[{"pmid": 32367319, "pmcid": "PMC7197034", "title": "Artificial intelligence to codify lung CT in Covid-19 patients.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Belfiore, Maria Paola", "Urraro, Fabrizio", "Grassi, Roberta", "Giacobbe, Giuliana", "Patelli, Gianluigi", "Cappabianca, Salvatore", "Reginelli, Alfonso"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367319", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already assumed pandemic proportions, affecting over 100 countries in few weeks. A global response is needed to prepare health systems worldwide. Covid-19 can be diagnosed both on chest X-ray and on computed tomography (CT). Asymptomatic patients may also have lung lesions on imaging. CT investigation in patients with suspicion Covid-19 pneumonia involves the use of the high-resolution technique (HRCT). Artificial intelligence (AI) software has been employed to facilitate CT diagnosis. AI software must be useful categorizing the disease into different severities, integrating the structured report, prepared according to subjective considerations, with quantitative, objective assessments of the extent of the lesions. In this communication, we present an example of a good tool for the radiologist (Thoracic VCAR software, GE Healthcare, Italy) in Covid-19 diagnosis (Pan et al. in Radiology, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200370). Thoracic VCAR offers quantitative measurements of the lung involvement. Thoracic VCAR can generate a clear, fast and concise report that communicates vital medical information to referring physicians. In the post-processing phase, software, thanks to the help of a colorimetric map, recognizes the ground glass and differentiates it from consolidation and quantifies them as a percentage with respect to the healthy parenchyma. AI software therefore allows to accurately calculate the volume of each of these areas. Therefore, keeping in mind that CT has high diagnostic sensitivity in identifying lesions, but not specific for Covid-19 and similar to other infectious viral diseases, it is mandatory to have an AI software that expresses objective evaluations of the percentage of ventilated lung parenchyma compared to the affected one."}, {"pmid": 32251688, "pmcid": "PMC7129532", "title": "China empowers Internet hospital to fight against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Sun, Shuangyi", "Yu, Keting", "Xie, Zhen", "Pan, Xiaoting"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251688", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344526, "pmcid": "PMC7215550", "title": "COVID-19 and RAS: Unravelling an Unclear Relationship.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["D'Ardes, Damiano", "Boccatonda, Andrea", "Rossi, Ilaria", "Guagnano, Maria Teresa", "Santilli, Francesca", "Cipollone, Francesco", "Bucci, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344526", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a main role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte and liquid balance. Previous evidence suggests that RAS may represent an important target for the treatment of lung pathologies, especially for acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic fibrotic disease. The scientific community has recently focused its attention on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R) inhibitors and their possible benefit/harms for patients infected by Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who experience pneumonia, but there are still some doubts about the effects of these drugs in this setting."}, {"pmid": 32517803, "title": "Misinformation about spinal manipulation and boosting immunity: an analysis of Twitter activity during the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Chiropr Man Therap", "authors": ["Kawchuk, Greg", "Hartvigsen, Jan", "Harsted, Steen", "Nim, Casper Glissmann", "Nyiro, Luana"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517803", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social media has become an increasingly important tool in monitoring the onset and spread of infectious diseases globally as well monitoring the spread of information about those diseases. This includes the spread of misinformation, which has been documented within the context of the emerging COVID-19 crisis. Understanding the creation, spread and uptake of social media misinformation is of critical importance to public safety. In this descriptive study, we detail Twitter activity regarding spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) and claims it increases, or \"boosts\", immunity. Spinal manipulation is a common intervention used by many health professions, most commonly by chiropractors. There is no clinical evidence that SMT improves human immunity. Social media searching software (Talkwalker Quick Search) was used to describe Twitter activity regarding SMT and improving or boosting immunity. Searches were performed for the 3\u2009months and 12\u2009months before March 31, 2020 using terms related to 1) SMT, 2) the professions that most often provide SMT and 3) immunity. From these searches, we determined the magnitude and time course of Twitter activity then coded this activity into content that promoted or refuted a SMT/immunity link. Content themes, high-influence users and user demographics were then stratified as either promoting or refuting this linkage. Twitter misinformation regarding a SMT/immunity link increased dramatically during the onset of the COVID crisis. Activity levels (number of tweets) and engagement scores (likes + retweets) were roughly equal between content promoting or refuting a SMT/immunity link, however, the potential reach (audience) of tweets refuting a SMT/immunity link was 3 times higher than those promoting a link. Users with the greatest influence on Twitter, as either promoters or refuters, were individuals, not institutions or organizations. The majority of tweets promoting a SMT/immunity link were generated in the USA while the majority of refuting tweets originated from Canada. Twitter activity about SMT and immunity increased during the COVID-19 crisis. Results from this work have the potential to help policy makers and others understand the impact of SMT misinformation and devise strategies to mitigate its impact."}, {"pmid": 32304587, "pmcid": "PMC7264494", "title": "Telemedicine and support groups could be used to improve adherence to treatment and health-related quality of life in patients affected by inflammatory skin conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Marasca, C", "Ruggiero, A", "Fontanella, G", "Ferrillo, M", "Fabbrocini, G", "Villani, A"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304587", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422180, "pmcid": "PMC7228735", "title": "Tracheostomy in the COVID-19 era: global and multidisciplinary guidance.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["McGrath, Brendan A", "Brenner, Michael J", "Warrillow, Stephen J", "Pandian, Vinciya", "Arora, Asit", "Cameron, Tanis S", "Anon, Jose Manuel", "Hernandez Martinez, Gonzalo", "Truog, Robert D", "Block, Susan D", "Lui, Grace C Y", "McDonald, Christine", "Rassekh, Christopher H", "Atkins, Joshua", "Qiang, Li", "Vergez, Sebastien", "Dulguerov, Pavel", "Zenk, Johannes", "Antonelli, Massimo", "Pelosi, Paolo", "Walsh, Brian K", "Ward, Erin", "Shang, You", "Gasparini, Stefano", "Donati, Abele", "Singer, Mervyn", "Openshaw, Peter J M", "Tolley, Neil", "Markel, Howard", "Feller-Kopman, David J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422180", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Global health care is experiencing an unprecedented surge in the number of critically ill patients who require mechanical ventilation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The requirement for relatively long periods of ventilation in those who survive means that many are considered for tracheostomy to free patients from ventilatory support and maximise scarce resources. COVID-19 provides unique challenges for tracheostomy care: health-care workers need to safely undertake tracheostomy procedures and manage patients afterwards, minimising risks of nosocomial transmission and compromises in the quality of care. Conflicting recommendations exist about case selection, the timing and performance of tracheostomy, and the subsequent management of patients. In response, we convened an international working group of individuals with relevant expertise in tracheostomy. We did a literature and internet search for reports of research pertaining to tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic, supplemented by sources comprising statements and guidance on tracheostomy care. By synthesising early experiences from countries that have managed a surge in patient numbers, emerging virological data, and international, multidisciplinary expert opinion, we aim to provide consensus guidelines and recommendations on the conduct and management of tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32292628, "pmcid": "PMC7118608", "title": "A Promising Anti-Cytokine-Storm Targeted Therapy for COVID-19: The Artificial-Liver Blood-Purification System.", "journal": "Engineering (Beijing)", "authors": ["Zhang, Yimin", "Yu, Liang", "Tang, LingLing", "Zhu, Mengfei", "Jin, Yanqi", "Wang, Zhouhan", "Li, Lanjuan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292628", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409503, "title": "The Diagnosis and Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["McIntyre, H David", "Moses, Robert G"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409503", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306408, "pmcid": "PMC7264562", "title": "Surge capacity of intensive care units in case of acute increase in demand caused by COVID-19 in Australia.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Litton, Edward", "Bucci, Tamara", "Chavan, Shaila", "Ho, Yvonne Y", "Holley, Anthony", "Howard, Gretta", "Huckson, Sue", "Kwong, Philomena", "Millar, Johnny", "Nguyen, Nhi", "Secombe, Paul", "Ziegenfuss, Marc", "Pilcher, David"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306408", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the capacity of intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia to respond to the expected increase in demand associated with COVID-19. Analysis of Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) registry data, supplemented by an ICU surge capability survey and veterinary facilities survey (both March 2020). All Australian ICUs and veterinary facilities. Baseline numbers of ICU beds, ventilators, dialysis machines, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation machines, intravenous infusion pumps, and staff (senior medical staff, registered nurses); incremental capability to increase capacity (surge) by increasing ICU bed numbers; ventilator-to-bed ratios; number of ventilators in veterinary facilities. The 191 ICUs in Australia provide 2378 intensive care beds during baseline activity (9.3 ICU beds per 100\u00a0000 population). Of the 175 ICUs that responded to the surge survey (with 2228 intensive care beds), a maximal surge would add an additional 4258 intensive care beds (191% increase) and 2631 invasive ventilators (120% increase). This surge would require additional staffing of as many as 4092 senior doctors (245% increase over baseline) and 42\u00a0720 registered ICU nurses (269% increase over baseline). An additional 188 ventilators are available in veterinary facilities, including 179 human model ventilators. The directors of Australian ICUs report that intensive care bed capacity could be near tripled in response to the expected increase in demand caused by COVID-19. But maximal surge in bed numbers could be hampered by a shortfall in invasive ventilators and would also require a large increase in clinician and nursing staff numbers."}, {"pmid": 32246722, "pmcid": "PMC7164109", "title": "Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: filtering fact from fiction in the infodemic: Q&A with virologist Professor Urs Greber.", "journal": "FEBS Lett", "authors": ["Ruffell, Daniela"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246722", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277598, "title": "Going Virtual to Support Anatomy Education: A STOPGAP in the Midst of the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anat Sci Educ", "authors": ["Evans, Darrell J R", "Bay, Boon Huat", "Wilson, Timothy D", "Smith, Claire F", "Lachman, Nirusha", "Pawlina, Wojciech"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277598", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492196, "title": "High-Coverage SARS-CoV-2 Genome Sequences Acquired by Target Capture Sequencing.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wen, Shaoqing", "Sun, Chang", "Zheng, Huanying", "Wang, Lingxiang", "Zhang, Huan", "Zou, Lirong", "Liu, Zhe", "Du, Panxin", "Xu, Xuding", "Liang, Lijun", "Peng, Xiaofang", "Zhang, Wei", "Wu, Jie", "Yang, Jiyuan", "Lei, Bo", "Zeng, Guangyi", "Ke, Changwen", "Chen, Fang", "Zhang, Xiao"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492196", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, we designed a set of SARS-CoV-2 enrichment probes to increase the capacity for sequence-based virus detection and obtain the comprehensive genome sequence at the same time. This universal SARS-CoV-2 enrichment probe set contains 502 120nt ssDNA biotin-labeled probes designed based on all available SARS-CoV-2 viral sequences and it can be used to enrich for SARS-CoV-2 sequences without prior knowledge of type or subtype. Following the CDC health and safety guidelines, marked enrichment was demonstrated in a virus strain sample from a cell culture, three nasopharyngeal swab samples (cycle threshold [Ct] values: 32.36, 36.72, and 38.44) from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (positive control) and four throat swab samples from patients without COVID-19 (negative controls), respectively. Moreover, based on these high-quality sequences, we discuss the heterozygosity and viral expression during coronavirus replication, and its phylogenetic relationship with other selected high-quality samples from The Genome Variation Map (GVM). Therefore, this universal SARS-CoV-2 enrichment probe system can capture and enrich SARS-CoV-2 viral sequences selectively and effectively in different samples, especially clinical swab samples with a relatively low concentration of viral particles. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32487856, "title": "Cost-Effective Filtrating Suction to Evacuate Surgical Smoke in Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech", "authors": ["Ouzzane, Adil", "Colin, Pierre"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487856", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The wide and fast spread of COVID-19 around the world has led to a dramatic increase in the need for protection products both for carers and for populations. Surgical team protection includes a systematic screening of patients, wearing protection devices by all the operating staff, and adequate management of aerosols. The risk of aerosol dispersal is particularly high during laparoscopic and robotic surgeries due to the interaction between circulating CO2 and surgical smoke that may contain small viral particles. To decrease the risk of virus transmission, many recommendations have been implemented including the use of integrated insufflation devices comprising smoke evacuation and filtration mode. Such devices are lacking in many centers around the world and to overcome this urgent unmet need, we designed a cost-effective filtrating suction as a more readily available alternative."}, {"pmid": 32307810, "pmcid": "PMC7235478", "title": "Coronavirus-days in dermatology.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Tursen, Umit", "Tursen, Belma", "Lotti, Torello"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is highly contagious and a particularly popular problem in all around the World and also in all departments of every hospital. In order to protect the well-being of health care providers while providing a sufficient workforce to respond to the COVID-19 are vital for pandemic planning. In this article, we will discuss this problem from a dermatological aspect."}, {"pmid": 32463005, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Challenge for the Cardiovascular Health.", "journal": "Curr Cardiol Rev", "authors": ["Crisafulli, Antonio", "Pagliaro, Pasquale"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463005", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353724, "pmcid": "PMC7195330", "title": "Association between climate variables and global transmission oF SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Sobral, Marcos Felipe Falcao", "Duarte, Gisleia Benini", "da Penha Sobral, Ana Iza Gomes", "Marinho, Marcelo Luiz Monteiro", "de Souza Melo, Andre"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353724", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, we aimed at analyzing the associations between transmission of and deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 and meteorological variables, such as average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and precipitation. Two outcome measures were considered, with the first aiming to study SARS-CoV-2 infections and the second aiming to study COVID-19 mortality. Daily data as well as data on SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 mortality obtained between December 1, 2019 and March 28, 2020 were collected from weather stations around the world. The country's population density and time of exposure to the disease were used as control variables. Finally, a month dummy variable was added. Daily data by country were analyzed using the panel data model. An increase in the average daily temperature by one degree Fahrenheit reduced the number of cases by approximately 6.4 cases/day. There was a negative correlation between the average temperature per country and the number of cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections. This association remained strong even with the incorporation of additional variables and controls (maximum temperature, average temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation) and fixed country effects. There was a positive correlation between precipitation and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Countries with higher rainfall measurements showed an increase in disease transmission. For each average inch/day, there was an increase of 56.01 cases/day. COVID-19 mortality showed no significant association with temperature."}, {"pmid": 32416070, "pmcid": "PMC7227586", "title": "Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Blanco-Melo, Daniel", "Nilsson-Payant, Benjamin E", "Liu, Wen-Chun", "Uhl, Skyler", "Hoagland, Daisy", "Moller, Rasmus", "Jordan, Tristan X", "Oishi, Kohei", "Panis, Maryline", "Sachs, David", "Wang, Taia T", "Schwartz, Robert E", "Lim, Jean K", "Albrecht, Randy A", "tenOever, Benjamin R"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416070", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral pandemics, such as the one caused by SARS-CoV-2, pose an imminent threat to humanity. Because of its recent emergence, there is a paucity of information regarding viral behavior and host response following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we offer an in-depth analysis of the transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 compared with other respiratory viruses. Cell and animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in addition to transcriptional and serum profiling of COVID-19 patients, consistently revealed a unique and inappropriate inflammatory response. This response is defined by low levels of type I and III interferons juxtaposed to elevated chemokines and high expression of IL-6. We propose that reduced innate antiviral defenses coupled with exuberant inflammatory cytokine production are the defining and driving features of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32234449, "pmcid": "PMC7142683", "title": "Molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in the first COVID-19 cluster in France reveals an amino acid deletion in nsp2 (Asp268del).", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Bal, A", "Destras, G", "Gaymard, A", "Bouscambert-Duchamp, M", "Valette, M", "Escuret, V", "Frobert, E", "Billaud, G", "Trouillet-Assant, S", "Cheynet, V", "Brengel-Pesce, K", "Morfin, F", "Lina, B", "Josset, L"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234449", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32231348, "title": "Emerging prophylaxis strategies against COVID-19.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Agrawal, Sumita", "Goel, Akhil Dhanesh", "Gupta, Nitesh"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231348", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Novel corona virus 2019 which started as an outbreak in China in December 2019 has rapidly spread all over the world, such that on 11th March 2020 WHO declared this disease as pandemic. The emergency that the world faces today demands that we develop urgent and effective measures to protect people at high risk of transmission. WHO has accelerated research in diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics for this novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32289171, "pmcid": "PMC7184448", "title": "Cardiac drugs and outcome in COVID-19: Reply.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Goldstein, Mark R", "Poland, Gregory A", "Graeber, Charles W"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289171", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125413, "pmcid": "PMC7107516", "title": "The pandemic of social media panic travels faster than the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Depoux, Anneliese", "Martin, Sam", "Karafillakis, Emilie", "Preet, Raman", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Larson, Heidi"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125413", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341946, "pmcid": "PMC7182522", "title": "Chaos game representation dataset of SARS-CoV-2 genome.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Barbosa, Raquel de M", "Fernandes, Marcelo A C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341946", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 16, 2020, the novel coronavirus disease (called COVID-19) spread to more than 185 countries/regions with more than 142,000 deaths and more than 2,000,000 confirmed cases. In the bioinformatics area, one of the crucial points is the analysis of the virus nucleotide sequences using approaches such as data stream, digital signal processing, and machine learning techniques and algorithms. However, to make feasible this approach, it is necessary to transform the nucleotide sequences string to numerical values representation. Thus, the dataset provides a chaos game representation (CGR) of SARS-CoV-2 virus nucleotide sequences. The dataset provides the CGR of 100 instances of SARS-CoV-2 virus, 11540 instances of other viruses from the Virus-Host DB dataset, and three instances of Riboviria viruses from NCBI (Betacoronavirus RaTG13, bat-SL-CoVZC45, and bat-SL-CoVZXC21)."}, {"pmid": 32525390, "title": "Psychological impact of anti-Asian stigma due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for research, practice, and policy responses.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Misra, Supriya", "Le, PhuongThao D", "Goldmann, Emily", "Yang, Lawrence H"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525390", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is linked to a rise in stigma and discrimination against Chinese and other Asians, which is likely to have a negative impact on mental health, especially when combined with additional outbreak-related stressors. We discuss the need to consider the potential harms of these anti-Asian sentiments during both the height of the pandemic and longer-term recovery through (a) research-examining how it affects mental health and recovery; (b) practice-implementing evidence-based stigma reduction initiatives; and (c) policy-coordinating federal response to anti-Asian racism including investment in mental health services and community-based efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32370984, "pmcid": "PMC7174182", "title": "[Health professionals facing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: What are the mental health risks?]", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["El-Hage, W", "Hingray, C", "Lemogne, C", "Yrondi, A", "Brunault, P", "Bienvenu, T", "Etain, B", "Paquet, C", "Gohier, B", "Bennabi, D", "Birmes, P", "Sauvaget, A", "Fakra, E", "Prieto, N", "Bulteau, S", "Vidailhet, P", "Camus, V", "Leboyer, M", "Krebs, M-O", "Aouizerate, B"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370984", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused major sanitary crisis worldwide. Half of the world has been placed in quarantine. In France, this large-scale health crisis urgently triggered the restructuring and reorganization of health service delivery to support emergency services, medical intensive care units and continuing care units. Health professionals mobilized all their resources to provide emergency aid in a general climate of uncertainty. Concerns about the mental health, psychological adjustment, and recovery of health care workers treating and caring for patients with COVID-19 are now arising. The goal of the present article is to provide up-to-date information on potential mental health risks associated with exposure of health professionals to the COVID-19 pandemic. Authors performed a narrative review identifying relevant results in the scientific and medical literature considering previous epidemics of 2003 (SARS-CoV-1) and 2009 (H1N1) with the more recent data about the COVID-19 pandemic. We highlighted most relevant data concerning the disease characteristics, the organizational factors and personal factors that may contribute to developing psychological distress and other mental health symptoms. The disease characteristics of the current COVID-19 pandemic provoked a generalized climate of wariness and uncertainty, particularly among health professionals, due to a range of causes such as the rapid spread of COVID-19, the severity of symptoms it can cause in a segment of infected individuals, the lack of knowledge of the disease, and deaths among health professionals. Stress may also be caused by organizational factors, such as depletion of personal protection equipment, concerns about not being able to provide competent care if deployed to new area, concerns about rapidly changing information, lack of access to up-to-date information and communication, lack of specific drugs, the shortage of ventilators and intensive care unit beds necessary to care for the surge of critically ill patients, and significant change in their daily social and family life. Further risk factors have been identified, including feelings of being inadequately supported, concerns about health of self, fear of taking home infection to family members or others, and not having rapid access to testing through occupational health if needed, being isolated, feelings of uncertainty and social stigmatization, overwhelming workload, or insecure attachment. Additionally, we discussed positive social and organizational factors that contribute to enhance resilience in the face of the pandemic. There is a consensus in all the relevant literature that health care professionals are at an increased risk of high levels of stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, addiction and post-traumatic stress disorder, which could have long-term psychological implications. In the long run, this tragic health crisis should significantly enhance our understanding of the mental health risk factors among the health care professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Reporting information such as this is essential to plan future prevention strategies. Protecting health care professionals is indeed an important component of public health measures to address large-scale health crisis. Thus, interventions to promote mental well-being in health care professionals exposed to COVID-19 need to be immediately implemented, and to strengthen prevention and response strategies by training health care professionals on mental help and crisis management."}, {"pmid": 32505474, "title": "Battle against COVID-19: Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma as an emergency therapy.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Kumar, Saurabh", "Sharma, Vinit", "Priya, Kanu"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505474", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387089, "pmcid": "PMC7252182", "title": "Transparency and Trust During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Spalluto, Lucy B", "Planz, Virginia B", "Stokes, LeAnn S", "Pierce, Richard", "Aronoff, David M", "McPheeters, Melissa L", "Omary, Reed A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387089", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366746, "title": "Guidance for the management of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Qu, Jie-Ming", "Wang, Chen", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366746", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and later the disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially announced that COVID-19 had reached global pandemic status. This article summarized the understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention and control measures of COVID-19 based on the available data and anti-epidemic experience in China."}, {"pmid": 32350226, "title": "An assessment of real-time RT-PCR kits for SARS-CoV-2 detection.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Okamaoto, Kiyoko", "Shirato, Kazuya", "Nao, NagaNaganori", "Saito, Shinji", "Kageyama, Tsutomu", "Hasegawa, Hideki", "Suzuki, Tadaki", "Matsuyama, Shutoku", "Takeda, Makoto"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350226", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan (China) in December 2019 is currently spreading rapidly and globally. We recently reported a laboratory diagnostic protocol for SARS-CoV-2 based on real-time RT-PCR assays using two primer sets, N and N2. On 30-31 January 2020, the protocol and reagents for these assays were distributed to local public health institutes and quarantine depots in Japan, and nationwide, SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing was started. For further validation, the assays were compared with the commercially available kits using SARS CoV-2 viral RNA and the clinical specimens obtained from COVID19-suspected individuals. The LightMix Modular SARS and Wuhan CoV E-gene (LN S&W-E) assay was highly sensitive for SARS-CoV-2, as was the N2 set, and both assays had perfectly consistent results with the clinical specimens. While the LM S&W-E set targets the highly conserved region of the E gene in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the N2 set was designed to target the unique region in the SARS-CoV-2 N gene. Thus, the N2 set has high specificity and sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 detection. These indicate that the protocol using the N and N2 sets is comparable to commercially available kits and is reliable for the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32407284, "title": "Characteristics and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease Patients under Nonsurge Conditions, Northern California, USA, March-April 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ferguson, Jessica", "Rosser, Joelle I", "Quintero, Orlando", "Scott, Jake", "Subramanian, Aruna", "Gumma, Mohammad", "Rogers, Angela", "Kappagoda, Shanthi"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407284", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Limited data are available on the clinical presentation and outcomes of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients in the United States hospitalized under normal-caseload or nonsurge conditions. We retrospectively studied 72 consecutive adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in 2 hospitals in the San Francisco Bay area, California, USA, during March 13-April 11, 2020. The death rate for all hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 8.3%, and median length of hospitalization was 7.5 days. Of the 21 (29% of total) intensive care unit patients, 3 (14.3% died); median length of intensive care unit stay was 12 days. Of the 72 patients, 43 (59.7%) had underlying cardiovascular disease and 19 (26.4%) had underlying pulmonary disease. In this study, death rates were lower than those reported from regions of the United States experiencing a high volume of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32437920, "pmcid": "PMC7211594", "title": "Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and clinical outcome in COVID-19: a report from the Italian front line.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Ciccullo, Arturo", "Borghetti, Alberto", "Zileri Dal Verme, Lorenzo", "Tosoni, Alberto", "Lombardi, Francesca", "Garcovich, Matteo", "Biscetti, Federico", "Montalto, Massimo", "Cauda, Roberto", "Di Giambenedetto, Simona"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437920", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213646, "title": "COVID-19 needs a big science approach", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Berkley, Seth"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213646", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399342, "pmcid": "PMC7213649", "title": "A Case of a COVID-19-positive Patient.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Malik, Zohra R", "Razaq, Zareen", "Mokraoui, Nassim", "Zrodlowski, Tomasz", "Bansod, Snehal"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399342", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (COVID-19), discovered in 2019, has been creating havoc since it first emerged in China\u00a0and is now spreading worldwide. Its presentation is somewhat similar to influenza. We hereby discuss the salient features of the coronavirus and present the case of a 33-year-old male who was tested positive for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32371810, "pmcid": "PMC7236845", "title": "Comment on 'Can angiotensin receptor-blocking drugs perhaps be harmful in the COVID-19 pandemic?'", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Cure, Erkan", "Cumhur Cure, Medine"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371810", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474992, "title": "In reply to the letter to the editor \"Tele(oral)medicine: A new approach during the COVID-19 crisis\".", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Gilligan, Gerardo M", "Piemonte, Eduardo D", "Lazos, Jeronimo P", "Panico, Rene L"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474992", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We would like tocongratulate Villa et al fora recent published letter to the editor(Villa et al; 2020), emphasizing the use of tele(oral)medicine as an effective diagnostic tool(Estai et al, 2018),which could be usefulin the current time of crisis.The COVID-19 pandemic, and the social isolation measures mandatedby health authorities haveled toa reassessing of the professional practicesin our Dental College."}, {"pmid": 32339809, "pmcid": "PMC7132505", "title": "How to perform tracheal intubation for COVID-19 patients safely and effectively: Experience AND tips from Sichuan, China.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Huang, Jianxin", "Zeng, Jie", "Xie, Min", "Huang, Xiaobo", "Wei, Xinchuan", "Pan, Lingai"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339809", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224151, "pmcid": "PMC7270947", "title": "Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Zhang, L", "Zhu, F", "Xie, L", "Wang, C", "Wang, J", "Chen, R", "Jia, P", "Guan, H Q", "Peng, L", "Chen, Y", "Peng, P", "Zhang, P", "Chu, Q", "Shen, Q", "Wang, Y", "Xu, S Y", "Zhao, J P", "Zhou, M"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224151", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cancer patients are regarded as a highly vulnerable group in the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To date, the clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients remain largely unknown. In this retrospective cohort study, we included cancer patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from three designated hospitals in Wuhan, China. Clinical data were collected from medical records from 13 January 2020 to 26 February 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to assess the risk factors associated with severe events defined as a condition requiring admission to an intensive care unit, the use of mechanical ventilation, or death. A total of 28 COVID-19-infected cancer patients were included; 17 (60.7%) patients were male. Median (interquartile range) age was 65.0 (56.0-70.0) years. Lung cancer was the most frequent cancer type (n\u00a0= 7; 25.0%). Eight (28.6%) patients were suspected to have hospital-associated transmission. The following clinical features were shown in our cohort: fever (n\u00a0= 23, 82.1%), dry cough (n\u00a0= 22, 81%), and dyspnoea (n\u00a0= 14, 50.0%), along with lymphopaenia (n\u00a0= 23, 82.1%), high level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (n\u00a0= 23, 82.1%), anaemia (n\u00a0= 21, 75.0%), and hypoproteinaemia (n\u00a0= 25, 89.3%). The common chest computed tomography (CT) findings were ground-glass opacity (n\u00a0= 21, 75.0%) and patchy consolidation (n\u00a0= 13, 46.3%). A total of 15 (53.6%) patients had severe events and the mortality rate was 28.6%. If the last antitumour treatment was within 14 days, it significantly increased the risk of developing severe events [hazard ratio (HR)\u00a0= 4.079, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.086-15.322, P\u00a0= 0.037]. Furthermore, patchy consolidation on CT on admission was associated with a higher risk of developing severe events (HR\u00a0= 5.438, 95% CI 1.498-19.748, P\u00a0= 0.010). Cancer patients show deteriorating conditions and poor outcomes from the COVID-19 infection. It is recommended that cancer patients receiving antitumour treatments should have vigorous screening for COVID-19 infection and should avoid treatments causing immunosuppression or have their dosages decreased in case of COVID-19 coinfection."}, {"pmid": 32468155, "pmcid": "PMC7255077", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Social Support among Adult Egyptians.", "journal": "J Community Health", "authors": ["El-Zoghby, Safaa M", "Soltan, Enayat M", "Salama, Hend M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468155", "countries": ["Egypt"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The psychological impact of outbreaks on individuals includes an intense and wide range of psychiatric morbidities. People are likely to experience feelings as; worry about being infected or getting sick, increased self-blame, and helplessness. This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and social support among Egyptian adults during the period of the pandemic. This is a cross-sectional observational study using an anonymous online questionnaire. The survey was conducted through a link shared on social networking sites. It was conducted from 2 May 2020 to 9 May 2020. The general populations of the Egyptian adults were included by using convenience and snowball sampling technique (510 adults). Impact Event scale mean 34.3\u2009\u00b1\u200915. About 211 (41.4%) suffered a severe impact. There was an increase in stress from work in 174 (34.1%), financial stress in 284 (55.7%), and stress from home in 320 (62.7%). Half of them felt horrified and helpless in 275 (53.9%), and 265 (52%) respectively, while 338 (66.3%) felt apprehensive. only 24.2% reported increased support from friends, while increased support from family members in 207 (40.6%). 46.5% shared their feelings with family members, while 176 (34.5%) shared with others. Caring for family members' feelings increased in 330 (64.7%). Age and rural residency were negative predictors for the impact of event score, while female gender or presence of chronic condition was a positive predictor for the impact of event score. Covid-19 pandemic has a great psychological impact on adult Egyptians and affected social support."}, {"pmid": 32329222, "pmcid": "PMC7264572", "title": "Self-reported olfactory loss associates with outpatient clinical course in COVID-19.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Yan, Carol H", "Faraji, Farhoud", "Prajapati, Divya P", "Ostrander, Benjamin T", "DeConde, Adam S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329222", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has left many health systems around the world overwhelmed, forcing triaging of scarce medical resources. Identifying indicators of hospital admission for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients early in the disease course could aid the efficient allocation of medical interventions. Self-reported olfactory impairment has recently been recognized as a hallmark of COVID-19 and may be an important predictor of clinical outcome. A retrospective review of all patients presenting to a San Diego Hospital system with laboratory-confirmed positive COVID-19 infection was conducted with evaluation of olfactory and gustatory function and clinical disease course. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for hospital admission and anosmia. A total of 169 patients tested positive for COVID-19 disease between March 3 and April 8, 2020. Olfactory and gustatory data were obtained for 128 (75.7%) of 169 subjects, of which 26 (20.1%) of 128 required hospitalization. Admission for COVID-19 was associated with intact sense of smell and taste, increased age, diabetes, and subjective and objective parameters associated with respiratory failure. On adjusted analysis, anosmia was strongly and independently associated with outpatient care (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01-0.74), whereas positive findings of pulmonary infiltrates and/or pleural effusion on chest radiograph (aOR 8.01; 95% CI, 1.12-57.49) was strongly and independently associated with admission. Normosmia is an independent predictor of admission in COVID-19 cases. Smell loss in COVID-19 may be associated with a milder clinical course."}, {"pmid": 32462329, "pmcid": "PMC7253229", "title": "Autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Albiol, Nil", "Awol, Rahinatu", "Martino, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462329", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438943, "title": "A Call for Consistency in Official Naming of the Disease Caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Non-English Languages.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Dong, Lu", "Li, Zhe", "Fung, Isaac Chun-Hai"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438943", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302448, "title": "The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Ranucci, Marco", "Ballotta, Andrea", "Di Dedda, Umberto", "Bayshnikova, Ekaterina", "Dei Poli, Marco", "Resta, Marco", "Falco, Mara", "Albano, Giovanni", "Menicanti, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302448", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few observations exist with respect to the pro-coagulant profile of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Reports of thromboembolic complications are scarce but suggestive for a clinical relevance of the problem. Prospective observational study aimed to characterize the coagulation profile of COVID-19 ARDS patients with standard and viscoelastic coagulation tests and to evaluate their changes after establishment of an aggressive thromboprophylaxis. Sixteen patients with COVID-19 ARDS received a complete coagulation profile at the admission in the intensive care unit. Ten patients were followed in the subsequent 7\u00a0days, after increasing the dose of low molecular weight heparin, antithrombin levels correction, and clopidogrel in selected cases. At baseline, the patients showed a pro-coagulant profile characterized by an increased clot strength (CS, median 55\u00a0hPa, 95% interquartile range 35-63), platelet contribution to CS (PCS, 43\u00a0hPa; interquartile range 24-45), fibrinogen contribution to CS (FCS, 12\u00a0hPa; interquartile range 6-13.5) elevated D-dimer levels (5.5\u00a0\u03bcg/mL, interquartile range 2.5-6.5), and hyperfibrinogenemia (794\u00a0mg/dL, interquartile range 583-933). Fibrinogen levels were associated (R2 \u00a0=\u00a0.506, P\u00a0=\u00a0.003) with interleukin-6 values. After increasing the thromboprophylaxis, there was a significant (P\u00a0=\u00a0.001) time-related decrease of fibrinogen levels, D-dimers (P\u00a0=\u00a0.017), CS (P\u00a0=\u00a0.013), PCS (P\u00a0=\u00a0.035), and FCS (P\u00a0=\u00a0.038). The pro-coagulant pattern of these patients may justify the clinical reports of thromboembolic complications (pulmonary embolism) during the course of the disease. Further studies are needed to assess the best prophylaxis and treatment of this condition."}, {"pmid": 32114748, "title": "[A special on epidemic prevention and control: precautions in ophthalmic practice in the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, N L", "Jie, Y", "Tao, F B"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114748", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article was published ahead of print on the official website of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology on March 2, 2020. Prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia is now the top priority, and the protection of the eyes in the fight against the epidemic has also been an issue of great concern. Based on the latest progress made in basic and clinical research and practical experience in epidemic prevention and control, this article delivers objective guidance on whether the eye is a route of transmission of novel coronavirus infection, the precautions that should be taken by ophthalmologists in clinical practice during the epidemic, the novel coronavirus infection in the eyes and its clinical manifestation, and the public health education on eye protection, so as to provide valuable evidence for the scientific prevention and control of the epidemic and developing targeted countermeasures. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 330-332)."}, {"pmid": 32184490, "title": "Coronavirus: three things all governments and their science advisers must do now.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184490", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526077, "title": "Remote monitoring in clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Transl Sci", "authors": ["Izmailova, Elena S", "Ellis, Robert", "Benko, Christopher"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526077", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly challenged the pharmaceutical industry to implement remote clinical trials. The industry's lack of extensive experience with remote measurements initiates multiple questions about how to select candidates for remote collection, their validity, and regulatory implications of moving certain assessments to a remote mode. We propose a decision tree for migration of clinic to remote assessments and highlight activities required to ensure that these measurements are valid, safe, and usable."}, {"pmid": 32426119, "pmcid": "PMC7211420", "title": "COVID-19: Universal health coverage now more than ever.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Armocida, Benedetta", "Formenti, Beatrice", "Palestra, Francesca", "Ussai, Silvia", "Missoni, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409107, "pmcid": "PMC7183290", "title": "Resumption of activity in gastroenterology departments. Recommendations by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG.", "journal": "Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Crespo, Javier", "Andrade, Raul", "Alberca de Las Parras, Fernando", "Balaguer, Francesc", "Barreiro-de Acosta, Manuel", "Bujanda, Luis", "Gutierrez, Ana", "Jorquera, Francisco", "Iglesias-Garcia, Julio", "Sanchez-Yague, Andres", "Calleja, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409107", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The set of measures proposed by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG are aimed to help departments in their resumption of usual activity. We have prepared a number of practical recommendations regarding patient management and the stepwise resumption of healthcare activity. These recommendations are based on the sparse, changing evidence available, and will be updated in the future according to daily needs and the availability of expendable materials to suit them; in each department they will be implemented depending upon the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in each region, and the burden the pandemic has represented for each hospital. The general objectives of these recommendations include: (a)To protect our patients against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and to provide them with high-quality care. (b)To protect all healthcare professionals against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2. (c)To resume normal functioning of our departments in a setting of ongoing risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32334771, "pmcid": "PMC7118618", "title": "COVID-19 in Italy: Ageism and Decision Making in a Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Cesari, Matteo", "Proietti, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334771", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32228827, "title": "[Exploration of omics mechanism and drug prediction of coronavirus-induced heart failure based on clinical bioinformatics].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, X M", "Cao, F", "Zhang, H M", "Chen, H R", "Zhang, J D", "Zhi, P", "Li, Z Y", "Wang, Y X", "Lu, X C"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228827", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: Present study investigated the mechanism of heart failure associated with coronavirus infection and predicted potential effective therapeutic drugs against heart failure associated with coronavirus infection. Methods: Coronavirus and heart failure were searched in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and omics data were selected to meet experimental requirements. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using the Limma package in R language to screen for differentially expressed genes. The two sets of differential genes were introduced into the R language cluster Profiler package for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto gene and genome encyclopedia (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Two sets of intersections were taken. A protein interaction network was constructed for all differentially expressed genes using STRING database and core genes were screened. Finally, the apparently accurate treatment prediction platform (EpiMed) independently developed by the team was used to predict the therapeutic drug. Results: The GSE59185 coronavirus data set was searched and screened in the GEO database, and divided into wt group, \u0394E group, \u03943 group, \u03945 group according to different subtypes, and compared with control group. After the difference analysis, 191 up-regulated genes and 18 down-regulated genes were defined. The GEO126062 heart failure data set was retrieved and screened from the GEO database. A total of 495 differentially expressed genes were screened, of which 165 were up-regulated and 330 were down-regulated. Correlation analysis of differentially expressed genes between coronavirus and heart failure was performed. After cross processing, there were 20 GO entries, which were mainly enriched in virus response, virus defense response, type \u2160 interferon response, \u03b3 interferon regulation, innate immune response regulation, negative regulation of virus life cycle, replication regulation of viral genome, etc . There are 5 KEGG pathways, mainly interacting with tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, cytokine and receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, human giant cells viral infection related. All differentially expressed genes were introduced into the SREING online analysis website for protein interaction network analysis, and core genes such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, IL-10, IL17, TNF, interferon regulatory factor 9, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3, radical s-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2, c-x-c motif chemokine ligand 10, caspase 3 and other genes were screened. The drugs predicted by EpiMed's apparent precision treatment prediction platform for disease-drug association analysis are mainly TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors, resveratrol, ritonavir, paeony, retinoic acid, forsythia, and houttuynia cordata. Conclusions: The abnormal activation of multiple inflammatory pathways may be the cause of heart failure in patients after coronavirus infection. Resveratrol, ritonavir, retinoic acid, amaranth, forsythia, houttuynia may have therapeutic effects. Future basic and clinical research is warranted to validate present results and hypothesis."}, {"pmid": 32284470, "pmcid": "PMC7182739", "title": "COVID-19 and Indian Pediatrics.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Mishra, Devendra"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284470", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32252058, "pmcid": "PMC7179553", "title": "Psychosomatic Medicine and Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Psychother Psychosom", "authors": ["Joos, Andreas"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252058", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301553, "pmcid": "PMC7262095", "title": "Lack of dyspnea in patients with Covid-19: another neurological conundrum?", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Bertran Recasens, B", "Martinez-Llorens, J M", "Rodriguez-Sevilla, J J", "Rubio, M A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301553", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356032, "pmcid": "PMC7191543", "title": "COVID-19 and Antiretroviral Therapies: South Africa's Charge Towards 90-90-90 in the Midst of a Second Pandemic.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Mendelsohn, Andrea S", "Ritchwood, Tiarney"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356032", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531837, "title": "Digitally Decentralized Mock Oral Board Examination for Neurological Surgery Trainees.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Graffeo, Christopher S", "Elder, Benjamin D", "Van Gompel, Jamie J", "Daniels, David J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531837", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "American Board of Neurological Surgery (ABNS) licensing consists of a written and an oral component. The oral exam is completed after the accrual of at least 125 cases with 3-month follow-up during independent neurosurgical practice, taken typically 2-4 years after graduation. The exam involves 3 high-stakes, case-based, face-to-face sessions, during which the examinee is individually scrutinized by pairs of ABNS examiners."}, {"pmid": 32320740, "pmcid": "PMC7166305", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Low-density lipoprotein is a potential predictor of poor prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Fan, Junli", "Wang, Hui", "Ye, Guangming", "Cao, Xiaoling", "Xu, Xianqun", "Tan, Wenbin", "Zhang, Yongxi"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320740", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global threat to public health. The lipid pathophysiology in COVID-19 is unknown. In this retrospective longitudinal study, we monitored the serum lipids in 17 surviving and 4 non-surviving COVID-19 cases prior to their viral infections and duration the entire disease courses. In surviving cases, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels decreased significantly on admission as compared with the levels before infection; the LDL levels remained constantly low during the disease progression and resumed to the original levels when patients recovered (pre-infection: 3.5 (3.0-4.4); on admission: 2.8 (2.3-3.1), p\u202f<\u202f0.01; progression: 2.5 (2.3-3.0); discharge: 3.6 (2.7-4.1); median (IQR), in mmol/L). In non-surviving patients, LDL levels showed an irreversible and continuous decrease until death (1.1 (0.9-1.2), p\u202f=\u202f0.02 versus the levels on admission). The ratio changes of LDL levels inversely correlated with ratio changes of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. Logistic regression analysis showed increasing odds of lowered LDL levels associated with disease progression (odds ratio: 4.48, 95% IC: 1.55-12.92, p\u202f=\u202f0.006) and in-hospital death (odds ratio: 21.72, 95% IC: 1.40-337.54, p\u202f=\u202f0.028). LDL levels inversely correlated to disease severities, which could be a predictor for disease progress and poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32303489, "title": "Covid-19: European officials warn that exiting lockdown will be \"very long\" and will require cooperation.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303489", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497628, "pmcid": "PMC7262498", "title": "Pulmonary embolism response teams in the challenging era of venous thromboembolism associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord", "authors": ["Porres-Aguilar, Mateo", "Ayala, Anaya", "Mukherjee, Debabrata", "Tapson, Victor F"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497628", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247193, "pmcid": "PMC7105910", "title": "Guidance for the management of myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Jacob, Saiju", "Muppidi, Srikanth", "Guidon, Amanda", "Guptill, Jeffrey", "Hehir, Michael", "Howard, James F Jr", "Illa, Isabel", "Mantegazza, Renato", "Murai, Hiroyuki", "Utsugisawa, Kimiaki", "Vissing, John", "Wiendl, Heinz", "Nowak, Richard J"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247193", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332765, "title": "Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus by recombinant ACE2-Ig.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Lei, Changhai", "Qian, Kewen", "Li, Tian", "Zhang, Sheng", "Fu, Wenyan", "Ding, Min", "Hu, Shi"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332765", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019, and there are currently no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines available. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to use the same cell entry receptor as SARS-CoV,\u00a0angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In this report, we generate a recombinant protein by connecting the extracellular domain of human ACE2 to the Fc region of the human immunoglobulin IgG1. A fusion protein containing an ACE2 mutant with low catalytic activity is also used in this study. The fusion proteins are then characterized. Both fusion proteins have a high binding affinity for the receptor-binding domains of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 and exhibit desirable pharmacological properties in mice. Moreover, the fusion proteins neutralize virus pseudotyped with SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins in vitro. As these fusion proteins exhibit cross-reactivity against coronaviruses, they have potential applications in the diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32265517, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 detection in patients with influenza-like illness.", "journal": "Nat Microbiol", "authors": ["Kong, Wen-Hua", "Li, Yao", "Peng, Ming-Wei", "Kong, De-Guang", "Yang, Xiao-Bing", "Wang, Leyi", "Liu, Man-Qing"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265517", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in late December 2019. We re-analysed 640 throat swabs collected from patients in Wuhan with influenza-like-illness from 6 October 2019 to 21 January 2020 and found that 9 of the 640 throat swabs were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by quantitative PCR, suggesting community transmission of SARS-CoV2 in Wuhan in early January 2020."}, {"pmid": 32461176, "pmcid": "PMC7245648", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on an Academic Neurosurgery Department: The Johns Hopkins Experience.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Khalafallah, Adham M", "Jimenez, Adrian E", "Lee, Ryan P", "Weingart, Jon D", "Theodore, Nicholas", "Cohen, Alan R", "Tamargo, Rafael J", "Huang, Judy", "Brem, Henry", "Mukherjee, Debraj"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461176", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disruptive pandemic that has continued to test the limits of health care system capacities. It is important to highlight the specific challenges facing US neurosurgery during these difficult circumstances. In the present study, we have described our neurosurgery department's unique experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed the following data points both before and during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic: the number of patients infected with COVID-19 at our institution, changes in neurosurgical operative workflow, changes in neurosurgical outpatient and inpatient clinic workflows, resident redeployment statistics and changes in call schedules, and changes in neurosurgical education. At our institution, the adult surgery numbers decreased from 120 during the week of March 4-11, 2020 (before the World Health Organization had classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic) to 17 during the week of April 13-17, 2020. The number of pediatric surgeries decreased from 15 to 3 during the same period. Significantly more surgeries were cancelled than were delayed (P < 0.0001). A drastic decline occurred in the number of in-person neurosurgery clinic visits (97.12%) between March and April 2020 (P = 0.0020). The inpatient census declined from mid-March to mid-April 2020 by 44.68% compared with a 4.26% decline during the same period in 2019 (P < 0.0001). Finally, neurosurgery education has largely shifted toward video-conferencing sessions rather than in-person sessions. By detailing our experience during the COVID-19 pandemic, we hope to have provided a detailed picture of the challenges facing neurosurgery within an academic medical center."}, {"pmid": 32304463, "pmcid": "PMC7179054", "title": "COVID-19 putting patients at risk of unplanned extubation and airway providers at increased risk of contamination.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Berkow, Lauren", "Kanowitz, Arthur"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304463", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292205, "pmcid": "PMC7151366", "title": "[Distributions of time, place, and population of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from January 20 to February 10, 2020, in China].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Jin, Lairun", "Zhao, Ying", "Zhou, Jun", "Tao, Mengjun", "Yang, Yang", "Wang, Xingyu", "Ye, Pinkai", "Shan, Shajia", "Yuan, Hui"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292205", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, increasing cases of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are being detected worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to provide a scientific reference for the global prevention and control of COVID-19. General demographic characteristics, epidemiological history, and clinical symptoms of COVID-19\u00a0were collected that had been reported on the websites of multiple Municipal Health Commissions\u00a0in China. We herein describe distributions in time, place, and population of COVID-19. As of midnight on February 10, 2020, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19\u00a0in China was 42,638, and the province with the largest number of confirmed cases was Hubei (31728), followed by Guangdong (1177), Zhejiang (1117), and Henan (1105) province. The number of cases and the speed of confirmed cases in provinces other than Hubei were more moderate than those of the Hubei province. The median (interquartile range) age of patients with COVID-19\u00a0was 44 (33, 54) years, with a range of 10 months to 89 years. The COVID-19 epidemic should be considered a global threat and the steps for control include early diagnosis and treatment, as well as isolation."}, {"pmid": 32392880, "title": "Time Course of COVID-19 Cases in Austria.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Moshammer, Hanns", "Poteser, Michael", "Lemmerer, Kathrin", "Wallner, Peter", "Hutter, Hans-Peter"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392880", "countries": ["China", "Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus, which first appeared in China in late 2019, and reached pandemic distribution in early 2020. The first major outbreak in Europe occurred in Northern Italy where it spread to neighboring countries, notably to Austria, where skiing resorts served as a main transmission hub. Soon, the Austrian government introduced strict measures to curb the spread of the virus. Using publicly available data, we assessed the efficiency of the governmental measures. We assumed an average incubation period of one week and an average duration of infectivity of 10 days. One week after the introduction of strict measures, the increase in daily new cases was reversed, and the reproduction number dropped. The crude estimates tended to overestimate the reproduction rate in the early phase. Publicly available data provide a first estimate about the effectiveness of public health measures. However, more data are needed for an unbiased assessment."}, {"pmid": 32462689, "title": "Features of enteric disease from human coronaviruses: Implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cimolai, Nevio"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462689", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses have long been studied in both human and veterinary fields. Whereas the initial detection of endemic human respiratory coronaviruses was problematic, detection of these and newly discovered human coronaviruses has been greatly facilitated with major advances in the laboratory. Nevertheless, technological factors can affect the accuracy and timeliness of virus detection. Many human coronaviruses can be variably found in stool samples. All human coronaviruses have been variably associated with symptoms of gastroenteritis. Coronaviruses can occasionally be cultured from enteric specimens, but most detection is accomplished with genetic amplification technologies. Excretion of viral RNA in stool can extend for a prolonged period. Culture-positive stool samples have been found to exceed a fourteen day period after onset of infection for some coronaviruses. Virus can also sometimes be cultured from patients' respiratory samples during the late incubation period. Relatively asymptomatic patients may excrete virus. Both viable and nonviable virus can be found in the immediate environment of the patient, the health care worker, and less often the public. These lessons from the past study of animal and human coronaviruses can be extended to presumptions for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Already, the early reports from the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic are confirming some concerns. These data have the cumulative potential to cause us to rethink some current and common public health and infection control strategies."}, {"pmid": 32322654, "pmcid": "PMC7175876", "title": "The most eagerly awaited summer of the Anthropocene: A perspective of SARS-CoV-2 decay and seasonal change.", "journal": "Groundw Sustain Dev", "authors": ["Kumar, Manish", "Kuroda, Keisuke", "Dhangar, Kiran"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322654", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, the world perhaps has never waited for the summer so impatiently in the entire Anthropocene, owing to the debate whether increasing temperature and humidity will decrease the environmental endurance of SARS-CoV-2. We present the perspective on the seasonal change on SARS-CoV-2 decay and COVID-19 spread. Our arguments are based on: i) structural similarity of coronavirus with several enteric viruses, and its vulnerability; ii) reports related to decay of those similar transmissible gastroenteritis viruses (TGEV) like norovirus and iii) improvement in the human immunity during summer with respect to winter. We present reasons why we can be optimistic about the slowdown of corona in the upcoming summer."}, {"pmid": 32423497, "title": "COVID-19: Pandemic Risk, Resilience and Possibilities for Aging Research.", "journal": "Can J Aging", "authors": ["Wister, Andrew", "Speechley, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32204990, "pmcid": "PMC7156158", "title": "Imaging Features of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evaluation on Thin-Section CT.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Guan, Chun Shuang", "Lv, Zhi Bin", "Yan, Shuo", "Du, Yan Ni", "Chen, Hui", "Wei, Lian Gui", "Xie, Ru Ming", "Chen, Bu Dong"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204990", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To retrospectively analyze the chest imaging findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on thin-section CT. Fifty-three patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection underwent thin-section CT examination. Two chest radiologists independently evaluated the imaging in terms of distribution, ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, air bronchogram, stripe, enlarged mediastinal lymph node, and pleural effusion. Fourty-seven cases (88.7%) had findings of COVID-19 infection, and the other six (11.3%) were normal. Among the 47 cases, 78.7% involved both lungs, and 93.6% had peripheral infiltrates distributed along the subpleural area. All cases showed GGO, 59.6% of which were round and 40.4% patchy. Other imaging features included \"crazy-paving pattern\" (89.4%), consolidation (63.8%), and air bronchogram (76.6%). Air bronchograms were observed within GGO (61.7%) and consolidation (70.3%). Neither enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes nor pleural effusion were present. Thirty-three patients (62.3%) were followed an average interval of 6.2 \u00b1 2.9 days. The lesions increased in 75.8% and resorbed in 24.2% of patients. COVID-19 showed the pulmonary lesions in patients infected with COVID-19 were predominantly distributed peripherally in the subpleural area."}, {"pmid": 32471171, "title": "Excess Ascorbate is a Chemical Stress Agent against Proteins and Cells.", "journal": "Pharmaceuticals (Basel)", "authors": ["Lehene, Maria", "Fischer-Fodor, Eva", "Scurtu, Florina", "Hadade, Niculina D", "Gal, Emese", "Mot, Augustin C", "Matei, Alina", "Silaghi-Dumitrescu, Radu"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471171", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Excess ascorbate (as expected in intravenous treatment proposed for COVID-19 management, for example) oxidizes and/or degrades hemoglobin and albumin, as evidenced by UV-vis spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. It also degrades hemoglobin in intact blood or in isolated erythrocytes. The survival rates and metabolic activities of several leukocyte subsets implicated in the antiviral cellular immune response are also affected. Excess ascorbate is thus an unselective biological stress agent."}, {"pmid": 32402522, "pmcid": "PMC7211643", "title": "Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy for reducing the risk of stroke and other thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Aghamohammadi, Mehdi", "Alizargar, Javad", "Hsieh, Nan-Chen", "Wu, Shu-Fang Vivienne"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402522", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286533, "pmcid": "PMC7155155", "title": "Nutritional recommendations for CoVID-19 quarantine.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Muscogiuri, Giovanna", "Barrea, Luigi", "Savastano, Silvia", "Colao, Annamaria"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286533", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335007, "pmcid": "PMC7167546", "title": "Corona-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["D'Ascanio, Luca", "Latini, Gino", "Pandolfini, Manlio", "Giardini, Damiano"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335007", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271724, "pmcid": "PMC7147906", "title": "Rapid Sentinel Surveillance for COVID-19 - Santa Clara County, California, March 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Zwald, Marissa L", "Lin, Wen", "Sondermeyer Cooksey, Gail L", "Weiss, Charles", "Suarez, Angela", "Fischer, Marc", "Bonin, Brandon J", "Jain, Seema", "Langley, Gayle E", "Park, Benjamin J", "Moulia, Danielle", "Benedict, Rory", "Nguyen, Nang", "Han, George S"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271724", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On February 27, 2020, the Santa Clara County Public Health Department (SCCPHD) identified its first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with probable community transmission (i.e., infection among persons without a known exposure by travel or close contact with a patient with confirmed COVID-19). At the time the investigation began, testing guidance recommended focusing on persons with clinical findings of lower respiratory illness and travel to an affected area or an epidemiologic link to a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case, or on persons hospitalized for severe respiratory disease and no alternative diagnosis (1). To rapidly understand the extent of COVID-19 in the community, SCCPHD, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), and CDC began sentinel surveillance in Santa Clara County. During March 5-14, 2020, four urgent care centers in Santa Clara County participated as sentinel sites. For this investigation, county residents evaluated for respiratory symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, or shortness of breath) who had no known risk for COVID-19 were identified at participating urgent care centers. A convenience sample of specimens that tested negative for influenza virus was tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Among 226 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 23% had positive test results for influenza. Among patients who had negative test results for influenza, 79 specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2, and 11% had evidence of infection. This sentinel surveillance system helped confirm community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Santa Clara County. As a result of these data and an increasing number of cases with no known source of transmission, the county initiated a series of community mitigation strategies. Detection of community transmission is critical for informing response activities, including testing criteria, quarantine guidance, investigation protocols, and community mitigation measures (2). Sentinel surveillance in outpatient settings and emergency departments, implemented together with hospital-based surveillance, mortality surveillance, and serologic surveys, can provide a robust approach to monitor the epidemiology of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32448648, "pmcid": "PMC7237940", "title": "AHPBA Webinar about Covid-19: lessons learned responding to a pandemic.", "journal": "HPB (Oxford)", "authors": ["Cleary, Sean", "D'Angelica, Michael", "Demartines, Nicolas", "Doyle, Maria B", "Kent, Tara", "Pawlik, Timothy M"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448648", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331928, "pmcid": "PMC7164909", "title": "Caring for older adults with multiple myeloma during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective from the International Forum for Optimizing Care of Older Adults with Myeloma.", "journal": "J Geriatr Oncol", "authors": ["Mian, Hira", "Grant, Shakira J", "Engelhardt, Monika", "Pawlyn, Charlotte", "Bringhen, Sara", "Zweegman, Sonja", "Stege, Claudia A M", "Rosko, Ashley E", "von Lilienfeld-Toal, Marie", "Wildes, Tanya M"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331928", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217900, "pmcid": "PMC7228449", "title": "High-Resolution Computed Tomography Manifestations of 5 Pediatric Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Comput Assist Tomogr", "authors": ["Liu, Mengqi", "Song, Zongbiao", "Xiao, Kaihu"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217900", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present clinical and chest computed tomography (CT) features of 5 cases of pediatric patients with 2019 novel coronavirus. Two patients had fever and dry cough, whereas the rest of 3 patients were asymptomatic. Three patients had unilateral ground glass opacities with or without consolidation in the subpleural region on high-resolution chest CT, 1 patient had bilateral ground glass opacities, and 1 patient was negative for CT. We note that up to 66.7% asymptomatic patients had pulmonary lesions, so the asymptomatic children with Wuhan contact are recommended to do a 2019 novel coronavirus real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction screening. Unlike adult patients, only a small amount of patients had multilobes affected, so we speculate that the pediatric patients generally have milder CT findings than adults."}, {"pmid": 32202977, "title": "The Role of Telehealth in Reducing the Mental Health Burden from COVID-19.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Zhou, Xiaoyun", "Snoswell, Centaine L", "Harding, Louise E", "Bambling, Matthew", "Edirippulige, Sisira", "Bai, Xuejun", "Smith, Anthony C"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202977", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472898, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Otologic Surgery.", "journal": "J Craniofac Surg", "authors": ["Cetinkaya, Erdem Atalay"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472898", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "All around world, the COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating, and any insight we can learn from our colleagues who have either encountered or are currently going through this will be used to protect our patients, our medical staff, and ourselves. No one knows to the best of our understanding whether or not COVID-19 includes the respiratory mucosal lining the middle ear and mastoid air cell system-but it seems probable they do. Since the rest of the airways are affected, and so is the nose and nasopharynx, it seems possible that the lining of the Eustachian tube, middle ear and mastoid air cell system would all be polluted. Viral particle aerosolization, which can occur otologic surgery using powered instruments and they remain in the air for at least 3\u200ahours. Powered air purifying respirators are supplied even shorter than N95 masks, but strongly believed they are important for our team safety and protection. This mini review provides fundamental knowledge on otologic surgery feasibility in the COVID-19 pandemic from an objective perspective."}, {"pmid": 32497196, "title": "Neutralizing Antibodies Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Inpatients and Convalescent Patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Xiaoli", "Guo, Xianghua", "Xin, Qianqian", "Pan, Yang", "Hu, Yaling", "Li, Jing", "Chu, Yanhui", "Feng, Yingmei", "Wang, Quanyi"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497196", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a pandemic with no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines. The urgent needs for exploring the neutralizing antibodies from patients with different clinical characteristics are emerging. A total of 117 blood samples were collected from 70 COVID-19 inpatients and convalescent patients. Antibodies were determined with a modified cytopathogenic neutralization assay (NA) based on live SARS-CoV-2 and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The dynamics of neutralizing antibody levels at different time points with different clinical characteristics were analyzed. The seropositivity rate reached up to 100.0% within 20 days since onset, and remained 100.0% till day 41-53. The total GMT was 1:163.7 (95% CI, 128.5 to 208.6) by NA and 1:12441.7 (95% CI, 9754.5 to 15869.2) by ELISA. The antibody level by NA and ELISA peaked on day 31-40 since onset, and then decreased slightly. In multivariate GEE analysis, patients at age of 31-45, 46-60, and 61-84 had a higher neutralizing antibody level than those at age of 16-30 (\u03b2=1.0470, P=0.0125; \u03b2=1.0613, P=0.0307; \u03b2=1.3713, P=0.0020). Patients with a worse clinical classification had a higher neutralizing antibody titer (\u03b2=0.4639, P=0.0227). The neutralizing antibodies were detected even at the early stage of disease, and a significant response showed in convalescent patients."}, {"pmid": 32415426, "pmcid": "PMC7227179", "title": "COVID-19 Anxiety.", "journal": "J Relig Health", "authors": ["Peteet, John R"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415426", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Growing concerns about anxiety associated with COVID-19 have led to recommendations for effective self-care, and greater availability of mental health treatment. At the same time, existential concerns raised by the pandemic suggest the importance of religious resources, as seen in research into the experience of patients dealing with advanced cancer."}, {"pmid": 32292826, "pmcid": "PMC7141164", "title": "A living systematic review protocol for COVID-19 clinical trial registrations.", "journal": "Wellcome Open Res", "authors": ["Maguire, Brittany J", "Guerin, Philippe J"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292826", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, a strong response from the research community has been observed with the proliferation of independent clinical trials assessing diagnostic methods, therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. While there is no intervention for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 with proven clinical efficacy to date, tools to distil the current research landscape by intervention, level of evidence and those studies likely powered to address future research questions is essential. This living systematic review aims to provide an open, accessible and frequently updated resource summarising the characteristics of COVID-19 clinical trial registrations. Weekly search updates of the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and source registries will be conducted. Data extraction by two independent reviewers of trial characteristic variables including categorisation of trial design, geographic location, intervention type and targets, level of evidence and intervention adaptability to low resource settings will be completed. Descriptive and thematic synthesis will be conducted. A searchable and interactive visualisation of the results database will be created, and made openly available online. Weekly results from the continued search updates will be published and made available on the Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO) website ( COVID-19 website). This living systematic review will provide a useful resource of COVID-19 clinical trial registrations for researchers in a rapidly evolving context. In the future, this sustained review will allow prioritisation of research targets for individual patient data meta-analysis."}, {"pmid": 32441786, "title": "Effects of methylprednisolone use on viral genomic nucleic acid negative conversion and CT imaging lesion absorption in COVID-19 patients under 50 years old.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Gong, Yuan", "Guan, Li", "Jin, Zhu", "Chen, Shixiong", "Xiang, Guangming", "Gao, Baoan"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441786", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The use of corticosteroids has been controversial in viral pneumonia. In most cases, application of methylprednisolone in severe and critical viral pneumonia patients can quickly alleviate the symptoms of dyspnea and prevent disease progression. However, some scholars have confirmed that corticosteroids delayed the body's clearance of the virus. In our retrospective non-randomised study, 34 patients under 50 years old and diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were included, according to given methylprednisolone treatment (n = 18) or not (n = 16), they were separated into 2 groups. By comparing the clinical data we concluded that corticosteroids therapy can effectively release COVID-19 symptoms such as persistent fever and difficult breathing, improve oxygenation and prevent disease progression. However, it can prolong the negative conversion of nucleic acids. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32259829, "pmcid": "PMC7179549", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak: An Overview.", "journal": "Chemotherapy", "authors": ["Ciotti, Marco", "Angeletti, Silvia", "Minieri, Marilena", "Giovannetti, Marta", "Benvenuto, Domenico", "Pascarella, Stefano", "Sagnelli, Caterina", "Bianchi, Martina", "Bernardini, Sergio", "Ciccozzi, Massimo"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259829", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, Chinese health authorities reported an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown origin in Wuhan, Hubei Province. A few days later, the genome of a novel coronavirus was released (http://viro-logical.org/t/novel-2019-coronavirus-genome/319; Wuhan-Hu-1, GenBank accession No. MN908947) and made publicly available to the scientific community. This novel coronavirus was provisionally named 2019-nCoV, now SARS-CoV-2 according to the Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Coronaviridae family, Betacoronavirus genus, subgenus Sarbecovirus. Since its discovery, the virus has spread globally, causing thousands of deaths and having an enormous impact on our health systems and economies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the epidemiology, phylogenesis, homology modeling, and molecular diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2. Key Messages: Phylogenetic analysis is essential to understand viral evolution, whereas homology modeling is important for vaccine strategies and therapies. Highly sensitive and specific diagnostic assays are key to case identification, contact tracing, identification of the animal source, and implementation of control measures."}, {"pmid": 32412581, "pmcid": "PMC7229532", "title": "Use of Prone Positioning in Nonintubated Patients With COVID-19 and Hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Elharrar, Xavier", "Trigui, Youssef", "Dols, Anne-Marie", "Touchon, Francois", "Martinez, Stephanie", "Prud'homme, Eloi", "Papazian, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412581", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369541, "pmcid": "PMC7240841", "title": "Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Chou, Roger", "Dana, Tracy", "Buckley, David I", "Selph, Shelley", "Fu, Rongwei", "Totten, Annette M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369541", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care workers (HCWs) are at risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To examine the burden of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV on HCWs and risk factors for infection, using rapid and living review methods. Multiple electronic databases including the WHO Database of Publications on Coronavirus Disease and medRxiv preprint server (2003 through 27 March 2020, with ongoing surveillance through 24 April 2020), and reference lists. Studies published in any language reporting incidence of or outcomes associated with coronavirus infections in HCWs and studies on the association between risk factors (demographic characteristics, role, exposures, environmental and administrative factors, and personal protective equipment [PPE] use) and HCW infections. New evidence will be incorporated on an ongoing basis by using living review methods. One reviewer abstracted data and assessed methodological limitations; verification was done by a second reviewer. 64 studies met inclusion criteria; 43 studies addressed burden of HCW infections (15 on SARS-CoV-2), and 34 studies addressed risk factors (3 on SARS-CoV-2). Health care workers accounted for a significant proportion of coronavirus infections and may experience particularly high infection incidence after unprotected exposures. Illness severity was lower than in non-HCWs. Depression, anxiety, and psychological distress were common in HCWs during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. The strongest evidence on risk factors was on PPE use and decreased infection risk. The association was most consistent for masks but was also observed for gloves, gowns, eye protection, and handwashing; evidence suggested a dose-response relationship. No study evaluated PPE reuse. Certain exposures (such as involvement in intubations, direct patient contact, or contact with bodily secretions) were associated with increased infection risk. Infection control training was associated with decreased risk. There were few studies on risk factors for SARS-CoV-2, the studies had methodological limitations, and streamlined rapid review methods were used. Health care workers experience significant burdens from coronavirus infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Use of PPE and infection control training are associated with decreased infection risk, and certain exposures are associated with increased risk. World Health Organization."}, {"pmid": 32071447, "title": "More than 80 clinical trials launch to test coronavirus treatments.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32071447", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518458, "pmcid": "PMC7270163", "title": "World in lockdown.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Hamzelou, Jessica"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518458", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Around a fifth of the global population is in lockdown as covid-19 cases continue to rise, reports Jessica Hamzelou."}, {"pmid": 32319449, "title": "A pregnant woman and the SARS-CoV-2 infection: how are barriers easily crossed?", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Indraccolo, Ugo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319449", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A case of SARS-CoV-2 in a pregnant woman is described. How the case has crossed the barriers is highlighted, hoping this will be useful in planning appropriate intervention in cases of infected pregnant women."}, {"pmid": 32462717, "title": "COVID-19: Consider IL6 receptor antagonist for the therapy of cytokine storm syndrome in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chakraborty, Chiranjib", "Sharma, Ashish Ranjan", "Bhattacharya, Manojit", "Sharma, Garima", "Lee, Sang-Soo", "Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462717", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 leads to mortality of several patients and the cytokine storm is reportedly critical in the patients. In order to reduce the cytokine storm, we would like to propose the IL6 receptor antagonist therapy for the COVID-19 patients. Two humanized monoclonal antibodies are in clinical trial following IL6R antagonist therapies namely tocilizumab and sarilumab. However, researchers and physicians should look for more IL6 receptor antagonists for the therapy of cytokine storm syndrome SARS-CoV-2 infected persons to enhance the therapeutic options for cytokine storm. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32399502, "pmcid": "PMC7210007", "title": "Still using MS Excel? Implementation of the WHO Go.Data software for the COVID-19 contact tracing.", "journal": "Health Sci Rep", "authors": ["Llupia, Anna", "Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto", "Puig, Joaquim"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399502", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292213, "pmcid": "PMC7110433", "title": "[Coronavirus: from common cold to severe pulmonary failure].", "journal": "Monatsschr Kinderheilkd", "authors": ["Hufert, F", "Spiegel, M"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292213", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019 a\u00a0new human coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China, which is known as SARS-CoV\u20112. The clinical course of the disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranges from mild respiratory symptoms to severe lung failure. The virus is currently rapidly spreading around the world and pushing health systems to the limits of their capacity due to the exponential increase in the number of cases. The origin of SARS-CoV\u20112 lies in the bat coronavirus pool and has now emerged in the human population due to interspecies transmission. Molecular diagnostic methods have been established in a very short time and a\u00a0number of clinical studies on the effectiveness of different antiviral drugs are ongoing. The development of a\u00a0vaccine using different approaches is also under investigation.Considering the high number of cases and mortality rates of up to 9% there is an urgent need for action. This article summarizes the current state of knowledge on human coronaviruses with a\u00a0strong focus on the current data on SARS-CoV\u20112. Due to the daily changing level of knowledge, the article reflects the status up to 21 March 2020."}, {"pmid": 32396018, "title": "Patient-Driven Discontinuation of Apremilast During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Canadian Academic Hospital Clinics and One Community Practice.", "journal": "J Cutan Med Surg", "authors": ["Georgakopoulos, Jorge R", "Vender, Ron", "Yeung, Jensen"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396018", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407048, "title": "Insights from Italy: the Novara-COVID score for rapid destination of COVID-19 patients at emergency department presentation.", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Gavelli, Francesco", "Castello, Luigi M", "Patrucco, Filippo", "Bellan, Mattia", "Sainaghi, Pier Paolo", "Avanzi, Gian Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407048", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406143, "pmcid": "PMC7272898", "title": "Could patients taking isotretinoin therapy be immune against SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Hamouda Elgarhy, Lamia"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406143", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530530, "title": "EP lessons by Legendary Quartet of \"Jackman-Klein-Prystowsky-Stevenson\": \"A Priceless Opportunity\" during the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Ozeke, Ozcan", "Cay, Serkan", "Ozcan, Firat", "Korkmaz, Ahmet", "Kara, Meryem", "Topaloglu, Serkan", "Aras, Dursun"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530530", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has already been declared as modern history's gravest health emergency by many countries(1-3). The rapidly increasing demand on health facilities and health care providers threatens to leave some health systems overstretched and unable to operate effectively. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32328341, "pmcid": "PMC7176373", "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Assessments and the Importance of Calculating the Probability of Illness.", "journal": "Med Sci Educ", "authors": ["Stovitz, Steven D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328341", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492530, "pmcid": "PMC7261468", "title": "Aberrant hyperactivation of cytotoxic T-cell as a potential determinant of COVID-19 severity.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kang, Chang Kyung", "Han, Gi-Chan", "Kim, Minji", "Kim, Gwanghun", "Shin, Hyun Mu", "Song, Kyoung-Ho", "Choe, Pyoeng Gyun", "Park, Wan Beom", "Kim, Eu Suk", "Kim, Hong Bin", "Kim, Nam-Joong", "Kim, Hang-Rae", "Oh, Myoung-Don"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492530", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We hypothesized that immune response may contribute to progression of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) at the second week of illness. Therefore, we compared cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses between severe and mild COVID-19 cases. We examined peripheral blood mononuclear cells of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients from their first and third weeks of illness. Severe pneumonia was defined as an oxygen saturation \u2264 93% at room air. Expressions of molecules related to T-cell activation and functions were analyzed by flow cytometry. The population dynamics of T cells at the first week were not different between the two groups. However, total numbers of CD4+ and CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells tended to be lower in the severe group at the third week of illness. Expressions of Ki-67, PD-1, perforin, and granzyme B in CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in the severe group than in the mild group at the third week. In contrast to the mild group, the levels of their expression did not decrease in severe group. Severe COVID-19 had higher degree of proliferation, activation, and cytotoxicity of T-cells at the late phase of illness without cytotoxic T-cell contraction, which might contribute to the development of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32502440, "pmcid": "PMC7266608", "title": "Initiation of the Global Coalition for Radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Price, Pat", "Barney, Shandi E"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502440", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299784, "pmcid": "PMC7194629", "title": "How do we decide to de-isolate COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Liao, Chia-Hung", "Hung, Shih-Chang", "Lee, Yuan-Ti", "Hung, Hung-Chang", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299784", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322691, "pmcid": "PMC7156988", "title": "The transmissibility of novel Coronavirus in the early stages of the 2019-20 outbreak in Wuhan: Exploring initial point-source exposure sizes and durations using scenario analysis.", "journal": "Wellcome Open Res", "authors": ["Abbott, Sam", "Hellewell, Joel", "Munday, James", "Funk, Sebastian"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322691", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: The current novel coronavirus outbreak appears to have originated from a point-source exposure event at Huanan seafood wholesale market in Wuhan, China. There is still uncertainty around the scale and duration of this exposure event. This has implications for the estimated transmissibility of the coronavirus and as such, these potential scenarios should be explored. \u00a0 Methods: We used a stochastic branching process model, parameterised with available data where possible and otherwise informed by the 2002-2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak, to simulate the Wuhan outbreak. We evaluated scenarios for the following parameters: the size, and duration of the initial transmission event, the serial interval, and the reproduction number (R0). We restricted model simulations based on the number of observed cases on the 25th of January, accepting samples that were within a 5% interval on either side of this estimate. Results: Using a pre-intervention SARS-like serial interval suggested a larger initial transmission event and a higher R0 estimate. Using a SARs-like serial interval we found that the most likely scenario produced an R0 estimate between 2-2.7 (90% credible interval (CrI)). A pre-intervention SARS-like serial interval resulted in an R0 estimate between 2-3 (90% CrI). There were other plausible scenarios with smaller events sizes and longer duration that had comparable R0 estimates. There were very few simulations that were able to reproduce the observed data when R0 was less than 1. Conclusions: Our results indicate that an R0 of less than 1 was highly unlikely unless the size of the initial exposure event was much greater than currently reported. We found that R0 estimates were comparable across scenarios with decreasing event size and increasing duration. Scenarios with a pre-intervention SARS-like serial interval resulted in a higher R0 and were equally plausible to scenarios with SARs-like serial intervals."}, {"pmid": 32446981, "pmcid": "PMC7241340", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Resilience: Neurosurgical Perspectives.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Rahman, Moshiur", "Chowdhury, Muhtamim", "Garcia-Ballestas, Ezequiel", "Florez, William", "Agrawal, Amit", "Moscote-Salazar, Luis Rafael"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446981", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442529, "pmcid": "PMC7237172", "title": "Electron microscopy of SARS-CoV-2: a challenging task.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Goldsmith, Cynthia S", "Miller, Sara E", "Martines, Roosecelis B", "Bullock, Hannah A", "Zaki, Sherif R"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442529", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233915, "title": "Editorial: Managing the march of COVID-19: lessons from the HIV and AIDS epidemic.", "journal": "Afr J AIDS Res", "authors": ["Whiteside, Alan", "Parker, Warren", "Schramm, Mike"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233915", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347198, "pmcid": "PMC7189647", "title": "Epidemiological characteristics of the first 53 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 epidemic in Hong Kong, 13 February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Kwok, Kin On", "Wong, Valerie Wing Yu", "Wei, Wan In", "Wong, Samuel Yeung Shan", "Tang, Julian Wei-Tze"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347198", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BackgroundCOVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, first appeared in China and subsequently developed into an ongoing epidemic. Understanding epidemiological factors characterising the transmission dynamics of this disease is of fundamental importance.AimsThis study aimed to describe key epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 in Hong Kong.MethodsWe extracted data of confirmed COVID-19 cases and their close contacts from the publicly available information released by the Hong Kong Centre for Health Protection. We used doubly interval censored likelihood to estimate containment delay and serial interval, by fitting gamma, lognormal and Weibull distributions to respective empirical values using Bayesian framework with right truncation. A generalised linear regression model was employed to identify factors associated with containment delay. Secondary attack rate was also estimated.ResultsThe empirical containment delay was 6.39\u2009days; whereas after adjusting for right truncation with the best-fit Weibull distribution, it was 10.4\u2009days (95%\u2009CrI:\u20097.15 to 19.81). Containment delay increased significantly over time. Local source of infection and number of doctor consultations before isolation were associated with longer containment delay. The empirical serial interval was 4.58-6.06\u2009days; whereas the best-fit lognormal distribution to 26 certain-and-probable infector-infectee paired data gave an estimate of 4.77\u2009days (95%\u2009CrI:\u20093.47 to 6.90) with right-truncation. The secondary attack rate among close contacts was 11.7%.ConclusionWith a considerable containment delay and short serial interval, contact-tracing effectiveness may not be optimised to halt the transmission with rapid generations replacement. Our study highlights the transmission risk of social interaction and pivotal role of physical distancing in suppressing the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32246914, "pmcid": "PMC7270584", "title": "Essential care of critical illness must not be forgotten in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Baker, Tim", "Schell, Carl Otto", "Petersen, Dan Brun", "Sawe, Hendry", "Khalid, Karima", "Mndolo, Samson", "Rylance, Jamie", "McAuley, Daniel F", "Roy, Nobhojit", "Marshall, John", "Wallis, Lee", "Molyneux, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246914", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405257, "pmcid": "PMC7219399", "title": "Validation of SARS-CoV-2 detection across multiple specimen types.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Perchetti, Garrett A", "Nalla, Arun K", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Zhu, Haiying", "Wei, Yulun", "Stensland, Larry", "Loprieno, Michelle A", "Jerome, Keith R", "Greninger, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405257", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused considerable disruption across the world, resulting in more than 235,000 deaths since December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 has a wide tropism and detection of the virus has been described in multiple specimen types, including various respiratory secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, and stool. To evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of a laboratory modified CDCbased SARS-CoV-2 N1 and N2 assay across a range of sample types. Study Design We compared the matrix effect on the analytical sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 detection by qRT-PCR in nasal swabs collected in viral transport medium (VTM), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), sputum, plasma, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), stool, VTM, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). Initial limits of detection (LoD) were subsequently narrowed to confirm an LoD for each specimen type and target gene. LoDs were established using a modified CDC-based laboratory developed test and ranged from a mean CT cut-off of 33.8-35.7 (10-20 copies/reaction) for the N1 gene target, and 34.0-36.2 (1-10 copies/reaction) for N2. Alternatives to VTM such as PBS and HBSS had comparable LoDs. The N2 gene target was found to be most sensitive in CSF. A modified CDC-based laboratory developed test is able to detect SARSCoV- 2 accurately with similar sensitivity across all sample types tested."}, {"pmid": 32376119, "pmcid": "PMC7184009", "title": "Lessons from COVID-19 to future evidence synthesis efforts: first living search strategy and out of date scientific publishing and indexing industry (submitted).", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Shokraneh, Farhad", "Russell-Rose, Tony"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376119", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450312, "pmcid": "PMC7243785", "title": "Letter to the Editor \"Changes to Neurosurgery Resident Education Since Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic\".", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Pennington, Zach", "Lubelski, Daniel", "Khalafallah, Adham M", "Ehresman, Jeff", "Sciubba, Daniel M", "Witham, Timothy F", "Huang, Judy"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450312", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354565, "pmcid": "PMC7129244", "title": "[Case fatality rate of COVID-19: absence of epidemiological pattern].", "journal": "Gac Sanit", "authors": ["Medeiros de Figueiredo, Alexandre", "Daponte, Antonio", "Moreira Marculino de Figueiredo, Daniela Cristina", "Gil-Garcia, Eugenia", "Kalache, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354565", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Analyze a set of indicators to understand the variability of the evolution and impact of the COVID-19 epidemic in a set of selected countries. Ecological study of a group of countries with more than 200 reported cases. Demographic variables, health expenditure variables, and variables about characteristics of health services were included as explanatory variables. and incidence, mortality and fatality rates have been analyzed as response variables. In addition, a relative fatality index has been created. Data are from international organizations. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to estimate the magnitude of the associations. Number of tests and of medical professionals are associated with a higher incidence rate. Mortality and case fatality rate are not associated with demographic, health expenditure, or health services variables. Differences suggest a general underestimation of the magnitude of the epidemic. Improvement of case identification and effectiveness of epidemiological surveillance systems is necessary."}, {"pmid": 32472989, "title": "Relationship between ACE-inhibitors, ARBs and SARS-CoV-2 infection: where are we?", "journal": "Minerva Cardioangiol", "authors": ["Infusino, Fabio", "Cimino, Sara", "Lombardi, Marco", "Mancone, Massimo", "Cavarretta, Elena", "Frati, Giacomo", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Fedele, Francesco", "Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472989", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is spreading rapidly all over the world. The case fatality rate seems higher in cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Other comorbidities do not seem to confer the same risk, therefore the understanding of the relationship between infection and cardiovascular system could be a crucial point for the fight against the virus. A great interest is currently directed towards the angiotensin 2 converting enzyme (ACE 2) which is the SARS-CoV-2 receptor and creates important connections between the virus replication pathway, the cardiovascular system and blood pressure. All cardiovascular conditions share an imbalance of the renin angiotensin system (RAAS) in which ACE 2 plays a central role. In the last few days, much confusion has appeared about the management of therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-i) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in infected patients and in those at risk of critical illness in case of infection. In this article we will try to reorder the major opinions currently emerging on this topic."}, {"pmid": 32427429, "title": "Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Haug, Greg", "Eapen, Mathew S", "Sohal, Sukhwinder S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427429", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357288, "pmcid": "PMC7267121", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and repercussions for male infertility patients: A proposal for the individualized provision of andrological services.", "journal": "Andrology", "authors": ["Esteves, Sandro C", "Lombardo, Francesco", "Garrido, Nicolas", "Alvarez, Juan", "Zini, Armand", "Colpi, Giovanni M", "Kirkman-Brown, Jackson", "Lewis, Sheena E M", "Bjorndahl, Lars", "Majzoub, Ahmad", "Cho, Chak-Lam", "Vendeira, Pedro", "Hallak, Jorge", "Amar, Edouard", "Cocuzza, Marcello", "Bento, Fabiola C", "Figueira, Rita C", "Sciorio, Romualdo", "Laursen, Rita J", "Metwalley, Ahmad M", "Jindal, Sunil K", "Parekattil, Sijo", "Ramasamy, Ranjith", "Alviggi, Carlo", "Humaidan, Peter", "Yovich, John L", "Agarwal, Ashok"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The prolonged lockdown of health facilities providing non-urgent gamete cryopreservation-as currently recommended by many reproductive medicine entities and regulatory authorities due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will be detrimental for subgroups of male infertility patients. We believe the existing recommendations should be promptly modified and propose that the same permissive approach for sperm banking granted for men with cancer is expanded to other groups of vulnerable patients. These groups include infertility patients (eg, azoospermic and cryptozoospermic) undergoing medical or surgical treatment to improve sperm quantity and quality, as well as males of reproductive age affected by inflammatory and systemic auto-immune diseases who are about to start treatment with gonadotoxic drugs or who are under remission. In both scenarios, the \"fertility window\" may be transitory; postponing diagnostic semen analysis and sperm banking in these men could compromise the prospects of biological parenthood. Moreover, we provide recommendations on how to continue the provision of andrological services in a considered manner and a safe environment. Our opinion is timely and relevant given the fact that fertility services are currently rated as of low priority in most countries."}, {"pmid": 32312572, "pmcid": "PMC7158783", "title": "Reducing droplet spread during airway manipulation: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Au Yong, Phui S", "Chen, Xuanxuan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312572", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461657, "title": "Coronavirus misinformation needs researchers to respond.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461657", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407758, "pmcid": "PMC7212964", "title": "COVID-19 Follow up Testing.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Woodruff, Amelita"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407758", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345547, "pmcid": "PMC7158782", "title": "Fulminant myocarditis due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Irabien-Ortiz, Angela", "Carreras-Mora, Jose", "Sionis, Alessandro", "Pamies, Julia", "Montiel, Jose", "Tauron, Manel"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345547", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360583, "pmcid": "PMC7192121", "title": "Efficacy and safety of current therapeutic options for COVID-19 - lessons to be learnt from SARS and MERS epidemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Zhong, Han", "Wang, Yan", "Zhang, Zai-Li", "Liu, Yang-Xi", "Le, Ke-Jia", "Cui, Min", "Yu, Yue-Tian", "Gu, Zhi-Chun", "Gao, Yuan", "Lin, Hou-Wen"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360583", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapidly progressing of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global concern. This meta-analysis aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of current option of therapies for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) besides COVID-19, in an attempt to identify promising therapy for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and WANFANG DATA for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective cohort, and retrospective cohort studies that evaluated therapies (hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir-based therapy, and ribavirin-based therapy, etc.) for SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. The primary outcomes were mortality, virological eradication and clinical improvement, and secondary outcomes were improvement of symptoms and chest radiography results, incidence of acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS), utilization of mechanical ventilation, and adverse events (AEs). Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models, and the quality of evidence was appraised using GRADEpro. Eighteen articles (5 RCTs, 2 prospective cohort studies, and 11 retrospective cohort studies) involving 4,941 patients were included. Compared with control treatment, anti-coronary virus interventions significantly reduced mortality (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44-0.96; I2 = 81.3%), remarkably ameliorate clinical improvement (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.05-2.19) and radiographical improvement (RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.11-2.36, I2 = 11.0 %), without manifesting clear effect on virological eradication, incidence of ARDS, intubation, and AEs. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the combination of ribavirin and corticosteroids remarkably decreased mortality (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.27-0.68). The lopinavir/ritonavir-based combination showed superior virological eradication and radiographical improvement with reduced rate of ARDS. Likewise, hydroxychloroquine improved radiographical result. For safety, ribavirin could induce more bradycardia, anemia and transaminitis. Meanwhile, hydroxychloroquine could increase AEs rate especially diarrhea. Overall, the quality of evidence on most outcomes were very low. In conclusion, although we could not draw a clear conclusion for the recommendation of potential therapies for COVID-19 considering the very low quality of evidence and wide heterogeneity of interventions and indications, our results may help clinicians to comprehensively understand the advantages and drawbacks of each anti-coronavirus agents on efficacy and safety profiles. Lopinavir/ritonavir combinations might observe better virological eradication capability than other anti-coronavirus agents. Conversely, ribavirin might cause more safety concerns especially bradycardia. Thus, large RCTs objectively assessing the efficacy of antiviral therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infections should be conducted with high priority."}, {"pmid": 32518419, "title": "The Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in COVID-19 with severe systemic hyperinflammation.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["La Rosee, F", "Bremer, H C", "Gehrke, I", "Kehr, A", "Hochhaus, A", "Birndt, S", "Fellhauer, M", "Henkes, M", "Kumle, B", "Russo, S G", "La Rosee, P"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518419", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A subgroup of patients with severe COVID-19 suffers from progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. These patients present with progressive hyperinflammation governed by proinflammatory cytokines. An interdisciplinary COVID-19 work flow was established to detect patients with imminent or full blown hyperinflammation. Using a newly developed COVID-19 Inflammation Score (CIS), patients were prospectively stratified for targeted inhibition of cytokine signalling by the Janus Kinase 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib (Rux). Patients were treated with efficacy/toxicity guided step up dosing up to 14 days. Retrospective analysis of CIS reduction and clinical outcome was performed. Out of 105 patients treated between March 30th and April 15th, 2020, 14 patients with a CIS \u2265 10 out of 16 points received Rux over a median of 9 days with a median cumulative dose of 135\u2009mg. A total of 12/14 patients achieved significant reduction of CIS by \u226525% on day 7 with sustained clinical improvement in 11/14 patients without short term red flag warnings of Rux-induced toxicity. Rux treatment for COVID-19 in patients with hyperinflammation is shown to be safe with signals of efficacy in this pilot case series for CRS-intervention to prevent or overcome multiorgan failure. A multicenter phase-II clinical trial has been initiated (NCT04338958)."}, {"pmid": 32525825, "title": "COVID-19, frailty and long-term care: Implications for policy and practice.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Andrew, Melissa", "Searle, Samuel D", "McElhaney, Janet E", "McNeil, Shelly A", "Clarke, Barry", "Rockwood, Kenneth", "Kelvin, David J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525825", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older adults have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with many outbreaks occurring in Long Term Care Facilities (LTCFs). We discuss this vulnerability among LTCF residents using an ecological framework, on levels spanning from the individual to families and caregivers, institutions, health services and systems, communities, and contextual government policies. Challenges abound for fully understanding the burden of COVID-19 in LTCF, including differences in nomenclature, data collection systems, cultural differences, varied social welfare models, and (often) under-resourcing of the LTC sector. Registration of cases and deaths may be limited by testing capacity and policy, record-keeping and reporting procedures. Hospitalization and death rates may be inaccurate depending on atypical presentations and whether or not residents' goals of care include escalation of care and transfer to hospital. Given the important contribution of frailty, use of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is discussed as a readily implementable measure, as are lessons learned from the study of frailty in relation to influenza. Biomarkers hold emerging promise in helping to predict disease severity and address the puzzle of why some frail LTCF residents are resilient to COVID-19, either remaining test-negative despite exposure or having asymptomatic infection, while others experience the full range of illness severity including critical illness and death. Strong and coordinated surveillance and research focused on LTCFs and their frail residents is required. These efforts should include widespread assessment of frailty using feasible and readily implementable tools such as the CFS, and rigorous reporting of morbidity and mortality in LTCFs."}, {"pmid": 32441462, "title": "Time to step up: A call to action for the clinical and quantitative pharmacology community to accelerate therapeutics for COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Transl Sci", "authors": ["Hartman, Dan", "Kern, Steven", "Brown, Fran", "Minton, Suzanne K", "Rayner, Craig R"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441462", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global response to finding therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is chaotic even if well intentioned. There is an opportunity, but more importantly, an obligation for the global clinical and quantitative pharmacology community to come together and use our state-of-the-art tools and expertise to help society accelerate therapeutics to fight COVID-19. This brief commentary is a call to action and highlights how the global pharmacology community should contribute to the COVID-19 pandemic and prepare for future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32525715, "title": "Multigroup, Adaptively Randomized Trials Are Advantageous for Comparing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Interventions.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Magaret, Amalia S", "Jacob, Shevin T", "Halloran, M Elizabeth", "Guthrie, Katherine A", "Magaret, Craig A", "Johnston, Christine", "Simon, Noah R", "Wald, Anna"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525715", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394986, "pmcid": "PMC7211595", "title": "[Medicine, epidemiology and humanism before and after COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Soriano, J B"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394986", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid propagation of SARS-CoV-2 requires the generation of evidence to help mitigate its global damage. The precise measurement with the appropriate clinical and epidemiological indicators associated with COVID-19 is a necessary step in reducing the individual and population burden of the current pandemic. These unprecedented times have raised a challenge for epidemiologists of chronic diseases and have required a practical approach \"to do something to help during this disaster\". The options include returning to clinical care or resorting to online textbooks and resources for accelerated courses on the research of outbreaks. However, being aware of the magnitude of individual suffering endured by so many, including many esteemed and close colleagues, becomes a personal challenge of enormous proportions. The arts and other forms of humanities can help re-establish equilibrium, both during the pandemic and especially after it."}, {"pmid": 32328510, "pmcid": "PMC7177124", "title": "Establishing Telemedicine in an Academic Total Joint Arthroplasty Practice: Needs and Opportunities Highlighted by the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Arthroplast Today", "authors": ["Rao, Sandesh S", "Loeb, Alexander E", "Amin, Raj M", "Golladay, Gregory J", "Levin, Adam S", "Thakkar, Savyasachi C"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328510", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted rapid restructuring of the healthcare system in an effort to stop the spread of the virus and to treat patients who are acutely ill with COVID-19, while continuing to provide outpatient care for the remainder of patients. To help control spread of this pandemic, many centers have boosted telemedicine capability to care for patients who would typically be seen in person in outpatient settings, including total joint arthroplasty clinics. We review key components relevant to the establishment and effective use of telemedicine, focused on patient education, practice logistics, technological considerations, and sensitive patient health information-associated compliance factors, which are necessary to provide care remotely for total joint arthroplasty patients."}, {"pmid": 32485437, "pmcid": "PMC7256551", "title": "Image-proven thromboembolism in patients with severe COVID-19 in a tertiary critical care unit in the United Kingdom.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Desborough, Michael J R", "Doyle, Andrew J", "Griffiths, Alexandra", "Retter, Andrew", "Breen, Karen A", "Hunt, Beverley J"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485437", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383989, "title": "The Silver Lining to COVID-19: Avoiding Diabetic Ketoacidosis Admissions with Telehealth.", "journal": "Diabetes Technol Ther", "authors": ["Peters, Anne L", "Garg, Satish K"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383989", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                     The Stay at Home order in Colorado and The Stay Safe at Home order in California during COVID-19 pandemic have forced a majority of the endocrinologists/diabetologists to adapt to providing diabetes care remotely through telehealth. This may provide increased access to diabetes health care in certain settings. However, health care disparities continue to challenge availability of diabetes technologies for underprivileged communities. We report our experience with two patients providing diabetes care effectively and preventing hospital admissions by using telehealth. \n                        Methods:\n                     Two adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D): one new onset and the other one with established T1D are presented where telehealth facilitated by Clarity Software and the \"Share\" feature with the use of Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for management of diabetic ketosis and hyperglycemia. \n                        Results:\n                     Both patients were managed effectively virtually despite higher risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Shared glucose data through CGM facilitated frequent insulin dose adjustments, increased fluid and carbohydrate intake, and prevented hospital admissions in both cases. In the case of new onset patient with T1D, most of the education was done remotely by certified diabetes care and education specialists. \n                        Conclusion:\n                     Acute diabetes complication like DKA increases morbidity and mortality in addition to adding cost to the health care system. The current pandemic of COVID-19 has allowed newer ways (with the help of newer technologies) to manage high-risk patients with T1D and DKA through telehealth and may result in lasting benefits to people with T1D."}, {"pmid": 32330209, "pmcid": "PMC7107203", "title": "A precision medicine approach to managing 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Precis Clin Med", "authors": ["Wang, Minjin", "Zhou, Yanbing", "Zong, Zhiyong", "Liang, Zongan", "Cao, Yu", "Tang, Hong", "Song, Bin", "Huang, Zixing", "Kang, Yan", "Feng, Ping", "Ying, Binwu", "Li, Weimin"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, several patients with pneumonia of an unknown cause were detected in Wuhan, China. On 7 January 2020, the causal organism was identified as a new coronavirus, later named as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Genome sequencing found the genetic sequence of 2019-nCoV homologous to that of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus. As of 29 January 2020, the virus had been diagnosed in more than 7000 patients in China and 77 patients in other countries. It is reported that both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with 2019-nCoV can play a role in disease transmission via airborne and contact. This finding has caused a great concern about the prevention of illness spread. The clinical features of the infection are not specific and are often indistinguishable from those of other respiratory infections, making it difficult to diagnose. Given that the virus has a strong ability to spread between individuals, it is of top priority to identify potential or suspected patients as soon as possible-or the virus may cause a serious pandemic. Therefore, a precision medicine approach to managing this disease is urgently needed for detecting and controlling the spread of the virus. In this article, we present such an approach to managing 2019-nCoV-related pneumonia based on the unique traits of the virus recently revealed and on our experience with coronaviruses at West China Hospital in Chengdu, China."}, {"pmid": 32336017, "pmcid": "PMC7267402", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on pituitary surgery.", "journal": "ANZ J Surg", "authors": ["Mitchell, Ruth A", "King, James A J", "Goldschlager, Tony", "Wang, Yi Yuen"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336017", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525867, "title": "Towards a better world after COVID-19.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Bagshaw, Phil", "Bagshaw, Sue"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525867", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515402, "title": "Publishing research during pandemics: are you vulnerable to the COVID-19 or predatory publishers?", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Memon, Aamir Raoof", "Rathore, Farooq Azam"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515402", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 outbreak has spread rapidly affecting 1.4 million people across the world in only four months. Healthcare fraternity is struggling to circumvent the consequences of this fast spreading infection and communicating their scientific discoveries through research publications. As a result, the scientific output on COVID-19 is growing rapidly and both the journal editors and authors are interested to publish results on scientific discoveries about it as soon as possible. However, novice and improperly trained authors are at high risk for getting duped by deceptive journals , which might keep their research unnoticed by the scientific and general community. This paper discusses these potential risks posed by deceptive (predatory) journals, for prospective authors and scientific community, during the COVID-19 outbreak. It also presents ways to address those risks and the role of journal editors and academic organisations."}, {"pmid": 32501756, "title": "Association of Hydroxychloroquine with QTc Interval in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Mazzanti, Andrea", "Briani, Martina", "Kukavica, Deni", "Bulian, Francesca", "Marelli, Stefano", "Trancuccio, Alessandro", "Monteforte, Nicola", "Manciulli, Tommaso", "Morini, Massimo", "Carlucci, Annalisa", "Viggiani, Giacomo", "Cannata, Francesco", "Negri, Sara", "Bloise, Raffaella", "Memmi, Mirella", "Gambelli, Patrick", "Carbone, Andrea", "Molteni, Martina", "Bianchini, Raffaella", "Salgarello, Rita", "Sozzi, Silvia", "De Cata, Pasquale", "Fanfulla, Francesco", "Ceriana, Piero", "Locatelli, Carlo", "Napolitano, Carlo", "Chiovato, Luca", "Tomasi, Luca", "Stefanini, Giulio", "Condorelli, Gianluigi", "Priori, Silvia G"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501756", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32133578, "pmcid": "PMC7088708", "title": "Review of the Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Jiang, Fang", "Deng, Liehua", "Zhang, Liangqing", "Cai, Yin", "Cheung, Chi Wai", "Xia, Zhengyuan"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133578", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, a cluster of cases with 2019 Novel Coronavirus pneumonia (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, aroused worldwide concern. Previous studies have reported epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this brief review is to summarize those published studies as of late February 2020 on the clinical features, symptoms, complications, and treatments of COVID-19 and help provide guidance for frontline medical staff in the clinical management of this outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32312781, "title": "Nafamostat Mesylate Blocks Activation of SARS-CoV-2: New Treatment Option for COVID-19.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Hoffmann, Markus", "Schroeder, Simon", "Kleine-Weber, Hannah", "Muller, Marcel A", "Drosten, Christian", "Pohlmann, Stefan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312781", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410748, "pmcid": "PMC7221398", "title": "COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre syndrome.", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410748", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216893, "pmcid": "PMC7270467", "title": "Initial Experience of an Emergency Department in Shenzhen in Responding to the Emerging Wuhan Coronavirus Pneumonia.", "journal": "Ann Emerg Med", "authors": ["Lu, Kai-Lin", "Chen, Shaoxi", "Leung, Ling-Pong"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216893", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350745, "pmcid": "PMC7189002", "title": "Recommendations for the organization of electrophysiology and cardiac pacing services during the COVID-19 pandemic : Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) in collaboration with: Colombian College Of Electrophysiology, Argentinian Society of Cardiac Electrophysiology (SADEC), Brazilian Society Of Cardiac Arrhythmias (SOBRAC), Mexican Society Of Cardiac Electrophysiology (SOMEEC).", "journal": "J Interv Card Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Saenz, Luis C", "Miranda, Antonio", "Speranza, Ricardo", "Texeira, Ricardo Alkmim", "Rojel, Ulises", "Enriquez, Andres", "Figuereido, Marcio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350745", "countries": ["Brazil", "Mexico", "Argentina"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a rapidly evolving public health emergency that has largely impacted the provision of healthcare services around the world. The challenge for electrophysiology teams is double; on one side preventing disease spread by limiting all nonessential face-to-face interactions, but at the same time ensuring continued care for patients who need it. These guidelines contain recommendations regarding triaging in order to define what procedures, device checks and clinic visits can be postponed during the pandemic. We also discuss best practices to protect patients and healthcare workers and provide guidance for the management of COVID-19 patients with arrhythmic conditions."}, {"pmid": 32022275, "pmcid": "PMC7166327", "title": "The first two cases of 2019-nCoV in Italy: Where they come from?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Giovanetti, Marta", "Benvenuto, Domenico", "Angeletti, Silvia", "Ciccozzi, Massimo"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32022275", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel Coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, has been identified as the causal pathogen of an ongoing epidemic, with the first cases reported in Wuhan, China, last December 2019, and has since spread to other countries worldwide, included Europe and very recently Italy. In this short report, phylogenetic reconstruction was used to better understand the transmission dynamics of the virus from its first introduction in China focusing on the more recent evidence of infection in a couple of Chinese tourists arrived in Italy on 23rd January 2020 and labeled as Coronavirus Italian cases. A maximum clade credibility tree has been built using a dataset of 54 genome sequences of 2019-nCoV plus two closely related bat strains (SARS-like CoV) available in GenBank. Bayesian time-scaled phylogenetic analysis was implemented in BEAST 1.10.4. The Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction showed that\u00a02019-2020 nCoV firstly introduced in Wuhan on 25 November 2019, started epidemic transmission reaching many countries worldwide, including Europe and Italy where the two strains isolated dated back 19 January 2020, the same that the Chinese tourists arrived in Italy. Strains isolated outside China were intermixed with strains isolated in China as evidence of likely imported cases in Rome, Italy, and Europe, as well. In conclusion, this report suggests that further spread of 2019-nCoV epidemic was supported by human mobility and that quarantine of suspected or diagnosed cases is useful to prevent further transmission. Viral genome phylogenetic analysis represents a useful tool for the evaluation of transmission dynamics and preventive action."}, {"pmid": 32100978, "title": "[Thoughts and suggestions on modern construction of disease prevention and control system].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Cheng, J Q"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100978", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The critical period for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in China, in response to requirements for accelerating the modernization of the disease prevention and control system, we analyzed and summarized the current situation, existing problems, and deficiencies in China's modernization of disease prevention and control system. In addition, we put forward the contents and countermeasures for the modernization of the disease prevention and control system. The modernization of the disease prevention and control system should be built around governance modernization, talent modernization, equipment modernization, scientific research modernization, and modernization of the regulatory system. The countermeasures and suggestions need to reposition the disease prevention and control system, rationalize the management system and operating mechanism, strengthen the modernization of talents and equipment, strengthen scientific research on disease prevention and control, and further improve the disease prevention and control legal system."}, {"pmid": 32358882, "pmcid": "PMC7261973", "title": "Comment on \"Antipsoriatic treatments during COVID-19 outbreak\".", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Abdelmaksoud, Ayman", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Vestita, Michelangelo"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358882", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514587, "title": "Oncocardiology: new challenges, new opportunities.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Michel, Lars", "Schadendorf, Dirk", "Rassaf, Tienush"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514587", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with cancer are at a\u00a0higher risk of cardiovascular disease, which contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. The rapid progress in the field of oncological treatments has led to a\u00a0steady increase in long-term cancer survivors. Care for cardiovascular complications is therefore becoming increasingly important. In addition, the establishment of new oncological therapies has resulted in the identification of previously unknown cardiovascular side effects. Oncocardiology aims to detect and treat cardiovascular diseases associated with cancer and cancer therapy. Continuous scientific, clinical, and structural developments are necessary as the basis for the best care of the growing number of affected patients. This review summarizes current developments in the field of oncocardiology with regard to advances in cancer therapy and challenges in clinical oncocardiology work. Cardiovascular side effects by targeted cancer therapies are characterized and recent advances in the field of cardiovascular diagnostics are outlined. Developments to better integrate oncocardiology into the medical care system and perspectives for modern, patient-oriented care are shown. In light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, current challenges and opportunities are highlighted. The relevance of profitable further advances in oncocardiology including standardized guidelines and educational programs is delineated as a\u00a0mandatory requirement for the successful development of oncocardiology."}, {"pmid": 32245814, "pmcid": "PMC7183199", "title": "Projecting hospital utilization during the COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Moghadas, Seyed M", "Shoukat, Affan", "Fitzpatrick, Meagan C", "Wells, Chad R", "Sah, Pratha", "Pandey, Abhishek", "Sachs, Jeffrey D", "Wang, Zheng", "Meyers, Lauren A", "Singer, Burton H", "Galvani, Alison P"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245814", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the wake of community coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission in the United States, there is a growing public health concern regarding the adequacy of resources to treat infected cases. Hospital beds, intensive care units (ICUs), and ventilators are vital for the treatment of patients with severe illness. To project the timing of the outbreak peak and the number of ICU beds required at peak, we simulated a COVID-19 outbreak parameterized with the US population demographics. In scenario analyses, we varied the delay from symptom onset to self-isolation, the proportion of symptomatic individuals practicing self-isolation, and the basic reproduction number R0 Without self-isolation, when R0 = 2.5, treatment of critically ill individuals at the outbreak peak would require 3.8 times more ICU beds than exist in the United States. Self-isolation by 20% of cases 24 h after symptom onset would delay and flatten the outbreak trajectory, reducing the number of ICU beds needed at the peak by 48.4% (interquartile range 46.4-50.3%), although still exceeding existing capacity. When R0 = 2, twice as many ICU beds would be required at the peak of outbreak in the absence of self-isolation. In this scenario, the proportional impact of self-isolation within 24 h on reducing the peak number of ICU beds is substantially higher at 73.5% (interquartile range 71.4-75.3%). Our estimates underscore the inadequacy of critical care capacity to handle the burgeoning outbreak. Policies that encourage self-isolation, such as paid sick leave, may delay the epidemic peak, giving a window of time that could facilitate emergency mobilization to expand hospital capacity."}, {"pmid": 32364121, "pmcid": "PMC7165292", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with diplopia and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Perez Alvarez, A I", "Suarez Cuervo, C", "Fernandez Menendez, S"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364121", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490846, "title": "Machine Learning to Detect Self-Reporting of Symptoms, Testing Access, and Recovery Associated With COVID-19 on Twitter: Retrospective Big Data Infoveillance Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Mackey, Tim", "Purushothaman, Vidya", "Li, Jiawei", "Shah, Neal", "Nali, Matthew", "Bardier, Cortni", "Liang, Bryan", "Cai, Mingxiang", "Cuomo, Raphael"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490846", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health emergency with over 6 million cases worldwide as of the beginning of June 2020. The pandemic is historic in scope and precedent given its emergence in an increasingly digital era. Importantly, there have been concerns about the accuracy of COVID-19 case counts due to issues such as lack of access to testing and difficulty in measuring recoveries. The aims of this study were to detect and characterize user-generated conversations that could be associated with COVID-19-related symptoms, experiences with access to testing, and mentions of disease recovery using an unsupervised machine learning approach. Tweets were collected from the Twitter public streaming application programming interface from March 3-20, 2020, filtered for general COVID-19-related keywords and then further filtered for terms that could be related to COVID-19 symptoms as self-reported by users. Tweets were analyzed using an unsupervised machine learning approach called the biterm topic model (BTM), where groups of tweets containing the same word-related themes were separated into topic clusters that included conversations about symptoms, testing, and recovery. Tweets in these clusters were then extracted and manually annotated for content analysis and assessed for their statistical and geographic characteristics. A total of 4,492,954 tweets were collected that contained terms that could be related to COVID-19 symptoms. After using BTM to identify relevant topic clusters and removing duplicate tweets, we identified a total of 3465 (<1%) tweets that included user-generated conversations about experiences that users associated with possible COVID-19 symptoms and other disease experiences. These tweets were grouped into five main categories including first- and secondhand reports of symptoms, symptom reporting concurrent with lack of testing, discussion of recovery, confirmation of negative COVID-19 diagnosis after receiving testing, and users recalling symptoms and questioning whether they might have been previously infected with COVID-19. The co-occurrence of tweets for these themes was statistically significant for users reporting symptoms with a lack of testing and with a discussion of recovery. A total of 63% (n=1112) of the geotagged tweets were located in the United States. This study used unsupervised machine learning for the purposes of characterizing self-reporting of symptoms, experiences with testing, and mentions of recovery related to COVID-19. Many users reported symptoms they thought were related to COVID-19, but they were not able to get tested to confirm their concerns. In the absence of testing availability and confirmation, accurate case estimations for this period of the outbreak may never be known. Future studies should continue to explore the utility of infoveillance approaches to estimate COVID-19 disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32404490, "pmcid": "PMC7246099", "title": "Is COVID-19 more severe in older men?", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Liang, Xiaopeng"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404490", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389757, "pmcid": "PMC7204759", "title": "Response letter: Handling of COVID-19 positive lung cancer patients during the pandemic.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Guckenberger, Matthias", "Palma, David A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470238, "title": "Taste and smell as chemosensory dysfunctions in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Am J Dent", "authors": ["Passarelli, Pier Carmine", "Lopez, Michele Antonio", "Mastandrea Bonaviri, Giuseppe Niccolo", "Garcia-Godoy, Franklin", "D'Addona, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470238", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To review the literature on the presence of two clinical manifestations in patients presenting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: loss of taste (ageusia) and loss of smell (anosmia). PubMed and EMBASE were searched and studies were selected starting from November, 2019 until April 2020; also, the references of the selected articles were evaluated for methodological quality. Of the 19 studies analyzed, five were included to evaluate the presence of ageusia and/or anosmia as symptoms in patients who were tested and resulted positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In a total of 10,818 patients, 8,823 presented ageusia (81.6%; range 5.6%-88%) and 8,088 presented anosmia (74.8%; range 5.1-85.6%). Only one study recorded both symptoms with a percentage of 18.6%. This systematic review demonstrated significant presence of ageusia and anosmia in the patients with COVID-19 infection. These symptoms may be considered as the first manifestation of the infection."}, {"pmid": 32289051, "pmcid": "PMC7129441", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia manifestations at the admission on chest ultrasound, radiographs, and CT: single-center study and comprehensive radiologic literature review.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol Open", "authors": ["Lomoro, Pascal", "Verde, Francesco", "Zerboni, Filippo", "Simonetti, Igino", "Borghi, Claudia", "Fachinetti, Camilla", "Natalizi, Anna", "Martegani, Alberto"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289051", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the imaging features of emerging COVID-19 pneumonia on chest ultrasound (US), radiographs (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) examinations performed at admission and to provide a comprehensive radiological literature review on ongoing radiological data from recent publications. In this retrospective single-center study, we enrolled consecutive patients from February 15, 2020, to March 15, 2020, with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized in Valduce Hospital (Como, Italy). Multi-modality imaging findings were evaluated and compared. Literature research was conducted through a methodical search on Pubmed and Embase databases. Fifty-eight patients (36 men, 22 women; age range, 18-98 years) were included in the study. Among these, chest US, CXR, and CT were performed respectively in twenty-two, thirty-two and forty-two patients. Lung US findings were consistent with diffuse B lines (100%) and subpleural consolidations (27.3%). CXR showed prevalent manifestations of consolidations (46.9%) and hazy increased opacities (37.5%). Typical CT features included bilateral and multilobar ground-glass opacities (GGO) with (59.5%) and without (35.7%) consolidations having a predominantly peripheral distribution (64.3%). Other imaging features included crazy paving pattern (57.1%), fibrous stripes (50%), subpleural lines (35.7%), architectural distortion (28.6%), air bronchogram sign (26.2%), vascular thickening (23.8%) and nodules (2.4%). Also, enlarged lymph nodes (14.3 %) and pleural effusion (7.1%) were observed. The literature review identified twenty-six original studies supporting our imaging chest findings. The spectrum of chest imaging manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia upon admission includes B-lines and consolidations on US, consolidations and hazy increased opacities on CXR, and multifocal GGO with consolidations on CT."}, {"pmid": 32422320, "pmcid": "PMC7228886", "title": "p38 MAPK inhibition: A promising therapeutic approach for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Mol Cell Cardiol", "authors": ["Grimes, Joseph M", "Grimes, Kevin V"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422320", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a major source of morbidity and mortality due to its inflammatory effects in the lungs and heart. The p38 MAPK pathway plays a crucial role in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and has been implicated in acute lung injury and myocardial dysfunction. The overwhelming inflammatory response in COVID-19 infection may be caused by disproportionately upregulated p38 activity, explained by two mechanisms. First, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity is lost during SARS-CoV-2 viral entry. ACE2 is highly expressed in the lungs and heart and converts Angiotensin II into Angiotensin 1-7. Angiotensin II signals proinflammatory, pro-vasoconstrictive, pro-thrombotic activity through p38 MAPK activation, which is countered by Angiotensin 1-7 downregulation of p38 activity. Loss of ACE2 upon viral entry may tip the balance towards destructive p38 signaling through Angiotensin II. Second, SARS-CoV was previously shown to directly upregulate p38 activity via a viral protein, similar to other RNA respiratory viruses that may hijack p38 activity to promote replication. Given the homology between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the latter may employ a similar mechanism. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 may induce overwhelming inflammation by directly activating p38 and downregulating a key inhibitory pathway, while simultaneously taking advantage of p38 activity to replicate. Therapeutic inhibition of p38 could therefore attenuate COVID-19 infection. Interestingly, a prior preclinical study showed protective effects of p38 inhibition in a SARS-CoV mouse model. A number of p38 inhibitors are in the clinical stage and should be considered for clinical trials in serious COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32315025, "pmcid": "PMC7188185", "title": "After the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Next Wave of Health Challenges for Older Adults.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Schrack, Jennifer A", "Wanigatunga, Amal A", "Juraschek, Stephen P"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335850, "pmcid": "PMC7183255", "title": "Addressing the needs of cancer survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Cancer Surviv", "authors": ["Nekhlyudov, Larissa", "Duijts, Saskia", "Hudson, Shawna V", "Jones, Jennifer M", "Keogh, Justin", "Love, Brad", "Lustberg, Maryam", "Smith, Katherine Clegg", "Tevaarwerk, Amye", "Yu, Xinhua", "Feuerstein, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313302, "pmcid": "PMC7164884", "title": "[Pregnancy and perinatal outcome of a woman with COVID-19 infection].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Gonzalez Romero, D", "Ocampo Perez, J", "Gonzalez Bautista, L", "Santana-Cabrera, L"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313302", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416901, "pmcid": "PMC7220170", "title": "Potential implications of SARS-CoV-2 on pregnancy.", "journal": "Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Tseng, Jen-Yu"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416901", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529409, "title": "Breast cancer care during a pandemic: an opportune time for cryoablation?", "journal": "Breast Cancer Res Treat", "authors": ["Holmes, Dennis R"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529409", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cryoablation is a minimally-invasive percutaneous procedure that is capable of reducing the\u00a0psychosocial burden of surgical delay while also decreasing the morbidity of breast cancer therapy. The purpose of this editorial is to discuss the potential role of cryoablation for reducing the psychosocial burden of surgical delay during the COVID-19 pandemic by expediting the management of breast cancer while also lessening demand on limited healthcare resources. This editorial critiques current expert opinion recommendations that aim to reduce viral transmission and preserve healthcare resources during the COVID-19 pandemic by advocating delay of elective breast cancer surgery. The editorial summarizes the current state of the evidence that supports the selective use of cryoablation as a definite or stopgap measure in the management of breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic or when healthcare resources are limited. As an office-based procedure performed under local anesthesia, cryoablation eliminates the need for operating room personnel and equipment while also reducing the psychosocial impact of delayed breast cancer surgery. By reducing the number of patient and healthcare provider interactions, cryoablation not only decreases the risk of viral transmission but also the need for personal protective devices during resource-limited times."}, {"pmid": 32420928, "title": "Stand by me 2.0. Visits by family members at Covid-19 time.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Carlucci, Matilde", "Carpagnano, Lucia Federica", "Dalfino, Lidia", "Grasso, Salvatore", "Migliore, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420928", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the complex health emergency situation of our country, the application of Information Technology tools has a decisive role in supporting health insurance, creating a highly performing and technologically advanced system that reduce distances, suffering of disease and the weight of necessary isolation. The theme of the humanization of care, understood as attention to the person as a whole, is a highly topical issue today. The humanization in the healthcare is intended as the ability to make the places of care and the same medical care practices more open, safer and painless, reconciling hospitality, information and comfort with care paths as much as possible in sharing with the patient and his family. Pursuing the purposes inherent in the concept of humanization of care and assistance, with the aim of offering Apulian citizens a complementary, but also fundamental, service in clinical-therapeutic assistance to the patient affected by COVID-19, in the hope of improving the quality of care, also in relation to the perception of the user, the Strategic Management of the AOU Policlinico of Bari has launched an experimental project that fits into the context of care quality, a crucial and not negligible issue, despite the extreme difficulties dictated by the ongoing medical emergency. The experimental project proposes an innovative clinical-organizational model which, through Information and Communications Technology (ICT), intends to make the management of COVID-19 patients optimal, safe and better, in all the spheres that jointly define the concept of Health."}, {"pmid": 32448499, "pmcid": "PMC7214328", "title": "COVID-19 Retesting in the Primary Care Setting.", "journal": "Am J Med Sci", "authors": ["Summer, Ashley K", "Summer, Ross S", "Solga, Steven F", "Spacek, Lisa A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448499", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450263, "pmcid": "PMC7244426", "title": "Letter to editor - Can universal masking help with our recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Chiang, Cho-Hung", "Chiang, Cho-Hsien", "Chiang, Cho-Han"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450263", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514174, "title": "A single-cell atlas of the peripheral immune response in patients with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Wilk, Aaron J", "Rustagi, Arjun", "Zhao, Nancy Q", "Roque, Jonasel", "Martinez-Colon, Giovanny J", "McKechnie, Julia L", "Ivison, Geoffrey T", "Ranganath, Thanmayi", "Vergara, Rosemary", "Hollis, Taylor", "Simpson, Laura J", "Grant, Philip", "Subramanian, Aruna", "Rogers, Angela J", "Blish, Catherine A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514174", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an urgent need to better understand the pathophysiology of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has infected more than three million people worldwide1. Approximately 20% of patients with COVID-19 develop severe disease and 5% of patients require intensive care2. Severe disease has been associated with changes in peripheral immune activity, including increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines3,4 that may be produced by a subset of inflammatory monocytes5,6, lymphopenia7,8 and T cell exhaustion9,10. To elucidate pathways in peripheral immune cells that might lead to immunopathology or protective immunity in severe COVID-19, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from seven patients hospitalized for COVID-19, four of whom had acute respiratory distress syndrome, and six healthy controls. We identify reconfiguration of peripheral immune cell phenotype in COVID-19, including a heterogeneous interferon-stimulated gene signature, HLA class II downregulation and a developing neutrophil population that appears closely related to plasmablasts appearing in patients with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Importantly, we found that peripheral monocytes and lymphocytes do not express substantial amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, we provide a cell atlas of the peripheral immune response to severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32495123, "pmcid": "PMC7266738", "title": "21-Day Lockdown in India Dramatically Reduced Air Pollution Indices in Lucknow and New Delhi, India.", "journal": "Bull Environ Contam Toxicol", "authors": ["Srivastava, Sudhakar", "Kumar, Amit", "Bauddh, Kuldeep", "Gautam, Alok Sagar", "Kumar, Sanjeev"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495123", "countries": ["China", "India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the outbreak of viral disease labeled as Novel Coronavirus started in Wuhan, China, which later came to be known as Covid-19. The disease has spread in almost every part of the world and has been declared a global pandemic in March 2020 by World Health Organization (WHO). The corona virus outbreak has emerged as one of the deadliest pandemics of all time in human history. The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has forced several countries of the world to observe complete lockdown forcing people to live in their homes. India also faced the phase of total lockdown for 21\u00a0days (in first phase) to avoid the spread of coronavirus to the maximum possible extent. This lockdown impacted the pollution levels of environment and improved air and water quality in the short span owing to very less human activities. The present work scientifically analyzed the available data for primary air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, SO2 and CO) from two major Indian cities, Lucknow and New Delhi. The analysis was based on air quality data for before lockdown and after lockdown (first phase of 21\u00a0days) periods of 21\u00a0days each. The results showed significant decline in the studied air pollution indices and demonstrated improvement of air quality in both the cities. The major impact was seen in the levels of PM2.5, NO2 and CO. The levels of SO2 showed less significant decline during the lockdown period. The results are presented with future perspectives to mitigate air pollution in near future by adopting the short and periodical lockdown as a tool."}, {"pmid": 32402433, "pmcid": "PMC7200359", "title": "Child with liver transplant recovers from COVID-19 infection. A case report.", "journal": "Arch Pediatr", "authors": ["Morand, Aurelie", "Roquelaure, Bertrand", "Colson, Philippe", "Amrane, Sophie", "Bosdure, Emmanuelle", "Raoult, Didier", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "Fabre, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402433", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the case of a 55-month-old girl who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection 5 months after undergoing liver transplantation; she had a co-infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a COVID-19 infection in a pediatric patient with liver transplantation. Additionally, this is also the first report of confirmed co-infection between COVID-19 and EBV. On the basis of this case, we suggest that liver transplantation is not associated with COVID-19 symptom severity and development. Moreover, COVID-19 and EBV co-infections do not seem to aggravate the clinical outcome."}, {"pmid": 32340538, "title": "Tracheostomy Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Goldman, Richard A", "Swendseid, Brian", "Chan, Jason Y K", "Lewandowski, Michelle", "Adams, Jacqueline", "Purcell, Monica", "Cognetti, David M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to unprecedented demands on the modern health care system, and the highly contagious nature of the virus has led to particular concerns of infection among health care workers and transmission within health care facilities. While strong data regarding the transmissibility of the infection are not yet widely available, preliminary information suggests risk of transmission among asymptomatic individuals, including those within health care facilities. We believe that the presence of a tracheostomy or laryngectomy stoma poses a unique risk of droplet and aerosol spread particularly among patients with unsuspected infection. At our institution, guidelines for the care of open airways were developed by a multidisciplinary open airway working group, and here we review those recommendations to provide practical guidance to other institutions."}, {"pmid": 32297939, "pmcid": "PMC7184515", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and Legionella co-infection in a person returning from a Nile cruise.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Arashiro, Takeshi", "Nakamura, Satoshi", "Asami, Takahiro", "Mikuni, Hatsuko", "Fujiwara, Emiyu", "Sakamoto, So", "Miura, Ryotaro", "Shionoya, Yosuke", "Honda, Ryoichi", "Furukawa, Keiichi", "Nakamura, Akira", "Saito, Haruhisa"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297939", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505251, "title": "Quality of primary health care in China: challenges and recommendations.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Li, Xi", "Krumholz, Harlan M", "Yip, Winnie", "Cheng, Kar Keung", "De Maeseneer, Jan", "Meng, Qingyue", "Mossialos, Elias", "Li, Chuang", "Lu, Jiapeng", "Su, Meng", "Zhang, Qiuli", "Xu, Dong Roman", "Li, Liming", "Normand, Sharon-Lise T", "Peto, Richard", "Li, Jing", "Wang, Zengwu", "Yan, Hongbing", "Gao, Runlin", "Chunharas, Somsak", "Gao, Xin", "Guerra, Raniero", "Ji, Huijie", "Ke, Yang", "Pan, Zhigang", "Wu, Xianping", "Xiao, Shuiyuan", "Xie, Xinying", "Zhang, Yujuan", "Zhu, Jun", "Zhu, Shanzhu", "Hu, Shengshou"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505251", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "China has substantially increased financial investment and introduced favourable policies for strengthening its primary health care system with core responsibilities in preventing and managing chronic diseases such as hypertension and emerging infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, widespread gaps in the quality of primary health care still exist. In this Review, we aim to identify the causes for this poor quality, and provide policy recommendations. System challenges include: the suboptimal education and training of primary health-care practitioners, a fee-for-service payment system that incentivises testing and treatments over prevention, fragmentation of clinical care and public health service, and insufficient continuity of care throughout the entire health-care system. The following recommendations merit consideration: (1) enhancement of the quality of training for primary health-care physicians, (2) establishment of performance accountability to incentivise high-quality and high-value care; (3) integration of clinical care with the basic public health services, and (4) strengthening of the coordination between primary health-care institutions and hospitals. Additionally, China should consider modernising its primary health-care system through the establishment of a learning health system built on digital data and innovative technologies."}, {"pmid": 32164400, "title": "[Epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Tianjin].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Dong, X C", "Li, J M", "Bai, J Y", "Liu, Z Q", "Zhou, P H", "Gao, L", "Li, X Y", "Zhang, Y"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32164400", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 135 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Tianjin. Methods: The clinical and epidemiological data of 135 cases of COVID-19 in Tianjin were collected, and the data were analyzed with descriptive method. The factors influencing the severity of the illness were analyzed. Results: Among the 135 COVID-19 cases, 72 were males and 63 were females, the age of the cases was (48.62\u00b116.83) years, and the case fatality rate was 2.22%. Local transmission caused 74.81% of the cases. A total of 33 clusters occurred, involving 85.92% of all COVID-19 cases. The median of the incubation period of COVID-19 was 6.50 days, the average generation interval was 5 days, and the household secondary transmission rate was 20.46%. Fever was the main symptom (78.63%), followed by cough (56.48%). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that age (OR=1.038, 95%CI: 1.010-1.167) and the number of chronic underlying diseases (OR=1.709, 95%CI: 1.052-2.777) were the risk factors of severe illness. Conclusions: Fever was the main symptom at the early phase of COVID-19 in Tianjin, and the local cluster cases accounted for high proportion in confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in Tianjin. Severe illness was prone to occur in people with old age and multi underlying diseases. Strict isolation of close contacts and intensive care of high-risk groups are the main measures to reduce the morbidity and case fatality of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32246136, "pmcid": "PMC7184402", "title": "Coronavirus occurrence and transmission over 8 years in the HIVE cohort of households in Michigan.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Monto, Arnold S", "DeJonge, Peter", "Callear, Amy P", "Bazzi, Latifa A", "Capriola, Skylar", "Malosh, Ryan E", "Martin, Emily T", "Petrie, Joshua G"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246136", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As part of the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) study, acute respiratory infections (ARI) have been identified in children and adults over 8 years. Annually, 890 to 1441 individuals were followed and contacted weekly to report ARIs. Specimens collected during illness were tested for human coronaviruses (HCoV) types OC43, 229E, HKU1, and NL63. In total, 993 HCoV infections were identified over 8 years, with OC43 most commonly seen and 229E the least. HCoVs were detected in a limited time period, between December and April/May, and peaked in January/February. Highest infection frequency was in children <5 years (18 per 100 person-years), with little variation in older age groups (range: 7 to 11 per 100 person-years). Overall, 9% of adult cases and 20% of cases in children were associated with medical consultation. Of the 993 infections, 260 were acquired from an infected household contact. The serial interval between index and household-acquired cases ranged from 3.2 to 3.6 days and the secondary infection risk ranged from 7.2% to 12.6% by type. Coronaviruses are sharply seasonal. They appear, based on serial interval and secondary infection risk, to have similar transmission potential to influenza A(H3N2) in the same population."}, {"pmid": 32369639, "title": "Pre-registration undergraduate nurses and the COVID-19 pandemic: Students or workers?", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Hayter, Mark", "Jackson, Debra"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369639", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414544, "pmcid": "PMC7151284", "title": "Thoracic Anesthesia of Patients With Suspected or Confirmed 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection: Preliminary Recommendations for Airway Management by the European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology Thoracic Subspecialty Committee.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Senturk, Mert", "El Tahan, Mohamed R", "Szegedi, Laszlo L", "Marczin, Nandor", "Karzai, Waheedullah", "Shelley, Ben", "Piccioni, Federico", "Granell Gil, Manuel", "Rex, Steffen", "Sorbello, Massimiliano", "Bence, Johan", "Cohen, Edmond", "Gregorio, Guido Di", "Kawagoe, Izumi", "Globokar, Mojca Drnovsek", "Jimenez, Maria-Jose", "Licker, Marc-Joseph", "Mourisse, Jo", "Mukherjee, Chirojit", "Navarro, Ricard", "Neskovic, Vojislava", "Paloczi, Balazs", "Paternoster, Gianluca", "Pelosi, Paolo", "Salaheldeen, Ahmed", "Stoica, Radu", "Unzueta, Carmen", "Vanpeteghem, Caroline", "Vegh, Tamas", "Wouters, Patrick", "Yapici, Davud", "Guarracino, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414544", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus has caused a pandemic around the world. Management of patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus infection who have to undergo thoracic surgery will be a challenge for the anesthesiologists. The thoracic subspecialty committee of European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology (EACTA) has conducted a survey of opinion in order to create recommendations for the anesthetic approach to these challenging patients. It should be emphasized that both the management of the infected patient with COVID-19 and the self-protection of the anesthesia team constitute a complicated challenge. The text focuses therefore on both important topics."}, {"pmid": 32377015, "pmcid": "PMC7201202", "title": "The multifaceted long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on urology.", "journal": "Nat Rev Urol", "authors": ["Morlacco, Alessandro", "Motterle, Giovanni", "Zattoni, Filiberto"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377015", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458787, "title": "Concealment of Potential Exposure to COVID-19 and Its Impact on Outbreak Control: Lessons from the HIV Response.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Teo, Alvin Kuo Jing", "Tan, Rayner Kay Jin", "Prem, Kiesha"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458787", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Globally, more than 4 million people have been infected with COVID-19, and more than 300,000 deaths have been reported across 188 countries. Concealment of one's potential exposure to the virus has negative implications for the spread of COVID-19 across the socio-ecological spectrum, including the futility of contact-tracing efforts, exposure of frontline staff, and the spread of COVID-19 in the community. We draw lessons learned from HIV to discuss stigma and the attribution of blame surrounding the phenomenon of concealment of one's potential exposure to COVID-19 using a socio-ecological perspective. This article also illustrates the psychosocial aspect of the disease, and the negative repercussions of concealment of potential exposure on transmission in the community and to front-liners, healthcare resources, and outbreak containment."}, {"pmid": 32424023, "title": "Indoor temperature and relative humidity in hospitals: workplace considerations during the novel coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Quraishi, Sadeq A", "Berra, Lorenzo", "Nozari, Ala"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424023", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329878, "title": "Deep thought of COVID-19 based on Diamond Princess's quarantine and home quarantine.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Xu, J-W", "Wang, X-Y", "Qin, Z", "Song, H-L", "Wang, H", "Luo, H-Y", "Ye, L", "Feng, Z-H"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Not Available."}, {"pmid": 32378315, "pmcid": "PMC7267171", "title": "Use of Face Masks in Dermatology Department During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Goldust, Mohamad", "Kroumpouzos, George", "Murrell, Dedee F", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Wollina, Uwe", "Shivakumar, Swathi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378315", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445288, "title": "Challenges and strategies to research ethics in conducting COVID-19 research.", "journal": "J Evid Based Med", "authors": ["Ma, Xitao", "Wang, Yanqiao", "Gao, Tian", "He, Qing", "He, Yan", "Yue, Rensong", "You, Fengming", "Tang, Jianyuan"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445288", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of research involving human subjects on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is surging, bringing challenges to the ethical review committee (ERC) in terms of reviewing speed and special ethical considerations under the pandemic. However, the existing ethical review system and regulations have their limitations to meet the demand for a prompt and efficient epidemic control. Since the research under the public health emergency is different from that carried out in familiar situations to design and implementation, the strategy for a satisfactory ERC response should balance the duty of protecting individual participants as well as the special public needs derived from the disease control. It is suggested that the ethical review-related regulations need to be updated, and a unified supervision system to the overall ERC is required. ERC collaboration, capacity-improving and efficiency-improving measures need to be taken. With respect to the reviewing guidelines, it is suggested that the international norms should be explained with more consideration of the local condition and the exceptional circumstances in this public health emergency. A joint effort needs to be taken for better research conduction."}, {"pmid": 32352407, "title": "Preventing cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19 using alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Konig, Maximilian F", "Powell, Mike", "Staedtke, Verena", "Bai, Ren-Yuan", "Thomas, David L", "Fischer, Nicole", "Huq, Sakibul", "Khalafallah, Adham M", "Koenecke, Allison", "Xiong, Ruoxuan", "Mensh, Brett", "Papadopoulos, Nickolas", "Kinzler, Kenneth W", "Vogelstein, Bert", "Vogelstein, Joshua T", "Athey, Susan", "Zhou, Shibin", "Bettegowda, Chetan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352407", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369865, "title": "Considerations for pharmacoepidemiological analyses in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf", "authors": ["Pottegard, Anton", "Kurz, Xavier", "Moore, Nicholas", "Christiansen, Christian F", "Klungel, Olaf"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369865", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered several hypotheses regarding use of specific medicines and risk of infection as well as prognosis. Under these unique circumstances, rapid answers require quick engagement in data collection and analyses; however, appropriate design and conduct of pharmacoepidemiologic studies are needed to generate valid and reliable evidence. In this paper, endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology, we provide methodological considerations for the conduct of pharmacoepidemiological studies in relation to the pandemic across eight domains: (1) timeliness of evidence, including the need to prioritise some questions over others in the acute phase of the pandemic; (2) the need to align observational and interventional research on efficacy; (3) the specific challenges related to \"real-time epidemiology\" during an ongoing pandemic; (4) what design to use to answer a specific question; (5) considerations on the definition of exposures; (6) what covariates to collect; (7) considerations on the definition of outcomes; and (8) the need for transparent reporting."}, {"pmid": 32340893, "pmcid": "PMC7167226", "title": "Community pharmacists: On the frontline of health service against COVID-19 in LMICs.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Hedima, Erick Wesley", "Adeyemi, Michael Samuel", "Ikunaiye, Nasiru Yakubu"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340893", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is a global public health crisis which has affected healthcare practice across professions. In the context of this pandemic, there is a need to highlight the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists. Community pharmacists are the most accessible healthcare professionals to the general public and have a lot to offer amid the COVID-19 response. This have led to significant changes in the health systems of many countries. This article seeks to highlight additional roles and activities relating to the public health response that can be undertaken by community pharmacists that could help to reduce pressure on general practice and other areas of the health service."}, {"pmid": 32278755, "pmcid": "PMC7146713", "title": "COVID-19 Guidance for Triage of Operations for Thoracic Malignancies: A Consensus Statement from Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The extraordinary demands of managing the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the world's ability to care for patients with thoracic malignancies. As a hospital's COVID-19 population increases and hospital resources are depleted, the ability to provide surgical care is progressively restricted - forcing surgeons to prioritize among their cancer populations. Representatives from multiple cancer, surgical and research organizations have come together to provide a guide for triaging patients with thoracic malignancies, as the impact of COVID-19 evolves as each hospital."}, {"pmid": 32433260, "title": "Where Have All the Fractures Gone? The Epidemiology of Pediatric Fractures During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Pediatr Orthop", "authors": ["Bram, Joshua T", "Johnson, Mitchell A", "Magee, Lacey C", "Mehta, Nishank N", "Fazal, Faris Z", "Baldwin, Keith D", "Riley, Jake", "Shah, Apurva S"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433260", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health measures to encourage social distancing have been implemented, including cancellation of school and organized sports. A resulting change in pediatric fracture epidemiology is expected. This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fracture incidence and characteristics. This is a retrospective cohort study comparing acute fractures presenting to a single level I pediatric trauma hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic with fractures during a prepandemic period at the same institution. The \"pandemic\" cohort was gathered from March 15 to April 15, 2020 and compared with a \"prepandemic\" cohort from the same time window in 2018 and 2019. In total, 1745 patients presenting with acute fractures were included. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of fractures presenting to our practice during the pandemic (22.5\u00b19.1/d vs. 9.6\u00b15.1/d, P<0.001). The presenting age for all fractures decreased during the pandemic (7.5\u00b14.3 vs. 9.4\u00b14.4\u2009y, P<0.001) because of decreased fracture burden among adolescents. There were also a decrease in the number of fractures requiring surgery (2.2\u00b11.8/d vs. 0.8\u00b10.8/d, P<0.001). During the pandemic, there was an increase in the proportion of injuries occurring at home (57.8% vs. 32.5%, P<0.001) or on bicycles (18.3% vs. 8.2%, P<0.001), but a decrease in those related to sports (7.2% vs. 26.0%, P<0.001) or playgrounds (5.2% vs. 9.0%, P<0.001). There was no increase in time-to-presentation. Patients with distal radius torus fractures were more likely to receive a velcro splint during the pandemic (44.2% vs. 25.9%, P=0.010). Pediatric fracture volume has decreased 2.5-fold during the COVID-19 pandemic, partially because of cessation of organized sports and decreased playground use. In endemic regions, lower trauma volume may allow redeployment of orthopaedic surgeons and staff to other clinical arenas. Given the rising proportion of bicycling injuries, an emphasis on basic safety precautions could improve public health. An observed increase in the prescription of velcro splints for distal radius fractures highlights an opportunity for simplified patient care during the pandemic. Level III."}, {"pmid": 32362425, "pmcid": "PMC7177129", "title": "COVID-19: Anesthesia Management Recommendations.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Herman, Jared A", "Urits, Ivan", "Kaye, Alan D", "Urman, Richard D", "Viswanath, Omar"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362425", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407178, "title": "Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Emergency Restructuring in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic-Henry Ford Hospital, Michigan.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Balanchivadze, Nino", "Donthireddy, Vijayalakshmi"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407178", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc and created challenges in various subspecialty training programs, including hematology/oncology fellowship programs. The challenge of social distancing, providing care for those infected by COVID-19, continuing appropriate treatment of time-sensitive diseases, and the looming threat of health care worker infections required swift planning and restructuring of training programs. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education provided leeway to tackle the challenges faced by institutions and training programs in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, there is no established guideline specific to hematology and oncology fellowship programs. While understanding that there is no one-size-fits-all, shared experiences can assist training programs to incorporate best practices and customize their programs to provide an active educational environment that balances patient care needs, didactics, scholarly activities, and wellbeing during the process of rapid changes and adaptation. We share our hematology/oncology fellowship program's restructuring approach in response to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32390080, "pmcid": "PMC7211268", "title": "Role of doctors in epidemics: historical perspectives and implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Lippi, Donatella", "Bianucci, Raffaella", "Donell, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390080", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333451, "title": "COVID-19 and Underinvestment in the Health of the US Population.", "journal": "Milbank Q", "authors": ["Maani, Nason", "Galea, Sandro"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333451", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425308, "pmcid": "PMC7232067", "title": "Covid-19 disease will cause a global catastrophe in terms of mental health: A hypothesis.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Izaguirre-Torres, Delia", "Siche, Raul"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425308", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405836, "pmcid": "PMC7220599", "title": "[Which diet during the Corona pandemic?]", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Hauner, Hans"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405836", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267008, "pmcid": "PMC7262023", "title": "Critically ill COVID-19 infected patients exhibit increased clot waveform analysis parameters consistent with hypercoagulability.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Tan, Chuen Wen", "Low, Jenny Guek Hong", "Wong, Wan Hui", "Chua, Ying Ying", "Goh, Sher Li", "Ng, Heng Joo"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267008", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527575, "pmcid": "PMC7177138", "title": "India Fights Back: COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Lal, Amos", "Sahu, Shamendra Anand"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527575", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330429, "pmcid": "PMC7173831", "title": "Not a luxury: a call to maintain sexual and reproductive health in humanitarian and fragile settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Tran, Nguyen Toan", "Tappis, Hannah", "Spilotros, Nathaly", "Krause, Sandra", "Knaster, Sarah"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330429", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513677, "title": "Covid-19: Drug firms warn stockpiles have been eroded amid fears of no deal Brexit.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513677", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298984, "pmcid": "PMC7146694", "title": "Estimation of effects of nationwide lockdown for containing coronavirus infection on worsening of glycosylated haemoglobin and increase in diabetes-related complications: A simulation model using multivariate regression analysis.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ghosal, Samit", "Sinha, Binayak", "Majumder, Milan", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298984", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "and aims: To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID19) total lockdown is in place in India from March 24, 2020 for 21 days. In this study, we aim to assess the impact of the duration of the lockdown on glycaemic control and diabetes-related complications. A systematic search was conducted using Cochrane library. A simulation model was created using glycemic data from previous disasters (taken as similar in impact to current lockdown) taking baseline HBA1c and diabetes-related complications data from India-specific database. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to analyse the relationship between the duration of lockdown and glycaemic targets & diabetes-related complications. The predictive model was extremely robust (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.99) and predicted outcomes for period of lockdown up to 90 days. The predicted increment in HBA1c from baseline at the end of 30 days and 45 days lockdown was projected as 2.26% & 3.68% respectively. Similarly, the annual predicted percentage increase in complication rates at the end of 30-day lockdown was 2.8% for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 2.9% for proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 1.5% for retinal photocoagulation, 9.3% for microalbuminuria, 14.2% for proteinuria, 2.9% for peripheral neuropathy, 10.5% for lower extremity amputation, 0.9% for myocardial infarction, 0.5% for stroke and 0.5% for infections. The duration of lockdown is directly proportional to the worsening of glycaemic control and diabetes-related complications. Such increase in diabetes-related complications will put additional load on overburdened healthcare system, and also increase COVID19 infections in patients with such uncontrolled glycemia."}, {"pmid": 32232402, "pmcid": "PMC7184463", "title": "COVID-19 epidemic: disentangling the re-emerging controversy about medical facemasks from an epidemiological perspective.", "journal": "Int J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chan, Ka Hung", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232402", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499385, "title": "NSAIDs for analgesia in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Herzberg, Daniel L", "Sukumaran, Harry P", "Viscusi, Eugene"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499385", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Globally, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are highly used to treat pain. With the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic, the safety of NSAIDs use has been called into question. These concerns are worthy of review. At present, there is no compelling data showing that NSAIDs worsen the severity of COVID-19 symptoms or increase one's likelihood of contracting the illness. For patients in pain and without symptoms that could potentially be attributed to COVID-19 (cough, fevers/chills, lethargy, myalgias, anosmia and so on), NSAIDs should continue to remain a viable option to provide analgesia to patients in need."}, {"pmid": 32342259, "pmcid": "PMC7184942", "title": "The Virus that Changed Spain: Impact of COVID-19 on People with HIV.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Ballester-Arnal, Rafael", "Gil-Llario, Maria Dolores"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342259", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222700, "title": "On the Frontline of the COVID-19 Outbreak: Keeping Patients on Long-Term Dialysis Safe.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Watnick, Suzanne", "McNamara, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422197, "pmcid": "PMC7228712", "title": "Who is most likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jordan, Rachel E", "Adab, Peymane"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291137, "pmcid": "PMC7151347", "title": "Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)?", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Liu, Bingwen", "Li, Min", "Zhou, Zhiguang", "Guan, Xuan", "Xiang, Yufei"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291137", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiorgan dysfunction are among the leading causes of death in critically ill patients with COVID-19. The elevated inflammatory cytokines suggest that a cytokine storm, also known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), may play a major role in the pathology of COVID-19. However, the efficacy of corticosteroids, commonly utilized antiinflammatory agents, to treat COVID-19-induced CRS is controversial. There is an urgent need for novel therapies to treat COVID-19-induced CRS. Here, we discuss the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-induced CRS, compare the CRS in COVID-19 with that in SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and summarize the existing therapies for CRS. We propose to utilize interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade to manage COVID-19-induced CRS and discuss several factors that should be taken into consideration for its clinical application."}, {"pmid": 32212881, "pmcid": "PMC7117596", "title": "Controversies about COVID-19 and anticancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.", "journal": "Immunotherapy", "authors": ["Bersanelli, Melissa"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212881", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316979, "pmcid": "PMC7171915", "title": "Baby pangolins on my plate: possible lessons to learn from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Ethnobiol Ethnomed", "authors": ["Volpato, Gabriele", "Fontefrancesco, Michele F", "Gruppuso, Paolo", "Zocchi, Dauro M", "Pieroni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (JEET), throughout its 15 years of existence, has tried to provide a respected outlet for scientific knowledge concerning the inextricable links between human societies and nature, food, and health. Ethnobiology and ethnomedicine-centred research has moved at the (partially artificial and fictitious) interface between nature and culture and has investigated human consumption of wild foods and wild animals, as well as the use of wild animals or their parts for medicinal and other purposes, along with the associated knowledge, skills, practices, and beliefs. Little attention has been paid, however, to the complex interplay of social and cultural\u00a0reasons behind the increasing pressure on wildlife. The available literature suggest that there are two main drivers that enhance the necessary conditions for infectious diseases\u00a0to cross the species barrier from wild animals to humans: (1) the encroachment of human activities (e.g., logging, mining, agricultural expansion) into wild areas and forests and consequent ecological disruptions; and, connected to the former, (2) the commodification of wild animals (and natural resources in general) and an expanding demand and market for wild meat and live wild animals, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical areas. In particular, a crucial role may have\u00a0been played by the bushmeat-euphoria and attached elitist gastronomies and conspicuous consumption phenomena. The\u00a0COVID-19 pandemic\u00a0will likely require\u00a0ethnobiologists to reschedule research agendas and to envision new epistemological trajectories aimed at more effectively\u00a0mitigating the mismanagement of natural resources that ultimately threats our and other beings' existence."}, {"pmid": 32424745, "pmcid": "PMC7234446", "title": "SARS-COV-2 infection in children and newborns: a systematic review.", "journal": "Eur J Pediatr", "authors": ["Liguoro, Ilaria", "Pilotto, Chiara", "Bonanni, Margherita", "Ferrari, Maria Elena", "Pusiol, Anna", "Nocerino, Agostino", "Vidal, Enrico", "Cogo, Paola"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424745", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent outbreak of a novel Coronavirus responsible for a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally. The aim of this study was to systematically review main clinical characteristics and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatric age. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed database. Papers published between 1 January and 1 May 2020 including children aged 0-18\u00a0years were selected. Sixty-two studies and three reviews were included, with a total sample size of 7480 children (2428/4660 males, 52.1%; weighted mean age 7.6\u00a0years). Patients showed mainly mild (608/1432, 42.5%) and moderate (567/1432, 39.6%) signs of the infection. About 2% of children were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. The most commonly described symptoms were fever (51.6%) and cough (47.3%). Laboratory findings were often unremarkable. Children underwent a chest CT scan in 73.9% of all cases, and 32.7% resulted normal. Overall, the estimated mortality was 0.08%. A higher proportion of newborns was severely ill (12%) and dyspnea was the most common reported sign (40%).Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 affects children less severely than adults. Laboratory and radiology findings are mainly nonspecific. Larger epidemiological and clinical cohort studies are needed to better understand possible implications of COVID-19 infection in children.What is Known:\u2022 A novel Coronavirus has been recently identified as responsible for a new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) spreading globally.\u2022 There is limited evidence on SARS-CoV2 infection in children.What is New:\u2022 Systematically reviewed available evidence showed that children with SARS-CoV-2 infection may have a less severe pattern of disease in comparison to adults.\u2022 Blood tests and radiology findings are mainly nonspecific in children but may help to identify those who are severely ill."}, {"pmid": 32171806, "pmcid": "PMC7156803", "title": "Behavioral considerations and impact on personal protective equipment use: Early lessons from the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Kantor, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171806", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365287, "title": "Emergency department COVID management policies: one institution's experience and lessons learned.", "journal": "Emerg Med Pract", "authors": ["Leibner, Evan S", "Stokes, Sonya", "Ahmad, Danish", "Legome, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365287", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in late 2019 and grew rapidly into a pandemic. As of the writing of this monograph, there are over 2 million confirmed cases worldwide and 147,000 deaths. New York City, with over 120,000 COVID-19-positive patients and over 11,000 deaths, has become the infection epicenter in the United States. The Mount Sinai Health System, with 8 hospitals spread across New York City and Long Island, has been on the forefront of the pandemic. This compendium summarizes the lessons learned through interdisciplinary collaborations to meet the varied challenges created by the explosive appearance of the infection in our community, and will be updated continuously as new research and best practices emerge. It is our hope is that the collaborations and lessons learned that went into creating these guidelines and protocols can serve as a useful template for other systems to adapt to their fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32241306, "pmcid": "PMC7163190", "title": "Harmonizing the COVID-19 cacophony: People need guidance.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Arif, Taha Bin", "Ali, Aiman"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459672, "title": "Routine Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis May Be Inadequate in the Hypercoagulable State of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Maatman, Thomas K", "Jalali, Farid", "Feizpour, Cyrus", "Douglas, Anthony 2nd", "McGuire, Sean P", "Kinnaman, Gabriel", "Hartwell, Jennifer L", "Maatman, Benjamin T", "Kreutz, Rolf P", "Kapoor, Rajat", "Rahman, Omar", "Zyromski, Nicholas J", "Meagher, Ashley D"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459672", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of venous thromboembolism in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients and associate a degree of inflammatory marker elevation to venous thromboembolism development. An observational study that identified patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 between March 12, 2020, and March 31, 2020. Data reported are those available through May 6, 2020. A multicenter study including three Indianapolis area academic hospitals. Two-hundred forty consecutive patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection were admitted to one of three hospitals. One-hundred nine critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients admitted to the ICU were included in the analysis. All patients received routine subcutaneous chemical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. The primary outcome of this study was to determine the frequency of venous thromboembolism and the degree of inflammatory and coagulation marker elevation associated with venous thromboembolism development. Descriptive statistics outlined the frequency of venous thromboembolism at any time during severe coronavirus disease 2019. Clinical course and laboratory metrics were compared between patients that developed venous thromboembolism and patients that did not develop venous thromboembolism. Hypercoagulable thromboelastography was defined as two or more hypercoagulable parameters. One-hundred nine patients developed severe coronavirus disease 2019 requiring ICU care. The mean (\u00b1 SD) age was 61 \u00b1 16 years and 57% were male. Seventy-five patients (69%) were discharged home, 7 patients (6%) remain in the hospital, and 27 patients (25%) died. Venous thromboembolism was diagnosed in 31 patients (28%) 8 \u00b1 7 days after hospital admission, including two patients diagnosed with venous thromboembolism at presentation to the hospital. Elevated admission D-dimer and peak D-dimer were associated with venous thromboembolism development (p < 0.05). D-dimer greater than 2,600 ng/mL predicted venous thromboembolism with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.760 (95% CI, 0.661-0.858; p < 0.0001), sensitivity of 89.7%, and specificity of 59.5%. Twelve patients (11%) had thromboelastography performed and 58% of these patients had a hypercoagulable study. The calculated coagulation index was hypercoagulable in 50% of patients with thromboelastography. These data show that coronavirus disease 2019 results in a hypercoagulable state. Routine chemical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis may be inadequate in preventing venous thromboembolism in severe coronavirus disease 2019."}, {"pmid": 32523142, "title": "Lung ultrasound for the identification of COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Gopar-Nieto, Rodrigo", "Rivas-Lasarte, Mercedes", "Moya-Alvarez, Alejandro", "Garcia-Cruz, Edgar", "Manzur-Sandoval, Daniel", "Arias-Mendoza, Alexandra", "Martinez, Daniel Sierra-Lara", "Araiza-Garaygordobil, Diego"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523142", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 infection has as a clinical manifestation the disease known as COVID-19. Although knowledge of the nature of the disease is dynamic, with dozens of scientific articles being published every day about new features of COVID-19, the typical presentation is that of interstitial pneumonia. Despite the large amount of information that has been developed in recent weeks, it has been estimated that this disease can have up to 72% underdiagnosis, which requires clinical tools that are simple, easily accessible, and increase the detection of cases in a feasible way and that yield information with prognostic value. Given this need, some proposals have emerged to be able to diagnose, monitor and respond to the treatment of patients with COVID-19, such as pulmonary ultrasound (USP). It is worth mentioning that the USP has proven to be an efficient and easily reproducible technique for diagnosing heart failure and pleuro-pulmonary pathologies, especially in critically ill patients. Evidence of the usefulness of USP in COVID-19 is still scarce, although preliminary, it seems to be a sensitive technique whose findings have a high gold standard. In this brief review we will emphasize its technical aspects, the advantages and disadvantages, and finally a proposal for the approach in this type of patient."}, {"pmid": 32501309, "pmcid": "PMC7241349", "title": "The future of business education: A commentary in the shadow of the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Bus Res", "authors": ["Krishnamurthy, Sandeep"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501309", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted business schools worldwide mainly through the shift to emergency remote teaching. I provide a rudimentary framework to understand this transformation through recognizing the changes in the university, the business world and the student. This disruption is going to lead to a decade-long technology-led remaking of business education. Finally, I share a triphasic model that maps the evolution of online learning in business schools."}, {"pmid": 32447283, "title": "A virtual care program for outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19: a feasibility study.", "journal": "CMAJ Open", "authors": ["Lam, Philip W", "Sehgal, Prateek", "Andany, Nisha", "Mubareka, Samira", "Simor, Andrew E", "Ozaldin, Omar", "Leis, Jerome A", "Daneman, Nick", "Chan, Adrienne K"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447283", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In patients who are discharged home to self-isolate while coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test results are pending, there is no formal method for physician assessments or counselling to occur if the result returns positive. Our aim was to develop and test the feasibility of a virtual care program for self-isolating outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19. In preparation for this gap in health care, the COVID-19 Expansion to Outpatients (COVIDEO) program was developed at the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, to provide ongoing care for outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19. As part of a feasibility study, we describe our experiences with the first 50 patients managed using this program from its inception (Mar. 1, 2020) until Mar. 27, 2020. All 50 people who tested positive for COVID-19 at the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and were discharged home to self-isolation during the study period were assessed through the COVIDEO program. Thirty-two patients (64%) were assessed via the Ontario Telemedicine Network virtual care platform, and the remainder by telephone. The median time from viral swab collection to first COVIDEO program assessment was 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 1-2) days. Among the 26 patients for whom further follow-up care through the COVIDEO program was discontinued by the end of March 2020, the median duration of virtual care was 12.5 (IQR 8.75-16) days. During the study period, 6 patients required transfer to hospital for assessment, of whom 4 required admission. We have shown that a virtual care program can be used in the management of outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19. Further studies evaluating its sustainability and impact on health outcomes are underway."}, {"pmid": 32488318, "pmcid": "PMC7266387", "title": "Are the cutaneous manifestations during or due to SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 frequent or not? Revision of possible pathophysiologic mechanisms.", "journal": "Inflamm Res", "authors": ["Criado, Paulo Ricardo", "Abdalla, Beatrice Martinez Zugaib", "de Assis, Isabelle Carvalho", "van Blarcum de Graaff Mello, Cristina", "Caputo, Gabriela Cacciolari", "Vieira, Ingrid Campos"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488318", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-Cov-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus, a Betacoronavirus, composed of 16 non-structural proteins, with specific roles in replication of coronaviruses. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not yet fully understood. The virus and host factors interplay among distinct outcomes of infected patients. Using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) in PubMed, authors searched for articles cotaining information on COVID-19 and the skin. The pathophysiology of the disease is multifactorial: association with innate immune response, hypercoagulability state, lung tissue damage, neurological and/or gastrointestinal tract involvement, monocytic/macrophage activation syndrome, culminating in exaggerated cytokine secretion, called \"cytokine storm\", which leads to worsening and death. These systemic conditions may be associated with cutaneous lesions, that have polymorphic aspects, where at histopathological level show involvement in different skin changes. These lesions may be associated with multisystemic manifestations that could occur due to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and transmembrane serine protease action, allowing the pulmonary infection and possibly skin manifestation. Several reports in literature show cutaneous lesions similar to chilblain, urticarial eruptions, diffuse or disseminated erythema, livedo racemosa, blue toe syndrome, retiform purpura, vesicle trunk, purpuric exanthema or exanthema with clinical aspects of symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) and others. This review describes the complexity of Covid-19, pathophysiological and clinical aspects, dermatological finding and other dermatological conditions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32400861, "pmcid": "PMC7239130", "title": "Act now! Covid-19 pandemic: the coordinated support of the international community to low- and middle-income countries is needed immediately.", "journal": "Int J Qual Health Care", "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400861", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32185370, "pmcid": "PMC7075270", "title": "Information Typology in Coronavirus (COVID-19) Crisis; a Commentary.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ashrafi-Rizi, Hasan", "Kazempour, Zahra"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185370", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298245, "title": "Timing of Community Mitigation and Changes in Reported COVID-19 and Community Mobility - Four U.S. Metropolitan Areas, February 26-April 1, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Lasry, Arielle", "Kidder, Daniel", "Hast, Marisa", "Poovey, Jason", "Sunshine, Gregory", "Winglee, Kathryn", "Zviedrite, Nicole", "Ahmed, Faruque", "Ethier, Kathleen A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298245", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Community mitigation activities (also referred to as nonpharmaceutical interventions) are actions that persons and communities can take to slow the spread of infectious diseases. Mitigation strategies include personal protective measures (e.g., handwashing, cough etiquette, and face coverings) that persons can use at home or while in community settings; social distancing (e.g., maintaining physical distance between persons in community settings and staying at home); and environmental surface cleaning at home and in community settings, such as schools or workplaces. Actions such as social distancing are especially critical when medical countermeasures such as vaccines or therapeutics are not available. Although voluntary adoption of social distancing by the public and community organizations is possible, public policy can enhance implementation. The CDC Community Mitigation Framework (1) recommends a phased approach to implementation at the community level, as evidence of community spread of disease increases or begins to decrease and according to severity. This report presents initial data from the metropolitan areas of San Francisco, California; Seattle, Washington; New Orleans, Louisiana; and New York City, New York* to describe the relationship between timing of public policy measures, community mobility (a proxy measure for social distancing), and temporal trends in reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Community mobility in all four locations declined from February 26, 2020 to April 1, 2020, decreasing with each policy issued and as case counts increased. This report suggests that public policy measures are an important tool to support social distancing and provides some very early indications that these measures might help slow the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32400999, "title": "Managing chronic pain patients at the time of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Minerva Anestesiol", "authors": ["Coluzzi, Flaminia", "Marinangeli, Franco", "Pergolizzi, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400999", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395930, "title": "Emergency ventilatory support for acute adult respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19.", "journal": "Emergencias", "authors": ["Cinesi Gomez, Cesar", "Carratala Perales, Jose Manuel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395930", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355607, "pmcid": "PMC7191545", "title": "What Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Mean for Rheumatology Patients?", "journal": "Curr Treatm Opt Rheumatol", "authors": ["Pope, Janet E"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in uncertainty for patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases for several reasons. They are concerned about their risk of developing COVID-19 as many are immune suppressed from their disease and/or treatment, whether they should stop their advanced therapies, if they will have a worse outcome if/when infected due to their underlying medication condition(s) and if they will have drug availability, especially with press (without much data) coverage suggesting hydroxychloroquine may be used in COVID-19 infection causing diversion of medication supply. This article discusses how the pandemic affects people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Preliminarily, articles seem to suggest that patients with rheumatic diseases may not have more infections from SARS-CoV-2 and similar outcomes to age and gender matched patients, but fear of rheumatic medications increasing their risk, drug shortages, and work exposure all are concerns for patients. The long term effects of the pandemic in patients with rheumatic diseases will not be known until much later and likely include stressors flaring disease (fear, illness, job loss, social isolation), post-traumatic stress, flaring due to stopping medications, less physician visits with subsequent under-treatment, and increases in chronic concomitant fatigue, pain, fibromyalgia."}, {"pmid": 32299208, "pmcid": "PMC7195974", "title": "Mobilizing the research ecosystem for scientific advances towards positive impact in the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Mandal, Hasan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299208", "countries": ["Turkey"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This special issue of the Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences is dedicated to providing scientific advances in the process of better understanding the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the COVID-19 infection. The special issue is published in a special time in which science-based approaches, cocreation-based collaboration, and the effective utilization and integration of competences have a crucial role during the race against time while combating the COVID-19 pandemic. In this process, the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (T\u00dcB\u0130TAK), which publishes academic journals including the Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, has taken rapid action to mobilize the research community. This includes forming new scientific coalitions in record time, the opening of new calls across the research ecosystem, the organization of a virtual scientific conference, and the launch of a new portal in support of cocreation processes and open science. In addition, various teleconferences that bring together various disciplines at the national and international level have taken place. All of these efforts provide multiple venues to support the common effort of combating the COVID-19 pandemic with R&D and development as a common objective. The sharing of evidence-based knowledge and scientific progress is an effective approach towards providing important contributions for combating the COVID-19 pandemic. The research articles that are contained in this special issue of the Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences involves a special collection dedicated to COVID-19. This short communication aims to provide an introduction of the major initiatives that have been taken in the scientific landscape with a focus on Turkey."}, {"pmid": 32313712, "pmcid": "PMC7164874", "title": "Anosmia, hyposmia, and dysgeusia as indicators for positive SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Lao, Wilson P", "Imam, Sarah A", "Nguyen, Shaun A"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313712", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220158, "title": "The challenge of communicating and controlling the coronavirus epidemic", "journal": "Biomedica", "authors": ["Moreno-Montoya, Jose"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220158", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518102, "title": "Epilepsy care in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Adan, Guleed H", "Mitchell, James W", "Marson, Tony"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518102", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic will impact on how care for chronic conditions is delivered. We use epilepsy to exemplify how care for patients will be affected, and suggest ways in which healthcare systems can respond to deliver the most effective care. Where face-to-face outpatient appointments have been cancelled, telemedicine can facilitate remote clinical consultations for new and follow-up epilepsy clinic patients while reducing the risk of infection to both patients and healthcare staff. First-seizure patients will need investigation pathways rationalised, while those with chronic epilepsy will need to have reliable alternative avenues to access clinical advice. At the same time, neurologists should support emergency departments and acute medical units, advising on appropriate management of seizures and other acute neurological presentations. Ultimately, the revolution in our clinical practice is unlikely to cease after this pandemic, with reconfiguration of services likely to bring improvements in efficiency and convenience, and a reduced environmental impact."}, {"pmid": 32498079, "title": "When a delayed cardiology consultation leads to a massive left ventricle pseudoaneurysm: collateral effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Rimac, Goran", "Marzouk, Mohammed", "Dumont, Eric", "Paradis, Jean-Michel"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498079", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447060, "pmcid": "PMC7242185", "title": "Decrease and Delay in Hospitalization for Acute Coronary Syndromes During the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Secco, Gioel Gabrio", "Zocchi, Chiara", "Parisi, Rosario", "Roveta, Annalisa", "Mirabella, Francesca", "Vercellino, Matteo", "Pistis, Gianfranco", "Reale, Maurizio", "Maggio, Silvia", "Audo, Andrea", "Kozel, Daniela", "Centini, Giacomo", "Maconi, Antonio", "Di Mario, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447060", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The diffusion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) forced the Italian population to restrictive measures that modified patients' responses to non-SARS-CoV-2 medical conditions. We evaluated all patients with acute coronary syndromes admitted in 3 high-volume hospitals during the first month of SARS-CoV-2 Italian-outbreak and compared them with patients with ACS admitted during the same period 1 year before. Hospitalization for ACS decreased from 162 patients in 2019 to 84 patients in 2020. In 2020, both door-to-balloon and symptoms-to-percutaneous coronary intervention were longer, and admission levels of high-sensitive cardiac troponin I were higher. They had a lower discharged residual left-ventricular function and an increased predicted late cardiovascular mortality based on their Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) scores."}, {"pmid": 32385914, "pmcid": "PMC7273020", "title": "The Path Forward: Academic Neurology Responds to COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Neurol", "authors": ["McArthur, Justin C"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385914", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398851, "pmcid": "PMC7216849", "title": "Oculoplastic video-based telemedicine consultations: Covid-19 and beyond.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Kang, Swan", "Thomas, Peter B M", "Sim, Dawn A", "Parker, Richard T", "Daniel, Claire", "Uddin, Jimmy M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420777, "title": "Positive RT-PCR in urine from an asymptomatic patient with novel coronavirus 2019 infection: a case report.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Ren, Jian-Guo", "Li, Dong-Yan", "Wang, Chang-Fei", "Wu, Jian-Hua", "Wang, Ying", "Sun, Yu-Jing", "Zhang, Qian", "Wang, Yao-Yong", "Chang, Xin-Jian"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420777", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction: With the emergence of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in many countries, medical resources currently focus on the treatment of confirmed patients and screening of suspected cases. Asymptomatic patients may be contagious, which makes epidemic control difficult. We describe an asymptomatic patient with a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test in urine.Case report: An asymptomatic girl was identified during the epidemiological investigation of a confirmed COVID-19 patient. When admitted to the hospital on 24 February 2020, she had no clinical manifestations. A throat swab was negative for RT-PCR, but urine was positive. She was given antiviral and symptomatic supportive treatment. On 26 February, a throat swab RT-PCR was positive. RT-PCR in throat swabs and urine were negative on 3 and 5 March, and on 9 and 12 March, throat swabs were still negative. At follow-up on 26 March, she felt well, throat swab RT-PCR was negative, and isolation was lifted.Conclusion: The urine of asymptomatic patients may be contagious. RT-PCR in urine might be a useful supplement in screening when the RT-PCR is negative in throat swabs."}, {"pmid": 32212058, "pmcid": "PMC7095352", "title": "Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: lessons and suggestions.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Zhiruo", "Liu, Shelan", "Xiang, Mi", "Li, Shijian", "Zhao, Dahai", "Huang, Chaolin", "Chen, Saijuan"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212058", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19, caused by the 2019-nCoV infection) in December 2019 is one of the most severe public health emergencies since the founding of People's Republic of China in 1949. Healthcare personnel (HCP) nationwide are facing heavy workloads and high risk of infection, especially those who care for patients in Hubei Province. Sadly, as of February 20, 2020, over two thousand COVID-19 cases are confirmed among HCP from 476 hospitals nationwide, with nearly 90% of them from Hubei Province. Based on literature search and interviews with some HCP working at Wuhan, capital city of Hubei, we have summarized some of the effective measures taken to reduce infection among HCP, and also made suggestions for improving occupational safety during an infectious disease outbreak. The experience and lessons learned should be a valuable asset for international health community to contain the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic around the world."}, {"pmid": 32395093, "pmcid": "PMC7206560", "title": "Structure of the SARS-Unique Domain C From the Bat Coronavirus HKU4.", "journal": "Nat Prod Commun", "authors": ["Staup, Andrew J", "De Silva, Ivon U", "Catt, Justin T", "Tan, Xuan", "Hammond, Robert G", "Johnson, Margaret A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395093", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) that cause infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome phylogenetically originate from bat CoVs. The coronaviral nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3) has been implicated in viral replication, polyprotein cleavage, and host immune interference. We report the structure of the C domain from the SARS-Unique Domain of bat CoV HKU4. The protein has a frataxin fold, consisting of 5 antiparallel \u03b2 strands packed against 2 \u03b1 helices. Bioinformatics analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments were conducted to investigate the function of HKU4 C. The results showed that HKU4 C engages in protein-protein interactions with the nearby M domain of nsp3. The HKU4 C residues involved in protein-protein interactions are conserved in group 2c CoVs, indicating a conserved function."}, {"pmid": 32470862, "pmcid": "PMC7240263", "title": "Coronavirus and quarantine: will we sacrifice our elderly to protect them?", "journal": "Arch Gerontol Geriatr", "authors": ["Bouillon-Minois, Jean-Baptiste", "Lahaye, Clement", "Dutheil, Frederic"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470862", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362224, "title": "Getting Ready for COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatr Serv", "authors": ["Torrey, William C"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362224", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490825, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on interventional cardiology practice: results of the EAPCI survey.", "journal": "EuroIntervention", "authors": ["Roffi, Marco", "Capodanno, Davide", "Windecker, Stephan", "Baumbach, Andreas", "Dudek, Dariusz"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490825", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353441, "pmcid": "PMC7185014", "title": "MANAGEMENT OF PERSISTENT PNEUMOTHORAX WITH THORACOSCOPY AND BLEBS RESECTION IN COVID-19 PATIENTS.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Aiolfi, Alberto", "Biraghi, Tullio", "Montisci, Andrea", "Bonitta, Gianluca", "Micheletto, Giancarlo", "Donatelli, Francesco", "Cirri, Silvia", "Bona, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353441", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several studies have been published describing the clinical and radiographic findings on the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia. Therefore, there is currently a lack of pathologic data about its effects in intubated patients. Pneumothorax may occur rarely and results from a combination of fibrotic parenchyma with prolonged high-pressure ventilation. Chest drain represent the first line treatment. However, in case of persistent pneumothorax, thoracoscopy and bleb resection may be a feasible option to reduce air leak and improve ventilation. We report the cases of two COVID-19 patients successfully treated with thoracoscopy, bleb resection, and pleurectomy for persistent pneumothorax."}, {"pmid": 32388452, "pmcid": "PMC7194705", "title": "Neuropsychiatric and cognitive effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on multiple sclerosis patients.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Haji Akhoundi, Fahimeh", "Sahraian, Mohammad Ali", "Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388452", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32070465, "pmcid": "PMC7029452", "title": "First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in France: surveillance, investigations and control measures, January 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Bernard Stoecklin, Sibylle", "Rolland, Patrick", "Silue, Yassoungo", "Mailles, Alexandra", "Campese, Christine", "Simondon, Anne", "Mechain, Matthieu", "Meurice, Laure", "Nguyen, Mathieu", "Bassi, Clement", "Yamani, Estelle", "Behillil, Sylvie", "Ismael, Sophie", "Nguyen, Duc", "Malvy, Denis", "Lescure, Francois Xavier", "Georges, Scarlett", "Lazarus, Clement", "Tabai, Anouk", "Stempfelet, Morgane", "Enouf, Vincent", "Coignard, Bruno", "Levy-Bruhl, Daniel"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32070465", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) causing a cluster of respiratory infections (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, was identified on 7 January 2020. The epidemic quickly disseminated from Wuhan and as at 12 February 2020, 45,179 cases have been confirmed in 25 countries, including 1,116 deaths. Strengthened surveillance was implemented in France on 10 January 2020 in order to identify imported cases early and prevent secondary transmission. Three categories of risk exposure and follow-up procedure were defined for contacts. Three cases of COVID-19 were confirmed on 24 January, the first cases in Europe. Contact tracing was immediately initiated. Five contacts were evaluated as at low risk of exposure and 18 at moderate/high risk. As at 12 February 2020, two cases have been discharged and the third one remains symptomatic with a persistent cough, and no secondary transmission has been identified. Effective collaboration between all parties involved in the surveillance and response to emerging threats is required to detect imported cases early and to implement adequate control measures."}, {"pmid": 32169498, "pmcid": "PMC7102670", "title": "Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Li, Zhenyu", "Ge, Jingwu", "Yang, Meiling", "Feng, Jianping", "Qiao, Mei", "Jiang, Riyue", "Bi, Jiangjiang", "Zhan, Gaofeng", "Xu, Xiaolin", "Wang, Long", "Zhou, Qin", "Zhou, Chenliang", "Pan, Yinbing", "Liu, Shijiang", "Zhang, Haiwei", "Yang, Jianjun", "Zhu, Bin", "Hu, Yimin", "Hashimoto, Kenji", "Jia, Yan", "Wang, Haofei", "Wang, Rong", "Liu, Cunming", "Yang, Chun"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169498", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, more than 79,000 people have been diagnosed with infection of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). A large number of medical staff was sent to Wuhan city and Hubei province to aid COVID-19 control. Psychological stress, especially vicarious traumatization caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, should not be ignored. To address this concern, the study employed a total of 214 general public and 526 nurses (i.e., 234 front-line nurses and 292 non-front-line nurses) to evaluate vicarious traumatization scores via a mobile app-based questionnaire. Front-line nurses are engaged in the process of providing care for patients with COVID-19. The results showed that the vicarious traumatization scores for front-line nurses including scores for physiological and psychological responses, were significantly lower than those of non-front-line nurses (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Interestingly, the vicarious traumatization scores of the general public were significantly higher than those of the front-line nurses (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001); however, no statistical difference was observed compared to the scores of non-front-line nurses (P\u00a0>\u00a00.05). Therefore, increased attention should be paid to the psychological problems of the medical staff, especially non-front-line nurses, and general public under the situation of the spread and control of COVID-19. Early strategies that aim to prevent and treat vicarious traumatization in medical staff and general public are extremely necessary."}, {"pmid": 32351197, "title": "COVID-19 is possibly a consequence of the anthropogenic biodiversity crisis and climate changes.", "journal": "Dan Med J", "authors": ["Lorentzen, Henrik F", "Benfield, Thomas", "Stisen, Simon", "Rahbek, Carsten"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351197", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31944312, "pmcid": "PMC7166954", "title": "Recent advances in the detection of respiratory virus infection in humans.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Naru", "Wang, Lili", "Deng, Xiaoqian", "Liang, Ruiying", "Su, Meng", "He, Chen", "Hu, Lanfang", "Su, Yudan", "Ren, Jing", "Yu, Fei", "Du, Lanying", "Jiang, Shibo"], "date": "2020-01-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31944312", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory tract viral infection caused by viruses or bacteria is one of the most common diseases in human worldwide, while those caused by emerging viruses, such as the novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV that caused the pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China most recently, have posed great threats to global public health. Identification of the causative viral pathogens of respiratory tract viral infections is important to select an appropriate treatment, save people's lives, stop the epidemics, and avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics. Conventional diagnostic tests, such as the assays for rapid detection of antiviral antibodies or viral antigens, are widely used in many clinical laboratories. With the development of modern technologies, new diagnostic strategies, including multiplex nucleic acid amplification and microarray-based assays, are emerging. This review summarizes currently available and novel emerging diagnostic methods for the detection of common respiratory viruses, such as influenza virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, human adenovirus, and human rhinovirus. Multiplex assays for simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory viruses are also described. It is anticipated that such data will assist researchers and clinicians to develop appropriate diagnostic strategies for timely and effective detection of respiratory virus infections."}, {"pmid": 32407189, "title": "Recommendation of fecal specimen for routine molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 and for COVID-19 discharge criteria.", "journal": "Pathog Glob Health", "authors": ["Ahamed Mim, Moonmoon", "Naznin Rakhi, Nadira", "Saha, Otun", "Rahaman, Md Mizanur"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407189", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482439, "pmcid": "PMC7242207", "title": "Pay more attention to EEG in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Neurophysiol", "authors": ["Flamand, M", "Perron, A", "Buron, Y", "Szurhaj, W"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482439", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223552, "pmcid": "PMC7191629", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: an ally or a Trojan horse? Implications to SARS-CoV-2-related cardiovascular complications.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol", "authors": ["Abassi, Zaid", "Assady, Suheir", "Khoury, Emad E", "Heyman, Samuel N"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223552", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448725, "pmcid": "PMC7237913", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic as an Opportunity for the Radiotherapy Department.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Orazem, M", "Ratosa, I"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292297, "pmcid": "PMC7141476", "title": "Leading on the Edge of Insanity.", "journal": "Nurse Lead", "authors": ["Trepanier, Sylvain"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292297", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has officially consumed every nurse leader's time and efforts. The purpose of this article is to share early learnings from the west coast of the United States, where the first U.S case was cared for. In this article, I describe the emerging principles allowing us to respond to an unprecedented crisis: Prevent, Protect, and Control. By the time this crisis is over, I do not doubt that we will have additional science and experience to support our frontline nurses and our nurse leaders. That said, I felt it was important to share our expertise in real-time for others to benefit from. I would also point out that writing about what you are feeling is cathartic-I encourage my colleagues to join me in writing about what you are experiencing."}, {"pmid": 32451657, "pmcid": "PMC7247966", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients suffering from musculoskeletal tumours.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Thaler, Martin", "Khosravi, Ismail", "Leithner, Andreas", "Papagelopoulos, Panayiotis J", "Ruggieri, Pietro"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451657", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on musculoskeletal tumor service by conducting an online survey of physicians. The survey was conducted among the members of the ISOLS (International Society of Limb Salvage) and the EMSOS (European Musculo-Skeletal Oncology Society). The survey consisted of 20 questions (single, multiple-response, ranked): origin and surgical experience of the participant (four questions), potential disruption of healthcare (12 questions), and influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the particular physician (four questions). A matrix with four different response options was created for the particular surgical procedures). One hundred forty-nine physicians from five continents completed the survey. Of the respondents, 20.1% and 20.7% stated that surgery for life-threatening sarcomas were stopped or delayed, respectively. Even when the malignancy was expected to involve infiltration of a neurovascular bundle or fracture of a bone, still 13.8% and 14.7% of the respondents, respectively, stated that surgery was not performed. In cases of pending fractures of bone tumors, 37.5 to 46.2% of operations were canceled. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused a significant reduction in healthcare (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) for malignancies of the musculoskeletal system. Delaying or stopping these treatments is life-threatening or can cause severe morbidity, pain, and loss of function. Although the coronavirus disease causes severe medical complications, serious collateral damage including death due to delayed or untreated sarcomas should be avoided."}, {"pmid": 32391412, "pmcid": "PMC7205626", "title": "On-demand app-based rate and rhythm monitoring to manage atrial fibrillation through tele-consultations during COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc", "authors": ["Pluymaekers, Nikki A H A", "Hermans, Astrid N L", "van der Velden, Rachel M J", "den Uijl, Dennis W", "Vorstermans, Bianca", "Buskes, Saskia", "Hendriks, Jeroen M", "Vernooy, Kevin", "Crijns, Harry J G M", "Linz, Dominik"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391412", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366584, "title": "A first estimation of the impact of public health actions against COVID-19 in Veneto (Italy).", "journal": "J Epidemiol Community Health", "authors": ["Gregori, Dario", "Azzolina, Danila", "Lanera, Corrado", "Prosepe, Ilaria", "Destro, Nicolas", "Lorenzoni, Giulia", "Berchialla, Paola"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366584", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Veneto is one of the first Italian regions where the COVID-19 outbreak started spreading. Containment measures were approved soon thereafter. The present study aims at providing a first look at the impact of the containment measures on the outbreak progression in the Veneto region, Italy. A Bayesian changepoint analysis was used to identify the changing speed of the epidemic curve. Then, a piecewise polynomial model was considered to fit the data in the first period before the detected changepoint. In this time interval, that is, the weeks from 27 February to 12 March, a quadratic growth was identified by a generalised additive model (GAM). Finally, the model was used to generate the projection of the expected number of hospitalisations at 2 weeks based on the epidemic speed before the changepoint. Such estimates were then compared with the actual outbreak behaviour. The comparison between the observed and predicted hospitalisation curves highlights a slowdown on the total COVID-19 hospitalisations after the onset of containment measures. The estimated daily slowdown effect of the epidemic growth is estimated as 78 hospitalisations per day as of 27 March (95% CI 75 to 81). The containment strategies seem to have positively impacted the progression of the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak in Veneto."}, {"pmid": 32454234, "pmcid": "PMC7245303", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and Vascular Surgery Unit.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Yasri, Sora", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454234", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320809, "pmcid": "PMC7167222", "title": "Changes in testing rates could mask the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) growth rate.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Omori, Ryosuke", "Mizumoto, Kenji", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320809", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 in China, it has rapidly spread around the world, leading to one of the most significant pandemic events of recent history. Deriving reliable estimates of the COVID-19 epidemic growth rate is quite important to guide the timing and intensity of intervention strategies. Indeed, many studies have quantified the epidemic growth rate using time-series of reported cases during the early phase of the outbreak to estimate the basic reproduction number, R0. Using daily time series of COVID-19 incidence, we illustrate how epidemic curves of reported cases may not always reflect the true epidemic growth rate due to changes in testing rates, which could be influenced by limited diagnostic testing capacity during the early epidemic phase."}, {"pmid": 32523257, "pmcid": "PMC7247488", "title": "A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic model.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Khoshnaw, Sarbaz H A", "Shahzad, Muhammad", "Ali, Mehboob", "Sultan, Faisal"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523257", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Global efforts around the world are focused on to discuss several health care strategies for minimizing the impact of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) on the community. As it is clear that this virus becomes a public health threat and spreading easily among individuals. Mathematical models with computational simulations are effective tools that help global efforts to estimate key transmission parameters and further improvements for controlling this disease. This is an infectious disease and can be modeled as a system of non-linear differential equations with reaction rates. This work reviews and develops some suggested models for the COVID-19 that can address important questions about global health care and suggest important notes. Then, we suggest an updated model that includes a system of differential equations with transmission parameters. Some key computational simulations and sensitivity analysis are investigated. Also, the local sensitivities for each model state concerning the model parameters are computed using three different techniques: non-normalizations, half normalizations, and full normalizations. Results based on the computational simulations show that the model dynamics are significantly changed for different key model parameters. Interestingly, we identify that transition rates between asymptomatic infected with both reported and unreported symptomatic infected individuals are very sensitive parameters concerning model variables in spreading this disease. This helps international efforts to reduce the number of infected individuals from the disease and to prevent the propagation of new coronavirus more widely on the community. Another novelty of this paper is the identification of the critical model parameters, which makes it easy to be used by biologists with less knowledge of mathematical modeling and also facilitates the improvement of the model for future development theoretically and practically."}, {"pmid": 32353761, "pmcid": "PMC7194791", "title": "Supportive Treatment with Tocilizumab for COVID-19: A Systematic Review.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Alzghari, Saeed K", "Acuna, Valerie S"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353761", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404266, "pmcid": "PMC7200331", "title": "The 2019-2020 coronavirus pandemic in Italy: immunologic and cultural hurdles on the road to a cure.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Virgilio, Edoardo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404266", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501820, "title": "Orthopaedic Guidelines for the COVID-19 Post-Outbreak Period: Experience from Wuhan, People's Republic of China.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Xiong, Yuan", "Chen, Lang", "Lin, Ze", "Panayi, Adriana C", "Mi, Bobin", "Liu, Guohui"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501820", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has rapidly spread worldwide. As the earliest outbreak area of the pandemic, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, is gradually recovering to its normal state under the effective control of government authorities. Outpatient services in major hospitals are now being restored. An accumulation of asymptomatic infections is a potential risk for medical personnel, especially when there is crowding in hospitals. As the biggest center for orthopaedic patients in Wuhan, our orthopaedic outpatient department admits >300 patients per day. Optimal guidelines on how to handle this huge number of patients during the post-outbreak stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly with regard to potential asymptomatic infection, are urgently needed for orthopaedic surgeons. We have developed and proposed applicable guidelines to fill this knowledge gap, including the necessary protective strategies for medical personnel in orthopaedic outpatient and inpatient wards as well as during surgery. We also have provided mental health recommendations for health-care workers. To the best of our knowledge, these guidelines are the first of their kind for orthopaedic surgeons who are slowly reestablishing medical activity following the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32426020, "pmcid": "PMC7229728", "title": "A surgeon's role in fighting a medical pandemic: Experiences from the unit at the epicentre of COVID-19 in Singapore - A cohort perspective.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Rasappan, Kumaran", "Oh, Jacob Yoong Leong", "Ding, Benjamin Tze Keong", "Mohd Fadhil, Muhd Farhan", "Lee, Keng Thiam"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426020", "countries": ["Singapore", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although Singapore was one of the first countries outside of China to be affected by COVID-19, for the first 2.5 months since its first reported case on January 23, 2020, it remained one of the few nations with successful containment of spread of the pandemic with little mortality and zero intra-hospital transmissions, without instituting a major lockdown of the country. In times of an infectious epidemic where medical subspecialties lead the frontline, a surgeon's role becomes rather vague. However, the only obstacle that stands in between the surgeon and fighting in the frontline of an infectious disease outbreak, is the traditional perception of what a surgeon can do. By presenting the strategies employed by our institution and its surgical unit, which remains the epicenter of the COVID-19 fight in Singapore, together with our medical counterparts, we hope to be able to improve our practices to respond and prevent the pandemic from escalating further as a collective community of surgeons across the globe. Contingencies should be in place for prioritization of existing patients, triaging and treatment of suspected patients, infection control, manpower management and novel strategies for inter-disciplinary communications and education in a hospital's surgical unit during a pandemic. Working in a high risk environment with manpower and resource limitations for prolonged periods of time has effect on morale and affects surgeon burn-out. Transparent communication, avenues to address psychological needs of surgeons and leadership by example are key strategies in ensuring a sustainable fight against the pandemic. With the varies strategies implemented, every surgical discipline and every surgeon should be unified and place their desire to operate aside. There should not be any differentiation between surgeon and physician, but instead, everyone has to work together as one united health care front battling the common enemy - COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32410272, "pmcid": "PMC7235482", "title": "Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time and digital media use during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy.", "journal": "J Sleep Res", "authors": ["Cellini, Nicola", "Canale, Natale", "Mioni, Giovanna", "Costa, Sebastiano"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410272", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is one of the major COVID-19 hotspots. To reduce the spread of the infections and the pressure on Italian healthcare systems, since March 10, 2020, Italy has been under a total lockdown, forcing people into home confinement. Here we present data from 1,310 people living in the Italian territory (Mage \u00a0=\u00a023.91\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.60\u00a0years, 880 females, 501 workers, 809 university students), who completed an online survey from March 24 to March 28, 2020. In the survey, we asked participants to think about their use of digital media before going to bed, their sleep pattern and their subjective experience of time in the previous week (March 17-23, which was the second week of the lockdown) and up to the first week of February (February 3-10, before any restriction in any Italian area). During the lockdown, people increased the usage of digital media near bedtime, but this change did not affect sleep habits. Nevertheless, during home confinement, sleep timing markedly changed, with people going to bed and waking up later, and spending more time in bed, but, paradoxically, also reporting a lower sleep quality. The increase in sleep difficulties was stronger for people with a higher level of depression, anxiety and stress symptomatology, and associated with the feeling of elongation of time. Considering that the lockdown is likely to continue for weeks, research data are urgently needed to support decision making, to build public awareness and to provide timely and supportive psychosocial interventions."}, {"pmid": 32354636, "pmcid": "PMC7194930", "title": "Blockade of SARS-CoV-2 infection by recombinant soluble ACE2.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Alhenc-Gelas, Francois", "Drueke, Tilman B"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354636", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482242, "pmcid": "PMC7258800", "title": "Advancing the NIH Strategic Plan and Health Care Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Nurs Outlook", "authors": ["Redeker, Nancy S"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482242", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332038, "title": "Asthma and COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Abrams, Elissa M", "Geert W, 't Jong", "Yang, Connie L"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332038", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31979013, "pmcid": "PMC7077218", "title": "Emerging Viruses without Borders: The Wuhan Coronavirus.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Liu, Shan-Lu", "Saif, Linda"], "date": "2020-01-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31979013", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recently emerged coronavirus in Wuhan, China has claimed at least two lives as of January 17 and infected hundreds if not thousands of individuals. The situation has drawn international attention, including from the virology community. We applaud the rapid release to the public of the genome sequence of the new virus by Chinese virologists, but we also believe that increased transparency on disease reporting and data sharing with international colleagues are crucial for curbing the spread of this newly emerging virus to other parts of the world."}, {"pmid": 32449420, "title": "Interpretation of arrhythmogenic effects of COVID-19 disease through ECG.", "journal": "Aging Male", "authors": ["Ozturk, Fatih", "Karaduman, Medeni", "Coldur, Rabia", "Incecik, Saban", "Gunes, Yilmaz", "Tuncer, Mustafa"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449420", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: We aimed to detect the malignant arrhythmic potential of COVID-19 with surface electrocardiographic (ECG) markers.Material and method: Of the ECG parameters PR, QT, QTc, QTd, TPe, and Tpe/QTc were measured in 51 COVID-19 patients and 40 in control subjects.Results: Compared to control group mean QTc (410.8\u2009\u00b1\u200924.3 msec vs. 394.6\u2009\u00b1\u200920.3 msec, p\u2009<\u2009.001) and Tpe/QTc (0.19\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02 vs. 0.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04, p = .036) and median QTd (47.52 vs. 46.5) values were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients. Troponin levels were significantly correlated with heart rate (r\u2009=\u20090.387, p\u2009=\u2009.006) but not with ECG parameters.Conclusion: Several ventricular arrhythmia surface ECG predictors including QTc, QTd, and Tpe/QTc are increased in COVID-19 patients. Since medications used in COVID-19 patients have the potential to affect these parameters, giving importance to these ECG markers may have a significant contribution in decreasing disease-related arrhythmias."}, {"pmid": 32228309, "pmcid": "PMC7243667", "title": "Guidance for Cardiac Electrophysiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Heart Rhythm Society COVID-19 Task Force; Electrophysiology Section of the American College of Cardiology; and the Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Lakkireddy, Dhanunjaya R", "Chung, Mina K", "Gopinathannair, Rakesh", "Patton, Kristen K", "Gluckman, Ty J", "Turagam, Mohit", "Cheung, Jim", "Patel, Parin", "Sotomonte, Juan", "Lampert, Rachel", "Han, Janet K", "Rajagopalan, Bharath", "Eckhardt, Lee", "Joglar, Jose", "Sandau, Kristin", "Olshansky, Brian", "Wan, Elaine", "Noseworthy, Peter A", "Leal, Miguel", "Kaufman, Elizabeth", "Gutierrez, Alejandra", "Marine, Joseph E", "Wang, Paul J", "Russo, Andrea M"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that is wreaking havoc on the health and economy of much of human civilization. Electrophysiologists have been impacted personally and professionally by this global catastrophe. In this joint article from representatives of the Heart Rhythm Society, the American College of Cardiology, and the American Heart Association, we identify the potential risks of exposure to patients, allied healthcare staff, industry representatives, and hospital administrators. We also describe the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac arrhythmias and methods of triage based on acuity and patient comorbidities. We provide guidance for managing invasive and noninvasive electrophysiology procedures, clinic visits, and cardiac device interrogations. In addition, we discuss resource conservation and the role of telemedicine in remote patient care along with management strategies for affected patients."}, {"pmid": 32434058, "pmcid": "PMC7227583", "title": "A chronicle of SARS-CoV-2: Part-I - Epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, transmission and treatment.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Kumar, Manish", "Taki, Kaling", "Gahlot, Rohit", "Sharma, Ayushi", "Dhangar, Kiran"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434058", "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In order to benefit the public, community workers and scientific community, we hereby present a chronicle of SARS-CoV-2 that leads to the unseen precedent of social distancing and lockdown owing to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Information on this life-threatening pandemic of COVID-19 is sparse and discrete; and the urgency is such that the dissemination of information is increasing with numerous daily publications on the topic. Therefore, we developed a comprehensive review on various aspects of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. We scientifically compiled published research, news, and reports from various sources to comprehend and summarize the information and findings on Coronaviruses. The review explicitly covers the aspects like genome and pedigree of SARS-CoV-2; epidemiology, prognosis, pathogenesis, symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19 in order to catalog the right information on transmission route, and influence of environmental factors on virus transmissions, for the robust understanding of right strategical steps for proper COVID-19 management. We have explicitly highlighted several useful information and facts like: i) No established relationship between progression of SARS-CoV-2 with temperature, humidity and/or both, ii) The underlying mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood, iii) Respiratory droplet size determines drop and airborne-based transmission, iv) Prognosis of COVID-19 can be done by its effects on various body organs, v) Infection can be stopped by restricting the binding of S protein and AE2, vi) Hydroxychloroquine is believed to be better than chloroquine for COVID-19, vii) Ivermectin with Vero-hSLAM cells is able to reduce infection by ~5000 time within 2\u00a0days, and viii) Nafamostat mesylate can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 S protein-initiated membrane fusion. We have also suggested future research perspectives, challenges and scope."}, {"pmid": 32325252, "pmcid": "PMC7169933", "title": "COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Yuki, Koichi", "Fujiogi, Miho", "Koutsogiannaki, Sophia"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325252", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, now named as SARS-CoV-2, caused a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The disease caused by this virus was termed COVID-19. The virus is transmittable between humans and has caused pandemic worldwide. The number of death tolls continues to rise and a large number of countries have been forced to do social distancing and lockdown. Lack of targeted therapy continues to be a problem. Epidemiological studies showed that elder patients were more susceptible to severe diseases, while children tend to have milder symptoms. Here we reviewed the current knowledge about this disease and considered the potential explanation of the different symptomatology between children and adults."}, {"pmid": 32323011, "pmcid": "PMC7175830", "title": "Characteristic CT findings distinguishing 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from influenza pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Wang, Hao", "Wei, Ran", "Rao, Guihua", "Zhu, Jie", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323011", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the different CT characteristics which may distinguish influenza from 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A total of 13 confirmed patients with COVID-19 were enrolled from January 16, 2020, to February 25, 2020. Furthermore, 92 CT scans of confirmed patients with influenza pneumonia, including 76 with influenza A and 16 with influenza B, scanned between January 1, 2019, to February 25, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. Pulmonary lesion distributions, number, attenuation, lobe predomination, margin, contour, ground-glass opacity involvement pattern, bronchial wall thickening, air bronchogram, tree-in-bud sign, interlobular septal thickening, intralobular septal thickening, and pleural effusion were evaluated in COVID-19 and influenza pneumonia cohorts. Peripheral and non-specific distributions in COVID-19 showed a markedly higher frequency compared with the influenza group (p\u2009<\u20090.05). Most lesions in COVID-19 showed balanced lobe localization, while in influenza pneumonia they were predominantly located in the inferior lobe (p\u2009<\u20090.05). COVID-19 presented a clear lesion margin and a shrinking contour compared with influenza pneumonia (p\u2009<\u20090.05). COVID-19 had a patchy or combination of GGO and consolidation opacities, while a cluster-like pattern and bronchial wall thickening were more frequently seen in influenza pneumonia (p\u2009<\u20090.05). The lesion number and attenuation, air bronchogram, tree-in-bud sign, interlobular septal thickening, and intralobular septal thickening were not significantly different between the two groups (all p\u2009>\u20090.05). Though viral pneumonias generally show similar imaging features, there are some characteristic CT findings which may help differentiating COVID-19 from influenza pneumonia. \u2022 CT can play an early warning role in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in the case of no epidemic exposure. \u2022 CT could be used for the differential diagnosis of influenza and COVID-19 with satisfactory accuracy. \u2022 COVID-19 had a patchy or combination of GGO and consolidation opacities with peripheral distribution and balanced lobe predomination."}, {"pmid": 32513804, "title": "Serving meals and mopping floors: the consultant psychiatrist working differently during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Davies, Marika"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513804", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501731, "title": "Cholesterol: A new game player accelerating endothelial injuries caused by SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Cao, Xiaoling", "Yin, Rong", "Albrecht, Helmut", "Fan, Daping", "Tan, Wenbin"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501731", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global threat to public health. Functional impairments in multiple organs have been reported in COVID-19 including lungs, heart, kidney, liver, brain and vascular system. Patients with metabolic-associated preconditions such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes are susceptible to experience severe symptoms. The recent emerging evidence of coagulation disorders in COVID-19 suggests that vasculopathy appears to be an independent risk factor promoting disease severity and mortality of affected patients. We have recently found that the decreased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-c) correlate with disease severity in COVID-19 patients, indicating pathological interactions between dyslipidemia and vasculopothy in COVID-19 patients. However, this clinical manifestation has been unintentionally underestimated by physicians and scientific communities. As metabolic-associated morbidities are generally accompanied with endothelial cell (EC) dysfunctions, these pre-existing conditions may make ECs more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 attack. In this mini-review, we summarize the metabolic and vascular manifestations of COVID-19 with an emphasis on the association between changes in LDL-c levels and the development of severe symptoms as well as the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of LDL-c and SARS-CoV-2 on EC injuries and vasculopathy."}, {"pmid": 32315451, "pmcid": "PMC7173761", "title": "Barriers and facilitators to healthcare workers' adherence with infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases: a rapid qualitative evidence synthesis.", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "authors": ["Houghton, Catherine", "Meskell, Pauline", "Delaney, Hannah", "Smalle, Mike", "Glenton, Claire", "Booth, Andrew", "Chan, Xin Hui S", "Devane, Declan", "Biesty, Linda M"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315451", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review is one of a series of rapid reviews that Cochrane contributors have prepared to inform the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. When new respiratory infectious diseases become widespread, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers' adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines becomes even more important. Strategies in these guidelines include the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as masks, face shields, gloves and gowns; the separation of patients with respiratory infections from others; and stricter cleaning routines. These strategies can be difficult and time-consuming to adhere to in practice. Authorities and healthcare facilities therefore need to consider how best to support healthcare workers to implement them. To identify barriers and facilitators to healthcare workers' adherence to IPC guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases. We searched OVID MEDLINE on 26 March 2020. As we searched only one database due to time constraints, we also undertook a rigorous and comprehensive scoping exercise and search of the reference lists of key papers. We did not apply any date limit or language limits. We included qualitative and mixed-methods studies (with a distinct qualitative component) that focused on the experiences and perceptions of healthcare workers towards factors that impact on their ability to adhere to IPC guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases. We included studies of any type of healthcare worker with responsibility for patient care. We included studies that focused on IPC guidelines (local, national or international) for respiratory infectious diseases in any healthcare setting. These selection criteria were framed by an understanding of the needs of health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four review authors independently assessed the titles, abstracts and full texts identified by our search. We used a prespecified sampling frame to sample from the eligible studies, aiming to capture a range of respiratory infectious disease types, geographical spread and data-rich studies. We extracted data using a data extraction form designed for this synthesis. We assessed methodological limitations using an adapted version of the Critical Skills Appraisal Programme (CASP) tool. We used a 'best fit framework approach' to analyse and synthesise the evidence. This provided upfront analytical categories, with scope for further thematic analysis. We used the GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach to assess our confidence in each finding. We examined each review finding to identify factors that may influence intervention implementation and developed implications for practice. We found 36 relevant studies and sampled 20 of these studies for our analysis. Ten of these studies were from Asia, four from Africa, four from Central and North America and two from Australia. The studies explored the views and experiences of nurses, doctors and other healthcare workers when dealing with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1, MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome), tuberculosis (TB), or seasonal influenza. Most of these healthcare workers worked in hospitals; others worked in primary and community care settings. Our review points to several barriers and facilitators that influenced healthcare workers' ability to adhere to IPC guidelines. The following factors are based on findings assessed as of moderate to high confidence. Healthcare workers felt unsure as to how to adhere to local guidelines when they were long and ambiguous or did not reflect national or international guidelines. They could feel overwhelmed because local guidelines were constantly changing. They also described how IPC strategies led to increased workloads and fatigue, for instance because they had to use PPE and take on additional cleaning. Healthcare workers described how their responses to IPC guidelines were influenced by the level of support they felt that they received from their management team. Clear communication about IPC guidelines was seen as vital. But healthcare workers pointed to a lack of training about the infection itself and about how to use PPE. They also thought it was a problem when training was not mandatory. Sufficient space to isolate patients was also seen as vital. A lack of isolation rooms, anterooms and shower facilities was a problem. Other important practical measures described by healthcare workers included minimising overcrowding, fast-tracking infected patients, restricting visitors, and providing easy access to handwashing facilities. A lack of PPE, and equipment that was of poor quality, was a serious concern for healthcare workers and managers. They also pointed to the need to adjust the volume of supplies as infection outbreaks continued. Healthcare workers believed that they followed IPC guidance more closely when they saw the value of it. Some healthcare workers felt motivated to follow the guidance because of fear of infecting themselves or their families, or because they felt responsible for their patients. Some healthcare workers found it difficult to use masks and other equipment when it made patients feel isolated, frightened or stigmatised. Healthcare workers also found masks and other equipment uncomfortable to use. The workplace culture could also influence whether healthcare workers followed IPC guidelines or not. Across many of the findings, healthcare workers pointed to the importance of including all staff, including cleaning staff, porters, kitchen staff and other support staff when implementing IPC guidelines. Healthcare workers point to several factors that influence their ability and willingness to follow IPC guidelines when managing respiratory infectious diseases. These include factors tied to the guideline itself and how it is communicated, support from managers, workplace culture, training, physical space, access to and trust in personal protective equipment, and a desire to deliver good patient care. The review also highlights the importance of including all facility staff, including support staff, when implementing IPC guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32461287, "title": "Comparison of two commercial molecular tests and a laboratory-developed modification of the CDC 2019-nCoV RT-PCR assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Moore, Nicholas M", "Li, Haiying", "Schejbal, Debra", "Lindsley, Jennifer", "Hayden, Mary K"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461287", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We compared the ability of 2 commercial molecular amplification assays [RealTime SARS-CoV-2 on the m2000 (Abbott) (abbreviated ACOV) and ID NOW\u2122 COVID-19 (Abbott) (abbreviated IDNOW)] and a laboratory-developed test [modified CDC 2019-nCoV RT-PCR assay with RNA extraction by eMag\u00ae (bioM\u00e9rieux) and amplification on QuantStudio\u2122 6 or ABI 7500 Real-Time PCR System (Life Technologies) (abbreviated CDC COV)] to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in upper respiratory tract specimens. Discrepant results were adjudicated by medical record review. 200 nasopharyngeal swab specimens in viral transport medium (VTM) were collected from symptomatic patients between March 27 and April 9, 2020. Results were concordant for 167 specimens (83.5% overall agreement), including 94 positive and 73 negative specimens. The ACOV assay yielded 33 additional positive results, 25 of which were also positive by the CDC COV assay but not by the IDNOW assay. In a follow-up evaluation, 97 patients for whom a dry nasal swab specimen yielded negative results by IDNOW had a paired nasopharyngeal swab specimen collected in VTM and tested by the ACOV assay; SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 13 (13.4%) of these specimens. Medical record review deemed all discrepant results to be true positives. The IDNOW test was the easiest to perform and provided a result in the shortest time, but detected fewer cases of COVID-19. The ACOV assay detected more cases of COVID-19 than CDC COV or IDNOW assays."}, {"pmid": 32152592, "title": "Coronavirus: the first three months as it happened.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152592", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432672, "title": "Simulated Sunlight Rapidly Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ratnesar-Shumate, Shanna", "Williams, Gregory", "Green, Brian", "Krause, Melissa", "Holland, Brian", "Wood, Stewart", "Bohannon, Jordan", "Boydston, Jeremy", "Freeburger, Denise", "Hooper, Idris", "Beck, Katie", "Yeager, John", "Altamura, Louis A", "Biryukov, Jennifer", "Yolitz, Jason", "Schuit, Michael", "Wahl, Victoria", "Hevey, Michael", "Dabisch, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432672", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 is stable on surfaces for extended periods under indoor conditions. In the present study, simulated sunlight rapidly inactivated SARS-CoV-2 suspended in either simulated saliva or culture media and dried on stainless steel coupons. Ninety percent of infectious virus was inactivated every 6.8 minutes in simulated saliva and every 14.3 minutes in culture media when exposed to simulated sunlight representative of the summer solstice at 40oN latitude at sea level on a clear day. Significant inactivation also occurred, albeit at a slower rate, under lower simulated sunlight levels. The present study provides the first evidence that sunlight may rapidly inactivate SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces, suggesting that persistence, and subsequently exposure risk, may vary significantly between indoor and outdoor environments. Additionally, these data indicate that natural sunlight may be effective as a disinfectant for contaminated non-porous materials."}, {"pmid": 32215898, "title": "CT morphology of COVID-19: Case report and review of literature.", "journal": "Rofo", "authors": ["Hamer, Okka Wilkea", "Salzberger, Bernd", "Gebauer, Johannes", "Stroszczynski, Christian", "Pfeifer, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215898", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229753, "pmcid": "PMC7172566", "title": "To Protect Healthcare Workers Better, To Save More Lives.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Chen, Weiyun", "Huang, Yuguang"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229753", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has thus far caused a total of 81,747 confirmed cases with 3,283 deaths in China, and more than 370,000 confirmed cases including over 16,000 deaths around the world by March 24, 2020. This issue has received extensive attention from the international community and has become a major public health priority. As the pandemic progresses, it is regrettable to know the healthcare workers, including anesthesiologists, being infected constantly. Therefore, we would like to share our firsthand practical experience and perspective in China, focusing on the personal protection of healthcare workers and the risk factors related to their infection, based on the different stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in China."}, {"pmid": 32407783, "pmcid": "PMC7213969", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Patients With Liver Injury.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Chen, Peng", "Zhou, Benhong"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407783", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381428, "pmcid": "PMC7190511", "title": "Clinical and histopathological study of skin dermatoses in patients affected by COVID-19 infection in the Northern part of Italy.", "journal": "J Dermatol Sci", "authors": ["Gianotti, Raffaele", "Zerbi, Pietro", "Dodiuk-Gad, Roni P"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381428", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434792, "title": "Covid-19 and alcohol-a dangerous cocktail.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Finlay, Ilora", "Gilmore, Ian"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434792", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259878, "pmcid": "PMC7235511", "title": "A case of exacerbation of psoriasis after oseltamivir and hydroxychloroquine in a patient with COVID-19: Will cases of psoriasis increase after COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kutlu, Omer", "Metin, Ahmet"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259878", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434145, "title": "No Place Like Home: Cross-National Data Analysis of the Efficacy of Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Delen, Dursun", "Eryarsoy, Enes", "Davazdahemami, Behrooz"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434145", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the absence of a cure in the time of a pandemic, social distancing measures seem to be the most effective intervention to slow the spread of disease. Various simulation-based studies have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of these measures. While those studies unanimously confirm the mitigating effect of social distancing on disease spread, the reported effectiveness varies from 10% to more than 90% reduction in the number of infections. This level of uncertainty is mostly due to the complex dynamics of epidemics and their time-variant parameters. However, real transactional data can reduce uncertainty and provide a less noisy picture of the effectiveness of social distancing. The aim of this paper was to integrate multiple transactional data sets (GPS mobility data from Google and Apple as well as disease statistics from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) to study the role of social distancing policies in 26 countries and analyze the transmission rate of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic over the course of 5 weeks. Relying on the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model and official COVID-19 reports, we first calculated the weekly transmission rate (\u03b2) of COVID-19 in 26 countries for 5 consecutive weeks. Then, we integrated these data with the Google and Apple mobility data sets for the same time frame and used a machine learning approach to investigate the relationship between the mobility factors and \u03b2 values. Gradient boosted trees regression analysis showed that changes in mobility patterns resulting from social distancing policies explain approximately 47% of the variation in the disease transmission rates. Consistent with simulation-based studies, real cross-national transactional data confirms the effectiveness of social distancing interventions in slowing the spread of COVID-19. In addition to providing less noisy and more generalizable support for the idea of social distancing, we provide specific insights for public health policy makers regarding locations that should be given higher priority for enforcing social distancing measures."}, {"pmid": 32451230, "pmcid": "PMC7165284", "title": "Virtual assistance in oral medicine for prioritizing oral cancer diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol", "authors": ["Lopes, Marcio Ajudarte", "Santos-Silva, Alan Roger", "Vargas, Pablo Agustin", "Kowalski, Luiz Paulo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291828, "pmcid": "PMC7235523", "title": "Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: How to manage immunosuppressants in COVID-19 days.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Coletto, Lavinia Agra", "Favalli, Ennio Giulio", "Caporali, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291828", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524171, "title": "Correction to: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of the lung reveals multiple areas of microthrombi in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Tee, Alice", "Wong, Adrian", "Yusuff, Gibran Timothy", "Rao, Deepak", "Sidhu, Paul S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524171", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The original version of this article unfortunately contained two mistakes."}, {"pmid": 32501384, "pmcid": "PMC7256341", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: a viewpoint from Asia.", "journal": "Bull Natl Res Cent", "authors": ["Abdullah-Al-Shafi, Md"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501384", "countries": ["Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "Spain", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The expansion of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) has now procured on epidemic percentages, affecting more than 190 nations in a matter of weeks. A widespread SARSCoV-2 contagion begun in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and circulate through China and beyond in December 2019. The containment events in China have lessened new instances by more than 90%, but this diminution is not the case to a different place. European countries like Italy and Spain have been the most affected. In Asia, the COVID-19 brings a catastrophe where after China mainland, countries like Iran and South Korea have been affected. There is now severe apprehension concerning the Asian health care system's ability to effectually counter to the necessities of patients who are infected and need rigorous precaution for COVID-19. The patient's ratio in special care reported in Iran has perpetually been between 6 and 8% who are rapidly infected. As about South Korea, the ratio is 3% and 4% who are rapidly infected. This analysis emphasizes the epidemiology of COVID-19, its effects in the Asia continent, and active case study of COVID-19 including the distinct countries."}, {"pmid": 32298150, "title": "Radiologic Findings of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Clinical Correlation Is Recommended.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Kooraki, Soheil", "Hosseiny, Melina", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298150", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32288357, "pmcid": "PMC7136889", "title": "Modeling and forecasting of epidemic spreading: The case of Covid-19 and beyond.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Boccaletti, Stefano", "Ditto, William", "Mindlin, Gabriel", "Atangana, Abdon"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288357", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31995857, "pmcid": "PMC7121484", "title": "Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Li, Qun", "Guan, Xuhua", "Wu, Peng", "Wang, Xiaoye", "Zhou, Lei", "Tong, Yeqing", "Ren, Ruiqi", "Leung, Kathy S M", "Lau, Eric H Y", "Wong, Jessica Y", "Xing, Xuesen", "Xiang, Nijuan", "Wu, Yang", "Li, Chao", "Chen, Qi", "Li, Dan", "Liu, Tian", "Zhao, Jing", "Liu, Man", "Tu, Wenxiao", "Chen, Chuding", "Jin, Lianmei", "Yang, Rui", "Wang, Qi", "Zhou, Suhua", "Wang, Rui", "Liu, Hui", "Luo, Yinbo", "Liu, Yuan", "Shao, Ge", "Li, Huan", "Tao, Zhongfa", "Yang, Yang", "Deng, Zhiqiang", "Liu, Boxi", "Ma, Zhitao", "Zhang, Yanping", "Shi, Guoqing", "Lam, Tommy T Y", "Wu, Joseph T", "Gao, George F", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Yang, Bo", "Leung, Gabriel M", "Feng, Zijian"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31995857", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and January 2020. We analyzed data on the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of NCIP. We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of laboratory-confirmed cases of NCIP that had been reported by January 22, 2020. We described characteristics of the cases and estimated the key epidemiologic time-delay distributions. In the early period of exponential growth, we estimated the epidemic doubling time and the basic reproductive number. Among the first 425 patients with confirmed NCIP, the median age was 59 years and 56% were male. The majority of cases (55%) with onset before January 1, 2020, were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, as compared with 8.6% of the subsequent cases. The mean incubation period was 5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 7.0), with the 95th percentile of the distribution at 12.5 days. In its early stages, the epidemic doubled in size every 7.4 days. With a mean serial interval of 7.5 days (95% CI, 5.3 to 19), the basic reproductive number was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9). On the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019. Considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere. Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be implemented in populations at risk. (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and others.)."}, {"pmid": 32397199, "title": "What Caused the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: From the Perspective of Crisis Management.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Shangguan, Ziheng", "Wang, Mark Yaolin", "Sun, Wen"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397199", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, China on 8 December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries, causing a worldwide public health crisis. The existing literature fails to examine what caused this sudden outbreak from a crisis management perspective. This article attempts to fill this research gap through analysis of big data, officially released information and other social media sources to understand the root cause of the crisis as it relates to China's current management system and public health policy. The article draws the following conclusions: firstly, strict government control over information was the main reason for the early silencing of media announcements, which directly caused most people to be unprepared and unaware of COVID-19. Secondly, a choice between addressing a virus with an unknown magnitude and nature, and mitigating known public panic during a politically and culturally sensitive time, lead to falsehood and concealment. Thirdly, the weak autonomous management power of local public health management departments is not conducive for providing a timely response to the crisis. Finally, the privatization of many state-owned hospitals led to the unavailability of public health medical resources to serve affected patients in the Wuhan and Hubei Province. This article suggests that China should adopt a Singaporean-style public health crisis information management system to ensure information disclosure and information symmetry and should use it to monitor public health crises in real time. In addition, the central government should adopt the territorial administration model of a public health crisis and increase investment in public health in China."}, {"pmid": 32282026, "title": "Call to action for the cardiovascular side of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Emanueli, Costanza", "Badimon, Lina", "Martelli, Fabio", "Potocnjak, Ines", "Carpusca, Irina", "Robinson, Emma L", "Devaux, Yvan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282026", "topics": ["General Info", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240830, "pmcid": "PMC7270723", "title": "Will the Quality of Research Remain the Same During the COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240830", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409152, "pmcid": "PMC7177095", "title": "Supporting Adolescents and Young Adults Exposed to or Experiencing Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Ragavan, Maya I", "Culyba, Alison J", "Muhammad, Fatimah L", "Miller, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409152", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521411, "title": "Excess mortality during the Covid-19 pandemic: Early evidence from England and Wales.", "journal": "Soc Sci Med", "authors": ["Vandoros, Sotiris"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521411", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has claimed many lives in the UK and globally. The objective of this paper is to study whether the number of deaths not registered as Covid-19-related has increased compared to what would have been expected in the absence of the pandemic. Reasons behind this might include Covid-19 underreporting, avoiding visits to hospitals or GPs, and the effects of the lockdown. I used weekly ONS data on the number of deaths in England and Wales that did not officially involve Covid-19 over the period 2015-2020. Simply observing trends is not sufficient as spikes in deaths may occasionally occur. I thus followed a difference-in-differences econometric approach to study whether there was a relative increase in deaths not registered as Covid-19-related during the pandemic, compared to a control. Results suggest that there were an additional 968 weekly deaths that officially did not involve Covid-19, compared to what would have otherwise been expected. It is possible that some people are dying from Covid-19 without being diagnosed, and/or that there are excess deaths due to other causes as a result of the pandemic. Analysing the cause of death for any excess non-covid-19 deaths will shed light upon the reasons for the increase in such deaths and will help design appropriate policy responses to save lives."}, {"pmid": 32484418, "title": "Focal Cerebral Arteriopathy in a COVID-19 Pediatric Patient.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Mirzaee, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi", "Goncalves, Fabricio Guimaraes", "Mohammadifard, Mahyar", "Tavakoli, Shirin Mojgan", "Vossough, Arastoo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484418", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482373, "pmcid": "PMC7241374", "title": "Tocilizumab: A Therapeutic Option for the Treatment of Cytokine Storm Syndrome in COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Saha, Abinit", "Sharma, Ashish Ranjan", "Bhattacharya, Manojit", "Sharma, Garima", "Lee, Sang-Soo", "Chakraborty, Chiranjib"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482373", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Presently, we need more therapeutic molecules for this COVID-19 outbreak. The severity and mortality of the disease is associated with a high level of release of cytokine in the patients which is known as CRS (cytokine release syndrome) or cytokine storm syndrome. IL-6 is a type of pro-inflammatory cytokine which release in the severe COVID-19 patients. This cytokine initiates CRS the JAK-STAT or MAPK/NF-\u03baB-IL-6 pathway. Tocilizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, is designed to bind both mIL-6R (membrane bound receptor for IL-6) and sIL-6R (soluble receptor for IL-6) and inhibit the JAK-STAT or MAPK/NF-\u03baB-IL-6 signaling pathway. It finally stops the cytokine storm syndrome. However, we need to understand that how tocilizumab is bound with mIL-6R or sIL-6R. Similarly, we also need to understand more about the real molecular mechanism of activity of tocilizumab."}, {"pmid": 32519944, "title": "The Characteristics of 50 Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients With and Without ARDS.", "journal": "Dtsch Arztebl Int", "authors": ["Dreher, Michael", "Kersten, Alexander", "Bickenbach, Johannes", "Balfanz, Paul", "Hartmann, Bojan", "Cornelissen, Christian", "Daher, Ayham", "Stohr, Robert", "Kleines, Michael", "Lemmen, Sebastian W", "Brokmann, Jorg Christian", "Muller, Tobias", "Muller-Wieland, Dirk", "Marx, Gernot", "Marx, Nikolaus"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519944", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The type of pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) that is caused by the new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) is now spreading across the world in a pandemic. Many patients with COVID-19 were admitted to the University Hospital Aachen during an outbreak that first struck the Heinsberg district in February 2020. A comparative presentation of the clinical features of the first 50 COVID-19 patients with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who were hospitalized in the University Hospital Aachen. 24 intubated patients were treated in the intensive care unit for ARDS of varying degrees of severity, while 26 patients who were breathing spontaneously without ARDS, but nevertheless needed supplemental oxygen, were treated in a separate isolation ward. The median age of the patients was 65 (IQR 58-76). The median latency from symptom onset to hospitalization was four days (IQR 1-8). Patients with ARDS had preexisting respiratory diseases more commonly than patients without ARDS (58% [95% confidence interval: 39; 76] versus 42% [26; 61]) and were more commonly overweight or obese (83% [64; 93] versus 42% [26; 61]). The two groups did not differ in viral burden but displayed significant differences in laboratory findings: ARDS patients had persistently elevated values for leukocytes, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and D-dimers over the period of observation. Patients without ARDS had persistently elevated inflammatory parameters and fever for at least one week, with an accompanying need for supplemental oxygen. Three of the patients with ARDS died of multiorgan failure, while four in the non-ARDS group died of respiratory insufficiency. This initial description of a cohort of COVID-19 patients with and without ARDS in Germany reveals that those with ARDS more commonly have preexisting respiratory diseases and obesity, as well as persistently elevated inflammatory markers. COVID-19 patients without ARDS may likewise require prolonged hospitalization because of persistently elevated inflammatory values with a simultaneous need for supplemental oxygen."}, {"pmid": 32265183, "title": "COVID-19: Risk of increase in smoking rates among England's 6 million smokers and relapse among England's 11 million ex-smokers.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Patwardhan, Pooja"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265183", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518440, "pmcid": "PMC7270371", "title": "Why coronavirus death rate is so hard to pin down.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Le Page, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518440", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259313, "pmcid": "PMC7262196", "title": "Review of Emerging Pharmacotherapy for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Pharmacotherapy", "authors": ["Barlow, Ashley", "Landolf, Kaitlin M", "Barlow, Brooke", "Yeung, Siu Yan Amy", "Heavner, Jason J", "Claassen, Cassidy W", "Heavner, Mojdeh S"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259313", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into an emergent global pandemic. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can manifest on a spectrum of illness from mild disease to severe respiratory failure requiring intensive care unit admission. As the incidence continues to rise at a rapid pace, critical care teams are faced with challenging treatment decisions. There is currently no widely accepted standard of care in the pharmacologic management of patients with COVID-19. Urgent identification of potential treatment strategies is a priority. Therapies include novel agents available in clinical trials or through compassionate use, and other drugs, repurposed antiviral and immunomodulating therapies. Many have demonstrated in vitro or in vivo potential against other viruses that are similar to SARS-CoV-2. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 have additional considerations related to adjustments for organ impairment and renal replacement therapies, complex lists of concurrent medications, limitations with drug administration and compatibility, and unique toxicities that should be evaluated when utilizing these therapies. The purpose of this review is to summarize practical considerations for pharmacotherapy in patients with COVID-19, with the intent of serving as a resource for health care providers at the forefront of clinical care during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32283237, "pmcid": "PMC7146719", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin: A synergistic combination for COVID-19 chemoprophylaxis and treatment?", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Patri, Angela", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283237", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437114, "pmcid": "PMC7253042", "title": "Early Rehabilitation for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: More Benefits Than Risks.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Yu, Pengming", "Wei, Quan", "He, Chengqi"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437114", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292588, "pmcid": "PMC7128843", "title": "A Sever case of of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Gansu.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Yingjie", "Zhang, Liping"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292588", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak infection with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has developed in Wuhan since December 2019.This paper describes the first critical case in Gansu China."}, {"pmid": 32423262, "title": "Psychological status of postpartum women under the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Suzuki, Shunji"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423262", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Under the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic, limitations are known to cause some psychosocial problems. We compared the results of mental screening of the postpartum women conducted during the COVID-19 epidemic with those at the same period last year. Based on the results, the worse mother-infant bonding was suspected at 1\u00a0month after birth under the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32109273, "pmcid": "PMC7107563", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: estimating the epidemic potential and effectiveness of public health countermeasures.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Rocklov, J", "Sjodin, H", "Wilder-Smith, A"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32109273", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cruise ships carry a large number of people in confined spaces with relative homogeneous mixing. On 3 February, 2020, an outbreak of COVID-19 on cruise ship Diamond Princess was reported with 10 initial cases, following an index case on board around 21-25th January. By 4th February, public health measures such as removal and isolation of ill passengers and quarantine of non-ill passengers were implemented. By 20th February, 619 of 3700 passengers and crew (17%) were tested positive. We estimated the basic reproduction number from the initial period of the outbreak using SEIR models. We calibrated the models with transient functions of countermeasures to incidence data. We additionally estimated a counterfactual scenario in absence of countermeasures, and established a model stratified by crew and guests to study the impact of differential contact rates among the groups. We also compared scenarios of an earlier versus later evacuation of the ship. The basic reproduction rate was initially 4 times higher on-board compared to the ${R}_0$ in the epicentre in Wuhan, but the countermeasures lowered it substantially. Based on the modeled initial ${R}_0$ of 14.8, we estimated that without any interventions within the time period of 21 January to 19 February, 2920 out of the 3700 (79%) would have been infected. Isolation and quarantine therefore prevented 2307 cases, and lowered the ${R}_0$ to 1.78. We showed that an early evacuation of all passengers on 3 February would have been associated with 76 infected persons in their incubation time. The cruise ship conditions clearly amplified an already highly transmissible disease. The public health measures prevented more than 2000 additional cases compared to no interventions. However, evacuating all passengers and crew early on in the outbreak would have prevented many more passengers and crew from infection."}, {"pmid": 32209888, "title": "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for COVID-19 (Trial Version 6).", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209888", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333961, "pmcid": "PMC7175858", "title": "Family-Centered Care During the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Hart, Joanna L", "Turnbull, Alison E", "Oppenheim, Ian M", "Courtright, Katherine R"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333961", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Family support is more, not less, important during crisis. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining public safety necessitates restricting the physical presence of families for hospitalized patients. In response, health systems must rapidly adapt family-centric procedures and tools to circumvent restrictions on physical presence. Strategies for maintaining family integrity must acknowledge clinicians' limited time and attention to devote to learning new skills. Internet-based solutions can facilitate the routine, predictable, and structured communication, which is central to family-centered care. But the reliance on technology may compromise patient privacy and exacerbate racial, socioeconomic, and geographic disparities for populations that lack access to reliable internet access, devices, or technological literacy. We provide a toolbox of strategies for supporting family-centered inpatient care during physical distancing responsive to the current clinical climate. Innovations in the implementation of family involvement during hospitalizations may lead to long-term progress in the delivery of family-centered care."}, {"pmid": 32410412, "pmcid": "PMC7231612", "title": "Association between Initial Chest CT or Clinical Features and Clinical Course in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Liu, Zhe", "Jin, Chao", "Wu, Carol C", "Liang, Ting", "Zhao, Huifang", "Wang, Yan", "Wang, Zekun", "Li, Fen", "Zhou, Jie", "Cai, Shubo", "Zeng, Lingxia", "Yang, Jian"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410412", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify the initial chest computed tomography (CT) findings and clinical characteristics associated with the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Baseline CT scans and clinical and laboratory data of 72 patients admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia (39 men, 46.2 \u00b1 15.9 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline CT findings including lobar distribution, presence of ground glass opacities, consolidation, linear opacities, and lung severity score were evaluated. The outcome event was recovery with hospital discharge. The time from symptom onset to discharge or the end of follow-up (for those remained hospitalized) was recorded. Data were censored in events such as death or discharge without recovery. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to explore the association between initial CT, clinical or laboratory findings, and discharge with recovery, whereby hazard ratio (HR) values < 1 indicated a lower rate of discharge at four weeks and longer time until discharge. Thirty-two patients recovered and were discharged during the study period with a median length of admission of 16 days (range, 9 to 25 days), while the rest remained hospitalized at the end of this study (median, 17.5 days; range, 4 to 27 days). None died during the study period. After controlling for age, onset time, lesion characteristics, number of lung lobes affected, and bilateral involvement, the lung severity score on baseline CT (> 4 vs. \u2264 4 [reference]: adjusted HR = 0.41 [95% confidence interval, CI = 0.18-0.92], p = 0.031) and initial lymphocyte count (reduced vs. normal or elevated [reference]: adjusted HR = 0.14 [95% CI = 0.03-0.60], p = 0.008) were two significant independent factors that influenced recovery and discharge. Lung severity score > 4 and reduced lymphocyte count at initial evaluation were independently associated with a significantly lower rate of recovery and discharge and extended hospitalization in patients admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32405152, "pmcid": "PMC7218376", "title": "Precautions and recommendations for orthodontic settings during the COVID-19 outbreak: A review.", "journal": "Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop", "authors": ["Turkistani, Khadijah A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405152", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is contagious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It emerged as a global pandemic early in 2020, affecting more than 2000 countries and territories. The infection is highly contagious with disease transmission reported from asymptomatic carriers, including children. It spreads through person-to-person contact, via aerosol and droplets. The practice of social distancing - maintaining a distance of 1 - 2 meters or 6 feet -- between people has been widely recommended to slow or halt the spread. This places orthodontists at high risk of acquiring and transmitting the infection. The objective of this review is to report to orthodontists on the emergence, epidemiology, risks, and precautions during disease crisis. This should help increase awareness, reinforce infection control and prevent cross-transmission within the orthodontic facility. A comprehensive literature review of English and non-English articles was performed in March, 2020 using (CORD-19 2020) dataset, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar to search for infection control and disease transmission in orthodontics. This review emphasizes minimizing aerosol production and reinforcing strict infection control measures. Compliance with highest level of personal protection and restriction of treatment to emergency cases is recommended during the outbreak. Surface disinfection, adequate ventilation, and decontamination of instruments and supplies following the guidelines is required. Reinforcing strict infection control measures and minimizing personal contact and aerosol production are keys to prevent contamination within the orthodontic settings. Although no cases of COVID-19 cross-transmission within a dental facility have been reported, the risk exists and the disease is still emerging. Further studies are required."}, {"pmid": 32442489, "pmcid": "PMC7237180", "title": "Shared sanitation and the spread of COVID-19: risks and next steps.", "journal": "Lancet Planet Health", "authors": ["Caruso, Bethany A", "Freeman, Matthew C"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442489", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359916, "pmcid": "PMC7194999", "title": "From the editors: The COVID-19 crisis and its implications for pediatric surgeons.", "journal": "J Pediatr Surg", "authors": ["Davenport, Mark", "Pakarinen, Mikko P", "Tam, Paul", "Laje, Pablo", "Holcomb, George W 3rd"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359916", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312491, "pmcid": "PMC7130072", "title": "Medication Shortages During the COVID-19 Crisis: What We Must Do.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Choo, Esther K", "Rajkumar, S Vincent"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312491", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506525, "title": "Cutaneous lupus erythematosus patients in a high-epidemic COVID-19 area, Bergamo, Italy.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Vezzoli, Pamela", "Di Mercurio, Marco", "Carugno, Andrea", "Gambini, Daniele Mario", "Robustelli Test, Elisa", "Imberti, Gianlorenzo", "Castagna, Angelo Francesco", "Sena, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506525", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474914, "title": "Anxiety and depression levels among pregnant women with COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Kotabagi, Phalguni", "Fortune, Lorna", "Essien, Sandra", "Nauta, Maud", "Yoong, Wai"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474914", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428115, "pmcid": "PMC7213672", "title": "Surgical Practice in the Current COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Systematic Review.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Hojaij, Flavio Carneiro", "Chinelatto, Lucas Albuquerque", "Boog, Gustavo Henrique Pereira", "Kasmirski, Julia Adriana", "Lopes, Joao Vitor Ziroldo", "Sacramento, Fernando Mauad"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428115", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak </mac_aq>started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and evolved into a global problem in a short period. The pandemic has led to many social and health-care challenges. In this context, surgery is an area that is facing the need for many adaptations. In this systematic literature review, we analyzed different perspectives concerning this situation, aiming to provide recommendations that could guide surgeons and </mac_aq>entities toward screening, elective and emergency surgeries, decision making, and operating room management. A computerized search in PubMed, Scopus, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) for relevant literature up to April 4, 2020, was performed. Articles were included if they were related to surgery dynamics in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 281 articles found in our initial search and 15 articles from alternative sources, 39 were included in our review after a systematic evaluation. Concerning preoperative testing </mac_aq>for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, 29 (74.4%) articles recommended some kind of </mac_aq>screening. Another major suggestion was postponing all (or at least selected) elective operations (29 articles, </mac_aq>74.4%). Several additional recommendations with respect to surgical practice or surgical staff were also assessed and discussed, such as performing laparoscopic surgeries and avoiding the use of electrocauterization. On the basis of the current literature, we concluded that any surgery that can be delayed should be postponed. COVID-19 screening is strongly recommended for all surgical cases. Moreover, surgical staff should be reduced to the essential members and provided with institutional psychological support."}, {"pmid": 32420819, "title": "A Reflection of and Charge to Gerontological Social Work: Past Pandemics and the Current COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Hamler, Tyrone C", "English, Sara J", "Beltran, Susanny J", "Miller, Vivian J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420819", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393325, "pmcid": "PMC7213774", "title": "Preparing your intensive care unit for the COVID-19 pandemic: practical considerations and strategies.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Goh, Ken Junyang", "Wong, Jolin", "Tien, Jong-Chie Claudia", "Ng, Shin Yi", "Duu Wen, Sewa", "Phua, Ghee Chee", "Leong, Carrie Kah-Lai"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393325", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly evolved into a worldwide pandemic. Preparing intensive care units (ICU) is an integral part of any pandemic response. In this review, we discuss the key principles and strategies for ICU preparedness. We also describe our initial outbreak measures and share some of the challenges faced. To achieve sustainable ICU services, we propose the need to 1) prepare and implement rapid identification and isolation protocols, and a surge in ICU bed capacity; (2) provide a sustainable workforce with a focus on infection control; (3) ensure adequate supplies to equip ICUs and protect healthcare workers; and (4) maintain quality clinical management, as well as effective communication."}, {"pmid": 32467191, "title": "Brain Imaging Use and Findings in COVID-19: A Single Academic Center Experience in the Epicenter of Disease in the United States.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Radmanesh, A", "Raz, E", "Zan, E", "Derman, A", "Kaminetzky, M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467191", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious public health crisis and can have neurologic manifestations. This is a retrospective observational case series performed March 1-31, 2020, at New York University Langone Medical Center campuses. Clinical and imaging data were extracted, reviewed, and analyzed. Two hundred forty-two patients with COVID-19 underwent CT or MRI of the brain within 2 weeks after the positive result of viral testing (mean age, 68.7 \u00b1 16.5 years; 150 men/92 women [62.0%/38.0%]). The 3 most common indications for imaging were altered mental status (42.1%), syncope/fall (32.6%), and focal neurologic deficit (12.4%). The most common imaging findings were nonspecific white matter microangiopathy (134/55.4%), chronic infarct (47/19.4%), acute or subacute ischemic infarct (13/5.4%), and acute hemorrhage (11/4.5%). No patients imaged for altered mental status demonstrated acute ischemic infarct or acute hemorrhage. White matter microangiopathy was associated with higher 2-week mortality (P < .001). Our data suggest that in the absence of a focal neurologic deficit, brain imaging in patients with early COVID-19 with altered mental status may not be revealing."}, {"pmid": 32312576, "pmcid": "PMC7151532", "title": "Leveraging existing quality improvement communication strategies during the COVID-19 crisis: Creation of an Emergency Department COVID-19 Case Conference.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Sonis, Jonathan D", "Black, Lauren", "Baugh, Joshua", "Benzer, Theodore I", "Hayes, Bryan D", "Raja, Ali S", "White, Benjamin A", "Wilcox, Susan R", "Yun, Brian J", "Aaronson, Emily L"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312576", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463803, "title": "Impaired immune cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19 is IL-6 dependent.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Mazzoni, Alessio", "Salvati, Lorenzo", "Maggi, Laura", "Capone, Manuela", "Vanni, Anna", "Spinicci, Michele", "Mencarini, Jessica", "Caporale, Roberto", "Peruzzi, Benedetta", "Antonelli, Alberto", "Trotta, Michele", "Zammarchi, Lorenzo", "Ciani, Luca", "Gori, Leonardo", "Lazzeri, Chiara", "Matucci, Andrea", "Vultaggio, Alessandra", "Rossi, Oliviero", "Almerigogna, Fabio", "Parronchi, Paola", "Fontanari, Paolo", "Lavorini, Federico", "Peris, Adriano", "Rossolini, Gian Maria", "Bartoloni, Alessandro", "Romagnani, Sergio", "Liotta, Francesco", "Annunziato, Francesco", "Cosmi, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463803", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Anti-viral immune response is crucial to achieve pathogen clearance, however in some patients an excessive and aberrant host immune response can lead to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. The comprehension of the mechanisms that regulate pathogen elimination, immunity, and pathology is essential to better characterize disease progression and widen the spectrum of therapeutic options. We performed a flow cytometric characterization of immune cells subsets from 30 COVID-19 patients and correlated these data with clinical outcomes. COVID-19 patients showed decreased numbers of circulating T, B and NK cells, and exhibited a skewing of CD8+ T cells towards a terminally differentiated/senescent phenotype. In agreement, T CD4+, T CD8+ but also NK cells displayed reduced anti-viral cytokine production capability. Moreover, a reduced cytotoxic potential was identified in COVID-19 patients, particularly in those that required intensive care. The latter group of patients showed also increased serum IL-6 levels, that correlated to the frequency of granzyme-expressing NK cells. Off-label treatment with tocilizumab restored the cytotoxic potential of NK cells. In conclusion, the association between IL-6 serum levels and the impairment of cytotoxic activity suggests the possibility that targeting this cytokine may restore anti-viral mechanisms. This study was supported by funds of Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine of University of Florence (ex-60%) derived from Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca (Italy)."}, {"pmid": 32470212, "title": "Letter to the Editor: Are severe COVID-19 patients more susceptible to conjunctivitis?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Meng", "Dai, Cheng", "Lv, Xiaodong", "Li, Binzhong"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470212", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415341, "pmcid": "PMC7226710", "title": "Oncology services in corona times: a flash interview among German cancer patients and their physicians.", "journal": "J Cancer Res Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Buntzel, Jens", "Klein, Michael", "Keinki, Christian", "Walter, Stefanie", "Buntzel, Judith", "Hubner, Jutta"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415341", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public discussion and health-care systems worldwide have been focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic. Does it have an impact on cancer care today? The PRIO (\"Prevention and Integrative Oncology\") Working Group (German Cancer Society) has initiated an online survey for physicians, medical staff and patients on April 16, 2020. Between April 16 and April 19, 47 doctors and 146 patients filled in the questionnaires. The survey is ongoing. We present the first data. A majority of German patients (76%) and physicians (71%) report moderate or high restriction in their daily life. A minority (patients 25%, physicians 13%) was not worried that necessary treatments or diagnostics were restricted. Organizing cancer care needs more time and efforts for 56% of all reporting doctors. 98% of all oncologists think that restriction of family visits has a negative impact on the mental health of cancer patients. Half of all participants (patients 43%, physicians 47%) expect negative consequences on the physical status of our patients. Patients feel the existing emotional stress in 34% of their physicians. 52% of physicians fear mental and/or physical longtime consequences for themselves. There is a high level of mental and physical stress triggered by the present COVID-19 management. After only a few weeks, human resources are limited. They will be the most important key for further health-care services for patients with cancer and other chronic diseases."}, {"pmid": 32396903, "title": "Venous Thromboembolism Complicated with COVID-19: What Do We Know So Far?", "journal": "Acta Haematol", "authors": ["Tal, Shir", "Spectre, Galia", "Kornowski, Ran", "Perl, Leor"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396903", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is responsible for the ongoing 2019-2020 pandemic. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a frequent cardiovascular and/or respiratory complication among hospitalized patients, is one of the known sequelae of the illness. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients are often elderly, immobile, and show signs of coagulopathy. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume a high incidence of VTE among these patients. Presently, the incidence of VTE is estimated at around 25% of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit for COVID-19 even under anticoagulant treatment at prophylactic doses. In this review, we discuss present knowledge of the topic, the unique challenges of diagnosis and treatment of VTE, as well as some of the potential mechanisms of increased risk for VTE during the illness. Understanding the true impact of VTE on patients with COVID-19 will potentially improve our ability to reach a timely diagnosis and initiate proper treatment, mitigating the risk for this susceptible population during a complicated disease."}, {"pmid": 32498973, "pmcid": "PMC7251394", "title": "Current evidence on pancreatic involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Pancreatology", "authors": ["Thaweerat, Wajana"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498973", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380803, "title": "COVID-19 and clinical mimics. Correct diagnosis is the key to appropriate therapy.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Martin, Kevin", "Chastain, Iryana"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380803", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of 29 April 2020, across the globe, there are 3,216,353 confirmed Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 disease) with 227,894 deaths. The health care infrastructure of most of the countries is overwhelmed due to the gigantic upsurge of the new cases within a short time period. Most of the beds in the regular wards and critical care units are currently occupied by either people under investigation (PUI) or COVID-19 confirmed cases. We hereby discuss the challenges faced while approaching any case of shortness of breath, or other common upper respiratory symptoms during the current COVID-19 pandemic era."}, {"pmid": 32340873, "pmcid": "PMC7172603", "title": "Reply: Thymopoiesis, inflamm-aging, and COVID-19 phenotype.", "journal": "Pediatr Neonatol", "authors": ["Chen, Chih-Jung"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340873", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460422, "title": "Provision of obstetrics and gynaecology services during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of junior doctors in the UK National Health Service.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Rimmer, M P", "Al Wattar, B H"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460422", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is disrupting health services worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the provision of obstetrics and gynaecology services in the UK during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interview-based national survey. Women's healthcare units in the National Health Service. Junior doctors in obstetrics and gynaecology. Participants were interviewed by members of the UK Audit and Research in Obstetrics and Gynaecology trainees' collaborative between 28 March and 7 April 2020. We used a quantitative analysis for closed-ended questions and a thematic framework analysis for open comments. We received responses from 148/155 units (95%), most of the participants were in years 3-7 of training (121/148, 82%). Most completed specific training drills for managing obstetric and gynaecological emergencies in women with COVID-19 (89/148, 60.1%) and two-person donning and doffing of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (96/148, 64.9%). The majority of surveyed units implemented COVID-19-specific protocols (130/148, 87.8%), offered adequate PPE (135/148, 91.2%) and operated dedicated COVID-19 emergency theatres (105/148, 70.8%). Most units reduced face-to-face antenatal clinics (117/148, 79.1%) and suspended elective gynaecology services (131/148, 88.5%). The 2-week referral pathway for oncological gynaecology was not affected in half of the units (76/148, 51.4%), but half reported a planned reduction in oncology surgery (82/148, 55.4%). The provision of obstetrics and gynaecology services in the UK during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be in line with current guidelines, but strategic planning is needed to restore routine gynaecology services and ensure safe access to maternity care in the long term. Provision of obstetrics and gynaecology services during the acute phase of COVID-19 is in line with current guidelines, strategic planning is needed to restore routine services and ensure safe access to care in the long term."}, {"pmid": 32352574, "pmcid": "PMC7267652", "title": "Co-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Patients: Where Are Influenza Virus and Rhinovirus/Enterovirus?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Nowak, Michael D", "Sordillo, Emilia Mia", "Gitman, Melissa R", "Paniz Mondolfi, Alberto E"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352574", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared a global pandemic. Our goal was to determine whether coinfections with other respiratory pathogens occur in a significant subset of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in the greater New York City metropolitan area. During the period from March 16, 2020 through April 20, 2020, our laboratory detected SARS-CoV-2 infection in 8,990 patients of a total 18,704 tested by real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase-chain-reaction amplification (SARS-CoV-2 Test, cobas\u00ae 6800 system, RocheDiagnostics). Amongst the patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 1,204 were also tested for other respiratory viruses, and concurrent infection was found in only 36 (< 3%). In comparison, coinfection with at least one non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viral pathogen was found in 13.1% of patients who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, in patients who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, the most common respiratory virus co-infections were those commonly seen circulating in the community including rhinovirus/enterovirus, influenza viruses and coronavirus NL63, whereas non-SARS-CoV-2 coronaviridae were the most common concurrent respiratory viruses found in SARS-CoV-2 -positive patients. Additional studies are needed to establish whether simultaneous viral infection in SARS-CoV-2 patients could potential drive viral interference or influence disease outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32441246, "title": "Does obstructive sleep apnea lead to increased risk of COVID-19 infection and severity?", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Tufik, Sergio", "Gozal, David", "Ishikura, Isabela Antunes", "Pires, Gabriel Natan", "Andersen, Monica Levy"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441246", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484906, "title": "Prevalence and Mortality due to Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in beta-Thalassemias: The Nationwide Iranian Experience.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Karimi, Mehran", "Haghpanah, Sezaneh", "Azarkeivan, Azita", "Zahedi, Zohreh", "Zarei, Tahereh", "Akhavan Tavakoli, Maryam", "Bazrafshan, Asghar", "Shirkavand, Afshan", "De Sanctis, Vincezo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484906", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, an ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that was termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), was reported in Wuhan, China (Zhu, et al 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32371815, "pmcid": "PMC7236840", "title": "Hypertension and coronavirus disease 2019: what do we really know?", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Mandler, Ari G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371815", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358234, "pmcid": "PMC7268866", "title": "The American College of Nuclear Medicine Guidance on Operating Procedures for a Nuclear Medicine Facility During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Tulchinsky, Mark", "Osmany, Saabry"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358234", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2 pandemic is causing widespread disruption in everyday life necessitating urgent and radical adaptations in operating procedures at Nuclear Medicine facilities. The potential for causing severe illness, COVID-19, calls for strict observance of preventive measures aimed to mitigate the spread of the virus. The threat of COVID-19 is particularly serious as there is no vaccine and no specific antiviral therapy. Further complications are introduced by shortages of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers who have direct contact with patients and effective testing to identify infected patients, raising the need for delaying some testing and therapies. Certain vulnerable segments of the general population have been identified (advanced age and certain comorbidities), which should heighten further their preventive efforts. Therefore, this guidance is intended to be operationalized depending on a facility's specific needs and local disease prevalence."}, {"pmid": 32302407, "pmcid": "PMC7188113", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Physical Therapist Practice in Portugal.", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Alpalhao, Vanessa", "Alpalhao, Miguel"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302407", "countries": ["Portugal"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445697, "pmcid": "PMC7239015", "title": "Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA: Will We Better Prepared Next Time?", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bearman, Gonzalo", "Pryor, Rachel", "Vokes, Rebecca", "Cooper, Kaila", "Doll, Michelle", "Godbout, Emily J", "Stevens, Michael P"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445697", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The United States (US) spends more on healthcare than any other country with little evidence of better, or even comparable, outcomes. We reflect on the US and the COVID-19 pandemic and focus on cultural, economic and structural barriers that threaten both current and future responses to infectious diseases emergencies. These include the US healthcare delivery model, the defunding of public health, a scarcity of infectious diseases physicians, the market failure of vaccines and anti-infectives and the concept of American exceptionalism. Without institutionalizing the lessons learned, the US will be positioned to repeat the missteps of COVID-19 with the next pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32496948, "title": "COVID-19 and a New Normal?", "journal": "J Pastoral Care Counsel", "authors": ["Bard, Terry R"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496948", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416987, "pmcid": "PMC7200384", "title": "Rapid training of healthcare staff for protected cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Foong, Theng W", "Hui Ng, Elizabeth S", "Wee Khoo, Cicely Y", "Ashokka, Balakrishnan", "Khoo, Deborah", "Agrawal, Rohit"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416987", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420925, "title": "Implications of SARSr-CoV 2 infection in thalassemias: Do patients fall into the \"high clinical risk\" category?", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Karimi, Mehran", "De Sanctis, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420925", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We're all flying blind regarding coronavirus, but it's fair to think if thalassemic patients are particularly vulnerable to SARS-COV-2\u00a0 infection or are at potential higher risk of complications from COVID-19 than normal population, specially when they become older. The frustrating thing is that, right now,\u00a0 this virus is still new. It only came to the attention of the World Health Organization at the end of December. Very few cases in thalassemia have so far been reported; is this due to lack of testing or a true lack of infection/susceptibility? However, we believe that more data should be collected to better characterise the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with thalassemias. Therefore, a multicenter registry and the collection of comprehensive data from both positive COVID-19 thalassemia major and non-transfusion dependent thalassemia are necessary to clarify debated issues. In the meantime an early and vigilant monitoring along with high quality supportive care are needed in thalassemic patients at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32374932, "pmcid": "PMC7235525", "title": "The role of human biology in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Hum Biol", "authors": ["Leonard, William R"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374932", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497812, "pmcid": "PMC7264924", "title": "Effect of the Wet Market on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission dynamics in China, 2019-2020.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mizumoto, Kenji", "Kagaya, Katsushi", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497812", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) originating from Wuhan rapidly spread throughout China. While its origin remains uncertain, accumulating evidence links a wet market for the early SARS-CoV-2 spread in Wuhan. Similarly, the influence of the marketplace on the early transmission dynamics is yet to be investigated. Using the daily series of COVID-19 incidence stratified according to contact history with the market, we have conducted quantitative modeling analyses to estimate the reproduction numbers (R) for the market-to-human and human-to-human transmission, the reporting probability and the early effects of public health interventions. We estimated R at 0.24 (95%CrI: 0.01-1.38) for market-to-human transmission, and 2.37 (95%CrI: 2.08-2.71) for human-to-human transmission during the early spread in China (2019-2020). Moreover, we estimated that the reporting rate for cases stemming from market-to-human transmission was 2-34 fold higher than that for cases stemming from human-to-human transmission, suggesting that contact history with the wet market played a key role in identifying COVID-19 cases. Our R estimate tied to market-to-human transmission has substantial uncertainty, but it was significantly lower compared to the reproduction number driving human-to-human transmission. Our results also suggest that asymptomatic and subclinical infections constitute a substantial component of the COVID-19 morbidity burden."}, {"pmid": 32294763, "title": "[Responsibilities of Weaning Centers during the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak - Recommendations for the Assignment of ICU Capacities in COVID-19 Patients as shown by the Berlin-Brandenburg POST-SAVE-Model].", "journal": "Pneumologie", "authors": ["Wiesner, B", "Bachmann, M", "Blum, T-G", "Forchheim, S", "Geiseler, J", "Kassin, A", "Kretzschmar, E", "Weber-Carstens, S", "Westhoff, M", "Witzenrath, M", "Grohe, C"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294763", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The enormous increase in patients with severe respiratory distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak requires a systematic approach to optimize ventilated patient at risk flow. A standardised algorithm called \"SAVE\" was developed to distribute patients with COVID-19 respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive ventilation. This program is established by now in Berlin. An instrumental bottleneck of this approach is the vacant slot assignment in the intensive care unit to guarantee constant patient flow. The transfer of the patients after acute care treatment is needed urgently to facilitate the weaning process. In a next step we developed a triage algorithm to identify patients at SAVE intensive care units with potential to wean and transfer to weaning institutions\u200a-\u200awe called POST SAVE. This manuscript highlights the algorithms including the use of a standardised digital evaluation tool, the use of trained navigators to facilitate the communication between SAVE intensive care units and weaning institutions and the establishment of a prospective data registry for patient assignment and reevaluation of the weaning potential in the future."}, {"pmid": 32297846, "title": "COVID 19 uncertainty.", "journal": "Health Care Women Int", "authors": ["Covan, Eleanor Krassen"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297846", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522306, "title": "COVID-19 in adult patients with congenital heart disease A matter of anatomy or comorbidities?", "journal": "Cardiol Young", "authors": ["Ferrero, Paolo", "Piazza, Isabelle", "Ciuffreda, Matteo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522306", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is know about COVID-19 outcome in specific populations such as ACHD patients.We report three cases of adult patients with similar underlying disease with completely different clinical severity at the time of COVID19 infection.The patient with the most severe clinical course was obese and diabetic, suggesting that COVID-19 mortality and morbidity in ACHD patients might be independent of anatomic complexity."}, {"pmid": 32324442, "title": "Concerns Regarding the Article Entitled 'Safe Handling of Containers of Expressed Human Milk in all Settings During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)'.", "journal": "J Hum Lact", "authors": ["Mitchell, Katrina B", "Weinstein, Sarah R"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324442", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430481, "title": "Incidental COVID-19 related lung apical findings on stroke CTA during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["Kihira, Shingo", "Schefflein, Javin", "Chung, Michael", "Mahmoudi, Keon", "Rigney, Brian", "Delman, Bradley N", "Mocco, J", "Doshi, Amish", "Belani, Puneet"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430481", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Authors have noticed an increase in lung apex abnormalities on CT angiography (CTA) of the head and neck performed for stroke workup during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To evaluate the incidence of these CTA findings and their relation to COVID-19 infection. In this retrospective multicenter institutional review board-approved study, assessment was made of CTA findings of code patients who had a stroke between March 16 and April 5, 2020 at six hospitals across New York City. Demographic data, comorbidities, COVID-19 status, and neurological findings were collected. Assessment of COVID-19 related lung findings on CTA was made blinded to COVID-19 status. Incidence rates of COVID-19 related apical findings were assessed in all code patients who had a stroke and in patients with a stroke confirmed by imaging. The cohort consisted of a total of 118 patients with mean\u00b1SD age of 64.9\u00b115.7 years and 57.6% (68/118) were male. Among all code patients who had a stroke, 28% (33/118) had COVID-19 related lung findings. RT-PCR was positive for COVID-19 in 93.9% (31/33) of these patients with apical CTA findings.Among patients who had a stroke confirmed by imaging, 37.5% (18/48) had COVID-19 related apical findings. RT-PCR was positive for COVID-19 in all (18/18) of these patients with apical findings. The incidence of COVID-19 related lung findings in stroke CTA scans was 28% in all code patients who had a stroke and 37.5% in patients with a stroke confirmed by imaging. Stroke teams should closely assess the lung apices during this COVID-19 pandemic as CTA findings may be the first indicator of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32277021, "title": "Allocation of scarce resources during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Jewish ethical perspective.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Solnica, Amy", "Barski, Leonid", "Jotkowitz, Alan"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277021", "countries": ["United States", "Italy", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel COVID-19 pandemic has placed medical triage decision-making in the spotlight. As life-saving ventilators become scarce, clinicians are being forced to allocate scarce resources in even the wealthiest countries. The pervasiveness of air travel and high rate of transmission has caused this pandemic to spread swiftly throughout the world. Ethical triage decisions are commonly based on the utilitarian approach of maximising total benefits and life expectancy. We present triage guidelines from Italy, USA and the UK as well as the Jewish ethical prospective on medical triage. The Jewish tradition also recognises the utilitarian approach but there is disagreement between the rabbis whether human discretion has any role in the allocation of scarce resources and triage decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32456461, "pmcid": "PMC7255429", "title": "Clinical sequelae of the novel coronavirus: does COVID-19 infection predispose patients to cancer?", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Hays, Priya"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456461", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As cancer patients are clinically known to be predisposed to COVID-19 infection, a corollary question of whether COVID-19 infection predisposes to cancer is explored. This article seeks to establish an association between novel coronavirus sequelae and cancer. A literature review on COVID-19 mechanisms of action, molecular responses it elicits upon infection and tumorigenesis pathways is conducted to establish this association.\u00a0Major signaling pathways implicated in aberrant cellular growth are activated, the ensuing cytokine storm weakens the immune system response to tumors, and patients may develop cancer as a result of superimposed mutagenic and/or carcinogenic events. Future work needs to be performed to support this hypothesis, both in in vitro models and preclinical studies. COVID-19 patients may need to be monitored post-infection for developing cancer."}, {"pmid": 32474035, "pmcid": "PMC7255730", "title": "COVID-19 and the Eye.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhong, Yueyang", "Wang, Kai", "Zhu, Yanan", "Lyu, Danni", "Yao, Ke"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474035", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250244, "pmcid": "PMC7198232", "title": "Potential harmful effects of discontinuing ACE-inhibitors and ARBs in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Rossi, Gian Paolo", "Sanga, Viola", "Barton, Matthias"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250244", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The discovery of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) as the receptor for SARS- CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) has implicated the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The angiotensin converting enzyme-1-angiotensin II-angiotensin AT1 receptor pathway contributes to the pathophysiology of ARDS, whereas activation of the ACE-2-angiotensin(1-7)-angiotensin AT2 receptor and the ACE-2-angiotensin(1-7)-Mas receptor pathways have been shown to be protective. Here we propose and discuss therapeutic considerations how to increase soluble ACE-2 in plasma in order for ACE-2 to capture and thereby inactivate SARS-CoV-2. This could be achieved by administering recombinant soluble ACE-2. We also discuss why and how ACEIs and ARBs provide cardiovascular, renal and also pulmonary protection in SARS-CoV-2- associated ARDS. Discontinuing these medications in COVID-19 patients may therefore potentially be harmful."}, {"pmid": 32414947, "title": "Guidance and best practices for nuclear cardiology laboratories during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC and SNMMI.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Skali, Hicham", "Murthy, Venkatesh L", "Al-Mallah, Mouaz H", "Bateman, Tim M", "Beanlands, Rob", "Better, Nathan", "Calnon, Dennis A", "Dilsizian, Vasken", "Gimelli, Alessia", "Pagnanelli, Robert", "Polk, Donna M", "Soman, Prem", "Thompson, Randall C", "Einstein, Andrew J", "Dorbala, Sharmila"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414947", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354733, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the cardiovascular system: What the non-cardiologist needs to know.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Davis, Gershan K", "Adlan, Ahmed", "Majewski, Jacek", "Ibrahim, Bassem"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354733", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There has been the need to make major modifications to the way cardiology is practised in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. There has also been the need to recognise the complex cardiovascular manifestations and complications of COVID-19. In this article we provide guidance on the management of cardiac patients without COVID-19 in the current pandemic as well as patients with cardiac disease and COVID-19 and patients with cardiac complications of COVID-19. There is also a focus on indications and interpretation of commonly performed cardiac investigations in the setting of COVID-19. References are included from a number of specialist societies and groups."}, {"pmid": 32426556, "pmcid": "PMC7227497", "title": "Follow-up and management of head and neck cancer patients during the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease pandemic.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Chua, Melvin L K", "Ma, Daniel J", "Anderson, Carryn M", "Karam, Sana D", "Margalit, Danielle N", "Kimple, Randall J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426556", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly impacted healthcare delivery around the world. Elective procedures and routine follow-ups have been cancelled and/or converted to tele-health visits by many systems. In this article, we focus on recommendations for the surveillance of head and neck cancer patients during and following radiotherapy treatment. We synthesized information from clinical evidence, existing recommendations from the NCCN, and variations in practice between multiple academic tertiary cancer centers to develop the proposed guidance."}, {"pmid": 32505464, "title": "Am I a Coronavirus?", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Smith, Kelly D", "Akilesh, Shreeram", "Alpers, Charles E", "Nicosia, Roberto F"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505464", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448345, "pmcid": "PMC7245636", "title": "Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of intravenous remdesivir in adult patients with severe COVID-19: study protocol for a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Wang, Yeming", "Zhou, Fei", "Zhang, Dingyu", "Zhao, Jianping", "Du, Ronghui", "Hu, Yi", "Cheng, Zhenshun", "Gao, Ling", "Jin, Yang", "Luo, Guangwei", "Fu, Shouzhi", "Lu, Qiaofa", "Du, Guanhua", "Wang, Ke", "Lu, Yang", "Fan, Guohui", "Zhang, Yi", "Liu, Ying", "Ruan, Shunan", "Liu, Wen", "Jaki, Thomas", "Hayden, Frederick G", "Horby, Peter W", "Cao, Bin", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448345", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel corinavirus (later named SARS-CoV-2 virus), was\u00a0fistly reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China towards the end of 2019. Large-scale spread within China and internationally led the World Health Organization to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30th January 2020. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 virus infection include asymptomatic infection, mild upper respiratory symptoms, severe viral pneumonia with respiratory failure, and even death. There are no antivirals of proven clinical efficacy in coronavirus infections. Remdesivir (GS-5734), a nucleoside analogue, has inhibitory effects on animal and human highly pathogenic coronaviruses, including MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, in in vitro and in vivo experiments. It is also inhibitory against the COVID-19 virus in vitro. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of remdesivir in adult patients with severe COVID-19. The protocol is prepared in accordance with the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) guidelines. This is a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Adults (\u2265\u200918 years) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 virus infection, severe pneumonia signs or symptoms, and radiologically confirmed severe pneumonia are randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to intravenously administered remdesivir or placebo for 10 days. The primary endpoint is time to clinical improvement (censored at day 28), defined as the time (in days) from randomization of study treatment (remdesivir or placebo) until a decline of two categories on a six-category ordinal scale of clinical status (1 = discharged; 6 = death) or live discharge from hospital. One interim analysis for efficacy and futility will be conducted once half of the total number of events required has been observed. This is the first randomized, placebo-controlled trial in COVID-19. Enrolment began in sites in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on 6th February 2020. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04257656. Registered on 6 February 2020."}, {"pmid": 32315800, "pmcid": "PMC7165266", "title": "A model for a ventilator-weaning and early rehabilitation unit to deal with post-ICU impairments with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Levy, Jonathan", "Leotard, Antoine", "Lawrence, Christine", "Paquereau, Julie", "Bensmail, Djamel", "Annane, Djillali", "Delord, Vincent", "Lofaso, Frederic", "Bessis, Simon", "Prigent, Helene"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315800", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387011, "pmcid": "PMC7252125", "title": "Tortoises, hares, and vaccines: A cautionary note for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.", "journal": "Vaccine", "authors": ["Poland, Gregory A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387011", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224711, "pmcid": "PMC7202105", "title": "COVID-19: one threat, one world, one response (magical thinking).", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Miro, Oscar"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224711", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405080, "pmcid": "PMC7219428", "title": "Decreased T cell populations contribute to the increased severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Liu, Rui", "Wang, Ying", "Li, Jie", "Han, Huan", "Xia, Zunen", "Liu, Fang", "Wu, Kailang", "Yang, Lan", "Liu, Xinghui", "Zhu, Chengliang"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405080", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We observe changes of the main lymphocyte subsets (CD16+CD56\u3001CD19\u3001CD3\u3001CD4\u3001and CD8) in COVID-19-infected patients and explore whether the changes are associated with disease severity. One-hundred and fifty-four cases of COVID-19-infected patients were selected and divided into 3 groups (moderate group, severe group and critical group). The flow cytometry assay was performed to examine the numbers of lymphocyte subsets. CD3+, CD4+ and CD8\u00a0+\u00a0T lymphocyte subsets were decreased in COVID-19-infected patients. Compared with the moderate group and the sever group, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the critical group decreased greatly (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001, P\u00a0=\u00a00.005 or P\u00a0=\u00a00.001). Reduced CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocyte counts may reflect the severity of the COVID-19. Monitoring T cell changes has important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of severe patients who may become critically ill."}, {"pmid": 32329977, "title": "Atypical pneumonia diagnosed as coronavirus disease 2019 by a serologic test (patient -1 in Poland).", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Swadzba, Jakub", "Kozlowska, Danuta", "Anyszek, Tomasz", "Dorycka, Malgorzata", "Martin, Emilia", "Piotrowska-Mietelska, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329977", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32119831, "pmcid": "PMC7129529", "title": "Coronavirus outbreak: the role of companies in preparedness and responses.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Fadel, Marc", "Salomon, Jerome", "Descatha, Alexis"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119831", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497969, "pmcid": "PMC7255248", "title": "Depression, anxiety, stress levels of physicians and associated factors in Covid-19 pandemics.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Elbay, Rumeysa Yeni", "Kurtulmus, Ayse", "Arpacioglu, Selim", "Karadere, Emrah"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497969", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate anxiety, stress, and depression levels of physicians during the Covid-19 outbreak and explored associated factors in both clinical and general site. An online survey is conducted to asses\u00a0psychological responses of healthcare workers and related factors during Covid-19 outbreak. It is consisted of three subsections covering the following areas: 1) sociodemographic data 2) information on individuals` working condition 3) Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DAS-21). Of all 442 participants, 286 (64.7%) had symptoms of depression, 224 (51.6%) anxiety, and 182 (41.2%) stress. Being female, young, and single, having less work experience, working in frontline were associated with higher scores, whereas having a child was associated with lower scores in each subscale. Factors found to be associated with higher DAS-21 total scores in frontline workers were as follows: increased weekly working hours, increased number of Covid-19 patients cared for, lower level of support from peers and supervisors, lower logistic support, and lower feelings of competence during Covid-19 related tasks. Our findings highlight the factors which need to be taken into consideration to protect the mental wellbeing of doctors while fighting with a disaster that has major impacts on society worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32506876, "title": "Experience of augmenting critical care capacity in Daegu during COVID-19 incident in South Korea.", "journal": "Acute Crit Care", "authors": ["Kim, Je Hyeong", "Hong, Suk-Kyung", "Kim, Younghwan", "Ryu, Ho Geol", "Park, Chi-Min", "Lee, Young Seok", "Hong, Sung Jin"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506876", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369285, "title": "A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Carmona-Bayonas, Alberto", "Jimenez-Fonseca, Paula", "Castanon, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369285", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32078803, "pmcid": "PMC7133590", "title": "Timely research papers about COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Li, Wen", "Zhang, Qinge", "Jin, Yu", "Rao, Wen-Wang", "Zeng, Liang-Nan", "Lok, Grace K I", "Chow, Ines H I", "Cheung, Teris", "Hall, Brian J"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078803", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205204, "pmcid": "PMC7102549", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Gautret, Philippe", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "Parola, Philippe", "Hoang, Van Thuan", "Meddeb, Line", "Mailhe, Morgane", "Doudier, Barbara", "Courjon, Johan", "Giordanengo, Valerie", "Vieira, Vera Esteves", "Dupont, Herve Tissot", "Honore, Stephane", "Colson, Philippe", "Chabriere, Eric", "La Scola, Bernard", "Rolain, Jean-Marc", "Brouqui, Philippe", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205204", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been found to be efficient on SARS-CoV-2, and reported to be efficient in Chinese COV-19 patients. We evaluate the role of hydroxychloroquine on respiratory viral loads. French Confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in a single arm protocol from early March to March 16th, to receive 600mg of hydroxychloroquine daily and their viral load in nasopharyngeal swabs was tested daily in a hospital setting. Depending on their clinical presentation, azithromycin was added to the treatment. Untreated patients from another center and cases refusing the protocol were included as negative controls. Presence and absence of virus at Day6-post inclusion was considered the end point. Six patients were asymptomatic, 22 had upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and eight had lower respiratory tract infection symptoms. Twenty cases were treated in this study and showed a significant reduction of the viral carriage at D6-post inclusion compared to controls, and much lower average carrying duration than reported of untreated patients in the literature. Azithromycin added to hydroxychloroquine was significantly more efficient for virus elimination. Despite its small sample size our survey shows that hydroxychloroquine treatment is significantly associated with viral load reduction/disappearance in COVID-19 patients and its effect is reinforced by azithromycin."}, {"pmid": 32058086, "pmcid": "PMC7129990", "title": "Novel coronavirus: how things are in Wuhan.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Khan, S", "Nabi, G", "Han, G", "Siddique, R", "Lian, S", "Shi, H", "Bashir, N", "Ali, A", "Shereen, M Adnan"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32058086", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416784, "pmcid": "PMC7255297", "title": "Personal protective equipment needs in the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Gondi, Suhas", "Beckman, Adam L", "Deveau, Nicholas", "Raja, Ali S", "Ranney, Megan L", "Popkin, Rachel", "He, Shuhan"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416784", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422201, "pmcid": "PMC7228725", "title": "Investigation of a COVID-19 outbreak in Germany resulting from a single travel-associated primary case: a case series.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bohmer, Merle M", "Buchholz, Udo", "Corman, Victor M", "Hoch, Martin", "Katz, Katharina", "Marosevic, Durdica V", "Bohm, Stefanie", "Woudenberg, Tom", "Ackermann, Nikolaus", "Konrad, Regina", "Eberle, Ute", "Treis, Bianca", "Dangel, Alexandra", "Bengs, Katja", "Fingerle, Volker", "Berger, Anja", "Hormansdorfer, Stefan", "Ippisch, Siegfried", "Wicklein, Bernd", "Grahl, Andreas", "Portner, Kirsten", "Muller, Nadine", "Zeitlmann, Nadine", "Boender, T Sonia", "Cai, Wei", "Reich, Andreas", "An der Heiden, Maria", "Rexroth, Ute", "Hamouda, Osamah", "Schneider, Julia", "Veith, Talitha", "Muhlemann, Barbara", "Wolfel, Roman", "Antwerpen, Markus", "Walter, Mathias", "Protzer, Ulrike", "Liebl, Bernhard", "Haas, Walter", "Sing, Andreas", "Drosten, Christian", "Zapf, Andreas"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422201", "countries": ["China", "Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December, 2019, the newly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, causing COVID-19, a respiratory disease presenting with fever, cough, and often pneumonia. WHO has set the strategic objective to interrupt spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide. An outbreak in Bavaria, Germany, starting at the end of January, 2020, provided the opportunity to study transmission events, incubation period, and secondary attack rates. A case was defined as a person with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by RT-PCR. Case interviews were done to describe timing of onset and nature of symptoms and to identify and classify contacts as high risk (had cumulative face-to-face contact with a confirmed case for \u226515 min, direct contact with secretions or body fluids of a patient with confirmed COVID-19, or, in the case of health-care workers, had worked within 2 m of a patient with confirmed COVID-19 without personal protective equipment) or low risk (all other contacts). High-risk contacts were ordered to stay at home in quarantine for 14 days and were actively followed up and monitored for symptoms, and low-risk contacts were tested upon self-reporting of symptoms. We defined fever and cough as specific symptoms, and defined a prodromal phase as the presence of non-specific symptoms for at least 1 day before the onset of specific symptoms. Whole genome sequencing was used to confirm epidemiological links and clarify transmission events where contact histories were ambiguous; integration with epidemiological data enabled precise reconstruction of exposure events and incubation periods. Secondary attack rates were calculated as the number of cases divided by the number of contacts, using Fisher's exact test for the 95% CIs. Patient 0 was a Chinese resident who visited Germany for professional reasons. 16 subsequent cases, often with mild and non-specific symptoms, emerged in four transmission generations. Signature mutations in the viral genome occurred upon foundation of generation 2, as well as in one case pertaining to generation 4. The median incubation period was 4\u00b70 days (IQR 2\u00b73-4\u00b73) and the median serial interval was 4\u00b70 days (3\u00b70-5\u00b70). Transmission events were likely to have occurred presymptomatically for one case (possibly five more), at the day of symptom onset for four cases (possibly five more), and the remainder after the day of symptom onset or unknown. One or two cases resulted from contact with a case during the prodromal phase. Secondary attack rates were 75\u00b70% (95% CI 19\u00b70-99\u00b70; three of four people) among members of a household cluster in common isolation, 10\u00b70% (1\u00b72-32\u00b70; two of 20) among household contacts only together until isolation of the patient, and 5\u00b71% (2\u00b76-8\u00b79; 11 of 217) among non-household, high-risk contacts. Although patients in our study presented with predominately mild, non-specific symptoms, infectiousness before or on the day of symptom onset was substantial. Additionally, the incubation period was often very short and false-negative tests occurred. These results suggest that although the outbreak was controlled, successful long-term and global containment of COVID-19 could be difficult to achieve. All authors are employed and all expenses covered by governmental, federal state, or other publicly funded institutions."}, {"pmid": 32156332, "pmcid": "PMC7068161", "title": "Potential scenarios for the progression of a COVID-19 epidemic in the European Union and the European Economic Area, March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Johnson, Helen C", "Gossner, Celine M", "Colzani, Edoardo", "Kinsman, John", "Alexakis, Leonidas", "Beaute, Julien", "Wurz, Andrea", "Tsolova, Svetla", "Bundle, Nick", "Ekdahl, Karl"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156332", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Two months after the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the possibility of established and widespread community transmission in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) is becoming more likely. We provide scenarios for use in preparedness for a possible widespread epidemic. The EU/EEA is moving towards the 'limited sustained transmission' phase. We propose actions to prepare for potential mitigation phases and coordinate efforts to protect the health of citizens."}, {"pmid": 32347747, "title": "Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Int Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Shneider, Alex", "Kudriavtsev, Aleksandr", "Vakhrusheva, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347747", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most devastating events in recent history. The virus causes relatively minor damage to young, healthy populations, imposing life-threatening danger to the elderly and people with diseases of chronic inflammation. Therefore, if we could reduce the risk for vulnerable populations, it would make the COVID-19 pandemic more similar to other typical outbreaks. Children don't suffer from COVID-19 as much as their grandparents and have a much higher melatonin level. Bats are nocturnal animals possessing high levels of melatonin, which may contribute to their high anti-viral resistance. Viruses induce an explosion of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, and melatonin is the best natural antioxidant that is lost with age. The programmed cell death coronaviruses cause, which can result in significant lung damage, is also inhibited by melatonin. Coronavirus causes inflammation in the lungs which requires inflammasome activity. Melatonin blocks these inflammasomes. General immunity is impaired by anxiety and sleep deprivation. Melatonin improves sleep habits, reduces anxiety and stimulates immunity. Fibrosis may be the most dangerous complication after COVID-19. Melatonin is known to prevent fibrosis. Mechanical ventilation may be necessary but yet imposes risks due to oxidative stress, which can be reduced by melatonin. Thus, by using the safe over-the-counter drug melatonin, we may be immediately able to prevent the development of severe disease symptoms in coronavirus patients, reduce the severity of their symptoms, and/or reduce the immuno-pathology of coronavirus infection on patients' health after the active phase of the infection is over."}, {"pmid": 32343505, "title": "Covid-19 - A Reminder to Reason.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zagury-Orly, Ivry", "Schwartzstein, Richard M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343505", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516847, "title": "Successful implementation of preventive measures leads to low relevance of SARS-CoV-2 in liver transplant patients: Observations from a German outpatient department.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ossami Saidy, Ramin Raul", "Globke, Brigitta", "Pratschke, Johann", "Schoening, Wenzel", "Eurich, Dennis"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516847", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Immunosuppressed liver transplant (LT) patients are considered to be at high risk for any kind of infection. What the outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) means for the transplant cohort is a question that, as of now, cannot easily be answered. Data on prevalence, relevance of the novel virus and clinical course of the infection in stable LT patients are limited. Nasopharyngeal swabs were performed in our outpatient department during the shutdown between March and April 2020 in Germany. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 3%. Three out of a cohort of 101 LT-patients were asymptomatic for respiratory diseases. Respiratory complaints were common and not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The overall monthly mortality rate was 0,22% and did not show alterations during the shutdown in Germany. If preventive measures are applied, LT-patients do not seem to be at a higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Telemedicine in the outpatient setting may help to maintain distance and to reduce direct patient contact. However, standard of care must be guaranteed for patients with relevant comorbidities in spite of pandemics, because complications may arise from preexisting conditions."}, {"pmid": 32508078, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women: are there long-term effects in offspring's brain development?", "journal": "Minerva Ginecol", "authors": ["Murina, Filippo", "Sannino, Dario"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508078", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232685, "pmcid": "PMC7104710", "title": "The experience of high-flow nasal cannula in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in two hospitals of Chongqing, China.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Wang, Ke", "Zhao, Wei", "Li, Ji", "Shu, Weiwei", "Duan, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232685", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) is currently ongoing in China. Most of the critically ill patients received high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy. However, the experience of HFNC in this population is lacking. We retrospectively screened 318 confirmed patients with NCIP in two hospitals of Chongqing, China, from January 1st to March 4th, 2020. Among them, 27 (8.4%) patients experienced severe acute respiratory failure including 17 patients (63%) treated with HFNC as first-line therapy, 9 patients (33%) treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and one patient (4%) treated with invasive ventilation. HFNC failure was defined by the need of NIV or intubation as rescue therapy. Of the 17 HFNC patients, 7 (41%) experienced HFNC failure. The HFNC failure rate was 0% (0/6) in patients with PaO2/FiO2\u2009>\u2009200\u00a0mm Hg vs. 63% (7/11) in those with PaO2/FiO2\u2009\u2264\u2009200\u00a0mm Hg (p\u2009=\u20090.04). Compared with baseline data, the respiratory rate significantly decreased after 1-2\u00a0h of HFNC in successful group [median 26 (IQR: 25-29) vs. 23 (22-25), p\u2009=\u20090.03]. However, it did not in the unsuccessful group. After initiation of NIV as rescue therapy among the 7 patients with HFNC failure, PaO2/FiO2 significantly improved after 1-2\u00a0h of NIV [median 172 (150-208) mmHg vs. 114 (IQR: 79-130) under HFNC, p\u2009=\u20090.04]. However, two out of seven (29%) patients with NIV as rescue therapy ultimately received intubation. Among the 27 patients with severe acute respiratory failure, four patients were eventually intubated (15%). Our study indicated that HFNC was the most common ventilation support for patients with NCIP. Patients with lower PaO2/FiO2 were more likely to experience HFNC failure."}, {"pmid": 32405114, "pmcid": "PMC7219388", "title": "The mental health of those whose rights have been taken away: An essay on the mental health of indigenous peoples in the face of the 2019 Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Junior, Jucier Goncalves", "Moreira, Marcial Moreno", "Pinheiro, Woneska Rodrigues", "de Amorim, Liromaria Maria", "Lima, Carlos Kennedy Tavares", "da Silva, Claudio Gleidiston Lima", "Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405114", "countries": ["Canada", "Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Latin America there are about 45 million indigenous people in 826 communities that represent 8.3% of the population. An estimated 798,365 Aboriginal and\u00a0Torres Strait Islander were in Australia, 5,2 million indigenous people living in America and 2,13 million in Canada. Racial/ethnic disparities in mental health service use have increased especially in the context of the new coronavirus pandemic. Thus, we aimed to describe the mental health situation of the indigenous population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic METHOD: : The studies were identified in well-known international journals found in three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and MEDLINE. The data were cross-checked with information from the main international newspapers. According to the literature, due to the COVID-19 pandemic there is a lack of specialized mental health services and professionals, a restricted access to quality information and a lack of access to inputs, causing negative feelings and it can exacerbate pre-existing mental problems (eg: depression, suicidal ideation, smoking and binge drink). The cultural differences are a risk factor to worsen the mental health of this already vulnerable population. providing psychological first aid is an essential care component for indigenous populations that have been victims COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32286118, "pmcid": "PMC7160791", "title": "COVID-19: fail to prepare, prepare to fail.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Abbasi, Kamran"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286118", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449235, "pmcid": "PMC7267155", "title": "Successful recovery from severe COVID-19 pneumonia after kidney transplantation: The interplay between immunosuppression and novel therapy including tocilizumab.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lauterio, Andrea", "Valsecchi, Mila", "Santambrogio, Sara", "De Carlis, Riccardo", "Merli, Marco", "Calini, Angelo", "Centonze, Leonardo", "Buscemi, Vincenzo", "Bottiroli, Maurizio", "Puoti, Massimo", "Fumagalli, Roberto", "De Carlis, Luciano"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449235", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although immunosuppressed patients may be more prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection with atypical presentation, long-term immunosuppression therapy may provide some sort of protection for severe clinical complications of COVID-19. The interaction between immunosuppression and new antiviral drugs in the treatment of transplanted patients contracting COVID-19 has not yet been fully investigated. Moreover, data regarding the optimal management of these patients are still very limited. We report a case of the successful recovery from severe COVID-19 of a kidney-transplanted patient treated with hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, steroid, and tocilizumab."}, {"pmid": 32281055, "pmcid": "PMC7152511", "title": "Cardiovascular Disease and Use of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Cardiovasc Drugs", "authors": ["Kow, Chia Siang", "Zaidi, Syed Tabish Razi", "Hasan, Syed Shahzad"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281055", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is ongoing debate on the safety of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors in COVID-19. Recently published studies highlight a potential relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and COVID-19. This article aims to summarize the evidence on the use of RAS inhibitors in CVD patients with COVID-19, focusing on safety issues of the RAS inhibitors and their relationship with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32396767, "title": "Elucidating biophysical basis of binding of inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2 main protease by using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Sk, Md Fulbabu", "Roy, Rajarshi", "Jonniya, Nisha Amarnath", "Poddar, Sayan", "Kar, Parimal"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396767", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of novel \"coronavirus disease 2019\" (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide, causing a global pandemic. In the present work, we have elucidated the mechanism of binding of two inhibitors, namely \u03b1-ketoamide and Z31792168, to SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro or 3CLpro) by using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. We calculated the total binding free energy (\u0394Gbind) of both inhibitors and further decomposed \u0394Gbind into various forces governing the complex formation using the Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) method. Our calculations reveal that \u03b1-ketoamide is more potent (\u0394Gbind= - 9.05\u2009kcal/mol) compared to Z31792168 (\u0394Gbind= - 3.25\u2009kcal/mol) against COVID-19 3CLpro. The increase in \u0394Gbind for \u03b1-ketoamide relative to Z31792168 arises due to an increase in the favorable electrostatic and van der Waals interactions between the inhibitor and 3CLpro. Further, we have identified important residues controlling the 3CLpro-ligand binding from per-residue based decomposition of the binding free energy. Finally, we have compared \u0394Gbind of these two inhibitors with the anti-HIV retroviral drugs, such as lopinavir and darunavir. It is observed that \u03b1-ketoamide is more potent compared to lopinavir and darunavir. In the case of lopinavir, a decrease in van der Waals interactions is responsible for the lower binding affinity compared to \u03b1-ketoamide. On the other hand, in the case of darunavir, a decrease in the favorable intermolecular electrostatic and van der Waals interactions contributes to lower affinity compared to \u03b1-ketoamide. Our study might help in designing rational anti-coronaviral drugs targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32398816, "title": "Coronavirus shut-downs pose huge threat to Australian research jobs.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Nogrady, Bianca"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398816", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358216, "title": "CREST-2 experience with the evolving challenges of COVID-19: A clinical trial in a pandemic.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Meschia, James F", "Barrett, Kevin M", "Brown, Robert D Jr", "Turan, Tanya N", "Howard, Virginia J", "Voeks, Jenifer H", "Lal, Brajesh K", "Howard, George", "Brott, Thomas G"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has disrupted the lives of whole communities and nations. The multinational multicenter National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Carotid Revascularization and Medical Management for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Trial stroke prevention trial rapidly experienced the effects of the pandemic and had to temporarily suspend new enrollments and shift patient follow-up activities from in-person clinic visits to telephone contacts. There is an ethical obligation to the patients to protect their health while taking every feasible step to ensure that the goals of the trial are successfully met. Here, we describe the effects of the pandemic on the trial and steps that are being taken to mitigate the effects of the pandemic so that trial objectives can be met."}, {"pmid": 32472403, "pmcid": "PMC7259429", "title": "Perspectives from Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic: nationwide survey-based focus on minimally invasive HPB surgery.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Aldrighetti, Luca", "Boggi, Ugo", "Falconi, Massimo", "Giuliante, Felice", "Cipriani, Federica", "Ratti, Francesca", "Torzilli, Guido"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472403", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The safety of minimally invasive procedures during COVID pandemic remains hotly debated, especially in a country, like Italy, where minimally invasive techniques have progressively and pervasively entered clinical practice, in both the hepatobiliary and pancreatic community. A nationwide snapshot of the management of HPB minimally invasive surgery activity during COVID-19 pandemic is provided: a survey was developed and conducted within AICEP (Italian Association of HepatoBilioPancreatic Surgeons) with the final aim of conveying the experience, knowledge, and opinions into a unitary report enabling more efficient crisis management. Results from the survey (81 respondents) show that, in Italian hospitals, minimally invasive surgery maintains its role despite the COVID-19 pandemic, with the registered reduction of cases being proportional to the overall reduction of the HPB surgical activity. Respondents agree that the switch from minimally invasive to open technique can be considered as a valid option for cases with a high technical complexity. Several issues merit specific attention: screening for virus positivity should be universally performed; only expert surgical teams should operate on positive patients and specific technical measures to lower the biological risk of contamination during surgery must be followed. Future studies specifically designed to establish the true risks in minimally invasive surgery are suggested. Furthermore, a standard and univocal process of prioritization of patients from Regional Healthcare Systems is advisable."}, {"pmid": 32355510, "pmcid": "PMC7190492", "title": "[Endocrine surgery during and after the COVID-19 epidemic: guidelines from AFCE].", "authors": ["Baud, Gregory", "Brunaud, Laurent", "Lifante, Jean Christophe", "Tresallet, Christophe", "Sebag, Frederic", "Bizard, Jean Pierre", "Mathonnet, Muriel", "Menegaux, Fabrice", "Caiazzo, Robert", "Mirallie, Eric", "Pattou, Francois"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355510", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic commands a major reorganization of the entire French healthcare system. In France, general rules have been issued nationally and implemented by each healthcare center, both public and private, throughout France. Guidelines drafted by an expert group led by the French-speaking Association of Endocrine Surgery (AFCE) propose specific surgical management principles for thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine pancreas and adrenal surgery during and after the Covid-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32235486, "pmcid": "PMC7230636", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) in Humans: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Borges do Nascimento, Israel Junior", "Cacic, Nensi", "Abdulazeem, Hebatullah Mohamed", "von Groote, Thilo Caspar", "Jayarajah, Umesh", "Weerasekara, Ishanka", "Esfahani, Meisam Abdar", "Civile, Vinicius Tassoni", "Marusic, Ana", "Jeroncic, Ana", "Carvas Junior, Nelson", "Pericic, Tina Poklepovic", "Zakarija-Grkovic, Irena", "Meirelles Guimaraes, Silvana Mangeon", "Luigi Bragazzi, Nicola", "Bjorklund, Maria", "Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad", "Altujjar, Mohammad", "Tian, Maoyi", "Arcani, Diana Maria Cespedes", "O'Mathuna, Donal P", "Marcolino, Milena Soriano"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235486", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A growing body of literature on the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is becoming available, but a synthesis of available data has not been conducted. We performed a scoping review of currently available clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, and chest imaging data related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, Scopus and LILACS from 01 January 2019 to 24 February 2020. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted using the clinical and laboratory data, and random-effects models were applied to estimate pooled results. A total of 61 studies were included (59,254 patients). The most common disease-related symptoms were fever (82%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 56%-99%; n = 4410), cough (61%, 95% CI 39%-81%; n = 3985), muscle aches and/or fatigue (36%, 95% CI 18%-55%; n = 3778), dyspnea (26%, 95% CI 12%-41%; n = 3700), headache in 12% (95% CI 4%-23%, n = 3598 patients), sore throat in 10% (95% CI 5%-17%, n = 1387) and gastrointestinal symptoms in 9% (95% CI 3%-17%, n = 1744). Laboratory findings were described in a lower number of patients and revealed lymphopenia (0.93 \u00d7 109/L, 95% CI 0.83-1.03 \u00d7 109/L, n = 464) and abnormal C-reactive protein (33.72 mg/dL, 95% CI 21.54-45.91 mg/dL; n = 1637). Radiological findings varied, but mostly described ground-glass opacities and consolidation. Data on treatment options were limited. All-cause mortality was 0.3% (95% CI 0.0%-1.0%; n = 53,631). Epidemiological studies showed that mortality was higher in males and elderly patients. The majority of reported clinical symptoms and laboratory findings related to SARS-CoV-2 infection are non-specific. Clinical suspicion, accompanied by a relevant epidemiological history, should be followed by early imaging and virological assay."}, {"pmid": 32005727, "title": "China coronavirus: WHO declares international emergency as death toll exceeds 200.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32005727", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493833, "title": "COVID-19 and the US response: accelerating health inequities.", "journal": "BMJ Evid Based Med", "authors": ["Okonkwo, Nneoma E", "Aguwa, Ugochi T", "Jang, Minyoung", "Barre, Iman A", "Page, Kathleen R", "Sullivan, Patrick S", "Beyrer, Chris", "Baral, Stefan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493833", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health inequities have long defined health and the healthcare system in the USA. The clinical and research capacity across the USA is unparalleled, yet compared to other high and even some middle-income countries, the average health indicators of the population remain suboptimal in 2020, a finding at least in part explained by inequity in healthcare access. In this context, COVID-19 has rapidly emerged as a major threat to the public's health. While it was initially thought that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 would be the great equaliser as it would not discriminate, it is clear that COVID-19 incidence and mortality have rapidly reinforced health disparities drawn by historical and contemporary inequities. Here, we synthesise the data highlighting specific risks among particular marginalised and under-resourced communities including those in jails, prisons and detention centers, immigrants and the undocumented, people with disabilities and people experiencing homelessness across the USA. The drivers of these disparities are pervasive structural risks including limited access to preventive services, inability to comply with physical distancing recommendations, underlying health disparities and intersecting stigmas particularly affecting racial and ethnic minorities across the country, including African Americans, Latinx Americans and Native Americans. Advancing the COVID-19 response, saving lives and restarting the economy necessitate rapidly addressing these inequities rather than ignoring and even reinforcing them."}, {"pmid": 32240581, "title": "Covid-19 and Health Care's Digital Revolution.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Keesara, Sirina", "Jonas, Andrea", "Schulman, Kevin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240581", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482587, "pmcid": "PMC7245321", "title": "Time-trend analysis of medicine sales and shortages during COVID-19 outbreak: Data from community pharmacies.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Romano, Sonia", "Galante, Heloisa", "Figueira, Debora", "Mendes, Zilda", "Rodrigues, Antonio Teixeira"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482587", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a worldwide public health concern. Disruptions in the drug market are expected and shortages might worsen. Community pharmacies can contribute to early identification and report of medicines' supply and demand issues. The aim of this study is to characterize the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on outpatient medicines' sales and shortages. A retrospective, time-trend analysis of medicine sales, shortages and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases was performed from February 1st to April 30th, 2020, and its homologous period (regarding sales only). A detailed analysis of 6 pharmaceutical substances was performed. All data were subjected to rescaling using the min-max normalization method, in order to become comparable. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft\u00ae Excel. The pandemic resulted in an increase in medicines' demand and reported shortages during the early stage of the outbreak. The maximum proportion of medicine sales was registered on March 13th, 2020, 4 days after the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic. By the end of March, sales have already dropped to proportions similar to those of 2019. The maximum proportion of drug shortages was reached about one week after the sales peak and by the end of the study period were below those recorded in the pre-COVID-19 period. The analyzed drugs were paracetamol, ascorbic acid, dapagliflozin plus metformin, rosuvastatin plus ezetimibe, formoterol, and hydroxychloroquine, as these pharmaceutical substances registered the highest growth rate in sales and shortages when compared to the same period in the previous year. Hydroxychloroquine showed the most different pattern trends on sales and shortages of these medicines. Pharmacies can provide timely and real-world data regarding sales and shortages. The adopted measures to guarantee the continuous supply of the medicine market seem to have worked. The long-term impacts of this pandemic are unknown and should continue to be closely monitored."}, {"pmid": 32417987, "pmcid": "PMC7229435", "title": "First motor seizure as presenting symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Fasano, Antonio", "Cavallieri, Francesco", "Canali, Elena", "Valzania, Franco"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417987", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334945, "pmcid": "PMC7152866", "title": "Donor organ evaluation in the era of coronavirus disease 2019: A case of nosocomial infection.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Patel, Krishan J", "Kao, Tina", "Geft, Dael", "Czer, Lawrence", "Esmailian, Fardad", "Kobashigawa, Jon A", "Patel, Jignesh K"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334945", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475468, "pmcid": "PMC7189848", "title": "The Year of the Nurse, Florence Nightingale and COVID-19: Reflections From Social Isolation.", "journal": "Can J Diabetes", "authors": ["Sherifali, Diana"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475468", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32113196, "title": "[Study on assessing early epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 epidemic in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Song, Q Q", "Zhao, H", "Fang, L Q", "Liu, W", "Zheng, C", "Zhang, Y"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113196", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To study the early dynamics of the epidemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China from 15 to 31 January, 2020, and estimate the corresponding epidemiological parameters (incubation period, generation interval and basic reproduction number) of the epidemic. Methods: By means of Weibull, Gamma and Lognormal distributions methods, we estimated the probability distribution of the incubation period and generation interval data obtained from the reported COVID-19 cases. Moreover, the AIC criterion was used to determine the optimal distribution. Considering the epidemic is ongoing, the exponential growth model was used to fit the incidence data of COVID-19 from 10 to 31 January, 2020, and exponential growth method, maximum likelihood method and SEIR model were used to estimate the basic reproduction number. Results: Early COVID-19 cases kept an increase in exponential growth manner before 26 January, 2020, then the increase trend became slower. The average incubation period was 5.01 (95%CI: 4.31-5.69) days; the average generation interval was 6.03 (95%CI: 5.20-6.91) days. The basic reproduction number was estimated to be 3.74 (95%CI: 3.63-3.87), 3.16 (95%CI: 2.90-3.43), and 3.91 (95%CI: 3.71-4.11) by three methods, respectively. Conclusions: The Gamma distribution fits both the generation interval and incubation period best, and the mean value of generation interval is 1.02 day longer than that of incubation period. The relatively high basic reproduction number indicates that the epidemic is still serious; Based on our analysis, the turning point of the epidemic would be seen on 26 January, the growth rate would be lower afterwards."}, {"pmid": 32363053, "pmcid": "PMC7193200", "title": "COVID-19 Provides An Opportunity to Reassess How Frequent and How Extensive Elective Spine Surgery Should Be.", "journal": "Surg Neurol Int", "authors": ["Epstein, Nancy E"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363053", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400298, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on the undergraduate medical curriculum.", "journal": "Med Educ Online", "authors": ["Sandhu, Preeti", "de Wolf, Maisie"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic has impacted medical education globally. As universities seek to deliver medical education through new methods of modalities, this continuing of education ensures the learning of the future workforce of the NHS. Novel ways of online teaching should be considered in new medical curricula development, as well as methods of delivering practical skills for medical students online."}, {"pmid": 32485211, "pmcid": "PMC7260504", "title": "Advances in skin science enable the development of a COVID-19 Vaccine.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Falo, Louis D Jr"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485211", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508021, "title": "Collaborated effort against SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in China.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Yang, Qiwen", "Zhou, Yang", "Ai, Jingwen", "Ma, Jinmin", "Cao, Fenglin", "Cao, Weifan", "Zhang, Wengeng", "Wang, Shifu", "Chen, Weijun", "Ma, Xiaoling", "Zhang, Wenhong", "Li, Weimin"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508021", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A previously unknown beta coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was discovered from a cluster of patients with pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan since the end of 2019. Ever since the start of COVID-19, government administrations, academic institutions, and technology enterprises are under unprecedented cooperation in controlling this outbreak from pathogen identification, epidemic situation assessment, to outbreak containment. Timely identification, isolation, and whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 have laid the foundation for effective control of this novel infection. With the increasing case numbers worldwide, more real-time information is emerging, changing our understandings to SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, and nonetheless refining the outbreak control responses. The efficient management of COVID-19 requires global collaboration and an efficient share of information."}, {"pmid": 32105562, "pmcid": "PMC7233379", "title": "Essentials for Radiologists on COVID-19: An Update-Radiology Scientific Expert Panel.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Kanne, Jeffrey P", "Little, Brent P", "Chung, Jonathan H", "Elicker, Brett M", "Ketai, Loren H"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105562", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321099, "pmcid": "PMC7182289", "title": "COVID-19 - Computed tomography findings in two patients in Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Muniz, Bernardo Carvalho", "Milito, Miguel Angelo", "Marchiori, Edson"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321099", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323591, "title": "Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants in the era of SARS-CoV-2 - could laboratory tests be the missing link?", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Alpalhao, Miguel", "Filipe, Paulo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323591", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366317, "pmcid": "PMC7197233", "title": "Covid-19-The real role of NSAIDs in Italy.", "journal": "J Orthop Surg Res", "authors": ["de Girolamo, Laura", "Peretti, Giuseppe M", "Maffulli, Nicola", "Brini, Anna T"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366317", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276102, "pmcid": "PMC7141479", "title": "Crisis Symptom Management and Patient Communication Protocols Are Important Tools for All Clinicians Responding to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Bowman, Brynn A", "Back, Anthony L", "Esch, Andrew E", "Marshall, Nadine"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276102", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Symptom management and skilled communication with patients and families are essential clinical services in the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Although palliative care specialists have training in these skills, many frontline clinicians from other specialties do not. It is imperative that all clinicians responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis have access to clinical tools to support symptom management and difficult patient and family communication."}, {"pmid": 32188482, "pmcid": "PMC7081588", "title": "COVID-19 infection epidemic: the medical management strategies in Heilongjiang Province, China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Wang, Hongliang", "Wang, Sicong", "Yu, Kaijiang"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188482", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495926, "title": "Does amantadine have a protective effect against COVID-19?", "journal": "Neurol Neurochir Pol", "authors": ["Cortes Borra, Albert"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495926", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319877, "pmcid": "PMC7200851", "title": "Critical role of Wuhan cabin hospitals in controlling the local COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Yao, Wenlong", "Wang, Xueren", "Liu, Tianzhu"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319877", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363167, "pmcid": "PMC7192561", "title": "Ramadan fasting during Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Diabetes Metab Disord", "authors": ["Tootee, Ali", "Larijani, Bagher"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363167", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503180, "title": "Fatal Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients with Severe Acute Kidney Injury.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Lim, Jeong-Hoon", "Park, Sun-Hee", "Jeon, Yena", "Cho, Jang-Hee", "Jung, Hee-Yeon", "Choi, Ji-Young", "Kim, Chan-Duck", "Lee, Yong-Hoon", "Seo, Hyewon", "Lee, Jaehee", "Kwon, Ki Tae", "Kim, Shin-Woo", "Chang, Hyun-Ha", "Kim, Yong-Lim"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503180", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with organ damage; however, the information about the relationship between acute kidney injury (AKI) and COVID-19 is still rare. We evaluated the clinical features and prognosis of COVID-19 patients with AKI according to the AKI severity. Medical data of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in two university-based hospitals during an outbreak in Daegu, South Korea, were retrospectively analyzed. AKI and its severity were defined according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network. Of the 164 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 30 patients (18.3%) had AKI; 14, 4, and 12 patients had stage 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The median age was significantly higher in AKI patients than in non-AKI patients (75.5 vs. 67.0 years, p = 0.005). There were 17 deaths (56.7%) among AKI patients; 4 (28.6%), 1 (25.0%), and 12 (100.0%), respectively. In-hospital mortality was higher in AKI patients than in non-AKI patients (56.7% vs. 20.8%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, stage 3 AKI was associated with higher mortality than either non-AKI or stage 1 AKI (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.62 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.75-7.48), p = 0.001; HR = 15.65 (95% CI = 2.43-100.64), p = 0.004). Among the AKI patients, acute respiratory distress syndrome and low serum albumin on admission were considered independent risk factors for stage 3 AKI (both p < 0.05). Five patients with stage 3 AKI underwent dialysis and eventually died. In conclusion, COVID-19 patients with severe AKI had fatal outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32255660, "pmcid": "PMC7228082", "title": "Leading the Compassionate Charge.", "journal": "Circ Heart Fail", "authors": ["Juneman, Elizabeth B"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255660", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481423, "title": "Analysis of knowledge bases and research hotspots of coronavirus from the perspective of mapping knowledge domain.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Jia, Qiulei", "Shi, Shuqing", "Yuan, Guozhen", "Shi, Jingjing", "Shi, Shuai", "Hu, Yuanhui"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481423", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses have drawn attention since the beginning of the 21st century. Over the past 17 years, coronaviruses have triggered several outbreaks of epidemic in people, which brought great threats to global public health security. We analyzed the publications on coronavirus with bibliometrics software and qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated the knowledge base and hot topics of coronavirus research from 2003 to 2020. We explored the publications on coronavirus in the Web of Science core collection (WOSCC) from 2003 to 2020. Bibliometric analysis, evaluating knowledge base, and research hotspots were performed based on CiteSpace V (Drexel University, Chaomei Chen). There were a total of 8433 publications of coronavirus. The research on coronavirus boomed when a novel coronavirus triggered outbreaks in people. The leading country was the United States, and the leading institution was the University of Hong Kong. The most productive researchers were: Yuen KY, Drosten C, Baric RS. The keywords analysis showed that SARS-CoV, infection, acute respiratory syndrome, antibody, receptor, and spike protein were research hotspots. The research categories analysis showed that virology, microbiology, veterinary sciences, infectious diseases, and biochemistry and molecular biology were hot research categories. Bibliometric analysis of the literature shows the research on coronavirus boomed when a novel coronavirus triggered outbreaks in people. With the end of the epidemic, the research tended to be cooling. Virus identification, pathogenesis, and coronavirus-mediated diseases attracted much attention. We must continue studying the viruses after an outbreak ended."}, {"pmid": 32211789, "pmcid": "PMC7184333", "title": "The first locally acquired novel case of 2019-nCoV infection in a healthcare worker in the Paris area.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Klement, Elise", "Godefroy, Nagisa", "Burrel, Sonia", "Kornblum, Dimitri", "Monsel, Gentiane", "Bleibtreu, Alexandre", "Marcelin, Anne-Genevieve", "Calvez, Vincent", "Caumes, Eric", "Boutolleau, David", "Pourcher, Valerie"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211789", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487701, "title": "Covid-19: Frontline doctors continue PPE fight.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Shepherd, Alison"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487701", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494921, "pmcid": "PMC7268583", "title": "31 days of COVID-19-cardiac events during restriction of public life-a comparative study.", "journal": "Clin Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Rattka, Manuel", "Baumhardt, Michael", "Dreyhaupt, Jens", "Rothenbacher, Dietrich", "Thiessen, Kevin", "Markovic, Sinisa", "Rottbauer, Wolfgang", "Imhof, Armin"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494921", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak led to the most recent pandemic of the twenty-first century. To contain spread of the virus, many nations introduced a public lockdown. How the pandemic itself and measures of social restriction affect hospital admissions due to acute cardiac events has rarely been evaluated yet. German public authorities announced measures of social restriction between March 21st and April 20th, 2020. During this period, all patients suffering from an acute cardiac event admitted to our hospital (N\u2009=\u200994) were assessed and incidence rate ratios (IRR) of admissions for acute cardiac events estimated, and compared with those during the same period in the previous three years (2017-2019, N\u2009=\u2009361). Admissions due to cardiac events were reduced by 22% as compared to the previous years (n\u2009=\u200994 vs. an average of n\u2009=\u2009120 per year for 2017-2019). Whereas IRR for STEMI 1.20 (95% CI 0.67-2.14) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest IRR 0.82 (95% CI 0.33-2.02) remained similar, overall admissions with an IRR of 0.78 (95% CI 0.62-0.98) and IRR for NSTEMI with 0.46 (95% CI 0.27-0.78) were significantly lower. In STEMI patients, plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity troponin T at admission were significantly higher (644\u00a0ng/l, IQR 372-2388) compared to 2017-2019 (195\u00a0ng/l, IQR 84-1134; p\u2009=\u20090.02). The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and concomitant social restrictions are associated with reduced cardiac events admissions to our tertiary care center. From a public health perspective, strategies have to be developed to assure patients are seeking and getting medical care and treatment in time during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32242110, "title": "How poorer countries are scrambling to prevent a coronavirus disaster.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242110", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457999, "title": "Tocilizumab not associated with increased infection risk after CAR T - Implications for COVID-19?", "journal": "Blood", "authors": ["Frigault, Matthew J", "Nikiforow, Sarah", "Mansour, Michael", "Hu, Zhen-Huan", "Horowitz, Mary M", "Riches, Marcie", "Hematti, Peiman", "Turtle, Cameron J", "Zhang, Mei-Jie", "Perales, Miguel-Angel", "Pasquini, Marcelo C"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457999", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353762, "pmcid": "PMC7172806", "title": "Epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in IRAN: A single center study.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Nikpouraghdam, Mohamad", "Jalali Farahani, Alireza", "Alishiri, GholamHossein", "Heydari, Soleyman", "Ebrahimnia, Mehdi", "Samadinia, Hossein", "Sepandi, Mojtaba", "Jafari, Nematollah Jonaidi", "Izadi, Morteza", "Qazvini, Ali", "Dorostkar, Ruhollah", "Tat, Mahdi", "Shahriary, Alireza", "Farnoosh, Gholamreza", "Hosseini Zijoud, Seyed Reza", "Taghdir, Maryam", "Alimohamadi, Yousef", "Abbaszadeh, Sepideh", "Gouvarchin Ghaleh, Hadi Esmaeili", "Bagheri, Mahdi"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353762", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of COVID-19 in Iran has spread throughout the country. Identifying the epidemiological characteristics of this disease will help to make appropriate decisions and thus control the epidemic. The aim of this study was characterization of the epidemiological features of COVID-19 in Iran. In this retrospective study, data related to the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from 19 February 2020 to 15 April 2020 have been analyzed and reported. Patient characteristics including age, gender and underlying diseases were investigated. Data were collected through patient records. Sex ratio, Case Fatality Rate (CFR) and daily trend of cases were also determined. A multiple logistic regression analysis was also performed to assess affecting factors on mortality. From February 19, 2020 to April 15, 2020, 12870 patients referred to the hospital emergency department, of which 2968 were hospitalized with COVID-19 diagnosis. The majority of cases were in the age group of 50 to 60 years of old. The male-to-female ratio was 1.93:1. A total of 239 deaths occurred among all cases for an overall CFR of 1.85% based on the total number of patients (both outpatient and inpatient) and 8.06% among hospitalized patients. Out of all patients 10.89% had comorbidity. Diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, chronic Kidney diseases and cancer were the most common comorbidities with 3.81, 2.02 , 1.99 , 1.25, 0.60 and 0.57 %, respectively. Male gender (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.08-1.96), older age (OR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.04-1.06) and having underlying diseases (OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.04-2.24) were significantly associated with mortality. The results of this study showed that Male gender, older age and having comorbidities were significantly associated with the risk of death among COVID-19 patients. It is important to pay special attention to male elderly patients with underlying diseases."}, {"pmid": 32360516, "pmcid": "PMC7189192", "title": "The first case of COVID-19 treated with the complement C3 inhibitor AMY-101.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Mastaglio, Sara", "Ruggeri, Annalisa", "Risitano, Antonio M", "Angelillo, Piera", "Yancopoulou, Despina", "Mastellos, Dimitrios C", "Huber-Lang, Markus", "Piemontese, Simona", "Assanelli, Andrea", "Garlanda, Cecilia", "Lambris, John D", "Ciceri, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360516", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating clinical manifestation of COVID-19 pneumonia and is mainly based on an immune-driven pathology. Mounting evidence suggests that COVID-19 is fueled by a maladaptive host inflammatory response that involves excessive activation of innate immune pathways. While a \"cytokine storm\" involving IL-6 and other cytokines has been documented, complement C3 activation has been implicated as an initial effector mechanism that exacerbates lung injury in preclinical models of SARS-CoV infection. C3-targeted intervention may provide broader therapeutic control of complement-mediated inflammatory damage in COVID-19 patients. Herein, we report the clinical course of a patient with severe ARDS due to COVID-19 pneumonia who was safely and successfully treated with the compstatin-based complement C3 inhibitor AMY-101."}, {"pmid": 32346676, "pmcid": "PMC7186933", "title": "Crowdsourcing a crisis response for COVID-19 in oncology.", "journal": "Nat Cancer", "authors": ["Desai, Aakash", "Warner, Jeremy", "Kuderer, Nicole", "Thompson, Mike", "Painter, Corrie", "Lyman, Gary", "Lopes, Gilberto"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346676", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Crowdsourcing efforts are currently underway to collect and analyze data from patients with cancer who are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. These community-led initiatives will fill key knowledge gaps to tackle crucial clinical questions on the complexities of infection with the causative coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 in the large, heterogeneous group of vulnerable patients with cancer."}, {"pmid": 32314792, "pmcid": "PMC7188155", "title": "Challenges in the Care of IBD Patients During the CoViD-19 Pandemic: Report From a \"Red Zone\" Area in Northern Italy.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Occhipinti, Vincenzo", "Pastorelli, Luca"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527987, "title": "Potential mechanisms of hemorrhagic stroke in elderly COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Wang, Haili", "Tang, Xiaojia", "Fan, Hongyang", "Luo, Yuhan", "Song, Yuxia", "Xu, Yao", "Chen, Yingzhu"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527987", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, a new human infectious disease. While fever, cough, and respiratory distress are typical first symptoms, a fraction of those affected present instead with neurological symptoms suggestive of central nervous system compromise. This review summarizes the potential contribution of coronavirus disease 2019 to hemorrhagic stroke in the elderly and proposes possible mechanisms. Reports show that the most affected patients have underlying chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, which are two key risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is the main host cell surface receptor interacting with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike glycoprotein to allow viral entry and infection. We speculate that ensuing downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression may compound the risk conferred by pre-existing comorbidities and critically influence the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic stroke by elevating blood pressure and impairing cerebrovascular endothelial function. Additionally, both age- and/or disease-related immune dysfunction and enhanced catecholamine release secondary to anxiety and stress may also aggravate central nervous system symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Thus, assessment of systemic inflammatory biomarkers and tight control of hemodynamic parameters upon admission are crucial to minimize mortality and morbidity in coronavirus disease 2019 patients with central nervous system symptoms suggestive of incipient stroke."}, {"pmid": 32520507, "title": "18F-FDG PET/CT in Hodgkin Lymphoma With Unsuspected COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Boulvard Chollet, Xavier L E", "Romero Robles, Leonardo G", "Garrastachu, Puy", "Cabrera Villegas, Antonio", "Albornoz Almada, M Clara", "Colletti, Patrick M", "Rubello, Domenico", "Ramirez Lasanta, Rafael", "Delgado Bolton, Roberto C"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520507", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present an asymptomatic 70-year-old man referred for an F-FDG PET/CT for initial staging of a Hodgkin lymphoma. F-FDG PET/CT showed bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy (stage II). Incidentally, the CT demonstrated bilateral ground-glass opacities with low-grade F-FDG activity. CT findings were suspicious for COVID-19 pneumonitis. The COVID-19 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) examination result was negative. Given the high clinical suspicion for COVID-19, the patient was isolated and repeat RT-PCR was positive at 72 hours. RT-PCR may be falsely negative in early COVID-19 disease, even with positive CT findings."}, {"pmid": 32427000, "title": "Implications of the lack of a unified research project framework: an investigation into the registration of clinical trials of COVID-19.", "journal": "Curr Med Res Opin", "authors": ["Wang, Bin", "Lai, Junkai", "Yan, Xiaoyan", "Jin, Feifei", "Yao, Chen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427000", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: The aim of this study was to provide recommendations for improving the design of subsequent studies through analysis of the registered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical trials.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 189 trial retrievals achieved on 20 February 2020.Results: A total of 189 trials are included in the study. There were 69.3% interventional studies, 21.7% observational studies, 5.3% diagnostic tests and 3.7% other studies. The following statistics are provided only for the interventional studies. Severity of disease: 5.3% light and common type, 17.6% severe and critically ill and 59.6% with no restricted classification. Medication use: 51.1% Western medicine, 32.1% Chinese medicine, 10.7% blood related product and 6.1% non-drug therapy. The median and inner quantile range of the sample sizes included in these studies: 104 (IQR: 60, 200). Primary outcome type most used: 45.8% with clinical characteristics and 21.4% with virological. Study design characteristics: 71% of all studies were randomized, 5% of all studies were blinded, 18% of all studies were multicenter and 76% of all studies were single center.Conclusion: Although many COVID-19 studies include randomization in their design, the lack of additional double-blind and placebo-controlled elements in their designs result in a less robust evaluation of intervention safety and efficacy. Furthermore, similar or repeated research and small sample studies that have less promise in gains of new information have possibly led to a shortage of recruitable patients and become a barrier to the completion of large multicenter clinical trial studies."}, {"pmid": 32385569, "pmcid": "PMC7210098", "title": "COVID-19 not detected in peritoneal fluid: a case of laparoscopic appendicectomy for acute appendicitis in a COVID-19-infected patient.", "journal": "Langenbecks Arch Surg", "authors": ["Ngaserin, Sabrina Hui-Na", "Koh, Frederick H", "Ong, Biauw-Chi", "Chew, Min-Hoe"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385569", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 greatly affected millions and affected the way we practice with heightened posture in the way we treat surgical patients. Surgical consensus guidelines are recommending caution in the use of laparoscopy for the theoretical possibility of viral transmission from aerosolization of tissue and peritoneal fluid during surgery. However, there has yet to be proof of COVID-19 being present in peritoneal fluid, justifying the consensus statements. We aim to assess the presence of COVID-19 in peritoneal fluid. We performed a laparoscopic appendicectomy for a COVID-19-infected patient with acute appendicitis. Peritoneal fluid and peritoneal washings were collected and sent for COVID-19 PCR. The peritoneal fluid sample collected on entry and at the end of the operation was negative for COVID-19 on PCR. The patient had an uneventful recovery from surgery. This case revealed that COVID-19 was not detected in peritoneal fluid and peritoneal washings in a patient infected with COVID-19. This study provides novel preliminary data in the investigation of COVID-19 transmission from laparoscopy-related aerosolization."}, {"pmid": 32222346, "pmcid": "PMC7270570", "title": "Corrigendum to \"Traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 treatment\" [Pharmacol. Res. 155 (2020) 104743].", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Ren, Jun-Ling", "Zhang, Ai-Hua", "Wang, Xi-Jun"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222346", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215896, "title": "[The COVID-19 pandemic and otolaryngology: What it comes down to?]", "journal": "Laryngorhinootologie", "authors": ["Luers, Jan-Christoffer", "Klussmann, Jens Peter", "Guntinas-Lichius, Orlando"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215896", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here, we review the most recent findings on the effects COVID-19 pandemic for the work of otolaryngologists. The role of anosmia and hyposmia as a potential COVID-19 related symptom is presented. We discuss the clinical management of all ENT patients, but especially of COVID-19 patients from the ENT perspective. The impact of the infection on the ENT examination and ENT surgery is summarized."}, {"pmid": 32279905, "pmcid": "PMC7146684", "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Renal Failure Patients: A Potential Covert Source of Infection.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Xiao, Yu", "Qian, Kaiyu", "Luo, Yongwen", "Chen, Song", "Lu, Mengxin", "Wang, Gang", "Ju, Lingao", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279905", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489171, "title": "Contamination of FFP3 masks with SARS-COV-2 during endotracheal intubation.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Bone, A", "Barton, E", "Hoskins, S", "Holborow, A", "Johnston, C", "Blyth, I", "Evans, J", "Healy, B"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489171", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337386, "pmcid": "PMC7179507", "title": "Practice considerations for proton beam radiotherapy of uveal melanoma during the COVID-19 pandemic: PTCOG Ocular experience.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Mishra, K K", "Afshar, A", "Thariat, J", "Shih, H A", "Scholey, J E", "Daftari, I K", "Kacperek, A", "Pica, A", "Hrbacek, J", "Dendale, R", "Mazal, A", "Heufelder, J", "Char, D H", "Sauerwein, W", "Weber, D C", "Damato, B E"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337386", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare but life-threatening cancer of the eye. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals and proton eye therapy facilities must analyze several factors to ensure appropriate treatment protocols for patients and provider teams. Practice considerations to limit COVID-19 transmission in the proton ocular treatment setting for UM are necessary. The Particle Therapy Co-Operative Group (PTCOG) is the largest international community of particle/proton therapy providers. Participating experts are/were affiliated with the member institutions of the PTCOG Ocular subcommittee with long-standing high-volume proton ocular programs. The practices reviewed in this document must be taken in conjunction with local hospital procedures, multidisciplinary recommendations, and regional/national guidelines, as each community may have its unique needs, supplies, and protocols. Importantly, as the pandemic evolves, so will the strategies and recommendations. Given the unique circumstances for UM patients, along with indications of potential ophthalmologic transmission as a result of healthcare providers working in close proximity to patients and intrinsic infectious risk from eyelashes, tears and hair, practice strategies may be adapted to reduce the risk of viral transmission. Certainly, providers and health care systems will continue to examine and provide as safe and effective care as possible for patients in the current environment."}, {"pmid": 32513036, "title": "Disparate Nasopharyngeal and Tracheal COVID-19 Diagnostic Test Results in a Patient With a Total Laryngectomy.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Patel, Tirth R", "Teitcher, Joshua E", "Tajudeen, Bobby A", "Revenaugh, Peter C"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513036", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512629, "title": "An effective protocol for heart transplantation during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Boffini, Massimo", "Pidello, Stefano", "Simonato, Erika", "Barbero, Cristina", "Attisani, Matteo", "Trompeo, Anna", "De Ferrari, Gaetano Maria", "Rinaldi, Mauro"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512629", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and worldwide diffusion, transplant centers have been challenged with novel issues such as the opportunity to maintain transplant programs during the pandemic phase. General recommendations have been provided by scientific societies however, specific protocols are required to limit virus diffusion during the various phases of transplant procedure. Since the beginning of COVID-19 outbreak we have adopted a dedicated protocol to \"protect\" our newly heart transplanted patients during the pandemic. The protocol focused on a careful exclusion of SARS-CoV-2 infection of both donors and recipients and on evaluation of the risk-to-benefit ratio between the urgent needs of the recipient and its COVID-19-related risk. Since we adopted the described strategy, we have performed eleven heart transplants. No patient had in-hospital SARS-CoV-2 infection. Only one patient died on waiting list. Our initial experience supports the maintenance of transplant programs even during the epidemic phase of the infection."}, {"pmid": 32223840, "title": "[Quick community survey on the impact of COVID-19 outbreak for the healthcare of people living with HIV].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Guo, W", "Weng, H L", "Bai, H", "Liu, J", "Wei, X N", "Zhou, K", "Sande, A"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223840", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To collect the current status and healthcare needs of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China during the COVID-19 outbreak to inform quick response from government and communities. Methods: During February 5(th) to 10(th), 2020, a national anonymous survey was conducted using an online questionnaire among PLHIV at least 18 years of age and had started antiretroviral treatment (ART) to collect the information on COVID-19 prevention, HIV-related health services and the needs on psychosocial support. Current status and needs of people living with HIV were analyzed in Hubei and other regions. Results: A total of 1 014 valid questionnaires were collected, with PLHIV respondents cross the country. The survey revealed that 93.79% of the respondents could obtain information regarding the prevention of COVID-19 from their communities or villages. Respondents were concerned with HIV-specific protective measures and personal protective equipment shortage. 32.64% of all respondents were not carrying sufficient antiretroviral medicines (ARVs) to meet the needs under traffic and travel restrictions, and some could face stock-outs in the coming month. In Hubei province where 53 respondents needed ARV refill, 64.15% reported difficulty accessing ARV due to the \"blockage\" . 28.93% respondents were in need of sociopsychological support, and 85.31% anticipated further improvement of the out-of-town ARV refill process from the government. Conclusion: PLHIV wants to know HIV-specific protective measures against COVID-19 outbreak. PLHIV who returned to their home-towns and affected by the lock-downs reported challenges with refills. We should undertake a more systematic study on impacts of the COVID-19 on PLHIV to develop preparedness capacity for future public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32312643, "pmcid": "PMC7129981", "title": "Orthopedic surgery post COVID-19: an opportunity for innovation and transformation.", "journal": "J Shoulder Elbow Surg", "authors": ["Menendez, Mariano E", "Jawa, Andrew", "Haas, Derek A", "Warner, Jon J P"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312643", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529952, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 nsp13, nsp14, nsp15 and orf6 function as potent interferon antagonists.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Yuen, Chun-Kit", "Lam, Joy-Yan", "Wong, Wan-Man", "Mak, Long-Fung", "Wang, Xiaohui", "Chu, Hin", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Jin, Dong-Yan", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung", "Kok, Kin-Hang"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529952", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, is now causing a tremendous global health concern. Since its first appearance in December 2019, the outbreak has already caused over 5.8 million infections worldwide (till 29 May 2020), with more than 0.35 million deaths. Early virus-mediated immune suppression is believed to be one of the unique characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and contributes at least partially to the viral pathogenesis. In this study, we identified the key viral interferon antagonists of SARS-CoV-2 and compared them with two well-characterized SARS-CoV interferon antagonists, PLpro and orf6. Here we demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 nsp13, nsp14, nsp15 and orf6, but not the unique orf8, could potently suppress primary interferon production and interferon signaling. Although SARS-CoV PLpro has been well-characterized for its potent interferon-antagonizing, deubiquitinase and protease activities, SARS-CoV-2 PLpro, despite sharing high amino acid sequence similarity with SARS-CoV, loses both interferon-antagonising and deubiquitinase activities. Among the 27 viral proteins, SARS-CoV-2 orf6 demonstrated the strongest suppression on both primary interferon production and interferon signaling. Orf6-deleted SARS-CoV-2 may be considered for the development of intranasal live-but-attenuated vaccine against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32322959, "pmcid": "PMC7174541", "title": "Tracheostomy in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Mattioli, Francesco", "Fermi, Matteo", "Ghirelli, Michael", "Molteni, Gabriele", "Sgarbi, Nicola", "Bertellini, Elisabetta", "Girardis, Massimo", "Presutti, Livio", "Marudi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322959", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of tracheostomy in COVID-19-related ARDS is unknown. Nowadays, there is no clear indication regarding the timing of tracheostomy in these patients. We describe our synergic experience between ENT and ICU Departments at University Hospital of Modena underlining some controversial aspects that would be worth discussing tracheostomies in these patients. During the last 2\u00a0weeks, we performed 28 tracheostomies on patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 infection who were treated with IMV. No differences between percutaneous and surgical tracheostomy in terms of timing and no case of team virus infection. In our experience, tracheostomy should be performed only in selected patients within 7- and 14-day orotracheal intubation."}, {"pmid": 32449614, "title": "Gender differences in patients with COVID-19: a narrative review.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Ambrosino, Immacolata", "Barbagelata, Elena", "Ortona, Elena", "Ruggieri, Anna", "Massiah, Grace", "Giannico, Orazio Valerio", "Politi, Cecilia", "Moretti, Anna Maria"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449614", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019 a novel coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China causing many cases of severe pneumonia. World Health Organization (WHO) named this disease Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The infection has rapidly spread across China to many other countries, and on March 12, 2020 the WHO declared pandemic outbreak of COVID-19. As of May 16, 2020, COVID-19 has been diagnosed in more than 4,490,000 patients, associated to 305,976 deaths worldwide; in Italy 224,760 COVID-19 cases have been reported with 31,763 deaths. The main routes of transmission are respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected people, so numerous prevention strategies are employed to mitigate the spread of disease, including social distancing and isolation. The aim of this narrative review is to underline gender differences in epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis and mortality of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Currently data on the sex indicators for admitted or deceased patients are only available, but there is no analysis about other gender indicators. The data considered in our study are the only currently available in the literature, but it is appropriate to implement a specific analysis with all gender indicators to identify appropriate strategies. Moreover, the evaluation of a health service efficiency is a key element to define gender outcomes. Knowing the gender differences in COVID-19 outbreak would be a fundamental tool to understand the effects of a health emergency on individuals and communities as well as to carry out effective and equitable policies, public health measures and targeted solutions."}, {"pmid": 32344305, "pmcid": "PMC7177071", "title": "A data-driven hypothesis on the epigenetic dysregulation of host metabolism by SARS coronaviral infection: Potential implications for the SARS-CoV-2 modus operandi.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Vavougios, George D"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344305", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2, a betacoronavirus structurally similar to SARS-CoV. Based on both structural and syndromic similarities with SARS-CoV, a hypothesis is formed on SARS-CoV-2 potential to affect the host's metabolism as part of its lifecycle. This hypothesis is evaluated by (a) exploratory analysis of SARS-CoV/human transcriptomic interaction data and gene set enrichment analysis (b) a confirmatory, focused review of the literature based on the findings by (a). A STRING Viruses (available search for human - SARS-CoV (NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606 vs. NCBI taxonomy Id: 694009) genomic interactions reveals ten human proteins, interacting with SARS-CoV: SGTA, FGL2, SPECC1, STAT3, PHB, BCL2L1, PPP1CA, CAV1, JUN, XPO1. Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) with STRING on this network revealed their role as a putative protein - protein interaction network (PPI; Enrichment p-value\u00a0=\u00a00.0296) mediating, viral parasitism, interleukin as well as insulin signaling, diabetes and triglyceride catabolism. In the literature, SARS-CoV has been known to cause de novo diabetes by ACE2-dependent uptake on pancreatic isle cells, and furthermore dysregulate lipid autophagy in favor of the viral lifecycle. Conversely, currently there are only non-causative, observational evidence of worse outcomes for COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes or hyperglycemia. No study has reported on the lipid profiles of COVID-19 patients; however, lipid-targeting molecules have been proposed as agents against SARS-CoV-2. Future studies, reporting on lipid and glucose metabolism of COVID-19 patients could help elucidate the disease's seculae and aid drug design."}, {"pmid": 32405905, "pmcid": "PMC7220640", "title": "Knowledge and Perception Towards Universal Safety Precautions During Early Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Nepal.", "journal": "J Community Health", "authors": ["Singh, Devendra Raj", "Sunuwar, Dev Ram", "Karki, Kshitij", "Ghimire, Saruna", "Shrestha, Naveen"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405905", "countries": ["United States", "Nepal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and perception of COVID-19 and relevant universal safety measures among the Nepalese population. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Nepalese adults from March 29 to April 07, 2020. A 13- and 15- items structured questionnaire assessed the COVID-19 related knowledge and perception of the universal safety measure. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test evaluated the differences in knowledge between the groups. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 21.0 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA). Of the 884 surveys accessed, a total of 871 consented (electronically) and completed the online survey (response rate 98.52%). The median knowledge score of the participants was 10.0 (\u00b1\u20093.0 IQR). Although participants' overall knowledge score was high, only about half of the participants knew about the concept of quarantine and the ideal distance to be maintained between individuals to prevent the transmission. Though the majority of the\u00a0participants had positive perception towards universal safety measure of COVID-19, about 18% perceived that coronavirus infected only older people, 11% opined that the infection was highly fatal with no chances of survival and 70% considered that limiting consumptions of poultry and meat would prevent the spread of COVID-19. A statistically significant difference in knowledge was noted by participants' age, educational status, occupational type, and household monthly income. This study found optimal knowledge and perception of universal safety measures of COVID-19 among the Nepalese population, but misinformation and misunderstanding prevailed."}, {"pmid": 32172487, "pmcid": "PMC7089213", "title": "Back to the spring of 2020: facts and hope of COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Guangbiao", "Chen, Saijuan", "Chen, Zhu"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32172487", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348077, "title": "Impact in the Fight Against COVID-19.", "journal": "WMJ", "authors": ["Kerschner, Joseph E"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348077", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220017, "title": "Perioperative Presentation of COVID-19 Disease in a Liver Transplant Recipient.", "journal": "Hepatology", "authors": ["Qin, Juanjuan", "Wang, Haitao", "Qin, Xuan", "Zhang, Peng", "Zhu, Lihua", "Cai, Jingjing", "Yuan, Yufeng", "Li, Hongliang"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220017", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious. It may rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and result in multiorgan dysfunction or death in some cases.(1,2) Here, we report the case of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent liver transplantation and experienced COVID-19 infection during the perioperative period. This case may help clinicians by alerting them to potential COVID-19 infection in transplant recipients during the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32461418, "title": "Presence of viral RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swab specimens of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Kumar, Kiran", "Prakash, Akshata A", "Gangasagara, Suresh Babu", "Rathod, Sujatha B L", "Ravi, K", "Rangaiah, Ambica", "Shankar, Sathyanarayan Muthur", "Basawarajappa, Shantala Gowdara", "Bhushan, Shashi", "Neeraja, T G", "Khandenahalli, Srinivas", "Swetha, M", "Gupta, Priyam", "Sampritha, U C", "Prasad, Guru N S", "Jayanthi, Chakravarthy Raghunathan"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461418", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To detect the presence of viral RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in conjunctival swab specimens of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients. Forty-five COVID-19 patients positive for real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab with or without ocular manifestations were included in the study. The conjunctival swab of each patient was collected by an ophthalmologist posted for COVID duty. Out of 45 patients, 35 (77.77%) were males and the rest were females. The mean age was 31.26 \u00b1 12.81 years. None of the patients had any ocular manifestations. One (2.23%) out of 45 patients was positive for RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 in the conjunctival swab. This study shows that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in conjunctival swabs of confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients. Though the positivity rate of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs is very less, care should be exercised during the ocular examination of patients of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32358880, "pmcid": "PMC7267631", "title": "Head and neck survivorship care in the times of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Huang, Victoria W", "Imam, Sarah A", "Nguyen, Shaun A"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358880", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the arrival of the coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) in the United\u2009States, care practice paradigms have drastically changed. Data from China suggest that the new virus poses additional risks as case fatality of patients with cancer was higher at 5.6% compared to 2.3% of the general population. There are three proposed major strategies to address care for patients with cancer in this SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with postponing treatment for those with stable cancer, increasing personal protection provisions for patients with cancer, and increasing monitoring if a patient becomes infected with SARS-CoV-2. In this present commentary, we discuss the unique mental health challenges and burdens of patients with head and neck cancer in the times of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and approaches to mitigate these stressors through telemedicine to reduce future burdens to the patient and the health care system."}, {"pmid": 32519743, "title": "Reduction in effective reproduction number of COVID-19 is higher in countries employing active case detection with prompt isolation.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Wilasang, Chaiwat", "Sararat, Chayanin", "Jitsuk, Natcha C", "Yolai, Noppamas", "Thammawijaya, Panithee", "Auewarakul, Prasert", "Modchang, Charin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519743", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Countries that implemented liberal testing with active case finding and prompt isolation, combined with contact tracing and quarantine, were more successful in reducing the reproduction number compared to countries that primarily relied on social distancing and lockdown measures."}, {"pmid": 32398229, "title": "Covid-19: Low skilled men have highest death rate of working age adults.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398229", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432389, "title": "Mitigating disruptions, and scalability of radiation oncology physics work during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Appl Clin Med Phys", "authors": ["Darafsheh, Arash", "Lavvafi, Hossein", "Taleei, Reza", "Khan, Rao"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432389", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has led to disorder in work and livelihood of a majority of the modern world. In this work, we review its major impacts on procedures and\u00a0workflow of clinical physics tasks, and suggest alternate pathways to avoid major disruption or discontinuity of physics tasks in the context of small, medium, and large radiation oncology clinics. We also evaluate scalability of medical physics under the stress of \"social distancing\". Three models of facilities characterized by the number of clinical physicists, daily patient throughput, and equipment were identified for this purpose. For identical objectives of continuity of clinical operations, with constraints such as social distancing and unavailability of staff due to system strain, however with the possibility of remote operations, the performance of these models was investigated. General clinical tasks requiring on-site personnel presence or otherwise were evaluated to determine the scalability of the three models at this point in the course of disease spread within their surroundings. The clinical physics tasks within three models could be divided into two categories. The former, which\u00a0requires individual presence, include safety-sensitive radiation delivery, high dose per fraction treatments, brachytherapy procedures, fulfilling state and nuclear regulatory commission's requirements, etc. The latter, which can be handled through remote means, include\u00a0dose planning, physics plan review and supervision of quality assurance, general troubleshooting, etc. CONCLUSION: At the current level of disease in the United States, all three models have sustained major system stress in continuing reduced operation. However, the small clinic model may not perform if either the current level of infections is maintained for long or staff becomes unavailable due to health issues. With abundance, and diversity of innovative resources, medium and large clinic models can sustain further for physics-related radiotherapy services."}, {"pmid": 32362364, "pmcid": "PMC7164910", "title": "Dramatic impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on donation and transplantation activities in Spain.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Dominguez-Gil, Beatriz", "Coll, Elisabeth", "Ferrer-Fabrega, Joana", "Briceno, Javier", "Rios, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362364", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32150360, "title": "Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19)", "journal": "StatPearls", "authors": ["Cascella, Marco", "Rajnik, Michael", "Cuomo, Arturo", "Dulebohn, Scott C.", "Di Napoli, Raffaela"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:01:00Z", "_id": "32150360", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32314954, "pmcid": "PMC7203164", "title": "COVID-19 Community Stabilization and Sustainability Framework: An Integration of the Maslow Hierarchy of Needs and Social Determinants of Health.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Ryan, Benjamin J", "Coppola, Damon", "Canyon, Deon V", "Brickhouse, Mark", "Swienton, Raymond"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314954", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "All levels of government are authorized to apply coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) protection measures; however, they must consider how and when to ease lockdown restrictions to limit long-term societal harm and societal instability. Leaders that use a well-considered framework with an incremental approach will be able to gradually restart society while simultaneously maintaining the public health benefits achieved through lockdown measures. Economically vulnerable populations cannot endure long-term lockdown, and most countries lack the ability to maintain a full nationwide relief operation. Decision-makers need to understand this risk and how the Maslow hierarchy of needs and the social determinants of health can guide whole of society policies. Aligning decisions with societal needs will help ensure all segments of society are catered to and met while managing the crisis. This must inform the process of incremental easing of lockdowns to facilitate the resumption of community foundations, such as commerce, education, and employment in a manner that protects those most vulnerable to COVID-19. This study proposes a framework for identifying a path forward. It reflects on baseline requirements, regulations and recommendations, triggers, and implementation. Those desiring a successful recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic need to adopt an evidence-based framework now to ensure community stabilization and sustainability."}, {"pmid": 32531121, "title": "Two cases of cutaneous eruptions due to CoVID-19 infection in Singapore: New insights into the spectrum of clinical presentation and histopathology.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Ho, Benjamin Wen Yang", "Wang, Dingyuan", "Tan, Llewelyn Yi Chang", "Bundele, Manish Mahadeorao", "Tan, Chee Hian", "Lim, Joel Hua-Liang"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531121", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The dermatological manifestations of CoVID-19 infection (CI) are variable, including livedo/necrosis, pseudochillblains, vesicular (monomorphic vesicles unlike varicella), urticarial and maculopapular subtypes1 . We report the cutaneous manifestations of two Han-Chinese patients in Singapore with CI and highlight their instructive features. Case 1 is a 43-year-old male with CI who developed truncal and limb rashes 12 days after onset of respiratory symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32444771, "pmcid": "PMC7243431", "title": "Insight into the relationship between obesity-induced low-level chronic inflammation and COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Int J Obes (Lond)", "authors": ["Kim, Jihye", "Nam, Jae-Hwan"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444771", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354022, "title": "ACE2: The key Molecule for Understanding the Pathophysiology of Severe and Critical Conditions of COVID-19: Demon or Angel?", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Xiao, Li", "Sakagami, Hiroshi", "Miwa, Nobuhiko"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354022", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the SARS-CoV-2 induced disease COVID-19 has spread all over the world. Nearly 20% of the patients have severe or critical conditions. SARS-CoV-2 exploits ACE2 for host cell entry. ACE2 plays an essential role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. ACE2 also protects organs from inflammatory injuries and regulates intestinal functions. ACE2 can be shed by two proteases, ADAM17 and TMPRSS2. TMPRSS2-cleaved ACE2 allows SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, whereas ADAM17-cleaved ACE2 offers protection to organs. SARS-CoV-2 infection-caused ACE2 dysfunction worsens COVID-19 and could initiate multi-organ failure. Here, we will explain the role of ACE2 in the pathogenesis of severe and critical conditions of COVID-19 and discuss auspicious strategies for controlling the disease."}, {"pmid": 32266761, "pmcid": "PMC7163592", "title": "Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "CNS Neurosci Ther", "authors": ["Baig, Abdul Mannan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266761", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243599, "title": "The effectiveness of quarantine of Wuhan city against the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A well-mixed SEIR model analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Hou, Can", "Chen, Jiaxin", "Zhou, Yaqing", "Hua, Lei", "Yuan, Jinxia", "He, Shu", "Guo, Yi", "Zhang, Sheng", "Jia, Qiaowei", "Zhao, Chenhui", "Zhang, Jing", "Xu, Guangxu", "Jia, Enzhi"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243599", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus pneumonia, first identified in Wuhan City and referred to as COVID-19 by the World Health Organization, has been quickly spreading to other cities and countries. To control the epidemic, the Chinese government mandated a quarantine of the Wuhan city on January 23, 2020. To explore the effectiveness of the quarantine of the Wuhan city against this epidemic, transmission dynamics of COVID-19 have been estimated. A well-mixed \"susceptible exposed infectious recovered\" (SEIR) compartmental model was employed to describe the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic based on epidemiological characteristics of individuals, clinical progression of COVID-19, and quarantine intervention measures of the authority. Considering infected individuals as contagious during the latency period, the well-mixed SEIR model fitting results based on the assumed contact rate of latent individuals are within 6-18, which represented the possible impact of quarantine and isolation interventions on disease infections, whereas other parameter were suppose as unchanged under the current intervention. The present study shows that, by reducing the contact rate of latent individuals, interventions such as quarantine and isolation can effectively reduce the potential peak number of COVID-19 infections and delay the time of peak infection."}, {"pmid": 32363217, "pmcid": "PMC7195017", "title": "First case of neonatal infection due to COVID 19 in Spain.", "journal": "An Pediatr (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Diaz, Clara Alonso", "Maestro, Maria Lopez", "Pumarega, Maria Teresa Moral", "Anton, Beatriz Flores", "Alonso, Carmen Pallas"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363217", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331955, "pmcid": "PMC7166308", "title": "Cardiac injury is associated with mortality and critically ill pneumonia in COVID-19: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Santoso, Anwar", "Pranata, Raymond", "Wibowo, Arief", "Al-Farabi, Makhyan Jibril", "Huang, Ian", "Antariksa, Budhi"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331955", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to explore the association between cardiac injury and mortality, the need for intensive care unit (ICU) care, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. We performed a comprehensive literature search from several databases. Definition of cardiac injury follows that of the included studies, which includes highly sensitive cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnl) >99th percentile.The primary outcome was mortality, and the secondary outcomes were ARDS, the need for ICU care, and severe COVID-19. ARDS and severe COVID-19 were defined per the World Health Organization (WHO) interim guidance of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) of COVID-19. There were a total of 2389 patients from 13 studies. This meta-analysis showed that cardiac injury was associated with higher mortality (RR 7.95 [5.12, 12.34], p\u00a0<\u00a00.001; I2: 65%). Cardiac injury was associated with higher need for ICU care (RR 7.94 [1.51, 41.78], p\u00a0=\u00a00.01; I2: 79%), and severe COVID-19 (RR 13.81 [5.52, 34.52], p\u00a0<\u00a00.001; I2: 0%). The cardiac injury was not significant for increased risk of ARDS (RR 2.57 [0.96, 6.85], p\u00a0=\u00a00.06; I2: 84%). The level of hs-cTnI was higher in patients with primary + secondary outcome (mean difference 10.38\u00a0pg/mL [4.44, 16.32], p\u00a0=\u00a00.002; I2: 0%). Cardiac injury is associated with mortality, need for ICU care, and severity of disease in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32292865, "pmcid": "PMC7118533", "title": "COVID-19 and the Renin-Angiotensin System.", "journal": "Kidney Int Rep", "authors": ["Malha, Line", "Mueller, Franco B", "Pecker, Mark S", "Mann, Samuel J", "August, Phyllis", "Feig, Peter U"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292865", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407708, "pmcid": "PMC7219397", "title": "The Challenges of Vaccine Development against a New Virus during a Pandemic.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Diamond, Michael S", "Pierson, Theodore C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407708", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid emergence of a highly pathogenic, readily transmissible coronavirus has resulted in a global pandemic, affecting millions and destabilizing economies. This catastrophe triggered a clarion call for the immediate deployment of a protective vaccine. We describe the unique challenges of developing a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in a pandemic setting."}, {"pmid": 32421092, "pmcid": "PMC7224649", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: is interleukin-6 (IL-6) the 'culprit lesion' of ARDS onset? What is there besides Tocilizumab? SGP130Fc.", "journal": "Cytokine X", "authors": ["Magro, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421092", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of COVID-19 many studies have been published showing possible therapies, here the author discusses the end of stage disease related drugs, like Tocilizumab which is currently being used in ARDS patients. In some patients, disease progression leads to an enormous secretion of cytokines, known as cytokine storm, among those cytokines IL-6 plays an important role. Here the author shows how IL-6 has both pro and anti-inflammatory properties, depending on the pathway of transduction: soluble (trans-signaling) or membrane-related (classic signaling), and suggests how targeting only the pro-inflammatory pathway, with SGP130Fc, could be a better option then targeting them both. Other possible IL-6 pathway inhibitors such as Ruxolitinib and Baricinitib are then analyzed, underlying how they lack the benefit of targeting only the pro-inflammatory pathway."}, {"pmid": 32388469, "pmcid": "PMC7189193", "title": "Gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Patel, Kishan P", "Patel, Puja A", "Vunnam, Rama R", "Hewlett, Alexander T", "Jain, Rohit", "Jing, Ran", "Vunnam, Srinivas R"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388469", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an increasing number of confirmed cases and deaths caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contributing to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. At this point, the need for further disease characterization is critical. COVID-19 is well established as a respiratory tract pathogen; however, recent studies have shown an increasing number of patients reporting gastrointestinal manifestations such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The time from onset of gastrointestinal symptoms to hospital presentation is often delayed compared to that of respiratory symptoms. It has been noted that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in fecal matter for an extended period of time, even after respiratory samples have tested negative and patients are asymptomatic. In this article, SARS-CoV-2 and its disease COVID-19 will be reviewed with consideration of the latest literature about gastrointestinal symptomatology, the mechanisms by which the virus may inflict damage, and the possibility of viral replication contributing to a fecal-oral route of transmission."}, {"pmid": 32424193, "title": "Learning to love virtual conferences in the coronavirus era.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Woolston, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424193", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324331, "pmcid": "PMC7264495", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient successfully treated with tocilizumab and hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Fontana, Francesco", "Alfano, Gaetano", "Mori, Giacomo", "Amurri, Alessio", "Tei, Lorenzo", "Ballestri, Marco", "Leonelli, Marco", "Facchini, Francesca", "Damiano, Francesca", "Magistroni, Riccardo", "Cappelli, Gianni"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324331", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia has been poorly reported in solid organ transplanted patients; prognosis is uncertain and best management unclear. We describe the case of a 61-year-old kidney transplant recipient with several comorbidities who was hospitalized and later received a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia; the infection was successfully managed with the use of hydroxychloroquine and a single administration of tocilizumab, after immunosuppression reduction; the patient did not require mechanical ventilation. During the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, transplant clinicians should be readily informed about new cases of COVID-19 pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients, with focus on therapeutic strategies employed and their outcome."}, {"pmid": 32467022, "pmcid": "PMC7200351", "title": "Cardiac surgery and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: What we know, what we do not know, and what we need to do.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Bakaeen, Faisal G", "Gillinov, A Marc", "Roselli, Eric E", "Chikwe, Joanna", "Moon, Marc R", "Adams, David H", "Coselli, Joseph S", "Dearani, Joseph A", "Svensson, Lars G"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467022", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303672, "pmcid": "PMC7163165", "title": "COVID-19 tsunami: the first case of a spinal cord injury patient in Italy.", "journal": "Spinal Cord Ser Cases", "authors": ["Righi, Gabriele", "Del Popolo, Giulio"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303672", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the report of the first, to our best knowledge, case of COVID-19 in a tetraplegic person. A 56-year-old male with AIS A C4 tetraplegia developed fever during the night, without any prodrome. His general practitioner suspected a urinary tract infection and prescribed him antibiotic therapy. After 2 days of antibiotic therapy the fever still persisted, so the individual was admitted to the local hospital and treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. After 2 days he was transferred to our spinal unit. Considering the worsening of the chest X-ray and fever despite 48\u2009h of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, we strongly suspected viral pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 was detected and antiviral therapy with Lopinavir/Ritonavir, associated with hydroxychloroquine, was promptly started. Fever ceased after 2 days of therapy. Blood test and chest X-ray findings in this patient were similar to previously published findings regarding COVID-19. One difference between this case and the known clinical course of COVID-19 is that did not develop cough. Another interesting feature of our case is that, despite tetraplegia, the clinical course was not severe. Persons with COVID-19 remain asymptomatic, these results underscore the need for rehabilitation and SCI professionals to have a high index of suspicion for COVID-19 in their inpatient and outpatient clients. Only inpatient with fever hase being tested for COVID-19. All new patients are submitted to SARS-COV-2 Test. Moreover, routine testing of patients who have to participate in therapy in common gym areas may be warranted."}, {"pmid": 32404020, "pmcid": "PMC7231905", "title": "COVID-19: The race for a vaccine.", "journal": "J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst", "authors": ["Lockey, Emily"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404020", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343410, "pmcid": "PMC7267258", "title": "COVID-19 in Tuberculosis patients: a report of three cases.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["He, Guiqing", "Wu, Jing", "Shi, Jichan", "Dai, Jianyi", "Gamber, Michelle", "Jiang, Xiangao", "Sun, Wenjie", "Cai, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343410", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical features and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with COVID-19 is unclear and understudied. Here, three pulmonary tuberculosis patients with COVID-19 infection were prospectively followed from hospital admission to discharge. We provide information and experience with treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis cases with confirmed COVID-19 infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32518421, "pmcid": "PMC7270071", "title": "[Medico-psychological aspects relating to the coronavirus epidemic (Covid-19): The contribution of the theory of signal detection and the concept of place of control].", "journal": "Ann Med Psychol (Paris)", "authors": ["Naviaux, Anne-Frederique", "Janne, Pascal", "Gourdin, Maximilien"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518421", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475614, "pmcid": "PMC7242919", "title": "COVID-19: Situation of European Countries so Far.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Pillai, Sunitha", "Siddika, Nazeeba", "Hoque Apu, Ehsanul", "Kabir, Russell"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475614", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32477373, "pmcid": "PMC7235419", "title": "Implications of COVID-19 Outbreak on Immune Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis Patients-Lessons Learned From SARS and MERS.", "journal": "Front Immunol", "authors": ["Mohn, Nora", "Pul, Refik", "Kleinschnitz, Christoph", "Pruss, Harald", "Witte, Torsten", "Stangel, Martin", "Skripuletz, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32477373", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic keeps the world in suspense. In addition to the fundamental challenges for the health care system, the individual departments must decide how to deal with patients at risk. Neurologists are confronted with the question, how they should advise their patients regarding immunosuppressive treatment. In particular, the large number of different disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in the treatment of neuroimmunological diseases such as multiple sclerosis poses a challenge. To a limited extent, it might be useful to transfer knowledge from previous SARS- and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus outbreaks in 2002/2003 and 2012 to the current situation. Overall, immunosuppressive therapy does neither seem to have a major impact on infection with SARS- and MERS-CoV nor does it seem to lead to a severe disease course in many cases. Considering the immunological responses against infections with novel coronaviruses in humans, interferons, glatiramer acetate, and teriflunomide appear to be safe. As lymphopenia seems to be associated with a more severe disease course, all DMTs causing lymphopenia, such as cladribine, alemtuzumab, and dimethyl fumarate, need to be reviewed more thoroughly. As they are, in general, associated with a higher risk of infection, depleting anti-CD20 antibodies may be problematic drugs. However, it has to be differentiated between the depletion phase and the phase of immune reconstitution. In summary, previous coronavirus outbreaks have not shown an increased risk for immunocompromised patients. Patients with severe neuroimmunological diseases should be kept from hasty discontinuation of immunotherapy."}, {"pmid": 32374405, "pmcid": "PMC7239197", "title": "ST-elevation myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism in a patient with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Ueki, Yasushi", "Otsuka, Tatsuhiko", "Windecker, Stephan", "Raber, Lorenz"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374405", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527342, "title": "[Clinical characteristics and risk factors of acute kidney injury in coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Zhang, Jiahao", "Li, Juan", "Su, Lianjiu", "Yang, Jie", "Jiang, Xiaofang", "Jiang, Nanhui", "Lei, Yu", "He, Li", "Lu, Qiaofa", "Shen, Sanying", "Chen, Fan", "Peng, Zhiyong"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527342", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the characteristics and the risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated acute kidney injury (AKI). A retrospective cohort study was performed to examine the basic data, clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with COVID-19 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Wuhan Fourth Hospital from January 1st to February 1st in 2020. According to the diagnostic criteria of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), patients with AKI were included in AKI group and those without AKI were included in non-AKI group. The differences of each index between the two groups were compared. The prognostic value of AKI for COVID-19 was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression. A total of 394 COVID-19 patients were included, with a total mortality of 5.6%; 37 (9.4%) of them developed AKI. The mortality of patients with COVID-19 associated AKI was 18.9%. There were significant differences in age, gender, smoking history, hypertension history, malignancy history, cardiovascular disease history and cerebrovascular disease history between the two groups. In addition to the difference of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEU), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reaction protein (CRP) in AKI group were significantly higher than those in non-AKI group [WBC (\u00d7109/L): 5.75 (4.13, 7.83) vs. 4.52 (3.35, 5.90), NEU (\u00d7109/L): 4.55 (2.81, 6.11) vs. 3.06 (2.03, 4.50), AST (U/L): 40.0 (24.5, 69.5) vs. 30.0 (23.0, 42.5), LDH (\u03bcmol\u00d7s-1\u00d7L-1): 5.21 (3.68, 7.57) vs. 4.24 (3.05, 5.53), D-dimer (\u03bcg/L): 456 (266, 2 172) vs. 290 (152, 610), PCT (\u03bcg/L): 0.33 (0.03, 1.52) vs. 0.01 (0.01, 0.11), CRP (mg/L): 53.80 (26.00, 100.90) vs. 23.60 (9.25, 51.10), all P < 0.05], while lymphocyte count (LYM) and platelet count (PLT) were decreased [LYM (\u00d7109/L): 0.68 (0.47, 1.05) vs. 0.91 (0.63, 1.25), PLT (\u00d7109/L): 142.0 (118.0, 190.0) vs. 171.0 (130.0, 2 190.0), both P < 0.05]. The mortality of AKI group was significantly higher than that of non-AKI group [18.9% (7/37) vs. 4.2% (15/357), P < 0.01]. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the 30-day cumulative survival of AKI group was lower than that of non-AKI group (log-rank: P = 0.003). Cox analysis also showed that AKI increased the odds of patients with COVID-19 mortality by 3.2-fold [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.208, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.076-9.566, P = 0.037]. The risk of AKI is higher in patients with COVID-19. Early intervention to prevent AKI in patients with COVID-19 is of great significance to improve the prognosis of patients."}, {"pmid": 32424954, "title": "The hypothetical role of Phosphatidic Acid in subverting ER membranes during SARS-CoV infection.", "journal": "Traffic", "authors": ["Moriel-Carretero, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424954", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Positive sense (+) RNA viruses exploit membranes from a variety of cellular organelles to support the amplification of their genomes. This association concurs with the formation of vesicles whose main morphological feature is that of being wrapped by a double membrane. In the case of the SARS-CoV virus, the outer membrane is not discrete for each vesicle, but seems to be continuous and shared between many individual vesicles, a difference with other +RNA viruses whose nature has remained elusive. I present morphological, biochemical and pharmacological arguments defending the striking analogy of this arrangement and that of entangled, nascent Lipid Droplets whose birth has been aborted by an excess of Phosphatidic Acid. Since Phosphatidic Acid can be targeted with therapeutical purposes, considering this working hypothesis may prove important in tackling SARS-CoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32412125, "pmcid": "PMC7273095", "title": "Androgen sensitivity gateway to COVID-19 disease severity.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Wambier, Carlos Gustavo", "Goren, Andy", "Vano-Galvan, Sergio", "Ramos, Paulo Muller", "Ossimetha, Angelina", "Nau, Gerard", "Herrera, Sabina", "McCoy, John"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412125", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this communication, we present arguments for androgen sensitivity as a likely determinant of COVID-19 disease severity. The androgen sensitivity model explains why males are more likely to develop severe symptoms while children are ostensibly resistant to infection. Further, the model explains the difference in COVID-19 mortality rates among different ethnicities. Androgen sensitivity is determined by genetic variants of the androgen receptor. The androgen receptor regulates transcription of the transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which is required for SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. TMPRSS2 primes the Spike protein of the virus, which has two consequences: diminishing viral recognition by neutralizing antibodies and activating SARS-CoV-2 for virus-cell fusion. Genetic variants that have been associated with androgenetic alopecia, prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia and polycystic ovary syndrome could be associated with host susceptibility. In addition to theoretical epidemiological and molecular mechanisms, there are reports of high rates of androgenetic alopecia of from hospitalized COVID-19 patients due to severe symptoms. Androgen sensitivity is a likely determinant of COVID-19 disease severity. We believe that the evidence presented in this communication warrants the initiation of trials using anti-androgen agents."}, {"pmid": 32387456, "pmcid": "PMC7202813", "title": "Androgen-deprivation therapies for prostate cancer and risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2: a population-based study (N = 4532).", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Montopoli, M", "Zumerle, S", "Vettor, R", "Rugge, M", "Zorzi, M", "Catapano, C V", "Carbone, G M", "Cavalli, A", "Pagano, F", "Ragazzi, E", "Prayer-Galetti, T", "Alimonti, A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387456", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) depends on binding of the viral spike (S) proteins to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and on S protein priming by TMPRSS2. Inhibition of TMPRSS2 may work to block or decrease the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Intriguingly, TMPRSS2 is an androgen-regulated gene that is up-regulated in prostate cancer where it supports tumor progression and is involved in a frequent genetic translocation with the ERG gene. First- or second-generation androgen-deprivation therapies (ADTs) decrease the levels of TMPRSS2. Here we put forward the hypothesis that ADTs may protect patients affected by prostate cancer from SARS-CoV-2 infections. We extracted data regarding 9280 patients (4532 males) with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 68 hospitals in Veneto, one of the Italian regions that was most affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The parameters used for each COVID-19-positive patient were sex, hospitalization, admission to intensive care unit, death, tumor diagnosis, prostate cancer diagnosis, and ADT. There were 9280 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients in the Veneto on 1 April 2020. Overall, males developed more severe complications, were more frequently hospitalized, and had a worse clinical outcome than females. Considering only the Veneto male population (2.4 million men), 0.2% and 0.3% of non-cancer and cancer patients, respectively, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Comparing the total number of SARS-CoV-2-positive cases, prostate cancer patients receiving ADT had a significantly lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with patients who did not receive ADT (OR 4.05; 95% CI 1.55-10.59). A greater difference was found comparing prostate cancer patients receiving ADT with patients with any other type of cancer (OR 4.86; 95% CI 1.88-12.56). Our data suggest that cancer patients have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections compared with non-cancer patients. However, prostate cancer patients receiving ADT appear to be partially protected from SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32278362, "pmcid": "PMC7158940", "title": "Trials of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy for COVID-19 are urgently needed.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Feldmann, Marc", "Maini, Ravinder N", "Woody, James N", "Holgate, Stephen T", "Winter, Gregory", "Rowland, Matthew", "Richards, Duncan", "Hussell, Tracy"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278362", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437022, "title": "Olfactory and gustatory function impairment in COVID-19 patients: Italian objective multicenter-study.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Vaira, Luigi Angelo", "Hopkins, Claire", "Salzano, Giovanni", "Petrocelli, Marzia", "Melis, Andrea", "Cucurullo, Marco", "Ferrari, Mario", "Gagliardini, Laura", "Pipolo, Carlotta", "Deiana, Giovanna", "Fiore, Vito", "De Vito, Andrea", "Turra, Nicola", "Canu, Sara", "Maglio, Angelantonio", "Serra, Antonello", "Bussu, Francesco", "Madeddu, Giordano", "Babudieri, Sergio", "Giuseppe Fois, Alessandro", "Pirina, Pietro", "Salzano, Francesco A", "De Riu, Pierluigi", "Biglioli, Federico", "De Riu, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437022", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective data on chemosensitive disorders during COVID-19 are lacking in the Literature. Multicenter cohort study that involved four Italian hospitals. Three hundred and forty-five COVID-19 patients underwent objective chemosensitive evaluation. Chemosensitive disorders self-reported by 256 patients (74.2%) but the 30.1% of the 89 patients who did not report dysfunctions proved objectively hyposmic. Twenty-five percentage of patients were seen serious long-lasting complaints. All asymptomatic patients had a slight lowering of the olfactory threshold. No significant correlations were found between the presence and severity of chemosensitive disorders and the severity of the clinical course. On the contrary, there is a significant correlation between the duration of the olfactory and gustatory symptoms and the development of severe COVID-19. Patients under-report the frequency of chemosensitive disorders. Contrary to recent reports, such objective testing refutes the proposal that the presence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction may predict a milder course, but instead suggests that those with more severe disease neglect such symptoms in the setting of severe respiratory disease."}, {"pmid": 32461658, "title": "The epic battle against coronavirus misinformation and conspiracy theories.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ball, Philip", "Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461658", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495333, "title": "[The Key Role of Taiwanese Nurses in Combating COVID-19 Pandemic].", "journal": "Hu Li Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Shu-Fen", "Huang, Lian-Hua", "Chen, Ching-Min", "Chuang, Tzu-Hsien", "Peng, Mei-Tzi", "Wang, Hsiu-Hung"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495333", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to rage worldwide, Taiwan has achieved outstanding performance in controlling the spread of the outbreak domestically, earning global appreciation. Nurses on the frontlines deserve much of the credit for the ongoing success in fighting against this outbreak in Taiwan. Taiwan's success to date is grounded in proactive preparedness and deployment by the government and effective teamwork among government agencies, medical institutions, enterprises, and the public. Comprehensive containment strategies and preparedness have allowed nurses to effectively perform their duties and combat the pandemic. Nurses safeguard the public's health a myriad of ways, including implementing quarantine measures at air and seaports, conducting fever screenings, delivering inpatient isolation treatments, performing case contact tracing, providing community care services, and operating special chartered-flight services. The Taiwan Nurses Association (TWNA) provides vital lead in this pandemic response, advocating for the safety, health and wellbeing of nurses; highlighting the contributions and value of nurses; and enhancing the professional image and status of nurses. Furthermore, through its global platform, TWNA shares with peer organizations worldwide the content and efficacy of actions taken by the national government, the contributions of healthcare workers, and the support and encouragement received from the public in COVID-19 containment to demonstrate values of Taiwan and nursing."}, {"pmid": 32415836, "pmcid": "PMC7239260", "title": "Response to COVID-19 and ACEI/ARB: NOT ASSOCIATED?", "journal": "Am J Hypertens", "authors": ["Schiffrin, Ernesto L", "Flack, John M", "Ito, Sadayoshi", "Muntner, Paul", "Webb, R Clinton"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415836", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382317, "pmcid": "PMC7203876", "title": "An Extended Statement by the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society President Regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Interv Cardiol", "authors": ["Curzen, Nick"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382317", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239133, "pmcid": "PMC7184361", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: we are all in this together.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Momplaisir, Florence"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239133", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302257, "title": "COVID-19 Transmission in Dental Practice: Brief Review of Preventive Measures in Italy.", "journal": "J Dent Res", "authors": ["Izzetti, R", "Nisi, M", "Gabriele, M", "Graziani, F"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302257", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak and diffusion of SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has caused an emergency in the health system worldwide. After a first development in Wuhan, China, the virus spread in other countries, with Italy registering the second highest number of cases in Europe on the 7th of April 2020 (135,586 in total). The World Health Organization declared the pandemic diffusion of COVID-19, and restrictive measures to limit contagion have been taken in several countries. The virus has a predominantly respiratory transmission through aerosol and droplets. The importance of infection control is therefore crucial in limiting the effects of virus diffusion. We aim to discuss the risks related to dental practice and current recommendations for dental practitioners. A literature search was performed to retrieve articles on the management of COVID-19 diffusion in dental practice. The documented clinical experience, the measures of professional prevention, and the actual Italian situation were reported and described. Four articles were retrieved from the literature search. Among the eligible articles, 3 reported measures to contrast COVID-19 diffusion. The infection management protocols suggested were reviewed. Finally, recommendations based on the Italian experience in terms of patient triage, patients' entrance into the practice, dental treatment, and after-treatment management are reported and discussed. COVID-19 is a major emergency worldwide, which should not be underestimated. Due to the rapidly evolving situation, further assessment of the implications of COVID-19 outbreak in dental practice is needed."}, {"pmid": 32450473, "pmcid": "PMC7237926", "title": "Elevated cardiac biomarkers are associated with increased mortality for inpatients with COVID-19: A retrospective case-control study.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Su, Minghua", "Wang, Yichao", "Peng, Jieru", "Wu, Meng-Jun", "Deng, Wuquan", "Yang, You-Sheng"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450473", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462282, "pmcid": "PMC7251046", "title": "Ivermectin, antiviral properties and COVID-19: a possible new mechanism of action.", "journal": "Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol", "authors": ["Rizzo, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462282", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug that has shown also an effective pharmacological activity towards various infective agents, including viruses. This paper proposes an alternative mechanism of action for this drug that makes it capable of having an antiviral action, also against the novel coronavirus, in addition to the processes already reported in literature."}, {"pmid": 32484958, "title": "Clearance and Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Carmo, Analia", "Pereira-Vaz, Joao", "Mota, Vanda", "Mendes, Alexandra", "Morais, Celia", "da Silva, Andreia Coelho", "Camilo, Elisabete", "Pinto, Catarina Silva", "Cunha, Elizabete", "Pereira, Janet", "Coucelo, Margarida", "Martinho, Patricia", "Correia, Lurdes", "Marques, Gilberto", "Araujo, Lucilia", "Rodrigues, Fernando"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484958", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 patients may be discharged based on clinical resolution of symptoms, and evidence for viral RNA clearance from the upper respiratory tract. Understanding the SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance profile is crucial to establish a re-testing plan on discharge and ending isolation of patients. We aimed to evaluate the number of days that a patient needed to achieve undetectable levels of SARS-CoV-2 in upper respiratory tract specimens (nasopharyngeal swab and/or an oropharyngeal swab). The clearance and persistence of viral RNA was evaluated in two groups of positive patients: those who achieved two negative RT-PCR tests and those who kept testing positive. Patients were organized thereafter in two subgroups, mild illness patients discharged home and inpatients who had moderate to severe illness. Results from RT-PCR tests were then correlated with results from the evaluation of the immune response. The study evidenced that most patients tested positive for more than two weeks and that persistence of viral RNA is not necessarily associated with severe disease but may result from a weaker immune response instead. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32525473, "title": "Pandemic planning: plotting a course through the coronawars.", "journal": "J Med Microbiol", "authors": ["Inglis, Timothy J J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525473", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The biological motor behind the current coronavirus pandemic has placed microbiology on a global stage, and given its practitioners a role among the architects of recovery. Planning for a return to normality or the new normal is a complex, multi-agency task for which healthcare scientists may not be prepared. This paper introduces a widely used military planning framework known as the Joint Military Appreciation Process, and outlines how it can be applied to deal with the next phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognition of SARS-CoV-2's critical attributes, targetable vulnerabilities, and its most likely and most dangerous effects is a necessary precursor to scoping, framing and mission analysis. From this flows course of action development, analysis, concept of operations development, and an eventual decision to act on the plan. The same planning technique is applicable to the larger scale task of setting a microbiology-centric plan in the broader context of social and economic recovery."}, {"pmid": 32344657, "title": "Strategies and Solutions for Team Sports Athletes in Isolation due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Sports (Basel)", "authors": ["Jukic, Igor", "Calleja-Gonzalez, Julio", "Cos, Francesc", "Cuzzolin, Francesco", "Olmo, Jesus", "Terrados, Nicolas", "Njaradi, Nenad", "Sassi, Roberto", "Requena, Bernardo", "Milanovic, Luka", "Krakan, Ivan", "Chatzichristos, Kostas", "Alcaraz, Pedro E"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344657", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December of 2019, there was an outbreak of a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) in China. The virus rapidly spread into the whole World causing an unprecedented pandemic and forcing governments to impose a global quarantine, entering an extreme unknown situation. The organizational consequences of quarantine/isolation are: absence of organized training and competition, lack of communication among athletes and coaches, inability to move freely, lack of adequate sunlight exposure, inappropriate training conditions. Based on the current scientific, we strongly recommend encouraging the athlete to reset their mindset to understand quarantine as an opportunity for development, organizing appropriate guidance, educating and encourage athletes to apply appropriate preventive behavior and hygiene measures to promote immunity and ensuring good living isolation conditions. The athlete's living space should be equipped with cardio and resistance training equipment (portable bicycle or rowing ergometer). Some forms of body mass resistance circuit-based training could promote aerobic adaptation. Sports skills training should be organized based on the athlete's needs. Personalized conditioning training should be carried out with emphasis on neuromuscular performance. Athletes should also be educated about nutrition (Vitamin D and proteins) and hydration. Strategies should be developed to control body composition. Mental fatigue should be anticipated and mental controlled. Adequate methods of recovery should be provided. Daily monitoring should be established. This is an ideal situation in which to rethink personal life, understanding the situation, that can be promoted in these difficult times that affect practically the whole world."}, {"pmid": 32411920, "pmcid": "PMC7220169", "title": "Views of patients with inflammatory bowel disease on the COVID-19 pandemic: a global survey.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["D'Amico, Ferdinando", "Rahier, Jean-Francois", "Leone, Salvo", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent", "Danese, Silvio"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411920", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408356, "title": "Decline in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding during Covid-19 pandemic after lockdown in Austria.", "journal": "Endoscopy", "authors": ["Schmiderer, Andreas", "Schwaighofer, Hubert", "Niederreiter, Lukas", "Profanter, Christoph", "Steinle, Hartmut", "Ziachehabi, Alexander", "Tilg, Herbert"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408356", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and study aims COVID-19 disease has rapidly spread all over the world. The Austrian government has implemented a lockdown to contain further spread of this disease on March 16th. We investigated the effects of lockdown on acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in Austria. Patients and methods We contacted 98 Austrian hospitals performing emergency endoscopies. The hospitals were asked to report upper GI endoscopies performed because of recent hematemesis, melena, or both and exhibiting endoscopically visible signs of bleeding. Investigated time points included three weeks before and after lockdown. Results 61% of Austrian hospitals and importantly all major state hospitals responded. 575 upper GI bleedings occurred in the three weeks before and 341 after lockdown (40.7% reduction). When comparing the first and last calendar week of investigation we observed an almost 55% decline in nonvariceal bleeding events (calendar week 9 versus 14: 196 versus 89) whereas rates of variceal hemorrhage did not change (calendar week 9 versus 14: 17 versus 15). Conclusions National lockdown resulted in a dramatic decrease in upper gastrointestinal bleeding events."}, {"pmid": 32269087, "pmcid": "PMC7144267", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Infection in Newborn Babies Under 28 Days in China.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Zhang, Zhi-Jiang", "Yu, Xue-Jie", "Fu, Tao", "Liu, Yu", "Jiang, Yan", "Yang, Bing Xiang", "Bi, Yongyi"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269087", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies described the clinical features of Covid-19 in adults and infants under 1\u2005year of age. Little is known about features, outcomes and intrauterine transmission potential in newborn babies aged 28\u2005days or less. Through systematical searching, we identified 4 infections in newborn babies in China as of March 13. The age range was 30\u2005h to 17\u2005days old. Three were male. Two newborn babies had fever, 1 had shortness of breath, 1 had cough and 1 had no syndromes. Supportive treatment was provided for all 4 newborn babies. None required intensive unit care or mechanical ventilation. None had any severe complications. Three newborn babies recovered by the end of this study and had been discharged with 16, 23, and 30\u2005days of hospital stay. All 4 mothers were infected by SARS-CoV-2, 3 showing symptoms before and 1 after delivery. Cesarean section was used for all 4 mothers, 3 at level III hospitals and 1 at a level II hospital. Three newborn babies were separated from mothers right after being born and were not breastfed. In summary, newborn babies are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The symptoms in newborn babies were milder and outcomes were less severe as compared to adults. Intrauterine vertical transmission is possible but direct evidence is still lacking."}, {"pmid": 32503087, "title": "Regarding: Lui RN, Wong SH, Sanchez-Luna SA, et al. Overview of guidance for endoscopy during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;35(5):749-759. doi:10.1111/jgh.15053.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Gomez Cifuentes, Juan D", "Sparkman, Jordan", "Choi, Kati", "Sealock, Robert J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503087", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335067, "pmcid": "PMC7177089", "title": "Management of Lung Nodules and Lung Cancer Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic: CHEST Expert Panel Report.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Mazzone, Peter J", "Gould, Michael K", "Arenberg, Douglas A", "Chen, Alexander C", "Choi, Humberto K", "Detterbeck, Frank C", "Farjah, Farhood", "Fong, Kwun M", "Iaccarino, Jonathan M", "Janes, Samuel M", "Kanne, Jeffrey P", "Kazerooni, Ella A", "MacMahon, Heber", "Naidich, David P", "Powell, Charles A", "Raoof, Suhail", "Rivera, M Patricia", "Tanner, Nichole T", "Tanoue, Lynn K", "Tremblay, Alain", "Vachani, Anil", "White, Charles S", "Wiener, Renda Soylemez", "Silvestri, Gerard A"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335067", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The risks from potential exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and resource reallocation that has occurred to combat the pandemic, have altered the balance of benefits and harms that informed current (pre-COVID-19) guideline recommendations for lung cancer screening and lung nodule evaluation. Consensus statements were developed to guide clinicians managing lung cancer screening programs and patients with lung nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic. An expert panel of 24 members, including pulmonologists (n\u00a0= 17), thoracic radiologists (n\u00a0= 5), and thoracic surgeons (n\u00a0= 2), was formed. The panel was provided with an overview of current evidence, summarized by recent guidelines related to lung cancer screening and lung nodule evaluation. The panel was convened by video teleconference to discuss and then vote on statements related to 12 common clinical scenarios. A predefined threshold of 70%\u00a0of panel members voting agree or strongly agree was used to determine if there was a consensus for each statement. Items that may influence decisions were listed as notes to be considered for each scenario. Twelve statements related to baseline and annual lung cancer screening (n\u00a0= 2), surveillance of a previously detected lung nodule (n\u00a0= 5), evaluation of intermediate and high-risk lung nodules (n\u00a0= 4), and management of clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer (n\u00a0= 1) were developed and modified. All 12 statements were confirmed as consensus statements according to the voting results. The consensus statements provide guidance about situations in which it was believed to be appropriate to delay screening, defer surveillance imaging of lung nodules, and minimize nonurgent interventions during the evaluation of lung nodules and stage I non-small cell lung cancer. There was consensus that during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is appropriate to defer enrollment in lung cancer screening and modify the evaluation of lung nodules due to the added risks from potential exposure and the need for resource reallocation. There are multiple local, regional, and patient-related factors that should be considered when applying these statements to individual patient care."}, {"pmid": 32348233, "title": "Pulmonary Embolism and Increased Levels of d-Dimer in Patients with Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Griffin, Daniel O", "Jensen, Alexandra", "Khan, Mushmoom", "Chin, Jessica", "Chin, Kelly", "Saad, Jennifer", "Parnell, Ryan", "Awwad, Christopher", "Patel, Darshan"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348233", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report 3 patients with coronavirus disease who had a decline in respiratory status during their hospital course that responded well to intravenous steroids and interleukin-6 receptor antagonist therapy. These patients later showed development of persistent hypoxia with increased levels of d-dimer levels and were given a diagnosis of pulmonary embolisms."}, {"pmid": 32305440, "pmcid": "PMC7161494", "title": "Big data and cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Grant-Kels, Jane M", "Sloan, Brett", "Kantor, Jonathan", "Elston, Dirk M"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305440", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215952, "title": "Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Recalcati, S"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215952", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475052, "title": "Binding affinities of 438 HLA proteins to complete proteomes of seven pandemic viruses and distributions of strongest and weakest HLA peptide binders in populations worldwide.", "journal": "HLA", "authors": ["Barquera, Rodrigo", "Collen, Evelyn", "Di, Da", "Buhler, Stephane", "Teixeira, Joao", "Llamas, Bastien", "Nunes, Jose Manuel", "Sanchez-Mazas, Alicia"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475052", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report detailed peptide-binding affinities between 438 HLA Class I and Class II proteins and complete proteomes of seven pandemic human viruses, including coronaviruses, influenza viruses and HIV-1. We contrast these affinities with HLA allele frequencies across hundreds of human populations worldwide. Statistical modelling shows that peptide-binding affinities classified into four distinct categories depend on the HLA locus but that the type of virus is only a weak predictor, except in the case of HIV-1. Among the strong HLA binders (IC50 \u2264\u200950), we uncovered 16 alleles (the top ones being A*02:02, B*15:03 and DRB1*01:02) binding more than 1% of peptides derived from all viruses, 9 (top ones including HLA-A*68:01, B*15:25, C*03:02 and DRB1*07:01) binding all viruses except HIV-1, and 15 (top ones A*02:01 and C*14:02) only binding coronaviruses. The frequencies of strongest and weakest HLA peptide binders differ significantly among populations from different geographic regions. In particular, Indigenous peoples of America show both higher frequencies of strongest and lower frequencies of weakest HLA binders. As many HLA proteins are found to be strong binders of peptides derived from distinct viral families, and are hence promiscuous (or generalist), we discuss this result in relation to possible signatures of natural selection on HLA promiscuous alleles due to past pathogenic infections. Our findings are highly relevant for both evolutionary genetics and the development of vaccine therapies. However they should not lead to forget that individual resistance and vulnerability to diseases go beyond the sole HLA allelic affinity and depend on multiple, complex and often unknown biological, environmental and other variables."}, {"pmid": 32327426, "title": "SLE patients are not immune to covid-19: importance of sending the right message across.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Goyal, Mohit"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327426", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379381, "pmcid": "PMC7267415", "title": "Widening Disparities Among Patients with Rheumatic Diseases in the COVID-19 Era: An Urgent Call to Action.", "journal": "Arthritis Rheumatol", "authors": ["Feldman, Candace H", "Ramsey-Goldman, Rosalind"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379381", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent data from multiple public health departments across the U.S. highlighting the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 infections in vulnerable populations serve as an urgent call to action. As rheumatologists, we are acutely aware of the higher morbidity and mortality, and for a number of our diseases, the higher incidence and prevalence among racial/ethnic minorities and individuals of lower socioeconomic status (SES). Comorbidities are frequent, timely access to subspecialty care is limited, receipt of high quality care is less common, and care is more often fragmented with frequent, avoidable acute care use."}, {"pmid": 32473049, "title": "Estimation of the Serial Interval and Basic Reproduction Number of COVID-19 in Qom, Iran, and Three Other Countries: A Data-Driven Analysis in the Early Phase of the Outbreak.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Aghaali, Mohammad", "Kolifarhood, Goodarz", "Nikbakht, Roya", "Mozafar Saadati, Hossein", "Hashemi Nazari, Seyed Saeed"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473049", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 was first reported from China, and on February 19, 2020, the first case was confirmed in Qom, Iran. The basic reproduction number (R0 ) of infection is variable in different populations and periods. The present study aimed to estimate the R0 of COVID-19 in Qom, Iran and compare it with other countries. For estimation of the serial interval, we used data of the 51 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and their 318 close contacts in the Qom, Iran. The daily number of confirmed cases in the early phase of the outbreak and estimated serial interval were used for R0 estimation. We used the time-varying method as a method with the least bias to estimate R0 in Qom, Iran, China, Italy, and South Korea. The serial interval was estimated with gamma distribution, mean of 4.55 days and a standard deviation of 3.30 days for the COVID-19 epidemic based on Qom data. The number of R0 in the present study was estimated to be between 2 and 3 in Qom. Of the four countries studied, the lowest R0 was estimated for South Korea (1.5-2) and the highest for Iran (4-5). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that R0 is sensitive to the applied mean generation time. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first to estimate R0 number in Qom. To control the epidemic, the number of reproduction number should be reduced by decreasing the contact rate, decreasing transmission probability and decreasing the duration of the infectious period."}, {"pmid": 32425360, "pmcid": "PMC7233254", "title": "Systemic endothelial dysfunction: a common pathway for COVID-19, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.", "journal": "Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["De Lorenzo, Andrea", "Escobar, Silas", "Tibirica, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425360", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some of the mechanisms and conditions underlying endothelial dysfunction.A-human skin capillaries, visualized with high-resolution intravital color microscopy in the finger of a patient with obesity, metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease.B- healthy control. The reduced number of capillaries can be noticed in A compared to B.Image 1."}, {"pmid": 32454250, "pmcid": "PMC7245215", "title": "Avoiding health worker infection and containing the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Perspectives from the frontline in Wuhan.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Tang, Ling-Hua", "Tang, Shan", "Chen, Xiao-Liang", "Zhang, Shi", "Xiong, Yong", "Chen, Rong", "Li, Wei", "Liu, Hui-Min", "Xia, Zhong-Yuan", "Meng, Qing-Tao"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454250", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused great public concern worldwide due to its high rates of infectivity and pathogenicity. The Chinese government responded in a timely manner, alleviated the dilemma, achieved a huge victory and lockdown has now been lifted in Wuhan. However, the outbreak has occurred in more than 200 other countries. Globally, as of 9:56 am CEST on 19 May 2020, there have been 4,696,849 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 315,131 deaths, reported to Word Health Organization (WHO). The spread of COVID-19 overwhelmed the healthcare systems of many countries and even crashed the fragile healthcare systems of some. Although the situation in each country is different, health workers play a critical role in the fight against COVID-19. In this review, we highlight the status of health worker infections in China and other countries, especially the causes of infection in China and the standardised protocol to protect health workers from the perspective of an anaesthesiologist, in the hope of providing references to reduce medical infections and contain the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32283711, "pmcid": "PMC7226809", "title": "scRNA-seq Profiling of Human Testes Reveals the Presence of the ACE2 Receptor, A Target for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli Cells.", "journal": "Cells", "authors": ["Wang, Zhengpin", "Xu, Xiaojiang"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283711", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. SARS-CoV-2 shares both high sequence similarity and the use of the same cell entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Several studies have provided bioinformatic evidence of potential routes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive and urinary systems. However, whether the reproductive system is a potential target of SARS-CoV-2 infection has not yet been determined. Here, we investigate the expression pattern of ACE2 in adult human testes at the level of single-cell transcriptomes. The results indicate that ACE2 is predominantly enriched in spermatogonia and Leydig and Sertoli cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicates that Gene Ontology (GO) categories associated with viral reproduction and transmission are highly enriched in ACE2-positive spermatogonia, while male gamete generation related terms are downregulated. Cell-cell junction and immunity-related GO terms are increased in ACE2-positive Leydig and Sertoli cells, but mitochondria and reproduction-related GO terms are decreased. These findings provide evidence that the human testis is a potential target of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may have significant impact on our understanding of the pathophysiology of this rapidly spreading disease."}, {"pmid": 32364048, "title": "The BMA COVID-19 ethical guidance: a legal analysis.", "journal": "New Bioeth", "authors": ["Hurford, James E LLB (Hons), LLM, MA, Solicitor"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364048", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The paper considers the recently published British Medical Association Guidance on ethical issues arising in relation to rationing of treatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic. It considers whether it is lawful to create policies for the rationing and withdrawal of treatment, and goes on to consider how such policies might apply in practice. Legal analysis is undertaken of certain aspects of the Guidance which appear to misunderstand the law in respect of withdrawing treatment."}, {"pmid": 32505456, "title": "A nationwide survey of UK cardiac surgeons' view on clinical decision making during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Benedetto, Umberto", "Goodwin, Andrew", "Kendall, Simon", "Uppal, Rakesh", "Akowuah, Enoch"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505456", "countries": ["Ireland", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No firm recommendations are currently available to guide decision making for patients requiring cardiac surgery during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Systematic appraisal of senior surgeons' consensus can be used to generate interim recommendations until data from clinical observations become available. Hence, we aimed to collect and quantitatively appraise nationwide UK consultants' opinions on clinical decision making for patients requiring cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. We E-mailed a Web-based questionnaire to all consultant cardiac surgeons through the Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery in Great Britain and Ireland mailing list on the April 17, 2020, and we predetermined to close the survey on the April 21, 2020. This survey was primarily designed to gather information on UK surgeons' opinions using 12 items. Strong consensus was predefined as an opinion shared by at least 60% of responding consultants. A total of 86 consultant surgeons undertook the survey. All UK cardiac units were represented by at least 1 consultant. Strong consensus was achieved for the following key questions: (1) before any hospital admission for cardiac surgery, nasopharyngeal swab, polymerase chain reaction, and computed tomography of the chest should be performed; (2) the use of full personal protective equipment should to be adopted in every case by the theater team regardless of the patient's COVID-19 status; (3) the risk of COVID-19 exposure for patients undergoing heart surgery should be considered moderate to high and likely to increase mortality if it occurs; and (4) cardiac procedures should be decided based on a rapidly convened multidisciplinary team discussion for every patient. The majority believed that both aortic and mitral surgery should be considered in selected cases. The role of coronary artery bypass graft surgery during the pandemic was controversial. In this unprecedented pandemic period, this survey provides information for generating interim recommendations until data from clinical observations become available."}, {"pmid": 32522740, "title": "Obesity and covid-19: the role of the food industry.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tan, Monique", "He, Feng J", "MacGregor, Graham A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522740", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32248565, "pmcid": "PMC7228271", "title": "A twin challenge to handle: COVID-19 with pregnancy.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal K", "Mishra, Ajay K", "Lal, Amos"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248565", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397870, "title": "YouTube as a source of medical information on the novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Glob Public Health", "authors": ["D'Souza, Ryan S", "D'Souza, Shawn", "Strand, Natalie", "Anderson, Alexandra", "Vogt, Matthew N P", "Olatoye, Oludare"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397870", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Media coverage on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been extensive, yet large gaps remain in our understanding of the role of social media platforms during worldwide health crisis. The purpose of this study was to assess the most viewed YouTube videos on COVID-19 for medical content. We coded video characteristics, source, and medical content of the 113 most-widely viewed videos about COVID-19. Seventy-nine (69.9%) videos were classified as useful, and 10 (8.8%) videos were classified as misleading. Independent users were more likely to post misleading videos than useful videos (60.0% vs 21.5%, P\u2009=\u20090.009). News agencies were more likely to post useful videos than misleading videos (72.2% vs 40.0%, P\u2009=\u20090.039). Useful videos were more likely to present any information on prevalence or incidence (79.7% vs 20.0%, P\u2009<\u20090.001), as well as information on outcomes or prognosis (84.8% vs 30.0%, P\u2009<\u20090.001) compared to misleading videos. The World Health Organization contributed one useful video (1.3%), while no videos from the Center for Disease Control were included. Although YouTube generally is a useful source of medical information on the COVID-19 pandemic, increased efforts to disseminate accurate information from reputable sources is desired to help mitigate disease spread and decrease unnecessary panic in the general population."}, {"pmid": 32340829, "pmcid": "PMC7166105", "title": "Educating Surgeons to Educate Patients About the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Saxena, Arjun", "Bullock, Matthew", "Danoff, Jonathan R", "Rodd, Denise Smith", "Fischer, Stuart J", "Stronach, Ben M", "Levine, Brett R"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340829", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spring of 2020 has been a trying time for the global medical community as it has faced the latest pandemic, COVID-19. This contagious and lethal virus has impacted patients and health care workers alike. Elective surgeries have been suspended, and the very core of our health care system is being strained. The following brief communication reviews pertinent details about the virus, delaying elective surgeries, and what patients can do during this time. The goal is to disseminate factual data that surgeons can then use to educate their patients."}, {"pmid": 32182811, "pmcid": "PMC7084373", "title": "Reverse Logistics Network Design for Effective Management of Medical Waste in Epidemic Outbreaks: Insights from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Wuhan (China).", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yu, Hao", "Sun, Xu", "Solvang, Wei Deng", "Zhao, Xu"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32182811", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of an epidemic disease may pose significant treats to human beings and may further lead to a global crisis. In order to control the spread of an epidemic, the effective management of rapidly increased medical waste through establishing a temporary reverse logistics system is of vital importance. However, no research has been conducted with the focus on the design of an epidemic reverse logistics network for dealing with medical waste during epidemic outbreaks, which, if improperly treated, may accelerate disease spread and pose a significant risk for both medical staffs and patients. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel multi-objective multi-period mixed integer program for reverse logistics network design in epidemic outbreaks, which aims at determining the best locations of temporary facilities and the transportation strategies for effective management of the exponentially increased medical waste within a very short period. The application of the model is illustrated with a case study based on the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Even though the uncertainty of the future COVID-19 spread tendency is very high at the time of this research, several general policy recommendations can still be obtained based on computational experiments and quantitative analyses. Among other insights, the results suggest installing temporary incinerators may be an effective solution for managing the tremendous increase of medical waste during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, but the location selection of these temporary incinerators is of significant importance. Due to the limitation on available data and knowledge at present stage, more real-world information are needed to assess the effectiveness of the current solution."}, {"pmid": 32355330, "pmcid": "PMC7192055", "title": "Inactivated vaccine for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Risson, Emma"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355330", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462564, "pmcid": "PMC7251802", "title": "Health Disparities and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in the USA.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Khatana, Sameed Ahmed M", "Groeneveld, Peter W"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462564", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510977, "title": "Reply to: Standards and Stereotypes in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Ziehr, David R", "Alladina, Jehan", "Petri, Camille R", "Maley, Jason H", "Moskowitz, Ari", "Medoff, Benjamin D", "Hibbert, Kathryn A", "Thompson, B Taylor", "Hardin, C Corey"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510977", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440387, "pmcid": "PMC7237060", "title": "Extubation and the Risks of Coughing and Laryngospasm in the Era of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Sibert, Karen S", "Long, Jennifer L", "Haddy, Steven M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440387", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted new interest among anesthesiologists and intensivists in controlling coughing and expectoration of potentially infectious aerosolized secretions during intubation and extubation. However, the fear of provoking laryngospasm may cause avoidance of deep or sedated extubation techniques which could reduce coughing and infection risk. This fear may be alleviated with clear understanding of the mechanisms and effective management of post-extubation airway obstruction including\u00a0laryngospasm. We review the dynamic function of the larynx from the vantage point of head-and-neck surgery, highlighting two key concepts: 1. The larynx is a complex organ that may occlude reflexively at levels other than the true vocal folds; 2. The widely held belief that positive-pressure ventilation by mask can \"break\" laryngospasm is not supported by the otorhinolaryngology literature. We review the differential diagnosis of acute airway obstruction after extubation, discuss techniques for achieving smooth extubation with avoidance of coughing and expectoration of secretions, and recommend, on the basis of this review, a clinical pathway for optimal management of upper airway obstruction including laryngospasm to avoid adverse outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32444460, "pmcid": "PMC7243036", "title": "Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Docherty, Annemarie B", "Harrison, Ewen M", "Green, Christopher A", "Hardwick, Hayley E", "Pius, Riinu", "Norman, Lisa", "Holden, Karl A", "Read, Jonathan M", "Dondelinger, Frank", "Carson, Gail", "Merson, Laura", "Lee, James", "Plotkin, Daniel", "Sigfrid, Louise", "Halpin, Sophie", "Jackson, Clare", "Gamble, Carrol", "Horby, Peter W", "Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S", "Ho, Antonia", "Russell, Clark D", "Dunning, Jake", "Openshaw, Peter Jm", "Baillie, J Kenneth", "Semple, Malcolm G"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444460", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To characterise the clinical features of patients admitted to hospital with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in the United Kingdom during the growth phase of the first wave of this outbreak who were enrolled in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK (CCP-UK) study, and to explore risk factors associated with mortality in hospital. Prospective observational cohort study with rapid data gathering and near real time analysis. 208 acute care hospitals in England, Wales, and Scotland between 6 February and 19 April 2020. A case report form developed by ISARIC and WHO was used to collect clinical data. A minimal follow-up time of two weeks (to 3 May 2020) allowed most patients to complete their hospital admission. 20\u2009133 hospital inpatients with covid-19. Admission to critical care (high dependency unit or intensive care unit) and mortality in hospital. The median age of patients admitted to hospital with covid-19, or with a diagnosis of covid-19 made in hospital, was 73 years (interquartile range 58-82, range 0-104). More men were admitted than women (men 60%, n=12\u2009068; women 40%, n=8065). The median duration of symptoms before admission was 4 days (interquartile range 1-8). The commonest comorbidities were chronic cardiac disease (31%, 5469/17\u2009702), uncomplicated diabetes (21%, 3650/17\u2009599), non-asthmatic chronic pulmonary disease (18%, 3128/17\u2009634), and chronic kidney disease (16%, 2830/17\u2009506); 23% (4161/18\u2009525) had no reported major comorbidity. Overall, 41% (8199/20\u2009133) of patients were discharged alive, 26% (5165/20\u2009133) died, and 34% (6769/20\u2009133) continued to receive care at the reporting date. 17% (3001/18\u2009183) required admission to high dependency or intensive care units; of these, 28% (826/3001) were discharged alive, 32% (958/3001) died, and 41% (1217/3001) continued to receive care at the reporting date. Of those receiving mechanical ventilation, 17% (276/1658) were discharged alive, 37% (618/1658) died, and 46% (764/1658) remained in hospital. Increasing age, male sex, and comorbidities including chronic cardiac disease, non-asthmatic chronic pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, liver disease and obesity were associated with higher mortality in hospital. ISARIC WHO CCP-UK is a large prospective cohort study of patients in hospital with covid-19. The study continues to enrol at the time of this report. In study participants, mortality was high, independent risk factors were increasing age, male sex, and chronic comorbidity, including obesity. This study has shown the importance of pandemic preparedness and the need to maintain readiness to launch research studies in response to outbreaks. ISRCTN66726260."}, {"pmid": 32515404, "title": "Comprehensive overview of COVID-19 clinical trials.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Ejaz, Kiran", "Kauser, Tanveer", "Siddiqa, Amnah"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515404", "countries": ["India", "Pakistan", "Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here, we present an overview of the clinical trials that are currently being conducted or have concluded to date on COVID-19 globally. A comprehensive search was conducted to present 16 trial registries from around the world. Collectively, there are 1,528 trials reported for COVID-19 to date. Out of them, 50 studies included paediatric age group from day 0 to less than or equal to 18 years of age. A few 18 studies involve only females and 20 only males. There are 2 trials currently underway in Bangladesh, 4 in Pakistan and 13 in India. Overall, 940 trials are related to medicines and/or interventions. They include standard of care for any viral illness, antivirals, anti-inflammatory and immune altering medications. Two out of 10 vaccine trials are novel vaccines. It is knowledgeable and resourceful to reach out to the concerned sponsor if a physician thinks his patient can benefit from the trials in the region."}, {"pmid": 32313406, "pmcid": "PMC7166093", "title": "COVID 19 Outbreak: Potential of Biochemistry Speciality.", "journal": "Indian J Clin Biochem", "authors": ["Ahirwar, Ashok Kumar", "Asia, Priyanka", "Sakarde, Apurva", "Bhardwaj, Shilpa"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313406", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488341, "pmcid": "PMC7264482", "title": "Rethinking the respiratory paradigm of COVID-19: a 'hole' in the argument.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Rajendram, Rajkumar", "Kharal, Ghulam Abbas", "Mahmood, Naveed", "Puri, Rishi", "Kharal, Mubashar"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488341", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301959, "title": "From Mitigation to Containment of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Putting the SARS-CoV-2 Genie Back in the Bottle.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Walensky, Rochelle P", "Del Rio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301959", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249944, "title": "About the origin of the first two Sars-CoV-2 infections in Italy: inference not supported by appropriate sequence analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Carletti, Fabrizio", "Lalle, Eleonora", "Messina, Francesco", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Capobianchi, Maria R"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249944", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the 5th February 2020 issue of Journal of Medical Virology a paper was published by Giovannetti et al., entitled \"The first two cases of 2019-nCoV in Italy: where they come from?\"1 . In this paper a phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis was applied to the virus identified in the first two subjects diagnosed in Italy with 2019-nCoV infection, recently renamed SARS-CoV-22 , two Chinese spouses arrived in Italy for tourism. The diagnosis was performed by the virology team under direction of Maria R. Capobianchi, at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INMI) in Rome, Italy, where the patients are currently hospitalized. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32506792, "title": "Organ Transplantation during COVID-19 Pandemic: Making the Best Patient Care Decision.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Mujtaba, Muhammad", "Kueht, Michael", "Merwat, Shehzad", "Hussain, Syed", "Gamilla-Crudo, Ann Kathleen", "Kulkarni, Rupak", "Merwat, Sheharyar", "Fair, Jeff"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506792", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is with great interest and sadness that we read the experience of Akalin et al. and Pereira et al. with unprecedented mortality (18-28%) in transplant recipients in New York City, New York. High mortality reports in transplant patients have created anxiety among some community practitioners as evidence as to why transplants should not be performed at this time, contrary to the recommendations from multiple transplant organizations."}, {"pmid": 32468980, "title": "Coronavirus and exceptional health situations: the first disaster with benefits on air pollution.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Bouillon-Minois, Jean-Baptiste", "Lesage, Francois-Xavier", "Schmidt, Jeannot", "Dutheil, Frederic"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468980", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473399, "pmcid": "PMC7255238", "title": "Biophotonic telemedicine for disease diagnosis and monitoring during pandemics: overcoming COVID-19 and shaping the future of healthcare.", "journal": "Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther", "authors": ["Nogueira, Marcelo Saito"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473399", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232979, "pmcid": "PMC7228305", "title": "Analysis of heart injury laboratory parameters in 273 COVID-19 patients in one hospital in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Han, Huan", "Xie, Linlin", "Liu, Rui", "Yang, Jie", "Liu, Fang", "Wu, Kailang", "Chen, Lang", "Hou, Wei", "Feng, Yong", "Zhu, Chengliang"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232979", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic spreads rapidly worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 infection caused mildly to seriously and fatally respiratory, enteric, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. In this study, we detected and analyzed the main laboratory indicators related to heart injury, creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB), myohemoglobin (MYO), cardiac troponin I (ultra-TnI), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), in 273 patients with COVID-19 and investigated the correlation between heart injury and severity of the disease. It was found that higher concentration in venous blood of CK-MB, MYO, ultra-TnI, and NT-proBNP were associated with the severity and case fatality rate of COVID-19. Careful monitoring of the myocardiac enzyme profiles is of great importance in reducing the complications and mortality in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32447603, "pmcid": "PMC7245189", "title": "YouTube as a source of information on COVID-19 and rheumatic disease link.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Kocyigit, Burhan Fatih", "Akaltun, Mazlum Serdar", "Sahin, Ahmet Riza"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447603", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is continuing to spread rapidly despite all efforts. Patients with rheumatic disease may have higher levels of anxiety due to their disease characteristics and medications. The web-based platforms are widely used sources for gaining medical information. YouTube presents a wide range of medical information, but there are concerns on its quality. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the quality of the YouTube videos about COVID-19 and rheumatic diseases link. This is a descriptive study. A total of 360 videos listed by the YouTube search engine (www.youtube.com) in response to six search terms were evaluated. The Global Quality Scale (GQS) was performed to evaluate video quality. Three groups were formed according to GQS scores: high quality, moderate quality, and low quality. Video parameters were compared between these groups. After the exclusion criteria, 46 videos were reviewed. Of the videos, 41.4% (n\u2009=\u200919) were of high-quality group, 21.7% (n\u2009=\u200910) were moderate-quality group, and 36.9% (n\u2009=\u200917) were of low-quality group. Significant difference was detected between the quality groups in terms of views per day (p\u2009=\u20090.004). No significant difference was detected in comments per day (p\u2009=\u20090.139) and like ratio (p\u2009=\u20090.232). Besides high-quality videos, there were substantially low-quality videos that could cause misleading information to spread rapidly during the pandemic. Videos from trustworthy sources such as universities, academics, and physicians should be kept in the foreground.Key Points\u2022Web-based platforms have become an important source of health-related information. One of the most important online sources is YouTube because it is easy accessible and free.\u2022Of the videos evaluating the link between COVID-19 and rheumatic diseases, 41.4% (n\u2009=\u200919) were of high quality.\u2022The main sources of high-quality videos were academics/universities and physicians.\u2022The most frequently discussed topics in videos were the place of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 and whether to continue the use of existing rheumatological drugs."}, {"pmid": 32413197, "title": "Scientific Editing in the COVID-19 Era-Personal Vignettes from the JBMR Editors.", "journal": "J Bone Miner Res", "authors": ["Hofbauer, Lorenz C", "Rivadeneira, Fernando", "Westendorf, Jennifer J", "Civitelli, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413197", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501023, "title": "Coronavirus disease-2019 epidemic response in Uganda: The need to strengthen and engage primary healthcare.", "journal": "Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med", "authors": ["Besigye, Innocent K", "Mulowooza, Michael", "Namatovu, Jane"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501023", "countries": ["Uganda"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Uganda, the numbers of new coronavirus disease cases have continued to increase slowly since the first case was confirmed. Given that the disease is likely to be holoendemic, the role of primary care (PC) with its features of comprehensiveness, accessibility, coordination and continuity, functioning at the heart of a primary healthcare (PHC) approach, will be important. The elements of PC are applicable in the epidemic preparation, case finding and management, follow-up and post-epidemic phases of responding to this pandemic. This also presents opportunities and lessons for strengthening PHC as well as for reflections on missed opportunities. The effective use of available resources in response to the epidemic should mainly focus on community mobilisation and PHC teams for the prevention, screening, testing and treatment of mild and moderate cases."}, {"pmid": 32208975, "pmcid": "PMC7243668", "title": "Applying the Lessons of Influenza to COVID-19 During a Time of Uncertainty.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Vardeny, Orly", "Madjid, Mohammad", "Solomon, Scott D"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208975", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305269, "pmcid": "PMC7152921", "title": "Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19): A case series of early suspected cases reported and the implications towards the response to the pandemic in Zimbabwe.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Makurumidze, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305269", "countries": ["Zimbabwe"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Zimbabwe is among the countries that have been identified to be at risk of the COVID-19 pandemic. As of the 15th of March 2020, there was no confirmed case of the virus. Official reports of suspected cases were used to appraise the general screening, case management, and the emergency preparedness and response of the country towards the COVID-19 pandemic. In terms of the surveillance and capacity to screen at the ports of entry, the country seems to be faring well. The country might not be screening optimally, considering the number of COVID-19 tests conducted to date and the suspected cases who missed testing. Three of the suspected cases faced mental, social, and psychological consequences due to them being suspected cases of COVID-19. There is a need to enhance the screening process and infrastructure at all the ports of entry. More COVID-19 diagnostic tests should be procured to increase the testing capacity. Training and awareness on mental, social, and psychological consequences of COVID-19 should be offered to the health care workers and the general public. More financial resources should be sourced to enable the country control the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32402687, "pmcid": "PMC7184002", "title": "Pulmonary infarction secondary to pulmonary thromboembolism in COVID-19 diagnosed with dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Marsico, Salvatore", "Espallargas Gimenez, Irene", "Carbullanca Toledo, Santiago Javier", "Del Carpio Bellido, Luis Alexandre", "Maiques Llacer, Jose Maria", "Zuccarino, Flavio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402687", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474940, "title": "From SARS to COVID-19: the Singapore journey.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Lin, Ray Junhao", "Lee, Tau Hong", "Lye, David Cb"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474940", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32166939, "title": "[Which sampling method for the upper respiratory tract specimen should be taken to diagnose patient with COVID-19?]", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ye, B", "Fan, C", "Pan, Y", "Ding, R", "Hu, H X", "Xiang, M L"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166939", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is raging in China, especially in Hubei Province, which has resulted great dangers in people's life and national economy. According to the guidelines drafted by China's Center for Disease prevention and Control (CDC), the positive nucleic acid test is need to the diagnosis of patient with COVID-19. Upper respiratory tract specimens are the main sources for nucleic acid detection. However, based on international guidelines of COVID-19 , no recommended level of upper respiratory tract sampling method is proposed. Therefore, which kind of sampling methods should be chosen to help the COVID-19 diagnosis and which way is the most secure for doctors and nurses is our concern. In this review, we analyzed a total of 10 literatures on the sampling methods of upper respiratory tract related to infectious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS), and influenza A (H1N1), which were spread worldwide in past years. Literatures were collected from the three dimensions of sampling method, sampling time, and sampling safety. It was found that among all the upper respiratory sampling methods, nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) had a higher positive rate within 2 weeks of symptom onset, while combined nasal and oropharyngeal swabs (NS + OPS) was the least harmful to medical staff during sampling. We wish this review is helpful for the prevention of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32419766, "pmcid": "PMC7224670", "title": "Assessing Differential Impacts of COVID-19 on Black Communities.", "journal": "Ann Epidemiol", "authors": ["Millett, Gregorio A", "Jones, Austin T", "Benkeser, David", "Baral, Stefan", "Mercer, Laina", "Beyrer, Chris", "Honermann, Brian", "Lankiewicz, Elise", "Mena, Leandro", "Crowley, Jeffrey S", "Sherwood, Jennifer", "Sullivan, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419766", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given incomplete data reporting by race, we used data on COVID-19 cases and deaths in US counties to describe racial disparities in COVID-19 disease and death and associated determinants. Using publicly available data (accessed April 13, 2020), predictors of COVID-19 cases and deaths were compared between disproportionately (>13%) black and all other (<13% black) counties. Rate ratios were calculated and population attributable fractions (PAF) were estimated using COVID-19 cases and deaths via zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. National maps with county-level data and an interactive scatterplot of COVID-19 cases were generated. Nearly ninety-seven percent of disproportionately black counties (656/677) reported a case and 49% (330/677) reported a death versus 81% (1987/2,465) and 28% (684/ 2465), respectively, for all other counties. Counties with higher proportions of black people have higher prevalence of comorbidities and greater air pollution. Counties with higher proportions of black residents had more COVID-19 diagnoses (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17-1.33) and deaths (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.00-1.40), after adjusting for county-level characteristics such as age, poverty, comorbidities, and epidemic duration. COVID-19 deaths were higher in disproportionally black rural and small metro counties. The PAF of COVID-19 diagnosis due to lack of health insurance was 3.3% for counties with <13% black residents and 4.2% for counties with >13% black residents. Nearly twenty-two percent of US counties are disproportionately black and they accounted for 52% of COVID-19 diagnoses and 58% of COVID-19 deaths nationally. County-level comparisons can both inform COVID-19 responses and identify epidemic hot spots. Social conditions, structural racism, and other factors elevate risk for COVID-19 diagnoses and deaths in black communities."}, {"pmid": 32273143, "pmcid": "PMC7138181", "title": "Everything Old is New again: COVID-19 and Public Health.", "journal": "J Pediatr Nurs", "authors": ["Vessey, Judith A", "Betz, Cecily L"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273143", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455505, "title": "Erythema multiforme and Kawasaki disease associated with COVID-19 infection in children.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Labe, P", "Ly, A", "Sin, C", "Nasser, M", "Chapelon-Fromont, E", "Ben Said, P", "Mahe, E"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455505", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interest the publications in the JEADV which reported dermatological manifestations associated with COVID-19, such as pityriasis rosea, urticaria, rash, vascular signs, or chilblain-like lesions. Herein, we report two life-threatening cases of children presenting with fever and eruptions with mucous membrane involvement - erythema multiforme and Kawasaki disease - associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32302988, "pmcid": "PMC7164397", "title": "Editorial. Pediatric neurosurgery along with Children's Hospitals' innovations are rapid and uniform in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Pediatr", "authors": ["Weiner, Howard L", "Adelson, P David", "Brockmeyer, Douglas L", "Maher, Cormac O", "Gupta, Nalin", "Smyth, Matthew D", "Jea, Andrew", "Blount, Jeffrey P", "Riva-Cambrin, Jay", "Lam, Sandi K", "Ahn, Edward S", "Albert, Gregory W", "Leonard, Jeffrey R"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302988", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423513, "pmcid": "PMC7264454", "title": "Critical Care Surge Capacity to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: A Rapid and Affordable Solution in the Novara Hospital.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Cammarota, Gianmaria", "Ragazzoni, Luca", "Capuzzi, Fabio", "Pulvirenti, Simone", "De Vita, Nello", "Santangelo, Erminio", "Verdina, Federico", "Grossi, Francesca", "Vaschetto, Rosanna", "Della Corte, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423513", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid insurgence and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exceeded the limit of the intensive care unit (ICU) contingency plan of the Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 University Hospital (Novara, Italy) generating a crisis management condition. This brief report describes how a prompt response to the sudden request of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) was provided by addressing the key elements of health care system surge capacity from contingency to crisis. In a short time and at a relatively low cost, a structural modification of a hospital aisle allowed to convert the general ICU into a COVID-19 unit, increasing the number of COVID-19 critical care beds by 107%."}, {"pmid": 32432563, "title": "Reporting of D-dimer data in COVID-19: some confusion and potential for misinformation.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Favaloro, Emmanuel J", "Thachil, Jecko"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432563", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a new pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A previous pooled analysis clearly identified elevated D-dimer levels as being associated with severity of COVID-19. Since then, several other studies have provided clearer support for this initial evidence. However, potentially under-recognized by those reporting on D-dimer is the considerable variation in reporting units for D-dimer, and thus also the potential for misreporting of D-dimer data based on poor or incomplete reporting. A PubMed search was used to identify recent papers reporting on D-dimers in COVID-19-based studies. We report that: (1) most publications did not identify either the manufacturer or D-dimer product used; (2) most did not identify whether D-dimer values were reported as D-dimer units (DDU) or fibrinogen equivalent units (FEU) (~2\u2009\u00d7\u2009 differences); (3) nearly half did not identify normal cut-off values; (4) some did not report numerical findings or units for D-dimer; (5) where reported, most identified units as either mg/L or \u03bcg/mL; (6) we identified at least four errors in reporting from 21 papers. It may not be possible to truly standardize D-dimer assays, but it should be feasible to harmonize D-dimer assays to a single unit of measurement."}, {"pmid": 32415723, "title": "Australian and New Zealand consensus statement on the management of lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and myeloma during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Intern Med J", "authors": ["Di Ciaccio, Pietro", "McCaughan, Georgia", "Trotman, Judith", "Ho, Phoebe Joy", "Cheah, Chan Y", "Gangatharan, Shane", "Wight, Joel", "Ku, Matthew", "Quach, Hang", "Gasiorowski, Robin", "Polizzotto, Mark N", "Prince, Henry Miles", "Mulligan, Stephen", "Tam, Constantine S", "Gregory, Gareth", "Hapgood, Greg", "Spencer, Andrew", "Dickinson, Michael", "Latimer, Maya", "Johnston, Anna", "Armytage, Tasman", "Lee, Cindy", "Cochrane, Tara", "Berkhahn, Leanne", "Weinkove, Robert", "Doocey, Richard", "Harrison, Simon J", "Webber, Nicholas", "Lee, Hui-Peng", "Chapman, Scott", "Campbell, Belinda A", "Gibbs, Simon D J", "Hamad, Nada"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415723", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic poses a unique challenge to the care of patients with haematological malignancies. Viral pneumonia is known to cause disproportionately severe disease in patients with cancer, and patients with lymphoma, myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia are likely to be at particular risk of severe disease related to COVID-19. This statement has been developed by consensus among authors from Australia and New Zealand. We aim to provide supportive guidance to clinicians making individual patient decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular during periods that access to healthcare resources may be limited. General recommendations include those to minimise patient exposure to COVID-19, including the use of telehealth, avoidance of non-essential visits and minimisation of time spent by patients in infusion suites and other clinical areas. This statement also provides recommendations where appropriate in assessing indications for therapy, reducing therapy-associated immunosuppression and reducing healthcare utilisation in patients with specific haematological malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific decisions regarding therapy of haematological malignancies will need to be individualised, based on disease risk, risks of immunosuppression, rates of community transmission of COVID-19 and available local healthcare resources."}, {"pmid": 32406037, "pmcid": "PMC7220615", "title": "COVID-19: is fibrosis the killer?", "journal": "J Cell Commun Signal", "authors": ["Leask, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406037", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a respiratory disease. A recent report in Lancet examined, retrospectively, 137 patients with COVD-19. Patients that died had elevated IL-6 levels and acute respiratory distress syndrome. These data have obvious implications for how to control mortality in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32289437, "pmcid": "PMC7151312", "title": "Delivering high-quality vascular care by telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Fankhauser, Grant T"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289437", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426709, "pmcid": "PMC7230137", "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection. What are the implications for the commencement of elective surgery?", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Ross, Gary L"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426709", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233755, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Cardiovascular Disease: A Viewpoint on the Potential Influence of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Onset and Severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Guo, Junyi", "Huang, Zheng", "Lin, Li", "Lv, Jiagao"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233755", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282225, "title": "Reperfusion of STEMI in the COVID-19 Era - Business as Usual?", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Daniels, Matthew J", "Cohen, Mauricio G", "Bavry, Anthony A", "Kumbhani, Dharam J"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282225", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498009, "title": "Mass intake of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in the present context of the Covid-19 outbreak: Possible consequences in endemic malaria settings.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Mvumbi, Dieudonne M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498009", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518134, "title": "Addressing caregiver moral distress during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Morley, Georgina", "Sese, Denise", "Rajendram, Prabalini", "Horsburgh, Cristie Cole"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518134", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Moral distress is the psychological distress that is experienced in relation to a morally challenging situation or event. Although it was first observed within nursing, caregivers across all disciplines-including physicians, respiratory therapists, social workers and chaplains-experience moral distress. In this consult, we discuss 5 types of moral distress using examples of changes to clinical practice that have occurred due to COVID-19. We also provide suggestions for responding to moral distress and outline the resources available at Cleveland Clinic."}, {"pmid": 32480013, "pmcid": "PMC7258853", "title": "Management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration during the COVID-19 pandemia.", "journal": "Ophthalmol Retina", "authors": ["Corradetti, Giulia", "Corvi, Federico", "Nguyen, Tieu Vy", "Sadda, SriniVas R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480013", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32139552, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 induced diarrhoea as onset symptom in patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Song, Y", "Liu, P", "Shi, X L", "Chu, Y L", "Zhang, J", "Xia, J", "Gao, X Z", "Qu, T", "Wang, M Y"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32139552", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284616, "pmcid": "PMC7094929", "title": "Estimating clinical severity of COVID-19 from the transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Wu, Joseph T", "Leung, Kathy", "Bushman, Mary", "Kishore, Nishant", "Niehus, Rene", "de Salazar, Pablo M", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Lipsitch, Marc", "Leung, Gabriel M"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284616", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of 29 February 2020 there were 79,394 confirmed cases and 2,838 deaths from COVID-19 in mainland China. Of these, 48,557 cases and 2,169 deaths occurred in the epicenter, Wuhan. A key public health priority during the emergence of a novel pathogen is estimating clinical severity, which requires properly adjusting for the case ascertainment rate and the delay between symptoms onset and death. Using public and published information, we estimate that the overall symptomatic case fatality risk (the probability of dying after developing symptoms) of COVID-19 in Wuhan was 1.4% (0.9-2.1%), which is substantially lower than both the corresponding crude or na\u00efve confirmed case fatality risk (2,169/48,557\u2009=\u20094.5%) and the approximator1 of deaths/deaths\u2009+\u2009recoveries (2,169/2,169\u2009+\u200917,572\u2009=\u200911%) as of 29 February 2020. Compared to those aged 30-59\u2009years, those aged below 30 and above 59 years were 0.6 (0.3-1.1) and 5.1 (4.2-6.1) times more likely to die after developing symptoms. The risk of symptomatic infection increased with age (for example, at ~4% per year among adults aged 30-60 years)."}, {"pmid": 32353346, "pmcid": "PMC7185947", "title": "Estimation of COVID-19 burden in Egypt.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hassany, Mohamed", "Abdel-Razek, Wael", "Asem, Noha", "AbdAllah, Mohamed", "Zaid, Hala"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353346", "countries": ["Egypt"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372852, "pmcid": "PMC7195001", "title": "Orthopaedic patient workflow in CoViD-19 pandemic in Italy.", "journal": "J Orthop", "authors": ["Bettinelli, Giulia", "Delmastro, Elena", "Salvato, Damiano", "Salini, Vincenzo", "Placella, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372852", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "CoViD-19 epidemic started in China in late December 2019, and soon spread, turning into a pandemic. All medical specialties have soon been involved in the management of CoViD-19 patients; the daily Orthopaedic activity has been affected profoundly by this dramatic health emergency. The present paper aims to summarize all the measures and changes that had to be made in order to avoid the healthcare system collapse in the most affected areas, and provides an operative flowchart."}, {"pmid": 32060015, "title": "Coronavirus: home testing pilot launched in London to cut hospital visits and ambulance use.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32060015", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496235, "title": "Kerala's response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Sadanandan, Rajeev"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496235", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The response of Kerala state to COVID-19, led by the health department, was nested in larger social mobilization. Kerala has developed a strong government health system. Learning from managing the Nipah outbreaks, Kerala took effective prevention measures early. Local governments, actively involved in public health in Kerala, played an active role in controlling the epidemic and in cushioning the impact on the poor. Transparency in information and willingness of the government to take the people into confidence has contributed to enhancing trust in the government. These strengths will stand Kerala in good stead as it prepares to manage the next wave of COVID-19 infections."}, {"pmid": 32498731, "title": "Online behavioural patterns for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United Kingdom.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Walker, M D", "Sulyok, M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498731", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529545, "pmcid": "PMC7289229", "title": "Natural Products as Potential Leads Against Coronaviruses: Could They be Encouraging Structural Models Against SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Nat Prod Bioprospect", "authors": ["Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan", "Senol Deniz, F Sezer"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529545", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New coronavirus referred to SARS-CoV-2 has caused a worldwide pandemic (COVID-19) declared by WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is akin to SARS-CoV, which was the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 as well as to that of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012. SARS-CoV-2 has been revealed to belong to Coronaviridiae family as a member of \u03b2-coronaviruses. It has a positive-sense single-stranded RNA with the largest RNA genome. Since its genomic sequence has a notable similarity to that of SARS-CoV, antiviral drugs used to treat SARS and MERS are now being also applied for COVID-19 treatment. In order to combat SARS-CoV-2, many drug and vaccine development studies at experimental and clinical levels are currently conducted worldwide. In this sense, medicinal plants and the pure natural molecules isolated from plants have been reported to exhibit significant inhibitory antiviral activity against SARS-CoV and other types of coronaviruses. In the present review, plant extracts and natural molecules with the mentioned activity are discussed in order to give inspiration to researchers to take these molecules into consideration against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32402596, "pmcid": "PMC7198151", "title": "[Practical guidelines for the radiotherapy for patients presented with haematological malignancies in the epidemic COVID-19 situation: International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group recommendations].", "journal": "Cancer Radiother", "authors": ["Kirova, Y"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402596", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340566, "pmcid": "PMC7241546", "title": "COVID-19: an FY1 on the frontline.", "journal": "Med Educ Online", "authors": ["Jeyabaladevan, Priyancaa"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340566", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global spread of COVID-19 has put increased pressure on the NHS. The Government has put in a number of strategies to cope with this pandemic, which includes increasing funding for the NHS. However, increased funding itself will not ease the workload. With a number of our staff isolating from work due to COVID-19, we as the workforce have to step out of comfort zones and work in unfamiliar specialties. These are unprecedented times and are placing strains on our health service. Nonetheless, we as healthcare professionals have taken oaths that we are honouring and will continue to do so, till this virus is put to rest."}, {"pmid": 32467526, "title": "Sequencing Treatments for Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Muralidhar, Vinayak", "Dee, Edward Christopher", "D'Amico, Anthony V"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467526", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426212, "pmcid": "PMC7231734", "title": "Cross-reactive Antibody Response between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV Infections.", "journal": "Cell Rep", "authors": ["Lv, Huibin", "Wu, Nicholas C", "Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin", "Yuan, Meng", "Perera, Ranawaka A P M", "Leung, Wai Shing", "So, Ray T Y", "Chan, Jacky Man Chun", "Yip, Garrick K", "Chik, Thomas Shiu Hong", "Wang, Yiquan", "Choi, Chris Yau Chung", "Lin, Yihan", "Ng, Wilson W", "Zhao, Jincun", "Poon, Leo L M", "Peiris, J S Malik", "Wilson, Ian A", "Mok, Chris K P"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426212", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization has declared the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, which is caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a pandemic. There is currently a lack of knowledge about the antibody response elicited from SARS-CoV-2 infection. One major immunological question concerns antigenic differences between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. We address this question by analyzing plasma from patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV and from infected or immunized mice. Our results show that, although cross-reactivity in antibody binding to the spike protein is common, cross-neutralization of the live viruses may be rare, indicating the presence of a non-neutralizing antibody response to conserved epitopes in the spike. Whether such low or non-neutralizing antibody response leads to antibody-dependent disease enhancement needs to be addressed in the future. Overall, this study not only addresses a fundamental question regarding antigenicity differences between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV but also has implications for immunogen design and vaccine development."}, {"pmid": 32433798, "title": "How is the cardiovascular patient managed during Covid-19 pandemic? A report from the frontline.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Cortese, Bernardo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433798", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314059, "pmcid": "PMC7170733", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgeons and the strategy for triaging non-emergent operations: a global neurosurgery study.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Jean, Walter C", "Ironside, Natasha T", "Sack, Kenneth D", "Felbaum, Daniel R", "Syed, Hasan R"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314059", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted all aspects of society globally. As healthcare resources had to be preserved for infected patients, and the risk of in-hospital procedures escalated for uninfected patients and staff, neurosurgeons around the world have had to postpone non-emergent procedures. Under these unprecedented conditions, the decision to defer cases became increasingly difficult as COVID-19 cases skyrocketed. Data was collected by self-reporting surveys during two discrete periods: the principal survey accrued responses during 2\u00a0weeks at the peak of the global pandemic, and the supplemental survey accrued responses after that to detect changes in opinions and circumstances. Nine hypothetical surgical scenarios were used to query neurosurgeons' opinion on the risk of postponement and the urgency to re-schedule the procedures. An acuity index was generated for each scenario, and this was used to rank the nine cases. There were 494 respondents to the principal survey from 60 countries. 258 (52.5%) reported that all elective cases and clinics have been shut down by their main hospital. A total of 226 respondents (46.1%) reported that their operative volume had dropped more than 50%. For the countries most affected by COVID-19, this proportion was 54.7%. There was a high degree of agreement among our respondents that fast-evolving neuro-oncological cases are non-emergent cases that nonetheless have the highest risk in postponement, and selected vascular cases may have high acuity as well. We report on the impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgeons around the world. From their ranking of the nine case scenarios, we deduced a strategic scheme that can serve as a guideline to triage non-emergent neurosurgical procedures during the pandemic. With it, hopefully, neurosurgeons can continue to serve their patients without endangering them either neurologically or risking their exposure to the deadly virus."}, {"pmid": 32376043, "pmcid": "PMC7188644", "title": "Gynecological malignancies with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during the convalescence of outbreak.", "journal": "Gynecol Oncol", "authors": ["Chen, Yeshan", "Li, Guiling"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376043", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505846, "title": "The use of ibuprofen to treat fever in COVID-19: A possible indirect association with worse outcome?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Jamerson, Brenda D", "Haryadi, T Ho"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505846", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fever has been reported as a common symptom occurring in COVID-19 illness. Over the counter antipyretics such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen are often taken by individuals to reduce the discomfort of fever. Recently, the safety of ibuprofen in COVID-19 patients has been questioned due to anecdotal reports of worsening symptoms in previously healthy young adults. Studies show that ibuprofen demonstrates superior efficacy in fever reduction compared to acetaminophen. As fever may have benefit in shortening the duration of viral illness, it is plausible to hypothesize that the antipyretic efficacy of ibuprofen may be hindering the benefits of a fever response when taken during the early stages of COVID-19 illness."}, {"pmid": 32441652, "title": "Safety and role of chest CT in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Scialpi, Michele", "Piscioli, Irene", "Scalera, Giovanni Battista", "Piane, Ernesto"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441652", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298209, "title": "The Pandemic Exposes Clear Opportunities for Population Health in the United States.", "journal": "Popul Health Manag", "authors": ["Kaminski, Mitchell", "Skoufalos, Alexis"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298209", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452888, "pmcid": "PMC7255393", "title": "ICU and Ventilator Mortality Among Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Auld, Sara C", "Caridi-Scheible, Mark", "Blum, James M", "Robichaux, Chad", "Kraft, Colleen", "Jacob, Jesse T", "Jabaley, Craig S", "Carpenter, David", "Kaplow, Roberta", "Hernandez-Romieu, Alfonso C", "Adelman, Max W", "Martin, Greg S", "Coopersmith, Craig M", "Murphy, David J"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452888", "countries": ["United States", "Georgia"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine mortality rates among adults with critical illness from coronavirus disease 2019. Observational cohort study of patients admitted from March 6, 2020, to April 17, 2020. Six coronavirus disease 2019 designated ICUs at three hospitals within an academic health center network in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Adults greater than or equal to 18 years old with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 disease who were admitted to an ICU during the study period. None. Among 217 critically ill patients, mortality for those who required mechanical ventilation was 35.7% (59/165), with 4.8% of patients (8/165) still on the ventilator at the time of this report. Overall mortality to date in this critically ill cohort is 30.9% (67/217) and 60.4% (131/217) patients have survived to hospital discharge. Mortality was significantly associated with older age, lower body mass index, chronic renal disease, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, lower PaO2/FIO2 ratio, higher D-dimer, higher C-reactive protein, and receipt of mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, renal replacement therapy, or vasodilator therapy. Despite multiple reports of mortality rates exceeding 50% among critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019, particularly among those requiring mechanical ventilation, our early experience indicates that many patients survive their critical illness."}, {"pmid": 32492298, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention of Covid-19 - Searching for Evidence.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Cohen, Myron S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492298", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250324, "pmcid": "PMC7242824", "title": "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Parkinson's Disease: Hidden Sorrows and Emerging Opportunities.", "journal": "J Parkinsons Dis", "authors": ["Helmich, Rick C", "Bloem, Bastiaan R"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250324", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512569, "title": "COVID-19 Attacks the Kidney: Ultrastructural Evidence for the Presence of Virus in the Glomerular Epithelium.", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Abbate, Mauro", "Rottoli, Daniela", "Gianatti, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512569", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345550, "pmcid": "PMC7195425", "title": "Electroconvulsive Therapy During COVID-19-Times: Our Patients Cannot Wait.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Sienaert, Pascal", "Lambrichts, Simon", "Popleu, Leen", "Van Gerven, Elke", "Buggenhout, Satya", "Bouckaert, Filip"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345550", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330404, "title": "Can Transdermal Photobiomodulation Help Us at the Time of COVID-19?", "journal": "Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg", "authors": ["Dominguez, Angela", "Velasquez, Sergio Andres", "David, Mario Alejandro"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330404", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399950, "pmcid": "PMC7216127", "title": "Early Guillain-Barre syndrome in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a case report from an Italian COVID-hospital.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Ottaviani, Donatella", "Boso, Federica", "Tranquillini, Enzo", "Gapeni, Ilaria", "Pedrotti, Giovanni", "Cozzio, Susanna", "Guarrera, Giovanni M", "Giometto, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399950", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) is an acute polyradiculoneuropathy associated with dysimmune processes, often related to a previous infectious exposure. During Italian severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 outbreak, a woman presented with a rapidly progressive flaccid paralysis with unilateral facial neuropathy after a few days of mild respiratory symptoms. Coronavirus was detected by nasopharyngeal swab, but there was no evidence of its presence in her cerebrospinal fluid, which confirmed the typical albumin-cytological dissociation of GBS, along with consistent neurophysiological data. Despite immunoglobulin infusions and intensive supportive care, her clinical picture worsened simultaneously both from the respiratory and neurological point of view, as if reflecting different aspects of the same systemic inflammatory response. Similar early complications have already been observed in patients with para-infectious GBS related to Zika virus, but pathological mechanisms have yet to be established."}, {"pmid": 32418288, "title": "Steroid-Responsive Encephalitis in Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Ann Neurol", "authors": ["Pilotto, Andrea", "Odolini, Silvia", "Masciocchi, Stefano", "Comelli, Agnese", "Volonghi, Irene", "Gazzina, Stefano", "Nocivelli, Sara", "Pezzini, Alessandro", "Foca, Emanuele", "Caruso, Arnaldo", "Leonardi, Matilde", "Pasolini, Maria P", "Gasparotti, Roberto", "Castelli, Francesco", "Ashton, Nicholas J", "Blennow, Kaj", "Zetterberg, Henrik", "Padovani, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418288", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has the potential for targeting the central nervous system, and several neurological symptoms have been described in patients with severe respiratory distress. Here, we described the case of a 60-year-old patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection but only mild respiratory abnormalities who developed an akinetic mutism attributable to encephalitis. Magnetic resonance imaging was negative, whereas electroencephalography showed generalized theta slowing. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses during the acute stage were negative for SARS-CoV-2, positive for pleocytosis and hyperproteinorrachia, and showed increased interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 concentrations. Other infectious or autoimmune disorders were excluded. A progressive clinical improvement along with a reduction of cerebrospinal fluid parameters was observed after high-dose steroid treatment, thus arguing for an inflammatory-mediated brain involvement related to COVID-19. ANN NEUROL 2020."}, {"pmid": 32200994, "pmcid": "PMC7269901", "title": "High-flow nasal-oxygenation-assisted fibreoptic tracheal intubation in critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a prospective randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Wu, Cai-Neng", "Xia, Lin-Zhi", "Li, Kun-Hong", "Ma, Wu-Hua", "Yu, Dong-Nan", "Qu, Bo", "Li, Bi-Xi", "Cao, Ying"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200994", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380441, "pmcid": "PMC7195042", "title": "Psychological interventions during COVID-19: Challenges for low and middle income countries.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["De Sousa, Avinash", "Mohandas, E", "Javed, Afzal"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380441", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the start of 2020, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), originating from China has spread to the world. There have been increasing numbers of confirmed cases and deaths around the globe. The COVID-19 pandemic has paved the way for considerable psychological and psychosocial morbidity among the general public and health care providers. An array of guidelines has been put forward by multiple agencies for combating mental health challenges. This paper addresses some of the mental health challenges faced by low and middle income countries (LMIC). It is worthwhile to note that these are challenges at the current stage of the pandemic and may change with the course of the pandemic itself."}, {"pmid": 32363143, "pmcid": "PMC7194830", "title": "COVID-19: A case report from Bangladesh perspective.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Jahan, Yasmin", "Rahman, Sohel", "Rahman, Atiqur"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363143", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 34-year-old man without any significant medical history or comorbidities, suddenly developed fever, and shortness of breath, thereby admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. He had neither a history of traveling to Coronavirus disease (COVID) prone areas nor a direct contact of COVID positive patients. His chest X-ray revealed ground-glass opacity in the right middle and lower zone of the lung. The first polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test on throat and nasal swabs for the COVID upon admission was negative. Based on the chest X-ray result, RT-PCR was done again resulted positive. The patient was primarily treated with chloroquine and azithromycin. On full recovery, he was discharged from the hospital on day 12, after two subsequent throat swab samples tested negative by PCR (24 hours apart). He was encouraged to maintain home quarantine for at least the next 14 days. SARS-CoV-2 RNA by swab remained negative and the blood sample shows the presence of antibody (both IgM and IgG) in his follow-up visit (after 7 days of hospital discharge)."}, {"pmid": 32238078, "pmcid": "PMC7171389", "title": "In-silico approaches to detect inhibitors of the human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus envelope protein ion channel.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Gupta, Manoj Kumar", "Vemula, Sarojamma", "Donde, Ravindra", "Gouda, Gayatri", "Behera, Lambodar", "Vadde, Ramakrishna"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238078", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic around the world is associated with 'severe acute respiratory syndrome' (SARS-CoV2) in humans. SARS-CoV2 is an enveloped virus and E proteins present in them are reported to form ion channels, which is mainly associated with pathogenesis. Thus, there is always a quest to inhibit these ion channels, which in turn may help in controlling diseases caused by SARS-CoV2 in humans. Considering this, in the present study, authors employed computational approaches for studying the structure as well as function of the human 'SARS-CoV2 E' protein as well as its interaction with various phytochemicals. Result obtained revealed that \u03b1-helix and loops present in this protein experience random movement under optimal condition, which in turn modulate ion channel activity; thereby aiding the pathogenesis caused via SARS-CoV2 in human and other vertebrates. However, after binding with Belachinal, Macaflavanone E, and Vibsanol B, the random motion of the human 'SARS-CoV2 E' protein gets reduced, this, in turn, inhibits the function of the 'SARS-CoV2 E' protein. It is pertinent to note that two amino acids, namely VAL25 and PHE26, play a key role while interacting with these three phytochemicals. As these three phytochemicals, namely, Belachinal, Macaflavanone E & Vibsanol B, have passed the ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity) property as well as 'Lipinski's Rule of 5s', they may be utilized as drugs in controlling disease caused via SARS-COV2, after further investigation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32407257, "title": "Assessing the Value of Diagnostic Tests in the New World of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Sardanelli, Francesco", "Di Leo, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407257", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281766, "title": "Is there a role for tissue plasminogen activator as a novel treatment for refractory COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome?", "journal": "J Trauma Acute Care Surg", "authors": ["Moore, Hunter B", "Barrett, Christopher D", "Moore, Ernest E", "McIntyre, Robert C", "Moore, Peter K", "Talmor, Daniel S", "Moore, Frederick A", "Yaffe, Michael B"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281766", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472138, "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes in people living with HIV hospitalized for COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shalev, Noga", "Scherer, Matthew", "LaSota, Elijah D", "Antoniou, Pantelis", "Yin, Michael T", "Zucker, Jason", "Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472138", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the characteristics of 31 people living with HIV (PLWH) hospitalized for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. All patients were on antiretroviral therapy and virologically suppressed at the time of admission. Clinical course and outcomes were similar to those reported in other hospitalized cohorts."}, {"pmid": 32478552, "title": "COVID-19 and refugee and immigrant youth: A community-based mental health perspective.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Endale, Tarik", "St Jean, Nicole", "Birman, Dina"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478552", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this article, we comment on the experience of the Kovler Center Child Trauma Program (KCCTP) following the March 21, 2020, shelter at home order in Chicago due to COVID-19. The KCCTP is a program of Heartland Alliance International that was founded in 2018 to provide community-based mental health and social services to immigrant and refugee youth and families who have experienced trauma. COVID-19 temporarily closed the doors of the center, suspending provision of in-person services in the community, and the program was forced to become remote overnight. The KCCTP rapidly transitioned to providing accessible information, active outreach, extensive case management, and flexible delivery of teletherapy and online psychosocial support, finding that attending to structural barriers and basic needs was crucial to family engagement and therapeutic success. Ongoing challenges include technological proficiency and access to computers, Internet, and private spaces. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32387666, "pmcid": "PMC7204667", "title": "Reply to: \"A dermatologic manifestation of COVID-19: Transient livedo reticularis\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Thomas, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387666", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362921, "pmcid": "PMC7189261", "title": "Hypoxia in acute cardiac injury of coronavirus disease 2019: lesson learned from pathological studies.", "journal": "J Geriatr Cardiol", "authors": ["Nan, Jing", "Jin, Yu-Bo", "Myo, Yunjung", "Zhang, Ge"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362921", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352846, "title": "Thousands Of Lives Could Be Saved In The US During The COVID-19 Pandemic If States Exchanged Ventilators.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Adelman, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352846", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is thought that there are not enough mechanical ventilators in the U.S. for every patient who may need one during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, there is no analysis that measures the potential magnitude of the problem or proposes a solution. In this paper, I combine the pandemic forecasting model used by the federal government with estimates of ventilator availability from the literature to assess the expected shortage under various scenarios. I then propose that the federal government organize a national effort for ventilators to be exchanged between states to take advantage of the inter-temporal differences in demand peaks. I evaluate versions of this proposal, including use of the national stockpile, to estimate the number of lives that could be saved, and observe that it is potentially substantial. In the absence of other viable solutions, the government should begin this effort in earnest, and if not, preparations should be made for such coordination should the country face another pandemic in the future. [Editor's Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the peer-reviewed manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.]."}, {"pmid": 32443020, "pmcid": "PMC7273950", "title": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 and Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Global Experience and Provisional Guidance (March 2020) from the Paediatric IBD Porto Group of European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Turner, Dan", "Huang, Ying", "Martin-de-Carpi, Javier", "Aloi, Marina", "Focht, Gili", "Kang, Ben", "Zhou, Ying", "Sanchez, Cesar", "Kappelman, Michael D", "Uhlig, Holm H", "Pujol-Muncunill, Gemma", "Ledder, Oren", "Lionetti, Paolo", "Dias, Jorge Amil", "Ruemmele, Frank M", "Russell, Richard K"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443020", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, concerns have been raised about the risk to children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We aimed to collate global experience and provide provisional guidance for managing paediatric IBD (PIBD) in the era of COVID-19. An electronic reporting system of children with IBD infected with SARS-CoV-2 has been circulated among 102 PIBD centres affiliated with the Porto and Interest-group of ESPGHAN. A survey has been completed by major PIBD centres in China and South-Korea to explore management during the pandemic. A third survey collected current practice of PIBD treatment. Finally, guidance points for practice have been formulated and voted upon by 37 PIBD authors and Porto group members. Eight PIBD children had COVID-19 globally, all with mild infection without needing hospitalization despite treatment with immunomodulators and/or biologics. No cases have been reported in China and South Korea but biologic treatment has been delayed in 79 children, of whom 17 (22%) had exacerbation of their IBD. Among the Porto group members, face-to-face appointments were often replaced by remote consultations but almost all did not change current IBD treatment. Ten guidance points for clinicians caring for PIBD patients in epidemic areas have been endorsed with consensus rate of 92% to 100%. Preliminary data for PIBD patients during COVID-19 outbreak are reassuring. Standard IBD treatments including biologics should continue at present through the pandemic, especially in children who generally have more severe IBD course on one hand, and milder SARS-CoV-2 infection on the other."}, {"pmid": 32418559, "pmcid": "PMC7251289", "title": "Back-projection of COVID-19 diagnosis counts to assess infection incidence and control measures: analysis of Australian data.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Marschner, I C"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418559", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Back-projection is an epidemiological analysis method that was developed to estimate HIV incidence using surveillance data on AIDS diagnoses. It was used extensively during the 1990s for this purpose as well as in other epidemiological contexts. Surveillance data on COVID-19 diagnoses can be analysed by the method of back-projection using information about the probability distribution of the time between infection and diagnosis, which is primarily determined by the incubation period. This paper demonstrates the value of such analyses using daily diagnoses from Australia. It is shown how back-projection can be used to assess the pattern of COVID-19 infection incidence over time and to assess the impact of control measures by investigating their temporal association with changes in incidence patterns. For Australia, these analyses reveal that peak infection incidence coincided with the introduction of border closures and social distancing restrictions, while the introduction of subsequent social distancing measures coincided with a continuing decline in incidence to very low levels. These associations were not directly discernible from the daily diagnosis counts, which continued to increase after the first stage of control measures. It is estimated that a one week delay in peak incidence would have led to a fivefold increase in total infections. Furthermore, at the height of the outbreak, half to three-quarters of all infections remained undiagnosed. Automated data analytics of routinely collected surveillance data are a valuable monitoring tool for the COVID-19 pandemic and may be useful for calibrating transmission dynamics models."}, {"pmid": 32453517, "title": "More on Neurologic Features in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Helms, Julie", "Kremer, Stephane", "Meziani, Ferhat"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453517", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440022, "title": "Scientists baffled by decision to stop a pioneering coronavirus testing project.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440022", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459578, "title": "The effects of COVID-19 on the health and socio-economic security of sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya: Emerging intersections with HIV.", "journal": "Glob Public Health", "authors": ["Kimani, Joshua", "Adhiambo, Joyce", "Kasiba, Rosemary", "Mwangi, Peninah", "Were, Veronica", "Mathenge, John", "Macharia, Pascal", "Cholette, Francois", "Moore, Samantha", "Shaw, Souradet", "Becker, Marissa", "Musyoki, Helgar", "Bhattacharjee, Parinita", "Moses, Stephen", "Fowke, Keith R", "McKinnon, Lyle R", "Lorway, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459578", "countries": ["Kenya"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, and its attendant responses, has led to massive health, social, and economic challenges on a global scale. While, so far, having a relatively low burden of COVID-19 infection, it is the response in lower- and middle- income countries that has had particularly dire consequences for impoverished populations such as sex workers, many of whom rely on regular income in the informal economic sector to survive. This commentary captures the challenges in Kenya posed by daily curfews and lost economic income, coupled with further changes to sex work that increase potential exposure to infection, stigmatisation, violence, and various health concerns. It also highlights the ways in which communities and programmes have demonstrated resourcefulness in responding to this unprecedented disruption in order to emerge healthy when COVID-19, and the measures to contain it, subside."}, {"pmid": 32343152, "title": "ABO blood group predisposes to COVID-19 severity and cardiovascular diseases.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Dai, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343152", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437547, "title": "Outbreak Investigation of COVID-19 Among Residents and Staff of an Independent and Assisted Living Community for Older Adults in Seattle, Washington.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Roxby, Alison C", "Greninger, Alexander L", "Hatfield, Kelly M", "Lynch, John B", "Dellit, Timothy H", "James, Allison", "Taylor, Joanne", "Page, Libby C", "Kimball, Anne", "Arons, Melissa", "Munanga, Albert", "Stone, Nimalie", "Jernigan, John A", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Lewis, James", "Cohen, Seth A", "Jerome, Keith R", "Duchin, Jeffrey S", "Neme, Santiago"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437547", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused epidemic spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Seattle, Washington, metropolitan area, with morbidity and mortality concentrated among residents of skilled nursing facilities. The prevalence of COVID-19 among older adults in independent/assisted living is not understood. To conduct surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 and describe symptoms of COVID-19 among residents and staff of an independent/assisted living community. In March 2020, public health surveillance of staff and residents was conducted on site at an assisted and independent living residence for older adults in Seattle, Washington, after exposure to 2 residents who were hospitalized with COVID-19. Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a congregate setting implementing social isolation and infection prevention protocols. SARS-CoV-2 real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on nasopharyngeal swabs from residents and staff; a symptom questionnaire was completed assessing fever, cough, and other symptoms for the preceding 14 days. Residents were retested for SARS-CoV-2 7 days after initial screening. Testing was performed on 80 residents; 62 were women (77%), with mean age of 86 (range, 69-102) years. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 3 of 80 residents (3.8%); none felt ill, 1 male resident reported resolved cough and 1 loose stool during the preceding 14 days. Virus was also detected in 2 of 62 staff (3.2%); both were symptomatic. One week later, resident SARS-CoV-2 testing was repeated and 1 new infection detected (asymptomatic). All residents remained in isolation and were clinically stable 14 days after the second test. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic residents highlights challenges in protecting older adults living in congregate settings. In this study, symptom screening failed to identify residents with infections and all 4 residents with SARS-CoV-2 remained asymptomatic after 14 days. Although 1 asymptomatic infection was found on retesting, a widespread facility outbreak was avoided. Compared with skilled nursing settings, in assisted/independent living communities, early surveillance to identify asymptomatic persons among residents and staff, in combination with adherence to recommended preventive strategies, may reduce viral spread."}, {"pmid": 32305490, "pmcid": "PMC7162771", "title": "Risk factors associated with disease severity and length of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Xiaofan", "Zhou, Hong", "Zhou, Yilu", "Wu, Xiaojun", "Zhao, Yang", "Lu, Yang", "Tan, Weijun", "Yuan, Mingli", "Ding, Xuhong", "Zou, Jinjing", "Li, Ruiyun", "Liu, Hailing", "Ewing, Rob M", "Hu, Yi", "Nie, Hanxiang", "Wang, Yihua"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305490", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339157, "pmcid": "PMC7202533", "title": "ACE2 correlated with immune infiltration serves as a prognostic biomarker in endometrial carcinoma and renal papillary cell carcinoma: implication for COVID-19.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Yang, Jing", "Li, Hongxia", "Hu, Shengda", "Zhou, Yafeng"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339157", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a member of the renin-angiotension system, however, the correlation between ACE2 and prognosis in UCEC (Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma) and KIRP (Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma) is not clear. We analyzed the expression levels of ACE2 in the Oncomine and TIMER databases, the correlation between ACE2 and overall survival in the PrognoScan, GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases. The correlation between ACE2 and immune infiltration level and the type markers of immune cells was investigated in TIMER database. A prognosis analysis based on the expression levels of ACE2 was further performed in related immune cells subgroup. The ACE2 promoter methylation profile was tested in the UALCAN database. In addition, we used GSE30589 and GSE52920 databases to elucidate the changes of ACE2 expression in vivo and in vitro after SARS-CoV infection. ACE2 was elevated in UCEC and KIRP, and high ACE2 had a favorable prognosis. The expression of ACE2 was positively correlated with the level of immune infiltration of macrophage in KIRP, B cell, CD4+T cell, neutrophil and dendritic cell immune infiltration levels in UCEC. ACE2 was significantly positively correlated with the type markers of B cells and neutrophils, macrophages in UCEC, while ACE2 in KIRP was positively correlated with the type markers of macrophages. High ACE2 expression level had a favorable prognosis in different enriched immune cells subgroups in UCEC and KIRP. And the promoter methylation levels of ACE2 in UCEC and KIRP were significantly reduced. What's more, we found that the expression of ACE2 decreased in vivo and in vitro after SARS-CoV infection. In conclusion, ACE2 expression increased significantly in UCEC and KIRP, elevated ACE2 was positively correlated with immune infiltration and prognosis. Moreover, tumor tissues may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 patients with UCEC and KIRP, which may worsen the prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32439631, "title": "Social distancing for covid-19: is 2 metres far enough?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Schroter, Robert C"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439631", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397515, "pmcid": "PMC7246949", "title": "Analysis of Imported Cases of COVID-19 in Taiwan: A Nationwide Study.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Liu, Jui-Yao", "Chen, Tzeng-Ji", "Hwang, Shinn-Jang"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397515", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the early stages of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, containment of disease importation from epidemic areas was essential for outbreak control. This study is based on publicly accessible data on confirmed COVID-19 cases in Taiwan extracted from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control website. We analysed the characteristics, infection source, symptom presentation, and route of identification of the 321 imported cases that were identified from 21 January to 6 April 2020. They were mostly returned Taiwanese citizens who had travelled to one or more of 37 countries for tourism, business, work, or study. Half of these cases developed symptoms before arrival, most of the remainder developed symptoms 1-13 days (mean 4.0 days) after arrival, and 3.4% never developed symptoms. Three-quarters of the cases had respiratory symptoms, 44.9% had fever, 13.1% lost smell or taste, and 7.2% had diarrhoea. Body temperature and symptom screening at airports identified 32.7% of the cases. Of the remainder, 27.7% were identified during home quarantining, 16.2% were identified via contact tracing, and 23.4% were reported by hospitals. Under the strict enforcement of these measures, the incidence of locally acquired COVID-19 cases in Taiwan remains sporadic. In conclusion, proactive border control measures are effective for preventing community transmission of this disease."}, {"pmid": 32390247, "title": "Outnumbered yet needed: The Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["McLaughlin-Barrett, Sara"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390247", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317235, "pmcid": "PMC7102563", "title": "Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography guidance for use of cardiac computed tomography amidst the COVID-19 pandemic Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr", "authors": ["Choi, Andrew D", "Abbara, Suhny", "Branch, Kelley R", "Feuchtner, Gudrun M", "Ghoshhajra, Brian", "Nieman, Koen", "Pontone, Gianluca", "Villines, Todd C", "Williams, Michelle C", "Blankstein, Ron"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317235", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently suffering through a pandemic outbreak of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) currently advises medical facilities to \"reschedule non-urgent outpatient visits as necessary\". The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the United Kingdom National Health Service and several other international agencies covering Asia, North America and most regions of the world have recommended similar \"social distancing\" measures. The Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT) offers guidance for cardiac CT (CCT) practitioners to help implement these international recommendations in order to decrease the risk of COVID-19 transmission in their facilities while deciding on the timing of outpatient and inpatient CCT exams. This document also emphasizes SCCT's commitment to the health and well-being of CCT technologists, imagers, trainees, and research community, as well as the patients served by CCT."}, {"pmid": 32473921, "pmcid": "PMC7255985", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine for Covid-19 - When the pandemic runs faster than research.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Frigerio, Maria"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473921", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233972, "title": "Temporary Emergency Guidance to US Stroke Centers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: On Behalf of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council Leadership.", "journal": "Stroke", "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233972", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488953, "title": "A COVID-19 outbreak's lesson: best use of the pediatric emergency department.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Pata, Davide", "Gatto, Antonio", "Buonsenso, Danilo", "Chiaretti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488953", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After finding the first cases in Italy, the Government declared a state of emergency. In The Lancet, Stefano Spina and colleagues (1) reported the strategy of the Emergency Medical System (EMS) of the metropolitan area of Milan to contrast the recent COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. The EMS instituted a team that manages the patients and their flow to local hospitals. This response is critical, given the public health problem and the need to avoid the Emergency Department overcrowding."}, {"pmid": 32416321, "pmcid": "PMC7255326", "title": "Patients with diabetes are at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab", "authors": ["Targher, G", "Mantovani, A", "Wang, X-B", "Yan, H-D", "Sun, Q-F", "Pan, K-H", "Byrne, C D", "Zheng, K I", "Chen, Y-P", "Eslam, M", "George, J", "Zheng, M-H"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416321", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209382, "pmcid": "PMC7163185", "title": "The clinical characteristics of myocardial injury in severe and very severe patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhou, Bo", "She, Jianqing", "Wang, Yadan", "Ma, Xiancang"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209382", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495957, "title": "Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis mimicking COVID-19: a case report.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Hashizume, H", "Sano, Y", "Furukawa, S", "Imokawa, S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495957", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is currently spreading worldwide, causing the worst pandemic experienced this century. During the present outbreak, reports have been accumulating that various types of cutaneous manifestations were observed in COVID-19 patients. We read with interest the recent article by Amatore et al. describing a COVID-19 case who presented with a febrile rash consisting of annular, polycyclic, and circinate erythema, presumably specific to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32500168, "pmcid": "PMC7272208", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: increased choline uptake with 18F-choline PET/CT.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Olivari, Laura", "Riccardi, Niccolo", "Rodari, Paola", "Angheben, Andrea", "Artioli, Paolo", "Salgarello, Matteo"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500168", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201080, "pmcid": "PMC7102515", "title": "Spike protein recognition of mammalian ACE2 predicts the host range and an optimized ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun", "authors": ["Luan, Junwen", "Lu, Yue", "Jin, Xiaolu", "Zhang, Leiliang"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201080", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 causes the recent global COVID-19 public health emergency. ACE2 is the receptor for both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. To predict the potential host range of SARS-CoV-2, we analyzed the key residues of ACE2 for recognizing S protein. We found that most of the selected mammals including pets (dog and cat), pangolin and Circetidae mammals remained the most of key residues for association with S protein from SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The interaction interface between cat/dog/pangolin/Chinese hamster ACE2 and SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 S protein was simulated through homology modeling. We identified that N82 in ACE2 showed a closer contact with SARS-CoV-2 S protein than M82 in human ACE2. Our finding will provide important insights into the host range of SARS-CoV-2 and a new strategy to design an optimized ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32329083, "pmcid": "PMC7264679", "title": "COVID-19 transmission through host cell directed network of GPCR.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Singh, Yogendra", "Gupta, Gaurav", "Satija, Saurabh", "Pabreja, Kavita", "Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar", "Dua, Kamal"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329083", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243298, "pmcid": "PMC7172570", "title": "Lessons learned from first COVID-19 cases in the United States.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Landau, Ruth", "Bernstein, Kyra", "Mhyre, Jill"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243298", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32033513, "title": "[Interpretation of \"Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection by the National Health Commission (Trial Version 5)\"].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Lin, L", "Li, T S"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32033513", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China publish the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection (trial version 5) .With the awareness and understanding of the disease, the guidelines have been revised for recognize, treat, and prevent diseases. Then, what are the contents of the fifth edition of the guide issued updated compared to the fourth edition, now, learn together."}, {"pmid": 32345853, "pmcid": "PMC7202119", "title": "The ultrasound guided triage: a new tool for prehospital management of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Piliego, Chiara", "Strumia, Alessandro", "Stone, Michael Benjamin", "Pascarella, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345853", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472683, "title": "Detectable severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in human breast milk of a mildly symptomatic patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tam, Patrick C K", "Ly, Kathleen M", "Kernich, Max L", "Spurrier, Nicola", "Lawrence, Diana", "Gordon, David L", "Tucker, Emily C"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472683", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus and causative pathogen to the pandemic illness COVID-19. Although RNA has been detected in various clinical samples, no reports to date have documented SARS-CoV-2 in human milk. This case report describes an actively breastfeeding patient with COVID-19 infection with detectable viral RNA in human milk."}, {"pmid": 32175797, "pmcid": "PMC7103678", "title": "Can the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Affect the Eyes? A Review of Coronaviruses and Ocular Implications in Humans and Animals.", "journal": "Ocul Immunol Inflamm", "authors": ["Seah, Ivan", "Agrawal, Rupesh"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175797", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (CoV) epidemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from China. This virus causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since then, there have been anecdotal reports of ocular infection. The ocular implications of human CoV infections have not been widely studied. However, CoVs have been known to cause various ocular infections in animals. Clinical entities such as conjunctivitis, anterior uveitis, retinitis, and optic neuritis have been documented in feline and murine models. In this article, the current evidence suggesting possible human CoV infection of ocular tissue is reviewed. The review article will also highlight animal CoVs and their associated ocular infections. We hope that this article will serve as a start for further research into the ocular implications of human CoV infections."}, {"pmid": 32518345, "title": "Animals and coronavirus, help for African labs and a short flu season.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518345", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335002, "pmcid": "PMC7164844", "title": "COVID-19 Evaluation by Low-Dose High Resolution CT Scans Protocol.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Radpour, Alireza", "Bahrami-Motlagh, Hooman", "Taaghi, Mohammad Taghi", "Sedaghat, Abdolrasul", "Karimi, Mohammad Ali", "Hekmatnia, Ali", "Haghighatkhah, Hamid-Reza", "Sanei-Taheri, Morteza", "Arab-Ahmadi, Mehran", "Azhideh, Arash"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335002", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394565, "pmcid": "PMC7215065", "title": "The relevance of COVID-19 pandemic to psychiatry.", "journal": "World Psychiatry", "authors": ["Marazziti, Donatella", "Stahl, Stephen M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394565", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343598, "title": "Serological tests for COVID-19 antibodies: Limitations must be recognized.", "journal": "Ann Clin Biochem", "authors": ["Ismail, Adel Aa"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343598", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32228808, "title": "Policy Decisions and Use of Information Technology to Fight 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease, Taiwan.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lin, Cheryl", "Braund, Wendy E", "Auerbach, John", "Chou, Jih-Haw", "Teng, Ju-Hsiu", "Tu, Pikuei", "Mullen, Jewel"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228808", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Because of its proximity to and frequent travelers to and from China, Taiwan faces complex challenges in preventing 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). As soon as China reported the unidentified outbreak to the World Health Organization on December 31, 2019, Taiwan assembled a taskforce and began health checks onboard flights from Wuhan. Taiwan's rapid implementation of disease prevention measures helped detect and isolate the country's first COVID-19 case on January 20, 2020. Laboratories in Taiwan developed 4-hour test kits and isolated 2 strains of the coronavirus before February. Taiwan effectively delayed and contained community transmission by leveraging experience from the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak, prevalent public awareness, a robust public health network, support from healthcare industries, cross-departmental collaborations, and advanced information technology capacity. We analyze use of the National Health Insurance database and critical policy decisions made by Taiwan's government during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32489162, "title": "Comprehensive investigation of an in-hospital transmission cluster of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive physician among patients and healthcare workers in Germany.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wendt, Ralph", "Nagel, Stephan", "Nickel, Olaf", "Wolf, Johannes", "Kalbitz, Sven", "Kaiser, Thorsten", "Borte, Stephan", "Lubbert, Christoph"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489162", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359420, "pmcid": "PMC7252036", "title": "Nicaragua's response to COVID-19 - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Jarquin, Mateo C", "Prado, Andrea M", "Gallo Marin, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359420", "countries": ["Nicaragua"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444866, "pmcid": "PMC7244257", "title": "Management of patients with multiple myeloma in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: a consensus paper from the European Myeloma Network (EMN).", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Terpos, Evangelos", "Engelhardt, Monika", "Cook, Gordon", "Gay, Francesca", "Mateos, Maria-Victoria", "Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioannis", "van de Donk, Niels W C J", "Avet-Loiseau, Herve", "Hajek, Roman", "Vangsted, Annette Juul", "Ludwig, Heinz", "Zweegman, Sonja", "Moreau, Philippe", "Einsele, Hermann", "Boccadoro, Mario", "San Miguel, Jesus", "Dimopoulos, Meletios A", "Sonneveld, Pieter"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444866", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) seem to be at increased risk for more severe COVID-19 infection and associated complications due to their immunocompromised state, the older age and comorbidities. The European Myeloma Network has provided an expert consensus statement in order to guide therapeutic decisions in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient education for personal hygiene and social distancing measures, along with treatment individualization, telemedicine and continuous surveillance for early diagnosis of COVID-19 are essential. In countries or local communities where COVID-19 infection is widely spread, MM patients should have a PCR test of nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 before hospital admission, starting a new treatment line, cell apheresis or ASCT in order to avoid ward or community spread and infections. Oral agent-based regimens should be considered, especially for the elderly and frail patients with standard risk disease, whereas de-intensified regimens for dexamethasone, bortezomib, carfilzomib and daratumumab should be used based on patient risk and response. Treatment initiation should not be postponed for patients with end organ damage, myeloma emergencies and aggressive relapses. Autologous (and especially allogeneic) transplantation should be delayed and extended induction should be administered, especially in standard risk patients and those with adequate MM response to induction. Watchful waiting should be considered for standard risk relapsed patients with low tumor burden, and slow biochemical relapses. The conduction of clinical trials should continue with appropriate adaptations to the current circumstances. Patients with MM and symptomatic COVID-19 disease should interrupt anti-myeloma treatment until recovery. For patients with positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, but with no symptoms for COVID-19, a 14-day quarantine should be considered if myeloma-related events allow the delay of treatment. The need for surveillance for drug interactions due to polypharmacy is highlighted. The participation in international COVID-19 cancer registries is greatly encouraged."}, {"pmid": 32389514, "pmcid": "PMC7164869", "title": "International Mental Health perspectives on the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment", "authors": ["Ibanez-Vizoso, Jesus E", "Alberdi-Paramo, Inigo", "Diaz-Marsa, Marina"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389514", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284618, "pmcid": "PMC7100489", "title": "Digital technology and COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Ting, Daniel Shu Wei", "Carin, Lawrence", "Dzau, Victor", "Wong, Tien Y"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284618", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32112857, "pmcid": "PMC7128549", "title": "COVID-19: Zoonotic aspects.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ahmad, Tauseef", "Khan, Muhammad", "Haroon", "Musa, Taha Hussein", "Nasir, Saima", "Hui, Jin", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112857", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437180, "title": "Ethical considerations for psychologists in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am Psychol", "authors": ["Chenneville, Tiffany", "Schwartz-Mette, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437180", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Psychologists are in a position to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic through research, practice, education, and advocacy. However, concerns exist about the ethical implications associated with transitioning from face-to-face to online or virtual formats as necessitated by stay-at-home orders designed to enforce the social distancing required to flatten the curve of new COVID-19 cases. The purpose of this article is to review potential ethical issues and to provide guidance to psychologists for ethical conduct in the midst of the current crisis and its aftermath. In addition to contextualizing relevant ethical considerations according to the principles and standards of the current American Psychological Association's ethics code, vignettes are presented to exemplify the ethical dilemmas psychologists in various roles may face when responding to COVID-19 and to offer suggestions and resources for resolving potential conflicts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32432325, "title": "Return to work for healthcare workers with confirmed COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Zhang, Joyce C", "Findlater, Aidan", "Cram, Peter", "Adisesh, Anil"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432325", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387005, "pmcid": "PMC7252007", "title": "COVID-19 will severely impact older people's lives, and in many more ways than you think!", "journal": "Braz J Phys Ther", "authors": ["Pelicioni, Paulo H S", "Lord, Stephen R"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387005", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368995, "pmcid": "PMC7251250", "title": "Mental health and COVID-19: is the virus racist?", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kapilashrami, Anuj", "Bhui, Kamaldeep"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368995", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has changed our lives and it appears to be especially harmful for some groups more than others. Black and Asian ethnic minorities are at particular risk and have reported greater mortality and intensive care needs. Mental illnesses are more common among Black and ethnic minorities, as are crisis care pathways including compulsory admission. This editorial sets out what might underlie these two phenomena, explaining how societal structures and disadvantage generate and can escalate inequalities in crises."}, {"pmid": 32298055, "title": "[Replication and transmission mechanisms of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["He, Yeyan", "Zheng, Chanying"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298055", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The three known human highly pathogenic coronaviruses are severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Human highly pathogenic coronaviruses are composed of non-structural proteins, structural proteins and accessory proteins. Viral particles recognize host receptors via spike glycoprotein (S protein), enter host cells by membrane fusion, replicate in host cells through large replication-transcription complexes, and promote proliferation by interfering with and suppressing the host's immune response. Human highly pathogenic coronaviruses are hosted by humans and vertebrates. Viral particles are transmitted through droplets, contact and aerosols or likely through digestive tract, urine, eyes and other routes. This review discusses the mechanisms of proliferation and transmission of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses based on the results of existing research, providing basis for future study on interrupting the transmission and pathogenicity of human highly pathogenic coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32241811, "title": "Covid-19: doctors' visas are automatically extended for one year.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241811", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324929, "pmcid": "PMC7264745", "title": "Ophthalmic clinical skills teaching in the time of COVID-19: A crisis and opportunity.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Shih, Kendrick Co", "Chan, Jonathan Cheuk-Hung", "Chen, Julie Yun", "Lai, Jimmy Shiu-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324929", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317255, "title": "Covid-19: the precarious position of Spain's nursing homes.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317255", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395674, "pmcid": "PMC7211574", "title": "Endoscopic shield: barrier enclosure during the endoscopy to prevent aerosol droplets during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "VideoGIE", "authors": ["Sagami, Ryota", "Nishikiori, Hidefumi", "Sato, Takao", "Murakami, Kazunari"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395674", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512472, "title": "Ketogenic diet therapy provision in the COVID-19 pandemic: Dual-center experience and recommendations.", "journal": "Epilepsy Behav", "authors": ["Kossoff, Eric H", "Turner, Zahava", "Adams, Jamie", "Bessone, Stacey K", "Avallone, Jennifer", "McDonald, Tanya J W", "Diaz-Arias, Luisa", "Barron, Bobbie J", "Vizthum, Diane", "Cervenka, Mackenzie C"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512472", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus-19 pandemic has changed dramatically how neurologists care for children and adults with epilepsy. Stay-at-home orders and resistance to hospitalizations by patients have led epileptologists to engage in telemedicine and reevaluate how to provide elective services. Ketogenic diet therapy is often started in the hospital, with families educated in hospital-based classes, but this is difficult to do in this current pandemic. At our two academic centers, both our pediatric and adult epilepsy diet centers have had to quickly consider alternative methods to both start and maintain ketogenic diet therapy. This paper provides several examples of how ketogenic diet therapy can be provided to patients in unique ways, along with recommendations from other experts and patients, learned over the past few months."}, {"pmid": 32343511, "title": "How to manage rheumatic patients during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Panminerva Med", "authors": ["Parisi, Simone", "Ditto, Maria Chiara", "Finucci, Annacarla", "Fusaro, Enrico"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343511", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390473, "title": "Social Distancing and Incarceration: Policy and Management Strategies to Reduce COVID-19 Transmission and Promote Health Equity Through Decarceration.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Henry, Brandy F"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390473", "countries": ["Ireland", "Uganda", "United States", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Incarcerated people are at disproportionately high risk of contracting COVID-19. Prisons are epicenters for COVID-19 transmission, including to the community. High rates of preexisting health conditions, limited access to quality health care, and inability to social distance make it impossible to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in prisons. Due to a history of compounded social determinants, incarcerated populations are disproportionately composed of people of color and people with stigmatized behavioral health disorders. Rapid decarceration is needed to promote health equity. Historical mass decarceration events demonstrate feasibility to rapidly release large groups of people while maintaining public safety. Iran and Ireland have released substantial portions of their prison populations by transitioning people to home confinement. In the United States and Uganda, some jurisdictions have reduced new incarcerations through policies that decrease arrests. These policies must be globally expanded to contain the epidemic, and its potential health consequences, while addressing health equity."}, {"pmid": 32422280, "pmcid": "PMC7227557", "title": "Two important controversial risk factors in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Obesity and smoking.", "journal": "Environ Toxicol Pharmacol", "authors": ["Engin, Ayse Basak", "Engin, Evren Doruk", "Engin, Atilla"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422280", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effects of obesity and smoking in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remain controversial. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is the human cell receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. ACE2 expression increases on lung alveolar epithelial cells and adipose tissue due to obesity, smoking and air pollution. A significant relationship exists between air pollution and SARS-CoV-2 infection, as more severe COVID-19 symptoms occur in smokers; comorbid conditions due to obesity or excess ectopic fat accumulation as underlying risk factors for severe COVID-19 strongly encourage the virus/ACE2 receptor-ligand interaction concept. Indeed, obesity, air pollution and smoking associated risk factors share underlying pathophysiologies that are related to the Renin-Angiotensin-System in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this review is to emphasize the mechanism of receptor-ligand interaction and its impact on the enhanced risk of death due to SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32192295, "title": "[Several suggestions of operation for colorectal cancer under the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yu, G Y", "Lou, Z", "Zhang, W"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192295", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumonia caused by 2019-nCoV infection has been reported in Wuhan since December 2019, and spread rapidly across the country. The radical operation of colorectal cancer is semi-elective operation. Patients with colorectal cancer should receive operation as soon as possible after elective operation is resumed in each hospital. 2019-nCoV virus can be transmitted by asymptomatic infectors, and it has been confirmed to be transmitted by droplets and contact. However, fecal-oral transmission and aerosol transmission have not been excluded. Based on our experience with laparoscopic colorectal operation, we propose some surgery strategies for colorectal cancer patients under the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) situation: the screening process should be strictly carried out before surgery to reduce the risk of nosocomial infection in the later stage; laparoscopic-assisted surgery is recommended for radical surgery for patients with colorectal cancer; strict aerosol management must be made during the operation; natural orifice specimen extraction surgery and transanal total mesorectal excision are should be performed prudently; scientific and reasonable prophylactic stoma should be done; personnel protection in surgical ward and operation room must be strengthened."}, {"pmid": 32469683, "title": "Use of personal protective equipment while admixing antineoplastic drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic era: Questionnaire survey in Niigata, Japan.", "journal": "J Oncol Pharm Pract", "authors": ["Mitsuboshi, Satoru", "Yoshino, Masaki", "Hosokawa, Hiroki", "Isobe, Hirokazu", "Kobayashi, Kenichi"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469683", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377950, "pmcid": "PMC7202900", "title": "Are we forgetting non-COVID-19-related diseases during lockdown?", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Tartara, Fulvio", "Cofano, Fabio", "Zenga, Francesco", "Boeris, Davide", "Garbossa, Diego", "Cenzato, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32244365, "pmcid": "PMC7231098", "title": "A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Epidemiology Based on Current Evidence.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Park, Minah", "Cook, Alex R", "Lim, Jue Tao", "Sun, Yinxiaohe", "Dickens, Borame L"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244365", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread rapidly across the globe, we aimed to identify and summarize the existing evidence on epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the effectiveness of control measures to inform policymakers and leaders in formulating management guidelines, and to provide directions for future research. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature and preprints on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak following predefined eligibility criteria. Of 317 research articles generated from our initial search on PubMed and preprint archives on 21 February 2020, 41 met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Current evidence suggests that it takes about 3-7 days for the epidemic to double in size. Of 21 estimates for the basic reproduction number ranging from 1.9 to 6.5, 13 were between 2.0 and 3.0. The incubation period was estimated to be 4-6 days, whereas the serial interval was estimated to be 4-8 days. Though the true case fatality risk is yet unknown, current model-based estimates ranged from 0.3% to 1.4% for outside China. There is an urgent need for rigorous research focusing on the mitigation efforts to minimize the impact on society."}, {"pmid": 32349165, "pmcid": "PMC7267269", "title": "Should we stop aspirin prophylaxis in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19?", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Gavillet, M", "Rolnik, D L", "Hoffman, M K", "Panchaud, A", "Baud, D"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349165", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522010, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Canadian Radiology Residency Training Programs.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Odedra, Devang", "Chahal, Baljot S", "Patlas, Michael N"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522010", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has swept the globe, with a domino effect on medical education and training. In this study, we surveyed Canadian radiology residents to understand the impact of the pandemic on their residency training, strategies utilized by the residency programs in mitigating those impacts, and factors important to residents in the selection of educational resources on COVID-19. A 10-item questionnaire was distributed to 460 resident members of the Canadian Association of Radiologists. The survey was open for 2 weeks, with a reminder sent at half-way mark. We received 96 responses (response rate: 20.9%). The 4 highest affected domains of training were daytime case volumes (92.4%), daytime schedules (87.4%), internal and external assessments (86.5%), and vacation/travel (83.3%). Virtual teaching rounds (91.7%), change in schedules to allow staying home (78.1%), and virtual/phone readouts (72.9%) were the most utilized strategies by the Canadian radiology residency programs. Overall stress of exposure to the disease was moderate to low (86.5%). A minority of the residents were redeployed (6.2%), although most (68.8%) were on standby for redeployment. Residents preferred published society guidelines (92.3%), review papers (79.3%), video lectures (79.3%), and web tools (76.9%) for learning about COVID-19 imaging manifestations. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various domains of the Canadian radiology residency programs, which has been mitigated by several strategies employed by the training programs."}, {"pmid": 32292905, "pmcid": "PMC7104068", "title": "Maintenance Hemodialysis and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Saving Lives With Caution, Care, and Courage.", "journal": "Kidney Med", "authors": ["Wang, Huiming"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292905", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287805, "pmcid": "PMC7130578", "title": "Parallel problems.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287805", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our fight against climate change offers useful lessons for tackling the coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32485314, "title": "Persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk for cancer.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Alpalhao, Miguel", "Ferreira, Joao Augusto", "Filipe, Paulo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485314", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current SARS-CoV-2 has put significant strain on healthcare services worldwide due to acute COVID-19. However, the potential long-term effects of this infection haven't been extensively discussed. We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 may be able to cause persistent infection in some individuals, and should this be the case, that in a few years we may see a rise in cancer incidence due to carcinogenic effects of this coronavirus. Non-retroviral RNA viruses such as Coronaviridae have been shown to cause persistent infection in hosts. Empirical evidence of viral genomic material shedding weeks after apparent clinical and laboratorial resolution of COVID-19 may be an indirect proof for persistent viral infection. Furthermore, tropism towards certain immune-privileged territories may facilitate immune evasion by this virus. Structural homology with SARS-CoV-1 indicates that SARS-CoV-2 may be able to directly impair pRb and p53, which are key gatekeepers with tumor suppressor functions. Additionally, COVID-19 features preeminent inflammatory response with marked oxidative stress, which acts as both as initiator and promotor of carcinogenesis. Should there be a carcinogenic risk associated with SARS-CoV-2, the implications for public health are plenty, as infected patients should be closely watched during long periods of follow-up. Additional investigation to establish or exclude the possibility for persistent infection is paramount to identify and prevent possible complications in the future."}, {"pmid": 32292266, "pmcid": "PMC7152742", "title": "Preventing COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries.", "journal": "Drugs Ther Perspect", "authors": ["Khadka, Sitaram", "Hashmi, Furqan K", "Usman, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292266", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437749, "pmcid": "PMC7211585", "title": "Human Intestinal Defensin 5 Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Invasion by Cloaking ACE2.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Wang, Cheng", "Wang, Shaobo", "Li, Daixi", "Wei, Dong-Qing", "Zhao, Jinghong", "Wang, Junping"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437749", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430348, "title": "Comparative study of the clinical characteristics and epidemiological trend of 244 COVID-19 infected children with or without GI symptoms.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Xiong, Xiao-Li", "Wong, Kenneth Kak-Yuen", "Chi, Shui-Qing", "Zhou, Ai-Fen", "Tang, Jian-Qiao", "Zhou, Li-Shan", "Chung, Patrick Ho-Yu", "Chua, Gilbert", "Tung, Ketih", "Wong, Ian", "Chui, Celine", "Li, Xue", "Kwan, Mike Yat-Wah", "Wong, Wilfred Hing-Sang", "Ho, Marco Hok-Kung", "Chan, Godfrey Chi-Fung", "Cao, Guo-Qing", "Li, Kang", "Ip, Patrick", "Chen, Peng", "Tang, Shao-Tao", "Tam, Paul Kwong-Hang"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430348", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353474, "pmcid": "PMC7184998", "title": "Genotyping coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: methods and implications.", "journal": "Genomics", "authors": ["Yin, Changchuan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353474", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging global infectious COVID-19 disease by novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents critical threats to global public health and the economy since it was identified in late December 2019 in China. The virus has gone through various pathways of evolution. To understand the evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2, genotyping of virus isolates is of great importance. This study presents an accurate method for effectively genotyping SARS-CoV-2 viruses using complete genomes. The method employs the multiple sequence alignments of the genome isolates with the SARS-CoV-2 reference genome. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes are then measured by Jaccard distances to track the relationship of virus isolates. The genotyping analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the globe reveals that specific multiple mutations are the predominated mutation type during the current epidemic. The proposed method serves an effective tool for monitoring and tracking the epidemic of pathogenic viruses in their global and local genetic variations. The genotyping analysis shows that the genes encoding the S proteins and RNA polymerase, RNA primase, and nucleoprotein, undergo frequent mutations. These mutations are critical for vaccine development in disease control."}, {"pmid": 32504015, "title": "Will the pandemic permanently alter scientific publishing?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504015", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432652, "title": "Fellowship in the Time of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Time to Adapt.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Chau, Katherine H", "Nouri, Shayan Nabavi", "Madhavan, Mahesh V"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432652", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416768, "pmcid": "PMC7255144", "title": "Leveraging Africa's preparedness towards the next phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Senghore, Madikay", "Savi, Merveille K", "Gnangnon, Benedicte", "Hanage, William P", "Okeke, Iruka N"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416768", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432955, "title": "Is Biologic Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa During the COVID-19 Pandemic Different from Psoriasis Biologic Treatment?", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Rosi, Elia", "Pimpinelli, Nicola", "Prignano, Francesca"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432955", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395187, "pmcid": "PMC7213551", "title": "Glycaemic Control Among People with Type 1 Diabetes During Lockdown for the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "Diabetes Ther", "authors": ["Bonora, Benedetta Maria", "Boscari, Federico", "Avogaro, Angelo", "Bruttomesso, Daniela", "Fadini, Gian Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395187", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late February 2020, due to the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the Italian Government closed down all educational and sport activities. In March, it introduced further measures to stop the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), placing the country in a state of almost complete lockdown. We report the impact of these restrictions on glucose control among people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Data were collected on 33 individuals with T1D who were monitoring their glucose levels using a flash glucose monitoring device and remotely connected to the diabetes clinic on a cloud platform. We retrieved information on average glucose, standard deviation and percentage time in hypoglycaemia (<\u200970\u00a0mg/dl), glucose range (70-180\u00a0mg/dl) and hyperglycaemia (>\u2009180\u00a0mg/dl). We compared glycaemic measures collected during lockdown to those collected before the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and to the periods immediately before lockdown. In 20 patients who had stopped working and were at home as a result of the lockdown, overall glycaemic control improved during the first 7\u00a0days of the lockdown as compared to the weeks before the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Average glucose declined from 177\u2009\u00b1\u200945\u00a0mg/dl (week before lockdown) to 160\u2009\u00b1\u200940\u00a0mg/dl (lockdown; p\u2009=\u20090.005) and the standard deviation improved significantly. Time in range increased from 54.4 to 65.2% (p\u2009=\u20090.010), and time in hyperglycaemia decreased from 42.3 to 31.6% (p\u2009=\u20090.016). The number of scans per day remained unchanged. In 13 patients who continued working, none of the measures of glycaemic control changed during lockdown. Despite the limited possibility to exercise and the incumbent psychologic stress, glycaemic control improved in patients with T1D who stopped working during the lockdown, suggesting that slowing down routine daily activities can have beneficial effects on T1D management, at least in the short term."}, {"pmid": 32501600, "title": "Tracheostomy intervention in intubated COVID positive patients: A survey of current clinical practice among ENT surgeons.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["D'Souza, Ayman", "Simo, Ricard", "D'Souza, Alwyn", "Vaz, Francis", "Prior, Andrew", "Kanegaonkar, Rahul"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501600", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented need for critical care intervention. Prolonged intubation and mechanical ventilation has resulted in the need for tracheostomy in some patients. The purpose of this international survey was to assess optimal timing, technique and outcome for this intervention. An online survey was generated. Otorhinolaryngologists from both the United Kingdom and Abroad were polled with regards to their experience of tracheostomy in COVID-19 positive ventilated patients. The survey was completed by 50 respondents from 16 nations. The number of ventilated patients totalled 3403, on average 9.7% required a tracheostomy. This was on average performed on day 14 following intubation. The majority of patients were successfully weaned (mean 7.4\u2009days following tracheostomy). The results of this brief survey suggest that tracheostomy is of benefit in selected patients. There was insufficient data to suggest improved outcomes with either percutaneous vs an open surgical technique."}, {"pmid": 32248854, "pmcid": "PMC7137531", "title": "A potential protective role of losartan against coronavirus-induced lung damage.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Zeinalian, Mehrdad", "Salari-Jazi, Azhar", "Jannesari, Amin", "Khanahmad, Hossein"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248854", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390176, "pmcid": "PMC7261979", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on dermatology services: Dermatology in isolation.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Katerina, Damevska", "Lence, Neloska", "Viktor, Simeonovski", "Andrej, Petrov", "Irena, Dimitrovska", "Natasa, Teovska-Mitrevska", "Anita, Najdova", "Nora, Pollozhani"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390176", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470415, "pmcid": "PMC7250552", "title": "A call from the European Academy of Neurology on COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Neurol", "authors": ["Moro, Elena", "Deuschl, Gunther", "de Visser, Marianne", "Muresanu, Dafin", "Soffietti, Riccardo", "Marson, Anthony", "Vidailhet, Marie", "Vodusek, David B", "Bassetti, Claudio L A"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470415", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203680, "pmcid": "PMC7270582", "title": "COVID-19 and the liver: little cause for concern.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Bangash, Mansoor N", "Patel, Jaimin", "Parekh, Dhruv"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203680", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404496, "title": "COVID-19 and remote consulting strategies in managing trauma and orthopaedics.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Iyengar, Karthikeyan", "Vaish, Abhishek", "Toh, Eugene", "Vaishya, Raju"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404496", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246843, "title": "The use of high-flow nasal oxygen in COVID-19.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Lyons, C", "Callaghan, M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246843", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304276, "pmcid": "PMC7264805", "title": "The impact of coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) on oral health.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Dziedzic, Arkadiusz", "Wojtyczka, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304276", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health services across the world face an unprecedented situation as a result of a global COVID-19 outbreak. Urgent joined research efforts regarding the SARS-COV-2 rapid tests, accurate diagnosis, especially early recognition, and effective treatment of life-threatening complications would be highly desirable for humanity and medical workforce all over the world that try to combat a current global pandemic threat. Due to indirect complex effect, intensified COVID-19 therapies and multi-drug treatment, it is believed that some oral conditions could be aggravated by COVID-19 disease, particularly those with autoimmune aetiology, linked to compromised immune system or long-term pharmacotherapy."}, {"pmid": 32508395, "pmcid": "PMC7264666", "title": "Neighborhood Effects and Urban Inequalities: The Impact of Covid-19 on the Periphery of Salvador, Brazil.", "journal": "City Soc (Wash)", "authors": ["de Oliveira, Lucas Amaral", "de Aguiar Arantes, Rafael"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508395", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388324, "pmcid": "PMC7270738", "title": "Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Hussain, Akhtar", "do Vale Moreira, Nayla Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388324", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299970, "title": "In other Covid-19 news.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299970", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418240, "title": "Responding to Hospital System and Student Curricular Needs: COVID-19 Student Service Corps.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Edelman, David S", "Desai, Urmi A", "Soo-Hoo, Sarah", "Catallozzi, Marina"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418240", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Throughout March 2020, cases of COVID-19 grew exponentially, and New York emerged as an epicenter of the crisis. Social distancing, shortages of personal protective equipment, and clinical care needs necessitated that students be removed from the clinical setting. A group of students, faculty members, and administrators formed to identify ways in which students could be involved in supporting the health system."}, {"pmid": 32289116, "pmcid": "PMC7129544", "title": "COVID-19 and artificial intelligence: protecting health-care workers and curbing the spread.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["McCall, Becky"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289116", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519316, "title": "Management of the dead during COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia.", "journal": "Forensic Sci Med Pathol", "authors": ["Khoo, Lay See", "Hasmi, Ahmad Hafizam", "Ibrahim, Mohamad Azaini", "Mahmood, Mohd Shah"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519316", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of a novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans, is affecting all countries of the world and has become a global health concern. Since the virus was first identified in December 2019, the number of deaths have been propagating exponentially, causing countries across the world, including Malaysia, to increase emergency measures to combat the virus. Due to the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic does not discriminate its victims, it is of paramount importance to construct a plan for management of the dead for all suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases, including the unidentified deceased, as an essential portion of the humanitarian forensic action approach. This document provides an overview on ways to maximize the local collective capacity from various government agencies to manage the dead based on the prevailing regulations and legislation in the country, in preparation for possible large scale deaths from this pandemic. The National Institute of Forensic Medicine Malaysia has improvised procedures and guidelines for management of the dead within the existing regulations in order to achieve a balance between medicolegal requirements and the safety of personnel managing the bodies of the deceased with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection; at the site of death, during transport, during postmortem procedures, storage and preparation before and during burial or cremation as well as environmental cleaning and disinfection, involving various agencies in the country. A form of temporary controlled burial is as an option to allow the reinvestigation of a decedent to help formally identify victims of the pandemic such as undocumented migrants or refugees who were previously not identified. Due to the different legal requirements and mortality rates between countries, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to the management of the dead. Whenever possible, every opportunity and assistance must be given to families to mourn their loved ones, even in times of crisis or an outbreak, in order to sustain an appropriate level of dignity and respect."}, {"pmid": 32372726, "pmcid": "PMC7231659", "title": "One-house one-person testing: Strategical plan to limit COVID-19 spread in stage three in the developing world.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Ali, Sheikh Muhammad Ebad"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372726", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453355, "title": "Emerging Lessons From COVID-19 Response in New York City.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Chokshi, Dave A", "Katz, Mitchell H"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453355", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496574, "title": "Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic obstetric patients in Tokyo, Japan.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Ochiai, Daigo", "Kasuga, Yoshifumi", "Iida, Miho", "Ikenoue, Satoru", "Tanaka, Mamoru"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496574", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Asymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a major issue in healthcare settings, and management in perinatal wards requires particular caution. Located in central Tokyo as a tertiary center, Keio University Hospital implemented universal PCR testing on patients before admission starting April 6 2020, in response to a nosocomial outbreak of COVID-19. The present study reports a retrospective review of 52 obstetric patients universally tested for SARS-CoV-2 admitted to this hospital between April 6 and April 27, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32493706, "title": "Covid-19: UK deaths approach 50 000, but rate declines.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Griffin, Shaun"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493706", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460871, "pmcid": "PMC7254715", "title": "Diagnosis of COVID-19 in children: the story evolves.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Harwood, R", "Sinha, I"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460871", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441573, "title": "COVID-19 and the Future of Long-Term Care: The Urgency of Enhanced Federal Financing.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Feder, Judy"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441573", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The economic threat posed by responses to COVID 19 endangers financing for long-term care across the states that is already inadequate and inequitable. Increasing the federal share of Medicaid spending as unemployment rises would mitigate fiscal pressure on states and preserve public services. But unlike the demand for Medicaid's health care protections, which rises when economic activity declines, the demand for long-term care protections will grow even in a healthy economy as the population ages. Enhanced federal support is urgent not only to cope with the virus today but also to meet the long-term care needs of the nation's aging population in the years to come. Long-term care financing policy should be modified to either adjust federal matching funds by the age of each state's population, or fully federalize the funding of LTC expenses of Medicaid beneficiaries who are also eligible for Medicare."}, {"pmid": 32432439, "title": "What do patients say about telephone-based urological consultations at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Minerva Urol Nefrol", "authors": ["Cai, Tommaso", "Verze, Paolo", "Luciani, Lorenzo", "Malossini, Gianni", "Bjerklund Johansen, Truls E", "Benettollo, Pier Paolo", "Guarrera, Giovanni M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432439", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240973, "pmcid": "PMC7144575", "title": "Peer-to-Peer Contact Tracing: Development of a Privacy-Preserving Smartphone App.", "journal": "JMIR Mhealth Uhealth", "authors": ["Yasaka, Tyler M", "Lehrich, Brandon M", "Sahyouni, Ronald"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240973", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an urgent public health crisis, with epidemiologic models predicting severe consequences, including high death rates, if the virus is permitted to run its course without any intervention or response. Contact tracing using smartphone technology is a powerful tool that may be employed to limit disease transmission during an epidemic or pandemic; yet, contact tracing apps present significant privacy concerns regarding the collection of personal data such as location. The aim of this study is to develop an effective contact tracing smartphone app that respects user privacy by not collecting location information or other personal data. We propose the use of an anonymized graph of interpersonal interactions to conduct a novel form of contact tracing and have developed a proof-of-concept smartphone app that implements this approach. Additionally, we developed a computer simulation model that demonstrates the impact of our proposal on epidemic or pandemic outbreak trajectories across multiple rates of adoption. Our proof-of-concept smartphone app allows users to create \"checkpoints\" for contact tracing, check their risk level based on their past interactions, and anonymously self-report a positive status to their peer network. Our simulation results suggest that higher adoption rates of such an app may result in a better controlled epidemic or pandemic outbreak. Our proposed smartphone-based contact tracing method presents a novel solution that preserves privacy while demonstrating the potential to suppress an epidemic or pandemic outbreak. This app could potentially be applied to the current COVID-19 pandemic as well as other epidemics or pandemics in the future to achieve a middle ground between drastic isolation measures and unmitigated disease spread."}, {"pmid": 32479778, "pmcid": "PMC7256524", "title": "Managing a radiotherapy center safely and efficiently using risk-adaptive strategies during coronavirus disease pandemic: Experience from national cancer center of China.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Bi, Nan", "Yi, Junlin", "Dai, Jianrong", "Wang, Shulian", "Zhou, Zongmei", "Men, Kuo", "Jin, Jing", "Gao, Shugeng", "Li, Ye-Xiong", "He, Jie"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479778", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429774, "title": "Anti-coagulant and anti-platelet therapy in the COVID-19 patient: a best practices quality initiative across a large health system.", "journal": "Hosp Pract (1995)", "authors": ["Watson, Ryan A", "Johnson, Drew M", "Dharia, Robin N", "Merli, Geno J", "Doherty, John U"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429774", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has challenged health-care systems and physicians worldwide to attempt to provide the best care to their patients with an evolving understanding of this unique pathogen. This disease and its worldwide impact have sparked tremendous interest in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical consequences of COVID-19. This accumulating body of evidence has centered around case series and often empiric therapies as controlled trials are just getting underway. What is clear is that patients appear to be at higher risk for thrombotic disease states including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), venous thromboembolism (VTE) such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), or stroke. Patients with underlying cardiovascular disease are also at higher risk for morbidity and mortality if infected. These patients are commonly treated with anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet medications and less commonly thrombolysis during hospitalization, potentially with great benefit but the management of these medications can be difficult in potentially critically ill patients. In an effort to align practice patterns across a\u00a0large health system (Jefferson Health 2,622 staffed inpatient beds and 319 intensive care unit (ICU) beds across 14 facilities), a\u00a0task force was assembled to address the utilization of anti-thrombotic\u00a0and anti-platelet\u00a0therapy in COVID-19 positive or suspected patients. The task force incorporated experts in Cardiology, Vascular Medicine, Hematology, Vascular Surgery, Pharmacy, and Vascular Neurology. Current guidelines, consensus documents, and policy documents from specialty organizations were used to formulate health system recommendations. Our goal is to provide guidance to the utilization of antithrombotic and antiplatelet therapies in patients with known or suspected COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32414172, "title": "Decision Support Algorithm for Selecting an Antivirus Mask over COVID-19 Pandemic under Spherical Normal Fuzzy Environment.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yang, Zaoli", "Li, Xin", "Garg, Harish", "Qi, Meng"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414172", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the rapid outbreak of COVID-19, most people are facing antivirus mask shortages. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably select antivirus masks and optimize the use of them for everyone. However, the uncertainty of the effects of COVID-19 and limits of human cognition add to the difficulty for decision makers to perfectly realize the purpose. To maximize the utility of the antivirus mask, we proposed a decision support algorithm based on the novel concept of the spherical normal fuzzy (SpNoF) set. In it, firstly, we analyzed the new score and accuracy function, improved operational rules, and their properties. Then, in line with these operations, we developed the SpNoF Bonferroni mean operator and the weighted Bonferroni mean operator, some properties of which are also examined. Furthermore, we established a multi-criteria decision-making method, based on the proposed operators, with SpNoF information. Finally, a numerical example on antivirus mask selection over the COVID-19 pandemic was given to verify the practicability of the proposed method, which the sensitive and comparative analysis was based on and was conducted to demonstrate the availability and superiority of our method."}, {"pmid": 32462316, "pmcid": "PMC7252417", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection, male fertility and sperm cryopreservation: a position statement of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) (Societa Italiana di Andrologia e Medicina della Sessualita).", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Corona, G", "Baldi, E", "Isidori, A M", "Paoli, D", "Pallotti, F", "De Santis, L", "Francavilla, F", "La Vignera, S", "Selice, R", "Caponecchia, L", "Pivonello, R", "Ferlin, A", "Foresta, C", "Jannini, E A", "Lenzi, A", "Maggi, M", "Lombardo, F"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462316", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to coronavirus (CoV) 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised several concerns in reproductive medicine. The aim of this review is to summarize available evidence providing an official position statement of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) METHODS: A comprehensive Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline and Cochrane library search was performed. Due to the limited evidence and the lack of studies, it was not possible to formulate recommendations according to the Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence criteria. Several molecular characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 can justify the presence of virus within the testis and possible alterations of spermatogenesis and endocrine function. Orchitis has been reported as a possible complication of SARS-CoV infection, but similar findings have not been reported for SARS-CoV-2. Alternatively, the orchitis could be the result of a vasculitis as COVID-19 has been associated with abnormalities in coagulation and the segmental vascularization of the testis could account for an orchitis-like syndrome. Finally, available data do not support the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in plasma seminal fluid of infected subjects. Data derived from other SARS-CoV infections suggest that in patients recovered from COVID-19, especially for those in reproductive age, andrological consultation and evaluation of gonadal function including semen analysis should be suggested. Studies in larger cohorts of currently infected subjects are warranted to confirm (or exclude) the presence of risks for male gametes that are destined either for cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen or for assisted reproduction techniques."}, {"pmid": 32473502, "pmcid": "PMC7250755", "title": "Preparedness and disinfection of anesthetic equipment in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Duan, Na", "Gao, Wei", "Wang, Qiang"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473502", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296247, "pmcid": "PMC7158819", "title": "[Treatment of the COVID-19 pandemic: Preventing a missed opportunity].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Corral Gudino, L"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296247", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219367, "title": "A Framework for Rationing Ventilators and Critical Care Beds During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["White, Douglas B", "Lo, Bernard"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219367", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32088678, "title": "Fear of the novel coronavirus.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Kelvin, David J", "Rubino, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088678", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324720, "pmcid": "PMC7188411", "title": "Cleaning and Disinfectant Chemical Exposures and Temporal Associations with COVID-19 - National Poison Data System, United States, January 1, 2020-March 31, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Chang, Arthur", "Schnall, Amy H", "Law, Royal", "Bronstein, Alvin C", "Marraffa, Jeanna M", "Spiller, Henry A", "Hays, Hannah L", "Funk, Alexandra R", "Mercurio-Zappala, Maria", "Calello, Diane P", "Aleguas, Alfred", "Borys, Douglas J", "Boehmer, Tegan", "Svendsen, Erik"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324720", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 19, 2020, the state of Washington reported the first U.S. laboratory-confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 (1). As of April 19, a total of 720,630 COVID-19 cases and 37,202 associated deaths* had been reported to CDC from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and four U.S. territories (2). CDC recommends, with precautions, the proper cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surfaces to help mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (3). To assess whether there might be a possible association between COVID-19 cleaning recommendations from public health agencies and the media and the number of chemical exposures reported to the National Poison Data System (NPDS), CDC and the American Association of Poison Control Centers surveillance team compared the number of exposures reported for the period January-March 2020 with the number of reports during the same 3-month period in 2018 and 2019. Fifty-five poison centers in the United States provide free, 24-hour professional advice and medical management information regarding exposures to poisons, chemicals, drugs, and medications. Call data from poison centers are uploaded in near real-time to NPDS. During January-March 2020, poison centers received 45,550 exposure calls related to cleaners (28,158) and disinfectants (17,392), representing overall increases of 20.4% and 16.4% from January-March 2019 (37,822) and January-March 2018 (39,122), respectively. Although NPDS data do not provide information showing a definite link between exposures and COVID-19 cleaning efforts, there appears to be a clear temporal association with increased use of these products."}, {"pmid": 32102777, "title": "The 2019 novel coronavirus resource.", "journal": "Yi Chuan", "authors": ["Zhao, Wen-Ming", "Song, Shu-Hui", "Chen, Mei-Li", "Zou, Dong", "Ma, Li-Na", "Ma, Ying-Ke", "Li, Ru-Jiao", "Hao, Li-Li", "Li, Cui-Ping", "Tian, Dong-Mei", "Tang, Bi-Xia", "Wang, Yan-Qing", "Zhu, Jun-Wei", "Chen, Huan-Xin", "Zhang, Zhang", "Xue, Yong-Biao", "Bao, Yi-Ming"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32102777", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus infection in Wuhan, China since December 2019 has led to 31,516 infected persons and 638 deaths across 25 countries (till 16:00 on February 7, 2020). The virus causing this pneumonia was then named as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization. To promote the data sharing and make all relevant information of 2019-nCoV publicly available, we construct the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource (2019nCoVR, https://bigd.big.ac.cn/ncov). 2019nCoVR features comprehensive integration of genomic and proteomic sequences as well as their metadata information from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data, National Center for Biotechnology Information, China National GeneBank, National Microbiology Data Center and China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB)/National Genomics Data Center (NGDC). It also incorporates a wide range of relevant information including scientific literatures, news, and popular articles for science dissemination, and provides visualization functionalities for genome variation analysis results based on all collected 2019-nCoV strains. Moreover, by linking seamlessly with related databases in CNCB/NGDC, 2019nCoVR offers virus data submission and sharing services for raw sequence reads and assembled sequences. In this report, we provide comprehensive descriptions on data deposition, management, release and utility in 2019nCoVR, laying important foundations in aid of studies on virus classification and origin, genome variation and evolution, fast detection, drug development and pneumonia precision prevention and therapy."}, {"pmid": 32351631, "pmcid": "PMC7189357", "title": "The Need for Diabetes Care Customization in the ICU at the Time of SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak.", "journal": "Diabetes Ther", "authors": ["Gentile, Sandro", "Strollo, Felice", "Ceriello, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351631", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441424, "title": "Protecting medical staff from skin injury/disease caused by personal protective equipment during epidemic period of COVID-19: experience from China.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Long, H", "Zhao, H", "Chen, A", "Yao, Z", "Cheng, B", "Lu, Q"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441424", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467454, "title": "Covid-19 and Kawasaki Disease: An Etiology or Coincidental Infection?", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Raba, Ali Ahmed", "Abobaker, Anis"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467454", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369434, "title": "Acute Parotitis: A Possible Precocious Clinical Manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection?", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369434", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323646, "pmcid": "PMC7253100", "title": "Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention or Treatment of COVID-19 in Africa: Caution for Inappropriate Off-label Use in Healthcare Settings.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Abena, Pascale M", "Decloedt, Eric H", "Bottieau, Emmanuel", "Suleman, Fatima", "Adejumo, Prisca", "Sam-Agudu, Nadia A", "Muyembe TamFum, Jean-Jacques", "Seydi, Moussa", "Eholie, Serge P", "Mills, Edward J", "Kallay, Oscar", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Nachega, Jean B"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323646", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 pandemic has spread to Africa, where nearly all countries have reported laboratory-confirmed cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Although there are ongoing clinical trials of repurposed and investigational antiviral and immune-based therapies, there are as yet no scientifically proven, clinically effective pharmacological treatments for COVID-19. Among the repurposed drugs, the commonly used antimalarials chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have become the focus of global scientific, media, and political attention despite a lack of randomized clinical trials supporting their efficacy. Chloroquine has been used worldwide for about 75 years and is listed by the WHO as an essential medicine to treat malaria. Hydroxychloroquine is mainly used as a therapy for autoimmune diseases. However, the efficacy and safety of CQ/HCQ for the treatment of COVID-19 remains to be defined. Indiscriminate promotion and widespread use of CQ/HCQ have led to extensive shortages, self-treatment, and fatal overdoses. Shortages and increased market prices leave all countries vulnerable to substandard and falsified medical products, and safety issues are especially concerning for Africa because of its healthcare system limitations. Much needed in Africa is a cross-continental collaborative network for coordinated production, distribution, and post-marketing surveillance aligned to low-cost distribution of any approved COVID-19 drug; this would ideally be piggybacked on existing global aid efforts. Meanwhile, African countries should strongly consider implementing prescription monitoring schemes to ensure that any off-label CQ/HCQ use is appropriate and beneficial during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32219471, "pmcid": "PMC7100415", "title": "[Maternity protection-also during the corona crisis].", "journal": "Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed", "authors": ["Michels, Guido", "Ochmann, Uta", "Cranen, Rita"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219471", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pregnant employees should be protected, particularly in crisis situations. The Maternity Protection Act states that employees are not allowed to have contact with infectious people, including people with SARS-CoV-2 infections; no new regulation is required here."}, {"pmid": 32312734, "title": "Covid-19: Experts question guidance to reuse PPE.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312734", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380875, "title": "Staying connected during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Ng, Qin Xiang", "Chee, Kuan Tsee", "De Deyn, Michelle Lee Zhi Qing", "Chua, Zenn"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380875", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303786, "pmcid": "PMC7163172", "title": "PET imaging of COVID-19: the target and the number.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Guedj, E", "Verger, A", "Cammilleri, S"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303786", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311762, "pmcid": "PMC7264674", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: a new aetiology for atypical lymphocytes.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Gerard, Delphine", "Henry, Sylvain", "Thomas, Benoit"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311762", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469410, "pmcid": "PMC7260620", "title": "Venous Thrombosis Among Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Nahum, Julien", "Morichau-Beauchant, Tristan", "Daviaud, Fabrice", "Echegut, Perrine", "Fichet, Jerome", "Maillet, Jean-Michel", "Thierry, Stephane"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469410", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403032, "pmcid": "PMC7200336", "title": "Early thromboembolic events in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Rosen, Raphael J"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403032", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253318, "pmcid": "PMC7196837", "title": "Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Duan, Kai", "Liu, Bende", "Li, Cesheng", "Zhang, Huajun", "Yu, Ting", "Qu, Jieming", "Zhou, Min", "Chen, Li", "Meng, Shengli", "Hu, Yong", "Peng, Cheng", "Yuan, Mingchao", "Huang, Jinyan", "Wang, Zejun", "Yu, Jianhong", "Gao, Xiaoxiao", "Wang, Dan", "Yu, Xiaoqi", "Li, Li", "Zhang, Jiayou", "Wu, Xiao", "Li, Bei", "Xu, Yanping", "Chen, Wei", "Peng, Yan", "Hu, Yeqin", "Lin, Lianzhen", "Liu, Xuefei", "Huang, Shihe", "Zhou, Zhijun", "Zhang, Lianghao", "Wang, Yue", "Zhang, Zhi", "Deng, Kun", "Xia, Zhiwu", "Gong, Qin", "Zhang, Wei", "Zheng, Xiaobei", "Liu, Ying", "Yang, Huichuan", "Zhou, Dongbo", "Yu, Ding", "Hou, Jifeng", "Shi, Zhengli", "Chen, Saijuan", "Chen, Zhu", "Zhang, Xinxin", "Yang, Xiaoming"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253318", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, there are no approved specific antiviral agents for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, 10 severe patients confirmed by real-time viral RNA test were enrolled prospectively. One dose of 200 mL of convalescent plasma (CP) derived from recently recovered donors with the neutralizing antibody titers above 1:640 was transfused to the patients as an addition to maximal supportive care and antiviral agents. The primary endpoint was the safety of CP transfusion. The second endpoints were the improvement of clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters within 3 d after CP transfusion. The median time from onset of illness to CP transfusion was 16.5 d. After CP transfusion, the level of neutralizing antibody increased rapidly up to 1:640 in five cases, while that of the other four cases maintained at a high level (1:640). The clinical symptoms were significantly improved along with increase of oxyhemoglobin saturation within 3 d. Several parameters tended to improve as compared to pretransfusion, including increased lymphocyte counts (0.65 \u00d7 109/L vs. 0.76 \u00d7 109/L) and decreased C-reactive protein (55.98 mg/L vs. 18.13 mg/L). Radiological examinations showed varying degrees of absorption of lung lesions within 7 d. The viral load was undetectable after transfusion in seven patients who had previous viremia. No severe adverse effects were observed. This study showed CP therapy was well tolerated and could potentially improve the clinical outcomes through neutralizing viremia in severe COVID-19 cases. The optimal dose and time point, as well as the clinical benefit of CP therapy, needs further investigation in larger well-controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32308188, "pmcid": "PMC7200834", "title": "Nowruz travelers and the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Kaffashi, Amir", "Jahani, Frieda"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308188", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450166, "pmcid": "PMC7243810", "title": "Unravelling lead antiviral phytochemicals for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 M(pro) enzyme through in silico approach.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Gurung, Arun Bahadur", "Ali, Mohammad Ajmal", "Lee, Joongku", "Farah, Mohammad Abul", "Al-Anazi, Khalid Mashay"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450166", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) belonging to the genus Betacoronavirus has caused a pandemic known as COVID-19. Among coronaviruses, the main protease (Mpro) is an essential drug target which, along with papain-like proteases catalyzes the processing of polyproteins translated from viral RNA and recognizes specific cleavage sites. There are no human proteases with similar cleavage specificity and therefore, inhibitors are highly likely to be nontoxic. Therefore, targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro enzyme with small molecules can block viral replication. The present study is aimed at the identification of promising lead molecules for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro enzyme through virtual screening of antiviral compounds from plants. The binding affinity of selected small drug-like molecules to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, SARS-CoV Mpro and MERS-CoV Mpro were studied using molecular docking. Bonducellpin D was identified as the best lead molecule which shows higher binding affinity (-9.28\u00a0kcal/mol) as compared to the control (-8.24\u00a0kcal/mol). The molecular binding was stabilized through four hydrogen bonds with Glu166 and Thr190 as well as hydrophobic interactions via eight residues. The SARS-CoV-2 Mpro shows identities of 96.08% and 50.65% to that of SARS-CoV Mpro and MERS-CoV Mpro respectively at the sequence level. At the structural level, the root mean square deviation (RMSD) between SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and SARS-CoV Mpro was found to be 0.517\u00a0\u00c5 and 0.817\u00a0\u00c5 between SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and MERS-CoV Mpro. Bonducellpin D exhibited broad-spectrum inhibition potential against SARS-CoV Mpro and MERS-CoV Mpro and therefore is a promising drug candidate, which needs further validations through in vitro and in vivo studies."}, {"pmid": 32286538, "pmcid": "PMC7186926", "title": "Human antibodies can neutralize SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Catalan-Dibene, Jovani"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286538", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347519, "pmcid": "PMC7188004", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Intragastric Balloon Removal During the COVID-19 Pandemic: to Postpone or Not? That Is the Question.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Chiappetta, Sonja", "De Seta, Massimiliano", "Rice, Mark", "Bottino, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347519", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498413, "title": "Anti-Infectious Plants of The Thai Karen: A Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Antibiotics (Basel)", "authors": ["Phumthum, Methee", "Balslev, Henrik"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498413", "countries": ["Thailand", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pharmacology has developed many drugs to treat infections, but many people, especially in developing countries, cannot afford to purchase them, and still depend on traditional knowledge and local medicinal plants to fight off infections. In addition, numerous microbes have developed resistance to the pharmaceutical drugs developed to fight them, and for many, such as Covid-19, effective drugs remain to be found. Ethnomedicinal knowledge is useful, not only for local people as a source of medicine for primary health care, but also for new pharmacological discoveries. This study aimed to identify the plants that the Karen, the largest hill-tribe ethnic minority in northern and western Thailand, use for treatments of infectious diseases. We present a meta-analysis of data from 16 ethnobotanical studies of 25 Karen villages with the aim of understanding traditional knowledge and treatments and point to potential plants for further pharmacological development. The Karen used 127 plant species from 59 plant families to treat infections and infectious diseases. The Cultural Important Index (CI) showed that the Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Lauraceae, Apocynaceae, Menispermaceae, and Lamiaceae were the most commonly used families. As for species, Cleidion javanicum, Tinospora crispa, Litsea cubeba, Aesculus assamica, Tadehagi triquetrum, Senna alata, Tithonia diversifolia, Embelia sessiliflora, and Combretum indicum were the most commonly used in treatments of infectious diseases. We suggest that these plant species should be the first to be pharmacologically tested for possible development of medicines, and the remaining species registered should subsequently undergo testing."}, {"pmid": 32320003, "pmcid": "PMC7177629", "title": "Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Richardson, Safiya", "Hirsch, Jamie S", "Narasimhan, Mangala", "Crawford, James M", "McGinn, Thomas", "Davidson, Karina W", "Barnaby, Douglas P", "Becker, Lance B", "Chelico, John D", "Cohen, Stuart L", "Cookingham, Jennifer", "Coppa, Kevin", "Diefenbach, Michael A", "Dominello, Andrew J", "Duer-Hefele, Joan", "Falzon, Louise", "Gitlin, Jordan", "Hajizadeh, Negin", "Harvin, Tiffany G", "Hirschwerk, David A", "Kim, Eun Ji", "Kozel, Zachary M", "Marrast, Lyndonna M", "Mogavero, Jazmin N", "Osorio, Gabrielle A", "Qiu, Michael", "Zanos, Theodoros P"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320003", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is limited information describing the presenting characteristics and outcomes of US patients requiring hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a US health care system. Case series of patients with COVID-19 admitted to 12 hospitals in New York City, Long Island, and Westchester County, New York, within the Northwell Health system. The study included all sequentially hospitalized patients between March 1, 2020, and April 4, 2020, inclusive of these dates. Confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by positive result on polymerase chain reaction testing of a nasopharyngeal sample among patients requiring admission. Clinical outcomes during hospitalization, such as invasive mechanical ventilation, kidney replacement therapy, and death. Demographics, baseline comorbidities, presenting vital signs, and test results were also collected. A total of 5700 patients were included (median age, 63 years [interquartile range {IQR}, 52-75; range, 0-107 years]; 39.7% female). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (3026; 56.6%), obesity (1737; 41.7%), and diabetes (1808; 33.8%). At triage, 30.7% of patients were febrile, 17.3% had a respiratory rate greater than 24 breaths/minute, and 27.8% received supplemental oxygen. The rate of respiratory virus co-infection was 2.1%. Outcomes were assessed for 2634 patients who were discharged or had died at the study end point. During hospitalization, 373 patients (14.2%) (median age, 68 years [IQR, 56-78]; 33.5% female) were treated in the intensive care unit care, 320 (12.2%) received invasive mechanical ventilation, 81 (3.2%) were treated with kidney replacement therapy, and 553 (21%) died. Mortality for those requiring mechanical ventilation was 88.1%. The median postdischarge follow-up time was 4.4 days (IQR, 2.2-9.3). A total of 45 patients (2.2%) were readmitted during the study period. The median time to readmission was 3 days (IQR, 1.0-4.5) for readmitted patients. Among the 3066 patients who remained hospitalized at the final study follow-up date (median age, 65 years [IQR, 54-75]), the median follow-up at time of censoring was 4.5 days (IQR, 2.4-8.1). This case series provides characteristics and early outcomes of sequentially hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the New York City area."}, {"pmid": 32354666, "pmcid": "PMC7180362", "title": "Use of drugs with potential cardiac effect in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Arch Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Sacher, Frederic", "Fauchier, Laurent", "Boveda, Serge", "de Chillou, Christian", "Defaye, Pascal", "Deharo, Jean Claude", "Gandjbakhch, Estelle", "Probst, Vincent", "Cohen, Ariel", "Leclercq, Christophe"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354666", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321324, "pmcid": "PMC7196921", "title": "A deadly spillover: SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "Expert Opin Ther Pat", "authors": ["Mori, Mattia", "Capasso, Clemente", "Carta, Fabrizio", "Donald, William A", "Supuran, Claudiu T"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321324", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533829, "title": "Maintaining comprehensive pharmacy services during a pandemic: recommendations from a designated COVID-19 facility.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Sin, Jonathan H", "Richards, I Ian", "Ribisi, Maria S"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533829", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32389697, "pmcid": "PMC7204750", "title": "Plasmapheresis treatment in COVID-19-related autoimmune meningoencephalitis: Case series.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Dogan, Lerzan", "Kaya, Dilaver", "Sarikaya, Tugce", "Zengin, Rehile", "Dincer, Alp", "Akinci, Ibrahim Ozkan", "Afsar, Nazire"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389697", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection has the potential for a high mortality rate. In this paper, we report the results of plasmapheresis treatment in a series of severely ill patients with COVID-19-related autoimmune meningoencephalitis in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)."}, {"pmid": 32238896, "title": "My lab is closed to me because of the coronavirus. Here's how I'm planning to stay productive.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Su, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238896", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493466, "pmcid": "PMC7268586", "title": "Real-time monitoring the transmission potential of COVID-19 in Singapore, March 2020.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Tariq, Amna", "Lee, Yiseul", "Roosa, Kimberlyn", "Blumberg, Seth", "Yan, Ping", "Ma, Stefan", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493466", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 31, 2020, the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic that started in China in December 2019 is now generating local transmission around the world. The geographic heterogeneity and associated intervention strategies highlight the need to monitor in real time the transmission potential of COVID-19. Singapore provides a unique case example for monitoring transmission, as there have been multiple disease clusters, yet transmission remains relatively continued. Here we estimate the effective reproduction number, Rt, of COVID-19 in Singapore from the publicly available daily case series of imported and autochthonous cases by date of symptoms onset, after adjusting the local cases for reporting delays as of March 17, 2020. We also derive the reproduction number from the distribution of cluster sizes using a branching process analysis that accounts for truncation of case counts. The local incidence curve displays sub-exponential growth dynamics, with the reproduction number following a declining trend and reaching an estimate at 0.7 (95% CI 0.3, 1.0) during the first transmission wave by February 14, 2020, while the overall R based on the cluster size distribution as of March 17, 2020, was estimated at 0.6 (95% CI 0.4, 1.02). The overall mean reporting delay was estimated at 6.4\u2009days (95% CI 5.8, 6.9), but it was shorter among imported cases compared to local cases (mean 4.3 vs. 7.6\u2009days, Wilcoxon test, p\u2009<\u20090.001). The trajectory of the reproduction number in Singapore underscores the significant effects of successful containment efforts in Singapore, but it also suggests the need to sustain social distancing and active case finding efforts to stomp out all active chains of transmission."}, {"pmid": 32439706, "title": "Reply to Sanchez-Pacheco et al., Chookajorn, and Mavian et al.: Explaining phylogenetic network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Forster, Peter", "Forster, Lucy", "Renfrew, Colin", "Forster, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439706", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460041, "pmcid": "PMC7241381", "title": "Teleneurology during the COVID-19 pandemic: A step forward in modernizing medical care.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Roy, Bhaskar", "Nowak, Richard J", "Roda, Ricardo", "Khokhar, Babar", "Patwa, Huned S", "Lloyd, Thomas", "Rutkove, Seward B"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460041", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic mandated rapid transition from face-to-face encounters to teleneurology visits. While teleneurology is regularly used in acute stroke care, its application in other branches of neurology was limited. Here we review how the recent pandemic has created a paradigm shift in caring for patients with chronic neurological disorders and how academic institutions have responded to the present need. Literature review was performed to examine the recent changes in health policies. Number of outpatient visits and televisits in the Department of Neurology was reviewed from Yale University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine to examine the road to transition to televisit. The federal government and the insurance providers extended their supports during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several rules and regulations regarding teleneurology were revised and relaxed to address the current need. New technologies for video conferencing were incorporated. The transition to televisits went smoothly in both the institutions and number of face-to-face encounters decreased dramatically along with a rapid rise in televisits within 2\u00a0weeks of the declaration of national emergency. The need for \"social distancing\" during the COVID-19 pandemic has created a major surge in the number of teleneurology visits, which will probably continue for the next few months. It may have initiated a more permanent transition to virtual technology incorporated medical care."}, {"pmid": 32487518, "title": "Towards a socially just model: balancing hunger and response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Rashid, Sabina Faiz", "Theobald, Sally", "Ozano, Kim"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487518", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506683, "title": "D-dimer triage for COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Li, Chenghong", "Hu, Bingzhu", "Zhang, Zhu", "Qin, Wei", "Zhu, Ziyang", "Zhai, Zhenguo", "Davidson, Bruce L", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506683", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coagulopathy and elevated D-dimer levels were recognized as prognostic factors early in Wuhan, China as accompanying more severe COVID-19 patient cases. We sought to determine the accuracy of normal vs elevated D-dimer blood levels at presentation, day 1, and on day 3 for predicting 28-day survival in a large cohort of consecutive PCR-proven COVID-19 patients, to help with patient triage, reassurance, and follow-up management."}, {"pmid": 32034637, "pmcid": "PMC7091133", "title": "Clinical Features and Treatment of 2019-nCov Pneumonia Patients in Wuhan: Report of A Couple Cases.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Zhang, Zhan", "Li, Xiaochen", "Zhang, Wei", "Shi, Zheng-Li", "Zheng, Zhishui", "Wang, Tao"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32034637", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382143, "pmcid": "PMC7205025", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on basic science research in ophthalmology: the experience of a highly specialized research facility in France.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Nassisi, Marco", "Audo, Isabelle", "Zeitz, Christina", "Varin, Juliette", "Wohlschlegel, Juliette", "Smirnov, Vasily", "Santiard-Baron, Dominique", "Picaud, Serge", "Sahel, Jose-Alain"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382143", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425659, "pmcid": "PMC7227581", "title": "Investigating the genomic landscape of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) to identify non-synonymous mutations for use in diagnosis and drug design.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Tiwari, Manish", "Mishra, Divya"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425659", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus has wrecked medical and health care facilities claiming \u223c5% death tollsglobally. All efforts to contain the pathogenesis either using inhibitory drugs or vaccines largelyremained futile due to a lack of better understanding of the genomic feature of this virus. In thepresent study, we compared the 2019-nCoV with other coronaviruses, which indicated that batSARS like coronavirus could be a probable ancestor of the novel coronavirus. The proteinsequence similarity of pangolin-hCoV and bat-hCoV with human coronavirus was higher ascompared to their nucleotide similarity denoting the occurrence of more synonymous mutationsin the genome. Phylogenetic and alignment analysis of 591 novel coronaviruses of differentclades from Group I to Group V revealed several mutations and concomitant amino acidchanges. Detailed investigation on nucleotide substitution unfolded 100 substitutions in thecoding region of which 43 were synonymous and 57 were of non-synonymous type. The nonsynonymous substitutions resulting into 57 amino acid changes were found to be distributed overdifferent hCoV proteins with maximum on spike protein. An important di-amino acid change RGto KR was observed in ORF9 protein. Additionally, several interesting features of the novelcoronavirus genome have been highlighted in respect to various other human infecting viruseswhich may explain extreme pathogenicity, infectivity and simultaneously the reason behindfailure of the antiviral therapies. SUMMARY: This study presents a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV2 isolates to understand discrete mutations that are occurring between patient samples. The analysis unravel various amino acid mutations in the viral proteins which may provide an explanation for varying treatment efficacies of different inhibitory drugs and a future direction towards a combinatorial treatment therapies based on the kind of mutation in the viral genome."}, {"pmid": 32421546, "pmcid": "PMC7167578", "title": "Correlation analysis of the severity and clinical prognosis of 32 cases of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Ding, Ming", "Zhang, Qiang", "Li, Qing", "Wu, Ting", "Huang, Ying-Zi"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421546", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306751, "title": "Novel 2019 coronavirus: Genome structure, clinical trials, and outstanding questions.", "journal": "Exp Biol Med (Maywood)", "authors": ["Jogalekar, Manasi P", "Veerabathini, Anurag", "Gangadaran, Prakash"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306751", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early availability of the sequence, the genetic material of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), has prompted efforts towards identifying a safe and effective vaccine in the current public health emergency. To that end, understanding the pathophysiology of disease is crucial for scientists around the world. Since conventional vaccine development and manufacturing may take several years, it is important to think about alternative strategies that we could use to mitigate imminent catastrophe. We hope that this article will open up new avenues and provide insights that could potentially save hundreds of lives affected by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32410245, "pmcid": "PMC7272974", "title": "The clinical characteristic of eight patients of COVID-19 with positive RT-PCR test after discharge.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cao, Hong", "Ruan, Lei", "Liu, Jian", "Liao, Wenhui"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410245", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The phenomenon of positive real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result of SARS-CoV-2 in recovered patients had occurred and the research about these patients was rare. In our study, we did a retrospective review of medical records from COVID-19 patients admitted to one ward of Tongji Hospital of Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology from 10 February to 13 April 2020. From 10 February to 13 April 2020, there were 108 patients of COVID-19 admitted in the one ward of Tongji Hospital. Among them, eight cases were readmission patients because the RT-PCR result of SARS-CoV-2 was positive again after discharge. On the second admission, they had no symptoms and their chest computed tomography was almost normal. Data from laboratory tests of the readmission patients showed that all eight patients had normal white blood cell count, lymphocyte count. The inflammatory factors like procalcitonin and interleukin 6 were normal. After treatment, two patients met the standard and were discharged. The other six patients were still in the hospital because their RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 did not get three consecutive negative results and the course of two patients had persisted more than 90 days. We still needed to be alert that these patients could infect other people as a source of infection, and we also needed to be alert that these patients become chronic virus carriers. It also aroused our concern about the discharge standard of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32478542, "title": "Deafness and mental health: Clinical challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Recio-Barbero, Maria", "Saenz-Herrero, Margarita", "Segarra, Rafael"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478542", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current health crisis scenario has exposed the negative impact on mental health. This commentary highlights the main challenges and barriers that the Deaf community faces in access to health care resources and psychological support during the COVID-19 pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32406739, "title": "Examining the impact of COVID-19 on stress and coping strategies in individuals with disabilities and chronic conditions.", "journal": "Rehabil Psychol", "authors": ["Umucu, Emre", "Lee, Beatrice"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406739", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to describe the perceived stress levels and coping mechanisms related to COVID-19, and whether coping is related to well-being in people with self-reported chronic conditions and disabilities. Research Method/Design: A cross-sectional survey design was implemented. The total number of participants were 269 individuals with self-reported disabilities and chronic conditions (Mage = 39.37, SDage = 12.18). We examined the relationship between perceived stress and coping strategies related to COVID-19, and which COVID-19 coping strategies were associated with well-being after controlling for demographic and psychological characteristics. Correlation analyses demonstrated that perceived stress related to COVID-19 was positively associated with coping strategies including self-distraction, denial, substance use, behavioral disengagement, venting, planning, religion, and self-blame. Further, hierarchical regression results demonstrated that active coping, denial, use of emotional support, humor, religion, and self-blame were associated with participants' well-being after controlling for demographic and psychological characteristics. This exploratory study findings suggest that measuring and quantifying COVID-19 related stress and coping strategies in individuals with chronic conditions and disabilities can help clinicians and researchers understand potential effects of COVID-19 among people with chronic conditions and disabilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32282789, "pmcid": "PMC7174894", "title": "Public Health Interventions to Mitigate Early Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Pinkas, Jaroslaw", "Jankowski, Mateusz", "Szumowski, Lukasz", "Lusawa, Aleksandra", "Zgliczynski, Wojciech S", "Raciborski, Filip", "Wierzba, Waldemar", "Gujski, Mariusz"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282789", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed (1) to present public health interventions to mitigate the early spread of SARS-CoV-2 implemented in Poland between January 9 and March 29, 2020, and (2) to analyze the potential impact of these regulations on the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in Poland. All legal regulations published in the Journal of Laws between January 9 and March 29, 2020, were analyzed. Out of 406 legal regulations identified, 56 were related to the COVID-19 outbreak. Moreover, the official announcements published on the governmental websites dedicated to the coronavirus and health issues were analyzed. On March 4, Poland reported the first laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case. On March 9, Poland introduced border sanitary control. Six days after the first laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case, all mass events in Poland were banned. All schools and universities were closed 8 days after the first COVID-19 case. All gastronomic facilities and sport and entertainment services were limited starting on March 14. Eleven days after the first COVID-19 case, controls at all Polish borders were introduced, and a ban on entry into Poland by foreigners (with some exemptions) was implemented. Starting on March 15, all citizens returning from abroad had to undergo compulsory 14 days self-quarantine. On March 20, a state of epidemic was announced, which resulted in new social distancing measures starting on March 25. In Poland, compared to other European countries, far-reaching solutions were implemented relatively early to reduce the spread of infection."}, {"pmid": 32394693, "title": "Safety of antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs prolonging QT interval in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: an opinion of the Heart Rhythm Section of the Polish Cardiac Society.", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Biernacka, Elzbieta K", "Kosior, Dariusz A", "Zienciuk-Krajka, Agnieszka", "Miszczak-Knecht, Maria", "Kempa, Maciej", "Przybylski, Andrzej"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394693", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348818, "pmcid": "PMC7195137", "title": "Risks of hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 prophylaxis.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Sachdeva, Muskaan", "Shah, Monica", "Ziv, Michael", "Leshem, Eyal", "Dodiuk-Gad, Roni P"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348818", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292913, "pmcid": "PMC7144332", "title": "On being human in the face of a pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Cancer", "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292913", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps through the world, we must reassess the principles that guide our individual and collective responses and the way we operate in society. In the face of crisis, we must lead with science and humanity."}, {"pmid": 32411770, "pmcid": "PMC7214894", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 60 discharged cases of 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Taizhou, China.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Jiang, Yongpo", "He, Susu", "Zhang, Chao", "Wang, Xiaodan", "Chen, Xi", "Jin, Yingying", "He, Zebao", "Cai, Minjie", "Lin, Zongmei", "Ying, Lingjun", "Mou, Jianli", "Zhao, Haihong", "Lin, Ronghai", "Zhang, Sheng", "Wu, Xiaomai", "Chen, Haixiao", "Lv, Dongqing"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411770", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of patients with pneumonia stemming from the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has increased rapidly. However, the clinical characteristics of discharged patients remain little known. Here, we attempt to describe the clinical characteristics and treatment experiences of discharged cases from Taizhou, China. A total of 60 patients with COVID-19-infected pneumonia who were discharged from Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), from January 31, 2020, to February 16, 2020, were included in the analysis. The discharge criteria were based on the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Prevention and Control Program (Fifth Edition, China). Of the 60 patients, the median age was 41 years, and 58.3% were male. Only 13.3% of patients were identified as having severe novel coronavirus pneumonia. All patients received combined antiviral treatment on admission, including \u03b2-interferon, lopinavir/tonavir, Abidol and oseltamivir. All patients with severe conditions received gamma globulin and hormone therapy. No patients had endotracheal intubation or died. The median duration from symptom onset to hospitalization was 3 (range, 0-15) days. The median duration of COVID-19 shedding was 14 (range, 5-26) days, and the median duration of hospital stay was 15 (range, 7-23) days. Early therapy and comprehensive therapy are key to the outcome for patients with COVID-19-infected pneumonia, especially for those with severe pneumonia. ChiCTR2000029866."}, {"pmid": 32343458, "pmcid": "PMC7267295", "title": "Optimizing your telemedicine visit during the COVID-19 pandemic: Practice guidelines for patients with head and neck cancer.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Prasad, Aman", "Brewster, Ryan", "Newman, Jason G", "Rajasekaran, Karthik"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343458", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic has resulted in many hospitals and practices to cancel in-person outpatient clinic visits, where head and neck patients receive their critical longitudinal care. Out of necessity, most practices have been encouraged to use telemedicine as a method to maintain a continuum of care with their patients. As a result, the prevalence of telemedicine has grown rapidly during this pandemic, without allowing the physicians and patients to be adequately educated on how best to utilize the services. There is a steep learning curve as we have learned, and our goal is to provide guidelines for both patients and physicians, as well as a valuable patient handout in preparation for their visit."}, {"pmid": 32405158, "pmcid": "PMC7218369", "title": "Reduced Fractionation in Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Curative-intent Radiotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Faivre-Finn, C", "Fenwick, J D", "Franks, K N", "Harrow, S", "Hatton, M Q F", "Hiley, C", "McAleese, J J", "McDonald, F", "O'Hare, J", "Peedell, C", "Powell, C", "Pope, T", "Rulach, R", "Toy, E"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405158", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249846, "pmcid": "PMC7132548", "title": "Dysregulation of lung myeloid cells in COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Salome, Berengere", "Magen, Assaf"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249846", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352306, "title": "ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients with COVID-19: Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Stefanini, Giulio G", "Montorfano, Matteo", "Trabattoni, Daniela", "Andreini, Daniele", "Ferrante, Giuseppe", "Ancona, Marco", "Metra, Marco", "Curello, Salvatore", "Maffeo, Diego", "Pero, Gaetano", "Cacucci, Michele", "Assanelli, Emilio", "Bellini, Barbara", "Russo, Filippo", "Ielasi, Alfonso", "Tespili, Maurizio", "Danzi, Gian Battista", "Vandoni, Pietro", "Bollati, Mario", "Barbieri, Lucia", "Oreglia, Jacopo", "Lettieri, Corrado", "Cremonesi, Alberto", "Carugo, Stefano", "Reimers, Bernhard", "Condorelli, Gianluigi", "Chieffo, Alaide"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352306", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467013, "pmcid": "PMC7167545", "title": "[Estimation of the number of cases of COVID-19 in real time using a web form through social networks: Project COVID-19-TRENDS].", "journal": "Semergen", "authors": ["Linares, M", "Garitano, I", "Santos, L", "Ramos, J M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467013", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471900, "title": "Response to: Correspondence regarding research letter to the editor by Mathian et al, 'Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a series of 17 patients with systemic lupus under long-term treatment with hydroxychloroquine'' by Nikpour et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Mathian, Alexis", "Amoura, Zahir"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471900", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405122, "pmcid": "PMC7219390", "title": "COVID-19: Developing from an Outbreak to A Pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Hanaei, Sara", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405122", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419272, "pmcid": "PMC7267081", "title": "Molecular Targets for the Testing of COVID-19.", "journal": "Biotechnol J", "authors": ["Yong, Suh Kuan", "Su, Ping-Chia", "Yang, Yuh-Shyong"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419272", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread all over the world in a short period of time. Efficient identification of the infection by SARS-CoV-2 has been one of the most important tasks to facilitate all the following counter measurements in dealing with the infectious disease. In Taiwan, a COVID-19 Open Science Platform adheres to the spirit of open science: sharing sources, data, and methods to promote progress in academic research while corroborating findings from various disciplines has established in mid-February 2020, for collaborative research in support of the development of detection methods, therapeutics, and a vaccine for COVID-19. Research priorities include infection control, epidemiology, clinical characterization and management, detection methods (including viral RNA detection, viral antigen detection, and serum antibody detection), therapeutics (neutralizing antibody and small molecule drugs), vaccines, and SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. In addition, research on social ethics and the law are included to take full account of the impact of the COVID-19 virus."}, {"pmid": 32501372, "pmcid": "PMC7242925", "title": "Forecast and evaluation of COVID-19 spreading in USA with reduced-space Gaussian process regression.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Arias Velasquez, Ricardo Manuel", "Mejia Lara, Jennifer Vanessa"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501372", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this report, we analyze historical and forecast infections for COVID-19 death based on Reduced-Space Gaussian Process Regression associated to chaotic Dynamical Systems with information obtained in 82 days with continuous learning, day by day, from January 21 \n                        th\n                     , 2020 to April 12 \n                        th\n                     . According last results, COVID-19 could be predicted with Gaussian models mean-field models can be meaning- fully used to gather a quantitative picture of the epidemic spreading, with infections, fatality and recovery rate. The forecast places the peak in USA around July 14 \n                        th\n                     2020, with a peak number of 132,074 death with infected individuals of about 1,157,796 and a number of deaths at the end of the epidemics of about 132,800. Late on January, USA confirmed the first patient with COVID-19, who had recently traveled to China, however, an evaluation of states in USA have demonstrated a fatality rate in China (4%) is lower than New York (4.56%), but lower than Michigan (5.69%). Mean estimates and uncertainty bounds for both USA and his cities and other provinces have increased in the last three months, with focus on New York, New Jersey, Michigan, California, Massachusetts, ... (January e April 12 \n                        th\n                     ). Besides, we propose a Reduced-Space Gaussian Process Regression model predicts that the epidemic will reach saturation in USA on July 2020. Our findings suggest, new quarantine actions with more restrictions for containment strategies implemented in USA could be successfully, but in a late period, it could generate critical rate infections and death for the next 2 month."}, {"pmid": 32490733, "title": "Interleukin 6 polymorphisms as an indicator of COVID-19 severity in humans.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Kirtipal, Nikhil", "Bharadwaj, Shiv"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490733", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345336, "pmcid": "PMC7187670", "title": "Shining a light on the evidence for hydroxychloroquine in SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Ingraham, Nicholas E", "Boulware, David", "Sparks, Matthew A", "Schacker, Timothy", "Benson, Bradley", "Sparks, Jeffrey A", "Murray, Thomas", "Connett, John", "Chipman, Jeffrey G", "Charles, Anthony", "Tignanelli, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345336", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464579, "pmcid": "PMC7214302", "title": "Preliminary CT findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Cui, Ning", "Zou, Xugong", "Xu, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464579", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This paper aims to examine the CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19. We evaluated CT images obtained between 10 January 2019 and 16 February 2020 at Taihe Hospital. Scans were conducted 2-6 times per patient and the re-testing interval was 2-7\u00a0days. Ninety-five patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results were included in this study and we retrospectively analysed their CT imaging characteristics. Ninety-five patients underwent 2-3 SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests and received a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19. Fifty-three were male and 42 were female, and their mean age was 42\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012\u00a0years (range: 10\u00a0months to 81\u00a0years). Sixty-nine patients (72.6%) experienced fever, fatigue, and dry cough, while 15 (15.8%) had poor appetite and fatigue, and 11 (11.6%) had a dry cough and no fever. On CT imaging, early stage patients (n\u00a0=\u00a053, 55.8%) showed peripheral subpleural ground-glass opacities; these were mainly local patches (22/53, 41.5%), while some lesions were accompanied by interlobular septal thickening. Thirty-four (35.8%) patients were classified in the 'progression stage' based on CT imaging; these patients typically showed lesions in multiple lung segments and lobes (21/34\uff0c61.8%), and an uneven increase in ground-glass opacity density accompanied by consolidation and grid-like or cord-like shadows(30.5%). Two patients (2.1%) showed a severe presentation on CT. These showed diffuse bilateral lung lesions, mixed ground-glass opacities and consolidation with cord-like interstitial thickening and air bronchograms, entire lung involvement with a \"white lung\" presentation, and mild pleural effusion. Six patients in remission (6.3%), visible lesion absorption, fibrotic lesions. Based on clinical signs, 71 (74.7%), 22 (23.2%), and 2 (2.1%) patients had mild or moderate, severe, and critical disease, respectively. Within the follow-up period, 93 patients recovered and were discharged, including the 53 early stage patients and 34 progression stage patients. The length of hospitalisation was 7-28\u00a0days (mean: 10\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.5\u00a0days). On discharge, lesions were significantly reduced in area and had in many cases completely disappeared, while slight pulmonary fibrosis was present in some patients. One severe stage patient was still hospitalised at the end of the follow-up period and the other severe stage patient died. The overall mortality rate was 1.05%. Understanding the CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 is important for early lesion detection, determining the nature of lesions, and assessing disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32461673, "pmcid": "PMC7251559", "title": "Risk factors for death from COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Selvan, Myvizhi Esai"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461673", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234115, "pmcid": "PMC7118342", "title": "Rapid assessment of regional SARS-CoV-2 community transmission through a convenience sample of healthcare workers, the Netherlands, March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Reusken, Chantal B", "Buiting, Anton", "Bleeker-Rovers, Chantal", "Diederen, Bram", "Hooiveld, Mariette", "Friesema, Ingrid", "Koopmans, Marion", "Kortbeek, Titia", "Lutgens, Suzanne Pm", "Meijer, Adam", "Murk, Jean-Luc", "Overdevest, Ilse", "Trienekens, Thera", "Timen, Aura", "Van den Bijllaardt, Wouter", "Van Dissel, Jaap", "Van Gageldonk-Lafeber, Arianne", "Van der Vegt, Dewi", "Wever, Peter C", "Van der Hoek, Wim", "Kluytmans, Jan"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234115", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To rapidly assess possible community transmission in Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands, healthcare workers (HCW) with mild respiratory complaints and without epidemiological link (contact with confirmed case or visited areas with active circulation) were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Within 2 days, 1,097 HCW in nine hospitals were tested; 45 (4.1%) were positive. Of six hospitals with positive HCW, two accounted for 38 positive HCW. The results informed local and national risk management."}, {"pmid": 32401309, "pmcid": "PMC7239166", "title": "Facing the future-what lessons could we learn from Covid-19?", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528620, "pmcid": "PMC7266471", "title": "Surgical Strategies in the Era of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Dimitroulis, Dimitrios", "Garmpis, Nikolaos", "Damaskos, Christos"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528620", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505069, "pmcid": "PMC7262503", "title": "Hydrogen peroxide and viral infections: A literature review with research hypothesis definition in relation to the current covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Caruso, Arturo Armone", "Del Prete, Antonio", "Lazzarino, Antonio Ivan"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505069", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We reviewed the literature concerning the innate response from nasal and oral epithelial cells and their reaction to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Hydrogen peroxide is produced physiologically by oral bacteria and plays a significant role in the balance of oral microecology since it is an important antimicrobial agent. In the epithelial cells, the enzyme superoxide dismutase catalyzes a reaction leading from hydrogen peroxide to the ion superoxide. The induced oxidative stress stimulates a local innate response via activation of the toll-like receptors and the NF-\u03baB. Those kinds of reactions are also activated by viral infections. Virus-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in the regulation of the host immune system and the specific oxidant-sensitive pathway is one of the effective strategies against viral infections. Therefore, nose/mouth/throat washing with hydrogen peroxide may enhance those local innate responses to viral infections and help protect against the current coronavirus pandemic. We strongly encourage the rapid development of randomized controlled trials in both SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative subjects to test the preliminary findings from the in-vitro and in-vivo observational studies that we identified."}, {"pmid": 32323647, "title": "The world war against the COVID-19 outbreak: don't forget to sleep!", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Monico-Neto, Marcos", "Dos Santos, Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli", "Antunes, Hanna Karen Moreira"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323647", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329661, "title": "Optimizing the Use Of Teleneurology During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Al Kasab, Sami", "Almallouhi, Eyad", "Holmstedt, Christine A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329661", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514594, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine pharmacokinetic in COVID-19 critically ill patients: an observational cohort study.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Painvin, Benoit", "Guillot, Pauline", "Verdier, Marie-Clemence", "Gacouin, Arnaud", "Maamar, Adel"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514594", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437750, "pmcid": "PMC7207141", "title": "Symptom profiles and risk factors for hospitalization in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A Large Cohort from South America.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Diaz, Luis Antonio", "Garcia-Salum, Tamara", "Fuentes-Lopez, Eduardo", "Ferres, Marcela", "Medina, Rafael A", "Riquelme, Arnoldo", "Levican, Jorge", "Almonacid, Leonardo I", "Serrano, Eileen", "Chahuan, Javier", "Cofre, Colomba", "Alvarez, Manuel", "Labarca, Jaime", "Valderrama, Sebastian", "Salinas, Erick", "Toro, Adriana", "Ortega, Marcos", "Garcia, Patricia", "Pizarro, Margarita"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437750", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241833, "pmcid": "PMC7113798", "title": "Will children reveal their secret? The coronavirus dilemma.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Cristiani, Luca", "Mancino, Enrica", "Matera, Luigi", "Nenna, Raffaella", "Pierangeli, Alessandra", "Scagnolari, Carolina", "Midulla, Fabio"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241833", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423287, "pmcid": "PMC7240315", "title": "Cadaveric Simulation of Otologic Procedures: An Analysis of Droplet Splatter Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Sharma, Dhruv", "Rubel, Kolin E", "Ye, Michael J", "Campiti, Vincent J", "Carroll, Aaron E", "Ting, Jonathan Y", "Illing, Elisa A", "Burgin, Sarah J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423287", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The otolaryngology community has significant concerns regarding the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through droplet contamination and viral aerosolization during head and neck examinations and procedures. The objective of this study was to investigate the droplet and splatter contamination from common otologic procedures. Cadaver simulation series. Dedicated surgical laboratory. Two cadaver heads were prepped via bilateral middle cranial fossa approaches to the tegmen (n = 4). Fluorescein was instilled through a 4-mm burr hole drilled into the middle cranial fossa floor, and presence in the middle ear was confirmed via microscopic ear examination. Myringotomy with ventilation tube placement and mastoidectomy were performed, and the distribution and distance of resulting droplet splatter patterns were systematically evaluated. There were no fluorescein droplets or splatter contamination observed in the measured surgical field in any direction after myringotomy and insertion of ventilation tube. Gross contamination from the surgical site to 6 ft was noted after complete mastoidectomy, though, when performed in standard fashion. Our results show that there is no droplet generation during myringotomy with ventilation tube placement in an operating room setting. Mastoidectomy, however, showed gross contamination 3 to 6 ft away in all directions measured. Additionally, there was significantly more droplet and splatter generation to the left of the surgeon when measured at 1 and 3 ft as compared with all other measured directions."}, {"pmid": 32237190, "pmcid": "PMC7228378", "title": "What does androgenetic alopecia have to do with COVID-19? An insight into a potential new therapy.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Goren, Andy", "McCoy, John", "Wambier, Carlos G", "Vano-Galvan, Sergio", "Shapiro, Jerry", "Dhurat, Rachita", "Washenik, Kenneth", "Lotti, Torello"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237190", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436867, "title": "Novel 2019-coronavirus on new year's Eve.", "journal": "Indian J Med Microbiol", "authors": ["Gupta, Parakriti", "Goyal, Kapil", "Kanta, Poonam", "Ghosh, Arnab", "Singh, Mini P"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436867", "countries": ["China", "India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing apocalyptic outbreak of a new virus causing pneumonia-like clusters in Wuhan city, China, has gleamed the world. The outbreak, confirmed on the New Year's Eve 2020, has known no boundaries since then. The number has surpassed that of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and is uninterruptedly escalating. Being an RNA virus, it has a propensity to mutate due to the low proofreading capacity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Step-wise mutations have led to the gradual spillover of virus and after crossing the inter-species interface, the virus has adapted itself for a stable human-to-human transmission. The disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (CoV)-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can prove deadlier if the so-called 'super-spreading events' emerge with time. Recent research has shown the maximum homology of 99% of SARS-CoV-2 to pangolins associated coronavirus, owing to which these can serve as potential intermediate host. India is responding swiftly to the emergency situation, and the whole of the country is under lockdown since 25 March 2020, to ensure social distancing. All the international flights are padlocked and the travellers are being screened at airports and seaports via thermal sensors, and quarantine for a period of 14 days is recommended. Three hundred and forty-five patients across the country tested positive with six fatalities as of 22 March 2020. No specific anti-CoV drugs are currently available. Patients are being treated with protease drugs are inhibitors, remdesivir, chloroquine, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitors, ivermectin, sarilumab and tocilizumab, though none of these is Food and Drug Administration approved and are undergoing trials. Preventive measures such as social distancing, quarantine, cough etiquettes, proper hand washing, cleaning and decontaminating the surfaces are the mainstay for curbing the transmission of this virus. The present review highlights the update of novel SARS-CoV-2 in context to the Indian scenario."}, {"pmid": 32451353, "title": "Evidence of protective effect of hydroxychloroquine to prevent COVID-19.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451353", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We would like to share ideas on the report on \"Hydroxychloroquine in Patients with Rheumatic Disease Complicated by COVID-19: Clarifying Target Exposures and the Need for Clinical Trials [1].\"Balevic noted that \"well-designed clinical trials that include patients with rheumatic disease are urgently needed to characterize the efficacy, safety, and target exposures for hydroxychloroquine [1].\""}, {"pmid": 32376317, "pmcid": "PMC7196550", "title": "Evidence for and against vertical transmission for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Lamouroux, A", "Attie-Bitach, T", "Martinovic, J", "Leruez-Ville, M", "Ville, Y"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376317", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 can severely affect pregnant women and the issue of vertical transmission of sars-cov-2 has also emerged. Sars-cov-2 could be recovered by real-time (RT) PCR from nasal and throat swabs, sputum and feces of symptomatic patients including neonates but not from vaginal swabs, amniotic fluid, placenta, cord blood, neonatal blood or breast milk. Viremia was present in 1% of symptomatic adults. We identified 12 articles published between February 10th and April 4th 2020 reporting on 68 deliveries and 71 neonates with maternal infection in the third trimester of pregnancy. Perinatal exposure, including mode of delivery and time interval from delivery to the diagnosis of neonatal infection are crucial in differentiating congenital from perinatal infection. Neonatal infection is usually asymptomatic. Neonatal infection was diagnosed within 48 hours of life in 4 cases. Detection rates of real-time PCR and the interpretation of IgM and IgG antibodies levels in cord and neonatal blood are discussed in relation with the immaturity of the fetal and neonatal immune system."}, {"pmid": 32425323, "pmcid": "PMC7228684", "title": "Reply: Introducing special cutaneous \"sign\" tribute to healthcare workers managing new coronavirus disease (Covid -19) - New additions.", "journal": "Clin Dermatol", "authors": ["Kannangara, Ajith P"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425323", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383781, "pmcid": "PMC7267146", "title": "On Lung Ultrasound Patterns Specificity in the Management of COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Soldati, Gino", "Smargiassi, Andrea", "Inchingolo, Riccardo", "Buonsenso, Danilo", "Perrone, Tiziano", "Briganti, Domenica Federica", "Perlini, Stefano", "Torri, Elena", "Mariani, Alberto", "Mossolani, Elisa Eleonora", "Tursi, Francesco", "Mento, Federico", "Demi, Libertario"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383781", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329548, "title": "Accessibility of 'essential' alcohol in the time of COVID-19: Casting light on the blind spots of licensing?", "journal": "Drug Alcohol Rev", "authors": ["Reynolds, Joanna", "Wilkinson, Claire"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329548", "countries": ["Australia", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Among the Australian and UK governments' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic has been the designation of outlets selling alcohol for off-premise consumption as 'essential' services, allowing them to remain open while pubs, hotels and restaurants have been forced to close. In a context of restrictions on movement outside the home in both countries, and where alcohol providers are trying to find new ways to reach their customers, this may lead to an intensification of the social and health harms associated with home drinking. By examining the current situation in both Australia and the UK, we argue that heightened risks from home drinking amid COVID-19 bring into sharp focus long-standing weaknesses within licensing systems in both countries: the regulation of off-premise outlets to minimise harms from drinking at home. We call for critical conversations on how licensing systems should be revised to take more responsibility for protecting people from the health and social harms associated with home drinking, both under COVID-19 and in the future."}, {"pmid": 32412405, "title": "Understanding the cytokine storm during COVID-19: Contribution of preexisting chronic inflammation.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Miossec, Pierre"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412405", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354369, "pmcid": "PMC7191555", "title": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia with negative detection of viral ribonucleic acid from nasopharyngeal swabs: a case report.", "journal": "BMC Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Peiyan", "Cai, Zhao", "Wu, Weibo", "Peng, Ling", "Li, Yinfeng", "Chen, Chuming", "Chen, Li", "Li, Jianming", "Cao, Mengli", "Feng, Shiyan", "Jiang, Xiao", "Yuan, Jing", "Liu, Yingxia", "Yang, Liang", "Wang, Fuxiang"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354369", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak started in Wuhan, Hubei, China since Dec 2019 and cases of infection have been continuously reported in various countries. It is now clear that the SARS-COV-2 coronavirus is transmissible from human to human. Nucleic acid detection is considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19. In this case report, we describe our experience in detection of SARS-COV-2 from a confirmed patient using nucleic acid test of bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid (BALF) samples but not nasopharyngeal swabs. We present a case of severely ill SARS-COV-2 infected 46-year-old man with fever, coughing and chest tightness. We performed viral detection using his BALF samples and imaging method (CT) for confirmation. The patient received combination of interferonalfa-1b and ribavirin, lopinavir and ritonavir for antiviral treatment at different stages. Other medication was also given to him in combination for anti-inflammation, intestinal microbial regulation, phlegm elimination, liver protection and pulmonary fibrosis prevention purposes. We provided oxygen supply to him using BIPAP ventilator and high-flow humidification oxygen therapy instrument to facilitate respiration. The patient was cured and discharged. This case report described an effective supportive medication scheme to treat SARS-COV-2 infected patient and emphasized the necessity of detection of the viral genome using BALF samples and its significance in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32475218, "title": "Coronavirus.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Brahams, Diana", "Zeitlin, Harry"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475218", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32151326, "pmcid": "PMC7124523", "title": "Are high-performing health systems resilient against the COVID-19 epidemic?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Legido-Quigley, Helena", "Asgari, Nima", "Teo, Yik Ying", "Leung, Gabriel M", "Oshitani, Hitoshi", "Fukuda, Keiji", "Cook, Alex R", "Hsu, Li Yang", "Shibuya, Kenji", "Heymann, David"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151326", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502537, "pmcid": "PMC7265844", "title": "Deploying Medical Students to Combat Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Quadri, Nasreen S", "Thielen, Beth K", "Erayil, Serin Edwin", "Gulleen, Elizabeth A", "Krohn, Kristina"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502537", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501018, "title": "Primary healthcare practitioners and patient blood management in Africa in the time of coronavirus disease 2019: Safeguarding the blood supply.", "journal": "Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med", "authors": ["Barrett, Claire L"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501018", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted various weaknesses in global healthcare services. The blood supply in Africa is a critical element of the healthcare service that may be significantly affected by the pandemic. By implementing principles of patient blood management, primary healthcare practitioners may play an important role in the resilience of the blood supply during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32502662, "pmcid": "PMC7266579", "title": "Early characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak predict the subsequent epidemic size.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Lei", "Tao, Yusha", "Wang, Jing", "Ong, Jason J", "Tang, Weiming", "Zou, Maosheng", "Bai, Lu", "Ding, Miao", "Shen, Mingwang", "Zhuang, Guihua", "Fairley, Christopher K"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502662", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The largely resolved first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in China provides a unique opportunity to investigate how the early characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak predicts its subsequent size. We collected publicly available COVID-19 epidemiological data from 436 Chinese cities during 16th January-15th March 2020. Based on 45 cities which reported >100 confirmed cases, we examined the correlation between early-stage epidemic characteristics and subsequent epidemic size. We identified a transition point from a slow- to a fast-growing phase for COVID-19 at 5.5 (95% CI, 4.6-6.4) days after the first report, and 30 confirmed cases marked a critical threshold for this transition. The average time for the number of confirmed cases to increase from 30 to 100 (time from 30-to-100) was 6.6 (5.3-7.9) days, and the average case-fatality rate in the first 100 confirmed cases (CFR-100) was 0.8% (0.2-1.4%). The subsequent epidemic size per million population was significantly associated with both of these indicators. We predict a ranking of epidemic size in the cities based on these two indicators and found it highly correlated with the actual ranking of epidemic size. Early epidemic characteristics are important indicators for the size of the entire epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32405110, "pmcid": "PMC7219411", "title": "Prescribing COVID-19 treatments: what we should never forget.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Tunesi, S", "Bourgarit, A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405110", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527866, "title": "Telerheumatology in COVID-19 era: a study from a psoriatic arthritis cohort.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Costa, Luisa", "Tasso, Marco", "Scotti, Nadia", "Mostacciuolo, Erika", "Girolimetto, Nicolo", "Foglia, Francesca", "Del Puente, Antonio", "Scarpa, Raffaele", "Caso, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527866", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339472, "pmcid": "PMC7195023", "title": "Diagnosing malaria and other febrile illnesses during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Dittrich, Sabine", "Lamy, Marie", "Acharya, Shreehari", "Thu, Htin Kyaw", "Datta, Rittika", "Blacksell, Stuart D", "Hein, Phone Si", "Mercado, Chris Erwin G", "Ding, Xavier C", "Chebbi, Amita"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339472", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405136, "pmcid": "PMC7218359", "title": "[COVID-19 and simultaneous thrombosis of two coronary arteries].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Rey, Juan R", "Valero, Santiago Jimenez", "Pinedo, Dolores Poveda", "Llorens, Jose Luis Merino", "Lopez-Sendon, Jose Luis", "Caro-Codon, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405136", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319433, "title": "[CoViD-19: we knew everything but we didn't understand anything.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Addis, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319433", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The CoViD-19 and its consequences could perhaps have been foreseen. Above all, this pandemic force us to review what is essential and really necessary in term of priorities and regulatory process for clinical pharmacological research. It is evident, among other things, the difficulty to deal with therapeutic uncertainties.Not proven specific therapies are available for the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the cause of CoViD-19), other than supportive care. However, several clinical centres decided to use off label drugs as a standard of care in the absence of efficacy and safety data. The national regulatory body (AIFA) has set up a process in a short time to transparently govern the approval of new trials and to regulate the use of medicines that are not indicated. In this context, the communication of risk associated with experimental therapies was also very important. The lessons we will learn from this emergency may result crucial in redesigning a better way of conducting clinical trials and information on drugs."}, {"pmid": 32343510, "title": "COVID-19: are T lymphocytes simply watching?", "journal": "Panminerva Med", "authors": ["Saverino, Daniele"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343510", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379080, "pmcid": "PMC7224623", "title": "Protecting Surgical Teams During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Narrative Review and Clinical Considerations.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Brat, Gabriel A", "Hersey, Sean", "Chhabra, Karan", "Gupta, Alok", "Scott, John"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379080", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485273, "pmcid": "PMC7260524", "title": "Environmental contamination of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Ryu, Byung-Han", "Cho, Younghwa", "Cho, Oh-Hyun", "Hong, Sun In", "Kim, Sunjoo", "Lee, Seungjun"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485273", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although contact precaution is generally recommended in situations where coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is suspected, there is limited evidence on environmental contamination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, we conducted environmental surveillance on SARS-CoV-2 contamination in 2 different healthcare settings. Viral contamination was investigated on the environment of 2 hospitals that had admitted 13 COVID-19 patients. In hospital A, 5 patients with pneumonia occupied negative pressure rooms. In hospital B, 8 asymptomatic patients shared 2 common 4-bed rooms. Most rooms were poorly cleaned or disinfected. Environmental swab were collected from inside and outside the rooms and were tested using real-time RT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. In hospital A, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 10 of 57 (17.5%) samples from inside the rooms including the Ambu bag and infusion pump. Two samples obtained at more than 2 meters from the patients showed positive results. In hospital B, 3 of 22 (13.6%) samples from inside the rooms were positive. Areas outside the rooms, such as the anteroom, corridor, and nursing station, were all negative in both hospitals. Hospital surfaces surrounding patients were contaminated by SARS-CoV-2. Our findings support the value of strict contact precaution, routine cleaning and disinfection in the management of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32472562, "title": "Impact on colorectal cancer in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Altaf, K", "Tan, J", "Parvaiz, A", "Ahmed, S"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472562", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234126, "title": "[An epidemiologic thinking on the diagnosis criteria of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tan, H Z"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234126", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on the positive of etiological test. The current etiological test of COVID-19 cost long time, and have high false negative rate, may resulting delay the measures of disease treatment and prevention. We suggested that COVID-19 should be diagnosed as 3 types: suspected case, clinical diagnosed case, and definite diagnosed case."}, {"pmid": 32339335, "pmcid": "PMC7267477", "title": "Hematologic parameters in patients with COVID-19 infection: a reply.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Fan, Bingwen Eugene"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339335", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427182, "pmcid": "PMC7228350", "title": "Pragmatic recommendations for intubating critically ill patients with suspected COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open", "authors": ["Brown, Calvin A 3rd", "Mosier, Jarrod M", "Carlson, Jestin N", "Gibbs, Michael A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427182", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399479, "pmcid": "PMC7214230", "title": "Human coronaviruses with emphasis on the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Bahadur, Saraj", "Long, Wenxing", "Shuaib, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399479", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronaviruses are known as respiratory pathogens mainly associated with a range of respiratory diseases. In the past 18\u00a0years, the beginning of severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus (SARS-HCoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and now the (COVID-19) have driven the HCoV into the platform of the scientific community due to their high pathogenicity in humans. Our study about the HCoV has contributed extensively to the understanding of HCoV pathogenesis its outbreak and precautionary measurements mainly COVID-19. By the 16-February 2020, total existing diagnosis cases of COVID-19, in china now numbered around 57,255, total cumulative diagnosis is about 68,592, total existing suspicion is about 8228, a total severe existing disease 11,272, the total cumulative cure is about 9671 with more than 1666 cumulative deaths have been reported. The purpose of the review is to summarize the present knowledge on the viral diversity, reservoir hosts, and geographical distributions of Human coronavirus (COVID-19) in\u00a0China."}, {"pmid": 32353183, "pmcid": "PMC7267618", "title": "Acute aorto-iliac and mesenteric arterial thromboses as presenting features of COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Vulliamy, Paul", "Jacob, Sabu", "Davenport, Ross A"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353183", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32258434, "pmcid": "PMC7122404", "title": "COVID-19 in Turkey: An urgent need for the implementation of preparedness and response strategies.", "journal": "Health Sci Rep", "authors": ["Khan, Zakir", "Karatas, Yusuf"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32258434", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292898, "pmcid": "PMC7129293", "title": "Facemask shortage and the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: Reflections on public health measures.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Wu, Huai-Liang", "Huang, Jian", "Zhang, Casper J P", "He, Zonglin", "Ming, Wai-Kit"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292898", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak due to the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection occurred in China in late December 2019. Facemask wearing with proper hand hygiene is considered an effective measure to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but facemask wearing has become a social concern due to the global facemask shortage. China is the major facemask producer in the world, contributing to 50% of global production. However, a universal facemask wearing policy would put an enormous burden on the facemask supply. We performed a policy review concerning facemasks using government websites and mathematical modelling shortage analyses based on data obtained from the National Health Commission (NHC), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and General Administration of Customs (GAC) of the People's Republic of China. Three scenarios with respect to wearing facemasks were considered: (1) a universal facemask wearing policy implementation in all regions of mainland China; (2) a universal facemask wearing policy implementation only in the epicentre (Hubei province, China); and (3) no implementation of a universal facemask wearing policy. Regardless of different universal facemask wearing policy scenarios, facemask shortage would occur but eventually end during our prediction period (from 20 Jan 2020 to 30 Jun 2020). The duration of the facemask shortage described in the scenarios of a country-wide universal facemask wearing policy, a universal facemask wearing policy in the epicentre, and no universal facemask wearing policy were 132, seven, and four days, respectively. During the prediction period, the largest daily facemask shortages were predicted to be 589\u00b75, 49\u00b73, and 37\u00b75 million in each of the three scenarios, respectively. In any scenario, an N95 mask shortage was predicted to occur on 24 January 2020 with a daily facemask shortage of 2\u00b72 million. Implementing a universal facemask wearing policy in the whole of China could lead to severe facemask shortage. Without effective public communication, a universal facemask wearing policy could result in societal panic and subsequently, increase the nationwide and worldwide demand for facemasks. These increased demands could cause a facemask shortage for healthcare workers and reduce the effectiveness of outbreak control in the affected regions, eventually leading to a pandemic. To fight novel infectious disease outbreaks, such as COVID-19, governments should monitor domestic facemask supplies and give priority to healthcare workers. The risk of asymptomatic transmission and facemask shortages should be carefully evaluated before introducing a universal facemask wearing policy in high-risk regions. Public health measures aimed at improving hand hygiene and effective public communication should be considered along with the facemask policy."}, {"pmid": 32527570, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in upper and lower airway samples of a laryngectomized patient: New insights and many lessons.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Gallo, Oreste", "Trotta, Michele", "Orlando, Pietro", "Maggiore, Giandomenico", "Bicci, Eleonora", "Locatello, Luca Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527570", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520289, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on mental health in a Low and Middle-Income Country.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Castro-de-Araujo, Luis Fernando Silva", "Machado, Daiane Borges"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520289", "countries": ["Brazil"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mental disorders (MD) are commonly comorbid with cardiovascular, metabolic, and some infectious diseases. Since the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is affecting the most multimorbid individuals, we might expect that the epidemic will be particularly problematic for people with MD. Understanding the burden of an outbreak on mental health is fundamental to effective action towards containing the spread of the disease, as psychopathology might reduce endurance during the lockdown. This can potentially reduce adhesion to ongoing treatment resulting in avoidable recurrence of a disorder. Additionally, there is the stress caused by the eminent risk of infection or economic uncertainty, especially in low-middle income settings. This is an overview on the expected influence of the COVID-19 on mental health from a research group that has not long ago been involved in the Zika epidemic. It aims to discuss the effects of the pandemic on a Low and Middle-Income country (LMIC), Brazil."}, {"pmid": 32349772, "pmcid": "PMC7190200", "title": "Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in newborns and infants: what we know so far.", "journal": "Ital J Pediatr", "authors": ["De Rose, Domenico Umberto", "Piersigilli, Fiammetta", "Ronchetti, Maria Paola", "Santisi, Alessandra", "Bersani, Iliana", "Dotta, Andrea", "Danhaive, Olivier", "Auriti, Cinzia"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349772", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, an outbreak of viral pneumonitis in Wuhan, Hubei, China successively spread as a global pandemia, led to the identification of a novel betacoronavirus species, the 2019 novel coronavirus, successively designated 2019-nCoV then SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 causes a clinical syndrome designated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) with a spectrum of manifestations ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. Few cases have been observed in children and adolescents who seem to have a more favorable clinical course than other age groups, and even fewer in newborn babies. This review provides an overview of the knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology, transmission, the associated clinical presentation and outcomes in newborns and infants up to 6\u2009months of life."}, {"pmid": 32443019, "pmcid": "PMC7273939", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the Pediatric Gastroenterologist.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Murray, Karen F", "Gold, Benjamin D", "Shamir, Raanan", "Agostoni, Carlo", "Pierre-Alvarez, Reinaldo", "Kolacek, Sanja", "Hsu, Evelyn K", "Chen, Jie"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443019", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464707, "title": "Macrothrombosis and stroke in patients with mild Covid-19 infection.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Fara, Michael G", "Stein, Laura K", "Skliut, Maryna", "Morgello, Susan", "Fifi, Johanna T", "Dhamoon, Mandip S"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464707", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease currently affecting millions of people worldwide. Its neurological implications are poorly understood, and further study is urgently required. A hypercoagulable state has been reported in patients with severe COVID-19, but nothing is known about coagulopathy in patients with milder disease. We describe cases of patients in New York City presenting with stroke secondary to large vessel thrombosis without occlusion, incidentally found to have COVID-19 with only mild respiratory symptoms. This is in contrast to the venous thrombosis and microangiopathy that has been reported in patients with severe COVID-19. Our cases suggest that even in the absence of severe disease, patients with COVID-19 may be at increased risk of thrombus formation leading to stroke, perhaps due to viral involvement of the endothelium. Further systematic study is needed, since this may have implications for primary and secondary stroke prevention in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32278616, "pmcid": "PMC7129342", "title": "Recommendations on management of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) in kidney transplant patients.", "journal": "Nefrologia", "authors": ["Lopez, Veronica", "Vazquez, Teresa", "Alonso-Titos, Juana", "Cabello, Mercedes", "Alonso, Angel", "Beneyto, Isabel", "Crespo, Marta", "Diaz-Corte, Carmen", "Franco, Antonio", "Gonzalez-Roncero, Francisco", "Gutierrez, Elena", "Guirado, Luis", "Jimenez, Carlos", "Jironda, Cristina", "Lauzurica, Ricardo", "Llorente, Santiago", "Mazuecos, Auxiliadora", "Paul, Javier", "Rodriguez-Benot, Alberto", "Ruiz, Juan Carlos", "Sanchez-Fructuoso, Ana", "Sola, Eugenia", "Torregrosa, Vicente", "Zarraga, Sofia", "Hernandez, Domingo"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278616", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic is evolving very quickly and means a special risk for both immunosuppressed and comorbid patients. Knowledge about this growing infection is also increasing although many uncertainties remain, especially in the kidney transplant population. This manuscript presents a proposal for action with general and specific recommendations to protect and prevent infection in this vulnerable population such as kidney transplant recipients."}, {"pmid": 32414711, "title": "The renin-angiotensin system - a therapeutic target in COVID-19?", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Sturrock, Beattie Rh", "Milne, Kate", "Chevassut, Timothy Jt"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414711", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, is a disease characterised by cough, fever and fatigue, which progresses to life-threatening lung injury in approximately 5% of patients. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the cell via ACE2. ACE2 is a component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) which has an important counterregulatory effect on the classical ACE-dependent pathway. Several antihypertensives increase ACE2 expression or activity, leading to concern that this may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry and worsen COVID-19 disease. However, ACE2 is protective against lung injury while ANG II (which is catabolised by ACE2) is associated with lung injury both in mice and humans. We propose that medications which inhibit the RAS ACE-dependent pathway may be beneficial in treating COVID-19 and should be explored in animal models and clinical trials. Here we give an overview of the RAS pathway with respect to COVID-19 and argue that strategies which manipulate this pathway might reduce the destructive lung manifestations of COVID-19 and improve patient outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32449333, "title": "Ability of the immune system to fight viruses highlighted by cytometry and TCR clonotype assessments: lessons taken prior to COVID-19 virus pandemic outbreak.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Jaskula, Emilia", "Lange, Andrzej"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449333", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The intriguing aspects of SARS-CoV-2 virus are the high rate of spread and rapid progression of pneumonitis. Confronted with thousands of deaths daily worldwide, we have to build quickly the rationale behind the treatment, taking advantage from past analogues. When a new virus strikes, T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma/delta cells are in the first line of defence, activated by stress molecules and recognising some epitopes in a process that is major histocompatibility complex (MHC) independent but still specific, e.g. cytomegalovirus (CMV), as well as participating in the regulatory mechanism - both characteristics are useful in fighting SARS-CoV-2. The fatalities are mostly due to pneumonitis, in the course of which an overwhelming inflammatory process impairs blood oxygenation, calling for artificial ventilation. In fatal COVID-19 cases the balance between the immune response and the inflammatory outcome fails, due to which the patients at risk, mostly aged, have higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and an enhanced inflammatory process in the lung. Apparently there is no feedback control over the antibody production. The investigational use of convalescent plasma, providing antibodies taken from patients who have recovered, was shown to be effective, likely through exerting idiotype associated negative control of antibody production. Similarly, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may assist the body regulatory mechanisms, knowing the anti-inflammatory potential of these cells. The use of these two immunotherapeutic tools is understandable on the grounds of basic immunology, whose knowledge may direct the medical community in efforts to fight the virus."}, {"pmid": 32372784, "pmcid": "PMC7195307", "title": "Puzzle over viral load.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Geddes, Linda"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372784", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We don't yet know if being exposed to more coronavirus particles leads to more severe covid-19 symptoms, reports Linda Geddes."}, {"pmid": 32249089, "pmcid": "PMC7270372", "title": "Identification of Kidney Transplant Recipients with Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Zhang, Hui", "Chen, Yan", "Yuan, Quan", "Xia, Qiu-Xiang", "Zeng, Xian-Peng", "Peng, Jing-Tao", "Liu, Jing", "Xiao, Xing-Yuan", "Jiang, Guo-Song", "Xiao, Han-Yu", "Xie, Liang-Bo", "Chen, Jing", "Liu, Jia-Li", "Xiao, Xiong", "Su, Hua", "Zhang, Chun", "Zhang, Xiao-Ping", "Yang, Hua", "Li, Heng", "Wang, Zhen-Di"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249089", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel and lethal infectious disease, posing a threat to global health security. The number of cases has increased rapidly, but no data concerning kidney transplant (KTx) recipients infected with COVID-19 are available. To present the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of KTx recipients infected with COVID-19, we report on a case series of five patients who were confirmed as having COVID-19 through nucleic acid testing (NAT) from January 1, 2020 to February 28, 2020. The most common symptoms on admission to hospital were fever (five patients, 100%), cough (five patients, 100%), myalgia or fatigue (three patients, 60%), and sputum production (three patients, 60%); serum creatinine or urea nitrogen levels were slightly higher than those before symptom onset. Four patients received a reduced dose of maintenance immunosuppressive therapy during hospitalization. As of March 4, 2020 NAT was negative for COVID-19 in three patients twice in succession, and their computed tomography scans showed improved images. Although greater patient numbers and long-term follow-up data are needed, our series demonstrates that mild COVID-19 infection in KTx recipients can be managed using symptomatic support therapy combined with adjusted maintenance immunosuppressive therapy."}, {"pmid": 32378021, "pmcid": "PMC7202677", "title": "Tracheobronchitis signs observed on ventilation lung scintigraphy during the course of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Verger, Antoine", "Bahloul, Achraf", "Melki, Saifeddine", "Karcher, Gilles", "Imbert, Laetitia", "Marie, Pierre-Yves"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378021", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220200, "title": "Epidemiology of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiaodong"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220200", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503668, "pmcid": "PMC7273815", "title": "Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictive biomarker for moderate-severe ARDS in severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Ma, Aijia", "Cheng, Jiangli", "Yang, Jing", "Dong, Meiling", "Liao, Xuelian", "Kang, Yan"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503668", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000029758. Registered 12 February 2020 - Retrospectively registered."}, {"pmid": 32440665, "pmcid": "PMC7212070", "title": "Cross-Protection Induced by Encephalitis Vaccines against COVID-19 Might be a Reason for Relatively Lower Mortality Rate in Some Countries.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Katoh, Shojiro", "Obayashi, Toshihiko", "Ganesh, Jegatheesan Saravana", "Iwasaki, Masaru", "Preethy, Senthilkumar", "Abraham, Samuel Jk"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440665", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an on-going pandemic attributed to a novel virus named SARS-CoV-2. Comparing the statistics of incidence and death rates between nations reveals that there is discrepancy amongst countries in these regards, even between countries that share borders. We herein present information from the literature indicating how cross-protection against COVID-19 conferred by the encephalitis vaccine could be the reason for lower fatality rate in the countries where immunization against encephalitis is widespread or included in national programs. This may pave the way for arriving at efficient prevention strategies as well as vaccine development."}, {"pmid": 32396963, "title": "SARS-2 Coronavirus-Associated Hemostatic Lung Abnormality in COVID-19: Is It Pulmonary Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism?", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko", "Srivastava, Alok"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396963", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415888, "title": "Ischaemic Stroke in the Time of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Tejada Meza, Herbert", "Lambea Gil, Alvaro", "Sancho Saldana, Agustin", "Villar Yus, Cristina", "Pardinas Baron, Beatriz", "Sagarra Mur, Daniel", "Marta Moreno, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415888", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Each year, between 1.1 and 1.5 million Europeans have a stroke1 . Two to three out of 10 patients die as a consequence of it and about one third remains functionally dependent2 . As we know, the likelihood of a favourable outcome in this disease relies heavily on patients presenting promptly after symptoms onset and on hospitals providing immediate access to optimized stroke care."}, {"pmid": 32347512, "pmcid": "PMC7187661", "title": "Group Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Forward to the Past?", "journal": "Pharmacoecon Open", "authors": ["Pouwels, Koen B", "Roope, Laurence S J", "Barnett, Adrian", "Hunter, David J", "Nolan, Terry M", "Clarke, Philip M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347512", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319881, "title": "May hydrogen peroxide reduce the hospitalization rate and complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Caruso, Arturo Armone", "Del Prete, Antonio", "Lazzarino, Antonio Ivan", "Capaldi, Roberto", "Grumetto, Lucia"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319881", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525700, "title": "Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in Association with COVID-19.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Simpson, John M", "Newburger, Jane W"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525700", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292884, "pmcid": "PMC7140724", "title": "Important Steps to Control COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "SN Compr Clin Med", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Sudipto"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292884", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Elderly patients are having high mortality rates from COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to younger patients. The SARS-CoV-2 virus uses the\u00a0ACE2 receptor as the entry point to the host cells. ARBs/ACEIs which are widely used in elderly patients, have\u00a0been found to be\u00a0associated with overexpression of ACE2.To decrease the severity of COVID-19 infection, ARB/ACEI should be switched to another class drug not known to cause a rise in ACE2 until the COVID-19 infection subsides. Specific human immunoglobulin can be tried for COVID-19 patients with critical conditions under supervision."}, {"pmid": 32493510, "pmcid": "PMC7268185", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 SPIKE PROTEIN: an optimal immunological target for vaccines.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Salvatori, Giovanni", "Luberto, Laura", "Maffei, Mariano", "Aurisicchio, Luigi", "Roscilli, Giuseppe", "Palombo, Fabio", "Marra, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493510", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has rapidly spread all over the world, progressing into a pandemic. This situation has urgently impelled many companies and public research institutes to concentrate their efforts on research for effective therapeutics. Here, we outline the strategies and targets currently adopted in developing a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Based on previous evidence and experience with SARS and MERS, the primary focus has been the Spike protein, considered as the ideal target for COVID-19 immunotherapies."}, {"pmid": 32218651, "pmcid": "PMC7095077", "title": "Coronavirus outbreaks: prevention and management recommendations.", "journal": "Drugs Ther Perspect", "authors": ["Khan, Zakir", "Muhammad, Khayal", "Ahmed, Ali", "Rahman, Hazir"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218651", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249918, "pmcid": "PMC7184430", "title": "Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Na", "Han, Lefei", "Peng, Min", "Lv, Yuxia", "Ouyang, Yin", "Liu, Kui", "Yue, Linli", "Li, Qiannan", "Sun, Guoqiang", "Chen, Lin", "Yang, Lin"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249918", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing epidemics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have caused serious concerns about its potential adverse effects on pregnancy. There are limited data on maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. We conducted a case-control study to compare clinical characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with and without COVID-19 pneumonia. During January 24 to February 29, 2020, there were sixteen pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and eighteen suspected cases who were admitted to labor in the third trimester. Two had vaginal delivery and the rest took cesarean section. Few patients presented respiratory symptoms (fever and cough) on admission, but most had typical chest CT images of COVID-19 pneumonia. Compared to the controls, COVID-19 pneumonia patients had lower counts of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on admission. Increased levels of WBC, neutrophils, eosinophils, and CRP were found in postpartum blood tests of pneumonia patients. There were three (18.8%) and three (16.7%) of the mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 pneumonia had preterm delivery due to maternal complications, which were significantly higher than the control group. None experienced respiratory failure during hospital stay. COVID-19 infection was not found in the newborns and none developed severe neonatal complications. Severe maternal and neonatal complications were not observed in pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia who had vaginal delivery or caesarean section. Mild respiratory symptoms of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia highlight the need of effective screening on admission."}, {"pmid": 32224304, "pmcid": "PMC7154504", "title": "COVID-19 infection in children.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Sinha, Ian P", "Harwood, Rachel", "Semple, Malcolm G", "Hawcutt, Daniel B", "Thursfield, Rebecca", "Narayan, Omendra", "Kenny, Simon E", "Viner, Russell", "Hewer, Simon Langton", "Southern, Kevin W"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224304", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352871, "title": "A Radiation Mitigator as a Potential Treatment for COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiat Res", "authors": ["Corry, Peter M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352871", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296840, "pmcid": "PMC7184502", "title": "Aging in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Avoiding Ageism and Fostering Intergenerational Solidarity.", "journal": "J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci", "authors": ["Ayalon, Liat", "Chasteen, Alison", "Diehl, Manfred", "Levy, Becca", "Neupert, Shevaun D", "Rothermund, Klaus", "Tesch-Romer, Clemens", "Wahl, Hans-Werner"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296840", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321635, "pmcid": "PMC7167223", "title": "Old and new antirheumatic drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Joint Bone Spine", "authors": ["Benucci, Maurizio", "Damiani, Arianna", "Infantino, Maria", "Manfredi, Mariangela", "Quartuccio, Luca"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321635", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32088344, "pmcid": "PMC7119083", "title": "COVID-19: A critical care perspective informed by lessons learnt from other viral epidemics.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Ling, Lowell", "Joynt, Gavin M", "Lipman, Jeff", "Constantin, Jean-Michel", "Joannes-Boyau, Olivier"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088344", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353264, "pmcid": "PMC7185919", "title": "Key ethical questions for research during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Townsend, Ellen", "Nielsen, Emma", "Allister, Rosie", "Cassidy, Sarah A"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353264", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372767, "pmcid": "PMC7198149", "title": "[COVID 19 and \"Argumentum ad ignorantiam\" or \"not everything goes\"].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Lopez Reboiro, M L", "Sardina Gonzalez, C", "Lopez Castro, J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372767", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425514, "pmcid": "PMC7188202", "title": "Covid-19 and COPD: A Personal Reflection.", "journal": "Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis", "authors": ["Russell, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425514", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389851, "pmcid": "PMC7204705", "title": "COVID-19 and religious congregations: Implications for spread of novel pathogens.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Quadri, Sayed A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is ravaging the world. A principal preventive strategy is practicing social distancing. Congregations of the faithful at the local and transnational levels are strongly recommended by several world religions and religious orders, however, a gathering of large numbers of people in close approximation could be fertile ground for the spread of novel pathogens. The refusal to suspend such gatherings could lead to potential widespread dispersal of infections."}, {"pmid": 32294179, "pmcid": "PMC7184382", "title": "Coronavirus Infections and Type 2 Diabetes-Shared Pathways with Therapeutic Implications.", "journal": "Endocr Rev", "authors": ["Drucker, Daniel J"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294179", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Individuals with diabetes are at increased risk for bacterial, mycotic, parasitic, and viral infections. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 (also referred to as COVID-19) coronavirus pandemic highlights the importance of understanding shared disease pathophysiology potentially informing therapeutic choices in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Two coronavirus receptor proteins, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) are also established transducers of metabolic signals and pathways regulating inflammation, renal and cardiovascular physiology, and glucose homeostasis. Moreover, glucose-lowering agents such as the DPP4 inhibitors, widely used in subjects with T2D, are known to modify the biological activities of multiple immunomodulatory substrates. Here, we review the basic and clinical science spanning the intersections of diabetes, coronavirus infections, ACE2, and DPP4 biology, highlighting clinical relevance and evolving areas of uncertainty underlying the pathophysiology and treatment of T2D in the context of coronavirus infection."}, {"pmid": 32434670, "pmcid": "PMC7207115", "title": "Threats from the coronavirus, lessons from the plague.", "journal": "Explore (NY)", "authors": ["Dossey, Larry"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434670", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531955, "title": "Prospects of Replication-Deficient Adenovirus Based Vaccine Development against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Vaccines (Basel)", "authors": ["Garofalo, Mariangela", "Staniszewska, Monika", "Salmaso, Stefano", "Caliceti, Paolo", "Pancer, Katarzyna Wanda", "Wieczorek, Magdalena", "Kuryk, Lukasz"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531955", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current appearance of the new SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and it quickly spreading across the world poses a global health emergency. The serious outbreak position is affecting people worldwide and requires rapid measures to be taken by healthcare systems and governments. Vaccinations represent the most effective strategy to prevent the epidemic of the virus and to further reduce morbidity and mortality with long-lasting effects. Nevertheless, currently there are no licensed vaccines for the novel coronaviruses. Researchers and clinicians from all over the world are advancing the development of a vaccine against novel human SARS-CoV-2 using various approaches. Herein, we aim to present and discuss the progress and prospects in the field of vaccine research towards SARS-CoV-2 using adenovirus (AdV) replication deficient-based strategies, with a comprehension that may support research and combat this recent world health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32513550, "title": "Diagnosis of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection in a Patient Referred for CT Lung Biopsy.", "journal": "J Vasc Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Morris, Michael F", "Goettel, Christopher", "Mendenhall, Cole", "Chen, Steve", "Hirsch, Kevin"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513550", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352515, "pmcid": "PMC7197608", "title": "The battle against COVID-19: mortality in Italy.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Ferrari, Roberto", "Maggioni, Aldo P", "Tavazzi, Luigi", "Rapezzi, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352515", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320327, "title": "Respiratory Protection Considerations for Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Friese, Christopher R", "Veenema, Tener Goodwin", "Johnson, James S", "Jayaraman, Sundaresan", "Chang, James C", "Clever, Linda Hawes"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320327", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a surge of patients that exceeds available human and physical resources in many settings, triggering the implementation of crisis standards of care. High-quality respiratory protection is essential to reduce exposure among healthcare workers, yet dire shortages of personal protective equipment in the United States threaten the health and safety of this essential workforce. In the context of rapidly changing conditions and incomplete data, this article outlines 3 important strategies to improve healthcare workers' respiratory protection. At a minimum, healthcare workers delivering care to patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 should wear N95 respirators and full-face shields. Several mechanisms exist to boost and protect the supply of N95 respirators, including rigorous decontamination protocols, invoking the Defense Production Act, expanded use of reusable elastomeric respirators, and repurposing industrial N95 respirators. Finally, homemade facial coverings do not protect healthcare workers and should be avoided. These strategies, coupled with longer-term strategies of investments in protective equipment research, infrastructure, and data systems, provide a framework to protect healthcare workers immediately and enhance preparedness efforts for future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32355447, "pmcid": "PMC7183743", "title": "The first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Tanzania: recommendations based on lesson learned from China.", "journal": "Trop Med Health", "authors": ["Tarimo, Clifford Silver", "Wu, Jian"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355447", "countries": ["China", "Tanzania, United Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) takes its course outside China, the number of imported cases to other countries is on the rise. Currently, Tanzania has received the first imported case on 16 March 2020. This letter serves to describe this specific event and put forth a number of recommendations including establishing more testing points, discouraging all forms of public and religious gatherings, and tailoring a unique model for lockdown and social distancing to prevent further spread of the disease. The letter has also suggested ways to further improve the efforts already in place so as to strengthen the prevention and control system."}, {"pmid": 32302283, "pmcid": "PMC7234699", "title": "Paradigm Shift for COVID-19 Response: Identifying High-risk Individuals and Treating Inflammation.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Kivela, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302283", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217650, "pmcid": "PMC7098485", "title": "Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Guan, Wei-Jie", "Liang, Wen-Hua", "Zhao, Yi", "Liang, Heng-Rui", "Chen, Zi-Sheng", "Li, Yi-Min", "Liu, Xiao-Qing", "Chen, Ru-Chong", "Tang, Chun-Li", "Wang, Tao", "Ou, Chun-Quan", "Li, Li", "Chen, Ping-Yan", "Sang, Ling", "Wang, Wei", "Li, Jian-Fu", "Li, Cai-Chen", "Ou, Li-Min", "Cheng, Bo", "Xiong, Shan", "Ni, Zheng-Yi", "Xiang, Jie", "Hu, Yu", "Liu, Lei", "Shan, Hong", "Lei, Chun-Liang", "Peng, Yi-Xiang", "Wei, Li", "Liu, Yong", "Hu, Ya-Hua", "Peng, Peng", "Wang, Jian-Ming", "Liu, Ji-Yang", "Chen, Zhong", "Li, Gang", "Zheng, Zhi-Jian", "Qiu, Shao-Qin", "Luo, Jie", "Ye, Chang-Jiang", "Zhu, Shao-Yong", "Cheng, Lin-Ling", "Ye, Feng", "Li, Shi-Yue", "Zheng, Jin-Ping", "Zhang, Nuo-Fu", "Zhong, Nan-Shan", "He, Jian-Xing"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217650", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is evolving rapidly worldwide. To evaluate the risk of serious adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 by stratifying the comorbidity status. We analysed data from 1590 laboratory confirmed hospitalised patients from 575 hospitals in 31 provinces/autonomous regions/provincial municipalities across mainland China between 11 December 2019 and 31 January 2020. We analysed the composite end-points, which consisted of admission to an intensive care unit, invasive ventilation or death. The risk of reaching the composite end-points was compared according to the presence and number of comorbidities. The mean age was 48.9\u2005years and 686 (42.7%) patients were female. Severe cases accounted for 16.0% of the study population. 131 (8.2%) patients reached the composite end-points. 399 (25.1%) reported having at least one comorbidity. The most prevalent comorbidity was hypertension (16.9%), followed by diabetes (8.2%). 130 (8.2%) patients reported having two or more comorbidities. After adjusting for age and smoking status, COPD (HR (95% CI) 2.681 (1.424-5.048)), diabetes (1.59 (1.03-2.45)), hypertension (1.58 (1.07-2.32)) and malignancy (3.50 (1.60-7.64)) were risk factors of reaching the composite end-points. The hazard ratio (95% CI) was 1.79 (1.16-2.77) among patients with at least one comorbidity and 2.59 (1.61-4.17) among patients with two or more comorbidities. Among laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19, patients with any comorbidity yielded poorer clinical outcomes than those without. A greater number of comorbidities also correlated with poorer clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32369678, "title": "SARS-CoV-2, Testosterone and frailty in males (PROTEGGIMI): A multidimensional research project.", "journal": "Andrology", "authors": ["Salonia, Andrea", "Corona, Giovanni", "Giwercman, Aleksander", "Maggi, Mario", "Minhas, Suks", "Nappi, Rossella E", "Sofikitis, Nikolaos", "Vignozzi, Linda"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369678", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Preliminary published data depicts a much greater prevalence of malewith laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) referred for intensive care unit admission and severe sequelae in several countries. In this context, males seem to not only be more susceptible to the infection compared to female subjects, at least in western countries, but their case fatality rate attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infection is also highest. Therefore, we may speculate that the different hormonal milieu could have a more profound pathophysiological role in association with SARS-CoV-2, with endogenous testosterone leaving men more prone to develop more serious complications related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Another option is that SARS-CoV-2 infection per se causes an acute stage of male hypogonadism, the depletion of androgenic action triggering serious or an even fatal course of the disease. Therefore, we stongly advocate the development of a prospective multidimensional andrological translational research project in men, which we called the PROTEGGIMI study. In this Opinion Article we will not only highlight novel research activity in this area but also invite other researchers and learned scientific societies to join us in our efforts to understand an important and very newly discovered gap in knowledge, which may have serious implications for the lives of millions of men."}, {"pmid": 32087623, "title": "[Comparison of the clinical characteristics between RNA positive and negative patients clinically diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Y Y", "Wang, W N", "Lei, Y", "Zhang, B", "Yang, J", "Hu, J W", "Ren, Y L", "Lu, Q F"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087623", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To raise awareness about 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) and reduce missed diagnosis rate and misdiagnosis rate by comparing the clinical characteristics between RNA positive and negative patients clinically diagnosed with NCP. Methods: From January 2020 to February 2020, 54 patients who were newly diagnosed with NCP in Wuhan Fourth Hospital were included in this study. RT-PCR method was used to measure the level of 2019-nCov RNA in pharyngeal swab samples of these patients. The patients were divided into RNA positive and negative group, and the differences of clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics were compared. Results: There were 31 RNA of 2019-nCov positive cases, and 23 negative cases. Common clinical symptoms of two groups were fever (80.64% vs. 86.96%) , chills (61.29% vs. 52.17%) , cough (80.64% vs. 95.65%) , fatigue (61.30% vs. 56.52%) , chest distress (77.42% vs.73.91%) . Some other symptoms were headache, myalgia, dyspnea, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. The laboratory and radiological characteristics of two groups mainly were lymphopenia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, increased C-reactive protein, increased lactate dehydrogenase, decreased oxygenation index, normal white blood cell count and bilateral chest CT involvement. There was no statistically significant difference in other clinical characteristics except for dyspnea between two groups. Conclusions: RNA positive and negative NCP patients shared similar clinical symptoms, while RNA positive NCP patients tended to have dyspnea. Therefore, we should improve the understanding of NCP to prevent missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis; In addition, more rapid and accurate NCP diagnostic approaches should be further developed."}, {"pmid": 32388230, "pmcid": "PMC7192083", "title": "Covid-19 infection in therapy-naive patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.", "journal": "Leuk Res", "authors": ["Paneesha, S", "Pratt, G", "Parry, H", "Moss, P"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388230", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413712, "pmcid": "PMC7199689", "title": "Contamination and infection: What the coronavirus pandemic could reveal about the evolutionary origins of obsessive-compulsive disorder.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Rajkumar, Ravi Philip"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413712", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511802, "title": "Suicide Safety Planning During a Pandemic: The Implications of COVID-19 on Coping with a Crisis.", "journal": "Suicide Life Threat Behav", "authors": ["Pruitt, Larry D", "Mcintosh, Leidy S", "Reger, Greg"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511802", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328758, "pmcid": "PMC7180670", "title": "The prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations in COVID-19 and the diagnostic value of ocular tissue/fluid.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Ulhaq, Zulvikar Syambani", "Soraya, Gita Vita"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328758", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32077206, "pmcid": "PMC7168532", "title": "Novel coronavirus 2019, an emerging public health emergency.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Ward, Michael P", "Li, Xiangdong", "Tian, Kegong"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077206", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531001, "title": "Challenges of pancreatic cancer chemotherapy in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Gastrointestin Liver Dis", "authors": ["Vidra, Radu", "Bodea, Raluca", "Mercea, Voicu", "Nemes, Adina"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531001", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319041, "pmcid": "PMC7173777", "title": "The Effect of COVID-19 on Youth Mental Health.", "journal": "Psychiatr Q", "authors": ["Liang, Leilei", "Ren, Hui", "Cao, Ruilin", "Hu, Yueyang", "Qin, Zeying", "Li, Chuanen", "Mei, Songli"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319041", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purposes of this study was to assess the youth mental health after the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) occurred in China two weeks later, and to investigate factors of mental health among youth groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted two weeks after the occurrence of COVID-19 in China. A total of 584 youth enrolled in this study and completed the question about cognitive status of COVID-19, the General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12), the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the Negative coping styles scale. Univariate analysis and univariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on youth mental health. The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that nearly 40.4% the sampled youth were found to be prone to psychological problems and 14.4% the sampled youth with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Univariate logistic regression revealed that youth mental health was significantly related to being less educated (OR\u2009=\u20098.71, 95%CI:1.97-38.43), being the enterprise employee (OR\u2009=\u20092.36, 95%CI:1.09-5.09), suffering from the PTSD symptom\u00a0(OR\u2009=\u20091.05, 95%CI:1.03-1.07) and using negative coping styles\u00a0(OR\u2009=\u20091.03, 95%CI:1.00-1.07). Results of this study suggest that nearly 40.4% of the youth group had a tendency to have psychological problems. Thus, this was a remarkable evidence that infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, may have an immense influence on youth mental health. Therefor, local governments should develop effective psychological interventions for youth groups, moreover, it is important to consider the educational level and occupation of the youth during the interventions."}, {"pmid": 32173110, "pmcid": "PMC7270792", "title": "A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Crit Care", "authors": ["Cortegiani, Andrea", "Ingoglia, Giulia", "Ippolito, Mariachiara", "Giarratano, Antonino", "Einav, Sharon"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173110", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a public health emergency of international concern. As of this time, there is no known effective pharmaceutical treatment, although it is much needed for patient contracting the severe form of the disease. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence regarding chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. PubMed, EMBASE, and three trial Registries were searched for studies on the use of chloroquine in patients with COVID-19. We included six articles (one narrative letter, one in-vitro study, one editorial, expert consensus paper, two national guideline documents) and 23 ongoing clinical trials in China. Chloroquine seems to be effective in limiting the replication of SARS-CoV-2 (virus causing COVID-19) in vitro. There is rationale, pre-clinical evidence of effectiveness and evidence of safety from long-time clinical use for other indications to justify clinical research on chloroquine in patients with COVID-19. However, clinical use should either adhere to the Monitored Emergency Use of Unregistered Interventions (MEURI) framework or be ethically approved as a trial as stated by the World Health Organization. Safety data and data from high-quality clinical trials are urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32297915, "pmcid": "PMC7184408", "title": "Comment of the potential risks of sexual and vertical transmission of Covid-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Scorzolini, Laura", "Corpolongo, Angela", "Castilletti, Concetta", "Lalle, Eleonora", "Mariano, Andrea", "Nicastri, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297915", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380220, "pmcid": "PMC7198184", "title": "Invited Commentary on the letter \"The COVID-19 crisis: A unique opportunity to expand dermatology to underserved populations.\"", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Kovarik, Carrie", "Lee, Ivy", "Tejasvi, Trilokraj", "Lipoff, Jules B"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380220", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427600, "pmcid": "PMC7268832", "title": "Interpreting the COVID-19 Test Results: a Guide for Physiatrists.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Chang, Min Cheol", "Hur, Jian", "Park, Donghwi"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427600", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235923, "title": "How the coronavirus pandemic is affecting the world's biggest physics experiments.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Castelvecchi, Davide"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235923", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495288, "pmcid": "PMC7269685", "title": "Linking key intervention timings to rapid declining effective reproduction number to quantify lessons against COVID-19.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Peng, Zhihang", "Song, Wenyu", "Ding, Zhongxing", "Guan, Quanquan", "Yang, Xu", "Xu, Qiaoqiao", "Wang, Xu", "Xia, Yankai"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495288", "countries": ["Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Japan", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently under a global pandemic trend. The efficiency of containment measures and epidemic tendency of typical countries should be assessed. In this study, the efficiency of prevention and control measures in China, Italy, Iran, South Korea, and Japan was assessed, and the COVID-19 epidemic tendency among these countries was compared. Results showed that the effective reproduction number(Re) in Wuhan, China increased almost exponentially, reaching a maximum of 3.98 before a lockdown and rapidly decreased to below 1 due to containment and mitigation strategies of the Chinese government. The Re in Italy declined at a slower pace than that in China after the implementation of prevention and control measures. The Re in Iran showed a certain decline after the establishment of a national epidemic control command, and an evident stationary phase occurred because the best window period for the prevention and control of the epidemic was missed. The epidemic in Japan and South Korea reoccurred several times with the Re fluctuating greatly. The epidemic has hardly rebounded in China due to the implementation of prevention and control strategies and the effective enforcement of policies. Other countries suffering from the epidemic could learn from the Chinese experience in containing COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32497467, "title": "\"We are Alone in This Battle\": A Framework for a Coordinated Response to COVID-19 in Nursing Homes.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Behrens, Liza L", "Naylor, Mary D"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497467", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of May 2020, nursing home residents account for a staggering one-third of the more than 80,000 deaths due to COVID-19 in the U.S. This pandemic has resulted in unprecedented threats to achieving and sustaining care quality even in the best nursing homes, requiring active engagement of nursing home leaders in developing solutions responsive to the unprecedented threats to quality standards of care delivery during the pandemic. This perspective offers a framework, designed with the input of nursing home leaders, to facilitate internal and external decision-making and collective action to address these threats. Policy options focus on assuring a shared understanding among nursing home leaders and government agencies of changes in the operational status of nursing homes throughout the crisis, improving access to additional essential resources needed to mitigate the crisis' impact, and promoting shared accountability for consistently achieving accepted standards in core quality domains."}, {"pmid": 32273283, "title": "Covid-19: Antibody tests will not be rolled out in UK until at least May, MPs hear.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273283", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32197274, "pmcid": "PMC7165578", "title": "COVID-19: Vulnerability and the power of privilege in a pandemic.", "journal": "Health Promot J Austr", "authors": ["Smith, James A", "Judd, Jenni"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197274", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441548, "title": "Unpredictable Fall of Severe Emergent Cardiovascular Diseases Hospital Admissions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience of a Single Large Center in Northern Italy.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Toniolo, Mauro", "Negri, Francesco", "Antonutti, Marco", "Mase, Marco", "Facchin, Domenico"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441548", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BackgroundNorthern-Italy is one of the epicenters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) pandemic in Europe. The impact of the pandemic and the consequent lockdown on medical emergencies other than those SARS-CoV2 related is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiologic impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic on hospital admission for severe emergent cardiovascular diseases (SECDs) in a single Northern Italy large tertiary referral center. Methods and Results We quantified SECDs admissions to the Cardiology Division of Udine University Hospital between March 1st 2020 and March 31st 2020 and compared to those of the same time frame during 2019. Compared to March 2019, we observed a significant reduction in all SECDs admissions: -30% for ST segment elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (STE-ACS), -66% for Non STE-ACS and -50% for severe bradyarrhythmia. Conclusions A significant decrease in all SECDs admissions has been observed during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic and was unlikely caused by a reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Fear of contagion may have contributed to the unpredictable drop of SECDs. Social education about early recognition of symptoms of life-threatening cardiac conditions requiring appropriate care in a timely fashion may help to reduce this counter-productive phenomenon."}, {"pmid": 32441666, "title": "Dynamic profile and clinical implications of hematological parameters in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Ding, Xiurong", "Yu, Yanhua", "Lu, Bichao", "Huo, Jianbo", "Chen, Ming", "Kang, Yanfang", "Lou, Jinli", "Liu, Zhizhong"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441666", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives As people across the world suffer from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), further studies are needed to facilitate evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 patients. In the study, we aimed to dissect the dynamic profile and clinical implications of hematological findings in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the hematological findings of 72 patients with COVID-19 admitted from January 21 to February 17, 2020. The final date of follow-up was March 20, 2020. Dynamic profile of vital hematological parameters in severe and non-severe patients was presented at different time points (day 1, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 after admission), and the correlation of hematological parameters with hospitalization time was indicated. Results Of 72 patients with COVID-19, lymphopenia and leukopenia occurred in 39 (54.2%) and 20 (27.8%) patients with COVID-19, respectively. Fifteen (20.8%) patients were defined as severe cases and 57 (79.2%) were non-severe cases. Compared to non-severe patients, leukocyte count, neutrophil count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly higher, whereas lymphocyte count was declined in severe patients at each time point. A growing trend in platelet count was found in non-severe patients over the follow-up period. In addition, a positive correlation of NLR with hospitalization time was detected from day 5 after admission. Conclusions Dynamic changes in vital hematological parameters from severe and non-severe patients had been characterized in the course of hospitalization. During hospitalization, NLR was found to have certain relevance to the hospitalization days and a role in forecasting disease prognosis for patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32448746, "pmcid": "PMC7188651", "title": "COVID 19 crisis: Maintaining brachytherapy access and strategies for risk mitigation.", "journal": "Brachytherapy", "authors": ["Petereit, Daniel G"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32254064, "pmcid": "PMC7259988", "title": "Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Bloch, Evan M", "Shoham, Shmuel", "Casadevall, Arturo", "Sachais, Bruce S", "Shaz, Beth", "Winters, Jeffrey L", "van Buskirk, Camille", "Grossman, Brenda J", "Joyner, Michael", "Henderson, Jeffrey P", "Pekosz, Andrew", "Lau, Bryan", "Wesolowski, Amy", "Katz, Louis", "Shan, Hua", "Auwaerter, Paul G", "Thomas, David", "Sullivan, David J", "Paneth, Nigel", "Gehrie, Eric", "Spitalnik, Steven", "Hod, Eldad A", "Pollack, Lewis", "Nicholson, Wayne T", "Pirofski, Liise-Anne", "Bailey, Jeffrey A", "Tobian, Aaron Ar"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32254064", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spurred a global health crisis. To date, there are no proven options for prophylaxis for those who have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, nor therapy for those who develop COVID-19. Immune (i.e., \"convalescent\") plasma refers to plasma that is collected from individuals following resolution of infection and development of antibodies. Passive antibody administration through transfusion of convalescent plasma may offer the only short-term strategy for conferring immediate immunity to susceptible individuals. There are numerous examples in which convalescent plasma has been used successfully as postexposure prophylaxis and/or treatment of infectious diseases, including other outbreaks of coronaviruses (e.g., SARS-1, Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS]). Convalescent plasma has also been used in the COVID-19 pandemic; limited data from China suggest clinical benefit, including radiological resolution, reduction in viral loads, and improved survival. Globally, blood centers have robust infrastructure for undertaking collections and constructing inventories of convalescent plasma to meet the growing demand. Nonetheless, there are nuanced challenges, both regulatory and logistical, spanning donor eligibility, donor recruitment, collections, and transfusion itself. Data from rigorously controlled clinical trials of convalescent plasma are also few, underscoring the need to evaluate its use objectively for a range of indications (e.g., prevention vs. treatment) and patient populations (e.g., age, comorbid disease). We provide an overview of convalescent plasma, including evidence of benefit, regulatory considerations, logistical work flow, and proposed clinical trials, as scale-up is brought underway to mobilize this critical resource."}, {"pmid": 32371744, "pmcid": "PMC7219828", "title": "Falsely low fibrinogen levels in COVID-19 patients on direct thrombin inhibitors.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Maier, Cheryl L", "Barker, Nicholas A", "Sniecinski, Roman M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371744", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373789, "pmcid": "PMC7197305", "title": "Awake tracheal intubation in a suspected COVID-19 patient with critical airway obstruction.", "journal": "Anaesth Rep", "authors": ["Ahmad, I", "Wade, S", "Langdon, A", "Chamarette, H", "Walsh, M", "Surda, P"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373789", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the airway management of a patient with suspected COVID-19 with impending airway obstruction requiring urgent surgical tracheostomy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an awake tracheal intubation in a suspected COVID-19-positive patient. Various modifications were put in place during the awake tracheal intubation and surgical tracheostomy procedures to minimise aerosol generation from the patient, such as avoiding high-flow nasal oxygen, establishing conscious sedation with remifentanil before commencing airway topicalisation and avoiding transtracheal local anaesthetic infiltration. A multidisciplinary team discussion before performing the case highlighted aspects of both the airway management and the surgical procedure where particular care and modifications are required. There is a lack of national and international guidance for awake tracheal intubation and tracheostomy in COVID-19 cases. This report nevertheless addresses the key procedural modifications required."}, {"pmid": 32425880, "pmcid": "PMC7205014", "title": "Urgent Measures for the Containment of the Coronavirus (Covid-19) Epidemic in the Neurorehabilitation/Rehabilitation Departments in the Phase of Maximum Expansion of the Epidemic.", "journal": "Front Neurol", "authors": ["Bartolo, Michelangelo", "Intiso, Domenico", "Lentino, Carmelo", "Sandrini, Giorgio", "Paolucci, Stefano", "Zampolini, Mauro"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425880", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has rapidly become a pandemic emergency, distressing health systems in each affected country. COVID-19 determines the need for healthcare in a large number of people in an extremely short time and, like a tsunami wave, overruns emergency, infectious diseases, and pneumology departments as well as intensive care units, choking healthcare services. Rehabilitation services are also affected by this epidemic which forces radical changes both in the organization and in the operating methods. In the absence of reference literature on this issue, this report aims to provide a background documentation to support physicians and healthcare personnel involved in neurorehabilitation and rehabilitation care."}, {"pmid": 32526092, "title": "Thromboprophylaxis in a patient with COVID-19 and severe hemophilia A on emicizumab prophylaxis.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Rivas-Pollmar, Maria Isabel", "Alvarez-Roman, Maria Teresa", "Butta-Coll, Nora V", "Martin Salces, Monica", "Garcia-Barcenilla, Sara", "Jimenez-Yuste, Victor"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526092", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 can be associated with coagulopathy (CAC, COVID-19-associated coagulopathy) with a high prothrombotic risk based on an intense inflammatory response to viral infection leading to immunothrombosis through different procoagulant pathways[1]. Emerging evidence suggests that the use of heparin in these patients could be associated with lower mortality[2]."}, {"pmid": 32423582, "pmcid": "PMC7190297", "title": "Preventing major outbreaks of COVID-19 in jails.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Okano, Justin T", "Blower, Sally"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423582", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384921, "pmcid": "PMC7209763", "title": "Avoiding hospital-related infections during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Ye, Jiarong", "Yang, Liqi", "Xi, Xiaotu", "Lin, Xinghua", "He, Deping", "Wang, Weiliang"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384921", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415585, "pmcid": "PMC7227176", "title": "Chest CT for detecting COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Xu, Buyun", "Xing, Yangbo", "Peng, Jiahao", "Zheng, Zhaohai", "Tang, Weiliang", "Sun, Yong", "Xu, Chao", "Peng, Fang"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415585", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this article was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the diagnostic test accuracy of chest CT for detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched up to March 12, 2020. We included studies providing information regarding diagnostic test accuracy of chest CT for COVID-19 detection. The methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Sensitivity and specificity were pooled. Sixteen studies (n\u2009=\u20093186 patients) were included. The risks of bias in all studies were moderate in general. Pooled sensitivity was 92% (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a086-96%), and two studies reported specificity (25% [95% CI\u00a0=\u00a022-30%] and 33% [95% CI\u00a0=\u00a023-44%], respectively). There was substantial heterogeneity according to Cochran's Q test (p\u00a0<\u20090.01) and Higgins I2 heterogeneity index (96% for sensitivity). After dividing the studies into two groups based on the study site, we found that the sensitivity of chest CT was great in Wuhan (the most affected city by the epidemic) and the sensitivity values were very close to each other (97%, 96%, and 99%, respectively). In the regions other than Wuhan, the sensitivity varied from 61 to 98%. Chest CT offers the great sensitivity for detecting COVID-19, especially in a region with severe epidemic situation. However, the specificity is low. In the context of emergency disease control, chest CT provides a fast, convenient, and effective method to early recognize suspicious cases and might contribute to confine epidemic. \u2022 Chest CT has a high sensitivity for detecting COVID-19, especially in a region with severe epidemic, which is helpful to early recognize suspicious cases and might contribute to confine epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32061313, "pmcid": "PMC7138015", "title": "COVID-19: what is next for public health?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Heymann, David L", "Shindo, Nahoko"], "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061313", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32173256, "pmcid": "PMC7102632", "title": "SARS Coronavirus Redux.", "journal": "Trends Immunol", "authors": ["Qing, Enya", "Gallagher, Tom"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173256", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As an atypical pneumonia began to appear in December 2019, Zhou et al. worked with remarkable speed to identify the associated virus, determine its relationship to animal viruses, and evaluate factors conferring infection susceptibility and resistance. These foundational results are being advanced to control the current worldwide human coronavirus epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32510289, "title": "The Demographics and Economics of Direct Care Staff Highlight Their Vulnerabilities Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Almeida, Beth", "Cohen, Marc A", "Stone, Robyn I", "Weller, Christian E"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510289", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An estimated 3.5 million direct care staff working in facilities and people's homes play a critical role during the COVID-19 pandemic. They allow vulnerable care recipients to stay at home and they provide necessary help in facilities. Direct care staff, on average, have decades of experience, often have certifications and licenses, and many have at least some college education to help them perform the myriad of responsibilities to properly care for care recipients. Yet, they are at heightened health and financial risks. They often receive low wages, limited benefits, and have few financial resources to fall back on when they get sick themselves and can no longer work. Furthermore, most direct care staff are parents with children in the house and almost one-fourth are single parents. If they fall ill, both they and their families are put into physical and financial risk."}, {"pmid": 32503850, "title": "Response to: 'COVID-19 pandemic: an opportunity to assess the utility of telemedicine in patients with rheumatic diseases' by Lopez-Medina et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Bozzalla Cassione, Emanuele", "Zanframundo, Giovanni", "Biglia, Alessandro", "Codullo, Veronica", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio", "Cavagna, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503850", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378373, "pmcid": "PMC7230425", "title": "A publishing pandemic during the COVID-19 pandemic: how challenging can it become?", "journal": "Croat Med J", "authors": ["Skoric, Lea", "Glasnovic, Anton", "Petrak, Jelka"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378373", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423609, "pmcid": "PMC7252067", "title": "Cardiac arrest in a COVID-19 patient after receiving succinylcholine for tracheal reintubation.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Sigurdsson, Theodor S", "Thornorvaldsson, Asgeir P", "Asgeirsdottir, Sigrun", "Sigvaldason, Kristinn"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423609", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32077901, "title": "COVID-19 in Singapore-Current Experience: Critical Global Issues That Require Attention and Action.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Wong, John E L", "Leo, Yee Sin", "Tan, Chorh Chuan"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077901", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32046137, "pmcid": "PMC7074281", "title": "Estimation of the Transmission Risk of the 2019-nCoV and Its Implication for Public Health Interventions.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Tang, Biao", "Wang, Xia", "Li, Qian", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Tang, Sanyi", "Xiao, Yanni", "Wu, Jianhong"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32046137", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of the first cases in Wuhan, China, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has been quickly spreading out to other provinces and neighboring countries. Estimation of the basic reproduction number by means of mathematical modeling can be helpful for determining the potential and severity of an outbreak and providing critical information for identifying the type of disease interventions and intensity. A deterministic compartmental model was devised based on the clinical progression of the disease, epidemiological status of the individuals, and intervention measures. The estimations based on likelihood and model analysis show that the control reproduction number may be as high as 6.47 (95% CI 5.71-7.23). Sensitivity analyses show that interventions, such as intensive contact tracing followed by quarantine and isolation, can effectively reduce the control reproduction number and transmission risk, with the effect of travel restriction adopted by Wuhan on 2019-nCoV infection in Beijing being almost equivalent to increasing quarantine by a 100 thousand baseline value. It is essential to assess how the expensive, resource-intensive measures implemented by the Chinese authorities can contribute to the prevention and control of the 2019-nCoV infection, and how long they should be maintained. Under the most restrictive measures, the outbreak is expected to peak within two weeks (since 23 January 2020) with a significant low peak value. With travel restriction (no imported exposed individuals to Beijing), the number of infected individuals in seven days will decrease by 91.14% in Beijing, compared with the scenario of no travel restriction."}, {"pmid": 32299806, "title": "Covid-19: Mental health consequences of pandemic need urgent research, paper advises.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299806", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234250, "pmcid": "PMC7270271", "title": "Spinal anaesthesia for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and possible transmission rates in anaesthetists: retrospective, single-centre, observational cohort study.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Zhong, Qi", "Liu, Yin Y", "Luo, Qiong", "Zou, Yu F", "Jiang, Hai X", "Li, Hui", "Zhang, Jing J", "Li, Zhen", "Yang, Xin", "Ma, Min", "Tang, Li J", "Chen, Ying Y", "Zheng, Feng", "Ke, Jian J", "Zhang, Zong Z"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234250", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The safety of performing spinal anaesthesia for both patients and anaesthetists alike in the presence of active infection with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear. Here, we report the clinical characteristics and outcomes for both patients with COVID-19 and the anaesthetists who provided their spinal anaesthesia. Forty-nine patients with radiologically confirmed COVID-19 for Caesarean section or lower-limb surgery undergoing spinal anaesthesia in Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, China participated in this retrospective study. Clinical characteristics and perioperative outcomes were recorded. For anaesthesiologists exposed to patients with COVID-19 by providing spinal anaesthesia, the level of personal protective equipment (PPE) used, clinical outcomes (pulmonary CT scans), and confirmed COVID-19 transmission rates (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) were reviewed. Forty-nine patients with COVID-19 requiring supplementary oxygen before surgery had spinal anaesthesia (ropivacaine 0.75%), chiefly for Caesarean section (45/49 [91%]). Spinal anaesthesia was not associated with cardiorespiratory compromise intraoperatively. No patients subsequently developed severe pneumonia. Of 44 anaesthetists, 37 (84.1%) provided spinal anaesthesia using Level 3 PPE. Coronavirus disease 2019 infection was subsequently confirmed by PCR in 5/44 (11.4%) anaesthetists. One (2.7%) of 37 anaesthetists who wore Level 3 PPE developed PCR-confirmed COVID-19 compared with 4/7 (57.1%) anaesthetists who had Level 1 protection in the operating theatre (relative risk reduction: 95.3% [95% confidence intervals: 63.7-99.4]; P<0.01). Spinal anaesthesia was delivered safely in patients with active COVID-19 infection, the majority of whom had Caesarean sections. Level 3 PPE appears to reduce the risk of transmission to anaesthetists who are exposed to mildly symptomatic surgical patients."}, {"pmid": 32517783, "title": "COVID-19: desperate times call for desperate measures.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["von During, Stephan", "Primmaz, Steve", "Bendjelid, Karim"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517783", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282982, "pmcid": "PMC7262146", "title": "Early impact of COVID-19 on transplant center practices and policies in the United States.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Boyarsky, Brian J", "Po-Yu Chiang, Teresa", "Werbel, William A", "Durand, Christine M", "Avery, Robin K", "Getsin, Samantha N", "Jackson, Kyle R", "Kernodle, Amber B", "Van Pilsum Rasmussen, Sarah E", "Massie, Allan B", "Segev, Dorry L", "Garonzik-Wang, Jacqueline M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282982", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a novel, rapidly changing pandemic: consequently, evidence-based recommendations in solid organ transplantation (SOT) remain challenging and unclear. To understand the impact on transplant activity across the United States, and center-level variation in testing, clinical practice, and policies, we conducted a national survey between March 24, 2020 and March 31, 2020 and linked responses to the COVID-19 incidence map. Response rate was a very high 79.3%, reflecting a strong national priority to better understand COVID-19. Complete suspension of live donor kidney transplantation was reported by 71.8% and live donor liver by 67.7%. While complete suspension of deceased donor transplantation was less frequent, some restrictions to deceased donor kidney transplantation were reported by 84.0% and deceased donor liver by 73.3%; more stringent restrictions were associated with higher regional incidence of COVID-19. Shortage of COVID-19 tests was reported by 42.5%. Respondents reported a total of 148 COVID-19 recipients from <1 to >10\u00a0years posttransplant: 69.6% were kidney recipients, and 25.0% were critically ill. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was used by 78.1% of respondents; azithromycin by 46.9%; tocilizumab by 31.3%, and remdesivir by 25.0%. There is wide heterogeneity in center-level response across the United States; ongoing national data collection, expert discussion, and clinical studies are critical to informing evidence-based practices."}, {"pmid": 32358932, "title": "COVID-19: Perspectives and Reflections from Africa.", "journal": "Afr J Reprod Health", "authors": ["Okonofua, Friday E", "Eimuhi, Karl E", "Omonkhua, Akhere A"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358932", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270574, "pmcid": "PMC7262035", "title": "Improving staff safety during tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Vargas, Maria", "Servillo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313188, "pmcid": "PMC7167535", "title": "Nutrition amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-level framework for action.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Naja, Farah", "Hamadeh, Rena"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313188", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521584, "title": "Rethinking the early intubation paradigm of COVID-19: time to change gears?", "journal": "Clin Exp Emerg Med", "authors": ["Rola, Philippe", "Farkas, Joshua", "Spiegel, Rory", "Kyle-Sidell, Cameron", "Weingart, Scott", "Duggan, Laura", "Garrone, Marco", "Thomas, Adam"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521584", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508306, "title": "Pertinence of Telehealth in a Rush Conversion to Virtual Allergy Practice during the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Perez, R", "Sanchez-Machin, I", "Poza-Guedes, P", "Matheu, V", "Alava-Cruz, C", "Mederos Luis, E"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463284, "title": "Stress and cognitive functioning during a pandemic: Thoughts from stress researchers.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Boals, Adriel", "Banks, Jonathan B"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463284", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this commentary we discuss a downstream consequence of increases in stress and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress and anxiety can lead to mind wandering, which in turn competes for limited cognitive resources. We encourage researchers to be understanding and patient concerning the inevitable cognitive impact of the pandemic and subsequent reduced productivity levels from our students, colleagues, and ourselves. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32516766, "title": "The Crucial Role of Nurses and Social Workers in Initiating End-of-Life Communication to Reduce Overtreatment in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Gerontology", "authors": ["Raftery, Chris", "Lewis, Ebony", "Cardona, Magnolia"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The large scale and rapid spread of the current COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way hospitals and other health services operate. Opportunities for patient-centered decision-making at the end of life are being jeopardized by a scarcity of health system resources. In response, the traditional doctor-initiated advanced care planning (ACP) for critical illness may also need to be readjusted. We propose nurse-led and allied health-led ACP discussions to ensure patient and family inclusion and understanding of the disease prognosis, prevention of overtreatment, and potential outcomes in crisis times. We highlight known barriers and list enablers, long-term and short-term opportunities to assist in the culture change."}, {"pmid": 32336578, "pmcid": "PMC7165279", "title": "Could telehealth help eye care practitioners adapt contact lens services during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Cont Lens Anterior Eye", "authors": ["Nagra, Manbir", "Vianya-Estopa, Marta", "Wolffsohn, James S"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336578", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated government-imposed restrictions on social interactions and travel. For many, the guidance has led to new ways of working, most notably a shift towards working remotely. While eye care practitioners (ECPs) may continue to provide urgent or emergency eye care, in many cases the travel restrictions present a unique challenge by preventing conventional face-to-face examination. Telephone triage provides a useful starting point for establishing at-risk and emergency patients; but patient examination is central to contact lens patient care. The indeterminate period over which conventional practice will be suspended, and the risk that resumption of 'normal' practice could be impeded by a potential secondary peak in COVID-19 cases, hastens the need for practitioners to adapt their delivery of eyecare. Specifically, it is prudent to reflect upon supportive evidence for more comprehensive approaches to teleoptometry in contact lens practice. Smartphone based ocular imaging is an area which has seen considerable growth, particularly for imaging the posterior eye. Smartphone imaging of the anterior eye requires additional specialised instrumentation unlikely to be available to patients at home. Further, there is only limited evidence for self-administered image capture. In general, digital photographs, are useful for detection of gross anterior eye changes, but subtle changes are less discernible. For the assessment of visual acuity, many electronic test charts have been validated for use by practitioners. Research into self-administered visual acuity measures remains limited. The absence of a comprehensive evidence base for teleoptometry limits ECPs, particularly during this pandemic. Knowledge gaps ought to be addressed to facilitate development of optometry specific evidence-based guidance for telecare. In particular, advances in ocular self-imaging could help move this field forwards."}, {"pmid": 32419712, "pmcid": "PMC7225698", "title": "COVID-19 and Dysfunctional Endothelium: The Mexican Scenario.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Alvarado-Moreno, Jose Antonio", "Majluf-Cruz, Abraham"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419712", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32079150, "pmcid": "PMC7074197", "title": "Incubation Period and Other Epidemiological Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infections with Right Truncation: A Statistical Analysis of Publicly Available Case Data.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Linton, Natalie M", "Kobayashi, Tetsuro", "Yang, Yichi", "Hayashi, Katsuma", "Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R", "Jung, Sung-Mok", "Yuan, Baoyin", "Kinoshita, Ryo", "Nishiura, Hiroshi"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32079150", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The geographic spread of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infections from the epicenter of Wuhan, China, has provided an opportunity to study the natural history of the recently emerged virus. Using publicly available event-date data from the ongoing epidemic, the present study investigated the incubation period and other time intervals that govern the epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19 infections. Our results show that the incubation period falls within the range of 2-14 days with 95% confidence and has a mean of around 5 days when approximated using the best-fit lognormal distribution. The mean time from illness onset to hospital admission (for treatment and/or isolation) was estimated at 3-4 days without truncation and at 5-9 days when right truncated. Based on the 95th percentile estimate of the incubation period, we recommend that the length of quarantine should be at least 14 days. The median time delay of 13 days from illness onset to death (17 days with right truncation) should be considered when estimating the COVID-19 case fatality risk."}, {"pmid": 32075152, "pmcid": "PMC7074479", "title": "Real-Time Estimation of the Risk of Death from Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection: Inference Using Exported Cases.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Jung, Sung-Mok", "Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R", "Hayashi, Katsuma", "Linton, Natalie M", "Yang, Yichi", "Yuan, Baoyin", "Kobayashi, Tetsuro", "Kinoshita, Ryo", "Nishiura, Hiroshi"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32075152", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The exported cases of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection that were confirmed outside China provide an opportunity to estimate the cumulative incidence and confirmed case fatality risk (cCFR) in mainland China. Knowledge of the cCFR is critical to characterize the severity and understand the pandemic potential of COVID-19 in the early stage of the epidemic. Using the exponential growth rate of the incidence, the present study statistically estimated the cCFR and the basic reproduction number-the average number of secondary cases generated by a single primary case in a na\u00efve population. We modeled epidemic growth either from a single index case with illness onset on 8 December, 2019 (Scenario 1), or using the growth rate fitted along with the other parameters (Scenario 2) based on data from 20 exported cases reported by 24 January 2020. The cumulative incidence in China by 24 January was estimated at 6924 cases (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4885, 9211) and 19,289 cases (95% CI: 10,901, 30,158), respectively. The latest estimated values of the cCFR were 5.3% (95% CI: 3.5%, 7.5%) for Scenario 1 and 8.4% (95% CI: 5.3%, 12.3%) for Scenario 2. The basic reproduction number was estimated to be 2.1 (95% CI: 2.0, 2.2) and 3.2 (95% CI: 2.7, 3.7) for Scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. Based on these results, we argued that the current COVID-19 epidemic has a substantial potential for causing a pandemic. The proposed approach provides insights in early risk assessment using publicly available data."}, {"pmid": 32502134, "title": "Justification of the Safety and Efficacy of Angiotensin II for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-Induced Shock.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Chow, Jonathan H", "Mazzeffi, Michael A", "McCurdy, Michael T"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502134", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32290077, "pmcid": "PMC7232534", "title": "Molecular Mechanism of Evolution and Human Infection with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["He, Jiahua", "Tao, Huanyu", "Yan, Yumeng", "Huang, Sheng-You", "Xiao, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290077", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel coronavirus, which was later formally named the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a worldwide public health crisis. Previous studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 is highly homologous to SARS-CoV and infects humans through the binding of the spike protein to ACE2. Here, we have systematically studied the molecular mechanisms of human infection with SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV by protein-protein docking and MD simulations. It was found that SARS-CoV-2 binds ACE2 with a higher affinity than SARS-CoV, which may partly explain that SARS-CoV-2 is much more infectious than SARS-CoV. In addition, the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 has a significantly lower free energy than that of SARS-CoV, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 is more stable and may survive a higher temperature than SARS-CoV. This provides insights into the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 because SARS-like coronaviruses have originated in bats. Our computation also suggested that the RBD-ACE2 binding for SARS-CoV-2 is much more temperature-sensitive than that for SARS-CoV. Thus, it is expected that SARS-CoV-2 would decrease its infection ability much faster than SARS-CoV when the temperature rises. These findings would be beneficial for the disease prevention and drug/vaccine development of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32270743, "pmcid": "PMC7157944", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 19 and human pregnancy.", "journal": "Gynecol Endocrinol", "authors": ["Perez-Lopez, Faustino R", "Saviron-Cornudella, Ricardo", "Chedraui, Peter", "Genazzani, Andrea R"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270743", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317272, "title": "Tackling covid-19: are the costs worth the benefits?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Appleby, John"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317272", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438912, "pmcid": "PMC7242094", "title": "Africa's response to COVID-19.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Ihekweazu, Chikwe", "Agogo, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473229, "pmcid": "PMC7251349", "title": "Follow-up study on pulmonary function and radiological changes in critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zha, Lei", "Shen, Ya", "Pan, Lingling", "Han, Mingfeng", "Yang, Gang", "Teng, Xiaobao", "Tefsen, Boris"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473229", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324252, "pmcid": "PMC7264786", "title": "Lifestyle behaviours during the COVID-19 - time to connect.", "journal": "Acta Psychiatr Scand", "authors": ["Balanza-Martinez, V", "Atienza-Carbonell, B", "Kapczinski, F", "De Boni, R B"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324252", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406220, "title": "Tough times call for rapid techniques: combating the novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Yasmin, Farah", "Ochani, Rohan K", "Batra, Simran"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406220", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500379, "pmcid": "PMC7271958", "title": "COVID-19 and heme oxygenase: novel insight into the disease and potential therapies.", "journal": "Cell Stress Chaperones", "authors": ["Hooper, Philip L"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500379", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic needs therapies that are presently available and safe. We propose that subjects with metabolic syndrome, old age, and male gender have the greatest morbidity and mortality and have low stress proteins, in particular, low intracellular heme oxygenase (HO-1), making them particularly vulnerable to the disease. Additionally, COVID-19's heme reduction may contribute to even lower HO-1. Low-grade inflammation associated with these risk factors contributes to triggering a cytokine storm that spreads to multi-organ failure and near death. The high mortality of those treated with ventilator assistance may partially be explained by ventilator-induced inflammation. The cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of HO-1 can limit the infection's damage. A paradox of COVID-19 hospital admissions data suggests that fewer cigarette-smokers are admitted compared with non-smokers in the general population. This unexpected observation may result from smoke induction of HO-1. Therapies with anti-viral properties that raise HO-1 include certain anesthetics (sevoflurane or isoflurane), hemin, estrogen, statins, curcumin, resveratrol, and melatonin. Controlled trials of these HO-1 inducers should be done in order to prevent or treat COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32527286, "pmcid": "PMC7289223", "title": "COVID-19: opening a new paradigm in thromboprophylaxis for critically ill patients?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Ferrandis, Raquel", "Llau, Juan V", "Quintana, Manuel", "Sierra, Pilar", "Hidalgo, Francisco", "Cassinello, Concepcion", "Gomez-Luque, Aurelio"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527286", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32037389, "title": "Clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for four cases with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia receiving combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Wang, Zhenwei", "Chen, Xiaorong", "Lu, Yunfei", "Chen, Feifei", "Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-02-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32037389", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is continuously and rapidly circulating at present. No effective antiviral treatment has been verified thus far. We report here the clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for four patients with mild or severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. All the patients were given antiviral treatment including lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra\u00ae), arbidol, and Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SFJDC, a traditional Chinese medicine) and other necessary support care. After treatment, three patients gained significant improvement in pneumonia associated symptoms, two of whom were confirmed 2019-nCoV negative and discharged, and one of whom was virus negative at the first test. The remaining patient with severe pneumonia had shown signs of improvement by the cutoff date for data collection. Results obtained in the current study may provide clues for treatment of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. The efficacy of antiviral treatment including lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, and SFJDC warrants further verification in future study."}, {"pmid": 32179000, "pmcid": "PMC7270642", "title": "Long-Term Care Facilities and the Coronavirus Epidemic: Practical Guidelines for a Population at Highest Risk.", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Dosa, David", "Jump, Robin L P", "LaPlante, Kerry", "Gravenstein, Stefan"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179000", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495027, "pmcid": "PMC7266734", "title": "Hematological findings in coronavirus disease 2019: indications of progression of disease.", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Liu, Xiaoqing", "Zhang, Run", "He, Guangsheng"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495027", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new human infectious disease. The etiology for this outbreak is a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Thus far, related research on COVID-19 is still in preliminary stage. This paper summarized the latest outcomes of corresponding study from Chinese centers and clarified the hematopoietic abnormality caused by SARS-CoV-2 and potential mechanism. Lymphopenia was common in the early stage after the onset of COVID-19. A significant decrease was observed in peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. As the illness progressed, neutrophilia emerged in several cases, and patients with severe critical pulmonary conditions showed higher neutrophils than common type. Thrombocytopenia was resulting from the consumption and/or the reduced production of platelets in damaged lungs. Anemia was not observed notably, but the decrease in hemoglobin was frequent. The activation of monocyte-macrophage system aggravates the immune damage of lung and other tissues, which leads to the increase of D-dimer, prothrombin time, and platelet consumption."}, {"pmid": 32315802, "pmcid": "PMC7166018", "title": "The role of physical and rehabilitation medicine in the COVID-19 pandemic: the clinician's view.", "journal": "Ann Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Carda, Stefano", "Invernizzi, Marco", "Bavikatte, Ganesh", "Bensmail, Djamel", "Bianchi, Francesca", "Deltombe, Thierry", "Draulans, Nathalie", "Esquenazi, Alberto", "Francisco, Gerard E", "Gross, Raphael", "Jacinto, Luis Jorge", "Perez, Susana Moraleda", "O'Dell, Michael W", "Reebye, Rajiv", "Verduzco-Gutierrez, Monica", "Wissel, Jorg", "Molteni, Franco"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315802", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32153144, "pmcid": "PMC7113449", "title": "COVID-19, A Clinical Syndrome Manifesting as Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Song, Young Goo", "Shin, Hyoung Shik"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32153144", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492778, "title": "Counteracting Physical Inactivity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence-Based Recommendations for Home-Based Exercise.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Schwendinger, Fabian", "Pocecco, Elena"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492778", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To reduce transmission of the coronavirus, from its initial outbreak in 2019 up to now, various safety measures have been enacted worldwide by the authorities that have likely led to reduced physical activity levels in the general population. This short communication aims to briefly outline the deteriorative consequences of physical inactivity on parameters of physical fitness and ultimately to highlight associated increases of cardiovascular disease risk and mortality. Finally, evidence-based practical recommendations for exercise that can be performed at home are introduced, to help avoid physical inactivity and therefore maintain or achieve good physical health."}, {"pmid": 32527868, "title": "Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): a multicentre cohort.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Pouletty, Marie", "Borocco, Charlotte", "Ouldali, Naim", "Caseris, Marion", "Basmaci, Romain", "Lachaume, Noemie", "Bensaid, Philippe", "Pichard, Samia", "Kouider, Hanane", "Morelle, Guillaume", "Craiu, Irina", "Pondarre, Corinne", "Deho, Anna", "Maroni, Arielle", "Oualha, Mehdi", "Amoura, Zahir", "Haroche, Julien", "Chommeloux, Juliette", "Bajolle, Fanny", "Beyler, Constance", "Bonacorsi, Stephane", "Carcelain, Guislaine", "Kone-Paut, Isabelle", "Bader-Meunier, Brigitte", "Faye, Albert", "Meinzer, Ulrich", "Galeotti, Caroline", "Melki, Isabelle"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527868", "countries": ["France", "Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current data suggest that COVID-19 is less frequent in children, with a milder course. However, over the past weeks, an increase in the number of children presenting to hospitals in the greater Paris region with a phenotype resembling Kawasaki disease (KD) has led to an alert by the French national health authorities. Multicentre compilation of patients with KD in Paris region since April 2020, associated with the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ('Kawa-COVID-19'). A historical cohort of 'classical' KD served as a comparator. Sixteen patients were included (sex ratio=1, median age 10 years IQR (4\u00b77 to 12.5)). SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 11 cases (69%), while a further five cases had documented recent contact with a quantitative PCR-positive individual (31%). Cardiac involvement included myocarditis in 44% (n=7). Factors prognostic for the development of severe disease (ie, requiring intensive care, n=7) were age over 5 years and ferritinaemia >1400\u2009\u00b5g/L. Only five patients (31%) were successfully treated with a single intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) infusion, while 10 patients (62%) required a second line of treatment. The Kawa-COVID-19 cohort differed from a comparator group of 'classical' KD by older age at onset 10 vs 2 years (p<0.0001), lower platelet count (188 vs 383\u2009G/L (p<0.0001)), a higher rate of myocarditis 7/16 vs 3/220 (p=0.0001) and resistance to first IVIg treatment 10/16 vs 45/220 (p=0.004). Kawa-COVID-19 likely represents a new systemic inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Further prospective international studies are necessary to confirm these findings and better understand the pathophysiology of Kawa-COVID-19. Trial registration number NCT02377245."}, {"pmid": 32502263, "title": "100 Days of COVID-19 Prevention and Control in China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhou, Lei", "Wu, Zunyou", "Li, Zhongjie", "Zhang, Yanping", "McGoogan, Jennifer M", "Li, Qun", "Dong, Xiaoping", "Ren, Ruiqi", "Feng, Luzhao", "Qi, Xiaopeng", "Xi, Jingjing", "Cui, Ying", "Tan, Wenjie", "Shi, Guoqing", "Wu, Guizhen", "Xu, Wenbo", "Wang, Xiaoqi", "Ma, Jiaqi", "Su, Xuemei", "Feng, Zijian", "Gao, George F"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502263", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of novel coronavirus diseases was first reported in China in late December 2019 and has been brought under control after some two months in China. However, it has become a global pandemic and the number of cases and deaths continues to increase outside of China. We describe the emergence of the pandemic, detail the first 100 days of China's response as a Phase 1 Containment followed by Phase 2 Containment strategy, and briefly highlight areas of focus for the future. Specific, simple, and pragmatic strategies used in China for risk assessment, prioritization, and deployment of resources are described. Details of implementation, at different risk levels, of the traditional public health interventions are shared. Involvement of society in mounting a whole country response and challenges experienced with logistics and supply chains are described. Finally, the methods China is employing to cautiously re-start social life and economic activity are outlined."}, {"pmid": 32267098, "pmcid": "PMC7262069", "title": "Digestive system involvement of novel coronavirus infection: Prevention and control infection from a gastroenterology perspective.", "journal": "J Dig Dis", "authors": ["Li, Lian Yong", "Wu, Wei", "Chen, Sheng", "Gu, Jian Wen", "Li, Xin Lou", "Song, Hai Jing", "Du, Feng", "Wang, Gang", "Zhong, Chang Qing", "Wang, Xiao Ying", "Chen, Yan", "Shah, Rushikesh", "Yang, He Ming", "Cai, Qiang"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267098", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An epidemic of an acute respiratory syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, now known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), beginning in December 2019, has attracted an intense amount of attention worldwide. As the natural history and variety of clinical presentations of this disease unfolds, extrapulmonary symptoms of COVID-19 have emerged, especially in the digestive system. While the respiratory mode of transmission is well known and is probably the principal mode of transmission of this disease, a possibility of the fecal-oral route of transmission has also emerged in various case series and clinical scenarios. In this review article, we summarize four different aspects in published studies to date: (a) gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19; (b) microbiological and virological investigations; (c) the role of fecal-oral transmission; and (d) prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the digestive endoscopy room. A timely understanding of the relationship between the disease and the digestive system and implementing effective preventive measures are of great importance for a favorable outcome of the disease and can help climnicians to mitigate further transmission by taking appropriate measures."}, {"pmid": 32513410, "title": "A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Gao, Ming", "Yang, Lihui", "Chen, Xuefu", "Deng, Yiyu", "Yang, Shifang", "Xu, Hanyi", "Chen, Zixing", "Gao, Xinglin"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513410", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the world. It is debatable whether asymptomatic COVID-19 virus carriers are contagious. We report here a case of the asymptomatic patient and present clinical characteristics of 455 contacts, which aims to study the infectivity of asymptomatic carriers. 455 contacts who were exposed to the asymptomatic COVID-19 virus carrier became the subjects of our research. They were divided into three groups: 35 patients, 196 family members and 224 hospital staffs. We extracted their epidemiological information, clinical records, auxiliary examination results and therapeutic schedules. The median contact time for patients was four days and that for family members was five days. Cardiovascular disease accounted for 25% among original diseases of patients. Apart from hospital staffs, both patients and family members were isolated medically. During the quarantine, seven patients plus one family member appeared new respiratory symptoms, where fever was the most common one. The blood counts in most contacts were within a normal range. All CT images showed no sign of COVID-19 infection. No severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections was detected in 455 contacts by nucleic acid test. In summary, all the 455 contacts were excluded from SARS-CoV-2 infection and we conclude that the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak."}, {"pmid": 32485859, "title": "Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Guo, Jing", "Feng, Xing Lin", "Wang, Xiao Hua", "van IJzendoorn, Marinus H"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485859", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic might lead to more mental health problems. However, few studies have examined sleep problems, depression, and posttraumatic symptoms among the general adult population during the COVID-19 outbreak, and little is known about coping behaviors. This survey was conducted online in China from February 1st to February 10th, 2020. Quota sampling was used to recruit 2993 Chinese citizens aged \u226518 years old. Mental health problems were assessed with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Exposure to COVID-19 was measured with questions about residence at outbreak, personal exposure, media exposure, and impact on livelihood. General coping style was measured by the brief Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Respondents were also asked 12 additional questions about COVID-19 specific coping behaviors. Direct exposure to COVID-19 instead of the specific location of (temporary) residence within or outside the epicenter (Wuhan) of the pandemic seems important (standardized beta: 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02-0.09). Less mental health problems were also associated with less intense exposure through the media (standardized beta: -0.07, 95% CI: -0.10--0.03). Perceived negative impact of the pandemic on livelihood showed a large effect size in predicting mental health problems (standardized beta: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10-0.19). More use of cognitive and prosocial coping behaviors were associated with less mental health problems (standardized beta: -0.30, 95% CI: -0.34--0.27). Our study suggests that the mental health consequences of the lockdown impact on livelihood should not be underestimated. Building on cognitive coping behaviors reappraisal or cognitive behavioral treatments may be most promising."}, {"pmid": 32307545, "pmcid": "PMC7188175", "title": "Negative impact of social media panic during the COVID-19 outbreak in India.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Kadam, Abhay B", "Atre, Sachin R"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307545", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387321, "pmcid": "PMC7204688", "title": "Psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Saccone, Gabriele", "Florio, Alessia", "Aiello, Federica", "Venturella, Roberta", "De Angelis, Maria Chiara", "Locci, Mariavittoria", "Bifulco, Giuseppe", "Zullo, Fulvio", "Di Spiezio Sardo, Attilio"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387321", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389696, "pmcid": "PMC7204728", "title": "Psychopathological responses and face mask restrictions during the COVID-19 outbreak: Results from a nationwide survey.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Szczesniak, Dorota", "Ciulkowicz, Marta", "Maciaszek, Julian", "Misiak, Blazej", "Luc, Dorota", "Wieczorek, Tomasz", "Witecka, Karolina-Fila", "Rymaszewska, Joanna"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389696", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307107, "pmcid": "PMC7135219", "title": "[French Society for Surgical Oncology (SFCO) guidelines for the management of surgical oncology in the pandemic context of COVID 19].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Classe, Jean-Marc", "Dolivet, Gilles", "Evrard, Serge", "Ferron, Gwenael", "Lecuru, Fabrice", "Leufflen, Lea", "Rivoire, Michel", "Sgarbura, Olivia"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307107", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520747, "title": "Digital technology for management of severe mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries.", "journal": "Curr Opin Psychiatry", "authors": ["Merchant, Rutvij", "Torous, John", "Rodriguez-Villa, Elena", "Naslund, John A"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520747", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasingly, digital technologies, especially mobile telecommunications and smartphone apps, are seen as a novel tool for managing severe mental disorders (SMDs) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is a need to identify best practices in the use of digital technologies to effectively reach, support, and manage care for patients living with SMDs. In this review, we summarize recent studies using digital technology to manage symptoms and support clinical care for this patient population and discuss new opportunities to advance digital psychiatry research and practice in LMICs. Studies evaluating digital interventions for clinical populations living with SMDs in LMICs are limited. Yet, across recent articles surveyed, digital technology appears to yield diverse benefits for this at-risk patient population. These benefits include improved medication adherence, appointment adherence, reduced instances of relapse, and fewer re-hospitalizations. Continued rigorous research evaluating effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of digital technologies in reaching, treating, and managing symptoms and supporting clinical care for patients with SMDs in LMICs is vital. The urgency for remote approaches for delivering specialized psychiatric care is particularly pronounced because of the immediate and long-term impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on access to in-person services. Future research should emphasize participatory approaches rooted in a process of codesign with target users, in order to achieve clinically effective remotely delivered digital mental health interventions."}, {"pmid": 32383626, "title": "RAAs inhibitors and outcome in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. A case series study.", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["Conversano, Andrea", "Melillo, Francesco", "Napolano, Antonio", "Fominskiy, Evgeny", "Spessot, Marzia", "Ciceri, Fabio", "Agricola, Eustachio"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383626", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "N/A."}, {"pmid": 32275855, "pmcid": "PMC7144619", "title": "Structural and Functional Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Using Human ACE2.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Wang, Qihui", "Zhang, Yanfang", "Wu, Lili", "Niu, Sheng", "Song, Chunli", "Zhang, Zengyuan", "Lu, Guangwen", "Qiao, Chengpeng", "Hu, Yu", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung", "Wang, Qisheng", "Zhou, Huan", "Yan, Jinghua", "Qi, Jianxun"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275855", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in China has caused significant public health concerns. Recently, ACE2 was reported as an entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we present the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2-CTD) spike (S) protein in complex with human ACE2 (hACE2), which reveals a hACE2-binding mode similar overall to that observed for SARS-CoV. However, atomic details at the binding interface demonstrate that key residue substitutions in SARS-CoV-2-CTD slightly strengthen the interaction and lead to higher affinity for receptor binding than SARS-RBD. Additionally, a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) against SARS-CoV-S1/receptor-binding domain (RBD) were unable to interact with the SARS-CoV-2\u00a0S protein, indicating notable differences in antigenicity between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. These findings shed light on the viral pathogenesis and provide important structural information regarding development of therapeutic countermeasures against the emerging virus."}, {"pmid": 32339717, "pmcid": "PMC7180352", "title": "Pulmonary thromboembolism in critical ill COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Scialpi, Michele", "Scialpi, Sara", "Piscioli, Irene", "Battista Scalera, Giovanni", "Longo, Fernando"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339717", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482591, "title": "Swine enteric alphacoronavirus (swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus): An update three years after its discovery.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Yang, Yong-Le", "Yu, Jia-Qi", "Huang, Yao-Wei"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482591", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Discovered in 2017, swine enteric alphacoronavirus (SeACoV), also known as swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) or porcine enteric alphacoronavirus (PEAV), is the fifth porcine CoV identified in diarrheal piglets. The presumed name \"SADS-CoV\" may not be appropriate since current studies have not provided strong evidence for high pathogenicity of the virus. SeACoV was the most recently recognized CoV of potential bat origin prior to the novel human severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2), associated with the pandemic CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although SeACoV is recognized as a regional epizootic virus currently, it possesses the most extensive cell species tropism in vitro among known CoVs. This review summarizes the emergence of SeACoV and updates the research progress made from 2017 to early 2020, mainly focusing on the etiology, epidemiology, evolutionary perspective, potential for interspecies transmission, pathogenesis and diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32419553, "title": "Management of covid-19: a practical guideline for maternal and newborn health care providers in Sub-Saharan Africa.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Ezenwa, B N", "Fajolu, I B", "Akinajo, O R", "Makwe, C C", "Oluwole, A A", "Akase, I E", "Afolabi, B B", "Ezeaka, V C"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419553", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a pandemic that is currently ravaging the world. Infection rate is steadily increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa. Pregnant women and their infants may suffer severe illnesses due to their lower immunity. This guideline prepares and equips clinicians working in the maternal and newborn sections in the sub-region to manage COVID-19 during pregnancy and childbirth."}, {"pmid": 32304509, "pmcid": "PMC7199766", "title": "COVID-19 in children: Current status.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Jeng, Mei-Jy"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304509", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged from China in December 2019. The outbreak further exploded in Europe and America in mid-March 2020 to become a global health emergency. We reviewed recent published articles and on-line open messages on SARS-CoV-2-positive infants and children younger than 20 years of age. Symptoms are usually less severe in children than in adults. Twelve critically or mortally ill children were found in the published or news reports before April 6, 2020. Vertical transmission from the mother to her fetus or neonate has not been proven definitively. However, six early-onset (<7 days) and 3 late-onset neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections were found in the literature. We also summarized the presentations and contact information of 24 SARS-CoV-2-positive children announced by the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. Early identification and isolation, adequate management, prevention, and vaccine development are the keys to controlling the disease spread. Clinical physicians should be alert to asymptomatic children with COVID-19. Multi-directional investigations are crucial in the global fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32294339, "pmcid": "PMC7179967", "title": "Neurologic Features in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Helms, Julie", "Kremer, Stephane", "Merdji, Hamid", "Clere-Jehl, Raphael", "Schenck, Malika", "Kummerlen, Christine", "Collange, Olivier", "Boulay, Clotilde", "Fafi-Kremer, Samira", "Ohana, Mickael", "Anheim, Mathieu", "Meziani, Ferhat"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294339", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32134681, "title": "CT Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia in 62 Patients in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Zhou, Shuchang", "Wang, Yujin", "Zhu, Tingting", "Xia, Liming"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32134681", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to investigate 62 subjects in Wuhan, China, with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia and describe the CT features of this epidemic disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A retrospective study of 62 consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia was performed. CT images and clinical data were reviewed. Two thoracic radiologists evaluated the distribution and CT signs of the lesions and also scored the extent of involvement of the CT signs. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare lesion distribution and CT scores. The chi-square test was used to compare the CT signs of early-phase versus advanced-phase COVID-19 pneumonia. RESULTS. A total of 62 patients (39 men and 23 women; mean [\u00b1 SD] age, 52.8 \u00b1 12.2 years; range, 30-77 years) with COVID-19 pneumonia were evaluated. Twenty-four of 30 patients who underwent routine blood tests (80.0%) had a decreased lymphocyte count. Of 27 patients who had their erythrocyte sedimentation rate and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level assessed, 18 (66.7%) had an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and all 27 (100.0%) had an elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level. Multiple lesions were seen on the initial CT scan of 52 of 62 patients (83.9%). Forty-eight of 62 patients (77.4%) had predominantly peripheral distribution of lesions. The mean CT score for the upper zone (3.0 \u00b1 3.4) was significantly lower than that for the middle (4.5 \u00b1 3.8) and lower (4.5 \u00b1 3.7) zones (p = 0.022 and p = 0.020, respectively), and there was no significant difference in the mean CT score of the middle and lower zones (p = 1.00). The mean CT score for the anterior area (4.4 \u00b1 4.1) was significantly lower than that for the posterior area (7.7 \u00b1 6.3) (p = 0.003). CT findings for the patients were as follows: 25 patients (40.3%) had ground-glass opacities (GGO), 21 (33.9%), consolidation; 39 (62.9%), GGO plus a reticular pattern; 34 (54.8%), vacuolar sign; 28 (45.2%), microvascular dilation sign; 35 (56.5%), fibrotic streaks; 21 (33.9%), a subpleural line; and 33 (53.2%), a subpleural transparent line. With regard to bronchial changes seen on CT, 45 patients (72.6%) had air bronchogram, and 11 (17.7%) had bronchus distortion. In terms of pleural changes, CT showed that 30 patients (48.4%) had pleural thickening, 35 (56.5%) had pleural retraction sign, and six (9.7%) had pleural effusion. Compared with early-phase disease (\u2264 7 days after the onset of symptoms), advanced-phase disease (8-14 days after the onset of symptoms) was characterized by significantly increased frequencies of GGO plus a reticular pattern, vacuolar sign, fibrotic streaks, a subpleural line, a subpleural transparent line, air bronchogram, bronchus distortion, and pleural effusion; however, GGO significantly decreased in advanced-phase disease. CONCLUSION. CT examination of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia showed a mixed and diverse pattern with both lung parenchyma and the interstitium involved. Identification of GGO and a single lesion on the initial CT scan suggested early-phase disease. CT signs of aggravation and repair coexisted in advanced-phase disease. Lesions presented with a characteristic multifocal distribution in the middle and lower lung regions and in the posterior lung area. A decreased lymphocyte count and an increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level were the most common laboratory findings."}, {"pmid": 32212103, "pmcid": "PMC7095295", "title": "Practical considerations for performing regional anesthesia: lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lie, Sui An", "Wong, Sook Wai", "Wong, Loong Tat", "Wong, Theodore Gar Ling", "Chong, Shin Yuet"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212103", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 because of its rapid worldwide spread. In the operating room, as part of hospital outbreak response measures, anesthesiologists are required to have heightened precautions and tailor anesthetic practices to individual patients. In particular, by minimizing the many aerosol-generating procedures performed during general anesthesia, anesthesiologists can reduce exposure to patients' respiratory secretions and the risk of perioperative viral transmission to healthcare workers and other patients. To avoid any airway manipulation, regional anesthesia should be considered whenever surgery is planned for a suspect or confirmed COVID-19 patient or any patient who poses an infection risk. Regional anesthesia has benefits of preservation of respiratory function, avoidance of aerosolization and hence viral transmission. This article explores the practical considerations and recommended measures for performing regional anesthesia in this group of patients, focusing on control measures geared towards ensuring patient and staff safety, equipment protection, and infection prevention. By doing so, we hope to address an issue that may have downstream implications in the way we practice infection control in anesthesia, with particular relevance to this new era of emerging infectious diseases and novel pathogens. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not the first, and certainly will not be the last novel virus that will lead to worldwide outbreaks. Having a well thought out regional anesthesia plan to manage these patients in this new normal will ensure the best possible outcome for both the patient and the perioperative management team."}, {"pmid": 32414706, "title": "Covid-19: Rest and PPE reassurance are needed before NHS services can restart, MPs hear.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414706", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473097, "pmcid": "PMC7255197", "title": "The COVID-19 MS Coalition-accelerating diagnostics, prognostics, and treatment.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Struwe, Weston", "Emmott, Edward", "Bailey, Melanie", "Sharon, Michal", "Sinz, Andrea", "Corrales, Fernando J", "Thalassinos, Kostas", "Braybrook, Julian", "Mills, Clare", "Barran, Perdita"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473097", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324440, "title": "Response to: Safe Handling of Containers of Expressed Human Milk in all Settings During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic (Marinelli and Lawrence, 2020).", "journal": "J Hum Lact", "authors": ["Stellwagen, Lisa", "Chambers, Christina"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324440", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241815, "title": "Covid-19: Rules on sharing confidential patient information are relaxed in England.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241815", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447007, "pmcid": "PMC7240268", "title": "Severe air pollution links to higher mortality in COVID-19 patients: The \"double-hit\" hypothesis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Frontera, Antonio", "Cianfanelli, Lorenzo", "Vlachos, Konstantinos", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Cremona, George"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447007", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In areas of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak worldwide mean air pollutants concentrations vastly exceed the maximum limits. Chronic exposure to air pollutants have been associated with lung ACE-2 over-expression which is known to be the main receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between air pollutants concentration (PM 2.5 and NO2) and COVID-19 outbreak, in terms of transmission, number of patients, severity of presentation and number of deaths. COVID-19 cases, ICU admissions and mortality rate were correlated with severity of air pollution in the Italian regions. The highest number of COVID-19 cases were recorded in the most polluted regions with patients presenting with more severe forms of the disease requiring ICU admission. In these regions, mortality was two-fold higher than the other regions. From the data available we propose a \"double-hit hypothesis\": chronic exposure to PM 2.5 causes alveolar ACE-2 receptor overexpression. This may increase viral load in patients exposed to pollutants in turn depleting ACE-2 receptors and impairing host defences. High atmospheric NO2 may provide a second hit causing a severe form of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE-2 depleted lungs resulting in a worse outcome."}, {"pmid": 32475829, "title": "COVID-19: bringing out the best in anesthesiologists and looking toward the future.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["McCartney, Colin Jl", "Mariano, Edward R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475829", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425224, "pmcid": "PMC7231728", "title": "[SOLVING ONE OF THE PIECES OF THE PUZZLE: COVID-19 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Perez-Martinez, P", "Carrasco Sanchez, F J", "Carretero Gomez, J", "Gomez-Huelgas, R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425224", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic represents an enormous challenge. Given the considerable presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the current population, the pandemic is a health issue that requires an effort to provide better responses to our patients who are more vulnerable to the onset of infection and who are candidates for presenting more severe symptoms. This document attempts to address the relationship between COVID-19 infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus. To this end, we will briefly analyse whether the epidemiological data support this association and, subsequently, go in depth on the pathophysiological mechanisms that might connect the two diseases."}, {"pmid": 32512006, "title": "Use of Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: CHEST/AABIP/AIPPD: Expert Panel Report.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Lamb, Carla R", "Desai, Neeraj R", "Angel, Luis", "Chaddha, Udit", "Sachdeva, Ashutosh", "Sethi, Sonali", "Bencheqroun, Hassan", "Mehta, Hiren", "Akulian, Jason", "Argento, A Christine", "Diaz-Mendoza, Javier", "Musani, Ali", "Murgu, Septimiu"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512006", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic remains unknown. The goal of this consensus statement is to examine the current evidence for performing tracheostomy in patients with respiratory failure from COVID-19 and offer guidance to physicians on the preparation, timing and technique while minimizing the risk of infection to health care workers (HCW). A panel comprised of intensivists and interventional pulmonologists from three professional societies representing 13 institutions with experience in managing COVID-19 patients across a spectrum of healthcare environments developed key clinical questions addressing specific topics on tracheostomy in COVID-19. A systematic review of the literature and an established modified Delphi consensus methodology were applied to provide a reliable evidenced based consensus statement and expert panel report. Eight key questions, corresponding to 14 decision points, were rated by the panel. The results were aggregated, resulting in eight main recommendations and five additional remarks intended to guide health care providers in the decision-making process pertinent to tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19 related respiratory failure. This panel suggests performing tracheostomy in patients expected to require prolonged mechanical ventilation. A specific timing of tracheostomy cannot be recommended. There is no evidence for routine repeat RT- PCR testing in patients with confirmed Covid-19 evaluated for tracheostomy. To reduce the risk of infection in HCW, we recommend performing the procedure using techniques that minimize aerosolization while wearing enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE). The recommendations presented in this statement may change as more experience is gained during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32181911, "pmcid": "PMC7228247", "title": "Diagnostic utility of clinical laboratory data determinations for patients with the severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Gao, Yong", "Li, Tuantuan", "Han, Mingfeng", "Li, Xiuyong", "Wu, Dong", "Xu, Yuanhong", "Zhu, Yulin", "Liu, Yan", "Wang, Xiaowu", "Wang, Linding"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181911", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of clinical laboratory data in the differential diagnosis of the severe forms of COVID-19 has not been definitely established. The aim of this study was to look for the warning index in severe COVID-19 patients. We investigated 43 adult patients with COVID-19. The patients were classified into mild group (28 patients) and severe group (15 patients). A comparison of the hematological parameters between the mild and severe groups showed significant differences in interleukin-6 (IL-6), d-dimer (d-D), glucose, thrombin time, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein (P\u2009<\u2009.05). The optimal threshold and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) of IL-6 were 24.3 and 0.795\u2009\u00b5g/L, respectively, while those of d-D were 0.28 and 0.750\u2009\u00b5g/L, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of IL-6 combined with d-D was 0.840. The specificity of predicting the severity of COVID-19 during IL-6 and d-D tandem testing was up to 93.3%, while the sensitivity of IL-6 and d-D by parallel test in the severe COVID-19 was 96.4%. IL-6 and d-D were closely related to the occurrence of severe COVID-19 in the adult patients, and their combined detection had the highest specificity and sensitivity for early prediction of the severity of COVID-19 patients, which has important clinical value."}, {"pmid": 32108862, "pmcid": "PMC7112083", "title": "Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool for rapid identification and characterization of novel coronavirus genomes.", "journal": "Bioinformatics", "authors": ["Cleemput, Sara", "Dumon, Wim", "Fonseca, Vagner", "Abdool Karim, Wasim", "Giovanetti, Marta", "Alcantara, Luiz Carlos", "Deforche, Koen", "de Oliveira, Tulio"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108862", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Genome detective is a web-based, user-friendly software application to quickly and accurately assemble all known virus genomes from next-generation sequencing datasets. This application allows the identification of phylogenetic clusters and genotypes from assembled genomes in FASTA format. Since its release in 2019, we have produced a number of typing tools for emergent viruses that have caused large outbreaks, such as Zika and Yellow Fever Virus in Brazil. Here, we present the Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool that can accurately identify the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) sequences isolated in China and around the world. The tool can accept up to 2000 sequences per submission and the analysis of a new whole-genome sequence will take approximately 1 min. The tool has been tested and validated with hundreds of whole genomes from 10 coronavirus species, and correctly classified all of the SARS-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) and all of the available public data for SARS-CoV-2. The tool also allows tracking of new viral mutations as the outbreak expands globally, which may help to accelerate the development of novel diagnostics, drugs and vaccines to stop the COVID-19 disease. https://www.genomedetective.com/app/typingtool/cov. koen@emweb.be or deoliveira@ukzn.ac.za. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online."}, {"pmid": 32241022, "pmcid": "PMC7184332", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 is not detectable in the vaginal fluid of women with severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qiu, Lin", "Liu, Xia", "Xiao, Meng", "Xie, Jing", "Cao, Wei", "Liu, Zhengyin", "Morse, Abraham", "Xie, Yuhua", "Li, Taisheng", "Zhu, Lan"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241022", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) is mainly spread through respiratory droplets or direct contact. But the infection condition of genital system is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether or not SARS-CoV-2 is found in the vaginal fluid of women with COVID-19 illness. 10 women with confirmed severe COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to in Tongji Zhongfa Hospital Intensive care union(ICU) ward from Feb 4, 2020 to Feb 24, 2020 were included. Clinical records, laboratory results, and computer tomography(CT)-scan examination were retrospectively reviewed. The evidence of genital infection potential was accessed by testing for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in vaginal fluids obtained from vaginal swab samples. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to confirm the SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaginal fluids. The clinical characteristics of these ten women were similar to those reported severe COVID-19 patients. All ten patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 in vaginal fluid, and all samples tested negative for the virus. Findings from this small group of cases suggest that no SARS-CoV-2 virus existing in the vaginal fluids of severe COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32358974, "pmcid": "PMC7267500", "title": "Use of transparent curtains on bedside of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Gupta, S", "Gupta, S", "Gujrathi, A V"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358974", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270938, "title": "[Covid-19 diagnosis : clinical recommendations and performance of nasopharyngeal swab-PCR].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Kokkinakis, Ioannis", "Selby, Kevin", "Favrat, Bernard", "Genton, Blaise", "Cornuz, Jacques"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270938", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic imposes new diagnostic strategies in order to optimize the medical care of our patients. The current biblio-graphy, although of low quality, shows a sensitivity of 56 to 83\u2005% for the Covid-19 PCR. Even though one negative test can exclude a Covid-19 in the majority of cases, the NPV (Negative Predictive Value) decreases with increasing prevalence (pre-test probability). This finding suggests the need for strict auto-isolation of patients until the resolution of their symptoms. For patients that present with typical symptoms, who have a presumed Covid-19 prevalence of -40-50\u2005%, a negative test should be interpreted with caution and a repeat test may be needed."}, {"pmid": 32518077, "title": "Rammya Mathew: We must not be guided by bad science on covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mathew, Rammya"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518077", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403194, "pmcid": "PMC7273079", "title": "Safe performance of diagnostic bronchoscopy/EBUS during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Steinfort, Daniel P", "Herth, Felix J F", "Irving, Louis B", "Nguyen, Phan T"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is unprecedented in our professional lives and much effort and resources will be devoted to care of patients (and HCW) affected by this illness. We must also continue to aim for the same standard of care for our non-COVID respiratory patients, while minimizing risks of infection transmission to our colleagues. This commentary addresses the key paired issues of minimizing performance of diagnostic/staging bronchoscopy in patients with suspected/known lung cancer while maximizing the safety of the procedure with respect to HCW transmission of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32241308, "pmcid": "PMC7167487", "title": "Lessons learned from Korea: COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Moradi, Hazhir", "Vaezi, Atefeh"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241308", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299781, "pmcid": "PMC7102580", "title": "Precautions and Procedures for Coronary and Structural Cardiac Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance from Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Wood, David A", "Sathananthan, Janarthanan", "Gin, Ken", "Mansour, Samer", "Ly, Hung Q", "Quraishi, Ata-Ur-Rehman", "Lavoie, Andrea", "Lutchmedial, Sohrab", "Nosair, Mohamed", "Bagai, Akshay", "Bainey, Kevin R", "Boone, Robert H", "Liu, Shuangbo", "Krahn, Andrew", "Virani, Sean", "Mehta, Shamir R", "Natarajan, Madhu K", "Velianou, James L", "Dehghani, Payam", "Wijeysundera, Harindra C", "Asgar, Anita W", "Virani, Alice", "Welsh, Robert C", "Webb, John G", "Cohen, Eric A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299781", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The globe is currently in the midst of a COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. This pandemic has placed considerable stress on health care resources and providers. This document from the Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology- Association Canadienne de Cardiologie d'intervention, specifically addresses the implications for the care of patients in the cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. The key principles of this document are to maintain essential interventional cardiovascular care while minimizing risks of COVID-19 to patients and staff and maintaining the overall health care resources. As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, procedures will be increased or reduced based on the current level of restriction to health care services. Although some consistency across the country is desirable, provincial and regional considerations will influence how these recommendations are implemented. We believe the framework and recommendations in this document will provide crucial guidance for clinicians and policy makers on the management of coronary and structural procedures in the CCL as the COVID-19 pandemic escalates and eventually abates."}, {"pmid": 32356298, "title": "[Deaths in nine regions of Italy in February/March 2020: \"Mortality Excess Loupe\" for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19-Epidemiology in Germany].", "journal": "Gesundheitswesen", "authors": ["Morfeld, Peter", "Erren, Thomas C"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356298", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is particularly affected by SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Recently, Colombo and Impicciatore compared the deaths in 1084 selected municipalities between 21 February 2020 and 21 March 2020 with deaths in the same time period in 2015 to 2019. We extend analyses of data from the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and calculate SMRs for all causes of death in the nine selected regions of Italy, separately for men and women and summarized. We analyze the effect of covariables by Poisson modelling and discuss the limitations of the current elaborations. We conclude: In agreement with Colombo and Impicciatore, in the particular corona situation, this \"mortality excess loupe\" - assuming otherwise constant determinants of death - can be a virus-test-independent tool to determine mortality effects of SARS-CoV-2. The current \"loupe\" is focused on municipalities with increases of more than 20% deaths in March 2020 compared to the average deaths on the same days in 2015-2019. The time window of investigation could be opened before 21 February 2020 to detect masked increases in mortality before the first \"COVID-19 death\" was ascertained. The current \"loupe\" conveys pronounced mortality increases also in regions that were not considered to be corona hotspots. In this respect, even in the absence of representative virus test results, mortality data can be important indicators of the distribution or spread of a newly acting factor. Overall, it is advisable to carry out SMR analyses for Germany on a regular basis, differentiated by region, gender, age group and cause of death. Such analyses can contribute to the early detection and evaluation of the severity of a deadly pandemic (\"burden of disease\") as well as to monitoring the dynamic spread of a factor such as SARS-CoV-2. SMR analyses can also be used to assess and evaluate both desired and undesired effects of measures taken against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 - and possibly other epidemics or pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32265007, "pmcid": "PMC7140597", "title": "Whole genome and phylogenetic analysis of two SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated in Italy in January and February 2020: additional clues on multiple introductions and further circulation in Europe.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Stefanelli, Paola", "Faggioni, Giovanni", "Lo Presti, Alessandra", "Fiore, Stefano", "Marchi, Antonella", "Benedetti, Eleonora", "Fabiani, Concetta", "Anselmo, Anna", "Ciammaruconi, Andrea", "Fortunato, Antonella", "De Santis, Riccardo", "Fillo, Silvia", "Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria", "Gismondo, Maria Rita", "Ciervo, Alessandra", "Rezza, Giovanni", "Castrucci, Maria Rita", "Lista, Florigio", "On Behalf Of Iss Covid-Study Group"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265007", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Germany"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Whole genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 obtained from two patients, a Chinese tourist visiting Rome and an Italian, were compared with sequences from Europe and elsewhere. In a phylogenetic tree, the Italian patient's sequence clustered with sequences from Germany while the tourist's sequence clustered with other European sequences. Some additional European sequences in the tree segregated outside the two clusters containing the patients' sequences. This suggests multiple SARS-CoV-2 introductions in Europe or virus evolution during circulation."}, {"pmid": 32232976, "title": "CD-sACE2 inclusion compounds: An effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Pengfei", "Lu, Xiaosheng", "Xu, Chao", "Wang, Yanjin", "Sun, Wenjuan", "Xi, Jianing"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232976", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are common human viruses and include the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the SARS-CoV-2. Coronaviruses mainly bind to transmembrane receptor proteins on the human cell membrane through spike proteins (S-proteins), thus releasing the RNA of the virus into the interior of the host cell to cause an infection. In this article, we discuss the mechanism and production of cyclodextrin-soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (CD-sACE2) inclusion compounds in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections by blocking S-proteins. On the basis of the current research evidence, we believe that CD-sACE2 inclusion compounds have the potential to treat COVID-19. We hope that our article can provide a theoretical basis for later experiments."}, {"pmid": 32519326, "title": "Independent Correlates of Hospitalization in 2040 Patients with COVID-19 at a Large Hospital System in Michigan, United States.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Imam, Zaid", "Odish, Fadi", "Armstrong, Justin", "Elassar, Heba", "Dokter, Jonathan", "Langnas, Emily", "Halalau, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519326", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297593, "pmcid": "PMC7175786", "title": "The Role of YouTube and the Entertainment Industry in Saving Lives by Educating and Mobilizing the Public to Adopt Behaviors for Community Mitigation of COVID-19: Successive Sampling Design Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Basch, Charles E", "Basch, Corey H", "Hillyer, Grace C", "Jaime, Christie"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297593", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective community mitigation through voluntary behavior change is currently the best way to reduce mortality caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study builds on our prior study based on the scientific premise that YouTube is one of the most effective ways to communicate and mobilize the public in community mitigation to reduce exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Because of the rapidly changing nature of YouTube in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a follow-up study to document how coverage of preventive behaviors for effective community mitigation has changed. A successive sampling design was used to compare coverage of behaviors to mitigate community transmission of COVID-19 in the 100 most widely viewed YouTube videos in January 2020 and March 2020. Videos in the January and March samples were viewed >125 million times and >355 million times, respectively. Fewer than half of the videos in either sample covered any of the prevention behaviors recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, but many covered key prevention behaviors and were very widely viewed. There were no videos uploaded by entertainment television in the January sample, but this source comprised the majority of videos and garnered the majority of cumulative views in the March sample. This study demonstrates the incredible reach of YouTube and the potential value of partnership with the entertainment industry for communicating and mobilizing the public about community mitigation to reduce mortality from the COVID-19 viral pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32404258, "pmcid": "PMC7205660", "title": "Coronovirus infection as a novel delusional topic.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Ovejero, Santiago", "Baca-Garcia, Enrique", "Barrigon, Maria Luisa"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404258", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Delusional topics tend to rapidly incorporate popular hot topical issues. Thus, the current coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly reached delusional themes in patients with psychiatric disorders. Here we present the clinical case of a Spanish woman with bipolar disorder that included coronavirus infection in her delusional themes even faster than the real infection reached mainland Spain."}, {"pmid": 32371817, "pmcid": "PMC7236856", "title": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection: good or bad?", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Versmissen, Jorie", "Verdonk, Koen", "Lafeber, Melvin", "van den Akker, Johannes P C", "Hunfeld, Nicole G M", "Hoorn, Ewout J", "Danser, A H Jan"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371817", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386848, "pmcid": "PMC7189198", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 related healthcare crisis on treatments for patients with lysosomal storage disorders, the first Italian experience.", "journal": "Mol Genet Metab", "authors": ["Sechi, Annalisa", "Macor, Daniela", "Valent, Serena", "Da Riol, Rosalia Maria", "Zanatta, Manuela", "Spinelli, Alessandro", "Bianchi, Katja", "Bertossi, Nadia", "Dardis, Andrea", "Valent, Francesca", "Scarpa, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386848", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The direct and indirect effects of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, on Italian patients with lysosomal storage disorders receiving therapy, were analyzed by a phone questionnaire. No proved COVID-19 emerged among 102 interviewed. No problems were reported by patients receiving oral treatments. Forty-nine% of patients receiving enzyme replacement therapy in hospitals experienced disruptions, versus 6% of those home-treated. The main reasons of missed infusions were fear of infection (62.9%) and re-organization of the infusion centers (37%)."}, {"pmid": 32304212, "pmcid": "PMC7188153", "title": "Letter: Transmission of COVID-19 During Neurosurgical Procedures-Some Thoughts From the United Kingdom.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Jenkins, Alistair"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304212", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298035, "pmcid": "PMC7262107", "title": "Managing head and neck cancer patients with tracheostomy or laryngectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Kligerman, Maxwell P", "Vukkadala, Neelaysh", "Tsang, Raymond K Y", "Sunwoo, John B", "Holsinger, F Christopher", "Chan, Jason Y K", "Damrose, Edward J", "Kearney, Ann", "Starmer, Heather M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298035", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Head and neck cancer patients with tracheostomies and laryngectomies, as well as their healthcare providers, face unique challenges in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. This document consolidates best available evidence to date and presents recommendations to minimize the risks of aerosolization and SARS-CoV-2 exposures in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. The cornerstones of these recommendations include the use of closed-circuit ventilation whenever possible, cuffed tracheostomy tubes, judicious use of heat moisture exchange units, appropriate personal protective equipment for providers and patients, meticulous hand hygiene, and minimal manipulation of tracheostomy tubes."}, {"pmid": 32503172, "title": "Psychosocial and Behavioral Impact of COVID-19 in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Online Parent Survey.", "journal": "Brain Sci", "authors": ["Colizzi, Marco", "Sironi, Elena", "Antonini, Federico", "Ciceri, Marco Luigi", "Bovo, Chiara", "Zoccante, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503172", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak could result in higher levels of psychological distress, especially among people suffering from pre-existing mental health conditions. Young individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are particularly at risk due to their vulnerability to unpredictable and complex changes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ASD individuals, whether any pre-pandemic sociodemographic or clinical characteristics would predict a negative outcome, and to narratively characterize their needs. Parents and guardians of ASD individuals filled out an online survey consisting of 40 questions investigating socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of their children, impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on their wellbeing and needs to deal with the emergency. Data were available on 527 survey participants. The COVID-19 emergency resulted in a challenging period for 93.9% of families, increased difficulties in managing daily activities, especially free time (78.1%) and structured activities (75.7%), and, respectively, 35.5% and 41.5% of children presenting with more intense and more frequent behavior problems. Behavior problems predating the COVID-19 outbreak predicted a higher risk of more intense (odds ratio (OR) = 2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42-3.29) and more frequent (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.13-2.48) disruptive behavior. Even though ASD children were receiving different types of support, also requiring specialist (19.1%) or emergency (1.5%) interventions in a relatively low proportion of cases, a number of needs emerged, including receiving more healthcare support (47.4%), especially in-home support (29.9%), as well as interventions to tackle a potentially disruptive quarantine (16.8%). The COVID-19 outbreak has undoubtedly resulted in increased difficulties among ASD individuals."}, {"pmid": 32213267, "title": "[Interpretation of pathological changes for \"Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 by the National Health Commission (Trial Version 7) \"].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ding, Y Q", "Bian, X W"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213267", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327740, "pmcid": "PMC7179380", "title": "Controversies regarding mask usage in ophthalmic units in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Naveed, Hasan", "Scantling-Birch, Yarrow", "Lee, Hanbin", "Nanavaty, Mayank A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327740", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32169574, "pmcid": "PMC7128929", "title": "A commentary on \"World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Shah, Syed Ghulam Sarwar", "Farrow, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169574", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473310, "pmcid": "PMC7254006", "title": "Discovery of the FDA-approved drugs bexarotene, cetilistat, diiodohydroxyquinoline, and abiraterone as potential COVID-19 treatments with a robust two-tier screening system.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Yuan, Shuofeng", "Chan, Jasper F W", "Chik, Kenn K H", "Chan, Chris C Y", "Tsang, Jessica O L", "Liang, Ronghui", "Cao, Jianli", "Tang, Kaiming", "Chen, Lin-Lei", "Wen, Kun", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Ye, Zi-Wei", "Lu, Gang", "Chu, Hin", "Jin, Dong-Yan", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473310", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with a crude case fatality rate of about 0.5-10 % depending on locality. A few clinically approved drugs, such as remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, nafamostat, camostat, and ivermectin, exhibited anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in vitro and/or in a small number of patients. However, their clinical use may be limited by anti-SARS-CoV-2 50 % maximal effective concentrations (EC50) that exceeded their achievable peak serum concentrations (Cmax), side effects, and/or availability. To find more immediately available COVID-19 antivirals, we established a two-tier drug screening system that combines SARS-CoV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and cell viability assay, and applied it to screen a library consisting 1528 FDA-approved drugs. Cetilistat (anti-pancreatic lipase), diiodohydroxyquinoline (anti-parasitic), abiraterone acetate (synthetic androstane steroid), and bexarotene (antineoplastic retinoid) exhibited potent in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity (EC50 1.13-2.01 \u03bcM). Bexarotene demonstrated the highest Cmax:EC50 ratio (1.69) which was higher than those of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and ivermectin. These results demonstrated the efficacy of the two-tier screening system and identified potential COVID-19 treatments which can achieve effective levels if given by inhalation or systemically depending on their pharmacokinetics."}, {"pmid": 32369097, "pmcid": "PMC7201375", "title": "Association of Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers With Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Mehta, Neil", "Kalra, Ankur", "Nowacki, Amy S", "Anjewierden, Scott", "Han, Zheyi", "Bhat, Pavan", "Carmona-Rubio, Andres E", "Jacob, Miriam", "Procop, Gary W", "Harrington, Susan", "Milinovich, Alex", "Svensson, Lars G", "Jehi, Lara", "Young, James B", "Chung, Mina K"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369097", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) in the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is hotly debated. There have been recommendations to discontinue these medications, which are essential in the treatment of several chronic disease conditions, while, in the absence of clinical evidence, professional societies have advocated their continued use. To study the association between use of ACEIs/ARBs with the likelihood of testing positive for COVID-19 and to study outcome data in subsets of patients taking ACEIs/ARBs who tested positive with severity of clinical outcomes of COVID-19 (eg, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and requirement for mechanical ventilation). Retrospective cohort study with overlap propensity score weighting was conducted at the Cleveland Clinic Health System in Ohio and Florida. All patients tested for COVID-19 between March 8 and April 12, 2020, were included. History of taking ACEIs or ARBs at the time of COVID-19 testing. Results of COVID-19 testing in the entire cohort, number of patients requiring hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and mechanical ventilation among those who tested positive. A total of 18\u202f472 patients tested for COVID-19. The mean (SD) age was 49\u2009(21) years, 7384 (40%) were male, and 12\u202f725 (69%) were white. Of 18\u202f472 patients who underwent COVID-19 testing, 2285 (12.4%) were taking either ACEIs or ARBs. A positive COVID-19 test result was observed in 1735 of 18\u202f472 patients (9.4%). Among patients who tested positive, 421 (24.3%) were admitted to the hospital, 161 (9.3%) were admitted to an intensive care unit, and 111 (6.4%) required mechanical ventilation. Overlap propensity score weighting showed no significant association of ACEI and/or ARB use with COVID-19 test positivity (overlap propensity score-weighted odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.81-1.15). This study found no association between ACEI or ARB use and COVID-19 test positivity. These clinical data support current professional society guidelines to not discontinue ACEIs or ARBs in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, further study in larger numbers of hospitalized patients receiving ACEI and ARB therapy is needed to determine the association with clinical measures of COVID-19 severity."}, {"pmid": 32453363, "title": "No Benefit for Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Severe COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Slomski, Anita"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453363", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443163, "title": "Interferons in the Therapy of Severe Coronavirus Infections: A Critical Analysis and Recollection of a Forgotten Therapeutic Regimen with Interferon Beta.", "journal": "Drug Res (Stuttg)", "authors": ["Brzoska, Josef", "von Eick, Harald", "Hundgen, Manfred"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443163", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pharmacological and immunological properties of interferons, especially those of interferon beta, and the corresponding treatment strategies are described, and the results of studies with different interferons in coronavirus infections are analysed. Furthermore, the data obtained with high-dosed native interferon beta in life-threatening acute viral diseases as well as the results of clinical pilot studies with high-dosed recombinant interferon beta-1a are provided because they serve as the rationale for the proposed therapeutic regimen to be applied in acute viral infections. This regimen differs from those approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis and consists of interferon beta-1a administered as a 24 hour intravenous infusion at a daily dose of up to 90 \u00b5g for 3-5 consecutive days. Since under this regimen transient severe side effects can occur, it is analysed which patients are suitable for this kind of treatment in general and if patients with severe coronavirus infections could also be treated accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32278693, "pmcid": "PMC7194845", "title": "In silico studies on therapeutic agents for COVID-19: Drug repurposing approach.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Shah, Bhumi", "Modi, Palmi", "Sagar, Sneha R"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278693", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, better known as COVID-19 has become the current health concern to the entire world. Initially appeared in Wuhan, China around December 2019, it had spread to almost 187 countries due to its high contagious nature. Precautionary measures remain the sole obliging tactic to cease the person to person transmissions till any effective method of treatment or vaccine is developed. Amidst the pandemic, research and development of new molecule is labour-intensive and tedious process. Drug repurposing is the concept of identifying therapeutically potent molecule from the library of pre-existing molecules. In the present study, 61 molecules that are already being used in clinics or under clinical scrutiny as antiviral agents are surveyed via docking study. Docking study was performed using Maestro interface (Schr\u00f6dinger Suite, LLC, NY). Out of these 61 molecules, 37 molecules were found to interact with >2 protein structures of COVID-19. The docking results indicate that amongst the reported molecules, HIV protease inhibitors and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors showed promising features of binding to COVID-19 enzyme. Along with these, Methisazone an inhibitor of protein synthesis, CGP42112A an angiotensin AT2 receptor agonist and ABT450 an inhibitor of the non-structural protein 3-4A might become convenient treatment option as well against COVID-19. The drug repurposing approach provide an insight about the therapeutics that might be helpful in treating corona virus disease."}, {"pmid": 32389563, "pmcid": "PMC7196536", "title": "Urgent development of an anaesthesiology-based intensive care unit for critical COVID-19 infected patients.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Harkouk, Hakim", "Jacob, Chantal", "Fletcher, Dominique"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389563", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274964, "pmcid": "PMC7189411", "title": "A review on the cleavage priming of the spike protein on coronavirus by angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and furin.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Hasan, Anwarul", "Paray, Bilal Ahamad", "Hussain, Arif", "Qadir, Fikry Ali", "Attar, Farnoosh", "Aziz, Falah Mohammad", "Sharifi, Majid", "Derakhshankhah, Hossein", "Rasti, Behnam", "Mehrabi, Masoumeh", "Shahpasand, Koorosh", "Saboury, Ali Akbar", "Falahati, Mojtaba"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274964", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The widespread antigenic changes lead to the emergence of a new type of coronavirus (CoV) called as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 that is immunologically different from the previous circulating species. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) is one of the most important receptors on the cell membrane of the host cells (HCs) which its interaction with spike protein (SP) with a furin-cleavage site results in the SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Hence, in this review, we presented an overview on the interaction of ACE-2 and furin with SP. As several kinds of CoVs, from various genera, have at their S1/S2 binding site a preserved site, we further surveyed the role of furin cleavage site (FCS) on the life cycle of the CoV. Furthermore, we discussed that the small molecular inhibitors can limit the interaction of ACE-2 and furin with SP and can be used as potential therapeutic platforms to combat the spreading CoV epidemic. Finally, some ongoing challenges and future prospects for the development of potential drugs to promote targeting specific activities of the CoV were reviewed. In conclusion, this review may pave the way for providing useful information about different compounds involved in improving the effectiveness of CoV vaccine or drugs with minimum toxicity against human health.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32247925, "pmcid": "PMC7194516", "title": "Repurposing antimalarials and other drugs for COVID-19.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Schlagenhauf, Patricia", "Grobusch, Martin P", "Maier, Julian D", "Gautret, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247925", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269311, "title": "Coordinating the COVID-19 pipeline.", "journal": "Nat Rev Drug Discov", "authors": ["Mullard, Asher"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269311", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527340, "title": "[Nationwide survey on clinical treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in 9 provinces and municipalities].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Liu, Shaohua", "Ding, Xianfei", "Cao, Junzi", "Zhang, Shuguang", "Sun, Tongwen"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527340", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the clinical treatment and assess the knowledge and use of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment plan issued by the nation. A nationwide questionnaire survey on line was administered to medical staffs involved in COVID-19 treatment on February 28th, 2020. The questionnaire included drug treatment, respiratory support therapy, sedation and analgesia, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), etc. There were 1 103 respondents, of whom 699 (504 doctors and 195 nurses) participated in the treatment of COVID-19. Finally, 432 doctors and 170 nurses from 9 provinces submitted valid questionnaires. The results of the questionnaire surveys of doctors and nurses were basically the same. Considering that doctors dominated in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, the results of the questionnaires of doctors were mainly analyzed. The doctors participating in the survey were mainly from Hubei (29.2%), followed by Henan (24.5%), Guizhou (22.7%), and Guangxi (14.6%), etc. 55.4% of the doctors came from tertiary three hospitals, and most of them have senior titles (56.4%). 232 doctors (53.7%) participated in the treatment of mild COVID-19, and 200 doctors (46.3%) participated in the treatment of severe and critically ill patients. More than 95% of the doctors expressed that they would carry out antiviral treatment for patients with COVID-19 regardless of disease severity. The main antiviral drugs included \u03b1-interferon (69.5%), lopinavir/ritonavir (65.0%), abidol (60.0%), and ribavirin (55.7%). The choice of antiviral drugs was highly consistent with the national treatment programs of COVID-19. At the same time, 95.5% of doctors would routinely prescribe antibiotics to severe and critically ill patients. 94.0% of doctors agreed to prescribe low-dose glucocorticoid therapy to severe and critically ill patients. About 2/3 of doctors would perform lung recruitment or prone position treatment for critical patients with invasive ventilation. 79.0% of doctors preferred to use deep sedation for patients with invasive ventilation. About 1/3 of doctors believed that CRRT should be initiated early, and nearly 1/3 of doctors suggested that ECMO should be used more aggressively in critically ill patients. Medical staffs are familiar with the national treatment plan of COVID-19 and willing to follow it. However, as a new disease, we have limited knowledge about COVID-19 and there are still many controversies. Further practical training is needed to make clinicians more aware of the disease, and more evidence-based evidence is needed to guide clinical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32271600, "title": "Efficacy of Mass Quarantine as Leverage of Health System Governance During COVID-19 Outbreak: A Mini Policy Review.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Taghrir, Mohammad Hossein", "Akbarialiabad, Hossein", "Ahmadi Marzaleh, Milad"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271600", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 23, 2020, the Chinese government announced the city lockdown of Wuhan. Since then, there have been controversial debates among experts about the efficacy of mass quarantine, the oldest and probably one of the most effective methods for controlling infectious disease outbreaks. The impact of health policymaking section of health system governance becomes visible to all stakeholders and the public in such emergency contexts. The success and failure of such policies should be evaluated in order to find the proper course of action for the local and international communities. In this review, we aim to investigate the efficacy of mass quarantine in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We found good quality evidence for the effectiveness of mass quarantine during the current stage of COVID-19 pandemic, and these strategies seem to have been highly effective in controlling the spread of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32421392, "pmcid": "PMC7258749", "title": "Early Lessons From World War COVID: Reinventing Our Stroke Systems of Care.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Sheth, Sunil A", "Wu, Tzu-Ching", "Sharrief, Anjail", "Ankrom, Christy", "Grotta, James C", "Fisher, Marc", "Savitz, Sean I"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417850, "title": "Drug researchers pursue new lines of attack against COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Harrison, Charlotte"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417850", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418439, "title": "ACMQ Student, Resident, and Fellow Section (SRF) COVID-19 Resident and Fellow Survey.", "journal": "Am J Med Qual", "authors": ["Jin, Michael", "Jackson, Christopher", "AlAbdulKader, Assim M", "Hummel, Kevin", "Kott, Jeffrey", "Nguyen, Oliver", "Rostami, Sohayla", "Kim, Sun Young"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418439", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490798, "title": "Reducing the Risk of Diagnostic Error in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Gandhi, Tejal K", "Singh, Hardeep"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490798", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32183864, "pmcid": "PMC7079436", "title": "Safe patient transport for COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Liew, Mei Fong", "Siow, Wen Ting", "Yau, Ying Wei", "See, Kay Choong"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183864", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425287, "pmcid": "PMC7231493", "title": "Multidrug resistant infections in the COVID-19 era, a framework for considering the potential impact.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Dona, Daniele", "Di Chiara, Costanza", "Sharland, Mike"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425287", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485277, "pmcid": "PMC7260565", "title": "Gastrointestinal endoscopy operation--A potential transmission risk for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Tan, Caixia", "Xiao, Yuanyuan", "Wu, Yuqi", "Wu, Anhua", "Li, Chunhui"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485277", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464652, "title": "Epicardial adipose tissue: fuel for COVID-19-induced cardiac injury?", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Kim, In-Cheol", "Han, Seongwook"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464652", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393526, "title": "A strategic approach to COVID-19 vaccine R&D.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Corey, Lawrence", "Mascola, John R", "Fauci, Anthony S", "Collins, Francis S"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393526", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394337, "pmcid": "PMC7212837", "title": "Clear plastic drapes for aerosol-generating medical procedures in COVID-19 patients: questions still remain.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Endersby, Ryan Vincent William", "Spencer, Adam Oscar", "Ho, Esther Ching Yee", "Goldstein, David Howard", "Schubert, Edward"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394337", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502616, "pmcid": "PMC7267807", "title": "Co-expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the superficial adult human conjunctival, limbal and corneal epithelium suggests an additional route of entry via the ocular surface.", "journal": "Ocul Surf", "authors": ["Collin, Joseph", "Queen, Rachel", "Zerti, Darin", "Dorgau, Birthe", "Georgiou, Maria", "Djidrovski, Ivo", "Hussain, Rafiqul", "Coxhead, Jonathan M", "Joseph, Agatha", "Rooney, Paul", "Lisgo, Steven", "Figueiredo, Francisco", "Armstrong, Lyle", "Lako, Majlinda"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502616", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The high infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 necessitates the need for multiple studies identifying the molecular mechanisms that facilitate the viral entry and propagation. Currently the potential extra-respiratory transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. Using single-cell RNA Seq and ATAC-Seq datasets and immunohistochemical analysis, we investigated SARS-CoV-2 tropism in the embryonic, fetal and adult human ocular surface. The co-expression of ACE2 receptor and entry protease TMPRSS2 was detected in the human adult conjunctival, limbal and corneal epithelium, but not in the embryonic and fetal ocular surface up to 21 post conception weeks. These expression patterns were corroborated by the single cell ATAC-Seq data, which revealed a permissive chromatin in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 loci in the adult conjunctival, limbal and corneal epithelium. Co-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was strongly detected in the superficial limbal, corneal and conjunctival epithelium, implicating these as target entry cells for SARS-CoV-2 in the ocular surface. Strikingly, we also identified the key pro-inflammatory signals TNF, NFK\u03b2 and IFNG as upstream regulators of the transcriptional profile of ACE2+TMPRSS2+ cells in the superficial conjunctival epithelium, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may utilise inflammatory driven upregulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression to enhance infection in ocular surface. Together our data indicate that the human ocular surface epithelium provides an additional entry portal for SARS-CoV-2, which may exploit inflammatory driven upregulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 entry factors to enhance infection."}, {"pmid": 32382448, "pmcid": "PMC7204702", "title": "COVID-19 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Infections in Health-Care Workers in Korea.", "journal": "Saf Health Work", "authors": ["Kang, Seong-Kyu"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382448", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362217, "pmcid": "PMC7232889", "title": "In silico study the inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor of COVID-19 by Ammoides verticillata components harvested from Western Algeria.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Abdelli, Imane", "Hassani, Faical", "Bekkel Brikci, Sohayb", "Ghalem, Said"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362217", "countries": ["Algeria"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of this present study is to focus on the in silico study to screen for an alternative drug that can block the activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, potential therapeutic target of the COVID-19 virus using natural compounds (Isothymol, Thymol, Limonene, P-cymene and \u03b3-terpinene) derived from the essential oil of the antiviral and antimicrobial plant Ammoides verticillata (Desf.) Briq. which is located in the occidental Algeria areas. This study reveals that Isothymol, a major component of this plant, gives the best docking scores, compared to, the co-crystallized inhibitor \u03b2-D-mannose of the enzyme ACE2, to Captropil drug as good ACE2 inhibitor and to Chloroquine antiviral drug also involved in other mechanisms as inhibition of ACE2 cellular receptor. In silico (ADME), drug-likeness, PASS & P450 site of metabolism prediction, pharmacophore Mapper showed that the compound Isothymol has given a good tests results compared to the \u03b2-D-mannose co-crystallized inhibitor, to Captopril and Chloroquine drugs. Also the other natural compounds gave good results. The Molecular Dynamics Simulation study showed good result for the Isotymol- ACE2 docked complex. This study revealed for the first time that Isothymol is a functional inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 activity and the components of essential oils Ammoides verticillata can be used as potential inhibitors to the ACE2 receptor of SARS-CoV-2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32376573, "pmcid": "PMC7167319", "title": "[Correlation between clinical classification of COVID-19 and imaging characteristics of MSCT volume scanning of the lungs].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Guo, Fei", "Zhu, Lin", "Xu, Hong", "Qin, Lei", "Liang, Xiaohan", "Deng, Xuefei"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376573", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the correlation between the clinical classification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the imaging characteristics of multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) volume scanning of the lungs. The clinical data and thoracic MSCT volume scanning data were analyzed retrospectively for 102 patients with COVID-19 diagnosed and hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College between January 18 and February 26, 2020. According to the Fifth Edition of the Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines by the National Health Commission, the patients were divided into common type, severe type and critical type. The imaging characteristics including the lung sides of the lesions, lung segment involved, lesion distribution, and lesion number and density were compared among the patients with different clinical types of COVID-19. Seventy-seven of the patients had common type, 18 had severe type and 7 had critical type of COVID-19. The main clinical manifestations included fever, cough and fatigue. Severe and critical types were more frequently seen in elderly patients, who were more prone to show such symptoms as asthenia, breathing difficulty and dyspnea. Two patients presented with no obvious abnormality in the first CT examinations; in the remaining 100 patients, 89.0% had bilateral lung lesions, 16.0% had diffuse lesions, involving a mean of 6.56\u00b14.22 lung segments. Compared with the patients with the common type, the severe and critical patients had a significantly greater number of lung segments involved (P < 0.05), and were also more likely to show diffuse lesions (P < 0.05). The lesion side, lesion number or lesion density did not differ significantly among the patients with different clinical types of COVID-19 (P > 0.05). MSCT volume scanning not only allows early diagnosis of COVID-19 but also provides evidence for evaluating the severity of COVID-19 to assist in the clinical treatment of the patients."}, {"pmid": 32460391, "title": "Aesthetic dermatology procedures in coronavirus-days.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Tursen, Umit", "Tursen, Belma", "Lotti, Torello"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460391", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19), which causes\u00a0coronavirus\u00a0disease 2019, is highly contagious and\u00a0a particularly\u00a0popular problem in all around the World and also in all departments\u00a0of\u00a0every hospital. Protecting\u00a0the well-being of\u00a0the\u00a0aesthetic dermatologists while\u00a0providing\u00a0a\u00a0sufficient\u00a0workforce\u00a0is\u00a0vital\u00a0for\u00a0pandemic planning. In this article, we will discuss this problem\u00a0from an\u00a0aesthetic\u00a0dermatology\u00a0aspect\u00a0and we\u00a0will\u00a0review whether these procedures are safe or not."}, {"pmid": 32530033, "title": "Descriptive analysis of social determinant factors in urban communities affected by COVID-19.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Harlem, Gunness", "Lynn, Millheiser"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530033", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide a descriptive analysis of communities severely impacted by COVID-19 to that of communities moderately affected by COVID-19, with an emphasis on the social determinant factors within them. To compare the communities with extremely high COVID-19 rates to that of communities with moderate COVID-19 cases, we selected six community districts in Queens, New York using public data from New York City Health Department that provides the percentage of positive COVID-19 cases by zip codes from March 1st, 2020 to April 17th, 2020. The results of the study showed that COVID-19 cases were 30% greater in communities with extremely high cases than in communities with moderate cases. There were also the several outstanding social determinants commonalities that were found in communities with extremely high COVID-19 cases. These include severe overcrowding, lower educational status, less access to healthcare, and more chronic diseases. This study adds to existing literature on vulnerable urban communities affected by COVID-19. Future studies should focus on the underlying factors in each social determinant discussed in this study to better understand its association with the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32425332, "pmcid": "PMC7232071", "title": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Kajani, Raahil", "Apramian, Austin", "Vega, Arturo", "Ubhayakar, Nitin", "Xu, Prissilla", "Liu, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425332", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463348, "title": "Experience with Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for QT Interval Monitoring.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Ramireddy, Archana", "Chugh, Harpriya", "Reinier, Kyndaron", "Ebinger, Joseph", "Park, Eunice", "Thompson, Michael", "Cingolani, Eugenio", "Cheng, Susan", "Marban, Eduardo", "Albert, Christine M", "Chugh, Sumeet S"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463348", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Despite a lack of clinical evidence, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin are being administered widely to patients with verified or suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Both drugs may increase risk of lethal arrhythmias associated with QT interval prolongation. Methods and Results We analyzed a case series of COVID-19-positive/suspected patients admitted between February 1, 2020, and April 4, 2020, who were treated with azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, or a combination of both drugs. We evaluated baseline and postmedication QT interval (corrected QT interval [QTc]; Bazett) using 12-lead ECGs. Critical QTc prolongation was defined as follows: (1) maximum QTc \u2265500\u00a0ms (if QRS <120\u00a0ms) or QTc \u2265550\u00a0ms (if QRS \u2265120\u00a0ms) and (2) QTc increase of \u226560\u00a0ms. Tisdale score and Elixhauser comorbidity index were calculated. Of 490 COVID-19-positive/suspected patients, 314 (64%) received either/both drugs and 98 (73 COVID-19 positive and 25 suspected) met study criteria (age, 62\u00b117\u00a0years; 61% men). Azithromycin was prescribed in 28%, hydroxychloroquine in 10%, and both in 62%. Baseline mean QTc was 448\u00b129\u00a0ms and increased to 459\u00b136\u00a0ms (P=0.005) with medications. Significant prolongation was observed only in men (18\u00b143\u00a0ms versus -0.2\u00b128\u00a0ms in women; P=0.02). A total of 12% of patients reached critical QTc prolongation. Changes in QTc were highest with the combination compared with either drug, with much greater prolongation with combination versus azithromycin (17\u00b139\u00a0ms versus 0.5\u00b140\u00a0ms; P=0.07). No patients manifested torsades de pointes. Conclusions Overall, 12% of patients manifested critical QTc prolongation, and the combination caused greater prolongation than either drug alone. The balance between uncertain benefit and potential risk when treating COVID-19 patients should be carefully assessed."}, {"pmid": 32485164, "pmcid": "PMC7250783", "title": "A Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathogenesis.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Sun, Shi-Hui", "Chen, Qi", "Gu, Hong-Jing", "Yang, Guan", "Wang, Yan-Xiao", "Huang, Xing-Yao", "Liu, Su-Su", "Zhang, Na-Na", "Li, Xiao-Feng", "Xiong, Rui", "Guo, Yan", "Deng, Yong-Qiang", "Huang, Wei-Jin", "Liu, Quan", "Liu, Quan-Ming", "Shen, Yue-Lei", "Zhou, Yong", "Yang, Xiao", "Zhao, Tong-Yan", "Fan, Chang-Fa", "Zhou, Yu-Sen", "Qin, Cheng-Feng", "Wang, You-Chun"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485164", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has emerged and rapidly spread throughout the world, resulting in a global public health emergency. The lack of vaccine and antivirals has brought an urgent need for an animal model. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) has been identified as a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we generated a mouse model expressing human ACE2 (hACE2) by using CRISPR/Cas9 knockin technology. In comparison with wild-type C57BL/6 mice, both young and aged hACE2 mice sustained high viral loads in lung, trachea, and brain upon intranasal infection. Although fatalities were not observed, interstitial pneumonia and elevated cytokines were seen in SARS-CoV-2 infected-aged hACE2 mice. Interestingly, intragastric inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 was seen to cause productive infection and lead to pulmonary pathological changes in hACE2 mice. Overall, this animal model described here provides a useful tool for studying SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis and evaluating COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics."}, {"pmid": 32439183, "pmcid": "PMC7172779", "title": "Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry in the Age of COVID-19: Reaffirming Ourselves and Our Worth.", "journal": "Psychosomatics", "authors": ["Funk, Margo C", "Beach, Scott R", "Shah, Sejal B", "Boland, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439183", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32111649, "title": "Preventing a covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Watkins, John"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32111649", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354773, "title": "Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for patients with ANCA-associated vasculitides at the time of COVID-19. Response to: 'Rituximab for granulomatosis with polyangiitis in the pandemic of COVID-19: lessons from a case with severe pneumonia' by Guilpain et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354773", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311771, "pmcid": "PMC7264768", "title": "Airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to healthcare workers: a narrative review.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Wilson, N M", "Norton, A", "Young, F P", "Collins, D W"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311771", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare workers are at risk of infection during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pandemic. International guidance suggests direct droplet transmission is likely and airborne transmission occurs only with aerosol-generating procedures. Recommendations determining infection control measures to ensure healthcare worker safety follow these presumptions. Three mechanisms have been described for the production of smaller sized respiratory particles ('aerosols') that, if inhaled, can deposit in the distal airways. These include: laryngeal activity such as talking and coughing; high velocity gas flow; and cyclical opening and closure of terminal airways. Sneezing and coughing are effective aerosol generators, but all forms of expiration produce particles across a range of sizes. The 5-\u03bcm diameter threshold used to differentiate droplet from airborne is an over-simplification of multiple complex, poorly understood biological and physical variables. The evidence defining aerosol-generating procedures comes largely from low-quality case and cohort studies where the exact mode of transmission is unknown as aerosol production was never quantified. We propose that transmission is associated with time in proximity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 patients with respiratory symptoms, rather than the procedures per se. There is no proven relation between any aerosol-generating procedure with airborne viral content with the exception of bronchoscopy and suctioning. The mechanism for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 transmission is unknown but the evidence suggestive of airborne spread is growing. We speculate that infected patients who cough, have high work of breathing, increased closing capacity and altered respiratory tract lining fluid will be significant producers of pathogenic aerosols. We suggest several aerosol-generating procedures may in fact result in less pathogen aerosolisation than a dyspnoeic and coughing patient. Healthcare workers should appraise the current evidence regarding transmission and apply this to the local infection prevalence. Measures to mitigate airborne transmission should be employed at times of risk. However, the mechanisms and risk factors for transmission are largely unconfirmed. Whilst awaiting robust evidence, a precautionary approach should be considered to assure healthcare worker safety."}, {"pmid": 32367837, "title": "Gastrointestinal and liver manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Saudi J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Cheong, Janice", "Bartell, Nichoals", "Peeraphatdit, Thoetchai", "Mosli, Mahmoud", "Al-Judaibi, Bandar"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367837", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. While patients typically present with fever and symptoms of a respiratory illness, patients have also presented with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. In addition, some patients were reported to have liver injury. In this article, we review gastrointestinal and liver aspects of COVID-19. In addition, we provide general gastroenterologists with guidance on the management of patients with gastrointestinal and liver disorders from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32510900, "title": "COVID-19 should be a novel indication for fertility preservation.", "journal": "JBRA Assist Reprod", "authors": ["Geber, Selmo", "Prates, Natalia", "Sampaio, Marcos", "Valle, Marcello", "Meseguer, Marcos"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510900", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32248724, "title": "Biologic therapy for psoriasis during the covid-19 outbreak is not a choice.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Bardazzi, Federico", "Loi, Camilla", "Sacchelli, Lidia", "Di Altobrando, Ambra"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248724", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501190, "title": "Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and COVID-19: using antihypertensive medications, pharmacogenetic considerations.", "journal": "Pharmacogenomics", "authors": ["Snyder, Eric M", "Johnson, Bruce D"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501190", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 utilizes the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) pathway as a means of infection. Early data on COVID-19 suggest heterogeneity in the severity of symptoms during transmission and infection ranging from no symptoms to death. The source of this heterogeneity is likely multifaceted and may have a genetic component. Demographic and clinical comorbidities associated with the severity of infection suggest that possible variants known to influence the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system\u00a0pathway (particularly those that influence ACE2) may contribute to the heterogenous infection response. ACE2 and angiotensin(1-7)\u00a0(the product of ACE2) seem to have a protective effect on the pulmonary and cardiac systems. Hypertension medication modulation, may alter ACE2 and angiotensin(1-7), particularly in variants that have been shown to influence renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system function, which could be clinically useful in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32493638, "pmcid": "PMC7266777", "title": "Considerations for Heart Failure Care During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "JACC Heart Fail", "authors": ["DeFilippis, Ersilia M", "Reza, Nosheen", "Donald, Elena", "Givertz, Michael M", "Lindenfeld, JoAnn", "Jessup, Mariell"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493638", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the care of patients with HF who contract COVID-19 as well as those without COVID-19 who have been impacted by the restructuring of health care delivery. Patients with HF and other cardiovascular comorbidities are at risk for severe disease and complications of infection. Similarly, COVID-19 has been demonstrated to cause myocarditis and may be implicated in new-onset cardiomyopathy. During this pandemic, special considerations are needed for patients with advanced HF, including those supported by durable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and heart transplant recipients. The purpose of this review is to summarize emerging data regarding the development of HF secondary to COVID-19, COVID-19 infection in patients with advanced HF, and the implications of the pandemic on care for non-infected patients with HF."}, {"pmid": 32532541, "title": "COVID-19 mimicking dengue fever with the initial manifestation of retro-orbital pain - A Rare Case.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Ruiy, Walis", "Hsu, Shih-Yung", "Tsai, Hsien-Lung", "Chen, Chen-Te"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532541", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433299, "pmcid": "PMC7268881", "title": "Comment on \"COVID-19 Preparedness Within the Surgical, Obstetric, and Anesthetic Ecosystem in Sub Saharan Africa\".", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Starr, Nichole", "Weiser, Thomas G"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433299", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503830, "title": "The Effect of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Breast Cancer Teamwork: A Multicentric Survey.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Vanni, Gianluca", "Materazzo, Marco", "Santori, Francesca", "Pellicciaro, Marco", "Costesta, Maria", "Orsaria, Paolo", "Cattadori, Francesca", "Pistolese, Chiara Adriana", "Perretta, Tommaso", "Chiocchi, Marcello", "Meucci, Rosaria", "Lamacchia, Feliciana", "Assogna, Massimo", "Caspi, Jonathan", "Granai, Alessandra Vittoria", "DE Majo, Adriano", "Chiaravalloti, Agostino", "D'Angelillo, Maria Rolando", "Barbarino, Rosaria", "Ingallinella, Sara", "Morando, Ljuba", "Dalli, Stefania", "Portarena, Ilaria", "Altomare, Vittorio", "Tazzioli, Giovanni", "Buonomo, Oreste Claudio"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503830", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the large amount of clinical data available of Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19), not many studies have been conducted about the psychological toll on Health Care Workers (HCWs). In this multicentric descriptive study, surveys were distributed among 4 different Breast Cancer Centers (BCC). BCCs were distinguished according to COVID-19 tertiary care hospital (COVID/No-COVID) and district prevalence (DP) (High vs. Low). DASS-21 score, PSS score and demographic data (age, sex, work) were evaluated. A total of 51 HCWs were analyzed in the study. Age, work and sex did not demonstrate statistically significant values. Statistically significant distribution was found between DASS-21-stress score and COVID/No-COVID (p=0.043). No difference was found in the remaining DASS-21 and PSS scores, dividing the HCWs according to COVID-19-hospital and DP. Working in a COVID-19-hospital represents a factor that negatively affects psychosocial well-being. However, DP seems not to affect the psychosocial well-being of BCC HCWs. During the outbreak, psychological support for low risk HCWs should be provided regardless DP."}, {"pmid": 32395720, "pmcid": "PMC7209971", "title": "Psychological Practice and the COVID-19 Crisis: A Rapid Response Survey.", "journal": "J Health Serv Psychol", "authors": ["Sammons, Morgan T", "VandenBos, Gary R", "Martin, Jana N"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395720", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Psychological practice has changed dramatically over the past 125 years. The two world wars both served to stimulate and change the scope of practice for psychologists. We surveyed over 3,000 doctoral psychologists about the impact of the COVID-19 health crisis on their clinical practices. Practice changed from primarily in-office to mostly telepsychology practice over the course of 2 weeks in March of 2020. The long-term effect on professional practice in psychology is not known."}, {"pmid": 32352318, "title": "Population Trends in Rates of Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization for Acute Coronary Syndromes Associated with the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Piccolo, Raffaele", "Bruzzese, Dario", "Mauro, Ciro", "Aloia, Antonio", "Baldi, Cesare", "Boccalatte, Marco", "Bottiglieri, Giuseppe", "Briguori, Carlo", "Caiazzo, Gianluca", "Calabro, Paolo", "Cappelli-Bigazzi, Maurizio", "De Simone, Ciro", "Di Lorenzo, Emilio", "Golino, Paolo", "Monda, Vittorio", "Perrotta, Rocco", "Quaranta, Gaetano", "Russolillo, Enrico", "Scherillo, Marino", "Tesorio, Tullio", "Tuccillo, Bernardino", "Valva, Giuseppe", "Villari, Bruno", "Tarantini, Giuseppe", "Varricchio, Attilio", "Esposito, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352318", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435809, "title": "Racial demographics and COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths: a correlational analysis of 2886 US counties.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Mahajan, Uma V", "Larkins-Pettigrew, Margaret"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435809", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent news reports state that racial minority groups, such as African-Americans, are experiencing a greater COVID-19 burden, as measured by confirmed cases and deaths. Limited racial data is available on a national level. We conducted the first nationwide analysis to examine COVID-19 and race on a county level. We obtained datasets on COVID-19 cases and deaths, and racial population totals, by US county. We examined if correlations exist between the racial percentages and percentages of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths by county. A positive correlation existed between percentages of African-Americans living in a county and who have COVID-19 (r\u00a0=\u00a00.254, P\u00a0<\u00a00.0001), who have died from COVID-19 (r\u00a0=\u00a00.268, P\u00a0<\u00a00.0001), and case mortality (r\u00a0=\u00a00.055, P\u00a0=\u00a00.003). Positive correlations also existed between percentages of Asian-Americans living in counties and these factors. Negative correlations existed between percentages of Whites living in counties and these factors. A weak, albeit very significant, positive relationship exists between the percentage of African-Americans living in a county and the percentage of COVID-19 confirmed cases, confirmed deaths and case mortality in the county. This is in support of many city and statewide analyses, and we urge for targeted resources towards work that further examine these racial associations."}, {"pmid": 32195311, "pmcid": "PMC7075990", "title": "From SARS to COVID-19: A previously unknown SARS- related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) of pandemic potential infecting humans - Call for a One Health approach.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["El Zowalaty, Mohamed E", "Jarhult, Josef D"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195311", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronaviruses continue to pose a threat to human health. The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 which causes coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), an acute respiratory disease marked the third introduction of a highly pathogenic coronavirus into the human population in the twenty-first century. This recent emergence of a previously unknown coronavirus in China leads to huge impacts on humans globally. Covid-19 is a challenge to global public health. Here, we discuss the COVID-19 outbreak in a one health context, highlighting the need for the implementation of one health measures and practices to improve human health and reduce the emergence of pandemic viruses."}, {"pmid": 32378844, "title": "COVID-19: Symptoms, course of illness and use of clinical scoring systems for the first 42 patients admitted to a Norwegian local hospital.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Ihle-Hansen, Hakon", "Berge, Trygve", "Tveita, Anders", "Ronning, Else Johanne", "Erno, Per Erik", "Andersen, Elizabeth Lyster", "Wang, Christian Hjorth", "Tveit, Arnljot", "Myrstad, Marius"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378844", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is presenting the health system with new challenges, and there is a great need for knowledge about symptoms, clinical findings and course of illness in patients admitted to Norwegian hospitals with COVID-19. In this observational qualitative study, all patients admitted to a Norwegian local hospital (B\u00e6rum Hospital) with proven COVID-19 infection were included consecutively from the start of the outbreak. We present here patient characteristics, symptoms, clinical findings, experience of using clinical scoring systems and course of illness based on data in medical records. In the period 9-31 March 2020, 42\u00a0patients, of whom 28 (67\u00a0%) were men, were admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection. The median age was 72.5 years (range 30-95). Fever (79\u00a0%), reduced general condition (79\u00a0%), dyspnoea (69\u00a0%) and cough (67\u00a0%) were the most common symptoms. A total of nine patients (21\u00a0%) had a critical course of illness with treatment in the Intensive Care Department and/or death during their stay in hospital. Patients with a critical course had a higher average score on National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) on admission (7.6 vs 3.3). Only one of the most severely ill patients scored \u2265 2 on the quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) on admission. Most patients admitted to our hospital with COVID-19 had a fever and respiratory tract symptoms. A high percentage of patients had a critical course of illness. A NEWS2 score of \u2265 5 on admission may be a useful aid in identifying patients at risk of a critical course of illness, while CRB-65 and qSOFA score \u2265 2\u00a0proved to be of little usefulness for this purpose in our material."}, {"pmid": 32281667, "pmcid": "PMC7262181", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: New things to know!", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zayet, Souheil", "Kadiane-Oussou, N'dri Juliette", "Royer, Pierre-Yves", "Toko, Lynda", "Gendrin, Vincent", "Klopfenstein, Timothee"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281667", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473501, "pmcid": "PMC7242931", "title": "Respirators used by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 outbreak increase end-tidal carbon dioxide and fractional inspired carbon dioxide pressure.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Ozdemir, Levent", "Azizoglu, Mustafa", "Yapici, Davud"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473501", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298512, "pmcid": "PMC7262260", "title": "COVID-19 and student nurses: A view from England.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Swift, Amelia", "Banks, Louise", "Baleswaran, Amintha", "Cooke, Nicholas", "Little, Cerys", "McGrath, Linda", "Meechan-Rogers, Ronnie", "Neve, Alice", "Rees, Helen", "Tomlinson, Amy", "Williams, Grace"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298512", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409763, "title": "Dogs caught coronavirus from their owners, genetic analysis suggests.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409763", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358609, "pmcid": "PMC7197558", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: too little or too much?", "journal": "Nephrol Dial Transplant", "authors": ["Essig, Marie", "Matt, Morgan", "Massy, Ziad"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358609", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360356, "pmcid": "PMC7190524", "title": "Putting some context to the aerosolization debate around SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Peters, A", "Parneix, P", "Otter, J", "Pittet, D"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360356", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32156329, "pmcid": "PMC7068162", "title": "Evaluation of a quantitative RT-PCR assay for the detection of the emerging coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 using a high throughput system.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Pfefferle, Susanne", "Reucher, Svenja", "Norz, Dominic", "Lutgehetmann, Marc"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156329", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Facing the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), high-volume respiratory testing is demanded in laboratories worldwide. We evaluated the performance of a molecular assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 on a high-throughput platform, the cobas 6800, using the 'open channel' for integration of a laboratory-developed assay. We observed good analytical performance in clinical specimens. The fully automated workflow enables high-throughput testing with minimal hands-on time, while offering fast and reliable results."}, {"pmid": 32376535, "pmcid": "PMC7086142", "title": "[Analysis of variation and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 genome].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Zhou, Yezhen", "Zhang, Shihao", "Chen, Jiayi", "Wan, Chengsong", "Zhao, Wei", "Zhang, Bao"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376535", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the evolution and variation of SARS-CoV-2 during the epidemic starting at the end of 2019. We downloaded the full-length genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 from the databases of GISAID and NCBI. Using the software for bioinformatics including MEGA-X, BEAST, and TempEst, we constructed the genomic evolution tree, inferred the time evolution signal of the virus, calculated the tMRCA time of the virus and analyzed the selection pressure of the virus during evolution. The phylogenetic tree showed that SARS-CoV-2 belonged to the Sarbecovirus subgenus of \u03b2 Coronavirus genus together with bat coronavirus BetaCoV/bat/Yunnan/RaTG13/2013, bat-SL-CoVZC45, bat-SL-CoVZXC21 and SARS-CoV. The genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from the ongoing epidemic showed a weak time evolution signal with an average tMRCA time of 73 days (95% CI: 38.9-119.3 days). No positive time evolution signal was found between SARS-CoV-2 and BetaCoV/bat/Yunnan/RaTG13/2013, but the former virus had a strong positive temporal evolution relationship with bat-SL-CoVZC45 and SARS-CoV. The major cause for mutations of SARS-CoV-2 was the pressure of purification selection during the epidemic. SARS-CoV-2 may have emerged as early as November, 2019, originating most likely from bat-associated coronavirus. This finding may provide evidence for tracing the sources and evolution of the virus."}, {"pmid": 32171389, "pmcid": "PMC7271222", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA more readily detected in induced sputum than in throat swabs of convalescent COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Han, Huanqin", "Luo, Qingfeng", "Mo, Fan", "Long, Lieming", "Zheng, Weiqiang"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171389", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344422, "title": "Performing Bronchoscopy in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practice Statement from an International Expert Panel.", "journal": "Respiration", "authors": ["Luo, Fengming", "Darwiche, Kaid", "Singh, Suveer", "Torrego, Alfonso", "Steinfort, Daniel P", "Gasparini, Stefano", "Liu, Dan", "Zhang, Wei", "Fernandez-Bussy, Sebastian", "Herth, Felix J F", "Shah, Pallav L"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "These recommendations for physicians who perform bronchoscopy will help to protect those patients (un)-affected by the current COVID-19 pandemic, minimize the risk of transmission, and maintain clinical care for all patients."}, {"pmid": 32223072, "pmcid": "PMC7228242", "title": "COVID-19: Face masks and human-to-human transmission.", "journal": "Influenza Other Respir Viruses", "authors": ["Liu, Xiaopeng", "Zhang, Sisen"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223072", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360513, "pmcid": "PMC7190470", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents' lifestyle behavior larger than expected.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Xiang, Mi", "Zhang, Zhiruo", "Kuwahara, Keisuke"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360513", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414626, "pmcid": "PMC7196384", "title": "Risks from Deferring Treatment for Genitourinary Cancers: A Collaborative Review to Aid Triage and Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Wallis, Christopher J D", "Novara, Giacomo", "Marandino, Laura", "Bex, Axel", "Kamat, Ashish M", "Karnes, R Jeffrey", "Morgan, Todd M", "Mottet, Nicolas", "Gillessen, Silke", "Bossi, Alberto", "Roupret, Morgan", "Powles, Thomas", "Necchi, Andrea", "Catto, James W F", "Klaassen, Zachary"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is leading to delays in the treatment of many urologic cancers. To provide a contemporary picture of the risks from delayed treatment for urologic cancers to assist with triage. A collaborative review using literature published as of April 2, 2020. Patients with low-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer are unlikely to suffer from a 3-6-month delay. Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer are at risk of disease progression, with radical cystectomy delays beyond 12 wk from diagnosis or completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Prioritization of these patients for surgery or management with radiochemotherapy is encouraged. Active surveillance should be used for low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). Treatment of most patients with intermediate- and high-risk PCa can be deferred 3-6 mo without change in outcomes. The same may be true for cancers with the highest risk of progression. With radiotherapy, neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care. For surgery, although the added value of neoadjuvant ADT is questionable, it may be considered if a patient is interested in such an approach. Intervention may be safely deferred for T1/T2 renal masses, while locally advanced renal tumors (\u2265T3) should be treated expeditiously. Patients with metastatic renal cancer may consider vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapy over immunotherapy. Risks for delay in the treatment of upper tract urothelial cancer depend on grade and stage. For patients with high-grade disease, delays of 12 wk in nephroureterectomy are not associated with adverse survival outcomes. Expert guidance recommends expedient local treatment of testis cancer. In penile cancer, adverse outcomes have been observed with delays of \u22653 mo before inguinal lymphadenectomy. Limitations include a paucity of data and methodologic variations for many cancers. Patients and clinicians should consider the oncologic risk of delayed cancer intervention versus the risks of COVID-19 to the patient, treating health care professionals, and the health care system. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to delays in the treatment of patients with urologic malignancies. Based on a review of the literature, patients with high-grade urothelial carcinoma, advanced kidney cancer, testicular cancer, and penile cancer should be prioritized for treatment during these challenging times."}, {"pmid": 32349579, "pmcid": "PMC7202359", "title": "COVID-19: the use of immunotherapy in metastatic lung cancer.", "journal": "Immunotherapy", "authors": ["Davis, Alexander P", "Boyer, Michael", "Lee, Jenny H", "Kao, Steven C"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349579", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293558, "title": "[The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Afonso, Pedro"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293558", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212138, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 as a challenge for maritime medicine.", "journal": "Int Marit Health", "authors": ["Sikorska, Katarzyna"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212138", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502643, "pmcid": "PMC7264932", "title": "Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in severe coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Lahmer, T", "Rasch, S", "Spinner, C", "Geisler, F", "Schmid, R M", "Huber, W"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502643", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513451, "title": "COVID-19 laboratory testing issues and capacities as we transition to surveillance testing and contact tracing.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Sen-Crowe, Brendon", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513451", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388880, "pmcid": "PMC7273104", "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A case report and review of recent literature.", "journal": "J Peripher Nerv Syst", "authors": ["Scheidl, Erika", "Canseco, Daniel Diez", "Hadji-Naumov, Aleksandar", "Bereznai, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388880", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy (AIDP) is the most common type of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) in Europe, following several viral and bacterial infections. Data on AIDP-patients associated with SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus-2) infection are scarce. We describe the case of a 54-years-old Caucasian female patient with typical clinical and electrophysiological manifestations of AIDP, who was reported positive with PCR for SARS-CoV-2, 3\u2009weeks prior to onset of the neurological symptoms. She did not experience a preceding fever or respiratory symptoms, but a transient loss of smell and taste. At the admission to our neurological department, a progressive proximally pronounced paraparesis, areflexia, and sensory loss with tingling of all extremities were found, which began 10\u2009days before. The modified Erasmus Giullain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome outcome score (mEGOS) was 3/9 at admission and 1/12 at day 7 of hospitalization. The electrophysiological assessment proved a segmental demyelinating polyneuropathy and cerebrospinal fluid examination showed an albuminocytologic dissociation. The neurological symptoms improved significantly during treatment with immunoglobulins. Our case draws attention to the occurrence of GBS also in patients with COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), who did not experience respiratory or general symptoms. It emphasizes that SARS-CoV-2 induces immunological processes, regardless from the lack of prodromic symptoms. However, it is likely that there is a connection between the severity of the respiratory syndrome and further neurological consequences."}, {"pmid": 32374952, "title": "Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 - Caution and Context.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Chowkwanyun, Merlin", "Reed, Adolph L Jr"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374952", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284316, "title": "Global crisis: EM and EMJ respond.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Body, Richard", "Carlton, Edward", "Carley, Simon", "Dawood, Mary", "Leech, Caroline", "Smith, Simon S", "Weber, Ellen J"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284316", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32160996, "title": "Covid-19: UK ramps up testing by 500% as health minister tests positive for virus.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160996", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493737, "title": "Ethical considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Sese, Denise", "Ahmad, Mahwish U", "Rajendram, Prabalini"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493737", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The care of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic has added many layers of complexity to ethical issues. Our response emphasizes the importance of having an ethically sound framework to inform our decisions, requiring caregivers to consider what is ethically optimal and feasible for the patient. It is increasingly important to understand the ethical principles and to appropriately apply them to both patient management decisions and guide scarce resource allocation. If we are to be prepared to face the many challenges of this pandemic, we must prioritize the ethical demands to our treatment and management concerns."}, {"pmid": 32406904, "pmcid": "PMC7239236", "title": "Clinical trials: management of investigational products during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Flet, Laurent", "Tching-Sin, Martine", "Chanat, Adeline", "Gendre, Pauline", "Tibi, Annick"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406904", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32433799, "title": "COVID-19 and liver cancer clinical trials: not everything is lost.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["D'Alessio, Antonio", "Personeni, Nicola", "Pressiani, Tiziana", "Bozzarelli, Silvia", "Smiroldo, Valeria", "Simonelli, Matteo", "Lleo, Ana", "Santoro, Armando", "Rimassa, Lorenza"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433799", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first cases in Wuhan, China, during the month of December 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) evolved into a worldwide emergency, becoming one of the deadliest pandemics of modern history. As we write, the outbreak has led to 3,595,662 confirmed cases and 247,652 deaths worldwide1 . SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the disease, is a single-stranded RNA virus which can cause a wide clinical spectrum of symptoms. According to the available knowledge, a large but still unknown percentage of the infected patients remains asymptomatic, representing an important and insidious vehicle of transmission2 . According to the largest case series to date, most of the symptomatic patients complain of a mild respiratory syndrome (81%), while approximately 14% develop a severe disease requiring hospitalization and a further 5% need intensive care3 ."}, {"pmid": 32048560, "pmcid": "PMC7099638", "title": "The global spread of 2019-nCoV: a molecular evolutionary analysis.", "journal": "Pathog Glob Health", "authors": ["Benvenuto, Domenico", "Giovanetti, Marta", "Salemi, Marco", "Prosperi, Mattia", "De Flora, Cecilia", "Junior Alcantara, Luiz Carlos", "Angeletti, Silvia", "Ciccozzi, Massimo"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32048560", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global spread of the 2019-nCoV is continuing and is fast moving, as indicated by the WHO raising the risk assessment to high. In this article, we provide a preliminary phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis of this new virus. A Maximum Clade Credibility tree has been built using the 29 available whole genome sequences of 2019-nCoV and two whole genome sequences that are highly similar sequences from Bat SARS-like Coronavirus available in GeneBank. We are able to clarify the mechanism of transmission among the countries which have provided the 2019-nCoV sequence isolates from their patients. The Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction shows that the 2019-2020 nCoV most probably originated from the Bat SARS-like Coronavirus circulating in the Rhinolophus bat family. In agreement with epidemiological observations, the most likely geographic origin of the new outbreak was the city of Wuhan, China, where 2019-nCoV time of the most recent common ancestor emerged, according to molecular clock analysis, around November 25th, 2019. These results, together with previously recorded epidemics, suggest a recurring pattern of periodical epizootic outbreaks due to Betacoronavirus. Moreover, our study describes the same population genetic dynamic underlying the SARS 2003 epidemic, and suggests the urgent need for the development of effective molecular surveillance strategies of Betacoronavirus among animals and Rhinolophus of the bat family."}, {"pmid": 32186711, "pmcid": "PMC7184445", "title": "Hypothesis: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may increase the risk of severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Diaz, James H"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32186711", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302395, "pmcid": "PMC7188108", "title": "Rapid Development of Telehealth Capabilities within Pediatric Patient Portal Infrastructure for COVID-19 Care: Barriers, Solutions, Results.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Patel, Pious D", "Cobb, Jared", "Wright, Deidre", "Turer, Rob", "Jordan, Tiffany", "Humphrey, Amber", "Kepner, Adrienne L", "Smith, Gaye", "Rosenbloom, S Trent"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302395", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 national emergency has led to surging care demand and the need for unprecedented telehealth expansion. Rapid telehealth expansion can be especially complex for pediatric patients. From the experience of a large academic medical center, this report describes a pathway for efficiently increasing capacity of remote pediatric enrollment for telehealth while fulfilling privacy, security, and convenience concerns. The design and implementation of the process took two days. Weekly enrollment subsequently increased 10-fold for children (age 0-12 years) and 1.2-fold for adolescents (age 13-17 years). Weekly telehealth visits increased 200-fold for children and 90-fold for adolescents. The obstacles and solutions presented in this report can provide guidance to health systems for similar challenges during the COVID-19 response and future disasters."}, {"pmid": 32439956, "pmcid": "PMC7241067", "title": "Management of newborns exposed to mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19.", "journal": "J Perinatol", "authors": ["Amatya, Shaili", "Corr, Tammy E", "Gandhi, Chintan K", "Glass, Kristen M", "Kresch, Mitchell J", "Mujsce, Dennis J", "Oji-Mmuo, Christiana N", "Mola, Sara J", "Murray, Yuanyi L", "Palmer, Timothy W", "Singh, Meenakshi", "Fricchione, Ashley", "Arnold, Jill", "Prentice, Danielle", "Bridgeman, Colin R", "Smith, Brandon M", "Gavigan, Patrick J", "Ericson, Jessica E", "Miller, Jennifer R", "Pauli, Jaimey M", "Williams, Duane C", "McSherry, George D", "Legro, Richard S", "Iriana, Sarah M", "Kaiser, Jeffrey R"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439956", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is limited information about newborns with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. Particularly in the hospital after delivery, clinicians have refined practices in order to prevent secondary infection. While guidance from international associations is continuously being updated, all facets of care of neonates born to women with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 are center-specific, given local customs, building infrastructure constraints, and availability of protective equipment. Based on anecdotal reports from institutions in the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic close to our hospital, together with our limited experience, in anticipation of increasing numbers of exposed newborns, we have developed a triage algorithm at the Penn State Hospital at Milton S. Hershey Medical Center that may be useful for other centers anticipating a similar surge. We discuss several care practices that have changed in the COVID-19 era including the use of antenatal steroids, delayed cord clamping (DCC), mother-newborn separation, and breastfeeding. Moreover, this paper provides comprehensive guidance on the most suitable respiratory support for newborns during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also present detailed recommendations about the discharge process and beyond, including providing scales and home phototherapy to families, parental teaching via telehealth and in-person education at the doors of the hospital, and telehealth newborn follow-up."}, {"pmid": 32380343, "pmcid": "PMC7172715", "title": "Potential threats of COVID-19 on quarantined families.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Ansari, M", "Ahmadi Yousefabad, S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380343", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509258, "pmcid": "PMC7267810", "title": "COVID-19: hemoglobin, iron, and hypoxia beyond inflammation. A narrative review.", "journal": "Clin Pract", "authors": ["Cavezzi, Attilio", "Troiani, Emidio", "Corrao, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509258", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been regarded as an infective-inflammatory disease, which affects mainly lungs. More recently, a multi-organ involvement has been highlighted, with different pathways of injury. A hemoglobinopathy, hypoxia and cell iron overload might have a possible additional role. Scientific literature has pointed out two potential pathophysiological mechanisms: i) severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV- 2) interaction with hemoglobin molecule, through CD147, CD26 and other receptors located on erythrocyte and/or blood cell precursors; ii) hepcidin-mimetic action of a viral spike protein, inducing ferroportin blockage. In this translational medicinebased narrative review, the following pathologic metabolic pathways, deriving from hemoglobin denaturation and iron metabolism dysregulation, are highlighted: i) decrease of functioning hemoglobin quote; ii) iron overload in cell/tissue (hyperferritinemia); iii) release of free toxic circulating heme; iv) hypoxemia and systemic hypoxia; v) reduction of nitric oxide; vi) coagulation activation; vii) ferroptosis with oxidative stress and lipoperoxidation; viii) mitochondrial degeneration and apoptosis. A few clinical syndromes may follow, such as pulmonary edema based on arterial vasoconstriction and altered alveolo-capillary barrier, sideroblastic-like anemia, endotheliitis, vasospastic acrosyndrome, and arterio- venous thromboembolism. We speculated that in COVID-19, beyond the classical pulmonary immune-inflammation view, the occurrence of an oxygen-deprived blood disease, with iron metabolism dysregulation, should be taken in consideration. A more comprehensive diagnostic/therapeutic approach to COVID-19 is proposed, including potential adjuvant interventions aimed at improving hemoglobin dysfunction, iron over-deposit and generalized hypoxic state."}, {"pmid": 32340549, "title": "Evidence-Based Guidelines for Management of Head and Neck Mucosal Malignancies during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Crosby, Dana L", "Sharma, Arun"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340549", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, otolaryngologists face novel challenges when treating patients with head and neck cancer. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current evidence surrounding the treatment of these patients during this pandemic and to provide evidence-based recommendations with attention to increased risk in this setting. A review of the literature was performed with PubMed. Because recently published articles on this topic may not yet be indexed into PubMed, otolaryngology journals were hand searched for relevant articles. Guidelines from national organizations were reviewed to identify additional relevant sources of information. Two groups of search terms were created: one with terms related to COVID-19 and another with terms related to head and neck cancer and its management. Searches were performed of all terms in each group as well as combinations of terms between groups. Searches and subsequent exclusion of articles were performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses). Additional articles were identified after relevant journals and guidelines from national organizations were reviewed. Patients with head and neck mucosal malignancy require continued treatment despite the current pandemic state. Care must be taken at all stages of treatment to minimize the risk to patients and health care workers while maintaining focus on minimizing use of limited resources. Patient care plans should be guided by best available evidence to optimize outcomes while maintaining a safe environment in the setting of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32345741, "title": "Multiplex Ventilation: A Simulation-Based Study of Ventilating 2 Patients With a Single Ventilator.", "journal": "Respir Care", "authors": ["Chatburn, Robert L", "Branson, Richard D", "Hatipoglu, Umur"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345741", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The overwhelming demand for mechanical ventilators due to COVID-19 has stimulated interest in using one ventilator for multiple patients (ie, multiplex ventilation). Despite a plethora of information on the internet, there is little supporting evidence and no human studies. The risk of multiplex ventilation is that ventilation and PEEP effects are largely uncontrollable and depend on the difference between patients' resistance and compliance. It is not clear whether volume control ventilation or pressure control ventilation is safer or more effective. We designed a simulation-based study to allow complete control over the relevant variables to determine the effects of various degrees of resistance-compliance imbalance on tidal volume (VT), end-expiratory lung volume (EELV), and imputed pH. Two separate breathing simulators were ventilated with a ventilator using pressure control and volume control ventilation modes. Evidence-based lung models simulated a range of differences in resistance and compliance (6 pairs of simulated patients). Differences in VT, EELV, and imputed pH were recorded. Depending on differences in resistance and compliance, differences in VT ranged from 1% (with equal resistance and compliance) to 79%. Differences in EELV ranged from 2% to 109%, whereas differences in pH ranged from 0% to 5%. Failure due to excessive VT (ie, > 8 mL/kg) did not occur, but failure due to excessive EELV difference (ie, > 10%) was evident in 50% of patient pairs. There was no difference in failure rate between volume control and pressure control ventilation modes. These experiments confirmed the potential for markedly different ventilation and oxygenation for patients with uneven respiratory system impedances during multiplex ventilation. Three critical problems must be solved to minimize risk: (1) partitioning of inspiratory flow from the ventilator individually between the 2 patients, (2) measurement of VT delivered to each patient, and (3) provision for individual PEEP. We provide suggestions for solving these problems."}, {"pmid": 32492290, "title": "Review of the present features and the infection control challenges of COVID-19 pandemic in dialysis facilities.", "journal": "Kaohsiung J Med Sci", "authors": ["Lee, Jia-Jung", "Hwang, Shang-Jyh", "Huang, Jee-Fu"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492290", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 has swept the world causing suffering, death, loss, and massive economy damage. The dialysis population is vulnerable and the dialysis facility is critical in maintaining operations and avoiding disease transmission. The present information regarding the clinical features of COVID-19 infection in the dialysis population was collected, and the useful measures of COVID-19 infection prevention and infection control in the dialysis facilities were summarized. Leadership, education, preparedness, management, and recovery phase were determined to be the critical procedures. It is hoped this updated interim review might provide information for medical professionals to take proactive action to best prepare and mitigate damage when facing the COVID-19 pandemic challenge."}, {"pmid": 32445083, "pmcid": "PMC7243433", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Management of Patients with Cancer.", "journal": "Target Oncol", "authors": ["Raymond, Eric", "Thieblemont, Catherine", "Alran, Severine", "Faivre, Sandrine"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) outbreak is having a profound impact on the management of patients with cancer. In this review, we comprehensively investigate the various aspects of cancer care during the pandemic, taking advantage of data generated in Asia and Europe at the frontline of the COVID-19 pandemic spread. Cancer wards have been subjected to several modifications to protect patients and healthcare professionals from COVID-19 infection, while attempting to maintain cancer diagnosis, therapy, and research. In this setting, the management of COVID-19 infected patients with cancer is particularly challenging. We also discuss the direct and potential remote impacts of the global pandemic on the mortality of patients with cancer. As such, the indirect impact of the pandemic on the global economy and the potential consequences in terms of cancer mortality are discussed. As the infection is spreading worldwide, we are obtaining more knowledge on the COVID-19 pandemic consequences that are currently impacting and may continue to further challenge cancer care in several countries."}, {"pmid": 32454071, "pmcid": "PMC7245324", "title": "IS TEICOPLANIN A COMPLEMENTARY TREATMENT OPTION FOR COVID-19? THE QUESTION REMAINS.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Ceccarelli, Giancarlo", "Alessandri, Francesco", "d'Ettorre, Gabriella", "Borrazzo, Cristian", "Spagnolello, Ornella", "Oliva, Alessandra", "Ruberto, Franco", "Mastroianni, Claudio M", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Venditti, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454071", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32049461, "title": "Coronavirus : Dr Li Wenliang, lanceur d'alerte, heros et martyr.", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Nau, Jean-Yves"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32049461", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476644, "title": "Optimal Management of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in Adult Patients During the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Gulf J Oncolog", "authors": ["Alhuraiji, Ahmad", "Eldadah, Saleem", "Alfraih, Feras", "Pandita, Ramesh", "Absi, Ahmad", "Hanbali, Amr", "Aljurf, Mahmoud", "El Fakih, Riad"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476644", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of major international concern. In December 2019, an outbreak of atypical pneumonia known as COVID-19 was identified in Wuhan, China. The newly identified zoonotic coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2), is characterized by rapid human-to-human transmission. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients are often in need for intensive chemotherapy to induce remission that will be complicated with prolonged period of cytopenias. They are often recalled to the hospital for treatment and disease surveillance. These patients may be immunocompromised due to the underlying malignancy or anti-cancer therapy. ALL patients are at higher risk of developing life-threatening infections. Several factors increase the risk of infection and the presence of multiple risk factors in the same patient is common. Cancer patients had an estimated 2-fold increased risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 than the general population. With the World Health Organization declaring the novel coronavirus outbreak a pandemic, there is an urgent need to address the impact of such pandemic on ALL patients. This include changes to resource allocation, clinical care, and the consent process during a pandemic. Currently and due to limited data, there are no international guidelines to address the optimal management of ALL patients in any infectious pandemic. In this review, we will address the potential challenges associated with managing ALL patients during the COVID-19 infection pandemic with suggestions of some practical approaches, focusing on screening asymptomatic ALL patients, diagnostic and response evaluation and choice of chemotherapy in different scenarios and setting and use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)."}, {"pmid": 32425334, "pmcid": "PMC7233248", "title": "Sequence mismatch in PCR probes may mask the COVID-19 detection in Nepal.", "journal": "Mol Cell Probes", "authors": ["Rana, Divya Rsjb", "Pokhrel, Nischal"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425334", "countries": ["India", "Nepal"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022Most of the COVID-19 cases in Nepal are in the Southern districts of Nepal bordering India and many cases have travel history to India.\u2022Very few positive cases of COVID-19 are detected in Nepal which could either be due to early national lockdown or inefficiency of PCR methods.\u2022Whole genomes of 93 clinical samples from COVID-19 patients were analysed to find the primer and probe binding sites.\u2022Mutations in probe binding sites were found and this could significantly impact PCR efficiency resulting in false negative results."}, {"pmid": 32268005, "pmcid": "PMC7262232", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection? Improving Our Confidence in a Model-Based Approach to Dose Selection.", "journal": "Clin Transl Sci", "authors": ["Arnold, Samuel L M", "Buckner, Frederick"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268005", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335933, "pmcid": "PMC7267554", "title": "Impact of Potential COVID-19 Treatment on South African Water Sources Already Threatened by Pharmaceutical Pollution.", "journal": "Environ Toxicol Chem", "authors": ["Horn, Suranie", "Vogt, Bianca", "Pieters, Rialet", "Bouwman, Hindrik", "Bezuidenhout, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335933", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450197, "pmcid": "PMC7243791", "title": "Extra-respiratory manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Lai, Chih-Cheng", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Lee, Ping-Ing", "Jean, Shio-Shin", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450197", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global health threat. Although most patients with COVID-19 manifest fever and respiratory tract symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 infection may also involve other organs/systems and present with extra-respiratory manifestations, including cardiac, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, neurological, olfactory, gustatory, ocular, cutaneous and haematological symptoms. Occasionally, these extra-respiratory symptoms/signs represent the initial presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, prior to fever or respiratory manifestations. Therefore, this comprehensive review of the extra-respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 is intended to help clinicians better understand the range of clinical presentations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, allowing the consideration of COVID-19 in differential diagnoses. A screening test for SARS-CoV-2 should be performed when patients have these extra-respiratory manifestations. In addition, clinicians should be alerted to the adverse effects of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents that can mimic the extra-respiratory manifestations of COVID-19. Moreover, some extra-respiratory manifestations, such as ocular and gastrointestinal involvement, may be caused by direct invasion of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, protective measures should be taken while managing the associated clinical specimens. Finally, several extra-respiratory manifestations, such as cardiac involvement, acute kidney injury, coagulation disorders and thrombotic complications, could be associated with a poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32222986, "pmcid": "PMC7228263", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 54 medical staff with COVID-19: A retrospective study in a single center in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chu, Jiaojiao", "Yang, Nan", "Wei, Yanqiu", "Yue, Huihui", "Zhang, Fengqin", "Zhao, Jianping", "He, Li", "Sheng, Gaohong", "Chen, Peng", "Li, Gang", "Wu, Sisi", "Zhang, Bo", "Zhang, Shu", "Wang, Congyi", "Miao, Xiaoping", "Li, Juan", "Liu, Wenhua", "Zhang, Huilan"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222986", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection occurred in Wuhan, and rapidly spread to worldwide, which has attracted many people's concerns about the patients. However, studies on the infection status of medical personnel is still lacking. A total of 54 cases of SARS-Cov-2 infected medical staff from Tongji Hospital between 7 January and 11 February 2020 were analyzed in this retrospective study. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics were compared between different groups by statistical method. From 7 January\u00a0to 11 February 2020, 54 medical staff of Tongji Hospital were hospitalized due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Most of them were from other clinical departments (72.2%) rather than emergency department (3.7%) or medical technology departments (18.5%). Among the 54 patients with COVID-19, the distribution of age had a significant difference between non-severe type and severe/critical cases (median age: 47 years vs\u00a038 years; P\u2009=\u2009.0015). However, there was no statistical difference in terms of gender distribution and the first symptoms between theses two groups. Furthermore, we observed that the lesion regions in SARS-Cov-2 infected lungs with severe-/critical-type of medical staff were more likely to exhibit lesions in the right upper lobe (31.7% vs\u00a00%; P\u2009=\u2009.028) and right lung (61% vs\u00a018.2%;\u00a0P\u2009=\u2009.012). Based on our findings with medical staff infection data, we suggest training for all hospital staff to prevent infection and preparation of sufficient protection and disinfection materials."}, {"pmid": 32333248, "pmcid": "PMC7180653", "title": "Updated diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in children: experts' consensus statement (condensed version of the second edition).", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Shen, Kun-Ling", "Yang, Yong-Hong", "Jiang, Rong-Meng", "Wang, Tian-You", "Zhao, Dong-Chi", "Jiang, Yi", "Lu, Xiao-Xia", "Jin, Run-Ming", "Zheng, Yue-Jie", "Xu, Bao-Ping", "Xie, Zheng-De", "Liu, Zhi-Sheng", "Li, Xing-Wang", "Lin, Li-Kai", "Shang, Yun-Xiao", "Shu, Sai-Nan", "Bai, Yan", "Lu, Min", "Lu, Gen", "Deng, Ji-Kui", "Luo, Wan-Jun", "Xiong, Li-Juan", "Liu, Miao", "Cui, Yu-Xia", "Ye, Le-Ping", "Li, Jia-Fu", "Shao, Jian-Bo", "Gao, Li-Wei", "Wang, Yong-Yan", "Wang, Xue-Feng"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333248", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the early February, 2020, we called up an experts' committee with more than 30 Chinese experts from 11 national medical academic organizations to formulate the first edition of consensus statement on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children, which has been published in this journal. With accumulated experiences in the\u00a0diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in children, we have updated the consensus statement and released the second edition recently. The current version in English is a condensed version of the second edition of consensus statement on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in children.\u00a0In the current version,\u00a0diagnosis and treatement criteria have been optimized, and early identification of severe and critical cases is highlighted. The early warning indicators for severe pediatric\u00a0cases have been summarized which is utmost important for clinical practice. This version of experts consensus will be valuable for better prevention, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in children worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32205317, "title": "Covid-19: give NHS staff rest spaces and free parking not thank yous, says doctor.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205317", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287053, "title": "Use of Handheld Transceiver for Hospital Healthcare Workers-Caregiver Communication During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Pediatric Emergency Department.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Curatola, Antonietta", "Ferretti, Serena", "Gatto, Antonio", "Chiaretti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287053", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321619, "title": "How we mitigate and contain COVID-19 outbreak in hemodialysis center (HD): lessons and experiences.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Su, Ke", "Ma, Yiqiong", "Wang, Yujuan", "Song, Yuan", "Lv, Xifen", "Wei, Zhongping", "Shi, Ming", "Ding, Guohua", "Shen, Bo", "Wang, Huiming"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482298, "pmcid": "PMC7151525", "title": "Capacity in the time of Coronavirus.", "journal": "Int J Law Psychiatry", "authors": ["Ruck Keene, Alex"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482298", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the course of a few short weeks, many of the established legal frameworks relating to decision-making in England & Wales in respect of those with impaired decision-making capacity have been ripped up, or apparently rendered all but unusable. Although the Mental Capacity Act 2005 itself has not been amended, the impact of other legislation (especially the Coronavirus Act 2020) means that duties towards those with impaired decision-making capacity have been radically changed. This article reflects the experience of a practising barrister in England & Wales grappling with the impact of COVID-19 upon the Mental Capacity Act 2005 across a range of fields in the weeks after the world appeared to change in mid-March 2020."}, {"pmid": 32251511, "pmcid": "PMC7153751", "title": "Effectiveness of Surgical and Cotton Masks in Blocking SARS-CoV-2: A Controlled Comparison in 4 Patients.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Bae, Seongman", "Kim, Min-Chul", "Kim, Ji Yeun", "Cha, Hye-Hee", "Lim, Joon Seo", "Jung, Jiwon", "Kim, Min-Jae", "Oh, Dong Kyu", "Lee, Mi-Kyung", "Choi, Seong-Ho", "Sung, Minki", "Hong, Sang-Bum", "Chung, Jin-Won", "Kim, Sung-Han"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251511", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313158, "title": "How COVID-19 lockdowns could lead to a kinder research culture.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Derrick, Gemma"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313158", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343355, "title": "COVID-19 in Prisons and Jails in the United States.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Hawks, Laura", "Woolhandler, Steffie", "McCormick, Danny"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343355", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524957, "title": "SARS-CoV-2-related paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome, an epidemiological study, France, 1 March to 17 May 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Belot, Alexandre", "Antona, Denise", "Renolleau, Sylvain", "Javouhey, Etienne", "Hentgen, Veronique", "Angoulvant, Francois", "Delacourt, Christophe", "Iriart, Xavier", "Ovaert, Caroline", "Bader-Meunier, Brigitte", "Kone-Paut, Isabelle", "Levy-Bruhl, Daniel"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524957", "countries": ["Japan", "France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "End of April 2020, French clinicians observed an increase in cases presenting with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS). Nationwide surveillance was set up and demonstrated temporospatial association with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic for 156 reported cases as at 17 May: 108 were classified as confirmed (n\u202f=\u202f79), probable (n\u202f=\u202f16) or possible (n\u202f=\u202f13) post-COVID-19 PIMS cases. A continuum of clinical features from Kawasaki-like disease to myocarditis was observed, requiring intensive care in 67% of cases."}, {"pmid": 32228363, "pmcid": "PMC7233386", "title": "COVID-19-associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: CT and MRI Features.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Poyiadji, Neo", "Shahin, Gassan", "Noujaim, Daniel", "Stone, Michael", "Patel, Suresh", "Griffith, Brent"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228363", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393681, "title": "Hyper-inflammatory Syndrome in a Child With COVID-19 Treated Successfully With Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Tocilizumab.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Balasubramanian, S", "Nagendran, T M", "Ramachandran, B", "Ramanan, A V"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393681", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438458, "title": "Molecular mechanisms for thrombosis risk in Black people: a role in excess mortality from COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Ramasamy, Roshan", "Milne, Kate", "Bell, Deanne", "Stoneham, Simon", "Chevassut, Timothy"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438458", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496531, "title": "Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Need for a Structurally Competent Health Care System.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Metzl, Jonathan M", "Maybank, Aletha", "De Maio, Fernando"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424851, "pmcid": "PMC7267096", "title": "Therapy for probable COVID-19 associated erythema pernio-like lesions in pediatric age. Case report.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Ruggiero, Giuseppe", "Arcangeli, Fabio", "Lotti, Torello"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424851", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461502, "title": "COVID-19 Waves: Importance of Accumulative Mortality per Million Inhabitants.", "journal": "Tohoku J Exp Med", "authors": ["Delgado, Carlos A", "Shimabuku, Roberto L", "Chiroque-Solano, Pamela M"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461502", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The reported number of new cases underestimates the real spread of COVID-19 pandemic because of non-tested asymptomatic people and limited global access to reliable diagnostic tests. In this context, COVID-19 mortality with confirmed diagnosis becomes an attractive source of information to be included in the analysis of perspectives and proposals. Objective data are required to calculate the capacity of resources provided by health systems. New strategies are needed to stabilize or minimize the mortality surge. However, we will not afford this goal until more alternatives were available. We still need an effective treatment, an affordable vaccine, or a collective achievement of sufficient immunity (reaching up to 70% of the whole population). At any time, the arriving waves of the pandemic are testing the capacity of governments. The health services struggle to keep the plateau in a steady-state below 100 deaths per million inhabitants. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the alternatives and supplies based on the current and near-future expected demands imposed by the number of deaths by COVID-19. Estimating COVID-19 mortality in various scenarios with the gradual release of social constraints will help predict the magnitude of those arriving waves."}, {"pmid": 32311289, "title": "Pursuing a Good Death in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Wang, Samuel S Y", "Teo, Winnie Z Y", "Yee, Chee Wai", "Chai, Yong Woon"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311289", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32113508, "pmcid": "PMC7124371", "title": "Looming threat of COVID-19 infection in Africa: act collectively, and fast.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Nkengasong, John N", "Mankoula, Wessam"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113508", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469114, "pmcid": "PMC7267104", "title": "An update on ACE2 amplification and its therapeutic potential.", "journal": "Acta Physiol (Oxf)", "authors": ["Marquez, Alonso", "Wysocki, Jan", "Pandit, Jay", "Batlle, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469114", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of variety of diseases. Targeting the formation and action of angiotensin II (Ang II), the main RAS peptide, has been the key therapeutic target for last three decades. ACE-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2), a monocarboxypeptidase that had been discovered 20 years ago, is one of the catalytically most potent enzymes known to degrade Ang II to Ang-(1-7), a peptide that is increasingly accepted to have organ -protective properties that oppose and counterbalance those of Ang II. In addition to its role as a RAS enzyme ACE2 is the main receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we discuss various strategies that have been used to achieve amplification of ACE2 activity including the potential therapeutic potential of soluble recombinant ACE2 protein and novel shorter ACE2 variants."}, {"pmid": 32408071, "pmcid": "PMC7201219", "title": "Relation between BCG coverage rate and COVID-19 infection worldwide.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Macedo, A", "Febra, C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408071", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476796, "pmcid": "PMC7243653", "title": "Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of COVID-19: A comprehensive review.", "journal": "World J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Cha, Ming Han", "Regueiro, Miguel", "Sandhu, Dalbir S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476796", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic, manifested by an infectious pneumonia. Although patients primarily present with fever, cough and dyspnea, some patients also develop gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatic manifestations. The most common GI symptoms reported are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort. Liver chemistry abnormalities are common and include elevation of aspartate transferase, alanine transferase, and total bilirubin. Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infects the GI tract via its viral receptor angiotensin converting enzyme II, which is expressed on enterocytes of the ileum and colon. Viral RNA has also been isolated from stool specimens of COVID-19 patients, which raised the concern for fecal-oral transmission in addition to droplet transmission. Although indirect evidence has suggested possible fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2, more effort is needed to establish the role of the fecal-oral transmission route. Further research will help elucidate the association between patients with underlying GI diseases, such as chronic liver disease and inflammatory bowel disease, and severity of COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the data on GI involvement to date, as well as the impact of COVID-19 on underlying GI diseases."}, {"pmid": 32375085, "pmcid": "PMC7162778", "title": "Pathophysiological characteristics and therapeutic approaches for pulmonary injury and cardiovascular complications of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Pathol", "authors": ["Geng, Yong-Jian", "Wei, Zhi-Yao", "Qian, Hai-Yan", "Huang, Ji", "Lodato, Robert", "Castriotta, Richard J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375085", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a major health crisis, with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) having infected over a million people around the world within a few months of its identification as a human pathogen. Initially, SARS-CoV-2 infects cells in the respiratory system and causes inflammation and cell death. Subsequently, the virus spreads out and damages other vital organs and tissues, triggering a complicated spectrum of pathophysiological changes and symptoms, including cardiovascular complications. Acting as the receptor for SARS-CoV entering mammalian cells, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cardiovascular cell function. Diverse clinical manifestations and laboratory abnormalities occur in patients with cardiovascular injury in COVID-19, characterizing the development of this complication, as well as providing clues to diagnosis and treatment. This review provides a summary of the rapidly appearing laboratory and clinical evidence for the pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches to COVID-19 pulmonary and cardiovascular complications."}, {"pmid": 31992387, "pmcid": "PMC6988269", "title": "Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Corman, Victor M", "Landt, Olfert", "Kaiser, Marco", "Molenkamp, Richard", "Meijer, Adam", "Chu, Daniel Kw", "Bleicker, Tobias", "Brunink, Sebastian", "Schneider, Julia", "Schmidt, Marie Luisa", "Mulders, Daphne Gjc", "Haagmans, Bart L", "van der Veer, Bas", "van den Brink, Sharon", "Wijsman, Lisa", "Goderski, Gabriel", "Romette, Jean-Louis", "Ellis, Joanna", "Zambon, Maria", "Peiris, Malik", "Goossens, Herman", "Reusken, Chantal", "Koopmans, Marion Pg", "Drosten, Christian"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31992387", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) poses a challenge for public health laboratories as virus isolates are unavailable while there is growing evidence that the outbreak is more widespread than initially thought, and international spread through travellers does already occur. We aimed to develop and deploy robust diagnostic methodology for use in public health laboratory settings without having virus material available. Here we present a validated diagnostic workflow for 2019-nCoV, its design relying on close genetic relatedness of 2019-nCoV with SARS coronavirus, making use of synthetic nucleic acid technology. The workflow reliably detects 2019-nCoV, and further discriminates 2019-nCoV from SARS-CoV. Through coordination between academic and public laboratories, we confirmed assay exclusivity based on 297 original clinical specimens containing a full spectrum of human respiratory viruses. Control material is made available through European Virus Archive - Global (EVAg), a European Union infrastructure project. The present study demonstrates the enormous response capacity achieved through coordination of academic and public laboratories in national and European research networks."}, {"pmid": 32245780, "title": "COVID-19 and the Inpatient Dialysis Unit: Managing Resources during Contingency Planning Pre-Crisis.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Burgner, Anna", "Ikizler, T Alp", "Dwyer, Jamie P"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245780", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495830, "title": "Rapid Deployment of Inpatient Telemedicine In Response to COVID-19 Across Three Health Systems.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Vilendrer, Stacie", "Patel, Birju", "Chadwick, Whitney", "Hwa, Michael", "Asch, Steven", "Pageler, Natalie", "Ramdeo, Rajiv", "Saliba-Gustafsson, Erika A", "Strong, Philip", "Sharp, Christopher"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495830", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To reduce pathogen exposure, conserve personal protective equipment, and facilitate health care personnel work participation in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, three affiliated institutions rapidly and independently deployed inpatient telemedicine programs during March 2020. We describe key features and early learnings of these programs in the hospital setting. Relevant clinical and operational leadership from an academic medical center, pediatric teaching hospital, and safety net county health system met to share learnings shortly after deploying inpatient telemedicine. A summative analysis of their learnings was re-circulated for approval. All three institutions faced pressure to urgently standup new telemedicine systems while still maintaining secure information exchange. Differences across patient demographics and technological capabilities led to variation in solution design, though key technical considerations were similar. Rapid deployment in each system relied on readily available consumer-grade technology, given the existing familiarity to patients and clinicians and minimal infrastructure investment. Preliminary data from the academic medical center over one month suggested positive adoption with 631 inpatient video calls lasting an average (standard deviation) of 16.5 minutes (19.6) based on inclusion criteria. The threat of an imminent surge of COVID-19 patients drove three institutions to rapidly develop inpatient telemedicine solutions. Concurrently, federal and state regulators temporarily relaxed restrictions that would have previously limited these efforts. Strategic direction from executive leadership, leveraging off-the-shelf hardware, vendor engagement, and clinical workflow integration facilitated rapid deployment. The rapid deployment of inpatient telemedicine is feasible across diverse settings as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32428811, "pmcid": "PMC7217098", "title": "Exercise as medicine for COVID-19: An ACE in the hole?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Heffernan, Kevin S", "Jae, Sae Young"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428811", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389601, "pmcid": "PMC7196400", "title": "The Role of Repeat Chest CT Scan in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Mahdavi, Ali", "Haseli, Sara", "Mahdavi, Arash", "Bakhshayeshkaram, Mehrdad", "Foroumandi, Morteza", "Nekooghadam, Sayyed Mojtaba", "Raoufi, Masoomeh", "Taheri, Morteza Sanei"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389601", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432976, "title": "COVID-19 and civil war in Libya: the current situation.", "journal": "Pathog Glob Health", "authors": ["Elhadi, Muhammed", "Msherghi, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432976", "countries": ["Libya"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305443, "pmcid": "PMC7161526", "title": "United States Cutaneous Lymphoma Consortium recommendations for treatment of cutaneous lymphomas during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Zic, John A", "Ai, Weiyun", "Akilov, Oleg E", "Carter, Joi B", "Duvic, Madeleine", "Foss, Francine", "Girardi, Michael", "Gru, Alejandro A", "Kim, Ellen", "Musiek, Amy", "Olsen, Elise A", "Schieke, Stefan M", "Shinohara, Michi", "Zain, Jasmine M", "Geskin, Larisa J"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305443", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409490, "title": "Ethics in a time of coronavirus.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Boyd, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409490", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385131, "pmcid": "PMC7246102", "title": "Providing uninterrupted care during COVID-19 pandemic: experience from Beijing Tiantan Hospital.", "journal": "Stroke Vasc Neurol", "authors": ["Wang, Xiaoyan", "Chen, Yu", "Li, Zixiao", "Wang, David", "Wang, Yongjun"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385131", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has already stressed the healthcare system in the world. Many hospitals have been overwhelmed by the large number of patients with COVID-19. Due to the shortage of equipment and personnel and the highly contagious nature of COVID-19, many other healthcare services are on hold. However, at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, a rapid response system has been in place so that routine care is not interrupted. We, therefore, would like to share our hospital-wide prevention and management policy during this pandemic to help other healthcare systems to function in this crisis. Tiantan hospital is one of the leading neuroscience institutions in the world. With 1650 beds, its annual inpatient admission exceeds 30\u2009000 patients. Its COVID-19 rapid response policy was reviewed for its functionality. There are nine key components of this policy: an incident management system; a comprehensive infection prevention and control, outpatient triage and flow system; a designated fever clinic; patient screening and administration; optimised surgical operations, enhanced nucleic acid testing; screening of returning employees; and a supervision and feedback system. In addition, a specific protocol was designed for treating patients with acute stroke. A comprehensive policy is helpful to protect the employee from infection and to provide quality and uninterrupted care to all who need these, including patients with acute ischaemic stroke."}, {"pmid": 32449490, "title": "A letter to the editor: the impact of COVID-19 on intercalating and non-clinical medical students in the UK.", "journal": "Med Educ Online", "authors": ["Abedi, Mohsin", "Abedi, Dina"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449490", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411296, "pmcid": "PMC7213544", "title": "Child and adolescent mental health service provision and research during the Covid-19 pandemic: challenges, opportunities, and a call for submissions.", "journal": "Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health", "authors": ["Witt, Andreas", "Ordonez, Anna", "Martin, Andres", "Vitiello, Benedetto", "Fegert, Jorg M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411296", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305159, "pmcid": "PMC7156951", "title": "Adaption of the emergency department decontamination room for airway management during COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Sampson, Christopher S"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305159", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405267, "pmcid": "PMC7217766", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Diabetes Research in Canada.", "journal": "Can J Diabetes", "authors": ["Dyck, Jason R B"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405267", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294704, "pmcid": "PMC7135926", "title": "Structured thoracic computed tomography report for COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Einstein (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Shoji, Hamilton", "Fonseca, Eduardo Kaiser Ururahy Nunes", "Teles, Gustavo Borges da Silva", "Passos, Rodrigo Bastos Duarte", "Yanata, Elaine", "Silva, Murilo Marques Almeida", "Funari, Marcelo Buarque de Gusmao", "Sasdelli Neto, Roberto", "Ishikawa, Walther Yoshiharu", "Chate, Rodrigo Caruso", "Szarf, Gilberto"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294704", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531421, "pmcid": "PMC7283070", "title": "Reflection on SARS-CoV-2 infection of container ship seafarers.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dai, Qi", "Hu, Supei", "Yan, Kun", "Chen, Zhang", "Chen, Bin", "Cai, Ting", "Zhang, Shun", "Zhang, Jingfeng", "Zheng, Jianjun"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531421", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32111295, "pmcid": "PMC7130979", "title": "Wuhan novel coronavirus (COVID-19): why global control is challenging?", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Lee, A"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32111295", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485315, "pmcid": "PMC7260494", "title": "Diabetes and severity of COVID-19: What is the link?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Pitocco, D", "Viti, L", "Tartaglione, L", "Di Leo, M", "Rizzo, G E", "Manto, A", "Rizzi, A", "Caputo, S", "Pontecorvi, A"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485315", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Diabetes Mellitus the loss of capacity to regulate immunity, the reduction of pulmonary functions and the pro-thrombotic state determine the severity of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32329159, "pmcid": "PMC7264767", "title": "Thoughts on What Chemists Can Contribute to Fighting SARS-CoV-2 - A Short Note on Hand Sanitizers, Drug Candidates and Outreach.", "journal": "Angew Chem Int Ed Engl", "authors": ["Opatz, Till", "Senn-Bilfinger, Joerg", "Richert, Clemens"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329159", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak causing the respiratory disease COVID-19 has left many chemists in academia without an obvious option to contribute to fighting the pandemic. Some of our recent experiences indicate that there are ways to overcome this dilemma. A three-pronged approach is proposed."}, {"pmid": 32492764, "title": "Stroke care during the Covid-19 pandemic: Experience from three large European countries.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Bersano, Anna", "Kraemer, Markus", "Touze, Emmanuel", "Weber, Ralph", "Alamowitch, Sonia", "Sibon, Igor", "Pantoni, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492764", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy", "France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To cope with the exponentially increasing number of patients infected by SARS-Cov-2, European countries carried out enormous efforts to reorganize medical assistance, and several diseases, including stroke, were particularly impacted. Herein, we report the experience of stroke neurologists from three European countries, Italy, France and Germany, that faced the pandemic at diverse time points and with different approaches, depending on their resources and health care system organization. Pre-hospital and in-hospital acute stroke pathways were reorganized to prioritize COVID-19 management, and, in severely affected regions of Italy and France, stroke care was centralized to a limited number of centers while remaining stroke units were dedicated to COVID-19 patients. The access to acute stroke diagnostics and time dependent therapies was limited or delayed because of reduced capacities of emergency services due to the burden of COVID-19 patients. A marked reduction in the number of patients presenting with TIA and stroke was noted in the emergency departments of all three countries. Although we have only preliminary data, overall these conditions may have affected stroke outcome. These indirect effects of COVID-19 pandemic could vanish the last years' efforts of stroke neurologists to improve outcome and reduce mortality of stroke patients. Although SARS-Cov-2 infection rate is slowing down in Europe, the effects of the ending lockdown in the next months are unpredictable. It is important for the European and world stroke community to share the experience learned so far to prepare for the next future and upcoming challenging times in the care of stroke patients."}, {"pmid": 32334650, "pmcid": "PMC7180035", "title": "Myocarditis in a patient with COVID-19: a cause of raised troponin and ECG changes.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Doyen, Denis", "Moceri, Pamela", "Ducreux, Dorothee", "Dellamonica, Jean"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334650", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516374, "title": "Deployment of Information Technology to Facilitate Patient Care in the Isolation Ward during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Tsai, Ming-Ju", "Tsai, Wen-Tsung", "Pan, Hui-Sheng", "Hu, Chia-Kuei", "Chou, An-Ni", "Juang, Shian-Fei", "Huang, Ming-Kuo", "Hou, Ming-Feng"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516374", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320004, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Castagnoli, Riccardo", "Votto, Martina", "Licari, Amelia", "Brambilla, Ilaria", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Perlini, Stefano", "Rovida, Francesca", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Marseglia, Gian Luigi"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320004", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current rapid worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection justifies the global effort to identify effective preventive strategies and optimal medical management. While data are available for adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), limited reports have analyzed pediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. To evaluate currently reported pediatric cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. An extensive search strategy was designed to retrieve all articles published from December 1, 2019, to March 3, 2020, by combining the terms coronavirus and coronavirus infection in several electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL), and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Retrospective cross-sectional and case-control studies, case series and case reports, bulletins, and national reports about the pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. The risk of bias for eligible observational studies was assessed according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guideline. A total of 815 articles were identified. Eighteen studies with 1065 participants (444 patients were younger than\u200910 years, and 553 were aged 10 to 19 years) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the final analysis. All articles reflected research performed in China, except for 1 clinical case in Singapore. Children at any age were mostly reported to have mild respiratory symptoms, namely fever, dry cough, and fatigue, or were asymptomatic. Bronchial thickening and ground-glass opacities were the main radiologic features, and these findings were also reported in asymptomatic patients. Among the included articles, there was only 1 case of severe COVID-19 infection, which occurred in a 13-month-old infant. No deaths were reported in children aged 0 to 9 years. Available data about therapies were limited. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that assesses and summarizes clinical features and management of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The rapid spread of COVID-19 across the globe and the lack of European and US data on pediatric patients require further epidemiologic and clinical studies to identify possible preventive and therapeutic strategies."}, {"pmid": 32530989, "title": "Abnormal Liver Function Tests of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Mainland China: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis.", "journal": "J Gastrointestin Liver Dis", "authors": ["Xin, Shengliang", "Xu, Jinghang", "Yu, Yanyan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530989", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Comparing the risk of abnormal liver function tests between severe and non-severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by meta-analysis. A literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using fixed- or random-effects models. Publication bias was detected by the Harbord test. We included 8 articles comprising 7,467 COVID-19 patients. When compared between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients, the pooled ORs of elevated alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase levels were 2.35 (95% CI 1.38-3.98), 3.21 (95% CI 2.59-3.98), 1.87 (95% CI 1.32-2.65), and 4.83 (95% CI 2.90-8.05), respectively. The severity of COVID-19 is associated with liver damage, and can be a risk factor for abnormal liver function tests."}, {"pmid": 32306118, "pmcid": "PMC7166003", "title": "COVID-19 in otolaryngologist practice: a review of current knowledge.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Krajewska, Joanna", "Krajewski, Wojciech", "Zub, Krzysztof", "Zatonski, Tomasz"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306118", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Otorhinolaryngological manifestations are common symptoms of COVID-19. This study provides a brief and precise review of the current knowledge regarding COVID-19, including disease transmission, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and potential treatment. The article focused on COVID-19-related information useful in otolaryngologist practice. The Medline and Web of Science databases were searched without a time limit using terms \"COVID-19\", \"SARS-CoV-2\" in conjunction with \"otorhinolaryngological manifestation\", \"ENT\", and \"olfaction\". The most common otolaryngological dysfunctions of COVID-19 were cough, sore throat, and dyspnea. Rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and dizziness were also present. COVID-19 could manifest as an isolated sudden hyposmia/anosmia. Upper respiratory tract (URT) symptoms were commonly observed in younger patients and usually appeared initially. They could be present even before the molecular confirmation of SARS-CoV-2. Otolaryngologists are of great risk of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 as they cope with URT. ENT surgeons could be easily infected by SARS-CoV-2 during performing surgery in COVID-19 patients. Ear, nose and throat (ENT) symptoms may precede the development of severe COVID-19. During COVID-19 pandemic, patients with cough, sore throat, dyspnea, hyposmia/anosmia and a history of travel to the region with confirmed COVID-19 patients, should be considered as potential COVID-19 cases. An otolaryngologist should wear FFP3/N95 mask, glasses, disposable and fluid resistant gloves and gown while examining such individuals. Not urgent ENT surgeries should be postponed. Additional studies analyzing why some patients develop ENT symptoms during COVID-19 and others do not are needed. Further research is needed to determine the mechanism leading to anosmia."}, {"pmid": 32322034, "title": "Hundreds of people volunteer to be infected with coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322034", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470229, "title": "An introduction to economic studies, health emergencies, and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Evid Based Med", "authors": ["Clarke, Lorcan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470229", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created widespread harm and disruption. Countries have implemented unprecedented measures to protect the lives and livelihoods of their inhabitants. The scope and composition of these responses are shaped, in part, by research and analysis about the estimated economic impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic and proposed responses to it. This analysis outlines basic features and principles involved in economic studies, specifically economic impact studies and economic evaluations, which have formed a significant part of the ever-increasing evidence base about COVID-19. This analysis introduces economic studies in this context, highlighting what they can do, their limitations, and key steps involved in conducting them. It highlights examples of economic analysis focused on COVID-19 and on health emergencies and disasters more broadly. Knowing how economic studies are conducted, and their limitations, will help introduce how their findings can be a useful, usable, and used part of efforts to tackle this global health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32386993, "pmcid": "PMC7194906", "title": "Considerations and strategies in the organisation of obstetric anaesthesia care during the 2019 COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore.", "journal": "Int J Obstet Anesth", "authors": ["Lee, J S E", "Goy, R W L", "Sng, B L", "Lew, E"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386993", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The provision of safe obstetric anaesthesia services is essential during the COVID-19 global outbreak. The identification of the 'high-infection risk' parturient can be challenging especially with the rapidly changing risk criteria for COVID-19 'cases'. A multidisciplinary taskforce is required to review the infection control protocols and workflows for managing the parturient for labour analgesia and for Caesarean section in order to minimize infection risk to healthcare staff and other parturients. A constant review of such processes is needed to enhance efficiency and to optimise use of finite resources. Good communication between health officials, institutional leadership and ground staff is essential for the dissemination of information."}, {"pmid": 32505074, "pmcid": "PMC7263261", "title": "The use of aspirated consonants during speech may increase the transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Georgiou, Georgios P", "Kilani, Ahmad"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505074", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32040190, "pmcid": "PMC7017878", "title": "A qualitative study of zoonotic risk factors among rural communities in southern China.", "journal": "Int Health", "authors": ["Li, Hong-Ying", "Zhu, Guang-Jian", "Zhang, Yun-Zhi", "Zhang, Li-Biao", "Hagan, Emily A", "Martinez, Stephanie", "Chmura, Aleksei A", "Francisco, Leilani", "Tai, Hina", "Miller, Maureen", "Daszak, Peter"], "date": "2020-02-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32040190", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Strategies are urgently needed to mitigate the risk of zoonotic disease emergence in southern China, where pathogens with zoonotic potential are known to circulate in wild animal populations. However, the risk factors leading to emergence are poorly understood, which presents a challenge in developing appropriate mitigation strategies for local communities. Residents in rural communities of Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces were recruited and enrolled in this study. Data were collected through ethnographic interviews and field observations, and thematically coded and analysed to identify both risk and protective factors for zoonotic disease emergence at the individual, community and policy levels. Eighty-eight ethnographic interviews and 55 field observations were conducted at nine selected sites. Frequent human-animal interactions and low levels of environmental biosecurity in local communities were identified as risks for zoonotic disease emergence. Policies and programmes existing in the communities provide opportunities for zoonotic risk mitigation. This study explored the relationship among zoonotic risk and human behaviour, environment and policies in rural communities in southern China. It identifies key behavioural risk factors that can be targeted for development of tailored risk-mitigation strategies to reduce the threat of novel zoonoses."}, {"pmid": 32374440, "pmcid": "PMC7267615", "title": "AGS Position Statement: Resource Allocation Strategies and Age-Related Considerations in the COVID-19 Era and Beyond.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Farrell, Timothy W", "Ferrante, Lauren E", "Brown, Teneille", "Francis, Leslie", "Widera, Eric", "Rhodes, Ramona", "Rosen, Tony", "Hwang, Ula", "Witt, Leah J", "Thothala, Niranjan", "Liu, Shan W", "Vitale, Caroline A", "Braun, Ursula K", "Stephens, Caroline", "Saliba, Debra"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374440", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 continues to impact older adults disproportionately, from severe illness and hospitalization to increased mortality risk. Concurrently, concerns about potential shortages of healthcare professionals and health supplies to address these needs have focused attention on how resources are ultimately allocated and used. Some strategies misguidedly use age as an arbitrary criterion, which inappropriately disfavors older adults. This statement represents the official policy position of the American Geriatrics Society (AGS). It is intended to inform stakeholders including hospitals, health systems, and policymakers about ethical considerations to consider when developing strategies for allocating scarce resources during an emergency involving older adults. Members of the AGS Ethics Committee collaborated with interprofessional experts in ethics, law, nursing, and medicine (including geriatrics, palliative care, emergency medicine, and pulmonology/critical care) to conduct a structured literature review and examine relevant reports. The resulting recommendations defend a particular view of distributive justice that maximizes relevant clinical factors and de-emphasizes or eliminates factors placing arbitrary, disproportionate weight on advanced age. The AGS positions include: (1) avoiding age per se as a means for excluding anyone from care; (2) assessing comorbidities and considering the disparate impact of social determinants of health; (3) encouraging decision makers to focus primarily on potential short-term (not long-term) outcomes; (4) avoiding ancillary criteria such as \"life-years saved\" and \"long-term predicted life expectancy\" that might disadvantage older people; (5) forming and staffing triage committees tasked with allocating scarce resources; (6) developing institutional resource allocation strategies that are transparent and applied uniformly; and (7) facilitating appropriate advance care planning. The statement includes recommendations that should be immediately implemented to address resource allocation strategies during COVID-19, aligning with AGS positions. The statement also includes recommendations for post-pandemic review. Such review would support revised strategies to ensure that governments and institutions have equitable emergency resource allocation strategies, avoid future discriminatory language and practice, and have appropriate guidance to develop national frameworks for emergent resource allocation decisions."}, {"pmid": 32311132, "pmcid": "PMC7264675", "title": "Scarcity in the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Hastings Cent Rep", "authors": ["Solomon, Mildred Z", "Wynia, Matthew", "Gostin, Lawrence O"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311132", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As we write, U.S. cities and states with extensive community transmission of Covid-19 are in harm's way-not only because of the disease itself but also because of prior and current failures to act. During the 2009 influenza pandemic, public health agencies and hospitals developed but never adequately implemented preparedness plans. Focused on efficiency in a competitive market, health systems had few incentives to maintain stockpiles of essential medical equipment. Just-in-time economic models resulted in storage of only those supplies needed then. At the same time, global purchasing in search of lower prices reduced the number of U.S. suppliers, with hospitals dependent on foreign companies. There is still a possibility that the pandemic will be manageably bad rather than unmanageably catastrophic in this country. Immediate, powerful, and sustained federal action could make the difference."}, {"pmid": 32454394, "pmcid": "PMC7231757", "title": "Arterial thrombosis and coronavirus disease 2019 in a patient with cancer.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Nassabein, Rami", "Routy, Bertrand", "Blais, Normand", "Ayoub, Jean-Pierre", "Tehfe, Mustapha"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454394", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436055, "pmcid": "PMC7238393", "title": "COVID-19 sends STEMI to quarantine!?", "journal": "Clin Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Abdi, Seifollah", "Salarifar, Mojtaba", "Mortazavi, Seyedeh Hamideh", "Sadeghipour, Parham", "Geraiely, Babak"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436055", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497257, "title": "A lesson from a saboteur: high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) impact in COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Colarusso, Chiara", "Terlizzi, Michela", "Pinto, Aldo", "Sorrentino, Rosalinda"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497257", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified coronavirus which has spread from China to the rest of the world causing the pandemic coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). It has fatality rate that floats from 5 to 15% and the symptoms are fever, cough, myalgia and/or fatigue up to dyspnea, responsible for hospitalization and in most of the cases of artificial oxygenation. In the attempt to understand how the virus spreads and how to pharmacologically abolish it, it was highlighted that SARS-CoV-2 infects human cells by means of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro ). Once bound to its receptor ACE2, the other two proteases, in concert with the receptor-mediated signaling, allow virus replication and spread throughout the body. Our attention has been focused on the role of ACE2 in that its blockade by the virus increases Bradykinin and its metabolites, well known to facilitate inflammation in the lung (responsible for cough and fever), facilitate both the coagulation and complement system, three mechanisms that are typical of angioedema, cardiovascular dysfunction and sepsis, pathologies which symptoms occur in COVID-19 patients. Thus, we propose to pharmacologically block the kallikrein-kinin system upstream bradykinin and the ensuing inflammation, coagulation and complement activation by means of lanadelumab, which is a clinically approved drug for hereditary angioedema."}, {"pmid": 32488270, "title": "Outbreak of COVID-19 - an urgent need for good science to silence our fears?", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Lum, Lionel Hon Wai", "Tambyah, Paul Ananth"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488270", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259853, "title": "Nuclear medicine in SARS-CoV-2 pandemia: 18F-FDG-PET/CT to visualize COVID-19.", "journal": "Nuklearmedizin", "authors": ["Lutje, Susanne", "Marinova, Milka", "Kutting, Daniel", "Attenberger, Ulrike", "Essler, Markus", "Bundschuh, Ralph Alexander"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259853", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has reached multiple countries worldwide. While the number of newly diagnosed cases and fatalities is rising quickly, far-reaching measures were enacted to prevent further spread. Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, exposure history, PCR using specimens from the respiratory tract together with computed tomography (CT) imaging. One of the hallmarks of a critical course of COVID-19 is the development of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As management of COVID-19 can be considered a multi-disciplinary approach involving various medical specialties, we here review the first 18F-FDG-PET/CT scans of COVID-19 to discuss how Nuclear Medicine could contribute to management of this disease."}, {"pmid": 32131537, "pmcid": "PMC7141184", "title": "Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Al-Qaness, Mohammed A A", "Ewees, Ahmed A", "Fan, Hong", "Abd El Aziz, Mohamed"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32131537", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, called COVID-19, was discovered in Wuhan, China, and has spread to different cities in China as well as to 24 other countries. The number of confirmed cases is increasing daily and reached 34,598 on 8 February 2020. In the current study, we present a new forecasting model to estimate and forecast the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the upcoming ten days based on the previously confirmed cases recorded in China. The proposed model is an improved adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) using an enhanced flower pollination algorithm (FPA) by using the salp swarm algorithm (SSA). In general, SSA is employed to improve FPA to avoid its drawbacks (i.e., getting trapped at the local optima). The main idea of the proposed model, called FPASSA-ANFIS, is to improve the performance of ANFIS by determining the parameters of ANFIS using FPASSA. The FPASSA-ANFIS model is evaluated using the World Health Organization (WHO) official data of the outbreak of the COVID-19 to forecast the confirmed cases of the upcoming ten days. More so, the FPASSA-ANFIS model is compared to several existing models, and it showed better performance in terms of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Squared Relative Error (RMSRE), Root Mean Squared Relative Error (RMSRE), coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), and computing time. Furthermore, we tested the proposed model using two different datasets of weekly influenza confirmed cases in two countries, namely the USA and China. The outcomes also showed good performances."}, {"pmid": 32401598, "title": "COVID-19 Real-time RTPCR: Does Positivity on Follow up RTPCR Always Imply Infectivity?", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Suri, Tejas", "Mittal, Saurabh", "Tiwari, Pawan", "Mohan, Anant", "Hadda, Vijay", "Madan, Karan", "Guleria, Randeep"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401598", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350542, "title": "Beyond acute care: Why collaborative self-management should be an essential part of rehabilitation pathways for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Wainwright, Thomas W", "Low, Matthew"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350542", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470593, "pmcid": "PMC7248629", "title": "Can COVID-19 related mental health issues be measured?", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Ransing, Ramdas", "Ramalho, Rodrigo", "Orsolini, Laura", "Adiukwu, Frances", "Gonzalez-Diaz, Jairo M", "Larnaout, Amine", "Pinto da Costa, Mariana", "Grandinetti, Paolo", "Bytyci, Drita Gashi", "Shalbafan, Mohammadreza", "Patil, Ishwar", "Nofal, Marwa", "Pereira-Sanchez, Victor", "Kilic, Ozge"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470593", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253201, "title": "Breast feeding at the time of COVID-19: do not forget expressed mother's milk, please.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed", "authors": ["Davanzo, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253201", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219357, "title": "Cardiac Involvement in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Inciardi, Riccardo M", "Lupi, Laura", "Zaccone, Gregorio", "Italia, Leonardo", "Raffo, Michela", "Tomasoni, Daniela", "Cani, Dario S", "Cerini, Manuel", "Farina, Davide", "Gavazzi, Emanuele", "Maroldi, Roberto", "Adamo, Marianna", "Ammirati, Enrico", "Sinagra, Gianfranco", "Lombardi, Carlo M", "Metra, Marco"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219357", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Virus infection has been widely described as one of the most common causes of myocarditis. However, less is known about the cardiac involvement as a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To describe the presentation of acute myocardial inflammation in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who recovered from the influenzalike syndrome and developed fatigue and signs and symptoms of heart failure a week after upper respiratory tract symptoms. This case report describes an otherwise healthy 53-year-old woman who tested positive for COVID-19 and was admitted to the cardiac care unit in March 2020 for acute myopericarditis with systolic dysfunction, confirmed on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, the week after onset of fever and dry cough due to COVID-19. The patient did not show any respiratory involvement during the clinical course. Cardiac involvement with COVID-19. Detection of cardiac involvement with an increase in levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity troponin T, echocardiography changes, and diffuse biventricular myocardial edema and late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. An otherwise healthy 53-year-old white woman presented to the emergency department with severe fatigue. She described fever and dry cough the week before. She was afebrile but hypotensive; electrocardiography showed diffuse ST elevation, and elevated high-sensitivity troponin T and NT-proBNP levels were detected. Findings on chest radiography were normal. There was no evidence of obstructive coronary disease on coronary angiography. Based on the COVID-19 outbreak, a nasopharyngeal swab was performed, with a positive result for SARS-CoV-2 on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed increased wall thickness with diffuse biventricular hypokinesis, especially in the apical segments, and severe left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction of 35%). Short tau inversion recovery and T2-mapping sequences showed marked biventricular myocardial interstitial edema, and there was also diffuse late gadolinium enhancement involving the entire biventricular wall. There was a circumferential pericardial effusion that was most notable around the right cardiac chambers. These findings were all consistent with acute myopericarditis. She was treated with dobutamine, antiviral drugs (lopinavir/ritonavir), steroids, chloroquine, and medical treatment for heart failure, with progressive clinical and instrumental stabilization. This case highlights cardiac involvement as a complication associated with COVID-19, even without symptoms and signs of interstitial pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32282224, "title": "COVID-19 and Renin Angiotensin Blockers: Current Evidence and Recommendations.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Messerli, Franz H", "Siontis, George C M", "Rexhaj, Emrush"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282224", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506507, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and lockdown in a Northern Italy hospital. Comparison with Scandinavian no-lockdown country.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Carbone, F", "Montecucco, F"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506507", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has evolved with cases of local transmission soon after the detection of imported cases in affected countries. However, the pandemic did not reach all countries at the same time and our country (Italy) had to act as forerunners."}, {"pmid": 32425477, "pmcid": "PMC7233235", "title": "Pandemic and the Role of the Program Director as Gatekeeper.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Potts, John R 3rd"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425477", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482811, "title": "In other Covid-19 news.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482811", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343650, "title": "Excess Mortality Estimation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preliminary Data from Portugal.", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Nogueira, Paulo Jorge", "Nobre, Miguel De Araujo", "Nicola, Paulo Jorge", "Furtado, Cristina", "Vaz Carneiro, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343650", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Portugal is experiencing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic since March 2020. All-causes mortality in Portugal increased during March and April 2020 compared to previous years, but this increase is not explained by COVID-19 reported deaths. The aim of this study was to analyze and consider other criteria for estimating excessive all-cause mortality during the early COVID-19 pandemic period. Public data was used to estimate excess mortality by age and region between March 1 and April 22, proposing baselines adjusted for the lockdown period. An excess mortality of 2400 to 4000 deaths was observed. Excess mortality was associated with older age groups (over age 65) [corrected]. The data suggests a ternary explanation for early excess mortality: COVID-19, non-identified COVID-19 and decrease in access to healthcare. The estimates have implications in terms of communication of non-pharmaceutical actions, for research, and to healthcare professionals. Despite the inherent uncertainty, the excess mortality occurred between March 1 and April 22 could be 3.5- to 5-fold higher than what can be explained by the official COVID-19 deaths [corrected]."}, {"pmid": 32516506, "title": "Additive treatment considerations in COVID-19 - the clinician s perspective on extracorporeal adjunctive purification techniques.", "journal": "Artif Organs", "authors": ["Swol, Justyna", "Lorusso, Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516506", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this document is to inform the scientific community of sparse preliminary results regarding advanced supportive therapies and technology-driven systems in addition to highlighting the benefits and possibilities of performing concise research during challenging times. Advanced organ support for lung and heart offers the possibility to buy the time needed for recovery. However, remaining a bridging strategy, extracorporeal life support cannot act as the ultimate treatment of the underlying COVID-19 disease. Appropriate patient selection criteria addressed by experts and scientific organizations, such Extracorporeal Life Support Organization and World Health Organization may provide significant help in the difficult decision-making and to reduce mortality in patients with profound respiratory and/or cardiac failure due to COVID-19. Severe, systemic cytokine-mediated inflammation associated with the SARS-CoV-2 has also been described. Effects of crosstalk between coagulation and inflammatory pathways appear to significantly affect disease progression and lead to poor outcomes. Multiple therapeutic strategies, including antibody therapies (such as Tocilizumab, Sarilumab, Siltuximab), therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), and blood purification techniques for direct removal of cytokines, including filtration, dialysis (diffusion), and adsorption are available. Further, we believe, that research should be facilitated and promoted, particularly under the guidance of recognized scientific societies or expert-based multicenter investigation, with rapid communication of critical and relevant information to enhance better appraisal of patient profiles, complications, and treatment modalities."}, {"pmid": 32414708, "title": "Airway management considerations in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Chahar, Praveen", "Dugar, Sidharth", "Marciniak, Donn"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Approximately 12% to 15% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection require invasive ventilation via endotracheal intubation. The key to minimizing risk of disease transmission during this aerosol-generating procedure is careful preparation, which includes having necessary equipment and medications on hand as well as an experienced intubation team who can troubleshoot any unforeseen complications. Personal protective equipment should be donned and doffed in the presence of an assistant (ie, \"buddy\" system)."}, {"pmid": 32418784, "pmcid": "PMC7205637", "title": "Oral Radiology Center as a Potential Source of COVID-19 Transmission; Points to Consider.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Saki, Maryam", "Haseli, Sara", "Iranpour, Pooya"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418784", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294264, "pmcid": "PMC7262266", "title": "Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a new contribution.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Estebanez, Andrea", "Perez-Santiago, Leticia", "Silva, Esmeralda", "Guillen-Climent, Santiago", "Garcia-Vazquez, Alejandro", "Ramon, M Dolores"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294264", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have read with great interest Dr Recalcati's review about skin manifestations in COVID-19 as it is the first report on this subject1 . In a recent review on clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China, rash was observed in 0,2% of cases2 . However, from the trained eyes of a dermatologist, this percentage may be higher."}, {"pmid": 32513064, "title": "The Pandemic Effect: Raising the Bar for Ethics, Empathy, and Professional Collegiality.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Holt, G Richard"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513064", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The widespread, tragic loss of life and the dedication of health care professionals have characterized the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. While we mourn the loss of so many Americans to this novel virus, we also much acknowledge the positive effects to our profession, which are not insignificant. We have witnessed our larger community of otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons pulling together in a manner not heretofore observed by this author. From the local level of practitioners to our national societies, there has been an amazing effort of collegial unity to develop the most clinically relevant guidelines for providing patient care with maximal safety, in the face of little scientific knowledge or experience with this virus. In addition, we as a specialty and individual otolaryngologists have, through our shared experiences, raised the bar for empathy, ethics, and professional interaction during these difficult times. We must reflect upon our professional growth and capture this renewal of altruism that lives at the heart of our calling."}, {"pmid": 32092296, "pmcid": "PMC7102595", "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: What the Department of Radiology Should Know.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Kooraki, Soheil", "Hosseiny, Melina", "Myers, Lee", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092296", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China. Since then, this highly contagious COVID-19 has been spreading worldwide, with a rapid rise in the number of deaths. Novel COVID-19-infected pneumonia (NCIP) is characterized by fever, fatigue, dry cough, and dyspnea. A variety of chest imaging features have been reported, similar to those found in other types of coronavirus syndromes. The purpose of the present review is to briefly discuss the known epidemiology and the imaging findings of coronavirus syndromes, with a focus on the reported imaging findings of NCIP. Moreover, the authors review precautions and safety measures for radiology department personnel to manage patients with known or suspected NCIP. Implementation of a robust plan in the radiology department is required to prevent further transmission of the virus to patients and department staff members."}, {"pmid": 32397000, "pmcid": "PMC7272827", "title": "The role of telemedicine in the delivery of healthcare in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Haemophilia", "authors": ["Valentino, Leonard A", "Skinner, Mark W", "Pipe, Steven"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397000", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. Recently, Hermans, et.al., outlined the challenges the COVID-19 pandemic pose for the bleeding disorders community 1 . The general response to the pandemic has included increased measures focused on personal hygiene, social distancing, symptom monitoring, early diagnosis, patient isolation, shelter in place, and public health quarantine. Accordingly, such measures have led to concerns over how to maintain access to haemophilia treatment products and to the specialized integrated care medical follow up within the haemophilia treatment centers (HTCs). As part of the medical response to disasters such as a world-wide pandemic, telemedicine has emerged as one proposed solution to address this type of global challenge 2 ."}, {"pmid": 32391801, "pmcid": "PMC7223426", "title": "Prediction of the COVID-19 Pandemic for the Top 15 Affected Countries: Advanced Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Model.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Singh, Ram Kumar", "Rani, Meenu", "Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth", "Sah, Ranjit", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Kalita, Himangshu", "Nanda, Chintan", "Sharma, Shashi", "Sharma, Yagya Datt", "Rabaan, Ali A", "Rahmani, Jamal", "Kumar, Pavan"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391801", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Netherlands", "Germany", "Switzerland", "Brazil", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Russian Federation", "United States", "Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected more than 200 countries and has infected more than 2,800,000 people as of April 24, 2020. It was first identified in Wuhan City in China in December 2019. The aim of this study is to identify the top 15 countries with spatial mapping of the confirmed cases. A comparison was done between the identified top 15 countries for confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries, and an advanced autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used for predicting the COVID-19 disease spread trajectories for the next 2 months. The comparison of recent cumulative and predicted cases was done for the top 15 countries with confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries from COVID-19. The spatial map is useful to identify the intensity of COVID-19 infections in the top 15 countries and the continents. The recent reported data for confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries for the last 3 months was represented and compared between the top 15 infected countries. The advanced ARIMA model was used for predicting future data based on time series data. The ARIMA model provides a weight to past values and error values to correct the model prediction, so it is better than other basic regression and exponential methods. The comparison of recent cumulative and predicted cases was done for the top 15 countries with confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries from COVID-19. The top 15 countries with a high number of confirmed cases were stratified to include the data in a mathematical model. The identified top 15 countries with cumulative cases, deaths, and recoveries from COVID-19 were compared. The United States, the United Kingdom, Turkey, China, and Russia saw a relatively fast spread of the disease. There was a fast recovery ratio in China, Switzerland, Germany, Iran, and Brazil, and a slow recovery ratio in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Russia, and Italy. There was a high death rate ratio in Italy and the United Kingdom and a lower death rate ratio in Russia, Turkey, China, and the United States. The ARIMA model was used to predict estimated confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries for the top 15 countries from April 24 to July 7, 2020. Its value is represented with 95%, 80%, and 70% confidence interval values. The validation of the ARIMA model was done using the Akaike information criterion value; its values were about 20, 14, and 16 for cumulative confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries of COVID-19, respectively, which represents acceptable results. The observed predicted values showed that the confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries will double in all the observed countries except China, Switzerland, and Germany. It was also observed that the death and recovery rates were rose faster when compared to confirmed cases over the next 2 months. The associated mortality rate will be much higher in the United States, Spain, and Italy followed by France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The forecast analysis of the COVID-19 dynamics showed a different angle for the whole world, and it looks scarier than imagined, but recovery numbers start looking promising by July 7, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32251768, "pmcid": "PMC7129059", "title": "The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.", "journal": "Antiviral Res", "authors": ["Caly, Leon", "Druce, Julian D", "Catton, Mike G", "Jans, David A", "Wagstaff, Kylie M"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251768", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although several clinical trials are now underway to test possible therapies, the worldwide response to the COVID-19 outbreak has been largely limited to monitoring/containment. We report here that Ivermectin, an FDA-approved anti-parasitic previously shown to have broad-spectrum anti-viral activity in vitro, is an inhibitor of the causative virus (SARS-CoV-2), with a single addition to Vero-hSLAM cells 2\u00a0h post infection with SARS-CoV-2 able to effect ~5000-fold reduction in viral RNA at 48\u00a0h. Ivermectin therefore warrants further investigation for possible benefits in humans."}, {"pmid": 32433283, "pmcid": "PMC7268854", "title": "Taking a Second Look at Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy for the Treatment of Early Stage Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Thompson, Carlie K", "Lee, Minna K", "Baker, Jennifer L", "Attai, Deanna J", "DiNome, Maggie L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433283", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32351040, "pmcid": "PMC7267603", "title": "COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Nair, Vinay", "Jandovitz, Nicholas", "Hirsch, Jamie S", "Nair, Gayatri", "Abate, Mersema", "Bhaskaran, Madhu", "Grodstein, Elliot", "Berlinrut, Ilan", "Hirschwerk, David", "Cohen, Stuart L", "Davidson, Karina W", "Dominello, Andrew J", "Osorio, Gabrielle A", "Richardson, Safiya", "Teperman, Lewis W", "Molmenti, Ernesto P"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351040", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is minimal information on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in immunocompromised individuals. We have studied 10 patients treated at 12 adult care hospitals. Ten kidney transplant recipients tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by polymerase chain reaction, and 9 were admitted. The median age was 57 (interquartile range [IQR] 47-67), 60% were male, 40% Caucasian, and 30% Black/African American. Median time from transplant to COVID-19 testing was 2822\u00a0days (IQR 1272-4592). The most common symptom was fever, followed by cough, myalgia, chills, and fatigue. The most common chest X-ray and computed tomography abnormality was multifocal patchy opacities. Three patients had no abnormal findings. Leukopenia was seen in 20% of patients, and allograft function was stable in 50% of patients. Nine patients were on tacrolimus and a mycophenolic antimetabolite, and 70% were on prednisone. Hospitalized patients had their antimetabolite agent stopped. All hospitalized patients received hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. Three patients died (30%), and 5 (50%) developed acute kidney injury. Kidney transplant recipients infected with COVID-19 should be monitored closely in the setting of lowered immunosuppression. Most individuals required hospitalization and presenting symptoms were similar to those of nontransplant individuals."}, {"pmid": 32202401, "title": "Urology practice during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Minerva Urol Nefrol", "authors": ["Ficarra, Vincenzo", "Novara, Giacomo", "Abrate, Alberto", "Bartoletti, Riccardo", "Crestani, Alessandro", "De Nunzio, Cosimo", "Giannarini, Gianluca", "Gregori, Andrea", "Liguori, Giovanni", "Mirone, Vincenzo", "Pavan, Nicola", "Scarpa, Roberto M", "Simonato, Alchiede", "Trombetta, Carlo", "Tubaro, Andrea", "Porpiglia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202401", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the disease it causes, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is generating a rapid and tragic health emergency in Italy due to the need to provide assistance to an overwhelming number of infected patients and, at the same time, treat all the non-deferrable oncological and benign conditions. A panel of Italian urologists has agreed on possible strategies for the reorganization of urological routine practice and on a set of recommendations that should facilitate the process of rescheduling both surgical and outpatient activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the subsequent phases. This document could be a valid tool to be used in routine clinical practice and, possibly, a cornerstone for further discussion on the topic also considering the further evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also may provide useful recommendations for national and international urological societies in a condition of emergency."}, {"pmid": 32443683, "title": "COVID-19 and the Fears of Italian Senior Citizens.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["de Leo, Diego", "Trabucchi, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443683", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy has been hit very hard by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. This brief report highlights some of the peculiarities manifested by its older adult population, with particular reference to those living in nursing institutions and at home. Mortality data (as of 26 April) are reported, together with reactions to forced isolation, loneliness, and fear of contracting the disease, which represent big challenges for all, especially for frail elderly people."}, {"pmid": 32418804, "pmcid": "PMC7204746", "title": "A deep dive into testing and management of COVID-19 for Australian high performance and professional sport.", "journal": "J Sci Med Sport", "authors": ["Mooney, Mathew", "Perera, Nirmala Kanthi Panagodage", "Broderick, Carolyn", "Saw, Richard", "Wallett, Alice", "Drew, Michael", "Waddington, Gordon", "Hughes, David"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418804", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of testing for any communicable disease is to support clinicians in the diagnosis and management of individual patients and to describe transmission dynamics. The novel coronavirus is formally named SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical disease state resulting from an infection is known as COVID-19. Control of the COVID-19 pandemic requires clinicians, epidemiologists, and public health officials to utilise the most comprehensive, accurate and timely information available to manage the rapidly evolving COVID-19 environment. High performance sport is a unique context that may look towards comprehensive testing as a means of risk mitigation. Characteristics of the common testing options are discussed including the circumstances where additional testing may be of benefit and considerations for the associated risks. Finally, a review of the available technology that could be considered for use by medical staff at the point of care (PoC) in a high-performance sporting context is included."}, {"pmid": 32246576, "title": "Liver transplantation in an ICU dominated by COVID-19.", "journal": "Liver Transpl", "authors": ["Cardoso, Filipe S"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246576", "countries": ["China", "Portugal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Letter from D'Antiga L about concerns of transplanting patients in the context of COVID19 pandemic is very interesting [1]. COVID-19 designates the infection caused by the SARS-Cov2 virus. This illness originated in December, 2019, in Wuhan, China. Since then, it has been identified in more than 150 countries. The first case of COVID-19 in Portugal was notified in March 02, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32512493, "title": "The effects of allium sativum on immunity within the scope of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Donma, Mustafa Metin", "Donma, Orkide"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512493", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is quite variable and the manifestations varies from asymptomatic disease to severe acute respiratory infection. Fever, dry cough, dyspnea, myalgia, fatigue, loss of appetite, olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are the most prevalent general symptoms. Decreased immune system cells such as suppressed regulatory T cells, cytotoxic and helper T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes/macrophages and increased proinflammatory cytokines are the characteristic features. Compounds derived from Allium sativum (garlic) have the potential to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and to reverse the immunological abnormalities to more acceptable levels. Allium sativum is suggested as a beneficial preventive measure before being infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Allium sativum is a functional food well-known for its immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antimutagenic, antitumor properties. Its antiviral efficiency was also demonstrated. Some constituents of this plant were found to be active against protozoan parasites. Within this context, it appears to reverse most immune system dysfunctions observed in patients with COVID-19 infection. The relations among immune system parameters, leptin, leptin receptor, adenosin mono phosphate-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma have also been interpreted. Leptin's role in boosting proinflammatory cytokines and in appetite decreasing suggest the possible beneficial effect of decreasing the concentration of this proinflammatory adipose tissue hormone in relieving some symptoms detected during COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, Allium sativum may be an acceptable preventive measure against COVID-19 infection to boost immune system cells and to repress the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines as well as an adipose tissue derived hormone leptin having the proinflammatory nature."}, {"pmid": 32410529, "title": "CT Diagnosis of Coronavirus Infection.", "journal": "Curr Med Imaging", "authors": ["Kim, Euishin Edmund"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410529", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449044, "pmcid": "PMC7246223", "title": "Loud and silent epidemics in the third millennium: tuning-up the volume.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Romano, Carlo Luca", "Drago, Lorenzo", "Del Sel, Hernan", "Johari, Ashok", "Lob, Guenter", "Mavrogenis, Andreas F", "Benzakour, Thami"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449044", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The media play a key role in promoting public health and influencing debate regarding health issues; however, some topics seem to generate a stronger response in the public, and this may be related to how the media construct and deliver their messages. Mass media coverage of COVID-19 epidemic has been exceptional with more than 180,000 articles published each day in 70 languages from March 8 to April 8, 2020. One may well wonder if this massive media attention ever happened in the past and if it has been finally proven to be beneficial or even just appropriate. Surgical site and implant-related infections represent a substantial part of health care-associated infections; with an estimated overall incidence of 6% post-surgical infection, approximately 18 million new surgical site infections are expected each year globally, with 5 to 10% mortality rate and an astounding economic and social cost. In the current mediatic era, orthopaedic surgeons need to refocus some of their time and energies from surgery to communication and constructive research. Only raising mediatic awareness on surgical site and implant-related infections may tune up the volume of silent epidemics to a level that can become audible by governing institutions."}, {"pmid": 32346108, "pmcid": "PMC7186940", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 presenting with conjunctivitis as the first symptom.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Casalino, Giuseppe", "Monaco, Gaspare", "Di Sarro, Paolo Plinio", "David, Alessandro", "Scialdone, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346108", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282439, "pmcid": "PMC7195844", "title": "Orthopaedic Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["Kogan, Monica", "Klein, Sandra E", "Hannon, Charles P", "Nolte, Michael T"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282439", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic presents a challenge to orthopaedic education. Around the world, including in the United States, elective surgeries are being deferred and orthopaedic residents and fellows are being asked to make drastic changes to their daily routines. In the midst of these changes are unique opportunities for resident/fellow growth and development. Educational tools in the form of web-based learning, surgical simulators, and basic competency tests may serve an important role. Challenges are inevitable, but appropriate preparation may help programs ensure continued resident growth, development, and well-being while maintaining high-quality patient care."}, {"pmid": 32492608, "pmcid": "PMC7258837", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 outbreak measures of lockdown on the Italian Carbon Footprint.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Rugani, Benedetto", "Caro, Dario"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492608", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Stringent lockdown measures implemented in Italy to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 are generating unprecedented economic impacts. However, the environmental consequences associated with the temporary shutdown and recovery of industrial and commercial activities are still not fully understood. Using the well-known carbon footprint (CF) indicator, this paper provides a comprehensive estimation of environmental effects due to the COVID-19 outbreak lockdown measures in Italy. Our aim was to quantify the CF associated with the consumption of energy by any economic activity and region in Italy during the lockdown, and then compare these environmental burdens with the CF calculated for analogous periods from 2015 to 2019 (~March and April). Complementarily, we also conducted a scenario analysis to estimate the post-lockdown CF impact in Italy. A consumption-based approach was applied according to the principles of the established Life Cycle Assessment method. The CF was therefore quantified as a sum of direct and indirect greenhouse gases (GHGs) released from domestically produced and imported energy metabolism flows, excluding the exports. Our findings indicate that the CF in the lockdown period is ~-20% lower than the mean CF calculated for the past. This means avoided GHGs in between ~5.6 and ~10.6 Mt CO2e. Results further suggest that a tendency occurs towards higher impact savings in the Northern regions, on average ~230 kt CO2e of GHGs avoided by province (against ~110-130 kt CO2e in central and Southern provinces). Not surprisingly, these are the utmost industrialized areas of Italy and have been the ones mostly affected by the outbreak. Despite our CF estimates are not free of uncertainties, our research offers quantitative insights to start understanding the magnitude generated by such an exceptional lockdown event in Italy on climate change, and to complement current scientific efforts investigating the relationships between air pollution and the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32534208, "title": "Serologic testing of coronaviruses from MERS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2: Learning from the past and anticipating the future.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A", "Memish, Ziad A"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534208", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416087, "pmcid": "PMC7235594", "title": "Changes in Children's Healthcare Visits During COVID-19 Pandemic in Hangzhou, China.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Li, Haomin", "Yu, Gang", "Duan, Huilong", "Fu, JunFen", "Shu, Qiang"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416087", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395015, "pmcid": "PMC7212507", "title": "Editorial: EAERE, ERE and the Research Challenges of the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Environ Resour Econ (Dordr)", "authors": ["Bateman, Ian J", "Neetzow, Paul", "Eisenack, Klaus", "Meran, Georg"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395015", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236503, "title": "Testing Individuals for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Hadaya, Joseph", "Schumm, Max", "Livingston, Edward H"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236503", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32057209, "title": "[Pharmacotherapeutics for the New Coronavirus Pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Du, B", "Qiu, H B", "Zhan, X", "Wang, Y S", "Kang, H Y J", "Li, X Y", "Wang, F", "Sun, B", "Tong, Z H"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32057209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The New Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP, also named as COVID-19 by WHO on Feb 11 2020, is now causing a severe public health emergency in China since. The number of diagnosed cases is more than 40,000 until the submission of this manuscript. Coronavirus has caused several epidemic situations world widely, but the present contagious disease caused by 2019 new Coronavirus is unprecedentedly fulminating. The published cohorts of 2019 new Coronavirus (n-Cov) are single-center studies, or retrospective studies. We here share the therapeutic experiences of NCP treatment with literature review. Combination of Ribavirin and Interferon-\u03b1 is recommended by the 5(th) edition National Health Commission's Regimen (Revised Edition) because of the effect on MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), and the effectiveness of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Remdisivir needs to be confirmed by randomized controlled trial (RCT), given the situation of no specific antivirus drug on NCP is unavailable. Systemic glucocorticosteroid is recommended as a short term use (1~2 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), 3~5d ) by the 5(th) edition National Health Commission's Regimen (Revised Edition) yet RCTs are expected to confirm the effectiveness. Inappropriate application of antibiotics should be avoided, especially the combination of broad-spectrum antibiotics, for the NCP is not often complicated with bacterial infection."}, {"pmid": 32497399, "title": "Considerations for remote learning in pathology during COVID-19 social distancing.", "journal": "Cancer Cytopathol", "authors": ["Kwon, Regina", "Zhang, M Lisa", "VandenBussche, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497399", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495940, "title": "Probiotics and COVID-19: is there any link?", "journal": "Lett Appl Microbiol", "authors": ["Akour, Amal"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495940", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Understanding mechanisms of the novel SARS-CoV2 infection and progression, can provide potential novel targets for prevention and/or treatment. This could be achieved via the inhibition of viral entry and/or replication, or by suppression the immunologic response that is provoked by the infection (known as the cytokine storm). Probiotics are defined as \"live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host\". There is scarcity of evidence about the relationship between COVID-19 and gut microbiota. So, whether or not these supplements can prevent or ameliorate COVID-19 associated symptoms is not fully understood. The aim of this paper is to provide an indirect evidence about the utility of probiotics in combating COVID-19 or its associated symptoms, through the review of its antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro, animal models, and human trials."}, {"pmid": 32238438, "pmcid": "PMC7237865", "title": "Does COVID19 Infect the Brain? If So, Smokers Might Be at a Higher Risk.", "journal": "Mol Pharmacol", "authors": ["Kabbani, Nadine", "Olds, James L"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238438", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States", "Spain"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID19 is a devastating global pandemic with epicenters in China, Italy, Spain, and now the United States. While the majority of infected cases appear mild, in some cases, individuals present serious cardiorespiratory complications with possible long-term lung damage. Infected individuals report a range of symptoms from headaches to shortness of breath to taste and smell loss. To that end, less is known about how the virus may impact different organ systems. The SARS-CoV2 virus, which is responsible for COVID19, is highly similar to SARS-CoV. Both viruses have evolved an ability to enter host cells through direct interaction with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2 protein at the surface of many cells. Published findings indicate that SARS-CoV can enter the human nervous system with evidence from both postmortem brains and detection in cerebrospinal fluid of infected individuals. Here, we consider the ability of SARS-CoV2 to enter and infect the human nervous system based on the strong expression of the ACE2 target throughout the brain. Moreover, we predict that nicotine exposure through various kinds of smoking (cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, or vape) can increase the risk for COVID19 neuroinfection based on known functional interactions between the nicotinic receptor and ACE2. We advocate for higher surveillance and analysis of neurocomplications in infected cases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The COVID19 epidemic has spurred a global public health crisis. While many of the cases requiring hospitalization and intensive medical care center on cardiorespiratory treatment, a growing number of cases present neurological symptoms. Viral entry into the brain now appears a strong possibility with deleterious consequences and an urgent need for addressing."}, {"pmid": 32207679, "title": "Identifying Locations with Possible Undetected Imported Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cases by Using Importation Predictions.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["De Salazar, Pablo Martinez", "Niehus, Rene", "Taylor, Aimee", "Buckee, Caroline O'Flaherty", "Lipsitch, Marc"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207679", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection exported from mainland China could lead to self-sustained outbreaks in other countries. By February 2020, several countries were reporting imported SARS-CoV-2 cases. To contain the virus, early detection of imported SARS-CoV-2 cases is critical. We used air travel volume estimates from Wuhan, China, to international destinations and a generalized linear regression model to identify locations that could have undetected imported cases. Our model can be adjusted to account for exportation of cases from other locations as the virus spreads and more information on importations and transmission becomes available. Early detection and appropriate control measures can reduce the risk for transmission in all locations."}, {"pmid": 32279351, "pmcid": "PMC7262043", "title": "We urgently need guidelines for managing COVID-19 in children with comorbidities.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Dayal, Devi"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279351", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32200489, "pmcid": "PMC7095327", "title": "Hospitals as health factories and the coronavirus epidemic.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Piccoli, Giorgina Barbara"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200489", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430622, "pmcid": "PMC7235546", "title": "Neurology and the COVID-19 emergency.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Berardelli, Alfredo", "Silani, Vincenzo", "Barone, Paolo", "Calabresi, Paolo", "Girlanda, Paolo", "Lopiano, Leonardo", "Massacesi, Luca", "Monaco, Salvatore", "Onofrj, Marco", "Tassorelli, Cristina", "Tedeschi, Gioacchino"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430622", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449791, "title": "Neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in Spanish Alzheimer's disease patients during COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Beatriz Lara, B", "Carnes, Anna", "Dakterzada, Farida", "Benitez, Ivan", "Pinol-Ripoll, Gerard"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449791", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID epidemic is affecting individuals worldwide, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnesic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients are at risk due to their characteristics and age. We analysed the impact of the pandemic on these patients' neuropsychiatric symptoms and their quality of life after five weeks of lockdown in Spain. We tested 40 subjects with a diagnosis of MCI (20) or mild AD (20) from the Cognitive Stimulation Program of Cognitive Disorders Unit. All patients had undergone a previous evaluation during the month before the lockdown, and they were re-evaluated after 5 weeks of lockdown. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and EuroQol-5D were used to evaluate the neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life of patients and caregivers. The total baseline NPI score was 33.75 (22.28) vs 39.05 (27.96) after confinement (p=0.028). The most frequent neuropsychiatric symptoms affected were apathy (4.15 (3.78) vs 5.75 (4.02); p=0.002) and anxiety (3.95 (3.73) vs 5.30 (4.01); p=0.006) in MCI patients and apathy (2.35 (2.70) vs 3.75 (3.78); p=0.036), agitation (0.45 (1.14) vs 1.50 (2.66); p=0.029) and aberrant motor behaviour (1.25 (2.86) vs 2.00 (2.93); p=0.044) in AD patients. We did not observe differences in EuroQol-5D scores during the reevaluation. Approximately 30% of patients and 40% of caregivers reported a worsening of their health status during confinement. We have demonstrated the worsening of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with AD and MCI during 5 weeks of lockdown, with agitation, apathy and aberrant motor activity being the most affected symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32108359, "pmcid": "PMC7228377", "title": "Development of epitope-based peptide vaccine against novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-COV-2): Immunoinformatics approach.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Bhattacharya, Manojit", "Sharma, Ashish R", "Patra, Prasanta", "Ghosh, Pratik", "Sharma, Garima", "Patra, Bidhan C", "Lee, Sang-Soo", "Chakraborty, Chiranjib"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108359", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, a novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) emerged which is responsible for the recent outbreak in Wuhan, China. Genetically, it is closely related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The situation is getting worse and worse, therefore, there is an urgent need for designing a suitable peptide vaccine component against the SARS-COV-2. Here, we characterized spike glycoprotein to obtain immunogenic epitopes. Next, we chose 13 Major Histocompatibility Complex-(MHC) I and 3 MHC-II epitopes, having antigenic properties. These epitopes are usually linked to specific linkers to build vaccine components and molecularly dock on toll-like receptor-5 to get binding affinity. Therefore, to provide a fast immunogenic profile of these epitopes, we performed immunoinformatics analysis so that the rapid development of the vaccine might bring this disastrous situation to the end earlier."}, {"pmid": 32322641, "pmcid": "PMC7171448", "title": "Data for understanding the risk perception of COVID-19 from Vietnamese sample.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Huynh, Toan Luu Duc"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322641", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This data article describes the risk perception of COVID-190 from 391 Vietnamese respondents aged from 15 to 47 years. These data have been used in Huynh (2020). These data include the socioeconomics, media attention, and risk perception of COVID-19 in Vietnam through a survey conducted on February 1, 2020. In addition, our data might serve as a reference source for further in-depth surveys to understand the risk perception and social media communication across countries."}, {"pmid": 32356025, "pmcid": "PMC7192563", "title": "Early histologic findings of pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 infection detected in a surgical specimen.", "journal": "Virchows Arch", "authors": ["Pernazza, Angelina", "Mancini, Massimiliano", "Rullo, Emma", "Bassi, Massimiliano", "De Giacomo, Tiziano", "Rocca, Carlo Della", "d'Amati, Giulia"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356025", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the current pandemic season, reports on pathologic features of coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) are exceedingly rare at the present time. Here we describe the pathologic features of early lung involvement by Covid-19 in a surgical sample resected for carcinoma from a patient who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection soon after surgery. The main histologic findings observed were pneumocyte damage, alveolar hemorrhages with clustering of macrophages, prominent and diffuse neutrophilic margination within septal vessels, and interstitial inflammatory infiltrates, mainly represented by CD8+ T lymphocytes. These features are similar to those previously described in SARS-CoV-1 infection. Subtle histologic changes suggestive pulmonary involvement by Covid-19 may be accidentally encountered in routine pathology practice, especially when extensive sampling is performed for histology. These findings should be carefully interpreted in light of the clinical context of the patient and could prompt a pharyngeal swab PCR test to rule out the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic patients."}, {"pmid": 32291399, "pmcid": "PMC7156231", "title": "Pathological study of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) through postmortem core biopsies.", "journal": "Mod Pathol", "authors": ["Tian, Sufang", "Xiong, Yong", "Liu, Huan", "Niu, Li", "Guo, Jianchun", "Liao, Meiyan", "Xiao, Shu-Yuan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291399", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data on pathologic changes of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are scarce. To gain knowledge about the pathology that may contribute to disease progression and fatality, we performed postmortem needle core biopsies of lung, liver, and heart in four patients who died of COVID-19 pneumonia. The patients' ages ranged from 59 to 81, including three males and one female. Each patient had at least one underlying disease, including immunocompromised status (chronic lymphocytic leukemia and renal transplantation) or other conditions (cirrhosis, hypertension, and diabetes). Time from disease onset to death ranged from 15 to 52 days. All patients had elevated white blood cell counts, with significant rise toward the end, and all had lymphocytopenia except for the patient with leukemia. Histologically, the main findings are in the lungs, including injury to the alveolar epithelial cells, hyaline membrane formation, and hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, all components of diffuse alveolar damage. Consolidation by fibroblastic proliferation with extracellular matrix and fibrin forming clusters in airspaces is evident. In one patient, the consolidation consists of abundant intra-alveolar neutrophilic infiltration, consistent with superimposed bacterial bronchopneumonia. The liver exhibits mild lobular infiltration by small lymphocytes, and centrilobular sinusoidal dilation. Patchy necrosis is also seen. The heart shows only focal mild fibrosis and mild myocardial hypertrophy, changes likely related to the underlying conditions. In conclusion, the postmortem examinations show advanced diffuse alveolar damage, as well as superimposed bacterial pneumonia in some patients. Changes in the liver and heart are likely secondary or related to the underlying diseases."}, {"pmid": 32267830, "pmcid": "PMC7141939", "title": "Blood transfusion during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Cai, Xiaohong", "Ren, Ming", "Chen, Fenghua", "Li, Liliang", "Lei, Hang", "Wang, Xuefeng"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267830", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458963, "title": "Constructing Co-occurrence Network Embeddings to Assist Association Extraction for COVID-19 and Other Coronavirus Infectious Diseases.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Oniani, David", "Jiang, Guoqian", "Liu, Hongfang", "Shen, Feichen"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458963", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 started its rapid emergence and gradually transformed into an unprecedented pandemic, the need for having a knowledge repository for the disease became crucial. To address this issue, a new COVID-19 machine readable dataset known as COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) has been released. Based on this, our objective was to build a computable co-occurrence network embeddings to assist association detection amongst COVID-19 related biomedical entities. Leveraging a Linked Data version of CORD-19 (i.e., CORD-19-on-FHIR), we first utilized SPARQL to extract co-occurrences among chemicals, diseases, genes, and mutations and build a co-occurrence network. We then trained the representation of the derived co-occurrence network using node2vec with four edge embeddings operations (L1, L2, Average, and Hadamard). Six algorithms (Decision Tree, Linear Regression, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, and Multi-layer Perceptron) were applied to evaluate performance on link prediction. An unsupervised learning strategy was also developed incorporating the t-SNE and DBSCAN algorithms for case studies. Random Forest classifier showed the best performance on link prediction across different network embeddings. For edge embeddings generated using the Average operation, Random Forest achieved the optimal average precision of 0.97 and F1 score of 0.90. For unsupervised learning, 63 clusters were formed with silhouette score of 0.128. Significant associations were detected for five coronavirus infectious diseases in their corresponding subgroups. In this study, we constructed COVID-19-centered co-occurrence network embeddings. Results indicated that the generated embeddings were able to extract significant associations for COVID-19 and coronavirus infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32414614, "pmcid": "PMC7214281", "title": "Figuring out the new normal: Completing my fellowship at home, with my children, while the coronavirus rages.", "journal": "J Pediatr Urol", "authors": ["Milford, Karen"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414614", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475654, "pmcid": "PMC7205697", "title": "Evaluating and Treating Foot and Ankle Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Foot Ankle Surg", "authors": ["Malay, D Scot"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475654", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530817, "title": "Digital Media's Role in COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JMIR Mhealth Uhealth", "authors": ["Bao, Huanyu", "Cao, Bolin", "Tang, Weiming"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530817", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has a tremendous impact on global health, the economy, and the whole society. Various measures are being taken to respond to the pandemic, while digital media playing a pivotal role, especially in the use of visual data to disseminate information, mobile health to coordinate medical resources, social media to promote public health campaigns, and digital tools to assist population management and disease tracing. However, digital media also faces some challenges like misinformation, lack of guidance, and information leakage. We encourage the increased use of digital media with the focus on improving trust, building social solidarity, reducing chaos, educating the public for prevention measures, and reducing the medical burden in facility-based sites."}, {"pmid": 32415905, "pmcid": "PMC7267089", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 in renal transplant recipients: report of two cases.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cheng, D R", "Wen, J Q", "Liu, Z Z", "Lv, T F", "Chen, J S"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415905", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a pandemic worldwide. The data about COVID-19 in renal transplant recipient is deficiency. Herein we report two COVID-19 cases in renal transplant recipients. Both cases were discharged following a treatment regimen including discontinued immunosuppressant and low-dose methylprednisolone-based therapy. There were no signs of rejection during the treatment. These successfully treated cases can provide helpful information about the management of COVID-19 in renal transplant recipients."}, {"pmid": 32416290, "pmcid": "PMC7235603", "title": "Immediate psychological distress in quarantined patients with COVID-19 and its association with peripheral inflammation: A mixed-method study.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Guo, Qian", "Zheng, Yuchen", "Shi, Jia", "Wang, Jijun", "Li, Guanjun", "Li, Chunbo", "Fromson, John A", "Xu, Yong", "Liu, Xiaohua", "Xu, Hua", "Zhang, Tianhong", "Lu, Yunfei", "Chen, Xiaorong", "Hu, Hao", "Tang, Yingying", "Yang, Shuwen", "Zhou, Han", "Wang, Xiaoliang", "Chen, Haiying", "Wang, Zhen", "Yang, Zongguo"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416290", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the end of 2019, Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the cause of a worldwide pandemic. The mental status of patients with COVID-19 who have been quarantined and the interactions between their psychological distress and physiological levels of inflammation have yet to be analyzed. Using a mixed-method triangulation design (QUAN\u00a0+\u00a0QUAL), this study investigated and compared the mental status and inflammatory markers of 103 patients who, while hospitalized with mild symptoms, tested positive with COVID-19 and 103 matched controls that were COVID-19 negative. The severity of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) was measured via an on-line survey. Using a convenience sampling technique, qualitative data were collected until the point of data saturation. In addition, a semi-structured interview was conducted among five patients with COVID-19. Peripheral inflammatory markers were also collected in patients, both at baseline and within\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0three days of completing the on-line survey. Results revealed that COVID-19 patients, when compared to non-COVID controls, manifested higher levels of depression (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), anxiety (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), and post-traumatic stress symptoms (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). A gender effect was observed in the score of \"Perceived Helplessness\", the subscale of PSS-10, with female patients showing higher scores compared to male patients (Z\u00a0=\u00a02.56, P\u00a0=\u00a00.010), female (Z\u00a0=\u00a02.37, P\u00a0=\u00a00.018) and male controls (Z\u00a0=\u00a02.87, P\u00a0=\u00a00.004). Levels of CRP, a peripheral inflammatory indicator, correlated positively with the PHQ-9 total score (R\u00a0=\u00a00.37, P\u00a0=\u00a00.003, Spearman's correlation) of patients who presented symptoms of depression. Moreover, the change of CRP level from baseline inversely correlated with the PHQ-9 total score (R\u00a0=\u00a0-0.31, P\u00a0=\u00a00.002), indicative of improvement of depression symptoms. Qualitative analysis revealed similar results with respect to patient reports of negative feelings, including fear, guilt, and helplessness. Stigma and uncertainty of viral disease progression were two main concerns expressed by COVID-19 patients. Our results indicate that significant psychological distress was experienced by hospitalized COVID-19 patients and that levels of depressive features may be related to the inflammation markers in these patients. Thus, we recommend that necessary measures should be provided to address depression and other psychiatric symptoms for COVID-19 patients and attention should be paid to patient perceived stigma and coping strategies when delivering psychological interventions."}, {"pmid": 32292904, "pmcid": "PMC7103984", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia in a Hemodialysis Patient.", "journal": "Kidney Med", "authors": ["Tang, Bin", "Li, Sijia", "Xiong, Yuwan", "Tian, Ming", "Yu, Jianbin", "Xu, Lixia", "Zhang, Li", "Li, Zhuo", "Ma, Jianchao", "Wen, Feng", "Feng, Zhonglin", "Liang, Xinling", "Shi, Wei", "Liu, Shuangxin"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292904", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infective disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2). Previous studies of the COVID-19 pneumonia outbreak were based on information from the general population. Limited data are available for hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This report describes the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in an in-center hemodialysis patient, as well as our experience in implementing steps to prevent the spread of COVID-19 pneumonia among in-center hemodialysis patients. The diagnosis, infection control, and treatment of COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients are discussed in this report, and we conclude with recommendations for how a dialysis facility can respond to COVID-19 based on our experiences."}, {"pmid": 32492712, "title": "COVID and Coagulation: Bleeding and Thrombotic Manifestations of SARS-CoV2 Infection.", "journal": "Blood", "authors": ["Al-Samkari, Hanny", "Karp Leaf, Rebecca S", "Dzik, Walter H", "Carlson, Jonathan Ct", "Fogerty, Annemarie E", "Waheed, Anem", "Goodarzi, Katayoon", "Bendapudi, Pavan", "Bornikova, Larissa", "Gupta, Shruti", "Leaf, David", "Kuter, David J", "Rosovsky, Rachel P"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492712", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have elevated D-dimer levels. Early reports describe high venous thromboembolism (VTE) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) rates, but data are limited. This multicenter, retrospective study described the rate and severity of hemostatic and thrombotic complications of 400 hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients (144 critically ill) primarily receiving standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation. Coagulation and inflammatory parameters were compared between patients with and without coagulation-associated complications. Multivariable logistic models examined the utility of these markers in predicting coagulation-associated complications, critical illness, and death. The radiographically-confirmed VTE rate was 4.8% (95% CI, 2.9-7.3%) and the overall thrombotic complication rate was 9.5% (6.8-12.8%). The overall and major bleeding rates were 4.8% (2.9-7.3%) and 2.3% (1.0-4.2%). In the critically ill, radiographically-confirmed VTE and major bleeding rates were 7.6% (3.9-13.3%) and 5.6% (2.4-10.7%). Elevated D-dimer at initial presentation was predictive of coagulation-associated complications during hospitalization [D-dimer >2,500 ng/mL, adjusted OR for thrombosis, 6.79 (2.39-19.30), adjusted OR for bleeding, 3.56 (1.01-12.66)], critical illness, and death. Additional markers at initial presentation predictive of thrombosis during hospitalization included platelet count >450\u00d7109/L [adjusted OR, 3.56 (1.27-9.97)], C-reactive protein (CRP) >100 mg/L [adjusted OR, 2.71 (1.26-5.86)], and erythrocyte sedimentation rate >40 mm/h [adjusted OR, 2.64 (1.07-6.51)]. ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, ferritin, and procalcitonin were higher in patients with thrombotic complications than those without. DIC, clinically-relevant thrombocytopenia, and reduced fibrinogen were rare and were associated with significant bleeding manifestations. Given the observed bleeding rates, randomized trials are needed to determine any potential benefit of intensified anticoagulant prophylaxis in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32459574, "title": "The world is waiting, use sequential analysis and get us the evidence-based treatment we need for COVID-19.", "journal": "Libyan J Med", "authors": ["El Taguri, Adel", "Nasef, Aisha"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459574", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In spite of the relatively high morbidity and mortality, there is no approved medication yet for COVID-19. There are more than 200 ongoing trials on different drugs or vaccines, but new medications may take until 2021 to develop. Defining the optimal number of patients to be included in a study is a considerable challenge in these interventional researches. Ethical considerations prompt researchers to minimize the number of patients included in a trial. This gains particular importance when the disease is rare or lethal which is particularly so in the case of COVID-19. It is of paramount importance to explore some of the available tools that could help accelerate the adoption of any or some of the many proposed modalities for the treatment of diseases. These tools should be effective, yet efficient, for rapid testing of such treatments. Sequential analysis has not been frequently used in many clinical trials where it should have been used. None of the authors in published literature, as far as we know, used sequential analysis techniques to test potential drugs for COVID-19. In addition to its usefulness when the results of new forms of treatment are quickly needed, other important benefit of sequential analysis includes the ability to reach a similar conclusion about the utility of a new drug without unduly exposing more patients to the side effect of the old drug, in particularly, for the treatment of a rare disease."}, {"pmid": 32512490, "title": "Potential role of zinc supplementation in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Kumar, Amit", "Kubota, Yuichi", "Chernov, Mikhail", "Kasuya, Hidetoshi"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512490", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents the largest current health challenge for the society. At the moment, the therapeutic strategies to deal with this disease are only supportive. It is well known that zinc (Zn) possesses a variety of direct and indirect antiviral properties, which are realized through different mechanisms. Administration of Zn supplement has a potential to enhance antiviral immunity, both innate and humoral, and to restore depleted immune cell function or to improve normal immune cell function, in particular in immunocompromised or elderly patients. Zn may also act in a synergistic manner when co-administered with the standard antiviral therapy, as was demonstrated in patients with hepatitis C, HIV, and SARS-CoV-1. Effectiveness of Zn against a number of viral species is mainly realized through the physical processes, such as virus attachment, infection, and uncoating. Zn may also protect or stabilize the cell membrane which could contribute to blocking of the virus entry into the cell. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that Zn may inhibit viral replication by alteration of the proteolytic processing of replicase polyproteins and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in rhinoviruses, HCV, and influenza virus, and diminish the RNA-synthesizing activity of nidoviruses, for which SARS-CoV-2 belongs. Therefore, it may be hypothesized that Zn supplementation may be of potential benefit for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32349580, "title": "Social isolation in Covid-19: The impact of loneliness.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Banerjee, Debanjan", "Rai, Mayank"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349580", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296495, "pmcid": "PMC7156222", "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the utilization of emergency dental services.", "journal": "J Dent Sci", "authors": ["Guo, Huaqiu", "Zhou, Yin", "Liu, Xiaoqiang", "Tan, Jianguo"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296495", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess how the current COVID-19 epidemic influenced peoples' utilization of emergency dental services in Beijing, China. The first-visit patients seeking emergency dental services before or at the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic were retrieved. Their demographic characteristics and the reasons for visiting were recorded and analyzed. There were 2,537 patients involved in this study. Thirty-eight percent fewer patients visited the dental urgency at the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic than before. The distribution of dental problems has changed significantly. The proportion of dental and oral infection raised from 51.0% of pre-COVID-19 to 71.9% during COVID-19, and dental trauma decreased from 14.2% to 10.5%. Meanwhile, the non-urgency cases reduced to three-tenths of pre-COVID-19. Within the limitation of this study, the COVID-19 epidemic had a strong influence on the utilization of emergency dental services."}, {"pmid": 32326830, "title": "Photobiomodulation and Antiviral Photodynamic Therapy as a Possible Novel Approach in COVID-19 Management.", "journal": "Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg", "authors": ["Fekrazad, Reza"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326830", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310292, "pmcid": "PMC7188167", "title": "Letter: Collateral Pandemic in Face of the Present COVID-19 Pandemic: A Neurosurgical Perspective.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Galarza, Marcelo", "Gazzeri, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462305, "pmcid": "PMC7251800", "title": "A systematic review on COVID-19: urological manifestations, viral RNA detection and special considerations in urological conditions.", "journal": "World J Urol", "authors": ["Chan, Vinson Wai-Shun", "Chiu, Peter Ka-Fung", "Yee, Chi-Hang", "Yuan, Yuhong", "Ng, Chi-Fai", "Teoh, Jeremy Yuen-Chun"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462305", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We performed a systematic review on COVID-19 and its potential urological manifestations. A literature search was performed using combination of keywords (MeSH terms and free text words) relating to COVID-19, urology, faeces and stool on multiple databases. Primary outcomes were the urological manifestations of COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA detection in urine and stool samples. Meta-analyses were performed when there were two or more studies reporting on the same outcome. Special considerations in urological conditions that were relevant in the pandemic of COVID-19 were reported in a narrative manner. There were a total of 21 studies with 3714 COVID-19 patients, and urinary symptoms were absent in all of them. In patients with COVID-19, 7.58% (95% CI 3.30-13.54%) developed acute kidney injury with a mortality rate of 93.27% (95% CI 81.46-100%) amongst them. 5.74% (95% CI 2.88-9.44%) of COVID-19 patients had positive viral RNA in urine samples, but the duration of viral shedding in urine was unknown. 65.82% (95% CI 45.71-83.51%) of COVID-19 patients had positive viral RNA in stool samples, which were detected from 2 to 47\u00a0days from symptom onset. 31.6% of renal transplant recipients with COVID-19 required non-invasive ventilation, and the overall mortality rate was 15.4%. Acute kidney injury leading to mortality is common amongst COVID-19 patients, likely as a result of direct viral toxicity. Viral RNA positivity was detected in both urine and stool samples, so precautions are needed when we perform transurethral or transrectal procedures."}, {"pmid": 32202722, "title": "Fair Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Emanuel, Ezekiel J", "Persad, Govind", "Upshur, Ross", "Thome, Beatriz", "Parker, Michael", "Glickman, Aaron", "Zhang, Cathy", "Boyle, Connor", "Smith, Maxwell", "Phillips, James P"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202722", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341519, "pmcid": "PMC7184820", "title": "Retrospective analysis of laboratory testing in 54 patients with severe- or critical-type 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Lab Invest", "authors": ["Li, Yanlei", "Hu, Yanbing", "Yu, Jinyan", "Ma, Tiangang"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341519", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Timely analysis of the laboratory characteristics associated with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) can assist with clinical diagnosis and prognosis. This study is a collection of clinical data from 54 hospitalized adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the Zhongfa Xincheng district of China at Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 28, 2020 to February 11, 2020. The average age of the patients was 61.8\u2009\u00b1\u200914.5 years, and the predominant age group was 50-79. The proportion of critical-type patients with comorbidities was higher than that of severe-type patients. Lymphocyte counts were significantly reduced in routine bloodwork for all patients, but significantly lower in critical-type patients than that in severe-type patients. Prolongation of prothrombin times (PT) and elevation of fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) and D-dimers (D-Ds) were detected in coagulation function tests, and more significant changes were observed in critical-type patients compared to severe-type patients. Serum ferritin levels were sensitive to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection but could not be used for disease assessment. In addition, levels of two inflammatory factors, soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly increased in all patients, but higher in critical-type patients than in severe-type patients. Moreover, kidney injury was the second-most common organ affected by COVID-19 followed by heart and liver. Kidney and heart injury were more severe in critical-type patients than in severe-type patients. All of the 31 severe-type patients recovered. Of the critical-type patients, six died and 17 recovered. The length of hospital stay for critical-type patients was significantly longer for severe-type patients. In summary, increased lymphocyte counts, prolonged PT, secondary increases in fibrinolytic activity and increases in sIL-2R and IL-6 are typical features of COVID-19 and are associated with disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32059801, "pmcid": "PMC7133552", "title": "2019-nCoV, fake news, and racism.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Shimizu, Kazuki"], "date": "2020-02-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32059801", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432838, "pmcid": "PMC7267097", "title": "Cancer diagnosis and treatment in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer Care (Engl)", "authors": ["Weller, David"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432838", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442035, "title": "Ventilation Techniques and Risk for Transmission of Coronavirus Disease, Including COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review of Multiple Streams of Evidence.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Schunemann, Holger J", "Khabsa, Joanne", "Solo, Karla", "Khamis, Assem M", "Brignardello-Petersen, Romina", "El-Harakeh, Amena", "Darzi, Andrea", "Hajizadeh, Anisa", "Bognanni, Antonio", "Bak, Anna", "Izcovich, Ariel", "Cuello-Garcia, Carlos A", "Chen, Chen", "Borowiack, Ewa", "Chamseddine, Fatimah", "Schunemann, Finn", "Morgano, Gian Paolo", "Muti-Schunemann, Giovanna E U", "Chen, Guang", "Zhao, Hong", "Neumann, Ignacio", "Brozek, Jan", "Schmidt, Joel", "Hneiny, Layal", "Harrison, Leila", "Reinap, Marge", "Junek, Mats", "Santesso, Nancy", "El-Khoury, Rayane", "Thomas, Rebecca", "Nieuwlaat, Robby", "Stalteri, Rosa", "Yaacoub, Sally", "Lotfi, Tamara", "Baldeh, Tejan", "Piggott, Thomas", "Zhang, Yuan", "Saad, Zahra", "Rochwerg, Bram", "Perri, Dan", "Fan, Eddy", "Stehling, Florian", "Akl, Imad Bou", "Loeb, Mark", "Garner, Paul", "Aston, Stephen", "Alhazzani, Waleed", "Szczeklik, Wojciech", "Chu, Derek K", "Akl, Elie A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442035", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mechanical ventilation is used to treat respiratory failure in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To review multiple streams of evidence regarding the benefits and harms of ventilation techniques for coronavirus infections, including that causing COVID-19. (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020178187). 21 standard, World Health Organization-specific and COVID-19-specific databases, without language restrictions, until 1 May 2020. Studies of any design and language comparing different oxygenation approaches in patients with coronavirus infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), or with hypoxemic respiratory failure. Animal, mechanistic, laboratory, and preclinical evidence was gathered regarding aerosol dispersion of coronavirus. Studies evaluating risk for virus transmission to health care workers from aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) were included. Independent and duplicate screening, data abstraction, and risk of bias assessment (GRADE for certainty of evidence and AMSTAR 2 for included systematic reviews). 123 studies were eligible (45 on COVID-19, 70 on SARS, 8 on MERS), but only 5 studies (1 on COVID-19, 3 on SARS, 1 on MERS) adjusted for important confounders. A study in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 reported slightly higher mortality with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) than with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), but 2 opposing studies, 1 in patients with MERS and 1 in patients with SARS, suggest a reduction in mortality with NIV (very low-certainty evidence). Two studies in patients with SARS report a reduction in mortality with NIV compared with no mechanical ventilation (low-certainty evidence). Two systematic reviews suggest a large reduction in mortality with NIV compared with conventional oxygen therapy. Other included studies suggest increased odds of transmission from AGPs. Direct studies in COVID-19 are limited and poorly reported. Indirect and low-certainty evidence suggests that use of NIV, similar to IMV, probably reduces mortality but may increase the risk for transmission of COVID-19 to health care workers. World Health Organization."}, {"pmid": 32501449, "pmcid": "PMC7241324", "title": "Response to: Broadbent 2020, Better the drug you know: Commentary on \"Daughton 2020, Natural experiment concept to accelerate the re-purposing of existing therapeutics for Covid-19\".", "journal": "Glob Epidemiol", "authors": ["Daughton, Christian G"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501449", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406406, "pmcid": "PMC7218384", "title": "Disposable masks: Disinfection and sterilization for reuse, and non-certified manufacturing, in the face of shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Saf Sci", "authors": ["Carlos Rubio-Romero, Juan", "Del Carmen Pardo-Ferreira, Maria", "Antonio Torrecilla Garcia, Juan", "Calero-Castro, Santiago"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406406", "countries": ["China", "Czechia", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is posing a huge global health threat. To deal with this problem, in addition to research and work in the medical field, the main health measures being taken in the workplace and at home involve the establishment of safety protocols, which include distance measures, hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment, such as masks, etc. The WHO still does not recommend the use of masks for the general population. However, their successful use in China, South Korea and the Czech Republic has encouraged their widespread use, and the shortage that already existed. This has caused that companies and individuals are looking at the best way to reuse them, and to manufacture, homemade or not, of non-certified masks. This paper is based on two objectives: to consult the scientific literature to identify the main strategies for disinfecting them, and to determine the effectiveness of non-certified disposable masks. A rapid review has been conducted in which the main publications and other information available online have been analyzed. Results showed that the most promising methods are those that use hydrogen peroxide vapor, ultraviolet radiation, moist heat, dry heat and ozone gas. Soapy water, alcohol, bleach immersion, ethylene oxide, ionizing radiation, microwave, high temperature, autoclave or steam are not fully recommended. Regarding the effectiveness of surgical masks compared to PPE, the former have been seen to be slightly less effective than PPE. As for other types of masks the effectiveness of homemade or non-certified masks is very low."}, {"pmid": 32362423, "pmcid": "PMC7174162", "title": "The challenge of an intensive care unit in a fairground.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Hernandez-Tejedor, A", "Munayco Sanchez, A J", "Suarez Barrientos, A", "Pujol Varela, I"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362423", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493608, "pmcid": "PMC7254007", "title": "Obesity and risk of COVID-19: analysis of UK biobank.", "journal": "Prim Care Diabetes", "authors": ["Yates, Thomas", "Razieh, Cameron", "Zaccardi, Francesco", "Davies, Melanie J", "Khunti, Kamlesh"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493608", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412689, "pmcid": "PMC7262016", "title": "COVID-19 and dermatologic surgery: Hazards of surgical plume.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Al-Niaimi, Firas", "Ali, Faisal R"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412689", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313824, "pmcid": "PMC7167492", "title": "Coronavirus as silent killer: recent advancement to pathogenesis, therapeutic strategy and future perspectives.", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Raj, Khadga", "Rohit", "Ghosh, Anirban", "Singh, Shamsher"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313824", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present outbreak associated with corona virus [CoVs] in China which is believed to be one of the massive eruptions towards mankind in 2019-2020. In the present scenario CoVs has been transmitted to the European and American regions through the travellers from wide spread countries like China and Japan. The viral disease is spreading through the contact in any form by the infected persons or patients and creating huge risk of mortality. CoVs are a single positive-sense RNA virus; mutation rates are higher than DNA viruses and indicate a more effective survival adaption mechanism. Human CoVs can cause common cold and influenza-like illness and a variety of severe acute respiratory disease such as pneumonia. Early in infection, CoVs infects epithelial cells, macrophages, T-cells, dendritic cells and also can affect the development and implantation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. It mainly produces the melanoma differentiation associated with protein-5, retinoic acid inducible gene-1 and endosomal toll-like receptor 3. How CoVs affects the function of the immune system is still unclear due to lack of this knowledge. No Food and Drug Administration approved treatment is available till date. In this review, we are tried to explore the epidemiology, pathogenesis and current treatment of CoVs infection. The promising therapeutics molecules against CoVs and future prospective have been also discussed which will be helpful for researchers to find out the new molecules for the treatment of CoVs disease."}, {"pmid": 32446272, "title": "Management of surgical lung cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in the financially and resource strained Greek health care system.", "journal": "J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Kapetanakis, Emmanouil I", "Tomos, Ioannis P", "Karakatsani, Anna", "Koumarianou, Anna", "Tomos, Periklis I"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446272", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378152, "pmcid": "PMC7201914", "title": "How Covid-19 opened up questions of sociomateriality in healthcare education.", "journal": "Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract", "authors": ["Cleland, Jennifer", "Tan, Emmanuel Chee Ping", "Tham, Khum Ying", "Low-Beer, Naomi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378152", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501307, "pmcid": "PMC7241368", "title": "Competing during a pandemic? Retailers' ups and downs during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Bus Res", "authors": ["Pantano, Eleonora", "Pizzi, Gabriele", "Scarpi, Daniele", "Dennis, Charles"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501307", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic (that started in early 2020) is causing several disruptions in the short- and mid-term, to which businesses have to adapt. Some retailers have reacted to the emergency immediately, displaying a plethora of different intervention types. The authors aim to synthesize the challenges that retailers are facing during the COVID-19 emergency. We do this from the perspective of both consumers and managers, with the goal of providing guidelines on and examples of how retailers can handle this unprecedented situation."}, {"pmid": 32447001, "pmcid": "PMC7240260", "title": "Strategies for follow up after hernia surgery during COVID 19 Pandemia.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Scaravonati, Rodolfo", "Diaz, Emilio", "Roche, Sebastian", "Bertone, Santiago", "Brandi, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447001", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The end of 2019 was marked by the emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our problem is centered in the post operative follow up of those patients who underwent an elective procedure immediately before the isolation and those who require an emergency surgery. We outline the measures we have taken to reduce the possibility of spread of the virus."}, {"pmid": 32503891, "title": "The paradox of success and public perspective: COVID-19 and the perennial problem of prevention.", "journal": "J Epidemiol Community Health", "authors": ["Messinger Cayetano, Shari", "Crandall, Lee"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503891", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505910, "title": "Novel therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2-induced acute lung injury: Targeting a potential IL-1beta/neutrophil extracellular traps feedback loop.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Yaqinuddin, Ahmed", "Kashir, Junaid"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505910", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most COVID-19 infected individuals present with mild flu-like symptoms; however, 5-10% of cases suffer from life-threatening pneumonia and respiratory failure. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathology of associated acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, coagulopathy and multiorgan failure is not known. SARS-CoV-2 is an envelope virus with S (spike), M (membrane), N (nucleocapsid) and E (envelop) proteins. In a closely related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the transmembrane E protein exerts an important role in membrane-ionic transport through viroporins, deletion of which reduced levels of IL-1\u03b2 and a remarkably reduced lung edema compared to wild type. IL-1\u03b2 is generated by macrophages upon activation of intracellular NLRP3 (NOD-like, leucine rich repeat domains, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3), part of the functional NLRP3 inflammasome complex that detects pathogenic microorganisms and stressors, while neutrophils are enhanced by increasing levels of IL-1\u03b2. Expiring neutrophils undergo \"NETosis\", producing thread-like extracellular structures termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which protect against mild infections and microbes. However, uncontrolled NET production can cause acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), coagulopathy, multiple organ failure, and autoimmune disease. Herein, we present arguments underlying our hypothesis that IL-1\u03b2 and NETs, mediated via NLRP3 inflammasomes, form a feed-forward loop leading to the excessive alveolar and endothelial damage observed in severe cases of COVID-19. Considering such assertions, we propose potential drug candidates that could be used to alleviate such pathologies. Considering that recent efforts to ascertain effective treatments of COVID-19 in severe patients has been less than successful, investigating novel avenues of treating this virus are essential."}, {"pmid": 32522596, "title": "Recent Advances in Molecular diagnosis curbing the COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Aziz, Hafsa", "Fatima, Shazia", "Iqbal, Huma", "Faheem, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522596", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205271, "pmcid": "PMC7118530", "title": "COVID-19: Facemask use prevalence in international airports in Asia, Europe and the Americas, March 2020.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Elachola, Habida", "Ebrahim, Shahul H", "Gozzer, Ernesto"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205271", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292228, "pmcid": "PMC7151531", "title": "[Fulminant myocarditis due to COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Irabien-Ortiz, Angela"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292228", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32022276, "pmcid": "PMC7166505", "title": "Immunoinformatics-aided identification of T cell and B cell epitopes in the surface glycoprotein of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Baruah, Vargab", "Bose, Sujoy"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32022276", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak has caused a large number of deaths with thousands of confirmed cases worldwide, especially in East Asia. This study took an immunoinformatics approach to identify significant cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and B cell epitopes in the 2019-nCoV surface glycoprotein. Also, interactions between identified CTL epitopes and their corresponding major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I supertype representatives prevalent in China were studied by molecular dynamics simulations. We identified five CTL epitopes, three sequential B cell epitopes and five discontinuous B cell epitopes in the viral surface glycoprotein. Also, during simulations, the CTL epitopes were observed to be binding MHC class I peptide-binding grooves via multiple contacts, with continuous hydrogen bonds and salt bridge anchors, indicating their potential in generating immune responses. Some of these identified epitopes can be potential candidates for the development of 2019-nCoV vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32423519, "title": "Screening for COVID-19: Patient Factors Predicting Positive PCR Test.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Challener, Douglas", "Challener, Gregory", "Gow-Lee, Vanessa", "Fida, Madiha", "Shah, Aditya", "O'Horo, John"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423519", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377018, "title": "Applying principles of behaviour change to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["West, Robert", "Michie, Susan", "Rubin, G James", "Amlot, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377018", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human behaviour is central to transmission of SARS-Cov-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and changing behaviour is crucial to preventing transmission in the absence of pharmaceutical interventions. Isolation and social distancing measures, including edicts to stay at home, have been brought into place across the globe to reduce transmission of the virus, but at a huge cost to individuals and society. In addition to these measures, we urgently need effective interventions to increase adherence to behaviours that individuals in communities can enact to protect themselves and others: use of tissues to catch expelled droplets from coughs or sneezes, use of face masks as appropriate, hand-washing on all occasions when required, disinfecting objects and surfaces, physical distancing, and not touching one's eyes, nose or mouth. There is an urgent need for direct evidence to inform development of such interventions, but it is possible to make a start by applying behavioural science methods and models."}, {"pmid": 32454268, "title": "D-dimer in patients infected with COVID-19 and suspected pulmonary embolism.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Garcia-Olive, Ignasi", "Sintes, Helena", "Radua, Joaquim", "Abad Capa, Jorge", "Rosell, Antoni"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454268", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the risk factors for pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients infected with COVID-19. We conducted an observational, retrospective study. Patients with severe infection with COVID-19 and suspected PE were included. Patients with higher levels of D-dimer and those requiring intubation were at a higher risk of developing PE. Higher D-dimer levels were associated with a greater probability of PE 3, 6, 9 and 12 days after determining D-dimer levels with an OR of 1.7, 2.0, 2.4 and 2.4, respectively. In conclusion, patients infected with COVID-19 requiring OTI with higher levels of D-dimer have an increased risk of developing PE."}, {"pmid": 32532516, "title": "Re: Karl H. Pang, Diego M. Carrion, Juan Gomez Rivas, et al. The Impact of COVID-19 on European Health Care and Urology Trainees. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.04.042.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Meyer, Christian P", "Kaulfuss, Julia", "Grange, Philippe"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330561, "pmcid": "PMC7172679", "title": "COVID-19 social distancing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Bold measures in the face of political, economic, social and religious challenges.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yezli, Saber", "Khan, Anas"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330561", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social distancing at its various levels has been a key measure to mitigate the transmission of COVID-19. The implementation of strict measures for social distancing is challenging, including in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) due to its level of urbanization, its social and religious norms and its annual hosting of high visibility international religious mass gatherings. KSA started introducing decisive social distancing measures early before the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in the Kingdom. These ranged from suspension or cancelations of religious, entertainment and sporting mass gatherings and events such as the Umrah, temporary closure of educational establishments and mosques and postponing all non-essential gatherings, to imposing a curfew. These measures were taken in spite of their socio-economic, political and religious challenges in the interest of public and global health. The effect of these actions on the epidemic curve of the Kingdom and on the global fight against COVID-19 remains to be seen. However, given the current COVID-19 situation, further bold and probably unpopular measures are likely to be introduced in the future."}, {"pmid": 32452147, "title": "Distributive justice during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Australia.", "journal": "ANZ J Surg", "authors": ["Fisher, Oliver M", "Brown, Kilian G M", "Coker, David J", "McBride, Kate E", "Steffens, Daniel", "Koh, Cherry E", "Sandroussi, Charbel"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452147", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367764, "title": "Vascular access in COVID-19 patients: Smart decisions for maximal safety.", "journal": "J Vasc Access", "authors": ["Scoppettuolo, Giancarlo", "Biasucci, Daniele Guerino", "Pittiruti, Mauro"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2020 COVID pandemic has forced everyone to update the usual medical procedures and adapt them to a new situation characterized by a high risk of contamination of the health operator. The placement of a venous access device is no exception. In the experience of the vascular access team of our hospital, hit by the COVID epidemic in March 2020, the safety of both the patient and the staff can be ensured by an insertion bundle of few smart strategies, which include choice of long dwelling peripheral catheters (midline catheters) rather than short venous cannulas; use of power injectable peripherally inserted central catheters in the COVID patients in intensive care unit requiring a central line; use of wireless probes-easy to carry, easy to clean-for ultrasound guided venipuncture; avoidance of x-rays, using alternative methods for tip location such as intracavitary electrocardiography or trans-thoracic echocardiography; strict adoption of the barrier precautions recommended by the international guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32321645, "pmcid": "PMC7158776", "title": "The continuing evolution of COVID-19 imaging pathways in the UK: a British Society of Thoracic Imaging expert reference group update.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Hare, S S", "Rodrigues, J C L", "Nair, A", "Jacob, J", "Upile, S", "Johnstone, A", "Mcstay, R", "Edey, A", "Robinson, G"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321645", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501426, "pmcid": "PMC7240254", "title": "Sample sizes for surveillance of S. aureus transmission to monitor effectiveness and provide feedback on intraoperative infection control including for COVID-19.", "journal": "Perioper Care Oper Room Manag", "authors": ["Dexter, Franklin", "Ledolter, Johannes", "Wall, Russell T", "Datta, Subhradeep", "Loftus, Randy W"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501426", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reductions in perioperative surgical site infections are obtained by a multifaceted approach including patient decolonization, hand hygiene, and hub disinfection, and environmental cleaning. Associated surveillance of S. aureus transmission quantifies the effectiveness of the basic measures to prevent the transmission to patients and clinicians of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). To measure transmission, the observational units are pairs of successive surgical cases in the same operating room on the same day. We evaluated appropriate sample sizes and strategies for measuring transmission. There was absence of serial correlation among observed counts of transmitted isolates within each of several periods (all P \u2265.18). Similarly, observing transmission within or between cases of a pair did not increase the probability that the next sampled pair of cases also had observed transmission (all P \u2265.23). Most pairs of cases had no detected transmitted isolates. Also, although transmission (yes/no) was associated with surgical site infection (P =.004), among cases with transmission, there was no detected dose response between counts of transmitted isolates and probability of infection (P =.25). The first of a fixed series of tests is to use the binomial test to compare the proportion of pairs of cases with S. aureus transmission to an acceptable threshold. An appropriate sample size for this screening is N =25 pairs. If significant, more samples are obtained while additional measures are implemented to reduce transmission and infections. Subsequent sampling is done to evaluate effectiveness. The two independent binomial proportions are compared using Boschloo's exact test. The total sample size for the 1st and 2nd stage is N =100 pairs. Because S. aureus transmission is invisible without testing, when choosing what population(s) to screen for surveillance, another endpoint needs to be used (e.g., infections). Only 10/298 combinations of specialty and operating room were relatively common (\u22651.0% of cases) and had expected incidence \u22650.20 infections per 8 hours of sampled cases. The 10 combinations encompassed \u224517% of cases, showing the value of targeting surveillance of transmission to a few combinations of specialties and rooms. In conclusion, we created a sampling protocol and appropriate sample sizes for using S. aureus transmission within and between pairs of successive cases in the same operating room, the purpose being to monitor the quality of prevention of intraoperative spread of pathogenic bacteria and viruses."}, {"pmid": 32369656, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 among pregnant Chinese women: case series data on the safety of vaginal birth and breastfeeding.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Wu, Y", "Liu, C", "Dong, L", "Zhang, C", "Chen, Y", "Liu, J", "Zhang, C", "Duan, C", "Zhang, H", "Mol, B W", "Dennis, C-L", "Yin, T", "Yang, J", "Huang, H"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369656", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess whether vaginal secretions and breast milk of women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Single centre cohort study. Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, China. We studied 13 SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women diagnosed between 31 January and 9 March 2020. We collected clinical data, vaginal secretions, stool specimens and breast milk from SARS-CoV-2-infected women during different stages of pregnancy and collected neonatal throat and anal swabs. We assessed viral presence in different biosamples. Of the 13 women with COVID-19, five were in their first trimester, three in their second trimester and five in their third trimester. Of the five women in their third trimester who gave birth, all delivered live newborns. Among these five deliveries, the primary adverse perinatal outcomes included premature delivery (n\u00a0=\u00a02) and neonatal pneumonia (n\u00a0=\u00a02). One of nine stool samples was positive; all 13 vaginal secretion samples, and five throat swabs and four anal swabs collected from neonates, were negative for the novel coronavirus. However, one of three samples of breast milk was positive by viral nucleic acid testing. In this case series of 13 pregnant women with COVID-19, we observed negative viral test results in vaginal secretion specimens, suggesting that a vaginal delivery may be a safe delivery option. However, additional research is urgently needed to examine breast milk and the potential risk for viral contamination. New evidence for the safety of vaginal delivery and breastfeeding in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2, positive viral result in a breast-milk sample."}, {"pmid": 32458795, "title": "Mass Drug Administration and Worms Experience in Africa: Envisage Repurposing Ivermectin for SARS-COV-2.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Wamae, Claire Njeri"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458795", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mass Drug Administration and Worms Experience in Africa: Envisage Repurposing Ivermectin for SARS-COV-2."}, {"pmid": 32351103, "title": "The usual course of Thorax CT findings of Covid-19 infection and When should control Thorax CT scan?", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Gunduz, Yasemin", "Ozturk, Mehmet Halil", "Tomak, Yakup"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351103", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 infection, a highly contagious disease caused by the SARS-CoV virus, and the World Health Organization declared this increasingly spreading disease as a global public health emergency (pandemic). In the diagnosis of COVID-19, the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered as the reference standard test. In the early stages, thorax CT findings could be present even before the onset of symptoms, thorax CT has quite high sensitivity in COVID-19 patients with false negative RT-PCR results, and it has a great importance not only in diagnosis but also in follow up (6,7). We think that it might be beneficial for our radiologist colleagues in the early diagnosis of the imaging features of this disease, by sharing the experiences we have gained by evaluating the typical and relatively atypical CT findings regarding the natural course of the tomographic findings of COVID-19 and when to control CT."}, {"pmid": 32451367, "pmcid": "PMC7252974", "title": "The relatively young and rural population may limit the spread and severity of COVID-19 in Africa: a modelling study.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Diop, Binta Zahra", "Ngom, Marieme", "Pougue Biyong, Clemence", "Pougue Biyong, John N"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451367", "countries": ["Ghana", "Kenya"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to all regions of the world. There is great uncertainty regarding how countries' characteristics will affect the spread of the epidemic; to date, there are few studies that attempt to predict the spread of the epidemic in African countries. In this paper, we investigate the role of demographic patterns, urbanisation and comorbidities on the possible trajectories of COVID-19 in Ghana, Kenya and Senegal. We use an augmented deterministic Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model to predict the true spread of the disease, under the containment measures taken so far. We disaggregate the infected compartment into asymptomatic, mildly symptomatic and severely symptomatic to match observed clinical development of COVID-19. We also account for age structures, urbanisation and comorbidities (HIV, tuberculosis, anaemia). In our baseline model, we project that the peak of active cases will occur in July, subject to the effectiveness of policy measures. When accounting for the urbanisation, and factoring in comorbidities, the peak may occur between 2 June and 17 June (Ghana), 22 July and 29 August (Kenya) and, finally, 28 May and 15 June (Senegal). Successful containment policies could lead to lower rates of severe infections. While most cases will be mild, we project in the absence of policies further containing the spread, that between 0.78% and 1.03%, 0.61% and 1.22%, and 0.60% and 0.84% of individuals in Ghana, Kenya and Senegal, respectively, may develop severe symptoms at the time of the peak of the epidemic. Compared with Europe, Africa's younger and rural population may modify the severity of the epidemic. The large youth population may lead to more infections but most of these infections will be asymptomatic or mild, and will probably go undetected. The higher prevalence of underlying conditions must be considered."}, {"pmid": 32294374, "pmcid": "PMC7179963", "title": "Droplets and Aerosols in the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Meselson, Matthew"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294374", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227799, "title": "Preliminary case report on the SARS-CoV-2 cluster in the UK, France, and Spain", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Hodcroft, Emma B"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227799", "countries": ["Singapore", "United Kingdom", "France", "Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Almost half of the confirmed COVID-19 cases detected so far in the United Kingdom are part of a large cluster of 13 British nationals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the UK, Spain, and France. Transmissions among this cluster occurred at a ski resort in France, and originated from a single infected traveller returning from a conference in Singapore where he acquired the virus. At least 21 individuals were exposed to the virus, tested, and quarantined, with 13 of those testing positive between the period of 6th February and 15th February. Here, all publicly available information about the primarily UK/France cluster is consolidated, providing a complete and accessible summary of the cases and their connections. Notable in this cluster are the number of individuals infected, the apparent absence of any severe illness among those infected, and a case of a \u201cdelayed positive\u201d test during isolation after initially testing negative, at least 7 days after last possible contact."}, {"pmid": 32312852, "title": "Coronavirus Pandemic: What Nuclear Medicine Departments Should Know.", "journal": "J Nucl Med Technol", "authors": ["Gnanasegaran, Gopinath", "Huang, Hian Liang", "Williams, Jessica", "Bomanji, Jamshed"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516636, "title": "Association of COVID-19 global distribution and environmental and demographic factors: An updated three-month study.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Sarmadi, Mohammad", "Marufi, Nilufar", "Kazemi Moghaddam, Vahid"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516636", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We investigated the association of some environmental and economic factors and the global distribution indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the number of cases and deaths is higher in high-income countries located in higher latitudes and colder climates, further studies are required to shed light on this matter."}, {"pmid": 32361911, "pmcid": "PMC7195615", "title": "Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated gene ACE2 expression in normal and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) human male testes.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Liu, Xixi", "Chen, Yidong", "Tang, Wenhao", "Zhang, Li", "Chen, Wei", "Yan, Zhiqiang", "Yuan, Peng", "Yang, Ming", "Kong, Siming", "Yan, Liying", "Qiao, Jie"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361911", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Being infected by SARS-CoV-2 may cause damage to multiple organs in patients, such as the lung, liver and heart. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), reported as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor, is also expressed in human male testes. This suggests a potential risk in human male reproductive system. However, the characteristics of ACE2-positive cells and the expression of other SARS-CoV-2 process-related genes are still worthy of further investigation. Here, we performed singlecell RNA seq (scRNA-seq) analysis on 853 male embryo primordial germ cells (PGCs) and 2,854 normal testis cells to assess the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the male reproductive system from embryonic stage to adulthood. We also collected and constructed the scRNA-seq library on 228 Sertoli cells from three non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients to assess the effects at disease state. We found that ACE2 expressing cells existed in almost all testis cell types and Sertoli cells had highest expression level and positive cells ratio. Moreover, ACE2 was also expressed in human male PGCs. In adulthood, the level of ACE2 expression decreased with the increase of age. We also found that ACE2 positive cells had high expressions of stress response and immune activation-related genes. Interestingly, some potential SARS-CoV-2 process-related genes such as TMPRSS2, BSG, CTSL and CTSB had different expression patterns in the same cell type. Furthermore, ACE2 expression level in NOA donors' Sertoli cells was significantly decreased. Our work would help to assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the male reproductive system."}, {"pmid": 32397911, "pmcid": "PMC7222554", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: an overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and potential vaccines and therapeutics.", "journal": "Ther Deliv", "authors": ["Amawi, Haneen", "Abu Deiab, Ghina'a I", "A Aljabali, Alaa A", "Dua, Kamal", "Tambuwala, Murtaza M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397911", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the time of writing this review, severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 2,355,853 patients and resulted in more than 164,656 deaths worldwide (as of 20 April 2020). This review highlights the preventive measures, available clinical therapies and the potential of vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 by taking into consideration the strong genetic similarities of the 2003 epidemic SARS-CoV. Recent studies are investigating the repurposing of US FDA-approved drugs as there is no available vaccine yet with many attempts under clinical evaluation. Several antivirals, antimalarials and immunomodulators that have shown activity against SARS-CoV and Middle East coronavirus respiratory syndromes are being evaluated. In particular, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, arbidol, tocilizumab and bevacizumab have shown promising results. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of this pandemic and where we currently stand."}, {"pmid": 32459137, "title": "Evaluating the use of posterior oropharyngeal saliva in a point-of-care assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Jonathan Hon-Kwan", "Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Poon, Rosana Wing-Shan", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459137", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, logistic problems associated with specimen collection limited the SARS-CoV-2 testing especially in the community. In this study, we assessed the use of posterior oropharyngeal saliva as specimens for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in an automated point-of-care molecular assay. Archived nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and posterior oropharyngeal saliva specimens of 58 COVID-19 patients were tested with the Xpert\u00ae Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in either NPS or saliva specimens of all patients. Among them, 84.5% (49/58) tested positive in both NPS and saliva, 10.3% (6/58) tested positive in NPS only, and 5.2% (3/58) tested positive in saliva only. No significant difference in detection rate was observed between NPS and saliva (McNemar's test p=0.5078). The detection rate was slightly higher for N2 (NPS 94.8% and Saliva 93.1%) than that of the E gene target (Saliva:89.7% vs 82.8%) on both specimen types. Significant earlier median Ct value was observed for NPS comparing to that of saliva on both E (26.8 vs 29.7, p=0.0002) and N2 gene target (29.3 vs 32.3, p=0.0002). The median Ct value of E gene target was significantly earlier than that of the N2 gene target for both NPS (26.8 vs 29.3, p<0.0001) and saliva (29.7 vs 32.3, p<0.0001). In conclusion, posterior oropharyngeal saliva and NPS were found to have similar detection rates in the point-of-care test for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Due to the easy collection of posterior oropharyngeal saliva, the use of saliva as an alternative specimen type for SARS-CoV-2 detection is recommended."}, {"pmid": 32406933, "pmcid": "PMC7272943", "title": "When preserving life becomes imperative, quality of life is eclipsed! COVID-19 outbreak impacting patients with pelvic floor disorders undergoing pelvic floor rehabilitation.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Brusciano, L", "Gualtieri, G", "Gambardella, C", "Tolone, S", "Lucido, F S", "Del Genio, G", "Pellino, G", "Docimo, L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406933", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350106, "title": "Current smoking is not associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Rossato, Marco", "Russo, Lucia", "Mazzocut, Sara", "Di Vincenzo, Angelo", "Fioretto, Paola", "Vettor, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350106", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276259, "pmcid": "PMC7161161", "title": "Introduction. On pandemics: the impact of COVID-19 on the practice of neurosurgery.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Kondziolka, Doug", "Couldwell, William T", "Rutka, James T"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276259", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32078595, "title": "SARS-CoV-2: a novel deadly virus in a globalised world.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Dilcher, Meik", "Werno, Anja", "Jennings, Lance C"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078595", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32074258, "title": "Preparing for the Most Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: The Potential Role of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["MacLaren, Graeme", "Fisher, Dale", "Brodie, Daniel"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32074258", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370065, "pmcid": "PMC7246904", "title": "Hybridization Chain Reactions Targeting the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Wu, Tzu-Heng", "Chang, Chia-Chen", "Yang, Ching-Hsu", "Lin, Wei-Yin", "Ee, Tan Joy", "Lin, Chii-Wann"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370065", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this work, hybridization chain reactions (HCRs) toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid phosphoproteins gene loci and human RNase P are proposed to provide an isothermal amplification screening tool. The proposed chain reactions target the complementary DNA (cDNA) of SARS-CoV-2, with loci corresponding to gold-standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) loci. Four hybridization chain reaction reactions are demonstrated herein, targeting N1/N2/N3 loci and human RNase P. The design of the hybridization chain reaction, herein, is assisted with an algorithm. The algorithm helps to search target sequences with low local secondary structure and high hybridization efficiency. The loop domain of the fuel hairpin molecule H1 and H2, which are the tunable segments in such reactions, are used as an optimization parameter to improve the hybridization efficiency of the chain reaction. The algorithm-derived HCR reactions were validated with gel electrophoresis. All proposed reactions exhibit a hybridization complex with a molecular mass >1.5k base pairs, which is clear evidence of chain reaction. The hybridization efficiency trend revealed by gel electrophoresis corresponds nicely to the simulated data from the algorithm. The HCR reactions and the corresponding algorithm serve as a basis to further SARS-CoV-2 sensing applications and facilitate better screening strategies for the prevention of on-going pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32294814, "title": "[Recommendations for respiratory rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 2019 in adult].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294814", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory infection disease, which leads to dysfunction of respiratory, physical, and psychological of the patients. pulmonary rehabilitation is an important intervention for clinical patients as well as cure patients. With the deeper cognition of COVID-19 and accumulation of clinical experience, we proposed the recommendations for pulmonary rehabilitation of COVID-19 in adults based on the opinions of front-line clinical experts involved in the management of this epidemic and a review of the relevant literature and evidences: (1)for the inpatients with COVID-19, pulmonary rehabilitation would relieve the symptoms of dyspnea, anxiety, and depression; eventually improve physical function and the quality of life; (2)For severe/critical inpatients, the early performance of pulmonary rehabilitation is not suggested. (3)For isolating patients, the pulmonary rehabilitation guidence should be conducted through education video, instruction manual or remote consultation. (4)Assessment and monitor should be performed throughout the entire pulmonary rehabilitation process.(5)Taking proper grading protection following the guideline. These recommendations can serve as a clinical practice guidence and basis for pulmonary rehabilitation of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32341597, "pmcid": "PMC7184018", "title": "[Obesity and 2019-nCoV. A risky relationship].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Carretero Gomez, J", "Arevalo Lorido, J C", "Carrasco Sanchez, F J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341597", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327279, "pmcid": "PMC7170795", "title": "Unilateral conjunctivitis as first presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A telemedicine diagnosis.", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Daruich, A", "Martin, D", "Bremond-Gignac, D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327279", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32231330, "pmcid": "PMC7104711", "title": "Reply to: 'Interaction between RAAS inhibitors and ACE2 in the context of COVID-19'.", "journal": "Nat Rev Cardiol", "authors": ["Zheng, Ying-Ying", "Ma, Yi-Tong", "Zhang, Jin-Ying", "Xie, Xiang"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231330", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383370, "pmcid": "PMC7211515", "title": "Prevalence and Duration of Acute Loss of Smell or Taste in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lee, Yonghyun", "Min, Pokkee", "Lee, Seonggu", "Kim, Shin Woo"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383370", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Initially, acute loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia) was not considered important symptoms for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To determine the prevalence of these symptoms and to evaluate their diagnostic significance, we (approximately 150 physicians of the Daegu Medical Association) prospectively collected data of cases of anosmia and ageusia from March 8, 2020, via telephone interview among 3,191 patients in Daegu, Korea. Acute anosmia or ageusia was observed in 15.3% (488/3,191) patients in the early stage of COVID-19 and in 15.7% (367/2,342) patients with asymptomatic-to-mild disease severity. Their prevalence was significantly more common among females and younger individuals (P = 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Most patients with anosmia or ageusia recovered within 3 weeks. The median time to recovery was 7 days for both symptoms. Anosmia and ageusia seem to be part of important symptoms and clues for the diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly in the early stage of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32285947, "pmcid": "PMC7262280", "title": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR in anal from patients who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Juan", "Xiao, Yong", "Shen, Yuan", "Shi, Chao", "Chen, Yujun", "Shi, Ping", "Gao, Yumeng", "Wang, Yiqing", "Lu, Bing"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285947", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456658, "pmcid": "PMC7249975", "title": "The association of low serum albumin level with severe COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Aziz, Muhammad", "Fatima, Rawish", "Lee-Smith, Wade", "Assaly, Ragheb"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456658", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474039, "pmcid": "PMC7255987", "title": "Applicability of the CURB-65 pneumonia severity score for outpatient treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Nguyen, Yann", "Corre, Felix", "Honsel, Vasco", "Curac, Sonja", "Zarrouk, Virginie", "Fantin, Bruno", "Galy, Adrien"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474039", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531257, "title": "Lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein as predictors of respiratory failure in CoVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Erika, Poggiali", "Domenica, Zaino", "Paolo, Immovilli", "Luca, Rovero", "Giulia, Losi", "Alessandro, Dacrema", "Marzia, Nuccetelli", "Giovanni Battista, Vadacca", "Donata, Guidetti", "Andrea, Vercelli", "Andrea, Magnacavallo", "Sergio, Bernardini", "Chiara, Terracciano"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531257", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The dramatic worldwide CoVID-19 infection requires the identification of a reliable and inexpensive tool to quickly discriminate patients with a more unfavorable outcome. We performed routine laboratory tests suitable to identify tissue damage and inflammatory status in 123 consecutive CoVID-19 patients admitted to the Emergency Department of the hospital of Piacenza (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy). The results were correlated with patients' respiratory function evaluated by the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2). The most common laboratory abnormalities were lymphocytopenia and elevated values of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanineaminotransferase (ALT) and creatine kinase (CK) were also increased. The respiratory performance (PaO2/FiO2) showed a strong inverse correlation with LDH (r= 0.62, r2 0.38, p value< 0.0001) and CRP (r= 0.55, r2 0.31, p value< 0.0001). PaO2/FiO2 values also showed a significant inverse correlation with age (r= -0.37, p< 0.0001), AST (r= -0.31, p<0.01), WBC (r= -0.49, p<0.0001), neutrophils count (r= -0.5, p<0.001). ROC curves showed a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 70% for the LDH cut-off value of 450 U/L and a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 71% for the CRP cut-off value of 11 mg/dl in identifying CoVID-19 with moderate-severe ARDS. LDH and CRP may be related to respiratory function (PaO2/FiO2) and be a predictor of respiratory failure in CoVID-19 patients. LDH and CRP should be considered a useful test for the early identification of patients who require closer respiratory monitoring and more aggressive supportive therapies to avoid poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32333086, "pmcid": "PMC7180673", "title": "[Remdesivir for patients with severe COVID-19].", "journal": "Internist (Berl)", "authors": ["Augustin, M", "Hallek, M", "Nitschmann, S"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333086", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491989, "title": "[COVID-19: Swiftness and solidarity].", "journal": "Laeknabladid", "authors": ["Moller, Alma D"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491989", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382221, "pmcid": "PMC7203041", "title": "Time to tread cautiously during public health emergencies: Reactions from traditional and complementary/alternative medical systems to ongoing Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.", "journal": "J Ayurveda Integr Med", "authors": ["Muthappan, Sendhilkumar", "Ponnaiah, Manickam"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382221", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308156, "title": "Abortion in the context of COVID-19: a human rights imperative.", "journal": "Sex Reprod Health Matters", "authors": ["Todd-Gher, Jaime", "Shah, Payal K"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359411, "pmcid": "PMC7190298", "title": "COVID-19 and obesity-lack of clarity, guidance, and implications for care.", "journal": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "authors": ["Flint, Stuart William", "Tahrani, Abd A"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359411", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451626, "pmcid": "PMC7246295", "title": "Evaluation of fluid responsiveness during COVID-19 pandemic: what are the remaining choices?", "journal": "J Anesth", "authors": ["Hasanin, Ahmed", "Mostafa, Maha"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Non-protocolized fluid administration in critically ill patients, especially those with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is associated with poor outcomes. Therefore, fluid administration in patients with Coronavirus\u00a0disease (COVID-19) should be properly guided. Choice of an index to guide fluid management during a pandemic with mass patient admissions carries an additional challenge due to the relatively limited resources. An ideal test for assessment of fluid responsiveness during this pandemic should be accurate in ARDS patients, economic, easy to interpret by junior staff, valid in patients in the prone position and performed with minimal contact with the patient to avoid spread of infection. Patients with COVID-19 ARDS are divided into two phenotypes (L phenotype and H phenotype) according to their lung compliance. Selection of the proper index for fluid responsiveness varies according to the patient phenotype. Heart-lung interaction methods can be used only in patients with L phenotype ARDS. Real-time measures, such a pulse pressure variation, are more appropriate for use during this pandemic compared to ultrasound-derived measures, because contamination of the ultrasound machine can spread infection. Preload challenge tests are suitable for use in all COVID-19 patients. Passive leg raising test is relatively better than mini-fluid challenge test, because it can be repeated without overloading the patient with fluids. Trendelenburg maneuver is a suitable alternative to the passive leg raising test in patients with prone position. If a cardiac output monitor was not available, the response to the passive leg raising test could be traced by measurement of the pulse pressure or the perfusion index. Preload modifying maneuvers, such as tidal volume challenge, can also be used in COVID-19 patients, especially if the patient was in the gray zone of other dynamic tests. However, the preload modifying maneuvers were not extensively evaluated outside the operating room. Selection of the proper test would vary according to the level of healthcare in the country and the load of admissions which might be overwhelming. Evaluation of the volume status should be comprehensive; therefore, the presence of signs of volume overload such as lower limb edema, lung edema, and severe hypoxemia should be considered beside the usual indices for fluid responsiveness."}, {"pmid": 32528614, "pmcid": "PMC7266473", "title": "Pandemic panic and anxiety in developing countries. Embracing One Health offers practical strategies in management of COVID-19 for Africa.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Kasozi, Keneth Iceland", "Mujinya, Regan", "Bogere, Paul", "Ekou, Justine", "Zirintunda, Gerald", "Ahimbisibwe, Salaviriuse", "Matama, Kevin", "Ninsiima, Herbert Izo", "Echoru, Isaac", "Ayikobua, Emmanuel Tiyo", "Ssimbwa, Godfrey", "Musinguzi, Simon Peter", "Muyinda, Robert", "Ssempijja, Fred", "Matovu, Henry", "MacLeod, Ewan", "Anderson, Neil Euan", "Welburn, Susan Christina"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528614", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335281, "pmcid": "PMC7180159", "title": "Pharmacological perspective: glycyrrhizin may be an efficacious therapeutic agent for COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Luo, Pan", "Liu, Dong", "Li, Juan"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335281", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the previously unknown pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now a global pandemic. There are no vaccines or specific treatments against this new virus; therefore, there is an urgent need to advance novel therapeutic interventions for COVID-19. Glycyrrhizin is a triterpene saponin with various biological functions and pharmacological effects. This brief article discusses the therapeutic potential of glycyrrhizin for the treatment of COVID-19 from the perspective of its pharmacological action, including binding angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), downregulating proinflammatory cytokines, inhibiting the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting thrombin, inhibiting the hyperproduction of airway exudates, and inducing endogenous interferon."}, {"pmid": 32338793, "pmcid": "PMC7267442", "title": "Thyroid surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: Principles and philosophies.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Shaha, Ashok R"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338793", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357959, "title": "An 81 nucleotide deletion in SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a identified from sentinel surveillance in Arizona (Jan-Mar 2020).", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Holland, LaRinda A", "Kaelin, Emily A", "Maqsood, Rabia", "Estifanos, Bereket", "Wu, Lily I", "Varsani, Arvind", "Halden, Rolf U", "Hogue, Brenda G", "Scotch, Matthew", "Lim, Efrem S"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357959", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 26 2020, the first Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) case was reported in Arizona (3rd case in the US) (1).\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32315907, "pmcid": "PMC7160636", "title": "What do we know about the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in the environment?", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Nunez-Delgado, Avelino"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315907", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In view of the current situation regarding the Covid-19 disease, a discussion is proposed on the need for research focusing on the presence and evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in water, soils and other environmental compartments, reached through wastewater and sewage sludge spreading. Also, the evaluation of current treatments for wastewater and sewage sludge, as well as the eventual development of new specific techniques, based on sorption, nanotechnology, etc., would be of great interest for controlling the environmental dissemination of these viruses in the current and eventual future outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32513549, "title": "Leveraging IR's Adaptability During COVID-19: A Multicenter Single Urban Health System Experience.", "journal": "J Vasc Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Manna, Sayan", "Voutsinas, Nicholas", "Maron, Samuel Z", "Cedillo, Mario A", "Toussie, Danielle", "Nowakowski, F Scott", "Lookstein, Robert A", "Fischman, Aaron"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513549", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251794, "pmcid": "PMC7195062", "title": "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): does it have a role in the treatment of severe COVID-19?", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hong, Xiaoyang", "Xiong, Jing", "Feng, Zhichun", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251794", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged since December 2019 in Wuhan city, and has quickly spread throughout China and other countries. To date, no specific treatment has been proven to be effective for SARS-CoV-2 infection. According to World Health Organization (WHO), management of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has mainly focused on infection prevention, case detection and monitoring, and supportive care. Given to the previous experience, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been proven to be an effective therapy in the treatment of respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). On the basis of similar principle, ECMO may be also an effective therapy in the treatment of severe COVID-19. In this study, we described and discussed the clinical outcomes of ECMO for ARDS patients, ECMO use for severe COVID-19 in China, the indications of ECMO use, and some important issues associated with ECMO."}, {"pmid": 32492294, "title": "Swabs Collected by Patients or Health Care Workers for SARS-CoV-2 Testing.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Tu, Yuan-Po", "Jennings, Rachel", "Hart, Brian", "Cangelosi, Gerard A", "Wood, Rachel C", "Wehber, Kevin", "Verma, Prateek", "Vojta, Deneen", "Berke, Ethan M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492294", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32159805, "pmcid": "PMC7107249", "title": "Exogenous melatonin alleviates cadmium uptake and toxicity in apple rootstocks.", "journal": "Tree Physiol", "authors": ["He, Jiali", "Zhuang, Xiaolei", "Zhou, Jiangtao", "Sun, Luyang", "Wan, Huixue", "Li, Huifeng", "Lyu, Deguo"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159805", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine the potential roles of melatonin in cadmium (Cd) uptake, accumulation and detoxification in Malus plants, we exposed two different apple rootstocks varying greatly in Cd uptake and accumulation to either 0 or 30\u00a0\u03bcM Cd together with 0 or 100\u00a0\u03bcM melatonin. Cadmium stress stimulated endogenous melatonin production to a greater extent in the Cd-tolerant Malus baccata Borkh. than in the Cd-susceptible Malus micromalus 'qingzhoulinqin'. Melatonin application attenuated Cd-induced reductions in growth, photosynthesis and enzyme activity, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde accumulation. Melatonin treatment more effectively restored photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments and biomass in Cd-challenged M. micromalus 'qingzhoulinqin' than in Cd-stressed M. baccata. Exogenous melatonin lowered root Cd2+ uptake, reduced leaf Cd accumulation, decreased Cd translocation factors and increased root, stem and leaf melatonin contents in both Cd-exposed rootstocks. Melatonin application increased both antioxidant concentrations and enzyme activities to scavenge Cd-induced ROS. Exogenous melatonin treatment altered the mRNA levels of several genes regulating Cd uptake, transport and detoxification including HA7, NRAMP1, NRAMP3, HMA4, PCR2, NAS1, MT2, ABCC1 and MHX. Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous melatonin reduced aerial parts Cd accumulation and mitigated Cd toxicity in Malus plants, probably due to the melatonin-mediated Cd allocation in tissues, and induction of antioxidant defense system and transcriptionally regulated key genes involved in detoxification."}, {"pmid": 32278704, "pmcid": "PMC7195063", "title": "Measurement of body temperature to prevent pandemic COVID-19 in hospitals in Taiwan: repeated measurement is necessary.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Hsiao, S-H", "Chen, T-C", "Chien, H-C", "Yang, C-J", "Chen, Y-H"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278704", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438940, "pmcid": "PMC7248587", "title": "Delayed Primary and Specialty Care: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic Second Wave.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Weinstein, Eric", "Ragazzoni, Luca", "Burkle, Frederick", "Allen, Mea", "Hogan, David", "Della Corte, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438940", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Time is of the essence to continue the pandemic disaster cycle with a comprehensive post-COVID-19 health care delivery system RECOVERY analysis, plan and operation at the local, regional and state level.The second wave of COVID-19 pandemic response are not the ripples of acute COVID-19 patient clusters that will persist until a vaccine strategy is designed and implemented to effect herd immunity. The COVID-19 second wave are the patients that have had their primary and specialty care delayed. This exponential wave of patients requires prompt health care delivery system planning and response."}, {"pmid": 32365891, "title": "COVID-19 Surface Persistence: A Recent Data Summary and Its Importance for Medical and Dental Settings.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Fiorillo, Luca", "Cervino, Gabriele", "Matarese, Marco", "D'Amico, Cesare", "Surace, Giovanni", "Paduano, Valeria", "Fiorillo, Maria Teresa", "Moschella, Antonio", "Bruna, Alessia La", "Romano, Giovanni Luca", "Laudicella, Riccardo", "Baldari, Sergio", "Cicciu, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365891", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, due to the coronavirus pandemic, many guidelines and anti-contagion strategies continue to report unclear information about the persistence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the environment. This certainly generates insecurity and fear in people, with an important psychological component that is not to be underestimated at this stage of the pandemic. The purpose of this article is to highlight all the sources currently present in the literature concerning the persistence of the different coronaviruses in the environment as well as in medical and dental settings. As this was a current study, there are still not many sources in the literature, and scientific strategies are moving towards therapy and diagnosis, rather than knowing the characteristics of the virus. Such an article could be an aid to summarize virus features and formulate new guidelines and anti-spread strategies."}, {"pmid": 32451973, "pmcid": "PMC7247741", "title": "Low-dose radiation therapy: could it be a game-changer for COVID-19?", "journal": "Clin Transl Oncol", "authors": ["Montero, A", "Arenas, M", "Algara, M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451973", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470485, "pmcid": "PMC7250068", "title": "Does asthma affect morbidity or severity of Covid-19?", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Matsumoto, Kenji", "Saito, Hirohisa"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470485", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324358, "title": "Essential new informations for the clinical recognition of COVID-19 infection and the prevention possibilities of healthcare personnel working in the head and neck region", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Antal, Mark", "Szabo, Reka Magdolna", "Juhasz, Zoltan", "Vereb, Tamas", "Piffko, Jozsef"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324358", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic probably started in China in 2019 and is influencing the whole healthcare system worldwide. As several healthcare interventions are essential even during pandemics, it is necessary for professionals working in such fields to get up-to-date information about the virus and its aspects that can influence patient care and suggested actions. The current article is a literature review, in which the authors elaborated the recently available scientific articles with their relevancy for clinical interventions as primary factor. The processed articles emphasize that during interventions in the head and neck region, especially when using rotating instruments, it is of utmost importance for all personnel being present at the time of intervention to wear full protection, including disposable medical uniforms, glasses and special masks. These single-use items have to be changed after each intervention and the whole team has to be educated for this process in advance. In order to avoid cross-contamination and infection of personnel during intervention, it is essential to keep all work-safety and infection-control precautions extremely strictly. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 660\u2013666."}, {"pmid": 32514210, "pmcid": "PMC7265930", "title": "The need for a coordinated international pandemic response.", "journal": "Bull World Health Organ", "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514210", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to the international agreement governing responses to public health emergencies, with some experts calling for its revision. Lynn Eaton and Gary Humphreys report."}, {"pmid": 32289517, "pmcid": "PMC7151381", "title": "Lung Cancer Surgical Management During the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Cafarotti, Stefano", "Patella, Miriam"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289517", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237918, "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19: between hope and caution.", "journal": "Clin Toxicol (Phila)", "authors": ["Megarbane, Bruno"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237918", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291094, "pmcid": "PMC7146714", "title": "Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Klok, F A", "Kruip, M J H A", "van der Meer, N J M", "Arbous, M S", "Gommers, D A M P J", "Kant, K M", "Kaptein, F H J", "van Paassen, J", "Stals, M A M", "Huisman, M V", "Endeman, H"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291094", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 may predispose to both venous and arterial thromboembolism due to excessive inflammation, hypoxia, immobilisation and diffuse intravascular coagulation. Reports on the incidence of thrombotic complications are however not available. We evaluated the incidence of the composite outcome of symptomatic acute pulmonary embolism (PE), deep-vein thrombosis, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction or systemic arterial embolism in all COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU of 2 Dutch university hospitals and 1 Dutch teaching hospital. We studied 184 ICU patients with proven COVID-19 pneumonia of whom 23 died (13%), 22 were discharged alive (12%) and 139 (76%) were still on the ICU on April 5th 2020. All patients received at least standard doses thromboprophylaxis. The cumulative incidence of the composite outcome was 31% (95%CI 20-41), of which CTPA and/or ultrasonography confirmed VTE in 27% (95%CI 17-37%) and arterial thrombotic events in 3.7% (95%CI 0-8.2%). PE was the most frequent thrombotic complication (n\u00a0=\u00a025, 81%). Age (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.05/per year, 95%CI 1.004-1.01) and coagulopathy, defined as spontaneous prolongation of the prothrombin time\u00a0>\u00a03\u00a0s or activated partial thromboplastin time\u00a0>\u00a05\u00a0s (aHR 4.1, 95%CI 1.9-9.1), were independent predictors of thrombotic complications. The 31% incidence of thrombotic complications in ICU patients with COVID-19 infections is remarkably high. Our findings reinforce the recommendation to strictly apply pharmacological thrombosis prophylaxis in all COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU, and are strongly suggestive of increasing the prophylaxis towards high-prophylactic doses, even in the absence of randomized evidence."}, {"pmid": 32459621, "title": "Evaluation of World Health Organization-Recommended Hand Hygiene Formulations.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Suchomel, Miranda", "Eggers, Maren", "Maier, Steffen", "Kramer, Axel", "Dancer, Stephanie J", "Pittet, Didier"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459621", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a result of the coronavirus disease pandemic, commercial hand hygiene products have become scarce and World Health Organization (WHO) alcohol-based hand rub formulations containing ethanol or isopropanol are being produced for hospitals worldwide. Neither WHO formulation meets European Norm 12791, the basis for approval as a surgical hand preparation, nor satisfies European Norm 1500, the basis for approval as a hygienic hand rub. We evaluated the efficacy of modified formulations with alcohol concentrations in mass instead of volume percentage and glycerol concentrations of 0.5% instead of 1.45%. Both modified formulations met standard requirements for a 3-minute surgical hand preparation, the usual duration of surgical hand treatment in most hospitals in Europe. Contrary to the originally proposed WHO hand rub formulations, both modified formulations are appropriate for surgical hand preparation after 3 minutes when alcohol concentrations of 80% wt/wt ethanol or 75% wt/wt isopropanol along with reduced glycerol concentration (0.5%) are used."}, {"pmid": 32423901, "title": "How covid-19 is accelerating the threat of antimicrobial resistance.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Hsu, Jeremy"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423901", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196079, "title": "Stopping the Spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Desai, Angel N", "Patel, Payal"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196079", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243920, "pmcid": "PMC7270857", "title": "(18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Patient With Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Referred to Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for NSCLC Restaging.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Polverari, Giulia", "Arena, Vincenzo", "Ceci, Francesco", "Pelosi, Ettore", "Ianniello, Annarita", "Poli, Elena", "Sandri, Alberto", "Penna, Daniele"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243920", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289216, "title": "Drug Evaluation during the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rome, Benjamin N", "Avorn, Jerry"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289216", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505470, "title": "To-go medications as a means to treat discharged emergency department patients during COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Molina, Melanie F", "Chary, Anita N", "Baugh, Joshua J", "Ludy, Stephanie", "Ginart, Paul", "Dadabhoy, Farah Z", "Samuels-Kalow, Margaret E", "Slutzman, Jonathan E", "Raja, Ali S", "Hayes, Bryan D"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505470", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508388, "pmcid": "PMC7249801", "title": "Medical recommendations for home-confined footballers' training during the COVID-19 pandemic: from evidence to practical application.", "journal": "Biol Sport", "authors": ["Eirale, Cristiano", "Bisciotti, Giannicola", "Corsini, Alessandro", "Baudot, Christophe", "Saillant, Gerard", "Chalabi, Hakim"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508388", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early 2020, the world is facing a global emergency called COVID-19. Many professional footballers around the world are home confined. The maintenance of physical capacity is a fundamental requirement for the athlete, so the training sessions must be adapted to this unique situation. Specific recommendations must be followed concerning the type of training, its intensity, the precautions that have to be followed to avoid the possibility of contagion, and the restrictions in accordance with the presence of any symptoms. This article analyses the available scientific evidence in order to recommend a practical approach."}, {"pmid": 32498023, "pmcid": "PMC7212957", "title": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the COVID-19 pandemic: Reciprocal challenges.", "journal": "Respir Med Res", "authors": ["Deslee, G", "Zysman, M", "Burgel, P-R", "Perez, T", "Boyer, L", "Gonzalez, J", "Roche, N"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498023", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430287, "pmcid": "PMC7217778", "title": "Rho kinase inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome: Support from Bartter's and Gitelman's syndrome patients.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Calo, Lorenzo A", "Bertoldi, Giovanni", "Davis, Paul A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430287", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361028, "pmcid": "PMC7191300", "title": "Amantadine disrupts lysosomal gene expression: A hypothesis for COVID19 treatment.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Smieszek, Sandra P", "Przychodzen, Bart P", "Polymeropoulos, Mihael H"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361028", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-coronavirus 2 is the causal agent of the COVID-19 outbreak. SARS-Cov-2 entry into a cell is dependent upon binding of the viral spike (S) protein to cellular receptor and on cleavage of the spike protein by the host cell proteases such as Cathepsin L and Cathepsin B. CTSL/B are crucial elements of lysosomal pathway and both enzymes are almost exclusively located in the lysosomes. CTSL disruption offers potential for CoVID-19 therapies. The mechanisms of disruption include: decreasing expression of CTSL, direct inhibition of CTSL activity and affecting the conditions of CTSL environment (increase pH in the lysosomes). We have conducted a high throughput drug screen gene expression analysis to identify compounds that would downregulate the expression of CTSL/CTSB. One of the top significant results shown to downregulate the expression of the CTSL gene is amantadine (10uM). Amantadine was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1968 as a prophylactic agent for influenza and later for Parkinson's disease. It is available as a generic drug. Amantadine in addition to downregulating CTSL appears to further disrupt lysosomal pathway, hence, interfering with the capacity of the virus to replicate. It acts as a lysosomotropic agent altering the CTSL functional environment.\u00a0 We hypothesize that amantadine could decrease the viral load in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and as such it may serve as a potent therapeutic decreasing the replication and infectivity of the virus likely leading to better clinical outcomes. Clinical studies will be needed to examine the therapeutic utility of amantadine in COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32445776, "pmcid": "PMC7239006", "title": "PREVENTION AND PROTECTION MEASURES OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS EXPOSED IN HEALTH SETTINGS TO SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS FROM SARS-COV-2 IN A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN BARI, APULIA REGION, SOUTHERN ITALY.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Luigi, Vimercati", "Alessandro, Dell'Erba", "Giovanni, Migliore", "Luigi, De Maria", "Antonio, Caputi", "Marco, Quarato", "Pasquale, Stefanizzi", "Domenica, Cavone", "Davide, Ferorelli", "Stefania, Sponselli", "Francesca, Mansi", "Silvio, Tafuri"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445776", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2-related SARIs (severe acute respiratory infections) have a major impact on public health; moreover, healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed to a high biological risk. The aim of this study was to show the prevention procedures in place in the University Hospital of Bari (Apulia Region, Southern Italy) to reduce this risk to HCWs, consisting of the enhancement of preventive measures and the activation of a report system to collect HCWs' contacts. To date, 23 confirmed cases of infections (0.4% of all HCWs) have been reported in a 30-day observation period. These results show that correct management of HCWs' contacts is essential to avoid nosocomial clusters."}, {"pmid": 32277162, "pmcid": "PMC7147357", "title": "Perinatal aspects on the covid-19 pandemic: a practical resource for perinatal-neonatal specialists.", "journal": "J Perinatol", "authors": ["Mimouni, Francis", "Lakshminrusimha, Satyan", "Pearlman, Stephen A", "Raju, Tonse", "Gallagher, Patrick G", "Mendlovic, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277162", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is known about the perinatal aspects of COVID-19. To summarize available evidence and provide perinatologists/neonatologists with tools for managing their patients. Analysis of available literature on COVID-19 using Medline and Google scholar. From scant data: vertical transmission from maternal infection during the third trimester probably does not occur or likely it occurs very rarely. Consequences of COVID-19 infection among women during early pregnancy remain unknown. We cannot conclude if pregnancy is a risk factor for more severe disease in women with COVID-19. Little is known about disease severity in neonates, and from very few samples, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 has not been documented in human milk. Links to websites of organizations with updated COVID-19 information are provided. Infographics summarize an approach to the pregnant woman or neonate with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. As the pandemic continues, more data will be available that could lead to changes in current knowledge and recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32505722, "title": "Response Letter: Radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumopathy.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Kirsch, David G", "Diehn, Maximilian", "Cucinotta, Francis A", "Weichselbaum, Ralph"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505722", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505222, "title": "Early evidence of pronounced brain involvement in fatal COVID-19 outcomes.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["von Weyhern, Claus Hann", "Kaufmann, Ines", "Neff, Frauke", "Kremer, Marcus"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505222", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475012, "title": "Testing for SARS-CoV-2: the day the world turned its attention to the clinical laboratory.", "journal": "Clin Transl Sci", "authors": ["Zhao, Xuemei", "Markensohn, Julia F", "Wollensak, David A", "Laterza, Omar F"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475012", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the last few months, an unprecedented number of laboratory tests for COVID-19 have been developed at a remarkable speed. With the rapid adoption of these tests into clinical practice, combined with the widespread publicity they received, questions arose related to the different types of tests, their utility, performance, and regulatory approval status. The aim of this publication is to provide a general landscape of laboratory testing for COVID-19 and offer a historical and regulatory perspective associated with them. Specifically, we aim to elaborate on the regulatory complexities of diagnostic testing in the U.S. and its implications to the present outbreak, as well as provide a synopsis of laboratory tests that have been developed for COVID-19. We will first address the detection of Sars-Cov-2 directly by either nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) or by the detection of the viral protein for active infections. Subsequently, we will provide an overview of serological tests that can aid not only in diagnosis but additionally help to identify prior infections and potential immunity."}, {"pmid": 32419877, "pmcid": "PMC7224664", "title": "Collateral Damage During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Gilligan, Jeffrey", "Gologorsky, Yakov"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419877", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408252, "pmcid": "PMC7195057", "title": "COVID-19, anxiety, sleep disturbances and suicide.", "journal": "Sleep Med", "authors": ["Sher, Leo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408252", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459793, "title": "Just-in-Time Simulation to Guide Workflow Design for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Difficult Airway Management.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Daly Guris, Rodrigo J", "Doshi, Anushree", "Boyer, Donald L", "Good, Grace", "Gurnaney, Harshad G", "Rosenblatt, Samuel", "McGowan, Nancy", "Widmeier, Keith", "Kishida, Mizue", "Nadkarni, Vinay", "Nishisaki, Akira", "Wolfe, Heather A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459793", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has required that hospitals rapidly adapt workflows and processes to limit disease spread and optimize the care of critically ill children. As part of our institution's coronavirus disease 2019 critical care workflow design process, we developed and conducted a number of simulation exercises, increasing in complexity, progressing to intubation wearing personal protective equipment, and culminating in activation of our difficult airway team for an airway emergency. In situ simulations were used to identify and rework potential failure points to generate guidance for optimal airway management in coronavirus disease 2019 suspected or positive children. Subsequent to this high-realism difficult airway simulation was a real-life difficult airway event in a patient suspected of coronavirus disease 2019 less than 12 hours later, validating potential failure points and effectiveness of rapidly generated guidance. A number of potential workflow challenges were identified during tabletop and physical in situ manikin-based simulations. Experienced clinicians served as participants, debriefed, and provided feedback that was incorporated into local site clinical pathways, job aids, and suggested practices. Clinical management of an actual suspected coronavirus disease 2019 patient with difficult airway demonstrated very similar success and anticipated failure points. Following debriefing and assembly of a success/failure grid, a coronavirus disease 2019 airway bundle template was created using these simulations and clinical experiences for others to adapt to their sites. Integration of tabletop planning, in situ simulations, and debriefing of real coronavirus disease 2019 cases can enhance planning, training, job aids, and feasible policies/procedures that address human factors, team communication, equipment choice, and patient/provider safety in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic era."}, {"pmid": 32310028, "title": "COVID-19: Limiting the Risks for Eye Care Professionals.", "journal": "Ocul Immunol Inflamm", "authors": ["Sadhu, Soumen", "Agrawal, Rupesh", "Pyare, Richa", "Pavesio, Carlos", "Zierhut, Manfred", "Khatri, Anadi", "Smith, Justine R", "de Smet, Marc D", "Biswas, Jyotirmay"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310028", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the outbreak of the disease COVID-19, it has reached pandemic proportions within a very short time. It is mainly transmitted human-to-human through direct contact with secretions from an infected person or through inhalation of droplets containing SARS-CoV-2. It is controversial whether the virus may be transmitted via tears. Exposed ocular surface can serve as a gateway in transmission and acquiring respiratory diseases. Considering the reported cases on healthcare workers indicating nosocomial transmission and the anatomical and physiological aspects it is perceived that ophthalmic healthcare professionals are at higher risk of contracting the virus by virtue of their job. In this narrative review we discuss current evidence around detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human tears and forms of transmissions reported to date. We also provide a comprehensive approach that may be implemented in an ophthalmic care facility to protect healthcare personnel, as well as patients, from contracting the virus."}, {"pmid": 32386571, "pmcid": "PMC7252187", "title": "Tropism, replication competence, and innate immune responses of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in human respiratory tract and conjunctiva: an analysis in ex-vivo and in-vitro cultures.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Hui, Kenrie P Y", "Cheung, Man-Chun", "Perera, Ranawaka A P M", "Ng, Ka-Chun", "Bui, Christine H T", "Ho, John C W", "Ng, Mandy M T", "Kuok, Denise I T", "Shih, Kendrick C", "Tsao, Sai-Wah", "Poon, Leo L M", "Peiris, Malik", "Nicholls, John M", "Chan, Michael C W"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386571", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019, causing a respiratory disease (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) of varying severity in Wuhan, China, and subsequently leading to a pandemic. The transmissibility and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 remain poorly understood. We evaluate its tissue and cellular tropism in human respiratory tract, conjunctiva, and innate immune responses in comparison with other coronavirus and influenza virus to provide insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis. We isolated SARS-CoV-2 from a patient with confirmed COVID-19, and compared virus tropism and replication competence with SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 (H1N1pdm) in ex-vivo cultures of human bronchus (n=5) and lung (n=4). We assessed extrapulmonary infection using ex-vivo cultures of human conjunctiva (n=3) and in-vitro cultures of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Innate immune responses and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression were investigated in human alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages. In-vitro studies included the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus (H5N1) and mock-infected cells as controls. SARS-CoV-2 infected ciliated, mucus-secreting, and club cells of bronchial epithelium, type 1 pneumocytes in the lung, and the conjunctival mucosa. In the bronchus, SARS-CoV-2 replication competence was similar to MERS-CoV, and higher than SARS-CoV, but lower than H1N1pdm. In the lung, SARS-CoV-2 replication was similar to SARS-CoV and H1N1pdm, but was lower than MERS-CoV. In conjunctiva, SARS-CoV-2 replication was greater than SARS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 was a less potent inducer of proinflammatory cytokines than H5N1, H1N1pdm, or MERS-CoV. The conjunctival epithelium and conducting airways appear to be potential portals of infection for SARS-CoV-2. Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 replicated similarly in the alveolar epithelium; SARS-CoV-2 replicated more extensively in the bronchus than SARS-CoV. These findings provide important insights into the transmissibility and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and differences with other respiratory pathogens. US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University Grants Committee of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Health and Medical Research Fund, Food and Health Bureau, Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China."}, {"pmid": 32320812, "pmcid": "PMC7167220", "title": "[Breast cancer management during the COVID 19 pandemic: The CNGOF takes action].", "journal": "Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol", "authors": ["Mathelin, C", "Nisand, I"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320812", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461227, "pmcid": "PMC7254130", "title": "Universal masking for COVID-19: evidence, ethics and recommendations.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Chan, Tak Kwong"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461227", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273134, "pmcid": "PMC7136884", "title": "Methanol Poisoning Emerging as the Result of COVID-19 Outbreak; Radiologic Perspective.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Iranpour, Pooya", "Firoozi, Homa", "Haseli, Sara"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273134", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457932, "pmcid": "PMC7250427", "title": "Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19.", "journal": "Toxicol Commun", "authors": ["Erickson, T B", "Chai, P R", "Boyer, E W"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457932", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The media have featured the antimalarials chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to treat coronavirus (COVID-19). Political leaders have touted their use and recommended availability to the public. These anti-inflammatory agents have substantial human toxicity with a narrow therapeutic window. CQ and HCQ poisoning cause myocardial depression and profound hypotension due to vasodilation. Bradycardia and ventricular escape rhythms arise from impaired myocardial automaticity and conductivity due to sodium and potassium channel blockade. With cardiotoxicity, ECGs may show widened QRS, atrioventricular heart block and QT interval prolongation. CQ may also cause seizures, often refractory to standard treatment. Of concern is pediatric poisoning, where 1-2 pills of CQ or HCQ can cause serious and potentially fatal toxicity in a toddler. The treatment of CQ/HCQ poisoning includes high-dose intravenous diazepam postulated to have positive ionotropic and antidysrhythmic properties that may antagonize the cardiotoxic effects of CQ. Infusions of epinephrine titrated to treat unstable hypotension, as well as potassium for severe hypokalemia may be required. Current scientific evidence does not support treatment or prophylactic use of these agents for COVID-19 disease. Regulatory and public health authorities recognize that CQ/HCQ may offer little clinical benefit and only add risk requiring further investigation before wider public distribution."}, {"pmid": 32352874, "title": "Nasal Pressure Injuries During the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["Dell'Era, Valeria", "Aluffi Valletti, Paolo", "Garzaro, Massimiliano"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352874", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272003, "title": "Disease Control, Civil Liberties, and Mass Testing - Calibrating Restrictions during the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Studdert, David M", "Hall, Mark A"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272003", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390643, "title": "COVID-19 and Parkinson's Disease: Are We Dealing with Short-term Impacts or Something Worse?", "journal": "J Parkinsons Dis", "authors": ["Victorino, Daniella Balduino", "Guimaraes-Marques, Marcia", "Nejm, Mariana", "Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre", "Scorza, Carla Alessandra"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366633, "title": "Why the ABCs Matter More than Ever in Medical Education.", "journal": "N C Med J", "authors": ["Freischlag, Julie Ann", "Files, Katherine"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366633", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Addressing social drivers of health in medical education-through community engagement experiences-is essential for health equity and the development of future physicians. While this was written before the COVID-19 pandemic, these practices will gain even more importance as we come together to better understand its health and community implications in North Carolina and the United States."}, {"pmid": 32414594, "pmcid": "PMC7252193", "title": "Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 in 11 patients after thoracic surgery and challenges in diagnosis.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Peng, Shu", "Huang, Liu", "Zhao, Bo", "Zhou, Shuchang", "Braithwaite, Irene", "Zhang, Ni", "Fu, Xiangning"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414594", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To illustrate the clinical course and difficulties in early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients after thoracic surgery. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical course of the first 11 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 after thoracic surgery in early January 2020. Postoperative clinical, laboratory, and radiologic records and the time line of clinical course were summarized. Potential prognostic factors were evaluated. In the 11 confirmed cases (3 female, 8 male), median days from symptom onset to case detection was 8. Insidious symptom onset and misinterpreted postoperative changes on chest computed tomography (CT) resulted in delay in diagnosis. There were 3 fatalities due to respiratory failure, whereas 4 severe and 4 mild cases recovered and were discharged. All patients had once experienced leukocytosis and eosinopenia. Remittent fever and resected lung segments \u22655 were associated with fatality. The case fatality rate of postsurgical patients subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19 was 27.3%. Insidious symptom onset, postoperative leukocytosis with lymphopenia, and postsurgical CT changes overshadowed the early signs of viral pneumonia. Dynamic symptom monitoring, serial chest CTs, and tests for viral RNA and serum antibody improve the chance for prompt detection of COVID-19. Consideration should be given to preadmission and preoperative screening and strict contact isolation during the postoperative period."}, {"pmid": 32349966, "title": "Covid-19: Antibody test that claims to be 99% accurate is certified by EU.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349966", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451343, "title": "Is withdrawing treatment really more problematic than withholding treatment?", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Cameron, James", "Savulescu, Julian", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451343", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a concern that as a result of COVID-19 there will be a shortage of ventilators for patients requiring respiratory support. This concern has resulted in significant debate about whether it is appropriate to withdraw ventilation from one patient in order to provide it to another patient who may benefit more. The current advice available to doctors appears to be inconsistent, with some suggesting withdrawal of treatment is more serious than withholding, while others suggest that this distinction should not be made. We argue that there is no ethically relevant difference between withdrawing and withholding treatment and that suggesting otherwise may have problematic consequences. If doctors are discouraged from withdrawing treatment, concern about a future shortage may make them reluctant to provide ventilation to patients who are unlikely to have a successful outcome. This may result in underutilisation of available resources. A national policy is urgently required to provide doctors with guidance about how patients should be prioritised to ensure the maximum benefit is derived from limited resources."}, {"pmid": 32247826, "pmcid": "PMC7129961", "title": "Delivery of infection from asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19 in a familial cluster.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ye, Feng", "Xu, Shicai", "Rong, Zhihua", "Xu, Ronghua", "Liu, Xiaowei", "Deng, Pingfu", "Liu, Hai", "Xu, Xuejun"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247826", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 around the world, it has become a worldwide health concern. One previous study reported a family cluster with an asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19. Here, we report another series of cases and further demonstrate the repeatability of the transmission of COVID-19 by pre-symptomatic carriers. A familial cluster of five patients associated with COVID-19 was enrolled in the hospital. We collected epidemiological and clinical characteristics, laboratory outcomes from electronic medical records, and also verified them with the patients and their families. Among them, three family members (Case 3/4/5) had returned from Wuhan. Additionally, two family members, those who had not traveled to Wuhan, also contracted COVID-19 after contacting with the other three family members. Case 1 developed severe pneumonia and was admitted to the ICU. Case 3 and Case 5 presented fever and cough on days two through three of hospitalization and had ground-glass opacity changes in their lungs. Case 4 presented with diarrhea and pharyngalgia after admission without radiographic abnormalities. Case 2 presented no clinical nor radiographic abnormalities. All five cases had an increasing level of C-reactive protein. Our findings indicate that COVID-19 can be transmitted by asymptomatic carriers during the incubation period."}, {"pmid": 32149772, "title": "Comparative effectiveness and safety of ribavirin plus interferon-alpha, lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon-alpha, and ribavirin plus lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon-alpha in patients with mild to moderate novel coronavirus disease 2019: study protocol.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Zeng, Yan-Ming", "Xu, Xiao-Lei", "He, Xiao-Qing", "Tang, Sheng-Quan", "Li, Yao", "Huang, Yin-Qiu", "Harypursat, Vijay", "Chen, Yao-Kai"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149772", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274985, "pmcid": "PMC7253134", "title": "COVID-19: The Need for Immunoprevention at Industrial Scale.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Halstead, Scott B"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274985", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283815, "pmcid": "PMC7226831", "title": "Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome for Severe COVID-19 Infections: Premises for the Therapeutic Use.", "journal": "Cells", "authors": ["Bari, Elia", "Ferrarotti, Ilaria", "Saracino, Laura", "Perteghella, Sara", "Torre, Maria Luisa", "Corsico, Angelo Guido"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283815", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From the end of 2019, the world population has been faced the spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19 infection. In approximately 14% of the patients affected by the novel coronavirus, the infection progresses with the development of pneumonia that requires mechanical ventilation. At the moment, there is no specific antiviral treatment recommended for the COVID-19 pandemic and the therapeutic strategies to deal with the infection are only supportive. In our opinion, mesenchymal stem cell secretome could offer a new therapeutic approach in treating COVID-19 pneumonia, due to the broad pharmacological effects it shows, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, regenerative, pro-angiogenic and anti-fibrotic properties."}, {"pmid": 32299867, "pmcid": "PMC7163690", "title": "High-flow nasal cannula for COVID-19 patients: low risk of bio-aerosol dispersion.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Li, Jie", "Fink, James B", "Ehrmann, Stephan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299867", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291630, "pmcid": "PMC7155949", "title": "Common breaches in biosafety during donning and doffing of protective personal equipment used in the care of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Munoz-Leyva, Felipe", "Niazi, Ahtsham U"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291630", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226962, "title": "COVID-19 in a Patient Presenting with Syncope and a Normal Chest X-ray.", "journal": "R I Med J (2013)", "authors": ["Tape, Chantal", "Byrd, Katrina M", "Aung, Su", "Lonks, John R", "Flanigan, Timothy P", "Rybak, Natasha R"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226962", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus that has now affected hundreds of thousands of individuals across the world. Amidst this global pandemic, maintaining a high index of suspicion, rapid testing capacity, and infection control measures are required to curtail the virus' rapid spread. While fever and respiratory symptoms have been commonly used to identify COVID-19 suspects, we present an elderly female who arrived to the hospital after a syncopal episode. She was afebrile with a normal chest X-ray and there was no suspicion of COVID-19. She then developed a fever and tested positive for COVID-19. Our unique case underscores the increasing diversity of COVID-19 presentations and potential for initial mis- diagnosis and delay in implementing proper precautions."}, {"pmid": 32222463, "pmcid": "PMC7102646", "title": "Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp): A molecular docking study.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Elfiky, Abdo A"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222463", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new human coronavirus (HCoV), which has been designated SARS-CoV-2, began spreading in December 2019 in Wuhan City, China causing pneumonia called COVID-19. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been faster than any other coronaviruses that have succeeded in crossing the animal-human barrier. There is concern that this new virus will spread around the world as did the previous two HCoVs-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-each of which caused approximately 800 deaths in the years 2002 and 2012, respectively. Thus far, 11,268 deaths have been reported from the 258,842 confirmed infections in 168 countries. In this study, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of the newly emerged coronavirus is modeled, validated, and then targeted using different anti-polymerase drugs currently on the market that have been approved for use against various viruses. The results suggest the effectiveness of Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir as potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 since they tightly bind to its RdRp. In addition, the results suggest guanosine derivative (IDX-184), Setrobuvir, and YAK as top seeds for antiviral treatments with high potential to fight the SARS-CoV-2 strain specifically. The availability of FDA-approved anti-RdRp drugs can help treat patients and reduce the danger of the mysterious new viral infection COVID-19. The drugs mentioned above can tightly bind to the RdRp of the SARS-CoV-2 strain and thus may be used to treat the disease. No toxicity measurements are required for these drugs since they were previously tested prior to their approval by the FDA."}, {"pmid": 32467964, "title": "New Issues in Nursing Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy.", "journal": "Am J Crit Care", "authors": ["Bambi, Stefano", "Iozzo, Pasquale", "Lucchini, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467964", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404718, "title": "Medically Necessary Orthopaedic Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Safe Surgical Practices and a Classification to Guide Treatment.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Service, Benjamin C", "Collins, Andrew P", "Crespo, Antonio", "Couto, Patricia", "Gupta, Sunny", "Avilucea, Frank", "Kupiszewski, Stanley", "Langford, Joshua", "Lewellyn, Brett", "Petrie, Jeffrey", "Zumsteg, Justin W", "Zeini, Ibrahim M", "Osbahr, Daryl C", "Haidukewych, George J", "Romeo, Anthony A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404718", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly evolved as a viral pandemic. Countries worldwide have been affected by the recent outbreak caused by the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)-CoV-2 virus. As with prior viral pandemics, health-care workers are at increased risk. Orthopaedic surgical procedures are common in health-care systems, ranging from emergency to elective procedures. Many orthopaedic surgical procedures are life or limb-saving and cannot be postponed during the COVID-19 pandemic because of potential patient harm. Our goal is to analyze how orthopaedic surgeons can perform medically necessary procedures during the pandemic and to help guide decision-making perioperatively. We performed a review of the existing literature regarding COVID-19 and prior viral outbreaks to help guide clinical practice in terms of how to safely perform medically necessary orthopaedic procedures during the pandemic for both asymptomatic patients and high-risk (e.g., COVID-19-positive) patients. We created a classification system based on COVID-19 positivity, patient health status, and COVID-19 prevalence to help guide perioperative decision-making. We advocate that only urgent and emergency surgical procedures be performed. By following recommendations from the American College of Surgeons, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the recent literature, safe orthopaedic surgery and perioperative care can be performed. Screening measures are needed for patients and perioperative teams. Surgeons and perioperative teams at risk for contracting COVID-19 should use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including N95 respirators or powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs), when risk of viral spread is high. When preparing for medically necessary orthopaedic procedures during the pandemic, our classification system will help to guide decision-making. A multidisciplinary care plan is needed to ensure patient safety with medically necessary orthopaedic procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Orthopaedic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic can be performed safely when medically necessary but should be rare for COVID-19-positive or high-risk patients. Appropriate screening, PPE use, and multidisciplinary care will allow for safe medically necessary orthopaedic surgery to continue during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prognostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32342866, "pmcid": "PMC7129219", "title": "Cancer patients in Covid-19 era: Swimming against the tide.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Gregucci, Fabiana", "Caliandro, Morena", "Surgo, Alessia", "Carbonara, Roberta", "Bonaparte, Ilaria", "Fiorentino, Alba"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342866", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398190, "pmcid": "PMC7261963", "title": "\"Building the plane as you fly\": Simulation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Chaplin, Timothy", "McColl, Tamara", "Petrosoniak, Andrew", "Hall, Andrew Koch"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398190", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464585, "pmcid": "PMC7240267", "title": "Evolution and resolution of brain involvement associated with SARS- CoV2 infection: A close Clinical - Paraclinical follow up study of a case.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Afshar, Hale", "Yassin, Zeynab", "Kalantari, Saeed", "Aloosh, Oldooz", "Lotfi, Tayebeh", "Moghaddasi, Mehdi", "Sadeghipour, Alireza", "Emamikhah, Maziar"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464585", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus 2 is reported to affect the nervous system. Among the reports of the various neurological manifestations, there are a few documented specific processes to explain the neurological signs. We report a para-infectious encephalitis patient with clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings during evolution and convalescence phase of coronavirus infection. This comprehensive overview can illuminate the natural history of similar cases. As the two previously reported cases of encephalitis associated with this virus were not widely discussed regarding the treatment, we share our successful approach and add some recommendations about this new and scarce entity."}, {"pmid": 32501753, "title": "Local Government Efforts to Mitigate the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic among Older Adults.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Angel, Jacqueline L", "Mudrazija, Stipica"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501753", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus crisis spreads swiftly through the population, it takes a particularly heavy toll on minority individuals and older adults, with older minority adults at especially high risk. Given the shockingly high rates of infections and deaths in nursing homes, staying in the community appears to be a good option for older adults in this crisis, but in order for some older adults to do so much assistance is required. This situation draws attention to the need for benevolent intervention on the part of the state should older adults become ill or lose their sources of income and support during the crisis. This essay provides a brief overview of public support and the financial and health benefits for older individuals who remain in the community during the pandemic. It reports the case example of Austin, Texas, a city with a rapidly aging and diverse population of almost a million residents, to ask how we can assess the success of municipalities in responding to the changing needs of older adults in the community due to COVID-19. It concludes with a discussion of what governmental and non-governmental leadership can accomplish in situations such as that brought about by the current crisis."}, {"pmid": 32488665, "pmcid": "PMC7266415", "title": "Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Progress Towards Achieving Global Surgery Goals.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Mazingi, Dennis", "Navarro, Sergio", "Bobel, Matthew C", "Dube, Andile", "Mbanje, Chenesa", "Lavy, Chris"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488665", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the 5 months since it began, the COVID-19 pandemic has placed extraordinary demands on health systems around the world including surgery. Competing health objectives and resource redeployment threaten to retard the scale-up of surgical services in low- and middle-income countries where access to safe, affordable and timely care is low. The key aspiration of the Lancet Commission on global surgery was promotion of resilience in surgical systems. The current pandemic provides an opportunity to stress-test those systems and identify fault-lines that may not be easily apparent outside of times of crisis. We endeavoured to explore vulnerable points in surgical systems learning from the experience of past outbreaks, using examples from the current pandemic, and make recommendations for future health emergencies. The 6-component framework for surgical systems planning was used to categorise the effects of COVID-19 on surgical systems, with a particular focus on low- and middle-income countries. Key vulnerabilities were identified and recommendations were made for the current pandemic and for the future. Multiple stress points were identified throughout all of the 6 components of surgical systems. The impact is expected to be highest in the workforce, service delivery and infrastructure domains. Innovative new technologies should be employed to allow consistent, high-quality surgical care to continue even in times of crisis. If robust progress towards global surgery goals for 2030 is to continue, the stress points identified should be reinforced. An ongoing process of reappraisal and fortification will keep surgical systems in low- and middle-income countries responsive to \"old threats and new challenges\". Multiple opportunities exist to help realise the dream of surgical systems resilient to external shocks."}, {"pmid": 32398228, "title": "Helen Salisbury: GPs still have no access to coronavirus testing.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Salisbury, Helen"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398228", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500404, "pmcid": "PMC7272235", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and dentistry.", "journal": "Clin Oral Investig", "authors": ["Ortega, Karem L", "Rodrigues de Camargo, Alessandra", "Bertoldi Franco, Juliana", "Mano Azul, Antonio", "Perez Sayans, Mario", "Braz Silva, Paulo Henrique"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500404", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353184, "pmcid": "PMC7267575", "title": "Severe psychological distress among patients with epilepsy during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwest China.", "journal": "Epilepsia", "authors": ["Hao, Xiaoting", "Zhou, Dong", "Li, Zhe", "Zeng, Guojun", "Hao, Nanya", "Li, Enzhi", "Li, Wenjing", "Deng, Aiping", "Lin, Mintao", "Yan, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353184", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare the severity of psychological distress between patients with epilepsy and healthy controls during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwest China, as well as identify potential risk factors of severe psychological distress among patients with epilepsy. This cross-sectional case-control study examined a consecutive sample of patients older than 15\u00a0years treated at the epilepsy center of West China Hospital between February 1 and February 29, 2020. As controls, sex- and age-matched healthy visitors of inpatients (unrelated to the patients) were also enrolled during the same period. Data on demographics and attention paid to COVID-19 were collected by online questionnaire, data on epilepsy features were collected from electronic medical records, and psychological distress was evaluated using the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-6). Potential risk factors of severe psychological distress were identified using multivariate logistic regression. The 252 patients and 252 controls in this study were similar along all demographic variables except family income. Patients with epilepsy showed significantly higher K-6 scores than healthy controls and spent significantly more time following the COVID-19 outbreak (both P\u00a0<\u00a0.001). Univariate analyses associated both diagnosis of drug-resistant epilepsy and time spent paying attention to COVID-19 with severe psychological distress (defined as K-6 score >12; both P\u00a0\u2264\u00a0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified two independent predictors of severe psychological distress: time spent paying attention to COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.172, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.073-1.280) and diagnosis of drug-resistant epilepsy (OR = 0.283, 95% CI = 0.128-0.623). During public health outbreaks, clinicians and caregivers should focus not only on seizure control but also on mental health of patients with epilepsy, especially those with drug-resistant epilepsy. K-6 scores > 12 indicate severe psychological distress. This may mean, for example, encouraging patients to engage in other activities instead of excessively following media coverage of the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32268181, "pmcid": "PMC7131477", "title": "The role of close contacts tracking management in COVID-19 prevention: A cluster investigation in Jiaxing, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Ge, Rui", "Tian, Min", "Gu, Qijun", "Chen, Peigen", "Shen, Yuegen", "Qi, Yunpeng", "Yan, Yong", "Chen, Zhongwen"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268181", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404481, "title": "Large-scale, in-house production of viral transport media to support SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing in a multi-hospital healthcare network during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Smith, Kenneth P", "Cheng, Annie", "Chopelas, Amber", "DuBois-Coyne, Sarah", "Mezghani, Ikram", "Rodriguez, Shade", "Talay, Mustafa", "Kirby, James E"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404481", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has severely disrupted worldwide supplies of viral transport media (VTM) due to widespread demand for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing. In response to this ongoing shortage, we began production of VTM in-house in support of diagnostic testing in our hospital network. As our diagnostic laboratory was not equipped for reagent production, we took advantage of space and personnel that became available due to closure of the research division of our medical center. We utilized a formulation of VTM described by the CDC that was simple to produce, did not require filtration for sterilization, and used reagents that were available from commercial suppliers. Performance of VTM was evaluated by several quality assurance measures. Based on Ct values of spiking experiments, we found that our VTM supported highly consistent amplification of the SARS-CoV-2 target (coefficient of variation = 2.95%) using the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 EUA assay on the Abbott m2000 platform. VTM was also found to be compatible with multiple swab types and, based on accelerated stability studies, able to maintain functionality for at least four months at room temperature. We further discuss how we met logistical challenges associated with large-scale VTM production in a crisis setting including use of staged, assembly line for VTM transport tube production."}, {"pmid": 32391855, "title": "COVID-19 and Postinfection Immunity: Limited Evidence, Many Remaining Questions.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Kirkcaldy, Robert D", "King, Brian A", "Brooks, John T"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391855", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519258, "title": "BCG Vaccination Policy and Protection Against COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Meena, Jitendra", "Yadav, Arushi", "Kumar, Jogender"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519258", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340768, "pmcid": "PMC7177092", "title": "Risk of reactivation or reinfection of novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Alizargar, Javad"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340768", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517970, "title": "Initial data from an experiment to implement a safe procedure to perform PA erect chest radiographs for COVID-19 patients with a mobile radiographic system in a \"clean\" zone of the hospital ward.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Sng, L H", "Arlany, L", "Toh, L C", "Loo, T Y", "Ilzam, N S", "Wong, B S S", "Lanca, L"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517970", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the current Covid-19 pandemic, general wards have been converted into cohort wards for Covid-19 patients who are stable and ambulant. A 2-radiographer mobile radiography team is required to perform bedside Chest X-rays (CXR) for these patients. Hospital guidelines require both radiographers to be in full Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) throughout the image acquisition process and the mobile radiographic unit needs to be disinfected twice after each case. This affects the efficiency of the procedure and an increase usage of limited PPE resources. This study aims to explore the feasibility of performing mobile chest radiography with the mobile radiographic unit in a \"clean\" zone of the hospital ward. An anthropomorphic body phantom was used during the test. With the mobile radiographic unit placed in a \"clean\" zone, the phantom and the mobile radiographic unit was segregated by the room door with a clear glass panel. The test was carried out with the room door open and closed. Integrated radiation level and patient dose were measured. A consultant radiologist was invited to review and score all the images acquired using a Barco Medical Grade workstation. The Absolute Visual Grading Analysis (VGA) scoring system was used to score these images. A VGA score of 4 was given to all the 40 test images, suggesting that there is no significant differences in the image quality of the images acquired using the 2 different methods. Radiation exposure received by the patient at the highest kV setting through the glass is comparable to the regular CXR on patient without glass panel at 90\u00a0kV, suggesting that there is no significant increase in patient dose. The result suggests that acquiring CXR with the X-ray beam attenuating through a glass panel is a safe and feasible way of performing CXR for COVID-19 patients in the newly converted COVID wards. This will allow the mobile radiographic unit as well as one radiographer to be completely segregated from the patient. This new method of acquiring CXR in an isolation facility set up requires a 2-Radiographer mobile radiography team, and is applicable only for patients who are generally well and not presented with any mobility issues. It is also important to note that a clear glass panel must be present in the barriers set up for segregation between the \"clean\" zone and patient zone in order to use this new method of acquiring CXR."}, {"pmid": 32232466, "title": "Perspectives on Coronavirus Disease 2019 Control Measures for Ophthalmology Clinics Based on a Singapore Center Experience.", "journal": "JAMA Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Jun, Ivan Seah Yu", "Hui, Krystal Khoo Oon", "Songbo, Paul Zhao"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232466", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525667, "title": "Existence of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater: Implications for Its Environmental Transmission in Developing Communities.", "journal": "Environ Sci Technol", "authors": ["Usman, Muhammad", "Farooq, Muhammad", "Hanna, Khalil"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525667", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468052, "title": "Pancancer analysis of transmembrane protease serine 2 and cathepsin L that mediate cellular SARSCoV2 infection leading to COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Oncol", "authors": ["Katopodis, Periklis", "Anikin, Vladimir", "Randeva, Harpal S", "Spandidos, Demetrios A", "Chatha, Kamaljit", "Kyrou, Ioannis", "Karteris, Emmanouil"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468052", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus\u20112 (SARS\u2011CoV2) is the cause of a new disease (COVID\u201119) which has evolved into a pandemic during the first half of 2020. Older age, male sex and certain underlying diseases, including cancer, appear to significantly increase the risk for severe COVID\u201119. SARS\u2011CoV\u20112 infection of host cells is facilitated by the angiotensin\u2011converting enzyme\u00a02 (ACE\u20112), and by transmembrane protease serine\u00a02 (TMPRSS2) and other host cell proteases such as cathepsin\u00a0L (CTSL). With the exception of ACE\u20112, a systematic analysis of these two other SARS\u2011CoV2 infection mediators in malignancies is lacking. Here, we analysed genetic alteration, RNA expression, and DNA methylation of TMPRSS2 and CTSL across a wide spectrum of tumors and controls. TMPRSS2 was overexpressed in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD), rectum adenocarcinoma (READ), uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma and uterine carcinosarcoma, with PRAD and READ exhibiting the highest expression of all cancers. CTSL was upregulated in lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B\u2011cell lymphoma, oesophageal carcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, lower grade glioma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, skin cutaneous melanoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, and thymoma. Hypo\u2011methylation of both genes was evident in most cases where they have been highly upregulated. We have expanded on our observations by including data relating to mutations and copy number alterations at pan\u2011cancer level. The novel hypotheses that are stemming out of these data need to be further investigated and validated in large clinical studies."}, {"pmid": 32299972, "title": "Free 24-hour specialist support during Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299972", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479788, "pmcid": "PMC7259901", "title": "Poor clinical outcomes for patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Tang, Liang V", "Hu, Yu"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479788", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362589, "title": "Imaging findings of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: a case series.", "journal": "Hong Kong Med J", "authors": ["Woo, S C", "Yung, K S", "Wong, T", "Yu, E L M", "Li, S K", "Chan, H F", "Chan, C H", "Lee, Y C", "Chan, J M C", "Leung, W S"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362589", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476158, "title": "COVID-19 and fiscal space for health system in Pakistan: It is time for a policy decision.", "journal": "Int J Health Plann Manage", "authors": ["Shaikh, Babar T", "Ali, Nabeela"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476158", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most developing countries with weak economies and low GDPs strive to invest an optimal amount of budget to health sector. Compounding on this state of affairs is their inherent inefficiency to spend even that meager amount on the welfare of the patients, improving service delivery, motivating their workforce and making their health systems responsive to the needs of the people they serve. With weak fiscal base and inelasticity in budget spending, when these countries face a catastrophe like COVID-19, there is a whole situation of havoc and lack of finances emerges as the biggest issue in such crises. Pakistan has been no exception to this kind of situation. Government funds allocated to other public sector development schemes are diverted to deal with the health emergency. Hence, the result is an overall socioeconomic shock that a country has to face. Amid such crises, other international commitments also face a state of uncertainty. With the changing disease patterns all over the world, the public financial management system for health sector needs to be revisited to devise a more sustainable and resilient mechanism not only to absorb shocks like COVID-19 but also to meet the international health commitments."}, {"pmid": 32301630, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 From the Trenches: A Perspective From New York City.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Gozansky, Elliott K", "Moore, William H"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301630", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The response to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is evolving in New York City. We would like to share our experiences, thoughts, and perspectives on coping with the pandemic. CONCLUSION. This article presents experiences that are meant to help foster discussion as the wave of COVID-19 continues. Thoughtful leadership and careful continuous communication will help us minimize anxiety and frustration during this difficult time."}, {"pmid": 32302435, "title": "Thrombocytopenia and its association with mortality in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Yang, Xiaobo", "Yang, Qingyu", "Wang, Yaxin", "Wu, Yongran", "Xu, Jiqian", "Yu, Yuan", "Shang, You"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302435", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is spreading rapidly around the world. Thrombocytopenia in patients with COVID-19 has not been fully studied. To describe thrombocytopenia in patients with COVID-19. For each of 1476 consecutive patients with COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China, nadir platelet count during hospitalization was retrospectively collected and categorized into (0, 50], (50, 100], (100-150], or (150-) groups after taking the unit (\u00d7109 /L) away from the report of nadir platelet count. Nadir platelet counts and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. Among all patients, 238 (16.1%) patients were deceased and 306 (20.7%) had thrombocytopenia. Compared with survivors, non-survivors were older, were more likely to have thrombocytopenia, and had lower nadir platelet counts. The in-hospital mortality was 92.1%, 61.2%, 17.5%, and 4.7% for (0, 50], (50, 100], (100-150], and (150-) groups, respectively. With (150-) as the reference, nadir platelet counts of (100-150], (50, 100], and (0, 50] groups had a relative risk of 3.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.36-4.96), 9.99 (95% CI 7.16-13.94), and 13.68 (95% CI 9.89-18.92), respectively. Thrombocytopenia is common in patients with COVID-19, and it is associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality. The lower the platelet count, the higher the mortality becomes."}, {"pmid": 32283229, "pmcid": "PMC7146700", "title": "A dermatologic manifestation of COVID-19: Transient livedo reticularis.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Manalo, Iviensan F", "Smith, Molly K", "Cheeley, Justin", "Jacobs, Randy"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283229", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365046, "pmcid": "PMC7216790", "title": "Preparation for Quarantine on the Cruise Ship Diamond Princess in Japan due to COVID-19.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Yamahata, Yoshihiro", "Shibata, Ayako"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365046", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Japan implemented a large-scale quarantine on the Diamond Princess cruise ship in an attempt to control the spread of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in February 2020. We aim to describe the medical activities initiated and difficulties in implementing quarantine on a cruise ship. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 were performed for all 3711 people (2666 passengers and 1045 crew) on board. Of those tested, 696 (18.8%) tested positive for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), of which 410 (58.9%) were asymptomatic. We also confirmed that 54% of the asymptomatic patients with a positive RT-PCR result had lung opacities on chest computed tomography. There were many difficulties in implementing quarantine, such as creating a dividing traffic line between infectious and noninfectious passengers, finding hospitals and transportation providers willing to accept these patients, transporting individuals, language barriers, and supporting daily life. As of March 8, 2020, 31 patients (4.5% of patients with positive RT-PCR results) were hospitalized and required ventilator support or intensive care, and 7 patients (1.0% of patients with positive RT-PCR results) had died. There were several difficulties in implementing large-scale quarantine and obtaining medical support on the cruise ship. In the future, we need to prepare for patients' transfer and the admitting hospitals when disembarking the passengers. We recommend treating the crew the same way as the passengers to control the infection. We must also draw a plan for the future, to protect travelers and passengers from emerging infectious diseases on cruise ships."}, {"pmid": 32533439, "title": "The start of the Austrian response to the COVID-19 crisis: a personal account.", "journal": "Wien Klin Wochenschr", "authors": ["Muller, Markus"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533439", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356777, "pmcid": "PMC7207013", "title": "Impact of Home Quarantine on Physical Activity Among Older Adults Living at Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Interview Study.", "journal": "JMIR Aging", "authors": ["Goethals, Luc", "Barth, Nathalie", "Guyot, Jessica", "Hupin, David", "Celarier, Thomas", "Bongue, Bienvenu"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older adults and those with pre-existing medical conditions are at risk of death from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). In this period of quarantine, one of the reasons for going out is physical activity. This issue is important, as the impact of a sedentary lifestyle might be lower for children and young adults, but is far more severe for older adults. Although older adults need to stay at home because they have a higher risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), they need to avoid a sedentary lifestyle. Physical activity is important for older adults, especially to maintain their level of independence, mental health, and well-being. Maintaining mobility in old age is necessary, as it may predict loss of independence in older adults. Our first objective was to evaluate the impact of this quarantine period on physical activity programs and on the physical and mental health of older adults. Our second objective was to discuss alternatives to physical activity programs that could be suggested for this population to avoid a sedentary lifestyle. We conducted a qualitative survey using semistructured interviews with professionals (managers in charge of physical activity programs for older adults and sports trainers who run these physical activity programs) from the French Federation of Physical Education and Voluntary Gymnastics (FFPEVG) and older adults participating in a physical activity program of the FFPEVG. We followed a common interview guide. For analysis, we carried out a thematic analysis of the interviews. This study suggests that the COVID-19 epidemic has affected, before quarantine measures, the number of seniors attending group physical activity programs in the two study territories. In addition, despite the decline in their participation in group physical activities before the quarantine, older adults expressed the need to perform physical activity at home. There is a need to help older adults integrate simple and safe ways to stay physically active in a limited space. A national policy to support older adults for physical activity at home appears essential in this context. Given the results of our study, it seems necessary to globally communicate how important it is for older adults to maintain physical activity at home. We are concerned about the level of independence and mental health state of older adults after the end of quarantine if there is no appropriate campaign to promote physical activity among them at home."}, {"pmid": 32302993, "pmcid": "PMC7164323", "title": "Editorial. COVID-19 and its impact on neurosurgery: our early experience in Singapore.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Lee, Zhiquan Damian", "Chyi Yeu, David Low", "Ang, Beng Ti", "Ng, Wai Hoe", "Seow, Wan Tew"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302993", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292814, "pmcid": "PMC7102578", "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak from a one health perspective.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Hemida, Maged Gomaa", "Ba Abduallah, Mohammed M"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292814", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 is a new human coronavirus candidate recently detected in China that is now reported in people on inhabited continents. The virus shares a high level of identity with some bat coronaviruses and is recognised as a potentially zoonotic virus. We are utilizing the One Health concept to understand the emergence of the virus, as well as to point to some possible control strategies that might reduce the spread of the virus across the globe; thus, containment of such virus would be possible."}, {"pmid": 32506609, "title": "Virtual Conferences of dermatology during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Goldust, Mohamad", "Shivakumar, Swathi", "Kroumpouzos, George", "Murrell, Dedee F", "Rudnicka, Lidia", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Navarini, Alexander A"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506609", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293870, "title": "Correction: Immunodominant SARS Coronavirus Epitopes in Humans Elicited Both Enhancing and Neutralizing Effects on Infection in Non-human Primates.", "journal": "ACS Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Qidi", "Zhang, Lianfeng", "Kuwahara, Kazuhiko", "Li, Li", "Liu, Zijie", "Li, Taisheng", "Zhu, Hua", "Liu, Jiangning", "Xu, Yanfeng", "Xie, Jing", "Morioka, Hiroshi", "Sakaguchi, Nobuo", "Qin, Chuan", "Liu, Gang"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293870", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353547, "pmcid": "PMC7184999", "title": "COVID-19 and Nigeria: putting the realities in context.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ohia, Chinenyenwa", "Bakarey, Adeleye S", "Ahmad, Tauseef"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353547", "countries": ["China", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was previously known as 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The disease evolved into a serious global emergency, leading to its declaration as a pandemic. On the African continent, Nigeria is just experiencing the direct effects of this pandemic, having recorded her index case in February 2020, with an increasing number of cases every day and a current case fatality ratio of 0.03 as at 13 April 2020. Although the recorded cases may seem low, it has been forecast that Africa will have some of the worst effects of this disease by the end of the pandemic. Generally, African countries have fragile health systems and this remains a source of concern, especially in the event of increased outbreaks. Nigeria's current national health systems cannot effectively respond to the growing needs of already infected patients requiring admission into intensive care units for acute respiratory diseases and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS COV-2) pneumonia. This has grim implications for Nigeria, especially as increased cases loom that may require critical care. Provision of quarantine or isolation facilities and availability of rapid diagnostic kits for fast and reliable testing and diagnosis of the disease can also be a challenge in Africa. There is an urgent need to put into perspective these realities peculiar to Africa including Nigeria and explore available collective measures and interventions to address the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32278074, "pmcid": "PMC7141631", "title": "Emergency response to the outbreak of COVID-19: the Korean case.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Ha, Kyoo-Man"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278074", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This letter aims to describe how Korea can improve its emergency response to the outbreak of COVID-19. The key finding is that the nation has to shift from a self-interest-oriented response to a shared-interest-oriented response. Similarly, neighboring nations could form a national framework of networks among stakeholders."}, {"pmid": 32527610, "title": "Covid-19 in Italy: Lesson from the Veneto Region.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Mugnai, Giacomo", "Bilato, Claudio"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527610", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529238, "title": "Challenges to the prevention of COVID-19 spread in slums of Bangladesh.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Islam, Taslima", "Kibria, Md Golam"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529238", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534187, "title": "Potential of coronavirus 3C-like protease inhibitors for the development of new anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs: Insights from structures of protease and inhibitors.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["He, Jun", "Hu, Lijun", "Huang, Xiaojun", "Wang, Chenran", "Zhang, Zhimin", "Wang, Ying", "Zhang, Dongmei", "Ye, Wencai"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534187", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), similar to SARS-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which belong to the same \u03b2-coronavirus group, induces sever acute respiratory disease, threatening human health. Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection began, the disease has rapidly spread worldwide. Thus, a search for effective drugs, able to inhibit the coronavirus, has become a global pursuit. The 3C-like protease (3CLpro), which hydrolyzes the polyprotein to produce functional proteins, is essential for coronavirus replication and considered an important therapeutic target for diseases caused by coronaviruses, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Many 3CLpro inhibitors have been proposed, and some new drug candidates have achieved success in preclinical studies. In this review, we briefly describe the recent developments in the structure of 3CLpro and its function in coronavirus replication and summarize new insights into 3CLpro inhibitors and their mechanisms of action. We also discuss the clinical application prospects and limitations of 3CLpro inhibitors for COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32423662, "pmcid": "PMC7200335", "title": "Utilization of COVID-19 testing for opportunistic screening of oral cancer.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Halboub, Esam", "Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali", "Al-Soneidar, Walid A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423662", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421878, "title": "Efficacy of hydrogel patches in preventing facial skin damage caused by mask compression in fighting against coronavirus disease-2019: a short-term, self-controlled study.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Dong, Liyun", "Yang, Liu", "Li, Yan", "Yang, Jing", "An, Xiangjie", "Yang, Liu", "Zhou, Nuoya", "Zhang, Yamin", "Du, Hongyao", "Lan, Jiajia", "Song, Zexing", "Miao, Xiaoping", "Zhu, Jintao", "Tao, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303501, "title": "Covid-19 is shattering US cancer care.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Nelson, Bryn"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303501", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470824, "pmcid": "PMC7242189", "title": "Delirium in COVID-19: A case series and exploration of potential mechanisms for central nervous system involvement.", "journal": "Gen Hosp Psychiatry", "authors": ["Beach, Scott R", "Praschan, Nathan C", "Hogan, Charlotte", "Dotson, Samuel", "Merideth, Flannery", "Kontos, Nicholas", "Fricchione, Gregory L", "Smith, Felicia A"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470824", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neuropsychiatric manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been described, including anosmia, ageusia, headache, paresthesia, encephalitis and encephalopathy. Little is known about the mechanisms by which the virus causes central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, and therefore little guidance is available regarding potential workup or management options. We present a series of four consecutive cases, seen by our psychiatry consultation service over a one-week period, each of which manifested delirium as a result of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The four cases highlighted here all occurred in older patients with premorbid evidence of cognitive decline. Unique features seen in multiple cases included rigidity, alogia, abulia, and elevated inflammatory markers. In all four cases, a change in mental status was the presenting symptom, and three of the four cases lacked significant respiratory symptoms. In addition to discussing unique features of the cases, we discuss possible pathophysiologic explanations for COVID-19 delirium. Delirium should be recognized as a potential feature of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and may be the only presenting symptom. Based on the high rates of delirium demonstrated in prior studies, hospitals should consider adding mental status changes to the list of testing criteria. Further research is needed to determine if delirium in COVID-19 represents a primary encephalopathy heralding invasion of the CNS by the virus, or a secondary encephalopathy related to systemic inflammatory response or other factors."}, {"pmid": 32332296, "pmcid": "PMC7188050", "title": "Optimizing clinical staffing in times of a pandemic crisis such as COVID-19. Letter: Staffing with disease-based epidemiologic indices may reduce shortage of intensive care unit staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Habib, Ahmed", "Zinn, Pascal O"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332296", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495030, "pmcid": "PMC7269683", "title": "Providing nutritional care to cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Italian perspective.", "journal": "Support Care Cancer", "authors": ["Lobascio, Federica", "Caccialanza, Riccardo", "Monaco, Teresa", "Cereda, Emanuele", "Secondino, Simona", "Masi, Sara", "Crotti, Silvia", "Rizzo, Gianpiero", "Cappello, Silvia", "Borioli, Valeria", "Inglardi, Marco", "Grugnetti, Giuseppina", "Muzzi, Alba", "Triarico, Antonio", "Pedrazzoli, Paolo", "Brugnatelli, Silvia"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495030", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has drastically changed practices inside hospitals, which include oncology routines. In oncology, malnutrition was and certainly still is a frequent problem associated with an increase in treatment-related toxicity, a reduced response to cancer treatment, an impaired quality of life, and a worse overall prognosis. Even in this situation of healthcare crisis, nutritional support in cancer care is an essential element. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, there is a concrete high risk to see a dramatic worsening of cancer patients' nutritional status, who are left without adequate clinical and nutritional support. The consequences are already reasonably foreseeable and will have a severe negative impact after the emergency. Therefore, we believe that it is essential to try to continue, as far as possible, the activity of clinical nutrition in oncology, by revolutionizing the setting and the approach to patients. For this purpose, the Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit and the Medical Oncology Unit of our hospital, one of the largest community hospital in Lombardy that has been involved in the COVID-19 outbreak management since its inception, have reorganized the clinical routine activity in strict collaboration since the very beginning of the emergency, to better face up to the challenge, while preserving cancer patients' needs."}, {"pmid": 32331957, "pmcid": "PMC7165098", "title": "The day after COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Grossman, Shamai A"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331957", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427316, "title": "Responding to COVID-19: The experience from Italy and recommendations for management and prevention.", "journal": "Int J Qual Health Care", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427316", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414529, "pmcid": "PMC7187819", "title": "COVID-19. The new normal for midwives, women and families.", "journal": "Midwifery", "authors": ["Walton, Gill"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414529", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497511, "pmcid": "PMC7263820", "title": "Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection for prevention of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["MacIntyre, C Raina", "Wang, Quanyi"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497511", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328761, "pmcid": "PMC7178921", "title": "Adapting to a new normal? 5 key operational principles for a radiology service facing the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Chen, Robert Chun", "Tan, Thuan Tong", "Chan, Lai Peng"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328761", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022 Radiology services encountering the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic will need to modify their daily operational practices. \u2022 Leadership, patient risk stratification, adequate manpower, operational workflow clarity, and workplace/social responsibility will help Radiology services safely and sustainably deal with the current disease outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32398780, "pmcid": "PMC7216860", "title": "The role of the exposome in promoting resilience or susceptibility after SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol", "authors": ["Naughton, Sean X", "Raval, Urdhva", "Harary, Joyce M", "Pasinetti, Giulio M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398780", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412422, "pmcid": "PMC7254961", "title": "Complex Reporting of the COVID-19 Epidemic in the Czech Republic: Use of an Interactive Web-Based App in Practice.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Komenda, Martin", "Bulhart, Vojtech", "Karolyi, Matej", "Jarkovsky, Jiri", "Muzik, Jan", "Majek, Ondrej", "Snajdrova, Lenka", "Ruzickova, Petra", "Razova, Jarmila", "Prymula, Roman", "Mackova, Barbora", "Brezovsky, Pavel", "Marounek, Jan", "Cerny, Vladimir", "Dusek, Ladislav"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412422", "countries": ["Czechia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic dates back to December 31, 2019, when the first cases were reported in the People's Republic of China. In the Czech Republic, the first three cases of infection with the novel coronavirus were confirmed on March 1, 2020. The joint effort of state authorities and researchers gave rise to a unique team, which combines methodical knowledge of real-world processes with the know-how needed for effective processing, analysis, and online visualization of data. Due to an urgent need for a tool that presents important reports based on valid data sources, a team of government experts and researchers focused on the design and development of a web app intended to provide a regularly updated overview of COVID-19 epidemiology in the Czech Republic to the general population. The cross-industry standard process for data mining model was chosen for the complex solution of analytical processing and visualization of data that provides validated information on the COVID-19 epidemic across the Czech Republic. Great emphasis was put on the understanding and a correct implementation of all six steps (business understanding, data understanding, data preparation, modelling, evaluation, and deployment) needed in the process, including the infrastructure of a nationwide information system; the methodological setting of communication channels between all involved stakeholders; and data collection, processing, analysis, validation, and visualization. The web-based overview of the current spread of COVID-19 in the Czech Republic has been developed as an online platform providing a set of outputs in the form of tables, graphs, and maps intended for the general public. On March 12, 2020, the first version of the web portal, containing fourteen overviews divided into five topical sections, was released. The web portal's primary objective is to publish a well-arranged visualization and clear explanation of basic information consisting of the overall numbers of performed tests, confirmed cases of COVID-19, COVID-19-related deaths, the daily and cumulative overviews of people with a positive COVID-19 case, performed tests, location and country of infection of people with a positive COVID-19 case, hospitalizations of patients with COVID-19, and distribution of personal protective equipment. The online interactive overview of the current spread of COVID-19 in the Czech Republic was launched on March 11, 2020, and has immediately become the primary communication channel employed by the health care sector to present the current situation regarding the COVID-19 epidemic. This complex reporting of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Czech Republic also shows an effective way to interconnect knowledge held by various specialists, such as regional and national methodology experts (who report positive cases of the disease on a daily basis), with knowledge held by developers of central registries, analysts, developers of web apps, and leaders in the health care sector."}, {"pmid": 32240519, "pmcid": "PMC7115350", "title": "Uncertainty in using chest computed tomography in early coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Mungmunpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240519", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32053579, "pmcid": "PMC7017962", "title": "Persons Evaluated for 2019 Novel Coronavirus - United States, January 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Bajema, Kristina L", "Oster, Alexandra M", "McGovern, Olivia L", "Lindstrom, Stephen", "Stenger, Mark R", "Anderson, Tara C", "Isenhour, Cheryl", "Clarke, Kevin R", "Evans, Mary E", "Chu, Victoria T", "Biggs, Holly M", "Kirking, Hannah L", "Gerber, Susan I", "Hall, Aron J", "Fry, Alicia M", "Oliver, Sara E"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32053579", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a cluster of cases of pneumonia emerged in Wuhan City in central China's Hubei Province. Genetic sequencing of isolates obtained from patients with pneumonia identified a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) as the etiology (1). As of February 4, 2020, approximately 20,000 confirmed cases had been identified in China and an additional 159 confirmed cases in 23 other countries, including 11 in the United States (2,3). On January 17, CDC and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Customs and Border Protection began health screenings at U.S. airports to identify ill travelers returning from Wuhan City (4). CDC activated its Emergency Operations Center on January 21 and formalized a process for inquiries regarding persons suspected of having 2019-nCoV infection (2). As of January 31, 2020, CDC had responded to clinical inquiries from public health officials and health care providers to assist in evaluating approximately 650 persons thought to be at risk for 2019-nCoV infection. Guided by CDC criteria for the evaluation of persons under investigation (PUIs) (5), 210 symptomatic persons were tested for 2019-nCoV; among these persons, 148 (70%) had travel-related risk only, 42 (20%) had close contact with an ill laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV patient or PUI, and 18 (9%) had both travel- and contact-related risks. Eleven of these persons had laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Recognizing persons at risk for 2019-nCoV is critical to identifying cases and preventing further transmission. Health care providers should remain vigilant and adhere to recommended infection prevention and control practices when evaluating patients for possible 2019-nCoV infection (6). Providers should consult with their local and state health departments when assessing not only ill travelers from 2019-nCoV-affected countries but also ill persons who have been in close contact with patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection in the United States."}, {"pmid": 32491096, "pmcid": "PMC7190095", "title": "Health belief model for coronavirus infection risk determinants.", "journal": "Rev Saude Publica", "authors": ["Costa, Marcelo Fernandes"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491096", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE To use the advantages of a ratio scale with verbal anchors in order to measure the risk perception in the novel coronavirus infection, which causes covid-19, in a health belief model-based questionnaire, as well as its validity and reproducibility. METHOD We used the health belief model, which explores four dimensions: perceived susceptibility (five questions), perceived severity (five questions), perceived benefits (five questions), and perceived barriers (five questions). Additionally, we included a fifth dimension, called pro-health motivation (four questions). The questions composed an electronic questionnaire disseminated by social networks for an one-week period. Answers were quantitative values of subjective representations, obtained by a psychophysically constructed scale with verbal anchors ratio (CentiMax \u00ae ). Mean time for total filling was 12 minutes (standard deviation = 1.6). RESULTS We obtained 277 complete responses to the form. One was excluded because it belonged to a participant under 18 years old. Reproducibility measures were significant for 22 of the 24 questions in our questionnaire (Cronbach's \u03b1 = 0.883). Convergent validity was attested by Spearman-Brown's split half reliability coefficient (r = 0.882). Significant differences among groups were more intense in perceived susceptibility and severity dimensions, and less in perceived benefits and barriers. CONCLUSION Our health belief model-based questionnaire using quantitative measures enabled the confirmation of popular beliefs about covid-19 infection risks. The advantage in our approach lays in the possibility of quickly, directly and quantitatively identifying individual belief profiles for each dimension in the questionnaire, serving as a great ally for communication processes and public health education."}, {"pmid": 32487681, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 serology: Test, test, test, but interpret with caution!", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Bermingham, William H", "Wilding, Thomas", "Beck, Sarah", "Huissoon, Aarnoud"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487681", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 serological tests are a subject of intense interest and have the potential to significantly enhance the diagnostic capability of healthcare services in the current pandemic. However, as with all novel assays, significant validation is required to understand the clinical relevance of results.We present the first study to assess clinician interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 serology scenarios. We identify common key assumptions regarding patient infectivity and protection that are not currently supported by the SARS-CoV-2 evidence base. In this rapidly developing field, we therefore strongly recommend serological assay results are accompanied by clear interpretive support from laboratory and infectious diseases specialists."}, {"pmid": 32312364, "title": "[Clinical features of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 13 cases from Changsha, China].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tan, Xin", "Huang, Juan", "Zhao, Fen", "Zhou, Yan", "Li, Jie-Qiong", "Wang, Xiang-Yun"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312364", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study the clinical features of children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 13 children with SARS-CoV-2 infection who hospitalized in a Changsha hospital. All 13 children had the disease onset due to family aggregation. Of the 13 children, 2 had no symptoms, and the other 11 children had the clinical manifestations of fever, cough, pharyngeal discomfort, abdominal pain, diarrhea, convulsions, or vomiting. As for clinical typing, 7 had mild type, 5 had common type, and 1 had severe type. The median duration of fever was 2 days in 6 children. All 13 children had normal levels of peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, immunoglobulins, CD4, CD8, and interleukin-6. The median time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 was 13 days in the nasopharyngeal swabs of the 13 children. Three children presented false negatives for RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 RNA remained detectable in stools for 12 days after the nasopharyngeal swab test yielded a negative result. Abnormal CT findings were observed in 6 children. All 13 children were cured and discharged and they were normal at 2 weeks after discharge. Intra-family contact is the main transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, and there is also a possibility of fecal-oral transmission. Mild and common types are the major clinical types in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cytokine storm is not observed. Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection tend to have a good short-term prognosis, and follow-up is needed to observe their long-term prognosis. Multiple nucleic acid tests should be performed for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and their close contacts by multiple site sampling."}, {"pmid": 32293711, "pmcid": "PMC7262358", "title": "Possibly critical role of wearing masks in general population in controlling COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Han, Guangshu", "Zhou, Yi-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293711", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332041, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 76-year-old man with negative results for nasopharyngeal swabs and possible nosocomial transmission.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Kumar, Divjot S", "O'Neill, Siobhan B", "Johnston, James C", "Grant, Jennifer M", "Sweet, David D"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332041", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298250, "title": "Geographic Differences in COVID-19 Cases, Deaths, and Incidence - United States, February 12-April 7, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298250", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Community transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first detected in the United States in February 2020. By mid-March, all 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), New York City (NYC), and four U.S. territories had reported cases of COVID-19. This report describes the geographic distribution of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and related deaths reported by each U.S. state, each territory and freely associated state,* DC, and NYC during February 12-April 7, 2020, and estimates cumulative incidence for each jurisdiction. In addition, it projects the jurisdiction-level trajectory of this pandemic by estimating case doubling times on April 7 and changes in cumulative incidence during the most recent 7-day period (March 31-April 7). As of April 7, 2020, a total of 395,926 cases of COVID-19, including 12,757 related deaths, were reported in the United States. Cumulative COVID-19 incidence varied substantially by jurisdiction, ranging from 20.6 cases per 100,000 in Minnesota to 915.3 in NYC. On April 7, national case doubling time was approximately 6.5 days, although this ranged from 5.5 to 8.0 days in the 10 jurisdictions reporting the most cases. Absolute change in cumulative incidence during March 31-April 7 also varied widely, ranging from an increase of 8.3 cases per 100,000 in Minnesota to 418.0 in NYC. Geographic differences in numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths, cumulative incidence, and changes in incidence likely reflect a combination of jurisdiction-specific epidemiologic and population-level factors, including 1) the timing of COVID-19 introductions; 2) population density; 3) age distribution and prevalence of underlying medical conditions among COVID-19 patients (1-3); 4) the timing and extent of community mitigation measures; 5) diagnostic testing capacity; and 6) public health reporting practices. Monitoring jurisdiction-level numbers of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and changes in incidence is critical for understanding community risk and making decisions about community mitigation, including social distancing, and strategic health care resource allocation."}, {"pmid": 32342928, "title": "Upper respiratory tract sampling in COVID-19.", "journal": "Malays J Pathol", "authors": ["Mawaddah, A", "Gendeh, H S", "Lum, S G", "Marina, M B"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342928", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To review the present literature on upper respiratory tract sampling in COVID-19 and provide recommendations to improve healthcare practices and directions in future studies. Twelve relevant manuscripts were sourced from a total of 7288 search results obtained using PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. The search keywords used were COVID-19, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, swabs, SARS and CoV2. Original manuscripts were obtained and analysed by all authors. The review included manuscripts which have not undergone rigorous peer-review process in view of the magnitude of the topic discussed. The viral load of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the upper respiratory tract was significantly higher during the first week and peaked at 4-6 days after onset of symptoms, during which it can be potentially sampled. Nasopharyngeal swab has demonstrated higher viral load than oropharyngeal swab, where the difference in paired samples is best seen at 0-9 days after the onset of illness. Sensitivity of nasopharyngeal swab was higher than oropharyngeal swabs in COVID-19 patients. Patient self-collected throat washing has been shown to contain higher viral load than nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab, with significantly higher sensitivity when compared with paired nasopharyngeal swab. Routine nasopharyngeal swab of suspected COVID-19 infection should take anatomy of the nasal cavity into consideration to increase patient comfort and diagnostic yield. Routine oropharyngeal swab should be replaced by throat washing which has demonstrated better diagnostic accuracy, and it is safe towards others."}, {"pmid": 32282977, "pmcid": "PMC7262359", "title": "First case of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient treated with belatacept.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Marx, David", "Moulin, Bruno", "Fafi-Kremer, Samira", "Benotmane, Ilies", "Gautier, Gabriela", "Perrin, Peggy", "Caillard, Sophie"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282977", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395962, "title": "[Rational use of respiratory protective equipment: advice for health care professionals in time of COVID-19].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Voss, Andreas", "Martens, Liesbeth", "van Mansfeld, Rosa", "Hopman, Joost", "Veldkamp, Karin Ellen", "Wertheim, Heiman", "Kluytmans, Jan"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395962", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has led to a worldwide shortage of respiratory protective equipment. In order to offer maximum protection against infection for all healthcare workers, we need to optimise our use of the available equipment. This article provides practical advice on which type of mask is indicated in what specific situation, what requirements the mask should meet and how to optimise the local workflow, including the re-use of masks after decontamination."}, {"pmid": 32353399, "pmcid": "PMC7184977", "title": "Institution of a Novel Process for N95 Respirator Disinfection with Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide in the Setting of the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Large Academic Medical Center.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Grossman, Julie", "Pierce, Andrew", "Mody, Jessica", "Gagne, Jason", "Sykora, Carol", "Sayood, Sena", "Cook, Susan", "Shomer, Nirah", "Liang, Stephen Y", "Eckhouse, Shaina R"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353399", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Personal protective equipment (PPE) has been an invaluable yet limited resource when it comes to protecting healthcare workers against infection during the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In the US, N95 respirator supply chains are severely strained and conservation strategies are needed. A multidisciplinary team at the Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Jewish Hospital, and BJC Healthcare was formed to implement a program to disinfect N95 respirators. The process described extends the life of N95 respirators using vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) disinfection and allows healthcare workers to retain their own N95 respirator across a large metropolitan healthcare system."}, {"pmid": 32446796, "pmcid": "PMC7242188", "title": "Metformin, neutrophils and COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Dalan, Rinkoo"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446796", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246897, "pmcid": "PMC7207156", "title": "10 Questions and 4 experts on Corona: Answers by Akiko Iwasaki, Gerard Krause, Samuel Alizon, and Rino Rappuoli.", "journal": "EMBO Mol Med", "authors": ["Carret, Celine K"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246897", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A multi-person interview on the unrolling corona pandemic with Samuel Alizon, Akiko Iwasaki, Gerard Krause and Rino Rappuoli."}, {"pmid": 32385489, "pmcid": "PMC7239171", "title": "In Reply: Rongeurs, Neurosurgeons, and COVID-19: How Do We Protect Health Care Personnel During Neurosurgical Operations in the Midst of Aerosol-Generation From High-Speed Drills?", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Tomasi, S Ottavio", "Umana, Giuseppe Emmanuele", "Scalia, Gianluca", "Winkler, Peter A"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385489", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362491, "pmcid": "PMC7271084", "title": "Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses: (Trends in Immunology 41, 355-359; 2020).", "journal": "Trends Immunol", "authors": ["Jiang, Shibo", "Hillyer, Christopher", "Du, Lanying"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362491", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409192, "pmcid": "PMC7198992", "title": "Ethical and Logistical Considerations of Caring for Older Adults on Inpatient Psychiatry During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Fahed, Mario", "Barron, Gregory C", "Steffens, David C"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409192", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought challenges to delivery of care for older adults on inpatient psychiatry. We describe two cases: patient A, a 62-year-old woman who initially refused screening for potential COVID-19, bringing up questions about threshold for capacity when public health is at risk and questions about whether screening for infection should be different in older adults. The other case, patient B, is that of an 83-year-old man who was on the unit when patient A tested positive, and brought up concerns for risk of dissemination in the context of wandering, spitting behaviors, and inability to adhere to room isolation or masking measures. We review measures taken to decrease risk of transmission and improve screening for infection in older adults."}, {"pmid": 32405840, "pmcid": "PMC7220563", "title": "[Implementing patient-centered advance care planning in the outpatient setting during the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Feddersen, Berend", "Petri, Sabine", "Marckmann, Georg", "In der Schmitten, Jurgen"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405840", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360119, "pmcid": "PMC7187845", "title": "COVID-19 myopericarditis: It should be kept in mind in today's conditions.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Cizgici, Ahmet Yasar", "Zencirkiran Agus, Hicaz", "Yildiz, Mustafa"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360119", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 78-year-old patient with acute respiratory distress was transferred to our hospital with ST segment elevation on electrocardiography. Coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries. Thorax computerized tomography showed ground glass opacification with consolidation in the lungs and mild pericardial effusion demonstrating myopericarditis associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32327409, "title": "Covid-19: Indian government vows to protect healthcare workers from violence amid rising cases.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327409", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330546, "pmcid": "PMC7173810", "title": "Inpatient Use of Ambulatory Telemetry Monitors for COVID-19 Patients Treated with Hydroxychloroquine and/or Azithromycin.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Chang, David", "Saleh, Moussa", "Gabriels, James", "Ismail, Haisam", "Goldner, Bruce", "Willner, Jonathan", "Beldner, Stuart", "Mitra, Raman", "John, Roy", "Epstein, Laurence M"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330546", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32087820, "pmcid": "PMC7159277", "title": "Preparedness and vulnerability of African countries against importations of COVID-19: a modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Gilbert, Marius", "Pullano, Giulia", "Pinotti, Francesco", "Valdano, Eugenio", "Poletto, Chiara", "Boelle, Pierre-Yves", "D'Ortenzio, Eric", "Yazdanpanah, Yazdan", "Eholie, Serge Paul", "Altmann, Mathias", "Gutierrez, Bernardo", "Kraemer, Moritz U G", "Colizza, Vittoria"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087820", "countries": ["Angola", "Sudan", "South Africa", "Kenya", "Egypt", "Tanzania, United Republic of", "China", "Algeria", "Ethiopia", "Ghana", "Tunisia", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has spread from China to 25 countries. Local cycles of transmission have already occurred in 12 countries after case importation. In Africa, Egypt has so far confirmed one case. The management and control of COVID-19 importations heavily rely on a country's health capacity. Here we evaluate the preparedness and vulnerability of African countries against their risk of importation of COVID-19. We used data on the volume of air travel departing from airports in the infected provinces in China and directed to Africa to estimate the risk of importation per country. We determined the country's capacity to detect and respond to cases with two indicators: preparedness, using the WHO International Health Regulations Monitoring and Evaluation Framework; and vulnerability, using the Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index. Countries were clustered according to the Chinese regions contributing most to their risk. Countries with the highest importation risk (ie, Egypt, Algeria, and South Africa) have moderate to high capacity to respond to outbreaks. Countries at moderate risk (ie, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Sudan, Angola, Tanzania, Ghana, and Kenya) have variable capacity and high vulnerability. We identified three clusters of countries that share the same exposure to the risk originating from the provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, and the city of Beijing, respectively. Many countries in Africa are stepping up their preparedness to detect and cope with COVID-19 importations. Resources, intensified surveillance, and capacity building should be urgently prioritised in countries with moderate risk that might be ill-prepared to detect imported cases and to limit onward transmission. EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020, Agence Nationale de la Recherche."}, {"pmid": 32325023, "pmcid": "PMC7154517", "title": "Returning Chinese school-aged children and adolescents to physical activity in the wake of COVID-19: Actions and precautions.", "journal": "J Sport Health Sci", "authors": ["Chen, Peijie", "Mao, Lijuan", "Nassis, George P", "Harmer, Peter", "Ainsworth, Barbara E", "Li, Fuzhong"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325023", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229766, "pmcid": "PMC7188064", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Acute Myocardial Infarction: Management Protocol From a British Cardiac Centre.", "journal": "Crit Pathw Cardiol", "authors": ["Abdelaziz, Hesham K", "Patel, Billal", "Chalil, Shajil", "Choudhury, Tawfiq"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229766", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467422, "title": "Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a Tertiary Cardiovascular Center.", "journal": "Crit Pathw Cardiol", "authors": ["Firouzi, Ata", "Baay, Mohammadreza", "Mazayanimonfared, Azadeh", "Pouraliakbar, Hamidreza", "Sadeghipour, Parham", "Noohi, Feridoun", "Maleki, Majid", "Peighambari, Mohamad Mehdi", "Kiavar, Majid", "Abdi, Seifollah", "Maadani, Mohsen", "Shakerian, Farshad", "Zahedmehr, Ali", "Kiani, Reza", "Ansari, Mohammad Javad Alemzadeh", "Rashidinejad, Alireza", "Hosseini, Zahra"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the COVID-19 pandemic, the appropriate reperfusion strategy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is unclear. This retrospective single-center study consecutively enrolled patients who presented with STEMI and scheduled for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) during the outbreak of COVID- 19. Due to the delay in the reporting of the PCR test results, our postprocedural triage regarding COVID-19, followed by the isolation strategy, was based on lung CT scan results. Forty-eight patients with STEMI referred to our center. PPCI was done for 44 (91%) of these patients. The mean symptom-to-device time was 490.93 \u00b1 454.608 minutes, and the mean FMC-to-device time was and 154.12 \u00b1 36.27 minutes. Nine (18%) patients with STEMI were diagnosed as having typical/indeterminate features indicating COVID-19 involvement. During hospitalization, 1 (2.0%) patient died of cardiogenic shock. The study population was followed for 35.9 \u00b1 12.7 days. Two patients expired in another centers due to COVID-19. No CCL staff members were infected by COVID-19 during the study period. Our small report indicates that by taking the recommended safety measures and using appropriate PPE, we can continue PPCI as the main reperfusion strategy safely and effectively."}, {"pmid": 32307269, "pmcid": "PMC7151439", "title": "Radiology Residency Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Chong, Alice", "Kagetsu, Nolan J", "Yen, Andrew", "Cooke, Erin A"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307269", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article provides a guideline for radiology residency programs to prepare and respond to the impact of coronavirus disease 2019, by offering specific examples from three programs, and provides a list of resources for distance learning and maintaining well-being."}, {"pmid": 32313823, "pmcid": "PMC7167491", "title": "One month of the novel coronavirus 2019 outbreak: Is it still a threat?", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Chowdhury, Apu", "Jahan, Nabila", "Wang, Sicen"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313823", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is now in an outbreak not only in China but also around the world, suspected to be originated from a wet market in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. The flare-up of COVID-19, it has already been infected 78,811 people with 2462 fatalities in 1\u00a0month window. The most alarming issue is the virus can transmit from host to host and still asymptomatic. Currently, 24 counties with 505 confirmed cases have been reported. Presently, there is no specific treatment or vaccine but physicians are battling with the use of antibiotics, steroid, anti-viral and anti-HIV drugs and some of the infected cases are testified improved. WHO and China National health Commission are cooperatively striving to come up with elucidation but it will take a minimum of 3 to 4\u00a0months at least to undergo a phase-1 trial. However, the soaring rates of spreading each day has become much stable which might even improve within the next few weeks in China but not for some other countries. Healthy peoples are instructed to avoid public gathering, always wearing the mask and frequently wash hands. Currently, China has able to hold up more than 97.7% infection within China but a scientific breakthrough is crucial before it's too late."}, {"pmid": 32416153, "pmcid": "PMC7228728", "title": "Testing Dilemmas: Post negative, positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR - is it a reinfection?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Alvarez-Moreno, Carlos A", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416153", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342350, "pmcid": "PMC7184802", "title": "Video laryngoscopy in COVID-19 patients: a word of caution.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Singh, Neha", "Rao, Pamandi Bhaskar", "Mishra, Nitasha"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342350", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437251, "title": "Prone Position and Lung Ventilation/Perfusion Matching in Acute Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Zarantonello, Francesco", "Andreatta, Giulio", "Sella, Nicolo", "Navalesi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437251", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483288, "pmcid": "PMC7262489", "title": "Containment of a traceable COVID-19 outbreak among healthcare workers at a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation unit.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Buchtele, N", "Rabitsch, W", "Knaus, H A", "Wohlfarth, P"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363492, "pmcid": "PMC7196181", "title": "Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological health problems in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Zhou, Shuang-Jiang", "Zhang, Li-Gang", "Wang, Lei-Lei", "Guo, Zhao-Chang", "Wang, Jing-Qi", "Chen, Jin-Cheng", "Liu, Mei", "Chen, Xi", "Chen, Jing-Xu"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363492", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Psychological health problems, especially emotional disorders, are common among adolescents. The epidemiology of emotional disorders is greatly influenced by stressful events. This study sought to assess the prevalence rate and socio-demographic correlates of depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents affected by the outbreak of COVID-19. We conducted a cross-sectional study among Chinese students aged 12-18\u00a0years during the COVID-19 epidemic period. An online survey was used to conduct rapid assessment. A total of 8079 participants were involved in the study. An online survey was used to collect demographic data, assess students' awareness of COVID-19, and assess depressive and anxiety symptoms with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, respectively. The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and a combination of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 43.7%, 37.4%, and 31.3%, respectively, among Chinese high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender was the higher risk factor for depressive and anxiety symptoms. In terms of grades, senior high school was a risk factor for depressive and anxiety symptoms; the higher the grade, the greater the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Our findings show there is a high prevalence of psychological health problems among adolescents, which are negatively associated with the level of awareness of COVID-19. These findings suggest that the government needs to pay more attention to psychological health among adolescents while combating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32417802, "title": "The changing landscape of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for the maternal-infant dyad.", "journal": "J Neonatal Perinatal Med", "authors": ["Elgin, T G", "Fricke, E M", "Hernandez Reyes, M E", "Tsimis, M E", "Leslein, N S", "Thomas, B A", "Sato, T S", "McNamara, P J"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417802", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic represents the greatest challenge to date faced by the medical community in the 21st century. The rate of rapid dissemination, magnitude of viral contagiousness, person to person transmission at an asymptomatic phase of illness pose a unique and dangerous challenge for all patients, including neonatal and obstetric patients. Although scientific understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, nature of transmission, and efficacy of mitigation strategies grow, neither a cure or vaccine have been developed. While COVID-19 is primarily a disease of older patients, infection is now seen across all age demographics with reports of illness in pregnant patients and infants. Altered hormone status and predominance of Th-2 immune helper cells may result in increased predisposition to SARS-CoV-2. Case reports of pregnant patients demonstrate a clinical presentation comparable to non-pregnant adults, but evidence of vertical transmission to the fetus is controversial. Neonatal reports demonstrate an inconsistent and non-specific phenotype, and it is often difficult to separate COVID-19 from the underlying conditions of prematurity or bacterial infection. The development of international registries to enable risk profiling of COVID-19 positive pregnant mothers and/or their offspring may facilitate the development of enhanced mitigation strategies, medical treatments and effective vaccinations."}, {"pmid": 32470186, "title": "Correlation between the variables collected at admission and progression to severe cases during hospitalization among patients with COVID-19 in Chongqing.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Duan, Jun", "Wang, Xiaohui", "Chi, Jing", "Chen, Hong", "Bai, Linfu", "Hu, Qianfang", "Han, Xiaoli", "Hu, Wenhui", "Zhu, Linxiao", "Wang, Xue", "Li, You", "Zhou, Chenmei", "Mou, Huaming", "Yan, Xiaofeng", "Guo, Shuliang"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470186", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mortality is high among severe patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected disease (COVID-19). Early prediction of progression to severe cases is needed. We retrospectively collected patients with COVID-19 in two hospital of Chongqing from 1st January\u00a0to 29th February\u00a02020. At admission, we collected the demographics and laboratory tests to predict whether the patient would progress to severe cases in hospitalization. Severe case was confirmed when one of the following criteria occurred: (a) dyspnea, respiratory rate\u00a0\u226530 breaths/min, (b) blood oxygen saturation \u226493%, and (c) PaO2 /FiO2 \u2009\u2264\u2009300\u2009mm Hg. At admission, 348 mild cases were enrolled in this study. Of them, 20 (5.7%) patients progressed to severe cases after median 4.0 days (interquartile range: 2.3-6.0). Pulmonary inflammation index, platelet counts, sodium, C-reactive protein, prealbumin, and PaCO2 showed good distinguishing power to predict progression to severe cases (each area under the curve\u00a0of receiver operating characteristics [AUC]\u2009\u2265\u20090.8). Age, heart rate, chlorine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, procalcitonin, creatine kinase, pH, CD3 counts, and CD4 counts showed moderate distinguishing power (each AUC between 0.7-0.8). And potassium, creatinine, temperature, and D-dimer showed mild distinguishing power (each AUC between 0.6-0.7). In addition, higher C-reactive protein was associated with shorter time to progress to severe cases (r\u2009=\u2009-0.62). Several easily obtained variables at admission are associated with progression to severe cases during hospitalization. These variables provide a reference for the medical staffs when they manage the patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32438018, "pmcid": "PMC7211688", "title": "QT prolongation, torsades de pointes, and sudden death with short courses of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as used in COVID-19: A systematic review.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Jankelson, Lior", "Karam, Giorgio", "Becker, Matthijs L", "Chinitz, Larry A", "Tsai, Meng-Chiao"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438018", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are now being widely used for treatment of COVID-19. Both medications prolong the QT interval and accordingly may put patients at increased risk for torsades de pointes and sudden death. Published guidance documents vary in their recommendations for monitoring and managing these potential adverse effects. Accordingly, we set out to conduct a systematic review of the arrhythmogenic effect of short courses of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. We searched on MEDLINE and Embase, as well as in the gray literature up to April 17, 2020, for the risk of QT prolongation, torsades, ventricular arrhythmia, and sudden death with short-term chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine usage. This search resulted in 390 unique records, of which 14 were ultimately selected for qualitative synthesis and which included data on 1515 COVID-19 patients. Approximately 10% of COVID-19 patients treated with these drugs developed QT prolongation. We found evidence of ventricular arrhythmia in 2 COVID-19 patients from a group of 28 treated with high-dose chloroquine. Limitation of these results are unclear follow-up and possible publication/reporting bias, but there is compelling evidence that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine induce significant QT-interval prolongation and potentially increase the risk of arrhythmia. Daily electrocardiographic monitoring and other risk mitigation strategies should be considered in order to prevent possible harms from what is currently an unproven therapy."}, {"pmid": 32267978, "pmcid": "PMC7262353", "title": "Coronavirus and Risk Analysis.", "journal": "Risk Anal", "authors": ["Haas, Charles"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267978", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330323, "pmcid": "PMC7267596", "title": "Safety of dupilumab in severe atopic dermatitis and infection of Covid-19: two case reports.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Ferrucci, S", "Romagnuolo, M", "Angileri, L", "Berti, E", "Tavecchio, S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330323", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525388, "title": "Caring for patients with posttraumatic stress and substance use disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Banducci, Anne N", "Weiss, Nicole H"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525388", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although COVID-19 is a physical illness, it has had large impacts on mental health. For many individuals, social distancing has led to social isolation; individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders are at a particular risk for negative outcomes due to the global pandemic. Here, we discuss the impacts we have noticed and procedures we have implemented to care for this population during the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32360941, "pmcid": "PMC7192078", "title": "Effective Reproductive Number estimation for initial stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Latin American Countries.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Caicedo-Ochoa, Yaset", "Rebellon-Sanchez, David E", "Penaloza-Rallon, Marcela", "Cortes-Motta, Hector F", "Mendez-Fandino, Yardany R"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360941", "countries": ["Italy", "Colombia", "Peru", "Brazil", "Chile", "Spain", "Mexico", "Ecuador", "Panama"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become pandemic and turn in a challenge for Latin America. Understanding the dynamics of the epidemic is essential for decision making, and to reduce the health, economic, and social impacts of the pandemic. The present study aimed to estimate the effective reproductive number (Rt) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2) infection during the first 10 days of the outbreak in seven Latin American countries with the highest incidence of cases as of March 23, 2020. Furthermore, we chose to compare the seven countries with Spain and Italy given their history with the virus. Incidence data retrieved from the COVID-19 data repository by Johns Hopkins University were analyzed. The Rt was calculated for the first 10 days of the epidemic in Brazil, Ecuador, Chile, Colombia, Panama, Mexico, and Peru. Rt estimations were compared with Spain and Italy values for the same interval. The median Rt for the first 10 days of the COVID-19 epidemic were 2.90 (2.67-3.14) for Spain and 2.83 (2.7-2.96) for Italy. Latin American Rt estimations were higher in Ecuador (3.95(3.7-4.21)), Panama (3.95(3.7-4.21)), and Brazil (3.95(3.7-4.21)). The smallest one was observed in Peru (2.36(2.11-2.63)). All Latin American countries had Rt greater than 2. The initial stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in Latin America suggested a high Rt. Interventions such as domestic and international travel restrictions, educational institutions closure, social distancing, and intensified case surveillance should be adopted to prevent the collapse of the health systems."}, {"pmid": 32274787, "title": "[COVID-19 Crisis: Early Observations on a Pandemic's Psychiatric Problems].", "journal": "Dtsch Med Wochenschr", "authors": ["Fatke, Bastian", "Holzle, Patricia", "Frank, Andreas", "Forstl, Hans"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274787", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have recently observed several clusters of psychiatric symptoms in the context of COVID-19: (1) increased anxiety in psychiatric in- and outpatients with different diagnoses; (2) more cases of domestic violence often associated with increased drug- or alcohol-consumption in offenders and victims; (3) a nihilistic \"apocalyptic\" syndrome of elderly patients cut-off from their families; (4) visual and acoustic hallucinoses due to pneumonia and sepsis-related confusional states. Cases of chloroquine-related toxicity have been reported elsewhere, but have not been observed in our hospital so far. Mental issues related to COVID-19 reported from China and practical recommendations are briefly summarized. Many patients with serious mental disorders will suffer world-wide due to a reallocation of medical, social and financial ressources."}, {"pmid": 32353825, "pmcid": "PMC7177133", "title": "Occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in burns treatment during the COVID-19 epidemic: Specific diagnosis and treatment protocol.", "journal": "Biomed Pharmacother", "authors": ["Huang, Zhifeng", "Zhuang, Donglin", "Xiong, Bing", "Deng, David Xingfei", "Li, Hanhua", "Lai, Wen"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353825", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epidemic prevention and control measures for the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has achieved significant results. As of 8 April 2020, 22,073 infection cases of COVID-19 among healthcare workers from 52 countries had been reported to WHO. COVID-19 has strong infectivity, high transmission speeds, and causes serious infection among healthcare worker. Burns are an acute-care condition, and burn treatment needs to be initiated before COVID-19 infection status can be excluded. The key step to infection prevention is to identify risk points of infection exposure, strengthen the protection against those risk points, and formulate an appropriate diagnosis and treatment protocol. Following an in-depth study of the latest literature on COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment, we reviewed the protocols surrounding hospitalization of patients with extensive burns (area\u226550 %) in our hospital from February 2009 to February 2019 and, in accordance with the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19, developed an algorithm for protection during diagnosis and treatment of burns. Therefore, the aspects of medical protection and the diagnosis and treatment of burns appear to be particularly important during the prevention and control of the COVID-19. This algorithm was followed for 4 patients who received emergency treatment in February 2020 and were hospitalized. All healthcare worker were protected according to the three-tiered protective measures, and there was no nosocomial infection. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the early stages of emergency treatment for patients with extensive burns requiring the establishment of venous access for rehydration, endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy, wound treatment, and surgery are the risk points for exposure to infection. The implementation of effective, appropriate-grade protection and formulation of practical treatment protocols can increase protection of healthcare worke and reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection exposure."}, {"pmid": 32350596, "pmcid": "PMC7190281", "title": "The autopsy debate during the COVID-19 emergency: the Italian experience.", "journal": "Virchows Arch", "authors": ["Sapino, Anna", "Facchetti, Fabio", "Bonoldi, Emanuela", "Gianatti, Andrea", "Barbareschi, Mattia"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350596", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354535, "pmcid": "PMC7172838", "title": "The Rapid Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic by the Arthroplasty Divisions at Two Academic Referral Centers.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Pelt, Christopher E", "Campbell, Kevin L", "Gililland, Jeremy M", "Anderson, Lucas A", "Peters, Christopher L", "Barnes, C Lowry", "Edwards, Paul K", "Mears, Simon C", "Stambough, Jeffrey B"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created widespread changes across all of health care. As a result, the impacts on the delivery of orthopedic services have been challenged. To ensure and provide adequate health care resources in terms of hospital capacity and personnel and personal protective equipment, service lines such as adult reconstruction and lower limb arthroplasty have stopped or substantially limited elective surgeries and have been forced to re-engineer care processes for a high volume of patients. Herein, we summarize the similar approaches by two arthroplasty divisions in high-volume academic referral centers in (1) the cessation of elective surgeries, (2) workforce restructuring, (3) phased delivery of outpatient and inpatient care, and (4) educational restructuring."}, {"pmid": 32433160, "pmcid": "PMC7268853", "title": "FDG PET/CT Findings in an Asymptomatic Case of Confirmed COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Martineau, Patrick", "Kidane, Biniam"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433160", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current and rapidly worsening pandemic, patients with COVID-19 may undergo imaging with FDG PET/CT. Because a significant proportion of infected patients may be asymptomatic, incidental discovery on a PET/CT scan performed for unrelated reasons can occur. Because of the highly infectious nature of this agent, it is important that interpreting physicians be aware of the typical imaging findings to identify potentially affected patients. We present the case of an asymptomatic patient referred for FDG PET/CT imaging of a lung nodule who demonstrated the typical CT findings of COVID-19 infection and was subsequently found to be positive on testing."}, {"pmid": 32384598, "title": "Will Buying Follow Others Ease Their Threat of Death? An Analysis of Consumer Data during the Period of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Song, Wei", "Jin, Xiaotong", "Gao, Jian", "Zhao, Taiyang"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384598", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "How to overcome informational conformity consumer behavior when faced with threats of death is a social problem in response to COVID-19. This research is based on the terror management theory, the need to belong theory and the materialism theory. It uses a theoretical model to determine the relationships between threats of death and informational conformity consumer behavior. From 1453 samples collected during outbreak of COVID-19 in China, we used a structural equation model to test multiple research hypotheses. The result shows that threats of death are positively associated with a need to belong, materialism and informational conformity consumer behavior. The need to belong and materialism can play a mediating role between threats of death and information conformity consumption behavior, and perceived social support can play a moderating role between threats of death and information conformity consumption behavior."}, {"pmid": 32525800, "title": "Urology education in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Urol Assoc J", "authors": ["Ding, Maylynn", "Wang, Yuding", "Braga, Luis H", "Matsumoto, Edward D"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525800", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387167, "pmcid": "PMC7199724", "title": "The clinical observation of a patient with common variable immunodeficiency diagnosed as having coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Fill, Lauren", "Hadney, Lauren", "Graven, Kelsey", "Persaud, Roberta", "Hostoffer, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387167", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356161, "pmcid": "PMC7192662", "title": "Important lessons for infection control in radiology departments during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Devaraj, Anand"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287808, "pmcid": "PMC7130841", "title": "Why the WHO won't use the p-word.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287808", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are no criteria for a pandemic, but covid-19 looks like one, says Debora MacKenzie."}, {"pmid": 32500116, "pmcid": "PMC7236423", "title": "Leveraging investments in Ebola preparedness for COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa.", "journal": "AAS Open Res", "authors": ["Ayebare, Rodgers", "Waitt, Peter", "Okello, Stephen", "Kayiira, Mubaraka", "Atim Ajok, Maureen", "Nakatudde, Irene", "Bhadelia, Nahid", "Lamorde, Mohammed"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500116", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in China and transmission to more than 80 territories worldwide, including nine countries in\u00a0Africa, presents a delicate situation for low-resource settings. Countries in Eastern and Central Africa have been on high alert since mid-2018 in anticipation of regional spread of the Ebola virus from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Significant investment has been made to support enhanced surveillance at point of entry and hospitals, infection control practices, clinical case management, and clinical research. With a new threat on the horizon, African countries have an opportunity to leverage the existing capacities for Ebola preparedness to brace for the imminent threat."}, {"pmid": 32365710, "title": "Risk Perception and COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Cori, Liliana", "Bianchi, Fabrizio", "Cadum, Ennio", "Anthonj, Carmen"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365710", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The call for articles for the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Special Issue \"Research about risk perception in the Environmental Health domain\" was proposed at the beginning of 2020 as part of multidisciplinary efforts to understand the complex interactions between people and the environment [...]."}, {"pmid": 32302818, "pmcid": "PMC7152919", "title": "Impact Of Sars-Cov-2 And Its Reverberation In Global Higher Education And Mental Health.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Araujo, Francisco Jonathan de Oliveira", "de Lima, Ligia Samara Abrantes", "Cidade, Pedro Ivo Martins", "Nobre, Camila Bezerra", "Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302818", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to UNESCO's monitoring, more than 160 countries implemented nationwide closures, which impacted over 87% of the world's student population. Several other countries implemented localized school closures; should these closures become nationwide, millions of additional learners will experience education disruption. Universities from around the world have been uncertain about how long the coronavirus crisis will last and how it might affect the mental health of students and faculty. The psychological impact has been a critical disruptor, creating anxiety and uncertainty. The data were cross-checked with information from the main international newspapers. By discussing online and distance education, the coronavirus opens an important and urgent issue that affects mental health - these are virtually unexplored topics, and their results have not been validated yet. Online education is not limited to distance education, as it regards a grouping of learning/teaching procedures completed in cyberspace. Blended learning was, thus, introduced as a tool in personalized learning to adjust to new realities. These are unprecedented circumstances, and we understand they create stress, favoring anguish and a fierce search for new knowledge acquisition. Current research highlights that anxiety and depression, exacerbated by uncertainties and intensification of the information flow, will grow extensively. Negative physiological consequences of stress will manifest. For instance, loneliness, which will increase under these circumstances, seems to have a negative impact on education and, therefore, on psychological pain and suffering."}, {"pmid": 32523109, "title": "Molecular structure analyses suggest strategies to therapeutically target SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Zhang, Yi", "Kutateladze, Tatiana G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523109", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369479, "pmcid": "PMC7200003", "title": "Antibody-based therapies for COVID-19: Can Europe move faster?", "journal": "PLoS Med", "authors": ["Kazatchkine, Michel D", "Goldman, Michel", "Vincent, Jean-Louis"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369479", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Michel Goldman and colleagues call on the European medical and scientific community to coordinate efforts on immunotherapy-based approaches to coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32511867, "title": "Predictions of Systemic, Intracellular, and Lung Concentrations of Azithromycin with Different Dosing Regimens used in COVID-19 Clinical Trials.", "journal": "CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol", "authors": ["Hughes, Jim H", "Sweeney, Kevin", "Ahadieh, Sima", "Ouellet, Daniele"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511867", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Azithromycin, a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic, is being investigated in patients with COVID-19. A population pharmacokinetic model was implemented to predict lung, intracellular poly/mononuclear cell (PBM/PML), and alveolar macrophage (AM) concentrations using published data and compared against preclinical EC90 for SARS-CoV-2. The final model described the data reported in 8 publications adequately. Consistent with its known properties, concentrations were higher in AM and PBM/PML, followed by lung tissue, and lowest systemically. Simulated PBM/PML concentrations exceeded EC90 following the first dose and for approximately 14 days following 500 mg QD for 3 days or 500 mg QD for 1 day/250 mg QD on days 2-5, 10 days following a single 1000 mg dose, and for more than 20 days with 500 mg QD for 10 days. AM concentrations exceeded the IC90 for more than 20 days for all regimens. These data will better inform optimization of dosing regimens for azithromycin clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32391719, "pmcid": "PMC7218353", "title": "Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19: les liaisons dangereuses.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Barison, Andrea", "Aimo, Alberto", "Castiglione, Vincenzo", "Arzilli, Chiara", "Lupon, Josep", "Codina, Pau", "Santiago-Vacas, Evelyn", "Cediel, German", "Emdin, Michele", "Bayes-Genis, Antoni"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391719", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with cardiovascular risk factors or established cardiovascular disease have an increased risk of developing coronavirus disease 19 and have a worse outcome when infected, but translating this notion into effective action is challenging. At present it is unclear whether cardiovascular therapies may reduce the likelihood of infection, or improve the survival of infected patients. Given the crucial importance of this issue for clinical cardiologists and all specialists dealing with coronavirus disease 19, we tried to recapitulate the current evidence and provide some practical recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32336803, "pmcid": "PMC7174816", "title": "[Projecting the Spread of COVID-19 for Germany].", "journal": "Wirtschaftsdienst", "authors": ["Donsimoni, Jean Roch", "Glawion, Rene", "Plachter, Bodo", "Walde, Klaus"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336803", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The authors model the evolution of the number of confi rmed cases of COVID-19 in Germany. Their theoretical framework builds on a continuous time Markov chain with four physical states: healthy, sick, recovered or asymptomatic infected, and dead. Their quantitative solution matches the number of sick individuals based on the most recent fi gures with the share of sick individuals following from infection rates and sickness probabilities. They employ this framework to study the expected peak of the number of sick individuals in a scenario without public regulation of social contacts. They also study the impact of public regulations. For all scenarios, they report the expected end of the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32380007, "pmcid": "PMC7198177", "title": "Mental health and COVID-19: change the conversation.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["The Lancet Psychiatry"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380007", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271988, "pmcid": "PMC7262324", "title": "Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Cui, Songping", "Chen, Shuo", "Li, Xiunan", "Liu, Shi", "Wang, Feng"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271988", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Three\u00a0months ago, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) broke out in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly around the world. Severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) patients have abnormal blood coagulation function, but their venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevalence is still rarely mentioned. To determine the incidence of VTE in patients with severe NCP. In this study, 81 severe NCP patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Union Hospital (Wuhan, China) were enrolled. The results of conventional coagulation parameters and lower limb vein ultrasonography of these patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The incidence of VTE in these patients was 25% (20/81), of which 8 patients with VTE events died. The VTE group was different from the non-VTE group in age, lymphocyte counts, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D-dimer, etc. If 1.5\u00a0\u00b5g/mL was used as the D-dimer cut-off value to predicting VTE, the sensitivity was 85.0%, the specificity was 88.5%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 94.7%. The incidence of VTE in patients with severe NCP is 25% (20/81), which may be related to poor prognosis. The significant increase of D-dimer in severe NCP patients is a good index for identifying high-risk groups of VTE."}, {"pmid": 32367421, "pmcid": "PMC7197918", "title": "Incidentally discovered COVID-19 pneumonia: the role of diagnostic imaging.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Pozzessere, Chiara", "Rotzinger, David C", "Ghaye, Benoit", "Lamoth, Frederic", "Beigelman-Aubry, Catherine"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367421", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371624, "pmcid": "PMC7268823", "title": "The War on COVID-19 Pandemic: Role of Rehabilitation Professionals and Hospitals.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Lew, Henry L", "Oh-Park, Mooyeon", "Cifu, David X"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371624", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has created an unprecedented challenge to the society. Currently, the United States stands as the most affected country, and the entire healthcare system is affected, from emergency department, intensive care unit, post-acute care, outpatient, to home care. Considering the debility, neurological, pulmonary, neuromuscular and cognitive complications, rehabilitation professionals can play an important role in the recovery process for individuals with COVID-19. Clinicians across the nation's rehabilitation system have already begun working to initiate intensive care unit-based rehabilitation care and develop programs, settings and specialized care to meet the short- and long-term needs of these individuals. We describe the anticipated rehabilitation demands, and the strategies to meet the needs of this population. The complications from COVID-19 can be reduced by (1) delivering interdisciplinary rehabilitation that is initiated early and continued throughout the acute hospital stay, (2) providing patient/family education for self-care after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation at either acute or subacute settings, and (3) continuing rehabilitation care in the outpatient setting, and at home through ongoing therapy either in-person or via telehealth."}, {"pmid": 32221306, "pmcid": "PMC7100515", "title": "Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Ou, Xiuyuan", "Liu, Yan", "Lei, Xiaobo", "Li, Pei", "Mi, Dan", "Ren, Lili", "Guo, Li", "Guo, Ruixuan", "Chen, Ting", "Hu, Jiaxin", "Xiang, Zichun", "Mu, Zhixia", "Chen, Xing", "Chen, Jieyong", "Hu, Keping", "Jin, Qi", "Wang, Jianwei", "Qian, Zhaohui"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221306", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since 2002, beta coronaviruses (CoV) have caused three zoonotic outbreaks, SARS-CoV in 2002-2003, MERS-CoV in 2012, and the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019. However, little is currently known about the biology of SARS-CoV-2. Here, using SARS-CoV-2 S protein pseudovirus system, we confirm that human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, find that SARS-CoV-2 enters 293/hACE2 cells mainly through endocytosis, that PIKfyve, TPC2, and cathepsin L are critical for entry, and that SARS-CoV-2 S protein is less stable than SARS-CoV S. Polyclonal anti-SARS S1 antibodies T62 inhibit entry of SARS-CoV S but not SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. Further studies using recovered SARS and COVID-19 patients' sera show limited cross-neutralization, suggesting that recovery from one infection might not protect against the other. Our results present potential targets for development of drugs and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32221523, "pmcid": "PMC7184442", "title": "Quantitative Detection and Viral Load Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Infected Patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yu, Fengting", "Yan, Liting", "Wang, Nan", "Yang, Siyuan", "Wang, Linghang", "Tang, Yunxia", "Gao, Guiju", "Wang, Sa", "Ma, Chengjie", "Xie, Ruming", "Wang, Fang", "Tan, Chianru", "Zhu, Lingxiang", "Guo, Yong", "Zhang, Fujie"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221523", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency. The widely used reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) method has limitations for clinical diagnosis and treatment. A total of 323 samples from 76 COVID-19 confirmed patients were analyzed by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and RT-PCR based two target genes (ORF1ab and N). Nasal swabs, throat swabs, sputum, blood, and urine were collected. Clinical and imaging data were obtained for clinical staging. In 95 samples tested positive by both methods, the cycle threshold (Ct) of RT-PCR was highly correlated with the copy numbed of ddPCR (ORF1ab gene, R2 = 0.83; N gene, R2 = 0.87). 4 (4/161) negative and 41 (41/67) single-gene positive samples tested by RT-PCR were positive according to ddPCR with viral load ranging from 11.1 to 123.2 copies/test. Then the viral load of respiratory samples was compared and the average viral load in sputum (17429 \u00b1 6920 copies/test) was found to be significantly higher than in throat swabs (2552 \u00b1 1965 copies/test, p < 0.001) and nasal swabs (651 \u00b1 501 copies/test, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the viral load in the early and progressive stages were significantly higher than that in the recovery stage (46800 \u00b1 17272 vs 1252 \u00b1 1027, p < 0.001) analyzed by sputum samples. Quantitative monitoring of viral load in lower respiratory tract samples helps to evaluate disease progression, especially in cases of low viral load."}, {"pmid": 32366061, "pmcid": "PMC7204903", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinical Information for Ophthalmologists.", "journal": "Turk J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Bozkurt, Banu", "Egrilmez, Sait", "Sengor, Tomris", "Yildirim, Ozlem", "Irkec, Murat"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366061", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174055, "pmcid": "PMC7183828", "title": "What Is Needed to Make Interventional Radiology Ready for COVID-19? Lessons from SARS-CoV Epidemic.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Pua, Uei", "Wong, Daniel"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174055", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415879, "title": "Will Community Health Centers Survive COVID-19?", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Wright, Brad", "Fraher, Erin", "Holder, Marni Gwyther", "Akiyama, Jill", "Toomey, Brian"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415879", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376638, "title": "Covid-19: Lack of capacity led to halting of community testing in March, admits deputy chief medical officer.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376638", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32085839, "pmcid": "PMC7129426", "title": "Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Chen, Qiongni", "Liang, Mining", "Li, Yamin", "Guo, Jincai", "Fei, Dongxue", "Wang, Ling", "He, Li", "Sheng, Caihua", "Cai, Yiwen", "Li, Xiaojuan", "Wang, Jianjian", "Zhang, Zhanzhou"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32085839", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344320, "pmcid": "PMC7152870", "title": "The clinical course and its correlated immune status in COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["He, Ruyuan", "Lu, Zilong", "Zhang, Lin", "Fan, Tao", "Xiong, Rui", "Shen, Xiaokang", "Feng, Haojie", "Meng, Heng", "Lin, Weichen", "Jiang, Wenyang", "Geng, Qing"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344320", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the clinical course and its dynamic features of immune status in COVID-19 patients and find predictors correlated with severity and prognosis of COVID-19. The electronic medical records of 204 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by nucleic acid testing were retrospectively collected and analyzed. All patients were divided into severe (69) and non-severe group (135). Lymphocyte subsets count, including CD3+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, B cell (CD19+) and NK cell (CD16+ 56+), were significantly lower in severe group (P\uff1c0.001). The dynamic levels of T lymphocyte in severe group were significantly lower from disease onset, but in the improved subgroup the value of T lymphocyte began to increase after about 15-day treatment and finally returned to the normal level. The cut-off value of the counts of CD3+ (576), CD4+ (391) and CD8+ (214) T cell were calculated and indicated significantly high sensitivity and specificity for severity of COVID-19. Our results shown that the decrease of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte correlated with the course of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, especially in severe cases. The level of T lymphocyte could be used as an indicator for prediction of severity and prognosis of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The application of glucocorticoid should be cautious in severe cases."}, {"pmid": 32077789, "pmcid": "PMC7233369", "title": "Chest CT Findings in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Relationship to Duration of Infection.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Bernheim, Adam", "Mei, Xueyan", "Huang, Mingqian", "Yang, Yang", "Fayad, Zahi A", "Zhang, Ning", "Diao, Kaiyue", "Lin, Bin", "Zhu, Xiqi", "Li, Kunwei", "Li, Shaolin", "Shan, Hong", "Jacobi, Adam", "Chung, Michael"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077789", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this retrospective study, chest CTs of 121 symptomatic patients infected with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) from four centers in China from January 18, 2020 to February 2, 2020 were reviewed for common CT findings in relationship to the time between symptom onset and the initial CT scan (i.e. early, 0-2 days (36 patients), intermediate 3-5 days (33 patients), late 6-12 days (25 patients)). The hallmarks of COVID-19 infection on imaging were bilateral and peripheral ground-glass and consolidative pulmonary opacities. Notably, 20/36 (56%) of early patients had a normal CT. With a longer time after the onset of symptoms, CT findings were more frequent, including consolidation, bilateral and peripheral disease, greater total lung involvement, linear opacities, \"crazy-paving\" pattern and the \"reverse halo\" sign. Bilateral lung involvement was observed in 10/36 early patients (28%), 25/33 intermediate patients (76%), and 22/25 late patients (88%)."}, {"pmid": 32312797, "title": "COVID-19 and Calcineurin Inhibitors: Should They Get Left Out in the Storm?", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Willicombe, Michelle", "Thomas, David", "McAdoo, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312797", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438037, "pmcid": "PMC7211759", "title": "Efficacy and Safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Liu, Ming", "Gao, Ya", "Yuan, Yuan", "Yang, Kelu", "Shi, Shuzhen", "Zhang, Junhua", "Tian, Jinhui"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438037", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has now spread to all parts of the world and almost all countries are battling against it. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Hereinafter referred to as \"Integrated Medicine\") to COVID-19. We searched six major Chinese and English databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies (CCSs) of Integrated Medicine on COVID-19. Two reviewers independently screened, identified studies, and extracted data. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to assess the quality of included RCTs and CCSs, respectively. Stata (version 13.0; StataCorp) was used to perform meta-analyses with the random-effects model. Risk ratio (RR) was used for dichotomous data while the weighted mean difference (WMD) was adopted for continuous variables as effect size, both of which were demonstrated in effect size and 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 11 studies were included. Four were RCTs and seven were CCSs. The sample size of including studies ranged from 42 to 200 (total 982). The traditional Chinese medicine included Chinese medicine compound drugs (QingFei TouXie FuZhengFang) and Chinese patent medicine (e.g. Shufeng Jiedu Capsule, Lianhua Qingwen granules). Compared with the control group, the overall response rate [RR\u202f=\u202f1.230, 95%CI (1.113, 1.359), P\u202f=\u202f0.000], cure rate [RR\u202f=\u202f1.604, 95%CI (1.181, 2.177), P\u202f=\u202f0.002], severity illness rate [RR\u202f=\u202f0.350, 95%CI (0.154, 0.792), P\u202f=\u202f0.012], and hospital stay [WMD\u202f=\u202f-1.991, 95%CI (-3.278, -0.703), P\u202f=\u202f0.002] of the intervention group were better. In addition, Integrated Medicine can improve the disappearance rate of fever, cough, expectoration, fatigue, chest tightness and anorexia and reduce patients' fever, and fatigue time (P\u202f<\u202f0.05). This review found that Integrated Medicine had better effects and did not increase adverse drug reactions for COVID-19. More high-quality RCTs are needed in the future."}, {"pmid": 32389148, "pmcid": "PMC7225209", "title": "Psychological distress among health professional students during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Li, Yuchen", "Wang, Yue", "Jiang, Jingwen", "Valdimarsdottir, Unnur A", "Fall, Katja", "Fang, Fang", "Song, Huan", "Lu, Donghao", "Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389148", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the drastic surge of COVID-19 patients, many countries are considering or already graduating health professional students early to aid professional resources. We aimed to assess outbreak-related psychological distress and symptoms of acute stress reaction (ASR) in health professional students and to characterize individuals with potential need for interventions. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 1442 health professional students at Sichuan University, China. At baseline (October 2019), participants were assessed for childhood adversity, stressful life events, internet addiction, and family functioning. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined associations of the above exposures with subsequent psychological distress and ASR in response to the outbreak. Three hundred and eighty-four (26.63%) participants demonstrated clinically significant psychological distress, while 160 (11.10%) met the criterion for a probable ASR. Individuals who scored high on both childhood adversity and stressful life event experiences during the past year were at increased risks of both distress (ORs 2.00-2.66) and probable ASR (ORs 2.23-3.10), respectively. Moreover, internet addiction was associated with elevated risks of distress (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.60-2.64) and probable ASR (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.50-3.10). By contrast, good family functioning was associated with decreased risks of distress (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.33-0.55) and probable ASR (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.33-0.69). All associations were independent of baseline psychological distress. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 related psychological distress and high symptoms burden of ASR are common among health professional students. Extended family and professional support should be considered for vulnerable individuals during these unprecedented times."}, {"pmid": 32348824, "pmcid": "PMC7195091", "title": "Response to: \"Risks of hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 prophylaxis\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Grant-Kels, Jane M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348824", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527993, "title": "[Influence of physical activity during outbreak on psychological states in adults in the Covid-19 pandemic: a study protocol.]", "journal": "Rev Esp Salud Publica", "authors": ["Camacho-Cardenosa, Alba", "Camacho-Cardenosa, Marta", "Merellano-Navarro, Eugenio", "Trape, Atila A", "Brazo-Sayavera, Javier"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527993", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This coronavirus pandemic has placed unprecedented restrictions on people's physical activity and routines. Prolonged home stays may lead to fear, panic, anxiety, and depression states, which in turn, can drive to a reduction of active lifestyles. Hence, determining the psychological response in the general population, and the influence level of home-based physical activity development could be relevant during this exceptional Covid-19 disease quarantine period. A multicenter, cross-sectional, and observational study design will be conducted in 12 Iberoamerican countries expecting to enroll 3,096 participants, through a snowball sampling technique. The study started on March 15th, 2020, and it is expected to be completed in August 2020 through online survey that will include demographic data, health status, psychological impact of the Covid-19 outbreak, mental health status, and level of physical activity. This study will be conducted following the principles established by the protocol, the Declaration of Helsinki, and the Ethical Guidelines for Clinical Research. Data from the study will be disseminated in manuscripts for submission to peer-reviewed journals as well as in abstracts for submission to relevant conferences. Trial registration number: NCT04352517, pre-results."}, {"pmid": 32516835, "title": "Vox Sanguinis International Forum on Hospital Transfusion Services' Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Franchini, Massimo", "Marano, Giuseppe", "Velati, Claudio", "Pati, Ilaria", "Pupella, Simonetta", "Liumbruno, Giancarlo Maria"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516835", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interest the International Forum recently published on Vox Sanguinis on the actions carried out from hospital transfusion services during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. The survey, to which 12 centers from around the world (included Italy) have joined, was structured on 9 questions assessing the changes in blood bank activities during COVID-19 pandemia and including various technical aspects from pre-transfusion testing to blood products storage and blood components utilization. Interestingly, the 9th question regarded the production of convalescent plasma (CP) [1]. The Italian participants answered that a number of protocols on CP are ongoing or planned in Italy and indicated as a reference the position paper of the Italian Society for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology (SIMTI) and the Italian Society for Haemapheresis and Cell Manipulation (SIdEM)."}, {"pmid": 32227794, "title": "At the 'heart' of the COVID-19 outbreak: early cardiac implications and mitigating strategies.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Cherian, Robin", "Poh, Kian Keong"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227794", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302280, "pmcid": "PMC7234712", "title": "Brief Summary of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Prophylactic and Treatment Drugs in the Emergency Department.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Brown, Cortlyn", "Noble, Jeanne", "Coralic, Zlatan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302280", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 30th, 2020 there were 161,807 total cases and 2,953 total deaths of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, with the number of cases expected to rise. Other than supportive care, there are no SARS-CoV-2 specific treatments available for patients discharged from the emergency department (ED) or those admitted to the hospital. In addition, there are no vaccines available to protect our at-risk healthcare workers. The National Institutes of Health is conducting a Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate for a potential vaccine and the recipients have started to receive the investigational vaccine.2 We present a brief overview of the potential prophylactic and treatment agents under investigation, some which could be initiated in the ED if proven effective."}, {"pmid": 32305346, "pmcid": "PMC7161505", "title": "Plexiglas barrier box to improve ERCP safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Ljubicic, Neven", "Stojsavljevic-Shapeski, Sanja", "Virovic-Jukic, Lucija", "Nikolic, Marko"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305346", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386832, "pmcid": "PMC7183937", "title": "Prevention is better than the cure, but the cure cannot be worse than the disease: fibreoptic tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Sorbello, Massimiliano", "Di Giacinto, Ida", "Corso, Ruggero M", "Cataldo, Rita"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386832", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410747, "pmcid": "PMC7221399", "title": "The end of cordon sanitaire in Wuhan: the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Wan, Kelvin H", "Huang, Suber S", "Ko, Chung-Nga", "Lam, Dennis S C"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410747", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32454128, "pmcid": "PMC7245302", "title": "Design of a Novel Multi Epitope-Based Vaccine for Pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) by Vaccinomics and Probable Prevention Strategy against Avenging Zoonotics.", "journal": "Eur J Pharm Sci", "authors": ["Ahmad, Sajjad", "Navid, Afifa", "Farid, Rabia", "Abbas, Ghulam", "Ahmad, Faisal", "Zaman, Naila", "Parvaiz, Nousheen", "Azam, Syed Sikander"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454128", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence and rapid expansion of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) require the development of effective countermeasures especially a vaccine to provide active acquired immunity against the virus. This study presented a comprehensive vaccinomics approach applied to the complete protein data published so far in the National Center for Biotechnological Information (NCBI) coronavirus data hub. We identified non-structural protein 8 (Nsp8), 3C-like proteinase, and spike glycoprotein as potential targets for immune responses to COVID-19. Epitopes prediction illustrated both B-cell and T-cell epitopes associated with the mentioned proteins. The shared B and T-cell epitopes: DRDAAMQRK and QARSEDKRA of Nsp8, EDMLNPNYEDL and EFTPFDVVR of 3C-like proteinase, and VNNSYECDIPI of the spike glycoprotein are regions of high potential interest and have a high likelihood of being recognized by the human immune system. The vaccine construct of the epitopes shows stimulation of robust primary immune responses and high level of interferon gamma. Also, the construct has the best conformation with respect to the tested innate immune receptors involving vigorous molecular mechanics and solvation energy. Designing of vaccination strategies that target immune response focusing on these conserved epitopes could generate immunity that not only provide cross protection across Betacoronaviruses but additionally resistant to virus evolution."}, {"pmid": 32224117, "pmcid": "PMC7267588", "title": "Evolving reporting criteria of COVID-19 in Taiwan during the epidemic.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Huang, Yhu-Chering", "Lee, Ping-Ing", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224117", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387545, "pmcid": "PMC7204685", "title": "Radiotherapy and COVID-19: Practical recommendations from iran.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Aghili, Mahdi", "Ghalehtaki, Reza", "Mousavi Darzikolaee, Nima", "Jafari, Fatemeh", "Moshtaghian, Mahsa"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387545", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420923, "title": "Business Intelligence applied to Emergency Medical Services in the Lombardy region during SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Sechi, Giuseppe Maria", "Migliori, Maurizio", "Dassi, Gabriele", "Pagliosa, Andrea", "Bonora, Rodolfo", "Oradini-Alacreu, Aurea", "Odone, Anna", "Signorelli, Carlo", "Zoli, Alberto", "Response Team, Areu Covid-"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420923", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On the 21st of February, the first patient was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at Codogno hospital in the Lombardy region. From that date, the Regional Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Trust (AREU) of the Lombardy region decided to apply Business Intelligence (BI) to the management of EMS during the epidemic. The aim of the study is to assess in this context the impact of BI on EMS management outcomes. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, AREU is using BI daily to track the number of first aid requests received from 112. BI analyses the number of requests that have been classified as respiratory and/or infectious episodes during the telephone dispatch interview. Moreover, BI allows identifying the numerical trend of episodes in each municipality (increasing, stable, decreasing). AREU decides to reallocate in the territory the resources based on real-time data recorded and elaborated by BI. Indeed, based on that data, the numbers of vehicles and personnel have been implemented in the municipalities that registered more episodes and where the clusters are supposed to be. BI has been of paramount importance in taking timely decisions on the management of EMS during COVID-19 outbreak.\u00a0 Conclusions: Even if there is little evidence-based literature focused on BI impact within the health care, this study suggests that BI can be usefully applied to promptly identify clusters and patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and, consequently, make informed decisions that can improve the EMS management response to the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32387699, "pmcid": "PMC7202320", "title": "Three alternative ways to screen for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab", "authors": ["Vambergue, A", "Jacqueminet, S", "Lamotte, M-F", "Lamiche-Lorenzini, F", "Brunet, C", "Deruelle, P", "Vayssiere, C", "Cosson, E"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387699", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346373, "pmcid": "PMC7171048", "title": "Survey of Insomnia and Related Social Psychological Factors Among Medical Staff Involved in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak.", "journal": "Front Psychiatry", "authors": ["Zhang, Chenxi", "Yang, Lulu", "Liu, Shuai", "Ma, Simeng", "Wang, Ying", "Cai, Zhongxiang", "Du, Hui", "Li, Ruiting", "Kang, Lijun", "Su, Meilei", "Zhang, Jihui", "Liu, Zhongchun", "Zhang, Bin"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346373", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) not only caused particularly large public health problems, but also caused great psychological distress, especially for medical staff. We aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of insomnia and to confirm the related social psychological factors among medical staff in hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak. Medical staff members in China were recruited, including frontline medical workers. The questionnaire, administered through the WeChat program, obtained demographic data and asked self-design questions related to the COVID-19 outbreak, insomnia/depressive/anxiety symptoms, and stress-related symptoms. We used a logistic regression analysis to examine the associations between sociodemographic factors and insomnia symptoms. There were a total of 1,563 participants in our study. Five-hundred-and-sixty-four (36.1%) participants had insomnia symptoms according to the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) (total score \u2265 8). A multiple binary logistic regression model revealed that insomnia symptoms were associated with an education level of high school or below (OR = 2.69, p = 0.042, 95% CI = 1.0-7.0), being a doctor (OR = 0.44, p = 0.007, 95% CI = 0.2-0.8), currently working in an isolation unit (OR = 1.71, p = 0.038, 95% CI = 1.0-2.8), is worried about being infected (OR = 2.30, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 1.6-3.4), perceived lack of helpfulness in terms of psychological support from news or social media with regard to COVID-19 (OR = 2.10, p = 0.001, 95% CI = 1.3-3.3), and having very strong uncertainty regarding effective disease control (OR = 3.30, p = 0.013, 95% CI = 1.3-8.5). Our study found that more than one-third of the medical staff suffered insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak. The related factors included education level, an isolation environment, psychological worries about the COVID-19 outbreak, and being a doctor. Interventions for insomnia among medical staff are needed considering the various sociopsychological factors at play in this situation."}, {"pmid": 32389163, "title": "The Role of Dental Professionals in Pandemic Events and Disasters Response.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Li, Guangwen", "Chang, Bei", "Li, Hui", "Wang, Rui", "Li, Gang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389163", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the past 20 years, major public health emergencies and natural disasters such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003, the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, and the new coronavirus in 2019 (COVID-19), which caused massive casualties, infections and mass panic. These could also result in complex demands of medical resources and information disposal, and a shortage of human resources in emergency response. To address the potential shortage of human resources in emergency response, Chinese dental professionals have done some useful work in these incidents. From the work, deficiencies in emergency response training and in the expansion of rescue capabilities were identified and improvements were made."}, {"pmid": 32489030, "title": "[Thoughts and suggestions on arrangement, analysis and summary of medical data during COVID-19 epidemic].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yan, Yu-Meng", "Li, Bo", "Li, Ze-Yu", "Lian, Bo", "Su, Xiang-Fei", "Wang, Tian-Yuan", "Li, Ping", "Wang, Qiang", "Cheng, Jin-Lian", "Yang, Zhong-Qi"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489030", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The analysis and utilization of clinical scientific research data is an effective means to promote the progress of diagnosis and treatment, and a key step in the development of medical sciences. During the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), how to transform the limited diagnostic data into clinical research resources has attracted much attention. Based on the low efficiency of data collection and extraction, the inconsistency of data analysis, the irregularity of data report and the high timeliness of data update during the epidemic, this paper briefly analyzed the background and reasons of data application under the current situation, and then discusses the problems and feasible solutions of clinical data applications under the epidemic situation and, more importantly, for future medical clinical research methods. We put forward several methodological suggestions: \u2460 gradually improve the medical big data model and establish the national medical health data center; \u2461 improve the scientific research literacy of medical staff and popularize the basic skills and knowledge of GCP; \u2462 promote a scientific, networked and shared data collection and management mode; \u2463 use the mixed research method and collective analysis to improve the efficiency of clinical data analysis; \u2464 pay attention to narration of the medical feelings and emphasize the humanistic data of clinical medicine. It is expected to promote the standardized and reasonable use of clinical scientific research data, the rigorous integration of expert opinions, and ultimately the development of big data for national health care."}, {"pmid": 32454427, "pmcid": "PMC7237367", "title": "Children are protected against SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Dimeglio, Chloe", "Mansuy, Jean-Michel", "Charpentier, Sandrine", "Claudet, Isabelle", "Izopet, Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454427", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32218028, "title": "As We Went to Press: COVID-19 Continues to Spread.", "journal": "Am J Nurs", "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218028", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Updates on the coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32533868, "title": "Guidance for the Procurement of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma: Differences between High and Low-Middle Income Countries.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Bloch, Evan M", "Goel, Ruchika", "Wendel, Silvano", "Burnouf, Thierry", "Al-Riyami, Arwa Z", "Ang, Ai Leen", "DeAngelis, Vincenzo", "Dumont, Larry J", "Land, Kevin", "Lee, Cheuk-Kwong", "Oreh, Adaeze", "Patidar, Gopal", "Spitalnik, Steven L", "Vermeulen, Marion", "Hindawi, Salwa", "Van den Berg, Karin", "Tiberghien, Pierre", "Vrielink, Hans", "Young, Pampee", "Devine, Dana", "So-Osman, Cynthia"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533868", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) has been used, predominantly in high-income countries (HICs) to treat COVID-19; available data suggest the safety and efficacy of use. We sought to develop guidance for procurement and use of CCP, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) for which data are lacking. A multidisciplinary, geographically representative group of individuals with expertise spanning transfusion medicine, infectious diseases and hematology was tasked with the development of a guidance document for CCP, drawing on expert opinion, survey of group members and review of available evidence. Three subgroups (i.e. donor, product and patient) were established based on self-identified expertise and interest. Here, the donor and product-related challenges are summarized and contrasted between HICs and LMICs with a view to guide related practices. The challenges to advance CCP therapy are different between HICs and LMICs. Early challenges in HICs related to recruitment and qualification of sufficient donors to meet the growing demand. Antibody testing also posed a specific obstacle given lack of standardization, variable performance of the assays in use and uncertain interpretation of results. In LMICs, an extant transfusion deficit, suboptimal models of donor recruitment (e.g. reliance on replacement and paid donors), limited laboratory capacity for pre-donation qualification and operational considerations could impede wide adoption. There has been wide scale adoption of CCP in many HICs, which could increase if clinical trials show efficacy of use. By contrast, LMICs, having received little attention, require locally applicable strategies for adoption of CCP."}, {"pmid": 32408920, "title": "Don't forget our dual public health crises.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Moe, Jessica", "Buxton, Jane A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408920", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366190, "title": "Intersectionality as a lens to the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for sexual and reproductive health in development and humanitarian contexts.", "journal": "Sex Reprod Health Matters", "authors": ["Lokot, Michelle", "Avakyan, Yeva"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366190", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271461, "title": "COVID-19: emerging protective measures.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Balachandar, V", "Mahalaxmi, I", "Kaavya, J", "Vivekanandhan, G", "Ajithkumar, S", "Arul, N", "Singaravelu, G", "Senthil Kumar, N", "Mohana Dev, S"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271461", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose. COVID-19 is predominantly considered as an unavoidable pandemic, and scientists are very curious about how to provide the best protection to the public before a vaccine can be made available. There is an urge to manufacture a greater number of masks to prevent any aerosol with microbes. Hence, we aim to develop an efficient viral inactivation system by exploiting active compounds from naturally occurring medicinal plants and infusing them into nanofiber-based respiratory masks. Our strategy is to develop fibrous filtration with three-layered masks using the compounds from medicinal plants for viral deactivation. These masks will be beneficial not just to healthcare workers but common citizens as well. In the absence of vaccination, productive masks can be worn to prevent transmission of airborne pathogenic aerosols and control diseases."}, {"pmid": 32405160, "pmcid": "PMC7219361", "title": "Impact of low dose tocilizumab on mortality rate in patients with COVID-19 related pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Capra, Ruggero", "De Rossi, Nicola", "Mattioli, Flavia", "Romanelli, Giuseppe", "Scarpazza, Cristina", "Sormani, Maria Pia", "Cossi, Stefania"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405160", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumonia with respiratory failure represents the main cause of death in COVID-19, where hyper inflammation plays an important role in lung damage. This study aims to evaluate if tocilizumab, an anti-soluble IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, reduces patients' mortality. 85 consecutive patients admitted to the Montichiari Hospital (Italy) with COVID-19 related pneumonia and respiratory failure, not needing mechanical ventilation, were included if satisfying at least one among: respiratory rate \u2265 30 breaths/min, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation \u2264 93% or PaO2/FiO2<=300 mmHg. Patients admitted before March 13th (n=23) were prescribed the standard therapy (hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir and ritonavir) and were considered controls. On March 13th tocilizumab was available and patients admitted thereafter (n=62) received tocilizumab once within 4 days from admission, plus the standard care. Patients receiving tocilizumab showed significantly greater survival rate as compared to control patients (hazard ratio for death, 0.035; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.004 to 0.347; p\u00a0=\u00a00.004), adjusting for baseline clinical characteristics. Two out of 62 patients of the tocilizumab group and 11 out of 23 in the control group died. 92% and 42.1% of the discharged patients in the tocilizumab and control group respectively, recovered. The respiratory function resulted improved in 64.8% of the observations in tocilizumab patients who were still hospitalized, whereas 100% of controls worsened and needed mechanical ventilation. No infections were reported. Tocilizumab results to have a positive impact if used early during Covid-19 pneumonia with severe respiratory syndrome in terms of increased survival and favorable clinical course."}, {"pmid": 32208138, "pmcid": "PMC7118529", "title": "Novel Screening and Triage Strategy in Iran During Deadly Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic: Value of Humanitarian Teleconsultation Service.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Davarpanah, Amir H", "Mahdavi, Arash", "Sabri, Ali", "Langroudi, Taraneh Faghihi", "Kahkouee, Shahram", "Haseli, Sara", "Kazemi, Mohammad Ali", "Mehrian, Payam", "Mahdavi, Ali", "Falahati, Farahnaz", "Tuchayi, Abuzar Moradi", "Bakhshayeshkaram, Mehrdad", "Taheri, Morteza Sanei"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208138", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239256, "pmcid": "PMC7111296", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic calls for spatial distancing and social closeness: not for social distancing!", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Abel, Thomas", "McQueen, David"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239256", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525575, "title": "The possible impairment of respiratory-related neural loops may be associated with the silent pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Tan, Bai-Hong", "Zhang, Yan", "Gui, Yue", "Wu, Shuang", "Li, Yan-Chao"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525575", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As compared to many other viral pulmonary infections, there existed several peculiar manifestations in the COVID-19 patients, including the \"silence\" of pneumonia in both mild and severe cases and a long intensive care unit stay for those requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Similar silent pneumonia has been documented in the infection induced by H5N1 influenza virus HK483, and was found to result from the direct attack of the virus on the bronchopulmonary C-fibers at the early stage and the final infection in the brainstem at the late stage. The long stay of critical patients in the intensive care unit is possibly due to the depression of central respiratory drive, which resulted in the failure to wean from the mechanic ventilation. Carotid and aortic bodies and bronchopulmonary C-fibers are two key peripheral components responsible for the chemosensitive responses in the respiratory system, while triggering respiratory reflexes depends predominantly on the putative chemosensitive neurons located in the pontomedullary nuclei. In view of the findings for H5N1 influenza virus, the silence of pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV-2 may be due to the possible impairment of peripheral chemosensitive reflexes as well as the damage to the respiratory-related central neurons. (195 words) This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32302956, "pmcid": "PMC7151409", "title": "Consistency analysis of COVID-19 nucleic acid tests and the changes of lung CT.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Zhifeng, Jiang", "Feng, Aiqiao", "Li, Tao"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302956", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the latest outbreak of infectious disease, has caused huge medical challenges to China and the entire globe. No unified diagnostic standard has been formulated. The initial diagnosis remains based on the positive of nucleic acid tests. However, early nucleic acid tests were identified to be negative in some patients, whereas the patients exhibited characteristic CT changes of lung, and positive test results appeared after repeated nucleic acid tests, having caused the failure to diagnose these patients early. The study aimed to delve into the relationships between initial nucleic acid testing and early lung CT changes in patients with COVID-19. In accordance with the latest COVID-19 diagnostic criteria, 69 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 treated in the infected V ward of Xiaogan Central Hospital from 2020/1/25 to 2020/2/6 were retrospectively analyzed. The consistency between the first COVID-19 nucleic acid test positive and lung CT changes was studied. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of CT and initial nucleic acid were studied. The Kappa coefficient of initial nucleic acid positive changes and lung CT changes was -1.52. With a positive nucleic acid test as the gold standard, the sensitivity of lung CT was 12.00 %, 95 % CI: 4.6-24.3; with the changes of CT as the gold standard, the sensitivity of nucleic acid positive was 30.16 %, 95 % CI: 19.2-43.0. The consistency between the initial positive nucleic acid test and the CT changes in the lungs is poor; low sensitivity was achieved for initial nucleic acid detection and CT changes."}, {"pmid": 32506519, "title": "Geriatric Skin Care in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Golpanian, Rachel Shireen", "Yosipovitch, Gil"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506519", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217754, "title": "Covid-19: What is the UK's testing strategy?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217754", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458488, "title": "Potential negative effects of the free use of chloroquine to manage COVID-19 in Colombia.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Teheran, Anibal A", "Camero, Gabriel", "Hernandez, Carolina", "Perez-Garcia, Luis", "Guzman, Renato", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto", "Ramirez, Juan David"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458488", "countries": ["Colombia"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398877, "title": "The fight to end tuberculosis must not be forgotten in the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Manyazewal, Tsegahun", "Woldeamanuel, Yimtubezinash", "Blumberg, Henry M", "Fekadu, Abebaw", "Marconi, Vincent C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398877", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213231, "pmcid": "PMC7156567", "title": "Absence of contamination of personal protective equipment (PPE) by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Ong, Sean Wei Xiang", "Tan, Yian Kim", "Sutjipto, Stephanie", "Chia, Po Ying", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Gum, Marcus", "Lau, Sok Kiang", "Chan, Monica", "Vasoo, Shawn", "Mendis, Shehara", "Toh, Boon Kiat", "Leong, Janice", "Barkham, Timothy", "Ang, Brenda Sze Peng", "Tan, Boon Huan", "Leo, Yee-Sin", "Marimuthu, Kalisvar", "Wong, Michelle Su Yen", "Ng, Oon Tek"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213231", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330534, "pmcid": "PMC7172818", "title": "Considerations for Scaling Down Fetal Echocardiography During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Cardinal, Mikhail-Paul", "Poder, Thomas G", "Roy-Lacroix, Marie-Eve", "Cavalle-Garrido, Tiscar", "Vaujois, Laurence", "Dallaire, Frederic"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330534", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462695, "title": "Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens in COVID-19 patients in Guangzhou, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Zheng-Tu", "Chen, Zhao-Ming", "Chen, Ling-Dan", "Zhan, Yang-Qing", "Li, Shao-Qiang", "Cheng, Jing", "Zhu, Ai-Ru", "Chen, Li-Yan", "Zhong, Nan-Shan", "Li, Shi-Yue", "Lu, Wen-Ju", "Ye, Feng"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462695", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 has caused a global pandemic and remains as a major public health issue This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32386901, "pmcid": "PMC7190495", "title": "[How to approach management of surgical vitreoretinal disease during the SARS-CoV-2 Covid-19 pandemic?]", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Arndt, C", "Delyfer, M-N", "Kodjikian, L", "Leveziel, N", "Zech, C"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386901", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450311, "pmcid": "PMC7255173", "title": "Letter to the Editor \"Service and Training During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from a Neurosurgical Center in the Philippines\".", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Legaspi, Gerardo D", "Omar, Abdelsimar T 2nd", "Baticulon, Ronnie E", "Salonga, Alaric Emmanuel M", "Gaddi, Mairre James S", "Hong, Manilyn Ann C", "Seng, Kenny S", "Khu, Kathleen Joy O"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450311", "countries": ["Philippines"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265315, "pmcid": "PMC7141890", "title": "2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Built Environment Considerations To Reduce Transmission.", "journal": "mSystems", "authors": ["Dietz, Leslie", "Horve, Patrick F", "Coil, David A", "Fretz, Mark", "Eisen, Jonathan A", "Van Den Wymelenberg, Kevin"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265315", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that results in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), corporate entities, federal, state, county, and city governments, universities, school districts, places of worship, prisons, health care facilities, assisted living organizations, daycares, homeowners, and other building owners and occupants have an opportunity to reduce the potential for transmission through built environment (BE)-mediated pathways. Over the last decade, substantial research into the presence, abundance, diversity, function, and transmission of microbes in the BE has taken place and revealed common pathogen exchange pathways and mechanisms. In this paper, we synthesize this microbiology of the BE research and the known information about SARS-CoV-2 to provide actionable and achievable guidance to BE decision makers, building operators, and all indoor occupants attempting to minimize infectious disease transmission through environmentally mediated pathways. We believe this information is useful to corporate and public administrators and individuals responsible for building operations and environmental services in their decision-making process about the degree and duration of social-distancing measures during viral epidemics and pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32480357, "pmcid": "PMC7246009", "title": "Surviving in place: The coronavirus domestic violence syndemic.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Hall, Brian J", "Tucker, Joseph D"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480357", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347612, "pmcid": "PMC7261977", "title": "Changing paradigms of dermatology practice in developing nations in the shadow of COVID-19: Lessons learnt from the pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kumar, Sheetanshu", "Bishnoi, Anuradha", "Vinay, Keshavamurthy"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347612", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, routine dermatology practices stay mostly disrupted worldwide owing to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, dermatology services need to be resumed in future and dermatologists especially in developing countries face a mammoth task of devising plans to tackle the upcoming surge of patients while still maintaining the precautions to avoid risk of infection to health care workers and our patients. Teledermatology practice is a viable alternative and there is need of starting functioning teledermatology centers at primary health care centers and training health care workers in telemedicine. Several steps like increasing the working hours of outpatient clinics, posting dermatologists and health staffs in shifts, encouraging online registration and payment, providing time slots to patients should be taken to prevent overcrowding at outpatient departments in hospitals of developing countries like India where the usual patient turnover during summers maybe around 600 to 800 per day. Once diagnosed by the dermatologist, a subsequent meticulous use of teledermatology can limit the number of follow-up visits. To avoid student gatherings, the undergraduate and postgraduate teaching schedule should be replaced by online or virtual teaching in form of webinars and video conferencing. Above all, intense upgradation of health care infrastructure, recruitment, training of new health care staffs on mass level and huge investment in health care sector is required in all the developing countries."}, {"pmid": 32347962, "title": "Will changes in alcohol and tobacco use be seen during the COVID-19 lockdown?", "journal": "Adicciones", "authors": ["Garcia-Alvarez, Leticia", "Fuente-Tomas, Lorena De la", "Saiz, Pilar Alejandra", "Garcia-Portilla, M feminine Paz", "Bobes, Julio"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347962", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Editorial of vol. 32-2."}, {"pmid": 32475693, "pmcid": "PMC7205690", "title": "[Mental health care in French correctional facilities during the Covid-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Fovet, T", "Lancelevee, C", "Eck, M", "Scouflaire, T", "Becache, E", "Dandelot, D", "Giravalli, P", "Guillard, A", "Horrach, P", "Lacambre, M", "Lefebvre, T", "Moncany, A-H", "Touitou, D", "David, M", "Thomas, P"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475693", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the 11\u00a0million people currently incarcerated worldwide is the subject of many concerns. Prisons and jails are filled with people suffering from many preexisting medical conditions increasing the risk of complications. Detainees' access to medical services is already limited and overcrowding poses a threat of massive contagion. Beyond the health impact of the crisis, the tightening of prison conditions worries. On March 16, 2020, in France, the lockdown measures have been accompanied by specific provisions for prisons: all facilities have suspended visitations, group activities and external interventions. Over 10,000\u00a0prisoners have been released to reduce the prison population and the risk of virus propagation. These adjustments had major consequences on the healthcare system in French prisons. The objectives of this article are to describe the reorganization of the three levels of psychiatric care for inmates in France in the context of Covid-19 pandemic and to have a look at the impact of lockdown measures and early releases on mental health of prisoners. This work is based on a survey conducted in April 2020 in France among psychiatric healthcare providers working in 42 ambulatory units for inmates and in the 9 full-time inpatient psychiatric wards exclusively for inmates called \"UHSAs\" (which stands for \"unit\u00e9s hospitali\u00e8res sp\u00e9cialement am\u00e9nag\u00e9es\", and can be translated as \"specially equipped hospital units\"). A review of the international literature on mental healthcare system for inmates during the Covid-19 epidemic has also been performed. The Covid-19 epidemic has been rather contained during the period of confinement in French prisons but the impact of confinement measures on the prison population is significant. The three levels of psychiatric care for inmates have implemented specific measures to ensure continuity of care, to support detainees during Coronavirus lockdown and to prevent an infection's spread. Among the most important are: limitation of medical consultations to serious and urgent cases, creation of \"Covid units\", cancellation of voluntary psychiatric hospitalizations, reinforcement of preventive hygiene measures and reshuffling of medical staff. Prolonged confinement has consequences on mental health of detainees. Currently, mental health workers are facing multiple clinical situations such as forced drug and substance withdrawal (linked to difficulties in supplying psychoactive substances), symptoms of anxiety (due to concerns for their own and their relatives' well-being) and decompensation among patients with severe psychiatric conditions. Early releases from prison may also raise some issues. People recently released from prison are identified as at high risk of death by suicide and drug overdose. The lack of time to provide the necessary link between health services within prisons and health structures outside could have serious consequences, emphasizing the well-known \"revolving prison doors\" effect. The current lockdown measures applied in French jails and prisons point out the disparities between psychiatric care for inmates and psychiatric care for general population. Giving the high vulnerability of prison population, public health authorities should pay more attention to health care in prisons."}, {"pmid": 32397803, "title": "Les liaisons dangereuses and the danger of deductions: The interplay between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Sciatti, Edoardo", "Ceconi, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397803", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304114, "pmcid": "PMC7264605", "title": "Preterm delivery in pregnant woman with critical COVID-19 pneumonia and vertical transmission.", "journal": "Prenat Diagn", "authors": ["Zamaniyan, Marzieh", "Ebadi, Aghdas", "Aghajanpoor Mir, Samaneh", "Rahmani, Zahra", "Haghshenas, Mohammadreza", "Azizi, Setareh"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304114", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333929, "pmcid": "PMC7194738", "title": "Practical Considerations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Wong, Alyson W", "Fidler, Lee", "Marcoux, Veronica", "Johannson, Kerri A", "Assayag, Deborah", "Fisher, Jolene H", "Hambly, Nathan", "Kolb, Martin", "Morisset, Julie", "Shapera, Shane", "Ryerson, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333929", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has affected virtually all aspects of patient care. Health-care systems around the world are trying simultaneously to treat patients with COVID-19, prepare for its long-term impacts, and treat patients with other acute and chronic diseases. There are multiple ways that the COVID-19 pandemic will directly affect patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD), particularly given their common risk factors for poor outcomes. Major issues for patients with ILD will include restricted access to key components of the diagnostic process, new uncertainties in the use of common ILD pharmacotherapies, limited ability to monitor both disease severity and the presence of medication adverse effects, and significantly curtailed research activities. The purpose of this review is to summarize how COVID-19 has impacted key components of the diagnosis and management of fibrotic ILD as well as to provide strategies to mitigate these challenges. We further review major obstacles for researchers and identify priority areas for future ILD research related to COVID-19. Our goals are to provide practical considerations to support the care of patients with ILD during the COVID-19 pandemic and to provide a road map for clinicians caring for these patients during future infectious disease outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32438333, "pmcid": "PMC7215159", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: A need for prudence in elderly patients from a pooled analysis.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Desai, Rupak", "Singh, Sandeep", "Parekh, Tarang", "Sachdeva, Sonali", "Sachdeva, Rajesh", "Kumar, Gautam"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438333", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of this study was to evaluate the pooled estimate of diabetes prevalence in young (<50 years) versus elderly (>50 years) COVID-19 cohorts. Studies published between December-2019 and March-2020 reporting demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 cases were identified. A total of 11 studies included accounting for 2084 COVID-19 patients. The overall prevalence of diabetes in COVID-19 patients with a mean age>50 years was 13.2%, whereas studies with relatively younger patients (mean age <50 years) had a pooled prevalence of 9.0% CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of diabetes in COVID-19 patients was found to be 13.2% with studies including relatively elderly patients showing higher rates of diabetes. The intermingled effects of diabetes with other cardiovascular comorbidities warrant age-specific outcomes data including the impact of ongoing antidiabetic treatment."}, {"pmid": 32259403, "pmcid": "PMC7262205", "title": "Novel coronavirus infection in children outside of Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Shen, Qinxue", "Guo, Wei", "Guo, Ting", "Li, Jinhua", "He, Wenlong", "Ni, Shanshan", "Ouyang, Xiaoli", "Liu, Jiyang", "Xie, Yuanlin", "Tan, Xin", "Zhou, Zhiguo", "Peng, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259403", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 8, 2019, an epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly, but information about children with COVID-19 is limited. This retrospective and the single-center study were done at the Public Health Clinic Center of Changsha, Hunan, China. We identified all hospitalized children diagnosed with COVID-19 between January 8, 2019 and February 19, 2020, in Changsha. Epidemiological and clinical data of these children were collected and analyzed. Outcomes were followed until February 26th, 2020. By February 19, 2020, nine pediatric patients were identified as having 2019-nCoV infection in Changsha. Six children had a family exposure and could provide the exact dates of close contact with someone who was confirmed to have 2019-nCoV infection, among whom the median incubation period was 7.5 days. The initial symptoms of the nine children were mild, including fever (3/9), diarrhea (2/9), cough (1/9), and sore throat (1/9), two had no symptoms. Two of the enrolled patients showed small ground-glass opacity of chest computed tomography scan. As of February 26, six patients had a negative RT-PCR for 2019-nCoV and were discharged. The median time from exposure to a negative RT-PCR was 14 days. The clinical symptoms of the new coronavirus infection in children were not typical and showed a less aggressive clinical course than teenage and adult patients. Children who have a familial clustering or have a family member with a definite diagnosis should be reported to ensure a timely diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32405091, "pmcid": "PMC7217783", "title": "Severe COVID-19 in Children and Young Adults in the Washington, DC Metropolitan Region.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["DeBiasi, Roberta L", "Song, Xiaoyan", "Delaney, Meghan", "Bell, Michael", "Smith, Karen", "Pershad, Jay", "Ansusinha, Emily", "Hahn, Andrea", "Hamdy, Rana", "Harik, Nada", "Hanisch, Benjamin", "Jantausch, Barbara", "Koay, Adeline", "Steinhorn, Robin", "Newman, Kurt", "Wessel, David"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405091", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432960, "title": "A COVID-19 Rapid-Response Research Agenda.", "journal": "JDR Clin Trans Res", "authors": ["Herzberg, M C"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432960", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487434, "pmcid": "PMC7253968", "title": "Considerations for the management of home parenteral nutrition during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A position paper from the Home Artificial Nutrition and Chronic Intestinal Failure Special Interest Group of ESPEN.", "journal": "Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Lal, Simon", "Van Gossum, Andre", "Joly, Francisca", "Bozzetti, Federico", "Cuerda, Cristina", "Lamprecht, Georg", "Mundi, Manpreet S", "Staun, Michael", "Szczepanek, Kinga", "Wanten, Geert", "Wheatley, Carolyn", "Pironi, Loris"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487434", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The management of patients with chronic intestinal failure requiring home parenteral nutrition has been and will continue to be impaired during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Multidisciplinary intestinal failure teams may have to adapt their clinical approaches to home care, outpatient care as well as hospital admission and discharge in order to keep this vulnerable group of patients as safe and well as possible during the unprecedented challenges that countries are facing during the pandemic. Equally, it is important that expert advice from intestinal failure teams is available when home parenteral nutrition (HPN)-dependent patients require admission with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The Home Artificial Nutrition & Chronic Intestinal Failure Special Interest Group of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) has developed a position paper to outline areas for intestinal failure teams to consider when managing patients with chronic intestinal failure during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32455534, "title": "Potential Inhibitors for Novel Coronavirus Protease Identified by Virtual Screening of 606 Million Compounds.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Fischer, Andre", "Sellner, Manuel", "Neranjan, Santhosh", "Smiesko, Martin", "Lill, Markus A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455534", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China followed by its spread around the world poses a serious global concern for public health. To this date, no specific drugs or vaccines are available to treat SARS-CoV-2 despite its close relation to the SARS-CoV virus that caused a similar epidemic in 2003. Thus, there remains an urgent need for the identification and development of specific antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. To conquer viral infections, the inhibition of proteases essential for proteolytic processing of viral polyproteins is a conventional therapeutic strategy. In order to find novel inhibitors, we computationally screened a compound library of over 606 million compounds for binding at the recently solved crystal structure of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. A screening of such a vast chemical space for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors has not been reported before. After shape screening, two docking protocols were applied followed by the determination of molecular descriptors relevant for pharmacokinetics to narrow down the number of initial hits. Next, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to validate the stability of docked binding modes and comprehensively quantify ligand binding energies. After evaluation of potential off-target binding, we report a list of 12 purchasable compounds, with binding affinity to the target protease that is predicted to be more favorable than that of the cocrystallized peptidomimetic compound. In order to quickly advise ongoing therapeutic intervention for patients, we evaluated approved antiviral drugs and other protease inhibitors to provide a list of nine compounds for drug repurposing. Furthermore, we identified the natural compounds (-)-taxifolin and rhamnetin as potential inhibitors of Mpro. Rhamnetin is already commercially available in pharmacies."}, {"pmid": 32433015, "title": "Delayed Laboratory Response to COVID-19 Caused by Molecular Diagnostic Contamination.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mogling, Ramona", "Meijer, Adam", "Berginc, Natasa", "Bruisten, Sylvia", "Charrel, Remi", "Coutard, Bruno", "Eckerle, Isabella", "Enouf, Vincent", "Hungnes, Olav", "Korukluoglu, Gulay", "Kossyvakis, Thanos", "Mentis, Andreas", "Molenkamp, Richard", "Muradrasoli, Shaman", "Papa, Anna", "Pigny, Fiona", "Thirion, Laurence", "van der Werf, Sylvie", "Reusken, Chantal"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433015", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) created an exceptional situation in which numerous laboratories in Europe simultaneously implemented SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. These laboratories reported in February 2020 that commercial primer and probe batches for SARS-CoV-2 detection were contaminated with synthetic control material, causing delays of regional testing roll-out in various countries."}, {"pmid": 32306790, "title": "Preparing hospitals for coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Hosp Pract (1995)", "authors": ["Jasper, Edward"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306790", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461194, "title": "Hand sanitisers amid CoViD-19: A critical review of alcohol-based products on the market and formulation approaches to respond to increasing demand.", "journal": "Int J Pharm", "authors": ["Berardi, Alberto", "Perinelli, Diego R", "Merchant, Hamid A", "Bisharat, Lorina", "Basheti, Iman A", "Bonacucina, Giulia", "Cespi, Marco", "Palmieri, Giovanni F"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is facing a medical crisis amid the CoViD-19 pandemic and the role of adequate hygiene and hand sanitisers is inevitable in controlling the spread of infection in public places and healthcare institutions. There has been a great surge in demand for hand sanitisation products leading to shortages in their supply. A consequent increase of substandard products in the market has raised safety concerns. This article, therefore, presents a critical review of hand sanitation approaches and products available on the market in light of the scientific evidence available to date. This review also provides a range of hand sanitisation product formulations, and manufacturing instructions to allow for extemporaneous preparations at the community and hospital pharmacies during this urgent crisis. In addition, this emergent situation is expected to continue, hence hand sanitisers will be in demand for an extended time, and the availability and purchase of substandard products on the market create an ongoing safety concern. Therefore, this article shall also provide various commercial organisations, interested in stepping forward the production and marketing of hand sanitisers, with a guide on the development of products of standardised ingredients and formulations."}, {"pmid": 32532661, "title": "Management and outcomes of post-acute COVID-19 patients in Northern Italy.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Vitacca, Michele", "Migliori, Giovanni Battista", "Spanevello, Antonio", "Melazzini, Mario Giovanni", "Ambrosino, Nicolino"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532661", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458364, "pmcid": "PMC7250538", "title": "A Structured Approach for Safely Reintroducing Bariatric Surgery in a COVID-19 Environment.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Daigle, Christopher R", "Augustin, Toms", "Wilson, Rickesha", "Schulz, Karen", "Fathalizadeh, Alisan", "Laktash, Amy", "Bauman, Marita", "Bencsath, Kalman P", "Cha, Walter", "Rodriguez, John", "Aminian, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458364", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the profound effect of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on healthcare systems, surgical programs across the country have paused surgical operations and have been utilizing virtual visits to help maintain public safety. For those who treat obesity, the importance of bariatric surgery has never been more clear. Emerging studies continue to identify obesity and several other obesity-related comorbid conditions as major risk factors for a more severe COVID-19 disease course. However, this also suggests that patients seeking bariatric surgery are inherently at risk of suffering severe complications if they were to contract COVID-19 in the perioperative period. The aim of this protocol is to utilize careful analysis of existing risk stratification for bariatric patients, novel COVID-19-related data, and consensus opinion from multiple academic bariatric centers within our organization to help guide the reanimation of our programs when appropriate and to use this template to prospectively study this risk-stratified population in real time. The core principles of this protocol can be applied to any surgical specialty."}, {"pmid": 32343013, "pmcid": "PMC7267530", "title": "Respiratory and pulmonary complications in head and neck cancer patients: Evidence-based review for the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Silverman, Dustin A", "Lin, Chen", "Tamaki, Akina", "Puram, Sidharth V", "Carrau, Ricardo L", "Seim, Nolan B", "Eskander, Antoine", "Rocco, James W", "Old, Matthew O", "Kang, Stephen Y"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343013", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pulmonary complications and infections frequently affect patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Common characteristics can predispose these patients to the development of severe respiratory illness, which may be particularly relevant during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. A scoping review was performed to assess the impact of pulmonary comorbidities and adverse respiratory outcomes in HNSCC patients. Advanced age, history of tobacco and alcohol abuse, and cardiopulmonary comorbidities are significant risk factors for the development of adverse respiratory outcomes. Treatment toxicities from radiation or chemoradiation therapy significantly increase these risks. Respiratory complications are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality among HNSCC patients, and the COVID-19 pandemic may disproportionately affect this population. Interventions designed to decrease smoking and alcohol use, improve oral hygiene, and aggressively manage medical comorbidities are important to the long-term management and health of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32118643, "title": "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in 2019 novel coronavirus disease: indications, timing, and implementation.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Li, Min", "Gu, Si-Chao", "Wu, Xiao-Jing", "Xia, Jin-Gen", "Zhang, Yi", "Zhan, Qing-Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118643", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377375, "pmcid": "PMC7197635", "title": "Immune cell profiling of COVID-19 patients in the recovery stage by single-cell sequencing.", "journal": "Cell Discov", "authors": ["Wen, Wen", "Su, Wenru", "Tang, Hao", "Le, Wenqing", "Zhang, Xiaopeng", "Zheng, Yingfeng", "Liu, Xiuxing", "Xie, Lihui", "Li, Jianmin", "Ye, Jinguo", "Dong, Liwei", "Cui, Xiuliang", "Miao, Yushan", "Wang, Depeng", "Dong, Jiantao", "Xiao, Chuanle", "Chen, Wei", "Wang, Hongyang"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377375", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has recently affected over 1,200,000 people and killed more than 60,000. The key immune cell subsets change and their states during the course of COVID-19 remain unclear. We sought to comprehensively characterize the transcriptional changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the recovery stage of COVID-19 by single-cell RNA sequencing technique. It was found that T cells decreased remarkably, whereas monocytes increased in patients in the early recovery stage (ERS) of COVID-19. There was an increased ratio of classical CD14++ monocytes with high inflammatory gene expression as well as a greater abundance of CD14++IL1\u03b2+ monocytes in the ERS. CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells decreased significantly and expressed high levels of inflammatory genes in the ERS. Among the B cells, the plasma cells increased remarkably, whereas the na\u00efve B cells decreased. Several novel B cell-receptor (BCR) changes were identified, such as IGHV3-23 and IGHV3-7, and isotypes (IGHV3-15, IGHV3-30, and IGKV3-11) previously used for virus vaccine development were confirmed. The strongest pairing frequencies, IGHV3-23-IGHJ4, indicated a monoclonal state associated with SARS-CoV-2 specificity, which had not been reported yet. Furthermore, integrated analysis predicted that IL-1\u03b2 and M-CSF may be novel candidate target genes for inflammatory storm and that TNFSF13, IL-18, IL-2, and IL-4 may be beneficial for the recovery of COVID-19 patients. Our study provides the first evidence of an inflammatory immune signature in the ERS, suggesting COVID-19 patients are still vulnerable after hospital discharge. Identification of novel BCR signaling may lead to the development of vaccines and antibodies for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32349033, "title": "Novel biosensor platforms for the detection of coronavirus infection and SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Liang, Kung-Hao", "Chang, Tai-Jay", "Wang, Mong-Lien", "Tsai, Ping-Hsing", "Lin, Ta-Hsien", "Wang, Chin-Tien", "Yang, De-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349033", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been causing respiratory diseases globally, damaging wide-ranges of social-economical activities. This virus is transmitted through personal contact and possibly also through ambient air. Effective biosensor platforms for the detection of this virus and the related host response are in urgent demand. These platforms can facilitate routine diagnostic assays in certified clinical labs. They can also be integrated into point-of-care products. Furthermore, environmental biosensors can be designed to detect SARS-CoV-2 in the ambient air or in the intensive care ventilators. Here, we evaluate technical components of biosensors, including the biological targets of recognition, the recognition methods and the signal amplification and transduction systems. Effective SARS-CoV-2 detectors can be designed by adequate combination of these technologies."}, {"pmid": 32314798, "pmcid": "PMC7264585", "title": "COVID-19 infection in patients with sickle cell disease.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Hussain, Faiz A", "Njoku, Franklin U", "Saraf, Santosh L", "Molokie, Robert E", "Gordeuk, Victor R", "Han, Jin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314798", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487876, "title": "Nutrition in times of Covid-19, how to trust the deluge of scientific information.", "journal": "Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care", "authors": ["Correia, Maria Isabel T D"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487876", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has daunted the world with its enormous impact on healthcare, economic recession, and psychological distress. Nutrition is an integral part of every person life care, and should also be mandatorily integrated to patient care under the Covid-19 pandemic. It is crucial to understand how the Covid-19 does develop and which risk factors are associated with negative outcomes and death. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to have studies that respect the basic tenets of the scientific method in order to be trusted. The goal of this review is to discuss the deluge of scientific data and how it might influence clinical reasoning and practice. A large number of scientific manuscripts are daily published worldwide, and the Covid-19 makes no exception. Up to now, data on Covid-19 have come from countries initially affected by the disease and mostly pertain either epidemiological observations or opinion papers. Many of them do not fulfil the essential principles characterizing the adequate scientific method. It is crucial to be able to critical appraise the scientific literature, in order to provide adequate nutrition therapy to patients, and in particular, to Covid-19 infected individuals."}, {"pmid": 32521641, "title": "Prediction of Epidemic Peak and Infected Cases for COVID-19 Disease in Malaysia, 2020.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Alsayed, Abdallah", "Sadir, Hayder", "Kamil, Raja", "Sari, Hasan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521641", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus COVID-19 has recently started to spread rapidly in Malaysia. The number of total infected cases has increased to 3662 on 05 April 2020, leading to the country being placed under lockdown. As the main public concern is whether the current situation will continue for the next few months, this study aims to predict the epidemic peak using the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model, with incorporation of the mortality cases. The infection rate was estimated using the Genetic Algorithm (GA), while the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model was used to provide short-time forecasting of the number of infected cases. The results show that the estimated infection rate is 0.228 \u00b1 0.013, while the basic reproductive number is 2.28 \u00b1 0.13. The epidemic peak of COVID-19 in Malaysia could be reached on 26 July 2020, with an uncertain period of 30 days (12 July-11 August). Possible interventions by the government to reduce the infection rate by 25% over two or three months would delay the epidemic peak by 30 and 46 days, respectively. The forecasting results using the ANFIS model show a low Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) of 0.041; a low Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 2.45%; and a high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9964. The results also show that an intervention has a great effect on delaying the epidemic peak and a longer intervention period would reduce the epidemic size at the peak. The study provides important information for public health providers and the government to control the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32277483, "title": "Os direitos humanos das criancas com deficiencia durante emergencias de saude: o desafio do COVID-19.", "journal": "Dev Med Child Neurol", "authors": ["Schiariti, Veronica"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277483", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32162995, "pmcid": "PMC7140973", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine.", "journal": "J Dent Res", "authors": ["Meng, L", "Hua, F", "Bian, Z"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162995", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originating in Wuhan, China, has become a major public health challenge for not only China but also countries around the world. The World Health Organization announced that the outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have constituted a public health emergency of international concern. As of February 26, 2020, COVID-19 has been recognized in 34 countries, with a total of 80,239 laboratory-confirmed cases and 2,700 deaths. Infection control measures are necessary to prevent the virus from further spreading and to help control the epidemic situation. Due to the characteristics of dental settings, the risk of cross infection can be high between patients and dental practitioners. For dental practices and hospitals in areas that are (potentially) affected with COVID-19, strict and effective infection control protocols are urgently needed. This article, based on our experience and relevant guidelines and research, introduces essential knowledge about COVID-19 and nosocomial infection in dental settings and provides recommended management protocols for dental practitioners and students in (potentially) affected areas."}, {"pmid": 32472990, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and cardiovascular disease: where do we stand?", "journal": "Minerva Cardioangiol", "authors": ["Chatzis, Dimitrios G", "Magounaki, Kalliopi T", "Pantazopoulos, Ioannis N", "Johnson, Elizabeth O", "Tsioufis, Konstantinos P"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472990", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which recently has been characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) having killed almost 250,000 people worldwide as of May 4th 2020. Despite the fact that SARS-CoV-2 seems to predominantly affect the respiratory system leading to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, it is now evident that it may also affect the cardiovascular system in multiple ways. The current paper is a review of the most recent literature regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection and its associated main cardiovascular clinical manifestations. Cardiovascular disease represents a prevalent underlying comorbidity associated with increased mortality rates among COVID-19 affected individuals. In addition, various cardiovascular manifestations have been linked to the viral insult, including among others acute coronary syndromes, myocarditis, acute heart failure, cardiac injury, arrhythmias and acute pulmonary embolism. Further studies are required in order to establish the complicated association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and its effects on the cardiovascular system. Our knowledge regarding diagnostic approaches, therapeutic management and preventive measures is constantly enriched throughout an abundance of ongoing research in the respective fields."}, {"pmid": 32293511, "pmcid": "PMC7156793", "title": "COVID-19 randomised trial protocols: rapid publication without barriers.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Treweek, Shaun", "Juni, Peter", "Li, Tianjing", "Collin, Jonathan", "Briel, Matthias", "Chan, An-Wen", "Hemming, Karla", "Meurer, William J", "Sydes, Matthew R", "Grimshaw, Jeremy M"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293511", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343836, "pmcid": "PMC7197535", "title": "COVID-19 and the Advancement of Digital Physical Therapist Practice and Telehealth.", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Lee, Alan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343836", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513832, "title": "Migrant workers and COVID-19.", "journal": "Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Koh, David"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513832", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Daily numbers of COVID-19 in Singapore from March to May 2020, the cause of a surge in cases in April and the national response were examined, and regulations on migrant worker accommodation studied. Information was gathered from daily reports provided by the Ministry of Health, Singapore Statues online and a Ministerial statement given at a Parliament sitting on 4 May 2020. A marked escalation in the daily number of new COVID-19 cases was seen in early April 2020. The majority of cases occurred among an estimated 295\u2009000 low-skilled migrant workers living in foreign worker dormitories. As of 6 May 2020, there were 17\u2009758 confirmed COVID-19 cases among dormitory workers (88% of 20\u2009198 nationally confirmed cases). One dormitory housing approximately 13\u2009000 workers had 19.4% of residents infected. The national response included mobilising several government agencies and public volunteers. There was extensive testing of workers in dormitories, segregation of healthy and infected workers, and daily observation for fever and symptoms. Twenty-four dormitories were declared as 'isolation areas', with residents quarantined for 14 days. New housing, for example, vacant public housing flats, military camps, exhibition centres, floating hotels have been provided that will allow for appropriate social distancing. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted migrant workers as a vulnerable occupational group. Ideally, matters related to inadequate housing of vulnerable migrant workers need to be addressed before a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32387656, "pmcid": "PMC7202818", "title": "Perspectives on the Recommendations for Skin Cancer Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Geskin, Larisa J", "Trager, Megan H", "Aasi, Sumaira Z", "Bickers, David R", "Carvajal, Richard D", "Nghiem, Paul", "Taback, Bret", "Zeitouni, Nathalie C", "Samie, Faramarz H"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387656", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32210741, "pmcid": "PMC7081067", "title": "Unrevealing sequence and structural features of novel coronavirus using in silico approaches: The main protease as molecular target.", "journal": "EXCLI J", "authors": ["Ortega, Joseph Thomas", "Serrano, Maria Luisa", "Pujol, Flor Helene", "Rangel, Hector Rafael"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210741", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Direct-acting antivirals are effective tools to control viral infections. SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus associated with the epidemiological outbreak in late 2019. Previous reports showed that HIV-1 protease inhibitors could block SARS-CoV main protease. Based on that and using an in silico approach, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 main protease as a target for HIV-1 protease inhibitors to reveal the structural features related to their antiviral effect. Our results showed that several HIV inhibitors such as lopinavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir produce strong interaction with the active site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Furthermore, broad library protease inhibitors obtained from PubChem and ZINC (www.zinc.docking.org) were evaluated. Our analysis revealed 20 compounds that could be clustered into three groups based on their chemical features. Then, these structures could serve as leading compounds to develop a series of derivatives optimizing their activity against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. Altogether, the results presented in this work contribute to gain a deep understanding of the molecular pharmacology of SARS-CoV-2 treatment and validate the use of protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32386449, "pmcid": "PMC7273097", "title": "Liver injury is associated with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective studies.", "journal": "Hepatol Res", "authors": ["Parohan, Mohammad", "Yaghoubi, Sajad", "Seraj, Asal"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386449", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a major threat to human beings. Lung injury has been reported as the major outcome of COVID-19 infection. However, liver damage has also been considered to occur in severe cases. Current meta-analysis of retrospective studies was done to summarize available findings on the association between liver injury and severity of COVID-19 infection. Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched to detect relevant publications up to 1 April 2020, using relevant keywords. To pool data, a fixed- or random-effects model was used depending on the heterogeneity between studies. Furthermore, publication bias test and sensitivity analysis were also done. In total, 20 retrospective studies with 3,428 COVID-19 infected patients (severe cases = 1,455 and mild cases = 1,973), were included in this meta-analysis. Higher serum levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (weighted mean difference = 8.84 U/L, 95% CI = 5.97 to 11.71, P<0.001), Alanine aminotransferase (weighted mean difference = 7.35 U/L, 95% CI = 4.77 to 9.93, P<0.001), total Bilirubin (weighted mean difference = 2.30 mmol/L, 95% CI = 1.24 to 3.36, P<0.001) and lower serum levels of Albumin (weighted mean difference = -4.24 g/L, 95% CI = -6.20 to -2.28, P<0.001), were associated with a significant increase in the severity of COVID-19 infection. The incidence of liver injury, as assessed by serum analysis (AST, ALT, total Bilirubin and Albumin levels), seems to be higher in patients with severe COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32483356, "pmcid": "PMC7263180", "title": "The day after COVID-19 in IBD: how to go back to 'normal'.", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Danese, Silvio", "Sands, Bruce", "Ng, Siew C", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483356", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425364, "pmcid": "PMC7229910", "title": "Tocilizumab for severe COVID-19: A promising intervention affecting inflammation and coagulation.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Levi, Marcel"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425364", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367287, "pmcid": "PMC7198092", "title": "New evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through the ocular surface.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Qing, Huiling", "Yang, Zhengwei", "Shi, Menghai", "Zhang, Zongduan"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367287", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426144, "pmcid": "PMC7218554", "title": "Together we unite: the role of the Commonwealth in achieving universal health coverage through pharmaceutical care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Pharm Policy Pract", "authors": ["Chan, Amy Hai Yan", "Rutter, Victoria", "Ashiru-Oredope, Diane", "Tuck, Chloe", "Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426144", "countries": ["Rwanda"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world currently faces unprecedented health challenges as COVID-19 poses a huge threat to health systems, economies and societies as we know it. The events of the current COVID-19 pandemic have further emphasised existing issues within our health systems. There is no better time than now to come together in global solidarity to tackle these evolving threats of COVID-19 pandemic. The Commonwealth is an ideally placed network to tackle these global health challenges, with its wide-reaching networks of governmental, non-governmental and civil society organisations across all continents. Although the biennial Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) originally scheduled to take place in Kigali in Rwanda 22-27 June 2020 has been postponed in view of COVID-19, Commonwealth country discussions are continuing, centred on the CHOGM key theme of 'Delivering a Common Future: Connecting, Innovating, Transforming', and five subthemes of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Innovation; Trade; Environment; Governance and the Rule of Law; and Youth. The planned CHOGM and Commonwealth itself provides all members a timely platform to consider innovative ways to connect, innovate and transform healthcare to meet the needs of their populations. This commentary considers these five CHOGM subthemes and how member nations can be supported to achieve universal health coverage through optimising medicines use and outcomes, in the midst of a global pandemic in line with the global health agenda."}, {"pmid": 32360211, "pmcid": "PMC7189834", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Hussain, Abdulzahra", "Vasas, Peter", "El-Hasani, Shamsi"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360211", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388805, "pmcid": "PMC7211051", "title": "Low-dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumopathy: what is the evidence?", "journal": "Strahlenther Onkol", "authors": ["Rodel, Franz", "Arenas, Meritxell", "Ott, Oliver J", "Fournier, Claudia", "Georgakilas, Alexandros G", "Tapio, Soile", "Trott, Klaus-Rudiger", "Gaipl, Udo S"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388805", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current dismal situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, effective management of patients with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome is of vital importance. Due to the current lack of effective pharmacological concepts, this situation has caused interest in (re)considering historical reports on the treatment of patients with low-dose radiation therapy for pneumonia. Although these historical reports are of low-level evidence per se, hampering recommendations for decision-making in the clinical setting, they indicate effectiveness in the dose range between 0.3 and 1\u202fGy, similar to more recent dose concepts in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory/degenerative benign diseases with, e.g., a\u00a0single dose per fraction of 0.5\u202fGy. This concise review aims to critically review the evidence for low-dose radiation treatment of COVID-19 pneumopathy and discuss whether it is worth investigating in the present clinical situation."}, {"pmid": 32392510, "pmcid": "PMC7162433", "title": "Open access epidemiologic data and an interactive dashboard to monitor the COVID-19 outbreak in Canada.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Berry, Isha", "Soucy, Jean-Paul R", "Tuite, Ashleigh", "Fisman, David"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392510", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531083, "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome in a patient with antibodies against SARS-COV-2.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Helbok, Raimund", "Beer, Ronny", "Loscher, Wolfgang", "Boesch, Sylvia", "Reindl, Markus", "Hornung, Rouven", "Schiefecker, Alois Josef", "Deisenhammer, Florian", "Pfausler, Bettina"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531083", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are now several reports on neurologic features of SARS-CoV-2 infection.1 2 In a recent study of 214 patients with COVID-19, 78 (36.4%) patients had neurological manifestations, including headache, dizziness, acute cerebrovascular diseases, and impaired consciousness.2."}, {"pmid": 32347991, "pmcid": "PMC7267443", "title": "Health workers' safety during tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients: Homemade protective screen.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Cordier, Pierre-Yves", "De La Villeon, Bruno", "Martin, Edouard", "Goudard, Yvain", "Haen, Pierre"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347991", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As an aerosol and droplets generating procedure, tracheostomy increases contamination risks for health workers in the coronavirus disease context. To preserve the health care system capacity and to limit virus cross-transmission, protecting caregivers against coronavirus infection is of critical importance. We report the use of external fixator equipment to set up a physical interface between the patient's neck and the caregiver performing a tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients. Once the metal frame set in place, it is wrapped with a single-use clear and sterile cover for surgical C-arm. This installation is simple, easy, and fast to achieve and can be carried out with inexpensive material available in every hospital. This physical interface is an additional safety measure that prevents the direct projection of secretions or droplets. It should, of course, only be considered as a complement to strict compliance with barrier precautions and personal protective equipment."}, {"pmid": 32422932, "title": "Detection of Recombinant Rousettus Bat Coronavirus GCCDC1 in Lesser Dawn Bats (Eonycteris spelaea) in Singapore.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Paskey, Adrian C", "Ng, Justin H J", "Rice, Gregory K", "Chia, Wan Ni", "Philipson, Casandra W", "Foo, Randy J H", "Cer, Regina Z", "Long, Kyle A", "Lueder, Matthew R", "Lim, Xiao Fang", "Frey, Kenneth G", "Hamilton, Theron", "Anderson, Danielle E", "Laing, Eric D", "Mendenhall, Ian H", "Smith, Gavin J", "Wang, Lin-Fa", "Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422932", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rousettus bat coronavirus GCCDC1 (RoBat-CoV GCCDC1) is a cross-family recombinant coronavirus that has previously only been reported in wild-caught bats in Y\u00fannan, China. We report the persistence of a related strain in a captive colony of lesser dawn bats captured in Singapore. Genomic evidence of the virus was detected using targeted enrichment sequencing, and further investigated using deeper, unbiased high throughput sequencing. RoBat-CoV GCCDC1 Singapore shared 96.52% similarity with RoBat-CoV GCCDC1 356 (NC_030886) at the nucleotide level, and had a high prevalence in the captive bat colony. It was detected at five out of six sampling time points across the course of 18 months. A partial segment 1 from an ancestral Pteropine orthoreovirus, p10, makes up the recombinant portion of the virus, which shares high similarity with previously reported RoBat-CoV GCCDC1 strains that were detected in Y\u00fannan, China. RoBat-CoV GCCDC1 is an intriguing, cross-family recombinant virus, with a geographical range that expands farther than was previously known. The discovery of RoBat-CoV GCCDC1 in Singapore indicates that this recombinant coronavirus exists in a broad geographical range, and can persist in bat colonies long-term."}, {"pmid": 32353267, "pmcid": "PMC7185948", "title": "Nursing homes or besieged castles: COVID-19 in northern Italy.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Trabucchi, Marco", "De Leo, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353267", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341172, "pmcid": "PMC7204787", "title": "Suspected cases of COVID-19: study protocol for reporting characteristics and the outcomes.", "journal": "Fam Med Community Health", "authors": ["Hamed, Ehab", "Abd Elhamid, Mohamed", "Alemrayat, Bayan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341172", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457097, "title": "Physician Moms Group: the support network that's needed more than ever during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Stokel-Walker, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457097", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487801, "title": "Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Transmission from Community Contacts in Healthcare Workers.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Graham, Laura A", "Maldonado, Yvonne A", "Tompkins, Lucy S", "Wald, Samuel H", "Chawla, Amanda", "Hawn, Mary T"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487801", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281649, "pmcid": "PMC7262241", "title": "Prawa czlowieka dzieci niepelnosprawnych w sytuacjach kryzysowych: wyzwanie COVID-19.", "journal": "Dev Med Child Neurol", "authors": ["Schiariti, Veronica"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281649", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504740, "pmcid": "PMC7270800", "title": "Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal swab and saliva.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Iwasaki, Sumio", "Fujisawa, Shinichi", "Nakakubo, Sho", "Kamada, Keisuke", "Yamashita, Yu", "Fukumoto, Tatsuya", "Sato, Kaori", "Oguri, Satoshi", "Taki, Keisuke", "Senjo, Hajime", "Sugita, Junichi", "Hayasaka, Kasumi", "Konno, Satoshi", "Nishida, Mutsumi", "Teshima, Takanori"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504740", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389701, "pmcid": "PMC7204691", "title": "Time to realise the true potential of Ayurveda against COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Golechha, Mahaveer"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389701", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315980, "pmcid": "PMC7156942", "title": "COVID-19 in a MS patient treated with ocrelizumab: does immunosuppression have a protective role?", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Novi, Giovanni", "Mikulska, Malgorzata", "Briano, Federica", "Toscanini, Federica", "Tazza, Francesco", "Uccelli, Antonio", "Inglese, Matilde"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315980", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a novel disease entity that is spreading throughout the world. It has been speculated that patients with comorbidities and elderly patients could be at high risk for respiratory insufficiency and death. Immunosuppression could expose infected patients to even higher risks of disease complications due to dampened immune response. However, it has been speculated that overactive immune response could drive clinical deterioration and, based on this hypothesis, several immunosuppressants are currently being tested as potential treatment for COVID-19. In this paper we report on a patient that has been treated with ocrelizumab (a B-cell depleting monoclonal antibody) for primary progressive multiple sclerosis who developed COVID-19. Despite complete B cell depletion, patient symptoms abated few days after hospitalization, and he was discharged to home-quarantine. Phone interview follow-up confirmed that, after 14 days, no new symptoms occurred. This report supports the putative role of immunosuppressive therapy in COVID-19 affected patients."}, {"pmid": 32298988, "pmcid": "PMC7194914", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 225 patients with COVID-19 in a tertiary Hospital near Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Li, Ruoqing", "Tian, Jigang", "Yang, Fang", "Lv, Lei", "Yu, Jie", "Sun, Guangyan", "Ma, Yu", "Yang, Xiaojuan", "Ding, Jianqiang"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298988", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). There is a need to study the clinical features of patients in a hospital near Wuhan. To identify clinical features of patients with COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital near Wuhan. General information, clinical manifestations, laboratory data, and computed tomography (CT) data were collected for 225 patients diagnosed of COVID-19 admitted between January 20 and February 14, 2020, to the Hanchuan City People's Hospital. The patients included 120 male and 105 females who had no connection to the Wuhan Huanan Seafood Market. Their average age was 50\u202f\u00b1\u202f14 years. The major clinical symptoms were fever (84.44% of patients), cough (56.44% of patients), and dyspnea (4.00% of patients); 3.56%-22.67% of subjects suffered from expectoration, fatigue, chills, headache, chest pain, and pharyngalgia. Hypertension was present in 20.89% of patients. The counts of white blood cells (WBCs) and lymphocytes were normal or decreased in 86.67% and 99.11% of patients. CRP was increased in 86.22% of patients, PCT in 10.67%, and ESR in 90.22%. CT showed that 86.22% of patients had multiple patchy glassy shadows in both lungs, particularly in the peripheral area. Thirty-seven (16.44%) patients were diagnosed with severe COVID-19. Methylprednisolone was administered in 44.44% of cases. The mortality among the patients was 0.89%. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in the tertiary hospital near Wuhan are very similar to those found in Wuhan, but the lower mortality."}, {"pmid": 32197103, "pmcid": "PMC7270596", "title": "COVID-19: towards controlling of a pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Bedford, Juliet", "Enria, Delia", "Giesecke, Johan", "Heymann, David L", "Ihekweazu, Chikwe", "Kobinger, Gary", "Lane, H Clifford", "Memish, Ziad", "Oh, Myoung-Don", "Sall, Amadou Alpha", "Schuchat, Anne", "Ungchusak, Kumnuan", "Wieler, Lothar H"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197103", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311318, "pmcid": "PMC7164875", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and viral sepsis: observations and hypotheses.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Li, Hui", "Liu, Liang", "Zhang, Dingyu", "Xu, Jiuyang", "Dai, Huaping", "Tang, Nan", "Su, Xiao", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311318", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), clinicians have tried every effort to understand the disease, and a brief portrait of its clinical features have been identified. In clinical practice, we noticed that many severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients developed typical clinical manifestations of shock, including cold extremities and weak peripheral pulses, even in the absence of overt hypotension. Understanding the mechanism of viral sepsis in COVID-19 is warranted for exploring better clinical care for these patients. With evidence collected from autopsy studies on COVID-19 and basic science research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS-CoV, we have put forward several hypotheses about SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis after multiple rounds of discussion among basic science researchers, pathologists, and clinicians working on COVID-19. We hypothesise that a process called viral sepsis is crucial to the disease mechanism of COVID-19. Although these ideas might be proven imperfect or even wrong later, we believe they can provide inputs and guide directions for basic research at this moment."}, {"pmid": 32422057, "pmcid": "PMC7240870", "title": "Variation in False-Negative Rate of Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based SARS-CoV-2 Tests by Time Since Exposure.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Kucirka, Lauren M", "Lauer, Stephen A", "Laeyendecker, Oliver", "Boon, Denali", "Lessler, Justin"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422057", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are being used to \"rule out\" infection among high-risk persons, such as exposed inpatients and health care workers. It is critical to understand how the predictive value of the test varies with time from exposure and symptom onset to avoid being falsely reassured by negative test results. To estimate the false-negative rate by day since infection. Literature review and pooled analysis. 7 previously published studies providing data on RT-PCR performance by time since symptom onset or SARS-CoV-2 exposure using samples from the upper respiratory tract (n\u00a0= 1330). A mix of inpatients and outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A Bayesian hierarchical model was fitted to estimate the false-negative rate by day since exposure and symptom onset. Over the 4 days of infection before the typical time of symptom onset (day 5), the probability of a false-negative result in an infected person decreases from 100% (95% CI, 100% to 100%) on day 1 to 67% (CI, 27% to 94%) on day 4. On the day of symptom onset, the median false-negative rate was 38% (CI, 18% to 65%). This decreased to 20% (CI, 12% to 30%) on day 8 (3 days after symptom onset) then began to increase again, from 21% (CI, 13% to 31%) on day 9 to 66% (CI, 54% to 77%) on day 21. Imprecise estimates due to heterogeneity in the design of studies on which results were based. Care must be taken in interpreting RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection-particularly early in the course of infection-when using these results as a basis for removing precautions intended to prevent onward transmission. If clinical suspicion is high, infection should not be ruled out on the basis of RT-PCR alone, and the clinical and epidemiologic situation should be carefully considered. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Health System, and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."}, {"pmid": 32270565, "pmcid": "PMC7262352", "title": "Impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) on otolaryngologic surgery: Brief commentary.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Bann, Darrin V", "Patel, Vijay A", "Saadi, Robert", "Gniady, John P", "Goyal, Neerav", "McGinn, Johnathan D", "Goldenberg, David"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270565", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health crisis and otolaryngologists are at increased occupational risk of contracting COVID-19. There are currently no uniform best-practice recommendations for otolaryngologic surgery in the setting of COVID-19. We reviewed relevant publications and position statements regarding the management of otolaryngology patients in the setting of COVID-19. Recommendations regarding clinical practice during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks were also reviewed. Enhanced personal protective equipment (N95 respirator and face shield or powered air-purifying respirator, disposable cap and gown, gloves) is required for any otolaryngology patient with unknown, suspected, or positive COVID-19 status. Elective procedures should be postponed indefinitely, and clinical practice should be limited to patients with urgent or emergent needs. We summarize current best-practice recommendations for otolaryngologists to ensure safety for themselves, their clinical staff, and their patients."}, {"pmid": 32118392, "title": "[Cardiac manifestations of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and related treatment recommendations].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tan, Z C", "Fu, L H", "Wang, D D", "Hong, K"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118392", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303591, "title": "Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Moore, John B", "June, Carl H"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303591", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303495, "title": "Clinical features of covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Vetter, Pauline", "Vu, Diem Lan", "L'Huillier, Arnaud G", "Schibler, Manuel", "Kaiser, Laurent", "Jacquerioz, Frederique"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303495", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401352, "pmcid": "PMC7272942", "title": "Update on the neurology of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Finsterer, Josef", "Stollberger, Claudia"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401352", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32190785, "pmcid": "PMC7068636", "title": "Transmission potential of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) onboard the diamond Princess Cruises Ship, 2020.", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Mizumoto, Kenji", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32190785", "countries": ["China", "Japan", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of COVID-19 developed aboard the Princess Cruises Ship during January-February 2020. Using mathematical modeling and time-series incidence data describing the trajectory of the outbreak among passengers and crew members, we characterize how the transmission potential varied over the course of the outbreak. Our estimate of the mean reproduction number in the confined setting reached values as high as ~11, which is higher than mean estimates reported from community-level transmission dynamics in China and Singapore (approximate range: 1.1-7). Our findings suggest that Rt decreased substantially compared to values during the early phase after the Japanese government implemented an enhanced quarantine control. Most recent estimates of Rt reached values largely below the epidemic threshold, indicating that a secondary outbreak of the novel coronavirus was unlikely to occur aboard the Diamond Princess Ship."}, {"pmid": 32330428, "pmcid": "PMC7173816", "title": "Hospital-based use of thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Spyropoulos, Alex C", "Ageno, Walter", "Barnathan, Elliot S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330428", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495231, "pmcid": "PMC7268183", "title": "COVID-19 and kidney transplantation: an Italian Survey and Consensus.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Vistoli, Fabio", "Furian, Lucrezia", "Maggiore, Umberto", "Caldara, Rossana", "Cantaluppi, Vincenzo", "Ferraresso, Mariano", "Zaza, Gianluigi", "Cardillo, Massimo", "Biancofiore, Giandomenico", "Menichetti, Francesco", "Russo, Alessandro", "Turillazzi, Emanuela", "Di Paolo, Marco", "Grandaliano, Giuseppe", "Boggi, Ugo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495231", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy was the first Western country to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we report the results of a national\u00a0survey on kidney transplantation activity in February and March 2020, and the results of a three-round Delphi consensus promoted by four scientific societies: the Italian Society of Organ Transplantation, the Italian Society of Nephrology, the Italian Society of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, and the Italian Group on Antimicrobial Stewardship. All 41 Italian transplant centers were invited to express their opinion in the Delphi rounds along with a group of seven experts. The survey revealed that, starting from March 2020, there was a decline in kidney transplantation activity in Italy, especially for living-related transplants. Overall, 60 recipients tested positive for SARS-CoV2 infection, 57 required hospitalization, 17\u00a0were admitted to the ICU, and 11 died. The online consensus had high response rates at each round (95.8%, 95.8%, and 89.5%, respectively). Eventually, 27 of 31 proposed statements were approved (87.1%), 12 at the first or second round (38.7%), and 3 at the third (9.7%). Based on the Italian experience, we discuss the reasons for the changes in kidney transplantation activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Western countries. We also provide working recommendations for the organization and management of kidney transplantation under these conditions."}, {"pmid": 32374400, "pmcid": "PMC7203604", "title": "Estimated Demand for US Hospital Inpatient and Intensive Care Unit Beds for Patients With COVID-19 Based on Comparisons With Wuhan and Guangzhou, China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Li, Ruoran", "Rivers, Caitlin", "Tan, Qi", "Murray, Megan B", "Toner, Eric", "Lipsitch, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374400", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sustained spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has happened in major US cities. Capacity needs in cities in China could inform the planning of local health care resources. To describe and compare the intensive care unit (ICU) and inpatient bed needs for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2 cities in China to estimate the peak ICU bed needs in US cities if an outbreak equivalent to that in Wuhan occurs. This comparative effectiveness study analyzed the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan and Guangzhou, China, from January 10 to February 29, 2020. Timing of disease control measures relative to timing of SARS-CoV-2 community spread. Number of critical and severe patient-days and peak number of patients with critical and severe illness during the study period. In Wuhan, strict disease control measures were implemented 6 weeks after sustained local transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Between January 10 and February 29, 2020, patients with COVID-19 accounted for a median (interquartile range) of 429 (25-1143) patients in the ICU and 1521 (111-7202) inpatients with serious illness each day. During the epidemic peak, 19\u202f425 patients (24.5 per 10\u202f000 adults) were hospitalized, 9689 (12.2 per 10\u202f000 adults) were considered in serious condition, and 2087 (2.6 per 10\u202f000 adults) needed critical care per day. In Guangzhou, strict disease control measures were implemented within 1 week of case importation. Between January 24 and February 29, COVID-19 accounted for a median (interquartile range) of 9 (7-12) patients in the ICU and 17 (15-26) inpatients with serious illness each day. During the epidemic peak, 15 patients were in critical condition and 38 were classified as having serious illness. The projected number of prevalent critically ill patients at the peak of a Wuhan-like outbreak in US cities was estimated to range from 2.2 to 4.4 per 10\u202f000 adults, depending on differences in age distribution and comorbidity (ie, hypertension) prevalence. Even after the lockdown of Wuhan on January 23, the number of patients with serious COVID-19 illness continued to rise, exceeding local hospitalization and ICU capacities for at least a month. Plans are urgently needed to mitigate the consequences of COVID-19 outbreaks on the local health care systems in US cities."}, {"pmid": 32305011, "pmcid": "PMC7136890", "title": "Conducting phase 1 cancer clinical trials during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related disease pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Tarantino, Paolo", "Trapani, Dario", "Curigliano, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305011", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370257, "title": "Bioenergy Crisis in Coronavirus Diseases?", "journal": "Brain Sci", "authors": ["Dutta, Anirban", "Das, Abhijit", "Kondziella, Daniel", "Stachowiak, Michal K"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370257", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO).[...]."}, {"pmid": 32519302, "title": "Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome: from basic to clinics.", "journal": "Protein Cell", "authors": ["Qin, Hua", "Zhao, Andong"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519302", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has occurred in China and around the world. SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with severe pneumonia rapidly develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and die of multiple organ failure. Despite advances in supportive care approaches, ARDS is still associated with high mortality and morbidity. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy may be an potential alternative strategy for treating ARDS by targeting the various pathophysiological events of ARDS. By releasing a variety of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles, MSC can exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-microbial, and pro-angiogenic effects, promote bacterial and alveolar fluid clearance, disrupt the pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cell damage, eventually avoiding the lung and distal organ injuries to rescue patients with ARDS. An increasing number of experimental animal studies and early clinical studies verify the safety and efficacy of MSC therapy in ARDS. Since low cell engraftment and survival in lung limit MSC therapeutic potentials, several strategies have been developed to enhance their engraftment in the lung and their intrinsic, therapeutic properties. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms and optimization of MSC therapy in ARDS and highlighted the potentials and possible barriers of MSC therapy for COVID-19 patients with ARDS."}, {"pmid": 31980434, "title": "China coronavirus: what do we know so far?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-01-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31980434", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374544, "title": "[Venous thrombotic risk related to SARS-CoV-2 : prevalence, recommendations and perspectives].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Casini, Alessandro", "Fontana, Pierre", "Glauser, Frederic", "Robert-Ebadi, Helia", "Righini, Marc", "Blondon, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374544", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic outbreak, growing evidence suggests that patients suffering from COVID-19 are at increased risk of thrombotic events. The sepsis-related activation of the coagulation combined with a high prevalence of common thrombotic risk factors could contribute to this prothrombotic state. Coagulation biomarkers could help in the identification of patients at risk of complications and mortality. The incidence of venous thromboembolic events appears to be increased, especially in severe COVID-19 patients. Based on that knowledge, several societies have provided recommendation on the prevention of venous thromboembolism. In this narrative review, we summarize available epidemiologic data on venous thromboembolism and recommendations on thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32502261, "title": "Emergency hospital admissions and interventional treatments for heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias in Germany during the Covid-19 outbreak Insights from the German-wide Helios hospital network.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes", "authors": ["Bollmann, Andreas", "Hohenstein, Sven", "Meier-Hellmann, Andreas", "Kuhlen, Ralf", "Hindricks, Gerhard"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502261", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392907, "title": "Management of Acute Stroke Patients Amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Scientific Statement of the Korean Stroke Society.", "journal": "J Stroke", "authors": ["Kim, Beom Joon", "Kim, Eu Suk", "Shin, Myoung Jin", "Kim, Hong Bin", "Lee, Hee Young", "Hong, Keun-Sik", "Park, Hong-Kyun", "Lee, Jun", "Sohn, Sung-Il", "Hwang, Yang-Ha", "Ko, Sang-Bae", "Park, Jong-Moo", "Rha, Joung-Ho", "Kwon, Sun U", "Kim, Jong S", "Heo, Ji Hoe", "Lee, Byung Chul", "Yoon, Byung-Woo", "Bae, Hee-Joon"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392907", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346790, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) imaging reporting and data system (COVID-RADS) and common lexicon: a proposal based on the imaging data of 37 studies.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Salehi, Sana", "Abedi, Aidin", "Balakrishnan, Sudheer", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346790", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the vast majority of the laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, computed tomography (CT) examinations yield a typical pattern and the sensitivity of this modality has been reported to be 97% in a large-scale study. Structured reporting systems simplify the interpretation and reporting of imaging examinations, serve as a framework for consistent generation of recommendations, and improve the quality of patient care. To compose a comprehensive lexicon for description of the imaging findings and propose a grading system and structured reporting format for CT findings in COVID-19. We updated our published systematic review on imaging findings in COVID-19 to include 37 published studies pertaining to diagnostic features of COVID-19 in chest CT. Using the reported imaging findings of 3647 patients, we summarized the typical chest CT findings, atypical features, and temporal changes of COVID-19 in chest CT. Subsequently, we extracted a list of descriptive terms and mapped it to the terminology that is commonly used in imaging literature. We composed a comprehensive lexicon that can be used for documentation and reporting of typical and atypical CT imaging findings in COVID-19 patients. Using the same data, we propose a grading system with five COVID-RADS categories. Each COVID-RADS grade corresponds to a low, moderate, or high level of suspicion for pulmonary involvement of COVID-19. The proposed COVID-RADS and common lexicon would improve the communication of findings to other healthcare providers, thus facilitating the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients. \u2022 Chest CT has high sensitivity in diagnosing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). \u2022 Structured reporting systems simplify the interpretation and reporting of imaging examinations, serve as a framework for consistent generation of recommendations, and improve the quality of patient care. \u2022 The proposed COVID-RADS and common lexicon would improve the communication of findings to other healthcare providers, thus facilitating the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32460184, "pmcid": "PMC7236718", "title": "Projected increases in suicide in Canada as a consequence of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["McIntyre, Roger S", "Lee, Yena"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460184", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Macroeconomic indicators, notably unemployment, are significant moderators of suicide. We projected the number of excess suicides in Canada as a consequence of the impact of COVID-19 on unemployment. Annual suicide mortality (2000-2018) and unemployment (2000-2019) data were derived from Statistics Canada. Time-trend regression models were used to evaluate and predict the number of excess suicides in 2020 and 2021 for two possible projection scenarios following the COVID-19 pandemic: 1) an increase in unemployment of 1.6% in 2020, 1.2% in 2021, or 2) an increase in unemployment of 10.7% in 2020, 8.9% in 2021. A percentage point increase in unemployment was associated with a 1.0% increase in suicide between 2000 and 2018. In the first scenario, the rise in unemployment rates resulted in a projected total of 418 excess suicides in 2020-2021 (suicide rate per 100,000: 11.6 in 2020). In the second scenario, the projected suicide rates per 100,000 increased to 14.0 in 2020 and 13.6 in 2021, resulting in 2114 excess suicides in 2020-2021. These results indicate that suicide prevention in the context of COVID-19-related unemployment is a critical priority. Furthermore, timely access to mental healthcare, financial provisions and social/labour support programs, as well as optimal treatment for mental disorders is urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32401411, "pmcid": "PMC7272955", "title": "A case of COVID-19 pneumonia presenting with acute urticaria.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Naziroglu, Tugba", "Sozen, Semih", "Ozkan, Pinar", "Seker, Selahattin", "Aksu, Kurtulus"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401411", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463205, "title": "Palliative treatment and care for dying nursing home patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Eriksen, Siren", "Grov, Ellen Karine", "Lichtwarck, Bjorn", "Holmefoss, Ingunn", "Bohn, Kjell", "Myrstad, Christian", "Selbaek, Geir", "Husebo, Bettina"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463205", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421495, "title": "Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA on Surfaces in Quarantine Rooms.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jiang, Fa-Chun", "Jiang, Xiao-Lin", "Wang, Zhao-Guo", "Meng, Zhao-Hai", "Shao, Shou-Feng", "Anderson, Benjamin D", "Ma, Mai-Juan"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421495", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We investigated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) environmental contamination in 2 rooms of a quarantine hotel after 2 presymptomatic persons who stayed there were laboratory-confirmed as having coronavirus disease. We detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA on 8 (36%) of 22 surfaces, as well as on the pillow cover, sheet, and duvet cover."}, {"pmid": 32317126, "pmcid": "PMC7151314", "title": "Seven discharged patients turning positive again for SARS-CoV-2 on quantitative RT-PCR.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Peng, Jianhui", "Wang, Mingke", "Zhang, Gangqing", "Lu, Eying"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317126", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463721, "title": "Accountability to Population Health in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Designing Health Care Delivery Within a Social Responsibility Framework.", "journal": "Popul Health Manag", "authors": ["Cutter, Christina M", "Nelson, Christopher", "Abir, Mahshid"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463721", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310318, "pmcid": "PMC7264564", "title": "Our education, our concerns: The impact on medical student education of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Theoret, Cara", "Ming, Xue"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310318", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203294, "title": "Fast, portable tests come online to curb coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Sheridan, Cormac"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203294", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460144, "pmcid": "PMC7241386", "title": "Altered cytokine levels and immune responses in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and related conditions.", "journal": "Cytokine", "authors": ["Noroozi, Rezvan", "Branicki, Wojciech", "Pyrc, Krzysztof", "Labaj, Pawel P", "Pospiech, Ewelina", "Taheri, Mohammad", "Ghafouri-Fard, Soudeh"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460144", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic in early 2020. The infection has been associated with a wide range of clinical symptoms. In the severely affected patients, it has caused dysregulation of immune responses including over-secretion of inflammatory cytokines and imbalances in the proportion of na\u00efve helper T cells, memory helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Identification of the underlying mechanism of such aberrant function of immune system would help in the prediction of disease course and selection of susceptible patients for more intensive cares. In the current review, we summarize the results of studies which reported alterations in cytokine levels and immune cell functions in patients affected with SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses."}, {"pmid": 32458206, "pmcid": "PMC7249615", "title": "Potential new treatment strategies for COVID-19: is there a role for bromhexine as add-on therapy?", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Depfenhart, Markus", "de Villiers, Danielle", "Lemperle, Gottfried", "Meyer, Markus", "Di Somma, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458206", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Of huge importance now is to provide a fast, cost-effective, safe, and immediately available pharmaceutical solution to curb the rapid global spread of SARS-CoV-2. Recent publications on SARS-CoV-2 have brought attention to the possible benefit of chloroquine in the treatment of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. Whether chloroquine can treat SARS-CoV-2 alone and also work as a prophylactic is doubtful. An effective prophylactic medication to prevent viral entry has to contain, at least, either a protease inhibitor or a competitive virus ACE2-binding inhibitor. Using bromhexine at a dosage that selectively inhibits TMPRSS2 and, in so doing, inhibits TMPRSS2-specific viral entry is likely to be effective against SARS-CoV-2. We propose the use of bromhexine as a prophylactic and treatment. We encourage the scientific community to assess bromhexine clinically as a prophylactic and curative treatment. If proven to be effective, this would allow a rapid, accessible, and cost-effective application worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32294922, "pmcid": "PMC7215850", "title": "Benefits of Exercise on Influenza or Pneumonia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Song, Yang", "Ren, Feng", "Sun, Dong", "Wang, Meizi", "Baker, Julien S", "Istvan, Biro", "Gu, Yaodong"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294922", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A coronavirus pandemic has recently become one of the greatest threats the world is facing. Older adults are under a high risk of infection because of weaker immune systems. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the recent scientific evidence that outlines the effects of exercise on influenza or pneumonia in older adults. An electronic literature search was conducted using the WEB OF SCIENCE, SCIENCEDIRECT and GOOGLE SCHOLAR databases using the following keywords, \"Exercise,\" \"Older adult,\" \"Influenza,\" and \"Pneumonia.\" Any randomized control trials, cross-sectional and observational studies that related to this topic were all included. Twenty studies met the eligibility criteria for this review. Thirteen randomized control trials investigated the effects of exercise on the immune responses to influenza or pneumonia vaccination: seven trials employed moderate aerobic exercise, three employed resistance exercise, and the remaining three used Asian martial arts or special home-based exercises. Five cross-sectional and two observational studies examined the associations between exercise/physical condition and influenza/pneumonia. Most of the current studies suggested that prolonged moderate aerobic exercise may help to reduce the risk of influenza-related infection and improve the immune responses to influenza or pneumonia vaccination in older adults. In addition, training in traditional Asian martial arts was also found to be beneficial. Future research should focus on the different effects of moderate and vigorous exercise on influenza-related diseases."}, {"pmid": 32502585, "pmcid": "PMC7265862", "title": "CHILBLAIN-LIKE ACRAL LESIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC (\"COVID TOES\"): HISTOLOGIC, IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF 17 CASES.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Kanitakis, Jean", "Lesort, Cecile", "Danset, Marie", "Jullien, Denis"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502585", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, several acral chilblain-like skin lesions (CBLL) were observed in young patients with suspected, but mostly unconfirmed, infection with SARS-CoV-2. The histopathological aspect of these lesions is as yet poorly known. To investigate the pathologic features of CBLL. Biopsies were obtained from 17 cases of CBLL during the COVID-19 pandemic in France and were studied by routine histological examination, immunohistochemistry and direct immunofluorescence (DIF). The patients had suspected but unconfirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 (negative nasopharyngeal PCR test and serological tests). CBLL showed many features with those reported in idiopathic (IC) and auto-immune related chilblains (AC), including epidermal necrotic keratinocytes, dermal edema, perivascular and perieccrine sweat gland lymphocytic (predominantly CD3/CD4+) inflammation and frequent vascular changes (endothelialitis, microthromboses, fibrin deposition, immunoreactant deposits on vessels). CBLL show similar histopathologic features with IC and AC, with a rather high rate of vascular changes and DIF positivity. The role of SARS-CoV-2 in the development of these puzzling lesions remains to be elucidated."}, {"pmid": 32355132, "pmcid": "PMC7219833", "title": "Home Surgical Skill Training Resources for Obstetrics and Gynecology Trainees During a Pandemic.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Hoopes, Sarah", "Pham, Truce", "Lindo, Fiona M", "Antosh, Danielle D"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355132", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a unique educational circumstance in which medical students, residents, and fellows find themselves with a gap in their surgical training. We reviewed the literature, and nine categories of resources were identified that may benefit trainees in preventing skill decay: laparoscopic box trainers, virtual reality trainers, homemade simulation models, video games, online surgical simulations, webinars, surgical videos, smartphone applications, and hobbies including mental imagery. We report data regarding effectiveness, limitations, skills incorporated, cost, accessibility, and feasibility. Although the cost and accessibility of these resources vary, they all may be considered in the design of remote surgical training curricula during this unprecedented time of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32479412, "title": "Suitability and Sufficiency of telehealth clinician-observed participant-collected samples for SARS-CoV2 testing: the iCollect Cohort Pilot Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Guest, Jodie L", "Sullivan, Patrick S", "Valentine-Graves, Mariah", "Valencia, Rachel", "Adam, Elizabeth", "Luisi, Nicole", "Nakano, Mariko", "Guarner, Jeannette", "Del Rio, Carlos", "Sailey, Charles", "Goedecke, Zoe", "Siegler, Aaron J", "Sanchez, Travis H"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479412", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic calls for expanded opportunities for testing, including novel testing strategies like participant-collected specimens. We aimed to understand whether oropharyngeal swab (OPS), saliva and dried blood spot (DBS) specimens participant-collected at home and mailed to a laboratory were sufficient for use in diagnostic and serology tests. Eligible participants were consented online and mailed a participant-collection kit to support collection of three specimens for SARS-CoV-2 testing; saliva, OPS, and DBS. Participants performed specimen collection while clinical observers watched through a telehealth video appointment and documented the suitability of the collection. The biological sufficiency of specimens for detection of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR and serology testing was assessed by laboratorians using visual inspection and quantification of nucleic acid content of samples by RNase P measurements. One hundred and fifty-three participants returned their kits and are included in this analysis (out of 159 enrolled (96%). All attended their video appointments. Clinical observers assessed that, of the samples collected, 96% of saliva, 97% of OPS and 93% of the DBS samples were of sufficient quality for submission for laboratory testing; 100% OPS and 99% of saliva had Ct values RNase P <30, indicating sufficient nucleic acid for RNA-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2. These pilot data indicate that most participant-collected OPS, saliva and DBS specimens are suitable and sufficient for testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and serology. Clinical observers rated the collection of specimens as suitable for testing and visual and quantitative laboratory assessment indicated that specimens were biologically sufficient. These data support the utility of participant-collected and mailed-in specimens for SARS-CoV-2.  RR2-10.2196/19054."}, {"pmid": 32232429, "pmcid": "PMC7184489", "title": "Computed Tomographic Imaging of 3 Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia With Negative Virus Real-time Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Test.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xu, Junqing", "Wu, Ruodai", "Huang, Hua", "Zheng, Weidong", "Ren, Xinling", "Wu, Nashan", "Ji, Bin", "Lv, Yungang", "Liu, Yumeng", "Mi, Rui"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232429", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We reported computed tomographic (CT) imaging findings of 3 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia with initially negative results before CT examination and finally confirmed positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay."}, {"pmid": 32255491, "title": "ACE2 the Janus-faced protein - from cardiovascular protection to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Sci (Lond)", "authors": ["Touyz, Rhian M", "Li, Hongliang", "Delles, Christian"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255491", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the major enzyme responsible for conversion of Ang II into Ang-(1-7). It also acts as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2, which causes Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19. In recognition of the importance of ACE2 and to celebrate 20 years since its discovery, the journal will publish a focused issue on the basic science and (patho)physiological role of this multifunctional protein."}, {"pmid": 32317784, "title": "'Closing borders is ridiculous': the epidemiologist behind Sweden's controversial coronavirus strategy.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Paterlini, Marta"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317784", "countries": ["Sweden"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452195, "title": "COVID-19 and pregnancy - where are we now? A review.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Rajewska, Aleksandra", "Mikolajek-Bedner, Wioletta", "Lebdowicz-Knul, Joanna", "Sokolowska, Malgorzata", "Kwiatkowski, Sebastian", "Torbe, Andrzej"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452195", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new acute respiratory disease severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly contagious. It has caused many deaths, despite a relatively low general case fatality rate (CFR). The most common early manifestations of infection are fever, cough, fatigue and myalgia. The diagnosis is based on the exposure history, clinical manifestation, laboratory test results, chest computed tomography (CT) findings and a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on pregnancy is not already clear. There is no evidence that pregnant women are more susceptible than the general population. In the third trimester, COVID-19 can cause premature rupture of membranes, premature labour and fetal distress. There are no data on complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection before the third trimester. COVID-19 infection is an indication for delivery if necessary to improve maternal oxygenation. Decision on delivery mode should be individualised. Vertical transmission of coronavirus from the pregnant woman to the fetus has not been proven. As the virus is absent in breast milk, the experts encourage breastfeeding for neonatal acquisition of protective antibodies."}, {"pmid": 32389423, "pmcid": "PMC7196531", "title": "Acute ischemic stroke complicating common carotid artery thrombosis during a severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Viguier, Alain", "Delamarre, Louis", "Duplantier, Julien", "Olivot, Jean-Marc", "Bonneville, Fabrice"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389423", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387246, "pmcid": "PMC7199677", "title": "Recognizing COVID-19-related myocarditis: The possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Siripanthong, Bhurint", "Nazarian, Saman", "Muser, Daniele", "Deo, Rajat", "Santangeli, Pasquale", "Khanji, Mohammed Y", "Cooper, Leslie T Jr", "Chahal, C Anwar A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387246", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronavirus-associated myocarditis is known, and a number of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)-related myocarditis cases have been reported. The pathophysiology of COVID-19-related myocarditis is thought to be a combination of direct viral injury and cardiac damage due to the host's immune response. COVID-19 myocarditis diagnosis should be guided by insights from previous coronavirus and other myocarditis experience. The clinical findings include changes in electrocardiogram and cardiac biomarkers, and impaired cardiac function. When cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is not feasible, cardiac computed tomographic angiography with delayed myocardial imaging may serve to exclude significant coronary artery disease and identify myocardial inflammatory patterns. Because many COVID-19 patients have cardiovascular comorbidities, myocardial infarction should be considered. If the diagnosis remains uncertain, an endomyocardial biopsy may help identify active cardiac infection through viral genome amplification and possibly refine the treatment risks of systemic immunosuppression. Arrhythmias are not uncommon in COVID-19 patients, but the pathophysiology is still speculative. Nevertheless, clinicians should be vigilant to provide prompt monitoring and treatment. The long-term impact of COVID-19 myocarditis, including the majority of mild cases, remains unknown."}, {"pmid": 32474883, "pmcid": "PMC7260460", "title": "Switching to teleconsultation for rheumatology in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic: feasibility and patient response in India.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Shenoy, Padmanabha", "Ahmed, Sakir", "Paul, Aby", "Skaria, Teny Grace", "Joby, Joel", "Alias, Bazil"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474883", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergent COVID-19 pandemic dictates an urgent switch to teleconsultation. India has high patient to rheumatologist ratio, and patients have limited concepts about telemedicine. Thus, we attempted to find the feasibility and acceptance of patients in switching to teleconsultation. The CARE rheumatology clinic at Kerala, India, caters to average 170 (range: 140-240) patients per day. Patients with prefixed appointments had two-level screening for eligibility for teleconsultation. Those eligible were given the option for teleconsultation on the widely available WhatsApp app. Of those who completed teleconsultations, 100 were chosen at random to provide feedback. In the first 7\u00a0days, out of 1469 appointments, 975 were found eligible for teleconsultation. Of these, 723 (74%) opted for it. The average footfall in the clinic was reduced to 67 (range 29-117). The proportion of patients accepting teleconsultations increased with time. Amongst\u00a0the 100 respondents, median satisfaction was 9 (IQR 8-10) and recommendation for continuing was 9.5 (IQR 8-10) on a 0-10 scale. Multivariate analysis showed the recommendation score was dependent on beliefs about social distancing, perceptions about clinical examination, and the satisfaction score of the first teleconsultation. Age, sex, availability of personal video conferencing app or of vehicles did not independently influence this score. Without teleconsultation facilities, three-fourths of the respondents would have stopped drugs or self-medicated. The switch was feasible and accepted by patients. It enabled quick reduction in the number of persons travelling to the centre. Not making the switch could have deprived approximately three-quarters of these patients of proper medical care.Key Points\u2022 Patient to rheumatologist ratios in India is heavily skewed and awareness about telemedicine is limited.\u2022 Switch to telemedicine was feasible and allowed a decrease in the number of people attending the clinic.\u2022 Not switching could have lead to disruption of care or self-medication in a majority of patients."}, {"pmid": 32344420, "title": "Telenephrology with Remote Peritoneal Dialysis Monitoring during Coronavirus Disease 19.", "journal": "Am J Nephrol", "authors": ["El Shamy, Osama", "Tran, Ha", "Sharma, Shuchita", "Ronco, Claudio", "Narayanan, Mohanram", "Uribarri, Jaime"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344420", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340654, "title": "On the Pharmacy Radar: COViD-19 and Older People.", "journal": "Sr Care Pharm", "authors": ["Alderman, Chris"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340654", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic presents many medical and social issues for older people. Presented here is a range of information arising from related areas that have impact upon the safety and efficacy of drug therapy in the context of COVID-19. Issues include pharmacy practice, clinical therapeutics, and possible new treatments for the virus. More information will be published in coming issues of The Senior Care Pharmacist."}, {"pmid": 32277475, "pmcid": "PMC7262215", "title": "Staying in a Burning House: Perks and Perils of a Hotline in the Times of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Navarrete-Reyes, Ana Patricia", "Avila-Funes, Jose Alberto"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277475", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336802, "pmcid": "PMC7174817", "title": "[Fix the Supply Side! Demand Stimulus Will Not Cure What Ails].", "journal": "Wirtschaftsdienst", "authors": ["Fritsche, Jan Philipp", "Harms, Patrick Christian"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336802", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The explosion of Covid-19 cases is looming in Germany. The German Society for Epidemiology has warned that the number of cases could soon overshoot the capacity of the healthcare system. This may be true even if Germany follows the 'flatten-the-curve'- approach to reduce infection rates. A suppression of the virus remains the best solution for the crisis. Supply will suffer as long the virus persists. Until then, demand side measures will not cure the epidemic. Coordinated measures for business that ensure compliance and European debt instruments may be part of a strategy to solve the crisis."}, {"pmid": 32354360, "pmcid": "PMC7192564", "title": "Clinical course and outcome of 107 patients infected with the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, discharged from two hospitals in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Wang, Dawei", "Yin, Yimei", "Hu, Chang", "Liu, Xing", "Zhang, Xingguo", "Zhou, Shuliang", "Jian, Mingzhi", "Xu, Haibo", "Prowle, John", "Hu, Bo", "Li, Yirong", "Peng, Zhiyong"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354360", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was reported from Wuhan, China. Information on the clinical course and prognosis of COVID-19 was not thoroughly described. We described the clinical courses and prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Retrospective case series of COVID-19 patients from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in Wuhan and Xishui Hospital, Hubei Province, China, up to February 10, 2020. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical data were collected. The clinical course of survivors and non-survivors were compared. Risk factors for death were analyzed. A total of 107 discharged patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. The clinical course of COVID-19 presented as a tri-phasic pattern. Week 1 after illness onset was characterized by fever, cough, dyspnea, lymphopenia, and radiological multi-lobar pulmonary infiltrates. In severe cases, thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury, acute myocardial injury, and adult respiratory distress syndrome were observed. During week 2, in mild cases, fever, cough, and systemic symptoms began to resolve and platelet count rose to normal range, but lymphopenia persisted. In severe cases, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and deteriorating multi-organ dysfunction were dominant. By week 3, mild cases had clinically resolved except for lymphopenia. However, severe cases showed persistent lymphopenia, severe acute respiratory dyspnea syndrome, refractory shock, anuric acute kidney injury, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, and death. Older age and male sex were independent risk factors for poor outcome of the illness. A period of 7-13\u2009days after illness onset is the critical stage in the COVID-19 course. Age and male gender were independent risk factors for death of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32222587, "pmcid": "PMC7152895", "title": "Preparing for the COVID-19 Pandemic: Our Experience in New York.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Hasan, Zubair", "Narasimhan, Mangala"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222587", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529837, "title": "Fire, disease and fear: Effects of the media coverage of 2019-2020 Australian bushfires and novel coronavirus 2019 on population mental health.", "journal": "Aust N Z J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Looi, Jeffrey Cl", "Allison, Stephen", "Bastiampillai, Tarun", "Maguire, Paul"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529837", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343395, "pmcid": "PMC7267373", "title": "Typically Atypical: COVID-19 Presenting as a Fall in an Older Adult.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Norman, Richard E", "Stall, Nathan M", "Sinha, Samir K"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343395", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426877, "title": "Metastatic melanoma treatment with checkpoint inhibitors in the COVID-19 era: experience from an Italian Skin Cancer Unit.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Quaglino, P", "Fava, P", "Brizio, M", "Marra, E", "Rubatto, M", "Agostini, A", "Tonella, L", "Ribero, S", "Fierro, M T"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426877", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441788, "title": "Pandemic Palliative Care Consultations Spanning State and Institutional Borders.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Nakagawa, Shunichi", "Berlin, Ana", "Widera, Eric", "Periyakoil, Vyjeyanthi S", "Smith, Alexander K", "Blinderman, Craig D"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441788", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many critically ill patients with COVID-19 need specialty level palliative care to manage symptoms, conduct goals of care conversations, and facilitate medical decision making in ethically and emotionally charged situations. During the apex of the COVID-19 crisis in New York, the Adult Palliative Care Service at Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)/NewYork-Presbyterian (NYP) received a 7-fold increase in consultation requests. This unprecedented increase in demand outpaced the palliative care team's ability to respond. We describe the rapid development and implementation of a scalable virtual consultation model staffed by out-of-state palliative care specialist volunteers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32248675, "title": "Critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Hong Kong: a multicentre retrospective observational cohort study", "journal": "Crit Care Resusc", "authors": ["Ling, Lowell", "So, Christina", "Shum, Hoi Ping", "Chan, Paul K S", "Lai, Christopher K C", "Kandamby, Darshana H", "Ho, Eunise", "So, Dominic", "Yan, Wing Wa", "Lui, Grace", "Leung, Wai Shing", "Chan, Man Chun", "Gomersall, Charles D"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248675", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report the first eight cases of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hong Kong, describing the treatments and supportive care they received and their 28-day outcomes. Multicentre retrospective observational cohort study. Three multidisciplinary intensive care units (ICUs) in Hong Kong. All adult critically ill patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to ICUs in Hong Kong between 22 January and 11 February 2020. 28-day mortality. Eight out of 49 patients with COVID-19 (16%) were admitted to Hong Kong ICUs during the study period. The median age was 64.5 years (range, 42\u201370) with a median admission Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of 6 (IQR, 4\u20137). Six patients (75%) required mechanical ventilation, six patients (75%) required vasopressors and two (25%) required renal replacement therapy. None of the patients required prone ventilation, nitric oxide or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The median times to shock reversal and extubation were 9 and 11 days respectively. At 28 days, one patient (12%) had died and the remaining seven (88%) all survived to ICU discharge. Only one of the survivors (14%) still required oxygen at 28 days. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 often require a moderate duration of mechanical ventilation and vasopressor support. Most of these patients recover and survive to ICU discharge with supportive care using lung protective ventilation strategies, avoiding excess fluids, screening and treating bacterial co-infection, and timely intubation. Lower rather than upper respiratory tract viral burden correlates with clinical severity of illness."}, {"pmid": 32466979, "pmcid": "PMC7205720", "title": "Radiology in times of dystopia and black swans: reflections during the COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Radiologia", "authors": ["Garcia-Figueiras, R", "Baleato-Gonzalez, S"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353191, "pmcid": "PMC7267349", "title": "Response to \"Dose Rationale for Favipiravir Use in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2\".", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Du, Yin-Xiao", "Chen, Xiao-Ping"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353191", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199083, "pmcid": "PMC7104264", "title": "The resilience of the Spanish health system against the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Legido-Quigley, Helena", "Mateos-Garcia, Jose Tomas", "Campos, Vanesa Regulez", "Gea-Sanchez, Montserrat", "Muntaner, Carles", "McKee, Martin"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199083", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495913, "title": "Severe acute dried gangrene in COVID-19 infection: a case report.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Novara, E", "Molinaro, E", "Benedetti, I", "Bonometti, R", "Lauritano, E C", "Boverio, R"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495913", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related coagulopathy may be the first clinical manifestation even in non-vasculopathic patients and is often associated with worse clinical outcomes. A 78 years old woman was admitted to the Emergency Unit with respiratory symptoms, confusion and cyanosis at the extremity, in particular at the nose area, hands and feet fingers. A nasal swab for COVID-19 was performed, which resulted positive, and so therapy with doxycycline, hydroxychloroquine and antiviral agents was started. At admission, the patient was hemodynamically unstable requiring circulatory support with liquids and norepinephrine; laboratory tests showed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). During hospitalization, the clinical condition worsened and the cyanosis of the nose, fingers, and toes rapidly increased and became dried gangrene in three days. Subsequently, the neurological state deteriorated into a coma and the patient died. In severe cases, COVID-19 could be complicated by acute respiratory disease syndrome, septic shock, and multi-organ failure. This case report shows the quick development of dried gangrene in a non-vasculopathic patient, as a consequence of COVID-19's coagulopathy and DIC. In our patient, COVID-19 related coagulopathy was associated with poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32446595, "pmcid": "PMC7198174", "title": "[Impact of COVID-19 on mortality in the autonomous community of Castilla y Leon (Spain)].", "journal": "Gac Sanit", "authors": ["Ochoa Sangrador, Carlos", "Garmendia Leiza, Jose Ramon", "Perez Boillos, Maria Jose", "Pastrana Ara, Fernando", "Lorenzo Lobato, Maria Del Pilar", "Andres de Llano, Jesus Maria"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446595", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To estimate the increase in mortality associated with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic in the autonomous community of Castilla y Le\u00f3n (Spain). Ecological study based on population and death data for the months of March 2016 to 2020 in Castilla y Le\u00f3n. The general and provincial standardized rates, the relative risks of the year 2020 with respect to previous years and the risks adjusted by sex, periods and province, using Poisson regression, were calculated. Trend analysis was performed using joinpoint linear regression. An increase in mortality was observed in March 2020 with respect to previous years, with an increase of 39% for men (relative risk [RR]: 1.39; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.32-1.47) and 28% for women (RR: 1.28; 95%CI: 1.21-1.35). The model predicts excess mortality of 775 deaths. In the trend analysis there is a significant turning point in 2019 in men, globally and for almost all provinces. The increase in mortality is general, although heterogeneous by sex, age group and province. Although the observed increase in mortality cannot be totally attributed to the disease, it is the best estimate we have of the real impact on deaths directly or indirectly related to it. The number of declared deaths only reaches two thirds of the increase in mortality observed."}, {"pmid": 32112886, "pmcid": "PMC7102527", "title": "Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Tian, Sijia", "Hu, Nan", "Lou, Jing", "Chen, Kun", "Kang, Xuqin", "Xiang, Zhenjun", "Chen, Hui", "Wang, Dali", "Liu, Ning", "Liu, Dong", "Chen, Gang", "Zhang, Yongliang", "Li, Dou", "Li, Jianren", "Lian, Huixin", "Niu, Shengmei", "Zhang, Luxi", "Zhang, Jinjun"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112886", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first case of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection pneumonia was detected in Wuhan, China, a series of confirmed cases of the COVID-19 were found in Beijing. We analyzed the data of 262 confirmed cases to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Beijing. We collected patients who were transferred by Beijing Emergency Medical Service to the designated hospitals. The information on demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory test for the COVID-19 virus, diagnostic classification, cluster case and outcome were obtained. Furthermore we compared the characteristics between severe and common confirmed cases which including mild cases, no-pneumonia cases and asymptomatic cases, and we also compared the features between COVID-19 and 2003 SARS. By Feb 10, 2020, 262 patients were transferred from the hospitals across Beijing to the designated hospitals for special treatment of the COVID-19 infected by Beijing emergency medical service. Among of 262 patients, 46 (17.6%) were severe cases, 216 (82.4%) were common cases, which including 192 (73.3%) mild cases, 11(4.2%) non-pneumonia cases and 13 (5.0%) asymptomatic cases respectively. The median age of patients was 47.5 years old and 48.5% were male. 192 (73.3%) patients were residents of Beijing, 50 (26.0%) of which had been to Wuhan, 116 (60.4%) had close contact with confirmed cases, 21 (10.9%) had no contact history. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (82.1%), cough (45.8%), fatigue (26.3%), dyspnea (6.9%) and headache (6.5%). The median incubation period was 6.7 days, the interval time from between illness onset and seeing a doctor was 4.5 days. As of Feb 10, 17.2% patients have discharged and 81.7% patients remain in hospital in our study, the fatality of COVID-19 infection in Beijing was 0.9%. On the basis of this study, we provided the ratio of the COVID-19 infection on the severe cases to the mild, asymptomatic and non-pneumonia cases in Beijing. Population was generally susceptible, and with a relatively low fatality rate. The measures to prevent transmission was very successful at early stage, the next steps on the COVID-19 infection should be focused on early isolation of patients and quarantine for close contacts in families and communities in Beijing. Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Ministry of Science and Technology."}, {"pmid": 32259325, "pmcid": "PMC7262074", "title": "Strengthening the Power of Nurses in Combating COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nurs Manag", "authors": ["Zhang, Yuxia"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259325", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, several novel coronavirus infections were firstly reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China, and the outbreak is quickly expanding locally and globally. World Health Organization (World Health Organization, 2020a) announced the coronavirus epidemic as an \"International Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)\" on January 30, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32299994, "title": "Vets would not manage Covid-19 this way.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Sibley, Dick", "Brownlie, Joe"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299994", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There needs to be a more effective and sustainable strategy to manage Covid-19 than the current economically ruinous policy, argue vets Dick Sibley and Joe Brownlie."}, {"pmid": 32515358, "title": "Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA identified in Eastern India: Possible implications for the ongoing outbreak in India and impact on viral structure and host susceptibility.", "journal": "J Biosci", "authors": ["Maitra, Arindam", "Sarkar, Mamta Chawla", "Raheja, Harsha", "Biswas, Nidhan K", "Chakraborti, Sohini", "Singh, Animesh Kumar", "Ghosh, Shekhar", "Sarkar, Sumanta", "Patra, Subrata", "Mondal, Rajiv Kumar", "Ghosh, Trinath", "Chatterjee, Ananya", "Banu, Hasina", "Majumdar, Agniva", "Chinnaswamy, Sreedhar", "Srinivasan, Narayanaswamy", "Dutta, Shanta", "DAS, Saumitra"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515358", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Direct massively parallel sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genome was undertaken from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples of infected individuals in Eastern India. Seven of the isolates belonged to the A2a clade, while one belonged to the B4 clade. Specific mutations, characteristic of the A2a clade, were also detected, which included the P323L in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and D614G in the Spike glycoprotein. Further, our data revealed emergence of novel subclones harbouring nonsynonymous mutations, viz. G1124V in Spike (S) protein, R203K, and G204R in the nucleocapsid (N) protein. The N protein mutations reside in the SR-rich region involved in viral capsid formation and the S protein mutation is in the S2 domain, which is involved in triggering viral fusion with the host cell membrane. Interesting correlation was observed between these mutations and travel or contact history of COVID-19 positive cases. Consequent alterations of miRNA binding and structure were also predicted for these mutations. More importantly, the possible implications of mutation D614G (in SD domain) and G1124V (in S2 subunit) on the structural stability of S protein have also been discussed. Results report for the first time a bird's eye view on the accumulation of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genome in Eastern India."}, {"pmid": 32216110, "title": "Gastrointestinal endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Ang, Tiing Leong"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216110", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490891, "title": "The role of Angiology and Vascular Surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Col Bras Cir", "authors": ["Barros, Bernardo Cunha Senra", "Maia, Aline Barbosa", "Marques, Marcos Areas", "Prette-Junior, Paulo Roberto", "Fiorelli, Stenio Karlos Alvim", "Cerqueira, Fernanda DE Castro"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490891", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The New Coronavirus Epidemic (2019-nCoV), discovered in the city of Wuhan, China, in December 2019, presents mainly with pulmonary pneumonia that is preceded by fever, cough and myalgia. However, as the disease spread globally and the number of hospitalizations increased exponentially, it was noted that most serious patients hospitalized by COVID-19 have laboratory changes worthy of attention, such as lymphopenia, neutrophilia, increased time of prothrombin and increased levels of D-dimer. Due to these changes proving to be crucial for the mortality and morbidity rates in this subset of infected people, several studies focusing on the pathophysiology, mainly hematological, of the disease appear every day. Deepening these studies, several published works have shown SarsCoV-2 infection to the installation of a prothrombotic state in hospitalized patients, which leads to the potential occurrence of thrombotic or arterial events in this cohort. Thus, in order to understand how the departments of Angiology and Vascular Surgery are acting in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this work aims to gather studies that reveal from protocols applied in vascular services in the current situation, until to the role of vascular surgeons and angiologists in the clinical and surgical management of patients infected or not, as a way of helping and clarifying this specialty during the context of a pandemic due to the new coranavirus. For the selection of works, the following search criteria were used: \"Coronavirus and venous thrombosis\", \"Coronavirus and thrombosis\", \"COVID-19 and venous thrombosis\" and \"COVID-19 Coronavirus and thrombosis\"."}, {"pmid": 32273432, "title": "PDA Responds to the Novel Coronavirus Situation.", "journal": "PDA J Pharm Sci Technol", "authors": ["Johnson, Richard M"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273432", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489160, "title": "Severe Complicated Influenza Declined During the Prevention of COVID-19 in Taiwan.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Yang, Chih-Jen", "Chen, Tun-Chieh", "Kuo, Shin-Huei", "Hsieh, Min-Han", "Chen, Yen-Hsu"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489160", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388843, "title": "[Psychiatry and the covid-19 crisis].", "journal": "Tijdschr Psychiatr", "authors": ["Van, H L", "Dom, G"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388843", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413112, "pmcid": "PMC7229521", "title": "Comparison of Estimated Rates of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Border Counties in Iowa Without a Stay-at-Home Order and Border Counties in Illinois With a Stay-at-Home Order.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Lyu, Wei", "Wehby, George L"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413112", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Iowa is 1 of 5 states in the US that have not issued a stay-at-home order during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is no empirical evidence on whether issuing a stay-at-home order in Iowa could have been associated with a reduced rate of COVID-19 infections in the state. To compare COVID-19 cases in border counties in Iowa, which did not issue a stay-at-home order, with cases in border counties in Illinois, which did issue a stay-at-home order. This cross-sectional study with a difference-in-differences design compared daily changes in COVID-19 cases per 10\u202f000 residents in 8 Iowa counties bordering Illinois with those in the 7 Illinois counties bordering Iowa before and after Illinois issued a stay-at-home order on March 21, 2020. Additional sensitivity analyses were conducted to account for differences in timing of closing schools and nonessential businesses between the 2 states and differential trends in COVID-19 cases by county population density and poverty rates. Issuing a stay-at-home order. Comparison of cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 10\u202f000 residents in border counties in Iowa and Illinois. The total populations were 462\u202f445 in the Iowa border counties and 272\u202f385 in the Illinois border counties. Population density was higher in the Iowa counties (114.2 people per square mile) than in the Illinois counties (78.2 people per square mile). Trends of cumulative COVID-19 cases per 10\u202f000 residents for the Iowa and Illinois border counties were comparable before the Illinois stay-at-home order, which went into effect at 5:00 pm on March 21 (March 15 to March 21: 0.024 per 10\u202f000 residents vs 0.026 per 10\u202f000 residents). After that, cases increased more quickly in Iowa and more slowly in Illinois. Within 10, 20, and 30 days after the enactment of the stay-at-home order in Illinois, the difference in cases was -0.51 per 10\u202f000 residents (SE, 0.09; 95% CI, -0.69 to -0.32; P\u2009<\u2009.001), -1.15 per 10\u202f000 residents (SE, 0.49; 95% CI, -2.12 to -0.18; P\u2009=\u2009.02), and -4.71 per 10\u202f000 residents (SE, 1.99; 95% CI, -8.64 to -0.78; P\u2009=\u2009.02), respectively. The estimates indicate excess cases in the border Iowa counties by as many as 217 cases after 1 month without a stay-at-home order. This estimate of excess cases represents 30.4% of the 716 total cases in those Iowa counties by that date. Sensitivity analyses addressing differences in timing of closing schools and nonessential businesses and differences in county population density and poverty rates between the 2 states supported these findings. This cross-sectional study with a difference-in-differences design found an increase in estimated rates of COVID-19 cases per 10\u202f000 residents in the border counties in Iowa compared with the border counties in Illinois following a stay-at-home order that was implemented in Illinois but not in Iowa."}, {"pmid": 32404668, "pmcid": "PMC7268841", "title": "Personal Protective Equipment and COVID-19: A Review for Surgeons.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Stewart, Camille L", "Thornblade, Lucas W", "Diamond, Don J", "Fong, Yuman", "Melstrom, Laleh G"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404668", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": There is a long history of personal protective equipment (PPE) used by the surgeon to minimize the transmission of various pathogens. In the context of the present coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic there is significant controversy as to what forms of PPE are appropriate or adequate. This review aims to describe the pathogenic mechanism and route of spread of the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, as it pertains to accumulated published data from experienced centers globally. The various forms of PPE that are both available and appropriate are addressed. There are options in the form of eyewear, gloves, masks, respirators, and gowns. The logical and practical utilization of these should be data driven and evolve based on both experience and data. Last, situations specific to surgical populations are addressed. We aim to provide granular collective data that has thus far been published and that can be used as a reference for optimal PPE choices in the perioperative setting for surgical teams."}, {"pmid": 32375016, "title": "Workforce Survival: Tracking Potential COVID-19 Exposure Amid Socioeconomic Activities Using Automatic Log-Keeping Apps.", "journal": "Popul Health Manag", "authors": ["Xia, Yang"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516867, "title": "Allocating medical resources fairly: the CSG bioethics guide.", "journal": "Salud Publica Mex", "authors": ["Macklin, Ruth"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516867", "countries": ["Mexico"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On April 12, 2020, a bioethics guide for allocating scarce hospital resources during the current Covid-19 pandemic was posted on the website of the Consejo de Salubridad General (CSG) of the Government of Mexico. The guide, entitled Gu\u00eda bio\u00e9tica para asignaci\u00f3n de recursos limitados de medicina cr\u00edtica en situaci\u00f3n de emergencia, was intended as a preliminary document, but the website posting did not describe it as a first step in the process. The publicity resulted in a wide array of comments and criticisms. That first version posted on the CSG website contained an age-based criterion for breaking a tie between two or more medically eligible patients who needed of a ventilator: younger patients would have preference over older ones. The final version of the guide eliminated that criterion and instead, relied on the leading public health principle, \"save the most lives\", without regard to personal characteristics other than the possibility of benefitting from the scarce medical resources."}, {"pmid": 32385628, "pmcid": "PMC7210099", "title": "Systematic review of the prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China: could nicotine be a therapeutic option?", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Farsalinos, Konstantinos", "Barbouni, Anastasia", "Niaura, Raymond"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385628", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effects of smoking on Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in China, considering the high-population smoking prevalence in China (26.6%). A systematic review of the literature (PubMed) was performed on April 1. Thirteen studies examining the clinical characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China and presenting data on the smoking status were found. The pooled prevalence of current smoking from all studies was calculated by random-effect meta-analysis. To address the possibility that some smokers had quit shortly before hospitalization and were classified as former smokers on admission to the hospital, we performed a secondary analysis in which all former smokers were classified as current smokers. A total of 5960 patients were included in the studies identified. The current smoking prevalence ranged from 1.4% (95% CI 0.0-3.4%) to 12.6% (95% CI 10.6-14.6%). An unusually low prevalence of current smoking was observed from the pooled analysis (6.5%, 95% CI 4.9-8.2%) as compared to population smoking prevalence in China. The secondary analysis, classifying former smokers as current smokers, found a pooled estimate of 7.3% (95% CI 5.7-8.9%). In conclusion, an unexpectedly low prevalence of current smoking was observed among patients with COVID-19 in China, which was approximately 1/4th the population smoking prevalence. Although the generalized advice to quit smoking as a measure to reduce health risk remains valid, the findings, together with the well-established immunomodulatory effects of nicotine, suggest that pharmaceutical nicotine should be considered as a potential treatment option in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32473657, "pmcid": "PMC7255735", "title": "Description of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: a single-centre, prospective cohort.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Vizcarra, Pilar", "Perez-Elias, Maria J", "Quereda, Carmen", "Moreno, Ana", "Vivancos, Maria J", "Dronda, Fernando", "Casado, Jose L"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473657", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Information about incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of HIV-infected individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is scarce. We characterised individuals with COVID-19 among a cohort of HIV-infected adults in Madrid. In this observational prospective study, we included all consecutive HIV-infected individuals (aged \u226518 years) who had suspected or confirmed COVID-19 as of April 30, 2020, at the Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal (Madrid, Spain). We compared the characteristics of HIV-infected individuals with COVID-19 with a sample of HIV-infected individuals assessed before the COVID-19 pandemic, and described the outcomes of individuals with COVID-19. 51 HIV-infected individuals were diagnosed with COVID-19 (incidence 1\u00b78%, 95% CI 1\u00b73-2\u00b73). Mean age of patients was 53\u00b73 years (SD 9\u00b75); eight (16%) were women, and 43 (84%) men. 35 (69%) cases of co-infection had laboratory confirmed COVID-19, and 28 (55%) required hospital admission. Age and CD4 cell counts in 51 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were similar to those in 1288 HIV-infected individuals without; however, 32 (63%) with COVID-19 had at least one comorbidity (mostly hypertension and diabetes) compared with 495 (38%) without COVID-19 (p=0\u00b700059). 37 (73%) patients had received tenofovir before COVID-19 diagnosis compared with 487 (38%) of those without COVID-19 (p=0\u00b70036); 11 (22%) in the COVID-19 group had previous protease inhibitor use (mostly darunavir) compared with 175 (14%; p=0\u00b7578). Clinical, analytical, and radiological presentation of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals was similar to that described in the general population. Six (12%) individuals were critically ill, two of whom had CD4 counts of less than 200 cells per \u03bcL, and two (4%) died. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR remained positive after a median of 40 days from symptoms onset in six (32%) individuals, four of whom had severe disease or low nadir CD4 cell counts. HIV-infected individuals should not be considered to be protected from SARS-CoV-2 infection or to have lower risk of severe disease. Generally, they should receive the same treatment approach applied to the general population. None."}, {"pmid": 32291376, "title": "Clinical Progression of COVID-19 Patient with Extended Incubation Period, Delayed RT-PCR Time-to-positivity, and Potential Role of Chest CT-scan.", "journal": "Acta Med Indones", "authors": ["Burhan, Erlina", "Prasenohadi, Prasenohadi", "Rogayah, Rita", "Isbaniyah, Fathiyah", "Reisa, Tina", "Dharmawan, Ibrahim"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291376", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), previously called 2019-nCoV, is a novel disease caused by SARS- CoV-2 which was first identified as outbreak of unknown respiratory illness in Wuhan, China. COVID- 19 was declared as global health emergency by WHO on March 11, 2020 and quickly elevated to global pandemic on 11 March 2020. COVID-19 symptom is highly various in each patient, with fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, and cough as the main presenting symptoms. Patient with COVID-19 may shows severe symptom with severe pneumonia and ARDS, mild symptom resembling simple upper respiration tract infection, or even completely asymptomatic. Approximately 80% of cases is mild. However the number may changes as more people are getting tested. Some experts are estimating that up to 50% of all cases may be asymptomatic carrier."}, {"pmid": 32397700, "title": "[Analysis of application of herd immunity as a control strategy for COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wu, Z Y"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397700", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus spreads very fast and is not easy to control. It has spread over 200 countries or territories. China has taken action to implement containment strategies, including active COVID-19 case finding, tracing, and 14-day quarantine of close contacts, and home isolation of 1.39 billion of people countywide for at least 2 weeks, etc. The combination of these strategies has brought the epidemic under control in China. The United Kingdom had deliberately not implemented containment measures for a while, instead opting to allow herd immunity strategy to develop over time. This is a \"do-nothing\" strategy whereby the virus is allowed to move through communities naturally until certain proportion of people has been infected, and the epidemic ends without intervention. The author assesses containment strategies versus this herd immunity strategy in real-world application to the COVID-19 epidemic. The author suggests an innovative strategy to balance controlling the epidemic and preventing impediment to economic and social development."}, {"pmid": 32489804, "pmcid": "PMC7218761", "title": "World Heart Federation Briefing on Prevention: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Low-Income Countries.", "journal": "Glob Heart", "authors": ["Thienemann, Friedrich", "Pinto, Fausto", "Grobbee, Diederick E", "Boehm, Michael", "Bazargani, Nooshin", "Ge, Junbo", "Sliwa, Karen"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489804", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the novel coronavirus Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak started in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province in China. Since then it has spread to many other regions, including low-income countries."}, {"pmid": 32458192, "pmcid": "PMC7249981", "title": "Post-infectious Guillain-Barre syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Riva, Nilo", "Russo, Tommaso", "Falzone, Yuri Matteo", "Strollo, Marta", "Amadio, Stefano", "Del Carro, Ubaldo", "Locatelli, Massimo", "Filippi, Massimo", "Fazio, Raffaella"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458192", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286675, "title": "Covid-19 and Post Intensive Care Syndrome: A Call for Action.", "journal": "J Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Stam, Henk J", "Stucki, Gerold", "Bickenbach, Jerome"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although we are currently overwhelmed by the astonishing speed of infection of the Covid-19 pandemic, and the daily onslaught of new, and ever-worsening predictions, it is vital that we begin to prepare for the aftershocks of the pandemic. Prominent among this will be the cohort of post-intensive case survivors who have been mechanically ventilated and will like experience short- and medium-term consequences. The notion that patients surviving intensive care and mechanical ventilation for several weeks can be discharged home without further medical attention is a dangerous illusion. Post Intensive Care Syndrome and other severe conditions will require not only adequate screening but early rehabilitation and other interventions. Action must be taken now to prepare for this inevitable aftershock to the healthcare system."}, {"pmid": 32303522, "title": "Athletes as community; athletes in community: covid-19, sporting mega-events and athlete health protection.", "journal": "Br J Sports Med", "authors": ["Mann, Robert H", "Clift, Bryan C", "Boykoff, Jules", "Bekker, Sheree"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303522", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434756, "title": "Covid-19: Experts urge strategies to prevent further outbreaks in care homes.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Griffin, Shaun"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434756", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273284, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors and nurses donate samples to study disease.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273284", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530585, "title": "New-Onset Diabetes in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubino, Francesco", "Amiel, Stephanie A", "Zimmet, Paul", "Alberti, George", "Bornstein, Stefan", "Eckel, Robert H", "Mingrone, Geltrude", "Boehm, Bernhard", "Cooper, Mark E", "Chai, Zhonglin", "Del Prato, Stefano", "Ji, Linong", "Hopkins, David", "Herman, William H", "Khunti, Kamlesh", "Mbanya, Jean-Claude", "Renard, Eric"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530585", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249075, "pmcid": "PMC7138190", "title": "Perioperative Echocardiography: Key Considerations During the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32154287, "pmcid": "PMC7036629", "title": "Chinese expert consensus on the perinatal and neonatal management for the prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (First edition).", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Wang, Laishuan", "Shi, Yuan", "Xiao, Tiantian", "Fu, Jianhua", "Feng, Xing", "Mu, Dezhi", "Feng, Qi", "Hei, Mingyan", "Hu, Xiaojing", "Li, Zhankui", "Lu, Guoping", "Tang, Zezhong", "Wang, Yajuan", "Wang, Chuanqing", "Xia, Shiwen", "Xu, Jianqing", "Yang, Yujia", "Yang, Jie", "Zeng, Mei", "Zheng, Jun", "Zhou, Wei", "Zhou, Xiaoyu", "Zhou, Xiaoguang", "Du, Lizhong", "Lee, Shoo K", "Zhou, Wenhao"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32154287", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, there has been an outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in China. Two cases of neonates with positive 2019-nCoV tests have been reported. Due to the immature immune system and the possibility of vertical transmission from mother to infant, neonates have become a high-risk group susceptible to 2019-nCoV, which emphasize a close cooperation from both perinatal and neonatal pediatrics. In neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), to prevent and control infection, there should be practical measures to ensure the optimal management of children potentially to be infected. According to the latest 2019-nCoV national management plan and the actual situation, the Chinese Neonatal 2019-nCoV expert working Group has put forward measures on the prevention and control of neonatal 2019-nCoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32220659, "pmcid": "PMC7118635", "title": "The official French guidelines to protect patients with cancer against SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["You, Benoit", "Ravaud, Alain", "Canivet, Anne", "Ganem, Gerard", "Giraud, Philippe", "Guimbaud, Rosine", "Kaluzinski, Laure", "Krakowski, Ivan", "Mayeur, Didier", "Grellety, Thomas", "Lotz, Jean-Pierre"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220659", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430302, "title": "COVID-19: Needs-led implementation and the immediate potential of remote monitoring.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Newhouse, Nikki", "Farmer, Andrew", "Whelan, Maxine E"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430302", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473537, "pmcid": "PMC7199675", "title": "Why all COVID-19 hospitals should have mental health professionals: The importance of mental health in a worldwide crisis!", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Grover, Sandeep", "Dua, Devakshi", "Sahoo, Swapnajeet", "Mehra, Aseem", "Nehra, Ritu", "Chakrabarti, Subho"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473537", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has led to a worldwide crisis. At present, everyone is focusing on the prevention of COVID-19 infection, preparing and discussing issues related to physical health consequences. However, it is important to understand that the life-threatening negative physical health consequences are going to be faced by a few, but everyone is going to face the negative mental health consequences of the pandemic. At various places COVID-19 hospitals are being established, to address the physical health consequences of the pandemic. However, mental health professionals have not been very actively involved in the management of people going through this pandemic. This viewpoint discusses the mental health consequences of the pandemic for the health care workers, people who are undergoing quarantine, people who are admitted to the COVID-19 hospitals, and those who have recovered from the infection. The article also highlights the mental health needs of people at different levels and the kind of interventions, which may be carried out."}, {"pmid": 32515793, "title": "Why, when, and how to use lung ultrasound during the COVID-19 pandemic: enthusiasm and caution.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Gargani, Luna", "Soliman-Aboumarie, Hatem", "Volpicelli, Giovanni", "Corradi, Francesco", "Pastore, Maria Concetta", "Cameli, Matteo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515793", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476394, "title": "[Otorhinolaryngological aspects of the disease course in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus].", "journal": "Vestn Otorinolaringol", "authors": ["Rusetsky, Yu Yu", "MeYtel, I Yu", "Babayan, A R", "Malyavina, U S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476394", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, almost all over the world attention of doctors and scientists is focused on a new coronavirus infection, the source of which was the causative agent SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, early diagnosis, including on the basis of symptoms from ENT organs, is crucial. A brief analysis of the available literature on the peculiarities of ENT organs manifestations in patients with SARS-CoV-2 is given. It was found out that to date there is very little data on the state of loro organs in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and no data on anosmia in the pediatric population. However, it is in children in the epidemic aspect that early diagnosis of infection and understanding of its key symptoms is of utmost importance."}, {"pmid": 32480209, "pmcid": "PMC7250744", "title": "Extubation is as important as intubation in COVID 19.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kumar, Prashant", "Sharma, Jyoti"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480209", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283004, "pmcid": "PMC7175422", "title": "Universal Screening for SARS-CoV-2 in Women Admitted for Delivery.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Sutton, Desmond", "Fuchs, Karin", "D'Alton, Mary", "Goffman, Dena"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391371, "pmcid": "PMC7193267", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and the Use of Chloroquine as an Antiviral Treatment.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Rebeaud, Mathieu E", "Zores, Florian"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391371", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415481, "pmcid": "PMC7225640", "title": "2019-Novel Coronavirus-Related Acute Cardiac Injury Cannot Be Ignored.", "journal": "Curr Atheroscler Rep", "authors": ["Wang, Yueying", "Roever, Leonardo", "Tse, Gary", "Liu, Tong"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415481", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has reached a pandemic status. Although SARSCoV-2 causes primarily respiratory problems, concurrent cardiac injury cannot be ignored since it may be an independent predictor for adverse outcomes. To resolve these issues, we aim to summarize the prevalence and its underlying mechanisms of acute cardiac injury in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The main clinical manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection is pneumonia, cardiovascular complications have also been identified in the earliest reported cases from Wuhan, the epicenter of the outbreak. Given the SARS-CoV-2 likely uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors as its host receptor, ACE2-related signaling pathways may play a key role in mediating myocardial injury. SARS-CoV-2 infection related acute cardiac injury cannot be ignored, and its underlying mechanisms remain speculated. We would suggest that health professionals investigate cardiac function as part of the routine care."}, {"pmid": 32332185, "title": "Care for adult non-ICU Covid-19 patients: early experiences from a Belgian tertiary care centre.", "journal": "Neth J Med", "authors": ["van Halem, K", "Cox, J", "Messiaen, P", "Pat, K", "Declercq, C", "Meersman, A", "Ramaekers, D", "Cartuyvels, R", "van der Hilst, J"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332185", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current Covid-19 outbreak poses many challenges on hospital organisation and patient care. Our hospital lies at the epicentre of the Belgian epidemic. On April 1st, a total of 235 Covid-19 patients had been admitted to our hospital. This demanded an unprecedented adaptation of our hospital organisation, and we have met many clinical issues in the care for Covid-19 patients. In this article, we share our experience in the handling of some of the practical and organisational issues in the care for Covid-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32246912, "pmcid": "PMC7270946", "title": "Strategic plan for management of COVID-19 in paediatric haematology and oncology departments.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["He, Yulei", "Lin, Zhi", "Tang, Daolin", "Yang, Yang", "Wang, Tianyou", "Yang, Minghua"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417305, "pmcid": "PMC7224659", "title": "The Importance of a Centralized Line Service during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Ilonzo, Nicole", "Vouyouka, Ageliki", "Han, Daniel", "Tadros, Rami", "Kim, Sung Yup", "Love, Barry", "Ting, Windsor", "Soundararajan, Krish", "Faries, Peter", "Marin, Michael", "Rao, Ajit"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417305", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408399, "title": "Psychosis in Patients in COVID-19-Related Quarantine: A Case Series.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Finatti, Francesco", "Pigato, Giorgio", "Pavan, Chiara", "Toffanin, Tommaso", "Favaro, Angela"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408399", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32105638, "pmcid": "PMC7128099", "title": "Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pan, Yang", "Zhang, Daitao", "Yang, Peng", "Poon, Leo L M", "Wang, Quanyi"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105638", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345789, "title": "COVID-19 - Considerations and Implications for Surgical Learners.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Daodu, Oluwatomilayo", "Panda, Nikhil", "Lopushinsky, Steven", "Varghese, Thomas K Jr", "Brindle, Mary"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345789", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298034, "pmcid": "PMC7262169", "title": "How to avoid nosocomial spread during tracheostomy for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Xiao, Hongjun", "Zhong, Yi", "Zhang, Xiaomeng", "Cai, Fucheng", "Varvares, Mark A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298034", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392009, "title": "[COVID-19 in the Emergency Department of Bernhoven hospital].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Buenen, A G", "Wever, P C", "Borst, D P", "Slieker, K A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392009", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe disease presentation and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) of Bernhoven hospital in Uden, the Netherlands. Prospective, descriptive study. The registry focused on atypical symptoms and co-infections. We hypothesized that patients older than 70 years more often have atypical symptoms. The number of co-infections is unknown. Therefore, we prospectively registered medical history, duration of symptoms, symptoms, temperature, lab results and co-infections of patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the period March 4-16th. The clinical characteristics of 107 patients were registered. The average age was 71 years and 41% was female. The median duration of symptoms was 5 days. 19% of patients had not been referred to pulmonary or internal medicine. Symptoms were fever (78%), respiratory complaints (78%), chest pain (28%), abdominal pain (13%), and diarrhea (34%). In 54% of the COVID-19 patients at the ED, the temperature was \u2265 38,0\u00b0C, CRP \u2265 50 in 51%, leucocytosis in 12% and elevated LD in 61%. Of 31 patients 24 (77%) had an absolute lymphopenia. Co-infections were seen in 16% of patients. The mortality in the ED was 2% and ICU-admission 5%. On March 25th, 2020 the overall mortality was 22% and ICU-admission 15%. We have seen patients with a very serious disease resulting in a high mortality and ICU-admission. Over 35% of patient did not have the typical symptoms of fever and respiratory complaints; atypical symptoms like chest pain, abdominal pain and diarrhea are frequently seen. There is no difference between patients over and under 70 years. COVID-19 patients can present with atypical symptoms, co-infections and distributed over various medical specialties."}, {"pmid": 32475066, "title": "Two Detailed Plaque Assay Protocols for the Quantification of Infectious SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Curr Protoc Microbiol", "authors": ["Mendoza, Emelissa J", "Manguiat, Kathy", "Wood, Heidi", "Drebot, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475066", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the causal agent of COronaVIrus Disease-19 (COVID-19), an atypical pneumonia-like syndrome that emerged in December 2019. While SARS-CoV-2 titers can be measured by detection of viral nucleic acid, this method is unable to quantitate infectious virions. Measurement of infectious SARS-CoV-2 can be achieved by tissue culture infectious dose-50 (TCID50 ), which detects the presence or absence of cytopathic effect in cells infected with serial dilutions of a virus specimen. However, this method only provides a qualitative infectious virus titer. Plaque assays are a quantitative method of measuring infectious SARS-CoV-2 by quantifying the plaques formed in cell culture upon infection with serial dilutions of a virus specimen. As such, plaque assays remain the gold standard in quantifying concentrations of replication-competent lytic virions. Here, we describe two detailed plaque assay protocols to quantify infectious SARS-CoV-2 using different overlay and staining methods. Both methods have several advantages and disadvantages, which can be considered when choosing the procedure best suited for each laboratory. These assays can be used for several research purposes, including titration of virus stocks produced from infected cell supernatant and, with further optimization, quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in specimens collected from infected animals. \u00a9 2019 The Authors. Basic Protocol: SARS-CoV-2 plaque assay using a solid double overlay method Alternate Protocol: SARS-CoV-2 plaque assay using a liquid overlay and fixation-staining method."}, {"pmid": 32442308, "title": "The Clinical Features and Outcomes of Discharged Coronavirus Disease 2019 PatientsA Prospective Cohort Study.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Wang, Xingyu", "Xu, Hao", "Jiang, Haini", "Wang, Liuming", "Lu, Chao", "Wei, Xiang", "Liu, Jihong", "Xu, Shuyun"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442308", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a global pandemic but the follow-up data of discharged patients was barely described. To investigate clinical outcomes, distribution of quarantine locations, and the infection status of the contacts of COVID-19 patients after discharge. A prospective cohort study. Demographics, baseline characteristics of 131 COVID-19 patients discharged from February 3 to 21, 2020 in Wuhan, China were collected and analyzed by reviewing the medical records retrospectively. Post-hospitalization data related to clinical outcomes, quarantine locations and close contact history were obtained by following up the patients every week up to 4 weeks. 53 (40.05%) patients on discharge had cough (29.01%), fatigue (7.63%), expectoration (6.11%), chest tightness (6.11%), dyspnea (3.82%), chest pain (3.05%), and palpitation (1.53%). These symptoms constantly declined in 4 weeks post discharge. Transient fever recurred in 11 (8.4%) patients. 78 (59.5%) discharged patients underwent chest CT and 2 (1.53%) showed deterioration. 94 (71.8%) patients received SARS-CoV-2 retest and 8 (6.10%) reported positive. 7 (2.29%) patients were re-admitted because of fever or positive SARS-CoV-2 retest. 121 (92.37%) and 4 (3.05%) patients were self-quarantined at home or community spots following discharge, with totally 167 closely contacted persons free of COVID-19 at the endpoint of study. The majority of COVID-19 patients after discharge were in the course of recovery. Readmission was required in rare cases due to suspected recurrence of COVID-19. Although no contacted infection observed, appropriate self-quarantine and regular reexamination are necessary, particularly for those who have recurred symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32500721, "title": "Approach to Acute Cardiovascular Complications in COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Circ Heart Fail", "authors": ["Ranard, Lauren S", "Fried, Justin A", "Abdalla, Marwah", "Anstey, D Edmund", "Givens, Raymond C", "Kumaraiah, Deepa", "Kodali, Susheel K", "Takeda, Koji", "Karmpaliotis, Dimitri", "Rabbani, LeRoy E", "Sayer, Gabriel", "Kirtane, Ajay J", "Leon, Martin B", "Schwartz, Allan", "Uriel, Nir", "Masoumi, Amirali"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500721", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019, otherwise known as COVID-19, is a global pandemic with primary respiratory manifestations in those who are symptomatic. It has spread to more than 187 countries with a rapidly growing number of affected patients. Underlying cardiovascular disease is associated with more severe manifestations of COVID-19 and higher rates of mortality. COVID-19 can have both primary (arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, myocarditis) and secondary (myocardial injury/biomarker elevation, heart failure) cardiac involvement. In severe cases, profound circulatory failure can result. This review discusses the presentation and management of patients with severe cardiac complications of COVID-19 disease, with an emphasis on a \"Heart-Lung\" team approach in patient management. Furthermore, it focuses on the use of and indications for acute mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic and/or mixed shock."}, {"pmid": 32232977, "title": "Response to \"Comments on 'Zhang et al: Clinical trial analysis of 2019-nCoV therapy registered in China'\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Qi", "Wang, Yakun", "Qi, Changsong", "Shen, Lin", "Li, Jian"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232977", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380210, "pmcid": "PMC7198166", "title": "The impacts of viral inactivating methods on quantitative RT-PCR for COVID-19.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Wang, Yueying", "Song, Wei", "Zhao, Zuguo", "Chen, Ping", "Liu, Jian", "Li, Chende"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380210", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper aims to explore the effect of four virus inactivation methods on the rapid detection results of COVID-19 nucleic acid. Collected samples of nasopharyngeal swabs from 2 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing City, each of sample was divided into 5 groups (groupA\u223cE): A:Non-inactivated raw sample; B:75 % ethanol inactivation; C:56 \u2103 incubation for 30\u202fmin inactivation; D:65 \u2103 incubation for 10\u202fmin inactivation; E:Pre-inactivation using RNA virus special preservation fluid added into the sampling tube to treated the nasopharyngeal swab sample separately, using real-time fluorescent RT-PCR to detect the N gene of COVID-19 and the ORF1ab gene simultaneously. All the groups are diluted in 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 ratios. The objectives are to compare the effect of the varied inactivation method on CT(Cycle Threshold)results in PCR, conduct correlation and Bland-Altman analysis. For the N gene and ORF1ab gene, the CT values of 4 inactivated and Non-inactivated treatment were correlated (P\uff1c0.001). The results of the four treatment methods and specimens without inactivated treatment have shown good consistency. The treatment of nasopharyngeal swab specimens using mentioned four inactivated methods had no significant effect on the subsequent detection of the new COVID-19 nucleic acid test. Lab test-persons can flexibly adopt pre-inactivation methods to ensure the accuracy of virus nucleic acid test results, meanwhile guarantee the safety of lab test-persons."}, {"pmid": 32073213, "pmcid": "PMC7166509", "title": "Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Tang, Ning", "Li, Dengju", "Wang, Xiong", "Sun, Ziyong"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32073213", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the recent outbreak of novel coronavirus infection in Wuhan, China, significantly abnormal coagulation parameters in severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) cases were a concern. To describe the coagulation feature of patients with NCP. Conventional coagulation results and outcomes of 183 consecutive patients with confirmed NCP in Tongji hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The overall mortality was 11.5%, the non-survivors revealed significantly higher D-dimer and fibrin degradation product (FDP) levels, longer prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time compared to survivors on admission (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05); 71.4% of non-survivors and 0.6% survivors met the criteria of disseminated intravascular coagulation during their hospital stay. The present study shows that abnormal coagulation results, especially markedly elevated D-dimer and FDP are common in deaths with NCP."}, {"pmid": 32242901, "pmcid": "PMC7184344", "title": "Letter: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Global Pandemic: A Neurosurgical Treatment Algorithm.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Burke, John F", "Chan, Andrew K", "Mummaneni, Valli", "Chou, Dean", "Lobo, Errol P", "Berger, Mitchel S", "Theodosopoulos, Philip V", "Mummaneni, Praveen V"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242901", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439750, "title": "How the erosion of our public health system hobbled England's covid-19 response.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Vize, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439750", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424329, "pmcid": "PMC7232592", "title": "Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the tears of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Karimi, Saeed", "Arabi, Amir", "Shahraki, Toktam", "Safi, Sare"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424329", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since there are few reports on the ocular involvement of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, this study aimed to assess the presence of\u00a0severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the tears of patients with COVID-19. In this prospective case series, nasopharyngeal and tear sampling of 43 patients with severe COVID-19 were performed. The quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to detect SARS-CoV-2. Ocular and systemic signs and symptoms were recorded from their medical history. The mean age of patients was 56\u2009\u00b1\u200913 years. The average disease time from initiation of symptoms was 3.27 days, range: 1-7 days. Forty-one patients (95.3%) had fever at the time of sampling. Only one patient had conjunctivitis. Thirty (69.8%) nasopharyngeal and three (7%) tear samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2. The result of tear sample was positive in the patient with conjunctivitis. All patients with positive tear RT-PCR\u00a0results had positive nasopharyngeal RT-PCR\u00a0results. Ocular manifestation was rare in this series of severe COVID-19 patients, however, 7% of the patients had viral RNA in their conjunctival secretions. Therefore, possibility of ocular transmission should be considered even in the absence of ocular manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32482862, "title": "Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Ceballos, Gerardo", "Ehrlich, Paul R", "Raven, Peter H"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482862", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing sixth mass species extinction is the result of the destruction of component populations leading to eventual extirpation of entire species. Populations and species extinctions have severe implications for society through the degradation of ecosystem services. Here we assess the extinction crisis from a different perspective. We examine 29,400 species of terrestrial vertebrates, and determine which are on the brink of extinction because they have fewer than 1,000 individuals. There are 515 species on the brink (1.7% of the evaluated vertebrates). Around 94% of the populations of 77 mammal and bird species on the brink have been lost in the last century. Assuming all species on the brink have similar trends, more than 237,000 populations of those species have vanished since 1900. We conclude the human-caused sixth mass extinction is likely accelerating for several reasons. First, many of the species that have been driven to the brink will likely become extinct soon. Second, the distribution of those species highly coincides with hundreds of other endangered species, surviving in regions with high human impacts, suggesting ongoing regional biodiversity collapses. Third, close ecological interactions of species on the brink tend to move other species toward annihilation when they disappear-extinction breeds extinctions. Finally, human pressures on the biosphere are growing rapidly, and a recent example is the current coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, linked to wildlife trade. Our results reemphasize the extreme urgency of taking much-expanded worldwide actions to save wild species and humanity's crucial life-support systems from this existential threat."}, {"pmid": 32406638, "title": "[Diagnostic algorithm for COVID-19 at the ER].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Dofferhoff, A S M", "Swinkels, A", "Sprong, T", "Berk, Y", "Spanbroek, M", "Nabuurs-Franssen, M H", "Vermaat, M", "van de Kerkhof, B", "Willekens, M H C", "Voss, A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406638", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evaluation of a diagnostic algorithm for estimating the risk of COVID-19 in patients who are referred to an emergency department for being suspected of having the disease. Retrospective study. Patients with fever with no apparent cause and patients with recently developed respiratory symptoms, whether or not in combination with fever, were routinely given a PCR test, blood tests (lymphocyte count and LDH levels) and a chest CT scan. The CT scan was assessed according to the CO-RADS classification. Based on the findings, the patients were divided into 3 cohorts (proven COVID-19, strong suspicion of COVID-19, and low suspicion of COVID-19) and the appropriate isolation measures were taken. In the period from 8 to 31 March 2020, the algorithm was applied to 312 patients. COVID-19 was proven for 69 (22%) patients. COVID-19 was strongly suspected for 151 (48%) patients and suspicion was low for the remaining 92 (29%) patients. The percentage of patients with positive PCR results and the percentage of patients with abnormal laboratory test results increased as the CO-RADS score increased. Among patients with a CO-RADS score of 4 or 5, this percentage increased further when they also had lymphopenia or elevated LDH levels. We have adjusted the flowchart based on our findings. In case of patients who have been referred to an emergency department for suspected COVID-19, a good COVID-19 risk assessment can be made on the basis of clinical signs, laboratory abnormalities and low-dose CT scans. Even before the results of the PCR test are known and even if the results are negative, patients can be classified as 'proven COVID-19 patients' using the algorithm."}, {"pmid": 32398896, "pmcid": "PMC7214854", "title": "COVID-19 and a shifted perspective on infectious farm animal disease research.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Holloway, Lewis"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398896", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239511, "pmcid": "PMC7228392", "title": "Sore throat in COVID-19: Comment on \"Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A single arm meta-analysis\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lovato, Andrea", "Rossettini, Giacomo", "de Filippis, Cosimo"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239511", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405915, "pmcid": "PMC7220807", "title": "Characteristics and outcomes of patients with breast cancer diagnosed with SARS-Cov-2 infection at an academic center in New York City.", "journal": "Breast Cancer Res Treat", "authors": ["Kalinsky, Kevin", "Accordino, Melissa K", "Hosi, Kristina", "Hawley, Jessica E", "Trivedi, Meghna S", "Crew, Katherine D", "Hershman, Dawn L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405915", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510581, "title": "Clinical characteristics and laboratory results of pregnant women with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Wang, Zhiqiang", "Wang, Zhigang", "Xiong, Guoping"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510581", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the clinical characteristics and laboratory test results in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A retrospective study to review and compare clinical data including electronic medical records and laboratory tests from pregnant and nonpregnant patients admitted the Central Hospital of Wuhan, China from December 8, 2019 to April 1, 2020. A total of 72 women (30 pregnant and 42 nonpregnant) with COVID-19 were included. No patients developed severe pneumonia during the study. Compared with the nonpregnant group, pregnant patients were admitted to hospital earlier (0.25 vs 11.00\u00a0days; P<0.001), presented milder symptoms, had a higher rate of asymptomatic infection (26.7% vs 0%), and shorter length of hospital stay (14.5 vs 17.0\u00a0days; P<0.01). Laboratory test results showed that levels of inflammation markers such as white blood cell count, neutrophil count and percentage, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and D-dimer were significantly higher in pregnant women, whereas mean lymphocyte percentage was significantly lower compared with nonpregnant women. In some respects, the clinical characteristics and laboratory test results of COVID-19 in pregnant patients seems to be distinctive from their nonpregnant counterparts. Appropriate advice and positive treatment might be critical to the prognosis when dealing with these pregnant patients. Pregnant patients with COVID-19 had their own positive clinical characteristics and special laboratory test results. Responsive medical advice and active treatment for those patients are critical to recovery."}, {"pmid": 32266838, "pmcid": "PMC7142391", "title": "The Lebanese Society of Medical Oncology (LSMO) statement on the care of patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Bitar, Nizar", "Kattan, Joseph", "Kourie, Hampig Raphael", "Mukherji, Deborah", "Saghir, Nagi El"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266838", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219398, "pmcid": "PMC7184396", "title": "Negligible risk of the COVID-19 resurgence caused by work resuming in China (outside Hubei): a statistical probability study.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Zhao, Kedong", "Long, Cheng", "Wang, Yan", "Zeng, Tieyong", "Fu, Xinmiao"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219398", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak in China appears to reach the late stage since late March 2020, and a stepwise restoration of economic operations is implemented. Risk assessment for such economic restoration is of significance. Here, we estimated the probability of COVID-19 resurgence caused by work resuming in typical provinces/cities and found that such probability is very limited (<5% for all the regions except Beijing). Our work may inform provincial governments to make risk level-based, differentiated control measures."}, {"pmid": 32516656, "title": "Clinical characteristics associated with persistent olfactory and taste alterations in COVID-19: A preliminary report on 121 patients.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Lovato, Andrea", "Galletti, Cosimo", "Galletti, Bruno", "de Filippis, Cosimo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516656", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255476, "pmcid": "PMC7184497", "title": "COVID-19 experience in Bergamo, Italy.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Senni, Michele"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255476", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32173188, "pmcid": "PMC7118614", "title": "[Recommendations on the clinical management of the COVID-19 infection by the <<new coronavirus>> SARS-CoV2. Spanish Paediatric Association working group].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Calvo, Cristina", "Garcia Lopez-Hortelano, Milagros", "de Carlos Vicente, Juan Carlos", "Vazquez Martinez, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173188", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Committee of Health and Healthcare (Hubei Province, China) reported that there were 27 cases of pneumonia of unknown origin with symptoms starting on the 8 December. There were 7 serious cases with common exposure in market with shellfish, fish, and live animals, in the city of Wuhan. On 7 January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified that the agent causing the outbreak was a new type of virus of the Coronaviridae family, temporarily called \u00abnew coronavirus\u00bb, 2019-nCoV. On January 30th, 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the outbreak an International Emergency. On 11 February 2020 the WHO assigned it the name of SARS-CoV2 and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2 and COVID-19). The Ministry of Health summoned the Specialties Societies to prepare a clinical protocol for the management of COVID-19. The Spanish Paediatric Association appointed a Working Group of the Societies of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Paediatric Intensive Care to prepare the present recommendations with the evidence available at the time of preparing them."}, {"pmid": 32204755, "title": "[SARS-CoV-2 infection with gastrointestinal symptoms as the first manifestation in a neonate].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Jin", "Wang, Dan", "Chen, Guo-Ce", "Tao, Xu-Wei", "Zeng, Ling-Kong"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204755", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The infected cases were noted mostly in adults, but rarely reported in children, especially neonates. Most children with SARS-CoV-2 infection present mainly with respiratory symptoms, but less commonly with gastrointestinal symptoms, and tend to have mild clinical symptoms. A neonate with SARS-CoV-2 infection, who had vomiting and milk refusal as the first symptom, was recently admitted to Wuhan Children's Hospital. After two weeks of treatment, the patient recovered gradually and was discharged. Here, this case is reported to improve the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates."}, {"pmid": 32524961, "title": "Health Systems' Resilience: COVID-19 Response in Trinidad and Tobago.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Hunte, Shelly-Ann", "Pierre, Karen", "St Rose, Roseann", "Simeon, Donald T"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524961", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Trinidad and Tobago, a small island developing state, has been ranked as number one in a report published by the University of Oxford that assessed responses to COVID-19 based on four of the six WHO criteria for rolling back COVID-19 \"lockdown\" measures. The key mitigation and containment strategies implemented by the country were evidence-informed and demonstrated an \"all-of-government\" approach. The COVID-19 health system response of this country demonstrates that although developing countries face many health system challenges, political will, evidence-informed decision-making, respect for science, and timely, coordinated, collaborative actions can strengthen the resilience and response of the health system during a health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32302451, "title": "Response to 'Reply to Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy'.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Tang, Ning"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302451", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32159237, "pmcid": "PMC7228358", "title": "From SARS and MERS CoVs to SARS-CoV-2: Moving toward more biased codon usage in viral structural and nonstructural genes.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kandeel, Mahmoud", "Ibrahim, Abdelazim", "Fayez, Mahmoud", "Al-Nazawi, Mohammed"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159237", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging disease with fatal outcomes. In this study, a fundamental knowledge gap question is to be resolved by evaluating the differences in biological and pathogenic aspects of SARS-CoV-2 and the changes in SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with the two prior major COV epidemics, SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses. The genome composition, nucleotide analysis, codon usage indices, relative synonymous codons usage, and effective number of codons (ENc) were analyzed in the four structural genes; Spike (S), Envelope (E), membrane (M), and Nucleocapsid (N) genes, and two of the most important nonstructural genes comprising RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, Beta-CoV from pangolins, bat SARS, MERS, and SARS CoVs. SARS-CoV-2 prefers pyrimidine rich codons to purines. Most high-frequency codons were ending with A or T, while the low frequency and rare codons were ending with G or C. SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins showed 5 to 20 lower ENc values, compared with SARS, bat SARS, and MERS CoVs. This implies higher codon bias and higher gene expression efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins. SARS-CoV-2 encoded the highest number of over-biased and negatively biased codons. Pangolin Beta-CoV showed little differences with SARS-CoV-2 ENc values, compared with SARS, bat SARS, and MERS CoV. Extreme bias and lower ENc values of SARS-CoV-2, especially in Spike, Envelope, and Mpro genes, are suggestive for higher gene expression efficiency, compared with SARS, bat SARS, and MERS CoVs."}, {"pmid": 32292867, "pmcid": "PMC7142700", "title": "Collapsing Glomerulopathy in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Kidney Int Rep", "authors": ["Larsen, Christopher P", "Bourne, Thomas D", "Wilson, Jon D", "Saqqa, Osaid", "Sharshir, Moh'd A"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292867", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427103, "pmcid": "PMC7252198", "title": "Online National Health Agency Mask Guidance for the Public in Light of COVID-19: Content Analysis.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Laestadius, Linnea", "Wang, Yang", "Ben Taleb, Ziyad", "Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi", "Cho, Young", "Manganello, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427103", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid global spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has compelled national governments to issue guidance on the use of face masks for members of the general public. To date, no work has assessed how this guidance differs across governments. This study seeks to contribute to a rational and consistent global response to infectious disease by determining how guidelines differ across nations and regions. A content analysis of health agency mask guidelines on agency websites was performed in late March 2020 among 25 countries and regions with large numbers of COVID-19 cases. Countries and regions were assigned across the coding team by language proficiency, with Google Translate used as needed. When available, both the original and English language version of guidance were reviewed. All examined countries and regions had some form of guidance online, although detail and clarity differed. Although 9 countries and regions recommended surgical, medical, or unspecified masks in public and poorly ventilated places, 16 recommended against people wearing masks in public. There were 2 countries that explicitly recommended against fabric masks. In addition, 12 failed to outline the minimum basic World Health Organization guidance for masks. Online guidelines for face mask use to prevent COVID-19 in the general public are currently inconsistent across nations and regions, and have been changing often. Efforts to create greater standardization and clarity should be explored in light of the status of COVID-19 as a global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32336562, "pmcid": "PMC7180041", "title": "Restructured society and environment: A review on potential technological strategies to control the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Madurai Elavarasan, Rajvikram", "Pugazhendhi, Rishi"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336562", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China at December 2019 had led to a global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the disease started to spread all over the world and became an international public health issue. The entire humanity has to fight in this war against the unexpected and each and every individual role is important. Healthcare system is doing exceptional work and the government is taking various measures that help the society to control the spread. Public, on the other hand, coordinates with the policies and act accordingly in most state of affairs. But the role of technologies in assisting different social bodies to fight against the pandemic remains hidden. The intention of our study is to uncover the hidden roles of technologies that ultimately help for controlling the pandemic. On investigating, it is found that the strategies utilizing potential technologies would yield better benefits and these technological strategies can be framed either to control the pandemic or to support the confinement of the society during pandemic which in turn aids in controlling the spreading of infection. This study enlightens the various implemented technologies that assists the healthcare systems, government and public in diverse aspects for fighting against COVID-19. Furthermore, the technological swift that happened during the pandemic and their influence in the environment and society is discussed. Besides the implemented technologies, this work also deals with untapped potential technologies that have prospective applications in controlling the pandemic circumstances. Alongside the various discussion, our suggested solution for certain situational issues is also presented."}, {"pmid": 32511752, "title": "COVID-19 and End Stage Renal Disease.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Gustavo, Betonico", "Lima, Emerson", "Tome, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus disease, named by World Health Organization (WHO) as COVID-19 brought great challenges to patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In general, ESRD patients have higher number of comorbidities and are at age-risk for severe pulmonary presentation of this disease. Another important issue is that hemodialysis (HD) clinics are usually not located in small towns, and these frail patients often travel to their dialysis center in groups and also cannot keep the 6-feet safe distance during their HD session."}, {"pmid": 32516940, "title": "COVID-19: Specific and Non-Specific Clinical Manifestations and Symptoms: The Current State of Knowledge.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Baj, Jacek", "Karakula-Juchnowicz, Hanna", "Teresinski, Grzegorz", "Buszewicz, Grzegorz", "Ciesielka, Marzanna", "Sitarz, Elzbieta", "Forma, Alicja", "Karakula, Kaja", "Flieger, Wojciech", "Portincasa, Piero", "Maciejewski, Ryszard"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516940", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become an epidemiological threat and a worldwide concern. SARS-CoV-2 has spread to 210 countries worldwide and more than 6,500,000 confirmed cases and 384,643 deaths have been reported, while the number of both confirmed and fatal cases is continually increasing. COVID-19 is a viral disease that can affect every age group-from infants to the elderly-resulting in a wide spectrum of various clinical manifestations. COVID-19 might present different degrees of severity-from mild or even asymptomatic carriers, even to fatal cases. The most common complications include pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Fever, dry cough, muscle weakness, and chest pain are the most prevalent and typical symptoms of COVID-19. However, patients might also present atypical symptoms that can occur alone, which might indicate the possible SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this paper is to review and summarize all of the findings regarding clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients, which include respiratory, neurological, olfactory and gustatory, gastrointestinal, ophthalmic, dermatological, cardiac, and rheumatologic manifestations, as well as specific symptoms in pediatric patients."}, {"pmid": 32245691, "pmcid": "PMC7270164", "title": "On the frontline against COVID-19: Community pharmacists' contribution during a public health crisis.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Cadogan, Cathal A", "Hughes, Carmel M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245691", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global spread of COVID-19 is placing unprecedented demands on healthcare services. In this time of crisis, innovative and adaptive methods of practising will be required across all health professions. In order to maximise the use of current available resources, it is vital that existing services are comprehensively reviewed and full use is made of any unrealised potential among healthcare providers. Community pharmacy is one of a number of health professions that has a key role to play in responding to the current pandemic. As the scope of community pharmacy practice varies considerably across countries, it is important to examine ways in which the profession can assist with the public health response to COVID-19 and maintaining the continuity of healthcare services. This article seeks to highlight roles and activities that community pharmacists can undertake to help in relieving pressure on other areas of the health service, such as general practice. This information could help to inform future decisions about the restructuring of existing health services by governments, public health bodies and policy makers in response to public health crises such as COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32474640, "pmcid": "PMC7261040", "title": "Letter: Neurosurgery at war with the COVID-19 pandemic: patient's management from an African neurosurgical center.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Lakhdar, Faycal", "Benzagmout, Mohammed"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474640", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389882, "pmcid": "PMC7205734", "title": "Coronavirus Disease-2019: A tocsin to our aging, unfit, corpulent, and immunodeficient society.", "journal": "J Sport Health Sci", "authors": ["Nieman, David C"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute and chronic respiratory illnesses cause widespread morbidity and mortality, and this class of illness now includes the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome that is causing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The world is experiencing a major demographic shift toward an older, obese, and physically inactive populace. Risk factor assessments based on pandemic data indicate that those at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19 include older males, and people of all ages with obesity and related comorbidities such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Aging in and of itself leads to negative changes in innate and adaptive immunity, a process termed immunosenescence. Obesity causes systemic inflammation and adversely impacts immune function and host defense in a way that patterns immunosenescence. Two primary prevention strategies to reduce the risk for COVID-19 at both the community and individual levels include mitigation activities and the adoption of lifestyle practices consistent with good immune health. Animal and human studies support the idea that, in contrast to high exercise workloads, regular moderate-intensity physical activity improves immunosurveillance against pathogens and reduces morbidity and mortality from viral infection and respiratory illnesses including the common cold, pneumonia, and influenza. The odds are high that infectious disease pandemics spawned by novel pathogens will continue to inflict morbidity and mortality as the world's population becomes older and more obese. COVID-19 is indeed a wake-up call, a tocsin, to the world that primary prevention countermeasures focused on health behaviors and hygiene demand our full attention and support."}, {"pmid": 32422122, "pmcid": "PMC7228722", "title": "Sex workers must not be forgotten in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Platt, Lucy", "Elmes, Jocelyn", "Stevenson, Luca", "Holt, Victoria", "Rolles, Stephen", "Stuart, Rachel"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422122", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441771, "title": "COVID-SAFER: Deprescribing Guidance for Hydroxychloroquine Drug Interactions in Older Adults.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Ross, Sydney B", "Wilson, Marnie Goodwin", "Papillon-Ferland, Louise", "Elsayed, Sarah", "Wu, Peter E", "Battu, Kiran", "Porter, Sandra", "Rashidi, Babak", "Tamblyn, Robyn", "Pilote, Louise", "Downar, James", "Bonnici, Andre", "Huang, Allen", "Lee, Todd C", "McDonald, Emily G"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441771", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes high morbidity and mortality in older adults with chronic illnesses. Several trials are currently underway evaluating the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine as a potential treatment for acute infection. However, polypharmacy predisposes patients to increased risk of drug-drug interactions with hydroxychloroquine and may render many in this population ineligible to participate in trials. We aimed to quantify the degree of polypharmacy and burden of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) that older hospitalized adults are taking which would interact with hydroxychloroquine. We reanalyzed data from the cohort of patients 65\u2009years and older enrolled in the MedSafer pilot study. We first identified patients taking medications with potentially harmful drug-drug interactions with hydroxychloroquine that might exclude them from participation in a typical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) therapeutic trial. Next, we identified medications that were flagged by MedSafer as being potentially inappropriate and crafted guidance around medication management if contemplating the use of hydroxychloroquine. The cohort contained a total of 1,001 unique patients with complete data on their home medications at admission. Of these 1,001 patients, 590 (58.9%) were receiving one or more home medications that could potentially interact with hydroxychloroquine, and of these 255 (43.2%) were flagged as potentially inappropriate by the MedSafer tool. Common classes of PIMs observed were antipsychotics, cardiac medications, and anti-diabetic agents. The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of medication optimization and deprescribing PIMs in older adults. By acting now to reduce polypharmacy and use of PIMs, we can better prepare this vulnerable population for inclusion in trials and, if substantiated, pharmacologic treatment or prevention of COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32387470, "pmcid": "PMC7199723", "title": "COVID-19 gone bad: A new character in the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome?", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Colafrancesco, Serena", "Alessandri, Cristiano", "Conti, Fabrizio", "Priori, Roberta"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387470", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe form of COVID-19 share several clinical and laboratory features with four entities gathered under the term \"hyperferritinemic syndromes\" and including macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome (CAPS) and septic shock. COVID-19 systemic inflammatory reaction and \"hyperferritinemic syndromes\" are all characterized by high serum ferritin and a life-threatening hyper-inflammation sustained by a cytokines storm which eventually leads to multi-organ failure. In this review, we analyze the possible epidemiological and molecular mechanisms responsible for hyper-inflammation in patients with severe COVID-19 and we underline the similarities between this condition and \"hyperferritinemic syndromes\" which would allow considering severe COVID-19 as a fifth member of this spectrum of inflammatory conditions."}, {"pmid": 32447800, "title": "Moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa under systemic therapy during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Giulia, Rozzo", "Alice, Ramondetta", "Teresa, Fierro Maria", "Paolo, Dapavo", "Simone, Ribero"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447800", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360938, "title": "Corona and clergy - The missing link for effective social distancing in Pakistan: Time for some unpopular decisions.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mubarak, Naeem"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360938", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528195, "pmcid": "PMC7282436", "title": "Broad beans (Vicia faba) and the potential to protect from COVID-19 coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Sudan J Paediatr", "authors": ["Khalil, Mutasim I", "Salih, Mustafa A", "Mustafa, Ali A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528195", "countries": ["Sudan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to its high linoleic acid concentration (41%), sesame oil has been proposed to have the potential to protect from COVID-19 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which was characterised by the World Health Organization as a pandemic in March 2020. Unsaturated fatty acids, in general, are active against some enveloped viruses, like COVID-19 coronavirus, due to the incorporation of the fatty acid into the lipid membrane of the viral envelope causing destabilisation of its bilayer. Broad beans (Vicia faba), grown in Northern Sudan, proved to incorporate high content of unsaturated fatty acids and in particular linoleic acid (46.41%). It forms a traditional meal in Sudan and in several Middle East countries. Hence, it is here recommended to be taken as the main meal in combination with sesame oil, as it is commonly practiced in Sudan. Theoretically, it has the potential to protect from COVID-19 coronavirus infections. This proposal needs to be confirmed by further experimental and clinical research."}, {"pmid": 32486563, "title": "[Development and improvement of Chinese oral public health system].", "journal": "Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zeng, X J", "Zhou, X D", "Chen, W X"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486563", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19 in early 2020 is a big challenge to the mechanism of major epidemic prevention and control, the national public health management system, as well as medical and health resources in China. Going through the COVID-19 crisis, we should fully understand the problems and vulnerabilities of the current public health system in China, and it is imperative to deepen and strengthen the public health system which should be throughout whole life cycle and whole process. Oral cavity is the first portal of human body, while illness finds its way in by the mouth. Oral health is highly related to general health and quality of life. The outbreak has drawn the public's attention to the public health system. The establishment and improvement of the oral public health system with the concept of \"public health with Chinese characteristics\" should also attract people's attentions and thoughts. Furthermore it is urgent to recognize the importance of oral public health."}, {"pmid": 32445710, "pmcid": "PMC7239635", "title": "Individual quarantine versus active monitoring of contacts for the mitigation of COVID-19: a modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Peak, Corey M", "Kahn, Rebecca", "Grad, Yonatan H", "Childs, Lauren M", "Li, Ruoran", "Lipsitch, Marc", "Buckee, Caroline O"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445710", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Voluntary individual quarantine and voluntary active monitoring of contacts are core disease control strategies for emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Given the impact of quarantine on resources and individual liberty, it is vital to assess under what conditions individual quarantine can more effectively control COVID-19 than active monitoring. As an epidemic grows, it is also important to consider when these interventions are no longer feasible and broader mitigation measures must be implemented. To estimate the comparative efficacy of individual quarantine and active monitoring of contacts to control severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we fit a stochastic branching model to reported parameters for the dynamics of the disease. Specifically, we fit a model to the incubation period distribution (mean 5\u00b72 days) and to two estimates of the serial interval distribution: a shorter one with a mean serial interval of 4\u00b78 days and a longer one with a mean of 7\u00b75 days. To assess variable resource settings, we considered two feasibility settings: a high-feasibility setting with 90% of contacts traced, a half-day average delay in tracing and symptom recognition, and 90% effective isolation; and a low-feasibility setting with 50% of contacts traced, a 2-day average delay, and 50% effective isolation. Model fitting by sequential Monte Carlo resulted in a mean time of infectiousness onset before symptom onset of 0\u00b777 days (95% CI -1\u00b798 to 0\u00b729) for the shorter serial interval, and for the longer serial interval it resulted in a mean time of infectiousness onset after symptom onset of 0\u00b751 days (95% CI -0\u00b777 to 1\u00b750). Individual quarantine in high-feasibility settings, where at least 75% of infected contacts are individually quarantined, contains an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with a short serial interval (4\u00b78 days) 84% of the time. However, in settings where the outbreak continues to grow (eg, low-feasibility settings), so too will the burden of the number of contacts traced for active monitoring or quarantine, particularly uninfected contacts (who never develop symptoms). When resources are prioritised for scalable interventions such as physical distancing, we show active monitoring or individual quarantine of high-risk contacts can contribute synergistically to mitigation efforts. Even under the shorter serial interval, if physical distancing reduces the reproductive number to 1\u00b725, active monitoring of 50% of contacts can result in overall outbreak control (ie, effective reproductive number <1). Our model highlights the urgent need for more data on the serial interval and the extent of presymptomatic transmission to make data-driven policy decisions regarding the cost-benefit comparisons of individual quarantine versus active monitoring of contacts. To the extent that these interventions can be implemented, they can help mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2. National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health."}, {"pmid": 32239155, "pmcid": "PMC7184422", "title": "COVID-19 and experiences of moral injury in front-line key workers.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Williamson, Victoria", "Murphy, Dominic", "Greenberg, Neil"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239155", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441744, "title": "Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population.", "journal": "Chem Senses", "authors": ["Iravani, Behzad", "Arshamian, Artin", "Ravia, Aharon", "Mishor, Eva", "Snitz, Kobi", "Shushan, Sagit", "Roth, Yehudah", "Perl, Ofer", "Honigstein, Danielle", "Weissgross, Reut", "Karagach, Shiri", "Ernst, Gernot", "Okamoto, Masako", "Mainen, Zachary", "Monteleone, Erminio", "Dinnella, Caterina", "Spinelli, Sara", "Marino-Sanchez, Franklin", "Ferdenzi, Camille", "Smeets, Monique", "Touhara, Kazushige", "Bensafi, Moustafa", "Hummel, Thomas", "Sobel, Noam", "Lundstrom, Johan N"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441744", "countries": ["Sweden"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries have implemented various strategies to reduce and slow the spread of the disease in the general population. For countries that have implemented restrictions on its population in a step-wise manner, monitoring of COVID-19 prevalence is of importance to guide decision on when to impose new, or when to abolish old, restrictions. We are here determining whether measures of odor intensity in a large sample can serve as one such measure. Online measures of how intense common household odors are perceived and symptoms of COVID-19 were collected from 2440 Swedes. Average odor intensity ratings were then compared to predicted COVID-19 population prevalence over time in the Swedish population and were found to closely track each other (r=-0.83). Moreover, we found that there was a large difference in rated intensity between individuals with and without COVID-19 symptoms and number of symptoms was related to odor intensity ratings. Finally, we found that individuals progressing from reporting no symptoms to subsequently reporting COVID-19 symptoms demonstrated a large drop in olfactory performance. These data suggest that measures of odor intensity, if obtained in a large and representative sample, can be used as an indicator of COVID-19 disease in the general population. Importantly, this simple measure could easily be implemented in countries without widespread access to COVID-19 testing or implemented as a fast early response before wide-spread testing can be facilitated."}, {"pmid": 32412313, "title": "Reinstating elective orthopaedic surgery in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Bone Joint J", "authors": ["Oussedik, Sam", "Zagra, Luigi", "Shin, Gee Yen", "D'Apolito, Rocco", "Haddad, Fares S"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412313", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The transition from shutdown of elective orthopaedic services to the resumption of pre-COVID-19 activity presents many challenges. These include concerns about patient safety, staff safety, and the viability of health economies. Careful planning is necessary to allow patients to benefit from orthopaedic care in a safe and sustainable manner. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):1-4."}, {"pmid": 32430070, "pmcid": "PMC7236639", "title": "The urgent need for integrated science to fight COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Moradian, Negar", "Ochs, Hans D", "Sedikies, Constantine", "Hamblin, Michael R", "Camargo, Carlos A Jr", "Martinez, J Alfredo", "Biamonte, Jacob D", "Abdollahi, Mohammad", "Torres, Pedro J", "Nieto, Juan J", "Ogino, Shuji", "Seymour, John F", "Abraham, Ajith", "Cauda, Valentina", "Gupta, Sudhir", "Ramakrishna, Seeram", "Sellke, Frank W", "Sorooshian, Armin", "Wallace Hayes, A", "Martinez-Urbistondo, Maria", "Gupta, Manoj", "Azadbakht, Leila", "Esmaillzadeh, Ahmad", "Kelishadi, Roya", "Esteghamati, Alireza", "Emam-Djomeh, Zahra", "Majdzadeh, Reza", "Palit, Partha", "Badali, Hamid", "Rao, Idupulapati", "Saboury, Ali Akbar", "Jagan Mohan Rao, L", "Ahmadieh, Hamid", "Montazeri, Ali", "Fadini, Gian Paolo", "Pauly, Daniel", "Thomas, Sabu", "Moosavi-Movahed, Ali A", "Aghamohammadi, Asghar", "Behmanesh, Mehrdad", "Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa", "Ghavami, Saeid", "Mehran, Roxana", "Uddin, Lucina Q", "Von Herrath, Matthias", "Mobasher, Bahram", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430070", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has become the leading societal concern. The pandemic has shown that the public health concern is not only a medical problem, but also affects society as a whole; so, it has also become the leading scientific concern. We discuss in this treatise the importance of bringing the world's scientists together to find effective solutions for controlling the pandemic. By applying novel research frameworks, interdisciplinary collaboration promises to manage the pandemic's consequences and prevent recurrences of similar pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32050059, "pmcid": "PMC7121202", "title": "A Locally Transmitted Case of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Taiwan.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Liu, Ying-Chu", "Liao, Ching-Hui", "Chang, Chin-Fu", "Chou, Chu-Chung", "Lin, Yan-Ren"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32050059", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203269, "pmcid": "PMC7091850", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on the provision of donor hematopoietic stem cell products worldwide: collateral damage.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Szer, Jeff", "Weisdorf, Daniel", "Querol, Sergio", "Foeken, Lydia", "Madrigal, Alejandro"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203269", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32166128, "pmcid": "PMC7061470", "title": "The novel coronavirus outbreak: what can be learned from China in public reporting?", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Li, Hao", "Chen, Xinguang", "Huang, Hao"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166128", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus outbreak gets everyone's attention. China's national actions against the outbreak have contributed great contributions to the world. China has been learning from practice for better reporting and is fast to adapt itself. In this article we discuss China's practice in public reporting and its implications to global health. Confirmed cases, dynamic suspected cases, recovered cases, and deaths have been reported both in accumulative numbers and their daily updates. Some ratio indictors reporting (fatality rate, recovery rate, etc.), trend reporting, and global surveillance have been applied as well. Some improvements can still be made. It is necessary to further explore the influential factors behind the indicators for interventions. Recommendations are made to the World Health Organization and other countries for better public reporting and surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32407798, "pmcid": "PMC7214337", "title": "Xenophobia due to the coronavirus outbreak - A letter to the editor in response to \"the socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Cheng, Shuliang Oliver"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407798", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381734, "title": "Sampling bias and incorrect rooting make phylogenetic network tracing of SARS-COV-2 infections unreliable.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Mavian, Carla", "Pond, Sergei Kosakovsky", "Marini, Simone", "Magalis, Brittany Rife", "Vandamme, Anne-Mieke", "Dellicour, Simon", "Scarpino, Samuel V", "Houldcroft, Charlotte", "Villabona-Arenas, Julian", "Paisie, Taylor K", "Trovao, Nidia S", "Boucher, Christina", "Zhang, Yun", "Scheuermann, Richard H", "Gascuel, Olivier", "Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk", "Suchard, Marc A", "Abecasis, Ana", "Wilkinson, Eduan", "de Oliveira, Tulio", "Bento, Ana I", "Schmidt, Heiko A", "Martin, Darren", "Hadfield, James", "Faria, Nuno", "Grubaugh, Nathan D", "Neher, Richard A", "Baele, Guy", "Lemey, Philippe", "Stadler, Tanja", "Albert, Jan", "Crandall, Keith A", "Leitner, Thomas", "Stamatakis, Alexandros", "Prosperi, Mattia", "Salemi, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381734", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437917, "pmcid": "PMC7211587", "title": "Thinking Beyond the Box: Preparing for the End of COVID-19 Outbreak in a Vascular Surgery Department.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Precup, Calin Gheorghe", "Bordet, Marine", "Lermusiaux, Patrick", "Millon, Antoine", "Della Schiava, Nellie"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437917", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528817, "pmcid": "PMC7282422", "title": "Development and Utilization of a Rapid and Accurate Epidemic Investigation Support System for COVID-19.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "authors": ["Park, Young Joon", "Cho, Sang Yun", "Lee, Jin", "Lee, Ikjin", "Park, Won-Ho", "Jeong, Seungmyeong", "Kim, Seongyun", "Lee, Seokjun", "Kim, Jaeho", "Park, Ok"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528817", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this pandemic situation caused by a novel coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19), an electronic support system that can rapidly and accurately perform epidemic investigations, is needed. It would systematically secure and analyze patients' data (who have been confirmed to have the infection), location information, and credit card usage. The \"Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Act\" in South Korea, established a legal basis for the securement, handling procedure, and disclosure of information required for epidemic investigations. The Epidemic Investigation Support System (EISS) was developed as an application platform on the Smart City data platform. The EISS performed the function of inter-institutional communication which reduced the processing period of patients' data in comparison to other methods. This system automatically marked confirmed cases' tracking data on a map and hot-spot analysis which lead to the prediction of areas where people may be vulnerable to infection. The EISS was designed and implemented for use during an epidemic investigation to prevent the spread of an infectious disease, by specifically tracking confirmed cases of infection."}, {"pmid": 32403995, "title": "Development of multi-specific humanized llama antibodies blocking SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 interaction with high affinity and avidity.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Dong, Jianbo", "Huang, Betty", "Jia, Zhejun", "Wang, Bo", "Gallolu Kankanamalage, Sachith", "Titong, Allison", "Liu, Yue"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403995", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses cause severe human viral diseases including SARS, MERS and COVID-19. Most recently SARS-CoV-2 virus (causing COVID-19) has led to a pandemic with no successful therapeutics. The SARS-CoV-2 infection relies on trimeric spike (S) proteins to facilitate virus entry into host cells by binding to ACE2 receptor on host cell membranes. Therefore, blocking this interaction with antibodies are promising agents against SARS-CoV-2. Here we describe using humanized llama antibody VHHs against SARS-CoV-2 that would overcome the limitations associated with polyclonal and monoclonal combination therapies. From two llama VHH libraries, unique humanized VHHs that bind to S protein and block the S/ACE2 interaction were identified. Furthermore, pairwise combination of VHHs showed synergistic blocking. Multi-specific antibodies with enhanced affinity and avidity, and improved S/ACE2 blocking are currently being developed using an in-silico approach that also fuses VHHs to Fc domains. Importantly, our current bi-specific antibody shows potent S/ACE2 blocking (KD - 0.25 nM, IC100\u2009\u223c\u200936.7\u2009nM, IC95\u2009\u223c\u200912.2\u2009nM, IC50\u2009\u223c\u20091\u2009nM) which is significantly better than individual monoclonal VHH-Fcs. Overall, this design would equip the VHH-Fcs multiple mechanisms of actions against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, we aim to contribute to the battle against COVID-19 by developing therapeutic antibodies as well as diagnostics."}, {"pmid": 32386464, "pmcid": "PMC7273051", "title": "A primer on COVID-19 Mathematical Models.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Thomas, Diana M", "Sturdivant, Rodney", "Dhurandhar, Nikhil V", "Debroy, Swati", "Clark, Nicholas"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386464", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) disease has led to a wide-spread global pandemic (1). COVID-19 symptoms and mortality are disproportionately more severe in people with obesity and obesity related comorbidities (2, 3). This is of concern for the United States, where ~42% have obesity and of these, 85% have type 2 diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32339776, "pmcid": "PMC7195123", "title": "Covid-19, TMPRSS2, and whether android regulation affects pandemic virus gender incidence and age distribution of disease.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Brenner, Steven R"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339776", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278367, "pmcid": "PMC7146718", "title": "COVID-19: Respiratory support outside the intensive care unit.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["McEnery, Tom", "Gough, Ciara", "Costello, Richard W"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278367", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498401, "title": "Related Health Factors of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Gomez-Salgado, Juan", "Andres-Villas, Montserrat", "Dominguez-Salas, Sara", "Diaz-Milanes, Diego", "Ruiz-Frutos, Carlos"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498401", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Measures to prevent and contain the COVID-19 health crisis include population confinement, with the consequent isolation and interruption of their usual activities. The aim of the study is to analyse psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this, a cross-sectional observational study with a sample of 4180 people over the age of 18 during quarantine was developed. Variables considered were sociodemographic variables, physical symptoms, health conditions, COVID-19 contact history and psychological adjustment. The data were collected through a self-developed questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Bivariate analyses were performed, including Chi-Squared test and Student's T-test. Predictive ability was calculated through logistic regression. Results obtained showed a high level of psychological distress (72.0%), with a higher percentage in women and people of lower middle age. Statistically significant differences were found in the variable working situation (\u03c7\u00b2 = 63.139, p\u2264 0.001, V = 0.123) and living with children under the age of 16 (\u03c7\u00b2 = 7.393, p = 0.007, V = 0.042). The predictive variables with the highest weight were sex (OR = 1.952, 95% IC = (1.667, 2.286)), presence of symptoms (OR = 1.130, 95% CI = (1.074, 1.190)), and having had close contact with an individual with confirmed COVID-19 (OR = 1.241, 95% CI = (1.026, 1.500)). These results could enrich prevention interventions in public health and, in particular, in mental health in similar pandemic situations."}, {"pmid": 32452225, "pmcid": "PMC7249542", "title": "Nasopharyngeal swab or clinical-radiological evidence: the dark side of the moon for cancer patients in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Veccia, Antonello", "Kinspergher, Stefania", "Dipasquale, Mariachiara", "Caffo, Orazio"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407545, "pmcid": "PMC7272906", "title": "Letter to the Editor-Behavioral Health Implications of Inmate Release During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Forensic Sci", "authors": ["Piel, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407545", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461068, "pmcid": "PMC7246012", "title": "Absence of nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in the pre-pandemic phase in Hong Kong.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Cheng, Vincent C C", "Wong, Shuk-Ching", "Chuang, Vivien W M", "So, Simon Y C", "Chen, Jonathan H K", "Sridhar, Siddharth", "To, Kelvin K W", "Chan, Jasper F W", "Hung, Ivan F N", "Ho, Pak-Leung", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461068", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the infection control strategy to achieve zero nosocomial transmission of symptomatic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 during the pre-pandemic phase (the first 72 days after announcement of pneumonia cases in Wuhan) in Hong Kong. Administrative support with the aim of zero nosocomial transmission by reducing elective clinical services, decanting wards, mobilizing isolation facilities, providing adequate personal protective equipment, coordinating laboratory network for rapid molecular diagnosis under 4-tier active surveillance for hospitalized- and out-patients, and organizing staff forum and training was implemented under the framework of preparedness plan in Hospital Authority. The trend of SARS-CoV-2 in the first 72 days was compared with that of SARS-CoV 2003. Up to day 72 of the epidemic, 130 (0.40%) of 32,443 patients being screened confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. Compared with SARS outbreak in 2003, the SARS-CoV-2 case load constituted 8.9% (130 SARS-CoV-2/1458 SARS-CoV) of SARS-CoV infected cases at day 72 of the outbreak. The incidences of nosocomial acquisition of SARS-CoV per-1,000-SARS-patient-day and per-100-SARS-patient-admission were 7.9 and 16.9 respectively, which were significantly higher than the corresponding incidences of SARS-CoV-2 (zero infection, p<0.001). Administrative support to infection control could minimize the risk of nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32389373, "pmcid": "PMC7252054", "title": "Clinical characteristics and radiological features of children infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Lu, Y", "Wen, H", "Rong, D", "Zhou, Z", "Liu, H"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389373", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify and summarise the common findings from 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections in children. The clinical characteristics and radiological findings (chest radiography and chest computed tomography [CT]) of nine children infected with the 2019-nCoV were reviewed in this retrospective case series. Among the children, six had fever (including two children with cough), one had only cough, one had a stuffy nose when initially diagnosed, and one was an asymptomatic carrier. Chest radiographs seemed mostly normal in six cases whereas increased and/or disordered bilateral bronchovascular shadows and dense hilar shadows were seen in three cases. Chest CT exhibited no obvious abnormal signs in four cases. Typical CT findings included patchy, peripheral ground-grass opacities, subpleural lamellar dense shadows, and parenchymal bands. Pleural effusions, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, cavitation, and pleural thickening were absent. The clinical manifestations and radiological findings of the 2019-nCoV-infected children were mild and lacked a typical pattern."}, {"pmid": 32448490, "pmcid": "PMC7200354", "title": "Mysterious Virus: A Review on Behavior and Treatment Approaches of the Novel Coronavirus, 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Hemmati, Farshad", "Saedi, Samira", "Hemmati-Dinarvand, Mohsen", "Zarei, Marzie", "Seghatoleslam, Atefeh"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448490", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of the year 2019, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was spreading in Wuhan, China, and the outbreak process has a high speed. It was recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. Coronaviruses are enveloped and single-stranded RNA that have several families including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). The pathogenesis mechanism and disease outcomes of SARS and MERS are now clear to some extent, but little information is available for 2019-nCoV. This newly identified corona virus infection represents flu-like symptoms, but usually the first symptoms are fever and dry cough. There has been no specific treatment against 2019-nCoV up to now, and physicians only apply supportive therapy. In the present article, we made an attempt to review the behavior of the virus around the world, epidemiology, a pathway for influx into the host cells, clinical presentation, as well as the treatments currently in use and future approaches; nitazoxanide may be our dream drug. We hope that this review has a positive impact on public knowledge for helping to deal with the 2019-nCoV and move one step forward toward its treatment in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32394467, "pmcid": "PMC7273044", "title": "A global treatments for coronaviruses including COVID-19.", "journal": "J Cell Physiol", "authors": ["Yousefi, Bahman", "Valizadeh, Saeid", "Ghaffari, Hadi", "Vahedi, Azadeh", "Karbalaei, Mohsen", "Eslami, Majid"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394467", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, several patients with viral pneumonia were identified as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). So far, there are no specific treatments for patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), and the treatments available today are based on previous experience with similar viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Influenza virus. In this article, we have tried to reach a therapeutic window of drugs available to patients with COVID-19. Cathepsin L is required for entry of the 2019-nCoV virus into the cell as target teicoplanin inhibits virus replication. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE2) in soluble form as a recombinant protein can prevent the spread of coronavirus by restricting binding and entry. In patients with COVID-19, hydroxychloroquine decreases the inflammatory response and cytokine storm, but overdose causes toxicity and mortality. Neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir, peramivir, and zanamivir are invalid for 2019-nCoV and are not recommended for treatment but protease inhibitors such as lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) inhibit the progression of MERS-CoV disease and can be useful for patients of COVID-19 and, in combination with Arbidol, has a direct antiviral effect on early replication of SARS-CoV. Ribavirin reduces hemoglobin concentrations in respiratory patients, and remdesivir improves respiratory symptoms. Use of ribavirin in combination with LPV/r in patients with SARS-CoV reduces acute respiratory distress syndrome and mortality, which has a significant protective effect with the addition of corticosteroids. Favipiravir increases clinical recovery and reduces respiratory problems and has a stronger antiviral effect than LPV/r. currently, appropriate treatment for patients with COVID-19 is an ACE2 inhibitor and a clinical problem reducing agent such as favipiravir in addition to hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids."}, {"pmid": 32460464, "title": "Noninvasive versus invasive ventilation: one modality cannot fit all during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Korean J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Singh, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460464", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382734, "pmcid": "PMC7239144", "title": "Letter to the Editor: \"Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists\".", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Dhaliwal, Ruban", "Bhadada, Sanjay K", "Rao, Sudhaker D"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382734", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227250, "pmcid": "PMC7103891", "title": "ASPHER statement on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak emergency.", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Middleton, John", "Martin-Moreno, Jose M", "Barros, Henrique", "Chambaud, Laurent", "Signorelli, Carlo"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498138, "title": "The Delay in Confirming COVID-19 Cases Linked to a Religious Group in Korea.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Kim, Hyung-Ju", "Hwang, Hyun-Seong", "Choi, Yong-Hyuk", "Song, Hye-Yeon", "Park, Ji-Seong", "Yun, Chae-Young", "Ryu, Sukhyun"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498138", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 3, 2020, the Shincheonji religious group accounted for the majority of Korean cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nonetheless, the most likely cause of the broad spread of COVID-19 among members of the Shincheonji religious group remains largely unknown. We obtained data of laboratory-confirmed cases related to the Shincheonji religious group from press releases by Korean public health authorities and news reports. We measured the period from the date of illness onset to the date of COVID-19 confirmation. We analysed data from 59 cases (median age, 30 years). The estimated median period between the date of symptom onset and the date of COVID-19 confirmation was 4 days (95% confidence interval, 1-12). There was a delay in COVID-19 confirmation from the date of illness onset among the cases linked to the Shincheonji religious group. This delay likely contributed to the occurrence of many cases of COVID-19 in the group."}, {"pmid": 32506067, "title": "Covid-19 and Exercise-Induced Immunomodulation.", "journal": "Neuroimmunomodulation", "authors": ["Leandro, Carol Gois", "Ferreira E Silva, Wylla Tatiana", "Lima-Silva, Adriano Eduardo"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506067", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213332, "pmcid": "PMC7158571", "title": "Interventions to mitigate early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore: a modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Koo, Joel R", "Cook, Alex R", "Park, Minah", "Sun, Yinxiaohe", "Sun, Haoyang", "Lim, Jue Tao", "Tam, Clarence", "Dickens, Borame L"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213332", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak began in the Chinese city of Wuhan on Dec 31, 2019, 68 imported cases and 175 locally acquired infections have been reported in Singapore. We aimed to investigate options for early intervention in Singapore should local containment (eg, preventing disease spread through contact tracing efforts) be unsuccessful. We adapted an influenza epidemic simulation model to estimate the likelihood of human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a simulated Singaporean population. Using this model, we estimated the cumulative number of SARS-CoV-2 infections at 80 days, after detection of 100 cases of community transmission, under three infectivity scenarios (basic reproduction number [R0] of 1\u00b75, 2\u00b70, or 2\u00b75) and assuming 7\u00b75% of infections are asymptomatic. We first ran the model assuming no intervention was in place (baseline scenario), and then assessed the effect of four intervention scenarios compared with a baseline scenario on the size and progression of the outbreak for each R0 value. These scenarios included isolation measures for infected individuals and quarantining of family members (hereafter referred to as quarantine); quarantine plus school closure; quarantine plus workplace distancing; and quarantine, school closure, and workplace distancing (hereafter referred to as the combined intervention). We also did sensitivity analyses by altering the asymptomatic fraction of infections (22\u00b77%, 30\u00b70%, 40\u00b70%, and 50\u00b70%) to compare outbreak sizes under the same control measures. For the baseline scenario, when R0 was 1\u00b75, the median cumulative number of infections at day 80 was 279\u2008000 (IQR 245\u2008000-320\u2008000), corresponding to 7\u00b74% (IQR 6\u00b75-8\u00b75) of the resident population of Singapore. The median number of infections increased with higher infectivity: 727\u2008000 cases (670\u2008000-776\u2008000) when R0 was 2\u00b70, corresponding to 19\u00b73% (17\u00b78-20\u00b76) of the Singaporean population, and 1\u2008207\u2008000 cases (1\u2008164\u2008000-1\u2008249\u2008000) when R0 was 2\u00b75, corresponding to 32% (30\u00b79-33\u00b71) of the Singaporean population. Compared with the baseline scenario, the combined intervention was the most effective, reducing the estimated median number of infections by 99\u00b73% (IQR 92\u00b76-99\u00b79) when R0 was 1\u00b75, by 93\u00b70% (81\u00b75-99\u00b77) when R0 was 2\u00b70, and by 78\u00b72% (59\u00b70 -94\u00b74) when R0 was 2\u00b75. Assuming increasing asymptomatic fractions up to 50\u00b70%, up to 277 000 infections were estimated to occur at day 80 with the combined intervention relative to 1800 for the baseline at R0 of 1\u00b75. Implementing the combined intervention of quarantining infected individuals and their family members, workplace distancing, and school closure once community transmission has been detected could substantially reduce the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. We therefore recommend immediate deployment of this strategy if local secondary transmission is confirmed within Singapore. However, quarantine and workplace distancing should be prioritised over school closure because at this early stage, symptomatic children have higher withdrawal rates from school than do symptomatic adults from work. At higher asymptomatic proportions, intervention effectiveness might be substantially reduced requiring the need for effective case management and treatments, and preventive measures such as vaccines. Singapore Ministry of Health, Singapore Population Health Improvement Centre."}, {"pmid": 32303245, "pmcid": "PMC7163347", "title": "The application of strong matrix management and PDCA cycle in the management of severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Li, Yuanchao", "Wang, Hongliang", "Jiao, Jundong"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303245", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342154, "title": "Interventional Radiology Procedures for COVID-19 Patients: How we Do it.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Too, Chow Wei", "Wen, David Wei", "Patel, Ankur", "Abdul Syafiq, Abdul Rahman", "Liu, Jian", "Leong, Sum", "Gogna, Apoorva", "Lo, Richard Hoau Gong", "Tashi, Sonam", "Lee, Kristen Alexa", "Kumar, Pradesh", "Lie, Sui An", "Tay, Yoong Chuan", "Lee, Lai Chee", "Ling, Moi Lin", "Tan, Bien Soo", "Tay, Kiang Hiong"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342154", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With astonishing speed, COVID-19 has become a global pandemic. As it is uncertain when the pandemic will be controlled, it is crucial for procedurists of all stripes to be familiar and confident in performing procedures for COVID-19 patients to prevent intra-hospital infection. In this article, we will detail our approach on how to perform interventional procedures for COVID-19 patients at the bedside in the isolation room and with the patient transferred to the interventional radiology centre. These workflows have been developed in conjunction with multiple other stakeholders within our hospital, drawing from valuable lessons we have learnt from the SARS outbreak of 2003."}, {"pmid": 32423661, "pmcid": "PMC7190475", "title": "[COVID-19 from a gender perspective].", "journal": "Gac Sanit", "authors": ["Castellanos-Torres, Esther", "Tomas Mateos, Jose", "Chilet-Rosell, Elisa"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423661", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434599, "title": "Covid 19 from the perspective of urban and rural general adult mental health services.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Lyne, John", "Roche, Eric", "Kamali, Moayyad", "Feeney, Larkin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434599", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 has presented society with one of the greatest challenges in living memory. Community Mental Health Teams have needed to adapt quickly to a rapidly developing situation which has had a dramatic impact on society. In this piece we describe some of the early challenges for community mental health teams within two mental health services based in Dublin and Wicklow. We also discuss ongoing developments and anticipate the need for further vigilance as the Covid-19 pandemic continues to evolve."}, {"pmid": 32404675, "pmcid": "PMC7268883", "title": "Global Survey on Pancreatic Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Oba, Atsushi", "Stoop, Thomas F", "Lohr, Matthias", "Hackert, Thilo", "Zyromski, Nicholas", "Nealon, William H", "Unno, Michiaki", "Schulick, Richard D", "Al-Musawi, Mohammed H", "Wu, Wenming", "Zhao, Yupei", "Satoi, Sohei", "Wolfgang, Christopher L", "Hilal, Mohammad Abu", "Besselink, Marc G", "Del Chiaro, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420956, "title": "History repeating. The plague of 1630 in Milan and the COVID-19 pandemia.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Ciulla, Michele M"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420956", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In western democracies, individual behaviour will be crucial to control the spread of COVID-19, as well as government actions [1] that unfortunately, except China, South Korea and Italy, followed by others,\u00a0 seems to be generally unconvinced and, speculatively, late. Indeed human history has been marked by epidemics/pandemics which have affected, more or less, large geographical areas [2]. Italy, as well as the rest of Europe, has often been affected by these phenomena and, Lombardy, due to his position, was, as today by COVID-19, severely stroked in Italy that is, after China, the second most affected country [3]. This is also linked to the position of Lombardy and its capital, Milan, but this is beyond this brief comment. There are several differences between the past plagues and the actual COVID-19 pandemic and these must be sought in the increased ability to transmit diseases at-distance through the mobility of humans and goods [4], and in the catastrophic consequences of the breakdown of ecosystems, as told, a few years ago, by David Quammen in the book Spillover [5]."}, {"pmid": 32224986, "pmcid": "PMC7178089", "title": "Human Saliva: Non-Invasive Fluid for Detecting Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Khurshid, Zohaib", "Asiri, Faris Yahya Ibrahim", "Al Wadaani, Hamed"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224986", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The breakthrough of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, a city of China, has damaged the status of health and quality of life. In the sequel of this epidemic or contagious disease, the patient experiences fever, chest paint, chills, a rapid heartbeat, breathing difficulties, pneumonia, and kidney failure. It has been suggested that this disease can spread through human-to-human transmission or by super spreading. By the help of the non-invasive fluid \"saliva\", it is easy to detect the virus. This can help with the comfort of the patient as well as healthcare personnel. Under this perspective, we discuss the epidemic situation of 2019-nCOV and its relationship with human saliva."}, {"pmid": 32331344, "pmcid": "PMC7215913", "title": "Hand Hygiene, Mask-Wearing Behaviors and Its Associated Factors during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross-Sectional Study among Primary School Students in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Chen, Xuyu", "Ran, Li", "Liu, Qing", "Hu, Qikai", "Du, Xueying", "Tan, Xiaodong"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331344", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the emphasis on behaviors of hand-washing and mask-wearing was repeated during the pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), not everyone paid enough attention to this. A descriptive statistic was used to make sense of the status of hand hygiene and mask-wearing among primary school students in Wuhan, China. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors affecting the behaviors of hand-washing and mask-wearing. p < 0.05 (two-sides) was considered as significant at statistics. 42.05% of the primary school students showed a good behavior of hand-washing, while 51.60% had a good behavior of mask-wearing. Gender, grade, out-going history, father's occupation, mother's educational background, and the time filling out the survey were significantly associated with hand hygiene, whereas grade, mother's educational background, and residence were associated with mask-wearing. The behaviors of hand-washing and mask-wearing among primary school students were influenced by gender, grade, shady is back tell a friendand other factors, therefore, parents should make efforts of behavior guidance whereas governments should enlarge medium publicity."}, {"pmid": 32406905, "pmcid": "PMC7239249", "title": "Navigating regulatory statutes during the Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Murray, Kara L", "Burgess, L Hayley", "Miller, Karla M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406905", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32064853, "title": "[The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32064853", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: An outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China has spread quickly nationwide. Here, we report results of a descriptive, exploratory analysis of all cases diagnosed as of February 11, 2020. Methods: All COVID-19 cases reported through February 11, 2020 were extracted from China's Infectious Disease Information System. Analyses included: 1) summary of patient characteristics; 2) examination of age distributions and sex ratios; 3) calculation of case fatality and mortality rates; 4) geo-temporal analysis of viral spread; 5) epidemiological curve construction; and 6) subgroup analysis. Results: A total of 72 314 patient records-44 672 (61.8%) confirmed cases, 16 186 (22.4%) suspected cases, 10567 (14.6%) clinical diagnosed cases (Hubei only), and 889 asymptomatic cases (1.2%)-contributed data for the analysis. Among confirmed cases, most were aged 30-79 years (86.6%), diagnosed in Hubei (74.7%), and considered mild/mild pneumonia (80.9%). A total of 1 023 deaths occurred among confirmed cases for an overall case-fatality rate of 2.3%. The COVID-19 spread outward from Hubei sometime after December 2019 and by February 11, 2020, 1 386 counties across all 31 provinces were affected. The epidemic curve of onset of symptoms peaked in January 23-26, then began to decline leading up to February 11. A total of 1 716 health workers have become infected and 5 have died (0.3%). Conclusions: The COVID-19 epidemic has spread very quickly. It only took 30 days to expand from Hubei to the rest of Mainland China. With many people returning from a long holiday, China needs to prepare for the possible rebound of the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32454984, "pmcid": "PMC7237624", "title": "Battling COVID-19: using old weapons for a new enemy.", "journal": "Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines", "authors": ["Kumar, Rohit", "Gupta, Nitin", "Kodan, Parul", "Mittal, Ankit", "Soneja, Manish", "Wig, Naveet"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454984", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has reached pandemic proportions. Most of the drugs that are being tried for the treatment have not been evaluated in any randomized controlled trials. The purpose of this review was to summarize the in-vitro and in-vivo efficacy of these drugs on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) and related viruses (SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) and evaluate their potential for re-purposing them in the management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32516677, "title": "Psychotic relapse from COVID-19 quarantine, a case report.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Sanchez-Alonso, Sergio", "Ovejero, Santiago", "Barrigon, Maria Luisa", "Baca-Garcia, Enrique"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516677", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32167166, "pmcid": "PMC7228214", "title": "An exclusive 42 amino acid signature in pp1ab protein provides insights into the evolutive history of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cardenas-Conejo, Yair", "Linan-Rico, Andromeda", "Garcia-Rodriguez, Daniel Alejandro", "Centeno-Leija, Sara", "Serrano-Posada, Hugo"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167166", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China, was the origin of a severe pneumonia outbreak in December 2019, attributed to a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]), causing a total of 2761 deaths and 81109 cases (25 February 2020). SARS-CoV-2 belongs to genus Betacoronavirus, subgenus Sarbecovirus. The polyprotein 1ab (pp1ab) remains unstudied thoroughly since it is similar to other sarbecoviruses. In this short communication, we performed phylogenetic-structural sequence analysis of pp1ab protein of SARS-CoV-2. The analysis showed that the viral pp1ab has not changed in most isolates throughout the outbreak time, but interestingly a deletion of 8 aa in the virulence factor nonstructural protein 1 was found in a virus isolated from a Japanese patient that did not display critical symptoms. While comparing pp1ab protein with other betacoronaviruses, we found a 42 amino acid signature that is only present in SARS-CoV-2 (AS-SCoV2). Members from clade 2 of sarbecoviruses have traces of this signature. The AS-SCoV2 located in the acidic-domain of papain-like protein of SARS-CoV-2 and bat-SL-CoV-RatG13 guided us to suggest that the novel 2019 coronavirus probably emerged by genetic drift from bat-SL-CoV-RaTG13. The implication of this amino acid signature in papain-like protein structure arrangement and function is something worth to be explored."}, {"pmid": 32425465, "pmcid": "PMC7228704", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: No time to drag our feet during an untimely pandemic.", "journal": "J Diabetes Complications", "authors": ["Kyrou, Ioannis", "Robbins, Tim", "Randeva, Harpal S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425465", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367169, "pmcid": "PMC7196717", "title": "What's new in lung ultrasound during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Volpicelli, Giovanni", "Lamorte, Alessandro", "Villen, Tomas"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367169", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425731, "pmcid": "PMC7229921", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic perception in adults with celiac disease: an impulse to implement the use of telemedicine: COVID-19 and CeD.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Siniscalchi, Monica", "Zingone, Fabiana", "Savarino, Edoardo Vincenzo", "D'Odorico, Anna", "Ciacci, Carolina"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425731", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes severe complications and deaths all over the world. COVID-19 also has indirect effects from the lockdown and the possible lack of food. We aimed to evaluate the perception of this in Celiac Disease (CeD) patients who require a lifelong gluten-free diet as a therapy. We invited by e-mail CeD adult patients from the University of Salerno (Campania, South Italy) and the University of Padua (Veneto, North Italy) to answer an ad hoc COVID-19 survey. We sent the web survey to 651 email addresses and we received 276 answers (42,4%). CeD patients did not feel more vulnerable because they had CeD (not at all 56.6%)and they did not worry much about the possible shortness of gluten-free food during the epidemic(not at all 48.5%)The most worried were the elderly patients, patients with other comorbidities and females. Finally, CeD patients were happy with remote consultations and explicitly asked to have them. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted a proportion of patients with CeD; in particular, women, elderly patients, patients with other comorbidities. COVID-19, although a challenging experience from the medical and the psychological point of view, has offered an opportunity to practice, on a large-scale, a remote consultation approach for CeD healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32452469, "title": "[About public health communication strategies and campaigns: what do you know about 2019-nCoV?]", "journal": "Rev Esp Salud Publica", "authors": ["Bilbatua Andres, Jon", "Mudaber, Jawad", "Jimenez-Vargas, Dennis", "Arrieta Angulo, Brandon"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452469", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361337, "pmcid": "PMC7177115", "title": "Facetime to reduce behavioral problems in a nursing home resident with Alzheimer's dementia during COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Padala, Sanjana P", "Jendro, Ashlyn M", "Orr, Lillian C"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361337", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275300, "title": "Suicide Mortality and Coronavirus Disease 2019-A Perfect Storm?", "journal": "JAMA Psychiatry", "authors": ["Reger, Mark A", "Stanley, Ian H", "Joiner, Thomas E"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275300", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473682, "pmcid": "PMC7255715", "title": "COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: a prospective cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Lee, Lennard Y W", "Cazier, Jean Baptiste", "Starkey, T", "Turnbull, C D", "Kerr, Rachel", "Middleton, Gary"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473682", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Individuals with cancer, particularly those who are receiving systemic anticancer treatments, have been postulated to be at increased risk of mortality from COVID-19. This conjecture has considerable effect on the treatment of patients with cancer and data from large, multicentre studies to support this assumption are scarce because of the contingencies of the pandemic. We aimed to describe the clinical and demographic characteristics and COVID-19 outcomes in patients with cancer. In this prospective observational study, all patients with active cancer and presenting to our network of cancer centres were eligible for enrolment into the UK Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project (UKCCMP). The UKCCMP is the first COVID-19 clinical registry that enables near real-time reports to frontline doctors about the effects of COVID-19 on patients with cancer. Eligible patients tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on RT-PCR assay from a nose or throat swab. We excluded patients with a radiological or clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, without a positive RT-PCR test. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, or discharge from hospital, as assessed by the reporting sites during the patient hospital admission. From March 18, to April 26, 2020, we analysed 800 patients with a diagnosis of cancer and symptomatic COVID-19. 412 (52%) patients had a mild COVID-19 disease course. 226 (28%) patients died and risk of death was significantly associated with advancing patient age (odds ratio 9\u00b742 [95% CI 6\u00b756-10\u00b702]; p<0\u00b70001), being male (1\u00b767 [1\u00b719-2\u00b734]; p=0\u00b7003), and the presence of other comorbidities such as hypertension (1\u00b795 [1\u00b736-2\u00b780]; p<0\u00b7001) and cardiovascular disease (2\u00b732 [1\u00b747-3\u00b764]). 281 (35%) patients had received cytotoxic chemotherapy within 4 weeks before testing positive for COVID-19. After adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities, chemotherapy in the past 4 weeks had no significant effect on mortality from COVID-19 disease, when compared with patients with cancer who had not received recent chemotherapy (1\u00b718 [0\u00b781-1\u00b772]; p=0\u00b7380). We found no significant effect on mortality for patients with immunotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy use within the past 4 weeks. Mortality from COVID-19 in cancer patients appears to be principally driven by age, gender, and comorbidities. We are not able to identify evidence that cancer patients on cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anticancer treatment are at an increased risk of mortality from COVID-19 disease compared with those not on active treatment. University of Birmingham, University of Oxford."}, {"pmid": 32324641, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 infection and the cardiovascular system.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)", "authors": ["Romeo, Francesco", "Calcaterra, Giuseppe", "Barilla, Francesco", "Mehta, Jawahar L"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324641", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243255, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA Detected in Blood Donations.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chang, Le", "Zhao, Lei", "Gong, Huafei", "Wang, Lunan", "Wang, Lan"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243255", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Because of high rates of 2019 novel coronavirus disease in Wuhan, China, Wuhan Blood Center began screening for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA on January 25, 2020. We screened donations in real-time and retrospectively and found plasma samples positive for viral RNA from 4 asymptomatic donors."}, {"pmid": 32097202, "title": "Six weeks into the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak: it is time to consider strategies to impede the emergence of new zoonotic infections.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Harypursat, Vijay", "Chen, Yao-Kai"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32097202", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416413, "pmcid": "PMC7204710", "title": "Covid-19 management with inflammation resolving mediators? Perspectives and potential.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Regidor, Pedro-Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416413", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387384, "pmcid": "PMC7202859", "title": "Modeling behavioral change and COVID-19 containment in Mexico: A trade-off between lockdown and compliance.", "journal": "Math Biosci", "authors": ["Acuna-Zegarra, Manuel Adrian", "Santana-Cibrian, Mario", "Velasco-Hernandez, Jorge X"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387384", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sanitary Emergency Measures (SEM) were implemented in Mexico on March 30th, 2020 requiring the suspension of non-essential activities. This action followed a Healthy Distance Sanitary action on March 23rd, 2020. The aim of both measures was to reduce community transmission of COVID-19 in Mexico by lowering the effective contact rate. Using a modification of the Kermack-McKendrick SEIR model we explore the effect of behavioral changes required to lower community transmission by introducing a time-varying contact rate, and the consequences of disease spread in a population subject to suspension of non-essential activities. Our study shows that there exists a trade-off between the proportion of the population under SEM and the average time an individual is committed to all the behavioral changes needed to achieve an effective social distancing. This trade-off generates an optimum value for the proportion of the population under strict mitigation measures, significantly below 1 in some cases, that minimizes maximum COVID-19 incidence. We study the population-level impact of three key factors: the implementation of behavior change control measures, the time horizon necessary to reduce the effective contact rate and the proportion of people under SEM in combating COVID-19. Our model is fitted to the available data. The initial phase of the epidemic, from February 17th to March 23rd, 2020, is used to estimate the contact rates, infectious periods and mortality rate using both confirmed cases (by date of symptoms initiation), and daily mortality. Data on deaths after March 23rd, 2020 is used to estimate the mortality rate after the mitigation measures are implemented. Our simulations indicate that the most likely dates for maximum incidence are between late May and early June, 2020 under a scenario of high SEM compliance and low SEM abandonment rate."}, {"pmid": 32355651, "pmcid": "PMC7188612", "title": "Unmatched clinical presentation and chest CT manifestation in a patient with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Zhang, Bin", "Zhang, Jue", "Chen, Hui", "Yang, Ke", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355651", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416028, "title": "Neurological manifestations and neuro-invasive mechanisms of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Vonck, Kristl", "Garrez, Ieme", "De Herdt, Veerle", "Hemelsoet, Dimitri", "Laureys, Guy", "Raedt, Robrecht", "Boon, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416028", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infections with coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract and various neurological manifestations have been reported. The aim of this study was to perform a review to describe neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19 and possible neuro-invasive mechanisms of Sars-CoV-2. Pubmed, WebOfScience and Covid-dedicated databases were searched for the combination of COVID-19 terminology and neurology terminology up to May 10th 2020. Social media channels were followed-up between March 15th and May 10th 2020 for postings with the same scope. Neurological manifestations were extracted from the identified manuscripts and combined to provide a useful summary for the neurologist in clinical practice. Neurological manifestations potentially related to COVID-19 have been reported in large studies, case series and case reports and include acute cerebrovascular diseases, impaired consciousness, cranial nerve manifestations and auto-immune disorders such as Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome often present in patients with more severe COVID-19. Cranial nerve symptoms such as olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are highly prevalent in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 even without associated nasal symptoms and often present in an early stage of the disease. Physicians should be aware of the neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19, especially when rapid clinical deterioration occurs. The neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients may be due to direct viral neurological injury or indirect neuroinflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms. No antiviral treatments against the virus or vaccines for its prevention are available and the long-term consequences of the infection on human health remain uncertain especially with regards to the neurological system."}, {"pmid": 32413374, "pmcid": "PMC7215168", "title": "Development of passive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 for management of immunodeficient patients-a perspective.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Hammarstrom, Lennart", "Abolhassani, Hassan", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Marcotte, Harold", "Pan-Hammarstrom, Qiang"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413374", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315803, "pmcid": "PMC7166006", "title": "Preliminary therapeutic drug monitoring data of beta-lactams in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Novy, Emmanuel", "Scala-Bertola, Julien", "Roger, Claire", "Guerci, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315803", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414403, "pmcid": "PMC7228672", "title": "COVID-19 mortality and ICU admission: the Italian experience.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Immovilli, Paolo", "Morelli, Nicola", "Antonucci, Elio", "Radaelli, Guido", "Barbera, Mario", "Guidetti, Donata"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414403", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401963, "pmcid": "PMC7196724", "title": "Medical care for spinal diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Silva, Ricardo Teixeira E", "Cristante, Alexandre Fogaca", "Marcon, Raphael Martus", "Barros-Filho, Tarcisio Eloy Pessoa de"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401963", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340978, "title": "The conundrum of COVID-19 treatment targets: the close correlation with rheumatology. Response to: 'Management of rheumatic diseases in the time of covid-19 pandemic: perspectives of rheumatology pracitioners from India' by Gupta et al and 'Antirheumatic agents in covid-19: is IL-6 the right target?' by Capeechi et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340978", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32290445, "pmcid": "PMC7215340", "title": "The Relationship between the Migrant Population's Migration Network and the Risk of COVID-19 Transmission in China-Empirical Analysis and Prediction in Prefecture-Level Cities.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Fan, Chenjing", "Cai, Tianmin", "Gai, Zhenyu", "Wu, Yuerong"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290445", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 in China has attracted wide attention from all over the world. The impact of COVID-19 has been significant, raising concerns regarding public health risks in China and worldwide. Migration may be the primary reason for the long-distance transmission of the disease. In this study, the following analyses were performed. (1) Using the data from the China migrant population survey in 2017 (Sample size = 432,907), a matrix of the residence-birthplace (R-B matrix) of migrant populations is constructed. The matrix was used to analyze the confirmed cases of COVID-19 at Prefecture-level Cities from February 1-15, 2020 after the outbreak in Wuhan, by calculating the probability of influx or outflow migration. We obtain a satisfactory regression analysis result (R2 = 0.826-0.887, N = 330). (2) We use this R-B matrix to simulate an outbreak scenario in 22 immigrant cities in China, and propose risk prevention measures after the outbreak. If similar scenarios occur in the cities of Wenzhou, Guangzhou, Dongguan, or Shenzhen, the disease transmission will be wider. (3) We also use a matrix to determine that cities in Henan province, Anhui province, and Municipalities (such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing) in China will have a high risk level of disease carriers after a similar emerging epidemic outbreak scenario due to a high influx or outflow of migrant populations."}, {"pmid": 32507409, "title": "Consensus summary report for CEPI/BC March 12-13, 2020 meeting: Assessment of risk of disease enhancement with COVID-19 vaccines.", "journal": "Vaccine", "authors": ["Lambert, Paul-Henri", "Ambrosino, Donna M", "Andersen, Svein R", "Baric, Ralph S", "Black, Steven B", "Chen, Robert T", "Dekker, Cornelia L", "Didierlaurent, Arnaud M", "Graham, Barney S", "Martin, Samantha D", "Molrine, Deborah C", "Perlman, Stanley", "Picard-Fraser, Philip A", "Pollard, Andrew J", "Qin, Chuan", "Subbarao, Kanta", "Cramer, Jakob P"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507409", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (CoV), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan, China and has since spread as a global pandemic. Safe and effective vaccines are thus urgently needed to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and ease the major economic impact. There has been an unprecedented rapid response by vaccine developers with now over one hundred vaccine candidates in development and at least six having reached clinical trials. However, a major challenge during rapid development is to avoid safety issues both by thoughtful vaccine design and by thorough evaluation in a timely manner. A syndrome of \"disease enhancement\" has been reported in the past for a few viral vaccines where those immunized suffered increased severity or death when they later encountered the virus or were found to have an increased frequency of infection. Animal models allowed scientists to determine the underlying mechanism for the former in the case of Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine and have been utilized to design and screen new RSV vaccine candidates. Because some Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS-CoV-1 vaccines have shown evidence of disease enhancement in some animal models, this is a particular concern for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. To address this challenge, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and the Brighton Collaboration (BC) Safety Platform for Emergency vACcines (SPEAC) convened a scientific working meeting on March 12 and 13, 2020 of experts in the field of vaccine immunology and coronaviruses to consider what vaccine designs could reduce safety concerns and how animal models and immunological assessments in early clinical trials can help to assess the risk. This report summarizes the evidence presented and provides considerations for safety assessment of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in accelerated vaccine development."}, {"pmid": 32264908, "pmcid": "PMC7136995", "title": "First statement on preparation for the COVID-19 pandemic in large German Speaking University-based radiation oncology departments.", "journal": "Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Combs, Stephanie E", "Belka, Claus", "Niyazi, Maximilian", "Corradini, Stefanie", "Pigorsch, Steffi", "Wilkens, Jan", "Grosu, Anca L", "Guckenberger, Matthias", "Ganswindt, Ute", "Bernhardt, Denise"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264908", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is challenging modern radiation oncology. At University Hospitals, we have a mandate to offer high-end treatments to all cancer patients. However, in times of crisis we must learn to prioritize resources, especially personnel. Compromising oncological outcome will blur all statistics, therefore all measures must be taken with great caution. Communication with our neighboring countries, within societies and between departments can help meet the challenge. Here, we report on our learning system and preparation measures to effectively tackle the COVID-19 challenge in University-Based Radiation Oncology Departments."}, {"pmid": 32096566, "pmcid": "PMC7228357", "title": "Early phylogenetic estimate of the effective reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lai, Alessia", "Bergna, Annalisa", "Acciarri, Carla", "Galli, Massimo", "Zehender, Gianguglielmo"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096566", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To reconstruct the evolutionary dynamics of the 2019 novel-coronavirus recently causing an outbreak in Wuhan, China, 52 SARS-CoV-2 genomes available on 4 February 2020 at Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data were analyzed. The two models used to estimate the reproduction number (coalescent-based exponential growth and a birth-death skyline method) indicated an estimated mean evolutionary rate of 7.8\u2009\u00d7\u200910-4 subs/site/year (range, 1.1\u2009\u00d7\u200910-4 -15\u2009\u00d7\u200910-4 ) and a mean tMRCA of the tree root of 73 days. The estimated R value was 2.6 (range, 2.1-5.1), and increased from 0.8 to 2.4 in December 2019. The estimated mean doubling time of the epidemic was between 3.6 and 4.1 days. This study proves the usefulness of phylogeny in supporting the surveillance of emerging new infections even as the epidemic is growing."}, {"pmid": 32425299, "pmcid": "PMC7233222", "title": "Prolonged viral persistence in COVID-19 second trimester pregnant patient.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Panichaya, Punika", "Thaweerat, Wajana", "Uthaisan, Juthaporn"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425299", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464639, "title": "Disaster Preparedness and Social Justice in a Public Health Emergency.", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Pollack, Harold A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464639", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The United States is now experiencing public health catastrophe on a scale we have not seen for more than a century. COVID-19 puts into stark relief our mutual obligations that reflect our interdependence as participants in a common society. Drawing on the work of Amartya Sen concerning famine and related challenges, I discuss the accompanying implications for social justice. Social justice in catastrophe requires strong social insurance structures and legal protections for the most vulnerable people, who would otherwise lack economic resources and political influence to protect their essential interests. Social justice also requires greater and more-sustained attention to disaster preparedness and public health infrastructure-both of which are characteristically neglected, in part because the public health enterprise is identified with politically weak and often stigmatized populations."}, {"pmid": 32324429, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Natural Experiment.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Thomson, Blake"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324429", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32130047, "title": "Deja Vu or Jamais Vu? How the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Experience Influenced a Singapore Radiology Department's Response to the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Cheng, Lionel Tim-Ee", "Chan, Lai Peng", "Tan, Ban Hock", "Chen, Robert Chun", "Tay, Kiang Hiong", "Ling, Moi Lin", "Tan, Bien Soo"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32130047", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. This article shares the ground operational perspective of how a tertiary hospital radiology department in Singapore is responding to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic. This same department was also deeply impacted by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003. CONCLUSION. Though similar to SARS, the COVID-19 outbreak has several differences. We share how lessons from 2003 are applied and modified in our ongoing operational response to this evolving novel pathogen."}, {"pmid": 32500327, "pmcid": "PMC7271825", "title": "Endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy and ENT specialist safety in the COVID 19 era: the back endoscopy approach to the patient.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Di Maio, Pasquale", "Traverso, Daniela", "Iocca, Oreste", "De Virgilio, Armando", "Spriano, Giuseppe", "Giudice, Marco"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500327", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To propose a way to safely perform endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy in ENT outpatient clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. This manuscript highlights the importance of endoscopy in daily ENT clinical practice, which is a pivotal procedure in the diagnosis of many head and neck pathologies. However, since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, the authors have witnessed a drastic reduction (91%) in the use of endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy at their institutions. In fact, it is considered at risk of contamination for healthcare professionals, as any upper airway manipulation procedure. In the \"Back approach to the patient\" for endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy, the operator positions himself behind the patient and faces the monitor. The endoscopist, not being positioned in front of the patient, should, therefore, be less exposed to airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus. This simple variation of the physician's position during endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy could potentially reduce the risk of contagion since the operator is not in the trajectory of droplets and/or aerosols."}, {"pmid": 32298748, "pmcid": "PMC7153515", "title": "Grief During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Palliative Care Providers.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Wallace, Cara L", "Wladkowski, Stephanie P", "Gibson, Allison", "White, Patrick"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298748", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is anticipated to continue spreading widely across the globe throughout 2020. To mitigate the devastating impact of COVID-19, social distancing and visitor restrictions in health care facilities have been widely implemented. Such policies and practices, along with the direct impact of the spread of COVID-19, complicate issues of grief that are relevant to medical providers. We describe the relationship of the COVID-19 pandemic to anticipatory grief, disenfranchised grief, and complicated grief for individuals, families, and their providers. Furthermore, we provide discussion regarding countering this grief through communication, advance care planning, and self-care practices. We provide resources for health care providers, in addition to calling on palliative care providers to consider their own role as a resource to other specialties during this public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32288543, "pmcid": "PMC7146014", "title": "Is Sub-Saharan Africa prepared for COVID-19?", "journal": "Trop Med Health", "authors": ["Nuwagira, Edwin", "Muzoora, Conrad"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288543", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is the latest virus to cause global health panic. Due to the rapidly escalating numbers of new infections outside China, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, in a message delivered by Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the WHO Director-General [1]. As of March 21, about 166 countries globally had recoded cases of the COVID-19 in only 4\u2009months since its outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China [2, 3]. With the Antarctic continent unaffected, Africa, in particular Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), has recorded the least number of cases, despite the cited moderate-to-high risk of infection [4]. The biggest challenge is whether Sub-Saharan Africa is ready for this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32452904, "title": "COVID-19 Crisis Creates Opportunities for Community-Centered Population Health: Community Health Workers at the Center.", "journal": "J Ambul Care Manage", "authors": ["Goldfield, Norbert I", "Crittenden, Robert", "Fox, Durrell", "McDonough, John", "Nichols, Len", "Lee Rosenthal, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452904", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dealing with the COVID-19 coronavirus requires a coordinated transnational effort. We propose a 2-stage state-led effort that utilizes community health workers (CHWs). We spell out what is beginning to occur in states to control and suppress COVID-19. In the second stage, we suggest working with these CHWs as a key element in the next evolution of our health care system: community-centered population health."}, {"pmid": 32407647, "title": "The coronavirus pandemic: can we handle such epidemics better?", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Gotzsche, Peter C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407647", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247319, "pmcid": "PMC7270910", "title": "Cancer guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Burki, Talha Khan"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247319", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342998, "pmcid": "PMC7267600", "title": "American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Policy Brief: COVID-19 and Assisted Living Facilities.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This policy brief sets forth the American Geriatrics Society's (AGS's) recommendations to guide federal, state, and local governments when making decisions about care for older adults in assisted living facilities (ALFs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It focuses on the need for personal protective equipment, access to testing, public health support for infection control, and workforce training. The AGS continues to review guidance set forth in peer-reviewed articles, as well as ongoing and updated guidance from the US Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other key agencies. This brief is based on the situation and any federal guidance or actions as of April 15, 2020. Joining a separate AGS policy brief on COVID-19 in nursing homes (DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16477), this brief is focused on ALFs, given that varied structure and staffing can impact their response to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32289235, "pmcid": "PMC7258637", "title": "Improved Prognosis in Cystic Fibrosis: Consideration for Intensive Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Ramos, Kathleen J", "Pilewski, Joseph M", "Faro, Albert", "Marshall, Bruce C"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289235", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503298, "title": "AI Chatbot Design during an Epidemic Like the Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "Healthcare (Basel)", "authors": ["Battineni, Gopi", "Chintalapudi, Nalini", "Amenta, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the discovery of the Coronavirus (nCOV-19), it has become a global pandemic. At the same time, it has been a great challenge to hospitals or healthcare staff to manage the flow of the high number of cases. Especially in remote areas, it is becoming more difficult to consult a medical specialist when the immediate hit of the epidemic has occurred. Thus, it becomes obvious that if effectively designed and deployed chatbot can help patients living in remote areas by promoting preventive measures, virus updates, and reducing psychological damage caused by isolation and fear. This study presents the design of a sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot for the purpose of diagnostic evaluation and recommending immediate measures when patients are exposed to nCOV-19. In addition, presenting a virtual assistant can also measure the infection severity and connects with registered doctors when symptoms become serious."}, {"pmid": 32205220, "pmcid": "PMC7154217", "title": "Don't Overlook Digestive Symptoms in Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Luo, Shihua", "Zhang, Xiaochun", "Xu, Haibo"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205220", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456368, "title": "[Therapy of coronavirus disease 2019 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome is different from traditional acute respiratory distress syndrome].", "journal": "Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi", "authors": ["Pan, C", "Xie, J F", "Qiu, H B", "Yang, Y"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456368", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health emergency threatening people's lives around the world. Although the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by COVID-19 is similar to the ARDS caused by other diseases in terms of pathophysiological basis and clinical manifestations, they are also different in many aspects, which lead to different clinical therapies. Therefore, understanding the differences and similarities of ARDS induced by COVID-19 and other diseases currently are the basis for clinicians to make decisions for the treatment of COVID-19 induced ARDS."}, {"pmid": 32505241, "title": "Salient lessons from Russia's COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505241", "countries": ["Russian Federation"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427650, "title": "Generalizability of Deep Learning Tuberculosis Classifier to COVID-19 Chest Radiographs: New Tricks for an Old Algorithm?", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Yi, Paul H", "Kim, Tae Kyung", "Lin, Cheng Ting"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427650", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294485, "pmcid": "PMC7152876", "title": "Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Li, Xiaochen", "Xu, Shuyun", "Yu, Muqing", "Wang, Ke", "Tao, Yu", "Zhou, Ying", "Shi, Jing", "Zhou, Min", "Wu, Bo", "Yang, Zhenyu", "Zhang, Cong", "Yue, Junqing", "Zhang, Zhiguo", "Renz, Harald", "Liu, Xiansheng", "Xie, Jungang", "Xie, Min", "Zhao, Jianping"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294485", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak occurred in Wuhan. Data on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 are limited. We sought to evaluate the severity on admission, complications, treatment, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 admitted to Tongji Hospital from January 26, 2020, to February 5, 2020, were retrospectively enrolled and followed-up until March 3, 2020. Potential risk factors for severe COVID-19 were analyzed by a multivariable binary logistic model. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for survival analysis in severe patients. We identified 269 (49.1%) of 548 patients as severe cases on admission. Older age, underlying hypertension, high cytokine levels (IL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-\u03b1), and high lactate dehydrogenase level were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 on admission. The prevalence of asthma in patients with COVID-19 was 0.9%, markedly lower than that in the adult population of Wuhan. The estimated mortality was 1.1% in nonsevere patients and 32.5% in severe cases during the average 32 days of follow-up period. Survival analysis revealed that male sex, older age, leukocytosis, high lactate dehydrogenase level, cardiac injury, hyperglycemia, and high-dose corticosteroid use were associated with death in patients with severe COVID-19. Patients with older age, hypertension, and high lactate dehydrogenase level need careful observation and early intervention to prevent the potential development of severe COVID-19. Severe male patients with heart injury, hyperglycemia, and high-dose corticosteroid use may have a high risk of death."}, {"pmid": 32468343, "pmcid": "PMC7255828", "title": "Estimation of reproduction numbers of COVID-19 in typical countries and epidemic trends under different prevention and control scenarios.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Xu, Chen", "Dong, Yinqiao", "Yu, Xiaoyue", "Wang, Huwen", "Tsamlag, Lhakpa", "Zhang, Shuxian", "Chang, Ruijie", "Wang, Zezhou", "Yu, Yuelin", "Long, Rusi", "Wang, Ying", "Xu, Gang", "Shen, Tian", "Wang, Suping", "Zhang, Xinxin", "Wang, Hui", "Cai, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468343", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a life-threatening pandemic. The epidemic trends in different countries vary considerably due to different policy-making and resources mobilization. We calculated basic reproduction number (R0) and the time-varying estimate of the effective reproductive number (Rt) of COVID-19 by using the maximum likelihood method and the sequential Bayesian method, respectively. European and North American countries possessed higher R0 and unsteady Rt fluctuations, whereas some heavily affected Asian countries showed relatively low R0 and declining Rt now. The numbers of patients in Africa and Latin America are still low, but the potential risk of huge outbreaks cannot be ignored. Three scenarios were then simulated, generating distinct outcomes by using SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infectious, and removed) model. First, evidence-based prompt responses yield lower transmission rate followed by decreasing Rt. Second, implementation of effective control policies at a relatively late stage, in spite of huge casualties at early phase, can still achieve containment and mitigation. Third, wisely taking advantage of the time-window for developing countries in Africa and Latin America to adopt adequate measures can save more people's life. Our mathematical modeling provides evidence for international communities to develop sound design of containment and mitigation policies for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32447571, "pmcid": "PMC7245191", "title": "The Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2 or n-COV19), the Cause of COVID-19.", "journal": "Protein J", "authors": ["Yoshimoto, Francis K"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447571", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The devastating effects of the recent global pandemic (termed COVID-19 for \"coronavirus disease 2019\") caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) are paramount with new cases and deaths growing at an exponential rate. In order to provide a better understanding of SARS CoV-2, this article will review the proteins found in the SARS CoV-2 that caused this global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32523143, "title": "Nursing before COVID-19, a key point for the prevention, control and mitigation of the pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Cadena-Estrada, Julio C", "Olvera-Arreola, Sandra S", "Lopez-Flores, Liliana", "Perez-Hernandez, Elvia", "Lira-Rodriguez, Gabriela", "Sanchez-Cisneros, Noe", "Quintero-Barrios, Martha M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523143", "countries": ["China", "Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 outbreak originated in China has reached Mexico. However, the scientific community, including nursing, has generated vertiginous evidence that can help make decisions in the care of the affected population. The purpose of this study is to describe the nursing experience before COVID-19 as a key point for the prevention, control and mitigation of the pandemic. Based on the recommendations issued by the Ministry of Health, the clinical evidence and the resources available in the health institutions, the disease prevention measures have been initiated and maintained both in the community and in the health institutions. The reconversion of hospitals and care protocols adapted to our context are trying to strengthen the control and mitigation of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32362583, "pmcid": "PMC7194881", "title": "Emergency preparedness and response (EP&R) by pharmacy professionals in India: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and the way forward.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Meghana, Aruru", "Aparna, Yerramilli", "Chandra, Sekar M", "Sanjeev, Sharma"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362583", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of Emergency Preparedness & Response (EP&R) education, training, capacity building and infrastructure development in India. During the pandemic, pharmacy professionals (PPs) in India have continued to provide medications, supplies and services. India's public-private healthcare system is complex and of variable quality. Lacunae in pharmacy education, training, and lack of resolution around pharmacist roles present challenges in providing health services to patients. Such lack of differentiation creates challenges around role specifications and appropriate placement of PPs in patient care and on EP&R task forces or representation at the policy level. This study aimed to gain rapid insights from PPs in India regarding their roles and preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey comprising 20 questions regarding EP&R and Operations management was developed using the Qualtrics\u00ae survey software and administered to a sample of PPs. Survey results indicate that PPs were actively involved in essential pharmacy services despite minimal EP&R training. Based on lessons learned during COVID-19, lacunae in knowledge, training and regulations were identified and recommendations are provided to broaden PP roles and enable them to be better prepared and actively engaged in EP&R for future emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32505491, "title": "Clinical distancing of hospitalized patients with advanced heart failure and cardiac transplantation during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Walsh, Mary Norine", "Ravichandran, Ashwin K", "Seasor, Erica", "Salerno, Christopher T"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505491", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281163, "pmcid": "PMC7262149", "title": "Cancer and COVID-19: A call for comments.", "journal": "Psychooncology", "authors": ["Watson, Maggie", "Lam, Wendy W T", "Pirl, William", "Fielding, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281163", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391586, "pmcid": "PMC7272993", "title": "COVID-19 pandemics and oral health care for older adults.", "journal": "Spec Care Dentist", "authors": ["Marchini, Leonardo", "Ettinger, Ronald L"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391586", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198066, "pmcid": "PMC7102657", "title": "Advance of promising targets and agents against COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Drug Discov Today", "authors": ["Duan, Yongtao", "Zhu, Hai-Liang", "Zhou, Chongchen"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198066", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329971, "pmcid": "PMC7200056", "title": "Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Arons, Melissa M", "Hatfield, Kelly M", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Kimball, Anne", "James, Allison", "Jacobs, Jesica R", "Taylor, Joanne", "Spicer, Kevin", "Bardossy, Ana C", "Oakley, Lisa P", "Tanwar, Sukarma", "Dyal, Jonathan W", "Harney, Josh", "Chisty, Zeshan", "Bell, Jeneita M", "Methner, Mark", "Paul, Prabasaj", "Carlson, Christina M", "McLaughlin, Heather P", "Thornburg, Natalie", "Tong, Suxiang", "Tamin, Azaibi", "Tao, Ying", "Uehara, Anna", "Harcourt, Jennifer", "Clark, Shauna", "Brostrom-Smith, Claire", "Page, Libby C", "Kay, Meagan", "Lewis, James", "Montgomery, Patty", "Stone, Nimalie D", "Clark, Thomas A", "Honein, Margaret A", "Duchin, Jeffrey S", "Jernigan, John A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329971", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can spread rapidly within skilled nursing facilities. After identification of a case of Covid-19 in a skilled nursing facility, we assessed transmission and evaluated the adequacy of symptom-based screening to identify infections in residents. We conducted two serial point-prevalence surveys, 1 week apart, in which assenting residents of the facility underwent nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal testing for SARS-CoV-2, including real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), viral culture, and sequencing. Symptoms that had been present during the preceding 14 days were recorded. Asymptomatic residents who tested positive were reassessed 7 days later. Residents with SARS-CoV-2 infection were categorized as symptomatic with typical symptoms (fever, cough, or shortness of breath), symptomatic with only atypical symptoms, presymptomatic, or asymptomatic. Twenty-three days after the first positive test result in a resident at this skilled nursing facility, 57 of 89 residents (64%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among 76 residents who participated in point-prevalence surveys, 48 (63%) tested positive. Of these 48 residents, 27 (56%) were asymptomatic at the time of testing; 24 subsequently developed symptoms (median time to onset, 4 days). Samples from these 24 presymptomatic residents had a median rRT-PCR cycle threshold value of 23.1, and viable virus was recovered from 17 residents. As of April 3, of the 57 residents with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11 had been hospitalized (3 in the intensive care unit) and 15 had died (mortality, 26%). Of the 34 residents whose specimens were sequenced, 27 (79%) had sequences that fit into two clusters with a difference of one nucleotide. Rapid and widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated in this skilled nursing facility. More than half of residents with positive test results were asymptomatic at the time of testing and most likely contributed to transmission. Infection-control strategies focused solely on symptomatic residents were not sufficient to prevent transmission after SARS-CoV-2 introduction into this facility."}, {"pmid": 32324618, "pmcid": "PMC7253050", "title": "Prehabilitation May Help Mitigate an Increase in COVID-19 Peripandemic Surgical Morbidity and Mortality.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Silver, Julie K"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324618", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As physicians specializing in rehabilitation medicine consider sequelae from the novel coronavirus pandemic that began in 2019, one issue that should be top of mind is the physiologic effect that large-scale social distancing had on the health of patients in general but, more specifically, on preoperative patients who had their surgeries delayed or will have newly scheduled procedures during the peripandemic period. Predictably, as the virus becomes less prevalent, there will be a tremendous motivation to move forward with scheduling operations from both patient care and institutional perspectives. However, one can anticipate a pandemic-related increase in surgical morbidity and mortality above prepandemic levels, particularly in older or medically frail patients even if they did not have a novel coronavirus (i.e., COVID-19) infection. Therefore, now is the time to consider for patients awaiting surgery a wider adoption of prehabilitation-physical and psychological assessments that establish a baseline functional level, identify impairments, and provide interventions that promote physical and psychological health to reduce the incidence and/or severity of future impairments."}, {"pmid": 32319519, "pmcid": "PMC7188140", "title": "Transmission potential of asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections: a three-family cluster study in China.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jiang, Xiao-Lin", "Zhang, Xiao-Li", "Zhao, Xiang-Na", "Li, Cun-Bao", "Lei, Jie", "Kou, Zeng-Qiang", "Sun, Wen-Kui", "Hang, Yang", "Gao, Feng", "Ji, Sheng-Xiang", "Lin, Can-Fang", "Pang, Bo", "Yao, Ming-Xiao", "Anderson, Benjamin D", "Wang, Guo-Lin", "Yao, Lin", "Duan, Li-Jun", "Kang, Dian-Ming", "Ma, Mai-Juan"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319519", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data concerning the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic patients are lacking. We report a 3-family cluster of infections involving asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic transmission. Eight of 15 (53%) members from 3 families were confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of 8 patients, 3 were asymptomatic and 1 was paucisymptomatic. An asymptomatic mother transmitted the virus to her son, and a paucisymptomatic father transmitted the virus to his 3-month-old daughter. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the environment of 1 household. The complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the patients were >\u200999.9% identical and were clustered with other SARS-CoV-2 sequences reported from China and other countries."}, {"pmid": 32436835, "title": "Isolated Anosmia as a Presentation of COVID-19: An Experience in a Referral Hospital.", "journal": "Infect Disord Drug Targets", "authors": ["Ghiasvand, Fereshteh", "SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436835", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462375, "pmcid": "PMC7252420", "title": "Manufacturing and supply of face shields in hospital operation in case of unclear and confirmed COVID-19 infection status of patients.", "journal": "Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Neijhoft, Jonas", "Viertmann, Tobias", "Meier, Simon", "Sohling, Nicolas", "Wicker, Sabine", "Henrich, Dirk", "Marzi, Ingo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462375", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304640, "pmcid": "PMC7159849", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine in the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19: the need for an evidence base.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Taccone, Fabio S", "Gorham, Julie", "Vincent, Jean-Louis"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304640", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417594, "pmcid": "PMC7227565", "title": "Supplements for COVID-19: A modifiable environmental risk.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Young, Trevor K", "Zampella, John G"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500769, "title": "Surgical intervention in patients with proximal femoral fractures confirmed positive for COVID-19-a report of 2 cases.", "journal": "Acta Orthop", "authors": ["Song, Suk Kyoon", "Choi, Won Kee", "Cho, Myung Rae"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500769", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32022836, "title": "2019 Novel Coronavirus-Important Information for Clinicians.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Del Rio, Carlos", "Malani, Preeti N"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32022836", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324047, "title": "Future-proofing cardiac rehabilitation: Transitioning services to telehealth during COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Thomas, Emma", "Gallagher, Robyn", "Grace, Sherry L"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324047", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339268, "pmcid": "PMC7267581", "title": "Angry viruses make us sick: a child's depiction of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur J Immunol", "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339268", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497750, "pmcid": "PMC7263233", "title": "The role of vascular surgeons in the treatment of COVID-19-associated pulmonary embolism.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Patelis, Nikolaos", "Bisdas, Theodosios", "Tsiachris, Dimitrios", "Stefanadis, Christodoulos I"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497750", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205186, "pmcid": "PMC7102591", "title": "COVID-19 infection and rheumatoid arthritis: Faraway, so close!", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Favalli, Ennio Giulio", "Ingegnoli, Francesca", "De Lucia, Orazio", "Cincinelli, Gilberto", "Cimaz, Rolando", "Caporali, Roberto"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205186", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the new coronavirus infections COVID-19 in December 2019 in China has quickly become a global health emergency. Given the lack of specific anti-viral therapies, the current management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2) is mainly supportive, even though several compounds are now under investigation for the treatment of this life-threatening disease. COVID-19 pandemic is certainly conditioning the treatment strategy of a complex disorder as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), whose infectious risk is increased compared to the general population because of an overall impairment of immune system typical of autoimmune diseases combined with the iatrogenic effect generated by corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. However, the increasing knowledge about the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection is leading to consider some anti-rheumatic drugs as potential treatment options for the management of COVID-19. In this review we will critically analyse the evidences on either positive or negative effect of drugs commonly used to treat RA in this particular scenario, in order to optimize the current approach to RA patients."}, {"pmid": 32501803, "title": "Wearable activity trackers for monitoring adherence to home confinement during the Covid-19 pandemic: a worldwide picture.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Pepin, Jean-Louis", "Bruno, Rosa Maria", "Yang, Ruiyi", "Vercamer, Vincent", "Jouhaud, Paul", "Escourrou, Pierre", "Boutouyrie, Pierre"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501803", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of COVID-19 home confinement, objective, real-time data are needed to assess the population's adherence to home confinement in order to adapt policies and control measures. Wearable activity trackers provide continuous monitoring of people's natural activity patterns whatever their location. We asked whether the huge amount of data they provide might reflect adherence to confinement rules. We analyzed data on number of steps per day from over 740,000 individuals around the world. Results: We show physical activity patterns in several representative countries with total, partial or no home confinement. The decrease in steps per day regions with strict total home confinement ranged from -25 to -54%. Aggregate analysis of activity tracker data, with the potential for a daily update, can inform governments on the adherence to home-confinement policies. "}, {"pmid": 32253003, "pmcid": "PMC7269707", "title": "COVID-19 virus and children: What do we know?", "journal": "Arch Pediatr", "authors": ["Morand, A", "Fabre, A", "Minodier, P", "Boutin, A", "Vanel, N", "Bosdure, E", "Fournier, P E"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253003", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522506, "title": "Xenophobia in America in the Age of Coronavirus and Beyond.", "journal": "J Vasc Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Huang, Junjian", "Liu, Raymond"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522506", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212515, "title": "Novel Coronavirus and Old Lessons - Preparing the Health System for the Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hick, John L", "Biddinger, Paul D"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212515", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473011, "title": "Potential inhibition of COVID-19-driven pneumonia by immunosuppressive therapy and anti-TNFalpha antibodies: a case report.", "journal": "J Crohns Colitis", "authors": ["Kunisaki, Reiko", "Tsukiji, Jun", "Kudo, Makoto"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473011", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32115186, "pmcid": "PMC7124191", "title": "Outbreak of a new coronavirus: what anaesthetists should know.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Peng, Philip W H", "Ho, Pak-Leung", "Hota, Susy S"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32115186", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342674, "title": "Glove-Wall System for Respiratory Specimen Collection and COVID-19 Mass Screening.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Koo, Bo Kyung", "Bang, Ji Hwan", "Kim, Sun Young", "Kim, Eun Jin", "Park, Sang Won"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342674", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483311, "pmcid": "PMC7261650", "title": "COVID-19 patients with hypertension have more severe disease: a multicenter retrospective observational study.", "journal": "Hypertens Res", "authors": ["Huang, Songjiang", "Wang, Jianwen", "Liu, Fen", "Liu, Jiacheng", "Cao, Guijuan", "Yang, Chongtu", "Liu, Wei", "Tu, Chao", "Zhu, Muxin", "Xiong, Bin"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483311", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to explore the effect of hypertension on disease progression and prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 310 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were studied. A comparison was made between two groups of patients, those with hypertension and those without hypertension. Their demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, and treatment methods were collected and analyzed. A total of 310 patients, including 113 patients with hypertension and 197 patients without hypertension, were included in the analysis. Compared with patients without hypertension, patients with hypertension were older, were more likely to have diabetes and cerebrovascular disease, and were more likely to be transferred to the intensive care unit. The neutrophil count and lactate dehydrogenase, fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels in hypertensive patients were significantly higher than those in nonhypertensive patients (P\u2009<\u20090.05). However, multivariate analysis (adjusted for age and sex) failed to show that hypertension was an independent risk factor for COVID-19 mortality or severity. COVID-19 patients with hypertension were more likely than patients without hypertension to have severe pneumonia, excessive inflammatory reactions, organ and tissue damage, and deterioration of the disease. Patients with hypertension should be given additional attention to prevent worsening of their condition."}, {"pmid": 32278725, "pmcid": "PMC7195575", "title": "Medically Necessary, Time-Sensitive Procedures: Scoring System to Ethically and Efficiently Manage Resource Scarcity and Provider Risk During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Prachand, Vivek N", "Milner, Ross", "Angelos, Peter", "Posner, Mitchell C", "Fung, John J", "Agrawal, Nishant", "Jeevanandam, Valluvan", "Matthews, Jeffrey B"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hospitals have severely curtailed the performance of nonurgent surgical procedures in anticipation of the need to redeploy healthcare resources to meet the projected massive medical needs of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Surgical treatment of non-COVID-19 related disease during this period, however, still remains necessary. The decision to proceed with medically necessary, time-sensitive (MeNTS) procedures in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic requires incorporation of factors (resource limitations, COVID-19 transmission risk to providers and patients) heretofore not overtly considered by surgeons in the already complicated processes of clinical judgment and shared decision-making. We describe a scoring system that systematically integrates these factors to facilitate decision-making and triage for MeNTS procedures, and appropriately weighs individual patient risks with the ethical necessity of optimizing public health concerns. This approach is applicable across a broad range of hospital settings (academic and community, urban and rural) in the midst of the pandemic and may be able to inform case triage as operating room capacity resumes once the acute phase of the pandemic subsides."}, {"pmid": 32382141, "pmcid": "PMC7205024", "title": "Surgeon's protection during ophthalmic surgery in the Covid-19 era: a novel fitted drape for ophthalmic operating microscopes.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Anguita, Rodrigo", "Tossounis, Harry", "Mehat, Manjit", "Eames, Ian", "Wickham, Louisa"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32129842, "pmcid": "PMC7108145", "title": "A glimpse into the origins of genetic diversity in SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wertheim, Joel O"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129842", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511676, "title": "Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Related to COVID-19 in Previously Healthy Children and Adolescents in New York City.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Cheung, Eva W", "Zachariah, Philip", "Gorelik, Mark", "Boneparth, Alexis", "Kernie, Steven G", "Orange, Jordan S", "Milner, Joshua D"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511676", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397697, "title": "[Investigation of transmission chain of a cluster COVID-19 cases].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhao, H", "Li, B S", "Xia, Y", "Zhou, H L", "Li, T R", "Zeng, Y", "Zhu, X L", "Zhou, Y X", "Li, Q"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397697", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze of the transmission characteristics of a cluster of COVID-19 cases in Chongqing and evaluate the infectivity of COVID-19 in the incubation period. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted by using unified questionnaire through field and telephone interviews among 129 close contacts of COVID-19 cases. The relationship of transmission was indicated by transmission chain, and the infectivity was analyzed by the contact history. Results: This cluster of COVID-19 cases occurred after a classmate party involving members in three families and work fellows in a factory (R(0)=3.8). The infection rate during the incubation period was 17.57%. On average, it was infectious three days before onset. There was significant difference in infection rate among different contact modes (\u03c7(2)=15.10, P<0.01),There was significant difference in infection rate among single exposureswith different time length ( \u03c7(2)=25.08, P<0.01). Conclusions: COVID-19 is highly infectious in the incubation period. The more confined the space is, the higher the risk is,and the longer the single exposure is, the higher the risk of transmission is. Indirect contact transmission still exists."}, {"pmid": 32471766, "pmcid": "PMC7244428", "title": "Economic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the plastic surgery community.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Inglesby, Dani C", "Boyd, Carter J"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320138, "pmcid": "PMC7264551", "title": "Management of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: Iranian\"247\" National Committee's position paper on primary percutaneous coronary intervention.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Sadeghipour, Parham", "Talasaz, Azita H", "Eslami, Vahid", "Geraiely, Babak", "Vojdanparast, Mohammad", "Sedaghat, Mojtaba", "Moosavi, Abouzar Fakhr", "Alipour-Parsa, Saeed", "Aminian, Bahram", "Firouzi, Ata", "Ghaffari, Samad", "Ghasemi, Massoud", "Saleh, Davood Kazemi", "Khosravi, Alireza", "Kojuri, Javad", "Noohi, Feridoun", "Pourhosseini, Hamid", "Salarifar, Mojtaba", "Salehi, Mohamad Reza", "Sezavar, Hashem", "Shabestari, Mahmoud", "Soleimani, Abbas", "Tabarsi, Payam", "Parsa, Amir Farhang Zand", "Abdi, Seifollah"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320138", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "World Health Organization has designated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. During the past several weeks, a considerable burden has been imposed on the Iranian's healthcare system. The present document reviewed the latest evidence and expert opinion regarding the management of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction during the outbreak of COVID-19 and outlines a practical algorithm for it."}, {"pmid": 32321074, "title": "COVID-19 and opportunities for international cooperation in health.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Buss, Paulo Marchiori", "Tobar, Sebastian"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321074", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32187007, "pmcid": "PMC7258476", "title": "Identifying and Interrupting Superspreading Events-Implications for Control of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Frieden, Thomas R", "Lee, Christopher T"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187007", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It appears inevitable that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 will continue to spread. Although we still have limited information on the epidemiology of this virus, there have been multiple reports of superspreading events (SSEs), which are associated with both explosive growth early in an outbreak and sustained transmission in later stages. Although SSEs appear to be difficult to predict and therefore difficult to prevent, core public health actions can prevent and reduce the number and impact of SSEs. To prevent and control of SSEs, speed is essential. Prevention and mitigation of SSEs depends, first and foremost, on quickly recognizing and understanding these events, particularly within healthcare settings. Better understanding transmission dynamics associated with SSEs, identifying and mitigating high-risk settings, strict adherence to healthcare infection prevention and control measures, and timely implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions can help prevent and control severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, as well as future infectious disease outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32253181, "title": "Covid-19: UK government writes off pound13.4bn of hospital debts to ease pressures.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253181", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532318, "title": "A plea for avoiding systematic intubation in severely hypoxemic patients with COVID-19-associated respiratory failure.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Villarreal-Fernandez, Eduardo", "Patel, Ravi", "Golamari, Reshma", "Khalid, Muhammad", "DeWaters, Ami", "Haouzi, Philippe"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532318", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327719, "pmcid": "PMC7187144", "title": "Complement as a target in COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Risitano, Antonio M", "Mastellos, Dimitrios C", "Huber-Lang, Markus", "Yancopoulou, Despina", "Garlanda, Cecilia", "Ciceri, Fabio", "Lambris, John D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327719", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497806, "pmcid": "PMC7263257", "title": "Continuous physiological monitoring using wearable technology to inform individual management of infectious diseases, public health and outbreak responses.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ming, D K", "Sorawat, S", "Chanh, H Q", "Nhat, P T H", "Yacoub, S", "Georgiou, P", "Holmes, A H"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497806", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Optimal management of infectious diseases is guided by up-to-date information at the individual and public health level. For infections of global importance including emerging pandemics such as COVID-19 or prevalent endemic diseases such like dengue, identifying patients at risk of severe disease and clinical deterioration can be challenging given the majority present with a mild illness. In our article, we describe the use of wearable technology for continuous physiological monitoring in healthcare. Deployment of wearables in hospital settings for the management of infectious diseases, or in the community to support syndromic surveillance during outbreaks could provide significant, cost effective advantages and improve healthcare delivery. We highlight a range of promising technologies employed by wearable devices and discuss the technical and ethical issues relating to implementation in the clinic, with specific focus on low- and middle- income countries. Finally, we propose a set of essential criteria for the roll-out of wearable technology for clinical use."}, {"pmid": 31985790, "pmcid": "PMC7074660", "title": "Potential for global spread of a novel coronavirus from China.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Bogoch, Isaac I", "Watts, Alexander", "Thomas-Bachli, Andrea", "Huber, Carmen", "Kraemer, Moritz U G", "Khan, Kamran"], "date": "2020-01-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31985790", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471830, "pmcid": "PMC7267883", "title": "Pandemic COVID-19 Joins History's Pandemic Legion.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Morens, David M", "Daszak, Peter", "Markel, Howard", "Taubenberger, Jeffery K"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471830", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With great apprehension, the world is now watching the birth of a novel pandemic already causing tremendous suffering, death, and disruption of normal life. Uncertainty and dread are exacerbated by the belief that what we are experiencing is new and mysterious. However, deadly pandemics and disease emergences are not new phenomena: they have been challenging human existence throughout recorded history. Some have killed sizeable percentages of humanity, but humans have always searched for, and often found, ways of mitigating their deadly effects. We here review the ancient and modern histories of such diseases, discuss factors associated with their emergences, and attempt to identify lessons that will help us meet the current challenge."}, {"pmid": 32122250, "pmcid": "PMC7067171", "title": "Public's early response to the novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Zhan, Siyi", "Yang, Ying Ying", "Fu, Chuanxi"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454545, "pmcid": "PMC7237614", "title": "[COVID-19, Influenza and Economic Activity - An Impact Analysis Perspective].", "journal": "Wirtschaftsdienst", "authors": ["Winkler, Adalbert"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454545", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The German debate about the policy implications of the coronavirus becomes increasingly heated given different views on the mortality rate from SARS CoV-2, as well as the epidemiological and economic impact of lockdown measures imposed by the government. Impact analysis applying features of randomised control trials would provide clear evidence. However, this is currently unavailable due to a lack of an appropriate control group of countries without measures. Thus, polarisation is likely to rise if observed mortality rates remain low."}, {"pmid": 32369098, "title": "Understanding Observational Treatment Comparisons in the Setting of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Thomas, Laine E", "Bonow, Robert O", "Pencina, Michael J"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369098", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406119, "pmcid": "PMC7272894", "title": "Editorial: increasing IBD prevalence and its complications in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Benson-Pope, Samantha Jane", "Gearry, Richard B"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381283, "pmcid": "PMC7175908", "title": "Atypical Presentation of Covid-19 in an Older Adult With Severe Alzheimer Disease.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Isaia, Gianluca", "Marinello, Renata", "Tibaldi, Vittoria", "Tamone, Cristina", "Bo, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381283", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32133962, "title": "Effective Chemicals against Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in China.", "journal": "Curr Top Med Chem", "authors": ["Liu, Wei", "Zhu, Hai-Liang", "Duan, Yongtao"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133962", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525496, "title": "Ensuring Exclusive Human Milk Diet for All Babies in COVID-19 Times.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Sachdeva, Ruchika Chugh", "Jain, Suksham", "Mukherjee, Suchandra", "Singh, Jai"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525496", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has ramifications for the delivery of newborn nutrition and care services. World Health Organization recommends continuation of breastfeeding in these difficult times, with due precautions. If direct breastfeeding is not possible, milk expression should be explored. Pasteurized donor human milk from milk banks may be fed if mother's own milk is not available. To universalize access to human milk, the Indian government has proposed the establishment of comprehensive lactation management centers/milk banks, lactation management units, and lactation support units at all levels of the public health system. Due to COVID-19, these centers are encountering additional challenges cutting across interventions of rooming in, breastfeeding, milk expression, and provision of donor milk and kangaroo mother care. We discuss issues faced and alleviation measures taken by these centres in relation to provision of an exclusive human milk diet for infants during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32413330, "pmcid": "PMC7196424", "title": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity in COVID-19 Convalescent Individuals.", "journal": "Immunity", "authors": ["Ni, Ling", "Ye, Fang", "Cheng, Meng-Li", "Feng, Yu", "Deng, Yong-Qiang", "Zhao, Hui", "Wei, Peng", "Ge, Jiwan", "Gou, Mengting", "Li, Xiaoli", "Sun, Lin", "Cao, Tianshu", "Wang, Pengzhi", "Zhou, Chao", "Zhang, Rongrong", "Liang, Peng", "Guo, Han", "Wang, Xinquan", "Qin, Cheng-Feng", "Chen, Fang", "Dong, Chen"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413330", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization has declared SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak a worldwide pandemic. However, there is very limited understanding on the immune responses, especially adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we collected blood from COVID-19 patients who have recently become virus-free, and therefore were discharged, and detected SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in eight newly discharged patients. Follow-up analysis on another cohort of six patients 2\u00a0weeks post discharge also revealed high titers of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. In all 14 patients tested, 13 displayed serum-neutralizing activities in a pseudotype entry assay. Notably, there was a strong correlation between neutralization antibody titers and the numbers of virus-specific T\u00a0cells. Our work provides a basis for further analysis of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2, and understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19, especially in the severe cases. It also has implications in developing an effective vaccine to SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32424343, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on oncology clinical trials.", "journal": "Nat Rev Drug Discov", "authors": ["Upadhaya, Samik", "Yu, Jia Xin", "Oliva, Cristina", "Hooton, Megan", "Hodge, Jeffrey", "Hubbard-Lucey, Vanessa M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424343", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398137, "pmcid": "PMC7216130", "title": "Impact of international travel dynamics on domestic spread of 2019-nCoV in India: origin-based risk assessment in importation of infected travelers.", "journal": "Global Health", "authors": ["Gunthe, Sachin S", "Patra, Satya S"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398137", "countries": ["China", "India", "United Arab Emirates", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic caused by the 2019 outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or COVID-19) has affected more than 3.0 million people resulting ~\u2009212,000 deaths across 215 countries/territories as on 28th April 2020. The importation of the cases owing to enormous international travels from the affected countries is the foremost reason for local cycle of transmission. For a country like India, the second most populous country in the world with ~\u20091.35 billion population, the management and control of 2019-nCoV domestic spread heavily relied on effective screening and strict quarantine of passengers arriving at various international airports in India from affected countries. Here, by extracting the data from FLIRT, an online airline database for more than 800 airlines, and scanning more than 180,000 flights and 39.9 million corresponding passenger seats during 4th - 25th March, we show that India experienced the highest risk index of importing the passengers from middle eastern airports. Contrary to perception, travelers from China imposed lowest risk of importing the infected cases in India. This is clearly evident form the fact that while the number of infected cases were on the peak in China India was one of the least affected countries. The number of cases in India started exhibiting a sharp increase in the infected cases only after the European countries and USA recorded large number of infected cases. We further argue that while the number of cases in middle eastern countries may still be very low, the airports in middle eastern countries, particularly Dubai, being one of the largest transit hubs for international passengers, including arriving in India, might have posed a higher risk of getting infected with 2019-nCoV. We suggest that any future travel related disease infection screening at the airports should critically assess the passengers from major transit hubs in addition to affected country of origin."}, {"pmid": 32333949, "pmcid": "PMC7195060", "title": "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the COVID-19 era - Will the risk-benefit shift in resource-poor settings?", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Crook, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333949", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229286, "pmcid": "PMC7156808", "title": "What Should Palliative Care's Response Be to the COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Powell, Victoria D", "Silveira, Maria J"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229286", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497867, "pmcid": "PMC7263272", "title": "COVID-19: Are Spanish medicine and nursing students prepared?", "journal": "Nurse Educ Today", "authors": ["Cervera-Gasch, Agueda", "Gonzalez-Chorda, Victor M", "Mena-Tudela, Desiree"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497867", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325888, "pmcid": "PMC7216192", "title": "Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Ahmed, Muhammad Adeel", "Jouhar, Rizwan", "Ahmed, Naseer", "Adnan, Samira", "Aftab, Marziya", "Zafar, Muhammad Sohail", "Khurshid, Zohaib"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325888", "countries": ["China", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China has influenced every aspect of life. Healthcare professionals, especially dentists, are exposed to a higher risk of getting infected due to close contact with infected patients. The current study was conducted to assess anxiety and fear of getting infected among dentists while working during the current novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) outbreak. In addition, dentists' knowledge about various practice modifications to combat COVID-19 has been evaluated. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey from 10th to 17th March 2020. The well-constructed questionnaire was designed and registered at online website (Kwiksurveys) and validated. A total of 669 participants from 30 different countries across the world responded. After scrutiny, completed questionnaires (n = 650) were included in the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Chi-Square and Spearman correlation tests were applied to control confounders and assess the relation of dentists' response with respect to gender and educational level. More than two-thirds of the general dental practitioners (78%) from 30 countries questioned were anxious and scared by the devastating effects of COVID-19. A large number of dentists (90%) were aware of recent changes in the treatment protocols. However, execution of amended treatment protocol was recorded as 61%. The majority of the dentists (76%) were working in the hospital setting out of which 74% were from private, and 20% were from government setups. Individually we received a large number of responses from Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, but collectively more than 50% of the responses were from other parts of the world. Despite having a high standard of knowledge and practice, dental practitioners around the globe are in a state of anxiety and fear while working in their respective fields due to the COVID-19 pandemic impact on humanity. A number of dental practices have either modified their services according to the recommended guidelines to emergency treatment only or closed down practices for an uncertain period."}, {"pmid": 32340908, "pmcid": "PMC7172832", "title": "Perspectives from the Cancer and Aging Research Group: Caring for the vulnerable older patient with cancer and their caregivers during the COVID-19 crisis in the United States.", "journal": "J Geriatr Oncol", "authors": ["Mohile, Supriya", "Dumontier, Clark", "Mian, Hira", "Loh, Kah Poh", "Williams, Grant R", "Wildes, Tanya M", "Boyd, Kevin", "Ramsdale, Erika", "Pyne, Sonia", "Magnuson, Allison", "Tew, William", "Klepin, Heidi D", "Dale, William", "Shahrokni, Armin"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340908", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421537, "pmcid": "PMC7154502", "title": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421537", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506419, "title": "Decrease in surgical activity in the COVID-19 pandemic: an economic crisis.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Farid, Y", "Schettino, M", "Kapila, A K", "Hamdi, M", "Cuylits, N", "Wauthy, P", "Ortiz, S"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506419", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353790, "pmcid": "PMC7195058", "title": "Biomass use and COVID-19: A novel concern.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Thakur, Megha", "Boudewijns, Esther A", "Babu, Giridhara R", "van Schayck, Onno C P"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353790", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evidence supports the link between air pollution and COVID-19 and thus it is likely that exposure to biomass smoke is associated with COVID-19. The poor, including refugees and migrant workers staying in fragile conditions, are most vulnerable. An outbreak of COVID-19 in a place where the concept of physical distancing is next to impossible could easily overwhelm the public health system. It is thus essential to understand the consequences of being exposed to smoke in relation to COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32336303, "pmcid": "PMC7203168", "title": "Risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness in healthcare workers: Too many unknowns.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wander, Pandora L", "Orlov, Marika", "Merel, Susan E", "Enquobahrie, Daniel A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533075, "title": "CIDO, a community-based ontology for coronavirus disease knowledge and data integration, sharing, and analysis.", "journal": "Sci Data", "authors": ["He, Yongqun", "Yu, Hong", "Ong, Edison", "Wang, Yang", "Liu, Yingtong", "Huffman, Anthony", "Huang, Hsin-Hui", "Beverley, John", "Hur, Junguk", "Yang, Xiaolin", "Chen, Luonan", "Omenn, Gilbert S", "Athey, Brian", "Smith, Barry"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533075", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334896, "pmcid": "PMC7169904", "title": "Creating a COVID-19 surge clinic to offload the emergency department.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Baugh, Joshua J", "Yun, Brian J", "Searle, Eileen", "Chyn, Angela", "Bernhardt, Jean M", "LeClair, Kaitlyn", "Henshaw-Archer, Lara", "L'Heureux, Michelle M", "Raja, Ali S", "Lennes, Inga T", "Biddinger, Paul D"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334896", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269081, "pmcid": "PMC7196762", "title": "Phylogenetic network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Forster, Peter", "Forster, Lucy", "Renfrew, Colin", "Forster, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269081", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a phylogenetic network analysis of 160 complete human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) genomes, we find three central variants distinguished by amino acid changes, which we have named A, B, and C, with A being the ancestral type according to the bat outgroup coronavirus. The A and C types are found in significant proportions outside East Asia, that is, in Europeans and Americans. In contrast, the B type is the most common type in East Asia, and its ancestral genome appears not to have spread outside East Asia without first mutating into derived B types, pointing to founder effects or immunological or environmental resistance against this type outside Asia. The network faithfully traces routes of infections for documented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, indicating that phylogenetic networks can likewise be successfully used to help trace undocumented COVID-19 infection sources, which can then be quarantined to prevent recurrent spread of the disease worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32347685, "title": "Neurosurgical activity during COVID-19 pandemic: an expert opinion from China, South Korea, Italy, United Stated of America, Colombia and United Kingdom.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Sci", "authors": ["Fontanella, Marco M", "Saraceno, Giorgio", "Lei, Ting", "Bederson, Joshua B", "You, Namkyu", "Rubiano, Andres M", "Hutchinson, Peter", "Wiemeijer-Timmer, Frederique", "Servadei, Franco"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347685", "countries": ["Italy", "Colombia", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "More than a million and a half people are infected worldwide with more than 90.000 casualties. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is radically altering both socio-economic and health care scenarios. On April 4, 2020, at 13.30 CET, a webinar was broadcasted, organized by Global Neuro and supported by WFNS. Expert neurosurgeons from 6 different countries (China, Italy, South Korea, USA, Colombia and United Kingdom) reported on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their health care systems and neurosurgical activity. The first part focused on the epidemiology until that date. The USA were the most affected State with 450.000 cases, followed by Italy (140.000 cases and 19.000 casualties), China (83.305 cases and 3.345 had died), South Korea (10.156 cases with 177 casualties), the UK (38.168 cases and 3.605 deaths) and Colombia (1.267 cases and 25 deaths). The second part concerned Institution and staff reorganization. In every country all surgical plans have been modified. In Wuhan the staff was enrolled in COVID-units. In New York, the Mount Sinai Health System was in lockdown mode. In South Korea, sterilizing chambers have been placed. In Italy some Departments were reorganized in a Hub and Spoke fashion. In the Latin American region, they adopted special measures for every case. In the UK a conference center has been used to accommodate intensive care unit (ICU) beds. The third part was about neurosurgical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Wuhan the main hospital was used for urgent non-COVID patients. In New York the neurosurgeon staff work in ICU as advanced practitioner (APP). In South Korea every patient is screened. In Italy the on-duty Hub neurosurgeons have been doubled. In the Latin American region recommendations have been developed by some neurosurgical societies. In the UK local non-specialists and traumatologists neurosurgical experts are collaborating in terms of best practice. The final part touched upon how to perform safe surgery and re-start after the pandemic. In China elective surgical procedures are performed very carefully. In New York, surgery planning will be based on patient's viral load. In South Korea and in Italy disinfection plans and negative-pressure O.R. were created. In the Latin American region, the aim is to have a rapid testing system. In the UK they have developed flowcharts to guide trauma patient management. In general, the pandemic scenario was presented as a thought-provoking challenge in all countries which requires tireless efforts for both maintaining emergency and elective neurosurgical procedures."}, {"pmid": 32437381, "pmcid": "PMC7241763", "title": "Influence of the pandemic dissemination of COVID-19 on radiotherapy practice: A flash survey in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Reuter-Oppermann, Melanie", "Muller-Polyzou, Ralf", "Wirtz, Holger", "Georgiadis, Anthimos"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437381", "countries": ["Germany", "Switzerland", "Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has already changed our globalised world and its long-term impact is not yet known. It is apparent that businesses and institutions are increasingly affected. COVID-19 discussions often focus on intensive care units in hospitals. However, COVID-19 also effects life-saving and -prolonging radiotherapy for patients suffering from cancer. We have conducted a structured online survey among medical physicists in Germany, Austria and Switzerland from March 23rd to 26th 2020. In total 154 responses (82 completed, 72 partially completed) were analysed in the context of the COVID-19 dissemination. 72.4% of the respondent's state that their processes are affected due to COVID-19, while the top three answers are longer processing times (54.2%), patient no-shows (42.5%) and staff reduction (36.7%). 75.8% expect further unavailability of their personnel in the upcoming weeks. All participants have already taken several measures, especially providing information for patients at the entrance (89.6%) or over the phone (73.6%), restricting access for accompanying persons (77.4%) and providing disinfectant at the entrance (72.6%). The results presented in this article aim to support business continuity and risk management for radiotherapy centres to prepare for future challenges. The results show that most radiotherapy centres has implemented initial contingency measures, applying them pragmatically. The main problem however remains, that is the high risk of infection both for patients and medical personnel along with the associated risk of temporarily loss of personnel and ordered closure of business."}, {"pmid": 32234464, "pmcid": "PMC7270772", "title": "Complex emergencies of COVID-19: management and experience in Zhuhai, China.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Jin, Hao", "Lu, Ligong", "Liu, Junwei", "Cui, Min"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234464", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of communicable diseases (infectious diseases) on human health is obvious. The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) has made people realise the threat of communicable diseases to mankind. As a city of many migrants, Zhuhai Special Economic Zone experienced great challenges brought about by the COVID-19 epidemic. Experience has been acquired from all aspects of this. A highly reactive, multifunctional and efficient emergency management system should be established, and the significance of information communication should be fully understood for the future."}, {"pmid": 32523920, "pmcid": "PMC7279901", "title": "COVID-19 and Pulmonary Embolism: Not a Coincidence.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Tamburello, Adriana", "Bruno, Giovanni", "Marando, Marco"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523920", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 was reported to be responsible for a cluster of acute atypical respiratory pneumonia cases in Wuhan, in Hubei province, China. The disease caused by this virus is called COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). The virus is transmitted between humans and the outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. Coagulopathy is a common abnormality in patients with COVID-19 due to inflammation, hypoxia, immobilisation, endothelial damage and diffuse intravascular coagulation. However, the data on this topic are still limited. Here we report the case of a man presenting with pneumonia complicated by bilateral pulmonary embolism. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel infectious agent that causes COVID-19, which can manifest in several ways, affecting endothelial cells and most organs.There is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2-mediated endothelial damage is due to direct viral injury and the systemic inflammatory response, possibly together with a cytokine storm.As endothelial damage can manifest as thromboembolic disease, such as pulmonary thromboembolism, appropriate anti-thrombotic preventive strategies should be followed, and proper screening and treatment for thromboembolic complications should be implemented."}, {"pmid": 32498092, "title": "Home Birth in the Era of COVID-19: Counseling and Preparation for Pregnant Persons Living with HIV.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Premkumar, Ashish", "Cassimatis, Irina", "Berhie, Saba H", "Jao, Jennifer", "Cohn, Susan E", "Sutton, Sarah H", "Condron, Brianne", "Levesque, Jordan", "Garcia, Patricia M", "Miller, Emily S", "Yee, Lynn M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498092", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States, a majority of states have instituted \"shelter-in-place\" policies effectively quarantining individuals-including pregnant persons-in their homes. Given the concern for COVID-19 acquisition in health care settings, pregnant persons with high-risk pregnancies-such as persons living with HIV (PLHIV)-are increasingly investigating the option of a home birth. Although we strongly recommend hospital birth for PLHIV, we discuss our experience and recommendations for counseling and preparation of pregnant PLHIV who may be considering home birth or at risk for unintentional home birth due to the pandemic. We also discuss issues associated with implementing a risk mitigation strategy involving high-risk births occurring at home during a pandemic. KEY POINTS: \u00b7 Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has increased interest in home birth.. \u00b7 Women living with HIV are pursuing home birth.. \u00b7 Safe planning is paramount for women living with HIV desiring home birth, despite recommending against the practice.."}, {"pmid": 32487714, "title": "Cranial Neuropathies and COVID-19: Neurotropism and Autoimmunity.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Costello, Fiona", "Dalakas, Marinos C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487714", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or \"COVID-19\" global pandemic began in late 2019. Like its predecessors, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), COVID-19 binds to angiotension converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors to facilitate tissue invasion, and potentially gain entry into the nervous system.1 This single-stranded RNA virus shares 75-80% identical genome sequence with MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, but has increased virulence, persistence, and lethality.2 Amid catastrophic human suffering, severe neurological complications of COVID-19 have been identified; yet, subtle neurological manifestations have likely been under-reported."}, {"pmid": 32492562, "pmcid": "PMC7255216", "title": "The association between obesity and poor outcome after COVID-19 indicates a potential therapeutic role for montelukast.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Almerie, Muhammad Qutayba", "Kerrigan, David Daniel"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492562", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is widely believed that infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus triggers a disproportionate immune response which causes a devastating systemic injury, particularly in individuals with obesity, itself a chronic, multi-organ inflammatory disease. Immune cells accumulate in visceral adipose tissue and together with paracrine adipocytes release a wide range of biologically active cytokines (including IL-1\u03b2, IL5, IL6 and IL8) that can result in both local, pulmonary and systemic inflammation. A more intense 'cytokine storm' is postulated as the mechanism behind the extreme immune response seen in severe COVID-19. It is striking how dangerous the combination of obesity and COVID-19 is, resulting in a greater risk of ICU admission and a higher mortality. Furthermore, patients from a BAME background appear to have increased mortality after SARS-CoV-2 infection; they also have a higher prevalence of central obesity and its metabolic complications. In the absence of an effective vaccine, the therapeutic potential of immune-modulating drugs is a priority, but the development of new drugs is expensive and time-consuming. A more pragmatic solution would be to seek to repurpose existing drugs, particularly those that might suppress the heightened cytokine activity seen in obesity, the major risk factor for a poor prognosis in COVID-19. Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist licensed to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. It has been shown to diminish pulmonary response to antigen, tissue eosinophilia and IL-5 expression in inflammatory cells. It has also been shown to decrease elevated levels of IL-1\u03b2 and IL8 in humans with viral upper respiratory tract infections compared with placebo-treated patients. In addition, in silico studies have demonstrated a high binding affinity of the montelukast molecule to the terminal site of the virus's main protease enzyme which is needed for virus RNA synthesis and replication. Montelukast, which is cheap, safe and widely available would appear to have the potential to be an ideal candidate drug for clinical trials, particularly in early stage disease before irreparable tissue damage has already occurred. HYPOTHESIS: Through a direct anti-viral effect, or by suppression of heightened cytokine release in response to SARS-CoV-2, montelukast will reduce the severity of immune-mediated multiorgan damage resulting from COVID-19, particularly in patients with central obesity and metabolic syndrome."}, {"pmid": 32495919, "title": "Representation of specialties in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) research: analysis of published literature in the first 3 months.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Robles, J", "Aggarwal, G", "Aggarwal, S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495919", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 1.5 million patients worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The volume of research published in a specialty, which may shed light on the perceived impact that a topic plays within that discipline, is unknown for the present pandemic. We analyzed all articles published in the first 3 months on COVID-19 and categorized them by journal type and article content. There was a ~100-fold difference in articles published on COVID when categorized by journal type and ~65-fold difference when grouped by article content. There is a wide variation in research published withing various specialties regarding COVID-19. Researchers across specialties need to urgently realize the impact of COVID-19 and publish articles that can help improve understanding of this ongoing pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32478961, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a non-COVID-19 epicenter.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Hammad, Tarek A", "Parikh, Melanie", "Tashtish, Nour", "Lowry, Cynthia M", "Gorbey, Diane", "Forouzandeh, Farshad", "Filby, Steven J", "Wolf, William M", "Costa, Marco A", "Simon, Daniel I", "Shishehbor, Mehdi H"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478961", "countries": ["United States", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We sought to study the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the presentation delay, severity, patterns of care, and reasons for delay among patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a non-hot-spot region. COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reduced the activations for STEMI in epicenters like Spain. From January 1, 2020, to April 15, 2020, 143 STEMIs were identified across our integrated 18-hospital system. Pre- and post-COVID-19 cohorts were based on March 23rd, 2020, whenstay-at-home orders were initiated in Ohio. We used presenting heart rate, blood pressure, troponin, new Q-wave, and left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) to assess severity. Duration of intensive care unit stay, total length of stay, door-to-balloon (D2B) time, and radial versus femoral access were used to assess patterns of care. Post-COVID-19 presentation was associated with a lower admission LVEF (45 vs. 50%, p =\u2009.015), new Q-wave, and higher initial troponin; however, these did not reach statistical significance. Among post-COVID-19 patients, those with >12-hr delay in presentation 31(%) had a longer average D2B time (88 vs. 53\u2009min, p =\u2009.033) and higher peak troponin (58 vs. 8.5\u2009ng/ml, p =\u2009.03). Of these, 27% avoided the hospital due to fear of COVID-19, 18% believed symptoms were COVID-19 related, and 9% did not want to burden the hospital during the pandemic. COVID-19 has remarkably affected STEMI presentation and care. Patients' fear and confusion about symptoms are integral parts of this emerging public health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32449248, "title": "COVID-19 and herpes zoster co-infection presenting with trigeminal neuropathy.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["de Freitas Ferreira, Ana Carolina Andorinho", "Romao, Tayla Taynan", "SIlva Macedo, Yuri", "Pupe, Camila", "Nascimento, Osvaldo Jm"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449248", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human neurotropic virus that remains in a latent state within ganglionic neurons throughout the entire neuroaxis after the primary infection. Whenever herpes zoster leads to trigeminal involvement, the ophthalmic division is the most implicated. COVID-19 emerged as a viral cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome that spread all over the world in the last months. Co-infection with COVID and other viruses has been registered, but sparsely and embracing the respiratory ones. report a case of a co-infection of COVID-19 with VZV, and review the literature. 39-year-old immunocompetent man with oligosymptomatic infection by COVID-19 evolved to left facial herpes zoster affecting the three divisions of trigeminal nerve. The co-infection was remotely registered with other respiratory virus, being influenza the most mentioned. However, the present case is associated to the emergence of a latent virus infection, which might be related to the viral inflammatory response, especially ascending from the nasal cavity, where trigeminal branches are also placed. The emergence of the latent infection by VZV under a rare presentation might illustrate the impact at least locally of COVID-19, once retrograde reactivation of VZV was possibly induced in a young immunocompetent patient."}, {"pmid": 32298028, "pmcid": "PMC7262141", "title": "There is no routine head and neck exam during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Chan, Jason Y K", "Tsang, Raymond K Y", "Yeung, K W", "Abdullah, Victor", "Ku, Peter", "Wong, Eddy W Y", "Mehta, Nishchay", "Orosco, Ryan K", "Holsinger, F Christopher"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298028", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Head and neck examinations are commonly performed by all physicians. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has a high viral load in the upper airways, these examinations and procedures of the upper aerodigestive tract must be approached with caution. Based on experience and evidence from SARS-CoV-1 and early experience with SARS-CoV-2, we provide our perspective and guidance on mitigating transmission risk during head and neck examination, upper airway endoscopy, and head and neck mucosal surgery including tracheostomy."}, {"pmid": 32487424, "pmcid": "PMC7256531", "title": "Absence of Evidence Is Not the Evidence of Absence: Clinical Consideration when Interpreting Guidelines for the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Ip, Vivian", "Sondekoppam, Rakesh"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487424", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301299, "pmcid": "PMC7167403", "title": "Fast Screening Systems for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kym, Sungmin"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301299", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531119, "title": "A generalized purpuric eruption with histopathologic features of leucocytoclastic vasculitis in a patient severely ill with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Caputo, V", "Schroeder, J", "Rongioletti, F"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531119", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 59-year-old man was admitted to hospital for a severe respiratory failure and then intubated due to worsening of his respiratory condition. During his hospital stay, he received multiple empirical broad spectrum antibiotics (cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, linezolid, gentamicin and meropenem plus amikacin). The patient had no known history of drug allergies. A test to detect SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of a throat swab was positive. Blood cell count showed severe eosinophilia (from 1,3 to 4.60 x 10) that decreased abruptly to 0.47 x 10 after introduction of methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg/day. On day 35 post admission, while on therapy only with corticosteroids, he developed a symmetrically distributed maculopapular purpuric exanthema on the face, trunk and extremities (Fig.1 a,b).\u00a0Mucous membranes were spared."}, {"pmid": 32428380, "title": "Increased ACE2 Expression in the Bronchial Epithelium of COPD Patients who are Overweight.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Higham, Andrew", "Singh, Dave"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428380", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is increased in COPD patients. Furthermore, higher body mass index (BMI) is related to severe disease. SARS-CoV-2 utilises angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to gain cellular entry. We have investigated whether ACE2 bronchial epithelial expression is increased in COPD patients who are overweight compared to those who are not by RNA sequencing. We observed increased ACE2 expression in COPD patients who are overweight (mean BMI 29 kg/m2 ) compared to those notoverweight (mean BMI 21 kg/m2 ) (p=0.004). Increased ACE2 expression may cause increased SARS-CoV-2 infection of the respiratory tract. COPD patients who are overweight may be at greater risk of developing severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32501802, "title": "COVID-19 Case-initiated contact tracing using anonymous notification techniques.", "journal": "JMIR Mhealth Uhealth", "authors": ["Cheng, Weibin", "Hao, Chun"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501802", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We propose a concept of contact notification tool for assisting tracing contacts who are exposure to confirmed COVID-19 cases, which is simple and affordable for countries with limited health manpower and high-tech means."}, {"pmid": 32412150, "pmcid": "PMC7272911", "title": "COVID-19 and Indigenous Peoples: An imperative for action.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Power, Tamara", "Wilson, Denise", "Best, Odette", "Brockie, Teresa", "Bourque Bearskin, Lisa", "Millender, Eugenia", "Lowe, John"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508398, "pmcid": "PMC7261113", "title": "Mathematical modeling of COVID-19 fatality trends: Death kinetics law versus infection-to-death delay rule.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Scheiner, Stefan", "Ukaj, Niketa", "Hellmich, Christian"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508398", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has world-widely motivated numerous attempts to properly adjust classical epidemiological models, namely those of the SEIR-type, to the spreading characteristics of the novel Corona virus. In this context, the fundamental structure of the differential equations making up the SEIR models has remained largely unaltered-presuming that COVID-19 may be just \"another epidemic\". We here take an alternative approach, by investigating the relevance of one key ingredient of the SEIR models, namely the death kinetics law. The latter is compared to an alternative approach, which we call infection-to-death delay rule. For that purpose, we check how well these two mathematical formulations are able to represent the publicly available country-specific data on recorded fatalities, across a selection of 57 different nations. Thereby, we consider that the model-governing parameters-namely, the death transmission coefficient for the death kinetics model, as well as the apparent fatality-to-case fraction and the characteristic fatal illness period for the infection-to-death delay rule-are time-invariant. For 55 out of the 57 countries, the infection-to-death delay rule turns out to represent the actual situation significantly more precisely than the classical death kinetics rule. We regard this as an important step towards making SEIR-approaches more fit for the COVID-19 spreading prediction challenge."}, {"pmid": 32259194, "pmcid": "PMC7151405", "title": "The Role of Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Miller, David Gibbes", "Pierson, Leah", "Doernberg, Samuel"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439650, "title": "Preserving Access: A Review of Stroke Thrombectomy during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Leslie-Mazwi, T M", "Fargen, K M", "Levitt, M", "Derdeyn, C P", "Feske, S K", "Patel, A B", "Hirsch, J A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439650", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thrombectomy for large-vessel-occlusion stroke is a highly impactful treatment. The spread of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) across the United States and the globe impacts access to this crucial intervention through widespread societal and institutional changes. In this document, we review the implications of COVID-19 on the emergency care of large-vessel occlusion stroke, reviewing specific infection-control recommendations, available literature, existing resources, and expert consensus. As a population, patients with large-vessel occlusion stroke face unique challenges during pandemics. These are broad in scope. Responses to these challenges through adaptation of stroke systems of care and with imaging, thrombectomy, and postprocedural care are detailed. Preservation of access to thrombectomy must be prioritized for its public health impact. While the extent of required changes will vary by region, tiered planning for both escalation and de-escalation of measures must be a part of each practice. In addition, preparations described serve as templates in the event of future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32031234, "title": "2019-novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): estimating the case fatality rate - a word of caution.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Battegay, Manuel", "Kuehl, Richard", "Tschudin-Sutter, Sarah", "Hirsch, Hans H", "Widmer, Andreas F", "Neher, Richard A"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32031234", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32218301, "pmcid": "PMC7180491", "title": "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel (thio)semicarbazone-Based Benzimidazoles as Antiviral Agents against Human Respiratory Viruses.", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Francesconi, Valeria", "Cichero, Elena", "Schenone, Silvia", "Naesens, Lieve", "Tonelli, Michele"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218301", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory RNA viruses are responsible for recurrent acute respiratory illnesses that still represent a major medical need. Previously we developed a large variety of benzimidazole derivatives able to inhibit these viruses. Herein, two series of (thio)semicarbazone- and hydrazone-based benzimidazoles have been explored, by derivatizing 5-acetyl benzimidazoles previously reported by us, thereby evaluating the influence of the modification on the antiviral activity. Compounds 6, 8, 16 and 17, bearing the 5-(thio)semicarbazone and 5-hydrazone functionalities in combination with the 2-benzyl ring on the benzimidazole core structure, acted as dual inhibitors of influenza A virus and human coronavirus. For respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), activity is limited to the 5-thiosemicarbazone (25) and 5-hydrazone (22) compounds carrying the 2-[(benzotriazol-1/2-yl)methyl]benzimidazole scaffold. These molecules proved to be the most effective antiviral agents, able to reach the potency profile of the licensed drug ribavirin. The molecular docking analysis explained the SAR of these compounds around their binding mode to the target RSV F protein, revealing the key contacts for further assessment. The herein-investigated benzimidazole-based derivatives may represent valuable hit compounds, deserving subsequent structural improvements towards more efficient antiviral agents for the treatment of pathologies caused by these human respiratory viruses."}, {"pmid": 32237901, "pmcid": "PMC7157951", "title": "Immune-epidemiological parameters of the novel coronavirus - a perspective.", "journal": "Expert Rev Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Saghazadeh, Amene", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237901", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of 2019, Wuhan, a city in China with a population of about 11 million, witnessed the outbreak of unusual pneumonia. As of 29 March 2020, the disease has spread to more 199 countries and territories worldwide. The 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, is known as the probable causative agent of the illness. Here, the epidemiological dynamics of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that stand in close relation to distinct immunogenetic characters of the pathogen are discussed, to understand the ability and inability of the immune system in combatting COVID-19. The elderly population is at increased risk of developing and dying from COVID-19. Comorbidity is present in more than 30% of cases with COVID-19. Except for less than 1% of the total, a chronic condition has been found in all cases that died from COVID-19. Men are more than 1.5 times more likely to die from COVID-19. Evidence links aging to cytokine dysregulation and T-cell repertoire reduction, male population to relatively reduced anti-viral immunity, and COVID-19-related comorbidities to hyper inflammation. The transmission of COVID-19 is influenced by the host-related factors that are known to be associated with immune dysregulation."}, {"pmid": 32238613, "pmcid": "PMC7182733", "title": "Novel Coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) Infection: Part II - Respiratory Support in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Resource-limited Settings.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Sundaram, Manu", "Ravikumar, Namita", "Bansal, Arun", "Nallasamy, Karthi", "Basavaraja, G V", "Lodha, Rakesh", "Gupta, Dhiren", "Odena, Marti Pons", "Ashwath, R N Ram", "Jayashree, Muralidharan"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238613", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019-novel coronavirus predominantly affects the respiratory system with manifestations ranging from upper respiratory symptoms to full blown acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is important to recognize the risk factors, categorize severity and provide early treatment. Use of high flow devices and non-invasive ventilation has been discouraged due to high chances of aerosol generation. Early intubation and mechanical ventilation areessential to prevent complications and worsening, especially in resource-limited settings with very few centers having expertise to manage critical cases. Hydrophobic viral filter in the ventilator circuit minimizes chances of transmission of virus. Strategies to manage ARDS in COVID-19 include low tidal volume ventilation with liberal sedation-analgesia. At the same time, prevention of transmission of the virus to healthcare workers is extremely important in the intensive care setting dealing with severe cases and requiring procedures generating aerosol. We, herein, provide guidance on non-invasive respiratory support, intubation and management of ARDS in a child with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32475375, "title": "COVID-19 - The Perfect Vector for a Mental Health Epidemic.", "journal": "BJPsych Bull", "authors": ["Hisham, Idura N", "Townsend, Giles", "Gillard, Steve", "Debnath, Brishti", "Sin, Jacqueline"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475375", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376392, "pmcid": "PMC7196557", "title": "Should we stimulate or suppress immune responses in COVID-19? Cytokine and anti-cytokine interventions.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Jamilloux, Yvan", "Henry, Thomas", "Belot, Alexandre", "Viel, Sebastien", "Fauter, Maxime", "El Jammal, Thomas", "Walzer, Thierry", "Francois, Bruno", "Seve, Pascal"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376392", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-19 pandemic (COVID-19), which appeared in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread throughout the world, has forced clinicians and scientists to take up extraordinary challenges. This unprecedented situation led to the inception of numerous fundamental research protocols and many clinical trials. It quickly became apparent that although COVID-19, in the vast majority of cases, was a benign disease, it could also develop a severe form with sometimes fatal outcomes. Cytokines are central to the pathophysiology of COVID-19; while some of them are beneficial (type-I interferon, interleukin-7), others appear detrimental (interleukin-1\u03b2, -6, and TNF-\u03b1) particularly in the context of the so-called cytokine storm. Yet another characteristic of the disease has emerged: concomitant immunodeficiency, notably involving impaired type-I interferon response, and lymphopenia. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on COVID-19 immunopathology. We discuss the defective type-I IFN response, the theoretical role of IL-7 to restore lymphocyte repertoire, as well as we mention the two patterns observed in severe COVID-19 (i.e. interleukin-1\u03b2-driven macrophage activation syndrome vs. interleukin-6-driven immune dysregulation). Next, reviewing current evidence drawn from clinical trials, we examine a number of cytokine and anti-cytokine therapies, including interleukin-1, -6, and TNF inhibitors, as well as less targeted therapies, such as corticosteroids, chloroquine, or JAK inhibitors."}, {"pmid": 32402100, "pmcid": "PMC7273105", "title": "Disability through COVID-19 pandemic: Neurorehabilitation cannot wait.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Leocani, Letizia", "Diserens, Karin", "Moccia, Marcello", "Caltagirone, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402100", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (CoViD-19) pandemic is strongly impacting all domains of our healthcare systems, including rehabilitation. In Italy, the first hit European country, medical activities were postponed to allow shifting of staff and facilities to intensive care, with neurorehabilitation limited to time-dependent diseases,1 including CoViD-19 complications.2,3 Hospital access to people with chronic neurodegenerative conditions such as multiple sclerosis, movement disorders or dementia, more at risks of serious consequences from the infection,4 has been postponed. Patients also seek less for hospital care, with over 50% reduced stroke admissions as from an Italian survey,5 possibly in fear of being infected or denied to see their families after being hospitalized. This situation can be bearable only for a short time, as any initial freezing reaction to a danger."}, {"pmid": 32459548, "title": "Re: COVID-19 and the Urology Match: Perspectives and a Call To Action.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Warren, Christopher J", "Davis, Matthew", "Sadeghi-Nejad, Hossein"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459548", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389591, "pmcid": "PMC7204717", "title": "Air pollution, racial disparities, and COVID-19 mortality.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Brandt, Eric B", "Beck, Andrew F", "Mersha, Tesfaye B"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389591", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32194247, "pmcid": "PMC7118681", "title": "Exuberant Plasmocytosis in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Specimen of the First Patient Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for SARS-CoV-2 in Europe.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Giani, Marco", "Seminati, Davide", "Lucchini, Alberto", "Foti, Giuseppe", "Pagni, Fabio"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194247", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243123, "title": "COVID-19: a time of crisis, but also of surgical opportunity and optimism", "journal": "Can J Surg", "authors": ["Ball, Chad G."], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243123", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323279, "title": "[Renin-Angiotensin-System (RAS) and COVID-19 - On The Prescription of RAS Blockers].", "journal": "Dtsch Med Wochenschr", "authors": ["Kreutz, Reinhold", "Abd El-Hady Algharably, Engi", "Ganten, Detlev", "Messerli, Franz"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323279", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Twenty years ago, an enzyme homologous to the previously known angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was identified, and subsequently named ACE2. In the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), ACE2 has counter-regulatory functions against the classical effector peptide angiotensin II, for example in blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular remodeling. However, ACE2 provides an initially unexpected interesting link between virology and cardiovascular medicine. That is, ACE2 represents the binding receptor for the cellular uptake of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Thus, ACE2 is relevant for COVID-19. In this context, it was suspected that therapy with RAS blockers might promote transmission and complications of COVID-19 by upregulation of ACE2 expression. The aim of this short review is, to describe the link between the RAS, particularly ACE2, and COVID-19. Based on our analysis and evaluation of the available findings, we justify our conclusion: important drugs such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers should continue to be prescribed according to guidelines to stable patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32133963, "title": "China Coronavirus Outbreak: All the Latest Updates.", "journal": "Curr Top Med Chem", "authors": ["Scotti, Luciana", "Scotti, Marcus T"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133963", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269086, "pmcid": "PMC7144336", "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 treated in Hubei (epicentre) and outside Hubei (non-epicentre): a nationwide analysis of China.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Liang, Wen-Hua", "Guan, Wei-Jie", "Li, Cai-Chen", "Li, Yi-Min", "Liang, Heng-Rui", "Zhao, Yi", "Liu, Xiao-Qing", "Sang, Ling", "Chen, Ru-Chong", "Tang, Chun-Li", "Wang, Tao", "Wang, Wei", "He, Qi-Hua", "Chen, Zi-Sheng", "Wong, Sook-San", "Zanin, Mark", "Liu, Jun", "Xu, Xin", "Huang, Jun", "Li, Jian-Fu", "Ou, Li-Min", "Cheng, Bo", "Xiong, Shan", "Xie, Zhan-Hong", "Ni, Zheng-Yi", "Hu, Yu", "Liu, Lei", "Shan, Hong", "Lei, Chun-Liang", "Peng, Yi-Xiang", "Wei, Li", "Liu, Yong", "Hu, Ya-Hua", "Peng, Peng", "Wang, Jian-Ming", "Liu, Ji-Yang", "Chen, Zhong", "Li, Gang", "Zheng, Zhi-Jian", "Qiu, Shao-Qin", "Luo, Jie", "Ye, Chang-Jiang", "Zhu, Shao-Yong", "Cheng, Lin-Ling", "Ye, Feng", "Li, Shi-Yue", "Zheng, Jin-Ping", "Zhang, Nuo-Fu", "Zhong, Nan-Shan", "He, Jian-Xing"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269086", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), consistent and considerable differences in disease severity and mortality rate of patients treated in Hubei province compared to those in other parts of China have been observed. We sought to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients being treated inside and outside Hubei province, and explore the factors underlying these differences. Collaborating with the National Health Commission, we established a retrospective cohort to study hospitalised COVID-19 cases in China. Clinical characteristics, the rate of severe events and deaths, and the time to critical illness (invasive ventilation or intensive care unit admission or death) were compared between patients within and outside Hubei. The impact of Wuhan-related exposure (a presumed key factor that drove the severe situation in Hubei, as Wuhan is the epicentre as well the administrative centre of Hubei province) and the duration between symptom onset and admission on prognosis were also determined. At the data cut-off (31 January 2020), 1590 cases from 575 hospitals in 31 provincial administrative regions were collected (core cohort). The overall rate of severe cases and mortality was 16.0% and 3.2%, respectively. Patients in Hubei (predominantly with Wuhan-related exposure, 597 (92.3%) out of 647) were older (mean age 49.7 versus 44.9\u2005years), had more cases with comorbidity (32.9% versus 19.7%), higher symptomatic burden, abnormal radiologic manifestations and, especially, a longer waiting time between symptom onset and admission (5.7 versus 4.5\u2005days) compared with patients outside Hubei. Patients in Hubei (severe event rate 23.0% versus 11.1%, death rate 7.3% versus 0.3%, HR (95% CI) for critical illness 1.59 (1.05-2.41)) have a poorer prognosis compared with patients outside Hubei after adjusting for age and comorbidity. However, among patients outside Hubei, the duration from symptom onset to hospitalisation (mean 4.4 versus 4.7\u2005days) and prognosis (HR (95%) 0.84 (0.40-1.80)) were similar between patients with or without Wuhan-related exposure. In the overall population, the waiting time, but neither treated in Hubei nor Wuhan-related exposure, remained an independent prognostic factor (HR (95%) 1.05 (1.01-1.08)). There were more severe cases and poorer outcomes for COVID-19 patients treated in Hubei, which might be attributed to the prolonged duration of symptom onset to hospitalisation in the epicentre. Future studies to determine the reason for delaying hospitalisation are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32517511, "title": "Post the Pandemic: How will COVID-19 Transform Diabetic Foot Disease Management?", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Najafi, Bijan"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517511", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362678, "pmcid": "PMC7195021", "title": "Baculovirus transit through insect cell membranes: A mechanistic approach.", "journal": "Chem Eng Sci", "authors": ["Zhang, Youhong", "Enden, Giora", "Wei, Wei", "Zhou, Feng", "Chen, Jie", "Merchuk, Jose C"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362678", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Baculovirus systems are used for various purposes, but the kinetics of the infection process is not fully understood yet. We investigated the dynamics of virion movement from a medium toward the interior of insect cells and established a mechanistic model that shows an excellent fit to experimental results. It also makes possible a description of the viral dynamics on the cell surface. A novel measurement method was used to distinguish between infected cells that carry virions on their surfaces, cells that carry virions in their interior, and those carrying virions both inside and on their surface. The maximum number of virions carried by a cell: 55 viruses/cell, and the time required for viral internalization, 0.8 \n                        h\n                     , are reported. This information is particularly useful for assessing the infection efficacy and the required number of virions needed to infect a given cell population. Although our model specifically concerns the infection process of Sf9 insect cells by baculovirus, it describes general features of viral infection. Some of the model features may eventually be applicable in the studies towards palliation of the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32354693, "pmcid": "PMC7180372", "title": "COVID-19, head and neck cancer, and the need of training of health students and practitioners regarding to tobacco control and patient counseling.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Leonel, Augusto Cesar Leal da Silva", "Martelli-Junior, Hercilio", "Bonan, Paulo Rogerio Ferreti", "Kowalski, Luiz Paulo", "da Cruz Perez, Danyel Elias"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354693", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400084, "pmcid": "PMC7272871", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in two patients following recent lung transplantation.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Koczulla, Rembert A", "Sczepanski, Bernd", "Koteczki, Adam", "Kuhnert, Stefan", "Hecker, Matthias", "Askevold, Ingolf", "Schneider, Christian", "Michel, Sebastian", "Kneidinger, Nikolaus"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400084", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a world spreading health problem with pandemic character. Lung transplant recipients may be particularly at risk due to the high degree of immunosupression and the lung being the organ primarily affected by COVID-19. We describe a 16-year old male and a 64-year old female recently lung transplanted patients with COVID-19 during inpatient rehabilitation. Both patients were on triple immunosuppressive therapy and had no signs of allograft dysfunction. Both patients had close contact to a person who developed COVID-19 and were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Subsequently, both patients underwent systematic screening and SARS-CoV-2 was detected ultimately. While the 16-year old boy was completely asymptomatic, the 64-year old woman developed only mild COVID-19. Immunosuppressive therapy was unchanged and no experimental treatment was initiated. No signs of graft involvement or dysfunction were noticed. In conclusion, our report of patients with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and mild COVID-19 respectively, may indicate that lung transplant recipients are not per se at risk for severe COVID-19. Further observations and controlled trials are urgently needed to study SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung transplant recipients."}, {"pmid": 32296570, "pmcid": "PMC7156227", "title": "Structural basis of SARS-CoV-2 3CL(pro) and anti-COVID-19 drug discovery from medicinal plants.", "journal": "J Pharm Anal", "authors": ["Ul Qamar, Muhammad Tahir", "Alqahtani, Safar M", "Alamri, Mubarak A", "Chen, Ling-Ling"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296570", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 raised global health concerns. The viral 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) enzyme controls coronavirus replication and is essential for its life cycle. 3CLpro is a proven drug discovery target in the case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Recent studies revealed that the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is very similar to that of SARS-CoV. Therefore, herein, we analysed the 3CLpro sequence, constructed its 3D homology model, and screened it against a medicinal plant library containing 32,297 potential anti-viral phytochemicals/traditional Chinese medicinal compounds. Our analyses revealed that the top nine hits might serve as potential anti- SARS-CoV-2 lead molecules for further optimisation and drug development process to combat COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32343503, "title": "Allocating Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Persad, Govind", "Phillips, James", "Emanuel, Ezekiel J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343503", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424016, "pmcid": "PMC7237384", "title": "COVID-19 travel restrictions and the International Health Regulations (2005).", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["von Tigerstrom, Barbara", "Wilson, Kumanan"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359409, "pmcid": "PMC7191287", "title": "An Italian programme for COVID-19 infection in multiple sclerosis.", "journal": "Lancet Neurol", "authors": ["Sormani, Maria Pia"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359409", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476218, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019-The principles of the curve, explained simply.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Jozaghi, Yelda"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476218", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the concept of the disease curve has become ubiquitous in medicine and across society. Nevertheless, even among medical specialists, there are common misconception about the curve and how it affects population outcomes. This article provides a simple review of the various population dynamics at play. Principles such as the area under the curve and the threshold of capacity are discussed and simply conceptualized. Understanding the fundamental characteristics of a problem can allow us to see it with more clarity. By the end of the article, the reader will gain an effortless a sense of insight on this topic."}, {"pmid": 32372787, "pmcid": "PMC7194701", "title": "Home testing is no quick fix.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Le Page, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372787", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "UK prime minister Boris Johnson says antibody tests for covid-19 are a game changer, but they may not do much in the short term, argues Michael Le Page."}, {"pmid": 32443476, "title": "Marine Predators Algorithm for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in Italy, USA, Iran and Korea.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Al-Qaness, Mohammed A A", "Ewees, Ahmed A", "Fan, Hong", "Abualigah, Laith", "Abd Elaziz, Mohamed"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443476", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Italy", "United States", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of the new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or COVID-19, has received wide attention by scholars and researchers. The vast increase in infected people is a significant challenge for each country and the international community in general. The prediction and forecasting of the number of infected people (so-called confirmed cases) is a critical issue that helps in understanding the fast spread of COVID-19. Therefore, in this article, we present an improved version of the ANFIS (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) model to forecast the number of infected people in four countries, Italy, Iran, Korea, and the USA. The improved version of ANFIS is based on a new nature-inspired optimizer, called the marine predators algorithm (MPA). The MPA is utilized to optimize the ANFIS parameters, enhancing its forecasting performance. Official datasets of the four countries are used to evaluate the proposed MPA-ANFIS. Moreover, we compare MPA-ANFIS to several previous methods to evaluate its forecasting performance. Overall, the outcomes show that MPA-ANFIS outperforms all compared methods in almost all performance measures, such as Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Squared Relative Error (RMSRE), and Coefficient of Determination( R 2 ). For instance, according to the results of the testing set, the R 2 of the proposed model is 96.48%, 98.59%, 98.74%, and 95.95% for Korea, Italy, Iran, and the USA, respectively. More so, the MAE is 60.31, 3951.94, 217.27, and 12,979, for Korea, Italy, Iran, and the USA, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32474332, "pmcid": "PMC7247454", "title": "Tetralogy of Fallot palliation in a COVID-19 positive neonate.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Salik, Irim", "Mehta, Bhupen"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474332", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401211, "pmcid": "PMC7244220", "title": "Correlations of Online Search Engine Trends With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Incidence: Infodemiology Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Higgins, Thomas S", "Wu, Arthur W", "Sharma, Dhruv", "Illing, Elisa A", "Rubel, Kolin", "Ting, Jonathan Y"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401211", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the latest pandemic of the digital age. With the internet harvesting large amounts of data from the general population in real time, public databases such as Google Trends (GT) and the Baidu Index (BI) can be an expedient tool to assist public health efforts. The aim of this study is to apply digital epidemiology to the current COVID-19 pandemic to determine the utility of providing adjunctive epidemiologic information on outbreaks of this disease and evaluate this methodology in the case of future pandemics. An epidemiologic time series analysis of online search trends relating to the COVID-19 pandemic was performed from January 9, 2020, to April 6, 2020. BI was used to obtain online search data for China, while GT was used for worldwide data, the countries of Italy and Spain, and the US states of New York and Washington. These data were compared to real-world confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19. Chronologic patterns were assessed in relation to disease patterns, significant events, and media reports. Worldwide search terms for shortness of breath, anosmia, dysgeusia and ageusia, headache, chest pain, and sneezing had strong correlations (r>0.60, P<.001) to both new daily confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19. GT COVID-19 (search term) and GT coronavirus (virus) searches predated real-world confirmed cases by 12 days (r=0.85, SD 0.10 and r=0.76, SD 0.09, respectively, P<.001). Searches for symptoms of diarrhea, fever, shortness of breath, cough, nasal obstruction, and rhinorrhea all had a negative lag greater than 1 week compared to new daily cases, while searches for anosmia and dysgeusia peaked worldwide and in China with positive lags of 5 days and 6 weeks, respectively, corresponding with widespread media coverage of these symptoms in COVID-19. This study demonstrates the utility of digital epidemiology in providing helpful surveillance data of disease outbreaks like COVID-19. Although certain online search trends for this disease were influenced by media coverage, many search terms reflected clinical manifestations of the disease and showed strong correlations with real-world cases and deaths."}, {"pmid": 32438677, "title": "Antibody Tests in Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Kontou, Panagiota I", "Braliou, Georgia G", "Dimou, Niki L", "Nikolopoulos, Georgios", "Bagos, Pantelis G"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438677", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 made imperative the need for diagnostic tests that can identify the infection. Although Nucleic Acid Test (NAT) is considered to be the gold standard, serological tests based on antibodies could be very helpful. However, individual studies are usually inconclusive, thus, a comparison of different tests is needed. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in PubMed, medRxiv and bioRxiv. We used the bivariate method for meta-analysis of diagnostic tests pooling sensitivities and specificities. We evaluated IgM and IgG tests based on Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassays (CLIA), Fluorescence Immunoassays (FIA), and the Lateral Flow Immunoassays (LFIA). We identified 38 studies containing data from 7848 individuals. Tests using the S antigen are more sensitive than N antigen-based tests. IgG tests perform better compared to IgM ones and show better sensitivity when the samples were taken longer after the onset of symptoms. Moreover, a combined IgG/IgM test seems to be a better choice in terms of sensitivity than measuring either antibody alone. All methods yield high specificity with some of them (ELISA and LFIA) reaching levels around 99%. ELISA- and CLIA-based methods perform better in terms of sensitivity (90%-94%) followed by LFIA and FIA with sensitivities ranging from 80% to 89%. ELISA tests could be a safer choice at this stage of the pandemic. LFIA tests are more attractive for large seroprevalence studies but show lower sensitivity, and this should be taken into account when designing and performing seroprevalence studies."}, {"pmid": 32299636, "pmcid": "PMC7136883", "title": "Should we expect neurological symptoms in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic?", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Matias-Guiu, J", "Gomez-Pinedo, U", "Montero-Escribano, P", "Gomez-Iglesias, P", "Porta-Etessam, J", "Matias-Guiu, J A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299636", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can gain access to the central nervous system (CNS). We revise the literature on coronavirus infection of the CNS associated with neurological diseases. Neurological symptoms were rarely reported in the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV epidemics, although isolated cases were described. There are also reports of cases of neurological symptoms associated with CoV-OC43 and CoV-229E infection. The presence of neurological lesions, especially demyelinating lesions in the mouse hepatitis virus model, may explain the mechanisms by which coronaviruses enter the CNS, particularly those related with the immune response. This may explain the presence of coronavirus in patients with multiple sclerosis. We review the specific characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and address the question of whether the high number of cases may be associated with greater CNS involvement. Although neurological symptoms are not frequent in coronavirus epidemics, the high number of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection may explain the presence of the virus in the CNS and increase the likelihood of early- or delayed-onset neurological symptoms. Follow-up of patients affected by the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic should include careful assessment of the CNS."}, {"pmid": 32511148, "title": "COVID-19 and Its Potential Effect on Patients With Rheumatic Diseases in Latin America.", "journal": "J Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Elera-Fitzcarrald, Claudia", "Ugarte-Gil, Manuel F", "Alarcon, Graciela S"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic has dramatically affected the entire world. Because of significant disparity levels in Latin American countries with deficient health care access and significant poverty, their population may end up among the most severely impacted. Patients with chronic conditions such as rheumatic diseases are quite vulnerable because of their high flaring risks and subsequent poor outcomes. Additionally, an overuse of antimalarials for the treatment of COVID-19 could lead to shortages in our region. Telemedicine, personal protective equipment use by patients and providers, web conferences, and comprehensive care are tools that will contribute to reduce the risk of infections and other complications in rheumatic disease patients, as well as to improve the knowledge and experience of rheumatologists at a global level."}, {"pmid": 32451259, "pmcid": "PMC7211565", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine as antiviral prophylaxis for exposed caregivers to Covid-19: An urgent appraisal is needed.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Tahiri Joutei Hassani, Rachid", "Bennis, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451259", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the onset of the new coronavirus pandemic, the world is facing a public health emergency. Repositioning hydroxychloroquine (HQ) seems to be a promising option. Many emerging evidences have converged on the effectiveness of HQ in the treatment of Covid-19 infection. In a recent paper, Gautret et al. suggested that further works are needed to determine if HQ antiviral prophylaxis is useful, especially for healthcare workers. The purpose of this paper is to assess the Covid-19 exposure and risks level among caregivers. For this, we performed research on internet and PubMed by crossing the following keywords: healthcare givers, healthcare workers, doctors, nurses, coronavirus, Covid-19, mortality, infection rate, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine. Data on healthcare worker's infection and mortality by Covid-19 are partial and are not systematically published. However, it seems that the infection rate varies between 3.8% and 9% depending on the country. Moreover, the mean age of this population is relatively old, especially in the OECD area. Anti-Covid-19 HQ prophylaxis should be urgently accessed, especially for healthcare workers. It is to be hoped that HQ prophylaxis reduces the morbidity and mortality from Covid-19 infection among this population which is particularly exposed and relatively old."}, {"pmid": 32499448, "title": "Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 at different ages.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Zhao, Mengmeng", "Wang, Menglong", "Zhang, Jishou", "Gu, Jian", "Zhang, Pingan", "Xu, Yao", "Ye, Jing", "Wang, Zhen", "Ye, Di", "Pan, Wei", "Shen, Bo", "He, Hua", "Liu, Mingxiao", "Liu, Menglin", "Luo, Zhen", "Li, Dan", "Liu, Jianfang", "Wan, Jun"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499448", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Information about the clinical characteristics and mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 at different ages is limited. The older group had more patients with dyspnea and fewer patients with fever and muscle pain. Older patients had more underlying diseases, secondary infection, myocardial injury, renal dysfunction, coagulation dysfunction, and immune dysfunction on admission. More older patients received immunoglobulin therapy and mechanical ventilation. The proportions of patients with multiple organ injuries, critically ill patients and death increased significantly with age. The older groups had higher cumulative death risk than the younger group. Hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, comorbidities, acute cardiac injury, shock and complications are independent predictors of death. The symptoms of the elderly patients were more atypical, with more comorbidities, secondary infection, organ injuries, immune dysfunction and a higher risk of critical illness. Older age was an important risk factor for mortality. 1000 patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 from January 1, 2020 to February 14, 2020 were enrolled. According to age, patients were divided into group 1 (<60 years old), group 2 (60-74 years old) and group 3 (\u226575 years old). The clinical symptoms, first laboratory results, CT findings, organ injuries, disease severity and mortality were analyzed."}, {"pmid": 32212386, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Geriatrics and Long-Term Care: The ABCDs of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["D'Adamo, Heather", "Yoshikawa, Thomas", "Ouslander, Joseph G"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212386", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is having a global impact unseen since the 1918 worldwide influenza epidemic. All aspects of life have changed dramatically for now. The group most susceptible to COVID-19 are older adults and those with chronic underlying medical disorders. The population residing in long-term care facilities generally are those who are both old and have multiple comorbidities. In this article we provide information, insights, and recommended approaches to COVID-19 in the long-term facility setting. Because the situation is fluid and changing rapidly, readers are encouraged to access frequently the resources cited in this article. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:912-917, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32144127, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19): a guide for UK GPs.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Razai, Mohammad S", "Doerholt, Katja", "Ladhani, Shamez", "Oakeshott, Pippa"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144127", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436578, "title": "COVID-19 response in northwest Syria: innovation and community engagement in a complex conflict.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Ekzayez, Abdulkarim", "Al-Khalil, Munzer", "Jasiem, Mohamad", "Al Saleh, Raed", "Alzoubi, Zedoun", "Meagher, Kristen", "Patel, Preeti"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436578", "countries": ["Syrian Arab Republic"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite lacking capacity and resources, the health system in the northwest Syria is using innovative approaches for the containment of COVID-19. Lessons drawn from previous outbreaks in the region, such as the polio outbreak in 2013 and the annual seasonal influenza, have enabled the Early Warning and Response Network, a surveillance system to develop mechanisms of predicting risk and strengthening surveillance for the new pandemic. Social media tools such as WhatsApp are effectively collecting health information and communicating health messaging about COVID-19. Community engagement has also been scaled up, mobilizing local resources and encouraging thousands of volunteers to join the 'Volunteers against Corona' campaign. Bottom-up local governance technical entities, such as Idleb Health Directorate and the White Helmets, have played key leadership role in the response. These efforts need to be scaled up to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 in a region chronically affected by a complex armed conflict."}, {"pmid": 32425475, "pmcid": "PMC7229980", "title": "Royal Flying Doctor Service COVID-19 activity and surge modelling in Australia.", "journal": "Air Med J", "authors": ["Gardiner, Fergus W", "Johns, Hannah", "Bishop, Lara", "Churilov, Leonid"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425475", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to describe the characteristics of patients transported by the Royal Flying Doctor Service (RFDS) for confirmed or suspected Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to investigate surge capacity of, and operational implications for, the RFDS in dealing with COVID-19. Prospective cohort study. To determine the characteristics of patients transported for confirmed or suspected COVID-19, we included patient data from 02 February 2020 to 06 May 2020. To investigate surge capacity and operational implications for RFDS in dealing with COVID-19, we built, and validated, an interactive operations area level discrete-event simulation decision support model, underpinned by RFDS aeromedical activity data from 2015 to 2019 (4-years). This model was subsequently used in a factorial in silico experiment to systematically investigate both the supply of RFDS aeromedical services and the increased rates of demand for these services, for diseases of the respiratory system. The RFDS conducted 291 patient episodes of care for confirmed or suspected COVID-19. This included 288 separate patients, including 136 males and 119 females (gender missing=33), with a median age of 62.0 years (IQR=43.5-74.9). The simulation decision support model we developed is capable of providing dynamic and real-time support for RFDS decision-makers in understanding the system's performance under uncertain COVID-19 demand. With increased COVID-19 related demand, the ability of the RFDS to cope will be driven by the number of aircraft available. The simulation model provided each aviation section with estimated numbers of aircraft required to meet a range of anticipated demands. Despite the lack of certainty in the actual level of COVID-19 related demand for RFDS services, modelling demonstrates that robustness of meeting such demand increases with the number of operational and medically staffed aircraft."}, {"pmid": 32402098, "pmcid": "PMC7273107", "title": "Letter: does vitamin D have a potential role against COVID-19? Authors' reply.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Tian, Yuan", "Rong, Long"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402098", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We thank Kumar et al for their comments on our review article and the letter connected with that by Panarese and Shahini.1,2 We agree that there is a complicated effect of vitamin D in preventing the severity of COVID-19, while this mechanism is not exactly the same as that of influenza."}, {"pmid": 32492084, "title": "Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Time to Clinical Improvement in Patients With Severe and Life-threatening COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Li, Ling", "Zhang, Wei", "Hu, Yu", "Tong, Xunliang", "Zheng, Shangen", "Yang, Juntao", "Kong, Yujie", "Ren, Lili", "Wei, Qing", "Mei, Heng", "Hu, Caiying", "Tao, Cuihua", "Yang, Ru", "Wang, Jue", "Yu, Yongpei", "Guo, Yong", "Wu, Xiaoxiong", "Xu, Zhihua", "Zeng, Li", "Xiong, Nian", "Chen, Lifeng", "Wang, Juan", "Man, Ning", "Liu, Yu", "Xu, Haixia", "Deng, E", "Zhang, Xuejun", "Li, Chenyue", "Wang, Conghui", "Su, Shisheng", "Zhang, Linqi", "Wang, Jianwei", "Wu, Yanyun", "Liu, Zhong"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492084", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Convalescent plasma is a potential therapeutic option for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but further data from randomized clinical trials are needed. To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with COVID-19. Open-label, multicenter, randomized clinical trial performed in 7 medical centers in Wuhan, China, from February 14, 2020, to April 1, 2020, with final follow-up April 28, 2020. The trial included 103 participants with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 that was severe (respiratory distress and/or hypoxemia) or life-threatening (shock, organ failure, or requiring mechanical ventilation). The trial was terminated early after 103 of a planned 200 patients were enrolled. Convalescent plasma in addition to standard treatment (n\u2009=\u200952) vs standard treatment alone (control) (n\u2009=\u200951), stratified by disease severity. Primary outcome was time to clinical improvement within 28 days, defined as patient discharged alive or reduction of 2 points on a 6-point disease severity scale (ranging from 1 [discharge] to 6 [death]). Secondary outcomes included 28-day mortality, time to discharge, and the rate of viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results turned from positive at baseline to negative at up to 72 hours. Of 103 patients who were randomized (median age, 70 years; 60 [58.3%] male), 101 (98.1%) completed the trial. Clinical improvement occurred within 28 days in 51.9% (27/52) of the convalescent plasma group vs 43.1% (22/51) in the control group (difference, 8.8% [95% CI, -10.4% to 28.0%]; hazard ratio [HR], 1.40 [95% CI, 0.79-2.49]; P\u2009=\u2009.26). Among those with severe disease, the primary outcome occurred in 91.3% (21/23) of the convalescent plasma group vs 68.2% (15/22) of the control group (HR, 2.15 [95% CI, 1.07-4.32]; P\u2009=\u2009.03); among those with life-threatening disease the primary outcome occurred in 20.7% (6/29) of the convalescent plasma group vs 24.1% (7/29) of the control group (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.30-2.63]; P\u2009=\u2009.83) (P for interaction\u2009=\u2009.17). There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality (15.7% vs 24.0%; OR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.29-1.46]; P\u2009=\u2009.30) or time from randomization to discharge (51.0% vs 36.0% discharged by day 28; HR, 1.61 [95% CI, 0.88-2.93]; P\u2009=\u2009.12). Convalescent plasma treatment was associated with a negative conversion rate of viral PCR at 72 hours in 87.2% of the convalescent plasma group vs 37.5% of the control group (OR, 11.39 [95% CI, 3.91-33.18]; P\u2009<\u2009.001). Two patients in the convalescent plasma group experienced adverse events within hours after transfusion that improved with supportive care. Among patients with severe or life-threatening COVID-19, convalescent plasma therapy added to standard treatment, compared with standard treatment alone, did not result in a statistically significant improvement in time to clinical improvement within 28 days. Interpretation is limited by early termination of the trial, which may have been underpowered to detect a clinically important difference. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000029757."}, {"pmid": 32387014, "pmcid": "PMC7188634", "title": "[Repurposing of chlorpromazine in COVID-19 treatment: the reCoVery study].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Plaze, M", "Attali, D", "Petit, A-C", "Blatzer, M", "Simon-Loriere, E", "Vinckier, F", "Cachia, A", "Chretien, F", "Gaillard, R"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387014", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic comprises a total of more than 2,350,000 cases and 160,000 deaths. The interest in anti-coronavirus drug development has been limited so far and effective methods to prevent or treat coronavirus infections in humans are still lacking. Urgent action is needed to fight this fatal coronavirus infection by reducing the number of infected people along with the infection contagiousness and severity. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak several weeks ago, we observe in GHU PARIS Psychiatrie & Neurosciences (Sainte-Anne hospital, Paris, France) a lower prevalence of symptomatic and severe forms of COVID-19 infections in psychiatric patients (\u223c4%) compared to health care professionals (\u223c14%). Similar observations have been noted in other psychiatric units in France and abroad. Our hypothesis is that psychiatric patients could be protected from severe forms of COVID-19 by their psychotropic treatments. Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is a phenothiazine derivative widely used in clinical routine in the treatment of acute and chronic psychoses. This first antipsychotic medication has been discovered in 1952 by Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker at Sainte-Anne hospital. In addition, to its antipsychotic effects, several in vitro studies have also demonstrated a CPZ antiviral activity via the inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Recently, independent studies revealed that CPZ is an anti-MERS-CoV and an anti-SARS-CoV-1 drug. In comparison to other antiviral drugs, the main advantages of CPZ lie in its biodistribution: (i) preclinical and clinical studies have reported a high CPZ concentration in the lungs (20-200 times higher than in plasma), which is critical because of the respiratory tropism of SARS-CoV-2; (ii) CPZ is highly concentrated in saliva (30-100 times higher than in plasma) and could therefore reduce the contagiousness of COVID-19; (iii) CPZ can cross the blood-brain barrier and could therefore prevent the neurological forms of COVID-19. Our hypothesis is that CPZ could decrease the unfavorable evolution of COVID-19 infection in oxygen-requiring patients without the need for intensive care, but also reduce the contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2. At this end, we designed a pilot, phase III, multicenter, single blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. Efficacy of CPZ will be assessed according to clinical, biological and radiological criteria. The main objective is to demonstrate a shorter time to response (TTR) to treatment in the CPZ+standard-of-care (CPZ+SOC) group, compared to the SOC group. Response to treatment is defined by a reduction of at least one level of severity on the WHO-Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement (WHO-OSCI). The secondary objectives are to demonstrate in the CPZ+SOC group, compared to the SOC group: (A) superior clinical improvement; (B) a greater decrease in the biological markers of viral attack by SARS-CoV-2 (PCR, viral load); (C) a greater decrease in inflammatory markers (e.g. CRP and lymphopenia); (D) a greater decrease in parenchymal involvement (chest CT) on the seventh day post-randomization; (E) to define the optimal dosage of CPZ and its tolerance; (F) to evaluate the biological parameters of response to treatment, in particular the involvement of inflammatory cytokines. Patient recruitment along with the main and secondary objectives are in line with WHO 2020 COVID-19 guidelines. This repositioning of CPZ as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug offers an alternative and rapid strategy to alleviate the virus propagation and the infection severity and lethality. This CPZ repositioning strategy also avoids numerous developmental and experimental steps and can save precious time to rapidly establish an anti-COVID-19 therapy with well-known, limited and easy to manage side effects. Indeed, CPZ is an FDA-approved drug with an excellent tolerance profile, prescribed for around 70 years in psychiatry but also in clinical routine in nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, in advanced cancer and also to treat headaches in various neurological conditions. The broad spectrum of CPZ treatment - including antipsychotic, anxiolytic, antiemetic, antiviral, immunomodulatory effects along with inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and modulation of blood-brain barrier - is in line with the historical French commercial name for CPZ, i.e. LARGACTIL, chosen as a reference to its \"LARGe ACTion\" properties. The discovery of those CPZ properties, as for many other molecules in psychiatry, is both the result of serendipity and careful clinical observations. Using this approach, the field of mental illness could provide innovative therapeutic approaches to fight SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32107254, "title": "Covid-19: Trump says risk to Americans is \"very low\".", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32107254", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181873, "title": "Tabletop exercise to prepare institutions of higher education for an outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Emerg Manag", "authors": ["Wendelboe, Aaron M", "Miller, Amanda", "Drevets, Douglas", "Salinas, Linda", "Miller, E J", "Jackson, Dalton", "Chou, Ann", "Raines, Jill"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181873", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Preparing for public health emergencies is an ongoing process and involves a variety of approaches and tools. Tabletop exercises are one of the tools designed to simulate the emergence of a public health emergency and address some or all of the phases of emergency management: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.1 They typically are designed to include participation of stakeholders from diverse and complementary backgrounds, including command, operations, logistics, planning, and finance.2 Effective tabletop exercises provide a plausible scenario that require cooperation and communication from these functional areas. Tabletops also require forward thinking and planning in a variety of scenarios. When a public health emergency occurs, decision makers may be overwhelmed with decisions that need their immediate attention. Tabletop exercises can provide a framework to help decision makers anticipate future challenges, which may provide the mental model encompassing knowledge and insights that inform both current and future decisions."}, {"pmid": 32238344, "title": "Covid-19: UK deaths are higher than previously reported, new data suggest.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238344", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458370, "pmcid": "PMC7247959", "title": "Management of Outpatient Warfarin Therapy amid COVID-19 Pandemic: A Practical Guide.", "journal": "Am J Cardiovasc Drugs", "authors": ["Kow, Chia Siang", "Sunter, Wendy", "Bain, Amie", "Zaidi, Syed Tabish Razi", "Hasan, Syed Shahzad"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458370", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many healthcare resources have been and continue to be allocated to the management of patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the ongoing care of patients receiving oral anticoagulation with warfarin is likely to be compromised amid this unprecedented crisis. This article discusses a stepwise algorithm for the management of outpatient warfarin therapy. Alternative management strategies are presented and discussed, including alternative pharmacological therapy options and self-monitoring. Our algorithm aims to help clinicians safely optimize the treatment of patients requiring anticoagulation therapy in the context of the global response to the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32500153, "title": "Pain Management Best Practices from Multispecialty Organizations During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Public Health Crises-Evaluating the Risk of Infection Associated with Corticosteroid Injections.", "journal": "Pain Med", "authors": ["Gill, Jatinder S", "Breeze, Janis L", "Simopoulos, Thomas T"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500153", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534143, "title": "Estimating the undetected infections in the Covid-19 outbreak by harnessing capture-recapture methods.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bohning, Dankmar", "Rocchetti, Irene", "Maruotti, Antonello", "Holling, Heinz"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534143", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A major open question, affecting the decisions of policy makers, is the estimation of the true number of Covid-19 infections. Most of them are undetected, because of a large number of asymptomatic cases. We provide an efficient, easy to compute and robust lower bound estimator for the number of undetected cases. A modified version of the Chao estimator is proposed, based on the cumulative time-series distributions of cases and deaths. Heterogeneity has been addressed by assuming a geometrical distribution underlying the data generation process. An (approximated) analytical variance of the estimator has been derived to compute reliable confidence intervals at 95% level. A motivating application to the Austrian situation is provided and compared with an independent and representative study on prevalence of Covid-19 infection. Our estimates match well with the results from the independent prevalence study, but the capture-recapture estimate has less uncertainty involved as it is based on a larger sample size. Results from other European countries are mentioned in the discussion. The estimated ratio of the total estimated cases to the observed cases is around the value of 2.3 for all the analyzed countries. The proposed method answers to a fundamental open question: \"How many undetected cases are going around?\". CR methods provide a straightforward solution to shed light on undetected cases, incorporating heterogeneity that may arise in the probability of being detected."}, {"pmid": 32383776, "pmcid": "PMC7267672", "title": "Patient Follow-up after Discharge after COVID-19 Pneumonia: Considerations for Infectious Control.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zheng, Zhong", "Yao, Zhixian", "Wu, Ke", "Zheng, Junhua"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383776", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a significant global medical issue, with a growing number of cumulative confirmed cases. However, a large number of COVID-19 patients have overcome the disease, meeting hospital discharge criteria, and are gradually returning to work and social life. Nonetheless, COVID-19 may cause further downstream issues in these patients, such as due to possible reactivation of the virus, long-term pulmonary defects, and post-traumatic stress disorder. In this study, we therefore queried relevant literature concerning SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 for reference to come to a consensus on follow-up strategies. We found that strategies such as implementation of PCR testing, imaging surveillance, and psychological assessments, starting at the time of discharge, were necessary for long-term follow-up. If close care is given to every aspect of coronavirus management, we expect that the pandemic outbreak will soon be overcome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32289343, "pmcid": "PMC7151420", "title": "Recurrent PCR positivity after hospital discharge of people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Jiang, Minlin", "Li, Ya", "Han, Mingli", "Wang, Zhenhua", "Zhang, Yuhang", "Du, Xinwei"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289343", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526272, "title": "Antibody-dependent enhancement and COVID-19: Moving toward acquittal.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Yager, Eric J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526272", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196707, "pmcid": "PMC7228290", "title": "The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients coinfected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ding, Qiang", "Lu, Panpan", "Fan, Yuhui", "Xia, Yujia", "Liu, Mei"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196707", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since then the novel coronavirus pneumonia disease has been spreading quickly and many countries and territories have been affected, with major outbreaks in China, South Korea, Italy, and Iran. Influenza virus has been known as a common pathogen in winter and it can cause pneumonia. It was found clinically that very few patients were diagnosed with both COVID-19 and influenza virus. A total of 5 of the 115 patients confirmed with COVID-19 were also diagnosed with influenza virus infection, with three cases being influenza A and two cases being influenza B. In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics of those patients who got infected with COVID-19 as well as influenza virus. Common symptoms at onset of illness included fever (five [100%] patients), cough (five [100%] patients), shortness of breath (five [100%] patients), nasal tampon (three [60%] patients), pharyngalgia (three [60%] patients), myalgia (two [40%] patients), fatigue (two [40%] patients), headache (two [40%] patients), and expectoration (two [40%] patients). The laboratory results showed that compared to the normal values, the patients' lymphocytes were reduced (four [80%] patients), and liver functions alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (two [40%] patients and two [40%] patients) and C-reactive protein (four [80%] patients) were increased when admitted to hospital. They stayed in the hospital for 14, 30, 17, 12, and 19 days (28.4\u2009\u00b1\u20097.02), respectively. The main complications for the patients were acute respiratory distress syndrome (one [20%] patients), acute liver injury (three [60%] patients), and diarrhea (two [40%] patients). All patients were given antiviral therapy (including oseltamivir), oxygen inhalation, and antibiotics. Three patients were treated with glucocorticoids including two treated with oral glucocorticoids. One of the five patients had transient hemostatic medication for hemoptysis. Fortunately, all patients did not need intensive care unit and were discharged from the hospital without death. In conclusion, those patients with both COVID-19 and influenza virus infection did not appear to show a more severe condition because based on the laboratory findings, imaging studies, and patient prognosis, they showed similar clinical characteristics as those patients with COVID-19 infection only. However, it is worth noting that the symptoms of nasal tampon and pharyngalgia may be more prone to appear for those coinfection patients."}, {"pmid": 32391864, "title": "COVID-19 and Racial/Ethnic Disparities.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Webb Hooper, Monica", "Napoles, Anna Maria", "Perez-Stable, Eliseo J"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391864", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421836, "title": "Potential pharmacological perspectives for the treatment/prevention of the SARS-COV-2 infection in opioid dependent patients.", "journal": "J Opioid Manag", "authors": ["Coppola, Maurizio", "Mondola, Raffaella"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421836", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522311, "title": "RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 processed at a large Italian Hospital and false negative results among COVID-19 confirmed cases.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Valent, Francesca", "Doimo, Anna", "Mazzilis, Giada", "Pipan, Corrado"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522311", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379368, "pmcid": "PMC7267257", "title": "Gastrointestinal effects of an attempt to \"disinfect\" from COVID-19.", "journal": "Histopathology", "authors": ["Binder, Lukas", "Hogenauer, Christoph", "Langner, Cord"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379368", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In April 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, a 41-year-old female presented to the emergency department with recurrent vomiting and abdominal pain that had been ongoing on for two days and additional hematemesis for several hours. The past medical history was unremarkable, except for bariatric gastric bypass surgery performed in 2016. During detailed inquiry the patient reported, she had intentionally taken 10 ml of Ethanol-containing hand disinfectant orally per diem for a period of over three weeks in fear of being infected with COVID-19. The product had been obtained from a regular pharmacy and had been produced locally according to WHO standards for hand disinfectan. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed and showed superficial mucosal damage in the oesophagus (Figure 1A), slightly increased mucosal redness in the stomach and severely injured small bowel mucosa with extensive fibrinous exudates (Figure 2A)."}, {"pmid": 32292669, "pmcid": "PMC7152572", "title": "Coronavirus Goes Viral: Quantifying the COVID-19 Misinformation Epidemic on Twitter.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Kouzy, Ramez", "Abi Jaoude, Joseph", "Kraitem, Afif", "El Alam, Molly B", "Karam, Basil", "Adib, Elio", "Zarka, Jabra", "Traboulsi, Cindy", "Akl, Elie W", "Baddour, Khalil"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292669", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, misinformation has been spreading\u00a0uninhibited\u00a0over traditional and social media at a rapid pace. We sought to analyze the magnitude of misinformation that is being spread on Twitter\u00a0(Twitter, Inc., San Francisco, CA) regarding the coronavirus epidemic.\u00a0 Materials and methods We conducted a search on Twitter using 14 different trending hashtags and keywords related to the COVID-19 epidemic. We then summarized and assessed individual tweets for misinformation in comparison to verified and peer-reviewed resources. Descriptive statistics were used to compare\u00a0terms and hashtags, and to identify individual tweets and account characteristics. Results The study included 673 tweets. Most tweets were posted by informal individuals/groups (66%), and 129 (19.2%) belonged to verified Twitter accounts. The majority of included tweets contained serious content (91.2%); 548 tweets (81.4%) included genuine information pertaining to the COVID-19 epidemic. Around 70% of the tweets tackled medical/public health information, while the others were pertaining to sociopolitical and financial factors. In total, 153 tweets (24.8%) included misinformation, and 107 (17.4%) included unverifiable information regarding the COVID-19 epidemic. The rate of misinformation was higher among informal individual/group accounts (33.8%, p: <0.001). Tweets from unverified Twitter accounts contained more misinformation (31.0% vs 12.6% for verified accounts, p: <0.001). Tweets from healthcare/public health accounts had the lowest rate of unverifiable information (12.3%, p: 0.04). The number of likes and retweets per tweet was not associated with a difference in either false or unverifiable content. The keyword \"COVID-19\" had the lowest rate of misinformation and unverifiable information, while the keywords \"#2019_ncov\" and \"Corona\" were associated with the highest amount of misinformation and unverifiable content respectively. Conclusions Medical misinformation and unverifiable content pertaining to the global COVID-19 epidemic are being propagated at an alarming rate on social media. We provide an early quantification of the magnitude of misinformation spread and highlight the importance of early interventions in order to curb this phenomenon that endangers public safety at a time when awareness and appropriate preventive actions are paramount."}, {"pmid": 32417446, "pmcid": "PMC7224677", "title": "Health and Economic Outcomes of Home Maintenance Allergen Immunotherapy in Select Patients with High Health Literacy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis During Exceptional Times.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Shaker, Marcus S", "Mosnaim, Giselle", "Oppenheimer, John", "Stukus, David", "Abrams, Elissa M", "Greenhawt, Matthew"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417446", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is safe and effective but is typically administered under strict clinic observation to mitigate the risk of a systemic reaction to immunotherapy (SRIT). However, in the setting of the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, alternative care models should be explored. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of home immunotherapy self-administration (HITSA) in a highly idealized circumstance for provision of maintenance AIT in a shelter-in-place or other scenarios of unforeseen reduction in nonessential medical services. Markov modeling was used to compare in-office clinic AIT in selected patients using cohort analysis and microsimulation from the societal and health care perspectives. Assuming similar SRIT rates, HITSA was found to be a cost-effective option with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $44,554/quality-adjusted life-year when considering both incremental epinephrine autoinjector costs and coronavirus disease 2019 risks. Excluding epinephrine autoinjector costs, HISTA dominated other options. However, outside of pandemic considerations, HITSA was not cost-effective (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, $198,877,286) at annual epinephrine autoinjector costs above $287. As the incremental HITSA SRIT rate increased above 15%, clinic AIT was the most cost-effective strategy. Excluding both pandemic risks and risk of motor vehicle accident fatality from round-trip clinic transit, clinic AIT dominated other strategies. Clinic AIT was the more cost-effective option at very high fatality relative risk for HITSA or at very low annual risk of contracting coronavirus disease\u00a02019. Under idealized assumptions HITSA can be a safe and cost-effective option during a global pandemic in appropriately selected patients provided home rates of SRIT remain stable."}, {"pmid": 32294812, "title": "[Diagnosis and treatment of disease 2019 novel coronavirus infection suitable for Military support Hubei medical team].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294812", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399895, "pmcid": "PMC7216850", "title": "Possible role of low-dose etoposide therapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis by COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Hematol", "authors": ["Takami, Akiyoshi"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399895", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342865, "pmcid": "PMC7194801", "title": "Covid-19 outbreak in a major radiation oncology department; which lessons should be taken?", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Gemici, Cengiz", "Yaprak, Gokhan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342865", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481381, "title": "A case report with COVID-19 during perioperative period of lobectomy.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Han, Peng", "Li, Fan", "Cao, Peng", "Hu, Shan", "Kong, Kangle", "Deng, Yu", "Zu, Yukun", "Zhao, Bo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481381", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, COVID-19 has made a significant impact on many countries in the world. However, there have been no reported cases of pulmonary lobectomy with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection. We are the first to report such a case. We report a 63-year-old Wuhan male patient with smoking history of 40 cigarettes per day for 40 years. He sought medical consultation for right lower lung nodules found by CT scan. The patient's postoperative pathological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma of the right lower lung. On the fourth day after the operation, the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test showed a positive result. After the operation, we routinely give symptomatic treatments such as anti-infection, nebulization and oxygen inhalation. We also change antibiotics several times depending on the patient's condition. The patient's condition continued to deteriorate. On the fifth day after surgery, the patient died despite medical treatment. We are the first to report the diagnosis and treatment process of patients with COVID-19 during perioperative period of lobectomy. It provides a case for the postoperative management of such patients."}, {"pmid": 32466816, "title": "COVID-19 Healthcare Delivery Impact on African Americans.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Chaturvedi, Rahul", "Gabriel, Rodney A"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466816", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425295, "pmcid": "PMC7228706", "title": "Changes in population movement make COVID-19 spread differently from SARS.", "journal": "Soc Sci Med", "authors": ["Shi, Qiujie", "Dorling, Danny", "Cao, Guangzhong", "Liu, Tao"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This comment discusses the contribution of population movement to the spread of COVID-19, with a reference to the spread of SARS 17 years ago. We argue that the changing geography of migration, the diversification of jobs taken by migrants, the rapid growth of tourism and business trips, and the longer distance taken by people for family reunion are what make the spread of COVID-19 so differently from that of SARS. These changes in population movement are expected to continue. Hence, new strategies in disease prevention and control should be taken accordingly, which are also proposed in the comment."}, {"pmid": 32304401, "pmcid": "PMC7195848", "title": "Orthopaedic Surgical Selection and Inpatient Paradigms During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["Massey, Patrick A", "McClary, Kaylan", "Zhang, Andrew S", "Savoie, Felix H", "Barton, R Shane"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304401", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pandemic, also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has placed an immense strain on healthcare systems across the entire world. Consequently, multiple federal and state governments have placed restrictions on hospitals such as limiting \"elective surgery\" and recommending social or physical distancing. We review the literature on several areas that have been affected including surgical selection, inpatient care, and physician well-being. These areas affecting inpatient paradigms include surgical priority, physical or social distancing, file sharing for online clinical communications, and physician wellness. During this crisis, it is important that orthopaedic departments place an emphasis on personnel safety and slowing the spread of the virus so that the department can still maintain vital functions. Physical distancing and emerging technologies such as inpatient telemedicine and online file sharing applications can enable orthopaedic programs to still function while attempting to protect medical staff and patients from the novel coronavirus spread. This literature review sought to provide evidence-based guidance to orthopaedic departments during an unprecedented time. Orthopaedic surgeons should follow the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines, wear personal protective equipment (PPE) when appropriate, have teams created using physical distancing, understand the department's policy on elective surgery, and engage in routines which enhance physician wellness."}, {"pmid": 32493473, "pmcid": "PMC7267756", "title": "Repair of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Stromal Cell Administration in COVID-19 (REALIST-COVID-19): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised, controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Gorman, Ellen", "Shankar-Hari, Manu", "Hopkins, Phil", "Tunnicliffe, William S", "Perkins, Gavin D", "Silversides, Jonathan", "McGuigan, Peter", "Jackson, Colette", "Boyle, Roisin", "McFerran, Jamie", "McDowell, Cliona", "Campbell, Christina", "McFarland, Margaret", "Smythe, Jon", "Thompson, Jacqui", "Williams, Barry", "Curley, Gerard", "Laffey, John G", "Clarke, Mike", "O'Kane, Cecilia", "McAuley, Daniel F"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493473", "countries": ["Germany", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The primary objective of the study is to assess the safety of a single intravenous infusion of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19. Secondary objectives are to determine the effects of MSCs on important clinical outcomes, as described below. REALIST COVID 19 is a randomised, placebo-controlled, triple blinded trial. The study will be conducted in Intensive Care Units in hospitals across the United Kingdom. Patients with moderate to severe ARDS as defined by the Berlin definition, receiving invasive mechanical ventilation and with a diagnosis of COVID-19 based on clinical diagnosis or PCR test will be eligible. Patients will be excluded for the following reasons: more than 72 hours from the onset of ARDS; age < 16 years; patient known to be pregnant; major trauma in previous 5 days; presence of any active malignancy (other than non-melanoma skin cancer); WHO Class III or IV pulmonary hypertension; venous thromboembolism currently receiving anti-coagulation or within the past 3 months; patient receiving extracorporeal life support; severe chronic liver disease (Child-Pugh > 12); Do Not Attempt Resuscitation order in place; treatment withdrawal imminent within 24 hours; prisoners; declined consent; non-English speaking patients or those who do not adequately understand verbal or written information unless an interpreter is available; previously enrolled in the REALIST trial. Intervention: Allogeneic donor CD362 enriched human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stromal cells (REALIST ORBCEL-C) supplied as sterile, single-use cryopreserved cell suspension of a fixed dose of 400 x106 cells in 40ml volume, to be diluted in Plasma-Lyte 148 to a total volume of 200mls for administration. Comparator (placebo): Plasma-Lyte 148 Solution for Infusion (200mls). The cellular product (REALIST ORBCEL-C) was developed and patented by Orbsen Therapeutics. The primary safety outcome is the incidence of serious adverse events. The primary efficacy outcome is Oxygenation Index (OI) at day 7. Secondary outcomes include: OI at days 4 and 14; respiratory compliance, driving pressure and PaO2/FiO2 ratio (PF ratio) at days 4, 7 and 14; Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at days 4, 7 and 14; extubation and reintubation; ventilation free days at day 28; duration of mechanical ventilation; length of ICU and hospital stay; 28-day and 90-day mortality. After obtaining informed consent, patients will be randomised via a centralised automated 24-hour telephone or web-based randomisation system (CHaRT, Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials, University of Aberdeen). Randomisation will be stratified by recruitment centre and by vasopressor use and patients will be allocated to REALIST ORBCEL-C or placebo control in a 1:1 ratio. The investigator, treating physician, other members of the site research team and participants will be blinded. The cell therapy facility and clinical trials pharmacist will be unblinded to facilitate intervention and placebo preparation. The unblinded individuals will keep the treatment information confidential. The infusion bag will be masked at the time of preparation and will be administered via a masked infusion set. A sample size of 60 patients with 30 patients randomised to the intervention and 30 to the control group. If possible, recruitment will continue beyond 60 patients to provide more accurate and definitive trial results. The total number of patients recruited will depend on the pandemic and be guided by the data monitoring and ethics committee (DMEC). REALIST Phase 1 completed in January 2020 prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was an open label dose escalation study of REALIST ORBCEL-C in patients with ARDS. The COVID-19 pandemic emerged as REALIST Phase 2 was planned to commence and the investigator team decided to repurpose the Phase 2 trial as a COVID-19 specific trial. This decision was discussed and approved by the Trial Steering Committee (TSC) and DMEC. Submissions were made to the Research Ethics Committee (REC) and MHRA to amend the protocol to a COVID-19 specific patient population and the protocol amendment was accepted by the REC on 27th March 2020 and MHRA on 30th March 2020 respectively. Other protocol changes in this amendment included an increase in the time of onset of ARDS from 48 to 72 hours, inclusion of clinical outcomes as secondary outcomes, the provision of an option for telephone consent, an indicative sample size and provision to continue recruitment beyond this indicative sample size. The current protocol in use is version 4.0 23.03.2020 (Additional file 1). Urgent Public Health status was awarded by the NIHR on 2 April 2020 and the trial opened to recruitment and recruited the first participant the same day. At the time of publication the trial was open to recruitment at 5 sites across the UK (Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, King's College London, Guys and St Thomas' Hospital London, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital and the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham) and 12 patients have been recruited across these sites. Additional sites are planned to open and appropriate approvals for these are being obtained. It is estimated recruitment will continue for 6 months. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03042143 (Registered 3 Feb 2017). EudraCT 2017-000585-33 (Registered 28 Nov 2017). The full protocol (version 4.0 23.03.2020) is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest of expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2)."}, {"pmid": 32428144, "title": "Coronavirus: a clinical update of Covid-19.", "journal": "Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)", "authors": ["Cespedes, Mateus da Silveira", "Souza, Jose Carlos Rosa Pires de"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428144", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A covid-19 pandemic decreed by WHO has raised greater awareness of it. The infection reached the mark of 350,000 patients in 33 countries and affected as comorbidities the presence of comorbidities and advanced age. The transmissibility calculated so far is similar to the H1N1 epidemic, but with lower mortality rates. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, of the Coronaviridae family, has the capacity for cellular invasion through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 does not have a lower respiratory epithelium and in the cells of the small intestine mucosa. A presentation can be divided into mild (fever, fatigue, cough, myalgia, and sputum) and severe (cyanosis, dyspnoea, tachypnea, chest pain, hypoxemia and need for clinical measurement) and has an estimated estimate of 2%.allows the detection of viral load in CRP-TR of patients with high clinical suspicion. Based on supportive measures and infection control. In severe cases, the use of medications such as hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin or medication can be promising. Take care to avoid the use of corticosteroids. There are no restrictions on the use of resources and ACEIs / ARBs."}, {"pmid": 32360420, "pmcid": "PMC7182527", "title": "Cytokine storm intervention in the early stages of COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Sun, Xinjuan", "Wang, Tianyuan", "Cai, Dayong", "Hu, Zhiwei", "Chen, Jin'an", "Liao, Hui", "Zhi, Liming", "Wei, Hongxia", "Zhang, Zhihong", "Qiu, Yuying", "Wang, Jing", "Wang, Aiping"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360420", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical intervention in patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has demonstrated a strong upregulation of cytokine production in patients who are critically ill with SARS-CoV2-induced pneumonia. In a retrospective study of 41 patients with COVID-19, most patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed mild symptoms, whereas some patients later developed aggravated disease symptoms, and eventually passed away because of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), as a consequence of a severe cytokine storm. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infected pneumonia were first published January 30th, 2020; these guidelines recommended for the first time that cytokine monitoring should be applied in severely ill patients to reduce pneumonia related mortality. The cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 illness is also an important component of mortality in other viral diseases, including SARS, MERS and influenza. In view of the severe morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pneumonia, we review the current understanding of treatment of human coronavirus infections from the perspective of a dysregulated cytokine and immune response."}, {"pmid": 32501808, "title": "Nature and Diffusion of COVID-19-related Oral Health Information on Chinese Social Media: An Analysis of Tweets on Weibo.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Tao, Zhuoying", "Chu, Guang", "McGrath, Colman", "Hua, Fang", "Leung, Yiu Yan", "Yang, Weifa", "Su, Yuxiong"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501808", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social media has become increasingly important as a source of information for the public and is widely utilized for health-related information. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exerted a negative impact on dental practices. The aim of this study is to analyze the nature and diffusion of COVID-19-related oral health information on Chinese social media Weibo. A total of 15,900 tweets related to oral health/dentistry information from Weibo during COVID-19 outbreak in China (31st December 2019 - 16th March 2020) were included in our study. The two researchers coded 1000 of the total tweets in advance and two main thematic categories with eight subtypes were refined. The included tweets were analyzed over time and geographic region, and coded into 8 thematic categories. Additionally, the time distributions of tweets containing information about dental services, needs of dental treatment and home oral care during COVID-19 epidemic were further analyzed. People reacted rapidly to the emerging SARS-CoV-2 threat to dental services and a large amount of COVID-19-related oral health information were tweeted on Weibo. The time and geographic distribution of tweets shared similarities with epidemiological data of COVID-19 outbreak in China. Tweets containing home oral care and dental services contents were the most frequently exchanged information (30.20% and 28.16%, respectively). Significant differences of public attention were found between various types of bloggers in dental services related tweets (P < 0.001), and the tweets from the government and media engaged the most public attention. The distributions of tweets containing information about dental services, needs of dental treatment and home oral care information dynamically changed with time. Our study overviewed and analyzed social media data on the dental services and oral health information during COVID-19 epidemic, thus providing insights for the government organization, media and dental professionals to better facilitate oral health communication and efficiently shape public concern through social media when routine dental services are unavailable during an unprecedented event. The study of nature and distribution of social media can serve as a useful adjunct tool to help make public health policies."}, {"pmid": 32496340, "title": "Management of Digestive Disorders and Procedures Associated With COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiaomei", "Tang, Chengwei", "Tian, Dean", "Hou, Xiaohua", "Yang, Yunsheng"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496340", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437124, "pmcid": "PMC7263075", "title": "Selective Naked-Eye Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Mediated by N Gene Targeted Antisense Oligonucleotide Capped Plasmonic Nanoparticles.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Moitra, Parikshit", "Alafeef, Maha", "Dighe, Ketan", "Frieman, Matthew B", "Pan, Dipanjan"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437124", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) demands its rapid, convenient, and large-scale diagnosis to downregulate its spread within as well as across the communities. But the reliability, reproducibility, and selectivity of majority of such diagnostic tests fail when they are tested either to a viral load at its early representation or to a viral gene mutated during its current spread. In this regard, a selective \"naked-eye\" detection of SARS-CoV-2 is highly desirable, which can be tested without accessing any advanced instrumental techniques. We herein report the development of a colorimetric assay based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), when capped with suitably designed thiol-modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) specific for N-gene (nucleocapsid phosphoprotein) of SARS-CoV-2, could be used for diagnosing positive COVID-19 cases within 10 min from the isolated RNA samples. The thiol-modified ASO-capped AuNPs agglomerate selectively in the presence of its target RNA sequence of SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate a change in its surface plasmon resonance. Further, the addition of RNaseH cleaves the RNA strand from the RNA-DNA hybrid leading to a visually detectable precipitate from the solution mediated by the additional agglomeration among the AuNPs. The selectivity of the assay has been monitored in the presence of MERS-CoV viral RNA with a limit of detection of 0.18 ng/\u03bcL of RNA having SARS-CoV-2 viral load. Thus, the current study reports a selective and visual \"naked-eye\" detection of COVID-19 causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, without the requirement of any sophisticated instrumental techniques."}, {"pmid": 32497031, "title": "COVID-19 Monitoring and Response Among U.S. Air Force Basic Military Trainees - Texas, March-April 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Marcus, Joseph E", "Frankel, Dianne N", "Pawlak, Mary T", "Casey, Theresa M", "Blackwell, Rebecca S", "Tran, Francis V", "Dolan, Mathew J", "Yun, Heather C"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497031", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in substantial morbidity and mortality since it was first described in December 2019 (1). Based on epidemiologic data showing spread in congregate settings (2-4), national, state, and local governments instituted significant restrictions on large gatherings to prevent transmission of disease in early March 2020. This and other nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have shown initial success in slowing the pandemic across the country (5). This report examines the first 7 weeks (March 1-April 18) of implementation of NPIs in Basic Military Training (BMT) at a U.S. Air Force base. In a population of 10,579 trainees, COVID-19 incidence was limited to five cases (47 per 100,000 persons), three of which were in persons who were contacts of the first patient. Transmission of symptomatic COVID-19 was successfully limited using strategies of quarantine, social distancing, early screening of trainees, rapid isolation of persons with suspected cases, and monitored reentry into training for trainees with positive test results after resolution of symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32087098, "pmcid": "PMC7130008", "title": "Enteric involvement of coronaviruses: is faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 possible?", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Yeo, Charleen", "Kaushal, Sanghvi", "Yeo, Danson"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087098", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233030, "title": "3D printed circuit splitter and flow restriction devices for multiple patient lung ventilation using one anaesthesia workstation or ventilator.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Clarke, A L"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233030", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327128, "pmcid": "PMC7167498", "title": "Preparedness among Ophthalmologists: During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Olivia Li, Ji-Peng", "Shantha, Jessica", "Wong, Tien Y", "Wong, Edmund Y", "Mehta, Jod", "Lin, Haotian", "Lin, Xiaofeng", "Strouthidis, Nicholas G", "Park, Ki Ho", "Fung, Adrian T", "McLeod, Stephen D", "Busin, Massimo", "Parke, David W 2nd", "Holland, Gary N", "Chodosh, James", "Yeh, Steven", "Ting, Daniel S W"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327128", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220612, "pmcid": "PMC7102634", "title": "Diabetes patients with COVID-19 need better blood glucose management in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Zhou, Jun", "Tan, Jie"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220612", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460383, "title": "Fighting COVID-19, a place for artificial intelligence.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Emile, Sameh Hany", "Hamid, Hytham K S"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460383", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237206, "title": "Obesity and its Implications for COVID-19 Mortality.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Dietz, William", "Santos-Burgoa, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237206", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437014, "title": "A preliminary evaluation on the efficacy of ozone therapy in the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zheng, Zhishui", "Dong, Minglin", "Hu, Ke"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437014", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Ozone may exert its antiviral actions and ozone therapy has been demonstrated therapeutically usefulness in influenza and novel viruses. In this letter, two severe cases with COVID-19 received ozone therapy were described. The results showed that ozone therapy may promote recovery of clinical condition and improvement of chest CT images, shorten the duration of viral shedding and length of hospital stay. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32505658, "title": "An Exit Strategy for Resuming Non-Emergency Neurosurgery after SARS-CoV-2: a UK Perspective.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Hill, Ciaran S", "Muirhead, William R", "Vakharia, Vejay N", "Marcus, Hani J", "Choi, David"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505658", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Substantial healthcare resources have been diverted to deal with the effects of the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and non-emergency neurosurgery has been effectively shut down. As we start to emerge from the crisis, we need to deal with the backlog of non-emergency neurosurgical patients whose treatment has been delayed, whilst remaining responsive to further possible surges of infection. This article aims to identify core themes and challenges that limit resumption of a normal neurosurgical service after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and to provide pragmatic advice and solutions that may be of utility to clinicians looking to resume non-emergency neurosurgical care. We reviewed of relevant international policies, a wide range of journalistic and media sources, and expert opinion to address the stated aims. We present and discuss a range of factors that may act as potential barriers to resuming full elective neurosurgical provision, along with important steps that must be overcome to achieve pre-COVID-19 surgical capacity. We also explore how we may overcome these challenges and outline key requirements for a successful neurosurgical exit strategy from the pandemic. Recommencing non-emergency neurosurgery can start once minimum criteria have been fulfilled, these must include: 1. A structured prioritization of surgical cases 2. Incidence of virus infection should fall sufficiently to release previously diverted healthcare capacity 3. Adequate safety criteria met for patients and staff including sufficient personal protective equipment and robust testing 4. Maintenance of systems for rapid communication at organizational and individual levels."}, {"pmid": 32350860, "title": "Dose Rationale for Favipiravir Use in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Eloy, Philippine", "Solas, Caroline", "Touret, Franck", "Mentre, France", "Malvy, Denis", "de Lamballerie, Xavier", "Guedj, Jeremie"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350860", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364809, "title": "Inpatient teledermatology during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Rismiller, Kyle", "Cartron, Alexander M", "Trinidad, John C L"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364809", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global health crisis in which personal protective equipment has become increasingly limited. Dermatologists are poised to use technology, such as teledermatology, to innovate existing workflows and optimize dermatologic care. The state of Ohio has emerged as a leader in the United States with its response to the COVID-19 crisis. In response to the COVID-19 crisis, we developed a simple algorithm and strict guidelines to prioritize telemedicine specifically for inpatient dermatology consults. This algorithm was quickly accepted by our hospital leadership and adopted by other inpatient consultative services. In this Viewpoint, we share our experience with early adoption of teledermatology in the inpatient consultative setting in light of the COVID-19 crisis. We also highlight the limitations, ethical considerations, and areas for future research with respect to the implementation of teledermatology."}, {"pmid": 32293582, "pmcid": "PMC7175787", "title": "Data Mining and Content Analysis of the Chinese Social Media Platform Weibo During the Early COVID-19 Outbreak: Retrospective Observational Infoveillance Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Li, Jiawei", "Xu, Qing", "Cuomo, Raphael", "Purushothaman, Vidya", "Mackey, Tim"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293582", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which began in Wuhan, China in December 2019, is rapidly spreading worldwide with over 1.9 million cases as of mid-April 2020. Infoveillance approaches using social media can help characterize disease distribution and public knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors critical to the early stages of an outbreak. The aim of this study is to conduct a quantitative and qualitative assessment of Chinese social media posts originating in Wuhan City on the Chinese microblogging platform Weibo during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. Chinese-language messages from Wuhan were collected for 39 days between December 23, 2019, and January 30, 2020, on Weibo. For quantitative analysis, the total daily cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan were obtained from the Chinese National Health Commission, and a linear regression model was used to determine if Weibo COVID-19 posts were predictive of the number of cases reported. Qualitative content analysis and an inductive manual coding approach were used to identify parent classifications of news and user-generated COVID-19 topics. A total of 115,299 Weibo posts were collected during the study time frame consisting of an average of 2956 posts per day (minimum 0, maximum 13,587). Quantitative analysis found a positive correlation between the number of Weibo posts and the number of reported cases from Wuhan, with approximately 10 more COVID-19 cases per 40 social media posts (P<.001). This effect size was also larger than what was observed for the rest of China excluding Hubei Province (where Wuhan is the capital city) and held when comparing the number of Weibo posts to the incidence proportion of cases in Hubei Province. Qualitative analysis of 11,893 posts during the first 21 days of the study period with COVID-19-related posts uncovered four parent classifications including Weibo discussions about the causative agent of the disease, changing epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak, public reaction to outbreak control and response measures, and other topics. Generally, these themes also exhibited public uncertainty and changing knowledge and attitudes about COVID-19, including posts exhibiting both protective and higher-risk behaviors. The results of this study provide initial insight into the origins of the COVID-19 outbreak based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of Chinese social media data at the initial epicenter in Wuhan City. Future studies should continue to explore the utility of social media data to predict COVID-19 disease severity, measure public reaction and behavior, and evaluate effectiveness of outbreak communication."}, {"pmid": 32372825, "pmcid": "PMC7194580", "title": "When time drags.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Prescod-Weinstein, Chanda"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372825", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic is making life feel very slow, but observing timescales across the universe can bring us some comfort, writes Chanda Prescod-Weinstein."}, {"pmid": 32529025, "pmcid": "PMC7280021", "title": "Commercially available endoscopy facemasks to prevent aerosolizing spread of droplets during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Endosc Int Open", "authors": ["Bojorquez, Alejandro", "Larequi, Francisco Javier Zozaya", "Betes, Maria Teresa", "Subtil, Jose Carlos", "Munoz-Navas, Miguel"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442266, "title": "Barriers to Hospital Electronic Public Health Reporting and Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Holmgren, A Jay", "Apathy, Nate C", "Adler-Milstein, Julia"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442266", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We sought to identify barriers to hospital reporting of electronic surveillance data to local, state, and federal public health agencies and the impact on areas projected to be overwhelmed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using 2018 American Hospital Association data, we identified barriers to surveillance data reporting, and combined this with data on the projected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital capacity at the hospital referral region (HRR) level. Our results find the most common barrier was public health agencies lacked the capacity to electronically receive data, with 41.2% of all hospitals reporting it. We also identified 31 HRRs in the top quartile of projected bed capacity needed for COVID-19 patients in which over half of hospitals in the area reported that the relevant public health agency was unable to receive electronic data. Public health agencies' inability to receive electronic data is the most prominent hospital-reported barrier to effective syndromic surveillance. This reflects the policy commitment of investing in information technology for hospitals without a concomitant investment in IT infrastructure for state and local public health agencies."}, {"pmid": 32382737, "pmcid": "PMC7239108", "title": "A Peptide-based Magnetic Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay for Serological Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cai, Xue-Fei", "Chen, Juan", "Hu, Jie-Li", "Long, Quan-Xin", "Deng, Hai-Jun", "Fan, Kai", "Liao, Pu", "Liu, Bei-Zhong", "Wu, Gui-Cheng", "Chen, Yao-Kai", "Li, Zhi-Jie", "Wang, Kun", "Zhang, Xiao-Li", "Tian, Wen-Guang", "Xiang, Jiang-Lin", "Du, Hong-Xin", "Wang, Jing", "Hu, Yuan", "Tang, Ni", "Lin, Yong", "Ren, Ji-Hua", "Huang, Lu-Yi", "Wei, Jie", "Gan, Chun-Yang", "Chen, Yan-Meng", "Gao, Qing-Zhu", "Chen, A-Mei", "He, Chang-Long", "Wang, Dao-Xin", "Hu, Peng", "Zhou, Fa-Chun", "Huang, Ai-Long", "Liu, Ping", "Wang, De-Qiang"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382737", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, a novel \u00df-coronavirus, cause severe pneumonia and has spread throughout the globe rapidly. The disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is named COVID-19. To date, real-time RT-PCR is the only test able to confirm this infection. However, the accuracy of RT-PCR depends on several factors; variations in these factors might significantly lower the sensitivity of detection. Here, we developed a peptide-based luminescent immunoassay that detected immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM. The assay cut-off value was determined by evaluating the sera from healthy and infected patients for pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2. To evaluate assay performance, we detected IgG and IgM in the sera from confirmed patients. The positive rate of IgG and IgM was 71.4% and 57.2%, respectively. Therefore, combining our immunoassay with real-time RT-PCR might enhance the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32515525, "title": "Mental health services in Italy during the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Carpiniello, Bernardo", "Tusconi, Massimo", "di Sciascio, Guido", "Zanalda, Enrico", "di Giannantonio, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515525", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207542, "pmcid": "PMC7228241", "title": "Action at a Distance: Geriatric Research during a Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Nicol, Ginger E", "Piccirillo, Jay F", "Mulsant, Benoit H", "Lenze, Eric J"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207542", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\"Action at a distance\" may be the new norm for clinical researchers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic that may require social distancing for the next 18 months. We must minimize face-to-face contact with vulnerable populations. But we must also persist, adapt, and help our older patients and study participants during the pandemic. Clinical researchers have an obligation to help, and we can. Recommendations for clinical researchers working with older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed. Implement technology now: Minimize face-to-face contact with participants by utilizing digital tools, such as shifting to electronic informed consent and digital HIPAA-compliant tools such as e-mailed surveys or telehealth assessments. Assess the psychological and social impact of COVID-19: How are participants coping? What health or social behaviors have changed? How are they keeping up with current events? What are they doing to stay connected to their families, friends, and communities? Are their healthcare needs being met? Current studies should be adapted immediately to these ends. Mobilize research platforms for patient needs: Leverage our relationships with participants and rapidly deploy novel clinical engagement techniques such as digital tools to intervene remotely and reduce the negative effects of social isolation on our participants. Equip research staff with tangible resources, and provide timely population-specific health information to support patients and healthcare providers. We have an opportunity to make an impact on our older adult patients now as this pandemic continues to unfold. Above all, clinical researchers need to continue working, to help as many people as possible through the crisis. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:922-925, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32527742, "title": "Does bronchoscopy help the diagnosis in Covid-19 infection?", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Ora, Josuel", "Puxeddu, Ermanno", "Cavalli, Francesco", "Giorgino, Federica Maria", "Girolami, Andrea", "Chiocchi, Marcello", "Sergiacomi, Giaunluigi", "Federici, Massimo", "Rogliani, Paola"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527742", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32156680, "title": "Covid-19: roundup of latest news.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156680", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427063, "title": "Surgical Smoke in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is It Time to Reconsider Policies on Smoke Evacuation?", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Pavlinec, Jonathan", "Su, Li-Ming"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427063", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502644, "pmcid": "PMC7266588", "title": "Excretion of Sars-Cov-2 in human breastmilk samples.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Costa, Simonetta", "Posteraro, Brunella", "Marchetti, Simona", "Tamburrini, Enrica", "Carducci, Brigida", "Lanzone, Antonio", "Valentini, Piero", "Buonsenso, Danilo", "Sanguinetti, Maurizio", "Vento, Giovanni", "Cattani, Paola"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502644", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327236, "pmcid": "PMC7159876", "title": "CoViD-19 and ortho and trauma surgery: The Italian experience.", "journal": "Injury", "authors": ["Placella, Giacomo", "Salvato, Damiano", "Delmastro, Elena", "Bettinelli, Giulia", "Salini, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327236", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32026148, "pmcid": "PMC7091166", "title": "Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Chen, Zhi-Min", "Fu, Jun-Fen", "Shu, Qiang", "Chen, Ying-Hu", "Hua, Chun-Zhen", "Li, Fu-Bang", "Lin, Ru", "Tang, Lan-Fang", "Wang, Tian-Lin", "Wang, Wei", "Wang, Ying-Shuo", "Xu, Wei-Ze", "Yang, Zi-Hao", "Ye, Sheng", "Yuan, Tian-Ming", "Zhang, Chen-Mei", "Zhang, Yuan-Yuan"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32026148", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, an epidemic caused by novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has occurred unexpectedly in China. As of 8 pm, 31 January 2020, more than 20 pediatric cases have been reported in China. Of these cases,\u00a0ten patients were identified in Zhejiang Province, with an age of onset ranging from 112\u00a0days to 17\u00a0years. Following the latest National recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by 2019-nCoV (the 4th edition) and current status of clinical practice in Zhejiang Province, recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infection caused by 2019-nCoV for children were drafted by the National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, the\u00a0National Children's Regional Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine to further standardize the protocol for diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infection in children caused by 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32222911, "pmcid": "PMC7101875", "title": "Providing pharmacy services during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharm", "authors": ["Liu, Shao", "Luo, Ping", "Tang, Mimi", "Hu, Qin", "Polidoro, Joseph P", "Sun, Shusen", "Gong, Zhicheng"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222911", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is quickly spreading across China and globally. Pharmacy services are an important\u00a0pillar in public health to prevent and contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Chinese pharmacists have acted swiftly in the public health response in China, such as drafting professional service guidance to pharmacists and pharmacies, establishing emergency drug formularies, monitoring and resolving drug shortages, establishing remote pharmacy services to prevent human-to-human infections, providing event-driven pharmaceutical care, educating the public on infection prevention and disease management, and participating in clinical trials and drug evaluation. This commentary reviews the unique needs of pharmacy services in the COVID-19 pandemic, and shares our experiences with the international pharmacy community in the response to these needs."}, {"pmid": 32425004, "pmcid": "PMC7089061", "title": "Clinical value of the emergency department in screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Zhang, Qin", "Pan, Jian", "Zhao, Min-Xing", "Lu, Yuan-Qiang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425004", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, China has gradually built a robust prevention and control system for sudden infectious diseases. All large hospitals have a fever clinic that isolates patients with all kinds of acute communicable diseases as the first line of medical defense. The emergency department, as the second line of medical defense in hospitals, is constantly shouldering the heavy responsibility of screening communicable diseases while also treating all kinds of other non-communicable acute and critical diseases (Zhang et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2017; Feng et al., 2018; Lu, 2018; Xu and Lu, 2019). An outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology that began in Wuhan city (China) has spread rapidly in China since December 2019 (Huang et al., 2020; WHO, 2020; Zhu et al., 2020). In February 2020, the National Health Commission of China named the disease a novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP); then, it was formally named the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on Feb. 11, 2020. The Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses designated this causative virus as SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the \u03b2 coronavirus genus, and its pathogenic mechanism has not been clarified, which requires further study. To better understand the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and more effectively prevent and control this disease, we retrospectively analyzed four representative cases of COVID-19 that had recently been screened and diagnosed in our emergency department."}, {"pmid": 32471829, "pmcid": "PMC7267882", "title": "Novel Immunoglobulin Domain Proteins Provide Insights into Evolution and Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-Related Viruses.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Tan, Yongjun", "Schneider, Theresa", "Leong, Matthew", "Aravind, L", "Zhang, Dapeng"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471829", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recently identified as the causative agent for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak that has generated a global health crisis. We use a combination of genomic analysis and sensitive profile-based sequence and structure analysis to understand the potential pathogenesis determinants of this virus. As a result, we identify several fast-evolving genomic regions that might be at the interface of virus-host interactions, corresponding to the receptor binding domain of the Spike protein, the three tandem Macro fold domains in ORF1a, and the uncharacterized protein ORF8. Further, we show that ORF8 and several other proteins from alpha- and beta-CoVs belong to novel families of immunoglobulin (Ig) proteins. Among them, ORF8 is distinguished by being rapidly evolving, possessing a unique insert, and having a hypervariable position among SARS-CoV-2 genomes in its predicted ligand-binding groove. We also uncover numerous Ig domain proteins from several unrelated metazoan viruses, which are distinct in sequence and structure but share comparable architectures to those of the CoV Ig domain proteins. Hence, we propose that SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 and other previously unidentified CoV Ig domain proteins fall under the umbrella of a widespread strategy of deployment of Ig domain proteins in animal viruses as pathogenicity factors that modulate host immunity. The rapid evolution of the ORF8 Ig domain proteins points to a potential evolutionary arms race between viruses and hosts, likely arising from immune pressure, and suggests a role in transmission between distinct host species.IMPORTANCE The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic strongly emphasizes the need for a more complete understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of its causative agent SARS-CoV-2. Despite intense scrutiny, several proteins encoded by the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and other SARS-like coronaviruses remain enigmatic. Moreover, the high infectivity and severity of SARS-CoV-2 in certain individuals make wet-lab studies currently challenging. In this study, we used a series of computational strategies to identify several fast-evolving regions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins which are potentially under host immune pressure. Most notably, the hitherto-uncharacterized protein encoded by ORF8 is one of them. Using sensitive sequence and structural analysis methods, we show that ORF8 and several other proteins from alpha- and beta-coronavirus comprise novel families of immunoglobulin domain proteins, which might function as potential immune modulators to delay or attenuate the host immune response against the viruses."}, {"pmid": 32479232, "title": "Funders' Efforts: Aging And Health, COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479232", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32151335, "pmcid": "PMC7159281", "title": "Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chen, Huijun", "Guo, Juanjuan", "Wang, Chen", "Luo, Fan", "Yu, Xuechen", "Zhang, Wei", "Li, Jiafu", "Zhao, Dongchi", "Xu, Dan", "Gong, Qing", "Liao, Jing", "Yang, Huixia", "Hou, Wei", "Zhang, Yuanzhen"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151335", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies on the pneumonia outbreak caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were based on information from the general population. Limited data are available for pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in pregnancy and the intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection. Clinical records, laboratory results, and chest CT scans were retrospectively reviewed for nine pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia (ie, with maternal throat swab samples that were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) who were admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, from Jan 20 to Jan 31, 2020. Evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission was assessed by testing for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid, cord blood, and neonatal throat swab samples. Breastmilk samples were also collected and tested from patients after the first lactation. All nine patients had a caesarean section in their third trimester. Seven patients presented with a fever. Other symptoms, including cough (in four of nine patients), myalgia (in three), sore throat (in two), and malaise (in two), were also observed. Fetal distress was monitored in two cases. Five of nine patients had lymphopenia (<1\u00b70\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u2079 cells per L). Three patients had increased aminotransferase concentrations. None of the patients developed severe COVID-19 pneumonia or died, as of Feb 4, 2020. Nine livebirths were recorded. No neonatal asphyxia was observed in newborn babies. All nine livebirths had a 1-min Apgar score of 8-9 and a 5-min Apgar score of 9-10. Amniotic fluid, cord blood, neonatal throat swab, and breastmilk samples from six patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2, and all samples tested negative for the virus. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women were similar to those reported for non-pregnant adult patients who developed COVID-19 pneumonia. Findings from this small group of cases suggest that there is currently no evidence for intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission in women who develop COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy. Hubei Science and Technology Plan, Wuhan University Medical Development Plan."}, {"pmid": 32475041, "title": "Potential role of Anti-IL-17 in COVID-19 treatment.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Ayhan, Erhan", "Ozturk, Murat", "An, Isa", "Abdelmaksoud, Ayman", "Arac, Esref"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475041", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366765, "pmcid": "PMC7224617", "title": "Doing Our Part to Conserve Resources: Determining Whether All Personal Protective Equipment Is Mandatory for Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning of Supracondylar Humeral Fractures.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Wilson, Jacob M", "Schwartz, Andrew M", "Farley, Kevin X", "Devito, Dennis P", "Fletcher, Nicholas D"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366765", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) of supracondylar humeral fractures is one of the most common procedures performed in pediatric orthopaedics. The use of full, standard preparation and draping with standard personal protective equipment (PPE) may not be necessary during this procedure. This is of particular interest in the current climate as we face unprecedented PPE shortages due to the current COVID-19 pandemic. This is a retrospective chart review of 1,270 patients treated with CRPP of a supracondylar humeral fracture at 2 metropolitan pediatric centers by 10 fellowship-trained pediatric orthopaedic surgeons. One surgeon in the group did not wear a mask when performing CRPP of supracondylar humeral fractures, and multiple surgeons in the group utilized a semisterile preparation technique (no sterile gown or drapes). Infectious outcomes were compared between 2 groups: full sterile preparation and semisterile preparation. We additionally analyzed a subgroup of patients who had semisterile preparation without surgeon mask use. Hospital cost data were used to estimate annual cost savings with the adoption of the semisterile technique. In this study, 1,270 patients who underwent CRPP of a supracondylar humeral fracture and met inclusion criteria were identified. There were 3 deep infections (0.24%). These infections all occurred in the group using full sterile preparation and surgical masks. No clinically relevant pin-track infections were noted. There were no known surgeon occupational exposures to bodily fluid. It is estimated that national adoption of this technique in the United States could save between 18,612 and 22,162 gowns and masks with costs savings of $3.7 million to $4.4 million annually. We currently face critical shortages of PPE due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from this large series suggest that a semisterile technique during CRPP of supracondylar humeral fractures is a safe practice. We anticipate that this could preserve approximately 20,000 gowns and masks in the United States over the next year. Physicians are encouraged to reevaluate their daily practice to identify safe opportunities for resource preservation. Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32404670, "pmcid": "PMC7268878", "title": "COVID-19, Ethics and Equity-What Is Our Role as Surgeons?", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Zakrison, Tanya L", "Martin, Matthew", "Seamon, Mark", "Matthews, Jeffrey", "Joseph, Bellal", "Rattan, Rishi", "Mendoza, April", "Bernard, Andrew", "Gelbard, Rondi", "Crandall, Marie", "Punch, Laurie", "Joseph, D'Andrea", "Bonne, Stephanie", "Mubang, Ronnie", "McCunn, Maureen", "Rogers, Selwyn", "Turner, Patricia", "Claridge, Jeffrey", "Henry, Sharon", "de Moya, Marc", "Tseng, Esther", "Goulet, Nicole", "Tung, Lily", "Kiselak, Elizabeth", "Duncan, Thomas", "Kaafarani, Haytham", "Ferrada, Paula", "Foster, Shannon", "Ding, Linda", "Santos, Ariel", "Winfield, Robert D", "Weaver, Jessica", "Angelos, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404670", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398297, "pmcid": "PMC7236820", "title": "Pulmonary embolism in patients with Covid-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Bompard, Florian", "Monnier, Hippolyte", "Saab, Ines", "Tordjman, Mickael", "Abdoul, Hendy", "Fournier, Laure", "Sanchez, Olivier", "Lorut, Christine", "Chassagnon, Guillaume", "Revel, Marie-Pierre"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398297", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323135, "pmcid": "PMC7176311", "title": "From the Editor's Desk: JGIM and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Bates, Carol K", "Jackson, Jeff", "Asch, Steven"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323135", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413892, "title": "Key clinical research priorities for the pediatric community during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Noel, Gary J", "Davis, Jonathan M", "Ramilo, Octavio", "Bradley, John S", "Connor, Edward"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413892", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459700, "title": "Ectopic Pregnancy During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): To Operate, or Not to Operate.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Hansen, Keith A", "Stovall, Dale W"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389720, "pmcid": "PMC7204663", "title": "Excessive lysosomal ion-trapping of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Derendorf, Hartmut"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389720", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent report identified significant reductions or disappearance of viral load in COVID-19 patients given a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. The present communication discusses some common pharmacokinetic properties of these two drugs that may be linked to a potential underlying mechanism of action for these antiviral effects. The physicochemical properties of both hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin are consistent with particularly high affinity for the intracellular lysosomal space, which has been implicated as a target site for antiviral activity. The properties of both drugs predict dramatic accumulation in lysosomes, with calculated lysosomal drug concentrations that exceed cytosolic and extracellular concentrations by more than 50\u00a0000-fold. These predictions are consistent with previously reported experimentally measured cellular and extracellular concentrations of azithromycin. This is also reflected in the very large volumes of distribution of these drugs, which are among the highest of all drugs currently in use. The combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin produces very high local concentrations in lysosomes. The clinical significance of this observation is unclear; however, the magnitude of this mechanism of drug accumulation via ion-trapping in lysosomes could be an important factor for the pharmacodynamic effects of this drug combination."}, {"pmid": 32377928, "pmcid": "PMC7201120", "title": "Reply to the Letter to the Editor: infection control protocol inside computed tomography suites during coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Yamashiro, Tsuneo", "Utsunomiya, Daisuke"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377928", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295658, "pmcid": "PMC7188688", "title": "Shelter Hospital: Glimmers of Hope in Treating Coronavirus 2019.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Zhou, Feng", "Gao, Xuan", "Li, Mengwei", "Zhang, Ying"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295658", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first report of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the outbreak of the disease has been continuously evolving. Until March 17, 2020, 185, 178 cases had been confirmed, including 81,134 cases in China and 104,044 cases outside of China. In this comment, we report the unexpected beneficial effect of a deployable rapid-assembly shelter hospital on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. We describe the shelter hospital maintenance, treatment mode and primary treatment methods, which will provide a valuable experience in dealing with public health emergencies, such as COVID-19, for other countries and areas."}, {"pmid": 32482463, "pmcid": "PMC7244434", "title": "Telemedicine, COVID-19 and liver diseases: Revamping remote care initiatives in hepatology.", "journal": "Ann Hepatol", "authors": ["Arrese, Marco"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482463", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531046, "title": "Remote Methods for Conducting Tobacco-Focused Clinical Trials.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Dahne, Jennifer", "Tomko, Rachel L", "McClure, Erin A", "Obeid, Jihad S", "Carpenter, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531046", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most tobacco-focused clinical trials are based on locally-conducted studies that face significant challenges to implementation and successful execution. These challenges include the need for large, diverse, yet still representative study samples. This often means a protracted, costly, and inefficient recruitment process. Multi-site clinical trials can overcome some of these hurdles but incur their own unique challenges. With recent advances in mobile health (mHealth) and digital technologies, there is now a promising alternative: Remote Trials. These trials are led and coordinated by a local investigative team, but are based remotely, within a given community, state, or even nation. The remote approach affords many of the benefits of multi-site trials (more efficient recruitment of larger study samples) without the same barriers (cost, multi-site management, regulatory hurdles). The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) global health pandemic has resulted in rapid requirements to shift ongoing clinical trials to remote delivery and assessment platforms, making methods for the conduct of remote trials even more timely. The purpose of the present manuscript it to provide an overview of available methods for the conduct of remote tobacco-focused clinical trials as well as illustrative examples of how these methods have been implemented across recently completed and ongoing tobacco studies. We focus on key aspects of the clinical trial pipeline including remote: 1) study recruitment and screening, 2) informed consent, 3) assessment, 4) biomarker collection, and 5) medication adherence monitoring."}, {"pmid": 32391662, "title": "[Diagnostic efficacy of three test kits for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Shen, Lihua", "Huang, Fei", "Chen, Xiang", "Xiong, Zuan", "Yang, Xiaoyu", "Li, Hui", "Cheng, Feng", "Guo, Jian", "Gong, Guofu"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391662", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare the diagnostic efficacy among three RT-PCR test kits for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid detection. The throat swab samples from 40 hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 16 hospitalized non-COVID-19 patients were recruited. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was detected in throat swab samples with RT-PCR test kits from Sansure Biotech (\"Sansure\" for short), Jiangsu Bioperfectus Technologies (\"Bioperfectus\" for short) and BGI Genomics (\"BGI\" for short). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and Kappa value were analyzed. The viral nucleic acid was extracted from the throat swab samples by one-step cleavage and magnetic bead methods, and the efficacy of two extraction methods was also compared. The results of magnetic bead method for nucleic acid extraction by two different extractors (Sansure Natch CS S12C Fully Automated Nucleic Acid Extraction System vs. Tianlong NP968-C Nucleic Acid Extractor) were also compared. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and kappa value were 95.00%, 87.50%, 95.00%, 87.50%and 0.825 for Sansure kit; 90.00%, 87.50%, 94.74%, 77.78%and 0.747 for the Bioperfectus kit, and 82.50%, 81.25%, 91.67%, 65.00%and 0.593 for the BGI kit, respectively. The positive, negative and total coincident rates and kappa value of viral nucleic acid detection results using the samples extracted by one-step cleavage and magnetic bead methods were 95.24%, 100.00%, 96.43%and 0.909, respectively, but the one-step cleavage method took only 25 min, while the magnetic bead method required 180 min. The positive, negative and total coincident rates and kappa value of viral nucleic acid detection results using the samples extracted by the two different nucleic acid extractors were 85.00%, 100.00%, 89.29% and 0.764, respectively. The detection efficacy for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid by the Sansure kit is relatively higher and the one-step cleavage method has advantages of convenient operation and less time consuming."}, {"pmid": 32383576, "title": "Up to 2.2 million people experiencing disability suffer collateral damage each day of Covid-19 lockdown in Europe.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Negrini, Stefano", "Grabljevec, Klemen", "Boldrini, Paolo", "Kiekens, Carlotte", "Moslavac, Sasa", "Zampolini, Mauro", "Christodoulou, Nicolas"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383576", "countries": ["Belgium", "Italy", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic is having a great impact on health services. Patients not receiving care due to closure of outpatient services suffer a collateral damage. Our aim was to provide first data on impact of Covid-19 on people experiencing disability in Europe. We developed an estimation from a survey and publicly available data. Thirty-eight countries have been inquired through the European Bodies of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine - the rehabilitation medical specialty. The 9-questions focused on March 31st, 2020. We used the following indicators: for inpatients, acute and rehabilitative hospital beds; for outpatients, missing uniform European data, we used information from Italy, Belgium and UK, and estimated for Europe basing on population, number of rehabilitation physicians, physiotherapists, and people with self-reported limitations. Thirty-five countries (92%) including 99% of the population (809.9 million) answered. Stop of admissions to rehabilitation, early discharge and reduction of activities involved 194,800 inpatients in 10 countries. Outpatient activities stopped for 87%, involving 318,000 patients per day in Italy, Belgium and UK, leading to an estimate range of 1,3-2,2 million in Europe. Seven countries reported experiences on rehabilitation for acute Covid-19 patients. Covid-19 emergency is having a huge impact on rehabilitation of people experiencing disability. This may lead to future cumulative effects due to reduced functional outcome and consequent increased burden of care. When the emergency will fade, rehabilitation demand will probably grow due to an expected return wave of these not well treated patients, but probably also of post-Covid-19 patients' needs."}, {"pmid": 32506766, "title": "Skin amidst COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Swarnkar, Bhavya", "Bhari, Neetu"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506766", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488946, "title": "No antibody response in acral cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19 ?", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Mahieu, Rafael", "Tillard, Lila", "Le Guillou-Guillemette, Helene", "Vinatier, Emeline", "Jeannin, Pascale", "Croue, Anne", "Le Corre, Yannick", "Vandamme, Yves-Marie"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488946", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Skins symptoms during COVID-19 have been recently described but their relation to SARS-CoV-2 is unclear while results for real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) testing were variable. Recalcati et al. reported 14 cases of patients with skin symptoms consistent with previous described COVID-19 lesions but all the patients were tested negative. They asked for a serology to validate the hypothesis that these lesions are related to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32515406, "title": "Knowledge and awareness regarding spread and prevention of COVID-19 among the young adults of Karachi.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Mubeen, Syed Muhammad", "Kamal, Shaheera", "Kamal, Sufiyan", "Balkhi, Fizra"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515406", "countries": ["China", "Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To measure the awareness of COVID-19 infection among the general population following the outbreak in China. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out during January and February 2020 amongst the general population of Karachi, Pakistan. A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used among 399 young adult participants. The questionnaire was developed keeping in view of the already published study on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the available literature on COVID-19. It included sociodemographic information, assessment of knowledge, beliefs regarding coronavirus and the perception of precautionary measures taken by an individual. Chi-square test was used for categorical variables and p<0.05 was used as statistically significant. There were more females 299 (75%) than male participants 100 (25%). The mean age was 20.9 \u00b12.30 years and 232 (58%) had graduate degrees. There is lack of knowledge and awareness about coronavirus as 226 (56.6%) participants claimed that coronavirus is actually the most dangerous virus in the world, and 171 (43%) did know that the common flu virus is potentially more lethal than coronavirus. Although a large majority of participants correctly identified sources of transmission, measures and precautions to be taken for coronavirus, their knowledge for symptom identification was deficient. The most pursued platform for information for coronavirus was found to be social media, followed by television and print media. The study highlighted the level of awareness of coronavirus among young adults in Karachi, Pakistan. The study further pointed out the public knowledge gaps for the authorities concerned to help them develop more effective and successful awareness campaigns using preferred channels."}, {"pmid": 32512207, "title": "JOINT SOCIETY STATEMENT ON ELECTIVE SURGERY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469481, "title": "Screening for Covid-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Calbo, Esther", "Masats, Ursula", "Garau, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469481", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237998, "title": "An assessment of United States dermatology practices during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Muddasani, Suraj", "Housholder, Anne", "Fleischer, Alan B"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237998", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives: The COVID-19 outbreak is a serious threat to public health and social distancing on the part of individuals can help contain the epidemic. It is unknown if dermatologists are assisting with the public health officials' recommendations for social distancing by closing their practice or limiting their practice to the treatment of emergency conditions. This study examines the activity level of dermatology practices during the United States COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: We performed scripted phone calls to 60 dermatology practices in six different counties in the United Stated during the COVID-19 outbreak. We assessed if practices are open and if they are serving patients with urgent and non-urgent conditions.Results: Of the 60 dermatologists selected for the study, 55 were successfully contacted (92% contact rate). Of these practices, 29 (53%) were open, 17 (31%) were only seeing urgent patients and 9 (16%) were closed. New York, New York had 2 (20%) open offices which was the lowest proportion of any county (p = .04). Counties with higher prevalence had fewer open offices (p < .01, R2 = .7).Conclusions: Many practices have restricted their level of operation especially in higher areas of COVID-19 prevalence, likely to help facilitate social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32427106, "pmcid": "PMC7265654", "title": "Tracking Social Media Discourse About the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Public Coronavirus Twitter Data Set.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Chen, Emily", "Lerman, Kristina", "Ferrara, Emilio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427106", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the time of this writing, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak has already put tremendous strain on many countries' citizens, resources, and economies around the world. Social distancing measures, travel bans, self-quarantines, and business closures are changing the very fabric of societies worldwide. With people forced out of public spaces, much of the conversation about these phenomena now occurs online on social media platforms like Twitter. In this paper, we describe a multilingual COVID-19 Twitter data set that we are making available to the research community via our COVID-19-TweetIDs GitHub repository. We started this ongoing data collection on January 28, 2020, leveraging Twitter's streaming application programming interface (API) and Tweepy to follow certain keywords and accounts that were trending at the time data collection began. We used Twitter's search API to query for past tweets, resulting in the earliest tweets in our collection dating back to January 21, 2020. Since the inception of our collection, we have actively maintained and updated our GitHub repository on a weekly basis. We have published over 123 million tweets, with over 60% of the tweets in English. This paper also presents basic statistics that show that Twitter activity responds and reacts to COVID-19-related events. It is our hope that our contribution will enable the study of online conversation dynamics in the context of a planetary-scale epidemic outbreak of unprecedented proportions and implications. This data set could also help track COVID-19-related misinformation and unverified rumors or enable the understanding of fear and panic-and undoubtedly more."}, {"pmid": 32065057, "pmcid": "PMC7048229", "title": "Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Wei", "Du, Rong-Hui", "Li, Bei", "Zheng, Xiao-Shuang", "Yang, Xing-Lou", "Hu, Ben", "Wang, Yan-Yi", "Xiao, Geng-Fu", "Yan, Bing", "Shi, Zheng-Li", "Zhou, Peng"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32065057", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused an outbreak in Wuhan, China, and soon spread to other parts of the world. It was believed that 2019-nCoV was transmitted through respiratory tract and then induced pneumonia, thus molecular diagnosis based on oral swabs was used for confirmation of this disease. Likewise, patient will be released upon two times of negative detection from oral swabs. However, many coronaviruses can also be transmitted through oral-fecal route by infecting intestines. Whether 2019-nCoV infected patients also carry virus in other organs like intestine need to be tested. We conducted investigation on patients in a local hospital who were infected with this virus. We found the presence of 2019-nCoV in anal swabs and blood as well, and more anal swab positives than oral swab positives in a later stage of infection, suggesting shedding and thereby transmitted through oral-fecal route. We also showed serology test can improve detection positive rate thus should be used in future epidemiology. Our report provides a cautionary warning that 2019-nCoV may be shed through multiple routes."}, {"pmid": 32522296, "title": "Risk following a SARS-CoV-2 exposure from a nocturnal hemodialysis patient utilizing continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Lowe, Christopher F", "Kiaii, Mercedeh", "Aparicio, Laila", "Chinybaeva, Leila", "Coughlin, Sandy", "Sekirov, Inna", "Morshed, Muhammad", "Leung, Victor"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522296", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496560, "title": "Making Decisions in a COVID-19 World.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Fischhoff, Baruch"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496560", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414395, "pmcid": "PMC7228671", "title": "COVID-19: room for treating T cell exhaustion?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Riva, Giovanni", "Nasillo, Vincenzo", "Tagliafico, Enrico", "Trenti, Tommaso", "Luppi, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414395", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459571, "title": "Unmet healthcare needs among migrants without medical insurance in Montreal, Canada.", "journal": "Glob Public Health", "authors": ["Ridde, Valery", "Aho, Josephine", "Ndao, Elhadji Malick", "Benoit, Magalie", "Hanley, Jill", "Lagrange, Solene", "Fillol, Amandine", "Raynault, Marie-France", "Cloos, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459571", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While access to healthcare for permanent residents in Canada is well known, this is not the case for migrants without healthcare coverage. This is the first large-scale study that examines the unmet healthcare needs of migrants without healthcare coverage in Montreal. 806 participants were recruited: 436 in the community and 370 at the NGO clinic. Proportions of individuals reporting unmet healthcare needs were similar (68.4% vs. 69.8%). The main reason invoked for these unmet needs was lacking money (80.6%). Situations of not working or studying, not having had enough food in the past 12 months, not having a medical prescription to get medication and having had a workplace injury were all significantly associated with higher odds of having unmet healthcare needs. Unmet healthcare needs were more frequent among migrants without healthcare coverage than among recent immigrants or the citizens with health healthcare coverage (69%, 26%, 16%). Canada must take measures to enable these individuals to have access to healthcare according to their needs in order to reduce the risk of worsening their health status, something that may have an impact on the healthcare system and population health. The Government of Quebec announced that all individuals without any healthcare coverage will have access to COVID-19 related health care. We hope that this right, the application of which is not yet obvious, can continue after the pandemic for all health care."}, {"pmid": 32515391, "title": "Challenges in providing oral and dental health services in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Naqvi, Kashif", "Mubeen, Syed Muhammad", "Ali Shah, Syed Muzumil"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515391", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has rendered the world completely unaware and off-balance. Most of the countries of the world are in a lockdown of varying severity to break the chain of transmission. Many non-essential healthcare practices have been shut down to impose social distancing against a population whose slogan has been freedom of movement. Several healthcare providers have also been caught off guard. Many are not well-versed in the use of transmission-based safeguards, and the dental community, is no different. In this article, we identify the challenges faced by the oral and dental care providers, whose procedures generate a significant amount of aerosol, which can be a significant source of disease transmission within the community. It further describes the dynamics of aerosol spread and various strategies to minimise aerosol generation. Guidelines for the delivery of emergency dental treatment are formulated based on different guidelines from various international dental associations and organisations."}, {"pmid": 32309388, "pmcid": "PMC7154461", "title": "A quickly, effectively screening process of novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Shi, Yu", "Wang, Xiangshi", "Liu, Gongbao", "Zhu, Qirong", "Wang, Jianshe", "Yu, Hui", "Wang, Chuanqing", "Wang, Libo", "Zhang, Mingzhi", "Zhang, Lingen", "Lu, Guoping", "Lu, Zhujin", "Yu, Jian", "Qiao, Zhongwei", "Gu, Ying", "Shen, Guomei", "Xu, Hong", "Zeng, Mei", "Zhai, Xiaowen", "Huang, Guoying"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309388", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in China was caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We report the screening and diagnosis of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in our hospital. Developed a procedure for the identification of children cases with COVID-19 in outpatient and emergency department of our hospital, then we observed how this process works. (I) There were 56 cases considered suspected cases, and 10 cases were confirmed as COVID-19. (II) Of the 10 confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted in our hospital, 5 were males and 5 were females, aged from 7 months to 11 years, the average age is 6.0\u00b14.2 years, 6 cases were mild pneumonia, the others were upper respiratory tract infection. (III) We followed up 68 patients in isolation at home until symptoms disappeared. Non were missed in the patient's first visit. The sensitivity of this method is 100% and the specificity is 71.3%. Our screening process works well, and it is also necessary to establish a screening network in the hospital."}, {"pmid": 32482342, "pmcid": "PMC7184004", "title": "Is it ethically appropriate to continue surgical clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Surgery", "authors": ["Milner, Ross", "Donington, Jessica", "Matthews, Jeffrey B", "Posner, Mitchell", "Turaga, Kiran", "Angelos, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482342", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317038, "pmcid": "PMC7198462", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Health System and Community Response to a Text Message (Text4Hope) Program Supporting Mental Health in Alberta.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Agyapong, Vincent I O"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317038", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to support the mental health of Albertans during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Alberta Health Services launched a supportive text message (Text4Mood) program on March 23, 2020. The program was simultaneously approved for funding by the 6 regional health foundations and launched within 1 week of conception. Residents of Alberta can subscribe to the program by texting \"COVID19HOPE\" to a sort code number. Each subscriber receives free daily supportive text messages, for 3 months, crafted by a team of clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, mental health therapist, and mental health service users. Within 1 week of the launch of Text4Hope, 32 805 subscribers had signed up to the program, and there have been expressions of interests from other jurisdictions to implement a similar program to support the mental health of those in quarantine, isolation, or lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32360746, "title": "Weathering COVID-19 storm: Successful control measures of five Asian countries.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Lu, Ning", "Cheng, Kai-Wen", "Qamar, Nafees", "Huang, Kuo-Cherh", "Johnson, James A"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307322, "pmcid": "PMC7161491", "title": "Clinical characteristics and diagnostic challenges of pediatric COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chang, Tu-Hsuan", "Wu, Jhong-Lin", "Chang, Luan-Yin"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307322", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current studies on pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are rare. The clinical characteristics and spectrum are still unknown. Facing this unknown and emerging pathogen, we aimed to collect current evidence about COVID-19 in children. We performed a systematic review in PubMed and Embase to find relevant case series. Because some reports were published in Chinese journals, the journals and publications of the Chinese Medical Association related to COVID-19 were completely reviewed. A random effects model was used to pool clinical data in the meta-analysis. Nine case series were included. In the pooled data, most of patients (75%) had a household contact history. The disease severity was mainly mild to moderate (98%). Only 2 children (2%) received intensive care. Fever occurred in 59% of the patients, while cough in 46%. Gastrointestinal symptoms (12%) were uncommon. There are 26% children are asymptomatic. The most common radiographic finding was ground glass opacities (48%). Currently, there is no evidence of vertical transmission to neonates born to mothers with COVID-19. Compared with the most relevant virus, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 causes less severe disease. COVID-19 has distinct features in children. The disease severity is mild. Current diagnosis is based mainly on typical ground glass opacities on chest CT, epidemiological suspicion and contact tracing."}, {"pmid": 32418827, "pmcid": "PMC7194699", "title": "The Fellowship Milieu in Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology-Fostering Psychological Well-being During the Coronavirus Crisis.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Feinman, Jared W", "Al-Ghofaily, Lourdes", "Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418827", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348582, "pmcid": "PMC7267375", "title": "Clinical trials during COVID-19.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Singh, Arjun Gurmeet", "Chaturvedi, Pankaj"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348582", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As this ever-evolving pandemic lays itself, more of its impact is being understood. Until recently, most guidelines were reported to aid in managing and treating suspected or confirmed cases. Research institutions around the world are responding with a sense of confusion. Some are continuing routinely, especially those who are overseeing clinical trials that could offer life-saving therapies, particularly against the novel coronavirus. Since research must continue even in the face of a shutdown, we aim to collate the currently available recommendations from various organizations and provide guidance to head and neck researchers across the world during these trying times."}, {"pmid": 32312477, "pmcid": "PMC7161516", "title": "Elective surgery in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Diaz, Adrian", "Sarac, Benjamin A", "Schoenbrunner, Anna R", "Janis, Jeffrey E", "Pawlik, Timothy M"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312477", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335420, "pmcid": "PMC7172893", "title": "Age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off levels to rule out venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Roncon, Loris", "Zuin, Marco", "Zonzin, Pietro"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335420", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418299, "pmcid": "PMC7267075", "title": "The COVID-19 chemoprophylactic conundrum: Are we limiting available resources?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Sharma, Aseem", "Mhatre, Madhulika", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Jindal, Veenu", "Singla, Palvi"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418299", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525005, "title": "Effective block by pirfenidone, an antifibrotic pyridone compound (5-methyl-1-phenylpyridin-2[H-1]-one), on hyperpolarization-activated cation current: An additional but distinctive target.", "journal": "Eur J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Chang, Wei-Ting", "Ragazzi, Eugenio", "Liu, Ping-Yen", "Wu, Sheng-Nan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525005", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pirfenidone (PFD), a pyridone compound, is well recognized as an antifibrotic agent tailored for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, PFD based clinical trial has also been launched for the treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). To what extent this drug can perturb membrane ion currents remains largely unknown. Herein, the exposure to PFD was observed to depress the amplitude of hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih) in combination with a considerable slowing in the activation time of the current in pituitary GH3 cells. In the continued presence of ivabradine or zatebradine, subsequent application of PFD decreased Ih amplitude further. The presence of PFD resulted in a leftward shift in Ih activation curve without changes in the gating charge. The addition of this compound also led to a reduction in area of voltage-dependent hysteresis evoked by long-lasting inverted triangular (downsloping and upsloping) ramp pulse. Neither the amplitude of M-type nor erg-mediated K+ current was altered by its presence. In whole-cell potential recordings, addition of PFD reduced the firing frequency, and this effect was accompanied by the depression in the amplitude of sag voltage elicited by hyperpolarizing current stimulus. Overall, this study highlights evidence that PFD is capable of perturbing specific ionic currents, revealing a potential additional impact on functional activities of different excitable cells."}, {"pmid": 32526559, "title": "Examining the effect of social distancing on the compound growth rate of COVID-19 at the county level (United States) using statistical analyses and a random forest machine learning model.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Cobb, J S", "Seale, M A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526559", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The goal of the present work is to investigate trends among US counties and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) growth rates in relation to the existence of shelter-in-place (SIP) orders in that county. This is a prospective cohort study. Compound growth rates were calculated using cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases from January 21, 2020, to March 31, 2020, in all 3139 US counties. Compound growth was chosen as it gives a single number that can be used in machine learning to represent the speed of virus spread during defined time intervals. Statistical analyses and a random forest machine learning model were used to analyze the data for differences in counties with and without SIP orders. Statistical analyses revealed that the March 16 presidential recommendation (limiting gatherings to \u226410 people) lowered the compound growth rate of COVID-19 for all counties in the US by 6.6%, and the counties that implemented SIP after March 16 had a further reduction of 7.8% compared with the counties that did not implement SIP after March 16. A random forest machine learning model was built to predict compound growth rate after a SIP order and was found to have an accuracy of 92.3%. The random forest found that population, longitude, and population per square mile were the most important features when predicting the effect of SIP. SIP orders were found to be effective at reducing the growth rate of COVID-19 cases in the US. Counties with a large population or a high population density were found to benefit the most from a SIP order."}, {"pmid": 32496249, "title": "COVID-19 and lockdown: Insights from Mumbai.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Mukherjee, Kanchan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496249", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mumbai is facing the full brunt of the COVID-19 pandemic epidemiologically and economically. The objective was to understand the spatial distribution and trends of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Mumbai during the lockdown period and draw insights for effective actions. Spatial and trend analysis was conducted to trace the spread of the virus during the lockdown period in April 2020. The administrative divisions of Mumbai, in the form of wards and zones, have been used as units of analysis. Greater Mumbai area occupies only 0.015% of the landmass of India, but is contributing to over 20% of the SARS-CoV-2 cases in India. Cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections have increased over 375 times within 50 days of the lockdown. An analysis of trends across the wards during the 3-week period (April 4 to April 25) shows a skewed pattern, with three zones out of six contributing to the vast majority of cases in Mumbai. The wards with higher formal economic activity are relatively less affected than the other wards. The test positivity rate in Mumbai is much higher than the rest of India. The study suggests that the virus had already spread to the community in Mumbai before the lockdown started."}, {"pmid": 32493728, "title": "Covid-19: Pandemic is having \"severe\" impact on non-communicable disease care, WHO survey finds.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493728", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454891, "pmcid": "PMC7235312", "title": "Adapting IAPT services to support frontline NHS staff during the Covid-19 pandemic: the Homerton Covid Psychological Support (HCPS) pathway.", "journal": "Cogn Behav Therap", "authors": ["Cole, C L", "Waterman, S", "Stott, J", "Saunders, R", "Buckman, J E J", "Pilling, S", "Wheatley, J"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454891", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic is exerting unprecedented pressure on NHS Health and Social Care provisions, with frontline staff, such as those of critical care units, encountering vast practical and emotional challenges on a daily basis. Although staff are being supported through organisational provisions, facilitated by those in leadership roles, the emergence of mental health difficulties or the exacerbation of existing ones amongst these members of staff is a cause for concern. Acknowledging this, academics and healthcare professionals alike are calling for psychological support for frontline staff, which not only addresses distress during the initial phases of the outbreak but also over the months, if not years, that follow. Fortunately, mental health services and psychology professional bodies across the United Kingdom have issued guidance to meet these needs. An attempt has been made to translate these sets of guidance into clinical provisions via the recently established Homerton Covid Psychological Support (HCPS) pathway delivered by Talk Changes (Hackney & City IAPT). This article describes the phased, stepped-care and evidence-based approach that has been adopted by the service to support local frontline NHS staff. We wish to share our service design and pathway of care with other Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services who may also seek to support hospital frontline staff within their associated NHS Trusts and in doing so, lay the foundations of a coordinated response. (1)To understand the ways staff can be psychologically and emotionally impacted by working on the frontline of disease outbreaks.(2)To understand the ways in which IAPT services have previously supported populations exposed to crises.(3)To learn ways of delivering psychological support and interventions during a pandemic context based on existing guidance and research."}, {"pmid": 32533986, "title": "Value of leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein in predicting severe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Yamada, Takayuki", "Wakabayashi, Mako", "Yamaji, Takahiro", "Chopra, Nitin", "Mikami, Takahisa", "Miyashita, Hirotaka", "Miyashita, Satoshi"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533986", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide. Identifying poor prognostic factors is helpful for risk stratification. In this meta-analysis, we investigated the association between severe COVID-19 and a change in white blood cell (WBC) count, an elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP), and fever. Moreover, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of leukocytosis and an elevation of CRP. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library through April 20th, 2020. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. A sensitivity analysis was conducted according to the study size (>200 or <200) and median age (>55 or <55). Meta-regression analyses were conducted to examine possible sources of heterogeneity. We calculated the diagnostic accuracy of leukocytosis and CRP. Eighteen studies with 3,278 patients were selected. Fever, leukocytosis, and elevated CRP were associated with poor outcomes (OR (95% CI) 1.63 (1.06 to 2.51), 4.51 (2.53 to 8.04), and 11.97 (4.97 to 28.8), respectively). Leukopenia was associated with a better prognosis (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.78). Sensitivity analyses showed similar tendencies. Meta-regression analysis for leukocytosis indicated that age, dyspnea, and hypertension contributed to heterogeneity. The pooled area under the leukocytosis and CRP curves were 0.70 (0.64 to 0.76) and 0.89 (0.80 to 0.99), respectively. In patients with COVID-19, fever, leukocytosis, and an elevated CRP were associated with severe outcomes. Leukocytosis and CRP on arrival may predict poor outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32366620, "title": "The positive effects of covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Nelson, Bryn"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366620", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518901, "pmcid": "PMC7270486", "title": "Labor and delivery guidance for COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Boelig, Rupsa C", "Manuck, Tracy", "Oliver, Emily A", "Di Mascio, Daniele", "Saccone, Gabriele", "Bellussi, Federica", "Berghella, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518901", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This document addresses the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for providers and patients in labor and delivery (L&D). The goals are to provide guidance regarding methods to appropriately screen and test pregnant patients for COVID-19 prior to, and at admission to L&D reduce risk of maternal and neonatal COVID-19 disease through minimizing hospital contact and appropriate isolation; and provide specific guidance for management of L&D of the COVID-19-positive woman, as well as the critically ill COVID-19-positive woman. The first 5 sections deal with L&D issues in general, for all women, during the COVID-19 pandemic. These include Section 1: Appropriate screening, testing, and preparation of pregnant women for COVID-19 before visit and/or admission to L&D Section 2: Screening of patients coming to L&D triage; Section 3: General changes to routine L&D work flow; Section 4: Intrapartum care; Section 5: Postpartum care; Section 6 deals with special care for the COVID-19-positive or suspected pregnant woman in L&D and Section 7 deals with the COVID-19-positive/suspected woman who is critically ill. These are suggestions, which can be adapted to local needs and capabilities."}, {"pmid": 32357206, "pmcid": "PMC7197618", "title": "Role of serology in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Stowell, Sean", "Guarner, Jeannette"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357206", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354772, "title": "Recovery from COVID-19 in a patient with spondyloarthritis treated with TNF-alpha inhibitor etanercept.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Duret, Pierre-Marie", "Sebbag, Eden", "Mallick, Auriane", "Gravier, Simon", "Spielmann, Lionel", "Messer, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354772", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32069388, "pmcid": "PMC7121749", "title": "Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Returning Travelers from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hoehl, Sebastian", "Rabenau, Holger", "Berger, Annemarie", "Kortenbusch, Marhild", "Cinatl, Jindrich", "Bojkova, Denisa", "Behrens, Pia", "Boddinghaus, Boris", "Gotsch, Udo", "Naujoks, Frank", "Neumann, Peter", "Schork, Joscha", "Tiarks-Jungk, Petra", "Walczok, Antoni", "Eickmann, Markus", "Vehreschild, Maria J G T", "Kann, Gerrit", "Wolf, Timo", "Gottschalk, Rene", "Ciesek, Sandra"], "date": "2020-02-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32069388", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353384, "pmcid": "PMC7184992", "title": "Clinical features of 95 sequential hospitalised patients with novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), the first UK cohort.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Tomlins, Jennifer", "Hamilton, Fergus", "Gunning, Samuel", "Sheehy, Caitlin", "Moran, Ed", "MacGowan, Alastair"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353384", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502749, "pmcid": "PMC7242971", "title": "US deportation policies in the time of COVID-19: a public health threat to the Americas.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Cenat, Jude Mary"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502749", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422179, "pmcid": "PMC7228697", "title": "Walking the line between benefit and harm from tracheostomy in COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Schultz, Marcus J", "Pattnaik, Rajyabardhan", "Dondorp, Arjen M"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422179", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509485, "pmcid": "PMC7270942", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Associated With Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Four-Extremity Deep Vein thrombosis in a Previously Healthy Female.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Sung, Joowhan", "Anjum, Seher"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509485", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection caused by novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome\u00a0coronavirus\u00a02, SARS-CoV-2) has been associated with coagulopathy. We present a case of a previously healthy 49-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and later found to have extensive deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in all four extremities. This was accompanied by a steep rise in D-dimer levels and positive antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) on further testing. She clinically improved on hydroxychloroquine and therapeutic anticoagulation. This is one of the first case reports describing APLA-associated DVT in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia. Transient elevation of APLA from the viral illness may play a role in thrombosis associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32512134, "title": "Mental health status of medical staff in emergency departments during the Coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in China.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Song, Xingyue", "Fu, Wenning", "Liu, Xiaoran", "Luo, Zhiqian", "Wang, Rixing", "Zhou, Ning", "Yan, Shijiao", "Lv, Chuanzhu"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512134", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergency department is considered to be a high-risk area, as it is often the first stop for febrile patients who are subsequently diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. This study, which employed a cross-sectional design, aimed to assess the mental health of emergency department medical staff during the epidemic in China. Demographic data and mental health measurements were collected by electronic questionnaires from February 28, 2020 to March 18, 2020. A total of 14,825 doctors and nurses in 31 provinces of mainland China completed the survey. The prevalence rates of depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were 25.2% and 9.1%, respectively. Men were more likely to have depressive symptoms and PTSD than women. Those who were middle aged, worked for fewer years, had longer daily work time, and had lower levels of social support were at a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms and PTSD. Working in the Hubei province was associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms, while those working in the Hubei province but residing in another province had a lower risk of depressive symptoms and PTSD. Being a nurse was associated with a higher risk of PTSD. The findings suggest that targeted psychological interventions to promote the mental health of medical staff with psychological problems need to be immediately implemented. Special attention should be paid to local medical staff in Hubei."}, {"pmid": 32162858, "title": "[Epidemiological investigation on a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 in a collective workplace in Tianjin].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Y", "Su, X", "Chen, W", "Fei, C N", "Guo, L R", "Wu, X L", "Zhou, N", "Guo, Y T", "Dong, X C", "Zhao, Y", "Wang, H W", "Pan, Y", "Zuo, L J"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162858", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate and analysis the epidemiological characteristics of a cluster epidemic of COIVD-19 in a collective workplace in Tianjin, evduate the prevention and control measures based on limited evidence and experience in early period of COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: Descriptive research method was used to describe the distribution and other epidemiological characteristics of the cluster cases of COVID-19. Results: Since the onset of the first index case on January 15, ten confirmed COVID-19 cases had occurred in the workplace, and the epidemic had spread from the workplace to 4 families, infecting 7 family members. The median age of 17 cases was 55 (19-79) years. All the 10 employee cases were males, and in the family cases, 3 were males and 4 were females. Of the employee cases, 8 worked in CW workshop and 2 worked in administrative office building. The median exposure-onset interval of all the cases was 4 days, and the median exposure-onset interval was 4.5 days in the employee cases and 4 days in the family cases. The median onset-medical care seeking interval was 4 days in the non-isolated cases, 2.5 days in the cases with home isolation after onset, and 0.5 day in the cases with home isolation before onset. Conclusions: The clustering of COVID-19 cases was observed in this workplace in Tianjin, which affected 4 families. In the early stage of the epidemic, accurate and rapid blocking and control measures can completely prevent the large-scale spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32504529, "title": "Can the SARS-CoV-2 PCR Cycle Threshold Value and Time from Symptom Onset to Testing Predict Infectivity?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Binnicker, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504529", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32030926, "pmcid": "PMC7008072", "title": "The Outbreak Cases with the Novel Coronavirus Suggest Upgraded Quarantine and Isolation in Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Yoo, Jin Hong", "Hong, Sung Tae"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32030926", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511972, "title": "C-reactive protein: a promising biomarker for poor prognosis in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Sahu, Bikash R", "Kishor Kampa, Raj", "Padhi, Archana", "Panda, Aditya K"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511972", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first broke out in Wuhan, China, spread over 227 countries and caused approximately 0.3 million death worldwide. Several biomolecules have been explored for possible biomarkers for prognosis outcome. Although increased C reactive protein (CRP) is associated with death due to COVID-19 infections, results from different populations remain inconsistent. For a conclusive result, the present meta-analysis was performed. We conducted a literature search in PubMed and Scopus database for the association of CRP concentration with COVID-19 disease outcomes. A total of 16 eligible studies were enrolled in the present analysis comprising of 1896 survivors and 849 non-survivors cases. Concentrations of CRP were compared and analyzed by a meta-analysis. Egger's regression analysis (intercept\u00a0=\u00a00.04, P\u00a0=\u00a00.98, 95%CI\u00a0=\u00a0-5.48 to 5.58) and funnel plot revealed an absence of publication bias in the included studies. Due to the presence of significant heterogeneity across the studies (Q\u00a0=\u00a0252.03, Pheterogeneity\u00a0=\u00a00.000, I2\u00a0=\u00a093.65) random model was used for the analysis of the present study. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated a significant role of CRP in COVID-19 infection outcome (Standard difference in means\u00a0=\u00a01.371, P\u00a0=\u00a00.000). Concentrations of CRP remained high in patients who died of COVID-19 infection and could be a promising biomarker for assessing disease lethality."}, {"pmid": 32517505, "title": "C3 polymorphisms represent an important immunological confounder on the spread and outcome of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Dai, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517505", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446322, "pmcid": "PMC7241990", "title": "COVID-19: consequences for higher education.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Burki, Talha Khan"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446322", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376760, "title": "Covid-19: UK death toll overtakes Italy's to become worst in Europe.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376760", "countries": ["Italy", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450089, "pmcid": "PMC7242929", "title": "A local response to COVID-19 for advanced liver disease: Current model of care, challenges and opportunities.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Serper, Marina", "Shaked, Abraham", "Olthoff, Kim M", "Hoteit, Maarouf", "Appolo, Brenda", "Reddy, K Rajender"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450089", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518435, "pmcid": "PMC7273169", "title": "The role of alexithymia in the mental health problems of home-quarantined university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.", "journal": "Pers Individ Dif", "authors": ["Tang, Wanjie", "Hu, Tao", "Yang, Le", "Xu, Jiuping"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518435", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While it is well known that mental health problems are common consequences of deadly pandemics, the association with alexithymia is less clear. This study examined this association in an evaluation of home-quarantined university students during the 2019/2020 COVID-19 pandemic in China. In total, 2501 home-quarantined students from six southwest Chinese universities completed the following questionnaires: the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), and the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), after which structural equation modeling (SEM) and mediation analyses were employed to extract and evaluate the possible associations. It was found that participants with probable depression or PTSD also reported more severe alexithymia features, such as difficulties in identifying feelings (DIF) or describing feelings (DDF). Alexithymia was also found to partially mediate the effect of number of exposures on mental health problems. These results suggested that implementing strategies to assist young people identify and deal with their own emotions and those of others could prevent or mitigate the mental health problems associated with deadly pandemic events. However, future longitudinal studies are needed to examine the specific involvement of DIF or DDF in people with mental health problems."}, {"pmid": 32266960, "pmcid": "PMC7262138", "title": "CHINA'S OLDEST CORONAVIRUS SURVIVORS.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Huang, Yan-Mei", "Hong, Xue-Zhi", "Shen, Jian", "Huang, Yi", "Zhao, Hai-Lu"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266960", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341142, "title": "Evaluation of the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel, the first rapid multiplex PCR commercial assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Visseaux, Benoit", "Le Hingrat, Quentin", "Collin, Gilles", "Bouzid, Donia", "Lebourgeois, Samuel", "Le Pluart, Diane", "Deconinck, Laurene", "Lescure, Francois-Xavier", "Lucet, Jean-Christophe", "Bouadma, Lila", "Timsit, Jean-Francois", "Descamps, Diane", "Yazdanpanah, Yazdan", "Casalino, Enrique", "Houhou-Fidouh, Nadhira"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341142", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the race to contain SARS-CoV-2, efficient detection and triage of infected patients must rely on rapid and reliable testing. In this work we performed the first evaluation of the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel (QIAstat-SARS) for SARS-CoV-2 detection. This assay is the first rapid multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay including SARS-CoV-2 detection, and is fully compatible with a non-PCR trained laboratory or point-of-care (POC) testing.This evaluation was performed using 69 primary clinical samples (66 NPS, 1 BAL and 1 tracheal aspirate and 1 bronchial aspirate) comparing the SARS-CoV-2 detection with the currently WHO recommended RT-PCR (WHO-PCR) workflow. Additionally, a comparative limit of detection (LoD) assessment was performed between QIAstat-SARS and the WHO-PCR using a quantified clinical sample. Compatibility of sample pre-treatment for viral neutralisation or viscous samples with the QIAstat-SARS system were also tested.The QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel demonstrated a comparable sensitivity to the WHO recommended assay with a limit of detection at 1000 copies/mL. The overall percent agreement between QIAstat-Dx SARS and WHO-PCR on 69 clinical samples was 97% with a sensitivity at 100% (40/40) and specificity at 93% (27/29). No cross reaction was encountered for any other respiratory viruses or bacteria included in the panel.The QIAstat-SARS rapid multiplex-PCR panel provides a highly sensitive, robust and accurate assay for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. This assay allows rapid decisions even in non-PCR trained laboratory or point-of-care testing, allowing innovative organisation."}, {"pmid": 32198179, "title": "Covid-19: cases grow in US as Trump pushes promise of a malaria drug.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198179", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474011, "pmcid": "PMC7256512", "title": "How to optimize the management of gestational trophoblastic disease during the COVID era?", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Braga, Antonio", "Elias, Kevin M", "Horowitz, Neil S", "Berkowitz, Ross S"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474011", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324100, "pmcid": "PMC7233392", "title": "Imaging Publications in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Applying New Research Results to Clinical Practice.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Eng, John", "Bluemke, David A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324100", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513429, "title": "Aerosol-generating procedures in head and neck surgery - can we improve practice after COVID-19?", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Kerawala, C", "Riva, F"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513429", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on international medicine practice. The propensity for head and neck surgery to generate aerosols needs special consideration over and above simply adopting personal protective equipment. This study sought to interrogate the literature and evaluate whether which additional measures might provide benefit if routinely adopted in minimising viral transmission."}, {"pmid": 32070753, "pmcid": "PMC7134866", "title": "Chloroquine for the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Colson, Philippe", "Rolain, Jean-Marc", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32070753", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281110, "pmcid": "PMC7262033", "title": "Distinct characteristics of COVID-19 patients with initial rRT-PCR-positive and rRT-PCR-negative results for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Zhang, Jin-Jin", "Cao, Yi-Yuan", "Dong, Xiang", "Wang, Bin-Chen", "Liao, Mei-Yan", "Lin, Jun", "Yan, You-Qin", "Akdis, Cezmi A", "Gao, Ya-Dong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281110", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524785, "title": "Infection Control and Management Strategy for COVID-19 in the Radiology Department: Focusing on Experiences from China.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Chen, Qian", "Zu, Zi Yue", "Jiang, Meng Di", "Lu, Lingquan", "Lu, Guang Ming", "Zhang, Long Jiang"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524785", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease rapidly spreading around the world, raising global public health concerns. Radiological examinations play a crucial role in the early diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19. Cross infection among patients and radiographers can occur in radiology departments due to the close and frequent contact of radiographers with confirmed or potentially infected patients in a relatively confined room during radiological workflow. This article outlines our experience in the emergency management procedure and infection control of the radiology department during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32199942, "pmcid": "PMC7269705", "title": "Radiotherapy in the time of the Coronavirus pandemic: when less is better.", "journal": "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys", "authors": ["Achard, Verane", "Tsoutsou, Pelagia", "Zilli, Thomas"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227759, "title": "Feeding Low-Income Children during the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Dunn, Caroline G", "Kenney, Erica", "Fleischhacker, Sheila E", "Bleich, Sara N"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227759", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531372, "pmcid": "PMC7283064", "title": "Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 and Coincident Host Response Signature Varies by Asthma Inflammatory Phenotype.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Camiolo, Matthew J", "Gauthier, Marc", "Kaminski, Naftali", "Ray, Anuradha", "Wenzel, Sally E"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531372", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over 300 million people carry a diagnosis of asthma with data to suggest they are at higher risk for infection or adverse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2. Asthma is remarkably heterogenous and it is currently unclear how patient intrinsic factors may relate to COVID-19. Identify and characterize subsets of asthmatics at increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants from 2 large asthma cohorts were stratified using clinically relevant parameters to identify factors related to ACE2 expression within bronchial epithelium. ACE-2 correlated gene signatures were used to interrogate publicly available databases to identify upstream signaling events and novel therapeutic targets. Stratifying by Type 2 inflammatory biomarkers, we identified subjects who demonstrated low peripheral blood eosinophils accompanied by increased expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in bronchial epithelium. Genes highly correlated with ACE2 overlapped with Type 1 and 2 interferon signatures, normally induced by viral infections. T cell recruitment and activation within bronchoalveolar lavage cells of ACE2-high subjects was reciprocally increased. These patients demonstrated characteristics corresponding to risk factors for severe COVID-19, including male sex, history of hypertension, low peripheral blood and elevated BAL lymphocytes. ACE2 expression is linked to upregulation of viral response genes in a subset of Type-2 low asthmatics with characteristics resembling known risk factors for severe COVID-19. Therapies targeting the interferon family and T cell activating factors may therefore be of benefit in a subset of patients. Type-2 low asthmatics may be at increased risk for adverse outcome from COVID-19 and deserve increased vigilance upon developing symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32493370, "pmcid": "PMC7268591", "title": "Lactate dehydrogenase and susceptibility to deterioration of mild COVID-19 patients: a multicenter nested case-control study.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Shi, Jichan", "Li, Yang", "Zhou, Xian", "Zhang, Qiran", "Ye, Xinchun", "Wu, Zhengxing", "Jiang, Xiangao", "Yu, Hongying", "Shao, Lingyun", "Ai, Jing-Wen", "Zhang, Haocheng", "Xu, Bin", "Sun, Feng", "Zhang, Wenhong"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493370", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 4 million people within 4\u00a0months. There is an urgent need to properly identify high-risk cases that are more likely to deteriorate even if they present mild diseases on admission. A multicenter nested case-control study was conducted in four designated hospitals in China enrolling confirmed COVID-19 patients who were mild on admission. Baseline clinical characteristics were compared between patients with stable mild illness (stable mild group) and those who deteriorated from mild to severe illness (progression group). From Jan 17, 2020, to Feb 1, 2020, 85 confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled, including 16 in the progression group and 69 in the stable mild group. Compared to stable mild group (n\u2009=\u200969), patients in the progression group (n\u2009=\u200916) were more likely to be older, male, presented with dyspnea, with hypertension, and with higher levels of lactase dehydrogenase and c-reactive protein. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, advanced age (odds ratio [OR], 1.012; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.020-1.166; P\u2009=\u20090.011) and the higher level of lactase dehydrogenase (OR, 1.012; 95% CI, 1.001-1.024; P\u2009=\u20090.038) were independently associated with exacerbation in mild COVID-19 patients. Advanced age and high LDH level are independent risk factors for exacerbation in mild COVID-19 patients. Among the mild patients, clinicians should pay more attention to the elderly patients or those with high LDH levels."}, {"pmid": 32130833, "title": "Audio Interview: What Clinicians Need to Know in Diagnosing and Treating Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32130833", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451359, "title": "Stroke and mechanical thrombectomy in patients with COVID-19: technical observations and patient characteristics.", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["Wang, Arthur", "Mandigo, Grace K", "Yim, Peter D", "Meyers, Philip M", "Lavine, Sean D"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451359", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 infections have been shown to be associated with a range of thromboembolic disease. To describe our endovascular experience in a consecutive series of patients with COVID-19 who presented with large vessel occlusions, and to describe unique findings in this population. Mechanical thrombectomy was performed on five consecutive patients with COVID-19 with large vessel occlusions. A retrospective study of these patients was performed. Patient demographics, laboratory values, mechanical thrombectomy technique, and clinical and angiographic outcomes were reviewed. Four patients with COVID-19 presented with anterior circulation occlusions and one patient with COVID-19 presented with both anterior and posterior circulation occlusions. All patients had coagulation abnormalities. Mean patient age was 52.8 years. Three patients presented with an intracranial internal carotid artery occlusion. Two patients presented with an intracranial occlusion and a tandem thrombus in the carotid bulb. One patient presented with an occlusion in both the internal carotid and basilar arteries. Clot fragmentation and distal emboli to a new vascular territory were seen in two of five (40%) patients, and downstream emboli were seen in all five (100%) patients. Patient clinical outcome was generally poor in this series of patients with COVID-19 large vessel occlusion. Our series of patients with COVID-19 demonstrated coagulation abnormalities, and compared with our previous experience with mechanical thrombectomy in large vessel occlusion, this group of patients were younger, had tandem or multiple territory occlusions, a large clot burden, and a propensity for clot fragmentation. These patients present unique challenges that make successful revascularization difficult."}, {"pmid": 32272084, "pmcid": "PMC7239666", "title": "Maintaining HIV care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Jiang, Hongbo", "Zhou, Yi", "Tang, Weiming"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470444, "pmcid": "PMC7255134", "title": "Appointment characteristics in an allergy/immunology practice in the immediate aftermath of COVID-19 restrictions.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Ramsey, Allison", "Yang, Luanna", "Vadamalai, Karthik", "Mustafa, S Shahzad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470444", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222188, "pmcid": "PMC7194571", "title": "WHO launches crowdfund for COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Usher, Ann Danaiya"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222188", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474631, "pmcid": "PMC7261041", "title": "Relationship between clinical types and radiological subgroups defined by latent class analysis in 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Fang, Xu", "Li, Xiao", "Bian, Yun", "Ji, Xiang", "Lu, Jianping"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474631", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate whether meaningful subgroups sharing the CT features of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia could be identified using latent class analysis (LCA) and explore the relationship between the LCA-derived subgroups and clinical types. This retrospective review included 499 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia between February 11 and March 8, 2020. Subgroups sharing the CT features were identified using LCA. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to analyze the association between clinical types and the LCA-derived subgroups. Two radiological subgroups were identified using LCA. There were 228 subjects (45.69%) in class 1 and 271 subjects (54.31%) in class 2. The CT findings of class 1 were smaller pulmonary infection volume, more peripheral distribution, more GGO, more maximum lesion range \u2264 5\u00a0cm, a smaller number of lesions, less involvement of lobes, less air bronchogram, less dilatation of vessels, less hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement, and less pleural effusion than the CT findings of class 2. Univariate analysis demonstrated that older age, therapy, presence of fever, presence of hypertension, decreased lymphocyte count, and increased CRP levels were significant parameters associated with an increased risk for class 2. Multivariate analyses revealed that the patients with clinically severe type disease had a 1.97-fold risk of class 2 than the patients with clinically moderate-type disease. The demographic and clinical differences between the two radiological subgroups based on the LCA were significantly different. Two radiological subgroups were significantly associated with clinical moderate and severe types. \u2022 Two radiological subgroups were identified using LCA. \u2022 Older age, therapy, presence of fever, presence of hypertension, decreased lymphocyte count, and increased CRP levels were significant parameters with an increased risk for class 2 defined by LCA. \u2022 Patients with clinically severe type had a 1.97-fold higher risk of class 2 defined by LCA in comparison with patients showing clinically moderate-type disease."}, {"pmid": 32248521, "title": "Global interim guidance on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy and puerperium from FIGO and allied partners: Information for healthcare professionals.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Poon, Liona C", "Yang, Huixia", "Kapur, Anil", "Melamed, Nir", "Dao, Blami", "Divakar, Hema", "McIntyre, H David", "Kihara, Anne B", "Ayres-de-Campos, Diogo", "Ferrazzi, Enrico M", "Di Renzo, Gian Carlo", "Hod, Moshe"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248521", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32191340, "pmcid": "PMC7228411", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives on an unfolding crisis.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Spinelli, A", "Pellino, G"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191340", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32187461, "title": "Am I Part of the Cure or Am I Part of the Disease? Keeping Coronavirus Out When a Doctor Comes Home.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rose, Christian"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187461", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370766, "pmcid": "PMC7199873", "title": "Role of adjunctive treatment strategies in COVID-19 and a review of international and national clinical guidelines.", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Xu, Xinni", "Ong, Yew Kwang", "Wang, De Yun"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370766", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a global struggle to cope with the sheer numbers of infected persons, many of whom require intensive care support or eventually succumb to the illness. The outbreak is managed by a combination of disease containment via public health measures and supportive care for those who are affected. To date, there is no specific anti-COVID-19 treatment. However, the urgency to identify treatments that could turn the tide has led to the emergence of several investigational drugs as potential candidates to improve outcome, especially in the severe to critically ill. While many of these adjunctive drugs are being investigated in clinical trials, professional bodies have attempted to clarify the setting where the use of these drugs may be considered as off-label or compassionate use. This review summarizes the clinical evidence of investigational adjunctive treatments used in COVID-19 patients as well as the recommendations of their use from guidelines issued by international and national organizations in healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32396994, "title": "Special Issues for COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Brambilla, Ilaria", "Tosca, Maria Angela", "De Filippo, Maria", "Licari, Amelia", "Piccotti, Emanuela", "Marseglia, Gian Luigi", "Ciprandi, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396994", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A high prevalence of obesity in patients with severe COVID-19 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation was recently reported.(1) We wish to remind readers that children and adolescents can have COVID-19 disease and that the disease may be extra-pulmonary."}, {"pmid": 32522299, "title": "Lessons learned responding to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Sick-Samuels, Anna C"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522299", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331787, "pmcid": "PMC7158781", "title": "Comparative Global Epidemiological Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV Diseases Using Meta-MUMS Tool Through Incidence, Mortality, and Recovery Rates.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Sokouti, Massoud", "Sadeghi, Ramin", "Pashazadeh, Saeid", "Eslami, Saeid", "Sokouti, Mohsen", "Ghojazadeh, Morteza", "Sokouti, Babak"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331787", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that was reported by the world health organization in late December 2019. As an unexplained respiratory disease epidemic, which is similar to respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-CoV, it rapidly spread all over the world. The study aims to compare several parameters of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV infectious diseases in terms of incidence, mortality, and recovery rates. The publicly available dataset Worldometer (extracted on April 5, 2020) confirmed by WHO report was available for meta-analysis purposes using the Meta-MUMS tool. And, the reported outcomes of the analysis used a random-effects model to evaluate the event rate, and risk ratios thorough subgroup analysis forest plots. Seventeen countries for COVID-19 and eight countries of SARS infections, including COVID-19 group n\u00a0=\u00a01124243, and SARS-CoV group n\u00a0=\u00a08346, were analyzed. In this meta-analysis, a random effect model of relations of incidence, mortality, and recovery rates of COVID-19 and SARS world infections were determined. The meta-analysis and forest plots of two viral world infections showed that the incidence rate of COVID-19 infection is more than SARS infections, while recovery and mortality event rates of SARS-CoV are more than COVID-19 infection. And subgroup analysis showed that the mortality and recovery rates were higher in both SARS-CoV wand COVID-19 in comparison to incidence and mortality rates, respectively. In conclusion, the meta-analysis approach on the abovementioned dataset revealed the epidemiological and statistical analyses for comparing COVID-19 and SARS-CoV outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32197085, "pmcid": "PMC7156161", "title": "Probable Pangolin Origin of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Curr Biol", "authors": ["Zhang, Tao", "Wu, Qunfu", "Zhang, Zhigang"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197085", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) began in the city of Wuhan in China and has widely spread worldwide. Currently, it is vital to explore potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2 to control COVID-19 spread. Therefore, we reinvestigated published data from pangolin lung samples from which SARS-CoV-like CoVs were detected by Liu et\u00a0al. [1]. We found genomic and evolutionary evidence of the occurrence of a SARS-CoV-2-like CoV (named Pangolin-CoV) in dead Malayan pangolins. Pangolin-CoV is 91.02% and 90.55% identical to SARS-CoV-2 and BatCoV RaTG13, respectively, at the whole-genome level. Aside from RaTG13, Pangolin-CoV is the most closely related CoV to SARS-CoV-2. The S1 protein of Pangolin-CoV is much more closely related to SARS-CoV-2 than to RaTG13. Five key amino acid residues involved in the interaction with human ACE2 are completely consistent between Pangolin-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, but four amino acid mutations are present in RaTG13. Both Pangolin-CoV and RaTG13 lost the putative furin recognition sequence motif at S1/S2 cleavage site that can be observed in the SARS-CoV-2. Conclusively, this study suggests that pangolin species are a natural reservoir of SARS-CoV-2-like CoVs."}, {"pmid": 32205458, "title": "Aggregated mobility data could help fight COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Buckee, Caroline O", "Balsari, Satchit", "Chan, Jennifer", "Crosas, Merce", "Dominici, Francesca", "Gasser, Urs", "Grad, Yonatan H", "Grenfell, Bryan", "Halloran, M Elizabeth", "Kraemer, Moritz U G", "Lipsitch, Marc", "Metcalf, C Jessica E", "Meyers, Lauren Ancel", "Perkins, T Alex", "Santillana, Mauricio", "Scarpino, Samuel V", "Viboud, Cecile", "Wesolowski, Amy", "Schroeder, Andrew"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205458", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349382, "title": "An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for Remote Health Monitoring Using Impulse Radio UWB Transceiver.", "journal": "Sensors (Basel)", "authors": ["Khan, Faheem", "Ghaffar, Asim", "Khan, Naeem", "Cho, Sung Ho"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349382", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Non-invasive remote health monitoring plays a vital role in epidemiological situations such as SARS outbreak (2003), MERS (2015) and the recently ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 because it is extremely risky to get close to the patient due to the spread of contagious infections. Non-invasive monitoring is also extremely necessary in situations where it is difficult to use complicated wired connections, such as ECG monitoring for infants, burn victims or during rescue missions when people are buried during building collapses/earthquakes. Due to the unique characteristics such as higher penetration capabilities, extremely precise ranging, low power requirement, low cost, simple hardware and robustness to multipath interferences, Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) technology is appropriate for non-invasive medical applications. IR-UWB sensors detect the macro as well as micro movement inside the human body due to its fine range resolution. The two vital signs, i.e., respiration rate and heart rate, can be measured by IR-UWB radar by measuring the change in the magnitude of signal due to displacement caused by human lungs, heart during respiration and heart beating. This paper reviews recent advances in IR- UWB radar sensor design for healthcare, such as vital signs measurements of a stationary human, vitals of a non-stationary human, vital signs of people in a vehicle, through the wall vitals measurement, neonate's health monitoring, fall detection, sleep monitoring and medical imaging. Although we have covered many topics related to health monitoring using IR-UWB, this paper is mainly focused on signal processing techniques for measurement of vital signs, i.e., respiration and heart rate monitoring."}, {"pmid": 32452948, "title": "Restarting Essential Surgery in the Era of COVID-19: A Cautious Data Driven Approach Based on the Literature and Local Data.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Fields, Adam C", "Vacanti, Joshua C", "Rhee, Chanu", "Klompas, Michael", "Kanjilal, Sanjat", "Maldonado, Luisa", "Robinson, Malcolm K", "Nguyen, Louis L", "Pimentel, Marc Philip T", "Doherty, Gerard M", "Bleday, Ronald"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452948", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355119, "pmcid": "PMC7224624", "title": "Trail Blazers without Blades: Surgeons as Palliative Care Physicians in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["O'Connell, Kathleen M", "Maier, Ronald V"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446342, "pmcid": "PMC7241994", "title": "The first Global Pneumonia Forum: recommendations in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Bassat, Quique", "Watkins, Kevin", "Peterson, Stefan", "Bijleveld, Pascal", "Detjen, Anne", "Winn, Jessica", "Wright, Simon", "Kyrillou, Androulla", "Fanjul, Gonzalo", "Casamitjana, Nuria", "Greenslade, Leith"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446342", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344319, "pmcid": "PMC7175872", "title": "Ad hoc laboratory-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-PCR using minipools of RNA prepared from routine respiratory samples.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Eis-Hubinger, Anna M", "Honemann, Mario", "Wenzel, Jurgen J", "Berger, Annemarie", "Widera, Marek", "Schmidt, Barbara", "Aldabbagh, Souhaib", "Marx, Benjamin", "Streeck, Hendrik", "Ciesek, Sandra", "Liebert, Uwe G", "Huzly, Daniela", "Hengel, Hartmut", "Panning, Marcus"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344319", "countries": ["China", "Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in China in late 2019 and subsequently caused a pandemic. Surveillance is important to better appreciate this evolving pandemic and to longitudinally monitor the effectiveness of public health measures. We aimed to provide a rapid, easy to establish and costeffective laboratory-based surveillance tool for SARS-CoV-2. We used minipools of RNA prepared from nucleic acid extractions of routine respiratory samples. We technically validated the assay and distributed the protocol within an informal network of five German university laboratories. We tested a total of 70 minipools resembling 700 samples shortly before the upsurge of cases in Germany from 17.02.2020 to 10.03.2020. One minipool reacted positive and after resolution one individual sample tested SARS-CoV-2 positive. This sample was from a hospitalized patient not suspected of having contracted SARS-CoV-2. Our approach of a laboratory-based surveillance for SARSCoV-2 using minipools proved its concept is easily adaptable and resource-saving. It might assist not only public health laboratories in SARS-CoV-2 surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32096116, "pmcid": "PMC7056754", "title": "The Risk and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Infections Among Inpatients in Psychiatric Hospitals.", "journal": "Neurosci Bull", "authors": ["Zhu, Yuncheng", "Chen, Liangliang", "Ji, Haifeng", "Xi, Maomao", "Fang, Yiru", "Li, Yi"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096116", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383835, "title": "Acute respiratory distress syndrome and steroids in the shadow of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Jaeschke, Roman"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383835", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371403, "title": "A personal historical perspective of HIV.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Welsby, Philip D"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371403", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "All animal life on earth is thought to have a common origin and have common genetic mechanisms. Evolution has enabled differentiation of species. Pathogens likewise have evolved within various species and mostly come to a settled dynamic equilibrium such that co-existence results (pathogens ideally should not kill their hosts). Problems arise when pathogens jump species because the new host had not developed any resistance. These infections from related species are known as zoonoses. COVID-19 is the latest example of a virus entering another species but HIV (and various strains of influenza) were previous examples."}, {"pmid": 32532725, "title": "Rapid review of COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Fam Physician", "authors": ["Korownyk, Christina", "Allan, G Michael", "Dugre, Nicolas", "Lindblad, Adrienne J", "McCormack, James", "Kolber, Michael R"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532725", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423970, "title": "Storm, typhoon, cyclone or hurricane in patients with COVID-19? Beware of the same storm that has a different origin.", "journal": "RMD Open", "authors": ["Alunno, Alessia", "Carubbi, Francesco", "Rodriguez-Carrio, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423970", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some of the articles being published during the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 pandemic highlight a link between severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the so-called cytokine storm, also with increased ferritin levels. However, this scenario is more complex than initially thought due to the heterogeneity of hyperinflammation. Some patients with coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) develop a fully blown secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), whereas others, despite a consistent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, do not fulfil sHLH criteria but still show some features resembling the phenotype of the hyperferritinemic syndrome. Despite the final event (the cytokine storm) is shared by various conditions leading to sHLH, the aetiology, either infectious, autoimmune or neoplastic, accounts for the differences in the various phases of this process. Moreover, the evidence of a hyperinflammatory microenvironment provided the rationale to employ immunomodulating agents for therapeutic purposes in severe COVID-19. This viewpoint aims at discussing the pitfalls and issues to be considered with regard to the use of immunomodulating agents in COVID-19, such as timing of treatment based on the viral load and the extent of cytokine/ferritin overexpression. Furthermore, it encompasses recent findings in the paediatric field about a novel multisystem inflammatory disease resembling toxic shock syndrome and atypical Kawasaki disease observed in children with proven SARS-CoV2 infection. Finally, it includes arguments in favour of adding COVID-19 to the spectrum of the recently defined 'hyperferritinemic syndrome', which already includes adult-onset Still's disease, macrophage activation syndrome, septic shock and catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome."}, {"pmid": 32418247, "title": "\"Transition to on-line is possible: solution for simulation-based teaching during pandemic\".", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Torres, Anna", "Domanska-Glonek, Ewa", "Dzikowski, Wojciech", "Korulczyk, Jan", "Torres, Kamil"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418247", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, Polish universities had to suspend all on-site activities due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. As a result, we were faced with the problem of how to convert a simulation-based course in geriatrics into distance-learning. The main focus of the original course (30 academic hours) is to expose fourth-year medical students, working in teams of three, to eight simulated cases including acute dyspnea (pneumonia), behavior change (somatic delirium), and cardio-pulmonary deterioration."}, {"pmid": 32445213, "pmcid": "PMC7267049", "title": "Current Applications of Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Jakhar, Deepak", "Kaur, Ishmeet"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445213", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395600, "pmcid": "PMC7212975", "title": "Periorbital Erythema as a Presenting Sign of Covid-19.", "journal": "JAAD Case Rep", "authors": ["Kalner, Samantha", "Vergilis, Irene J"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395600", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425331, "pmcid": "PMC7232925", "title": "Optimal sleep health among frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Singh, Mandeep", "Sharda, Saroo", "Gautam, Mamta", "Hawa, Raed"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425331", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306555, "pmcid": "PMC7264523", "title": "Forced Disruption of Anatomy Education in Australia and New Zealand: An Acute Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anat Sci Educ", "authors": ["Pather, Nalini", "Blyth, Phil", "Chapman, Jamie A", "Dayal, Manisha R", "Flack, Natasha A M S", "Fogg, Quentin A", "Green, Rodney A", "Hulme, Anneliese K", "Johnson, Ian P", "Meyer, Amanda J", "Morley, John W", "Shortland, Peter J", "Strkalj, Goran", "Strkalj, Mirjana", "Valter, Krisztina", "Webb, Alexandra L", "Woodley, Stephanie J", "Lazarus, Michelle D"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306555", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Australian and New Zealand universities commenced a new academic year in February/March 2020 largely with \"business as usual.\" The subsequent Covid-19 pandemic imposed unexpected disruptions to anatomical educational practice. Rapid change occurred due to government-imposed physical distancing regulations from March 2020 that increasingly restricted anatomy laboratory teaching practices. Anatomy educators in both these countries were mobilized to adjust their teaching approaches. This study on anatomy education disruption at pandemic onset within Australia and New Zealand adopts a social constructivist lens. The research question was \"What are the perceived disruptions and changes made to anatomy education in Australia and New Zealand during the initial period of the Covid-19 pandemic, as reflected on by anatomy educators?.\" Thematic analysis to elucidate \"the what and why\" of anatomy education was applied to these reflections. About 18 anatomy academics from ten institutions participated in this exercise. The analysis revealed loss of integrated \"hands-on\" experiences, and impacts on workload, traditional roles, students, pedagogy, and anatomists' personal educational philosophies. The key opportunities recognized for anatomy education included: enabling synchronous teaching across remote sites, expanding offerings into the remote learning space, and embracing new pedagogies. In managing anatomy education's transition in response to the pandemic, six critical elements were identified: community care, clear communications, clarified expectations, constructive alignment, community of practice, ability to compromise, and adapt and continuity planning. There is no doubt that anatomy education has stepped into a yet unknown future in the island countries of Australia and New Zealand."}, {"pmid": 32496240, "title": "The global experience of digital health interventions in COVID-19 management.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Sarbadhikari, Sohini", "Sarbadhikari, Suptendra Nath"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496240", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Digital health interventions are globally playing a significant role to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2. Here, we present a very brief overview of the multifaceted digital interventions, globally, and in India, for maintaining health and health-care delivery, in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32428835, "pmcid": "PMC7218375", "title": "Advances in the relationship between coronavirus infection and cardiovascular diseases.", "journal": "Biomed Pharmacother", "authors": ["Zhao, Mengmeng", "Wang, Menglong", "Zhang, Jishou", "Ye, Jing", "Xu, Yao", "Wang, Zhen", "Ye, Di", "Liu, Jianfang", "Wan, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428835", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has once again aroused people's concern about coronavirus. Seven human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been discovered so far, including HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU115, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Existing studies show that the cardiovascular disease increased the incidence and severity of coronavirus infection. At the same time, myocardial injury caused by coronavirus infection is one of the main factors contributing to poor prognosis. In this review, the recent clinical findings about the relationship between coronaviruses and cardiovascular diseases and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed. This review aimed to provide assistance for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32238260, "title": "[Coinfection between dengue and covid-19: need for approach in endemic zones.]", "journal": "Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba", "authors": ["Saavedra-Velasco, Marcos", "Chiara-Chilet, Christian", "Pichardo-Rodriguez, Rafael", "Grandez-Urbina, Antonio", "Inga-Berrospi, Fiorella"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238260", "countries": ["Peru"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact caused by the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in different parts of the world, currently reaches 745, 308 infected and 35,307 deaths according to the latest reports. In this context, in our country, an area of \u200b\u200bepidemiological relevance is the Peruvian Amazon, due to the distribution of endemic diseases such as metaxemic diseases (Dengue, Malaria, among others), where the problem increases due to the COVID infection. -19 can lead to false positives in Dengue screening tests. Thus leading to a delay in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection and further spread of the virus, since in most cases of Dengue there are no warning signs and treatment is ambulatory. This article seeks to express an opinion on the need to address cases of coinfection between Dengue and Covid-19 in endemic areas."}, {"pmid": 32484741, "title": "The Collision of COVID-19 and the U.S. Health System.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Bornstein, Sue S", "Mire, Ryan D", "Barrett, Eileen D", "Moyer, Darilyn V", "Cooney, Thomas G"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484741", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233642, "title": "Risk factors associated with disease progression in a cohort of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Yulong", "Zhang, Zhicheng", "Tian, Jie", "Xiong, Shaoyun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233642", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging infection of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in late December, 2019 in Wuhan, China, has caused an extreme health concern, with many patients having progressed to acute respiratory disease or other complications in a short period. Meanwhile, the risk factors associated with the disease progression still remain elusive. A cohort of 17 patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infections who were admitted to the Ninth Hospital of Nanchang between January 28 and February 6, 2020, were enrolled in this study. All the patients received standardized treatment. The disease progression was evaluated every 7 days after admission. The clinical, radiologic, and laboratory characteristics were retrospectively analyzed, and the factors associated with the disease progression were screened by binary logistic regression analysis. The cohort comprised 11 women (64.7%) and 6 men (35.3%) between the ages of 18 to 70 years old. All patients had a reported history of contact with infection-confirmed patients. Fever (11/64.7%) and cough (8/47.1%) were the most common symptoms, whereas dyspnea (2/11.8%) and fatigue (3/17.6%) were rare, and there was no patient with diarrhea symptoms. There were 5 patients with aggravated disease at the first disease progression evaluation, and no patient received mechanical ventilation, transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU), or progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, refractory metabolic acidosis, coagulation dysfunction, or death. Based on the disease progression, patients were divided into the non-aggravation group (12 cases) and the aggravation group (5 cases). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with respect to their clinical characteristics. Chest computed tomography (CT) on admission revealed there were 8 patients (47.1%) with invasive lesions found bilaterally on the lungs on multiple lobes, 4 patients (23.5%) with invasive lesions on 1 lobe, and 5 patients (29.4%) with normal chest CT. The aggravation group had1 patient (20.0%) with invasive lesions on one lobe, 3 (60.0%) with invasive lesions on multiple lobes, bilaterally, and 1 (20.0%) with normal chest CT; meanwhile, the nonaggravation group had 3 patients (25.0%) with invasive lesions on one lobe, 5 (41.7%) with invasive lesions on multiple lobes, bilaterally, and 4 (33.3%) with normal chest CT. No significant difference was found between the 2 groups. In the aggravation group, the total lymphocyte counts significantly decreased in comparison to that in the non-aggravation group. Further analysis showed that the CD4+ T cell count but not the CD8+ T cell count of the aggravation group was significantly lower than that of the non-aggravation group. Correlation analysis indicated total lymphocyte count was positively correlated with CD4+ T cell count, and no significant differences were found between the 2 groups in other laboratory measurements, including those of white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and D-dimer. Finally, a binary logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with the disease progression. It was found that total lymphocyte count was a risk factor associated with disease progression in patients infected with 2019-nCoV. A higher cell count of total lymphocytes may indicate a better outcome of the disease, and immune response may be a vital factor for directing disease progression in the early stage of 2019-nCoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32503805, "title": "Covid-19: Hydroxychloroquine was ineffective as postexposure prophylaxis, study finds.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503805", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179140, "pmcid": "PMC7270709", "title": "Clinical features and dynamics of viral load in imported and non-imported patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xu, Tianmin", "Chen, Cong", "Zhu, Zhen", "Cui, Manman", "Chen, Chunhua", "Dai, Hong", "Xue, Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179140", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare the clinical characteristics and the dynamics of viral load between imported and non-imported patients with COVID-19. Data from 51 laboratory-confirmed patients were retrospectively analyzed. The incubation period in the tertiary group was longer than that in the imported and secondary groups (both p < 0.05). Fever was the most common symptom at the onset of illness (73.33%, 58.82%, and 68.42%, respectively), and half of the patients had a low-grade temperature (<38.0 \u00b0C) with a short duration of fever (<7 days). CT scans showed that most patients in the three groups had bilateral pneumonia (80.00%, 76.47%, and 73.68%, respectively). Ct values detected in the tertiary patients were similar to those for the imported and secondary groups at the time of admission (both p > 0.05). For the tertiary group, the viral load was undetectable in half of the patients (52.63%) on day 7, and in all patients on day 14. For one third of the patients in the imported and secondary groups, the viral load remained positive on day 14 after the admission. COVID-19 can present as pneumonia with a low onset of symptoms, and the infectivity of SARS-CoV2 may gradually decrease in tertiary patients."}, {"pmid": 32373461, "pmcid": "PMC7198433", "title": "An Environmental and Health Perspective for COVID-19 Outbreak: Meteorology and Air Quality Influence, Sewage Epidemiology Indicator, Hospitals Disinfection, Drug Therapies and Recommendations.", "journal": "J Environ Chem Eng", "authors": ["Barcelo, Damia"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373461", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This Opinion Paper wishes to provide a summary of recent findings and solutions for a better understanding of the environmental and health problems associated with COVID-19. The list of topics covered is large: meteorology and air quality factors with correlation number of infections, sewage waters as a way to reveal the scale of COVID-19 outbreak, current hospital disinfection procedures and new eco-friendly technologies and list of drug therapies recommend waiting for the desired vaccine to come. During the last two months we did notice an increase in the scientific literature regarding COVID-19 with a partial vision of this problem. The current Opinion Paper is one of the first attempts, to my understanding, to summarize and integrate environmental and human health aspects related to the monitoring, fate and treatment solutions for COVID-19. That being said I believe that this Opinion Paper can serve as multipurpose document, not only for scientists of different disciplines but for social media and citizens in general."}, {"pmid": 32306495, "pmcid": "PMC7264616", "title": "Potential implications of COVID-19 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Prins, Grietje H", "Olinga, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306495", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520514, "title": "Incidental COVID-19 Pneumonia on 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Garcia Vicente, Ana Maria", "Soriano Castrejon, Angel"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520514", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the case of a patient who underwent F-fluorocholine PET/CT for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer in which bilateral pneumonia was diagnosed. In the current state of COVID-19 pandemic, a high prevalence of incidental pneumonia may be expected, even with previous clinical triage, explained by a nondefined number of patients who were asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic for infectious process. Therefore, nuclear medicine physicians should be prepared to recognize and diagnose incidental COVID-19 pneumonia manifestation on F-fluorocholine PET/CT, due to the crucial epidemiological implications."}, {"pmid": 32289729, "pmcid": "PMC7139251", "title": "Patients with chronic illness urgently need integrated physical and psychological care during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Kang, Chuanyuan", "Yang, Shuran", "Yuan, Jing", "Xu, Li", "Zhao, Xudong", "Yang, Jianzhong"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289729", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488191, "title": "Thousands of people will help scientists to track the long-term health effects of the coronavirus crisis.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Abbott, Alison"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488191", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303925, "pmcid": "PMC7165075", "title": "The Burden of COVID-19 in People Living with HIV: A Syndemic Perspective.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Shiau, Stephanie", "Krause, Kristen D", "Valera, Pamela", "Swaminathan, Shobha", "Halkitis, Perry N"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303925", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 creates another health burden for people living with HIV (PLWH) who face multiple morbidities and may be at heightened risk for severe physical health illness from COVID-19. Our abilities to address these morbidities in PLWH must be considered alongside the socially-produced burdens that both place this population at risk for COVID-19 and heighten the likelihood of adverse outcomes. These burdens can affect the physical, emotional, and social well-being of PLWH and interfere with the delivery of effective healthcare and access to HIV treatment. We posit that a syndemic framework can be used to conceptualize the potential impact of COVID-19 among PLWH to inform the development of health programming services."}, {"pmid": 32284326, "pmcid": "PMC7242698", "title": "Remdesivir is a direct-acting antiviral that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with high potency.", "journal": "J Biol Chem", "authors": ["Gordon, Calvin J", "Tchesnokov, Egor P", "Woolner, Emma", "Perry, Jason K", "Feng, Joy Y", "Porter, Danielle P", "Gotte, Matthias"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284326", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are urgently needed to control this current pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Replication of SARS-CoV-2 depends on the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is the likely target of the investigational nucleotide analogue remdesivir (RDV). RDV shows broad-spectrum antiviral activity against RNA viruses, and previous studies with RdRps from Ebola virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have revealed that delayed chain termination is RDV's plausible mechanism of action. Here, we expressed and purified active SARS-CoV-2 RdRp composed of the nonstructural proteins nsp8 and nsp12. Enzyme kinetics indicated that this RdRp efficiently incorporates the active triphosphate form of RDV (RDV-TP) into RNA. Incorporation of RDV-TP at position i caused termination of RNA synthesis at position i+3. We obtained almost identical results with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 RdRps. A unique property of RDV-TP is its high selectivity over incorporation of its natural nucleotide counterpart ATP. In this regard, the triphosphate forms of 2'-C-methylated compounds, including sofosbuvir, approved for the management of hepatitis C virus infection, and the broad-acting antivirals favipiravir and ribavirin, exhibited significant deficits. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the target specificity of RDV, as RDV-TP was less efficiently incorporated by the distantly related Lassa virus RdRp, and termination of RNA synthesis was not observed. These results collectively provide a unifying, refined mechanism of RDV-mediated RNA synthesis inhibition in coronaviruses and define this nucleotide analogue as a direct-acting antiviral."}, {"pmid": 32496528, "title": "Thinking of Risk in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bauchner, Howard", "Fontanarosa, Phil"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496528", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437930, "pmcid": "PMC7211603", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak reproduction number estimations and forecasting in Marche, Italy.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chintalapudi, Nalini", "Battineni, Gopi", "Sagaro, Getu Gamo", "Amenta, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437930", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 disease is becoming a global pandemic and more than 200 countries were affected because of this disease. Italy is one of the countries is largely suffered with this virus outbreak, and about 180,000 cases (as of 20 April 2020) were registered which explains the large transmissibility and reproduction case numbers. In this study, we considered the Marche region of Italy to compute different daily transmission rates (Rt) including five provinces in it. We also present forecasting of daily and cumulative incidences associated after the next thirty days. The Marche region is the 8th in terms of number of people infected in Italy and the first in terms of diffusion of the infection among the 4 regions of the center of Italy. Epidemic statistics were extracted from the national Italian Health Ministry website. We considered outbreak information where the first case registered in Marche with onset symptoms (26 February 2020) to the present date (20 April 2020). Adoption of incidence and projections with R statistics was done. The median values of Rt for the five provinces of Pesaro and Urbano, Ancona, Fermo, Ascoli Piceno, and Macerata, was 2.492 (1.1-4.5), 2.162 (1.0-4.0), 1.512 (0.75-2.75), 1.141 (1.0-1.6), and 1.792 (1.0-3.5) with 95% of CI achieved. The projections at end of 30th day of the cumulative incidences 323 (95% CI), and daily incidences 45 (95% CI) could be possible. This study highlights the knowledge of essential insights into the Marche region in particular to virus transmission dynamics, geographical characteristics of positive incidences, and the necessity of implementing mitigation procedures to fight against the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32252979, "pmcid": "PMC7270428", "title": "Surgical Management of Patients With COVID-19 Infection. Recommendations of the Spanish Association of Surgeons.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Balibrea, Jose Mose", "Badia, Josep Mose", "Rubio Perez, Ines", "Martin Antona, Esteban", "Alvarez Pena, Estibaliz", "Garcia Botella, Sandra", "Alvarez Gallego, Mario", "Martin Perez, Elena", "Martinez Cortijo, Sagrario", "Pascual Miguelanez, Isabel", "Perez Diaz, Lola", "Ramos Rodriguez, Jose Luis", "Espin Basany, Eloy", "Sanchez Santos, Raquel", "Soria Aledo, Victoriano", "Lopez Barrachina, Ruth", "Morales-Conde, Salvador"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the current pandemic of respiratory disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, many patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection will require elective surgery, surgery that cannot be postponed, or emergency surgical treatment. In these situations, special measures need to be adopted in order to minimize the possibility of transmission between patients, exposure of healthcare personnel and the development of postoperative complications. This document explains the main principles to consider when managing confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients during evaluation as well as when surgical treatment is required."}, {"pmid": 32493627, "pmcid": "PMC7247499", "title": "Structural Proteins in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Satarker, Sairaj", "Nampoothiri, Madhavan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493627", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "What began with a sign of pneumonia-related respiratory disorders in China has now become a pandemic named by WHO as Covid-19 known to be caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 are newly emerged \u03b2 coronaviruses belonging to the Coronaviridae family. SARS-CoV-2 has a positive viral RNA genome expressing open reading frames that code for structural and non-structural proteins. The structural proteins include spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and envelope (E) proteins. The S1 subunit of S protein facilitates ACE2 mediated virus attachment while S2 subunit promotes membrane fusion. The presence of glutamine, asparagine, leucine, phenylalanine and serine amino acids in SARS-CoV-2 enhances ACE2 binding. The N protein is composed of a serine-rich linker region sandwiched between N Terminal Domain (NTD) and C Terminal Domain (CTD). These terminals play a role in viral entry and its processing post entry. The NTD forms orthorhombic crystals and binds to the viral genome. The linker region contains phosphorylation sites that regulate its functioning. The CTD promotes nucleocapsid formation. The E protein contains a NTD, hydrophobic domain and CTD which form viroporins needed for viral assembly. The M protein possesses hydrophilic C terminal and amphipathic N terminal. Its long-form promotes spike incorporations and the interaction with E facilitates virion production. As each protein is essential in viral functioning, this review describes the insights of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins that would help in developing therapeutic strategies by targeting each protein to curb the rapidly growing pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32490934, "title": "Ultrasound-guided minimally invasive autopsies: A protocol for the study of pulmonary and systemic involvement of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Monteiro, Renata Aparecida de Almeida", "Duarte-Neto, Amaro Nunes", "Silva, Luiz Fernando Ferraz da", "Oliveira, Ellen Pierre de", "Filho, Jair Theodoro", "Santos, Glaucia Aparecida Bento Dos", "Oliveira, Ilka Regina Souza de", "Mauad, Thais", "Saldiva, Paulo Hilario do Nascimento", "Dolhnikoff, Marisa"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490934", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242873, "pmcid": "PMC7258756", "title": "Full-genome sequences of the first two SARS-CoV-2 viruses from India.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Yadav, Pragya D", "Potdar, Varsha A", "Choudhary, Manohar Lal", "Nyayanit, Dimpal A", "Agrawal, Megha", "Jadhav, Santosh M", "Majumdar, Triparna D", "Shete-Aich, Anita", "Basu, Atanu", "Abraham, Priya", "Cherian, Sarah S"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242873", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has globally affected 195 countries. In India, suspected cases were screened for SARS-CoV-2 as per the advisory of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The objective of this study was to characterize SARS-CoV-2 sequences from three identified positive cases as on February 29, 2020. Throat swab/nasal swab specimens for a total of 881 suspected cases were screened by E gene and confirmed by RdRp (1), RdRp (2) and N gene real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions and next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis, molecular characterization and prediction of B- and T-cell epitopes for Indian SARS-CoV-2 sequences were undertaken. Three cases with a travel history from Wuhan, China, were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2. Almost complete (29,851 nucleotides) genomes of case 1, case 3 and a fragmented genome for case 2 were obtained. The sequences of Indian SARS-CoV-2 though not identical showed high (~99.98%) identity with Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus (accession number: NC 045512). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Indian sequences belonged to different clusters. Predicted linear B-cell epitopes were found to be concentrated in the S1 domain of spike protein, and a conformational epitope was identified in the receptor-binding domain. The predicted T-cell epitopes showed broad human leucocyte antigen allele coverage of A and B supertypes predominant in the Indian population. The two SARS-CoV-2 sequences obtained from India represent two different introductions into the country. The genetic heterogeneity is as noted globally. The identified B- and T-cell epitopes may be considered suitable for future experiments towards the design of vaccines and diagnostics. Continuous monitoring and analysis of the sequences of new cases from India and the other affected countries would be vital to understand the genetic evolution and rates of substitution of the SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32285293, "pmcid": "PMC7152693", "title": "Searching therapeutic strategy of new coronavirus pneumonia from angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: the target of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Shu-Ren", "Tang, Zi-Jian", "Li, Zai-Han", "Liu, Xuan"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285293", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the infection of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) caused an outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China, and caused great public concern. Both COVID-19 and SARS-CoV belong to the coronavirus family and both invade target cells through ACE2. An in-depth understanding of ACE2 and a series of physiological and physiological changes caused by the virus invading the human body may help to discover and explain the corresponding clinical phenomena and then deal with them timely. In addition, ACE2 is a potential therapeutic target. This article will summarize the role of ACE2 in multiple organ damage caused by COVID-19 and SARS-CoV, targeted blocking drugs against ACE2, and drugs that inhibit inflammation in order to provide the basis for subsequent related research, diagnosis and treatment, and drug development."}, {"pmid": 32424497, "pmcid": "PMC7233671", "title": "COVID-19: what happened to all of the otolaryngology emergencies?", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Gelardi, Matteo", "Iannuzzi, Lucia", "Trecca, Eleonora M C", "Kim, Brandon", "Quaranta, Nicola A A", "Cassano, Michele"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349775, "pmcid": "PMC7189172", "title": "Cancer at the time of the COVID-19 hurricane.", "journal": "J Exp Clin Cancer Res", "authors": ["Blandino, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349775", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329925, "pmcid": "PMC7264554", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on Head and Neck surgery, education, and training.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Shah, Jatin P"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329925", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334933, "pmcid": "PMC7174164", "title": "Contact lens wear during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cont Lens Anterior Eye", "authors": ["Morgan, Philip B"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334933", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321656, "pmcid": "PMC7128716", "title": "Radiological findings for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Sanchez-Oro, Raquel", "Torres Nuez, Julio", "Martinez-Sanz, Gloria"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321656", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371559, "title": "Helping children cope with the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Lambrese, Jason V"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371559", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Numerous societal changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as school closings and event cancellations, have caused anxiety and fear for children and young people. There are ways to help young people cope with the current situation including establishing an open dialogue, creating a structured daily routine with a schedule with assigned roles, and using social media and video conferencing to remain socially connected."}, {"pmid": 32171055, "pmcid": "PMC7104043", "title": "Can Nigeria contain the COVID-19 outbreak using lessons from recent epidemics?", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Ebenso, Bassey", "Otu, Akaninyene"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171055", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344317, "pmcid": "PMC7174983", "title": "Cancer patients and research during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of current evidence.", "journal": "Crit Rev Oncol Hematol", "authors": ["Moujaess, Elissar", "Kourie, Hampig Raphael", "Ghosn, Marwan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344317", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, also known as SARS-Cov-2 or COVID-19 has become a worldwide threat and the major healthcare concern of the year 2020. Cancer research was directly affected by the emerging of this disease. According to some Chinese studies, cancer patients are more vulnerable to COVID-19 complications. This observation led many oncologists to change their daily practice in cancer care, without solid evidence and recommendations. Moreover, the COVID-19 manifestations as well as its diagnosis are particular in this special population. In this review paper we expose the challenges of cancer management in the era of SARS-CoV-2, the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and radiological characteristics of the disease in cancer patients and its outcomes on this population. Finally, we focus on strategies that are followed in cancer management with review of national and international guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32267942, "title": "Covid-19: The Pandemic of Our Time", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["Murphy, J F A"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267942", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442303, "title": "Nursing Home Care in Crisis in the Wake of COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Grabowski, David C", "Mor, Vincent"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292687, "pmcid": "PMC7114953", "title": "Telemental Health in the Context of a Pandemic: the COVID-19 Experience.", "journal": "Curr Treat Options Psychiatry", "authors": ["Whaibeh, Emile", "Mahmoud, Hossam", "Naal, Hady"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292687", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530421, "title": "The challenges of lockdown for early-career researchers.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Byrom, Nicola"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530421", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thousands of UK doctoral students and early-career researchers shared the repercussions of lockdown on their work and wellbeing."}, {"pmid": 32339260, "title": "Patient blood management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Baron, D M", "Franchini, M", "Goobie, S M", "Javidroozi, M", "Klein, A A", "Lasocki, S", "Liumbruno, G M", "Munoz, M", "Shander, A", "Spahn, D R", "Zacharowski, K", "Meybohm, P"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339260", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 disease escalates globally, optimising patient outcome during this catastrophic healthcare crisis is the number one priority. The principles of patient blood management are fundamental strategies to improve patient outcomes and should be given high priority in this crisis situation. The aim of this expert review is to provide clinicians and healthcare authorities with information regarding how to apply established principles of patient blood management during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, this review considers the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood supply and specifies important aspects of donor management. We discuss how preventative and control measures implemented during the COVID-19 crisis could affect the prevalence of anaemia, and highlight issues regarding the diagnosis and treatment of anaemia in patients requiring elective or emergency surgery. In addition, we review aspects related to patient blood management of critically ill patients with known or suspected COVID-19, and discuss important alterations of the coagulation system in patients hospitalised due to COVID-19. Finally, we address special considerations pertaining to supply-demand and cost-benefit issues of patient blood management during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32302284, "pmcid": "PMC7234717", "title": "Healthcare Ethics During a Pandemic.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Iserson, Kenneth V"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302284", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As clinicians and support personnel struggle with their responsibilities to treat during the current COVID-19 pandemic, several ethical issues have emerged. Will healthcare workers and support staff fulfill their duty to treat in the face of high risks? Will institutional and government leaders at all levels do the right things to help alleviate healthcare workers risks and fears? Will physicians be willing to make hard, resource-allocation decisions if they cannot first husband or improvise alternatives?With our healthcare facilities and governments unprepared for this inevitable disaster, front-line doctors, advanced providers, nurses, EMS, and support personnel struggle with acute shortages of equipment-both to treat patients and protect themselves. With their personal and possibly their family's lives and health at risk, they must weigh the option of continuing to work or retreat to safety. This decision, made daily, is based on professional and personal values, how they perceive existing risks-including available protective measures, and their perception of the level and transparency of information they receive. Often, while clinicians get this information, support personnel do not, leading to absenteeism and deteriorating healthcare services. Leadership can use good risk communication (complete, widely transmitted, and transparent) to align healthcare workers' risk perceptions with reality. They also can address the common problems healthcare workers must overcome to continue working (ie, risk mitigation techniques). Physicians, if they cannot sufficiently husband or improvise lifesaving resources, will have to face difficult triage decisions. Ideally, they will use a predetermined plan, probably based on the principles of Utilitarianism (maximizing the greatest good) and derived from professional and community input. Unfortunately, none of these plans is optimal."}, {"pmid": 32395794, "title": "Legal foundations of the fight against COVID- 19.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Horchani, Ferhat"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395794", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32143990, "pmcid": "PMC7126544", "title": "The deadly coronaviruses: The 2003 SARS pandemic and the 2020 novel coronavirus epidemic in China.", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Yang, Yongshi", "Peng, Fujun", "Wang, Runsheng", "Guan, Kai", "Jiang, Taijiao", "Xu, Guogang", "Sun, Jinlyu", "Chang, Christopher"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32143990", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019-nCoV is officially called SARS-CoV-2 and the disease is named COVID-19. This viral epidemic in China has led to the deaths of over 1800 people, mostly elderly or those with an underlying chronic disease or immunosuppressed state. This is the third serious Coronavirus outbreak in less than 20 years, following SARS in 2002-2003 and MERS in 2012. While human strains of Coronavirus are associated with about 15% of cases of the common cold, the SARS-CoV-2 may present with varying degrees of severity, from flu-like symptoms to death. It is currently believed that this deadly Coronavirus strain originated from wild animals at the Huanan market in Wuhan, a city in Hubei province. Bats, snakes and pangolins have been cited as potential carriers based on the sequence homology of CoV isolated from these animals and the viral nucleic acids of the virus isolated from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Extreme quarantine measures, including sealing off large cities, closing borders and confining people to their homes, were instituted in January 2020 to prevent spread of the virus, but by that time much of the damage had been done, as human-human transmission became evident. While these quarantine measures are necessary and have prevented a historical disaster along the lines of the Spanish flu, earlier recognition and earlier implementation of quarantine measures may have been even more effective. Lessons learned from SARS resulted in faster determination of the nucleic acid sequence and a more robust quarantine strategy. However, it is clear that finding an effective antiviral and developing a vaccine are still significant challenges. The costs of the epidemic are not limited to medical aspects, as the virus has led to significant sociological, psychological and economic effects globally. Unfortunately, emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has led to numerous reports of Asians being subjected to racist behavior and hate crimes across the world."}, {"pmid": 32442264, "title": "Labor and Delivery Visitor Policies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Balancing Risks and Benefits.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Arora, Kavita Shah", "Mauch, Jaclyn T", "Gibson, Kelly Smith"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442264", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319447, "title": "[Vitamin D and coronavirus: a new field of use?]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Maestri, Emilio", "Formoso, Giulio", "Da Cas, Roberto", "Mammarella, Federica", "Guerrizio, Maria Alessandra", "Trotta, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319447", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the succession of communications in scientific and popular circuits, tending to take for granted a role for vitamin D in the control of the coronavirus pandemic, the authors conducted an analysis of the literature currently available in order to recognize what is supported by opinions personal and what evidence of effectiveness. At the end of the bibliographic survey there is the current absence of evidence of efficacy in favor of vitamin D in the treatment of coronavirus infection in its various expressions. The diffusion of personal opinions as if they were evidence can be a disturbing factor for adequate assistance and for correct research."}, {"pmid": 32317810, "pmcid": "PMC7169643", "title": "Understanding SARS-CoV-2: Genetic Diversity, Transmission and Cure in Human.", "journal": "Indian J Microbiol", "authors": ["Bajaj, Abhay", "Purohit, Hemant J"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317810", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the SARS-CoV-2 virus race around the world across the different population, there needs to be a consolidated effort to understand the divergence of demographically distributed strains. The emerging trends in SARS-CoV-2 genome data show specific mutation and genetic diversity, which could provide the basis to develop a cocktail of vaccine and may also be used to develop the region-specific diagnostic tool, thus decreasing the chances of testing failures in fields. Since the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is subject to the extent of human interaction, the insights from the correlation of genetic diversity with epidemiological parameter would give paramount information to tackle this transmission. Previously, studies have also correlated the epidemiological data with gut microbiome and its role in immunomodulation for maintaining health status, and such information could be generated from recovered individuals from different demographic regions. It will help in designing a probiotic-based diet for modulation of the gut microbiome, and that could be another plausible prophylactic treatment option. The genomics data suggest that a specific variant of SARS-CoV-2 gets enriched with the specific demographic region. Overall, demographic data suggests that host influences mutation and expression of the virus. Hence, the experiences from the clinical intervention for that region should be considered in control and treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32458534, "title": "Mild course of Coronavirus disease 2019 and spontaneous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 clearance in a patient with depleted peripheral blood B-cells due to treatment with rituximab.", "journal": "Arthritis Rheumatol", "authors": ["Fallet, Benedict", "Kyburz, Diego", "Walker, Ulrich A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458534", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over 4 million cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been confirmed worldwide. Up to 20% of cases develop severe disease and the fatality rate are high.[1] Little is known however on the course of the infection in immunosuppressed patients. We therefore report the case of a patient with COVID-19 under immunosuppression with rituximab. This 77-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a 5-week history of unclear fever (up to 38.5\u00b0C), hypotension (80 mmHg systolic on self-measurement), occasional mild shortness of breath and intermittent dry cough."}, {"pmid": 32319118, "pmcid": "PMC7264678", "title": "Two X-linked agammaglobulinemia patients develop pneumonia as COVID-19 manifestation but recover.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Soresina, Annarosa", "Moratto, Daniele", "Chiarini, Marco", "Paolillo, Ciro", "Baresi, Giulia", "Foca, Emanuele", "Bezzi, Michela", "Baronio, Barbara", "Giacomelli, Mauro", "Badolato, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319118", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which has recently affected Italy since February 21, constitutes a threat to normal subjects, as the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) can manifest with a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes ranging from asymptomatic cases to pneumonia or even death. There is evidence that older age and several comorbidities can affect the risk to develop severe pneumonia and possibly the need of mechanic ventilation in subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we evaluated the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) such as X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). When the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has reached Italy, we have activated a surveillance protocol of patients with IEI, to perform SARS-CoV-2 search by nasopharyngeal swab in patients presenting with symptoms that could be a manifestation of COVID-19, such as fever, cough, diarrhea, or vomiting. We describe two patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) aged 34 and 26\u00a0years with complete absence of B cells from peripheral blood who developed COVID-19, as diagnosed by SARS-CoV-2 detection by nasopharyngeal swab, while receiving immunoglobulin infusions. Both patients developed interstitial pneumonia characterized by fever, cough, and anorexia and associated with elevation of CRP and ferritin, but have never required oxygen ventilation or intensive care. Our report suggests that XLA patients might present with high risk to develop pneumonia after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but can recover from infection, suggesting that B-cell response might be important, but is not strictly required to overcome the disease. However, there is a need for larger observational studies to extend these conclusions to other patients with similar genetic immune defects."}, {"pmid": 32493536, "title": "COVID-19 presenting with thalamic hemorrhage unmasking moyamoya angiopathy.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Ghosh, Ritwik", "Dubey, Souvik", "Kanti Ray, Biman", "Chatterjee, Subhankar", "Benito-Leon, Julian"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493536", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324049, "title": "Cardiac Arrest in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care", "authors": ["Hassager, Christian", "Price, Susanna", "Huber, Kurt"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324049", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446312, "title": "Metformin Treatment Was Associated with Decreased Mortality in COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes in a Retrospective Analysis.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Luo, Pan", "Qiu, Lin", "Liu, Yi", "Liu, Xiu-Lan", "Zheng, Jian-Ling", "Xue, Hui-Ying", "Liu, Wen-Hua", "Liu, Dong", "Li, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446312", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Metformin was proposed to be a candidate for host-directed therapy for COVID-19. However, its efficacy remains to be validated. In this study, we compared the outcome of metformin users and nonusers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes. Hospitalized diabetic patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the Tongji Hospital of Wuhan, China, from January 27, 2020 to March 24, 2020, were grouped into metformin and no-metformin groups according to the diabetic medications used. The demographics, characteristics, laboratory parameters, treatments, and clinical outcome in these patients were retrospectively assessed. A total of 283 patients (104 in the metformin and 179 in the no-metformin group) were included in this study. There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender, age, underlying diseases, clinical severity, and oxygen-support category at admission. The fasting blood glucose level of the metformin group was higher than that of the no-metformin group at admission and was under effective control in both groups after admission. Other laboratory parameters at admission and treatments after admission were not different between the two groups. The length of hospital stay did not differ between the two groups (21.0 days for metformin versus 19.5 days for no metformin, P = 0.74). However, in-hospital mortality was significantly lower in the metformin group (3/104 (2.9%) versus 22/179 (12.3%), P = 0.01). Antidiabetic treatment with metformin was associated with decreased mortality compared with diabetics not receiving metformin. This retrospective analysis suggests that metformin may offer benefits in patients with COVID-19 and that further study is indicated."}, {"pmid": 32425260, "pmcid": "PMC7229730", "title": "Incidence of COVID-19 in a cohort of adult and paediatric patients with rheumatic diseases treated with targeted biologic and synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.", "journal": "Semin Arthritis Rheum", "authors": ["Michelena, Xabier", "Borrell, Helena", "Lopez-Corbeto, Mireia", "Lopez-Lasanta, Maria", "Moreno, Estefania", "Pascual-Pastor, Maria", "Erra, Alba", "Serrat, Mayte", "Espartal, Esther", "Anton, Susana", "Anez, Gustavo Adolfo", "Caparros-Ruiz, Raquel", "Pluma, Andrea", "Trallero-Araguas, Ernesto", "Barcelo-Bru, Mireia", "Almirall, Miriam", "De Agustin, Juan Jose", "Llados, Jordi", "Julia, Antonio", "Marsal, Sara"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425260", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the incidence of COVID-19 in a cohort of adult and paediatric patients with rheumatic diseases receiving targeted biologic and synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (tDMARDs) and to explore the possible effect of these treatments in the clinical expression of COVID-19. A cross-sectional study comprising of a telephone survey and electronic health records review was performed including all adult and paediatric patients with rheumatic diseases treated with tDMARDs in a large rheumatology tertiary centre in Barcelona, Spain. Demographics, disease activity, COVID-19 related symptoms and contact history data were obtained from the start of the 2020 pandemic. Cumulative incidence of confirmed cases (SARS-CoV-2 positive PCR test) was compared to the population estimates for the same city districts from a governmental COVID-19 health database. Suspected cases were defined following WHO criteria and compared to those without compatible symptoms. 959 patients with rheumatic diseases treated with tDMARDs were included. We identified 11 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in the adult cohort and no confirmed positive cases in the paediatric cohort. COVID-19 incidence rates of the rheumatic patient cohort were very similar to that of the general population [(0.48% (95% CI 0.09 to 0.87%)] and [0.58% (95% CI 0.56 to 0.60%)], respectively. We found significant differences in tDMARDs proportions between the suspected and non-suspected cases (p=0.002). Adult and paediatric patients with rheumatic diseases on tDMARDs do not seem to present a higher risk of COVID-19 or a more severe disease outcome when compared to general population."}, {"pmid": 32491306, "title": "The different tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19 - A review in Brazil so far.", "journal": "JBRA Assist Reprod", "authors": ["Laureano, Ana Flavia Santarine", "Riboldi, Marcia"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491306", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus from the coronavirus family that emerged in the end of December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The virus is now widespread and causing the current pandemic of COVID-19, a highly pathogenic viral pneumonia, commonly presented with fever and cough, which frequently lead to lower respiratory tract disease with poor clinical outcomes associated with older age and underlying health conditions. Supportive care for patients is typically the standard protocol because no specific effective antiviral therapies have been identified so far. The current outbreak is challenging governments and health authorities all over the world. In here we present a comparison among the current diagnostic tools and kits being used to test Brazilian population."}, {"pmid": 32220206, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in China. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Guan, Wei-Jie", "Zhong, Nan-Shan"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220206", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388138, "pmcid": "PMC7175891", "title": "Hypothesized behavioral host manipulation by SARS-CoV2/COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Barton, Michael C", "Bennett, Kaylee V", "Cook, John R", "Gallup, Gordon G Jr", "Platek, Steven M"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388138", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although not widely studied, behavioral host manipulation by various pathogens has been documented. Host manipulation is the process by which a pathogen evolves adaptations to manipulate the behavior of the host to maximize reproduction (Ro) of the pathogen. The most notable example is rabies. When a host is infected with the rabies virus it gets into the host's central nervous system and triggers hyper aggression. The virus is also present in the rabid animal's saliva so being bitten transmits the infection to a new host and the old host is left to eventually die if untreated. Toxoplasmosis is another example. When mice are infected they demonstrate a fearlessness toward cats, thus increasing their chances of being eaten. Toxoplasmosis needs the digestive tract of the feline to survive. Recent studies have shown that exposure to toxoplasmosis in humans (e.g., through cat feces) has also been associated with behavioral changes that are predicted to enhance the spread of the pathogen. Even the common influenza virus has been shown to selectively increase in-person sociality during the 48-hour incubation period, thus producing an obvious vector for transmission. Here we hypothesize that the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, which produces the COVID-19 disease may produce similar host manipulations that maximize its transmission between humans."}, {"pmid": 32401989, "pmcid": "PMC7206952", "title": "Recommendations from the Sociedade Portuguesa de Cuidados Intensivos and Infection & Sepsis Group for intensive care approach to COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Bras Ter Intensiva", "authors": ["Mendes, Joao Joao", "Mergulhao, Paulo", "Froes, Filipe", "Paiva, Jose Artur", "Gouveia, Joao"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401989", "countries": ["Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Japan", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Portugal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current COVID-19 epidemics was declared on December 31, 2019 at the Wuhan city seafood market, rapidly spreading throughout China, and later reaching several countries (mainly South Korea, Japan, Italy and Iran) and, since March 1, reaching Portugal. Most of the infected patients present with mild symptoms, not requiring hospitalization. Among those admitted to the hospital, 6% to 10% require admission to the intensive care unit. These recommendations are aimed to support the organization of intensive care services to respond COVID-19, providing optimized care to the patient and protection for healthcare professionals."}, {"pmid": 32271625, "pmcid": "PMC7236243", "title": "Should Infants Be Separated from Mothers with COVID-19? First, Do No Harm.", "journal": "Breastfeed Med", "authors": ["Stuebe, Alison"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271625", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286216, "title": "[Diagnostic imaging findings in COVID-19].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Plesner, Louis Lind", "Dyrberg, Eva", "Hansen, Ida Vibeke", "Abild, Annemette", "Andersen, Michael Brun"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286216", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a review of diagnostic imaging findings in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). CT findings are frequently bilateral, multilobar and peripheral ground-glass opacities with vascular enlargements. Consolidations often appear during progression as well as crazy paving and reticulation. Lymphadenopathy, pleural effusions and pneumothorax are rare and should raise concern for other disease. Initially the CT can be normal, and the diagnostic performance for COVID-19 is not optimal. However, findings of characteristic ground-glass opacities during the ongoing epidemic should lead to considerations, that the patient may have COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32396143, "title": "Clinical and laboratory findings from patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Babol North of Iran: a retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Rom J Intern Med", "authors": ["Javanian, Mostafa", "Bayani, Masomeh", "Shokri, Mehran", "Sadeghi-Haddad-Zavareh, Mahmoud", "Babazadeh, Arefeh", "Yeganeh, Babak", "Mohseni, Sima", "Mehraein, Raheleh", "Sepidarkish, Mahdi", "Bijani, Ali", "Rostami, Ali", "Shahbazi, Mehdi", "Tabari, Afrooz Monadi", "Shabani, Asieh", "Masrour-Roudsari, Jila", "Hasanpour, Amir Hossein", "Gholinejad, Hossein Emam", "Ghorbani, Hossein", "Ebrahimpour, Soheil"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396143", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December, 2019, China, has experienced an outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Coronavirus has now spread to all of the continents. We aimed to consider clinical characteristics, laboratory data of COVID-19 that provided more information for the research of this novel virus. We performed a retrospective cohort study on the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings of a series of the 100 confirmed patients with COVID-19. These patients were admitted to the hospitals affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences (Ayatollah Rohani, Shahid Beheshti and Yahyanejad hospitals) form 25 February 2020 to 12 March 2020. Nineteen patients died during hospitalization and 81 were discharged. Non-survivor patients had a significantly higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD: 46.37, 95% CI: 20.84, 71.90; P= 0.001), white blood cells (WBCs) (MD: 3.10, 95% CI: 1.53, 4.67; P< 0.001) and lower lymphocyte (MD: -8.75, 95% CI: -12.62, -4.87; P< 0.001) compared to survivor patients Data analysis showed that comorbid conditions (aRR: 2.99, 95%CI: 1.09, 8.21, P= 0.034), higher CRP levels (aRR: 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.03, P= 0.044), and lower lymphocyte (aRR: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.73, 0.93, P= 0.003) were associated with increased risk of death. Based on our findings, most non-survivors are elderly with comorbidities. Lymphopenia and increased levels of WBCs along with elevated CRP were associated with increased risk of death. Therefore, it is best to be regularly assessed these markers during treatment of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32088847, "pmcid": "PMC7080035", "title": "(18)F-FDG PET/CT findings of COVID-19: a series of four highly suspected cases.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Qin, Chunxia", "Liu, Fang", "Yen, Tzu-Chen", "Lan, Xiaoli"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088847", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this case series is to illustrate the 18F-FDG PET/CT findings of patients with acute respiratory disease caused by COVID-19 in Wuhan, Hubei province of China. We describe the 18F-FDG PET/CT results from four patients who were admitted to the hospital with respiratory symptoms and fever between January 13 and January 20, 2020, when the COVID-19 outbreak was still unrecognized and the virus infectivity was unknown. A retrospective review of the patients' medical history, clinical and laboratory data, as well as imaging findings strongly suggested a diagnosis of COVID-19. All patients had peripheral ground-glass opacities and/or lung consolidations in more than two pulmonary lobes. Lung lesions were characterized by a high 18F-FDG uptake and there was evidence of lymph node involvement. Conversely, disseminated disease was absent, a finding suggesting that COVID-19 has pulmonary tropism. Although 18F-FDG PET/CT cannot be routinely used in an emergency setting and is generally not recommended for infectious diseases, our pilot data shed light on the potential clinical utility of this imaging technique in the differential diagnosis of complex cases."}, {"pmid": 32445559, "title": "Whole nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 may cause false positive results in serological assays.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yamaoka, Yutaro", "Jeremiah, Sundararaj S", "Miyakawa, Kei", "Saji, Ryo", "Nishii, Mototsugu", "Takeuchi, Ichiro", "Ryo, Akihide"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445559", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501505, "title": "Caring for Women Who Are Planning a Pregnancy, Pregnant, or Postpartum During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rasmussen, Sonja A", "Jamieson, Denise J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501505", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478708, "title": "Curbing Misinformation and Disinformation in the COVID-19 Era: A View from Cuba.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Alonso-Galban, Patricia", "Alemany-Castilla, Claudia"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478708", "countries": ["Cuba", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 health crisis engulfs the planet, we are sub-merged in a parallel pandemic: the glut of misinformation and disinformation. The data associated with this phenomenon are creating a disaster within a disaster. In early April 2020, the Span-ish news agency EFE[1] reported that over one million internet ac-counts were dedicated to rumor-mongering, spreading unverifi ed information about the coronavirus. From January through April 13, fact-checkers at Maldita.es[2] had tracked over 400 lies and false alerts circulated about COVID-19 in Spain alone."}, {"pmid": 32292881, "pmcid": "PMC7146059", "title": "Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses.", "journal": "Cell Stress", "authors": ["Raoult, Didier", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Locatelli, Franco", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Kroemer, Guido"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292881", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses. Four human CoVs (HCoVs), the non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like HCoVs (namely HCoV 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1), are globally endemic and account for a substantial fraction of upper respiratory tract infections. Non-SARS-like CoV can occasionally produce severe diseases in frail subjects but do not cause any major (fatal) epidemics. In contrast, SARS like CoVs (namely SARS-CoV and Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV) can cause intense short-lived fatal outbreaks. The current epidemic caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 and its rapid spread globally is of major concern. There is scanty knowledge on the actual pandemic potential of this new SARS-like virus. It might be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is grossly underdiagnosed and that the infection is silently spreading across the globe with two consequences: (i) clusters of severe infections among frail subjects could haphazardly occur linked to unrecognized index cases; (ii) the current epidemic could naturally fall into a low-level endemic phase when a significant number of subjects will have developed immunity. Understanding the role of paucisymptomatic subjects and stratifying patients according to the risk of developing severe clinical presentations is pivotal for implementing reasonable measures to contain the infection and to reduce its mortality. Whilst the future evolution of this epidemic remains unpredictable, classic public health strategies must follow rational patterns. The emergence of yet another global epidemic underscores the permanent challenges that infectious diseases pose and underscores the need for global cooperation and preparedness, even during inter-epidemic periods."}, {"pmid": 32440984, "pmcid": "PMC7240805", "title": "Ethics in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Arora, Ananya", "Arora, Anmol"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440984", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302535, "pmcid": "PMC7156243", "title": "COVID-19: health literacy is an underestimated problem.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Paakkari, Leena", "Okan, Orkan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372818, "pmcid": "PMC7195268", "title": "Men hit harder by covid-19.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Lawton, Graham"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372818", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From lifestyle to immune system differences, there are a number of reasons why men may be more affected by covid-19, reports Graham Lawton."}, {"pmid": 32352310, "title": "Atypical Imaging Findings in Leukemia With SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Zhou, Shuchang", "Wu, Gang"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352310", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491983, "title": "Effectiveness of N95 Respirator Decontamination and Reuse against SARS-CoV-2 Virus.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Fischer, Robert J", "Morris, Dylan H", "van Doremalen, Neeltje", "Sarchette, Shanda", "Matson, M Jeremiah", "Bushmaker, Trenton", "Yinda, Claude Kwe", "Seifert, Stephanie N", "Gamble, Amandine", "Williamson, Brandi N", "Judson, Seth D", "de Wit, Emmie", "Lloyd-Smith, James O", "Munster, Vincent J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491983", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic has created worldwide shortages of N95 respirators. We analyzed 4 decontamination methods for effectiveness in deactivating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus and effect on respirator function. Our results indicate that N95 respirators can be decontaminated and reused, but the integrity of respirator fit and seal must be maintained."}, {"pmid": 32417210, "pmcid": "PMC7224669", "title": "The underlying changes and predicting role of peripheral blood inflammatory cells in severe COVID-19 patients: A sentinel?", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Sun, Da-Wei", "Zhang, Dong", "Tian, Run-Hui", "Li, Yang", "Wang, Yu-Shi", "Cao, Jie", "Tang, Ying", "Zhang, Nan", "Zan, Tao", "Gao, Lan", "Huang, Yan-Zhu", "Cui, Chang-Lei", "Wang, Dong-Xuan", "Zheng, Yang", "Lv, Guo-Yue"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417210", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The underlying changes of peripheral blood inflammatory cells (PBICs) in COVID-19 patients are little known. Moreover, the risk factors for the underlying changes of PBICs and their predicting role in severe COVID-19 patients remain uncertain. This retrospective study including two cohorts: the main cohort enrolling 45 patients of severe type serving as study group, and the secondary cohort enrolling 12 patients of no-severe type serving as control group. The PBICs analysis was based on blood routine and lymphocyte subsets. The inflammatory cell levels were compared among patients according to clinical classifications, disease-associated phases, as well as one-month outcomes. Compared with patients of non-severe type, the patients of severe type suffered from significantly decreased counts of lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, but increased counts of neutrophils. These PBICs alterations got improved in recovery phase, but persisted or got worse in aggravated phase. Compared with patients in discharged group, the patients in un-discharged/died group suffered from decreased counts of total T lymphocytes, CD4\u00a0+\u00a0T lymphocytes, CD8\u00a0+\u00a0T lymphocytes, as well as NK cells at 2\u00a0weeks after treatment. Clinical classification-critically severe was the independently risk factor for lymphopenia (OR\u00a0=\u00a07.701, 95%CI:1.265-46.893, P\u00a0=\u00a00.027), eosinopenia (OR\u00a0=\u00a05.595, 95%CI:1.008-31.054, P\u00a0=\u00a00.049), and worse one-month outcome (OR\u00a0=\u00a08.984; 95%CI:1.021-79.061, P\u00a0=\u00a00.048). Lymphopenia and eosinopenia may serve as predictors of disease severity and disease progression in COVID-19 patients, and enhancing the cellular immunity may contribute to COVID-19 treatment. Thus, PBICs might become a sentinel of COVID-19, and it deserves attention during COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32398170, "pmcid": "PMC7262110", "title": "Critical care transport in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Tien, Homer", "Sawadsky, Bruce", "Lewell, Michael", "Peddle, Michael", "Durham, Wade"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398170", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Critical care transport organizations are nimble, operationally focused institutions that can aid in managing crises. Ornge provides air ambulance and critical care transport services to Ontario. From 12 bases, Ornge operates four PC-12 Next Generation fixed wing (FW) aircraft, eight AW-139 rotary wing (RW) aircraft, and four critical care land ambulances (CCLA) on a 24/7 basis. Ornge also contracts with private air carriers to provide lower acuity air ambulance services. Ornge performs over 20,000 patient-related transports annually. We discuss Ornge's approach to preparing for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and identify potential unconventional roles."}, {"pmid": 32397487, "title": "Saliva-Friend and Foe in the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Han, Pingping", "Ivanovski, Saso"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397487", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global ongoing pandemic. Timely, accurate and non-invasive SARS-CoV-2 detection in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, as well as determination of their immune status, will facilitate effective large-scale pandemic control measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Saliva is a biofluid whose anatomical source and location is of particularly strategic relevance to COVID-19 transmission and monitoring. This review focuses on the role of saliva as both a foe (a common mode of viral transmission via salivary droplets and potentially aerosols) and a friend (as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for viral detection and immune status surveillance) in combating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32100487, "pmcid": "PMC7113450", "title": "Emergent Strategies for the Next Phase of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Huh, Kyungmin", "Shin, Hyoung Shik", "Peck, Kyong Ran"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100487", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494568, "pmcid": "PMC7258885", "title": "Corrigendum to \"Coronavirus Disease-19: The First 7,755 Cases in the Republic of Korea\" [Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020;11(2):85-90].", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494568", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[This corrects the article on p. 85 in vol. 11, PMID: 32257774.]."}, {"pmid": 32395796, "title": "The impact of covid-19 on business: how to deal with it.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Chtourou, Wafi"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395796", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496263, "title": "Factors affecting the adoption of telemedicine during COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Mishra, Vinaytosh"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496263", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has put restriction of travel, and social distancing has become a new normal. This outbreak of the pandemic has made telemedicine more relevant than ever. The objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting the rate of adoption of telemedicine and effect of the COVID-19 on these factors. The research develops five hypotheses to test the influence of a disease outbreak on the rate of telemedicine adoption. The method used for the study is the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the sampling method used for the study is purposive sampling. The respondents were taken from a multispecialty clinic in North India and the sample size for the study is 43. The study concludes that patients are seeing more value in the use of telemedicine during COVID-19. They are more willing to experiment with telemedicine and are not intimidated by the technology related to telemedicine."}, {"pmid": 32342874, "pmcid": "PMC7169900", "title": "Low dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia: A double-edged sword.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Kefayat, Amirhosein", "Ghahremani, Fatemeh"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342874", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295323, "title": "[Expert consensus on sleep study and non-invasive positive airway pressure therapy during the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295323", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, close unprotected contact, and intense aerosols-generating procedures. Sleep study and non-invasive positive airway pressure (NIPAP) therapy can increase the risk of exposure and transmission of new coronaviruses to medical staff and patients. China's national epidemic control has entered a critical stage of overall prevention and control together with the restoration of normal medical care delivery. Based on the characteristics of sleep-disordered breathing, this consensus elaborates on the recommendations from the following four aspects that include patient and medical staff education, optimization of diagnostic and treatment protocols, sterilization of medical devices and the environment, and control of hospital-acquired infection. It is emphasized that the indications for sleep study and NIPAP should be strictly defined according to the local epidemic situation. Portable home sleep study and auto-titration positive airway pressure is recommended. The applications of disposable nasal pressure transducer for sleep study and disposable or personal masks and ventilator tubing for NIPAP are strongly suggested. Moreover, it is necessary to standardize the procedure of NIPAP, to separate the functional divisions in sleep lab, to comply with the protection regulations for medical personnel, and to strengthen the cleaning and disinfection management."}, {"pmid": 32365180, "pmcid": "PMC7239105", "title": "Potential influence of COVID-19/ACE2 on the female reproductive system.", "journal": "Mol Hum Reprod", "authors": ["Jing, Yan", "Run-Qian, Li", "Hao-Ran, Wang", "Hao-Ran, Chen", "Ya-Bin, Liu", "Yang, Gao", "Fei, Chen"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365180", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) appeared in December 2019 and then spread throughout the world rapidly. The virus invades the target cell by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 and modulates the expression of ACE2 in host cells. ACE2, a pivotal component of the renin-angiotensin system, exerts its physiological functions by modulating the levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) and Ang-(1-7). We reviewed the literature that reported the distribution and function of ACE2 in the female reproductive system, hoping to clarify the potential harm of 2019-nCoV to female fertility. The available evidence suggests that ACE2 is widely expressed in the ovary, uterus, vagina and placenta. Therefore, we believe that apart from droplets and contact transmission, the possibility of mother-to-child and sexual transmission also exists. Ang II, ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) regulate follicle development and ovulation, modulate luteal angiogenesis and degeneration, and also influence the regular changes in endometrial tissue and embryo development. Taking these functions into account, 2019-nCoV may disturb the female reproductive functions through regulating ACE2."}, {"pmid": 32501133, "title": "Vaccine repurposing approach for preventing COVID 19: can MMR vaccines reduce morbidity and mortality?", "journal": "Hum Vaccin Immunother", "authors": ["Anbarasu, Anand", "Ramaiah, Sudha", "Livingstone, Paul"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501133", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is resulting in millions of infected individuals with several hundred thousands dead throughout the world. Amidst all the havoc, one interesting observation in the present COVID-19 pandemic is the negligible symptoms in the young; particularly children below 10\u00a0years of age. We assume the extensive pediatric vaccination with MMR vaccines followed globally could have resulted in innate immune responses, e.g., induction of interferons (IFNs) and activated natural killer (NK) cells, thereby offering natural immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the young population. Possible cross-protective innate immunity offered by MMR vaccination prompted us to suggest repurposing MMR vaccination for immuno-prophylaxis against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32506593, "title": "The risk of hand eczema in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Do we need specific attention or prevention strategies?", "journal": "Contact Dermatitis", "authors": ["Erdem, Yasemin", "Altunay, Ilknur Kivanc", "Aksu Cerman, Asli", "Inal, Sena", "Ugurer, Ece", "Sivaz, Onur", "Kaya, Hazel Ezgi", "Gulsunay, Ilayda Esna", "Sekerlisoy, Gul", "Vural, Osman", "Ozkaya, Esen"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506593", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437340, "title": "Decline in Child Vaccination Coverage During the COVID-19 Pandemic - Michigan Care Improvement Registry, May 2016-May 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Bramer, Cristi A", "Kimmins, Lynsey M", "Swanson, Robert", "Kuo, Jeremy", "Vranesich, Patricia", "Jacques-Carroll, Lisa A", "Shen, Angela K"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437340", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national state of emergency to control the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1). Public health response measures to mitigate the pandemic have centered on social distancing and quarantine policies, including shelter-in-place and stay-at-home orders. Michigan implemented a stay-at-home order on March 23, 2020, to facilitate social distancing (2). Such strategies might result in decreased accessibility to routine immunization services, leaving children at risk for vaccine-preventable diseases and their complications (3). To evaluate whether vaccination coverage has changed during the pandemic, data from the Michigan Care Improvement Registry (the state's immunization information system) (MCIR) were analyzed. Changes in vaccine doses administered to children and the effects of those changes on up-to-date status were examined for vaccinations recommended at milestone ages corresponding to the end of an Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendation period for one or more vaccines (4)."}, {"pmid": 32338710, "title": "COVID-19 and Risks Posed to Personnel During Endotracheal Intubation.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Weissman, David N", "de Perio, Marie A", "Radonovich, Lewis J Jr"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338710", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497691, "pmcid": "PMC7263222", "title": "A Potential Hidden Reservoir: The Role of Nail Hygiene in Preventing Transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Wu, Albert G", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497691", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346659, "pmcid": "PMC7186120", "title": "Acute Kidney Injury Due to Collapsing Glomerulopathy Following COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Kidney Int Rep", "authors": ["Peleg, Yonatan", "Kudose, Satoru", "D'Agati, Vivette", "Siddall, Eric", "Ahmad, Syeda", "Kisselev, Sergey", "Gharavi, Ali", "Canetta, Pietro"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346659", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474657, "pmcid": "PMC7260459", "title": "COVID-19-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Parsons, Timothy", "Banks, Sarah", "Bae, Chay", "Gelber, Joel", "Alahmadi, Hussein", "Tichauer, Matthew"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474657", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 51-year-old woman with COVID-19 infection developed coma and an impaired oculocephalic response to one side. MRI of the brain demonstrated acute multifocal demyelinating lesions, and CSF testing did not identify a direct cerebral infection. High-dose steroids followed by a course of IVIG was administered, and the patient regained consciousness over the course of several weeks. As more patients reach the weeks after initial infection with COVID-19, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis should be considered a potentially treatable cause of profound encephalopathy or multifocal neurological deficits."}, {"pmid": 32437646, "pmcid": "PMC7234789", "title": "COVID-19 and the impact of social determinants of health.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Abrams, Elissa M", "Szefler, Stanley J"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437646", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422229, "pmcid": "PMC7228873", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on cardiology and its subspecialty training.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Goel, Sunny", "Sharma, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422229", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516623, "title": "Children's mortality from COVID-19 compared with all-deaths and other relevant causes of death: epidemiological information for decision-making by parents, teachers, clinicians and policymakers.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Bhopal, S", "Bagaria, J", "Bhopal, R"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317220, "pmcid": "PMC7164894", "title": "The anti-viral facet of anti-rheumatic drugs: Lessons from COVID-19.", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Perricone, Carlo", "Triggianese, Paola", "Bartoloni, Elena", "Cafaro, Giacomo", "Bonifacio, Angelo F", "Bursi, Roberto", "Perricone, Roberto", "Gerli, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317220", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has posed the world at a pandemic risk. Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which causes pneumonia, requires intensive care unit hospitalization in about 10% of cases and can lead to a fatal outcome. Several efforts are currently made to find a treatment for COVID-19 patients. So far, several anti-viral and immunosuppressive or immunomodulating drugs have demonstrated some efficacy on COVID-19 both in vitro and in animal models as well as in cases series. In COVID-19 patients a pro-inflammatory status with high levels of interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-1 receptor (R)A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 has been demonstrated. Moreover, high levels of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 have been observed in patients requiring intensive-care-unit hospitalization. This provided rationale for the use of anti-rheumatic drugs as potential treatments for this severe viral infection. Other agents, such as hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine might have a direct anti-viral effect. The anti-viral aspect of immunosuppressants towards a variety of viruses has been known since long time and it is herein discussed in the view of searching for a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32211830, "title": "Preserving Clinical Trial Integrity During the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["McDermott, Mary M", "Newman, Anne B"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211830", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268928, "pmcid": "PMC7184143", "title": "Coronavirus epidemic and geriatric mental healthcare in China: how a coordinated response by professional organizations helped older adults during an unprecedented crisis.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Wang, Huali", "Li, Tao", "Gauthier, Serge", "Yu, Enyan", "Tang, Yanqing", "Barbarino, Paola", "Yu, Xin"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268928", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374032, "pmcid": "PMC7267165", "title": "Letter: intestinal inflammation, COVID-19 and gastrointestinal ACE2-exploring RAS inhibitors.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Garg, Mayur", "Royce, Simon G", "Lubel, John S"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374032", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467411, "title": "On Patient Safety: COVID-19 Exposes the Dangerous State of Drug and Device Supply Chains.", "journal": "Clin Orthop Relat Res", "authors": ["Rickert, James"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467411", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388681, "pmcid": "PMC7211050", "title": "A safe approach to surgery for pituitary and skull base lesions during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Kolias, Angelos", "Tysome, James", "Donnelly, Neil", "Sharma, Rishi", "Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni", "Budohoski, Karol", "Karcheva, Silvia", "Adapa, Ram", "Lawes, Indu", "Gurnell, Mark", "Hutchinson, Peter", "Bance, Manohar", "Axon, Patrick", "Santarius, Thomas", "Mannion, Richard J"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388681", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445283, "pmcid": "PMC7267087", "title": "Atypical erythema nodosum in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Ordieres-Ortega, L", "Toledo-Samaniego, N", "Parra-Virto, A", "Fernandez-Carracedo, E", "Lavilla-Olleros, C", "Demelo-Rodriguez, P"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445283", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473194, "pmcid": "PMC7251403", "title": "Liver tests abnormalities in COVID-19: trick or treat?", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Vespa, Edoardo", "Pugliese, Nicola", "Piovani, Daniele", "Capogreco, Antonio", "Danese, Silvio", "Aghemo, Alessio"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473194", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247066, "pmcid": "PMC7118621", "title": "Recommendations for the surgical management of gynecological cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic - FRANCOGYN group for the CNGOF.", "journal": "J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod", "authors": ["Akladios, Cherif", "Azais, Henri", "Ballester, Marcos", "Bendifallah, Sofiane", "Bolze, Pierre-Adrien", "Bourdel, Nicolas", "Bricou, Alexandre", "Canlorbe, Geoffroy", "Carcopino, Xavier", "Chauvet, Pauline", "Collinet, Pierre", "Coutant, Charles", "Dabi, Yohann", "Dion, Ludivine", "Gauthier, Tristan", "Graesslin, Olivier", "Huchon, Cyrille", "Koskas, Martin", "Kridelka, Frederic", "Lavoue, Vincent", "Lecointre, Lise", "Mezzadri, Matthieu", "Mimoun, Camille", "Ouldamer, Lobna", "Raimond, Emilie", "Touboul, Cyril"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247066", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, specific recommendations are required for the management of patients with gynecologic cancer. The FRANCOGYN group of the National College of French Gynecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF) convened to develop recommendations based on the consensus conference model. If a patient with a gynecologic cancer presents with COVID-19, surgical management should be postponed for at least 15 days. For cervical cancer, radiotherapy and concomitant radiochemotherapy could replace surgery as first-line treatment and the value of lymph node staging should be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. For advanced ovarian cancers, neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be preferred over primary cytoreduction surgery. It is legitimate not to perform hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. For patients who are scheduled to undergo interval surgery, chemotherapy can be continued and surgery performed after 6 cycles. For patients with early stage endometrial cancer of low and intermediate preoperative ESMO risk, hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy combined with a sentinel lymph node procedure is recommended. Surgery can be postponed for 1-2 months in low-risk endometrial cancers (FIGO Ia stage on MRI and grade 1-2 endometrioid cancer on endometrial biopsy). For patients of high ESMO risk, the MSKCC algorithm (combining PET-CT and sentinel lymph node biopsy) should be applied to avoid pelvic and lumbar-aortic lymphadenectomy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, management of a patient with cancer should be adapted to limit the risks associated with the virus without incurring loss of chance."}, {"pmid": 32379747, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and rural generalism: the West Coast's rural workforce solution.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Marshall, Brendan", "Aileone, Laura"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379747", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515125, "title": "Between Fear and Courage: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behavior of Liver Transplantation Recipients and Waiting List Candidates during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Reuken, Philipp Alexander", "Rauchfuss, Falk", "Albers, Stefanie", "Settmacher, Utz", "Trautwein, Christian", "Bruns, Tony", "Stallmach, Andreas"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515125", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with chronic liver disease and patients after solid organ transplantation (SOT) are vulnerable to severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We evaluated fears, attitudes, and opinions associated with COVID-19 in 365 SOT recipients (95% liver, 5% pancreas/kidney), 112 SOT candidates, and 394 immediate household contacts in two German transplant centers. Seven (1.5%) patients and 10 (2.5%) controls had contact to confirmed COVID-19 cases. Fear of infection with SARS-CoV-2 was expressed by 65% SOT recipients and by 55% SOT candidates. SOT recipients had higher levels of fear of infection and more often wore personal protective gear than household controls. Female gender, steroid treatment, and using the local newspaper as a primary source of information were independently associated with expressed fear of infection in SOT recipients. Younger age and more recent transplantation correlated with concerns of severe COVID-19 expressed by patients and with concerns of worse medical care expressed by household controls. One third of the patients expressed fear that immunosuppression could worsen COVID-19 but only 15% used the transplantation center as a source of information. These data show that fears associated with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are frequently expressed but measures to prevent infection are frequently followed patients before and after SOT."}, {"pmid": 32509416, "pmcid": "PMC7272216", "title": "Acute Respiratory Decompensation Requiring Intubation in Pregnant Women with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "AJP Rep", "authors": ["Silverstein, Jenna S", "Limaye, Meghana A", "Brubaker, Sara G", "Roman, Ashley S", "Bautista, Judita", "Chervenak, Judith", "Ratner, Adam J", "Sommer, Philip M", "Roselli, Nicole M", "Gibson, Charlisa D", "Ellenberg, David", "Penfield, Christina A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509416", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a current paucity of information about the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnant novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in North America. Data from China suggest that pregnant women with COVID-19 have favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes, with rare cases of critical illness or respiratory compromise. However, we report two cases of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 in the late preterm period admitted to tertiary care hospitals in New York City for respiratory indications. After presenting with mild symptoms, both quickly developed worsening respiratory distress requiring intubation, and both delivered preterm via caesarean delivery. These cases highlight the potential for rapid respiratory decompensation in pregnant COVID-19 patients and the maternal-fetal considerations in managing these cases."}, {"pmid": 32329010, "pmcid": "PMC7176572", "title": "Thanks to all medical workers fighting against COVID-19.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Chen, Xiao-Ping"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329010", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484933, "title": "In Response to COVID-19 and the Otolaryngologist: Preliminary Evidence-Based Review.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["Vukkadala, Neelaysh", "Rosenthal, Eben", "Patel, Zara M"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484933", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482759, "title": "Endotracheal intubation with barrier protection.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Jazuli, Farah", "Bilic, Monika", "Hanel, Erich", "Ha, Michael", "Hassall, Kelly", "Trotter, Brendon Gordon"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482759", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the high risk of healthcare worker (HCW) infection with COVID-19 during aerosol-generating medical procedures, the use of a box barrier during intubation for protection of HCWs has been examined. Previous simulation work has demonstrated its efficacy in protecting HCWs from cough-expelled droplets. Our objective was to assess its ability to protect HCWs against aerosols generated during aerosol-generating medical procedures. We used a battery-powered vapouriser to assess movement of vapour with: (1) no barrier; (2) a box barrier; and (3) a box barrier and a plastic sheet covering the box and patient's body. We visualised the trajectory of vapour and saw that the vapour remained within the barrier space when the box barrier and plastic sheet were used. This is in contrast to the box barrier alone, where vapour diffused towards the feet of the patient and throughout the room, and to no barrier where the vapour immediately diffused to the laryngoscopist. This demonstrates that the box with the plastic sheet has the potential to limit the spread of aerosols towards the laryngoscopist, and thus may play a role in protecting HCWs during aerosol-generating medical procedures. This is of particular importance in the care of patients with suspected COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32296824, "pmcid": "PMC7184338", "title": "A Tool to Early Predict Severe Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) : A Multicenter Study using the Risk Nomogram in Wuhan and Guangdong, China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gong, Jiao", "Ou, Jingyi", "Qiu, Xueping", "Jie, Yusheng", "Chen, Yaqiong", "Yuan, Lianxiong", "Cao, Jing", "Tan, Mingkai", "Xu, Wenxiong", "Zheng, Fang", "Shi, Yaling", "Hu, Bo"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296824", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to no reliable risk stratification tool for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients at admission, we aimed to construct an effective model for early identification of cases at high risk of progression to severe COVID-19. In this retrospective three-centers study, 372 non-severe COVID-19 patients during hospitalization were followed for more than 15 days after admission. Patients who deteriorated to severe or critical COVID-19 and patients who kept non-severe state were assigned to the severe and non-severe group, respectively. Based on baseline data of the two groups, we constructed a risk prediction nomogram for severe COVID-19 and evaluated its performance. The training cohort consisted of 189 patients, while the two independent validation cohorts consisted of 165 and 18 patients. Among all cases, 72 (19.35%) patients developed severe COVID-19. We found that old age, and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width, blood urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, lower albumin, are associated with severe COVID-19. We generated the nomogram for early identifying severe COVID-19 in the training cohort (AUC 0.912 [95% CI 0.846-0.978], sensitivity 85.71%, specificity 87.58%); in validation cohort (0.853 [0.790-0.916], 77.5%, 78.4%). The calibration curve for probability of severe COVID-19 showed optimal agreement between prediction by nomogram and actual observation. Decision curve and clinical impact curve analysis indicated that nomogram conferred high clinical net benefit. Our nomogram could help clinicians to early identify patients who will exacerbate to severe COVID-19, which will enable better centralized management and early treatment of severe patients."}, {"pmid": 32501511, "title": "Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Maharaj, Anil R", "Wu, Huali", "Hornik, Christoph P", "Balevic, Stephen J", "Hornik, Chi D", "Smith, P Brian", "Gonzalez, Daniel", "Zimmerman, Kanecia O", "Benjamin, Daniel K Jr", "Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501511", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Children of all ages appear susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. To support pediatric clinical studies for investigational treatments of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), pediatric-specific dosing is required. To define pediatric-specific dosing regimens for hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir for COVID-19 treatment. Pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation were used to extrapolate investigated adult dosages toward children (March 2020-April 2020). Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling was used to inform pediatric dosing for hydroxychloroquine. For remdesivir, pediatric dosages were derived using allometric-scaling with age-dependent exponents. Dosing simulations were conducted using simulated pediatric and adult participants based on the demographics of a white US population. Simulated drug exposures following a 5-day course of hydroxychloroquine (400 mg every 12 hours \u00d7 2 doses followed by 200 mg every 12 hours \u00d7 8 doses) and a single 200-mg intravenous dose of remdesivir were computed for simulated adult participants. A simulation-based dose-ranging study was conducted in simulated children exploring different absolute and weight-normalized dosing strategies. The primary outcome for hydroxychloroquine was average unbound plasma concentrations for 5 treatment days. Additionally, unbound interstitial lung concentrations were simulated. For remdesivir, the primary outcome was plasma exposure (area under the curve, 0 to infinity) following single-dose administration. For hydroxychloroquine, the physiologically based pharmacokinetic model analysis included 500 and 600 simulated white adult and pediatric participants, respectively, and supported weight-normalized dosing for children weighing less than 50 kg. Geometric mean-simulated average unbound plasma concentration values among children within different developmental age groups (32-35 ng/mL) were congruent to adults (32 ng/mL). Simulated unbound hydroxychloroquine concentrations in lung interstitial fluid mirrored those in unbound plasma and were notably lower than in vitro concentrations needed to mediate antiviral activity. For remdesivir, the analysis included 1000 and 6000 simulated adult and pediatric participants, respectively. The proposed pediatric dosing strategy supported weight-normalized dosing for participants weighing less than 60 kg. Geometric mean-simulated plasma area under the time curve 0 to infinity values among children within different developmental age-groups (4315-5027 ng\u2009\u00d7\u2009h/mL) were similar to adults (4398 ng\u2009\u00d7\u2009h/mL). This analysis provides pediatric-specific dosing suggestions for hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir and raises concerns regarding hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 treatment because concentrations were less than those needed to mediate an antiviral effect."}, {"pmid": 32311114, "pmcid": "PMC7264511", "title": "Management challenges for chronic dysimmune neuropathies during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Rajabally, Yusuf A", "Goedee, H Stephan", "Attarian, Shahram", "Hartung, Hans-Peter"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311114", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the need to re-think the delivery of services to patients with chronic dysimmune neuropathies. Telephone/video consultations have become widespread but have compounded concerns about objective evaluation. Therapeutic decisions need, more than ever before, to be considered in the best interests of both patients, and society, while not denying function-preserving/restoring treatment. Immunoglobulin therapy and plasma exchange, for those treated outside of the home, expose patients to the hazards of hospital or outpatient infusion centers. Steroid therapy initiation and continuation pose increased infectious risk. Immunosuppressant therapy similarly becomes highly problematic, with the risks of treatment continuation enhanced by uncertainties regarding duration of the pandemic. The required processes necessitate considerable time and effort especially as resources and staff are re-deployed to face the pandemic, but are essential for protecting this group of patients and as an integral part of wider public health actions."}, {"pmid": 32227091, "pmcid": "PMC7184369", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Progression Course in 17 Discharged Patients: Comparison of Clinical and Thin-Section CT Features During Recovery.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Han, Xiaoyu", "Cao, Yukun", "Jiang, Nanchuan", "Chen, Yan", "Alwalid, Osamah", "Zhang, Xin", "Gu, Jin", "Dai, Meng", "Liu, Jie", "Zhu, Wanyue", "Zheng, Chuansheng", "Shi, Heshui"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227091", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To retrospectively analyze the evolution of clinical features and thin-section CT imaging of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in 17 discharged patients. Serial thin-section CT scans of 17 discharged patients with COVID-19 were obtained during recovery. Longitudinal changes of clinical parameters and CT pattern were documented in all patients during 4 weeks since admission. CT score was used to evaluate the extent of the disease. There was a marked improvement of fever, lymphocytes count, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate within the first two weeks since admission. However, the mean CT score rapidly increased from the 1st to 3rd week, with a top score of 8.2 obtained in the 2nd week. During the 1st week, the main CT pattern was ground-glass opacities (GGO,76.5%). The frequency of GGO (52.9%) decreased in the 2nd week. Consolidation and mixed patterns (47.0%) were noted in the 2nd week. Thereafter, consolidations generally dissipated into GGO and the frequency of GGO increased in the 3rd week (76.5%) and 4th week (71.4%). Opacities were mainly located in the peripheral (76.5%), subpleural (47.1%) zones of the lungs, and presented as focal (35.3%) or multifocal (29.4%) in the 1st week and became more diffuse in the 2nd (47.1%) and 3rd week (58.8%), then showed reduced extent in 4th week (50%). The progression course of CT pattern was later than the clinical parameters within the first two weeks since admission; however, there was a synchronized improvement in both clinical and radiologic features in the 4th week."}, {"pmid": 32152001, "title": "Covid-19: emergency departments lack proper isolation facilities, senior medic warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152001", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32024089, "pmcid": "PMC7074332", "title": "Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Musa, Salihu S", "Lin, Qianying", "Ran, Jinjun", "Yang, Guangpu", "Wang, Weiming", "Lou, Yijun", "Yang, Lin", "Gao, Daozhou", "He, Daihai", "Wang, Maggie H"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32024089", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan, China and has swiftly spread to other parts of China and a number of foreign countries. The 2019-nCoV cases might have been under-reported roughly from 1 to 15 January 2020, and thus we estimated the number of unreported cases and the basic reproduction number, R0, of 2019-nCoV. We modelled the epidemic curve of 2019-nCoV cases, in mainland China from 1 December 2019 to 24 January 2020 through the exponential growth. The number of unreported cases was determined by the maximum likelihood estimation. We used the serial intervals (SI) of infection caused by two other well-known coronaviruses (CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) CoVs, as approximations of the unknown SI for 2019-nCoV to estimate R0. We confirmed that the initial growth phase followed an exponential growth pattern. The under-reporting was likely to have resulted in 469 (95% CI: 403-540) unreported cases from 1 to 15 January 2020. The reporting rate after 17 January 2020 was likely to have increased 21-fold (95% CI: 18-25) in comparison to the situation from 1 to 17 January 2020 on average. We estimated the R0 of 2019-nCoV at 2.56 (95% CI: 2.49-2.63). The under-reporting was likely to have occurred during the first half of January 2020 and should be considered in future investigation."}, {"pmid": 32102625, "pmcid": "PMC7054964", "title": "Detectable 2019-nCoV viral RNA in blood is a strong indicator for the further clinical severity.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Weilie", "Lan, Yun", "Yuan, Xiaozhen", "Deng, Xilong", "Li, Yueping", "Cai, Xiaoli", "Li, Liya", "He, Ruiying", "Tan, Yizhou", "Deng, Xizi", "Gao, Ming", "Tang, Guofang", "Zhao, Lingzhai", "Wang, Jinlin", "Fan, Qinghong", "Wen, Chunyan", "Tong, Yuwei", "Tang, Yangbo", "Hu, Fengyu", "Li, Feng", "Tang, Xiaoping"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32102625", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection caused pneumonia. we retrospectively analyzed the virus presence in the pharyngeal swab, blood, and the anal swab detected by real-time PCR in the clinical lab. Unexpectedly, the 2109-nCoV RNA was readily detected in the blood (6 of 57 patients) and the anal swabs (11 of 28 patients). Importantly, all of the 6 patients with detectable viral RNA in the blood cohort progressed to severe symptom stage, indicating a strong correlation of serum viral RNA with the disease severity (p-value\u2009=\u20090.0001). Meanwhile, 8 of the 11 patients with annal swab virus-positive was in severe clinical stage. However, the concentration of viral RNA in the anal swab (Ct value\u2009=\u200924\u2009+\u200939) was higher than in the blood (Ct value\u2009=\u200934\u2009+\u200939) from patient 2, suggesting that the virus might replicate in the digestive tract. Altogether, our results confirmed the presence of virus RNA in extra-pulmonary sites."}, {"pmid": 32364692, "title": "Medical Education in Turkey in Time of COVID-19", "journal": "Balkan Med J", "authors": ["Tokuc, Burcu", "Varol, Gamze"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364692", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199877, "pmcid": "PMC7156123", "title": "Global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): disease incidence, daily cumulative index, mortality, and their association with country healthcare resources and economic status.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Lai, Chih-Cheng", "Wang, Cheng-Yi", "Wang, Ya-Hui", "Hsueh, Shun-Chung", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199877", "countries": ["Italy", "India", "China", "Japan", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been 2 months since the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China. So far, COVID-19 has affected 85 403 patients in 57 countries/territories and has caused 2924 deaths in 9 countries. However, epidemiological data differ between countries. Although China had higher morbidity and mortality than other sites, the number of new daily cases in China has been lower than outside of China since 26 February 2020. The incidence ranged from 61.44 per 1 000 000 people in the Republic of Korea to 0.0002 per 1 000 000 people in India. The daily cumulative index (DCI) of COVID-19 (cumulative cases/no. of days between the first reported case and 29 February 2020) was greatest in China (1320.85), followed by the Republic of Korea (78.78), Iran (43.11) and Italy (30.62). However, the DCIs in other countries/territories were <10 per day. Several effective measures including restricting travel from China, controlling the distribution of masks, extensive investigation of COVID-19 spread, and once-daily press conferences by the government to inform and educate people were aggressively conducted in Taiwan. This is probably the reason why there was only 39 cases (as of 29 February 2020) with a DCI of 1 case per day in Taiwan, which is much lower than that of nearby countries such as the Republic of Korea and Japan. In addition, the incidence and mortality were correlated with the DCI. However, further study and continued monitoring are needed to better understand the underlying mechanism of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32462344, "pmcid": "PMC7251798", "title": "Adapting Substance Use Treatment for HIV Affected Communities During COVID-19: Comparisons Between a Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Clinic and a Local Community Based Organization.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Rogers, Brooke G", "Arnold, Trisha", "Schierberl Scherr, Anna", "Strong, Sabrina H", "Holcomb, Rich", "Daley Ndoye, Colleen", "Pinkston, Megan", "Chan, Philip A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462344", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451936, "pmcid": "PMC7246957", "title": "Response to children's physical and mental needs during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiao-Bo", "Gui, Yong-Hao", "Xu, Xiu", "Zhu, Da-Qian", "Zhai, Yi-Hui", "Ge, Xiao-Ling", "Xu, Hong"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451936", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271599, "title": "COVID19 Prevention & Care; A Cancer Specific Guideline.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Motlagh, Ali", "Yamrali, Maisa", "Azghandi, Samira", "Azadeh, Payam", "Vaezi, Mohammad", "Ashrafi, Farzaneh", "Zendehdel, Kazem", "Mirzaei, Hamidreza", "Basi, Ali", "Rakhsha, Afshin", "Seifi, Sharareh", "Tabatabaeefar, Morteza", "Elahi, Ahmad", "Pirjani, Pouneh", "Moadab Shoar, Leila", "Nadarkhani, Faranak", "Khoshabi, Mostafa", "Bahar, Massih", "Esfahani, Fatemeh", "Fudazi, Hossein", "Samiei, Farhad", "Farazmand, Borna", "Ahmari, Azin", "Vand Rajabpour, Mojtaba", "Janbabaei, Ghasem", "Raisi, Alireza", "Ostovar, Afshin", "Malekzadeh, Reza"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271599", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11th 2020, the coronavirus outbreak was declared a pandemic by the WHO. One of the groups that is considered high risk in this pandemic are cancer patients as they are treated with a variety of immune system suppressor treatment modalities and this puts them in a great risk for infectious disease (including COVID-19). Therefore, cancer patients require higher level measures for preventing and treating infectious diseases. furthermore, cancer patients may bear additional risk due to the restriction of access to the routine diagnostic and therapeutic services during such epidemic. Since most of the attention of health systems is towards patients affected with COVID-19, the need for structured and unified approaches to COVID-19 prevention and care specific to cancer patients and cancer centers is felt more than ever. This article provides the recommendations and possible actions that should be considered by patients, their caregivers and families, physician, nurses, managers and staff of medical centers involved in cancer diagnosis and treatment. We pursued two major goals in our recommendations: first, limiting the exposure of cancer patients to medical environments and second, modifying the treatment modalities in a manner that reduces the probability of myelosuppression such as delaying elective diagnostic and therapeutic services, shortening the treatment course, or prolonging the interval between treatment courses."}, {"pmid": 32034638, "pmcid": "PMC7091449", "title": "Compensation of ACE2 Function for Possible Clinical Management of 2019-nCoV-Induced Acute Lung Injury.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Wu, Yuntao"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32034638", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339482, "pmcid": "PMC7195053", "title": "Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer treatment and research.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Saini, Kamal S", "de Las Heras, Begona", "de Castro, Javier", "Venkitaraman, Ramachandran", "Poelman, Martine", "Srinivasan, Gopalakrishnan", "Saini, Monika Lamba", "Verma, Sanjeev", "Leone, Manuela", "Aftimos, Philippe", "Curigliano, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339482", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332072, "title": "Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a series of 17 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus under long-term treatment with hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Mathian, Alexis", "Mahevas, Matthieu", "Rohmer, Julien", "Roumier, Mathilde", "Cohen-Aubart, Fleur", "Amador-Borrero, Blanca", "Barrelet, Audrey", "Chauvet, Cecile", "Chazal, Thibaud", "Delahousse, Michel", "Devaux, Mathilde", "Euvrard, Romain", "Fadlallah, Jehane", "Florens, Nans", "Haroche, Julien", "Hie, Miguel", "Juillard, Laurent", "Lhote, Raphael", "Maillet, Thibault", "Richard-Colmant, Gaelle", "Palluy, Jean Baptiste", "Pha, Micheline", "Perard, Laurent", "Remy, Philippe", "Riviere, Etienne", "Sene, Damien", "Seve, Pascal", "Morelot-Panzini, Capucine", "Viallard, Jean-Francois", "Virot, Jean-Simon", "Benameur, Neila", "Zahr, Noel", "Yssel, Hans", "Godeau, Bertrand", "Amoura, Zahir"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332072", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517203, "title": "Problematic Internet Use and Perceived Quality of Life: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study Investigating Work-Time and Leisure-Time Internet Use.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Gao, Lingling", "Gan, Yiqun", "Whittal, Amanda", "Lippke, Sonia"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517203", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Avoiding the potential negative impact brought by problematic internet use is becoming more important. To better understand public health and addiction, this study investigated to what extent work-time and leisure-time internet use relate to problematic internet use and perceived quality of life among college students and highly educated adults. An online cross-sectional survey with 446 individuals was assessed in Germany. Linear regression analyses were used to predict problematic internet use. Ordinal regression analyses were applied to predict perceived quality of life. Results showed that leisure-time internet use, but not work-time internet use, was positively associated with problematic internet use. Participants whose work-time internet use could be considered balanced (5-28 h/week in this study) indicated a higher perceived quality of life compared to individuals with little or large amount of internet use for work. The findings still emerged when taking negative feelings, perceived stress, smoking status and alcohol consumption into account. As both work-time and leisure-time internet use can be risk factors for mental health in terms of problematic internet use and perceived quality of life, well-controlled internet use rather than excessive use is recommended. This should be kept in mind when dealing with the Coronavirus pandemic and its aftermath."}, {"pmid": 32276031, "pmcid": "PMC7141473", "title": "COVID-19 and Kidney Failure in the Acute Care Setting: Our Experience From Seattle.", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Durvasula, Raghu", "Wellington, Tracy", "McNamara, Elizabeth", "Watnick, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276031", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346671, "pmcid": "PMC7187835", "title": "Shut down and reboot-preparing to minimise infection in a post-COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["McCall, Becky"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346671", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534301, "title": "The structural vulnerability of healthcare workers during COVID-19: Observations on the social context of risk and the equitable distribution of resources.", "journal": "Soc Sci Med", "authors": ["Smith, Catherine"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534301", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare workers have emerged as a vulnerable population group during COVID-19, and securing supply chains of personal protective equipment (PPE) has been identified as a critical issue to protect healthcare workers and to prevent health system overwhelm. While securing PPE is a complex logistical challenge facing many countries, it is vital to recognise the social and health systems issues that structure the differential degrees of risk faced by various subgroups of healthcare workers. As an illustrative case study, the author identifies two key social factors that are likely to face the degrees of risk faced by midwives in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, if and when COVID-19 takes hold in Indonesia. Healthcare workers in both high and low resource-settings globally are likely to face particular risks and vulnerabilities that are shaped by localized social and health systems factors. Qualitative social and health systems research can and should be utilized proactively in order to protect healthcare workers, to inform more equitable program design, and to create a foundation for health equity within the future of global health that emerges from the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32519364, "title": "The coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality risk perception of US adult residents in March and April 2020.", "journal": "Br J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Niepel, Christoph", "Kranz, Dirk", "Borgonovi, Francesca", "Emslander, Valentin", "Greiff, Samuel"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519364", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The study compares empirical results on the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (causing COVID-19) fatality risk perception of US adult residents stratified for age, gender, and race in mid-March 2020 (N1 \u00a0=\u00a01,182) and mid-April 2020 (N2 \u00a0=\u00a0953). While the fatality risk perception has increased from March 2020 to April 2020, our findings suggest that many US adult residents severely underestimated their absolute and relative fatality risk (i.e., differentiated for subgroups defined by pre-existing medical conditions and age) at both time points compared to current epidemiological figures. These results are worrying because risk perception, as our study indicates, relates to actual or intended health-protective behaviour that can reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates."}, {"pmid": 32470281, "title": "Bronchiolitis in the year of COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Argent Pediatr", "authors": ["Susana Rodriguez, M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470281", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192285, "title": "[Explanation of expert recommendations on medical nutrition for patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yu, K Y", "Shi, H P"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192285", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383174, "pmcid": "PMC7267314", "title": "High prevalence of olfactory and taste disorder during SARS-CoV-2 infection in outpatients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["De Maria, Andrea", "Varese, Paola", "Dentone, Chiara", "Barisione, Emanuela", "Bassetti, Matteo"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383174", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516739, "title": "Evaluation of the commercially available LightMix(R) Modular E-gene kit using clinical and proficiency testing specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Sridhar, Siddharth", "Cheng, Andrew Kim-Wai", "Leung, Kit-Hang", "Choi, Garnet Kwan-Yue", "Chen, Jonathan Hon-Kwan", "Poon, Rosana Wing-Shan", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Wu, Alan Ka-Lun", "Chan, Helen Shuk-Ying", "Chau, Sandy Ka-Yee", "Chung, Tom Wai-Hin", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin", "Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516739", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid and sensitive diagnostic assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection are required for prompt patient management and infection control. The analytical and clinical performances of LightMix\u00ae Modular SARS and Wuhan CoV E-gene kit, a widely used commercial assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection, have not been well studied. To evaluate the performance characteristics of the LightMix\u00ae E-gene kit in comparison with well-validated in-house developed COVID-19 RT-PCR assays. Serial dilutions of SARS-CoV-2 culture isolate extracts were used for analytical sensitivity evaluation. A total of 289 clinical specimens from 186 patients with suspected COVID-19 and 8 proficiency testing (PT) samples were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the LightMix\u00ae E-gene kit against in-house developed COVID-19-RdRp/Hel and COVID-19-N RT-PCR assays. The LightMix\u00ae E-gene kit had a limit of detection of 1.8\u202f\u00d7\u202f10-1 TCID50/mL, which was one log10 lower than those of the two in-house RT-PCR assays. The LightMix\u00ae E-gene kit (149/289 [51.6%]) had similar sensitivity as the in-house assays (144/289 [49.8%] for RdRp/Hel and 146/289 [50.5%] for N). All three assays gave correct results for all the PT samples. Cycle threshold (Cp) values of the LightMix\u00ae E-gene kit and in-house assays showed excellent correlation. Reproducibility of the Cp values was satisfactory with intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation values <5%. Importantly, the LightMix\u00ae E-gene kit, when used as a stand-alone assay, was equally sensitive as testing algorithms using multiple COVID-19 RT-PCR assays. The LightMix\u00ae E-gene kit is a rapid and sensitive assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection. It has fewer verification requirements compared to laboratory-developed tests."}, {"pmid": 32047895, "pmcid": "PMC7108139", "title": "Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin", "Chik-Yan Yip, Cyril", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Wu, Tak-Chiu", "Chan, Jacky M C", "Leung, Wai-Shing", "Chik, Thomas Shiu-Hong", "Choi, Chris Yau-Chung", "Kandamby, Darshana H", "Lung, David Christopher", "Tam, Anthony Raymond", "Poon, Rosana Wing-Shan", "Fung, Agnes Yim-Fong", "Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32047895", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019-novel-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was detected in the self-collected saliva of 91.7% (11/12) of patients. Serial saliva viral load monitoring generally showed a declining trend. Live virus was detected in saliva by viral culture. Saliva is a promising non-invasive specimen for diagnosis, monitoring, and infection control in patients with 2019-nCoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32346122, "title": "Lessons learned from the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) outbreak in a monographic center for spinal cord injury.", "journal": "Spinal Cord", "authors": ["Lopez-Dolado, Elisa", "Gil-Agudo, Angel"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346122", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365178, "pmcid": "PMC7239182", "title": "High proportion of asymptomatic and presymptomatic COVID-19 infections in travelers and returning residents to Brunei.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Wong, Justin", "Abdul Aziz, Anita B Z", "Chaw, Liling", "Mahamud, Abdirahman", "Griffith, Matthew M", "Ying-Ru, L O", "Naing, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365178", "countries": ["Brunei Darussalam"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report early findings from COVID-19 cases in Brunei suggesting a remarkably high proportion of asymptomatic (12%) and presymptomatic (30%) cases. This proportion was even higher in imported cases. These have implications for measures to prevent onward local transmission and should prompt reconsideration of current testing protocols and safe de-escalation of social distancing measures."}, {"pmid": 32139904, "pmcid": "PMC7095524", "title": "COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system.", "journal": "Nat Rev Cardiol", "authors": ["Zheng, Ying-Ying", "Ma, Yi-Tong", "Zhang, Jin-Ying", "Xie, Xiang"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32139904", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340900, "pmcid": "PMC7164859", "title": "Risks of viral contamination in healthcare professionals during laparoscopy in the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Veziant, J", "Bourdel, N", "Slim, K"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340900", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has markedly changed our practices. This article analyses the risks of contamination among healthcare professionals (HCPs) during laparoscopic surgery on patients with Covid-19. Harmful effects of aerosols from a pneumoperitoneum, with the virus present, have not yet been quantified. Measures for the protection of HCPs are an extrapolation of those taken during other epidemics. They must still be mandatory to minimise the risk of viral contamination. Protection measures include personal protection equipment for HCPs, adaptation of surgical technique (method for obtaining pneumoperitoneum, filters, preferred intracorporeal anastomosis, precautions during the exsufflation of the pneumoperitoneum), and organisation of the operating room."}, {"pmid": 32330898, "pmcid": "PMC7179961", "title": "Editorial. Community practice in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Prall, J Adair", "Davis, John D", "Jenkins, N Ross"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330898", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350447, "pmcid": "PMC7189173", "title": "Implications of COVID-19 for uveitis patients: perspectives from Hong Kong.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Hung, Jennifer C H", "Li, Kenneth K W"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350447", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270485, "pmcid": "PMC7262212", "title": "A global recommendation for restrictive provision of fertility treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Wallberg, Kenny A", "Wikander, Ida"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270485", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410815, "pmcid": "PMC7221382", "title": "The COvid-19 Vascular sERvice (COVER) Study: An International Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) Collaborative Study Assessing the Provision, Practice, and Outcomes of Vascular Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg", "authors": ["Benson, Ruth A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410815", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348585, "pmcid": "PMC7267389", "title": "Ultrasound on the Frontlines of COVID-19: Report From an International Webinar.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Liu, Rachel B", "Tayal, Vivek S", "Panebianco, Nova L", "Tung-Chen, Yale", "Nagdev, Arun", "Shah, Sachita", "Pivetta, Emanuele", "Henwood, Patricia C", "Nelson, Mathew J", "Moore, Christopher L"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348585", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446594, "pmcid": "PMC7198168", "title": "[Health statistics and invisibility by sex and gender during the COVID-19 epidemic].", "journal": "Gac Sanit", "authors": ["Ruiz Cantero, Maria Teresa"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446594", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reports on COVID-19 from the Spanish Health Ministry are valuable, but incomplete, with the perverse effect that the susceptibility to COVID-19 by sex is unclear. Prevalence of COVID-19 by sexes differs between countries. The trend in Spain shows an unequal pattern, initially more frequent in men, but women outnumbered them from March 31, after two weeks lockdown. Infections are more frequent in women than in men in close contact with probable/confirmed COVID-19 cases. Consistent with deaths in men, they are hospitalized more frequently than women: Significant gender differences in signs/symptoms can drive this pattern, already observed in other pathologies. In late April, excess mortality is the same in women (67%) than in men (66%). But, lack of exhaustive information on deaths from COVID-19 in non-hospitalized patients may contribute to lower notification of deaths in women. Invisibility of data by sex and gender is probably affecting negatively women with COVID -19 more than men."}, {"pmid": 32035507, "pmcid": "PMC7128686", "title": "2019-nCoV in context: lessons learned?", "journal": "Lancet Planet Health", "authors": ["Kock, Richard A", "Karesh, William B", "Veas, Francisco", "Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P", "Simons, David", "Mboera, Leonard E G", "Dar, Osman", "Arruda, Lia Barbara", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035507", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332075, "title": "Patients with lupus are not protected from COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Sawalha, Amr H"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332075", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451809, "pmcid": "PMC7247739", "title": "Nothing will ever be as before. Reflections on the COVID-19 epidemics by nephrologists in eleven countries.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Gambaro, Giovanni", "Piccoli, Giorgina B"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451809", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487704, "title": "Reply to Tognu et al: regional anesthesia for proximal humerus surgery during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Mistry, Tuhin", "Kuppusamy, Elayavendhan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487704", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366596, "title": "COVID-19: switching to remote neurology outpatient consultations.", "journal": "Pract Neurol", "authors": ["Nitkunan, Arani", "Paviour, Dominic", "Nitkunan, Tharani"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366596", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531124, "title": "Response to COVID-19 pandemic: Beyond medical education in Brazil.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Newman, Noah A", "Lattouf, Omar M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531124", "countries": ["Brazil"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We received a response to our Editorial from a group in Brazil that raised valuable concerns about the struggles in transforming medical education in low-income countries. Here, we address the concerns they raised that reinforce the global need for a \"Coalition for Medical Education.\""}, {"pmid": 32201554, "pmcid": "PMC7073717", "title": "COVID-19 R0: Magic number or conundrum?", "journal": "Infect Dis Rep", "authors": ["Viceconte, Giulio", "Petrosillo, Nicola"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201554", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501019, "title": "'Self-collected upper respiratory tract swabs for COVID-19 test': A feasible way to increase overall testing rate and conserve resources in South Africa.", "journal": "Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med", "authors": ["Adeniji, Adeloye A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501019", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disparity in the testing rate of SARS-CoV-2 amongst different countries and regions is a very big challenge in understanding the COVID-19 pandemic. Although some developed countries have a very high testing rate and subsequently a high number of confirmed cases, less developed countries have a low testing rate and an illusive positivity rate. Collection of the upper respiratory specimen is not often comfortable. The discomfort could be accompanied with epistaxis and headache in some patients. The trained personnel taking the swab is forced to protect self with personal protective equipment (PPE) to avoid infections that may result from the patient due to provoked cough, sneezing and spitting. This study looks into an efficient means of increasing the testing rate for COVID 19 without compromising the quality. A literature review was conducted on the different modalities of collecting upper respiratory specimens and assessing the efficacy of samples collected using different methods in terms of the laboratory yield of different pathogens. Self-collection of upper respiratory tract specimen for diagnostic purposes is not new. Studies have demonstrated that trained staff-collected nasal swabs are not in any way superior to self-collected or parent-assisted swabs. The laboratory yield of different specimens is not determined by who took the sample but by the anatomical site from where the specimen was collected. Self collection of the upper respiratory swabs will not only increase the testing rate but also preserve the scarce PPE and reduces health care worker's COVID 19 infection rate in South Africa."}, {"pmid": 32051074, "title": "[Management plan for prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia among children in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Peng, Jing", "Wang, Xia", "Yang, Ming-Hua", "Wang, Ming-Jie", "Zheng, Xiang-Rong"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32051074", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, an epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has occurred in China. How to effectively prevent and control NCP among children with limited resources is an urgent issue to be explored. Under the unified arrangement of the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, the Department of Pediatrics has formulated an action plan with Xiangya unique model to prevent and control NCP among children according to the current epidemic situation and diagnostic and therapeutic program in China."}, {"pmid": 32374381, "pmcid": "PMC7239188", "title": "Large saddle pulmonary embolism in a woman infected by COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Jafari, Ramezan", "Cegolon, Luca", "Jafari, Atefeh", "Kashaki, Mandana", "Otoukesh, Babak", "Ghahderijani, Bahareh Heshmat", "Izadi, Morteza", "Saadat, Seyed Hassan", "Einollahi, Behzad", "Javanbakht, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374381", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386441, "pmcid": "PMC7273089", "title": "Pregnant and postpartum women with SARS-CoV-2 infection in intensive care in Sweden.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Collin, Julius", "Bystrom, Emma", "Carnahan, AnnaSara", "Ahrne, Malin"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386441", "countries": ["Sweden"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Public Health Agency of Sweden has analyzed how many pregnant and postpartum women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been treated in intensive care units (ICU) in Sweden between 19 March and 20 April 2020 compared with non-pregnant women of similar age. Cases were identified in a special reporting module within the Swedish Intensive Care Registry (SIR). Fifty-three women aged 20-45\u00a0years with SARS-CoV-2 were reported in SIR, and 13 of these women were either pregnant or postpartum (<1\u00a0week). The results indicate that the risk of being admitted to ICU may be higher in pregnant and postpartum women with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in Sweden, compared with non-pregnant women of similar age."}, {"pmid": 32500852, "title": "Walkthrough Sanitization Gates for COVID-19: A Preventive Measure or Public Health Concern?", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain", "Khan, Yusra Habib", "Alotaibi, Nasser Hadal", "Alzarea, Abdulaziz Ibrahim"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to gain momentum around the world, several measures are being put in place to control its spread. One such effort includes the installation walkthrough sanitization gates to disinfect passersby and prevent cross infection. However, there is lack of clinical evidence on the effectiveness of these walkthrough gates to contain COVID-19. Moreover, there are potential public health concerns associated with these walkthrough gates. Spraying individuals with disinfectant chemicals is strongly discouraged by various health authorities around the globe because of their propensity for eye and skin irritation, bronchospasm following inhalation, and gastrointestinal effects such as nausea and vomiting. This article underscores that the risks associated with the use of these walkthrough gates overweigh any potential benefits. Health authorities must discourage their use and should focus efforts on other preventive measures such as social distancing, wearing masks, and hand hygiene to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among the general public."}, {"pmid": 32400142, "title": "What the COVID-19 pandemic tells us about the need to develop resilience in the nursing workforce.", "journal": "Nurs Manag (Harrow)", "authors": ["Louise Duncan, Deborah"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400142", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most research on resilience in healthcare systems such as the NHS is based on organisational crises, such as nurse shortages, an ageing workforce and financial restrictions. However, nursing can learn lessons from the past to consider how to become more resilient, particularly considering the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. This article briefly looks at previous pandemics and disasters that have affected healthcare systems, as well as the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, and considers how nurse leaders can support staff and show organisational resilience during such emergencies. The article also discusses how nurse leaders can develop their own resilience."}, {"pmid": 32312714, "title": "COVID-19 More Frequent, Severe in Cancer Patients.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312714", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using data from China, two studies suggest that people with cancer are more likely than the general population to contract COVID-19 and to develop more severe disease or die from it."}, {"pmid": 32507411, "title": "Thoracic Surgeons' Insights: Improving Thoracic Surgery Outcomes During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Chen, Ke-Neng", "Gao, Shugeng", "Liu, Lunxu", "He, Jianxing", "Jiang, Ge-Ning", "He, Jie"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507411", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299776, "pmcid": "PMC7158248", "title": "Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: a report of five cases.", "journal": "Transl Res", "authors": ["Magro, Cynthia", "Mulvey, J Justin", "Berlin, David", "Nuovo, Gerard", "Salvatore, Steven", "Harp, Joanna", "Baxter-Stoltzfus, Amelia", "Laurence, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299776", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute respiratory failure and a systemic coagulopathy are critical aspects of the morbidity and mortality characterizing infection with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome-associated coronavirus-2, the etiologic agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We examined skin and lung tissues from 5 patients with severe COVID-19 characterized by respiratory failure (n= 5) and purpuric skin rash (n\u202f=\u202f3). COVID-19 pneumonitis was predominantly a pauci-inflammatory septal capillary injury with significant septal capillary mural and luminal fibrin deposition and permeation of the interalveolar septa by neutrophils. No viral cytopathic changes were observed and the diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) with hyaline membranes, inflammation, and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, hallmarks of classic acute respiratory distress syndrome, were not prominent. These pulmonary findings were accompanied by significant deposits of terminal complement components C5b-9 (membrane attack complex), C4d, and mannose binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine protease (MASP)2, in the microvasculature, consistent with sustained, systemic activation of the complement pathways. The purpuric skin lesions similarly showed a pauci-inflammatory thrombogenic vasculopathy, with deposition of C5b-9 and C4d in both grossly involved and normally-appearing skin. In addition, there was co-localization of COVID-19 spike glycoproteins with C4d and C5b-9 in the interalveolar septa and the cutaneous microvasculature of 2 cases examined. In conclusion, at least a subset of sustained, severe COVID-19 may define a type of catastrophic microvascular injury syndrome mediated by activation of complement pathways and an associated procoagulant state. It provides a foundation for further exploration of the pathophysiologic importance of complement in COVID-19, and could suggest targets for specific intervention."}, {"pmid": 32165415, "title": "Covid-19: Trump cancels all flights from Europe, apart from the UK.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165415", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32225019, "pmcid": "PMC7178153", "title": "Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis of China's Prevention and Control Strategy for the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Wang, Jia", "Wang, Zhifeng"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225019", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study used the Strengths (S), Weaknesses (W), Opportunities (O) and Threats (T) (SWOT) analysis method, drawing on our experience of the response to the 2003 SARS epidemic, the 2019 China Health Statistics Yearbook data, and changes in China's policy environment for the pneumonia epidemic response relating to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection, to perform a systematic analysis of the COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control strategy S, W, O, and T, with a further analysis of a strategic foundation and to determine a significant and relative strategy. We assessed and formulated strength-opportunity (SO), weakness-opportunity (WO), strength-threat (ST), and weakness-threat (WT) strategies for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic. We conducted an in-depth analysis and identified the highest-priority policies. These are: reshaping the emergency system (SO1); adding health emergency departments to universities and other institutions (WO2); adjusting the economic structure and strengthening international and domestic linkages (ST2); and strengthening public intervention in responding to public health emergencies (WT1)."}, {"pmid": 32326761, "title": "Shifting Paradigms in Head and Neck Reconstructive Surgery During the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Desai, Shaun C", "Seth, Rahul"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326761", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32133831, "title": "[Epidemiological analysis on a family cluster of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Qiu, Y Y", "Wang, S Q", "Wang, X L", "Lu, W X", "Qiao, D", "Li, J B", "Gu, Y Y", "Zeng, Y", "Chen, Y", "Bai, W Z", "Xu, B L", "Han, T W"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133831", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To understand the possible transmission route of a family cluster of COVID-19 in Zhengzhou and the potential infectivity of COVID-19 in incubation period, and provide scientific evidence for the timely control of infectious source and curb the spread of the epidemic. Methods: Epidemiological investigation was conducted for a family cluster of COVID-19 (8 cases) with descriptive epidemiological method, and respiratory tract samples of the cases were collected for the nucleic acid detection of virus by RT-PCR. Results: Two primary cases, which occurred on 31 January and 1 February, 2020, respectively, had a common exposure history in Wuhan. The other six family members had onsets on 30 January, 31 January, 1 February (three cases) and 3 February, 2020. Conclusions: In this family cluster of COVID-19, six family members were infected through common family exposure to the 2 primary cases. Five secondary cases had onsets earlier than or on the same day as the primary cases, indicating that COVID-19 is contagious in incubation period, and the home isolation in the early phase of the epidemic might lead to the risk of family cluster of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32107119, "pmcid": "PMC7135848", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019: Coronaviruses and Blood Safety.", "journal": "Transfus Med Rev", "authors": ["Chang, Le", "Yan, Ying", "Wang, Lunan"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32107119", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the outbreak of unknown pneumonia in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, a new coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), aroused the attention of the entire world. The current outbreak of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 in China as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Two other coronavirus infections-SARS in 2002-2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012-both caused severe respiratory syndrome in humans. All 3 of these emerging infectious diseases leading to a global spread are caused by \u03b2-coronaviruses. Although coronaviruses usually infect the upper or lower respiratory tract, viral shedding in plasma or serum is common. Therefore, there is still a theoretical risk of transmission of coronaviruses through the transfusion of labile blood products. Because more and more asymptomatic infections are being found among COVID-19 cases, considerations of blood safety and coronaviruses have arisen especially in endemic areas. In this review, we detail current evidence and understanding of the transmission of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 through blood products as of February 10, 2020, and also discuss pathogen inactivation methods on coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32291501, "pmcid": "PMC7156230", "title": "CT features of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in children.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Duan, Ya-Ni", "Zhu, Yan-Qiu", "Tang, Lei-Lei", "Qin, Jie"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291501", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A serious epidemic of COVID-19 broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and spread to other Chinese cities and several countries now. As the majority of patients infected with COVID-19 had chest CT abnormality, chest CT has become an important tool for early diagnosis of COVID-19 and monitoring disease progression. There is growing evidence that children are also susceptible to COVID-19 and have atypical presentations compared with adults. This review is mainly about the differences in clinical symptom spectrum, diagnosis of COVID-19, and CT imaging findings between adults and children, while highlighting the value of radiology in prevention and control of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. KEY POINTS: \u2022 Compared with adults, pediatric patients with COVID-19 have the characteristics of lower incidence, slighter clinical symptoms, shorter course of disease, and fewer severe cases. \u2022 The chest CT characteristics of COVID-19 in pediatric patients were atypical, with more localized GGO extent, lower GGO attenuation, and relatively rare interlobular septal thickening. \u2022 Chest CT should be used with more caution in pediatric patients with COVID-19 to protect this vulnerable population from risking radiation."}, {"pmid": 32436994, "title": "Clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients treated with tocilizumab: An individual patient data systematic review.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Antwi-Amoabeng, Daniel", "Kanji, Zahara", "Ford, Brent", "Beutler, Bryce D", "Riddle, Mark S", "Siddiqui, Faisal"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436994", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current evidence suggests an important role of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) pathway in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related cytokine release storm in severely ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Inhibition of the IL-6 pathway with tocilizumab has been employed successfully in some of these patients but the data is mostly consistent of case reports and series. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Medline from 22nd April 2020 and again on 27th April 2020 using the following search terms alone or in combination: \"COVID-19,\" \"coronavirus,\" \"SARS-CoV-2,\" \"COVID,\" \"anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibodies,\" \"anti-IL-6,\" \"tocilizumab,\" \"sarilumab,\" \"siltuximab.\" We included studies that reported individual patient data. We extracted and analyzed individual level data on baseline characteristics, laboratory findings, and clinical outcomes. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Secondary endpoints included in-hospital complications, recovery rates, effect of patient characteristics on the primary outcome and changes in levels of inflammatory markers. Three hundred fifty-two records were identified through a\u00a0systematic search, of which 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. A single study currently under review was also added. Eleven observational studies encompassing 29 patients were included in the present review. There were more males (24 [82.8%]), and hypertension was the most common comorbidity (16 [48.3%]). Over an average of 5.4 hospital days, the primary endpoint occurred in 6 (20.7%) patients. Among surviving patients, about 10% had worsened disease and 17% recovered. The most common complication was acute respiratory distress syndrome (8 [27.6%]). The IL-6 level was significantly higher after the initiation of tocilizumab with median (interquartile range) of 376.6 (148-900.6)\u2009pg/mL compared to the baseline of 71.1 (31.9-122.8)\u2009pg/mL (P\u2009=\u2009.002). Mean (standard deviation) levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly decreased following treatment 24.6 (26.9)\u2009mg/L compared to baseline 140.4 (77)\u2009mg/L (P\u2009<\u2009.0001). Baseline demographics were not significantly different among\u00a0survivors and nonsurvivors by Fisher's exact test. In COVID-19 patients treated with tocilizumab, IL-6 levels are significantly elevated, which are supportive of cytokine storm. Following initiation of tocilizumab, there is elevation in the IL-6 levels and CRP levels dramatically decrease, suggesting an improvement in this hyperinflammatory state. Ongoing randomized control trials will allow for further evaluation of this promising therapy. Recent data indicate that severe COVID-19 causes a cytokine release storm and is associated with worse clinical outcomes and IL-6 plays an important role. It is suggestive that anti-IL-6 results in the improvement of this hyperinflammatory state. However, to our knowledge, there is no individual patient data systematic review performed to summarize baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients who received tocilizumab."}, {"pmid": 32234131, "title": "[Analysis of CT features of 15 children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Feng, K", "Yun, Y X", "Wang, X F", "Yang, G D", "Zheng, Y J", "Lin, C M", "Wang, L F"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234131", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To explore imaging characteristics of children with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data and chest CT images of 15 children diagnosed with 2019-nCoV infection. They were admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen from January 16 to February 6, 2020. The distribution and morphology of pulmonary lesions on chest CT images were analyzed. Results: Among the 15 children, 5 were males and 10 females, aged from 4 to 14 years. Five of the 15 children were febrile and 10 were asymptomatic on the first visit. The first nasal or pharyngeal swab samples in all the 15 cases were positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid. For their first chest CT images, 6 patients had no lesions, while 9 patients had pulmonary inflammatory lesions. Seven cases had small nodular ground glass opacities and 2 cases had speckled ground glass opacities. After 3 to 5 days of treatment, 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in a second respiratory sample turned negative in 6 cases. Among them, chest CT images showed less lesions in 2 cases, no lesion in 3 cases, and no improvement in 1 case. The remaining 9 cases were still positive in a second nucleic acid test. Six patients showed similar chest CT inflammation, while 3 patients had new lesions, which were all small nodular ground glass opacities. Conclusions: The early chest CT images of children with 2019-nCoV infection are mostly small nodular ground glass opacities. The clinical symptoms of children with 2019-nCoV infection are nonspecific. Dynamic reexamination of chest CT and nucleic acid are important."}, {"pmid": 32436998, "title": "Lack of viral transmission to preterm newborn from a COVID-19 positive breastfeeding mother at 11 days postpartum.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Perrone, Serafina", "Giordano, Maurizio", "Meoli, Antonello", "Deolmi, Michela", "Marinelli, Francesca", "Messina, Giulia", "Lugani, Paola", "Moretti, Sabrina", "Esposito, Susanna"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436998", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502534, "pmcid": "PMC7266567", "title": "Medical Student Development of K-12 Educational Resources During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Reardon, Rachel", "Beyer, Logan", "Carpenter, Kendall", "Irwin, Margaret", "Kester, Katherine", "Laird, Jessica", "Moore, Chandler", "Shah, Priya", "Conrad, Rachel"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502534", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497702, "pmcid": "PMC7262519", "title": "Challenges and countermeasures in the prevention of nosocomial infections of SARS-CoV-2 before resumption of work: implications for the dermatology department.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Zhang, Yamin", "Wen, Jingjing", "Chen, Cai", "Zeng, Lingling", "Yang, Liu", "Huang, Changzheng", "Feng, Aiping", "Miao, Xiaoping", "Alamgir, Mahin", "Rao, Babar", "Li, Yan", "Tao, Juan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497702", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501861, "title": "Considering the potential for an increase in chronic pain following the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pain", "authors": ["Clauw, Daniel J", "Hauser, Winfried", "Cohen, Steven P", "Fitzcharles, Mary-Ann"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501861", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32111449, "pmcid": "PMC7102546", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Taiwan: Reports of two cases from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Huang, Wei-Hsuan", "Teng, Ling-Chiao", "Yeh, Ting-Kuang", "Chen, Yu-Jen", "Lo, Wei-Jung", "Wu, Ming-Ju", "Chin, Chun-Shih", "Tsan, Yu-Tse", "Lin, Tzu-Chieh", "Chai, Jyh-Wen", "Lin, Chin-Fu", "Tseng, Chien-Hao", "Liu, Chia-Wei", "Wu, Chi-Mei", "Chen, Po-Yen", "Shi, Zhi-Yuan", "Liu, Po-Yu"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32111449", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We reported two cases with community-acquired pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who returned from Wuhan, China in January, 2020. The reported cases highlight non-specific clinical presentations of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as well as the importance of rapid laboratory-based diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32438331, "pmcid": "PMC7205616", "title": "Diabetes and metabolic syndrome as risk factors for COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Marhl, Marko", "Grubelnik, Vladimir", "Magdic, Marsa", "Markovic, Rene"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438331", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical evidence exists that patients with diabetes are at higher risk for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the physiological origins of this clinical observation linking diabetes with severity and adverse outcome of COVID-19. Publication mining was applied to reveal common physiological contexts in which diabetes and COVID-19 have been investigated simultaneously. Overall, we have acquired 1,121,078 publications from PubMed in the time span between 01-01-2000 and 17-04-2020, and extracted knowledge graphs interconnecting the topics related to diabetes and COVID-19. The Data Mining revealed three pathophysiological pathways linking diabetes and COVID-19. The first pathway indicates a higher risk for COVID-19 because of a dysregulation of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The other two important physiological links between diabetes and COVID-19 are liver dysfunction and chronic systemic inflammation. A deep network analysis has suggested clinical biomarkers predicting the higher risk: Hypertension, elevated serum Alanine aminotransferase, high Interleukin-6, and low Lymphocytes count. The revealed biomarkers can be applied directly in clinical practice. For newly infected patients, the medical history needs to be checked for evidence of a long-term, chronic dysregulation of these biomarkers. In particular, patients with diabetes, but also those with prediabetic state, deserve special attention."}, {"pmid": 32259400, "pmcid": "PMC7262355", "title": "Going remote: Maintaining normalcy in our pathology laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cancer Cytopathol", "authors": ["Madrigal, Emilio"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259400", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427632, "title": "Where do urologists stand in the era of novel coronavirus-2019 disease.", "journal": "Curr Opin Urol", "authors": ["Hughes, Thomas", "Ho, Hui Ching", "Shariat, Shahrokh F", "Somani, Bhaskar Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427632", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus-2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had devastating consequences on healthcare systems globally. The effect this has on urologists and the patients they care for is not fully understood and presents the challenge of prioritizing the most urgent cases. We aim to review the impact on urology services and evaluate strategies to minimize disruption. Various healthcare systems have been forced to postpone treatment for many urological conditions as resources are dedicated to the treatment of COVID-19. Training has been postponed as staff are reallocated to areas of need. Face-to-face contact is largely minimized and innovative, virtual communication methods are used in the outpatient setting and multidisciplinary team meetings. Surgical practice is changing because of the risks posed by COVID-19 and procedures can be prioritized in a nonurgent, low priority, high priority or emergency category. Although the COVID-19 pandemic will inevitably affect urological services, steps can be taken to mitigate the impact and prioritize the patients most in need of urgent care. Similarly, in future; simulation, e-learning and webinars will allow interaction to share, discuss and debate focused training and education."}, {"pmid": 32398383, "title": "Recommendations of the Main Board of the Polish Society of Otorhinolaryngologists, Head and Neck Surgeons for providing services during the COVID-19 pandemic for outpatient and hospital practices.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Pol", "authors": ["Wierzbicka, Malgorzata", "Niemczyk, Kazimierz", "Jaworowska, Ewa", "Burduk, Pawel", "Skladzien, Jacek", "Szyfter, Witold", "Markowski, Jaroslaw"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398383", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recommendations of the Main Board of the Polish Society of Otorhinolaryngologists, Head and Neck Surgeons for providing services during the COVID-19 pandemic constitute the guidance to outpatient and hospital practices in all cases where contact with a patient whose status of COVID-19 is unknown. They have been created based on world publications and recommendations due to the current state of the COVID-19 pandemic. Justification for suspension of planned provision of services in the first phase of a pandemic was presented. The indication of the best medical practices for the time of stabilization, but with the persistence of the risk of COVID-19 infection in the population are discussed. The possibility of providing services in the following months of the pandemic is important. We provide the rationale for launching medical activities and indicate optimal practices until the consolidation of SARS COV-2 prevention and treatment methods."}, {"pmid": 32298970, "pmcid": "PMC7139255", "title": "What can we do for people exposed to multiple traumatic events during the coronavirus pandemic?", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Shi, Wei", "Hall, Brian J"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298970", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404630, "pmcid": "PMC7253051", "title": "OPEN TRACHEOSTOMY FOR COVID19 POSITIVE PATIENTS: A METHOD TO MINIMIZE AEROSOLIZATION AND REDUCE RISK OF EXPOSURE.", "journal": "J Trauma Acute Care Surg", "authors": ["Prabhakaran, Kartik", "Malcom, Ryan", "Choi, James", "Chudner, Alexandra", "Moscatello, Augustine", "Panzica, Peter", "Latifi, Rifat", "Rhee, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404630", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 virus is highly contagious and thus there is a potential of infecting operating staff when operating on these patients. This case series describes a method of performing open tracheostomy for COVID-19 patients while minimizing potential aerosolization of the virus using typically available equipment and supplies. This is a case series of 18 patients who were COVID-19 positive and underwent open tracheostomy in the operating room under a negative pressure plastic hood created using readily available equipment and supplies. Patients had to be intubated for at least 14 days, be convalescing from their cytokine storm, and deemed to survive for at least 14 more days. Other indications for tracheostomy were altered mental status, severe deconditioning, respiratory failure and failed extubation attempts. There were 14 men and 4 women with severe SARS-CoV2 infection requiring long-term intubation since March 23 or later. The mean age was 61.7, BMI was 32.6, and the pre-tracheostomy ventilator day was 20.4. The indications for tracheostomy were altered mental status, severe deconditioning and continued respiratory with hypoxia. Failed extubation attempt rate was 16.7% and hemodialysis rate was 38.9%. All patients were hemodynamically stable, without any evidence of accelerating cytokine storm. To date there was one minor bleeding due to postoperative therapeutic anticoagulation. This report describes a method of performing open tracheostomy with minimal aerosolization using readily available equipment and supplies in most hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32277272, "pmcid": "PMC7147145", "title": "How to Handle a COVID-19 Patient in the Angiographic Suite.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Ierardi, Anna Maria", "Wood, Bradford J", "Gaudino, Chiara", "Angileri, Salvatore Alessio", "Jones, Elizabeth C", "Hausegger, Klaus", "Carrafiello, Gianpaolo"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a single-center report on coordination of staff and handling of patients during the outbreak of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) in a region with high incidence and prevalence of disease. The selection of procedures for interventional radiology (IR), preparation of staff and interventional suite before the arrival of patients, the facility ventilation systems and intra- and post-procedural workflow optimization are described. The control measures described may increase the cost of the equipment, prolong procedural times and increase technical difficulties. However, these precautions may help control the spread of COVID-19 within the healthcare facility."}, {"pmid": 32231220, "pmcid": "PMC7103897", "title": "Antihypertensive treatment with ACEI/ARB of patients with COVID-19 complicated by hypertension.", "journal": "Hypertens Res", "authors": ["Li, Gang", "Hu, Rui", "Zhang, Xuejiao"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231220", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268044, "title": "Protecting Our Longevity Dividend During Covid-19", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["O'Neill, D"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268044", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247692, "pmcid": "PMC7194731", "title": "Faecal-oral transmission of SARS-COV-2: practical implications.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Bonato, Giulia", "Dioscoridi, Lorenzo", "Mutignani, Massimiliano"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247692", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469279, "title": "Withanone and withaferin-A are predicted to interact with transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and block entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Kumar, Vipul", "Dhanjal, Jaspreet Kaur", "Bhargava, Priyanshu", "Kaul, Ashish", "Wang, Jia", "Zhang, Huayue", "Kaul, Sunil C", "Wadhwa, Renu", "Sundar, Durai"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469279", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) initiated in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and became pandemic causing high fatality and disrupted normal life calling world almost to a halt. Causative agent is a novel coronavirus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV). While new line of drug/vaccine development has been initiated world-wide, in the current scenario of high infected numbers, severity of the disease and high morbidity, repurposing of the existing drugs is heavily explored. Here, we used a homology-based structural model of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), a cell surface receptor, required for entry of virus to the target host cell. Using the strengths of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we examined the binding potential of Withaferin-A (Wi-A), Withanone (Wi-N) and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester to TPMRSS2 in comparison to its known inhibitor, Camostat mesylate. We found that both Wi-A and Wi-N could bind and stably interact at the catalytic site of TMPRSS2. Wi-N showed stronger interactions with TMPRSS2 catalytic residues than Wi-A, and also able to induce changes in its allosteric site. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of Wi-N on TMPRSS2 expression in MCF7 cells and found remarkable downregulation of TMPRSS2 mRNA in treated cells predicting dual action of Wi-N to block SARS-CoV-2 entry to the host cells. Since the natural compounds are easily available/affordable, they may even offer a timely therapeutic/preventive value for the management of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We also report that Wi-A/Wi-N content varies in different parts of Ashwagandha and warrants careful attention for their use."}, {"pmid": 32473596, "title": "Pharmacological Agents Targeting Thromboinflammation in COVID-19: Review and Implications for Future Research.", "journal": "Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Bikdeli, Behnood", "Madhavan, Mahesh V", "Gupta, Aakriti", "Jimenez, David", "Burton, John R", "Der Nigoghossian, Caroline", "Chuich, Taylor", "Nouri, Shayan Nabavi", "Dreyfus, Isaac", "Driggin, Elissa", "Sethi, Sanjum", "Sehgal, Kartik", "Chatterjee, Saurav", "Ageno, Walter", "Madjid, Mohammad", "Guo, Yutao", "Tang, Liang V", "Hu, Yu", "Bertoletti, Laurent", "Giri, Jay", "Cushman, Mary", "Quere, Isabelle", "Dimakakos, Evangelos P", "Gibson, C Michael", "Lippi, Giuseppe", "Favaloro, Emmanuel J", "Fareed, Jawed", "Tafur, Alfonso J", "Francese, Dominic P", "Batra, Jaya", "Falanga, Anna", "Clerkin, Kevin J", "Uriel, Nir", "Kirtane, Ajay", "McLintock, Claire", "Hunt, Beverley J", "Spyropoulos, Alex C", "Barnes, Geoffrey D", "Eikelboom, John W", "Weinberg, Ido", "Schulman, Sam", "Carrier, Marc", "Piazza, Gregory", "Beckman, Joshua A", "Leon, Martin B", "Stone, Gregg W", "Rosenkranz, Stephan", "Goldhaber, Samuel Z", "Parikh, Sahil A", "Monreal, Manuel", "Krumholz, Harlan M", "Konstantinides, Stavros V", "Weitz, Jeffrey I", "Lip, Gregory Y H"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473596", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), currently a worldwide pandemic, is a viral illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The suspected contribution of thrombotic events to morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients has prompted a search for novel potential options for preventing COVID-19-associated thrombotic disease. In this article by the Global COVID-19 Thrombosis Collaborative Group, we describe novel dosing approaches for commonly used antithrombotic agents (especially heparin-based regimens) and the potential use of less widely used antithrombotic drugs in the absence of confirmed thrombosis. Although these therapies may have direct antithrombotic effects, other mechanisms of action, including anti-inflammatory or antiviral effects, have been postulated. Based on survey results from this group of authors, we suggest research priorities for specific agents and subgroups of patients with COVID-19. Further, we review other agents, including immunomodulators, that may have antithrombotic properties. It is our hope that the present document will encourage and stimulate future prospective studies and randomized trials to study the safety, efficacy, and optimal use of these agents for prevention or management of thrombosis in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32391440, "pmcid": "PMC7200322", "title": "Current efforts and challenges facing responses to 2019-nCoV in Africa.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Lucero-Prisno, Don Eliseo 3rd", "Adebisi, Yusuff Adebayo", "Lin, Xu"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391440", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus is a pandemic that has started to creep into Africa thus making the virus a truly global, health security threat. The number of new 2019-nCoV cases has been rising in Africa, though currently lower than the cases reported outside the region. African countries have activated their Emergency Operations Centres to coordinate responses and preparedness activities to the pandemic. A series of measures such as restricting travel, case detection and contact tracing, mandatory quarantine, guidance and information to the public among other efforts are being implemented across Africa. However, the presence of porous borders, the double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases, poverty, poor health literacy,\u00a0infodemic and family clustering, and most of all, weak health systems, may make containment challenging. It is important for African countries to continue to intensify efforts and address the challenges to effectively respond to the uncertainty the pandemic poses."}, {"pmid": 32321623, "pmcid": "PMC7200837", "title": "Effective infection prevention and control strategies in a large, accredited, psychiatric facility in Singapore.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Poremski, Daniel", "Subner, Sandra H", "Lam, Grace F K", "Dev, Raveen", "Mok, Yee Ming", "Chua, Hong Choon", "Fung, Daniel Ss"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321623", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473197, "pmcid": "PMC7251404", "title": "Pediatric Modification of the Medically Necessary, Time-Sensitive Scoring System for Operating Room Procedure Prioritization During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Slidell, Mark B", "Kandel, Jessica J", "Prachand, Vivek", "Baroody, Fuad M", "Gundeti, Mohan S", "Reid, Russell R", "Angelos, Peter", "Matthews, Jeffrey B", "Mak, Grace Z"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic forced surgeons to reconsider concepts of \"elective\" surgery. Perceptions regarding the time-sensitivity and medical necessity of a procedure have taken on greater significance during the pandemic. The evolving ethical and clinical environment requires reappraisal of perioperative factors such as personal protective equipment conservation; limiting the risk of exposure to COVID-19 for patients, families, and health care workers; preservation of hospital beds and intensive care unit resources; and minimizing COVID-19 related perioperative risk to patients. A scaffold for the complex decision-making required for prioritization of Medically Necessary, Time Sensitive (MeNTS) surgeries was developed for adult patients by colleagues at The University of Chicagoi. Although adult MeNTS scoring can be applied across adult surgical specialties, some variables were irrelevant in a pediatric population. Pediatric manifestations of chronic diseases and congenital anomalies were not accounted for. In order to account for the unique challenges children face, we modified the adult MeNTS system for use across pediatric subspecialties. This Pediatric MeNTS (pMeNTS) scoring system was applied to 101 cases both performed and deferred between March 23rd and April 19th, 2020, at The University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital. The pMeNTS scores provides a safe, equitable, transparent, and ethical strategy to prioritize children's surgical procedures. This process is adaptable to individual institutions, and we project it will be useful during the acute phase of the pandemic (maximal limitations) as well as the anticipated recovery phase."}, {"pmid": 32386017, "title": "First CT characteristic appearance of patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Nie, Wei", "Feng, Zhichao", "Mao, Xiaowen", "Rong, Pengfei", "Wang, Wei", "Liang, Qi"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386017", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate imaging features of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to provide concrete evidences for diagnosis of COVID-19. Imaging data of the first chest CT examination and clinical data (age, sex, clinical history, epidemiological history, and laboratory tests) of 163 patients with COVID-19 from 2 hospitals were collected for retrospective analysis. Imaging features of the first chest CT examination and the correspondence between CT manifestations and the nucleic acid test results of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were analyzed. The first chest CT images of 163 COVID-19 patients showed that 92.02% of lesions were ground-glass opacity (GGO), 76.69% were consolidation, and 73.62% were GGO together with consolidation. Multiple lesions were found in 71.17% patients and multiple lobules in 86.50% patients. Lesions in 53.37% patients were found with bronchial inflation signs and those in 36.20% patients presented with \"crazy paving\" pattern, while only 7.36% were found with hilar node enlargement and pleural effusion. First CT findings of 18 patients were found to be inconsistent with the results of pathogen examination. COVID-19 patients showed specific features in the first chest CT examination. The combination of the first chest CT imaging features and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results as well as reexamination if necessary can help to make the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection accurately."}, {"pmid": 32330073, "title": "COVID-19 Lung Injury and High Altitude Pulmonary Edema: A False Equation with Dangerous Implications.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Luks, Andrew M", "Swenson, Erik R"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330073", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amid efforts to care for the large number of patients with COVID-19, there has been considerable speculation about whether the lung injury seen in these patients is different than ARDS from other causes. One idea that has garnered considerable attention, particularly on social media and in free open access medicine is the notion that lung injury due to COVID-19 is more similar to high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Drawing on this concept, it has also been proposed that treatments typically employed in the management of HAPE and other forms of acute altitude illness, pulmonary vasodilators and acetazolamide, should be considered for COVID-19. Despite some similarities in clinical features between the two entities, such as hypoxemia, radiographic opacities and altered lung compliance, the pathophysiological mechanisms of HAPE and lung injury due to COVID-19 are fundamentally different and the entities cannot be viewed as equivalent. While of high utility in the management of HAPE and acute mountain sickness, systemically delivered pulmonary vasodilators and acetazolamide should not be used in the treatment of COVID-19, as they carry the risk of multiple adverse consequences including worsened ventilation-perfusion matching, impaired carbon dioxide transport, systemic hypotension and increased work of breathing."}, {"pmid": 32524795, "title": "Hemoptysis in COVID-19: Pulmonary Emboli Should be Ruled Out.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Ozaras, Resat", "Uraz, Suleyman"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524795", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338708, "pmcid": "PMC7197612", "title": "Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bhimraj, Adarsh", "Morgan, Rebecca L", "Shumaker, Amy Hirsch", "Lavergne, Valery", "Baden, Lindsey", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Edwards, Kathryn M", "Gandhi, Rajesh", "Muller, William J", "O'Horo, John C", "Shoham, Shmuel", "Murad, M Hassan", "Mustafa, Reem A", "Sultan, Shahnaz", "Falck-Ytter, Yngve"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338708", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are many pharmacologic therapies that are being used or considered for treatment of COVID-19. There is a need for frequently updated practice guidelines on their use, based on critical evaluation of rapidly emerging literature. Develop evidence-based rapid guidelines intended to support patients, clinicians and other health-care professionals in their decisions about treatment and management of patients with COVID-19. IDSA formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel of infectious disease clinicians, pharmacists, and methodologists with varied areas of expertise. Process followed a rapid recommendation checklist. The panel prioritized questions and outcomes. Then a systematic review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence and make recommendations. The IDSA guideline panel agreed on 7 treatment recommendations and provided narrative summaries of other treatments undergoing evaluations. The panel expressed the overarching goal that patients be recruited into ongoing trials, which would provide much needed evidence on the efficacy and safety of various therapies for COVID-19, given that we could not make a determination whether the benefits outweigh harms for most treatments."}, {"pmid": 32423293, "title": "Management of Adult Inpatient Otolaryngologic Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Proposed Tier-Based Triage System.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Hussaini, Adnan S", "Clark, Christine M", "Patel, Atur A", "Russo, Mark E", "Chia, Stanley H", "Davidson, Bruce J", "Malekzadeh, Sonya"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed tremendous strain on health care systems, leading to unprecedented challenges and obstacles in the delivery of patient care. Otolaryngologists are frequently called on for inpatient consultations for an array of pathologies, ranging from chronic benign conditions to acutely life-threatening processes. Professional otolaryngologic societies across the world have proposed limiting patient care to time-sensitive and urgent matters; however, limited literature is available to describe how this transient change in philosophy may translate to clinical practice. Here we present a structured algorithm that allows for rapid triage of otolaryngologic consults during the ongoing pandemic, in efforts to minimize infectious spread and protect clinicians while preserving high-quality patient care. Considerations for managing these consults are presented, with a commentary on practical and ethical considerations."}, {"pmid": 32195824, "title": "Can angiotensin receptor-blocking drugs perhaps be harmful in the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Esler, Murray", "Esler, Danielle"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195824", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32057211, "title": "[An update on the epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32057211", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Through literature review and group discussion, Special Expert Group for Control of the Epidemic of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association formulated an update on the epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). The initial source of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was the Huanan seafood market in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, with pangolins as a potential animal host. Currently the main source of infection is NCP patients, and asymptomatic carriers may also be infectious. The virus is believed transmitted mostly via droplets or contact. People are all generally susceptible to the virus. The average incubation period was 5.2 days, and the basic reproductive number R(0) was 2.2 at the onset of the outbreak. Most NCP patients were clinically mild cases. The case fatality rate was 2.38%, and elderly men with underlying diseases were at a higher risk of death. Strategies for prevention and control of NCP include improving epidemic surveillance, quarantining the source of infection, speeding up the diagnosis of suspected cases, optimizing the management of close contacts, tightening prevention and control of cluster outbreaks and hospital infection, preventing possible rebound of the epidemic after people return to work from the Chinese Spring Festival holiday, and strengthening community prevention and control."}, {"pmid": 32307521, "pmcid": "PMC7188131", "title": "Containing COVID-19 in rural and remote areas: experiences from China.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Liu, Xiucheng", "Zhang, Dianan", "Sun, Teng", "Li, Xiang", "Zhang, Hao"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307521", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354631, "pmcid": "PMC7166022", "title": "3D-printed face protective shield in interventional radiology: Evaluation of an immediate solution in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Imaging", "authors": ["Sapoval, M", "Gaultier, A L", "Del Giudice, C", "Pellerin, O", "Kassis-Chikhani, N", "Lemarteleur, V", "Fouquet, V", "Tapie, L", "Morenton, P", "Tavitian, B", "Attal, J P"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354631", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to report the clinical evaluation of a 3D-printed protective face shield designed to protect interventional radiologists from droplet transmission of the SARS-Cov-2. A protective face shield consisting in a standard transparent polymerizing vinyl chloride (PVC) sheet was built using commercially available 3D printers. The 3D-printed face shield was evaluated in 31 interventional procedures in terms of ability to perform the assigned intervention as usual, quality of visual comfort and tolerance using a Likert scale (from 1, as very good to 5, as extremely poor). The mean rating for ability to perform the assigned intervention as usual was 1.7\u00b10.8 (SD) (range: 1-4). The mean visual tolerance rating was 1.6\u00b10.7 (SD) (range: 1-4). The mean tolerability rating was 1.4\u00b10.7 (SD) (range: 1-3). The 3D-printed protective face shield is well accepted in various interventions. It may become an additional option for protection of interventional radiologists."}, {"pmid": 32328991, "pmcid": "PMC7180640", "title": "COVID-19 and the need of targeted inverse quarantine.", "journal": "Eur J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Standl, Fabian", "Jockel, Karl-Heinz", "Stang, Andreas"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328991", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341943, "pmcid": "PMC7182532", "title": "Recommendations on the clinical management of the COVID-19 infection by the <<new coronavirus>> SARS-CoV2. Spanish Paediatric Association working group.", "journal": "An Pediatr (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Calvo, Cristina", "Lopez-Hortelano, Milagros Garcia", "Vicente, Juan Carlos de Carlos", "Martinez, Jose Luis Vazquez"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341943", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Committee of Health and Healthcare (Hubei Province, China) reported that there were 27 cases of pneumonia of unknown origin with symptoms starting on the 8 December. There were 7 serious cases with common exposure in market with shellfish, fish, and live animals, in the city of Wuhan. On 7 January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified that the agent causing the outbreak was a new type of virus of the Coronaviridae family, temporarily called \u00abnew coronavirus\u00bb, 2019-nCoV. On January 30th, 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the outbreak an International Emergency. On 11 February 2020 the WHO assigned it the name of SARS-CoV2 and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2 and COVID-19). The Ministry of Health summoned the Specialties Societies to prepare a clinical protocol for the management of COVID-19. The Spanish Paediatric Association appointed a Working Group of the Societies of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Paediatric Intensive Care to prepare the present recommendations with the evidence available at the time of preparing them."}, {"pmid": 32294078, "pmcid": "PMC7177041", "title": "Comparison of the Indicators of Psychological Stress in the Population of Hubei Province and Non-Endemic Provinces in China During Two Weeks During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in February 2020.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Yuan, Shuai", "Liao, Zhenxin", "Huang, Haojie", "Jiang, Boyue", "Zhang, Xueyan", "Wang, Yingwen", "Zhao, Mingyi"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294078", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND During February 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Hubei Province, China, was at its height, requiring isolation of the population. This study aimed to compare the emotional state, somatic responses, sleep quality, and behavior of people in Hubei Province with non-endemic provinces in China during two weeks in February 2020.\u00a0 MATERIAL AND METHODS Questionnaires were completed by 939 individuals (357 men; 582 women), including 33 from Hubei and 906 from non-endemic provinces. The Stress Response Questionnaire (SRQ) determined the emotional state, somatic responses, and behavior. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure the duration of sleep and sleep quality. RESULTS There were 939 study participants, aged 18-24 years (35.89%) and 25-39 years (35.57%); 65.92% were university students. During a two week period in February 2020, the emotional state and behavior of participants in Hubei improved, but the quality of sleep did not. Health workers and business people became increasingly anxious, but other professionals became less anxious. The data showed that most people in Hubei Province developed a more positive attitude regarding their risk of infection and the chances of surviving the COVID-19 epidemic. CONCLUSIONS During a two-week period, front-line health workers and people in Hubei Province became less anxious about the COVID-19 epidemic, but sleep quality did not improve. Despite public awareness, levels of anxiety exist that affect the quality of life during epidemics, including periods of population quarantine. Therefore, health education should be combined with psychological counseling for vulnerable individuals."}, {"pmid": 32285326, "pmcid": "PMC7153353", "title": "COVID-19: How to Prepare for the Pandemic?", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Lodha, Rakesh", "Kabra, S K"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285326", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471937, "pmcid": "PMC7257617", "title": "Children coronavirus dilemma.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Midulla, Fabio", "Cristiani, Luca", "Mancino, Enrica"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471937", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416984, "pmcid": "PMC7151262", "title": "Burn center function during the COVID-19 pandemic: An international multi-center report of strategy and experience.", "journal": "Burns", "authors": ["Barret, Juan P", "Chong, Si Jack", "Depetris, Nadia", "Fisher, Mark D", "Luo, Gaoxing", "Moiemen, Naiem", "Pham, Tam", "Qiao, Liang", "Wibbenmeyer, Lucy", "Matsumura, Hajime"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416984", "countries": ["Italy", "Singapore", "Spain", "China", "Japan", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, SARS-CO V2 responsible for COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly escalating across the globe. Burn centers gearing for the pandemic must strike a balance between contributing to the pandemic response and preserving ongoing burn care in a safe and ethical fashion. The authors of the present communication represent seven burn centers from China, Singapore, Japan, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). Each center is located at a different point along the pandemic curve and serves different patient populations within their healthcare systems. We review our experience with the virus to date, our strategic approach to burn center function under these circumstances, and lessons learned. The purpose of this communication is to share experiences that will assist with continued preparations to help burn centers advocate for optimum burn care and overcome challenges as this pandemic continues."}, {"pmid": 32217522, "title": "Covid-19: doctors' leaders warn that staff could quit and may die over lack of protective equipment.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Newman, Melanie"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217522", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487436, "pmcid": "PMC7258835", "title": "ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance on clinical nutrition in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Tan, Shanjun", "Wu, Guohao"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487436", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398246, "pmcid": "PMC7246096", "title": "Flattening the curve in COVID-19 using personalised protective equipment: lessons from air pollution.", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Rajagopaian, Sanjay", "Huang, Sui", "Brook, Robert D"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398246", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404471, "pmcid": "PMC7228497", "title": "The sociopolitical context of the COVID-19 response in South Korea.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Kim, Hani"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404471", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292697, "pmcid": "PMC7129775", "title": "Chinese herbal Huo-Gu Formula for treatment of steroid-associated osteonecrosis of femoral head: a 14-years follow-up of convalescent SARS patients.", "journal": "J Orthop Translat", "authors": ["Huang, Zeqing", "Fu, Fanyu", "Ye, Hengli", "Gao, Huanhuan", "Tan, Biao", "Wang, Rongtian", "Lin, Na", "Qin, Ling", "Chen, Weiheng"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292697", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reminds us of the SARS outbreak in 2003, and up to date, corticosteroid is commonly administrated to severe patients with COVID-19. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common disabling complication among convalescent SARS patients who received corticosteroid therapy. In China, a considerable number of convalescent SARS patients with steroid-associated ONFH had undergone conservative treatment by Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and this study aims to evaluate the long-term results of a spleen-invigorating Huo-Gu Formula (HGF) therapy in these patients. and methods: A total of 33 convalescent SARS patients (nine males and 24 females) with bilateral steroid-associated ONFH (66 hips) were enrolled in this study. All patients received oral HGF therapy for six months when they were confirmed the diagnosis of steroid-associated ONFH. They had been regularly followed up at an interval of one year. Harris hip score and medical imaging modalities, including plain radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, were performed to evaluate the outcomes. Based on average 14 years of follow-up of HGF therapy (ranging from six to 16 years), 38 hips (57%) among the 66 hips developed definite osteoarthritis, and 14 hips (26%) in 53 pre-collapse hips (ARCO stage I or II) progressed to femoral head collapse(ARCO stage III or IV). Only five patients (also five hips) underwent total hip arthroplasty, and the mean hip survival time was over 15 years by the Kaplan-Meier analysis. We observed a mean Harris hip score of 63 points, which represented the reserve of 55% in pain score and 70% in physical function score. The severity of groin pain was not correlated to the severity of osteoarthritis. Chinese herbal HGF therapy demonstrates beneficial effects on preventing femoral head collapse, delaying total hip arthroplasty (THA)surgery, and maintaining physical function in the treatment of steroid-associated ONFH. HGF therapy might be therefore a good alternative for the treatment of steroid-associated ONFH secondary to rheumatologic and infection diseases."}, {"pmid": 32375144, "title": "Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance on Behalf of the International Fetal Medicine and Surgery Society.", "journal": "Fetal Diagn Ther", "authors": ["Deprest, Jan", "Choolani, Mahesh", "Chervenak, Frank", "Farmer, Diana", "Lagrou, Katrien", "Lopriore, Enrico", "McCullough, Laurence", "Olutoye, Olutoyin", "Simpson, Lynn", "Van Mieghem, Tim", "Ryan, Greg"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375144", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has stressed patients and healthcare givers alike and challenged our practice of antenatal care, including fetal diagnosis and therapy. This document aims to review relevant recent information to allow us to optimize prenatal care delivery. We discuss potential modifications to obstetric management and fetal procedures in SARS-CoV2-negative and SARS-CoV2-positive patients with fetal anomalies or disorders. Most fetal therapies are time sensitive and cannot be delayed. If personnel and resources are available, we should continue to offer procedures of proven benefit, acknowledging any fetal and maternal risks, including those to health care workers. There is, to date, minimal, unconfirmed evidence of spontaneous vertical transmission, though it may theoretically be increased with some procedures. Knowing a mother's preoperative SARS-CoV-2 status would enable us to avoid or defer certain procedures while she is contagious and to protect health care workers appropriately. Some fetal conditions may alternatively be managed neonatally. Counseling regarding fetal interventions which have a possibility of additional intra- or postoperative morbidity must be performed in the context of local resource availability. Procedures of unproven benefit should not be offered. We encourage participation in registries and trials that may help us to understand the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women, their fetuses, and neonates."}, {"pmid": 32130973, "pmcid": "PMC7114098", "title": "A potential role for integrins in host cell entry by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Antiviral Res", "authors": ["Sigrist, Christian Ja", "Bridge, Alan", "Le Mercier, Philippe"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32130973", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407746, "pmcid": "PMC7214308", "title": "Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in 2019 novel coronavirus: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Wang, Xiang", "Wang, Shoujun", "Sun, Liangge", "Qin, Guijun"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407746", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a new strain ofcoronavirus named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has been discovered in Wuhan. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, which is a great public health issue leading to immunity inhibition and anincreased incidenceofinfections, has been increasing over the past ten years. The aim of this research was to systematically assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among 2019-nCoV. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Medline for observational studies up to February 25, 2020. A random effects model or fixed-effects model was applied to evaluate the pooled prevalence of diabetes mellitus and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). In total, nine papers met the eligibility criteria. The pooled prevalence of DM was 9% (95% CI 6%-12%). There was obvious heterogeneity (I2 65%, p\u00a0=\u00a00.004) in the prevalence of DM in these studies. The prevalence of DM in moderate patients with 2019-nCoV was 7% (95% CI 4%-10%). The prevalence of DM in severe patients with 2019-nCoV was 17% (95% CI 13%-21%). The prevalence of DM in severe patients with 2019-nCoV was significantly higher than that in moderate patients with 2019-nCoV (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.70 to 3.64). To our knowledge, this work is the first report showing the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with 2019-nCoV, which is beneficial to prevent the spread of 2019-nCoV in the future."}, {"pmid": 32243951, "pmcid": "PMC7271332", "title": "Inactivation of coronaviruses by heat.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Kampf, G", "Voss, A", "Scheithauer, S"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243951", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379887, "pmcid": "PMC7239156", "title": "T cell subset counts in peripheral blood can be used as discriminatory biomarkers for diagnosis and severity prediction of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jiang, Mei", "Guo, Yang", "Luo, Qing", "Huang, ZiKun", "Zhao, Rui", "Liu, ShuYuan", "Le, AiPing", "Li, JunMing", "Wan, LaGen"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379887", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study evaluated the significance of lymphocyte subsets detection in peripheral blood in the diagnosis and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our results revealed that CD3+T, CD4+T, CD8+T cells and NK cells were significantly decreased in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients had a relatively slight decrease in CD4+T cells but a severe decrease of CD8+T cells. The significantly elevated CD4/CD8 ratio was observed in COVID-19 patients. T cell subset counts were related to the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. The counts of CD8+T and CD4+T cells can be used as diagnostic markers of COVID-19 and predictors of disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32532729, "title": "Why I won't see you on the barricades: Disability and COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Fam Physician", "authors": ["Neilson, Shane"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532729", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32023684, "title": "[Efficient management of novel coronavirus pneumonia by efficient prevention and control in scientific manner].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Gao, Z C"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023684", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of 2019, sporadic and clustered case with \"pneumonia of unknown origin\" emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province. The causative pathogen was quickly confirmed as \"2019-nCoV\" . The epidemic soon spread throughout the country and became a pandemic in over a month. Government and medical institutions across the country mobilized all kinds of resources and took a variety of measures to actively treat patients and stop the epidemic. Based on current studies, the author summarized the clinical characteristics and evolution of the novel viral pneumonia, and proposed the key points of diagnosis and treatment, the scientific management of both confirmed and suspected cases, and the scientific management of disease prevention and control."}, {"pmid": 32462545, "pmcid": "PMC7251321", "title": "Treatments Administered to the First 9152 Reported Cases of COVID-19: A Systematic Review.", "journal": "Infect Dis Ther", "authors": ["Fajgenbaum, David C", "Khor, Johnson S", "Gorzewski, Alexander", "Tamakloe, Mark-Avery", "Powers, Victoria", "Kakkis, Joseph J", "Repasky, Mileva", "Taylor, Anne", "Beschloss, Alexander", "Hernandez-Miyares, Laura", "Go, Beatrice", "Nimgaonkar, Vivek", "McCarthy, Madison S", "Kim, Casey J", "Pai, Ruth-Anne Langan", "Frankl, Sarah", "Angelides, Philip", "Jiang, Joanna", "Rasheed, Rozena", "Napier, Erin", "Mackay, Duncan", "Pierson, Sheila K"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462545", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of SARS-CoV-2/2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has created a global pandemic with no approved treatments or vaccines. Many treatments have already been administered to COVID-19 patients but have not been systematically evaluated. We performed a systematic literature review to identify all treatments reported to be administered to COVID-19 patients and to\u00a0assess time to clinically meaningful response for treatments with sufficient data. We searched PubMed, BioRxiv, MedRxiv, and ChinaXiv for articles reporting treatments for COVID-19 patients published between 1 December 2019 and 27 March 2020. Data were analyzed descriptively. Of the 2706 articles identified, 155 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 9152 patients. The cohort was 45.4% female and 98.3% hospitalized, and mean (SD) age was 44.4\u00a0years (SD 21.0). The most frequently administered drug classes were antivirals, antibiotics, and corticosteroids, and of the 115 reported drugs, the most frequently administered was combination lopinavir/ritonavir, which was associated with a time to clinically meaningful response (complete symptom resolution or hospital discharge) of 11.7 (1.09) days. There were insufficient data to compare across treatments. Many treatments have been administered to the first 9152 reported cases of COVID-19. These data serve as the basis for an open-source registry of all reported treatments given to COVID-19 patients\u00a0at www.CDCN.org/CORONA. Further work is needed to prioritize drugs for investigation in well-controlled clinical trials and treatment protocols."}, {"pmid": 32403318, "title": "Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and the Host Innate Immune Response.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Li, Shasha", "Yang, Jinping", "Zhu, Zixiang", "Zheng, Haixue"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403318", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a swine enteropathogenic coronavirus (CoV), is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). PED causes lethal watery diarrhea in piglets, which has led to substantial economic losses in many countries and is a great threat to the global swine industry. Interferons (IFNs) are major cytokines involved in host innate immune defense, which induce the expression of a broad range of antiviral effectors that help host to control and antagonize viral infections. PEDV infection does not elicit a robust IFN response, and some of the mechanisms used by the virus to counteract the host innate immune response have been unraveled. PEDV evades the host innate immune response by two main strategies including: (1) encoding IFN antagonists to disrupt innate immune pathway, and (2) hiding its viral RNA to avoid the exposure of viral RNA to immune sensors. This review highlights the immune evasion mechanisms employed by PEDV, which provides insights for the better understanding of PEDV-host interactions and developing effective vaccines and antivirals against CoVs."}, {"pmid": 32346073, "pmcid": "PMC7186532", "title": "COVID-19: towards understanding of pathogenesis.", "journal": "Cell Res", "authors": ["Cao, Wei", "Li, Taisheng"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346073", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171057, "pmcid": "PMC7103943", "title": "Implications of COVID-19 for patients with pre-existing digestive diseases.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Mao, Ren", "Liang, Jie", "Shen, Jun", "Ghosh, Subrata", "Zhu, Liang-Ru", "Yang, Hong", "Wu, Kai-Chun", "Chen, Min-Hu"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171057", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422330, "pmcid": "PMC7229472", "title": "COVID-19: Launching neurosurgery into the era of telehealth in the United States.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Wright, Christina Huang", "Wright, James", "Shammassian, Berje"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422330", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The authors discuss the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of telehealth in the United States."}, {"pmid": 32303485, "pmcid": "PMC7151337", "title": "French consensus on management of head and neck cancer surgery during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Fakhry, N", "Schultz, P", "Moriniere, S", "Breuskin, I", "Bozec, A", "Vergez, S", "de Garbory, L", "Hartl, D", "Temam, S", "Lescanne, E", "Couloigner, V", "Barry, B"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303485", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the current pandemic, there is a need for specific advice concerning treatment of patients with Head and Neck cancers. The rule is to limit as much as possible the number of patients in order to reduce the risks of contamination by the SARS-Cov-2 virus for both patients and the caregivers, who are particularly exposed in ENT. The aim is to minimize the risk of loss of opportunity for patients and to anticipate the increased number of cancer patients to be treated at the end of the pandemic, taking into account the degree of urgency, the difficulty of the surgery, the risk of contaminating the caregivers (tracheotomy) and the local situation (whether or not the hospital and intensive care departments are overstretched)."}, {"pmid": 32348545, "pmcid": "PMC7267236", "title": "Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Galvan Casas, C", "Catala, A", "Carretero Hernandez, G", "Rodriguez-Jimenez, P", "Fernandez Nieto, D", "Rodriguez-Villa Lario, A", "Navarro Fernandez, I", "Ruiz-Villaverde, R", "Falkenhain, D", "Llamas Velasco, M", "Garcia-Gavin, J", "Baniandres, O", "Gonzalez-Cruz, C", "Morillas-Lahuerta, V", "Cubiro, X", "Figueras Nart, I", "Selda-Enriquez, G", "Romani, J", "Fusta-Novell, X", "Melian-Olivera, A", "Roncero Riesco, M", "Burgos-Blasco, P", "Sola Ortigosa, J", "Feito Rodriguez, M", "Garcia-Doval, I"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348545", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease are poorly characterized. To describe the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease and to relate them to other clinical findings. We carried out a nationwide case collection survey of images and clinical data. Using a consensus we described five clinical patterns. We later described the association of these patterns with patient demographics, the timing in relation to symptoms of the disease, the severity and the prognosis. The lesions may be classified as acral areas of erythema with vesicles or pustules (pseudo-chilblain) (19%), other vesicular eruptions (9%), urticarial lesions (19%), maculopapular eruptions (47%) and livedo or necrosis (6%). Vesicular eruptions appear early in the course of the disease (15% before other symptoms). The pseudo-chilblain pattern frequently appears late in the evolution of the COVID-19 disease (59% after other symptoms), while the rest tend to appear with other symptoms of COVID-19. The severity of COVID-19 shows a gradient from less severe disease in acral lesions to more severe in the latter groups. The results are similar for confirmed and suspected cases, in terms of both clinical and epidemiological findings. Alternative diagnoses are discussed but seem unlikely for the most specific patterns (pseudo-chilblain and vesicular). We provide a description of the cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection. These may help clinicians approach patients with the disease and recognize cases presenting with few symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32428997, "title": "Geriatric practice during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Geriatr Gerontol Int", "authors": ["Omura, Takuya", "Araki, Atsushi", "Shigemoto, Kazuhiro", "Toba, Kenji"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284281, "pmcid": "PMC7128154", "title": "Hemoglobin value may be decreased in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Hematol Transfus Cell Ther", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Mattiuzzi, Camilla"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284281", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491075, "title": "Cardiovascular Implications in Patients Infected with Covid-19 and the Importance of Social Isolation to Reduce Dissemination of the Disease.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Costa, Juliana Alves", "Silveira, Juliana de Almeida", "Santos, Sara Cristine Marques Dos", "Nogueira, Patricia Pereira"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491075", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory symptoms, especially the development of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, dominate the discussion and initial concerns of the population and health professionals. However, the cardiovascular system is greatly affected by these conditions and is often responsible for complications and mortality of these patients. In order to show the cardiovascular implications in patients infected with COVID-19 and the importance of social isolation as an alternative to curb the spread of the disease, a literature review was carried out based on 37 articles, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, available on Scielo and PubMed. The findings showed that cardiac complications associated with COVID-19 infection are similar to those produced by: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and influenza. However, COVID-19 has a much greater and faster contamination and, unlike influenza, there is no vaccine or treatment available yet. In view of this, social isolation becomes a tool that can reduce and flatten the curve of cases and thus protect the people at higher risk, decreasing the chances of serious conditions related to the disease, potential deaths and the collapse of the country's health system."}, {"pmid": 32383409, "title": "Notes From the Field: Vape Shop Business Operations Compliance in the Wake of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eval Health Prof", "authors": ["Medel, Donna", "Meza, Leah", "Galimov, Artur", "Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes", "Sussman, Steve"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383409", "countries": ["United States", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the closing of all but essential businesses in California. However, several nonessential businesses have remained open in Southern California despite the mandated \"stay at home\" order issued by the governor. As part of an ongoing vape shop project involving 88 participating shops, this study investigated the number of vape shops that remained open amidst the coronavirus outbreak and related mandates. Examination of shop social media websites and telephone calls to shops revealed that 61.4% (n = 54) have remained open, particularly within Korean/Asian and Hispanic/Latino ethnic locations (32 of the 54 shops). Importantly, walk-in service was much higher within Hispanic/Latino locations compared to African American, Korean/Asian, or non-Hispanic White neighborhoods (p = 0.03). It is not known if shops that stayed open were in direct violation of the order, didn't know all the details of the order, or found a loophole in the order and believed that they were an essential business. Better communication between the vape shop industry and public health officials during this pandemic is needed."}, {"pmid": 32383827, "pmcid": "PMC7235489", "title": "COVID-19 in pediatric oncology from French pediatric oncology and hematology centers: High risk of severe forms?", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Andre, Nicolas", "Rouger-Gaudichon, Jeremie", "Brethon, Benoit", "Phulpin, Aurelie", "Thebault, Eric", "Pertuisel, Sophie", "Gandemer, Virginie"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383827", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356096, "pmcid": "PMC7192057", "title": "A plea for unification of surgical guidelines in the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Hernia", "authors": ["East, B", "Kaufmann, R", "de Beaux, A C"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356096", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392464, "pmcid": "PMC7207110", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: Combating Coronavirus Emergence.", "journal": "Immunity", "authors": ["Graham, Rachel L", "Baric, Ralph S"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392464", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence and rapid global spread of SARS-CoV-2 mark the third such identification of a novel coronavirus capable of causing severe, potentially fatal disease in humans in the 21st century. As noted by Andersen et\u00a0al. (Nature Medicine), the sequencing of proximal zoonotic ancestors to SARS-CoV-2 has aided in the identification of alleles that may contribute to the virus' virulence in humans."}, {"pmid": 32526012, "title": "ACE2 Expression is Increased in the Lungs of Patients with Comorbidities Associated with Severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pinto, Bruna G G", "Oliveira, Antonio E R", "Singh, Youvika", "Jimenez, Leandro", "Goncalves, Andre N A", "Ogava, Rodrigo L T", "Creighton, Rachel", "Peron, Jean Pierre Schatzmann", "Nakaya, Helder I"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526012", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "who died from COVID-19 often had comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and chronic obstructive lung disease. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is crucial for SARS-CoV2 to bind and enter host cells, no study has systematically assessed the ACE2 expression in the lungs of patients with these diseases. Here, we analyzed over 700 lung transcriptome samples of patients with comorbidities associated with severe COVID-19 and found that ACE2 was highly expressed in these patients, compared to control individuals. This finding suggests that patients with such comorbidities may have higher chances of developing severe COVID-19. Correlation and network analyses revealed many potential regulators of ACE2 in the human lung, including genes related to histone modifications, such as HAT1, HDAC2, and KDM5B. Our systems biology approach offers a possible explanation for increase of COVID-19 severity in patients with certain comorbidities."}, {"pmid": 32389141, "pmcid": "PMC7251283", "title": "Providing quality end-of-life care to older people in the era of COVID-19: perspectives from five countries.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Lapid, Maria I", "Koopmans, Raymond", "Sampson, Elizabeth L", "Van den Block, Lieve", "Peisah, Carmelle"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414991, "title": "At a crossroads, wondering which way to go.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414991", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Having returned from travelling and working in Australia, the Covid-19 pandemic has given Anna Leach the chance to consider where she would like to take her career next."}, {"pmid": 32432527, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine against COVID-19: A critical appraisal of the existing evidence.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Tselios, Konstantinos", "Skendros, Panagiotis"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432527", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has sparked much interest in the therapeutics of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Its antiviral properties have been studied for years; regarding the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), it has been shown that HCQ may act at multiple levels. These extend from the initial attachment of the virus to the respiratory epithelium to the inhibition of its replication by the alkalinisation of the phagolysosome's microenvironment and the post-translational modification of certain viral proteins. Preliminary clinical evidence from China and France showed significant virological and clinical benefit in HCQ-treated patients, while other studies, mostly including critically ill patients, did not show favorable results. In this review, we critically appraise the existing evidence on HCQ against SARS-CoV-2 with particular emphasis on its protective and therapeutic role. Safety concerns that are relevant to the short-term HCQ use are also discussed. In the context of the rapid evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic that strains the health care systems worldwide and considering limited population-wide testing rates in most of the vulnerable countries, early empiric short-term administration of HCQ in symptomatic individuals, may be a promising, safe and low-cost strategy."}, {"pmid": 32117569, "pmcid": "PMC7029759", "title": "Therapeutic strategies in an outbreak scenario to treat the novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "F1000Res", "authors": ["Kruse, Robert L"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32117569", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in Wuhan, China presents a potential respiratory viral pandemic to the world population. Current efforts are focused on containment and quarantine of infected individuals. Ultimately, the outbreak could be controlled with a protective vaccine to prevent 2019-nCoV infection. While vaccine research should be pursued intensely, there exists today no therapy to treat 2019-nCoV upon infection, despite an urgent need to find options to help these patients and preclude potential death. Herein, I review the potential options to treat 2019-nCoV in patients, with an emphasis on the necessity for speed and timeliness in developing new and effective therapies in this outbreak. I consider the options of drug repurposing, developing neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapy, and an oligonucleotide strategy targeting the viral RNA genome, emphasizing the promise and pitfalls of these approaches. Finally, I advocate for the fastest strategy to develop a treatment now, which could be resistant to any mutations the virus may have in the future. The proposal is a biologic that blocks 2019-nCoV entry using a soluble version of the viral receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), fused to an immunoglobulin Fc domain, providing a neutralizing antibody with maximal breath to avoid any viral escape, while also helping to recruit the immune system to build lasting immunity. The sequence of the ACE2-Fc protein is provided to investigators, allowing its possible use in recombinant protein expression systems to start producing drug today to treat patients under compassionate use, while formal clinical trials are later undertaken. Such a treatment could help infected patients before a protective vaccine is developed and widely available in the coming months to year(s)."}, {"pmid": 32427209, "pmcid": "PMC7232593", "title": "A plague on both your houses: European and Asian responses to Coronavirus.", "journal": "Asia Eur J", "authors": ["Beeson, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427209", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515729, "title": "Evaluation of the COVID-19 pandemic using an algorithm based on the Bateman function: Prediction of disease progression using observational data for the city of Heidelberg, Germany.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Merle, Uta", "Lassmann, Axel", "Dressel, Alexander R", "Braun, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515729", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has been evaluated using an algorithm based on the Bateman function in a modified SIR/SIZ-Model. Prediction of the number of persons carrying the live COVID-19 coronavirus (I) in a susceptible population (S) was achieved using two rate constants describing the rate of increase and decrease in the number of infectious persons on a daily basis. The model was verified using observational data for the city of Heidelberg, Germany. Three hypothetical scenarios, having their counterparts in practice were considered, namely Scenario A - No restrictions on the population; Scenario B - Assumption of a 10-fold higher number of infections than observed; Scenario C - Protective measures introduced only for elderly persons. It could be demonstrated using the model that the lockdown measures introduced prevented a major medical emergency and possibly a near catastrophe in the region. It was further demonstrated that the prospective application of the model can facilitate realtime decisions on pandemic management strategy for the population. This is achieved by curve-fitting for the rate constants, determinants for the number of infectious persons. The calculated maximum numbers of infected and infectious persons daily increased in proportion to the number of persons initially susceptible to the infection. After appearance of the first two infections in Heidelberg, the calculated maximum number of persons carrying live virus was 2,291 at Day 102 (Scenario B), 18,936 infectious persons at Day 139 (Scenario C) and 22,535 infectious at Day 142 (Scenario A). In Scenario A, high values would have persisted for 6 months during which a total of 124,301 persons would have been infected in Heidelberg. The model predicted that the virus would have disappeared within 1 year after being first detected. A disease catastrophe of this magnitude would not be expected provided the rate constant (\u03b1) for the rate of increase in the number of infectious persons remained lower than the rate constant (\u03b2) for the fall in number of infectious persons.\u2029."}, {"pmid": 32475730, "pmcid": "PMC7253951", "title": "Recommendations on contingency operations for hospitals in response to COVID-19 cases identified in inpatients - Taiwan.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chien, Li-Jung", "Su, Chiu-Hsia", "Wu, Hao-Hsin"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475730", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522278, "title": "Cancer history is an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a propensity score-matched analysis.", "journal": "J Hematol Oncol", "authors": ["Meng, Yifan", "Lu, Wanrong", "Guo, Ensong", "Liu, Jia", "Yang, Bin", "Wu, Ping", "Lin, Shitong", "Peng, Ting", "Fu, Yu", "Li, Fuxia", "Wang, Zizhuo", "Li, Yuan", "Xiao, Rourou", "Liu, Chen", "Huang, Yuhan", "Lu, Funian", "Wu, Xue", "You, Lixin", "Ma, Ding", "Sun, Chaoyang", "Wu, Peng", "Chen, Gang"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522278", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although research on the effects of comorbidities on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is increasing, the risk of cancer history has not been evaluated for the mortality of patients with COVID-19. In this retrospective study, we included 3232 patients with pathogen-confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized between January 18th and March 27th, 2020, at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. Propensity score matching was used to minimize selection bias. In total, 2665 patients with complete clinical outcomes were analyzed. The impacts of age, sex, and comorbidities were evaluated separately using binary logistic regression analysis. The results showed that age, sex, and cancer history are independent risk factors for mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients with cancer exhibited a significant increase in mortality rate (29.4% vs. 10.2%, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the clinical outcomes of patients with hematological malignancies were worse, with a mortality rate twice that of patients with solid tumors (50% vs. 26.1%). Importantly, cancer patients with complications had a significantly higher risk of poor outcomes. One hundred nine cancer patients were matched to noncancer controls in a 1:3 ratio by propensity score matching. After propensity score matching, the cancer patients still had a higher risk of mortality than the matched noncancer patients (odds ratio (OR) 2.98, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.76-5.06). Additionally, elevations in ferritin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, procalcitonin, prothrombin time, interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were observed in cancer patients. We evaluated prognostic factors with epidemiological analysis and highlighted a higher risk of mortality for cancer patients with COVID-19. Importantly, cancer history was the only independent risk factor for COVID-19 among common comorbidities, while other comorbidities may act through other factors. Moreover, several laboratory parameters were significantly different between cancer patients and matched noncancer patients, which may indicate specific immune and inflammatory reactions in COVID-19 patients with cancer."}, {"pmid": 32432780, "title": "Self-protection of medical workers in ophthalmology clinic during COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Hua, L", "Zhu, H", "Liu, H"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432780", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a coronavirus called SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has been observed that COVID-19 mainly spreads via respiratory tract, contact and digestive tract. Due to the particularity of profession, ophthalmic medical workers need to be in close contact with patients, so they have a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this paper, therefore, the self-protection of medical workers in ophthalmology clinic during COVID-19 epidemic was summarized, so as to improve the occupational protection measures for medical workers in ophthalmology clinic, strengthen the self-protection awareness, and protect the safety of such a special group."}, {"pmid": 32433248, "pmcid": "PMC7258840", "title": "Technologies to optimize the care of severe COVID-19 patients for healthcare providers challenged by limited resources.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Rubulotta, Francesca", "Soliman-Aboumarie, Hatem", "Filbey, Kevin", "Geldner, Goetz", "Kuck, Kai", "Ganau, Mario", "Hemmerling, Thomas M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433248", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare systems are belligerently responding to the new Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS co-V2) is a specific condition, whose distinctive features are severe hypoxemia associated with (>50% of cases) normal respiratory system compliance. When a patient requires intubation and invasive ventilation the outcome is poor and the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) is usually two or three weeks. In this manuscript, authors will review several technological devices, which could support healthcare providers at the bedside to optimise the care for COVID-19 patients who are sedated, paralysed and ventilated. Particular attention is provided to the use of video-laryngoscopes (VL) because these can assist anaesthetists to perform a successful intubation outside the ICU while protecting healthcare providers from this viral infection. Authors will also review processed electroencephalographic (EEG) monitors which are used to better titrate sedation and the train of four monitors which are utilised to better titrate neuromuscular blocking agents in the view of sparing limited pharmacological resources. COVID-19 can rapidly exhaust human and technological resources too within the ICU. This review features a series of technological advancements that can significantly improve the care of patients requiring isolation. The working conditions in isolation could cause gaps or barriers in communication, fatigue and poor documentation of provided care. The available technology has several advantages including: a) facilitating appropriate paperless documentation and communication between all healthcare givers working in isolation rooms or large isolation areas; b) testing patients and staff at the bedside using smart point of care diagnostics (SPOCD) to confirm COVID-19 infection; c) allowing diagnostics and treatment at the bedside through point of care ultrasound (POCUS) and Thromboelastography (TEG); d) adapting the use of anaesthetic machines and the use of volatile anaesthetics. Implementing technologies for safeguarding healthcare providers as well as monitoring the limited pharmacological resources is paramount. Only by leveraging new technologies it will be possible to sustain and support healthcare systems during the expected long course of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32530148, "title": "[Preliminary report on the Covid-19 outbreak in Valle d'Aosta dialysis centers].", "journal": "G Ital Nefrol", "authors": ["Manes, Massimo", "Radin, Elisabetta", "Pellu, Valentina", "Molino, Andrea", "Gabrielli, Danila", "Paternoster, Giuseppe", "Parodi, Emanuele", "Priante, Laura", "Catania, Alberto", "Doveri, Giulio"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530148", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Valle d'Aosta, Italy's smallest region, faced a Covid-19 epidemic trend of absolute relevance. In line with data concerning the local general population, the predominance of the illness among uremic patients has been high. The authors report here preliminary data on the spread of this disease within the region and on the clinical trend of the infected patients who needed to be hospitalised."}, {"pmid": 32333545, "pmcid": "PMC7253117", "title": "Nonessential Research in the New Normal: The Impact of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Yanow, Stephanie K", "Good, Michael F"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333545", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403010, "pmcid": "PMC7198434", "title": "Evaluation of two automated and three rapid lateral flow immunoassays for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Montesinos, Isabel", "Gruson, Damien", "Kabamba, Benoit", "Dahma, Hafid", "Van den Wijngaert, Sigi", "Reza, Soleimani", "Carbone, Vincenzo", "Vandenberg, Olivier", "Gulbis, Beatrice", "Wolff, Fleur", "Rodriguez-Villalobos, Hector"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403010", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays have been developed recently. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of five immunoassays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Two quantitative automated immunoassays (Maglumi\u21222019-n-Cov IgG and IgM and Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA assays) and three lateral flow rapid tests were performed. This retrospective study included 200 residual sera from patients and healthy volunteers. Case serum samples (n = 128) were obtained from COVID-19 patients confirmed by RT-qPCR and CT-scan. Days since onset of symptoms was collected from their medical records. Control non-SARS-CoV-2 samples (n = 72) were obtained from anonymous stored residual serum samples. Maglumi\u2122 IgG/IgM tests showed overall less sensitivity than Euroimmun IgG/IgA test (84.4 % versus 64.3 %). Both tests showed similar specificities of IgG at 99 % and 100 %, respectively. The results from the lateral flow assays were easily interpretable with unambiguous coloured reading bands. The overall sensitivity of the three tests was similar (around 70 %) without any significant differences. The sensitivity of the three lateral flow assays and also of the serological quantitative assays increased during the second week after symptom onset and all reached similar values (91 %-94 %) after 14 days. This study shows accurate and equivalent performance of the five serological antibody assays (ELISA, CLIA and three lateral flow tests) in detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 14 days after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. This is compatible with their application in specific clinical contexts and in determining epidemiological strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32001631, "title": "New coronavirus threat galvanizes scientists.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon"], "date": "2020-02-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32001631", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315201, "title": "Mobilization and Preparation of a Large Urban Academic Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Chowdhury, Junad M", "Patel, Maulin", "Zheng, Matthew", "Abramian, Osheen", "Criner, Gerard J"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315201", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418848, "pmcid": "PMC7231737", "title": "Early mobilization in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Valenzuela, Pedro L", "Joyner, Michel", "Lucia, Alejandro"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418848", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503822, "title": "Human Gene Sequences in SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Lehrer, Steven", "Rheinstein, Peter H"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503822", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a previous study, we identified a 117 base severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequence in the human genome with 94.6% identity. The sequence was in chromosome 1p within an intronic region of the netrin G1 (NTNG1) gene. The sequence matched a sequence in the SARS-CoV-2 Orf1b gene in non-structural protein 14 (NSP14), which is an exonuclease and NSP15, an endoribonuclease. In the current study we compared the human genome with other viral genomes to determine some of the characteristics of human sequences found in the latter. Most of the viruses had human sequences, but they were short. Hepatitis A and St Louis encephalitis had human sequences that were longer than the 117 base SARS-Cov-2 sequence, but they were in non-coding regions of the human genome. The SARS-Cov-2 sequence was the only long sequence found in a human gene (NTNG1). The related coronaviruses SARS-Cov had a 41 BP human sequence on chromosome 3 that was not part of a human gene, and MERS had no human sequence. The 117 base SARS-CoV-2 human sequence is relatively close to the viral spike sequence, separated only by NSP16, a 904 base sequence. The mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 infection is the binding of the virus spike protein to the membrane-bound form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and internalization of the complex by the host cell. We have no explanation for the NSP14 and NSP15 SARS-Cov-2 sequences we observed here or how they might relate to infectiousness. Further studies are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32530131, "title": "False-positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction screening for SARS-CoV-2 in the setting of urgent head and neck surgery and otolaryngologic emergencies during the pandemic: Clinical implications.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Katz, Andrew P", "Civantos, Francisco J", "Sargi, Zoukaa", "Leibowitz, Jason M", "Nicolli, Elizabeth A", "Weed, Donald", "Moskovitz, Alexander E", "Civantos, Alyssa M", "Andrews, David M", "Martinez, Octavio", "Thomas, Giovana R"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530131", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No reports describe falsepositive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for novel coronavirus in preoperative screening. Preoperative patients had one or two nasopharyngeal swabs, depending on low or high risk of viral transmission. Positive tests were repeated. Forty-three of 52 patients required two or more preoperative tests. Four (9.3%) had discrepant results (positive/negative). One of these left the coronavirus disease (COVID) unit against medical advice despite an orbital abscess, with unknown true disease status. The remaining 3 of 42 (7.1%) had negative repeat RT-PCR. Although ultimately considered falsepositives, one was sent to a COVID unit postoperatively and two had urgent surgery delayed. Assuming negative repeat RT-PCR, clear chest imaging, and lack of subsequent symptoms represent the \"gold standard,\" RT-PCR specificity was 0.97. If false positives are suspected, we recommend computed tomography (CT) of the chest and repeat RT-PCR. Validated serum immunoglobulin testing may ultimately prove useful."}, {"pmid": 32472687, "title": "Impact of Public Health Interventions on Seasonal Influenza Activity During the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Korea.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lee, Hyunju", "Lee, Heeyoung", "Song, Kyoung-Ho", "Kim, Eu Suk", "Park, Jeong Su", "Jung, Jongtak", "Ahn, Soyeon", "Jeong, Eun Kyeong", "Park, Hyekyung", "Kim, Hong Bin"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472687", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was introduced in Korea early and experienced a large outbreak in mid-February. We aimed to review the public health interventions used during the COVID-19 outbreak and describe the impact on seasonal influenza activity in Korea. National response strategies and public health interventions, along with daily COVID-19 confirmed cases in Korea were reviewed during the pandemic. National influenza surveillance data were compared between seven sequential seasons. Characteristics of each season, including the rate of influenza-like illness (ILI), duration of epidemic, date of termination of epidemic, distribution of influenza virus strain and hospitalization were analyzed. After various public health interventions including enforced public education on hand hygiene, cough etiquette and staying at home with respiratory symptoms, universal mask use in public places, refrain from non-essential social activities and school closure, the duration of the influenza epidemic in 2019/2020 decreased by 6-12 weeks and the influenza activity peak rated 49.8 ILI/1,000 visits compared to 71.9-86.2 ILI/1,000 visits of previous seasons. During the period of enforced social distancing from week 9 to 17 of 2020, influenza hospitalization cases were 11.9-26.9-fold lower compared with previous seasons. During the 2019/2020 season, influenza B accounted for only 4%, in contrast with previous seasons in which influenza B accounted for 26.6% to 54.9% of all cases. Efforts to activate high level national response not only led to a decrease in COVID-19, but also substantial decrease in seasonal influenza activity. Interventions applied to control COVID-19 may serve as useful strategies for prevention and control of influenza in upcoming seasons."}, {"pmid": 32466818, "title": "Did Persian Nowruz Aggravate Covid-19 Crisis in Iran?", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Heidari, Mohammad", "Sayfouri, Nasrin"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466818", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321859, "title": "Twitter as a powerful tool for communication between pain physicians during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Ghosh, Priyanka", "Schwartz, Gary", "Narouze, Samer"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321859", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411496, "pmcid": "PMC7221406", "title": "Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Chronic Dis Transl Med", "authors": ["Yang, Lu-Lu", "Yang, Ting"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411496", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a highly infectious respiratory tract disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause respiratory, physical, and psychological dysfunction in patients. Therefore, pulmonary rehabilitation is crucial for both admitted and discharged patients of COVID-19. In this study, based on the newly released pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines for patients with COVID-19, as well as evidence from the pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome, we investigated pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COVID-19 having complications, such as chronic pulmonary disease, and established an intelligent respiratory rehabilitation model for these patients."}, {"pmid": 32369431, "title": "Otolaryngologists' Role in Redeployment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Commentary.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Shipchandler, Taha Z", "Nesemeier, B Ryan", "Schmalbach, Cecelia E", "Ting, Jonathan Y"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369431", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As otolaryngologists, we identify as subspecialists and fellowship-trained surgeons and may even identify as \"super-subspecialists.\" The likelihood of being redeployed and drawing from knowledge learned during our postgraduate year 1 training seemed exceedingly unlikely until physician resources became scarce in some health care systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. More now than ever, it is evident that our broad training is valuable in helping patients and allowing the otolaryngologist to meaningfully contribute to the larger health care community, especially while the majority (70%-95%) of elective care is delayed. With our skill set, otolaryngologists are poised to support various aspects of hospital wards, intensive care units, emergency departments, and beyond."}, {"pmid": 32088679, "title": "2019-nCoV (Wuhan virus), a novel Coronavirus: human-to-human transmission, travel-related cases, and vaccine readiness.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Ralph, Robyn", "Lew, Jocelyne", "Zeng, Tiansheng", "Francis, Magie", "Xue, Bei", "Roux, Melissa", "Toloue Ostadgavahi, Ali", "Rubino, Salvatore", "Dawe, Nicholas J", "Al-Ahdal, Mohammed N", "Kelvin, David J", "Richardson, Christopher D", "Kindrachuk, Jason", "Falzarano, Darryl", "Kelvin, Alyson Anne"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088679", "countries": ["Thailand", "Canada", "France", "Germany", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Japan", "Viet Nam", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019 the Wuhan Health Commission reported a cluster of atypical pneumonia cases that was linked to a wet market in the city of Wuhan, China. The first patients began experiencing symptoms of illness in mid-December 2019. Clinical isolates were found to contain a novel coronavirus with similarity to bat coronaviruses. As of 28 January 2020, there are in excess of 4,500 laboratory-confirmed cases, with > 100 known deaths. As with the SARS-CoV, infections in children appear to be rare. Travel-related cases have been confirmed in multiple countries and regions outside mainland China including Germany, France, Thailand, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Canada, and the United States, as well as Hong Kong and Taiwan. Domestically in China, the virus has also been noted in several cities and provinces with cases in all but one provinence. While zoonotic transmission appears to be the original source of infections, the most alarming development is that human-to-human transmission is now prevelant. Of particular concern is that many healthcare workers have been infected in the current epidemic. There are several critical clinical questions that need to be resolved, including how efficient is human-to-human transmission? What is the animal reservoir? Is there an intermediate animal reservoir? Do the vaccines generated to the SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV or their proteins offer protection against 2019-nCoV? We offer a research perspective on the next steps for the generation of vaccines. We also present data on the use of in silico docking in gaining insight into 2019-nCoV Spike-receptor binding to aid in therapeutic development. Diagnostic PCR protocols can be found at https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/laboratory-diagnostics-for-novel-coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32379692, "pmcid": "PMC7118627", "title": "Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Complement Ther Clin Pract", "authors": ["Xu, Jia", "Zhang, Yunfei"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379692", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new kind of Pneumonia caused by new corona virus has been widespread in China since winter of 2019. No effective treatment for this disease was verified, so the morbidity and mortality rate were supposed higher than flu. The Traditional Chinese Medicine is widely used in clinical practice in China, but many other countries of the world to deal with diseases that remain clinically challenging."}, {"pmid": 32400364, "pmcid": "PMC7219034", "title": "Evaluation of commercial and automated SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA ELISAs using coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patient samples.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Jaaskelainen, Anne J", "Kekalainen, Eliisa", "Kallio-Kokko, Hannimari", "Mannonen, Laura", "Kortela, Elisa", "Vapalahti, Olli", "Kurkela, Satu", "Lappalainen, Maija"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400364", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Antibody-screening methods to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) need to be validated. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA ELISAs in conjunction with the EUROLabworkstation (Euroimmun, L\u00fcbeck, Germany). Overall specificities were 91.9% and 73.0% for IgG and IgA ELISAs, respectively. Of 39 coronavirus disease patients, 13 were IgG and IgA positive and 11 IgA alone at sampling. IgGs and IgAs were respectively detected at a median of 12 and 11\u2009days after symptom onset."}, {"pmid": 32169866, "title": "Covid-19: GPs call for same personal protective equipment as hospital doctors.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169866", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395910, "pmcid": "PMC7272939", "title": "Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Patients With COVID-19: Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, or Something Else?", "journal": "J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Soldati, Gino", "Giannasi, Gianfranco", "Smargiassi, Andrea", "Inchingolo, Riccardo", "Demi, Libertario"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395910", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a very heterogeneous disease. Some aspects of COVID-19 pneumonia question the real nature of ground glass opacities and its consolidative lesions. It has been hypothesized that COVID-19 lung involvement could represent not only a viral effect but also an immune response induced by the infection, causing epithelial/endothelial lesions and coagulation disorders. We report 3 cases of COVID-19 pneumonia in which contrast-enhanced ultrasound was suggestive of consolidations with perfusion defects, at least in part caused by ischemic or necrotic changes and not only by inflammatory or atelectasis events."}, {"pmid": 32381270, "pmcid": "PMC7194721", "title": "Psychological symptoms among frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan.", "journal": "Gen Hosp Psychiatry", "authors": ["Du, Jiang", "Dong, Lu", "Wang, Tao", "Yuan, Chenxin", "Fu, Rao", "Zhang, Lei", "Liu, Bo", "Zhang, Mingmin", "Yin, Yuanyuan", "Qin, Jiawen", "Bouey, Jennifer", "Zhao, Min", "Li, Xin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381270", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352633, "pmcid": "PMC7267248", "title": "Insights for increased risk of failed fibrinolytic therapy and stent thrombosis associated with COVID-19 in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Lacour, Thibaud", "Semaan, Carl", "Genet, Thibaud", "Ivanes, Fabrice"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352633", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Important health resources are dedicated worldwide to the management of COVID-19. This new disease, due to its large diffusion, may significantly hamper the prognosis of other pathologies, such as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) because of (a) a possible direct negative impact and (b) shortage of first response medical resources and increased delays to reperfusion. We report the case of a 68-year-old man admitted for anterior STEMI and asymptomatic COVID-19. Due to extended transportation delays to a cathlab, he received intravenous fibrinolytic therapy, which failed. Reperfusion was achieved with rescue coronary angioplasty, but the patient experienced two episodes of acute stent thrombosis at 2- and 36-hr following admission and despite optimal medical therapy. He finally died because of cardiogenic shock. This raises concerns about a possible increase in platelet aggregability associated with COVID-19 leading to an increased risk of stent thrombosis, particularly in the context of STEMI. This pleads for the promotion of primary coronary angioplasty as the first-choice revascularization technique in this population and the use of new generation P2Y12 inhibitors. In addition, the use of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors may be considered in every STEMI patient with COVID-19 to prevent the risk of acute stent thrombosis."}, {"pmid": 32515381, "title": "The digestive system and the COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Qureshi, Huma"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515381", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an ongoing healthcare crisis. While COVID- 19 typically presents as fever and respiratory illness, almost 50% of the patients also have associated digestive symptoms which vary from abdominal pain to diarrhoea and indigestion. Literature review of association of COVID- 19 with digestive symptoms was done using Google search and the results are presented herein."}, {"pmid": 32250962, "pmcid": "PMC7159055", "title": "Internet Hospitals Help Prevent and Control the Epidemic of COVID-19 in China: Multicenter User Profiling Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Gong, Kai", "Xu, Zhong", "Cai, Zhefeng", "Chen, Yuxiu", "Wang, Zhanxiang"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250962", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), internet hospitals in China were engaged with epidemic prevention and control, offering epidemic-related online services and medical support to the public. The aim of this study is to explore the role of internet hospitals during the prevention and control of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Online epidemic-related consultations from multicenter internet hospitals in China during the COVID-19 epidemic were collected. The counselees were described and classified into seven type groups. Symptoms were recorded and compared with reported patients with COVID-19. Hypochondriacal suspicion and offline visit motivation were detected within each counselees' group to evaluate the social panic of the epidemic along with the consequent medical-seeking behaviors. The counselees' motivation and the doctors' recommendation for an offline visit were compared. Risk factors affecting the counselees' tendency of hypochondriacal suspicion and offline visit motivation were explored by logistic regression models. The epidemic prevention and control measures based on internet hospitals were listed, and the corresponding effects were discussed. A total of 4913 consultations were enrolled for analysis with the median age of the counselees at 28 years (IQR 22-33 years). There were 104 (2.12%) healthy counselees, 147 (2.99%) hypochondriacal counselees, 34 (0.69%) exposed counselees, 853 (17.36%) mildly suspicious counselees, 42 (0.85%) moderately suspicious counselees, 3550 (72.26%) highly suspicious counselees, and 183 (3.72%) severely suspicious counselees. A total of 94.20% (n=4628) of counselees had epidemic-related symptoms with a distribution similar to those of COVID-19. The hypochondriacal suspicion (n=2167, 44.11%) was common. The counselees' motivation and the doctors' recommendation for offline visits were inconsistent (P<.001) with a Cohen kappa score of 0.039, indicating improper medical-seeking behaviors. Adult counselees (odds ratio [OR]=1.816, P<.001) with epidemiological exposure (OR 7.568, P<.001), shortness of breath (OR 1.440, P=.001), diarrhea (OR 1.272, P=.04), and unrelated symptoms (OR 1.509, P<.001) were more likely to have hypochondriacal suspicion. Counselees with severe illnesses (OR 2.303, P<.001), fever (OR 1.660, P<.001), epidemiological exposure history (OR 1.440, P=.01), and hypochondriacal suspicion (OR 4.826, P<.001) were more likely to attempt an offline visit. Reattending counselees (OR 0.545, P=.002) were less motivated to go to the offline clinic. Internet hospitals can serve different types of epidemic counselees, offer essential medical supports to the public during the COVID-19 outbreak, reduce the social panic, promote social distancing, enhance the public's ability of self-protection, correct improper medical-seeking behaviors, reduce the chance of nosocomial cross-infection, and facilitate epidemiological screening, thus, playing an important role on preventing and controlling COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32342348, "pmcid": "PMC7184803", "title": "Spinal anesthesia for Cesarean delivery in women with COVID-19 infection: questions regarding the cause of hypotension.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Benhamou, Dan", "Meyer, Hawa Keita", "Morau, Estelle", "Chassard, Dominique", "Mercier, Frederic J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324465, "title": "Providing nutritional support for the patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Anderson, Liz"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324465", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520309, "title": "Pregnancy and Pandemic Disease.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Beckerman, Karen Palmore"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520309", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32099934, "pmcid": "PMC7029158", "title": "An updated estimation of the risk of transmission of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCov).", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Tang, Biao", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Li, Qian", "Tang, Sanyi", "Xiao, Yanni", "Wu, Jianhong"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32099934", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The basic reproduction number of an infectious agent is the average number of infections one case can generate over the course of the infectious period, in a na\u00efve, uninfected population. It is well-known that the estimation of this number may vary due to several methodological issues, including different assumptions and choice of parameters, utilized models, used datasets and estimation period. With the spreading of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection, the reproduction number has been found to vary, reflecting the dynamics of transmission of the coronavirus outbreak as well as the case reporting rate. Due to significant variations in the control strategies, which have been changing over time, and thanks to the introduction of detection technologies that have been rapidly improved, enabling to shorten the time from infection/symptoms onset to diagnosis, leading to faster confirmation of the new coronavirus cases, our previous estimations on the transmission risk of the 2019-nCoV need to be revised. By using time-dependent contact and diagnose rates, we refit our previously proposed dynamics transmission model to the data available until January 29th, 2020 and re-estimated the effective daily reproduction ratio that better quantifies the evolution of the interventions. We estimated when the effective daily reproduction ratio has fallen below 1 and when the epidemics will peak. Our updated findings suggest that the best measure is persistent and strict self-isolation. The epidemics will continue to grow, and can peak soon with the peak time depending highly on the public health interventions practically implemented."}, {"pmid": 32428865, "pmcid": "PMC7214279", "title": "Remdesivir in COVID-19: A critical review of pharmacology, pre-clinical and clinical studies.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Singh, Akriti", "Singh, Ritu", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428865", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Remdesivir is a broad spectrum anti-viral drug that has shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2, in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo. In absence of any effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19), remdesivir has been tried for a compassionate use in severe COVID-19. Newer randomized controlled studies that have recently become available, showed a mixed result. We aimed to systematically search the literature to understand the pharmacology and clinical effects of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. We systematically searched the PubMed, ClinicalTrial.Org and MedRxiv database up till May 5, 2020 using specific key words such as \"Remdesivir\" or 'GS-5734\u2033 AND \"COVID-19\" or \"SARS-CoV-2\" and retrieved all the article published in English language, that have reported the pharmacology and the clinical outcomes of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. Initial compassionate use of remdesivir has shown a fairly good result, but difficult to quantify, in the absence of control arm. While the very first double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial conducted in Wuhan, did not find any significant benefit compared to the control, the preliminary result of another similar multi-country trial has shown a significant faster time to recovery but without any difference in mortality. Remdesivir has shown a mixed result in patients with COVID-19 with an acceptable side effect. However, jury is still out while awaiting the results from the forthcoming trials."}, {"pmid": 32374001, "title": "Clinical display, diagnostics and genetic implication of novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Forouzesh, M", "Rahimi, A", "Valizadeh, R", "Dadashzadeh, N", "Mirzazadeh, A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374001", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic can cause irreparable damage to the involved society. This study aimed to provide a summary of the up-to-dated clinical display, diagnostics, molecular and genetic implications for COVID-19 infected patients. In this review, 73 research articles published before 25 March 2020 were analyzed to better understand the clinical characteristics of patients and to introduce the available serological, hematology and molecular diagnostic methods. Apart from articles extracted from PubMed and Google Scholar, WHO (https://www.who.int/), NHC (National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (http://www.nhc.gov.cn/), NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, https://www.nice.org.uk/), CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/), and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (http://www.satcm.gov.cn/) were also accessed to search for eligible studies. Papers published between January 1, 2020, and 25 March 2020 were searched in English and the terms \"2019-nCoV, Covid-19, Clinical Characteristics OR manifestation, method of detection, COVID-19 Genome and molecular test\" were used. As the pandemic continues to evolve, there have been reports about the possibility of asymptomatic transmission of this newly emerged pneumonia virus. We highlighted the role of HLA haplotype in virus infection as HLA typing will provide susceptibility information for personalized prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in future studies. All the data in this article will assist researchers and clinicians to develop their clinical views regarding infected patients and to emphasize the origin of SARS-CoV-2 for diagnostics."}, {"pmid": 32482138, "title": "Guidelines for Resident Participation in Otolaryngology Telehealth Clinics During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Plocienniczak, Michal J", "Noordzij, J Pieter", "Grillone, Gregory", "Platt, Michael", "Brook, Christopher"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482138", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The practice of otolaryngology has changed drastically since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. To limit exposure and maintain a reserve of caregivers, residency education ceased most clinical activities and shifted to remote lecture consortiums hosted online across the country in lieu of ambulatory and operative experiences. Many practicing university otolaryngologists have transitioned their clinics to telehealth medicine to maintain access to clinical care during the pandemic. The participation of residents in telemedicine visits has not been described. Here we present guidelines and experience-based suggestions for successful resident involvement in telemedicine. While it is unclear what role telehealth medicine may play within the field of otolaryngology beyond the pandemic, our experiences suggest better patient outreach and access. Expanding residents' skill set with telehealth medicine can enhance their education and better prepare them for future practice."}, {"pmid": 32448761, "pmcid": "PMC7190473", "title": "Endocrine surgery during and after the COVID-19 epidemic: Expert guidelines from AFCE.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Baud, G", "Brunaud, L", "Lifante, J-C", "Tresallet, C", "Sebag, F", "Bizard, J-P", "Mathonnet, M", "Menegaux, F", "Caiazzo, R", "Mirallie, E", "Pattou, F"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448761", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic commands a major reorganisation of the entire French healthcare system. In France, general rules have been issued nationally and implemented by each healthcare centre, both public and private, throughout France. Guidelines drafted by an expert group led by the French-speaking Association of Endocrine Surgery (AFCE) propose specific surgical management principles for thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine pancreas and adrenal surgery during and after the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32528615, "pmcid": "PMC7266476", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing in Africa: needs and challenges.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Adebisi, Yusuff Adebayo", "Oke, Gabriel Ilerioluwa", "Ademola, Peter Sunday", "Chinemelum, Iwendi Godsgift", "Ogunkola, Isaac Olushola", "Lucero-Prisno Iii, Don Eliseo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528615", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221725, "pmcid": "PMC7100410", "title": "Brief report of the first cured 2019-nCoV pneumonia patient in West China Hospital.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, En-Qiang", "Wang, Li-Chun", "Tang, Guang-Min", "Yang, Yao", "Wang, Min-Jin", "Deng, Rong", "Chen, Fang", "Wang, Meng-Lan", "Tao, Ya-Chao", "Feng, Ping", "Tang, Hong"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221725", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422055, "title": "Annals Graphic Medicine - What I Learned From COVID-19 (Until Now).", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Briatore, Lucia", "Pozzi, Ilaria"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422055", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[Figure: see text]."}, {"pmid": 32412811, "pmcid": "PMC7271316", "title": "Patients With Cancer and COVID-19: A WhatsApp Messenger-Based Survey of Patients' Queries, Needs, Fears, and Actions Taken.", "journal": "JCO Glob Oncol", "authors": ["Gebbia, Vittorio", "Piazza, Dario", "Valerio, Maria Rosaria", "Borsellino, Nicolo", "Firenze, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412811", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This descriptive investigation was undertaken at three oncology units to report queries, needs, and fears related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) of patients with cancer and to avoid uncontrolled treatment delays or withdrawal, behavioral mistakes, and panic. All queries spontaneously delivered through the WhatsApp instant messaging system commonly used by patients to communicate with oncology units were collected and grouped by homology in five categories. Responses to the queries were given according to recommendations by the Italian Association of Medical Oncology through WhatsApp and by subsequent phone calls. Patients were also classified according to the site of the primary tumor, stage of disease, and current treatments. Analysis of the association between these data and queries was carried out. The social scenario in Italy is a nationwide lockdown except for hospitals, pharmacies, and food supplies. Overall, 446 different patients' WhatsApp conversations were analyzed between March 1 and March 13 and comprised the following: requirement of visit delay by patients undergoing oral therapies or in follow-up, delays in chemotherapy or immunotherapy administration, queries about possible immunosuppression, and changes in lifestyle or daily activities. Delay requirements were statistically more frequent among patients with prostate or breast cancer compared with those with lung or pancreatic cancer. Actions taken by oncologists are also reported. To our knowledge, the WhatsApp instant messaging system has been occasionally used in other medical settings with controversial results. In our experience, WhatsApp turned out to be adequate to give a rapid answer to most queries from patients with cancer in the COVID-19 pandemic scenario."}, {"pmid": 32520290, "title": "Spatial Analysis of COVID-19 cases and intensive care beds in the State of Ceara, Brazil.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Pedrosa, Nathalia Lima", "Albuquerque, Nila Larisse Silva de"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520290", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The geographical distribution of COVID-19 through Geographic Information Systems resources is hardly explored. We aimed to analyze the distribution of COVID-19 cases and the exclusive intensive care beds in the state of Cear\u00e1, Brazil. This is an ecological study with the geographic distribution of the case detection coefficient in 184 municipalities. Maps of crude and estimated values (global and local Bayesian method) were developed, calculating the Moran index and using BoxMap and MoranMap. Intensive care beds were distributed through geolocalized points. In total, 3,000 cases and 459 beds were studied. The highest rates were found in the capital Fortaleza, the Metropolitan Region (MR), and the south of this region. A positive spatial autocorrelation has been identified in the local Bayesian rate (I = 0.66). The distribution of beds superimposed on the BoxMap shows clusters with a High-High pattern of number of beds (capital, MR, northwestern part). However, a similar pattern is found in the far east or transition areas with insufficient beds. The MoranMap shows clusters statistically significant in the state. COVID-19 interiorization in Cear\u00e1 requires contingency measures geared to the distribution of specific intensive care beds for COVID-19 cases in order to meet the demand."}, {"pmid": 32526183, "title": "The future of critical care: lessons from the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["The Lancet Respiratory Medicine"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526183", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442528, "pmcid": "PMC7237188", "title": "Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Cummings, Matthew J", "Baldwin, Matthew R", "Abrams, Darryl", "Jacobson, Samuel D", "Meyer, Benjamin J", "Balough, Elizabeth M", "Aaron, Justin G", "Claassen, Jan", "Rabbani, LeRoy E", "Hastie, Jonathan", "Hochman, Beth R", "Salazar-Schicchi, John", "Yip, Natalie H", "Brodie, Daniel", "O'Donnell, Max R"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442528", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over 40\u2008000 patients with COVID-19 have been hospitalised in New York City (NY, USA) as of April 28, 2020. Data on the epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in this setting are needed. This prospective observational cohort study took place at two NewYork-Presbyterian hospitals affiliated with Columbia University Irving Medical Center in northern Manhattan. We prospectively identified adult patients (aged \u226518 years) admitted to both hospitals from March 2 to April 1, 2020, who were diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and were critically ill with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure, and collected clinical, biomarker, and treatment data. The primary outcome was the rate of in-hospital death. Secondary outcomes included frequency and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, frequency of vasopressor use and renal replacement therapy, and time to in-hospital clinical deterioration following admission. The relation between clinical risk factors, biomarkers, and in-hospital mortality was modelled using Cox proportional hazards regression. Follow-up time was right-censored on April 28, 2020 so that each patient had at least 28 days of observation. Between March 2 and April 1, 2020, 1150 adults were admitted to both hospitals with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, of which 257 (22%) were critically ill. The median age of patients was 62 years (IQR 51-72), 171 (67%) were men. 212 (82%) patients had at least one chronic illness, the most common of which were hypertension (162 [63%]) and diabetes (92 [36%]). 119 (46%) patients had obesity. As of April 28, 2020, 101 (39%) patients had died and 94 (37%) remained hospitalised. 203 (79%) patients received invasive mechanical ventilation for a median of 18 days (IQR 9-28), 170 (66%) of 257 patients received vasopressors and 79 (31%) received renal replacement therapy. The median time to in-hospital deterioration was 3 days (IQR 1-6). In the multivariable Cox model, older age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1\u00b731 [1\u00b709-1\u00b757] per 10-year increase), chronic cardiac disease (aHR 1\u00b776 [1\u00b708-2\u00b786]), chronic pulmonary disease (aHR 2\u00b794 [1\u00b748-5\u00b784]), higher concentrations of interleukin-6 (aHR 1\u00b711 [95%CI 1\u00b702-1\u00b720] per decile increase), and higher concentrations of D-dimer (aHR 1\u00b710 [1\u00b701-1\u00b719] per decile increase) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Critical illness among patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in New York City is common and associated with a high frequency of invasive mechanical ventilation, extrapulmonary organ dysfunction, and substantial in-hospital mortality. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, and the Columbia University Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research."}, {"pmid": 32447801, "pmcid": "PMC7267085", "title": "Herpes zoster might be an indicator for Latent COVID 19 infection.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Elsaie, Mohamed L", "Youssef, Eman A", "Nada, Hesham A"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447801", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Various cutaneous manifestations have been observed in patients with COVID-19 infection. Herpes zoster is a viral skin disease caused by varicella zoster that remains dormant in the dorsal root ganglia of cutaneous nerves following a primary chicken pox infection. In this report, we describe two cases COVID infection who first presented with herpes zoster. We are here by suggesting that the clinical presentation of HZ at the time of the current pandemic even in patients giving mild or no suggestive history of upper respiratory symptoms should be considered as an alarming sign for a recent subclinical SARS CoV2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32451581, "pmcid": "PMC7246293", "title": "Lung ultrasonography versus chest CT in COVID-19 pneumonia: a two-centered retrospective comparison study from China.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Yang, Yong", "Huang, Yi", "Gao, Feng", "Yuan, Lijun", "Wang, Zhen"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451581", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304118, "pmcid": "PMC7264599", "title": "Parkinson's Disease and COVID-19: Perceptions and Implications in Patients and Caregivers.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Prasad, Shweta", "Holla, Vikram Venkappayya", "Neeraja, Koti", "Surisetti, Bharath Kumar", "Kamble, Nitish", "Yadav, Ravi", "Pal, Pramod Kumar"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304118", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503818, "title": "Medical and Surgical Education Challenges and Innovations in the COVID-19 Era: A Systematic Review.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Dedeilia, Aikaterini", "Sotiropoulos, Marinos G", "Hanrahan, John Gerrard", "Janga, Deepa", "Dedeilias, Panagiotis", "Sideris, Michail"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503818", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this systematic review was to identify the challenges imposed on medical and surgical education by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the proposed innovations enabling the continuation of medical student and resident training. A systematic review on the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed on April 18th, 2020, and yielded 1288 articles. Sixty-one of the included manuscripts were synthesized in a qualitative description focused on two major axes, \"challenges\" and \"innovative solutions\", and two minor axes, \"mental health\" and \"medical students in the frontlines\". Shortage of personal protective equipment, suspension of clinical clerkships and observerships and reduction in elective surgical cases unavoidably affect medical and surgical education. Interesting solutions involving the use of virtual learning, videoconferencing, social media and telemedicine could effectively tackle the sudden cease in medical education. Furthermore, trainee's mental health should be safeguarded, and medical students can be involved in the COVID-19 clinical treatment if needed."}, {"pmid": 32473945, "pmcid": "PMC7256555", "title": "COVID-19, hypercoagulation and what it could mean for patients with psychotic disorders.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Mongan, David", "Cannon, Mary", "Cotter, David R"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473945", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505072, "pmcid": "PMC7263242", "title": "COVID-19 and picotechnology: Potential opportunities.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Rabiee, Navid", "Rabiee, Mohammad", "Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505072", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Humanity's challenges are becoming increasingly difficult, and as these challenges become more advanced, the need for effective and intelligent action becomes more apparent. Meanwhile, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has plagued the world, could be considered as an opportunity to take a step toward the need for atomic engineering, compared to molecular engineering, as well as to accelerate this type of research. This approach, which can be expressed in terms of picotechnology, makes it possible to identify living cell types or in general, chemical and biological surfaces using their atomic arrays, and applied for early diagnosis even treatment of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32516147, "title": "Preventing Infection of Patients and Healthcare Workers Should Be the New Normal in the Era of Novel Coronavirus Epidemics: Comment.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Gomez-Rios, Manuel Angel", "Casans-Frances, Ruben", "Abad-Gurumeta, Alfredo", "Taboada-Lopez, Elena"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516147", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433284, "pmcid": "PMC7268870", "title": "Transitioning a Surgery Practice to Telehealth During COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Grenda, Tyler R", "Whang, Sung", "Evans, Nathaniel R 3rd"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433284", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": The spread of COVID-19 has challenged practices across the United States to dramatically change inpatient and outpatient practices to focus on containing spread of the virus and accommodate the anticipated increase in volume of acute illness. Despite this transition, practices will need to continue to accommodate evaluation of newly diagnosed malignancies, routine postoperative visits, and acute postoperative issues. Building on an existing telemedicine framework, we aim to describe rapid transition in our outpatient care to a telehealth model in a general thoracic surgery practice during COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32393985, "title": "Therapeutic targets and signaling mechanisms of vitamin C activity against sepsis: a bioinformatics study.", "journal": "Brief Bioinform", "authors": ["Li, Rong", "Guo, Chao", "Li, Yu", "Qin, Zuqian", "Huang, Wenjun"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393985", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sepsis is a life-threatening complication of pneumonia, including coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia. Evidence of the benefits of vitamin C (VC) for the treatment of sepsis is accumulating. However, data revealing the targets and molecular mechanisms of VC action against sepsis are limited. In this report, a bioinformatics analysis of network pharmacology was conducted to demonstrate screening targets, biological functions, and the signaling pathways of VC action against sepsis. As shown in network assays, 63 primary causal targets for the VC action against sepsis were identified from the data, and four optimal core targets for the VC action against sepsis were identified. These core targets were epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinase-1 (MAPK1), proto-oncogene c (JUN), and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3). In addition, all biological processes (including a top 20) and signaling pathways (including a top 20) potentially involved in the VC action against sepsis were identified. The hub genes potentially involved in the VC action against sepsis and interlaced networks from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Mapper assays were highlighted. Considering all the bioinformatic findings, we conclude that VC antisepsis effects are mechanistically and pharmacologically implicated with suppression of immune dysfunction-related and inflammation-associated functional processes and other signaling pathways. These primary predictive biotargets may potentially be used to treat sepsis in future clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32410772, "pmcid": "PMC7221369", "title": "Emerging pharmacotherapies for COVID-19.", "journal": "Biomed Pharmacother", "authors": ["Salvi, Rachana", "Patankar, Panini"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410772", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel Corona-virus Disease 2019 (nCOVID 19) is caused by a novel virulent corona virus and leads to potentially fatal virulent pneumonia and severe respiratory distress syndrome. It was initially declared as public health emergency if international concern by WHO followed by Pandemic on 12th March 2020. As of 10th April 2020, more than 1.5 million people are affected globally with around 95,000 deaths. Vaccines for this deadly virus are currently under development and many drugs used for other indications have been repurposed and investigated for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID 19. As per SOLIDARITY trial by WHO, some of the most promising candidates include chloroquine phosphate and hydroxychloroquine which are anti-malarial medications, Remdesivir, Lopinavir-Ritonavir combination with or without interferon which are anti-HIV drugs and convalescent plasma therapy. The current evidence of efficacy and ongoing research has been elaborated in the article. Besides, there has been evidence regarding inflammatory pathogenesis of this virus leading to cytokine storm in susceptible individuals. Thus, anti-proinflammatory cytokine drugs like Anakinra and Tocilizumab are undergoing multiple trials and some results are encouraging. Similarly, use of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-37 and IL-38 is hypothesised to be useful and is under research. The situation is still evolving and hence there is yet no definitive therapy but to conclude the use of repurposed medications can be a boon till a definitive therapy and vaccines are developed."}, {"pmid": 32478539, "title": "The traumatic impact of job loss and job search in the aftermath of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Crayne, Matthew P"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478539", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Instability in the global economy in the wake of COVID-19 has resulted in millions of people losing access to employment. As a result, these same individuals will be faced with the pain of job loss in the present and the stress of the job search process in the future. This commentary seeks to draw attention to the psychological trauma that can result from job loss and job search and motivate psychologists to consider issues of work-life spillover in the aftermath of the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32422427, "pmcid": "PMC7215166", "title": "Preventing problematic internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consensus guidance.", "journal": "Compr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kiraly, Orsolya", "Potenza, Marc N", "Stein, Dan J", "King, Daniel L", "Hodgins, David C", "Saunders, John B", "Griffiths, Mark D", "Gjoneska, Biljana", "Billieux, Joel", "Brand, Matthias", "Abbott, Max W", "Chamberlain, Samuel R", "Corazza, Ornella", "Burkauskas, Julius", "Sales, Celia M D", "Montag, Christian", "Lochner, Christine", "Grunblatt, Edna", "Wegmann, Elisa", "Martinotti, Giovanni", "Lee, Hae Kook", "Rumpf, Hans-Jurgen", "Castro-Calvo, Jesus", "Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin", "Higuchi, Susumu", "Menchon, Jose M", "Zohar, Joseph", "Pellegrini, Luca", "Walitza, Susanne", "Fineberg, Naomi A", "Demetrovics, Zsolt"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422427", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have introduced steps such as spatial distancing and \"staying at home\" to curb its spread and impact. The fear resulting from the disease, the 'lockdown' situation, high levels of uncertainty regarding the future, and financial insecurity raise the level of stress, anxiety, and depression experienced by people all around the world. Psychoactive substances and other reinforcing behaviors (e.g., gambling, video gaming, watching pornography) are often used to reduce stress and anxiety and/or to alleviate depressed mood. The tendency to use such substances and engage in such behaviors in an excessive manner as putative coping strategies in crises like the COVID-19 pandemic is considerable. Moreover, the importance of information and communications technology (ICT) is even higher in the present crisis than usual. ICT has been crucial in keeping parts of the economy going, allowing large groups of people to work and study from home, enhancing social connectedness, providing greatly needed entertainment, etc. Although for the vast majority ICT use is adaptive and should not be pathologized, a subgroup of vulnerable individuals are at risk of developing problematic usage patterns. The present consensus guidance discusses these risks and makes some practical recommendations that may help diminish them."}, {"pmid": 32530457, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic, Unemployment, and Civil Unrest: Underlying Deep Racial and Socioeconomic Divides.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Galea, Sandro", "Abdalla, Salma M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530457", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414981, "title": "Could vets manage Covid-19 better?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Logue, David N"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414981", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223353, "title": "Biological treatment during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Sriwijitalai, Won", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223353", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346093, "pmcid": "PMC7187672", "title": "The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Tay, Matthew Zirui", "Poh, Chek Meng", "Renia, Laurent", "MacAry, Paul A", "Ng, Lisa F P"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346093", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Alongside investigations into the virology of SARS-CoV-2, understanding the fundamental physiological and immunological processes underlying the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is vital for the identification and rational design of effective therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We describe the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the immune system and the subsequent contribution of dysfunctional immune responses to disease progression. From nascent reports describing SARS-CoV-2, we make inferences on the basis of the parallel pathophysiological and immunological features of the other human coronaviruses targeting the lower respiratory tract - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Finally, we highlight the implications of these approaches for potential therapeutic interventions that target viral infection and/or immunoregulation."}, {"pmid": 32309810, "pmcid": "PMC7158871", "title": "COVID-19 Pneumonia in Asymptomatic Trauma Patients; Report of 8 Cases.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Samsami, Majid", "Zebarjadi Bagherpour, Javad", "Nematihonar, Behzad", "Tahmasbi, Hamed"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309810", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are currently involved in the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A considerable number of COVID-19 infected cases are asymptomatic but they can transmit the disease to others, especially healthcare workers. In this study, we reported 8 incidentally detected cases of COVID-19 pneumonia in chest computed tomography (CT) scan of patients referred to emergency department following multiple trauma without any respiratory symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32501397, "pmcid": "PMC7251217", "title": "\"The ancient and the new\": is there an interaction between cytomegalovirus and SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Immun Ageing", "authors": ["Moss, Paul"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501397", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represents one of the greatest infectious challenges to humanity in recent history. One of the striking features of infection is the heterogeneous clinical response with worse outcomes observed in older patients and those with underlying health conditions. To date the potential impact of previous infection history has been poorly\u00a0investigated as a potential determinant of risk. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a persistent herpesvirus infection whose prevalence increases with age, is a major modulator of immune function and several observations suggest that infection might act to influence clinical outcome following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In particular, CMV is associated with the acceleration of immune senescence and has been linked to a range of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. This review addresses mechanisms by which cytomegalovirus infection may act to worsen the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection, discusses how these potential links could be investigated, and assesses the potential significance of any findings that emerge."}, {"pmid": 32359788, "pmcid": "PMC7179481", "title": "Convalescent Plasma: Therapeutic Hope or Hopeless Strategy in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "Transfus Med Rev", "authors": ["Sullivan, H Cliff", "Roback, John D"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359788", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world faces the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, extensive efforts have been applied to identify effective therapeutic agents. Convalescent plasma collected from recovered patients has been a therapeutic modality employed for over a hundred years for various infectious pathogens. Specifically, it has been used in the treatment of many viral infections with varying degrees of clinical efficacy. As we consider the use of convalescent plasma in the battle against this new strain of coronavirus, it is prudent to review what is known from past experiences. Accordingly, the aim of this review is to examine in detail studies of convalescent plasma used during previous viral outbreaks and pandemics with particular focus on hemorrhagic fevers, influenza, and other coronaviruses. The concluding sections of this review address the potential use of convalescent plasma during the present-day SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, not only insofar as its clinical benefit but also the steps required to make convalescent plasma treatments readily available for an exponentially growing patient population. By the end, the authors hope to address the extent to which convalescent plasma represents a realistic therapeutic approach, or a distraction from other potentially useful treatments."}, {"pmid": 32402910, "pmcid": "PMC7204718", "title": "Possible environmental effects on the spread of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Xu, Hao", "Yan, Chonghuai", "Fu, Qingyan", "Xiao, Kai", "Yu, Yamei", "Han, Deming", "Wang, Wenhua", "Cheng, Jinping"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402910", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus, designated as SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China and was identified as the causal pathogen of COVID-19. The epidemic scale of COVID-19 has increased dramatically, with confirmed cases increasing across China and globally. Understanding the potential affecting factors involved in COVID-19 transmission will be of great significance in containing the spread of the epidemic. Environmental and meteorological factors might impact the occurrence of COVID-19, as these have been linked to various diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), whose causative pathogens belong to the same virus family as SARS-CoV-2. We collected daily data of COVID-19 confirmed cases, air quality and meteorological variables of 33 locations in China for the outbreak period of 29 January 2020 to 15 February 2020. The association between air quality index (AQI) and confirmed cases was estimated through a Poisson regression model, and the effects of temperature and humidity on the AQI-confirmed cases association were analyzed. The results show that the effect of AQI on confirmed cases associated with an increase in each unit of AQI was statistically significant in several cities. The lag effect of AQI on the confirmed cases was statistically significant on lag day 1 (relative risk (RR)\u00a0=\u00a01.0009, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0004, 1.0013), day 2 (RR\u00a0=\u00a01.0007, 95% CI: 1.0003, 1.0012) and day 3 (RR\u00a0=\u00a01.0008, 95% CI: 1.0003, 1.0012). The AQI effect on the confirmed cases might be stronger in the temperature range of 10\u00a0\u00b0C\u00a0\u2264\u00a0T\u00a0<\u00a020\u00a0\u00b0C than in other temperature ranges, while the RR of COVID-19 transmission associated with AQI was higher in the relative humidity (RH) range of 10%\u00a0\u2264\u00a0RH\u00a0<\u00a020%. Results may suggest an enhanced impact of AQI on the COVID-19 spread under low RH."}, {"pmid": 32510163, "title": "What does an African ethic of social cohesion entail for social distancing?", "journal": "Dev World Bioeth", "authors": ["Metz, Thaddeus"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510163", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The most prominent strand of moral thought in the African philosophical tradition is relational and cohesive, roughly demanding that we enter into community with each other. Familiar is the view that being a real person means sharing a way of life with others, perhaps even in their fate. What does such a communal ethic prescribe for the coronavirus pandemic? Might it forbid one from social distancing, at least away from intimates? Or would it entail that social distancing is wrong to some degree, although morally permissible on balance? Or could it mean that social distancing is not wrong to any degree and could, under certain circumstances, be the right way to commune? In this article, I defend the latter view. I argue that, given an independently attractive understanding of how to value communal relationship, distancing oneself from others when necessary to protect them from serious incapacitation or harm can come at no cost to right action. However, I also discuss cases in which social distancing would evince a lack of good character, despite being the right thing to do."}, {"pmid": 32293098, "pmcid": "PMC7262347", "title": "On the Alert for Cytokine Storm: Immunopathology in COVID-19.", "journal": "Arthritis Rheumatol", "authors": ["Henderson, Lauren A", "Canna, Scott W", "Schulert, Grant S", "Volpi, Stefano", "Lee, Pui Y", "Kernan, Kate F", "Caricchio, Roberto", "Mahmud, Shawn", "Hazen, Melissa M", "Halyabar, Olha", "Hoyt, Kacie J", "Han, Joseph", "Grom, Alexei A", "Gattorno, Marco", "Ravelli, Angelo", "De Benedetti, Fabrizio", "Behrens, Edward M", "Cron, Randy Q", "Nigrovic, Peter A"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293098", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Poor outcomes in COVID-19 correlate with clinical and laboratory features of cytokine storm syndrome. Broad screening for cytokine storm and early, targeted antiinflammatory therapy may prevent immunopathology and could help conserve limited health care resources. While studies are ongoing, extrapolating from clinical experience in cytokine storm syndromes may benefit the multidisciplinary teams caring for patients with severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32456527, "pmcid": "PMC7256486", "title": "Some Lessons Learned About Diabetes and COVID-19 During the Early Stage of the Epidemic in Norway.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Birkeland, Kare I"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456527", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409759, "title": "Remote digital monitoring in clinical trials in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Drug Discov", "authors": ["Goldsack, Jennifer C", "Izmailova, Elena S", "Menetski, Joseph P", "Hoffmann, Steven C", "Groenen, Peter M A", "Wagner, John A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409759", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503588, "pmcid": "PMC7274510", "title": "COVID-19-immunity from prosecution for physicians forced to allocate scarce resources: the Italian perspective.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Ricci, Marco", "Gallina, Pasquale"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503588", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291624, "pmcid": "PMC7155151", "title": "Mental health advice for frontline healthcare providers caring for patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Alikhani, Rosa", "Salimi, Alireza", "Hormati, Ahmad", "Aminnejad, Reza"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291624", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287082, "pmcid": "PMC7179061", "title": "COVID-19: Financial Stress Test for Academic Medical Centers.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Colenda, Christopher C", "Applegate, William B", "Reifler, Burton V", "Blazer, Dan G 2nd"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287082", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is having profound effects on the lives and well-being of the world's population. All levels of the nation's public health and health care delivery systems are rapidly adjusting to secure the health infrastructure to manage the pandemic in the United States. As the nation's safety net health care systems, academic medical centers (AMCs) are vital clinical and academic resources in managing the pandemic. COVID-19 may also risk the financial underpinnings of AMCs because their cost structures are high, and they may have incurred large amounts of debt over the last decade as they expanded their clinical operations and facilities. This Invited Commentary reviews existing data on AMC debt levels; summarizes relief provided in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act; and suggests policy options to help mitigate risk."}, {"pmid": 32441683, "title": "Telegenetics: Remote Counseling During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin J Oncol Nurs", "authors": ["Mahon, Suzanne M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441683", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, in-person provision of cancer genetic counseling and education services was not possible for a prolonged period. This article outlines why such services can continue remotely, despite the disruption of a pandemic, as well as describes the strengths and limitations of remote counseling to individuals and families about their hereditary risk for developing cancer. Considerations for the provision of remote counseling and some of the challenges of telehealth, with potential solutions, are described."}, {"pmid": 32242348, "pmcid": "PMC7131901", "title": "Clinical Course and Outcomes of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: a Preliminary Report of the First 28 Patients from the Korean Cohort Study on COVID-19.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Eu Suk", "Chin, Bum Sik", "Kang, Chang Kyung", "Kim, Nam Joong", "Kang, Yu Min", "Choi, Jae Phil", "Oh, Dong Hyun", "Kim, Jeong Han", "Koh, Boram", "Kim, Seong Eun", "Yun, Na Ra", "Lee, Jae Hoon", "Kim, Jin Yong", "Kim, Yeonjae", "Bang, Ji Hwan", "Song, Kyoung Ho", "Kim, Hong Bin", "Chung, Ki Hyun", "Oh, Myoung Don"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242348", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. In this retrospective multicenter study, we investigated the clinical course and outcomes of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from early cases in Republic of Korea. All of the cases confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction were enrolled from the 1st to the 28th patient nationwide. Clinical data were collected and analyzed for changes in clinical severity including laboratory, radiological, and virologic dynamics during the progression of illness. The median age was 40 years (range, 20-73 years) and 15 (53.6%) patients were male. The most common symptoms were cough (28.6%) and sore throat (28.6%), followed by fever (25.0%). Diarrhea was not common (10.7%). Two patients had no symptoms. Initial chest X-ray (CXR) showed infiltration in 46.4% of the patients, but computed tomography scan confirmed pneumonia in 88.9% (16/18) of the patients. Six patients (21.4%) required supplemental oxygen therapy, but no one needed mechanical ventilation. Lymphopenia was more common in severe cases. Higher level of C-reactive protein and worsening of chest radiographic score was observed during the 5-7 day period after symptom onset. Viral shedding was high from day 1 of illness, especially from the upper respiratory tract (URT). The prodromal symptoms of COVID-19 were mild and most patients did not have limitations of daily activity. Viral shedding from URT was high from the prodromal phase. Radiological pneumonia was common from the early days of illness, but it was frequently not evident in simple CXR. These findings could be plausible explanations for the easy and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the community."}, {"pmid": 32246789, "title": "2020: The Year of the Nurse as Seen Through a Coronavirus Lens.", "journal": "J Nurs Scholarsh", "authors": ["Gennaro, Susan"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246789", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32218915, "pmcid": "PMC7097833", "title": "National Institute for the Infectious Diseases \"L. Spallanzani\", IRCCS. Recommendations for COVID-19 clinical management.", "journal": "Infect Dis Rep", "authors": ["Nicastri, Emanuele", "Petrosillo, Nicola", "Bartoli, Tommaso Ascoli", "Lepore, Luciana", "Mondi, Annalisa", "Palmieri, Fabrizio", "D'Offizi, Gianpiero", "Marchioni, Luisa", "Murachelli, Silvia", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Antinori, Andrea"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218915", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 9 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the identification, by Chinese Health authorities, of a novel coronavirus, further classified as SARS-CoV-2 responsible of a disease (COVID-19) ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe respiratory involvement. On March 9 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Italy is the second most affected country by COVID-19 infection after China. The \"L. Spallanzani\" National Institute for the Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy, has been the first Italian hospital to admit and manage patients affected by COVID-19. Hereby, we show our recommendations for the management of COVID-19 patients, based on very limited clinical evidences; they should be considered as expert opinions, which may be modified according to newly produced literature data."}, {"pmid": 32496622, "title": "Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comment.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Murphy, J H"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496622", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368495, "pmcid": "PMC7184249", "title": "Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Azekawa, Shuhei", "Namkoong, Ho", "Mitamura, Keiko", "Kawaoka, Yoshihiro", "Saito, Fumitake"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368495", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading globally and poses a major public health threat. We reported a case of influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. As the number of COVID-19 cases increase, it will be necessary to comprehensively evaluate imaging and other clinical findings as well as consider co-infection with other respiratory viruses."}, {"pmid": 32410751, "pmcid": "PMC7221228", "title": "A Lesson Learned from the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Korea.", "journal": "Indian J Microbiol", "authors": ["Ha, Kyoo-Man"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410751", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the fact that making all efforts to deal with COVID-19 outbreak, Korea is in urgent need of moving away from a divided community approach and adopting a total community approach. Further, the nation needs to fully establish and activate the national emergency operation framework."}, {"pmid": 32474125, "pmcid": "PMC7256533", "title": "Nationwide survey of COVID-19 prevention measures in Japanese radiotherapy departments via online questionnaire for radiation oncologists.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Tamari, Keisuke", "Nagata, Yasushi", "Nishiki, Shingo", "Nakamura, Satoaki", "Ogawa, Kazuhiko", "Uno, Takashi"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474125", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404232, "title": "COVID-19 and People with Intellectual Disability: impacts of a pandemic.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Courtenay, Ken", "Perera, Bhathika"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404232", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic affect all groups in society. People with intellectual disability (ID) are especially vulnerable to the physical, mental and social effects of the pandemic. Cognitive impairments can limit understanding of information to protect them relying on carers to be vigilant on their behalf during quarantine. Restrictions on usual activities are likely to induce mental stress especially among those who are autistic leading to an escalation in challenging behaviours, risk of placement breakdown and increased the use of psychotropic medication. People with ID are vulnerable to exploitation by others where the usual community supports no longer function to protect them. In future pandemics, it is important that lessons are learned from the impacts COVID-19 have on people with ID. Collecting the evidence through a rigorous approach should help to empower people with ID and their carers to face future outbreaks of infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32020915, "pmcid": "PMC7205509", "title": "The Novel Coronavirus: A Bird's Eye View.", "journal": "Int J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Habibzadeh, Parham", "Stoneman, Emily K"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32020915", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, which initially began in China, has spread to many countries around the globe, with the number of confirmed cases increasing every day. With a death toll exceeding that of the SARS-CoV outbreak back in 2002 and 2003 in China, 2019-nCoV has led to a public health emergency of international concern, putting all health organizations on high alert. Herein, we present on an overview of the currently available information on the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of this virus."}, {"pmid": 32304265, "title": "Adapting to a global pandemic through live virtual delivery of a cancer collaborative trial group conference: The TROG 2020 experience.", "journal": "J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["McDowell, Lachlan", "Goode, Susan", "Sundaresan, Puma"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304265", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 pandemic forced the cancellation of the TROG 2020 face to face Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM). It was instead delivered as a live virtual meeting with 6\u00a0days of planning. Here, we report the participants' experience of this live virtual meeting. Participants were invited to complete custom-developed, pre- and post-meeting surveys to assess their expectations of and satisfaction with the live virtual format. Speakers and moderators were also invited to complete a custom-developed satisfaction survey. The working parties of TROG (head/neck/skin, genitourinary, breast and lung) were also sampled. In total, 188/273 (69%) registered participants logged in to the live virtual meeting. The online engagement for each of the oral sessions ranged from 53 to 66%. There were 102 and 57 responders to the online pre- and post-meeting surveys, respectively. The majority of pre-meeting responders indicated a significant level of employer support to attend the virtual meeting. Post-meeting satisfaction exceeded pre-meeting expectations ('very much' and 'quite a bit'; 86% vs. 54%; P\u00a0<\u00a00.0001). The majority indicated they would be 'quite a bit' or 'very much' interested in future live virtual meetings. The TROG 2020 ASM was conducted as a live virtual meeting. Participant satisfaction and future interest in a live virtual meeting was high, indicating this is a viable platform for other CCTG's faced with the decision to deliver virtual content at times of global public health threats."}, {"pmid": 32491103, "pmcid": "PMC7269527", "title": "COVID-19 and acute pulmonary embolism: what should be considered to indicate a computed tomography pulmonary angiography scan?", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Moreira, Bruno Lima", "Santana, Pablo Rydz Pinheiro", "Zanetti, Glaucia", "Marchiori, Edson"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491103", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The full spectrum of COVID-19 is still emerging, although several studies have highlighted that patients infected with the novel coronavirus can potentially develop a hypercoagulable state. However, several aspects related to the incidence and pathophysiology of the association between COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism are not well established. Here, we present a case of a patient with COVID-19 who developed acute pulmonary embolism. Clinical and laboratory data and findings of non-enhanced CT indicate possibility of acute pulmonary embolism, and support the decision to proceed with computed tomography pulmonary angiography that can objectively identify filling defects in pulmonary arterial branches."}, {"pmid": 32235161, "title": "COVID-19 and Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Global Experience and Provisional Guidance (March 2020) from the Paediatric IBD Porto group of ESPGHAN.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Turner, Dan", "Huang, Ying", "Martin-de-Carpi, Javier", "Aloi, Marina", "Focht, Gili", "Kang, Ben", "Zhou, Ying", "Sanchez, Cesar", "Kappelman, Michael D", "Uhlig, Holm H", "Pujol-Muncunill, Gemma", "Ledder, Oren", "Lionetti, Paolo", "Dias, Jorge Amil", "Ruemmele, Frank M", "Russell, Richard K"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235161", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32414126, "title": "Can Teledentistry Improve the Monitoring of Patients during the Covid-19 Dissemination? A Descriptive Pilot Study.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Giudice, Amerigo", "Barone, Selene", "Muraca, Danila", "Averta, Fiorella", "Diodati, Federica", "Antonelli, Alessandro", "Fortunato, Leonzio"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414126", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this pilot study was to describe the advantages of telemedicine (TM) in dental practice during the current national emergency condition due to the Covid-19 dissemination. At Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology-Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, regional reference center for Covid-19-two groups of patients were determined: patients with urgent conditions (group U) and patients in follow-up (group F). Both groups were instructed to implement remote consultations using a messaging service (WhatsApp Messenger, WhatsApp Inc., Mountain View, California, USA) to send photos. A total of 418 photos were collected by 57 patients. Thirty-four photos were obtained by five patients in the U group after surgical procedures. All patients sent photos on the established evening, except for two patients who sent two photos outside the set days. In the F group, 384 photos were collected by 52 patients. None of them sent more photos than the number that was established by the protocol. Telemedicine allowed a monitoring of all patients, reducing costs and limiting human contact, decreasing the risk of Covid-19 dissemination."}, {"pmid": 32386147, "title": "Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with Structured Latent Multi-View Representation Learning.", "journal": "IEEE Trans Med Imaging", "authors": ["Kang, Hengyuan", "Xia, Liming", "Yan, Fuhua", "Wan, Zhibin", "Shi, Feng", "Yuan, Huan", "Jiang, Huiting", "Wu, Dijia", "Sui, He", "Zhang, Changqing", "Shen, Dinggang"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386147", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly across the world. Due to the large number of infected patients and heavy labor for doctors, computer-aided diagnosis with machine learning algorithm is urgently needed, and could largely reduce the efforts of clinicians and accelerate the diagnosis process. Chest computed tomography (CT) has been recognized as an informative tool for diagnosis of the disease. In this study, we propose to conduct the diagnosis of COVID-19 with a series of features extracted from CT images. To fully explore multiple features describing CT images from different views, a unified latent representation is learned which can completely encode information from different aspects of features and is endowed with promising class structure for separability. Specifically, the completeness is guaranteed with a group of backward neural networks (each for one type of features), while by using class labels the representation is enforced to be compact within COVID-19/community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and also a large margin is guaranteed between different types of pneumonia. In this way, our model can well avoid overfitting compared to the case of directly projecting highdimensional features into classes. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms all comparison methods, and rather stable performances are observed when varying the number of training data."}, {"pmid": 32286673, "title": "Editorial: Covid-19 and Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.", "journal": "J Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Borg, Kristian", "Stam, Henk"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286673", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360895, "pmcid": "PMC7194880", "title": "Prolonged grief disorder following the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Eisma, Maarten C", "Boelen, Paul A", "Lenferink, Lonneke I M"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360895", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360323, "pmcid": "PMC7187809", "title": "Can Google(R) trends predict COVID-19 incidence and help preparedness? The situation in Colombia.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ortiz-Martinez, Yeimer", "Garcia-Robled, Juan Esteban", "Vasquez-Castaneda, Danna L", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360323", "countries": ["Colombia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489025, "title": "[Exploration on scientific connotation of TCM syndromes and recommended prescriptions against COVID-19 based on TCMTP V2.0].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, Hai-Yu", "Zhang, Yan-Qiong", "Qing, Yue-Wen", "Zhao, Hai-Yu", "Wang, Ping", "Liu, Feng"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489025", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has attracted great attentions from the whole world. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been widely used and shown satisfying efficacies in treating all stages of COVID-19. In this study, the molecular interaction networks of different stages of COVID-19(the early, severe, critical and recovery stage) were constructed using the links among symptoms-related genes collected from TCMIP V2.0(http://www.tcmip.cn/), an integrated pharmacology network-computing platform for TCM. Following the network topological feature calculation and functional enrichment analysis, we found that the molecular targets and pathways related with the \"immune-inflammation system\" were involved throughout all the stages of COVID-19. The severe stage and the critical period of COVID-19 were occupied by a large proportion of inflammatory factors and pathways, suggesting that there might be a cytokine storm in these periods, along with respiratory disorders, cardiopulmonary dysfunction, nervous system disorders, etc. Accordingly, the therapeutic targets and pathways hit by the recommended prescriptions against COVID-19 were also aimed to regulate the balance of immune-inflammation system, nutrient absorption and metabolism, abnormal energy metabolism, the cardio-pulmonary function, nerve system function, etc., which may be related to the therapeutic effects of these prescriptions in terms of several clinical symptoms, such as expiratory dyspnea, chest tightness and shortness of breath, abdominal distension and constipation, sweating and limb cold, dizziness, and irritability, etc. The above findings reflect the integrative actions of TCM characterizing by multiple-components, multiple-targets, multiple-pathways, and multiple-effects. This study systematically constructed the molecular networks of different TCM syndromes during the development and progression of COVID-19 and uncovered the biological basis for symptomatic treatment of TCM. Furthermore, our data revealed the pharmacological mechanisms and the scientific connotation of recommended prescriptions, which may provide supports for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 using TCM."}, {"pmid": 32527733, "title": "Where are the women? Gender inequalities in COVID-19 research authorship.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina", "Peters, Sanne", "Thompson, Kelly", "Hockham, Carinna", "Ripullone, Katherine", "Woodward, Mark", "Carcel, Cheryl"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527733", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379296, "title": "Inclusion of Children in Clinical Trials of Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Hwang, Thomas J", "Randolph, Adrienne G", "Bourgeois, Florence T"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379296", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386675, "pmcid": "PMC7188645", "title": "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 136 cases of COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chen, Peng", "Zhang, Ying", "Wen, Yongsheng", "Guo, Jinjun", "Jia, Jinwei", "Ma, Yu", "Xu, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386675", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We did a comprehensive exploration of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 136 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing which was adjacent to the west of Hubei province. This study was conducted on 136 patients with COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing from Jan 25 to Feb 20, 2020. Data of patients included demographic, epidemiological, clinical features, chest radiographs of imported cases, local cases, second-generation cases and third-generation cases. Student's t-test was adopted for quantitative variables while Pearson Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. The median age was 47 years and common symptoms of illness were cough (50.7%), fever (47.1%) and fatigue (14.0%). The time from contact symptomatic case to illness was 7.7 days, and 88 patients (64.7%) were cluster cases, radiological evidence found bilateral lung involvement was common (57.4%).Compared with the imported cases, the local cases were significantly older, the proportion of men is lower. There was higher proportion of cluster cases in local cases. Unlike imported cases, which fever was the dominant symptom, the local cases have more cough patients, with a significant higher proportion of asymptomatic patients. The\u00a0third-generation cases have a significant higher proportion of asymptomatic patients. We concluded the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the cases andsuggested to take more comprehensive measures for screening patients, especially for elderly person, avoid family gatherings, and implement more closely surveillance of suspect patients and their close contacts."}, {"pmid": 32276260, "pmcid": "PMC7161163", "title": "Editorial. Response to COVID-19 in Chinese neurosurgery and beyond.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Sun, Yirui", "Mao, Ying"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276260", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349928, "pmcid": "PMC7180366", "title": "Adjustments in the Use of Intravesical Instillations of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin for High-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Lenfant, Louis", "Seisen, Thomas", "Loriot, Yohann", "Roupret, Morgan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349928", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients with COVID-19 are more likely to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome. Thus, several adjustments to the use of intravesical instillations of bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin should be made during the current pandemic to limit the risk of contamination."}, {"pmid": 32367888, "pmcid": "PMC7218963", "title": "COVID-19 Dynamic Computed Tomography (CT) Performance and Observation of Some Laboratory Indicators.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Jiang, Xiangsen", "Yin, Zudong", "Wang, Tao", "Zhai, Nailiang", "Lu, Feng", "Zhan, Chunhua", "Han, Qizheng", "Feng, Changjiang"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367888", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND Chest CT has an essential role in the detection and evaluation of novel coronary pneumonia (COVID-19) and has be regarded as a critical supplement for RT-PCR. This study explored the dynamic CT manifestations of COVID-19 at different times and the value of some laboratory indicators for clinical guidance. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective review included 44 patients who were infected with COVID-19. The dynamic chest CT and laboratory findings were obtained from electronic medical records. The intervals between onset and CT scans and the dynamic changes of the lesions were recorded. The above data were reviewed, sorted, and analyzed by using SPSS 21.0 software. RESULTS From the time of onset, the dynamic image of the lungs became more complete. Fibrous cord shadow absorption in the lungs were observed. Experimental indicators, biochemical indicators of lymphocytes, and protein series were decreased to varying degrees, while erythrocyte sedimentation, fibrinogen, and D-dimer were increased to varying degrees. CONCLUSIONS The dynamic changes of CT images of lungs of COVID-19 patients, combined with the clinical manifestations and laboratory indicators of patients, can help guide clinical diagnosis and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32379726, "pmcid": "PMC7233008", "title": "Epidemiological Analysis of the First 1389 Cases of COVID-19 in Poland: A Preliminary Report.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Gujski, Mariusz", "Raciborski, Filip", "Jankowski, Mateusz", "Nowicka, Paulina Maria", "Rakocy, Kamil", "Pinkas, Jaroslaw"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379726", "countries": ["Germany", "Czechia", "Poland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND The World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. This paper presents an epidemiological analysis of the first phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out between 3 and 27 March 2020 on a sample of 1389 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in Poland. Data were obtained from epidemiological reports collected by the Chief Sanitary Inspectorate. Analysis includes the number of COVID-19 cases, number of deaths, number of hospitalizations, number of people quarantined, and number of laboratory tests performed. RESULTS The first case was confirmed on 4 March 2020. Over 24 days after the first case, the total number of confirmed infections rose to 1389 (34,000 laboratory tests were performed). The highest incidence rates (over 5 per 100,000) were observed in the 2 central administrative regions (Mazowieckie and \u0141\u00f3dzkie) and in the south-western region of Dolno\u015bl\u0105skie, which borders the Czech Republic and Germany. Based on available data about age and sex, a clearly higher incidence was observed in the 20-29 years (4.0 per 100,000), 40-49 years (4.1 per 100,000), and 50-59 years (4.3 per 100,000) age groups. In the period analyzed (24 days), there were 16 confirmed deaths (average age 65.5 years; 81.2% males). CONCLUSIONS The proportion of women and men with confirmed COVID-19 infection was similar to the sex ratio in the general population. Infections were relatively less common in those aged under 20 years. The largest numbers of confirmed cases were detected in 3 of the 4 largest cities, each of which has an international airport."}, {"pmid": 32075783, "title": "Letter from China: covid-19 on the grapevine, on the internet, and in commerce.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mowbray, Heather"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32075783", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335004, "pmcid": "PMC7164918", "title": "3D Printed Face Shields: A Community Response to the COVID-19 Global Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Flanagan, Sarah T", "Ballard, David H"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484893, "title": "Elevated Cardiac Troponin I Is Associated with Poor Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients at an Academic Medical Center in Midwestern USA.", "journal": "J Appl Lab Med", "authors": ["Franks, Caroline E", "Scott, Mitchell G", "Farnsworth, Christopher W"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484893", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32077115, "title": "Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Zhang, Jin-Jin", "Dong, Xiang", "Cao, Yi-Yuan", "Yuan, Ya-Dong", "Yang, Yi-Bin", "Yan, You-Qin", "Akdis, Cezmi A", "Gao, Ya-Dong"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077115", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been widely spread. We aim to investigate the clinical characteristic and allergy status of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Electronic medical records including demographics, clinical manifestation, comorbidities, laboratory data, and radiological materials of 140 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with confirmed result of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, were extracted and analyzed. An approximately 1:1 ratio of male (50.7%) and female COVID-19 patients was found, with an overall median age of 57.0\u00a0years. All patients were community-acquired cases. Fever (91.7%), cough (75.0%), fatigue (75.0%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (39.6%) were the most common clinical manifestations, whereas hypertension (30.0%) and diabetes mellitus (12.1%) were the most common comorbidities. Drug hypersensitivity (11.4%) and urticaria (1.4%) were self-reported by several patients. Asthma or other allergic diseases were not reported by any of the patients. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, 1.4%) patients and current smokers (1.4%) were rare. Bilateral ground-glass or patchy opacity (89.6%) was the most common sign of radiological finding. Lymphopenia (75.4%) and eosinopenia (52.9%) were observed in most patients. Blood eosinophil counts correlate positively with lymphocyte counts in severe (r\u00a0=\u00a0.486, P\u00a0<\u00a0.001) and nonsevere (r\u00a0=\u00a0.469, P\u00a0<\u00a0.001) patients after hospital admission. Significantly higher levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin were associated with severe patients compared to nonsevere patients (all P\u00a0<\u00a0.001). Detailed clinical investigation of 140 hospitalized COVID-19 cases suggests eosinopenia together with lymphopenia may be a potential indicator for diagnosis. Allergic diseases, asthma, and COPD are not risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Older age, high number of comorbidities, and more prominent laboratory abnormalities were associated with severe patients."}, {"pmid": 32395098, "pmcid": "PMC7210793", "title": "Aluminum Nanoparticles Acting as a Pulmonary Vaccine Adjuvant-Delivery System (VADS) Able to Safely Elicit Robust Systemic and Mucosal Immunity.", "journal": "J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater", "authors": ["Wang, Ning", "Wei, Chunliu", "Zhang, Zina", "Liu, Ting", "Wang, Ting"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395098", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vulnerability of respiratory mucosa to invasions of airborne pathogens, such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and avian viruses which sometimes cause a life-threatening epidemic and even pandemic, underscores significance of developing a pulmonary vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS). Herein, 30-nm aluminum nanoparticles (ANs), unlike the mostly used adjuvant alum which is unsuitable for delivering pulmonary vaccines due to side effects, proved able to act as a VADS fitting inhalation immunization to elicit wide-spread anti-antigen immunity. In vitro ANs facilitated cellular uptake of their cargos and, after pulmonary vaccination, induced mouse production of high levels of anti-antigen IgG in serum and IgA in saliva, nasal, bronchoalveolar and also vaginal fluids. Besides, IFN-\u03b3 and anti-antigen IgG2a enriched in immunized mice which meanwhile showed no obvious lung inflammation indicated balanced Th1/Th2 responses were safely induced. These outcomes suggest ANs may be an efficient pulmonary VADS for defending against pathogens, especially, the ones invading hosts via respiratory system. Aluminum nanoparticles can safely induce humoral and cellular immunity at systemic and mucosal level through pulmonary vaccination to contrast the conventional adjuvant alum."}, {"pmid": 32417619, "pmcid": "PMC7214291", "title": "Transportation of intubated COVID-19 patients: Bain circuit with underwater seal system is an option to prevent aerosol transmission.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kumar, Amarjeet", "Kumar, Ajeet", "Kumar, Neeraj", "Sinha, Chandni", "Kumar, Abhyuday"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502119, "title": "Hospital visiting policies in the time of coronavirus disease 2019: A nationwide website survey in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Liu, Ya-An", "Hsu, Ya-Chuan", "Lin, Ming-Hwai", "Chang, Hsiao-Ting", "Chen, Tzeng-Ji", "Chou, Li-Fang", "Hwang, Shinn-Jang"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502119", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel infectious coronavirus disease, has become a worldwide pandemic. Infection control precautions for hospital visitors are needed to avoid cluster outbreaks, so this study investigated the visiting policies of all the hospitals in Taiwan in the time of COVID-19. From March 15, 2020, to March 18, 2020, we searched the official websites of all 472 National Health Insurance-contracted hospitals to determine their visiting policies. For those hospitals that had posted new visiting policies and still allowed visits to ordinary wards, we recorded the relevant details shown on their websites, including the number of visitors allowed at one time, the number of visiting slots per day, the total visiting hours per day, and the rules provided to visitors before visiting. During the study period, 276 (58.5%) hospitals had posted new visiting policies on their websites, with higher proportions of academic medical centers (92.0%, 23/25) and metropolitan hospitals (91.5%, 75/82) than local community hospitals (48.8%, 178/365) doing so. Visits to ordinary wards were forbidden in 83 hospitals among those. Among the 193 hospitals that had new visiting policies and still allowed visits to ordinary wards, 73.1% (n = 141) restricted visitors to two at a time and 54.9% (n = 106) restricted visits to two visiting slots per day. Furthermore, history taking regarding travel, occupation, contacts, and cluster information was mentioned by 82.4% (n = 159) of these 193 hospitals, body temperature monitoring by 78.2% (n = 151), hand hygiene by 63.2% (n = 122), and identity checks by 51.8% (n = 100). In the time of COVID-19 covered by this study, about three-fifths of the hospitals in Taiwan had posted their visiting policies for ordinary wards on their websites. Furthermore, the thoroughness with which such visiting policies have been enforced also requires investigation."}, {"pmid": 32380370, "pmcid": "PMC7189200", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on the air quality during the partial lockdown in Sao Paulo state, Brazil.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Nakada, Liane Yuri Kondo", "Urban, Rodrigo Custodio"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380370", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic, and in late March 2020 partial lockdown was ordered by the S\u00e3o Paulo state government. The aim of this study was to assess impacts on air quality in S\u00e3o Paulo - Brazil, during the partial lockdown implemented to provide social distancing required due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We have analyzed data from four air quality stations in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil to assess air pollutant concentration variations during the partial lockdown. Data were compared to the five-year monthly mean and to the four-week before the partial lockdown. Overall, drastic reductions on NO (up to -77.3%), NO2 (up to -54.3%), and CO (up to -64.8%) concentrations were observed in the urban area during partial lockdown compared to the five-year monthly mean. By contrast, an increase of approximately 30% in ozone concentrations was observed in urban areas highly influenced by vehicle traffic, probably related to nitrogen monoxide decreases. Although the partial lockdown has contributed to a positive impact on air quality, it is important to take into account the negative impacts on social aspects, considering the deaths caused by COVID-19 and also the dramatic economic effects."}, {"pmid": 32164708, "pmcid": "PMC7069035", "title": "What further should be done to control COVID-19 outbreaks in addition to cases isolation and contact tracing measures?", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["He, Zhenjian"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32164708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179125, "pmcid": "PMC7102645", "title": "Testing the repatriated for SARS-Cov2: Should laboratory-based quarantine replace traditional quarantine?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lagier, Jean Christophe", "Colson, Philippe", "Tissot Dupont, Herve", "Salomon, Jerome", "Doudier, Barbara", "Aubry, Camille", "Gouriet, Frederique", "Baron, Sophie", "Dudouet, Pierre", "Flores, Remi", "Ailhaud, Lucie", "Gautret, Philippe", "Parola, Philippe", "La Scola, Bernard", "Raoult, Didier", "Brouqui, Philippe"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179125", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing epidemic of respiratory diseases caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID 2019, SARS-CoV2) started in Wuhan, Hubei, in China at the end of December 2019. The French government decided to repatriate the 337 French nationals living in Wuhan and place them in quarantine in their home country. We decided to test them all for SARS-Cov2 twice in order to reduce anxiety among the population and decision-makers. We investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-19 in asymptomatic carriers by testing all repatriated patients within the first 24\u00a0h of their arrival in France and at day 5. Viral RNA was extracted from pooled nasal and oropharyngeal swab fluids or sputum in the absence of nasal/oropharyngeal swabs. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was then carried out using several real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays. We tested 337 passengers at day 0 and day 5. All the tests for SARS-CoV2 were negative. By optimising the sampling process, sending samples sequentially and reducing the time-scale for biological analysis, we were able to test the samples within 5\u00a0h (including sampling, shipment and biological tests). Optimising our procedures reduces anxiety and reassures the population and decision makers."}, {"pmid": 32120913, "pmcid": "PMC7141128", "title": "Epidemiological Identification of A Novel Pathogen in Real Time: Analysis of the Atypical Pneumonia Outbreak in Wuhan, China, 2019-2020.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Jung, Sung-Mok", "Kinoshita, Ryo", "Thompson, Robin N", "Linton, Natalie M", "Yang, Yichi", "Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R", "Nishiura, Hiroshi"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32120913", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Virological tests have now shown conclusively that a novel coronavirus is causing the 2019-2020 atypical pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China. We demonstrate that non-virological descriptive characteristics could have determined that the outbreak is caused by a novel pathogen in advance of virological testing. Characteristics of the ongoing outbreak were collected in real time from two medical social media sites. These were compared against characteristics of eleven pathogens that have previously caused cases of atypical pneumonia. The probability that the current outbreak is due to \"Disease X\" (i.e., previously unknown etiology) as opposed to one of the known pathogens was inferred, and this estimate was updated as the outbreak continued. The probability (expressed as a percentage) that Disease X is driving the outbreak was assessed as over 29% on 31 December 2019, one week before virus identification. After some specific pathogens were ruled out by laboratory tests on 5 January 2020, the inferred probability of Disease X was over 49%. We showed quantitatively that the emerging outbreak of atypical pneumonia cases is consistent with causation by a novel pathogen. The proposed approach, which uses only routinely observed non-virological data, can aid ongoing risk assessments in advance of virological test results becoming available."}, {"pmid": 32501887, "title": "The Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care and the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Smith, Martin", "Sharma, Deepak"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501887", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430790, "pmcid": "PMC7236435", "title": "Sonographer safety issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Brewer, Nikki", "Huang, Gary", "Kwon, Younghoon"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430790", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393446, "title": "Alcohol withdrawal management during the Covid-19 lockdown in Kerala.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Varma, Ravi Prasad"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393446", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lockdown declared to prevent the spread of Covid 19 in India created unforeseen problems, including severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms and the need to manage them. The state of Kerala in India saw suicide deaths by six affected individuals, prompting the state government to instruct government doctors to prescribe alcohol to addicts. The local medical association approached the courts against this. These events raise interesting ethical issues discussed here. Keywords: alcohol withdrawal, prescribing alcohol, Covid 19, ethics of alcohol prescription."}, {"pmid": 32486900, "title": "Inpatient Diabetes Management During the COVID-19 Crisis: Experiences From Two Community Hospitals.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Shelton, Carter", "Demidowich, Andrew P", "Zilbermint, Mihail"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486900", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360397, "pmcid": "PMC7187878", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Mechanisms of increased morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with diabetes: what this means for an effective management strategy.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Means, Casey"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360397", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198292, "title": "Misguided drug advice for COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["FitzGerald, Garret A"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198292", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302991, "pmcid": "PMC7164321", "title": "Editorial. Innovations in neurosurgical education during the COVID-19 pandemic: is it time to reexamine our neurosurgical training models?", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Tomlinson, Samuel B", "Hendricks, Benjamin K", "Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302991", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399481, "pmcid": "PMC7214320", "title": "Computed tomography findings in a case of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Radiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yang, Bin", "Wang, Libin", "Xu, Guanghai", "Duan, Wenshuai", "Zhang, Feng", "Cui, Chunmao", "Wang, Zhijun", "Du, Wei", "Wu, Xin Hua"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399481", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is mainly characterized by pulmonary inflammation. The preferred imaging modality is chest computed tomography (CT) which plays an important role in early diagnosis, quarantine, and treatment as well as in the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. We report the imaging data from a confirmed case of COVID-19 admitted to our hospital. Our aims are to improve understanding of this disease and to facilitate early diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. A 70-year-old woman living in the epidemic area presented with a 2-day history of intermittent fever. Chest CT revealed multiple ground glass opacities in both lungs, mainly distributed subpleurally and in the middle and lateral lung fields, particularly in the right lung, where they had partially fused into patches. Local interlobular septal thickening was also observed. Throat swabs were positive for the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, which confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19. Chest CT plays a key role in the diagnosis of COVID-19, providing an accurate diagnosis and is a sensitive technique for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. It has the advantages of promptness, convenience, and high efficiency."}, {"pmid": 32412815, "title": "COVID 19: Designing and conducting an online mini-multiple interview (MMI) in a dynamic landscape.", "journal": "Med Teach", "authors": ["Cleland, Jennifer", "Chu, Jowe", "Lim, Samuel", "Low, Jamie", "Low-Beer, Naomi", "Kwek, Tong Kiat"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412815", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic presented numerous, significant challenges for medical schools, including how to select the best candidates from a pool of applicants when social distancing and other measures prevented \"business as usual\" admissions processes. However, selection into medical school is the gateway to medicine in many countries, and it is critical to use processes which are evidence-based, valid and reliable even under challenging circumstances. Our challenge was to plan and conduct a multiple-mini interview (MMI) in a dynamic and stringent safe distancing context.Methods: This paper reports a case study of how to plan, re-plan and conduct MMIs in an environment where substantially tighter safe distancing measures were introduced just before the MMI was due to be delivered.Results: We report on how to design and implement a fully remote, online MMI which ensured the safety of candidates and assessors.Discussion: We discuss the challenges of this approach and also reflect on broader issues associated with selection into medical school during a pandemic. The aim of the paper is to provide broadly generalizable guidance to other medical schools faced with the challenge of selecting future students under difficult conditions."}, {"pmid": 32437766, "pmcid": "PMC7206432", "title": "Multivesicular bodies mimicking SARS-CoV-2 in patients without COVID-19.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Calomeni, Edward", "Satoskar, Anjali", "Ayoub, Isabelle", "Brodsky, Sergey", "Rovin, Brad H", "Nadasdy, Tibor"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437766", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306406, "pmcid": "PMC7264667", "title": "Advanced forecasting of SARS-CoV-2-related deaths in Italy, Germany, Spain, and New York State.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Sotgiu, Giovanni", "Gerli, Alberto G", "Centanni, Stefano", "Miozzo, Monica", "Canonica, G Walter", "B Soriano, Joan", "Virchow, J Christian"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306406", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy", "United States", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237566, "title": "[Covid-19: the new pathology caused by a coronavirus].", "journal": "Salud Publica Mex", "authors": ["Ramos, Celso"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237566", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this special communication, a brief description is made of the main events of the new pathology (that WHO has named Covid-19) caused by coronavirus. The cases of Covid-19 occurred in mainland China and the rest of the world are mentioned. It is also emphasized the effort that China and other countries around the world are making to contain the epidemic. Also, it highlights the role that WHO and other international organizations are playing to prevent and control the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32449242, "title": "Prevention of thrombosis in pregnant women with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection: clinical management algorithm.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Lou-Mercade, A C", "Gavin, O", "Oros, D", "Paules, C", "Saviron-Cornudella, R", "Mateo, P", "Paramo, J A", "Ruiz-Martinez, S"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449242", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298006, "pmcid": "PMC7262192", "title": "Care of immunocompromised patients with head and neck cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: Two challenging and informative clinical cases.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Civantos, Alyssa M", "Carey, Ryan M", "Lichtenstein, Gary R", "Lukens, John N", "Cohen, Roger B", "Rassekh, Christopher H"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298006", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an added level of complexity in the management of head and neck cancer patients with underlying immunosuppressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Head and neck oncologists are tasked with balancing the dual risks of cancer progression in the setting of impaired tumor immunity and increased susceptibility to life-threatening complications from exposure to viral infection for patients and providers. Through two cases of immunocompromised patients with newly diagnosed head and neck malignancies, we aim to provide guidance to clinicians struggling with how to best counsel and manage this unique subset of patients under these difficult circumstances. After careful consideration of the options, we took different approaches in the care of these two patients. Ultimately, there is no uniform set of rules to apply to this heterogeneous group of immunocompromised patients. We provide some general principles to help guide patient management during the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32427156, "pmcid": "PMC7227570", "title": "Covid-19 pandemic: Enhanced barrier measures during containment and in the ex-containment phase.", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473418, "pmcid": "PMC7255274", "title": "Managing patients with rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic: The French Society of Rheumatology answers to most frequently asked questions up to May 2020.", "journal": "Joint Bone Spine", "authors": ["Richez, Christophe", "Flipo, Rene-Marc", "Berenbaum, Francis", "Cantagrel, Alain", "Claudepierre, Pascal", "Debiais, Francoise", "Dieude, Philippe", "Goupille, Philippe", "Roux, Christian", "Schaeverbeke, Thierry", "Wendling, Daniel", "Pham, Thao", "Thomas, Thierry"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473418", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rheumatologists must contend with COVID-19 pandemic in the management of their patients and many questions have been raised on the use of both anti-inflammatory drugs and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD). The French Society of Rheumatology (SFR) selected the most critical ones to the daily practice of a rheumatologist and a group of 10 experts from SFR and Club Rheumatism and Inflammation (CRI) boards proposed responses based on the current knowledge of May 2020. Following the availability of the first 18 questions and statements, 1400 individuals consulted the frequently asked questions between the March 31, 2020 and April 12, 2020. As a result, 16 additional questions were forwarded to the SFR, and answered by the board. An additional round of review by email and video conference was organized, which included updates of the previous statements. The scientific relevance of 5 of the questions led to their inclusion in this document. Each response received a final assessment on a scale of 0-10 with 0 meaning no agreement whatsoever and 10 being in complete agreement. The mean values of these votes for each question are presented as the levels of agreement (LoA) at the end of each response. This document was last updated on April 17, 2020. Based on current scientific literature already published, in most circumstances, there is no contraindication to the initiation or continuation of anti-inflammatory drugs as well as DMARDs. If signs suggestive of infection (coronavirus or other) occurs, treatments should be discontinued and resumed, if necessary, after 2 weeks without any symptoms. Only, some signals suggest that people taking an immunosuppressive dose of corticosteroid therapy are at greater risk of developing severe COVID-19. Intra-articular injections of glucocorticoids are allowed when there is no reasonable therapeutic alternative, and providing that precautions to protect the patient and the practitioner from viral contamination are adopted, included appropriate information to the patient. Currently available data on managing patients with rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic are reassuring and support continuing or initiating symptomatic as well as specific treatments of these diseases, the main target of their management remaining their appropriate control, even during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32497696, "pmcid": "PMC7262524", "title": "Modifications to Dermatology Residency Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Mufti, Asfandyar", "Maliyar, Khalad", "Sachdeva, Muskaan", "Doiron, Phillip"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497696", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353107, "title": "Web Exclusive. Annals On Call - Surge Modeling for COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Centor, Robert M", "Wong, John B"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353107", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[Figure: see text]."}, {"pmid": 32227474, "pmcid": "PMC7228281", "title": "The human rights of children with disabilities during health emergencies: the challenge of COVID-19.", "journal": "Dev Med Child Neurol", "authors": ["Schiariti, Veronica"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227474", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32088339, "pmcid": "PMC7130104", "title": "The basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) estimation based on exponential growth in the early outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: A reply to Dhungana.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Lin, Qianying", "Ran, Jinjun", "Musa, Salihu S", "Yang, Guangpu", "Wang, Weiming", "Lou, Yijun", "Gao, Daozhou", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai", "Wang, Maggie H"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088339", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520071, "title": "Intensive support recommendations for critically-ill patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Einstein (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Correa, Thiago Domingos", "Matos, Gustavo Faissol Janot de", "Bravim, Bruno de Arruda", "Cordioli, Ricardo Luiz", "Garrido, Alejandra Del Pilar Gallardo", "Assuncao, Murillo Santucci Cesar de", "Barbas, Carmen Silvia Valente", "Timenetsky, Karina Tavares", "Rodrigues, Roseny Dos Reis", "Guimaraes, Helio Penna", "Rabello Filho, Roberto", "Lomar, Frederico Polito", "Scarin, Farah Christina de La Cruz", "Batista, Carla Luciana", "Pereira, Adriano Jose", "Guerra, Joao Carlos de Campos", "Carneiro, Barbara Vieira", "Nawa, Ricardo Kenji", "Brandao, Rodrigo Martins", "Pesaro, Antonio Eduardo Pereira", "Silva Junior, Moacyr", "Carvalho, Fabricio Rodrigues Torres de", "Silva, Cilene Saghabi de Medeiros", "Almeida, Ana Claudia Ferraz de", "Franken, Marcelo", "Pesavento, Marcele Liliane", "Eid, Raquel Afonso Caserta", "Ferraz, Leonardo Jose Rolim"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520071", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a series of patients with severe pneumonia were identified in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, who progressed to severe acute respiratory syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Subsequently, COVID-19 was attributed to a new betacoronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Approximately 20% of patients diagnosed as COVID-19 develop severe forms of the disease, including acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, severe acute respiratory syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute renal failure and require intensive care. There is no randomized controlled clinical trial addressing potential therapies for patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection at the time of publishing these treatment recommendations. Therefore, these recommendations are based predominantly on the opinion of experts (level C of recommendation)."}, {"pmid": 32346392, "pmcid": "PMC7176062", "title": "Cancer care in the time of COVID-19-a perspective from Pakistan.", "journal": "Ecancermedicalscience", "authors": ["Yusuf, Aasim"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346392", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Across much of the world, cancer care has been sidelined to a variable degree by the global effort against the coronavirus pandemic. This paper discusses the impact of coronavirus infection on cancer diagnosis and treatment in two leading cancer centres in Pakistan. It also describes the effect that preparations for the expected surge in cases in Pakistan over the next few weeks have had on cancer care. There is an urgent need to evaluate the effect of delays in diagnosis and treatment on cancer stage and treatment, and to decide how to minimise these during likely future cycles of lockdown over the coming months and years."}, {"pmid": 32311078, "pmcid": "PMC7264771", "title": "ELDER ABUSE IN THE COVID-19 ERA.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Han, S Duke", "Mosqueda, Laura"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311078", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404588, "title": "The timing of labor epidurals in COVID-19 parturients: a balance of risk and benefit.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Mullington, Christopher J", "Kua, Justin", "Malhotra, Surbhi"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404588", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348003, "pmcid": "PMC7267329", "title": "The experience of treating patients with acute myocardial infarction under the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Xiao, Zhichao", "Xu, Chang", "Wang, Daowen", "Zeng, Hesong"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348003", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Worldwide Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic makes the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) more complicated, effective treatment without further dissemination is thus quite challenging. Recently, we successfully treated three representative AMI cases, by sharing these detailed procedures, we summarized some important issues including patient screening, reperfusion strategy selecting, personnel/catheter lab protection principle, as well as operation tactics, which may lend precious experience on AMI treating during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation."}, {"pmid": 32379191, "title": "Symptomatic Infection is Associated with Prolonged Duration of Viral Shedding in Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Study of 110 Children in Wuhan.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Lu, Yingying", "Li, Yi", "Deng, Wenyue", "Liu, Mingyang", "He, Yuanzhi", "Huang, Lingyue", "Lv, Mengxue", "Li, Jianxin", "Du, Hao"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379191", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Information regarding viral shedding in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was limited. This study aims to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics associated with viral shedding in children with mild COVID-19. The clinical and laboratory information of 110 children with COVID-19 at Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan, China, from January 30 to March 10, 2020, were analyzed retrospectively. The median age was 6 years old. The median period of viral shedding of COVID-19 was 15 days (interquartile range [IQR], 11-20 days) as measured from illness onset to discharge. This period was shorter in asymptomatic patients (26.4%) compared with symptomatic patients (73.6%) (11 days vs. 17 days). Multivariable regression analysis showed increased odds of symptomatic infection was associated with age <6 years (odds ratio [OR] 8.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.55-31.35; P = 0.001), hypersensitive C-reactive protein >3.0\u2009mg/L (OR 4.89; 95% CI: 1.10-21.75; P = 0.037) and presenting pneumonia in chest radiologic findings (OR 8.45; 95% CI: 2.69-26.61; P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis displayed symptomatic infection (P < 0.001), fever (P = 0.006), pneumonia (P = 0.003) and lymphocyte counts <2.0\u2009\u00d7\u200910/L (P = 0.008) in children with COVID-19 were associated with prolonged duration of viral shedding in children with COVID-19. Prolonged duration of viral shedding in children with COVID-19 was associated with symptomatic infection, fever, pneumonia and lymphocyte count less than 2.0\u2009\u00d7\u200910/L. Monitoring of symptoms could help to know the viral shedding in children with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32497703, "title": "Effectively Engaging Geriatric Patients via Teledermatology.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Simpson, Cory L", "Kovarik, Carrie L"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497703", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442562, "pmcid": "PMC7237927", "title": "Alterations in Gut Microbiota of Patients With COVID-19 During Time of Hospitalization.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Zuo, Tao", "Zhang, Fen", "Lui, Grace C Y", "Yeoh, Yun Kit", "Li, Amy Y L", "Zhan, Hui", "Wan, Yating", "Chung, Arthur", "Cheung, Chun Peng", "Chen, Nan", "Lai, Christopher K C", "Chen, Zigui", "Tso, Eugene Y K", "Fung, Kitty S C", "Chan, Veronica", "Ling, Lowell", "Joynt, Gavin", "Hui, David S C", "Chan, Francis K L", "Chan, Paul K S", "Ng, Siew C"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442562", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although SARS-CoV-2 infects gastrointestinal tissues, little is known about the roles of gut commensal microbes in susceptibility to and severity of infection. We investigated changes in fecal microbiomes of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection during hospitalization and associations with severity and fecal shedding of virus. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing analyses of fecal samples from 15 patients with COVID-19 in Hong Kong, from February 5 through March 17, 2020. Fecal samples were collected 2 or 3 times per week from time of hospitalization until discharge; disease was categorized as mild (no radiographic evidence of pneumonia), moderate (pneumonia was present), severe (respiratory rate \u226530/min, or oxygen saturation \u226493% when breathing ambient air), or critical (respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, shock, or organ failure requiring intensive care). We compared microbiome data with those from 6 subjects with community-acquired pneumonia and 15 healthy individuals (controls). We assessed gut microbiome profiles in association with disease severity and changes in fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2. Patients with COVID-19 had significant alterations in fecal microbiomes compared with controls, characterized by enrichment of opportunistic pathogens and depletion of beneficial commensals, at time of hospitalization and at all timepoints during hospitalization. Depleted symbionts and gut dysbiosis persisted even after clearance of SARS-CoV-2 (determined from throat swabs) and resolution of respiratory symptoms. The baseline abundance of Coprobacillus, Clostridium ramosum, and Clostridium hathewayi correlated with COVID-19 severity; there was an inverse correlation between abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (an anti-inflammatory bacterium) and disease severity. Over the course of hospitalization, Bacteroides dorei, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides massiliensis, and Bacteroides ovatus, which downregulate expression of ACE2 in murine gut, correlated inversely with SARS-CoV-2 load in fecal samples from patients. In a pilot study of 15 patients with COVID-19, we found persistent alterations in the fecal microbiome during the time of hospitalization, compared with controls. Fecal microbiota alterations were associated with fecal levels of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 severity. Strategies to alter the intestinal microbiota might reduce disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32403954, "title": "Biologics for patients affected by hidradenitis suppurativa in the COVID-19 era: data from a referral center of Southern Italy.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Marasca, Claudio", "Ruggiero, Angelo", "Megna, Matteo", "Annunziata, Maria Carmela", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403954", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397174, "title": "Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients, A New Scenario for an Old Concern: The Fragile Balance between Infections and Autoimmunity.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Picchianti Diamanti, Andrea", "Rosado, Maria Manuela", "Pioli, Claudio", "Sesti, Giorgio", "Lagana, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397174", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 7 January 2020, researchers isolated and sequenced in China from patients with severe pneumonitis a novel coronavirus, then called SARS-CoV-2, which rapidly spread worldwide, becoming a global health emergency. Typical manifestations consist of flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, and dyspnea. However, in about 20% of patients, the infection progresses to severe interstitial pneumonia and can induce an uncontrolled host-immune response, leading to a life-threatening condition called cytokine release syndrome (CRS). CRS represents an emergency scenario of a frequent challenge, which is the complex and interwoven link between infections and autoimmunity. Indeed, treatment of CRS involves the use of both antivirals to control the underlying infection and immunosuppressive agents to dampen the aberrant pro-inflammatory response of the host. Several trials, evaluating the safety and effectiveness of immunosuppressants commonly used in rheumatic diseases, are ongoing in patients with COVID-19 and CRS, some of which are achieving promising results. However, such a use should follow a multidisciplinary approach, be accompanied by close monitoring, be tailored to patient's clinical and serological features, and be initiated at the right time to reach the best results. Autoimmune patients receiving immunosuppressants could be prone to SARS-CoV-2 infections; however, suspension of the ongoing therapy is contraindicated to avoid disease flares and a consequent increase in the infection risk."}, {"pmid": 32451655, "pmcid": "PMC7247744", "title": "Staying home during \"COVID-19\" decreased fractures, but trauma did not quarantine in one hundred and twelve adults and twenty eight children and the \"tsunami of recommendations\" could not lockdown twelve elective operations.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Hernigou, Jacques", "Morel, Xavier", "Callewier, Antoine", "Bath, Olivier", "Hernigou, Philippe"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451655", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic caused by COVID-19 is the biggest challenge for national health systems for a century. While most medical resources are allocated to treat COVID-19 patients, fractures still need to be treated, as some patients with non-deferrable pathologies. The aim of this paper is to report the early experience of an integrated team of orthopaedic surgeons during this period. This is a mono-geographic, observational, retrospective, descriptive study. We collected data from the beginning of the epidemic (1 March 2020), during the pandemic lockdown period (declared in the country on March 16, 2020) until the end of our study period on April 15, 2020. All the 140 patients presented to the Emergency Department of the hospital during this period with a diagnosis of fracture, or trauma (sprains, dislocations, wounds) were included in the cohort. In addition, 12 patients needing hospitalization for planning a non-deferrable elective surgical treatment were included. A group of patients from the two same hospitals and treated during the same period (1st March 2018 to April 15, 2018) but previously was used as control. Of these 152 patients (mean age 45.5 years; range 1 to 103), 100 underwent a surgical procedure and 52 were managed non-operatively. Twenty-eight were children and 124 were adults. The COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed for four patients. The frequency of patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis among this population treated in emergency was ten fold higher (2.6%; 4 among 152) than in the general population (0.30%) of the country. The mortality rate for patients with surgery was 2% (2 of 100 patients) and 50% (2 of 4) for those older than 60 years with COVID-19; it was null for patients who were managed non-operatively. As compared to the year 2018, the number of patients seen with trauma had decreased of 32% during the epidemic. Staying home during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased trauma frequency of 32%. The structural organization in our hospital allowed us to reduce the time to surgery and ultimately hospital stay, thereby maximizing the already stretched medical resources available to treat all the patients who needed orthopedic care during this period."}, {"pmid": 32483811, "title": "The Real Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (covid-19) on the Pregnancy Outcome.", "journal": "Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet", "authors": ["Goncalves, Ana Katherine"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483811", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is increasing around the world in the number of cases, deaths, and affected countries. Currently, the knowledge regarding the clinical impact of COVID-19 on maternal, fetal, and placental aspects of pregnancy is minimal. Although the elderly and men were the most affected population, in previous situations, such as the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic and the Ebola epidemic, pregnant women were more likely to develop complications than nonpregnant women. There are unanswered questions specific to pregnant women, such as whether pregnant women are more severely affected and whether intrauterine transmission occurs. Additional information is needed to inform key decisions, such as whether pregnant health care workers should receive special consideration, whether to separate infected mothers and their newborns, and whether it is safe for infected women to breastfeed."}, {"pmid": 32283234, "pmcid": "PMC7146699", "title": "Reply: \"Biologics for psoriasis during COVID-19 outbreak\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Di Lernia, Vito"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283234", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32048481, "title": "[NOVEL CORONAVIRUS THAT RECENTLY EMERGED IN CHINA].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Israeli, Eitan"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32048481", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418557, "title": "2019 Coronavirus Disease, Beware of Psychogenic Issue.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Zhang, Qianshi", "Qi, Xin"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418557", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389724, "pmcid": "PMC7205705", "title": "Potential Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Homeless Population.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Albon, Dana", "Soper, Morgan", "Haro, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389724", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506931, "title": "Pakistan's Combat and Comeback Against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Sultan Meo, Anusha", "Shafi, Khalid M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506931", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462179, "title": "Impact of anticoagulation prior to COVID-19 infection: a propensity score-matched cohort study.", "journal": "Blood", "authors": ["Tremblay, Douglas", "van Gerwen, Maaike", "Alsen, Mathilda", "Thibaud, Santiago", "Kessler, Alaina Justine", "Venugopal, Sangeetha", "Makki, Iman", "Qin, Qian", "Dharmapuri, Sirish", "Jun, Tomi", "Bhalla, Sheena", "Berwick, Shana", "Feld, Jonathan", "Mascarenhas, John", "Troy, Kevin", "Cromwell, Caroline", "Dunn, Andrew", "Oh, William K", "Naymagon, Leonard"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462179", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405989, "pmcid": "PMC7220598", "title": "Cardiovascular disease in the literature: A selection of recent original research papers.", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "authors": ["AlJaroudi, Wael A", "Hage, Fadi G"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405989", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447629, "pmcid": "PMC7245573", "title": "COVID-19 and NSAIDS: A Narrative Review of Knowns and Unknowns.", "journal": "Pain Ther", "authors": ["Pergolizzi, Joseph V Jr", "Varrassi, Giustino", "Magnusson, Peter", "LeQuang, Jo Ann", "Paladini, Antonella", "Taylor, Robert", "Wollmuth, Charles", "Breve, Frank", "Christo, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447629", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Concern about the appropriate role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in COVID-19 speculate that NSAIDs, in particular ibuprofen, may upregulate the entry point for the virus, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)\u00a02 receptors and increase susceptibility to the virus or worsen symptoms in existing disease. Adverse outcomes with COVID-19 have been linked to cytokine storm but the most effective way to address exaggerated inflammatory response is complex and unclear. The Expert Working Group on the Commission of Human Medicines in the UK and other organizations have stated that there is insufficient evidence to establish a link between ibuprofen and susceptibility to or exacerbation of COVID-19. NSAID use must also be categorized by whether the drugs are relatively low-dose over-the-counter oral products taken occasionally versus higher-dose or parenteral NSAIDs. Even if evidence emerged arguing for or against NSAIDs in this setting, it is unclear if this evidence would apply to all NSAIDs at all doses in all dosing regimens. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) has been proposed as an alternative to NSAIDs but there are issues with liver toxicity at high doses. There are clearly COVID-19 cases where NSAIDs should not be used, but there is no strong evidence that NSAIDs must be avoided in all patients with COVID-19; clinicians must weigh these choices on an individual basis."}, {"pmid": 32333518, "pmcid": "PMC7267504", "title": "Two cases of COVID-19 with positive salivary and negative pharyngeal or respiratory swabs at hospital discharge: A rising concern.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Azzi, Lorenzo", "Carcano, Giulio", "Dalla Gasperina, Daniella", "Sessa, Fausto", "Maurino, Vittorio", "Baj, Andreina"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333518", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report two cases of COVID-19 showing negative respiratory swabs but positive salivary samples at the same time. These findings rise the concern about how to manage these patients before hospital discharging, thus avoiding contagion among their family members or a second coronavirus wave once the lockdown is over."}, {"pmid": 32386459, "pmcid": "PMC7273022", "title": "Histologic features of long-lasting chilblain-like lesions in a paediatric COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Locatelli, A G", "Robustelli Test, E", "Vezzoli, P", "Carugno, A", "Moggio, E", "Consonni, L", "Gianatti, A", "Sena, P"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386459", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393406, "pmcid": "PMC7242769", "title": "Hospital Emergency Management of Emerging Infectious Disease using Instant Communication Technology.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Lin, Chih-Hao", "Hsieh, Chih-Chia", "Chi, Chih-Hsien"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393406", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243697, "title": "COVID-19 in posttransplant patients-report of 2 cases.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Huang, Jiaofeng", "Lin, Heng", "Wu, Yinlian", "Fang, Yingying", "Kumar, Rahul", "Chen, Gongping", "Lin, Su"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243697", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic since March 2020. We describe here 2 cases of COVID-19 infection in a posttransplant setting. First one is a 59-year-old renal transplant recipient; the second is a 51-year-old allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient. Both patients were on immunosuppressant therapy and had stable graft function before COVID-19 infection. After the diagnosis of COVID-19, immunosuppressive agents were discontinued and methylprednisolone with prophylactic antibiotics were initiated, however, the lung injury progressed. The T cells were extremely low in both patients after infection. Both patients died despite the maximal mechanical ventilatory support. Therefore, the prognosis of COVID-19 pneumonia following transplantation is not optimistic and remains guarded. Lower T cell count may be a surrogate for poor outcome."}, {"pmid": 32438002, "pmcid": "PMC7207143", "title": "Changes in Neurosurgery Resident Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Institutional Experience from a Global Epicenter.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Kessler, Remi A", "Oermann, Eric K", "Dangayach, Neha S", "Bederson, Joshua", "Mocco, J", "Shrivastava, Raj K"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438002", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442687, "pmcid": "PMC7235580", "title": "Sars-cov-2 hurricane impacting proctology outpatient clinics and proctologic emergencies. On the verge of phase 2, learning from phase 1. correspondence.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Gualtieri, G", "Brusciano, L", "Gambardella, C", "Tolone, S", "Lucido, F S", "Del Genio, G", "Terracciano, G", "Docimo, L"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442687", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447232, "pmcid": "PMC7217120", "title": "COVID-19: beta-thalassemia subjects immunised?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Lansiaux, Edouard", "Pebay, Philippe Pierre", "Picard, Jean-Laurent", "Son-Forget, Joachim"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447232", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease whose causative agent has been demonstrated to be a novel virus of the coronavirus family, SARSCoV-2. A recent PRE-print study has showed a heme attack on the 1-beta chain of hemoglobin by COVID19. Beta-thalassemia results of a default in the hemoglobin beta-chain synthesis. 1,5% global population are heterozygotes for this disease. In this study, by a multiple linear regression, we have analyzed the evolution of COVID-19 infection in three Italian regions (Puglia, Sardinia, Sicilia) with different beta-thalassemic prevalences, in order to search a link. The results have showed that betathalassemic heterozygote population prevalence is correlated to immunity against COVID-19, by a regression. This paper is only for academic discussion, the hypotheses and conclusions needs to be confirmed by further research."}, {"pmid": 32329589, "title": "Rehabilitation management of patients with COVID-19. Lessons learned from the first experiences in China.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Li, Jianan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329589", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease characterized by lung damage and involvement in multiple tissues and organs in the whole body. Some of the patients may have long-term impairment and dysfunctions, including pulmonary fibrosis, heart, liver, kidney, nerve and immune system. Rehabilitation has certain beneficial effect in the acute stage, and especially in the recovery stage, including improving respiratory function, exercise endurance, self-care in daily living activities, as well as psychological support, etc. Rehabilitation is not offside or absent. A reasonable rehabilitation program needs scientific research to avoid arbitrary conclusions."}, {"pmid": 32527802, "title": "The receptor binding domain of the viral spike protein is an immunodominant and highly specific target of antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 patients.", "journal": "Sci Immunol", "authors": ["Premkumar, Lakshmanane", "Segovia-Chumbez, Bruno", "Jadi, Ramesh", "Martinez, David R", "Raut, Rajendra", "Markmann, Alena", "Cornaby, Caleb", "Bartelt, Luther", "Weiss, Susan", "Park, Yara", "Edwards, Caitlin E", "Weimer, Eric", "Scherer, Erin M", "Rouphael, Nadine", "Edupuganti, Srilatha", "Weiskopf, Daniela", "Tse, Longping V", "Hou, Yixuan J", "Margolis, David", "Sette, Alessandro", "Collins, Matthew H", "Schmitz, John", "Baric, Ralph S", "de Silva, Aravinda M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527802", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that first emerged in late 2019 is responsible for a pandemic of severe respiratory illness. People infected with this highly contagious virus can present with clinically inapparent, mild, or severe disease. Currently, the virus infection in individuals and at the population level is being monitored by PCR testing of symptomatic patients for the presence of viral RNA. There is an urgent need for SARS-CoV-2 serologic tests to identify all infected individuals, irrespective of clinical symptoms, to conduct surveillance and implement strategies to contain spread. As the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein is poorly conserved between SARS-CoVs and other pathogenic human coronaviruses, the RBD represents a promising antigen for detecting CoV-specific antibodies in people. Here we use a large panel of human sera (63 SARS-CoV-2 patients and 71 control subjects) and hyperimmune sera from animals exposed to zoonotic CoVs to evaluate RBD's performance as an antigen for reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. By day 9 after the onset of symptoms, the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen was highly sensitive (98%) and specific (100%) for antibodies induced by SARS-CoVs. We observed a strong correlation between levels of RBD binding antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in patients. Our results, which reveal the early kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses, support using the RBD antigen in serological diagnostic assays and RBD-specific antibody levels as a correlate of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in people."}, {"pmid": 32274772, "title": "Corticosteroid Guidance for Pregnancy during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["McIntosh, Jennifer Jury"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274772", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is causing a necessary, rapid adjustment within the field of obstetrics. Corticosteroid use is a mainstay of therapy for those women delivering prematurely. Unfortunately, corticosteroid use has been associated with worse outcomes in COVID-19 positive patients. Given this information, it is necessary that obstetricians adjust practice to carefully weigh the fetal benefits with maternal risks. Therefore, our institution has examined the risks and benefits and altered our corticosteroid recommendations. \u00b7 Corticosteroid use is an important part of prematurity treatment because it provides benefit to the fetus.. \u00b7 Corticosteroid use may be related with increased morbidity and mortality in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).. \u00b7 Therefore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, an alteration in current corticosteroid practices is necessary to uniquely weigh the maternal risks and fetal benefits.."}, {"pmid": 32327565, "title": "Two for one with split- or co-ventilation at the peak of the COVID-19 tsunami: is there any role for communal care when the resources for personalised medicine are exhausted?", "journal": "Thorax", "authors": ["Pearson, Steven Dale", "Hall, Jesse B", "Parker, William F"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327565", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518832, "pmcid": "PMC7276249", "title": "Influence of population mobility on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic: based on panel data from Hubei, China.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Jiang, Junfeng", "Luo, Lisha"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518832", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China. The mass population mobility in China during the Spring Festival has been considered a driver to the transmission of COVID-19, but it still needs more empirical discussion. Based on the panel data from Hubei, China between January 6th and February 6th, 2020, a random effects model was used to estimate the impact of population mobility on the transmission of COVID-19. Stata version 12.0 was used, and p\u2009<\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant. The COVID-19 was more likely to be confirmed within 11-12\u2009days after people moved from Wuhan to 16 other prefecture-level cities in Hubei Province, which suggests a period of 11-12\u2009days from contact to being confirmed. The daily confirmed cases and daily increment in incidence in 16 prefecture-level cities show obvious declines 9-12\u2009days post adaptation of city lockdown at the local level. Population mobility is found to be a driver to the rapid transmission of COVID-19, and the lockdown intervention in local prefecture-level cities of Hubei Province has been an effective strategy to block the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32515384, "title": "Respiratory and ventilator management of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Khan, Nafees Ahmad", "Akhtar, Jamal"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515384", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of COVID-19 has infected around 2.5 million people with more than 125,000 deaths across the globe till date, and numbers are still rising. The causative organism is a virus of corona family. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) named it severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to its similarities with the virus was caused SARS outbreak (SARS-CoV). Although most of the patients present with less severe symptoms like rhinitis, cough, fever, and mild flu-like symptoms, it may progress to severe acute respiratory illness, pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) mainly in immunocompromised hosts. Severe infections mainly involve lungs, and compromise its capacity of ventilation. Respiratory and mechanical ventilation is one of the important parts of management."}, {"pmid": 32425309, "pmcid": "PMC7229724", "title": "The Effect of Potential Therapeutic Agents on QT Interval in Patients with COVID-19 Infection: The Importance of Close Monitoring and Correction of Electrolytes.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Habibzadeh, Parham", "Moghadami, Mohsen", "Bagheri Lankarani, Kamran"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425309", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32471800, "pmcid": "PMC7211677", "title": "Gaucher disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection: Emerging management challenges.", "journal": "Mol Genet Metab", "authors": ["Mistry, Pramod", "Balwani, Manisha", "Barbouth, Deborah", "Burrow, T Andrew", "Ginns, Edward I", "Goker-Alpan, Ozlem", "Grabowski, Gregory A", "Kartha, Reena V", "Kishnani, Priya S", "Lau, Heather", "Lee, Chung U", "Lopez, Grisel", "Maegawa, Gustavo", "Packman, Seymour", "Prada, Carlos", "Rosenbloom, Barry", "Lal, Tamanna Roshan", "Schiffmann, Rapheal", "Weinreb, Neal", "Sidransky, Ellen"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471800", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327412, "title": "Covid-19: Two thirds of healthcare workers who have died were from ethnic minorities.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327412", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475035, "title": "Contributions of dermatologists to COVID-19 research: a brief systematic review.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Wang, Yuanzhuo", "Fang, Rouyu", "Zhang, Hanlin", "Tang, Keyun", "Sun, Qiuning"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475035", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic. We conducted a systematic review to reveal the contribution of dermatologists in COVID-19 research. 298 articles were included and classified into cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19, operating experience against COVID-19, mechanisms and treatment of COVID-19, disinfection and personal protective equipment(PPE)-related skin diseases and other topics. The value of these articles and their impact on clinical impact were discussed and we hope that dermatologists can have a better understanding of these areas from this study. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32442510, "pmcid": "PMC7237375", "title": "COVID-19 is Out of Proportion in African Americans. This Will Come as No Surprise....", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Fouad, Mona N", "Ruffin, John", "Vickers, Selwyn M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442510", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385859, "pmcid": "PMC7272987", "title": "CID-19 pulmonary infection in erythrodermic psoriatic patient with oligodendroglioma: safety and compatibility of apremilast with critical intensive care management.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Mugheddu, C", "Pizzatti, L", "Sanna, S", "Atzori, L", "Rongioletti, F"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385859", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464114, "pmcid": "PMC7247795", "title": "Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris' response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464114", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378252, "pmcid": "PMC7261991", "title": "A phased approach to unlocking during the COVID-19 pandemic-Lessons from trend analysis.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Stedman, Mike", "Davies, Mark", "Lunt, Mark", "Verma, Arpana", "Anderson, Simon G", "Heald, Adrian H"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378252", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has led to radical political control of social behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to explore data trends from the pandemic regarding infection rates/policy impact and draw learning points for informing the unlocking process. The daily published cases in England in each of 149 Upper Tier Local Authority (UTLA) areas were converted to Average Daily Infection Rate (ADIR), an R value-the number of further people infected by one infected person during their infectious phase with Rate of Change of Infection Rate (RCIR) also calculated. Stepwise regression was carried out to see what local factors could be linked to differences in local infection rates. By the 19th April 2020 the infection R has fallen from 2.8 on 23rd March before the lockdown and has stabilised at about 0.8 sufficient for suppression. However, there remain significant variations between England regions. Regression analysis across UTLAs found that the only factor relating to reduction in ADIR was the historic number of confirmed number infection/000 population, There is, however, wide variation between Upper Tier Local Authorities (UTLA) areas. Extrapolation of these results showed that unreported community infection may be 150 times higher than reported cases, providing evidence that by the end of the 2nd week in April, 26.8% of the population may already have had the disease and so have increased immunity. Analysis of current case data using infectious ratio has provided novel insight into the current national state and can be used to make better-informed decisions about future management of restricted social behaviour and movement."}, {"pmid": 32170027, "title": "Trainees and covid-19: your questions answered.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32170027", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527304, "title": "Exploring pharmacological approaches for managing cytokine storm associated with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Convertino, Irma", "Tuccori, Marco", "Ferraro, Sara", "Valdiserra, Giulia", "Cappello, Emiliano", "Focosi, Daniele", "Blandizzi, Corrado"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527304", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sars-CoV-2 complications include pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which require intensive care unit admission. These conditions have rapidly overwhelmed healthcare systems, with detrimental effects on the quality of care and increased mortality. Social isolation strategies have been implemented worldwide with the aim of reducing hospital pressure. Among therapeutic strategies, the use of immunomodulating drugs, to improve prognosis, seems promising. Particularly, since pneumonia and ARDS are associated with a cytokine storm, drugs belonging to therapeutic classes as anti-IL-6, anti-TNF, and JAK inhibitors are currently studied. In this article, we discuss the potential advantages of the most promising pharmacological approaches."}, {"pmid": 32414076, "title": "Global Transmission, Spatial Segregation, and Recombination Determine the Long-Term Evolution and Epidemiology of Bovine Coronaviruses.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Salem, Elias", "Dhanasekaran, Vijaykrishna", "Cassard, Herve", "Hause, Ben", "Maman, Sarah", "Meyer, Gilles", "Ducatez, Mariette F"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414076", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is widespread in cattle and wild ruminant populations throughout the world. The virus causes neonatal calf diarrhea and winter dysentery in adult cattle, as well as upper and lower respiratory tract infection in young cattle. We isolated and deep sequenced whole genomes of BCoV from calves with respiratory distress in the south-west of France and conducted a comparative genome analysis using globally collected BCoV sequences to provide insights into the genomic characteristics, evolutionary origins, and global diversity of BCoV. Molecular clock analyses allowed us to estimate that the BCoV ancestor emerged in the 1940s, and that two geographically distinct lineages diverged from the 1960s-1970s. A recombination event in the spike gene (breakpoint at nt 1100) may be at the origin of the genetic divergence sixty years ago. Little evidence of genetic mixing between the spatially segregated lineages was found, suggesting that BCoV genetic diversity is a result of a global transmission pathway that occurred during the last century. However, we found variation in evolution rates between the European and non-European lineages indicating differences in virus ecology."}, {"pmid": 32282549, "title": "Chronic liver disease is not associated with severity or mortality in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis.", "journal": "Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "de Oliveira, Maria Helena Santos", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282549", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373786, "pmcid": "PMC7194793", "title": "Cautions about radiologic diagnosis of COVID-19 infection driven by artificial intelligence.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["Laghi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373786", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255483, "pmcid": "PMC7184343", "title": "Before the Flood.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pergam, Steven A"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255483", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366513, "title": "Covid-19: Confidentiality agreements allow antibody test manufacturers to withhold evaluation results.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366513", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531299, "title": "Addressing the public mental health challenge of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Campion, Jonathan", "Javed, Afzal", "Sartorius, Norman", "Marmot, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531299", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32007152, "pmcid": "PMC7137834", "title": "Offline: 2019-nCoV outbreak-early lessons.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-02-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32007152", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251668, "pmcid": "PMC7194936", "title": "Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples from the Hong Kong Cohort and Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Cheung, Ka Shing", "Hung, Ivan Fn", "Chan, Pierre Py", "Lung, K C", "Tso, Eugene", "Liu, Raymond", "Ng, Y Y", "Chu, Man Y", "Chung, Tom Wh", "Tam, Anthony Raymond", "Yip, Cyril Cy", "Leung, Kit-Hang", "Yim-Fong Fung, Agnes", "Zhang, Ricky R", "Lin, Yansheng", "Cheng, Ho Ming", "Zhang, Anna Jx", "To, Kelvin Kw", "Chan, Kwok-H", "Yuen, Kwok-Y", "Leung, Wai K"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251668", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has been characterized by fever, respiratory, and gastrointestinal symptoms as well as shedding of virus RNA into feces. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published gastrointestinal symptoms and detection of virus in stool and also summarized data from a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in Hong Kong. We collected data from the cohort of patients with COVID-19 in Hong Kong (N\u00a0= 59; diagnosis from February 2 through February 29, 2020),and searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and 3 Chinese databases through March 11, 2020, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We analyzed pooled data on the prevalence of overall and individual gastrointestinal symptoms (loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain or discomfort) using a random effects model. Among the 59 patients with COVID-19 in Hong Kong, 15 patients (25.4%) had gastrointestinal symptoms, and 9 patients (15.3%) had stool that tested positive for virus RNA. Stool viral RNA was detected in 38.5% and 8.7% among those with and without diarrhea, respectively (P\u00a0= .02). The median fecal viral load was 5.1 log10 copies per milliliter in patients with diarrhea vs 3.9 log10 copies per milliliter in patients without diarrhea (P\u00a0= .06). In a meta-analysis of 60 studies comprising 4243 patients, the pooled prevalence of all gastrointestinal symptoms was 17.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.3-24.5); 11.8% of patients with nonsevere COVID-19 had gastrointestinal symptoms (95% CI, 4.1-29.1), and 17.1% of patients with severe COVID-19 had gastrointestinal symptoms (95% CI, 6.9-36.7). In the meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of stool samples that were positive for virus RNA\u00a0was 48.1% (95% CI, 38.3-57.9); of these samples, 70.3% of those collected after loss of virus from respiratory specimens\u00a0tested positive for the virus (95% CI, 49.6-85.1). In an analysis of data from the Hong Kong cohort of patients with COVID-19 and a meta-analysis of findings from publications, we found that 17.6% of patients with COVID-19 had gastrointestinal symptoms. Virus RNA was detected in stool samples from 48.1% patients, even in stool collected after respiratory samples had negative test results. Health care workers should therefore exercise caution in collecting fecal samples or performing endoscopic procedures in patients with COVID-19, even during patient recovery."}, {"pmid": 32294454, "pmcid": "PMC7146721", "title": "Ventilation-Perfusion Scans During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Lee, Joseph C", "Chong, Jia Wen"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294454", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473658, "pmcid": "PMC7255755", "title": "COVID-19 in people with HIV.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Xu, Zhe", "Zhang, Chao", "Wang, Fu-Sheng"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473658", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432219, "pmcid": "PMC7226311", "title": "Insights in Public Health: COVID-19 Special Column: The Crisis of Non-Communicable Diseases in the Pacific and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "Hawaii J Health Soc Welf", "authors": ["Tin, Si Thu Win", "Vivili, Paula", "Na'ati, Elisiva", "Bertrand, Solene", "Kubuabola, Ilisapeci"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432219", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Globally, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is threatening human health and changing the way people live. With the increasing evidence showing comorbidities of COVID-19 and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), the Pacific region, where approximately 75% of deaths are due to NCDs, is significantly vulnerable during this crisis unless urgent action is taken. Whilst enforcing the critical mitigation measures of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Pacific, it is also paramount to incorporate and strengthen NCD prevention and control measures to safeguard people with NCDs and the general population; keep people healthy and minimise the impact of COVID-19. To sustain wellbeing of health, social relationships, and the economy in the Pacific, it is a critical time for all governments, development partners and civil societies to show regional solidarity in the fight against emerging COVID-19 health crisis and existing Pacific NCDs crisis through a whole of government and whole of society approach."}, {"pmid": 32366720, "title": "Identification of antiviral drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 from FDA-approved drugs.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Jeon, Sangeun", "Ko, Meehyun", "Lee, Jihye", "Choi, Inhee", "Byun, Soo Young", "Park, Soonju", "Shum, David", "Kim, Seungtaek"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366720", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Drug repositioning is the only feasible option to address the COVID-19 global challenge immediately. We screened a panel of 48 FDA-approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 which were pre-selected by an assay of SARS-CoV and identified 24 potential antiviral drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some drug candidates showed very low micromolar IC50s and in particular, two FDA-approved drugs - niclosamide and ciclesonide - were notable in some respects."}, {"pmid": 32487009, "title": "COVID-19 Emergency Reforms in Massachusetts to Support Behavioral Health Care and Reduce Mortality of People With Serious Mental Illness.", "journal": "Psychiatr Serv", "authors": ["Bartels, Stephen J", "Baggett, Travis P", "Freudenreich, Oliver", "Bird, Bruce L"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487009", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "People with serious mental illness are at disproportionate risk of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality because of high rates of risk factors that directly parallel those related to poor coronavirus outcomes, including smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, along with housing instability, homelessness, food insecurity, and poverty. Community-based behavioral health organizations are also at risk of adverse outcomes because of dramatic declines in revenues and a diminished workforce. The State of Massachusetts has responded to this crisis by rapidly implementing a variety of policy, regulatory, and payment reforms. This column describes some of these reforms, which are designed to enhance remote telehealth delivery of care, ensure access to needed medications and residential care staff, and support the financial livelihood of community-based behavioral health services."}, {"pmid": 32451258, "pmcid": "PMC7237937", "title": "Can complementary and alternative medicines be beneficial in the treatment of COVID-19 through improving immune system function?", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Nilashi, Mehrbakhsh", "Samad, Sarminah", "Yusuf, Salma Yasmin Mohd", "Akbari, Elnaz"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451258", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428112, "pmcid": "PMC7213661", "title": "Expert recommendations for the care of newborns of mothers with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Carvalho, Werther Brunow de", "Gibelli, Maria Augusta Bento Cicaroni", "Krebs, Vera Lucia Jornada", "Calil, Valdenise Martins Laurindo Tuma", "Johnston, Cintia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428112", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article presents expert recommendations for assisting newborn children of mothers with suspected or diagnosed coronavirus disease 2019 </mac_aq>(COVID-19). The consensus was developed by five experts with an average of 20 years of experience in neonatal intensive care working at a reference university hospital in Brazil for the care of pregnant women and newborns with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Despite the lack of scientific evidence regarding the potential for viral transmission to their fetus in pregnant mothers diagnosed with or suspected of COVID-19, it is important to elaborate the lines of care by specialists from hospitals caring for suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases to guide multidisciplinary teams and families diagnosed with the disease or involved in the care of pregnant women and newborns in this context. Multidisciplinary teams must be attentive to the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 so that decision-making is oriented and assertive for the management of the mother and newborn in both the hospital setting and at hospital discharge."}, {"pmid": 32471628, "pmcid": "PMC7214289", "title": "Rapid Modification of Workflows and Fellow Staffing at a Single Transplant Center to Address the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Transplant Proc", "authors": ["Thiessen, Carrie", "Wisel, Steven A", "Yamaguchi, Seiji", "Dietch, Zachary C", "Feng, Sandy", "Freise, Chris E"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471628", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although hospital systems have largely halted elective surgical practices in preparing their response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, transplantation remains an essential and lifesaving surgical practice. To continue transplantation while protecting immunocompromised patients and health care workers, significant restructuring of normal patient care practice habits is required. This is a nonrandomized, descriptive study of the abdominal transplant program at 1 academic center (University of California, San Francisco) and the programmatic changes undertaken to safely continue transplantations. Patient transfers, fellow use, and patient discharge education were identified as key areas requiring significant reorganization. The University of California, San Francisco abdominal transplant program took an early and aggressive approach to restructuring inpatient workflows and health care worker staffing. The authors formalized a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transfer system to address patients in need of services at their institution while minimizing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 in their transplant ward and used technological approaches to provide virtual telehealth where possible. They also modified their transplant fellow staffing and responsibilities to develop an adequate backup system in case of potential exposures. Every transplant program is unique, and an individualized plan to adapt and modify standard clinical practices will be required to continue providing essential transplantation services. The authors' experience highlights areas of attention specific to transplant programs and may provide generalizable solutions to support continued transplantation in the COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32496123, "title": "Author s answer to: \"Effect of adacolumn(R) in ulcerative colitis with COVID-19\".", "journal": "Rev Esp Enferm Dig", "authors": ["Hinojosa Del Val, Joaquin", "Crespo, Javier", "Perez-Cuadrado Martinez, Enrique"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496123", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have read with interest the article published by P\u00e9rez et al., we really appreciate their interesting comments and would like to qualify some points. With the except of the clinical practice, currently there is no recommendation based on scientific evidence about the use of apheresis in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), and even less in Crohn's disease (CD). However, the results obtained in the case of P\u00e9rez et al. in relation to systemic inflammation and pulmonary clinical improvement are very interesting from a pathophysiological and clinical point of view."}, {"pmid": 32432785, "title": "Assumptions for disparities in case-fatality rates of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) across the globe.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Undela, K", "Gudi, S K"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432785", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy", "France", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a short span, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become the world pandemic by rapidly spreading almost to all the countries around the globe, irrespective of the continent, population size, economic status and healthcare system. Despite the number of cases increasing exponentially in most of the countries, there exist certain disparities in terms of case-fatality rates. As of April 24, 2020, the case-fatality rate of COVID-19 is about 7.0%, with 193,671 deaths and 2,761,121 confirmed cases around the world. Although the United States of America (USA), Spain, Italy, France, and Germany are the top-most affected counties in terms of confirmed cases; France, Italy and Spain are leading the list in terms of case-fatality rates. Therefore, through this mini-review, authors sought to brief on possible assumptions (five D's) that might contribute to the varying case-fatality rates among different countries across the globe."}, {"pmid": 32492874, "title": "Using Machine Learning to Predict ICU Transfer in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Cheng, Fu-Yuan", "Joshi, Himanshu", "Tandon, Pranai", "Freeman, Robert", "Reich, David L", "Mazumdar, Madhu", "Kohli-Seth, Roopa", "Levin, Matthew", "Timsina, Prem", "Kia, Arash"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492874", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Approximately 20-30% of patients with COVID-19 require hospitalization, and 5-12% may require critical care in an intensive care unit (ICU). A rapid surge in cases of severe COVID-19 will lead to a corresponding surge in demand for ICU care. Because of constraints on resources, frontline healthcare workers may be unable to provide the frequent monitoring and assessment required for all patients at high risk of clinical deterioration. We developed a machine learning-based risk prioritization tool that predicts ICU transfer within 24 h, seeking to facilitate efficient use of care providers' efforts and help hospitals plan their flow of operations. A retrospective cohort was comprised of non-ICU COVID-19 admissions at a large acute care health system between 26 February and 18 April 2020. Time series data, including vital signs, nursing assessments, laboratory data, and electrocardiograms, were used as input variables for training a random forest (RF) model. The cohort was randomly split (70:30) into training and test sets. The RF model was trained using 10-fold cross-validation on the training set, and its predictive performance on the test set was then evaluated. The cohort consisted of 1987 unique patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to non-ICU units of the hospital. The median time to ICU transfer was 2.45 days from the time of admission. Compared to actual admissions, the tool had 72.8% (95% CI: 63.2-81.1%) sensitivity, 76.3% (95% CI: 74.7-77.9%) specificity, 76.2% (95% CI: 74.6-77.7%) accuracy, and 79.9% (95% CI: 75.2-84.6%) area under the receiver operating characteristics curve. A ML-based prediction model can be used as a screening tool to identify patients at risk of imminent ICU transfer within 24 h. This tool could improve the management of hospital resources and patient-throughput planning, thus delivering more effective care to patients hospitalized with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32522717, "title": "\"Women and children last\"-effects of the covid-19 pandemic on reproductive, perinatal, and paediatric health.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["von Dadelszen, Peter", "Khalil, Asma", "Wolfe, Ingrid", "Kametas, Nikos A", "O'Brien, Patrick", "Magee, Laura A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522717", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350103, "pmcid": "PMC7191114", "title": "Universal use of face masks for success against COVID-19: evidence and implications for prevention policies.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Esposito, Susanna", "Principi, Nicola", "Leung, Chi Chi", "Migliori, Giovanni Battista"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350103", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398897, "pmcid": "PMC7214860", "title": "COVID-19 and disruptions to food systems.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Benton, Tim G"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398897", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310671, "title": "Addressing the Question of Dermatologic Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Lower Extremities: A Closer Look at the Available Data and its Implications.", "journal": "J Am Podiatr Med Assoc", "authors": ["Basatneh, Rami", "Vlahovic, Tracey C"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310671", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442420, "pmcid": "PMC7237361", "title": "Gastrointestinal features in children with COVID-19: an observation of varied presentation in eight children.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Tullie, Lucinda", "Ford, Kathryn", "Bisharat, May", "Watson, Tom", "Thakkar, Hemanshoo", "Mullassery, Dhanya", "Giuliani, Stefano", "Blackburn, Simon", "Cross, Kate", "De Coppi, Paolo", "Curry, Joe"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442420", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504351, "pmcid": "PMC7272591", "title": "The New Virtual Reality: Advanced Endoscopy Education in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Dig Dis Sci", "authors": ["Siddiqui, Uzma D", "Aslanian, Harry R"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504351", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220201, "title": "Epidemiology of Covid-19. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Swerdlow, David L", "Finelli, Lyn", "Lipsitch, Marc"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220201", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292206, "pmcid": "PMC7151311", "title": "Doomsday preppers and the architecture of dread.", "journal": "Geoforum", "authors": ["Garrett, Bradley"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292206", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prepping is a practice of anticipating and adaptating to impending conditions of calamity, ranging from low-level crises to extinction-level events. The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, which preppers consider a 'mid-level' event, and which many of them were well-prepared for, makes clear that scholarly attention to prepper's motivations and methods is both timely and valuable. Drawing from a three-year ethnographic research project with preppers, this paper traces the activity of a single bunker builder who has constructed a technically sophisticated private underground community. Supplemented by additional fieldwork, the paper argues that the boltholes preppers are building in closed communities built to survive the collapse of society, order, and even the environment itself, refract the seemingly irresolvable problems we are failing to address as a species. In the prepper ideology, faith in adaptation has supplanted hope of mitigation, making contemporary bunkers more speculative than reactionary and more temporal than spatial. The bunkers preppers build are an ark to cross through a likely (but often unspecified) catastrophe; they are a chrysalis from which to be reborn - potentially even into an improved milieu."}, {"pmid": 32495403, "title": "Safeguarding Dermatologist Attendings and Residents Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focus on Special Populations.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Stewart, Claire R", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495403", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418632, "pmcid": "PMC7224147", "title": "Academic global surgery and COVID-19: Turning impediments into opportunities.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Martin, Allison N", "Petroze, Robin T"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418632", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492200, "title": "Remdesivir and Tocilizumab: Mix or Match.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Akinosoglou, K", "Velissaris, D", "Ziazias, D", "Davoulos, C", "Tousis, A", "Tsiotsios, K", "Kalogeropoulou, C", "Spyridonidis, A", "Marangos, M", "Fligkou, F", "Gogos, C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492200", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, no therapy has demonstrated definite efficacy for patients with COVID-19. Antiviral, as well as, anti-inflammatory approaches, as these represented by remdesivir (RDV) and tocilizumab (TCZ) use, have been recently put forward. However, data upon optimal choice of one over the other, or potential need for regimen combination, remains an open question. We hereby report two well-matched cases of SARS-CoV-2 (+) patients, developing respiratory failure, both receiving TCZ following severe inflammatory response, with or without RDV. We argue that, RDV administration is pivotal early in the course of the disease, since TCZ use alone cannot ensure inflammation control. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32445512, "title": "Morbid Obesity as an Independent Risk Factor for COVID-19 Mortality in Hospitalized Patients Younger than 50.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Klang, Eyal", "Kassim, Gassan", "Soffer, Shelly", "Freeman, Robert", "Levin, Matthew A", "Reich, David L"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445512", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 continues to spread and younger patients are also being critically affected. This study analyzed obesity as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients younger than fifty. We retrospectively analyzed data of COVID-19 patients hospitalized to a large academic hospital system in New York City between March 1st and May 17th, 2020. Data included demographics, comorbidities, BMI and smoking status. Obesity groups included: BMI 30-40 kg/m2 and BMI \u2265 40 kg/m2 . Multivariable logistic regression models identified variables independently associated with mortality in patients younger and older than 50. Overall, 3,406 patients were included. 572 (17.0%) of the patients were younger than 50. In the younger age group, 60 (10.5%) patients died. In the older age group, 1,076 (38.0%) patients died. For the younger population, BMI above 40 kg/m2 was independently associated with mortality (aOR 5.1, 95% CI 2.3-11.1). For the older population, BMI above 40 kg/m2 was also independently associated with mortality to a lesser extent (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2 - 2.3). Our study demonstrates that hospitalized patients younger than 50 with morbid obesity are more likely to die from COVID-19. This is particularly relevant in the western world where obesity rates are high."}, {"pmid": 32355450, "pmcid": "PMC7190282", "title": "A quasi-experiment on using guided mobile learning interventions in ESL classrooms: Time use and academic performance.", "journal": "Educ Inf Technol (Dordr)", "authors": ["Ng, Siew Foen", "Azlan, Mohammad Affiq Kamarul", "Kamal, Alia Nadhirah Ahmad", "Manion, Alison"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355450", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This quasi-experimental study examined a guided learning approach towards the use of mobile devices and investigated the performance of language learners who were guided in the usage. A total of 419 students from two faculties were invited to participate in this 8-week intervention, 155 participants in the control group and 264 in the experimental group. In the experimental group, the researchers incorporated guided activities Module Intervention Model (MIM) using mobile devices into the ESL lessons whereas the control group lessons were without guided activities. Participants from both groups were asked to record their daily mobile device use for activities related to English language learning using an online form. These data were compared to the results of the tests conducted pre- and post-treatment. At the end of the study, students who received guided language activities utilizing the mobile devices had significantly higher levels of language performance than control group students. However, treatment group students who spent more time using mobile devices to learn the language did not display better performance compared to those who spent minimal time. This finding re-established the importance of guided activities as intervention to facilitate students' learning and points to the need for curricular modernization and faculty development in the instructional use of technology. Due to the increased need for online instruction precipitated by \"social distancing and isolation' required to overcome the coronavirus pandemic, the need for faculty to acquire skills in guided use of mobile devices for school-related learning is anticipated to be greater than ever."}, {"pmid": 32283294, "pmcid": "PMC7146652", "title": "Encephalitis as a clinical manifestation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Ye, Mingxiang", "Ren, Yi", "Lv, Tangfeng"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283294", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396446, "title": "Otologic and Audiologic Considerations for COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Eby, Thomas L", "Arteaga, Alberto A", "Spankovich, Christopher"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396446", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created a number of considerations for otolaryngology; anosmia and ageusia in particular have gained significant attention. Here we present considerations in regard to treatment with quinine-derived drugs and the influence of masks on communication."}, {"pmid": 32527721, "title": "Covid-19 communication aids.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Gray, Nathan A", "Back, Anthony L"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527721", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509205, "title": "Clinical interventions for severe and critical COVID-19: what are the options.", "journal": "Am J Transl Res", "authors": ["Yuan, Wei", "Liu, Sheng", "Lu, Li", "Feng, Juan", "He, Xin"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509205", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been ongoing outbreak and declared as a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization. Severe and critical COVID-19 has high fatality rate due to complications like acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute respiratory failure or multiple organ failure. So far, there have been mounting research on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19. However, the information regarding treatment of severe and critical COVID-19 is limited. The current study reviewed published evidence of clinical interventions of severe and critical COVID-19, aiming to provide an up-to-date reference for further clinical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32265571, "title": "Stop the coronavirus stigma now.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265571", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530587, "title": "Projecting the Course of COVID-19 in Turkey: A Probabilistic Modeling Approach.", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Acar, Aybar Can", "Er, Ahmet Gorkem", "Burduroglu, Huseyin Cahit", "Sulku, Seher Nur", "Aydin Son, Yesim", "Akin, Levent", "Unal, Serhat"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530587", "countries": ["China", "Turkey"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 Pandemic originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and became one of the worst global health crises ever. While struggling with the unknown nature of this novel coronavirus, many researchers and groups attempted to project the progress of the pandemic using empirical or mechanistic models, each one having its drawbacks. The first confirmed cases were announced early in March, and since then, serious containment measures have taken place in Turkey. Here, we present a different approach, a Bayesian negative binomial multilevel model with mixed effects, for the projection of the COVID-19 pandemic and apply this model to the Turkish case. The model source code is available at https://github.com/kansil/covid-19. We predicted confirmed daily cases and cumulative numbers for June 6th to June 26th with 80%, 95% and 99% prediction intervals (PI). Our projections showed that if we continued to comply with measures and no drastic changes are seen in diagnosis or management protocols, the epidemic curve would tend to decrease in this time interval. Also, the predictive validity analysis suggests that proposed model projections should be in the 95% PI band for the first 12 days of the projections. We expect that drastic changes in the course of the COVID-19 in Turkey will cause the model to suffer in predictive validity, and this can be used to monitor the epidemic. We hope that the discussion on these projections and the limitations of the epidemiological forecasting will be beneficial to the medical community, and policy-makers."}, {"pmid": 32401401, "pmcid": "PMC7272831", "title": "The effect of the \"stay-at-home\" policy on requests for dermatology outpatient clinic visits after the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kutlu, Omer", "Gunes, Ridvan", "Coerdt, Kathleen", "Metin, Ahmet", "Khachemoune, Amor"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401401", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged late in Turkey but it showed a rapid progression later. We aimed to investigate the changes in the number of patients who requested a dermatology outpatient clinic visit due to the increased social and medical burden caused by COVID-19 in Turkey during the first days of the pandemic. We also examined the most common dermatologic diseases diagnosed during the COVID-19 outbreak. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the number of COVID-19 patients in the country and the number of patients requesting a dermatology outpatient clinic visit in the secondary and tertiary care hospitals during self-quarantine. In the first 10\u2009days after the COVID-19 outbreak, acne (28.2%), urticaria (12.8%), scabies (12.8%), irritant contact dermatitis (10.3%), and xerosis cutis (10.2%) were the most common diseases seen in the dermatology clinic at the secondary care hospital, while acne (23.3%), warts (5.4%), seborrheic dermatitis (4.5%), urticaria (3.8%), and psoriasis (3.32%) were the most common diseases seen in the dermatology clinic at the tertiary care hospital. This is our first study on the frequency and nature of outpatient dermatology visits during this novel coronavirus pandemic. Understanding the trends and impacts of dermatologic diseases on patients and health systems during this pandemic will allow for better preparation of dermatologists in the future."}, {"pmid": 32467792, "pmcid": "PMC7249758", "title": "Bradycardia, Renal Failure, Atrioventricular Nodal Blockade, Shock, and Hyperkalemia (BRASH) Syndrome as a Presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Prabhu, Vishaal", "Hsu, Edmund", "Lestin, Stephan", "Soltanianzadeh, Yasamin", "Hadi, Sara"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467792", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)\u00a0has led to a global pandemic. While acute respiratory failure has been the predominant concern, there have been reports of other end-organ damage such as renal failure. We report a case of an elderly woman who presented with BRASH syndrome, a constellation of bradycardia, renal failure, atrioventricular (AV) nodal blockade, shock, and hyperkalemia (BRASH), which was likely triggered by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32329812, "title": "Just one more hygiene practice in COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Gui, D", "Pepe, G", "Magalini, S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329812", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420788, "title": "Management strategies of autoimmune bullous diseases during the outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Chen, Pan", "Zhang, Guiying", "Zhan, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420788", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since late December 2019, an outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease, which is mainly characterized by pulmonary lesions, has spread quickly worldwide. With the spread of the novel coronavirus, the outpatient lines of hospitals have mostly shut down, which means that routine clinical diagnosis and treatment for autoimmune bullous diseases patients have been disturbed. Due to the serious condition of autoimmune bullous diseases patients, they are prone to immune suppression and circulatory failure, and are more susceptible to infection than healthy individuals. These patients should thus be a priority group for novel coronavirus disease prevention. In this context, the protection and control measures for autoimmune bullous diseases patients against the novel coronavirus are of serious concern. Clinicians should strengthen their communication with patients, pay attention to changes in patients' conditions, and carefully adjust the treatment strategy, while protecting against the novel coronavirus infection, to ensure the continuity, safety, and effectiveness of autoimmune bullous diseases treatment."}, {"pmid": 32241949, "title": "Making allowances for COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Zhou, Ye"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241949", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374218, "title": "Spotlight on avian coronaviruses.", "journal": "Avian Pathol", "authors": ["de Wit, J J Sjaak", "Cook, Jane K A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374218", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) mainly cause enteric and/or respiratory signs. Mammalian CoVs including COVID-19 (now officially named SARS-CoV-2) belong to either the Alphacoronavirus or Betacoronavirus genera. In birds, the majority of the known CoVs belong to the Gammacoronavirus genus, whilst a small number are classified as Deltacoronaviruses. Gammacoronaviruses continue to be reported in an increasing number of avian species, generally by detection of viral RNA. Apart from infectious bronchitis virus in chickens, the only avian species in which CoV has been definitively associated with disease are the turkey, pheasant and guinea fowl. Whilst there is strong evidence for recombination between gammacoronaviruses of different avian species, and between betacoronaviruses in different mammals, evidence of recombination between coronaviruses of different genera is lacking. Furthermore, the recombination of an alpha or betacoronavirus with a gammacoronavirus is extremely unlikely. For recombination to happen, the two viruses would need to be present in the same cell of the same animal at the same time, a highly unlikely scenario as they cannot replicate in the same host!"}, {"pmid": 32459919, "title": "Remdesivir for 5 or 10 Days in Patients with Severe Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Goldman, Jason D", "Lye, David C B", "Hui, David S", "Marks, Kristen M", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Montejano, Rocio", "Spinner, Christoph D", "Galli, Massimo", "Ahn, Mi-Young", "Nahass, Ronald G", "Chen, Yao-Shen", "SenGupta, Devi", "Hyland, Robert H", "Osinusi, Anu O", "Cao, Huyen", "Blair, Christiana", "Wei, Xuelian", "Gaggar, Anuj", "Brainard, Diana M", "Towner, William J", "Munoz, Jose", "Mullane, Kathleen M", "Marty, Francisco M", "Tashima, Karen T", "Diaz, George", "Subramanian, Aruna"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459919", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Remdesivir is an RNA polymerase inhibitor with potent antiviral activity in vitro and efficacy in animal models of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). We conducted a randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial involving hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, oxygen saturation of 94% or less while they were breathing ambient air, and radiologic evidence of pneumonia. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive intravenous remdesivir for either 5 days or 10 days. All patients received 200 mg of remdesivir on day 1 and 100 mg once daily on subsequent days. The primary end point was clinical status on day 14, assessed on a 7-point ordinal scale. In total, 397 patients underwent randomization and began treatment (200 patients for 5 days and 197 for 10 days). The median duration of treatment was 5 days (interquartile range, 5 to 5) in the 5-day group and 9 days (interquartile range, 5 to 10) in the 10-day group. At baseline, patients randomly assigned to the 10-day group had significantly worse clinical status than those assigned to the 5-day group (P\u2009=\u20090.02). By day 14, a clinical improvement of 2 points or more on the ordinal scale occurred in 64% of patients in the 5-day group and in 54% in the 10-day group. After adjustment for baseline clinical status, patients in the 10-day group had a distribution in clinical status at day 14 that was similar to that among patients in the 5-day group (P\u2009=\u20090.14). The most common adverse events were nausea (9% of patients), worsening respiratory failure (8%), elevated alanine aminotransferase level (7%), and constipation (7%). In patients with severe Covid-19 not requiring mechanical ventilation, our trial did not show a significant difference between a 5-day course and a 10-day course of remdesivir. With no placebo control, however, the magnitude of benefit cannot be determined. (Funded by Gilead Sciences; GS-US-540-5773 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04292899.)."}, {"pmid": 32483500, "pmcid": "PMC7253078", "title": "Refractory Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Secondary to COVID-19 Successfully Extubated to Average Volume-assured Pressure Support Non-invasive Ventilator.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Mittal, Abhinav", "Forte, Michael", "Leonard, Rachel", "Sangani, Rahul", "Sharma, Sunil"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483500", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by the highly infectious novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus spread by droplet transmission. Consequently, the use of respiratory devices that may potentially promote aerosolization like non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) for diseases such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), advanced chronic obstructive lung disease, pulmonary hypertension (PH), and neuromuscular respiratory disease has been called into question. We present a case of a patient with history of OSA and PH convalescing from refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19 who was successfully\u00a0extubated to average volume-assured pressure support (AVAPS). A 74-year-old male with medical history notable for OSA on NIPPV, PH, and hypertension presented with respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 confirmed on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. His respiratory status worsened leading to ARDS\u00a0requiring intubation. He was initially extubated to\u00a0high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) due to hospital policy to avoid NIPPV due to concerns of\u00a0viral dissemination. He did not tolerate HFNC and required re-intubation for prolonged period.\u00a0He was then medically optimized for a second attempt and extubated two days later to AVAPS with an anti-viral filter and negative pressure room with a goal of optimizing his critical illness myopathy and pre-existing OSA and PH. He tolerated extubation well, and over the next five days was weaned from alternating AVAPS/HFNC\u00a0to eventually requiring two liters nasal cannula in the day and AVAPS mode at night. This case highlights a potential therapeutic option for patients with severe respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19. This patient's pre-existing comorbidities of OSA and PH markedly increased his risk for extubation failure on HFNC. The use of AVAPS after his second extubation attempt helped ensure ventilation and oxygenation non-invasively. COVID-19\u00a0can lead to prolonged dependence on mechanical ventilation. This pandemic has the potential to create medical resource scarcities, especially in rural areas where ventilators and trained personnel are already in short supply. By using AVAPS mode, this patient was able to rehabilitate his myopathy and participate in intermittent weaning of HFNC to ultimately simple nasal cannula. AVAPS is useful tool to facilitate extubation, as it allows non-invasive support of respiratory dynamics, particularly in those with co-morbidities such as OSA and PH. Further, larger scale studies are needed to determine its exact role during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32121356, "pmcid": "PMC7141332", "title": "Backcalculating the Incidence of Infection with COVID-19 on the Diamond Princess.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Nishiura, Hiroshi"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32121356", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To understand the time-dependent risk of infection on a cruise ship, the Diamond Princess, I estimated the incidence of infection with novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The epidemic curve of a total of 199 confirmed cases was drawn, classifying individuals into passengers with and without close contact and crew members. A backcalculation method was employed to estimate the incidence of infection. The peak time of infection was seen for the time period from 2 to 4 February 2020, and the incidence has abruptly declined afterwards. The estimated number of new infections among passengers without close contact was very small from 5 February on which a movement restriction policy was imposed. Without the intervention from 5 February, it was predicted that the cumulative incidence with and without close contact would have been as large as 1373 (95% CI: 570, 2176) and 766 (95% CI: 587, 946) cases, respectively, while these were kept to be 102 and 47 cases, respectively. Based on an analysis of illness onset data on board, the risk of infection among passengers without close contact was considered to be very limited. Movement restriction greatly reduced the number of infections from 5 February onwards."}, {"pmid": 32204907, "pmcid": "PMC7133222", "title": "The Novel Coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Naicker, Saraladevi", "Yang, Chih-Wei", "Hwang, Shang-Jyh", "Liu, Bi-Cheng", "Chen, Jiang-Hua", "Jha, Vivekanand"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204907", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482915, "title": "Expression of Receptors for SARS-CoV-2 in the Gut of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.", "journal": "Gut Liver", "authors": ["Monteleone, Giovanni", "Franze, Eleonora", "Laudisi, Federica"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482915", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470428, "pmcid": "PMC7250563", "title": "COVID-19 coagulopathy: an evolving story.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["The Lancet Haematology"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470428", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32074261, "title": "Discussing the ABCs of Health Security-Antibiotic Resistance, Biothreats, and Coronavirus.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Desai, Angel N"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32074261", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32124995, "pmcid": "PMC7228355", "title": "Fecal specimen diagnosis 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, JingCheng", "Wang, SaiBin", "Xue, YaDong"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32124995", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence and spread of 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) from Wuhan, China, it has spread globally. We extracted the data on 14 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinhua Municipal Central hospital through 27 January 2020. We found that compared to pharyngeal swab specimens, nucleic acid detection of COVID-19 in fecal specimens was equally accurate. And we found that patients with a positive stool test did not experience gastrointestinal symptoms and had nothing to do with the severity of the lung infection. These results may help to understand the clinical diagnosis and the changes in clinical parameters of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32312158, "title": "Insights on Otolaryngology Residency Training during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Crosby, Dana L", "Sharma, Arun"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312158", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Otolaryngology residency training programs are facing a novel challenge due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The widespread impact and chronicity of this pandemic makes it unique from any crisis faced by our training programs to date. This international medical crisis has the potential to significantly alter the course of training for our current resident cohort. The decrease in clinical opportunities due to the limitations on elective surgical cases and office visits as well as potential resident redeployment could lead to a decline in overall experience as well as key indicator cases. It is important that we closely monitor the impact of this pandemic on resident education and ensure the implementation of alternative learning strategies while maintaining an emphasis on safety and well-being."}, {"pmid": 32299148, "title": "Considerations for Obesity, Vitamin D, and Physical Activity Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Carter, Stephen J", "Baranauskas, Marissa N", "Fly, Alyce D"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the biomedical community races to disentangle the unknowns associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for causing coronavirus disease, the link between diminished immune function and individuals with obesity raises important questions about the possibility for greater viral pathogenicity in this population. Increased adiposity may undermine the pulmonary microenvironment wherein viral pathogenesis and immune cell trafficking could contribute to a maladaptive cycle of local inflammation and secondary injury. A further challenge to those with obesity during the current pandemic may involve vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. In the interest of personal and public health, we caution decision- and policy\u00a0makers alike not to pin all hope on a proverbial \"silver bullet.\" Until further breakthroughs emerge, we should remember that modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity should not be marginalized. Decades of empirical evidence support both as key factors promoting health and wellness."}, {"pmid": 32321655, "pmcid": "PMC7133895", "title": "An anti-oxidative therapy for ameliorating cardiac injuries of critically ill COVID-19-infected patients.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Wang, Jing-Zhang", "Zhang, Rui-Ying", "Bai, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321655", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389756, "pmcid": "PMC7205657", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak and cancer patient management: Viewpoint from radio-oncologists.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Zhen, Hongnan", "Zhang, Fuquan", "Guan, Hui", "Liu, Zhikai", "Shen, Jie", "Hou, Xiaorong", "Lian, Xin", "Hu, Ke"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532950, "title": "Infection prevention and control in blood purification centers during the COVID-19 epidemic: a single institution experience from Zhejiang, China.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Yamei, Yang", "Yanbo, Zhang", "Yuhong, Jin", "Xueyan, Bian"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532950", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "not available."}, {"pmid": 32434597, "title": "Addiction psychiatry and COVID-19: impact on patients and service provision.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Columb, D", "Hussain, R", "O'Gara, C"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434597", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has undoubtedly had a major impact on the provision of physical healthcare in Ireland and worldwide. The mental health impact of this pandemic cannot be underestimated, particularly relating to patients suffering from addiction. Heightened public stress and anxiety levels, increasing isolation and the physical consequences of addiction play a large role in the proliferation and ongoing relapse of substance misuse and behavioural addiction. Service provision is an ongoing challenge not only due to the increasing need for services given the increased mental health burden of COVID-19 but also the restrictions in place in clinical areas to achieve social distancing. The necessary adaptations to service provision provide opportunities for the analysis of current processes used in our addiction unit and the introduction of new processes to our service. The current crisis tests the sustainability of the service to provide the high standard of care required for these patients."}, {"pmid": 32485083, "title": "Intermittent fasting - the new lifestyle?", "journal": "Acta Physiol (Oxf)", "authors": ["Khedkar, Pratik Hemant"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Obesity has become a pandemic that affects all populations of all ages living in countries of all income levels. Attributed to sedentary lifestyle and energy dense diet, obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and even some types of cancer. These comorbidities also affect the immune system adversely and can exacerbate infectious diseases as observed in the most recent case of pandemic COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32526267, "title": "Cholecystectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: current evidence and an understanding of the 'new' critical view of safety: Correspondence.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Kabir, Tousif", "Kam, Juinn Huar", "Chew, Min-Hoe"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526267", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448770, "pmcid": "PMC7241995", "title": "Off-label use of tocilizumab for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Morena, Valentina", "Milazzo, Laura", "Oreni, Letizia", "Bestetti, Giovanna", "Fossali, Tommaso", "Bassoli, Cinzia", "Torre, Alessandro", "Cossu, Maria Vittoria", "Minari, Caterina", "Ballone, Elisabetta", "Perotti, Andrea", "Mileto, Davide", "Niero, Fosca", "Merli, Stefania", "Foschi, Antonella", "Vimercati, Stefania", "Rizzardini, Giuliano", "Sollima, Salvatore", "Bradanini, Lucia", "Galimberti, Laura", "Colombo, Riccardo", "Micheli, Valeria", "Negri, Cristina", "Ridolfo, Anna Lisa", "Meroni, Luca", "Galli, Massimo", "Antinori, Spinello", "Corbellino, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448770", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tocilizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, targets IL-6 receptors blocking downstream pro-inflammatory effects of IL-6. In preliminary reports it was suggested to be beneficial in patients with severe COVID-19. In this open-label prospective study we describe clinical characteristics and outcome of 51 patients hospitalized with confirmed and severe COVID-19 pneumonia treated with tocilizumab intravenously. All patients had elevated IL-6 plasma level (>40 pg/mL) and oxygen saturation <93% in ambient air. Clinical outcomes, oxygen support, laboratory data and adverse events were collected over a follow-up of 30 days. Forty-five patients (88%) were on high-flow oxygen supplementation, six of whom with invasive ventilation. From baseline to day 7 after tocilizumab we observed a dramatic drop of body temperature and CRP value with a significant increase in lymphocyte count (p<0.001). Over a median follow-up time of 34 days from tocilizumab, 34 patients (67%) showed an improvement in their clinical severity class; 31 were discharged; 17 (33%) showed a worsening of their clinical status, of these 14 died (27%). The mortality rate was significantly associated with mechanical ventilation at baseline (83.3% vs 20% of patients on non-invasive oxygen support; p=0.0001). The most frequent side effects were an increase of hepatic enzymes (29%), thrombocytopenia (14%), and serious bacterial and fungal infections (27%). Tocilizumab exerts a rapidly beneficial effect on fever and inflammatory markers, although no significant impact on the clinical outcome can be inferred by our results. Critically ill patients seem to have a high risk of serious infections with this drug."}, {"pmid": 32502313, "title": "Emerging evidence to support not always \"Just saying no\" to SARS-CoV-2 positive donors.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Kates, Olivia S", "Fisher, Cynthia E", "Rakita, Robert M", "Reyes, Jorge D", "Limaye, Ajit P"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502313", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are gratified to see the broad discussion of our manuscript, \"Use of SARS-CoV-2 infected deceased organ donors: Should we always 'just say no?'\" and the companion manuscript by Shah et al., \"Utilization of deceased donors during a pandemic: An argument against using SARS-CoV-2 positive donors.\"1,2 Our viewpoint argues that the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic donors is likely very low. For selected patients with imminently life-threatening organ failure, transplants from deceased donors with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection may offer a favorable risk/benefit balance, although factors beyond transmission risk must also be considered."}, {"pmid": 32251619, "pmcid": "PMC7270877", "title": "Urgent dental care for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Dave, Manas", "Seoudi, Noha", "Coulthard, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490552, "title": "Pitfalls of possible reporting of same patients with COVID-19 in dermatology journals.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Kluger, Nicolas"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490552", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Editor in chief and Deputy Editors of the JAMA recently shared their concern regarding possible reporting of patients in more than one manuscript, while this has not been clearly indicated in the submission [1]. Although the unprecedented context of the COVID-19 outbreak justifies efforts for rapid dissemination of knowledge, such practice may be responsible for inaccurate interpretation and overestimation of published data [1]. Similar concern applies to dermatology. In Spain, the national COVID Piel study have reported 372 patients with skin manifestations related with COVID-19, including 71 patients with pseudo-chilblains, from April 3rd to April 16th [2]."}, {"pmid": 32488957, "title": "Procedures for Flow Cytometry-Based Sorting of Unfixed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infected Cells and Other Infectious Agents.", "journal": "Cytometry A", "authors": ["Reifel, Kristen M", "Swan, Brandon K", "Jellison, Evan R", "Ambrozak, David", "Baijer, Jan", "Nguyen, Richard", "Monard, Simon", "Lyon, Geoffrey", "Fontes, Benjamin", "Perfetto, Stephen P"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488957", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, many laboratories are involved in research supporting SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development and clinical trials. Flow cytometry laboratories will be responsible for a large part of this effort by sorting unfixed antigen-specific lymphocytes. Therefore, it is critical and timely that we have an understanding of risk assessment and established procedures of infectious cell sorting. Here we present procedures covering the biosafety aspects of sorting unfixed SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and other infectious agents of similar risk level. These procedures follow the ISAC Biosafety Committee guidelines and were recently approved by the National Institutes of Health Institutional Biosafety Committee for sorting SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. \u00a9 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry."}, {"pmid": 32521619, "title": "Redox-Modulating Agents in the Treatment of Viral Infections.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Checconi, Paola", "De Angelis, Marta", "Marcocci, Maria Elena", "Fraternale, Alessandra", "Magnani, Mauro", "Palamara, Anna Teresa", "Nencioni, Lucia"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521619", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viruses use cell machinery to replicate their genome and produce viral proteins. For this reason, several intracellular factors, including the redox state, might directly or indirectly affect the progression and outcome of viral infection. In physiological conditions, the redox balance between oxidant and antioxidant species is maintained by enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems, and it finely regulates several cell functions. Different viruses break this equilibrium and induce an oxidative stress that in turn facilitates specific steps of the virus lifecycle and activates an inflammatory response. In this context, many studies highlighted the importance of redox-sensitive pathways as novel cell-based targets for therapies aimed at blocking both viral replication and virus-induced inflammation. In the review, we discuss the most recent findings in this field. In particular, we describe the effects of natural or synthetic redox-modulating molecules in inhibiting DNA or RNA virus replication as well as inflammatory pathways. The importance of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 is also discussed. Most of the data reported here are on influenza virus infection. We believe that this approach could be usefully applied to fight other acute respiratory viral infections characterized by a strong inflammatory response, like COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32414996, "title": "Neurosurgery and Neurology Practices during the Novel COVID-19 Pandemic: A Consensus Statement from India.", "journal": "Neurol India", "authors": ["Gupta, Prakamya", "Muthukumar, N", "Rajshekhar, V", "Tripathi, Manjari", "Thomas, Sanjeev", "Gupta, Sunil Kumar", "Lal, Vivek", "Pal, Pramod", "Abraham, Mathew", "Behari, Sanjay", "Paliwal, Vimal", "Singh, Daljit", "Pandey, Sanjay", "Narasimhan, Lakshmi", "Srinivas, Dwarakanath", "Panda, Samhita", "Kale, S S", "Chandra, P Sarat"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414996", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 infection outbreak has aroused increasing attention and affected thousands of people nationwide. The long incubation period, high infectious rate, varied manifestation, and absence of effective treatment make it difficult to manage the disease transmission. The intended goals are to encourage efficient management of neurological and neurosurgical patients, resource utilization, and protecting the healthcare provider during the COVID-19 epidemic. Herein, we present a consensus statement from various centers in India. In addition to the literature review, recommendations were included from neurologists and neurosurgeons from various centers in India. Every patient presenting for treatment should be treated as a potential asymptomatic infected case. Patients should be categorized based upon the priority as acute (require immediate treatment/surgery within 24 h), sub-acute (requiring treatment within a maximum of 7-10 days), or chronic (requiring treatment within a month). Non-essential elective surgeries and outpatient clinics should be avoided after informing the patient(s). There is a high risk of aerosol dispersion during intubation and certain neurosurgical procedures particularly those involving drills and endoscopes. These procedures should be performed wearing full personal protective equipment. The workflow of the operating rooms should also be modified significantly. Minor modifications in personal and professional lifestyles and routine training to use the PPE will ensure efficient management of resources. These recommendations could be used to mitigate the risks and reduce exposure to other patients, public, and healthcare staff."}, {"pmid": 32349962, "pmcid": "PMC7212818", "title": "Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences From Western China.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Hong, Zhen", "Li, Nian", "Li, Dajiang", "Li, Junhua", "Li, Bing", "Xiong, Weixi", "Lu, Lu", "Li, Weimin", "Zhou, Dong"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349962", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disasters and pandemics pose unique challenges to health care delivery. As health care resources continue to be stretched due to the increasing burden of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, telemedicine, including tele-education, may be an effective way to rationally allocate medical resources. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a multimodal telemedicine network in Sichuan Province in Western China was activated immediately after the first outbreak in January 2020. The network synergizes a newly established 5G service, a smartphone app, and an existing telemedicine system. Telemedicine was demonstrated to be feasible, acceptable, and effective in Western China, and allowed for significant improvements in health care outcomes. The success of telemedicine here may be a useful reference for other parts of the world."}, {"pmid": 32348015, "pmcid": "PMC7267391", "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the United Kingdom: A personality-based perspective on concerns and intention to self-isolate.", "journal": "Br J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Bacon, Alison M", "Corr, Philip J"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348015", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives Public behaviour change is necessary to contain the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19). Based on the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) framework, this study presents an examination of individual differences in some relevant psychological factors. Design Cross-sectional psychometric. Methods UK respondents (N\u00a0=\u00a0202) completed a personality questionnaire (RST-PQ), measures of illness attitudes, concerns about the impact of coronavirus on health services and socio-economic infrastructures, personal safety, and likelihood of voluntary self-isolation. Results Respondents most concerned were older, had negative illness attitudes, and scored higher on reward reactivity (RR), indicating the motivation to take positive approach action despite prevailing worry/anxiety. Personal safety concerns were highest in those with negative illness attitudes and higher fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS, reflecting fear/avoidance) scores. Results suggest people are experiencing psychological conflict: between the urge to stay safe (FFFF-related) and the desire to maintain a normal, pleasurable (RR-related) life. Ways of ameliorating conflict may include maladaptive behaviours (panic buying), reflecting reward-related displacement activity. Intended self-isolation related to FFFS, but also low behavioural inhibition system (related to anxiety) scores. Older people reported themselves less likely to self-isolate. Conclusions Interventions need to consider individual differences in psychological factors in behaviour change, and we discuss relevant literature to inform policy makers and communicators. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) personality systems can influence perception of persuasive health messages. However, there is limited evidence for their direct effects on health concerns and behaviours, and none relating to specific infectious diseases. What does this study add? Reward reactivity (RR) is associated with concern about impact of coronavirus on the NHS and other social infrastructures, indicating the motivation to take positive-approach action despite worry/anxiety. Personal safety concerns are related to fight-flight-freeze system traits (FFFS, reflecting fear/avoidance). Intended self-isolation related to FFFS, but also low behavioural inhibition system (related to anxiety) scores. Older people reported themselves less likely to self-isolate. Results suggest psychological conflict: between the urge to stay safe (FFFF-related) and the desire to maintain a normal, pleasurable life (RR-related). Ways of ameliorating conflict may include maladaptive behaviours (panic buying), reflecting reward-related displacement activity."}, {"pmid": 32434816, "title": "Severe COVID-19 and related hyperferritinaemia: more than an innocent bystander?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Ruscitti, Piero", "Berardicurti, Onorina", "Barile, Antonio", "Cipriani, Paola", "Shoenfeld, Yehuda", "Iagnocco, Annamaria", "Giacomelli, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434816", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397008, "pmcid": "PMC7273017", "title": "The aerosol box for intubation in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: an in-situ simulation crossover study.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Begley, J L", "Lavery, K E", "Nickson, C P", "Brewster, D J"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397008", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to the manufacturing of novel devices to protect clinicians from the risk of transmission, including the aerosol box for use during tracheal intubation. We evaluated the impact of two aerosol boxes (an early-generation box and a latest-generation box) on intubations in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 with an in-situ simulation crossover study. The simulated process complied with the Safe Airway Society coronavirus disease 2019 airway management guidelines. The primary outcome was intubation time; secondary outcomes included first-pass success and breaches to personal protective equipment. All intubations were performed by specialist (consultant) anaesthetists and video recorded. Twelve anaesthetists performed 36 intubations. Intubation time with no aerosol box was significantly shorter than with the early-generation box (median (IQR [range]) 42.9 (32.9-46.9 [30.9-57.6])s vs. 82.1 (45.1-98.3 [30.8-180.0])s p\u00a0=\u00a00.002) and the latest-generation box (52.4 (43.1-70.3 [35.7-169.2])s, p\u00a0=\u00a00.008). No intubations without a box took more than 1\u00a0min, whereas 14 (58%) intubations with a box took over 1\u00a0min and 4 (17%) took over 2\u00a0min (including one failure). Without an aerosol box, all anaesthetists obtained first-pass success. With the early-generation and latest-generation boxes, 9 (75%) and 10 (83%) participants obtained first-pass success, respectively. One breach of personal protective equipment occurred using the early-generation box and seven breaches occurred using the latest-generation box. Aerosol boxes may increase intubation times and therefore expose patients to the risk of hypoxia. They may cause damage to conventional personal protective equipment and therefore place clinicians at risk of infection. Further research is required before these devices can be considered safe for clinical use."}, {"pmid": 32407643, "title": "COVID-19 and the 'Spanish' flu.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Ashton, John"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407643", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334157, "pmcid": "PMC7169890", "title": "Prediction for the spread of COVID-19 in India and effectiveness of preventive measures.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Tomar, Anuradha", "Gupta, Neeraj"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334157", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of COVID-19 in the whole world has put the humanity at risk. The resources of some of the largest economies are stressed out due to the large infectivity and transmissibility of this disease. Due to the growing magnitude of number of cases and its subsequent stress on the administration and health professionals, some prediction methods would be required to predict the number of cases in future. In this paper, we have used data-driven estimation methods like long short-term memory (LSTM) and curve fitting for prediction of the number of COVID-19 cases in India 30\u00a0days ahead and effect of preventive measures like social isolation and lockdown on the spread of COVID-19. The prediction of various parameters (number of positive cases, number of recovered cases, etc.) obtained by the proposed method is accurate within a certain range and will be a beneficial tool for administrators and health officials."}, {"pmid": 32213647, "pmcid": "PMC7146642", "title": "The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Kraemer, Moritz U G", "Yang, Chia-Hung", "Gutierrez, Bernardo", "Wu, Chieh-Hsi", "Klein, Brennan", "Pigott, David M", "du Plessis, Louis", "Faria, Nuno R", "Li, Ruoran", "Hanage, William P", "Brownstein, John S", "Layan, Maylis", "Vespignani, Alessandro", "Tian, Huaiyu", "Dye, Christopher", "Pybus, Oliver G", "Scarpino, Samuel V"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213647", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak expanded rapidly throughout China. Major behavioral, clinical, and state interventions were undertaken to mitigate the epidemic and prevent the persistence of the virus in human populations in China and worldwide. It remains unclear how these unprecedented interventions, including travel restrictions, affected COVID-19 spread in China. We used real-time mobility data from Wuhan and detailed case data including travel history to elucidate the role of case importation in transmission in cities across China and to ascertain the impact of control measures. Early on, the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases in China was explained well by human mobility data. After the implementation of control measures, this correlation dropped and growth rates became negative in most locations, although shifts in the demographics of reported cases were still indicative of local chains of transmission outside of Wuhan. This study shows that the drastic control measures implemented in China substantially mitigated the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32451257, "pmcid": "PMC7211612", "title": "Importance of timely management of patients in reducing fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Peng, Yuzhu", "Xu, Biyun", "Sun, Beicheng", "Han, Guangshu", "Zhou, Yi-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451257", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) characterized with pneumonia, firstly occurred in Wuhan city, China, in December 2019 has so far spread in over 200 countries and territories in the world. One of the important goals in facing outbreaks of COVID-19 is to reduce the case fatality rate. We reported here that the fatality rate of COVID-19 in other provinces of mainland China was 0.82% (121/14,708), significantly lower than 6.62% (4512/68,128) in Hubei province (p<0.0001). The main reason for the lower fatality rate was likely due to the timely management of the patients in other provinces, highlighting the importance of timely management of patients in reducing the fatality rate of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32384183, "pmcid": "PMC7272941", "title": "In-hospital management of persons with haemophilia and COVID-19: practical guidance.", "journal": "Haemophilia", "authors": ["Hermans, Cedric", "Lambert, Catherine", "Sogorb, Amaury", "Wittebole, Xavier", "Belkhir, Leila", "Yombi, Jean Cyr"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384183", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new disease (COVID-19) caused by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that appeared in China at the end of 2019 is currently spreading globally. This emerging virus is mainly responsible for respiratory tract infections and potentially fatal pneumonia, mainly in more frail patients. Persons with haemophilia of variable severity and from all parts of the world will likely be infected and develop COVID-19. We here propose practical guidance for the in-hospital specific management of haemophilia persons with COVID-19 including their possible transfer to intensive care unit. Rapid identification of the haemophilia status, undelayed and regular liaison with the haemophilia team, proper therapy with factor concentrates or alternative treatments appear instrumental to prevent haemophilia-related complications in this setting. Information of patients and their families about COVID-19, psychological support and good appreciation of the impact of haemophilia on therapeutic decisions including end of life directives are also addressed."}, {"pmid": 32520659, "title": "Considerations for the Use of Respiratory Filters in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Surg Infect (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Trujillo, Alexander", "Jaramillo Rincon, Sandra Ximena"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520659", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345851, "pmcid": "PMC7202118", "title": "The emergency department in the COVID-19 era. Who are we missing?", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Giamello, Jacopo Davide", "Abram, Sara", "Bernardi, Sara", "Lauria, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283102, "pmcid": "PMC7151374", "title": "Endoscopy units and the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Multi-Center Experience from Italy.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Repici, Alessandro", "Pace, Fabio", "Gabbiadini, Roberto", "Colombo, Matteo", "Hassan, Cesare", "Dinelli, Marco", "Maselli, Roberta", "Spadaccini, Marco", "Mutignani, Massimiliano", "Gabbrielli, Armando", "Signorelli, Clementina", "Spada, Cristiano", "Leoni, Piera", "Fabbri, Carlo", "Segato, Sergio", "Gaffuri, Nicola", "Mangiavillano, Benedetto", "Radaelli, Franco", "Salerno, Raffaele", "Bargiggia, Stefano", "Maroni, Luca", "Benedetti, Antonio", "Occhipinti, Pietro", "De Grazia, Federico", "Ferraris, Luca", "Cengia, Gianpaolo", "Greco, Salvatore", "Alvisi, Costanza", "Scarcelli, Antonella", "De Luca, Luca", "Cereatti, Fabrizio", "Testoni, Pier Alberto", "Mingotto, Roberto", "Aragona, Giovanni", "Manes, Gianpiero", "Beretta, Paolo", "Amvrosiadis, Georgios", "Cennamo, Vincenzo", "Lella, Fausto", "Missale, Guido", "Lagoussis, Pavlos", "Triossi, Omero", "Giovanardi, Mauro", "De Roberto, Giuseppe", "Cantu, Paolo", "Buscarini, Elisabetta", "Anderloni, Andrea", "Carrara, Silvia", "Fugazza, Alessandro", "Galtieri, Piera Alessia", "Pellegatta, Gaia", "Antonelli, Giulio", "Rosch, Thomas", "Sharma, Prateek"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283102", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398916, "pmcid": "PMC7217071", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak: The early response of a UK orthopaedic department.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Tadros, Baha John", "Black, Jonathon", "Dhinsa, Baljinder Singh"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398916", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528819, "pmcid": "PMC7282420", "title": "Coronavirus Disease-19: Quarantine Framework for Travelers Entering Korea.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528819", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "South Korea is operating a flexible quarantine management system which is based on the results of epidemiological investigations of patients arriving from overseas with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), and closely monitoring COVID-19 outbreaks. South Korea has designated countries with a localized, high prevalence of infection as \"quarantine inspection required areas\" and has reinforced quarantine measures by applying special immigration procedures for people entering South Korea. Furthermore, South Korea also provides information on international travel history of entrants (who are South Korean citizens and foreign nationals) to all medical institutions, through the smart quarantine information system. On March 11th 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. Inevitably, the number of patients from overseas with COVID-19 (based on 10,000 people entering South Korea), increased to 10 cases in the second week of March, 37 cases in the third week, and 67.7 cases in the fourth week. However, after enforcing quarantine strengthening measures, and with a decrease in the number of people entering the country, the number of cases decreased to 52.0 in the first week of April."}, {"pmid": 32392741, "title": "Clotting Factors in COVID-19: Epidemiological Association and Prognostic Values in Different Clinical Presentations in an Italian Cohort.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Di Micco, Pierpaolo", "Russo, Vincenzo", "Carannante, Novella", "Imparato, Michele", "Rodolfi, Stefano", "Cardillo, Giuseppe", "Lodigiani, Corrado"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392741", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel highly pathogenic human coronavirus able to induce severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been recently recognized as the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which has spread rapidly from China to other countries. Little is known about laboratory prognostic markers in COVID-19 patients. The aim of our study was to describe the basic clotting parameters in COVID-19 patients and their prognostic role in different clinical forms of the disease. We enrolled 67 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Emergency Department. A cohort of 67 age- and sex-matched non-COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory illness was used as a control group. For all patients, platelet count (PLT), prothrombin time (PT), activated thromboplastin time (aPTT), C-reactive protein (PCR), fibrinogen, and D-dimer were determined. The COVID-19 population was divided in two groups according to the presence or absence of SARS. The clotting factors values were compared between the groups. At admission, the COVID-19 patients showed statistically significant increased levels of fibrinogen (601.5 (480-747) vs. 455 (352.5-588.5) mg/dL; p = 0.0000064), and a higher percentage of patients had fibrinogen levels >400 mg/dL (86% vs.58%; p = 0.0054) compared to the control group. The levels of fibrinogen were higher in COVID-19 patients with SARS compared to those without SARS (747 (600.0-834.0) vs. 567 (472.5-644.50); p = 0.0003). Fibrinogen seems to increase early in COVID-19 patients and may be used as a risk stratification marker for the early detection of a subgroup of COVID-19 patient at increased risk to develop SARS, who might benefit from a different and thorough clinical surveillance and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32408602, "title": "The Predictive Capacity of Air Travel Patterns During the Global Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Risk, Uncertainty and Randomness.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Christidis, Panayotis", "Christodoulou, Aris"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408602", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Air travel has a decisive role in the spread of infectious diseases at the global level. We present a methodology applied during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic that uses detailed aviation data at the final destination level in order to measure the risk of the disease spreading outside China. The approach proved to be successful in terms of identifying countries with a high risk of infected travellers and as a tool to monitor the evolution of the pandemic in different countries. The high number of undetected or asymptomatic cases of COVID-19, however, limits the capacity of the approach to model the full dynamics. As a result, the risk for countries with a low number of passengers from Hubei province appeared as low. Globalization and international aviation connectivity allow travel times that are much shorter than the incubation period of infectious diseases, a fact that raises the question of how to react in a potential new pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32362391, "pmcid": "PMC7270729", "title": "Dilemma of organ donation in transplantation and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Woolley, Ann E", "Mehra, Mandeep R"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362391", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32288415, "pmcid": "PMC7137853", "title": "Prediction of COVID-19 Outbreak in China and Optimal Return Date for University Students Based on Propagation Dynamics.", "journal": "J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci", "authors": ["Huang, Ganyu", "Pan, Qiaoyi", "Zhao, Shuangying", "Gao, Yucen", "Gao, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288415", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 12 December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease, named COVID-19, began to spread around the world from Wuhan, China. It is useful and urgent to consider the future trend of this outbreak. We establish the 4+1 penta-group model to predict the development of the COVID-19 outbreak. In this model, we use the collected data to calibrate the parameters, and let the recovery rate and mortality change according to the actual situation. Furthermore, we propose the BAT model, which is composed of three parts: simulation of the return rush (Back), analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, to figure out the best return date for university students. We also discuss the impacts of some factors that may occur in the future, such as secondary infection, emergence of effective drugs, and population flow from Korea to China."}, {"pmid": 32405079, "pmcid": "PMC7217800", "title": "Dynamic changes in routine blood parameters of a severe COVID-19 case.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Lu, Guoguang", "Wang, Jing"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405079", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide, and tracking laboratory indexes during the diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 can provide a reference for patients in other countries and regions. We closely tracked the epidemiological history, diagnosis and treatment process, as well as dynamic changes in routine blood indicators, of a severe COVID-19 patient who was hospitalized for 26\u00a0days. Our study found that the patient's condition worsened in the first week after admission, white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelets (PLT) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) decreased. On the 7th day of admission, the levels of these cells decreased to their lowest values, though the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level remained at high values. From 8 to 14\u00a0days of admission, the patient's condition improved, hypoxemia was corrected, and mechanical ventilation was discontinued. The number of WBCs, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and lymphocytes increased gradually, and the erythrocyte parameters stopped declining and stabilized in a certain range; CRP decreased rapidly. On the 20th day of admission, the nucleic acid test was negative, WBC, neutrophil, CRP, NLR and PLR decreased gradually, and monocyte, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts increased. Although RBCs and hemoglobin (Hb) levels continued to decrease, RDW gradually increased, indicating the recovery of hematopoiesis. In addition, it should be noted that monocytes and eosinophils were at extremely low levels within 10\u00a0days after admission; the recovery time of eosinophils was approximately 12\u00a0days after admission, which was earlier than other parameters, which might be of great value in judging the progress of the disease. Dynamic changes in routine blood parameters might be helpful for the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and evaluation of the treatment effect."}, {"pmid": 32297805, "pmcid": "PMC7189409", "title": "Real-time RT-PCR in COVID-19 detection: issues affecting the results.", "journal": "Expert Rev Mol Diagn", "authors": ["Tahamtan, Alireza", "Ardebili, Abdollah"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297805", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388643, "pmcid": "PMC7210798", "title": "Preventing adverse cutaneous reactions from amplified hygiene practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: how dermatologists can help through anticipatory guidance.", "journal": "Arch Dermatol Res", "authors": ["MacGibeny, Margaret A", "Wassef, Cindy"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has swept the globe with more than 2,000,000 confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 184 countries and territories. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), two crucial actions can reduce the risk of person-to-person viral transmission: frequent hand washing and surface decontamination with specific environmental protection agency (EPA)-registered disinfectants. As hygiene recommendations evolve during the COVID-19 pandemic and community members adopt changing practices, dermatologists are likely to see a rise in adverse cutaneous reactions from prolonged irritant exposures and widespread use of antimicrobials. The purposes of this report are to familiarize dermatologists with the hygiene practices recommended for COVID-19 prevention, to highlight adverse cutaneous reactions associated with repeated exposures to detergents and disinfectants, and to discuss strategies which patients can implement during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize skin irritation white still performing hygiene practices effectively."}, {"pmid": 32103304, "pmcid": "PMC7080068", "title": "Old Threat, New Enemy: Is Your Interventional Radiology Service Ready for the Coronavirus Disease 2019?", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Da Zhuang, Kun", "Tan, Bien Soo", "Tan, Ban Hock", "Too, Chow Wei", "Tay, Kiang Hiong"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32103304", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417029, "pmcid": "PMC7177058", "title": "Pre- and post-treatment chest CT changes in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Fu, Bao", "Qian, Kun", "Fu, Xiaoyun"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417029", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373464, "pmcid": "PMC7198420", "title": "Author's reply to \"To the editor - Is it really COVID-19 infection?\"", "journal": "HeartRhythm Case Rep", "authors": ["Chang, David", "Epstein, Laurence M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373464", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293020, "title": "[Palliation in patients with severe COVID-19].", "journal": "Lakartidningen", "authors": ["Ekstrom, Magnus", "Dahlander, Bengt"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293020", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause severe respiratory failure and distressing symptoms including fever, cough, breathlessness and anxiety. Symptomatic (palliative) treatment is of fundamental importance both in conjuncture with life-sustaining interventions and in end of life care. Based on the evidence to date, there are several treatment options to consider for the relief of fever (acetaminophen, NSAID, oral glucocorticoids), cough (morphine), breathlessness (morphine, oxygen, fan), anxiety (benzodiazepines) and pain (NSAID, morphine). Top priorities include precautions to protect staff and people at-risk from infection and planning how to provide adequate treatment for each individual depending on setting, including palliative care."}, {"pmid": 32475880, "title": "Prediction of the severity of Corona Virus Disease 2019 and its adverse clinical outcomes.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Liu, Xiaohui", "Shi, Si", "Xiao, Jinling", "Wang, Hongwei", "Chen, Liyan", "Li, Jianing", "Han, Kaiyu"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475880", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to investigate blood and biochemical laboratory findings in patients with severe Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to develop a joint predictor for predicting the likelihood of severe COVID-19 and its adverse clinical outcomes, to provide more information for treatment. We collected the data of 88 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Then patients were divided into a non-severe group and a critical group (including critically ill cases). Univariate analysis showed that the absolute lymphocyte count, albumin level, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, interleukin-6 (IL-6) level, erythrocyte count, globulin level, blood glucose level, and age were significantly correlated with the severity of COVID-19. The multivariate binary logistic regression model revealed that Age, absolute lymphocyte count, and IL-6 level were independent risk factors in patients with COVID-19. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the combination of IL-6 level, absolute lymphocyte count and age is superior to a single factor as predictors for predicting severe COVID-19, regardless of whether it is the area under curve (AUC) or the prediction sensitivity and specificity. Early application is beneficial to early identification of critically ill patients and timing individual treatments to reduce mortality."}, {"pmid": 32350235, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Information for Cardiologists- Systematic Literature Review and Additional Analysis.", "journal": "Circ J", "authors": ["Sugimoto, Tadafumi", "Mizuno, Atsushi", "Kishi, Takuya", "Ito, Naoya", "Matsumoto, Chisa", "Fukuda, Memori", "Kagiyama, Nobuyuki", "Shibata, Tatsuhiro", "Ohmori, Takashi", "Oishi, Shogo", "Fuse, Jun", "Kida, Keisuke", "Kawai, Fujimi", "Ishida, Mari", "Sanada, Shoji", "Komuro, Issei", "Node, Koichi"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350235", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the rapidly increasing attention being given to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, more commonly known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the relationship between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 has not been fully described.Methods\u2004and\u2004Results:A systematic review was undertaken to summarize the important aspects of COVID-19 for cardiologists. Protection both for patients and healthcare providers, indication for treatments, collaboration with other departments and hospitals, and regular update of information are essentials to front COVID-19 patients. Because the chief manifestations of COVID-19 infection are respiratory and acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiologists do not see infected patients directly. Cardiologists need to be better prepared regarding standard disinfection procedures, and be aware of the indications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and its use in the critical care setting."}, {"pmid": 32510050, "pmcid": "PMC7196553", "title": "Dental autopsy recommendations in SARS-CoV-2 infected cases.", "journal": "Forensic Sci Int", "authors": ["Nuzzolese, Emilio", "Pandey, Hemlata", "Lupariello, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510050", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Unidentified human remains with unknown medical history can always pose biological hazards to forensic pathologists and odontologists, including hepatitis C, HIV infection, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), hemorrhagic fever viruses such as Ebola, meningitis and now Sars-Cov2. The pandemic of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has reached 185 Countries with an increasing number of deaths. Forensic pathologists and odontologists may find themselves having to perform an identification autopsy to confirmed or suspected Sars-Cov2 positive deaths. By respecting the entire set of universal precautions and recommendations the highlighted risks can be minimized, and best practice in human identification should always be a priority for human rights of the dead. The following article is a summary of the recommendations for conducting dental autopsies and management of suspected COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32246149, "pmcid": "PMC7184503", "title": "New measures for COVID-19 response: a lesson from the Wenzhou experience.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ruan, Linhui", "Wen, Min", "Zeng, Qingrun", "Chen, Chengshui", "Huang, Shengwei", "Yang, Su", "Yang, Jianjing", "Wang, Jingqiang", "Hu, Yuhuan", "Ding, Saidan", "Zhang, Ying", "Zhang, Hongxia", "Feng, Yuanjing", "Jin, Kunlin", "ZhuGe, Qichuan"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246149", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the outbreak of COVID-19 has spread globally, determining how to prevent the spread is of paramount importance. We reported the effectiveness of different responses of four affected cities in preventing the COVID-19 spread. We expect Wenzhou anti-COVID-19 measures may provide experience for cities around the world that are experiencing this epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32360622, "title": "Comment on Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment for COVID-19.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Herrera, Emilio A", "Gonzalez-Candia, Alejandro"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360622", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434207, "title": "Urology in the Time of Coronavirus: Reduced Access to Urgent and Emergent Urological Care during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "Urol Int", "authors": ["Porreca, Angelo", "Colicchia, Michele", "D'Agostino, Daniele", "Amenta, Michele", "Corsaro, Alfio", "Zaramella, Stefano", "Zegna, Luisa", "Gallo, Fabrizio", "Schenone, Maurizio", "Bozzini, Giorgio", "Calori, Alberto", "Pastore, Antonio L", "Al Salhi, Yazan", "Sciorio, Carmine", "Spirito, Lorenzo", "Varca, Virginia", "Marenghi, Carlo", "Greco, Francesco", "Altieri, Vincenzo M", "Verze, Paolo", "Barba, Ciro", "Antonelli, Alessandro", "Cerruto, Maria A", "Falabella, Roberto", "Di Bello, Silvana", "Leonardo, Costantino", "Tufano, Antonio", "Volpe, Alessandro", "Umari, Paolo", "Parma, Paolo", "Nidini, Mattia", "Pini, Giovannalberto", "Borghesi, Marco", "Terrone, Carlo", "Cacciamani, Giovanni E", "Sighinolfi, Maria C", "Busetto, Gian Maria", "Wennberg, Alexandra M", "Finocchiaro, Marinella", "Falsaperla, Mario", "Oderda, Marco", "Ceruti, Carlo", "Rocco, Bernardo", "Schiavina, Riccardo", "Bianchi, Lorenzo", "Mari, Andrea", "Di Maida, Fabrizio", "Dalpiaz, Orietta", "Celia, Antonio", "Pirozzi, Marco", "Bove, Pierluigi", "Iacovelli, Valerio", "Cafarelli, Angelo", "Cindolo, Luca", "Ferrari, Giovanni", "Gatti, Lorenzo", "Pirola, Giacomo", "Annino, Filippo", "Pucci, Luigi", "Romagnoli, Daniele", "Artibani, Walter", "Minervini, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434207", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put a substantial burden on the Italian healthcare system, resulting in the restructuring of hospitals to care for COVID-19 patients. However, this has likely impacted access to care for patients experiencing other conditions. We aimed to quantify the impact of COVID-19 on access to care for patients with urgent/emergent urological conditions throughout Italy. A questionnaire was sent to 33 urological units in the AGILE consortium, asking clinicians to report on the number of urgent/emergent urological patients seen and/or undergoing surgery over a 3-week period during the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak and a reference week prior to the outbreak. ANOVA and linear regression models were used to quantify these changes. Data from 27 urological centres in Italy showed a decrease from 956 patients/week seen just prior to the outbreak to 291 patients/week seen by the end of the study period. There was a difference in the number of patients with urgent/emergent urological disease seen within/during the different weeks (all p values < 0.05). A significant decrease in the number of patients presenting with haematuria, urinary retention, urinary tract infection, scrotal pain, renal colic, or trauma and urgent/emergent cases that required surgery was reported (all p values < 0.05). In Italy, during the COVID-19 outbreak there has been a decrease in patients seeking help for urgent/emergent urological conditions. Restructuring of hospitals and clinics is mandatory to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the healthcare system should continue to provide adequate levels of care also to patients with other conditions."}, {"pmid": 32445664, "pmcid": "PMC7239020", "title": "COVID-19 as a cause of immune thrombocytopenia.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Humbert, S", "Razanamahery, J", "Payet-Revest, C", "Bouiller, K", "Chirouze, C"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445664", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444504, "pmcid": "PMC7253225", "title": "Challenges in the management of older patients with acute coronary syndromes in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Rowland, Ben", "Kunadian, Vijay"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444504", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ischaemic heart disease (IHD), in particular acute coronary syndrome (ACS), comprising ST-elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is the leading cause of death worldwide. Age is a major predictor of adverse outcome following ACS. COVID-19 infection seems to escalate the risk in older patients with heart disease. Increasing odds of in-hospital death is associated with older age following COVID-19 infection. Importantly, it seems older patients with comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular IHD, diabetes and hypertension, are at the highest risk of mortality following COVID-19 infection. The evidence is sparse on the optimal care of older patients with ACS with lack of robust randomised controlled trials. In this setting, with the serious threat imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of rapidly evolving knowledge with much unknown, it is important to weigh the risks and benefits of treatment strategies offered to older patients. In cases where risks outweigh the benefits, it might not be an unreasonable option to treat such patients with a conservative or a palliative approach. Further evidence to elucidate whether invasive management is beneficial in older patients with ACS is required out-with the COVID-19 pandemic. Though it is hoped that the actual acute phase of COVID-19 infection will be short lived, it is vital that important clinical research is continued, given the long-term benefits of ongoing clinical research for patients with long-term conditions, including CVD. This review aimed to evaluate the challenges and the management strategies in the care of older patients presenting with ACS in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32191587, "pmcid": "PMC7233482", "title": "Temporal Changes of CT Findings in 90 Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Longitudinal Study.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Wang, Yuhui", "Dong, Chengjun", "Hu, Yue", "Li, Chungao", "Ren, Qianqian", "Zhang, Xin", "Shi, Heshui", "Zhou, Min"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191587", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background CT may play a central role in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 pneumonia. Purpose To perform a longitudinal study to analyze the serial CT findings over time in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Materials and Methods During January 16 to February 17, 2020, 90 patients (male:female, 33:57; mean age, 45 years) with COVID-19 pneumonia were prospectively enrolled and followed up until they were discharged or died, or until the end of the study. A total of 366 CT scans were acquired and reviewed by 2 groups of radiologists for the patterns and distribution of lung abnormalities, total CT scores and number of zones involved. Those features were analyzed for temporal change. Results CT scores and number of zones involved progressed rapidly, peaked during illness days 6-11 (median: 5 and 5), and followed by persistence of high levels. The predominant pattern of abnormalities after symptom onset was ground-glass opacity (35/78 [45%] to 49/79 [62%] in different periods). The percentage of mixed pattern peaked (30/78 [38%]) on illness days 12-17, and became the second most predominant pattern thereafter. Pure ground-glass opacity was the most prevalent sub-type of ground-glass opacity after symptom onset (20/50 [40%] to 20/28 [71%]). The percentage of ground-glass opacity with irregular linear opacity peaked on illness days 6-11 (14/50 [28%)]) and became the second most prevalent subtype thereafter. The distribution of lesions was predominantly bilateral and subpleural. 66/70 (94%) patients discharged had residual disease on final CT scans (median CT scores and zones involved: 4 and 4), with ground-glass opacity (42/70 [60%]) and pure ground-glass opacity (31/42 [74%]) the most common pattern and subtype. Conclusion The extent of lung abnormalities on CT peaked during illness days 6-11. The temporal changes of the diverse CT manifestations followed a specific pattern, which might indicate the progression and recovery of the illness."}, {"pmid": 32398884, "pmcid": "PMC7213770", "title": "Materials Science in the time of Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Mater Sci", "authors": ["Seddon, Annela M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398884", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273490, "pmcid": "PMC7240240", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children - What We Know So Far and What We Do Not.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Balasubramanian, S", "Rao, Neha Mohan", "Goenka, Anu", "Roderick, Marion", "Ramanan, Athimalaipet V"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273490", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pediatric coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection is relatively mild when compared to adults, and children are reported to have a better prognosis. Mortality in children appears rare. Clinical features of COVID-19 in children include fever and cough, but a large proportion of infected children appears to be asymptomatic and may contribute to transmission. It remains unclear why children and young adults are less severely affected than older individuals, but this might involve differences in immune system function in the elderly and/or differences in the expression/function of the cellular receptor for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)- Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Laboratory findings and chest imaging may not be specific in children with COVID-19. Diagnosis is by Reverse transcriptase-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing of upper or lower respiratory tract secretions. This review additionally considers COVID-19 in immunosuppressed children, and also suggests a management algorithm for the few children who appear to present with life threatening infection, including the potential use of antiviral and immunomodulatory treatment. The most significant threat to global child health from SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to be related to COVID 19 in children, but rather the socio-economic consequences of a prolonged pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32225176, "title": "Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Lan, Jun", "Ge, Jiwan", "Yu, Jinfang", "Shan, Sisi", "Zhou, Huan", "Fan, Shilong", "Zhang, Qi", "Shi, Xuanling", "Wang, Qisheng", "Zhang, Linqi", "Wang, Xinquan"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225176", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new and highly pathogenic coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2,\u00a0SARS-CoV-2) caused an outbreak in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China, starting from December 2019 that quickly spread nationwide and to other countries around the world1-3. Here, to better understand the initial step of infection at an atomic level, we determined the crystal structure of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 bound to the cell receptor ACE2. The overall ACE2-binding mode of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD is nearly identical to that of the SARS-CoV RBD, which also uses ACE2 as the cell receptor4. Structural analysis identified residues in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD that are essential for ACE2 binding, the majority of which either are highly conserved or share similar side chain properties with those in the SARS-CoV RBD. Such similarity in structure and sequence strongly indicate convergent evolution between the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV RBDs for improved binding to ACE2, although SARS-CoV-2 does not cluster within SARS and SARS-related coronaviruses1-3,5. The epitopes of two SARS-CoV antibodies that target the RBD are also analysed for binding to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, providing insights into the future identification of cross-reactive antibodies."}, {"pmid": 32359424, "pmcid": "PMC7192124", "title": "Genomic Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Guangdong Province, China.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Lu, Jing", "du Plessis, Louis", "Liu, Zhe", "Hill, Verity", "Kang, Min", "Lin, Huifang", "Sun, Jiufeng", "Francois, Sarah", "Kraemer, Moritz U G", "Faria, Nuno R", "McCrone, John T", "Peng, Jinju", "Xiong, Qianling", "Yuan, Runyu", "Zeng, Lilian", "Zhou, Pingping", "Liang, Chumin", "Yi, Lina", "Liu, Jun", "Xiao, Jianpeng", "Hu, Jianxiong", "Liu, Tao", "Ma, Wenjun", "Li, Wei", "Su, Juan", "Zheng, Huanying", "Peng, Bo", "Fang, Shisong", "Su, Wenzhe", "Li, Kuibiao", "Sun, Ruilin", "Bai, Ru", "Tang, Xi", "Liang, Minfeng", "Quick, Josh", "Song, Tie", "Rambaut, Andrew", "Loman, Nick", "Raghwani, Jayna", "Pybus, Oliver G", "Ke, Changwen"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359424", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and was first reported in central China in December 2019. Extensive molecular surveillance in Guangdong, China's most populous province, during early 2020 resulted in 1,388 reported RNA-positive cases from 1.6 million tests. In order to understand the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in China, we generated 53 genomes from infected individuals in Guangdong using a combination of metagenomic sequencing and tiling amplicon approaches. Combined epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses indicate multiple independent introductions to Guangdong, although phylogenetic clustering is uncertain because of low virus genetic variation early in the pandemic. Our results illustrate how the timing, size, and duration of putative local transmission chains were constrained by national travel restrictions and by the province's large-scale intensive surveillance and intervention measures. Despite these successes, COVID-19 surveillance in Guangdong is still required, because the number of cases imported from other countries has increased."}, {"pmid": 32439732, "title": "Are stethoscopes risky in COVID-19?", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Lau, Yuk-Fai", "Wei, William", "Lau, Chu-Pak"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439732", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334083, "pmcid": "PMC7194582", "title": "Current Knowledge and Research Priorities in the Digestive Manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Aroniadis, Olga C", "DiMaio, Christopher J", "Dixon, Rebekah E", "Elmunzer, B Joseph", "Kolb, Jennifer M", "Mendelsohn, Robin", "Ordiah, Collins O", "Rockey, Don C", "Singal, Amit G", "Spitzer, Rebecca L", "Tierney, William M", "Wani, Sachin", "Yadav, Dhiraj"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32109274, "pmcid": "PMC7107544", "title": "Saudi Arabia's drastic measures to curb the COVID-19 outbreak: temporary suspension of the Umrah pilgrimage.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Ebrahim, Shahul H", "Memish, Ziad A"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32109274", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487724, "title": "Lockdown: more domestic accidents than COVID-19 in children.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Bressan, Silvia", "Gallo, Elisa", "Tirelli, Francesca", "Gregori, Dario", "Da Dalt, Liviana"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487724", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238235, "title": "[From Tuberculosis to COVID-19: Legal and Constitutional Framework Regarding Compulsory Isolation/Treatment due to Contagious Diseases in Portugal].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Peixoto, Vasco Ricoca", "Mexia, Ricardo", "Santos, Nina Sousa", "Carvalho, Carlos", "Abrantes, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238235", "countries": ["Portugal"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450492, "pmcid": "PMC7235587", "title": "Mental health and COVID-19 in Nepal: A case of a satellite clinic.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Sharma, Pawan", "Joshi, Devavrat", "Shrestha, Kenison"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450492", "countries": ["Nepal"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525844, "title": "Early safety indicators of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 5,000 patients.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Joyner, Michael J", "Wright, R Scott", "Fairweather, DeLisa", "Senefeld, Jonathon W", "Bruno, Katelyn A", "Klassen, Stephen A", "Carter, Rickey E", "Klompas, Allan M", "Wiggins, Chad C", "Shepherd, John Ra", "Rea, Robert F", "Whelan, Emily R", "Clayburn, Andrew J", "Spiegel, Matthew R", "Johnson, Patrick W", "Lesser, Elizabeth R", "Baker, Sarah E", "Larson, Kathryn F", "Ripoll, Juan G", "Andersen, Kylie J", "Hodge, David O", "Kunze, Katie L", "Buras, Matthew R", "Vogt, Matthew Np", "Herasevich, Vitaly", "Dennis, Joshua J", "Regimbal, Riley J", "Bauer, Philippe R", "Blair, Janis E", "van Buskirk, Camille M", "Winters, Jeffrey L", "Stubbs, James R", "Paneth, Nigel S", "Verdun, Nicole C", "Marks, Peter", "Casadevall, Arturo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525844", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Convalescent plasma is the only antibody based therapy currently available for COVID 19 patients. It has robust historical precedence and sound biological plausibility. Although promising, convalescent plasma has not yet been shown to be safe as a treatment for COVID-19. Thus, we analyzed key safety metrics after transfusion of ABO compatible human COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 5,000 hospitalized adults with severe or life threatening COVID-19, with 66% in the intensive care unit, as part of the US FDA Expanded Access Program for COVID-19 convalescent plasma. The incidence of all serious adverse events (SAEs) in the first four hours after transfusion was <1%, including mortality rate (0.3%). Of the 36 reported SAEs, there were 25 reported incidences of related SAEs, including mortality (n = 4), transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO; n = 7), transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI; n = 11), and severe allergic transfusion reactions (n = 3). However, only 2 (of 36) SAEs were judged as definitely related to the convalescent plasma transfusion by the treating physician. The seven-day mortality rate was 14.9%. Given the deadly nature of COVID 19 and the large population of critically-ill patients included in these analyses, the mortality rate does not appear excessive. These early indicators suggest that transfusion of convalescent plasma is safe in hospitalized patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32463084, "title": "Letter: Using Continuous Intracranial Electroencephalography Monitoring to Manage Epilepsy Patients During COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Mirro, Emily A", "Halpern, Casey H"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517353, "title": "Silibinin and SARS-CoV-2: Dual Targeting of Host Cytokine Storm and Virus Replication Machinery for Clinical Management of COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Bosch-Barrera, Joaquim", "Martin-Castillo, Begona", "Buxo, Maria", "Brunet, Joan", "Encinar, Jose Antonio", "Menendez, Javier A"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517353", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the illness caused by infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is a rapidly spreading global pandemic in urgent need of effective treatments. Here we present a comprehensive examination of the host- and virus-targeted functions of the flavonolignan silibinin, a potential drug candidate against COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2. As a direct inhibitor of STAT3-a master checkpoint regulator of inflammatory cytokine signaling and immune response-silibinin might be expected to phenotypically integrate the mechanisms of action of IL-6-targeted monoclonal antibodies and pan-JAK1/2 inhibitors to limit the cytokine storm and T-cell lymphopenia in the clinical setting of severe COVID-19. As a computationally predicted, remdesivir-like inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)-the central component of the replication/transcription machinery of SARS-CoV-2-silibinin is expected to reduce viral load and impede delayed interferon responses. The dual ability of silibinin to target both the host cytokine storm and the virus replication machinery provides a strong rationale for the clinical testing of silibinin against the COVID-19 global public health emergency. A randomized, open-label, phase II multicentric clinical trial (SIL-COVID19) will evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of silibinin in the prevention of acute respiratory distress syndrome in moderate-to-severe COVID-19-positive onco-hematological patients at the Catalan Institute of Oncology in Catalonia, Spain."}, {"pmid": 32396985, "title": "Risk of COVID-19 in young kidney transplant recipients. Results from a single-center observational study.", "journal": "Clin Transplant", "authors": ["Angeletti, Andrea", "Trivelli, Antonella", "Magnasco, Alberto", "Drovandi, Stefania", "Sanguineri, Francesca", "Santaniello, Maria", "Ferrando, Giulia", "Forno, Roberto", "Cipresso, Gaia", "Tripodi, Gino", "Riella, Leonardo V", "Cravedi, Paolo", "Ghiggeri, Gian Marco"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396985", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global public health emergency, recently taken on pandemic proportions, with over 2.7 million confirmed cases worldwide(1). Children/young adults seem to have a less severe clinical manifestation of COVID-19 (2), but data on disease susceptibility in pediatric transplant recipients on chronic immunosuppressive therapy are limited (3, 4). This poses major uncertainties regarding pediatric transplant activity and management of anti-rejection therapy."}, {"pmid": 32479162, "title": "Respiratory Mechanics of COVID-19 vs. Non-COVID-19 Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Haudebourg, Anne-Fleur", "Perier, Francois", "Tuffet, Samuel", "de Prost, Nicolas", "Razazi, Keyvan", "Mekontso Dessap, Armand", "Carteaux, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479162", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371151, "pmcid": "PMC7252022", "title": "COVID 19 and training in the UK- Correspondence.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Tait, S", "McLean, R", "Gopinath, B"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371151", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32133825, "title": "[Characteristics, causes, diagnosis and treatment of coagulation dysfunction in patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Mei, H", "Hu, Y"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133825", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491098, "pmcid": "PMC7269533", "title": "Surveillance of the first cases of COVID-19 in Sergipe using a prospective spatiotemporal analysis: the spatial dispersion and its public health implications.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Andrade, Lucas Almeida", "Gomes, Dharliton Soares", "Goes, Marco Aurelio de Oliveira", "Souza, Mercia Simone Feitosa de", "Teixeira, Daniela Cabral Pizzi", "Ribeiro, Caique Jordan Nunes", "Alves, Jose Antonio Barreto", "Araujo, Karina Conceicao Gomes Machado de", "Santos, Allan Dantas Dos"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491098", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health emergency with lethality ranging from 1% to 5%. This study aimed to identify active high-risk transmission clusters of COVID-19 in Sergipe. We performed a prospective space-time analysis using confirmed cases of COVID-19 during the first 7 weeks of the outbreak in Sergipe. The prospective space-time statistic detected \"active\" and emerging spatio-temporal clusters comprising six municipalities in the south-central region of the state. The Geographic Information System (GIS) associated with spatio-temporal scan statistics can provide timely support for surveillance and assist in decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32418885, "pmcid": "PMC7207125", "title": "Commentary: Could iron chelators prove to be useful as an adjunct to COVID-19 Treatment Regimens?", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Dalamaga, Maria", "Karampela, Irene", "Mantzoros, Christos S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418885", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant threat to global health. Currently, no specific prophylactic and therapeutic treatment is available. No evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that a treatment may ameliorate the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 exists with the only exception of preliminary evidence from remdesivir trials. Here, we present evidence from the literature and a compelling hypothesis on the potential immunomodulatory, iron chelating and anti-oxidant effects of iron chelators in the treatment of COVID-19 and its complications. Interestingly, iron chelation has been shown in vitro to suppress endothelial inflammation in viral infection, which is the main pathophysiologic mechanism behind systemic organ involvement induced by SARS-CoV-2, by inhibiting IL-6 synthesis through decreasing NF-kB. Iron chelators exhibit iron chelating, antiviral and immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo, particularly against RNA viruses. These agents could attenuate ARDS and help control SARS-CoV-2 via multiple mechanisms including: 1) inhibition of viral replication; 2) decrease of iron availability; 3) upregulation of B cells; 4) improvement of the neutralizing anti-viral antibody titer; 5) inhibition of endothelial inflammation and 6) prevention of pulmonary fibrosis and lung decline via reduction of pulmonary iron accumulation. Both retrospective analyses of data in electronic health records, as well as proof of concept studies in humans and large RCTs are needed to fully elucidate the efficacy and safety of iron chelating agents in the therapeutic armamentarium of COVID-19, probably as an adjunctive treatment."}, {"pmid": 32525695, "title": "Speech-Language Pathology Guidance for Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Multidisciplinary Perspective.", "journal": "Am J Speech Lang Pathol", "authors": ["Zaga, Charissa J", "Pandian, Vinciya", "Brodsky, Martin B", "Wallace, Sarah", "Cameron, Tanis S", "Chao, Caroline", "Orloff, Lisa Ann", "Atkins, Naomi E", "McGrath, Brendan A", "Lazarus, Cathy L", "Vogel, Adam P", "Brenner, Michael J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525695", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose As the COVID-19 pandemic has unfolded, there has been growing recognition of risks to frontline health care workers. When caring for patients with tracheostomy, speech-language pathologists have significant exposure to mucosal surfaces, secretions, and aerosols that may harbor the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This tutorial provides guidance on practices for safely performing patient evaluation and procedures, thereby reducing risk of infection. Method Data were collated through review of literature, guidelines, and consensus statements relating to COVID-19 and similar high-consequent infections, with a focus on mitigating risk of transmission to health care workers. Particular emphasis was placed on speech-language pathologists, nurses, and other allied health professionals. A multinational interdisciplinary team then analyzed findings, arriving at recommendations through consensus via electronic communications and video conference. Results Reports of transmission of infection to health care workers in the current COVID-19 pandemic and previous outbreaks substantiate the need for safe practices. Many procedures routinely performed by speech-language pathologists have a significant risk of infection due to aerosol generation. COVID-19 testing can inform level of protective equipment, and meticulous hygiene can stem spread of nosocomial infection. Modifications to standard clinical practice in tracheostomy are often required. Personal protective equipment, including either powered air-purifying respirator or N95 mask, gloves, goggles, and gown, are needed when performing aerosol-generating procedures in patients with known or suspected COVID-19 infection. Conclusions Speech-language pathologists are often called on to assist in the care of patients with tracheostomy and known or suspected COVID-19 infection. Appropriate care of these patients is predicated on maintaining the health and safety of the health care team. Careful adherence to best practices can significantly reduce risk of infectious transmission."}, {"pmid": 32513989, "title": "The inhibition of IL-2/IL-2R gives rise to CD8(+) T cell and lymphocyte decrease through JAK1-STAT5 in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Cell Death Dis", "authors": ["Shi, Hongbo", "Wang, Wenjing", "Yin, Jiming", "Ouyang, Yabo", "Pang, Lijun", "Feng, Yingmei", "Qiao, Luxin", "Guo, Xianghua", "Shi, Honglin", "Jin, Ronghua", "Chen, Dexi"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513989", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although most patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have a good prognosis, some patients develop to severe or critical illness, and the mortality of critical cases is up to 61.5%. However, specific molecular information about immune response in critical patients with COVID-19 is poorly understood. A total of 54 patients were enrolled and divided into three groups, among which 34 were common, 14 were severe, and 6 were critical. The constitution of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients was analyzed by CyTOF. The profile of cytokines was examined in plasma of patients using luminex. The IL-2 signaling pathway was investigated in the PBMC of patients by qRT-PCR. The count and percentage of lymphocytes were significantly decreased in critical patients compared to common and severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The count of T cells, B cells, and NK cells was remarkably decreased in critical patients compared to normal controls. The percentage of CD8+ T cells was significantly lower in critical patients than that in common and severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The expression of IL-2R, JAK1, and STAT5 decreased in PBMC of common, severe, and critical patients, but IL-2 level was elevated in severe patients and decreased in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The decrease of CD8+ T cells in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia may be related to the IL-2 signaling pathway. The inhibition of IL-2/IL-2R gives rise to CD8+ T cell and lymphocyte decrease through JAK1-STAT5 in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32442522, "pmcid": "PMC7237192", "title": "Tale of three seeding patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in Saudi Arabia.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Memish, Ziad A", "Aljerian, Nawfal", "Ebrahim, Shahul H"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442522", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415893, "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19): Patient experience-Administrative services on the frontline during crisis.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Overton, Judy", "Denton, Kathy", "Frumovitz, Michael", "Lewis, Carol", "Christensen, Sarah", "Bezerra, Jaymesson", "Hernandez, Chris", "Walker, Michele S", "Finder, Janice P", "Proske, Ashlyn A", "Jain, Sanchita", "Whipple, Julai", "Martinez, Wendi L", "Eska, Jarrod S", "Sutherland, Elizabeth W", "Triche, Lisa L", "Garcia, Elizabeth A", "Weber, Randal"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415893", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on care delivery among health care institutions and providers in the United States. As a categorical cancer center, MD Anderson has prioritized care for our patients based on acuity of their disease. We continue to implement measures to protect patients and employees from acquiring the infection within our facilities, and to provide acute management of cancer patients with concomitant COVID-19 infections who are considered at high risk of death. The Division of Patient Experience, formerly established in October 2016, has played an integral role in the institution's pandemic response from its inception. The team actively supported programs and processes in anticipation of the pandemic's effect on our patients and employees. We will describe how the team continues to serve in the ever-dynamic environment as we approach the expected surge in COVID-19 cases among our patient population, our employees, and in our community."}, {"pmid": 32501801, "title": "Internet Use, Risk Awareness, and Demographic Characteristics Associated with Engagement in Preventive Behaviors and Testing: A Cross-sectional Survey on COVID-19 in the U.S.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Li, Siyue", "Feng, Bo", "Liao, Wang", "Pan, Wenjing"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501801", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, engagement in preventive behaviors and getting tested for the virus play a crucial role in protecting people from contracting the new coronavirus. This study aims to examine how Internet use, risk awareness, and demographic characteristics are associated with engagement in preventative behaviors and testing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on Amazon Mechanical Turk from April 10, 2020 to April 14, 2020. Participants' Internet use (in terms of the extent of receiving information pertaining to COVID-19), risk awareness (whether any immediate family members, close friends or relatives, or people in local communities tested positive for COVID-19), demographics (sex, age, ethnicity, income, education level, marital status, employment status), as well as their engagement in preventative behaviors and testing were assessed. Our data included 979 valid responses from the U.S. Participants who received more COVID-19-related health information online reported more frequent effort to engage in all types of preventive behaviors: wearing a facemask in public (odds ratio [OR] 1.55, 95% CI 1.34-1.79\uff0cP < .001), washing hands (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.35-1.85, P < .001), covering nose and mouth when sneezing and coughing (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.52-2.10, P < .001), keeping social distance with others (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.21-1.65, P < .001), staying home (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.20-1.62, P < .001), avoiding using public transportation (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.32-1.88, P < .001), and cleaning frequently used surfaces (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.34-1.79, P < .001). Compared with participants who did not have positive cases in their social circles, those who had immediate family members (OR 1.48, 95% CI 8.28-2.64, P < .001), or close friends and relatives (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.58, 4.03, P < .001) who tested positive were more likely to get tested. Participants' sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, and employment status were also associated with preventive behaviors and testing. Our findings revealed that the extent of receiving COVID-19-related information online, risk awareness, and demographic characteristics including sex, ethnicity, age, marital status, and employment status are key factors associated with U.S. residents' engagement in various preventive behaviors and testing for COVID-19. "}, {"pmid": 32053437, "title": "Infections without borders: a new coronavirus in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Wood, Cate"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32053437", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293225, "pmcid": "PMC7233391", "title": "The Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Radiology Practices.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Cavallo, Joseph J", "Forman, Howard P"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293225", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic will have a profound impact on Radiology practices across the country. Policy measures adopted to slow the transmission of disease are decreasing the demand for imaging independent of COVID-19. Hospital preparations to expand crisis capacity are further diminishing the amount of appropriate medical imaging that can be safely performed. While economic recessions generally tend to result in decreased health care expenditures, radiology groups have never experienced an economic shock that is simultaneously exacerbated by the need to restrict the availability of imaging. Outpatient heavy practices will feel the biggest impact of these changes, but all imaging volumes will decrease. Anecdotal experience suggests that radiology practices should anticipate 50%-70% decreases in imaging volume that will last a minimum of 3-4 months, depending on the location of practice and the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic in each region. The CARES Act provides multiple means of direct and indirect aid to healthcare providers and small businesses. The final allocation of this funding is not yet clear, and it is likely that additional congressional action will be necessary to stabilize health care markets. Administrators and practice leaders need to be proactive with practice modifications and financial maneuvers that can position them to emerge from this pandemic in the most viable economic position. It is possible that this crisis will have lasting effects on the structure of the radiology field."}, {"pmid": 32474131, "title": "Reply.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Nyenhuis, Sharmilee M", "Greiwe, Justin", "Zeiger, Joanna S", "Nanda, Anil", "Cooke, Andrew"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474131", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418460, "title": "Cardiac Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perioperative Considerations and Triage Recommendations.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Patel, Vivek", "Jimenez, Ernesto", "Cornwell, Lorraine", "Tran, Trung", "Paniagua, David", "Denktas, Ali E", "Chou, Andrew", "Hankins, Samuel J", "Bozkurt, Biykem", "Rosengart, Todd K", "Jneid, Hani"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) represents the third human affliction attributed to the highly pathogenic coronavirus in the current century. Due to its highly contagious nature and unprecedented global spread, its aggressive clinical presentation and the lack of effective treatment, SARS-CoV-2 infection is causing the losses of thousands of lives and imparting unparalleled strains on healthcare systems around the world. In the current report, we discuss perioperative considerations for patients undergoing cardiac surgery and provide clinicians with recommendations to effectively triage and plan these procedures during the COVID-19 outbreak. This will help reduce the risk of exposure to patients and healthcare workers and allocate resources appropriately to those in greatest need. We include an algorithm for preoperative testing for COVID-19, personal protective equipment (PPE) recommendations, and a classification system to categorize and prioritize common cardiac surgery procedures."}, {"pmid": 32300516, "pmcid": "PMC7160052", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Biologic Therapy in Psoriasis: Infection Risk and Patient Counseling in Uncertain Times.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)", "authors": ["Brownstone, Nicholas D", "Thibodeaux, Quinn G", "Reddy, Vidhatha D", "Myers, Bridget A", "Chan, Stephanie Y", "Bhutani, Tina", "Liao, Wilson"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300516", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the emergence of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) viral pandemic, there is uncertainty whether biologic agents for psoriasis may place patients at a higher risk for infection or more severe disease course. This commentary offers patient counseling recommendations based on the current available evidence. While there are currently no specific data for psoriasis biologics and COVID-19, data are presented here from phase\u00a0III clinical trials of psoriasis biologics on rates of upper respiratory infection, influenza, and serious infection. Overall these data reveal that on the whole, psoriasis biologics do not show major increases in infection risk compared to placebo during the course of these trials. However, as the COVID-19 virus is a novel pathogen that is associated with mortality in a subset of patients, a cautious approach is warranted. We discuss factors that may alter the benefit-risk ratio of biologic use during this time of COVID-19 outbreak. Ultimately, treatment decisions should be made on the basis of dialogue between patient and provider, considering each patient's individualized situation. Once this pandemic has passed, it is only a matter of time before a new viral disease reignites the same issues discussed here."}, {"pmid": 32333939, "pmcid": "PMC7194666", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Importance of metabolic health in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Rebelos, Eleni", "Moriconi, Diego", "Virdis, Agostino", "Taddei, Stefano", "Foschi, Diego", "Nannipieri, Monica"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333939", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234467, "pmcid": "PMC7118634", "title": "Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19: interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce mortality.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Zhang, Chi", "Wu, Zhao", "Li, Jia-Wen", "Zhao, Hong", "Wang, Gui-Qiang"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234467", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a viral pneumonia, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), from Wuhan, China, has swept the world. Although the case fatality rate is not high, the number of people infected is large and there is still a large number of patients dying. With the collation and publication of more and more clinical data, a large number of data suggest that there are mild or severe cytokine storms in severe patients, which is an important cause of death. Therefore, treatment of the cytokine storm has become an important part of rescuing severe COVID-19 patients. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in cytokine release syndrome. If it is possible to block the signal transduction pathway of IL-6, it is expected to become a new method for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients. Tocilizumab is an IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) blocker that can effectively block the IL-6 signal transduction pathway and thus is likely to become an effective drug for patients with severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32384228, "title": "A pandemic within our borders, but what about the impact for our people in acute inpatients?", "journal": "J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Muirhead, Christen"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384228", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the Covid-19 pandemic in New Zealand, physical safety and infection control are now the priorities for acute inpatient units. Across the board, the milieu of wards has altered, with seeking to preserve bed spaces admission criteria has become stricter and patients are being fast tracked out of inpatient care with less time to transition back into the community. In order to restrict opportunities for transmission of Covid 19 between patients and the public, wards which previously were unlocked during the day are now locked at all times without use of mental health legislation. Leave from wards has become more difficult to acquire and visitors are not allowed to come into hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32322032, "title": "The researchers taking a gamble with antibody tests for coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322032", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428243, "title": "Acute promyelocytic leukaemia lying under the mask of COVID-19-a diagnostic and therapeutic conundrum.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Farmer, Isabel", "Okikiolu, Jumoke", "Steel, Matthew", "Wanniarachchi, Chandima", "Littlewood, Shona", "Gupta, Sunil", "Thanigaikumar, Muragaiyan", "Oram, S Helen", "Moonim, Mufaddal", "Kulasekararaj, Austin G", "Yeghen, Tullie"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428243", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434767, "title": "Iranian national COVID-19 electronic screening system: experience to share.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad", "Janati, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434767", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437329, "title": "Collateral Crises of Gun Preparation and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infodemiology Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Caputi, Theodore L", "Ayers, John W", "Dredze, Mark", "Suplina, Nicholas", "Burd-Sharps, Sarah"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437329", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the past, national emergencies in the United States have resulted in increased gun preparation (ie, purchasing new guns or removing guns from storage); in turn, these gun actions have effected increases in firearm injuries and deaths. The aim of this paper was to assess the extent to which interest in gun preparation has increased amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic using data from Google searches related to purchasing and cleaning guns. We fit an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model over Google search data from January 2004 up to the week that US President Donald Trump declared COVID-19 a national emergency. We used this model to forecast Google search volumes, creating a counterfactual of the number of gun preparation searches we would expect if the COVID-19 pandemic had not occurred, and reported observed deviations from this counterfactual. Google searches related to preparing guns have surged to unprecedented levels, approximately 40% higher than previously reported spikes following the Sandy Hook, CT and Parkland, FL shootings and 158% (95% CI 73-270) greater than would be expected if the COVID-19 pandemic had not occurred. In absolute terms, approximately 2.1 million searches related to gun preparation were performed over just 34 days. States severely affected by COVID-19 appear to have some of the greatest increases in the number of searches. Our results corroborate media reports that gun purchases are increasing amid the COVID-19 pandemic and provide more precise geographic and temporal trends. Policy makers should invest in disseminating evidence-based educational tools about gun risks and safety procedures to avert a collateral public health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32106567, "pmcid": "PMC7150947", "title": "Preliminary Identification of Potential Vaccine Targets for the COVID-19 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Based on SARS-CoV Immunological Studies.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Ahmed, Syed Faraz", "Quadeer, Ahmed A", "McKay, Matthew R"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32106567", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19 outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an imminent need to better understand this new virus and to develop ways to control its spread. In this study, we sought to gain insights for vaccine design against SARS-CoV-2 by considering the high genetic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, which caused the outbreak in 2003, and leveraging existing immunological studies of SARS-CoV. By screening the experimentally-determined SARS-CoV-derived B cell and T cell epitopes in the immunogenic structural proteins of SARS-CoV, we identified a set of B cell and T cell epitopes derived from the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins that map identically to SARS-CoV-2 proteins. As no mutation has been observed in these identified epitopes among the 120 available SARS-CoV-2 sequences (as of 21 February 2020), immune targeting of these epitopes may potentially offer protection against this novel virus. For the T cell epitopes, we performed a population coverage analysis of the associated MHC alleles and proposed a set of epitopes that is estimated to provide broad coverage globally, as well as in China. Our findings provide a screened set of epitopes that can help guide experimental efforts towards the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32335174, "pmcid": "PMC7179485", "title": "Clinical Features and Outcomes of Asymptomatic Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wu, Jianguo", "Liang, Jun", "Zhou, Hongji", "Peng, Fengying", "Wang, Bin", "Jiang, Wei", "Jia, Bei", "Luo, Tao"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335174", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374546, "title": "[Medical students at the bedside of COVID-19 patients : motivations and challenges].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Aebischer, Oriane", "Porret, Raphael", "Pawlowska, Victoria", "Barbier, Jeanne", "Caratsch, Leo", "Moreira De Jesus, Mike", "Castioni, Julien", "Kraege, Vanessa", "Bart, Pierre-Alexandre", "Mean, Marie", "Monti, Matteo", "Garnier, Antoine", "Vollenweider, Peter", "Gachoud, David"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374546", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is putting our healthcare system under exceptional pressure, given the number of affected patients. In a context of limited human healthcare resources, senior medical students represent a valuable workforce that can quickly be mobilized for patient care. This is the approach followed in Switzerland and other countries, in several outpatient structures or inpatient services, including the Department of Internal Medicine, of the Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV). In this article, we first give the floor to students who responded to our call. We conclude with important considerations in terms of students' clinical supervision. It is reminded that the involvement of students in the care of COVID-19 patients should only occur on a vo luntary basis."}, {"pmid": 32458546, "title": "Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: A review of the published literature.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Elmas, Omer Faruk", "Demirbas, Abdullah", "Ozyurt, Kemal", "Atasoy, Mustafa", "Tursen, Umit"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458546", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2). COVID-19 outbreak, which caused thousands of deaths, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The infection has been reported to demonstrate different types of cutaneous manifestations including urticarial, maculopapular, papulovesicular, purpuric, livedoid, and thromboticischemic lesions. Given the high mortality rate of the infection, timely and accurate identification of relevant cutaneous manifestations may play a key role in the early diagnosis and management. In this study, we provide a review with a focus on the reported cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32299196, "title": "Self-care of medical staff in primary care: An issue that needs attention during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Xu, Zhongqing"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299196", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Self-care is essential for primary care professionals who are at risk of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32398901, "pmcid": "PMC7214287", "title": "In the midst of the perfect storm: swift public health actions needed in order to increase societal safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Saf Sci", "authors": ["Emmanouil, Pikoulis", "Karl, Puchner", "Eleni, Riza", "Eleni, Kakalou", "Elias, Pavlopoulos", "Constantinos, Tsiamis", "Vasileios, Tokakis", "Georgios, Boustras", "Agis, Terzidis", "Vasiliki, Karamagioli"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398901", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The phenomenal speed of COVID-19 has subjected the public health professionals worldwide to struggle to subdue the spread of the disease and its impact of the affected societies. The limited biomedical and epidemiological understanding of COVID-19 along with the lack of vaccines and therapeutics have led to the reception of draconian measures from the societal safety domain, limiting human interaction through social distancing. Grounded on the adopted approaches, interventions in sero-prevalence studies, mobilisation of the primary health care (PHC) sector, as well as target socially vulnerable groups should be taken into consideration by heath authorities."}, {"pmid": 32504982, "pmcid": "PMC7212977", "title": "Paediatric aspects of COVID-19: An update.", "journal": "Respir Med Res", "authors": ["Kammoun, R", "Masmoudi, K"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504982", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456664, "pmcid": "PMC7249982", "title": "Prone ventilation of critically ill adults with COVID-19: how to perform CPR in cardiac arrest?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Medrzycka-Dabrowska, Wioletta", "Lewandowska, Katarzyna", "Slezak, Daniel", "Dabrowski, Sebastian"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456664", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344000, "pmcid": "PMC7195273", "title": "COVID-19: A Time for Alternate Models in Cardiac Rehabilitation to Take Centre Stage.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Babu, Abraham Samuel", "Arena, Ross", "Ozemek, Cemal", "Lavie, Carl J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344000", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360205, "pmcid": "PMC7181975", "title": "What do surgeons need to know about the digestive disorders and paraclinical abnormalities induced by COVID-19?", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Gornet, J-M", "Tran Minh, M L", "Leleu, F", "Hassid, D"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360205", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The symptoms associated with COVID-19 are mainly characterized by a triad composed of fever, dry cough and dyspnea. However, digestive symptoms have also been reported. At first considered as infrequent, they in fact seem to affect more than half of patients. The symptoms mainly include anorexia, diarrhea, nausea and/or vomiting and abdominal pain. Even though prognosis is associated with lung injury, digestive symptoms seem significantly more frequent in patients presenting with severe COVID-19 infection. Digestive presentations, which may be isolated or which can precede pulmonary symptoms, have indeed been reported, with diarrhea as a leading clinical sign. The main biological abnormalities that can suggest COVID-19 infection at an early stage are lymphopenia, elevated CRP and heightened ASAT transaminases. Thoraco-abdominal scan seems useful as a means of on the one hand ruling out digestive pathology not connected with coronavirus and on the other hand searching for pulmonary images consistent with COVID-19 infection. No data exist on the value of digestive endoscopy in cases of persistent digestive symptoms. Moreover, the endoscopists may themselves be at significant risk of contamination. Fecal-oral transmission of the infection is possible, especially insofar as viral shedding in stools seems frequent and of longer duration than at the ENT level, including in patients with negative throat swab and without digestive symptoms. In some doubtful cases, virologic assessment of stool samples can yield definitive diagnosis. In the event of prolonged viral shedding in stools, a patient's persistent contagiousness is conceivable but not conclusively established. Upcoming serology should enable identification of the patients having been infected by the COVID-19 epidemic, particularly among previously undetected pauci-symptomatic members of a health care staff. Resumption of medico-surgical activity should be the object of a dedicated strategy preceding deconfinement."}, {"pmid": 32408770, "title": "Moving Health Education and Behavior Upstream: Lessons From COVID-19 for Addressing Structural Drivers of Health Inequities.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Schulz, Amy J", "Mehdipanah, Roshanak", "Chatters, Linda M", "Reyes, Angela G", "Neblett, Enrique W Jr", "Israel, Barbara A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408770", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this Perspective, we build on social justice and emancipatory traditions within the field of health education, and the field's long-standing commitment to building knowledge and shared power to promote health equity, to examine lessons and opportunities for health education emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic. Examining patterns that emerged as the pandemic unfolded in Metropolitan Detroit, with disproportionate impacts on African American and low-income communities, we consider conditions that contributed to excess exposure, mortality, and reduced access to critical health protective resources. Using a life course framework, we consider enduring impacts of the pandemic for health equity. Finally, we suggest several strategic actions in three focal areas-environment, occupation, and housing-that can be taken by health educators working in partnership with community members, researchers, and decision makers, using, for example, a community-based participatory research approach, to reduce adverse impacts of COVID-19 and promote long-term equity in health."}, {"pmid": 32406381, "title": "COVID-19: progression of disease and intravascular coagulation - present status and future perspectives.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Harenberg, Job", "Favaloro, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406381", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The timely and accurate diagnosis of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), remains the cornerstone of efforts to provide appropriated treatment for patients, to limit further spread of the virus and ultimately to eliminate the virus from the human society. We focus this article on (a) developments for improvement of diagnosis of specific SARS-CoV-2 virus, (b) laboratory changes in the immunologic and coagulation system, (c) therapeutic options for anticoagulant treatment of seriously affected patients and (d) on the perspectives through improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic medical procedures."}, {"pmid": 32376396, "pmcid": "PMC7200127", "title": "Tocilizumab for cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19 pneumonia: an increased risk for candidemia?", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Antinori, Spinello", "Bonazzetti, Cecilia", "Gubertini, Guido", "Capetti, Amedeo", "Pagani, Cristina", "Morena, Valentina", "Rimoldi, Sara", "Galimberti, Laura", "Sarzi-Puttini, Piercarlo", "Ridolfo, Anna Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376396", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399450, "pmcid": "PMC7213822", "title": "Anxiety and Suicidality in a Hospitalized Patient with COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Epstein, Danny", "Andrawis, Wisam", "Lipsky, Ari M", "Ziad, Hiba Abu", "Matan, Moshe"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399450", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the case of a young man admitted due to mild COVID-19 infection. During his hospitalization in an isolation ward, he had no respiratory distress or fever but developed symptoms consistent with anxiety and insomnia. Despite the appropriate supportive intervention, on hospital day 7, he attempted suicide by jumping from the third-floor ward. The patient underwent urgent surgery and was transferred to a level I trauma center under strict isolation. Our findings emphasize the importance of the mental health aspects of patients treated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic requires social distancing, quarantine and isolation, which may precipitate new psychiatric symptoms in people without mental illness or aggravate existing conditions.Mental health service providers, including psychiatrists, clinical psychologists and social workers, should be available in every facility taking care of COVID-19 patients.Health workers treating patients during the COVID-19 pandemic should be aware of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia and/or distress developing in their patients and colleagues."}, {"pmid": 32376091, "pmcid": "PMC7151426", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: the greatest challenge in the history of critical care.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Ferrer, R"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376091", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383095, "pmcid": "PMC7205368", "title": "Comment to the article \"Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study\".", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Passali, Giulio Cesare", "Bentivoglio, Anna Rita"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383095", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532805, "title": "Thrombotic complications of COVID-19 may reflect an upregulation of endothelial tissue factor expression that is contingent on activation of endosomal NADPH oxidase.", "journal": "Open Heart", "authors": ["DiNicolantonio, James J", "McCarty, Mark"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532805", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The high rate of thrombotic complications associated with COVID-19 seems likely to reflect viral infection of vascular endothelial cells, which express the ACE2 protein that enables SARS-CoV-2 to invade cells. Various proinflammatory stimuli can promote thrombosis by inducing luminal endothelial expression of tissue factor (TF), which interacts with circulating coagulation factor VII to trigger extrinsic coagulation. The signalling mechanism whereby these stimuli evoke TF expression entails activation of NADPH oxidase, upstream from activation of the NF-kappaB transcription factor that drives the induced transcription of the TF gene. When single-stranded RNA viruses are taken up into cellular endosomes, they stimulate endosomal formation and activation of NADPH oxidase complexes via RNA-responsive toll-like receptor 7. It is therefore proposed that SARS-CoV-2 infection of endothelial cells evokes the expression of TF which is contingent on endosomal NADPH oxidase activation. If this hypothesis is correct, hydroxychloroquine, spirulina (more specifically, its chromophore phycocyanobilin) and high-dose glycine may have practical potential for mitigating the elevated thrombotic risk associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32473895, "pmcid": "PMC7250758", "title": "Private Equity-Backed Hospital Investments and the Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Lexa, Frank J", "Lexa, Frank James"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473895", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488422, "pmcid": "PMC7265165", "title": "[Recommendations for the support of suffering, severely ill, dying or grieving persons in the corona pandemic from a palliative care perspective : Recommendations of the German Society for Palliative Medicine (DGP), the German Interdisciplinary Association for Intensive and Emergency Medicine (DIVI), the Federal Association for Grief Counseling (BVT), the Working Group for Psycho-oncology in the German Cancer Society, the German Association for Social Work in the Healthcare System (DVSG) and the German Association for Systemic Therapy, Counseling and Family Therapy (DGSF)].", "journal": "Schmerz", "authors": ["Munch, Urs", "Muller, Heidi", "Deffner, Teresa", "von Schmude, Andrea", "Kern, Martina", "Kiepke-Ziemes, Susanne", "Radbruch, Lukas"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The corona pandemic has led to a\u00a0number of restrictions and prohibitions, which in turn place large psychosocial or spiritual burdens on patients with COVID-19, their families and relatives and the treating personnel in the healthcare system. Patients with COVID-19 are not allowed to receive visitors and many hospitals and nursing homes have completely banned visitors. Many support services have been reduced or stopped completely. Necessary treatment interventions for other patients with critical and life-limiting diseases have been delayed or suspended in order to free resources for the expected COVID-19 patients; however, these people need to feel social connectedness with their relatives. Palliative care patients should be exempted from any ban on visitors. Families should be able to visit dying patients even on intensive care units or isolation wards, using adequate protective equipment. Alternative options, such as video telephone calls or via social media should be explored for patients in isolation. Families should also be enabled to say goodbye to the deceased with adequate protective equipment or should be offered alternative real or virtual options for remembrance and commemoration. Health care professionals coping with the exceptional stress should be continuously supported. This requires clear communication and leadership structures, communication training, psychosocial support, but most of all optimal framework conditions for the clinical work."}, {"pmid": 32503729, "pmcid": "PMC7167293", "title": "COVID-19 and transplant research from China: An ethical dilemma.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Rogers, Wendy A", "Lavee, Jacob"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503729", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480248, "pmcid": "PMC7251351", "title": "Is there enough evidence to discontinue the renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Bobkova, Irina", "Kamyshova, Elena", "Rudenko, Tatiana", "Stavrovskaya, Ekaterina", "Moiseev, Sergey"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480248", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449686, "pmcid": "PMC7265798", "title": "COVID-19: Putting the General Data Protection Regulation to the Test.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["McLennan, Stuart", "Celi, Leo Anthony", "Buyx, Alena"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449686", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is very much a global health issue and requires collaborative, international health research efforts to address it. A valuable source of information for researchers is the large amount of digital health data that are continuously collected by electronic health record systems at health care organizations. The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will be the key legal framework with regard to using and sharing European digital health data for research purposes. However, concerns persist that the GDPR has made many organizations very risk-averse in terms of data sharing, even if the regulation permits such sharing. Health care organizations focusing on individual risk minimization threaten to undermine COVID-19 research efforts. In our opinion, there is an ethical obligation to use the research exemption clause of the GDPR during the COVID-19 pandemic to support global collaborative health research efforts. Solidarity is a European value, and here is a chance to exemplify it by using the GDPR regulatory framework in a way that does not hinder but actually fosters solidarity during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32522372, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine-induced erythema multiforme in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Monte Serrano, Juan", "Cruanes Monferrer, Joana", "Garcia-Garcia, Mar", "Garcia-Gil, Miguel Fernando"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522372", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404230, "pmcid": "PMC7225208", "title": "Plagues, pandemics and epidemics in Irish history prior to COVID-19 (coronavirus): what can we learn?", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Kelly, B D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404230", "countries": ["Ireland", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper seeks to provide a brief overview of epidemics and pandemics in Irish history and to identify any lessons that might be useful in relation to psychiatry in the context of COVID-19. A review of selected key reports, papers and publications related to epidemics and pandemics in Irish history was conducted. Viruses, epidemics and pandemics are recurring features of human history. Early Irish sources record a broad array of plagues, pandemics and epidemics including bubonic plague, typhus, cholera, dysentery and smallpox, as well as an alleged epidemic of insanity in the 19th century (that never truly occurred). Like the Spanish flu pandemic (1918-20), COVID-19 (a new coronavirus) presents both the challenge of the illness itself and the problems caused by the anxiety that the virus triggers. Managing this anxiety has always been a challenge, especially with the Spanish flu. People with mental illness had particularly poor outcomes with the Spanish flu, often related to the large, unhygienic mental hospitals in which so many were housed. Even today, a full century after the Spanish flu pandemic, people with mental illness remain at increased risk of poor physical health, so it is imperative that multi-disciplinary care continues during the current outbreak of COVID-19, despite the manifest difficulties involved. The histories of previous epidemics and pandemics clearly demonstrate that good communication and solidarity matter, now more than ever, especially for people with mental illness."}, {"pmid": 32519118, "title": "[Ocular post-mortem findings in patients having died from COVID-19].", "journal": "Ophthalmologe", "authors": ["Loffler, Karin U", "Reinhold, Aja", "Herwig-Carl, Martina C", "Tzankov, Alexandar", "Holz, Frank G", "Scholl, Hendrik P N", "Meyer, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519118", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32072255, "pmcid": "PMC7087878", "title": "Outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19): What is the role of radiologists?", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Kim, Hyungjin"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32072255", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022 Novel coronavirus (COVID-19)-infected pneumonia usually manifests as bilateral ground-glass opacities in the lung periphery on chest CT scans. \u2022 Role of radiologists includes not only early detection of lung abnormality, but also suggestion of disease severity, potential progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome, and possible bacterial co-infection in hospitalized patients."}, {"pmid": 32293875, "pmcid": "PMC7184878", "title": "Why Are Lopinavir and Ritonavir Effective against the Newly Emerged Coronavirus 2019? Atomistic Insights into the Inhibitory Mechanisms.", "journal": "Biochemistry", "authors": ["Nutho, Bodee", "Mahalapbutr, Panupong", "Hengphasatporn, Kowit", "Pattaranggoon, Nawanwat Chainuwong", "Simanon, Nattapon", "Shigeta, Yasuteru", "Hannongbua, Supot", "Rungrotmongkol, Thanyada"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293875", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of a novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported from Wuhan, China, neither a specific vaccine nor an antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2 has become available. However, a combination of two HIV-1 protease inhibitors, lopinavir and ritonavir, has been found to be effective against SARS-CoV, and both drugs could bind well to the SARS-CoV 3C-like protease (SARS-CoV 3CLpro). In this work, molecular complexation between each inhibitor and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro was studied using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, free energy calculations, and pair interaction energy analyses based on MM/PB(GB)SA and FMO-MP2/PCM/6-31G* methods. Both anti-HIV drugs interacted well with the residues at the active site of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Ritonavir showed a somewhat higher number atomic contacts, a somewhat higher binding efficiency, and a somewhat higher number of key binding residues compared to lopinavir, which correspond with the slightly lower water accessibility at the 3CLpro active site. In addition, only ritonavir could interact with the oxyanion hole residues N142 and G143 via the formation of two hydrogen bonds. The interactions in terms of electrostatics, dispersion, and charge transfer played an important role in the drug binding. The obtained results demonstrated how repurposed anti-HIV drugs could be used to combat COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32294269, "pmcid": "PMC7262077", "title": "Carving out a place for internal medicine during COVID-19 epidemic in Italy.", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Lenti, Marco Vincenzo", "Corazza, Gino Roberto", "Di Sabatino, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294269", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375523, "pmcid": "PMC7212539", "title": "The challenge of resuming classes for young students in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Expert Rev Respir Med", "authors": ["Yang, Rongrong", "Gui, Xien", "Zhang, Yongxi", "Xiong, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375523", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387870, "pmcid": "PMC7184974", "title": "Forensic medicine in the time of COVID 19: An Editorial from Milano, Italy.", "journal": "Forensic Sci Int", "authors": ["Cattaneo, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387870", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357380, "pmcid": "PMC7267666", "title": "Changes in Head and Neck Oncologic Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Brody, Robert M", "Albergotti, W Greer", "Shimunov, David", "Nicolli, Elizabeth", "Harris, Brianna N", "Bur, Andres M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357380", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has raised controversies regarding safe and effective care of patients with head and neck cancer. It is unknown how much the pandemic has changed surgeon practice. A questionnaire was distributed to head and neck surgeons assessing opinions related to treatment and concerns for the safety of patients, self, family, and staff. A total of 88 head and neck surgeons responded during the study period. Surgeons continued to recommend primary surgical treatment for oral cavity cancers. Respondents were more likely to consider nonsurgical therapy for patients with early glottic cancers and HPV-mediated oropharynx cancer. Surgeons were least likely to be concerned for their own health and safety and had the greatest concern for their resident trainees. This study highlights differences in the willingness of head and neck surgeons to delay surgery or alter plans during times when hospital resources are scarce and risk is high."}, {"pmid": 32458044, "pmcid": "PMC7248187", "title": "Inside the lungs of COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "Int J Legal Med", "authors": ["Aguiar, Diego", "Lobrinus, Johannes Alexander", "Schibler, Manuel", "Fracasso, Tony", "Lardi, Christelle"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458044", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, only few data regarding lung pathology induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is available, especially without medical intervention interfering with the natural evolution of the disease. We present here the first case of forensic autopsy of a COVID-19 fatality occurring in a young woman, in the community. Diagnosis was made at necropsy and lung histology showed diffuse alveolar damage, edema, and interstitial pneumonia with a geographically heterogeneous pattern, mostly affecting the central part of the lungs. This death related to COVID-19 pathology highlights the heterogeneity and severity of central lung lesions after natural evolution of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32209890, "title": "Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Deng, Yan", "Liu, Wei", "Liu, Kui", "Fang, Yuan-Yuan", "Shang, Jin", "Zhou, Ling", "Wang, Ke", "Leng, Fan", "Wei, Shuang", "Chen, Lei", "Liu, Hui-Guo"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209890", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus has caused the outbreak of the acute respiratory disease in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China since December 2019. This study was performed to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients who succumbed to and who recovered from 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Clinical data were collected from two tertiary hospitals in Wuhan. A retrospective investigation was conducted to analyze the clinical characteristics of fatal cases of COVID-19 (death group) and we compare them with recovered patients (recovered group). Continuous variables were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were analyzed by \u03c7 test or Fisher exact test as appropriate. Our study enrolled 109 COVID-19 patients who died during hospitalization and 116 recovered patients. The median age of the death group was older than the recovered group (69 [62, 74] vs. 40 [33, 57] years, Z\u200a=\u200a9.738, P\u200a<\u200a0.001). More patients in the death group had underlying diseases (72.5% vs. 41.4%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a22.105, P\u200a<\u200a0.001). Patients in the death group had a significantly longer time of illness onset to hospitalization (10.0 [6.5, 12.0] vs. 7.0 [5.0, 10.0] days, Z\u200a=\u200a3.216, P\u200a=\u200a0.001). On admission, the proportions of patients with symptoms of dyspnea (70.6% vs. 19.0%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a60.905, P\u200a<\u200a0.001) and expectoration (32.1% vs. 12.1%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a13.250, P\u200a<\u200a0.001) were significantly higher in the death group. The blood oxygen saturation was significantly lower in the death group (85 [77, 91]% vs. 97 [95, 98]%, Z\u200a=\u200a10.625, P\u200a<\u200a0.001). The white blood cell (WBC) in death group was significantly higher on admission (7.23 [4.87, 11.17] vs. 4.52 [3.62, 5.88] \u00d710/L, Z\u200a=\u200a7.618, P\u200a<\u200a0.001). Patients in the death group exhibited significantly lower lymphocyte count (0.63 [0.40, 0.79] vs. 1.00 [0.72, 1.27] \u00d710/L, Z\u200a=\u200a8.037, P\u200a<\u200a0.001) and lymphocyte percentage (7.10 [4.45, 12.73]% vs. 23.50 [15.27, 31.25]%, Z\u200a=\u200a10.315, P\u200a<\u200a0.001) on admission, and the lymphocyte percentage continued to decrease during hospitalization (7.10 [4.45, 12.73]% vs. 2.91 [1.79, 6.13]%, Z\u200a=\u200a5.242, P\u200a<\u200a0.001). Alanine transaminase (22.00 [15.00, 34.00] vs. 18.70 [13.00, 30.38] U/L, Z\u200a=\u200a2.592, P\u200a=\u200a0.010), aspartate transaminase (34.00 [27.00, 47.00] vs. 22.00 [17.65, 31.75] U/L, Z\u200a=\u200a7.308, P\u200a<\u200a0.001), and creatinine levels (89.00 [72.00, 133.50] vs. 65.00 [54.60, 78.75] \u03bcmol/L, Z\u200a=\u200a6.478, P\u200a<\u200a0.001) were significantly higher in the death group than those in the recovered group. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also significantly higher in the death group on admission (109.25 [35.00, 170.28] vs. 3.22 [1.04, 21.80] mg/L, Z\u200a=\u200a10.206, P\u200a<\u200a0.001) and showed no significant improvement after treatment (109.25 [35.00, 170.28] vs. 81.60 [27.23, 179.08] mg/L, Z\u200a=\u200a1.219, P\u200a=\u200a0.233). The patients in the death group had more complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (89.9% vs. 8.6%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a148.105, P\u200a<\u200a0.001), acute cardiac injury (59.6% vs. 0.9%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a93.222, P\u200a<\u200a0.001), acute kidney injury (18.3% vs. 0%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a23.257, P\u200a<\u200a0.001), shock (11.9% vs. 0%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a14.618, P\u200a<\u200a0.001), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (6.4% vs. 0%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a7.655, P\u200a=\u200a0.006). Compared to the recovered group, more patients in the death group exhibited characteristics of advanced age, pre-existing comorbidities, dyspnea, oxygen saturation decrease, increased WBC count, decreased lymphocytes, and elevated CRP levels. More patients in the death group had complications such as ARDS, acute cardiac injury, acute kidney injury, shock, and DIC."}, {"pmid": 32430425, "pmcid": "PMC7241110", "title": "Correspondence regarding recently published editorial: 'Will children reveal their secret? The coronavirus dilemma'.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Ebmeier, Stefan", "Cunnington, Aubrey J"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430425", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524712, "title": "Registry of patients with congenital bleeding and COVID-19 in madrid.", "journal": "Haemophilia", "authors": ["Alvarez Roman, M T", "Butta Coll, N", "Garcia Barcenilla, S", "Perez Gonzalez, L", "de la Plaza Collazo, I", "De la Corte Rodriguez, H", "Romero Garrido, J A", "Martin Salces, M", "Rivas Pollmar, M I", "Cebanu, T", "Gonzalez-Zorrilla, E", "Acuna, P", "Monzon Manzano, E", "Merchan, E C", "Trelles Martinez, R", "Blanco Banares, M J", "Gutierrez Alvarino, M", "Jimenez Yuste, V"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524712", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the first registry of patients with congenital bleeding disorders and COVID-19. The study has been carried out in the Community of Madrid, which has the highest number of cases in Spain. The objective is to understand the incidence of COVID-19, the course of the disease if it occurs and the psychosocial and occupational impact on this population. We included 345 patients (246 of haemophilia, 69 of von Willebrand Disease, 2 rare bleeding disorders and 28 carriers of haemophilia). A telephone survey was used to collect the data. 42 patients presented symptoms suggestive of infection by COVID-19 and in 6 cases the disease was confirmed by RT-PCR. The cumulative incidence of our series was 1.73%. It is worth noting the complexity of the management of COVID-19 in two patients on prophylaxis with non-factor replacement therapy. Adherence to the prescribed treatment was maintained by 95.5% of patients. Although 94% were independent for daily living activities, 42.4% had a recognised disability and 58% required assistance, provided by the Madrid Haemophilia Association (Ashemadrid) in 75%of cases. Only 4.4% of consultations were held in person. Patients with congenital bleeding disorders infected with SARS-CoV-2presented a mild course of the disease that did not require admission. Their identification and treatment by a specialist team from a Haemophilia Treatment Center is essential to make a correct assessment of the risk of haemorrhage/thrombosis.COVID-19 had a major impact on the psychosocial aspects of these patients which must be remedied with recovery plans."}, {"pmid": 32345430, "title": "Cohesion in Distancing.", "journal": "AMA J Ethics", "authors": ["Shen, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345430", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In isolation, we are physically apart; in solidarity, we are together. The COVID-19 pandemic emphasizes our social responsibility to maintain physical distance from one another. In doing so, we solidify our collective strength."}, {"pmid": 32420926, "title": "Point-of-Care diagnostic of SARS-CoV-2: knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) of medical workforce in Italy.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Ricco, Matteo", "Ferraro, Pietro", "Gualerzi, Giovanni", "Ranzieri, Silvia", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Balzarini, Federica", "Signorelli, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420926", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present study aims to characterize knowledge, attitudes and beliefs in a\u00a0sample of medical professionals towards point-of-care (POC) rapid tests for SARS-CoV-2 in Italy (April 2020). A\u00a0total of\u00a0561\u00a0professionals\u00a0(42.6%\u00a0males,\u00a026.9% \u2265 50-year-old) compiled a\u00a0specifically designed web questionnaire on characteristics of POC rapid tests. They were asked whether they would change daily practice and make clinical decisions according to POC tests. Multivariate odds ratios (aOR) for predictors of propensity towards the aforementioned behavioral outcomes were calculated through regression analysis. Overall, only 51.9% knew the official recommendations of the Italian Health Authorities for POC tests, while 26.0% of respondents considered POC tests for COVID-19 highly reliable. Still, 40.3% of respondents would change daily practice because of such tests, and 38.5% would make clinical decisions based of their results. Actual understanding of specificity and sensitivity of POC tests was not associated with assessed behavioral outcomes: main positive effectors were identified in perceived reliability and usefulness of rapid tests, acknowledging the existence of official recommendations, understanding the limited clinical implications of POC tests, and working as occupational physicians were characterized as negative effectors.\u00a0 Conclusions. Propensity of sampled professionals towards POC tests for COVID-19 was diffusely unsatisfying. While actual understanding of accuracy of such tests was not a main effector of propensity, previous experiences with other POC tests in daily practice, particularly among occupational physicians may have impaired overall acceptance of such instruments."}, {"pmid": 32222163, "pmcid": "PMC7194957", "title": "CT screening for early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shi, Heshui", "Han, Xiaoyu", "Cao, Yukun", "Alwalid, Osamah", "Zheng, Chuansheng"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222163", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435852, "pmcid": "PMC7239346", "title": "Gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients: possible involvement of taste renin-angiotensin system (RAS).", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Bigiani, Albertino"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435852", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525385, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: Lessons learnt.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Berger, Emily", "Reupert, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525385", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper evaluated the unique challenges of Australians in relation to the global novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The 2019-2020 bushfires and COVID-19 outbreak have increased rates of anxiety and distress in Australia. On the contrary, unprecedented spending by the Australian Government on health care, employment, and housing has potentially lowered anxiety and stress for some Australians. Research is required to monitor the potential long-term mental health consequences of COVID-19 in Australia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32080723, "pmcid": "PMC7107546", "title": "Quantifying the association between domestic travel and the exportation of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases from Wuhan, China in 2020: a correlational analysis.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Zhuang, Zian", "Cao, Peihua", "Ran, Jinjun", "Gao, Daozhou", "Lou, Yijun", "Yang, Lin", "Cai, Yongli", "Wang, Weiming", "He, Daihai", "Wang, Maggie H"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32080723", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533897, "title": "A new Chapter for ACPGBI.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Kokelaar, R F", "Williams, G L"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533897", "countries": ["Ireland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus pandemic has significantly impacted on the practice of colorectal surgery and other branches of medicine. In addition to disrupting patient care at every level, it has also decimated the normal business and structures that maintain the high quality of care that our patients expect. These vary from local departmental audits to the function of learned societies such as the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. During this challenging and rapidly evolving era, clinicians crave communication and being connected to their peers."}, {"pmid": 32525850, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Serologic Responses from a Sample of U.S. Navy Service Members - USS Theodore Roosevelt, April 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Payne, Daniel C", "Smith-Jeffcoat, Sarah E", "Nowak, Gosia", "Chukwuma, Uzo", "Geibe, Jesse R", "Hawkins, Robert J", "Johnson, Jeffrey A", "Thornburg, Natalie J", "Schiffer, Jarad", "Weiner, Zachary", "Bankamp, Bettina", "Bowen, Michael D", "MacNeil, Adam", "Patel, Monita R", "Deussing, Eric", "Gillingham, Bruce L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525850", "countries": ["United States", "Guam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Compared with the volume of data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks among older adults, relatively few data are available concerning COVID-19 in younger, healthy persons in the United States (1,2). In late March 2020, the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt arrived at port in Guam after numerous U.S. service members onboard developed COVID-19. In April, the U.S. Navy and CDC investigated this outbreak, and the demographic, epidemiologic, and laboratory findings among a convenience sample of 382 service members serving aboard the aircraft carrier are reported in this study. The outbreak was characterized by widespread transmission with relatively mild symptoms and asymptomatic infection among this sample of mostly young, healthy adults with close, congregate exposures. Service members who reported taking preventive measures had a lower infection rate than did those who did not report taking these measures (e.g., wearing a face covering, 55.8% versus 80.8%; avoiding common areas, 53.8% versus 67.5%; and observing social distancing, 54.7% versus 70.0%, respectively). The presence of neutralizing antibodies, which represent antibodies that inhibit SARS-CoV-2, among the majority (59.2%) of those with antibody responses is a promising indicator of at least short-term immunity. This report improves the understanding of COVID-19 in the U.S. military and among young adults in congregate settings and reinforces the importance of preventive measures to lower risk for infection in similar environments."}, {"pmid": 32186279, "title": "Facing challenges with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak", "journal": "Virologie (Montrouge)", "authors": ["van der Werf, Sylvie", "Peltekian, Cecile"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32186279", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417418, "pmcid": "PMC7224676", "title": "Reply to: Skin damage among healthcare workers managing coronavirus disease-2019.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Maliyar, Khalad", "Sachdeva, Muskaan", "Mufti, Asfandyar", "Yeung, Jensen"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417418", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227760, "pmcid": "PMC7121452", "title": "Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Vaduganathan, Muthiah", "Vardeny, Orly", "Michel, Thomas", "McMurray, John J V", "Pfeffer, Marc A", "Solomon, Scott D"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227760", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464665, "title": "Democracy, Capacity, and Coercion in Pandemic Response-COVID 19 in Comparative Political Perspective.", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Kavanagh, Matthew M", "Singh, Renu"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464665", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged governments around the world. It has also challenged conventional wisdom and empirical understandings in the comparative politics and policy of health. Three major questions present themselves: First, some of the countries considered to be the most prepared-having the greatest capacity for outbreak response-have failed to respond effectively to the pandemic. How should our understanding of capacity shift in light of COVID-19, and how can we incorporate political capacity into thinking about pandemic preparedness? Second, several of the mechanisms through which democracy has been shown to be beneficial for health have not traveled well to explain the performance of governments in this pandemic. Is there an authoritarian advantage in disease response? Third, after decades in which coercive public health measures have increasingly been considered counterproductive, COVID-19 has inspired widespread embrace of rigid lockdowns, isolation, and quarantine enforced by police. Will these measures prove effective in the long run and reshape public health thinking? This article explores some of these questions with emerging examples, even amid the pandemic when it is too soon to draw conclusions."}, {"pmid": 32514592, "title": "Severe COVID-19 is associated with deep and sustained multifaceted cellular immunosuppression.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Jeannet, Robin", "Daix, Thomas", "Formento, Remy", "Feuillard, Jean", "Francois, Bruno"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514592", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330545, "pmcid": "PMC7173826", "title": "African-American COVID-19 Mortality: A Sentinel Event.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Ferdinand, Keith C", "Nasser, Samar A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330545", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299479, "pmcid": "PMC7161433", "title": "Acute kidney injury in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Fanelli, Vito", "Fiorentino, Marco", "Cantaluppi, Vincenzo", "Gesualdo, Loreto", "Stallone, Giovanni", "Ronco, Claudio", "Castellano, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299479", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220207, "title": "Undocumented U.S. Immigrants and Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Page, Kathleen R", "Venkataramani, Maya", "Beyrer, Chris", "Polk, Sarah"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220207", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32033967, "title": "In Beijing, coronavirus 2019-nCoV has created a siege mentality.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mowbray, Heather"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32033967", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296940, "pmcid": "PMC7156903", "title": "The role of imaging in 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19).", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Yang, Wenjing", "Sirajuddin, Arlene", "Zhang, Xiaochun", "Liu, Guanshu", "Teng, Zhongzhao", "Zhao, Shihua", "Lu, Minjie"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296940", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Almost the entire world, not only China, is currently experiencing the outbreak of a novel coronavirus that causes respiratory disease, severe pneumonia, and even death. The outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December of 2019 and is currently still ongoing. This novel coronavirus is highly contagious and has resulted in a continuously increasing number of infections and deaths that have already surpassed the SARS-CoV outbreak that occurred in China between 2002 and 2003. It is now officially a pandemic, announced by WHO on the 11th of March. Currently, the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) can be identified by virus isolation or viral nucleic acid detection; however, false negatives associated with the nucleic acid detection provide a clinical challenge and thus make the imaging examination crucial. Imaging exams have been a main clinical diagnostic criteria for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China. Imaging features of multiple patchy areas of ground glass opacity and consolidation predominately in the periphery of the lungs are characteristic manifestations on chest CT and extremely helpful in the early detection and diagnosis of this disease, which aids prompt diagnosis and the eventual control of this emerging global health emergency. Key Points \u2022 In December 2019, China, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel, highly contagious coronavirus raised grave concerns and posed a huge threat to global public health. \u2022 Among the infected patients, characteristic findings on CT imaging include multiple, patchy, ground-glass opacity, crazy-paving pattern, and consolidation shadows, mainly distributed in the peripheral and subpleural areas of both lungs, which are very helpful for the frontline clinicians. \u2022 Imaging examination has become the indispensable means not only in the early detection and diagnosis but also in monitoring the clinical course, evaluating the disease severity, and may be presented as an important warning signal preceding the negative RT-PCR test results."}, {"pmid": 32464298, "pmcid": "PMC7247977", "title": "The impact of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers in hospitals: An aerial overview.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Xiang, Boqi", "Li, Peining", "Yang, Xinhui", "Zhong, Shuyi", "Manyande, Anne", "Feng, Maohui"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464298", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, places healthcare workers at an increased risk of infection as they are in close contact with patients. In this article, we report an overview of cases of infected healthcare workers in China and Italy during the early periods of the COVID-19 epidemic. China's coronavirus response highlights the importance of implementing effective public health strategies. The authorities worldwide therefore, need to be extremely cautious when they implement stringent protective measures that safeguard healthcare workers in hospitals and counteract the threats created by the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32522223, "title": "A moonshot approach toward the management of cancer patients in the COVID-19 time: what have we learned and what could the Italian network of cancer centers (Alliance Against Cancer, ACC) do after the pandemic wave?", "journal": "J Exp Clin Cancer Res", "authors": ["Silvestris, Nicola", "Apolone, Giovanni", "Botti, Gerardo", "Ciliberto, Gennaro", "Costantini, Massimo", "De Paoli, Paolo", "Franceschi, Silvia", "Opocher, Giuseppe", "Paradiso, Angelo", "Pronzato, Paolo", "Sgambato, Alessandro", "De Maria, Ruggero"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522223", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "If we focus our attention on seven main features of COVID-19 infection (heterogeneity, fragility, lack of effective treatments and vaccines, \"miraculous cures\", psychological suffering, deprivation, and globalization), we may establish parallelism with the challenges faced in the steep road to the understanding and treatment of neoplastic diseases. How the similarities between these two conditions can help us cope with the emergency effort represented by the management of cancer patients in the COVID-19 era, today and in the future? In a manner similar to the Cancer Moonshot initiative in the United States, we can hypothesize a multinational moonshot project towards the management of cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we believe that the main road to elaborate meaningful scientific evidence is represented by the collection of all the data on COVID-19 and cancer comorbidity that are and will become available in cancer centers, coupled with the design of large clinical studies. To address this goal, it is essential to identify the entity that can produce this scientific evidences and the potentially most successful research strategy to undertake. The largest Italian organization for cancer research, Alliance Against Cancer (Alleanza Contro il Cancro, ACC), is called to play a scientific leadership in addressing these challenges, which requires the coordination of oncology teams at regional, national, and international levels. To fulfill this commitment, ACC will create a liaison with health government agencies in order to develop \"dynamic\" indications able to fight such an unpredictable pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32401229, "title": "Novel coronavirus, novel faculty development programs: rapid transition to eLearning during the pandemic.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Mulla, Zuber D", "Osland-Paton, Valerie", "Rodriguez, Marco A", "Vazquez, Eduardo", "Kupesic Plavsic, Sanja"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401229", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a rapid and massive transition to online education. We describe the response of our Office of Faculty Development at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso (TTUHSC EP) to this unprecedented challenge during and after this post-pandemic crisis. The initiatives for emergency transition to eLearning and faculty development described in this paper may serve as a model for other academic health centers, schools, colleges and universities."}, {"pmid": 32512988, "title": "High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in adults with COVID-19 respiratory failure. A case report.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Karamouzos, Vasileios", "Fligou, Fotini", "Gogos, Charalambos", "Velissaris, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512988", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) continuous to spread around the globe causing high mortality, tremendous stress on healthcare systems and an unprecedented disruption of everyday life with unpredictable socioeconomic ramifications. The diseaseis typically affecting the respiratory system and some patients will develop refractory hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency requiring mechanical ventilation. The role of non-invasive ventilation (NIV), high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) or continuous positive airway pressure devices (C-PAP) in the treatment of the 2019 corona virus disease (COVID-19) is not yet clear. We hereby report a case of a 44-year-old COVID-19 positive male patient suffering from hypoxic respiratory failure that was successfully treated with high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in a negative pressure intensive care room. Although specific criteria for the use of high flow nasal canula devices COVID-19 are not available at this time, clinicians could use this non-invasive modality as analternative method of respiratory support in selected patients presenting\u00a0with respiratory failure."}, {"pmid": 32466289, "title": "Cellular Metabolic Profiling of CrFK Cells Infected with Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Using Phenotype Microarrays.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Ng, Shing Wei", "Selvarajah, Gayathri Thevi", "Cheah, Yoke Kqueen", "Mustaffa Kamal, Farina", "Omar, Abdul Rahman"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466289", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal feline immune-mediated disease caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). Little is known about the biological pathways associated in FIP pathogenesis. This is the first study aiming to determine the phenotypic characteristics on the cellular level in relation to specific metabolic pathways of importance to FIP pathogenesis. The internalization of type II FIPV WSU 79-1146 in Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney (CrFK) cells was visualized using a fluorescence microscope, and optimization prior to phenotype microarray (PM) study was performed. Then, four types of Biolog Phenotype MicroArray\u2122 plates (PM-M1 to PM-M4) precoated with different carbon and nitrogen sources were used to determine the metabolic profiles in FIPV-infected cells. The utilization of palatinose was significantly low in FIPV-infected cells; however, there were significant increases in utilizing melibionic acid, L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid and alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) compared to non-infected cells. This study has provided the first insights into the metabolic profiling of a feline coronavirus infection in vitro using PMs and deduced that glutamine metabolism is one of the essential metabolic pathways for FIPV infection and replication. Further studies are necessary to develop strategies to target the glutamine metabolic pathway in FIPV infection."}, {"pmid": 32436603, "title": "Makeshift face shield for healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Gupta, S", "Jangra, R S", "Gupta, S", "Gujrathi, A V", "Sharma, A"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436603", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348591, "pmcid": "PMC7267655", "title": "Management of dysphagia in the patient with head and neck cancer during COVID-19 pandemic: Practical strategy.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Ku, Peter K M", "Holsinger, Floyd Christopher", "Chan, Jason Y K", "Yeung, Zenon W C", "Chan, Becky Y T", "Tong, Michael C F", "Starmer, Heather M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348591", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has tremendously altered routine medical service provision and imposed unprecedented challenges to the health care system. This impacts patients with dysphagia complications caused by head and neck cancers. As this pandemic of COVID-19 may last longer than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, a practical workflow for managing dysphagia is crucial to ensure a safe and efficient practice to patients and health care personnel. This document provides clinical practice guidelines based on available evidence to date to balance the risks of SARS-CoV-2 exposure with the risks associated with dysphagia. Critical considerations include reserving instrumental assessments for urgent cases only, optimizing the noninstrumental swallowing evaluation, appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and use of telehealth when appropriate. Despite significant limitations in clinical service provision during the pandemic of COVID-19, a safe and reasonable dysphagia care pathway can still be implemented with modifications of setup and application of newer technologies."}, {"pmid": 32346588, "pmcid": "PMC7187826", "title": "Dermatologic findings in two patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "JAAD Case Rep", "authors": ["Rivera-Oyola, Ryan", "Koschitzky, Merav", "Printy, Rachel", "Liu, Stephanie", "Stanger, Roselyn", "Golant, Alexandra", "Lebwohl, Mark"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346588", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234716, "title": "Cancer Labs Pivot to Battle COVID-19.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234716", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As cancer researchers shutter their labs to comply with COVID-19-related work restrictions, some are turning their attention, resources, and technical know-how to the challenge of tackling the deadly coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32377508, "pmcid": "PMC7200377", "title": "Review on government action plans to reduce energy consumption in buildings amid COVID-19 pandemic outbreak.", "journal": "Mater Today Proc", "authors": ["Qarnain, Syed Shuibul", "Muthuvel, S", "Bathrinath, S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377508", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The corona virus pandemic outbreak in 2019-2020 has almost touched everyone's life and is affecting every sector. The daily routine life has come to a standstill, many sector including businesses, finance, transport and many more critical industries has come to a halt. Only essential sectors like healthcare have been permitted to operate. Many G20 countries-imposed curfew, mandatory stay-in-home orders and lockdown of cities and countries. Among all these close down scenarios and locked down industries, utility companies and energy distribution sector were operational 24/7 round the clock providing uninterrupted power supply for a comfortable lockdown \"stay in home\". The success of Fighting COVID-19 and shutdowns is highly dependent upon uninterrupted power supply and power consumption by the building residents. This paper reviews the various actions taken by G20 member countries towards electricity consumption while in COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. This research work is an analysis of actions taken by governments under their jurisdictions towards building energy consumers. The outcome of this paper are energy policy recommendations that are based on the different governments responses and actions taken towards energy consumption in buildings."}, {"pmid": 32387342, "pmcid": "PMC7199686", "title": "Letter to editor: Severe brain haemorrhage and concomitant COVID-19 Infection: A neurovascular complication of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Muhammad, Sajjad", "Petridis, Athanasios", "Cornelius, Jan Frederick", "Hanggi, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387342", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213760, "title": "Facts and reflections on COVID-19 and anti-hypertensives drugs.", "journal": "Drug Discov Ther", "authors": ["Marin, Gustavo H"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213760", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on some publications that associate SARS-CoV-2 infection with the use of anti-hypertensive drug groups such as angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (e.g. enalapril) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (e.g. losartan), many patients from South America, Central America or Spain, have stopped or intend to interrupt their treatments with these drugs. Hence, it may exist ominous consequences due to this drop out. For this reason, it is necessary to quickly warn about this situation and the risks associated with it."}, {"pmid": 32304745, "pmcid": "PMC7159868", "title": "Risk factors for disease severity, unimprovement, and mortality in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, J", "Wang, X", "Jia, X", "Li, J", "Hu, K", "Chen, G", "Wei, J", "Gong, Z", "Zhou, C", "Yu, H", "Yu, M", "Lei, H", "Cheng, F", "Zhang, B", "Xu, Y", "Wang, G", "Dong, W"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304745", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan. However, the characteristics and risk factors associated with disease severity, unimprovement and mortality are unclear and our objective is to throw some light on these. All consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 11 to February 6, 2020, were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. A total of 663 COVID-19 patients were included in this study. Among these, 247 (37.3%) had at least one kind of chronic disease; 0.5% of the patients (n\u00a0=\u00a03) were diagnosed with mild COVID-19, while 37.8% (251/663), 47.5% (315/663), and 14.2% (94/663) were in moderate, severe, and critical conditions, respectively. In our hospital, during follow-up 251 of 663 patients (37.9%) improved and 25 patients died, a mortality rate of 3.77%. Older patients (>60\u00a0years old) and those with chronic diseases were prone to have a severe to critical COVID-19 condition, to show unimprovement, and to die (p <0.001, <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified being male (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.486, 95%CI 0.311-0.758; p 0.001), having a severe COVID-19 condition (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.129, 95%CI 0.082-0.201; p <0.001), expectoration (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.796, 95%CI 1.062-3.036; p 0.029), muscle ache (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.309, 95%CI 0.153-0.626; p 0.001), and decreased albumin (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.929, 95%CI 1.199-3.104; p 0.007) as being associated with unimprovement in COVID-19 patients. Male sex, a severe COVID-19 condition, expectoration, muscle ache, and decreased albumin were independent risk factors which influence the improvement of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32277775, "pmcid": "PMC7262277", "title": "Caring for Miners During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Sood, Akshay", "Pollard, Charles", "Suer, Kyla Le", "Vlahovich, Kevin", "Walker, Jolene"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277775", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518091, "title": "COVID-19: A UK Children's Hospital Experience.", "journal": "Hosp Pediatr", "authors": ["Kanthimathinathan, Hari Krishnan", "Dhesi, Amrit", "Hartshorn, Stuart", "Ali, Syed Habib", "Kirk, Jeremy", "Nagakumar, Prasad", "Jyothish, Deepthi"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518091", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303480, "pmcid": "PMC7194976", "title": "Recommendations for protecting against and mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in long-term care facilities.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Yen, Muh-Yong", "Schwartz, Jonathan", "King, Chwan-Chuen", "Lee, Chung-Ming", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303480", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has drawn heightened attention from public health scholars researching ways to limit its spread. Much of the research has been focused on minimizing transmission in hospitals and in the general community. However, a particularly vulnerable community that has received relatively little attention is elders residing in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). In this article we address this relative lack of attention, arguing that enhanced traffic control bundling (eTCB) can and should be adopted and implemented as a means of protecting LTCF residents and staff. Enhanced TCB has been widely applied in hospital settings and has proven effective at limiting droplet and fomite transmissions both within hospitals and between hospitals and the general community. By effectively adapting eTCB to LTCF conditions, particularly by incorporating compartmentalization within zones plus active surveillance, COVID-19 transmission into and throughout LTCFs can be minimized, thereby saving numerous lives among an especially vulnerable population."}, {"pmid": 32405054, "title": "Coping with COVID-19: scaling up virtual care to standard practice.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Barsom, Esther Z", "Feenstra, Tim M", "Bemelman, Willem A", "Bonjer, Jaap H", "Schijven, Marlies P"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405054", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32228369, "pmcid": "PMC7219852", "title": "Challenges and Potential Solutions of Stroke Care During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Zhao, Jing", "Rudd, Anthony", "Liu, Renyu"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228369", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266501, "pmcid": "PMC7137401", "title": "Double Jeopardy: Methamphetamine Use and HIV as Risk Factors for COVID-19.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Carrico, Adam W", "Horvath, Keith J", "Grov, Christian", "Moskowitz, Judith T", "Pahwa, Savita", "Pallikkuth, Suresh", "Hirshfield, Sabina"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266501", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304577, "pmcid": "PMC7264537", "title": "Thromboembolic risk and anticoagulant therapy in COVID-19 patients: emerging evidence and call for action.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Kollias, Anastasios", "Kyriakoulis, Konstantinos G", "Dimakakos, Evangelos", "Poulakou, Garyphallia", "Stergiou, George S", "Syrigos, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304577", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging evidence shows that severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be complicated with coagulopathy, namely disseminated intravascular coagulation, which has a rather prothrombotic character with high risk of venous thromboembolism. The incidence of venous thromboembolism among COVID-19 patients in intensive care units appears to be somewhat higher compared to that reported in other studies including such patients with other disease conditions. D-dimer might help in early recognition of these high-risk patients and also predict outcome. Preliminary data show that in patients with severe COVID-19, anticoagulant therapy appears to be associated with lower mortality in the subpopulation meeting sepsis-induced coagulopathy criteria or with markedly elevated d-dimer. Recent recommendations suggest that all hospitalized COVID-19 patients should receive thromboprophylaxis, or full therapeutic-intensity anticoagulation if such an indication is present."}, {"pmid": 32291502, "pmcid": "PMC7156291", "title": "Evolution of CT findings in patients with mild COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Liang, Ting", "Liu, Zhe", "Wu, Carol C", "Jin, Chao", "Zhao, Huifang", "Wang, Yan", "Wang, Zekun", "Li, Fen", "Zhou, Jie", "Cai, Shubo", "Liang, Yukun", "Zhou, Heping", "Wang, Xibin", "Ren, Zhuanqin", "Yang, Jian"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291502", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To delineate the evolution of CT findings in patients with mild COVID-19 pneumonia. CT images and medical records of 88 patients with confirmed mild COVID-19 pneumonia, a baseline CT, and at least one follow-up CT were retrospectively reviewed. CT features including lobar distribution and presence of ground glass opacities (GGO), consolidation, and linear opacities were analyzed on per-patient basis during each of five time intervals spanning the 3\u00a0weeks after disease onset. Total severity scores were calculated. Of patients, 85.2% had travel history to Wuhan or known contact with infected individuals. The most common symptoms were fever (84.1%) and cough (56.8%). The baseline CT was obtained on average 5\u00a0days from symptom onset. Four patients (4.5%) had negative initial CT. Significant differences were found among the time intervals in the proportion of pulmonary lesions that are (1) pure GGO, (2) mixed attenuation, (3) mixed attenuation with linear opacities, (4) consolidation with linear opacities, and (5) pure consolidation. The majority of patients had involvement of \u2265\u20093 lobes. Bilateral involvement was more prevalent than unilateral involvement. The proportions of patients observed to have pure GGO or GGO and consolidation decreased over time while the proportion of patients with GGO and linear opacities increased. Total severity score showed an increasing trend in the first 2\u00a0weeks. While bilateral GGO are predominant features, CT findings changed during different time intervals in the 3\u00a0weeks after symptom onset in patients with COVID-19. \u2022 Four of 88 (4.5%) patients with COVID-19 had negative initial CT. \u2022 Majority of COVID-19 patients had abnormal CT findings in \u2265\u20093 lobes. \u2022 A proportion of patients with pure ground glass opacities decreased over the 3\u00a0weeks after symptom onset."}, {"pmid": 32221165, "pmcid": "PMC7258751", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Pediatric Department in Milan: A Logistic Rather Than a Clinical Emergency.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Chidini, Giovanna", "Villa, Cristina", "Calderini, Edoardo", "Marchisio, Paola", "De Luca, Daniele"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221165", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516868, "title": "[Public health in the first wave: a research agenda for cooperation under Covid-19].", "journal": "Salud Publica Mex", "authors": ["Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh", "Alpuche-Aranda, Celia", "Lazcano-Ponce, Eduardo", "Perez-Ferrer, Carolina", "Rivera-Dommarco, Juan"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516868", "countries": ["Mexico"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 represents one of the largest challenges in the recent history of public health. It is fundamental that we strengthen scientific cooperation under a common goal: to protect the health of the population. In this article, we present ideas that need urgent and collaborative efforts. We discuss the estimation of the magnitude of the epidemic through a nationwide seroprevalence panel, as well as new strategies to monitor the epidemic in real time. We also analyze the negative externalities associated to the pandemic. Finally, we present a general framework to develop ideas to come out of the lockdown, highlighting the importance of implementing sustainable and equitable structural interventions. We call for solidarity and cooperation, focusing our efforts and creativity in the resolution of the problems that currently affect Mexico and the world."}, {"pmid": 32223068, "title": "Precautionary measures needed for ophthalmologists during pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Wan, Kelvin H", "Huang, Suber S", "Young, Alvin L", "Lam, Dennis Shun Chiu"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223068", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395420, "pmcid": "PMC7212967", "title": "The Challenges Of Urgent Radical Sigmoid Colorectal Cancer Resection In A COVID-19 Patient; A Case Report.", "journal": "Int J Surg Case Rep", "authors": ["Huang, Zhengbin", "Yan, Jijun", "Jin, Tian", "Huang, Xiufang", "Zeng, Guoxiang", "Adashek, Michael L", "Wang, Xinhai", "Li, Jieping", "Zhou, Dan", "Wu, Zhengqi"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395420", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique global health challenge further complicating surgical management of COVID-19 positive patients due to a lack of published literature. Within we discuss a 48-year-old Chinese man, presenting with acute gastrointestinal obstruction due to sigmoid colonic mass. The patient was screened and tested positive for COVID 19 due to his employment in Wuhan, China at the COVID-19 pandemic epicenter. The patient was subsequently taken for open sigmoid colonic resection, however the case presented multiple challenges due to the patient's COVID-19 positive status. The challenges of surgical management of COVID-19 positive patients exist are four-fold. First the unknown efficacy of pre-surgical risk stratification in COVID-19 positive patients, second the risk of aerosolized COVID-19 transmission during intubation for surgery, third the risk of fecal COVID-19 transmission to surgical staff during large bowel resection, and fourth the post-operative challenges of caring for COVID-19 positive patients. Further research is needed into these topics, as well as the medical management of COVID-19 surgical patients."}, {"pmid": 32463329, "title": "Alemtuzumab in multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mild uncomplicated infection despite intense immunosuppression.", "journal": "Mult Scler", "authors": ["Carandini, Tiziana", "Pietroboni, Anna Margherita", "Sacchi, Luca", "De Riz, Milena Alessandra", "Pozzato, Mattia", "Arighi, Andrea", "Fumagalli, Giorgio Giulio", "Martinelli Boneschi, Filippo", "Galimberti, Daniela", "Scarpini, Elio"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463329", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312732, "title": "Covid-19: \"Steady the front line! There is no retreat from here\".", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Muir, Gordon", "Boff, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312732", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346656, "pmcid": "PMC7186133", "title": "Implementation of a Novel Remote Physician SBRT Coverage Process during the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Price, Alex", "Henke, Lauren E", "Maraghechi, Borna", "Kim, Taeho", "Spraker, Matthew B", "Hugo, Geoffrey D", "Robinson, Clifford G", "Knutson, Nels C"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346656", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, alternative methods of care are needed to reduce the relative risk of transmission in departments. Also needed is the ability to provide vital radiation oncological care if radiation oncologists (RO) are reallocated to other departments. We implemented a novel remote RO SBRT coverage practice, requiring it to be reliable, of high audio and visual quality, timely, and the same level of specialty care as our current in-person treatment coverage practice. All observed failure modes were recorded during implementation over the first 15 sequential fractions. The time from CBCT to treatment was calculated before and after implementation to determine timeliness of remote coverage. Image quality metrics were calculated between the imaging console screen and the RO's shared screen. Comfort levels with audio/visual communication as well as overall comfort in comparison to in-person RO coverage was evaluated using Likert scale surveys after treatment. Remote RO SBRT coverage was successfully implemented in 14/15 fractions with 3 observed process failures that were all corrected before treatment. Average times of pre-treatment coverage before and after implementation were 8.74 and 8.51min, respectively. The cross correlation between the imaging console screen and RO's shared screen was r=0.96 and lag was 0.05s. The average value for all survey questions was above 4.5, approaching in-person RO coverage comfort levels. Our novel method of remote RO SBRT coverage permits reduced personnel and patient interactions surrounding RT procedures. This may help to reduce transmission of COVID-19 in our department and provides a means for SBRT coverage if ROs are reallocated to other areas of the hospital for COVID-19 support."}, {"pmid": 32278701, "pmcid": "PMC7194961", "title": "Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Henan, China.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, M", "Zhou, M", "Tang, F", "Wang, Y", "Nie, H", "Zhang, L", "You, G"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278701", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The study analysed healthcare workers' (HCWs) knowledge, practices, and attitudes regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February 4th to February 8th, 2020, involving a total of 1357 HCWs across 10 hospitals in Henan, China. Of those surveyed, 89% of HCWs had sufficient knowledge of COVID-19, more than 85% feared self-infection with the virus, and 89.7% followed correct practices regarding COVID-19. In addition to knowledge level, some risk factors including work experience and job category influenced HCWs' attitudes and practice concerning COVID-19. Measures must be taken to protect HCWs from risks linked to job category, work experience, working hours, educational attainment, and frontline HCWs."}, {"pmid": 32418216, "title": "Children with coronavirus disease 2019: A review of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging features in pediatric patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cui, Xiaojian", "Zhang, Tongqiang", "Zheng, Jiafeng", "Zhang, Jiayi", "Si, Ping", "Xu, Yongsheng", "Guo, Wei", "Liu, Zihui", "Li, Wenliang", "Ma, Jia", "Dong, Cuicui", "Shen, Yongming", "Cai, Chunquan", "He, Sijia"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418216", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with a global spread. With the rapid increase in the number of infections, an increase is observed in the number of children with COVID-19. Most research findings are regarding adult cases, which are not always transferrable to children. Evidence-based studies are still expected to formulate clinical decisions for pediatric patients. In this review, we included 2597 pediatric patients that reported recently and evaluated the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of children with COVID-19. We found that even lymphopenia was the most common lab finding in adults; it infrequently occurred in children (9.8%). Moreover, elevated creatine kinase MB isoenzyme was much more commonly observed in children (27.0%) than that in adults, suggesting that heart injury would be more likely to occur in pediatric patients. Our analysis may contribute to determine the spectrum of disease in children and to develop strategies to control the disease transmission."}, {"pmid": 32295895, "title": "Comparison of Copan ESwab and FLOQSwab for COVID-19 Diagnosis: Working around a Supply Shortage.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Vermeiren, Christie", "Marchand-Senecal, Xavier", "Sheldrake, Elena", "Bulir, David", "Smieja, Marek", "Chong, Sylvia", "Forbes, Jessica D", "Katz, Kevin"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295895", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419755, "pmcid": "PMC7213031", "title": "COVID-19 and Epilepsy.", "journal": "Ann Indian Acad Neurol", "authors": ["Yasri, Sora", "Wiwanikit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419755", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32035431, "title": "Epidemiologic characteristics of early cases with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) disease in Korea.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "authors": ["Ki, Moran"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035431", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In about 20 days since the diagnosis of the first case of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Korea on January 20, 2020, 28 cases have been confirmed. Fifteen patients (53.6%) of them were male and median age of was 42 years (range, 20-73). Of the confirmed cases, 16, 9, and 3 were index (57.2%), first-generation (32.1%), and second-generation (10.7%) cases, respectively. All first-generation and second-generation patients were family members or intimate acquaintances of the index cases with close contacts. Fifteen among 16 index patients had entered Korea from January 19 to 24, 2020 while 1 patient had entered Korea on January 31, 2020. The average incubation period was 3.9 days (median, 3.0), and the reproduction number was estimated as 0.48. Three of the confirmed patients were asymptomatic when they were diagnosed. Epidemiological indicators will be revised with the availability of additional data in the future. Sharing epidemiological information among researchers worldwide is essential for efficient preparation and response in tackling this new infectious disease."}, {"pmid": 32467189, "title": "Surprise Diagnosis of COVID-19 following Neuroimaging Evaluation for Unrelated Reasons during the Pandemic in Hot Spots.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Jain, R", "Young, M", "Dogra, S", "Kennedy, H", "Nguyen, V", "Raz, E"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467189", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the height of the recent outbreak of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) in New York City, almost all the hospital emergency departments were inundated with patients with COVID-19, who presented with typical fever, cough, and dyspnea. A small number of patients also presented with either unrelated conditions (such as trauma) or other emergencies, and some of which are now known to be associated with COVID-19 (such as stroke). We report such a scenario in 17 patients who were admitted and investigated with CT spine imaging and CT angiography for nonpulmonary reasons (trauma\u2009= 13, stroke\u2009= 4). Their initial work-up did not suggest COVID-19 as a diagnosis but showed unsuspected/incidental lung findings, which led to further investigations and a diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32229625, "title": "Neurologic complications of coronavirus infections.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Nath, Avindra"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229625", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402533, "pmcid": "PMC7177060", "title": "Noninvasive mechanical ventilation and COVID-19. Minimizing dispersion.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Hernandez Garces, H", "Belenguer Muncharaz, A", "Zaragoza Crespo, R"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402533", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362503, "pmcid": "PMC7166013", "title": "[Early EMDR defusing in a COVID-19 testing center].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Thepaut, M", "Ferracci, S", "Dormois, I", "Haour, F", "Cazenave, N"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362503", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361800, "pmcid": "PMC7195825", "title": "Routine Screening for HIV in an Urban Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Stanford, Kimberly A", "Friedman, Eleanor E", "Schmitt, Jessica", "Spiegel, Thomas", "Ridgway, Jessica P", "Moore, Michelle", "Taylor, Michelle", "Pitrak, David", "McNulty, Moira C"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361800", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478551, "title": "Considering grief in mental health outcomes of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Bertuccio, Rebecca F", "Runion, Megan C"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478551", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created challenging circumstances for the physical and mental health of individuals across the United States. This commentary addresses the role of grief in mental health outcomes relating to the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32440893, "pmcid": "PMC7241285", "title": "New Method to Reduce COVID-19 Transmission - The Need for Medical Air Disinfection is Now.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Ren, Yue", "Li, Li", "Jia, Yu-Ming"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440893", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374647, "title": "Practical Considerations When Performing Neurodiagnostic Studies on Patients with COVID-19 and Other Highly Virulent Diseases.", "journal": "Neurodiagn J", "authors": ["Haines, Seline", "Caccamo, Amy", "Chan, Fonda", "Galaso, German", "Catinchi, Alexis", "Gupta, Puneet K"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374647", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019, SARS-COV-2 (the cause of COVID-19), has led to a worldwide shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and an increased stress on hospital resources, which has resulted in a spike in the anxiety of the frontline healthcare workers. News reports and information about the virus are rapidly changing. We present a case of a patient with COVID-19 who had a seizure-like spell for which an EEG was performed. In early to mid-March, there were no clear guidelines or recommendations available from neurodiagnostic-related organizations or hospitals on how to adapt procedure workflow to those with COVID-19. When caring for COVID-19 patients, as when caring for any patient with an infectious disease, it is hospital protocol to follow contact, droplet/airborne precautions by wearing appropriate PPE. However, because we knew very little about the coronavirus, this case was different. In this article, we discuss our experience with our EEG workflow and concerns for staff exposure. We then discuss our adaptations and modifications to our standard procedures and protocols. A time analysis comparing our standard EEG protocol with our modified COVID-19 protocol revealed a significant decrease in technologist exposure time (99\u00a0minutes versus 51\u00a0minutes), which theoretically would reduce the chance of virus transmission to our technologist. At this critical moment in time, we hope such modifications will allow us to continue delivering high quality patient care while optimizing resource utilization and above all keeping our technologists safe."}, {"pmid": 32488201, "pmcid": "PMC7264968", "title": "Blood clots and TAM receptor signalling in COVID-19 pathogenesis.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Lemke, Greg", "Silverman, Gregg J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488201", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361801, "pmcid": "PMC7195823", "title": "Assessing HIV-Related Stigma in Healthcare Settings in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Krier, Sarah", "Bozich, Corrine", "Pompa, Robert", "Friedman, M Reuel"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361801", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282041, "pmcid": "PMC7184443", "title": "Nonpharmaceutical interventions and epidemic intensity during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qin, Gang", "Zhang, Lei", "Yu, Cheng-Jun"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282041", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390659, "pmcid": "PMC7206430", "title": "Taking control amidst the chaos: Emotion regulation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vocat Behav", "authors": ["Restubog, Simon Lloyd D", "Ocampo, Anna Carmella G", "Wang, Lu"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390659", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic represents a major global health crisis that continues to threaten public health and safety. Although the pandemic is still unfolding, measures to reduce the spread of the virus have spawned significant challenges to people's current work as well as their careers more generally. In this commentary, we discuss the implications of COVID-19 for maintaining one's psychological well-being and employment security, and also managing family and work responsibilities. We also bring forth evidence from the emotion regulation literature to help mitigate the downstream negative consequences of COVID-19 on people's work lives. Finally, we offer several suggestions for future scholarly investigation into how this pandemic impacts vocational behavior."}, {"pmid": 32522413, "title": "Managing Psoriasis Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations from the Psoriasis Group of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV).", "journal": "Actas Dermosifiliogr", "authors": ["Belinchon, I", "Puig, L", "Ferrandiz, L", "De La Cueva, P", "Carrascosa, J M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522413", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405288, "pmcid": "PMC7219365", "title": "Acute upper limb ischemia in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther", "authors": ["Kaur, Parminder", "Qaqa, Firas", "Ramahi, Amr", "Shamoon, Yezin", "Singhal, Monisha", "Shamoon, Fayez", "Maroules, Michael", "Singh, Balraj"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405288", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection mainly present with upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms, with complications related to cytokine storm syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome. It has also been described to predispose to venous and arterial thromboembolism; however, limited published data is available regarding thrombosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we are presenting a case of arterial thrombosis in a patient with COVID-19 and a systematic review on coagulopathy associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32463086, "title": "Clinical Utility of Buccal Swabs for Sars-Cov-2 Detection in Covid-19-Infected Children.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Kam, Kai-Qian", "Yung, Chee Fu", "Maiwald, Matthias", "Chong, Chia Yin", "Soong, Han Yang", "Loo, Liat Hui", "Tan, Natalie Woon Hui", "Li, Jiahui", "Nadua, Karen Donceras", "Thoon, Koh Cheng"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463086", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 was detected from at least 1 buccal specimen in 9 out of 11 COVID-19-infected children (81.8%). The viral loads in buccal specimens were substantially lower than those in nasopharyngeal specimens. Buccal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 are not good as screening specimens for COVID-19 in children."}, {"pmid": 32347112, "title": "The Effects of the COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Outbreak on Otolaryngology Activity in Italy.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["Ralli, Massimo", "Greco, Antonio", "de Vincentiis, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347112", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic during the first months of 2020 is causing profound changes in worldwide health care systems, resulting in a major reduction of surgical interventions and routine non-urgent outpatient diagnostic procedures. The lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, one of the most affected countries in Europe, is having severe effects on the otolaryngology medical and surgical activities. The main changes are represented by the postponement of outpatient visits and scheduled surgery, while the only guaranteed service is reserved to diagnostics and surgery for oncology and urgent patients. In these cases, given the sites of action typical of the otolaryngology practice, physicians and nurses are exposed to a high risk of contagion through virus aerosol transmission. Furthermore, as the current measures of lockdown continue, it will be difficult to perform scheduled and new diagnostic assessments, medical treatments and surgical procedures in a timely manner favoring the risk of diagnostic and therapeutic delays with severe impact on patients' health."}, {"pmid": 32228738, "pmcid": "PMC7156566", "title": "Mortality Rate of Infection With COVID-19 in Korea From the Perspective of Underlying Disease.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Kang, Yun-Jung"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228738", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019 the China National Health Commission (NHC) reported that an unknown cause of pneumonia had been detected in Wuhan in Hubei province. On February 12, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was given a formal name, COVID-19. On January 20, 2020, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Korea. The age-specific death rate was the highest among patients over 70 years of age, with underlying diseases in their circulatory system, such as myocardial infarction, cerebral infraction, arrythmia, and hypertension. Patients with underlying disease who are 70 years of age or older should recognize that there is a high possibility of developing a serious disease in case of viral infection and follow strict precautions."}, {"pmid": 32234117, "pmcid": "PMC7118340", "title": "Potential short-term outcome of an uncontrolled COVID-19 epidemic in Lombardy, Italy, February to March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Guzzetta, Giorgio", "Poletti, Piero", "Ajelli, Marco", "Trentini, Filippo", "Marziano, Valentina", "Cereda, Danilo", "Tirani, Marcello", "Diurno, Giulio", "Bodina, Annalisa", "Barone, Antonio", "Crottogini, Lucia", "Gramegna, Maria", "Melegaro, Alessia", "Merler, Stefano"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234117", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sustained coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission is ongoing in Italy, with 7,375 reported cases and 366 deaths by 8 March 2020. We provide a model-based evaluation of patient records from Lombardy, predicting the impact of an uncontrolled epidemic on the healthcare system. It has the potential to cause more than 250,039 (95% credible interval (CrI): 147,717-459,890) cases within 3 weeks, including 37,194 (95% CrI: 22,250-67,632) patients requiring intensive care. Aggressive containment strategies are required."}, {"pmid": 32420932, "title": "Proximal femur fractures in COVID-19 emergency: the experience of two Orthopedics and Traumatology Departments in the first eight weeks of the Italian epidemic.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Maniscalco, Pietro", "Poggiali, Erika", "Quattrini, Fabrizio", "Ciatti, Corrado", "Magnacavallo, Andrea", "Vercelli, Andrea", "Domenichini, Marco", "Vaienti, Enrico", "Pogliacomi, Francesco", "Ceccarelli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420932", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "CoVID-19 (Coronavirus disease) is a worldwide infection which is causing millions of deaths. A significant number of elderly patients require hospitalization and develop serious and sometimes life-threatening complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the preliminary impact (8 weeks) of CoVID-19, focusing on proximal femur fractures, analyzing data and results compared to the same period of 2019. From February 22nd to April 18th, 2020 we surgically treated 121 proximal femur fractures (61 in Piacenza; 60 in Parma, 16 male, 44 female, mean age 81.1). In the same period of 2019, we treated 169 proximal femur fractures (90 in Piacenza, 33 male, 57 female, mean age 81.9; 79 in Parma, 29 males, 50 female, mean age 80.2). We had 21/61 (34.4%) patients resulted positive for COVID-19 and 11/61 in Parma (18.3%), based on nasal-pharyngeal swab, chest CT scan and/or lung US findings. The incidence of proximal femur fractures had a significant reduction during CoVID-19 spread in Piacenza and Parma. Authors have noticed an elevated number of deaths within 21 days after surgery. Piacenza: 4 cases in 2019 (4.4%) and 11 in 2020 (18.0%), of which 9 cases CoVID positive. In Parma in 2019 two deaths were encountered; in 2020 6 patients died and 5 cases were CoVID positive. In the first two months of the Italian epidemic, in the cities of Piacenza and Parma over 80% of deaths have occurred in patients over 70 years old. Even if preliminary, our study shows a significant increase in death in elderly patients surgically treated for proximal femur fractures, particularly in the Piacenza Hospital."}, {"pmid": 32413448, "pmcid": "PMC7252068", "title": "COVID-19 and its impact on medical student education in dermatology.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Loh, Tiffany Y", "Hsiao, Jennifer L", "Shi, Vivian Y"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413448", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265065, "pmcid": "PMC7102516", "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A primer for emergency physicians.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Chavez, Summer", "Long, Brit", "Koyfman, Alex", "Liang, Stephen Y"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265065", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid worldwide spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global pandemic. This review article provides emergency physicians with an overview of the most current understanding of COVID-19 and recommendations on the evaluation and management of patients with suspected COVID-19. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for causing COVID-19, is primarily transmitted from person-to-person through close contact (approximately 6\u00a0ft) by respiratory droplets. Symptoms of COVID-19 are similar to other viral upper respiratory illnesses. Three major trajectories include mild disease with upper respiratory symptoms, non-severe pneumonia, and severe pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Emergency physicians should focus on identifying patients at risk, isolating suspected patients, and informing hospital infection prevention and public health authorities. Patients with suspected COVID-19 should be asked to wear a facemask. Respiratory etiquette, hand washing, and personal protective equipment are recommended for all healthcare personnel caring for suspected cases. Disposition depends on patient symptoms, hemodynamic status, and patient ability to self-quarantine. This narrative review provides clinicians with an updated approach to the evaluation and management of patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32352933, "pmcid": "PMC7259521", "title": "Characteristics and diagnosis rate of 5630 subjects receiving SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JCI Insight", "authors": ["Shen, Na", "Zhu, Yaowu", "Wang, Xiong", "Peng, Jing", "Liu, Weiyong", "Wang, Feng", "Lu, Yanjun", "Cheng, Liming", "Sun, Ziyong"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352933", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUNDThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a novel viral pneumonia (COVID-19), which is rapidly spreading throughout the world. The positive result of nucleic acid test is a golden criterion to confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the detection features remain unclear.METHODSWe performed a retrospective analysis in 5630 high-risk individuals receiving SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests in Wuhan, China, and investigated their characteristics and diagnosis rates.RESULTSThe overall diagnosis rate was 34.7% (1952/5630). Male (P = 0.025) and older populations (P = 2.525 \u00d7 10-39) were at significantly higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. People were generally susceptible, and most cases concentrated in people of 30-79 years. Furthermore, we investigated the association between diagnosis rate and the amount of testing in 501 subjects. Results revealed a 1.27-fold improvement (from 27.9% to 35.5%) of diagnosis rate from testing once to twice (P = 5.847 \u00d7 10-9) and a 1.43-fold improvement (from 27.9% to 39.9%) from testing once to 3 times (P = 7.797 \u00d7 10-14). More than 3 testing administrations was not helpful for further improvement. However, this improvement was not observed in subjects with pneumonia (P = 0.097).CONCLUSIONAll populations are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and male and older-aged populations are at significantly higher risk. Increasing the amount of testing could significantly improve diagnosis rates, except for subjects with pneumonia. It is recommended to test twice in those high-risk individuals whose results are negative the first time, and performing 3 tests is better, if possible.FUNDINGThis work was supported by National Mega Project on Major Infectious Disease Prevention (no. 2017ZX10103005-007) and National Key Research and Development Program of China (no. 2018YFE0204500)."}, {"pmid": 32437822, "pmcid": "PMC7211584", "title": "Knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers among healthcare professionals regarding COVID-19: A Cross-sectional survey from Pakistan.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Saqlain, Muhmmad", "Munir, Muhammad Muddasir", "Rehman, Saif Ur", "Gulzar, Aqsa", "Naz, Sahar", "Ahmed, Zaheer", "Tahir, Azhar Hussain", "Mashhood, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437822", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A self-administered validated (Cronbach alpha= 0.077) questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitude and practice among HCPs in Pakistan regarding COVID-19. Findings showed HCPs had good knowledge (93.2%, n=386), positive attitude (8.43\u00b11.78) and good practice (88.7%, n=367) regarding COVID-19. HCPs perceived that limited infection control material (50.7%, n=210) and poor knowledge regarding transmission (40.6%, n=168) are the major barriers in infection control practice. Regression analysis indicated pharmacist role (OR: 2.247, 95% CI: 1.11-4.55, P=0.025) was the substantial determinant of good practice. HCPs in Pakistan have good knowledge, yet, there were areas where gaps in knowledge and practice were observed."}, {"pmid": 32441783, "title": "A rationale for targeting the P2X7 receptor in Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19).", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Di Virgilio, Francesco", "Tang, Yong", "Sarti, Alba Clara", "Rossato, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441783", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe pneumonia which shares several of the features of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) for which as of now there is no effective treatment. ARDS is caused and sustained by an uncontrolled inflammatory activation characterized by a massive release of cytokines (cytokine storm), diffuse lung edema, inflammatory cell infiltraton and disseminated coagulation. Macrophage and T lymphocyte dysfunction plays a central role in this syndrome. In several experimental in vitro and in vivo models, many of these pathophysiological changes are triggered by stimulation of the P2X7 receptor. We hypothesize that this receptor might be an ideal candidate to target in Covid-19-associated severe pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32441496, "title": "The Use of \"Novel Pharmacology\" in the Treatment of COVID-19 and Potential Psychiatric Risks.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Yahya, Ahmed Saeed", "Khawaja, Shakil", "Chukwuma, Jude"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441496", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417144, "pmcid": "PMC7205682", "title": "Active smoking and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The use of significance testing leads to an erroneous conclusion.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Lo, Ernest", "Lasnier, Benoit"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417144", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510719, "title": "Intramatricial methotrexate for treatment of resistant acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau: an alterative in Covid-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Jindal, Anuradha", "Ramesh, Sandhiya", "Noronha, Malcom", "Pai, Kantilatha", "Pai, Sathish"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510719", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494855, "pmcid": "PMC7268187", "title": "Mild COVID-19 symptoms despite treatment with teriflunomide and high-dose methylprednisolone due to multiple sclerosis relapse.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Mohn, Nora", "Saker, Firas", "Bonda, Viktoria", "Respondek, Gesine", "Bachmann, Marcus", "Stoll, Matthias", "Wattjes, Mike P", "Stangel, Martin", "Skripuletz, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494855", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304928, "pmcid": "PMC7152880", "title": "When basic supplies are missing, what to do? Specific demands of the local street population in times of coronavirus - a concern of social psychiatry.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim", "de Souza, Ricardo Inacio", "Quezado, Rosa Magda Martins", "Mendonca, Elayne Cristina Santos", "de Araujo, Tallys Iury", "Luz, Dayse Christina Rodrigues Pereira", "de Santana, Willma Jose", "Sampaio, Juliana Ribeiro Francelino", "Carvalho, Poliana Moreira de Medeiros", "Arrais, Tereza Maria Siqueira Nascimento", "Landim, Jose Marcondes Macedo", "da Silva, Claudio Gleideston Lima"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304928", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Homeless experts and some federal housing officials are sounding the alarm that the patchwork of government efforts to address the coronavirus outbreak risks leaving out one group of acutely vulnerable people: the homeless. In terms of isolation, it is too unclear what that looks like if you normally sleep on the streets. In this tough moment, when people should be turned away, not only it feels inhumane, but it is also a big public health risk, because where are they going to go? The studies were identified using large-sized newspapers with international circulation RESULTS: With more cities suspecting community transmission of the novel coronavirus, people who sleep in shelters or hunker down outside already have a lower life expectancy and often have underlying health conditions that put them at greater risk if they develop COVID-19 (Global News, 2020). These people face lack of sleep, malnutrition, and \"extreme stress levels just to meet their daily needs\", all of which weakens the immune system. Along with mental illness or substance abuse disorders, they are \"incredibly vulnerable to this virus\". Health organizations are well aware of the risks involved in mental health. A large population of homeless people experience their pain and psychological distress intermittently. For low-income patients, the various borderline situations related to health/illness involve growing expectations regarding the basic needs. This is a serious concern when linked to the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32017984, "pmcid": "PMC7102556", "title": "Measures for diagnosing and treating infections by a novel coronavirus responsible for a pneumonia outbreak originating in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Yu, Fei", "Du, Lanying", "Ojcius, David M", "Pan, Chungen", "Jiang, Shibo"], "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32017984", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 10 January 2020, a new coronavirus causing a pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan City in central China was denoted as 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO). As of 24 January 2020, there were 887 confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV infection, including 26 deaths, reported in China and other countries. Therefore, combating this new virus and stopping the epidemic is a matter of urgency. Here, we focus on advances in research and development of fast diagnosis methods, as well as potential prophylactics and therapeutics to prevent or treat 2019-nCoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32122113, "title": "[Thinking on Clinical rational use of TCM injection in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Z F", "Wang, Y P", "Zhang, H M", "Fan, Y P", "Lu, C", "Wang, Y Y"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122113", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305024, "pmcid": "PMC7195043", "title": "Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Vaishya, Raju", "Javaid, Mohd", "Khan, Ibrahim Haleem", "Haleem, Abid"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305024", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare delivery requires the support of new technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data and Machine Learning to fight and look ahead against the new diseases. We aim to review the role of AI as a decisive technology to analyze, prepare us for prevention and fight with COVID-19 (Coronavirus) and other pandemics. The rapid review of the literature is done on the database of Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar using the keyword of COVID-19 or Coronavirus and Artificial Intelligence or AI. Collected the latest information regarding AI for COVID-19, then analyzed the same to identify its possible application for this disease. We have identified seven significant applications of AI for COVID-19 pandemic. This technology plays an important role to detect the cluster of cases and to predict where this virus will affect in future by collecting and analyzing all previous data. Healthcare organizations are in an urgent need for decision-making technologies to handle this virus and help them in getting proper suggestions in real-time to avoid its spread. AI works in a proficient way to mimic like human intelligence. It may also play a vital role in understanding and suggesting the development of a vaccine for COVID-19. This result-driven technology is used for proper screening, analyzing, prediction and tracking of current patients and likely future patients. The significant applications are applied to tracks data of confirmed, recovered and death cases."}, {"pmid": 32270592, "pmcid": "PMC7262135", "title": "Clinical characteristics of a case series of children with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Zhu, Li", "Wang, Jian", "Huang, Rui", "Liu, Longgen", "Zhao, Haiyan", "Wu, Chao", "Zhu, Chuanwu"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270592", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We reported the clinical characteristics of a case series of 10 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) aged from 1 year to 18 years. Seven patients had contact with confirmed COVID-19 family members before onset. Fever (4 [40.0%]) and cough (3 [30.0%]) were the most common symptoms. No patient showed leucopenia and lymphopenia on admission. Pneumonia was observed in chest CT images in 5 (50.0%) patients. Five (50.0%) patients received antiviral treatment. No patient had severe complications or developed a severe illness in our study. Our study indicated that COVID-19 children present less severe symptoms and have better outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32516107, "title": "Pleural Effusion as a Sign of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Case Report.", "journal": "Infect Disord Drug Targets", "authors": ["Ahmadinejad, Zahra", "Salahshour, Faeze", "Dadras, Omid", "Rezaei, Hesan", "Alinaghi, SyyedAhmad"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516107", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, COVID-19 infection has become a public health concern. On March 12th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced it as a global pandemic. Early diagnosis of atypical cases of COVID-19 infection is critical in reducing the transmission and controlling the present pandemic. In the present report, we described a patient with the chief complaints of dyspnea and dry cough referred to the oncology center at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran with the differential diagnosis of lung cancer who was diagnosed and treated for COVID-19 infection in follow up. A 59-year-old patient complained of fever, dry cough, and dyspnea from two weeks ago. The patient had been referred to this center with the differential diagnosis of lung cancer due to the massive pleural effusion in initial chest CT scan. Dyspnea was the patient's main complaint at the time of admission in this center and the oxygen saturation was 84%. In the new chest CT scan, similar findings were observed. Due to the severe respiratory distress, a chest tube was placed in the chest cavity to remove the pleural effusion fluid on day one. The patient's felt relieved immediately after the procedure; however, the oxygen saturation did not raise above 85% despite the oxygen therapy. The cytology of pleural fluid was negative for malignant cells. On day 2, the lymphopenia and high level of CRP suggested the COVID-19 infection. Therefore, a control chest CT scan was conducted and the test for COVID-19 was performed. The CT report indicated the clear pattern of COVID-19's lung involvement in the absence of pleural effusion. Thus, the treatment for COVID-19 was immediately initiated. On day 4, the test reported positive for COVID-19. Currently, it is important to bear in mind the COVID-19 infection in evaluating the patients with respiratory symptoms. This report indicated how misleading the presentation of chest CT scan could be in clinical judgment. Therefore, we recommend ruling out the COVID-19 infection in all the patients with any pattern of lung involvement to avoid missing the potential cases of this vicious infection."}, {"pmid": 32388486, "pmcid": "PMC7194064", "title": "Light as a potential treatment for pandemic coronavirus infections: A perspective.", "journal": "J Photochem Photobiol B", "authors": ["Enwemeka, Chukuka Samuel", "Bumah, Violet Vakunseh", "Masson-Meyers, Daniela Santos"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388486", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of COVID-19, which continues to ravage communities with high death tolls and untold psychosocial and catastrophic economic consequences, is a vivid reminder of nature's capacity to defy contemporary healthcare. The pandemic calls for rapid mobilization of every potential clinical tool, including phototherapy-one of the most effective treatments used to reduce the impact of the 1918 \"Spanish influenza\" pandemic. This paper cites several studies showing that phototherapy has immense potential to reduce the impact of coronavirus diseases, and offers suggested ways that the healthcare industry can integrate modern light technologies in the fight against COVID-19 and other infections. The evidence shows that violet/blue (400-470\u00a0nm) light is antimicrobial against numerous bacteria, and that it accounts for Niels Ryberg Finsen's Nobel-winning treatment of tuberculosis. Further evidence shows that blue light inactivates several viruses, including the common flu coronavirus, and that in experimental animals, red and near infrared light reduce respiratory disorders, similar to those complications associated with coronavirus infection. Moreover, in patients, red light has been shown to alleviate chronic obstructive lung disease and bronchial asthma. These findings call for urgent efforts to further explore the clinical value of light, and not wait for another pandemic to serve as a reminder. The ubiquity of inexpensive light emitting lasers and light emitting diodes (LEDs), makes it relatively easy to develop safe low-cost light-based devices with the potential to reduce infections, sanitize equipment, hospital facilities, emergency care vehicles, homes, and the general environment as pilot studies have shown."}, {"pmid": 32420708, "title": "Computed tomography changes in lungs of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Rogalska-Plonska, Magdalena", "Kuzmicz, Andrzej", "Lapinski, Tadeusz Wojciech", "Flisiak, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420708", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384412, "title": "Preparedness and Best Practice in Radiology Department for COVID-19 and Other Future Pandemics of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Wan, Yung-Liang", "Schoepf, U Joseph", "Wu, Carol C", "Giovagnoli, Dominic P", "Wu, Ming-Ting", "Hsu, Hsian-He", "Chang, Yeun-Chung", "Yang, Cheng-Ta", "Cherng, Wen-Jin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384412", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented health care crisis. To reduce risks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission in the Radiology Department, this article describes measures to increase the preparedness of Radiology Department, such as careful screening of staff and patients, thorough disinfection of equipments and rooms, appropriate use of personal protection equipment, and early isolation of patients with incidentally detected computed tomography findings suspicious for COVID-19. The familiarity of radiologists with clinical and imaging manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia and their prognostic implications is essential to provide optimal care to patients."}, {"pmid": 32525568, "title": "Covid-19: A Perspective on Africa's Capacity and Response.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Dzinamarira, Tafadzwa", "Dzobo, Mathias", "Chitungo, Itai"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525568", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Global powerhouses with tried and tested health systems have struggled to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. One is left to wonder what will be left of Africa, the second most populous continent after Asia, which is torn by civil wars, hunger, and diseases like AIDS and TB and, in recent years, the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). The majority of countries' health systems, already dependent on donor aid, are ill-equipped and under-resourced to deal with the raging pandemic. There is a lack of isolation and intensive care infrastructure, ventilators, and financial resources to bankroll the fight against COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is some cause for optimism, for example, in West Africa where infrastructure like diagnostic testing facilities, intensive care units, surveillance, and systems for reporting emergencies used during the EVD outbreak of 2013-2016 can be leveraged to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, a number of African countries have responded swiftly by activating the necessary political and financial tools to combat the pandemic. Technical support from continental bodies like the Africa Centres for Disease Control and global development partners has improved the capacity of the continent to handle the pandemic. In this article, the authors unpack, review, and share a perspective on Africa's capacity to contain and control the COVID-19 pandemic and review the current response. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32358853, "pmcid": "PMC7267245", "title": "Endoscopic skull base and transoral surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: Minimizing droplet spread with negative-pressure otolaryngology viral isolation drape.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["David, Abel P", "Jiam, Nicole T", "Reither, Joshua M", "Gurrola, Jose G 2nd", "Aghi, Manish K", "El-Sayed, Ivan H"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358853", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has raised concern of transmission of infectious organisms through aerosols formation in endonasal and transoral surgery. Retrospective review. We introduce the negative-pressure otolaryngology viral isolation drape (NOVID) system to reduce the risk of aerosol. NOVID consists of a plastic drape suspended above the patient's head and surgical field with a smoke evacuator suction placed inside the chamber. Four patients underwent endonasal (4) and endo-oral surgery (1). Fluorescein was applied to the surgical field. Black light examination of fluorescein-treated operative fields revealed minimal contamination distant to the surgical field. In two prolonged cases with high-speed drilling, droplets were identified under the barrier and on the tip of the smoke evacuator. Instruments and cottonoids appeared to be a greater contributor to field contamination. Negative-pressure aspiration of air under a chamber barrier, which appears to successfully keep aerosol and droplet contamination to a minimum."}, {"pmid": 32314951, "title": "Opioid use disorder and the COVID 19 pandemic: A call to sustain regulatory easements and further expand access to treatment.", "journal": "Subst Abus", "authors": ["Green, Traci C", "Bratberg, Jeffrey", "Finnell, Deborah S"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314951", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We highlight the critical roles that pharmacists have related to sustaining and advancing the changes being made in the face of the current COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that patients have more seamless and less complex access to treatment. Discussed herein is how the current COVID-19 pandemic is impacting persons with substance use disorders, barriers that persist, and the opportunities that arise as regulations around treatments for this population are eased."}, {"pmid": 32466106, "title": "Covid-19 and the Subsequent Lockdown Modified Dietary Habits of Almost Half the Population in an Italian Sample.", "journal": "Foods", "authors": ["Scarmozzino, Federico", "Visioli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466106", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic led to lockdowns in several parts of the world and, hence, changed some daily habits, including social interactions, the ability to perform sports, and-possibly-diet. The Italian government established and promulgated lockdown policies on 9 March 2020. We aim at assessing the effects of Covid-19-induced confinement policies on self-reported food consumption of self-selected Italians by means of a questionnaire that was created and diffused by the Internet. Nearly half, i.e., 49.6% of responders did not substantially modify their diet during the lockdown; however, 46.1% of them reported that they were eating more during confinement, and 19.5% gained weight. In particular, we report an increase in \"comfort food\" consumption, notably chocolate, ice-cream, and desserts (42.5%) and salty snacks (23.5%). In addition, 42.7% percent of this cohort attributed this increase to higher anxiety levels. Related to this, 36.8% of responders reported a decrease in alcohol consumption, even though 10.1% of them reported an increase. Interestingly, 21.2% of responders increased their consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables. Only 33.5% of those who declared decreased consumption attributed this change of diet to lower availability and ease of purchasing such items. Equally interesting, over half of responders, i.e., 56.2%, admitted that fruit and vegetables did not appeal to them while in lockdown. Purchases of ready-made meals were reduced by nearly 50%. Future large-scale similar studies should be undertaken worldwide and will help public health authorities shape their reactions to future, unavoidable pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32459190, "title": "Low levels of total and ionized calcium in blood of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Cappellini, Fabrizio", "Brivio, Rinaldo", "Casati, Marco", "Cavallero, Annalisa", "Contro, Ernesto", "Brambilla, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459190", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523139, "title": "Recommendations for the care of patients with heart failure and COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Cigarroa-Lopez, Jose A", "Magana-Serrano, Jose A", "Alvarez-Sangabriel, Amada", "Ruiz-Ruiz, Vicente", "Chavez-Mendoza, Adolfo", "Mendez-Ortiz, Arturo", "Leon-Gonzalez, Salvador", "Guizar-Sanchez, Carlos", "Gutierrez-Fajardo, Pedro", "Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523139", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic decreed by the World Health Organization (WHO) since March 12, 2020 is wreaking havoc globally and it is a true economic, social and health challenge. Although the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are respiratory symptoms, some patients also have cardiological symptoms. Among patients with cardiological conditions2 they represent a group of higher risk and, in fact, they are a particularly vulnerable group, due to their higher risk of contagion and greater severity in case of acquiring the disease1 those with heart failure (HF), including heart transplant (CT) and ventricular assists, as well as patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). HF is the main chronic cardiovascular disease and patients in this group are the most vulnerable for the development of more serious clinical symptoms after suffering the infection, and to a greater extent cases with advanced HF3. In fact, HF is one of the most frequent complications in patients with COVID-194. Likewise, transplant patients who require immunosuppressants to avoid graft rejection, constitute a population especially susceptible to infection and to develop more serious processes. This situation has made the National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico (ANCAM) and the Mexican Society of Cardiology (SMC) together with their respective chapters, have prepared the following recommendations for medical personnel, who participate in the care of this special group of patients in the different clinical settings, who suffer or not, of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32324621, "title": "Adapting to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Escalon, Miguel X", "Herrera, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324621", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has and continues to overwhelm the medical establishment in New York City. It has moved faster and had rates of mortality higher than what were initially forecast. All departments within large hospital systems have had to learn lessons and adapt in real time to the crisis. We share our experience and what we have learned as it pertains to this pandemic and hope that it aides, guides and influences other departments of physical medicine and rehabilitation regarding their potential roles and areas of growth during this time."}, {"pmid": 32387796, "pmcid": "PMC7190468", "title": "Implementation of quarantine in China during the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Kang, Chuanyuan", "Meng, Fu", "Feng, Qiang", "Yuan, Jing", "Liu, Liang", "Xu, Li", "Yang, Shuran", "Wei, Yujun", "Zhao, Xudong", "Yang, Jianzhong"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387796", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467004, "pmcid": "PMC7211679", "title": "COVID-19: What's next?", "journal": "Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Diaz Tasende, Jose"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467004", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437003, "title": "COVID-19 suspicion and diagnosis: Are we still chasing epidemiological criteria?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Tartaglione, Marco", "Gamberini, Lorenzo", "Semeraro, Federico", "Lupi, Cristian", "Coniglio, Carlo", "Gordini, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437003", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32124506, "pmcid": "PMC7159322", "title": "Hospital Emergency Management Plan During the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Cao, Yubin", "Li, Qin", "Chen, Jing", "Guo, Xia", "Miao, Cheng", "Yang, Hui", "Chen, Zihang", "Li, Chunjie", "Li, Longjiang"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32124506", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437032, "title": "Care in the time of coronavirus: Ethical considerations in head and neck oncology.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Gordin, Eli A", "Day, Andrew", "Stankova, Lenka", "Heitman, Elizabeth", "Sadler, John"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437032", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 continues to challenge the practice of head and neck oncology, clinicians are forced to make new decisions in the setting of the pandemic that impact the safety of their patients, their institutions, and themselves. The difficulty inherent in these decisions is compounded by potentially serious ramifications to the welfare of patients and health-care staff, amid a scarcity of data on which to base informed choices. This paper explores the risks of COVID-19 incurred while striving to uphold the standard of care in head and neck oncology. The ethical problems are assessed from the perspective of the patient with cancer, health-care provider, and other patients within the health-care system. While no single management algorithm for head and neck cancer can be universally implemented, a detailed examination of these issues is necessary to formulate ethically sound treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32444393, "title": "Clinical Features of Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Wu, Jun", "Li, Jushuang", "Zhu, Geli", "Zhang, Yanxia", "Bi, Zhimin", "Yu, Yean", "Huang, Bo", "Fu, Shouzhi", "Tan, Yiqing", "Sun, Jianbin", "Li, Xiangyou"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444393", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous reports on the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 were on the basis of data from the general population. Our study aimed to investigate the clinical features of patients on maintenance hemodialysis. In this retrospective, single-center study, we included 49 hospitalized patients on maintenance hemodialysis and 52 hospitalized patients without kidney failure (controls) with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 at Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University from January 30, 2020 to March 10, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic characteristics and treatment and outcomes data were analyzed. The final date of follow-up was March 19, 2020. The median age of 101 patients was 62 years (interquartile range, 49-72). All patients were local residents of Wuhan. In terms of common symptoms, there were differences between patients on hemodialysis and controls (fatigue [59% versus 83%], dry cough [49% versus 71%], and fever [47% versus 90%]). Lymphocyte counts were decreased (0.8\u00d7109/L [patients on hemodialysis] versus 0.9\u00d7109/L [controls], P=0.02). Comparing patients on hemodialysis with controls, creatine kinase-muscle and brain type, myoglobin, hypersensitive troponin I, B-type natriuretic peptide, and procalcitonin were increased, and the percentage of abnormalities in bilateral lung was higher in computed tomographic scan (82% versus 69%, P=0.15) and unilateral lung was lower (10% versus 27%, P=0.03). Common complications including shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, arrhythmia, and acute cardiac injury in patients on hemodialysis were significantly higher. Compared with controls, more patients on hemodialysis received noninvasive ventilation (25% versus 6%, P=0.008). As of March 19, 2020, three patients on hemodialysis (6%) were transferred to the intensive care unit and received invasive ventilation. Seven patients on hemodialysis (14%) had died. The main symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia, including fever and cough, were less common in patients on hemodialysis. Patients on hemodialysis with coronavirus disease 2019 were at higher risk of death."}, {"pmid": 32434095, "pmcid": "PMC7219409", "title": "Binge watching behavior during COVID 19 pandemic: A cross-sectional, cross-national online survey.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Dixit, Ayushi", "Marthoenis, Marthoenis", "Arafat, S M Yasir", "Sharma, Pawan", "Kar, Sujita Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434095", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278365, "pmcid": "PMC7146704", "title": "Delayed access or provision of care in Italy resulting from fear of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Lazzerini, Marzia", "Barbi, Egidio", "Apicella, Andrea", "Marchetti, Federico", "Cardinale, Fabio", "Trobia, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278365", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445691, "pmcid": "PMC7239628", "title": "COVID-19 effect on mental health: patients and workforce.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Pereira-Sanchez, Victor", "Adiukwu, Frances", "El Hayek, Samer", "Bytyci, Drita Gashi", "Gonzalez-Diaz, Jairo M", "Kundadak, Ganesh Kudva", "Larnaout, Amine", "Nofal, Marwa", "Orsolini, Laura", "Ramalho, Rodrigo", "Ransing, Ramdas", "Shalbafan, Mohammadreza", "Soler-Vidal, Joan", "Syarif, Zulvia", "Teixeira, Andre Luiz Schuh", "da Costa, Mariana Pinto"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445691", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297942, "pmcid": "PMC7184366", "title": "Reducing onward spread of COVID-19 from imported cases: quarantine and 'stay at home' measures for travellers and returning residents to Singapore.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Chiew, Calvin J", "Li, Zongbin", "Lee, Vernon J"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297942", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32156101, "pmcid": "PMC7237269", "title": "Development of a Laboratory-safe and Low-cost Detection Protocol for SARS-CoV-2 of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Exp Neurobiol", "authors": ["Won, Joungha", "Lee, Solji", "Park, Myungsun", "Kim, Tai Young", "Park, Mingu Gordon", "Choi, Byung Yoon", "Kim, Dongwan", "Chang, Hyeshik", "Kim, V Narry", "Lee, C Justin"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156101", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly to over a dozen countries. Especially, the spike of case numbers in South Korea sparks pandemic worries. This virus is reported to spread mainly through person-to-person contact via respiratory droplets generated by coughing and sneezing, or possibly through surface contaminated by people coughing or sneezing on them. More critically, there have been reports about the possibility of this virus to transmit even before a virus-carrying person to show symptoms. Therefore, a low-cost, easy-access protocol for early detection of this virus is desperately needed. Here, we have established a real-time reverse-transcription PCR (rtPCR)-based assay protocol composed of easy specimen self-collection from a subject via pharyngeal swab, Trizol-based RNA purification, and SYBR Green-based rtPCR. This protocol shows an accuracy and sensitivity limit of 1-10 virus particles as we tested with a known lentivirus. The cost for each sample is estimated to be less than 15 US dollars. Overall time it takes for an entire protocol is estimated to be less than 4 hours. We propose a cost-effective, quick-and-easy method for early detection of SARS-CoV-2 at any conventional Biosafety Level II laboratories that are equipped with a rtPCR machine. Our newly developed protocol should be helpful for a first-hand screening of the asymptomatic virus-carriers for further prevention of transmission and early intervention and treatment for the rapidly propagating virus."}, {"pmid": 32283512, "pmcid": "PMC7139243", "title": "Mental health of medical workers in Pakistan during the pandemic COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Rana, Waleed", "Mukhtar, Sonia", "Mukhtar, Shamim"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283512", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442684, "pmcid": "PMC7235570", "title": "Cancer surgery during the Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Alimoglu, Orhan", "Erol, Cem Ilgin", "Kilic, Furkan", "Baysal, Hakan"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442684", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (Covid-19), which has spread rapidly all over the world after its appearance in December 2019, soon became a pandemic. In many places struck by the epidemic, clinical branches have prepared new guidelines for approaching the management of the disease in their area during the pandemic. Surgeons have also delayed elective surgeries. The first case of Covid-19 in Turkey was detected on March 10, 2020. After this date, 39 patients with a diagnosis of cancer were operated on in our clinic. In this study, we wanted to reveal the results of the cancer surgeries that we have performed during this period."}, {"pmid": 32174069, "pmcid": "PMC7073313", "title": "Report on the Epidemiological Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in the Republic of Korea from January 19 to March 2, 2020.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174069", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first case of coronavirus disease19 (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China, as of March 2, 2020, the total number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 was 89,069 cases in 67 countries and regions. As of 0 am, March 2, 2020, the Republic of Korea had the second-largest number of confirmed cases (n = 4,212) after China (n = 80,026). This report summarizes the epidemiologic features and the snapshots of the outbreak in the Republic of Korea from January 19 and March 2, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32418297, "title": "Radiotherapy for pain relief from bone metastases during Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Pain", "authors": ["Rinaldi, Carla Germana", "Ippolito, Edy", "Greco, Carlo", "Matteucci, Paolo", "D'Angelillo, Rolando Maria", "Ramella, Sara"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418297", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32157235, "title": "COVID-19: time for WHO to reconsider its stance towards Taiwan.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Nelson, Chase W"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157235", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32061312, "pmcid": "PMC7134552", "title": "First imported case of 2019 novel coronavirus in Canada, presenting as mild pneumonia.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Silverstein, William Kyle", "Stroud, Lynfa", "Cleghorn, Graham Edward", "Leis, Jerome Allen"], "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061312", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285689, "title": "Managing bioanalytical studies during the COVID-19 pandemic: an overview.", "journal": "Bioanalysis", "authors": ["Pruim, Peter", "Teekamp, Naomi"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285689", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269064, "title": "Possible Consequences of a Shortage of Hydroxychloroquine for Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Peschken, Christine A"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269064", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518882, "pmcid": "PMC7270648", "title": "Canada needs to rapidly escalate public health interventions for its COVID-19 mitigation strategies.", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Scarabel, Francesca", "Pellis, Lorenzo", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Wu, Jianhong"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518882", "countries": ["Italy", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the declaration of COVID-19 pandemic on March 11th, 2020, local transmission chains starting in different countries including Canada are forcing governments to take decisions on public health interventions to mitigate the spread of the epidemic. We conduct data-driven and model-free estimations for the growth rates of the COVID-19 epidemics in Italy and Canada, by fitting an exponential curve to the daily reported cases. We use these estimates to predict epidemic trends in Canada under different scenarios of public health interventions. In Italy, the initial growth rate (0.22) has reduced to 0.1 two weeks after the lockdown of the country on March 8th, 2020. This corresponds to an increase of the doubling time from about 3.15 to almost 7 days. In comparison, the growth rate in Canada has increased from 0.13 between March 1st and 13th, to 0.25 between March 13th to 22nd. This current growth rate corresponds to a doubling time of 2.7 days, and therefore, unless further public health interventions are escalated in Canada, we project 15,000 cases by March 31st. However, the case number may be reduced to 4000 if escalated public health interventions could instantly reduce the growth rate to 0.1, the same level achieved in Italy. Prompt and farsighted interventions are critical to counteract the very rapid initial growth of the COVID-19 epidemic in Canada. Mitigation plans must take into account the delayed effect of interventions by up to 2-weeks and the short doubling time of 3-4 days."}, {"pmid": 32415424, "pmcid": "PMC7226717", "title": "Religion and Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Relig Health", "authors": ["Hart, Curtis W", "Koenig, Harold G"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415424", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329877, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 causing pneumonia-associated respiratory disorder (COVID-19): diagnostic and proposed therapeutic options.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Chakraborty, C", "Sharma, A R", "Sharma, G", "Bhattacharya, M", "Lee, S S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329877", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the outbreak of severe respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Wuhan City, China and is now spreading rapidly throughout the world. The prompt outbreak of COVID-19 and its quick spread without any controllable measure defines the severity of the situation. In this crisis, a collective pool of knowledge about the advancement of clinical diagnostic and management for COVID-19 is a prerequisite. Here, we summarize all the available updates on the multidisciplinary approaches for the advancement of diagnosis and proposed therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. Moreover, the review discusses different aspects of the COVID-19, including its epidemiology; incubation period; the general clinical features of patients; the clinical features of intensive care unit (ICU) patients; SARS-CoV-2 infection in the presence of co-morbid diseases and the clinical features of pediatric patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2. Advances in various diagnostic approaches, such as the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), chest radiography, and computed tomography (CT) imaging; and other modern diagnostic methods, for this infection have been highlighted. However, due to the unavailability of adequate evidence, presently there are no officially approved drugs or vaccines available against SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we have discussed various therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 under different categories, like the possible treatment plans with drug (antiviral drugs and anti-cytokines) therapy for disease prevention. Lastly, potentials candidates for the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described. Collectively, the review provides an overview of the SARS-CoV-2 infection outbreak along with the recent advancements and strategies for diagnosis and therapy of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32284146, "pmcid": "PMC7124283", "title": "Keratoconjunctivitis as the initial medical presentation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Can J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Cheema, Marvi", "Aghazadeh, Helya", "Nazarali, Samir", "Ting, Andrew", "Hodges, Jennifer", "McFarlane, Alexandra", "Kanji, Jamil N", "Zelyas, Nathan", "Damji, Karim F", "Solarte, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284146", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with an initial medical presentation of keratoconjunctivitis, the first such reported case in North America. The patient's primary symptom was a red eye with watery discharge, though she did have mild respiratory symptoms, without fever. She was diagnosed with keratoconjunctivitis; evolving corneal findings were characterized through repeat visits to ophthalmology. A conjunctival swab of the affected eye was positive for the SAR-CoV-2 virus. This case emphasizes the importance of ensuring that first-line health care providers, including ophthalmologists, optometrists, emergency physicians, and family physicians, consider COVID-19 on the differential for any patient with recent travel who presents with acute conjunctivitis. Having a high index of suspicion with this presentation would allow for appropriate precautions to be taken to prevent further spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32171948, "pmcid": "PMC7162790", "title": "The effectiveness of quarantine and isolation determine the trend of the COVID-19 epidemics in the final phase of the current outbreak in China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tang, Biao", "Xia, Fan", "Tang, Sanyi", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Li, Qian", "Sun, Xiaodan", "Liang, Juhua", "Xiao, Yanni", "Wu, Jianhong"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171948", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since January 23rd 2020, stringent measures for controlling the novel coronavirus epidemics have been gradually enforced and strengthened in mainland China. The detection and diagnosis have been improved as well. However, the daily reported cases staying in a high level make the epidemics trend prediction difficult. Since the traditional SEIR model does not evaluate the effectiveness of control strategies, a novel model in line with the current epidemics process and control measures was proposed, utilizing multisource datasets including cumulative number of reported, death, quarantined and suspected cases. Results show that the trend of the epidemics mainly depends on quarantined and suspected cases. The predicted cumulative numbers of quarantined and suspected cases nearly reached static states and their inflection points have already been achieved, with the epidemics peak coming soon. The estimated effective reproduction numbers using model-free and model-based methods are decreasing, as well as new infections, while new reported cases are increasing. Most infected cases have been quarantined or put in suspected class, which has been ignored in existing models. The uncertainty analyses reveal that the epidemics is still uncertain and it is important to continue enhancing the quarantine and isolation strategy and improving the detection rate in mainland China."}, {"pmid": 32534432, "title": "Pitfalls in telemedicine consultations in the era of COVID 19 and how to avoid them.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Iyengar, Karthikeyan", "Jain, Vijay K", "Vaishya, Raju"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With restrictions on face to face clinical consultations in the COVID-19 pandemic, Telemedicine has become an essential tool in providing continuity of care to patients. We explore the common pitfalls in remote consultations and strategies that can be adopted to avoid them. We have done a comprehensive review of the literature using suitable keywords on the search engines of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Research Gate in the first week of May 2020 including 'COVID-19', 'telemedicine' and 'remote consultations'. Telemedicine has become an integral part to support patient's clinical care in the current COVID-19 pandemic now and will be in the future for both primary and secondary care. Common pitfalls can be identified and steps can be taken to prevent them. Telemedicine it is going to play a key role in future of health medicine, however, telemedicine technology should be applied in appropriate settings and situations. Suitable training, enhanced documentations, communication and observing information governance guidelines will go a long way in avoiding pitfalls associated with remote consultations."}, {"pmid": 32159735, "title": "Care for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Murthy, Srinivas", "Gomersall, Charles D", "Fowler, Robert A"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159735", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360077, "pmcid": "PMC7195279", "title": "Estimating severe and critical illness in children with COVID-19.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Salemi, Jason L", "Menard, Janelle", "Pathak, Elizabeth Barnett"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360077", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267081, "pmcid": "PMC7231518", "title": "Continuous Intravenous Anakinra Infusion to Calm the Cytokine Storm in Macrophage Activation Syndrome.", "journal": "ACR Open Rheumatol", "authors": ["Monteagudo, Luke Adam", "Boothby, Aaron", "Gertner, Elie"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267081", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of this study was to report the benefit of a therapeutic approach consisting of intravenous (IV) continuous anakinra (recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) infusions in treating severely ill adult patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis or macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). A retrospective chart review of five patients treated at Regions Hospital from 2016 to 2019 was conducted. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics and outcomes were recorded. Continuous IV anakinra infusions up to 2400 mg/d resulted in rapid serologic, then clinical response in 4 of 5 severely ill patients who were refractory to all other therapies, including subcutaneous anakinra. Subsequently, 3 of 5 patients have been maintained on anakinra or canakinumab, with no recurrence of MAS. Continuous infusion of IV anakinra may result in rapid serologic and subsequent clinical improvement in adult patients with MAS. This method for treating cytokine storm should be considered in the current COVID-19 pandemic in the subgroup of patients with severe disease who have a cytokine storm presentation."}, {"pmid": 32306042, "pmcid": "PMC7188180", "title": "Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Can We Stop at Two?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lee, Tau Hong", "Lin, Ray Junhao", "Lin, Raymond T P", "Barkham, Timothy", "Rao, Pooja", "Leo, Yee-Sin", "Lye, David Chien", "Young, Barnaby"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306042", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic requires accurate identification and isolation of confirmed cases for effective control. This report describes the effectiveness of our testing strategy and highlights the importance of repeat testing in suspect cases in our cohort."}, {"pmid": 32435925, "pmcid": "PMC7237879", "title": "Chest computed tomography findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Fu, Fangfang", "Lou, Jianghua", "Xi, Deyan", "Bai, Yan", "Ma, Gongbao", "Zhao, Bin", "Liu, Dong", "Bao, Guofeng", "Lei, Zhidan", "Wang, Meiyun"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435925", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To retrospectively analyze the chest computed tomography (CT) features in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. From January 9, 2020, to February 26, 2020, totally 56 laboratory-confirmed patients with COVID-19 underwent chest CT. For 40 patients, follow-up CT scans were obtained. The CT images were evaluated for the number, type and distribution of the opacity, and the affected lung lobes. Furthermore, the initial CT scan and the follow-up CT scans were compared. Forty patients (83.6%) had two or more opacities in the lung. Eighteen (32.7%) patients had only ground-glass opacities; twenty-nine patients (52.7%) had ground-glass and consolidative opacities; and eight patients (14.5%) had only consolidation. A total of 43 patients (78.2%) showed two or more lobes involved. The opacities tended to be both in peripheral and central (30/55, 54.5%) or purely peripheral distribution (25/55, 45.5%). Fifty patients (90.9%) had the lower lobe involved. The first follow-up CT scans showed that twelve patients (30%) had improvement, 26 (65%) patients had mild-moderate progression, and two patients (5%) had severe progression with \"white lungs.\" The second follow-up CT showed that 22 patients (71%) showed improvement compared with the first follow-up CT, four patients (12.9%) had aggravated progression, and five patients (16.1%) showed unchanged radiographic appearance. The common CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia are multiple lung opacities, multiple types of the opacity (ground-glass, ground-glass and consolidation, and consolidation alone), and multiple lobes especially the lower lobe involved. Follow-up CT could demonstrate the rapid progression of COVID-19 pneumonia (either in aggravation or absorption). \u2022 The predominant CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia are multiple ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation and, with both lungs, multiple lobes and especially the lower lobe affected. \u2022 CT plays a crucial role in early diagnosis and assessment of COVID-19 pneumonia progression. \u2022 CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia may not be consistent with the clinical symptoms or the initial RT-PCR test results."}, {"pmid": 32276030, "pmcid": "PMC7141545", "title": "Letter to Editor: Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Ghaffari, Mohammad-Ebrahim", "Mortezapour, Alireza", "Heidarimoghadam, Rashid"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276030", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344011, "pmcid": "PMC7194601", "title": "Mild versus severe COVID-19: Laboratory markers.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P", "Meyer, Christian G"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344011", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of COVID-19 patients is dramatically increasing worldwide. Treatment in intensive care units (ICU) has become a major challenge; therefore, early recognition of severe forms is absolutely essential for timely triaging of patients. While the clinical status, in particular peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels, and concurrent comorbidities of COVID-19 patients largely determine the need for their admittance to ICUs, several laboratory parameters may facilitate the assessment of disease severity. Clinicians should consider low lymphocyte count as well as the serum levels of CRP, D-dimers, ferritin, cardiac troponin and IL-6, which may be used in risk stratification to predict severe and fatal COVID-19 in hospitalised patients. It is more likely that the course of the disease will be unfavourable if some or all of these parameters are altered."}, {"pmid": 32387778, "pmcid": "PMC7165106", "title": "First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: A proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ahmed, Warish", "Angel, Nicola", "Edson, Janette", "Bibby, Kyle", "Bivins, Aaron", "O'Brien, Jake W", "Choi, Phil M", "Kitajima, Masaaki", "Simpson, Stuart L", "Li, Jiaying", "Tscharke, Ben", "Verhagen, Rory", "Smith, Wendy J M", "Zaugg, Julian", "Dierens, Leanne", "Hugenholtz, Philip", "Thomas, Kevin V", "Mueller, Jochen F"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387778", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, is accompanied by the shedding of the virus in stool. Therefore, the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater affords the ability to monitor the prevalence of infections among the population via wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). In the current work, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was concentrated from wastewater in a catchment in Australia and viral RNA copies were enumerated using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) resulting in two positive detections within a six day period from the same wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The estimated viral RNA copy numbers observed in the wastewater were then used to estimate the number of infected individuals in the catchment via Monte Carlo simulation. Given the uncertainty and variation in the input parameters, the model estimated a median range of 171 to 1,090 infected persons in the catchment, which is in reasonable agreement with clinical observations. This work highlights the viability of WBE for monitoring infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, in communities. The work also draws attention to the need for further methodological and molecular assay validation for enveloped viruses in wastewater."}, {"pmid": 32326618, "pmcid": "PMC7216134", "title": "Moral Obligation, Public Leadership, and Collective Action for Epidemic Prevention and Control: Evidence from the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Emergency.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yang, Liu", "Ren, Yang"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326618", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the effect of villagers' moral obligation and village cadres' public leadership on villagers' collective action for epidemic prevention and control, against the background of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency in China, we constructed models based on the institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework and employed principal component analysis (PCA) and ordered probit regression, drawing on survey data from 533 villagers in Henan province adjacent to the COVID-19 origin province, Hubei, China. The results indicate that: (1) generally, both moral obligation and public leadership as well as their constituent indicators contributed positively to collective action for COVID-19 prevention and control; (2) moreover, moral obligation and public leadership can strengthen each other's positive role in collective action for COVID-19 prevention and control. Based on the above findings, this paper suggests that villagers' moral obligation can be perfected through internalizing epidemic prevention and control norms into the villagers' moral norms by the way of villagers mastering the rural public health governance scheme. In addition, public leadership can be improved through professional training of village cadres and by motivating village elites to run for village cadres. With improved villagers' moral obligation and village cadres' public leadership, collective action for epidemic prevention and control could be more likely to be realized."}, {"pmid": 32204753, "title": "[An interpretation on perinatal and neonatal management plan for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2nd Edition)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Lai-Shuan", "Hu, Xiao-Jing", "Zhou, Wen-Hao"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204753", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues so far. The cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported in pregnant women and neonates as special groups. Perinatal and neonatal management plan for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2nd Edition) has been worked out by the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. This paper presents an interpretation on the 2nd Edition of the management plan, so as to facilitate readers to better understand it."}, {"pmid": 32343085, "title": "Caring for Nephrology Patients and Staff During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of the Northwest Kidney Centers.", "journal": "Nephrol Nurs J", "authors": ["Ulrich, Beth", "McNamara, Liz", "Watnick, Suzanne", "Last, First Middle"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343085", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Northwest Kidney Center (NWC) in Seattle, Washington, has been a leader in nephrology care for almost 60 years, opening the first hemodialysis unit in the United States in 1962. In February 2020, one of their patients was the first reported death from COVID-19 in the United States. On April 6, 2020, as a part of NNJ Extra - the Nephrology Nursing Journal's podcast series, Beth Ulrich, EdD, RN, FACHE, FAONL, FAAN, Editor-in-Chief of the Nephrology Nursing Journal, talked with the leaders of the Northwest Kidney Centers - Suzanne Watnick, MD, the Chief Medical Officer, and Liz McNamara, MN, RN, Vice President of Patient Care Services and the Chief Nursing Officer, who discussed dealing with the onset of COVID-19 at NWC, how their team worked together to provide care for their patients and support for their staff members, and the lessons they learned that can benefit others."}, {"pmid": 32476600, "title": "Contact tracing: a lesson from the Nipah virus in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Trop Doct", "authors": ["Wilson, Arun", "Warrier, Anup", "Rathish, Balram"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476600", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Without a vaccine or proven therapeutic options in COVID-19, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a combination of measures: rapid diagnosis and immediate isolation of cases; rigorous contact tracing; and precautionary self-isolation of close contacts to curb the spread of COVID-19. During a Nipah outbreak in Kerala, India in 2019, it was confined to a single case. The authors were involved in the in-hospital contact tracing. With a single patient producing a contact list of 98 in a healthcare setting, the implications in a community setting during a pandemic of the scale of COVID-19 are huge but it proves that early and rigorous tracing with quarantining is an effective strategy to limit clusters. We believe that if the public is encouraged to maintain their own contact list on a daily basis, it would help in significantly reducing the time and effort invested into contact tracing in the event of a person contracting COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32376240, "pmcid": "PMC7196555", "title": "Optimizing response in surgical systems during and after COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons from China and the UK - Perspective.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Liu, Zheng", "Ding, Zhao", "Guan, Xu", "Zhang, Yawei", "Wang, Xishan", "Khan, Jim S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376240", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446640, "pmcid": "PMC7198393", "title": "\"Remote Monitoring of Intranasal Ketamine Self-Administration as Maintenance Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD): A Novel Strategy for Vulnerable and At-Risk Populations to COVID-19?\"", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Longpre-Poirier, Christophe", "Desbeaumes Jodoin, Veronique", "Miron, Jean-Philippe", "Lesperance, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446640", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404468, "pmcid": "PMC7219820", "title": "Interim schedule for pregnant women and children during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can Fam Physician", "authors": ["Bogler, Tali", "Bogler, Orly"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404468", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32187459, "title": "Facing Covid-19 in Italy - Ethics, Logistics, and Therapeutics on the Epidemic's Front Line.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rosenbaum, Lisa"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187459", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32072795, "title": "[The way to reduce the\"false negative results\"of 2019 novel coronavirus nucleic acid detection].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, R", "Li, J M"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32072795", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32007135, "pmcid": "PMC7129118", "title": "Origins of MERS-CoV, and lessons for 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Lancet Planet Health", "authors": ["Ji, John S"], "date": "2020-02-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32007135", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516046, "title": "Negligence, trauma and nervous shock.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Griffith, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516046", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, considers whether nurses who have suffered psychological trauma because of the negligent handling of the COVID-19 outbreak can claim compensation."}, {"pmid": 32449057, "pmcid": "PMC7245994", "title": "Neuropathology of COVID-19: a spectrum of vascular and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like pathology.", "journal": "Acta Neuropathol", "authors": ["Reichard, R Ross", "Kashani, Kianoush B", "Boire, Nicholas A", "Constantopoulos, Eleni", "Guo, Yong", "Lucchinetti, Claudia F"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449057", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the neuropathological findings of a patient who died from complications of COVID-19. The decedent was initially hospitalized for surgical management of underlying coronary artery disease. He developed post-operative complications and was evaluated with chest imaging studies. The chest computed tomography (CT) imaging results were indicative of COVID-19 and he was subsequently tested for SARS-CoV-2, which was positive. His condition worsened and he died after more than 2\u00a0weeks of hospitalization and aggressive treatment. The autopsy revealed a range of neuropathological lesions, with features resembling both vascular and demyelinating etiologies. Hemorrhagic white matter lesions were present throughout the cerebral hemispheres with surrounding axonal injury and macrophages. The subcortical white matter had scattered clusters of macrophages, a range of associated axonal injury, and a perivascular acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like appearance. Additional white matter lesions included focal microscopic areas of necrosis with central loss of white matter and marked axonal injury. Rare neocortical organizing microscopic infarcts were also identified. Imaging and clinical reports have demonstrated central nervous system complications in patients' with COVID-19, but there is a gap in our understanding of the neuropathology. The lesions described in this case provide insight into the potential parainfectious processes affecting COVID-19 patients, which may direct clinical management and ongoing research into the disease. The clinical course of the patient also illustrates that during prolonged hospitalizations neurological complications of COVID may develop, which are particularly difficult to evaluate and appreciate in the critically ill."}, {"pmid": 32514386, "pmcid": "PMC7267758", "title": "Translational simulation for rapid transformation of health services, using the example of the COVID-19 pandemic preparation.", "journal": "Adv Simul (Lond)", "authors": ["Brazil, Victoria", "Lowe, Belinda", "Ryan, Leanne", "Bourke, Rachel", "Scott, Clare", "Myers, Simone", "Kaneko, Hellen", "Schweitzer, Jane", "Shanahan, Brenton"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514386", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare simulation has significant potential for helping health services to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Rapid changes to care pathways and processes needed for protection of staff and patients may be facilitated by a translational simulation approach-diagnosing changes needed, developing and testing new processes and then embedding new systems and teamwork through training. However, there are also practical constraints on running in situ simulations during a pandemic-the need for physical distancing, rigorous infection control for manikins and training equipment and awareness of heightened anxiety among simulation participants. We describe our institution's simulation strategy for COVID-19 preparation and reflect on the lessons learned-for simulation programs and for health services seeking to utilise translational simulation during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. We offer practical suggestions for a translational simulation strategy and simulation delivery within pandemic constraints. We also suggest simulation programs develop robust strategies, governance and relationships for managing change within institutions-balancing clinician engagement, systems engineering expertise and the power of translational simulation for diagnosing, testing and embedding changes."}, {"pmid": 32364011, "pmcid": "PMC7232886", "title": "FDA-approved thiol-reacting drugs that potentially bind into the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, essential for viral replication.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Lobo-Galo, Naun", "Terrazas-Lopez, Manuel", "Martinez-Martinez, Alejandro", "Diaz-Sanchez, Angel Gabriel"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364011", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergent novel SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the current pandemic outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome with high mortality among the symptomatic population worldwide. Given the absence of a current vaccine or specific antiviral treatment, it is urgent to search for FDA-approved drugs that can potentially inhibit essential viral enzymes. The inhibition of 3CLpro has potential medical application, due to the fact that it is required for processing of the first translated replicase polyproteins into a series of native proteins, which are essential for viral replication in the host cell. We employed an in silico approach to test if disulfiram, as well as its metabolites, and captopril could be used as potential antiviral drugs against COVID-19. We provide data on the potential covalent interaction of disulfiram and its metabolites with the substrate binding subsite of 3CLpro and propose a possible mechanism for the irreversible protease inactivation thought the reaction of the aforementioned compounds with the Cys145. Although, captopril is shown to be a potential ligand of 3CLpro, it is not recommended anti-COVID-19 therapy, due to the fact that it can induce the expression of the viral cellular receptor such as, angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE-2, and thus, making the patient potentially more susceptible to infection. On the other hand, disulfiram, an alcoholism-averting drug, has been previously proposed as an antimicrobial and anti-SARS and MERS agent, safe to use even at higher doses with low side effects, it is recommended to be tested for control of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32513593, "title": "Systemic Treatment of Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancers During the COVID-19 Outbreak: COVID-19-adapted Recommendations of the National Cancer Institute of Milan.", "journal": "Clin Colorectal Cancer", "authors": ["Pietrantonio, Filippo", "Morano, Federica", "Niger, Monica", "Corallo, Salvatore", "Antista, Maria", "Raimondi, Alessandra", "Prisciandaro, Michele", "Pagani, Filippo", "Prinzi, Natalie", "Nichetti, Federico", "Randon, Giovanni", "Torchio, Martina", "Corti, Francesca", "Ambrosini, Margherita", "Palermo, Federica", "Palazzo, Michele", "Biamonte, Lavinia", "Platania, Marco", "Sposito, Carlo", "Cosimelli, Maurizio", "Mazzaferro, Vincenzo", "Pusceddu, Sara", "Cremolini, Chiara", "de Braud, Filippo", "Di Bartolomeo, Maria"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513593", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak poses a major challenge in the treatment decision-making of patients with cancer, who may be at higher risk of developing a severe and deadly SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the general population. The health care emergency is forcing the reshaping of the daily assessment between risks and benefits expected from the administration of immune-suppressive and potentially toxic treatments. To guide our clinical decisions at the National Cancer Institute of Milan (Lombardy region, the epicenter of the outbreak in Italy), we formulated Coronavirus-adapted institutional recommendations for the systemic treatment of patients with gastrointestinal cancers. Here, we describe how our daily clinical practice has changed due to the pandemic outbreak, with the aim of providing useful suggestions for physicians that are facing the same challenges worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32335161, "pmcid": "PMC7179506", "title": "In the search of potential epitopes for Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus using high order nullomers.", "journal": "J Immunol Methods", "authors": ["Santoni, Daniele", "Vergni, Davide"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335161", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Alarms periodically emerge for viral pneumonia infections due to coronavirus. In all cases, these are zoonoses passing the barrier between species and infect humans. The legitimate concern of the international community is due to the fact that the new identified coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2 (previously called 2019-nCoV), has a quite high mortality rate, around 2%, and a strong ability to spread, with an estimated reproduction number higher than 2. Even though all countries are doing their utmost to stop the pandemic, the only reliable solution to tackle the infection is the rapid development of a vaccine. For this purpose, the means of bioinformatics, applied in the context of reverse-vaccinology paradigm, can be of fundamental help to select the most promising peptides able to trigger an effective immune response. In this short report, using the concept of nullomer and introducing a distance from human self, we provide a list of peptides that could deserve experimental investigation in the view of a potential vaccine for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32366766, "pmcid": "PMC7224603", "title": "The case for continuing elective cataract surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Cataract Refract Surg", "authors": ["Shih, Kendrick C", "Wong, Jasper K W", "Lai, Jimmy S M", "Chan, Jonathan C H"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395064, "pmcid": "PMC7212248", "title": "To Do or Not to Do?-A Review of Cancer Surgery Triage Guidelines in COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Shinde, Rajesh S", "Naik, Mekhala D", "Shinde, Shital R", "Bhandare, Manish S", "Chaudhari, Vikram A", "Shrikhande, Shailesh V", "Dcruz, Anil K"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395064", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a global health emergency involving more than 200 countries so far. The number of affected population is on rising, so is the mortality. This crisis has overwhelmed the healthcare infrastructures in many affected countries. Due to overall rising cancer incidence and specific concerns, a cohort of cancer patients forms a distinct subset of the population in whom a correct and timely treatment has a huge impact on the outcome. During this period, oncology care is definitely affected owing to many factors like lockdowns, reduced beds and deferral of elective cases to halt the spread of the pandemic. Surgery remains the best line of defence in many solid organ tumours especially in early stage and is potentially curative. China, the source of this pandemic, has taken more than 3\u00a0months to enter the post transitional phase of this pandemic. Deferring cancer surgeries for this long period may have a direct impact on the long-term outcomes of cancer patients. Many surgical oncology associations across the globe have come up with triage guidelines for surgical care of cancer patients; however, these are based on expert opinion rather than actual data. Herein, we intend to review these guidelines with respect to the risk of disease progression in cancer patients. In the absence of actual data on cancer surgery care during this pandemic, clinical decisions should be based on careful consideration of disease-related and patient-related factors. While some of the cancer surgeries can be safely delayed for some time, how long we can delay surgeries safely cannot be answered/ explained by any means. Thorough evaluation and discussion by an expert and experienced multidisciplinary team appears to be the most effective way forward."}, {"pmid": 32359765, "pmcid": "PMC7172664", "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the Central Nervous System.", "journal": "Trends Neurosci", "authors": ["De Felice, Fernanda G", "Tovar-Moll, Fernanda", "Moll, Jorge", "Munoz, Douglas P", "Ferreira, Sergio T"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359765", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging evidence indicates that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can cause neurological complications. We provide a brief overview of these recent observations and discuss some of their possible implications. In particular, given the global dimension of the current pandemic, we highlight the need to consider the possible long-term impact of COVID-19, potentially including neurological and neurodegenerative disorders."}, {"pmid": 32407464, "pmcid": "PMC7239211", "title": "Corona Viruses and the Chemical Senses: Past, Present, and Future.", "journal": "Chem Senses", "authors": ["Pellegrino, Robert", "Cooper, Keiland W", "Di Pizio, Antonella", "Joseph, Paule V", "Bhutani, Surabhi", "Parma, Valentina"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407464", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A wealth of rapidly evolving reports suggests that olfaction and taste disturbances may be manifestations of the novel COVID-19 pandemic. While otolaryngological societies worldwide have started to consider chemosensory evaluation as a screening tool for COVID-19 infection, the true nature of the relationship between the changes in chemosensory ability and COVID-19 is unclear. Our goal with this review is to provide a brief overview of published and archived literature, as well as the anecdotal reports and social trends related to this topic up to April 29, 2020. We also aim to draw parallels between the clinical/chemosensory symptomology reported in association to past coronavirus pandemics (such as SARS and MERS) and the novel COVID-19. This review also highlights current evidence on persistent chemosensory disturbances after the infection has resolved. Overall, our analysis pinpoints the need for further studies: 1) to better quantify olfaction and taste disturbances associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared to those of other viral and respiratory infections, 2) to understand the relation between smell, taste, and chemesthesis disturbances in COVID-19, and 3) to understand how persistent are these disturbances after the infection has resolved."}, {"pmid": 32389318, "pmcid": "PMC7180390", "title": "Clinical Guidance for the Management of Patients with Urothelial Cancers During the COVID-19 Pandemic - Rapid Review.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Patel, K", "Choudhury, A", "Hoskin, P", "Varughese, M", "James, N", "Huddart, R", "Birtle, A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389318", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic presents a substantial obstacle to cancer patient care. Data from China as well as risk models suppose that cancer patients, particularly those on active, immunosuppressive therapies are at higher risks of severe infection from the illness. In addition, staff illness and restructuring of services to deal with the crisis will inevitably place treatment capacities under significant strain. These guidelines aim to expand on those provided by NHS England regarding cancer care during the coronavirus pandemic by examining the known literature and provide guidance in managing patients with urothelial and rarer urinary tract cancers. In particular, they address the estimated risk and benefits of standard treatments and consider the alternatives in the current situation. As a result, it is recommended that this guidance will help form a framework for shared decision making with patients. Moreover, they do not advise a one-size-fits-all approach but recommend continual assessment of the situation with discussion within and between centres."}, {"pmid": 32386744, "pmcid": "PMC7174146", "title": "Use of antimalarial drugs in the treatment of COVID-19: A window of opportunity?", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Lasheras, Isabel", "Santabarbara, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386744", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307320, "pmcid": "PMC7161487", "title": "CT imaging of the COVID-19.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Zhang, Feng-Yan", "Qiao, Ying", "Zhang, Hui"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307320", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pneumonia presented with certain characteristic chest CT imaging features, which are helpful to the radiologist in the early detection and diagnosis of this emerging global health emergency. In this report, we present chest CT findings from five patients with COVID-19. Except for one case with normal lung appearance, all the other four cases had certain characteristics, including ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation and atoll sign. The lesions were mainly distributed in the peripheral portion of lung."}, {"pmid": 32290816, "pmcid": "PMC7154065", "title": "Methodological challenges of analysing COVID-19 data during the pandemic.", "journal": "BMC Med Res Methodol", "authors": ["Wolkewitz, Martin", "Puljak, Livia"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290816", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369666, "title": "Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Middeldorp, Saskia", "Coppens, Michiel", "van Haaps, Thijs F", "Foppen, Merijn", "Vlaar, Alexander P", "Muller, Marcella C A", "Bouman, Catherine C S", "Beenen, Ludo F M", "Kootte, Ruud S", "Heijmans, Jarom", "Smits, Loek P", "Bonta, Peter I", "van Es, Nick"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369666", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to\u00a0systemic\u00a0coagulation activation and thrombotic complications. We investigated the incidence of objectively confirmed venous thromboembolism (VTE) in 198 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a single-center cohort study. Seventy-five patients (38%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). At time of data collection, 16 (8%) were still hospitalized and 19% had died. During a median follow-up of 7 days (IQR, 3-13), 39 patients (20%) were diagnosed with VTE of whom 25 (13%) had symptomatic VTE, despite routine thrombosis prophylaxis. The cumulative incidences of VTE at 7, 14 and 21 days were 16% (95% CI, 10-22), 33% (95% CI, 23-43) and 42% (95% CI 30-54) respectively. For symptomatic VTE, these were 10% (95% CI, 5.8-16), 21% (95% CI, 14-30) and 25% (95% CI 16-36). VTE appeared to be associated with death (adjusted HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.02-5.5). The cumulative incidence of VTE was higher in the ICU (26% (95% CI, 17-37), 47% (95% CI, 34-58), and 59% (95% CI, 42-72) at 7, 14 and 21 days) than on the wards (any VTE and symptomatic VTE 5.8% (95% CI, 1.4-15), 9.2% (95% CI, 2.6-21), and 9.2% (2.6-21) at 7, 14, and 21 days). The observed risk for VTE in COVID-19 is high, particularly in ICU patients, which should lead to a high level of clinical suspicion and low threshold for diagnostic imaging for DVT or PE. Future research should focus on optimal diagnostic and prophylactic strategies to prevent VTE and potentially improve survival."}, {"pmid": 32448698, "pmcid": "PMC7174152", "title": "Does nasal screening for Staphylococcus aureus before surgery compromise health care professional safety in the COVID-19 era?", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Mayeur, Nicolas", "Berthoumieu, Pierre", "Charbonneau, Helene"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448698", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531216, "title": "Delivery method choice for COVID-19 pregnant women: stick to obstetric indications and avert anorectum contamination.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Chen, Zhe", "Ma, Xiangyi", "Wang, Shixuan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531216", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208140, "pmcid": "PMC7118524", "title": "The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management and Infection Control in a Radiology Department.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Huang, Zixing", "Zhao, Shuang", "Li, Zhenlin", "Chen, Weixia", "Zhao, Lihong", "Deng, Lipeng", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the strategy and the emergency management and infection control procedure of our radiology department during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. We set up emergency management and sensing control teams. The team formulated various measures: reconfiguration of the radiology department, personal protection and training of staff, examination procedures for patients suspected of or confirmed with COVID-19 as well as patients without an exposure history or symptoms. Those with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection were scanned in the designated fever-CT unit. From January 21, 2020, to March 9, 2020, 3,083 people suspected or confirmed to be infected with COVID-19 underwent fever-CT examinations. Including initial examinations and re-examinations, the total number of fever-CT examinations numbered 3,340. As a result of our precautions, none of the staff of the radiology department were infected with COVID-19. Strategic planning and adequate protections can help protect patients and staff against a highly infectious disease while maintaining function at a high-volume capacity."}, {"pmid": 32239127, "pmcid": "PMC7184479", "title": "Clinical Features and Short-term Outcomes of 102 Patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cao, Jianlei", "Tu, Wen-Jun", "Cheng, Wenlin", "Yu, Lei", "Liu, Ya-Kun", "Hu, Xiaoyong", "Liu, Qiang"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239127", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December, 2019, a series of pneumonia cases of unknown cause emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, China. In this study, we investigate clinical and laboratory features and short-term outcomes of patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19). All patients with COVID-19 admitted to Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital in Wuhan, China, between January 3 and February 1, 2020 were included. All those patients were with laboratory-confirmed infection. Epidemiological, clinical, radiological characteristics, underlying diseases, laboratory tests treatment, complications and outcomes data were collected. Outcomes were followed up at discharge until Feb 15, 2020. The study cohort included 102 adult patients. The median (IQR) age was 54 years (37-67years) and 48.0% were female. A total of 34 patients (33.3%) were exposed to source of transmission in the hospital setting (as health care workers, patients, or visitors) and 10 patients (9.8%) had a familial cluster. Eighteen patients (17.6%) were admitted to the ICU, and 17 patients died (mortality, 16.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.4%-23.9%). Among patients who survived, they were younger, more likely were health care workers and less likely suffered from comorbidities. They were also less likely suffered from complications. There was no difference in drug treatment rates between the survival and non-survival groups. Patients who survived less likely required admission to the intensive care unit (14.1% vs. 35.3%). Chest imaging examination showed that death patients more likely had ground-glass opacity (41.2% vs. 12.9%). The mortality rate was high among the COVID-19 patients described in our cohort who met our criteria for inclusion in this analysis. Patient characteristics seen more frequently in those who died were development of systemic complications following onset of the illness and the severity of disease requiring admission to the ICU. Our data support those described by others that COVID-19 infection results from human-to-human transmission, including familial clustering of cases, and nosocomial transmission. There were no differences in mortality among those who did or did not receive antimicrobial or glucocorticoid drug treatment."}, {"pmid": 32385979, "title": "Diagnosis and recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is challenging in kidney patients: tests are an issue.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Niewinski, Grzegorz", "Malyszko, Jolanta", "Niemczyk, Longin", "Pawlak, Monika", "Zebrowski, Pawel", "Rydzewski, Andrzej"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385979", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334090, "pmcid": "PMC7175892", "title": "The vulnerability of low-and middle-income countries facing the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Haiti.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cenat, Jude Mary"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334090", "countries": ["Haiti"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385712, "pmcid": "PMC7207990", "title": "Inflammation resolution: a dual-pronged approach to averting cytokine storms in COVID-19?", "journal": "Cancer Metastasis Rev", "authors": ["Panigrahy, Dipak", "Gilligan, Molly M", "Huang, Sui", "Gartung, Allison", "Cortes-Puch, Irene", "Sime, Patricia J", "Phipps, Richard P", "Serhan, Charles N", "Hammock, Bruce D"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385712", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is characterized by pulmonary hyper-inflammation and potentially life-threatening \"cytokine storms\". Controlling the local and systemic inflammatory response in COVID-19 may be as important as anti-viral therapies. Endogenous lipid autacoid mediators, referred to as eicosanoids, play a critical role in the induction of inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. SARS-CoV-2 may trigger a cell death (\"debris\")-induced \"eicosanoid storm\", including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which in turn initiates a robust inflammatory response. A paradigm shift is emerging in our understanding of the resolution of inflammation as an active biochemical process with the discovery of novel endogenous specialized pro-resolving lipid autacoid mediators (SPMs), such as resolvins. Resolvins and other SPMs stimulate macrophage-mediated clearance of debris and counter pro-inflammatory cytokine production, a process called inflammation resolution. SPMs and their lipid precursors exhibit anti-viral activity at nanogram doses in the setting of influenza without being immunosuppressive. SPMs also promote anti-viral B cell antibodies and lymphocyte activity, highlighting their potential use in the treatment of COVID-19. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors stabilize arachidonic acid-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which also stimulate inflammation resolution by promoting the production of pro-resolution mediators, activating anti-inflammatory processes, and preventing the cytokine storm. Both resolvins and EETs also attenuate pathological thrombosis and promote clot removal, which is emerging as a key pathology of COVID-19 infection. Thus, both SPMs and sEH inhibitors may promote the resolution of inflammation in COVID-19, thereby reducing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other life-threatening complications associated with robust viral-induced inflammation. While most COVID-19 clinical trials focus on \"anti-viral\" and \"anti-inflammatory\" strategies, stimulating inflammation resolution is a novel host-centric therapeutic avenue. Importantly, SPMs and sEH inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for other inflammatory diseases and could be rapidly translated for the management of COVID-19 via debris clearance and inflammatory cytokine suppression. Here, we discuss using pro-resolution mediators as a potential complement to current anti-viral strategies for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32061333, "pmcid": "PMC7128440", "title": "Protecting health-care workers from subclinical coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Chang, De", "Xu, Huiwen", "Rebaza, Andre", "Sharma, Lokesh", "Dela Cruz, Charles S"], "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061333", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513393, "title": "Estimated Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Skin Tumor Size and Survival: An Exponential Growth Model.", "journal": "Actas Dermosifiliogr", "authors": ["Tejera-Vaquerizo, A", "Canueto, J", "Toll, A", "Santos-Juanes, J", "Jaka, A", "Ferrandiz-Pulido, C", "Sanmartin, O", "Ribero, S", "Moreno-Ramirez, D", "Almazan, F", "Fuente, M J", "Podlipnik, S", "Nagore, E"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513393", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Spain is in a situation of indefinite lockdown due to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. One of the consequences of this lockdown is delays in medical and surgical procedures for common diseases. The aim of this study was to model the impact on survival of tumor growth caused by such delays in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma. Multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study. We constructed an exponential growth model for both SCC and melanoma to estimate tumor growth between patient-reported onset and surgical excision at different time points. Data from 200 patients with SCC of the head and neck and 1000 patients with cutaneous melanoma were included. An exponential growth curve was calculated for each tumor type and we estimated tumor size after 1, 2, and 3 months of potential surgical delay. The proportion of patients with T3 SCC (diameter >4cm or thickness >6mm) increased from 41.5% (83 patients) in the initial study group to an estimated 58.5%, 70.5%, and 72% after 1, 2, and 3 months of delay. Disease-specific survival at 2, 5, and 10 years in patients whose surgery was delayed by 3 months decreased by 6.2%, 8.2%, and 5.2%, respectively. The proportion of patients with ultrathick melanoma (>6mm) increased from 6.9% in the initial study group to 21.9%, 30.2%, and 30.2% at 1, 2, and 3 months. Five- and 10-year disease-specific survival both decreased by 14.4% in patients treated after a potential delay of 3 months. In the absence of adequate diagnosis and treatment of SCC and melanoma in the current lockdown situation in Spain, we can expect to see to a considerable increase in large and thick SCCs and melanomas. Efforts must be taken to encourage self-examination and facilitate access to dermatologists in order to prevent further delays."}, {"pmid": 32390367, "pmcid": "PMC7214108", "title": "Clinical Features and Outcomes of 98 Patients Hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Daegu, South Korea: A Brief Descriptive Study.", "journal": "Yonsei Med J", "authors": ["Hong, Kyung Soo", "Lee, Kwan Ho", "Chung, Jin Hong", "Shin, Kyeong Cheol", "Choi, Eun Young", "Jin, Hyun Jung", "Jang, Jong Geol", "Lee, Wonhwa", "Ahn, June Hong"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390367", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although some information on the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and a few selected cases has been reported, data on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized therewith in South Korea are lacking. We conducted a retrospective single-center study of 98 consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at Yeungnam University Medical Center in Daegu, South Korea. Sixty patients were women (61.2%), and the mean age was 55.4\u00b117.1 years. Thirteen patients (13.3%) were treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). The mean interval from symptom onset to hospitalization was 7.7\u00b14.5 days. Patients who received ICU care were significantly older and were more likely to have diabetes mellitus. The National Early Warning Score on the day of admission was significantly higher in patients requiring ICU care. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (13/13 patients; 100%), septic shock (9/13; 69.2%), acute cardiac injury (9/13; 69.2%), and acute kidney injury (8/13; 61.5%) were more common in patients who received ICU care. All patients received antibiotic therapy, and most (97/98 patients; 99.0%) received antiviral therapy (lopinavir/ritonavir). Hydroxychloroquine was used in 79 patients (80.6%), and glucocorticoid therapy was used in 18 patients (18.4%). In complete blood counts, lymphopenia was the most common finding (40/98 patients; 40.8%). Levels of all proinflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in ICU patients. As of March 29, 2020, the mortality rate was 5.1%. Here, we report the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of SARS-CoV-2 patients in South Korea up to March 29, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32342609, "pmcid": "PMC7267613", "title": "The Use of Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation to Treat Respiratory Symptoms Associated With COVID-19: A Theoretical Hypothesis and Early Clinical Experience.", "journal": "Neuromodulation", "authors": ["Staats, Peter", "Giannakopoulos, Georgios", "Blake, Justyna", "Liebler, Eric", "Levy, Robert M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342609", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a pandemic with no specific therapeutic agents and substantial mortality, and finding new treatments is critical. Most cases are mild, but a significant minority of patients develop moderate to severe respiratory symptoms, with the most severe cases requiring intensive care and/or ventilator support. This respiratory compromise appears to be due to a hyperimmune reaction, often called a cytokine storm. Vagus nerve stimulation has been demonstrated to block production of cytokines in sepsis and other medical conditions. We hypothesize that non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) might provide clinical benefits in patients with respiratory symptoms similar to those associated with COVID-19. Information on two case reports was obtained via email correspondence and phone interviews with the patients. Both patients reported clinically meaningful benefits from nVNS therapy. In case 1, the patient used nVNS to expedite symptomatic recovery at home after hospital discharge and was able to discontinue use of opioid and cough suppressant medications. In case 2, the patient experienced immediate and consistent relief from symptoms of chest tightness and shortness of breath, as well as an improved ability to clear his lungs. Preliminary observations and a strong scientific foundation suggest that nVNS might provide clinical benefits in patients with COVID-19 via multiple mechanisms."}, {"pmid": 32512588, "title": "Challenges in the Production of Convalescent Hyperimmune Plasma in the Age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Franchini, Massimo", "Del Fante, Claudia", "Klersy, Catherine", "Glingani, Claudia", "Percivalle, Elena", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Perotti, Cesare"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512588", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330593, "pmcid": "PMC7172854", "title": "A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Chew, Nicholas W S", "Lee, Grace K H", "Tan, Benjamin Y Q", "Jing, Mingxue", "Goh, Yihui", "Ngiam, Nicholas J H", "Yeo, Leonard L L", "Ahmad, Aftab", "Ahmed Khan, Faheem", "Napolean Shanmugam, Ganesh", "Sharma, Arvind K", "Komalkumar, R N", "Meenakshi, P V", "Shah, Kenam", "Patel, Bhargesh", "Chan, Bernard P L", "Sunny, Sibi", "Chandra, Bharatendu", "Ong, Jonathan J Y", "Paliwal, Prakash R", "Wong, Lily Y H", "Sagayanathan, Renarebecca", "Chen, Jin Tao", "Ying Ng, Alison Ying", "Teoh, Hock Luen", "Tsivgoulis, Georgios", "Ho, Cyrus S", "Ho, Roger C", "Sharma, Vijay K"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330593", "countries": ["Singapore", "India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the declaration of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as pandemic, there are reports on the increased prevalence of physical symptoms observed in the general population. We investigated the association between psychological outcomes and physical symptoms among healthcare workers. Healthcare workers from 5 major hospitals, involved in the care for COVID-19 patients, in Singapore and India were invited to participate in a study by performing a self-administered questionnaire within the period of February 19 to April 17, 2020. Healthcare workers included doctors, nurses, allied healthcare workers, administrators, clerical staff and maintenance workers. This questionnaire collected information on demographics, medical history, symptom prevalence in the past month, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) instrument. The prevalence of physical symptoms displayed by healthcare workers and the associations between physical symptoms and psychological outcomes of depression, anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were evaluated. Out of the 906 healthcare workers who participated in the survey, 48 (5.3%) screened positive for moderate to very-severe depression, 79 (8.7%) for moderate to extremely-severe anxiety, 20 (2.2%) for moderate to extremely-severe stress, and 34 (3.8%) for moderate to severe levels of psychological distress. The commonest reported symptom was headache (32.3%), with a large number of participants (33.4%) reporting more than four symptoms. Participants who had experienced symptoms in the preceding month were more likely to be older, have pre-existing comorbidities and a positive screen for depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD. After adjusting for age, gender and comorbidities, it was found that depression (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.54-5.07, p\u00a0=\u00a00.001), anxiety (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.36-3.48, p\u00a0=\u00a00.001), stress (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.27-7.41, p\u00a0=\u00a00.13), and PTSD (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.12-4.35, p\u00a0=\u00a00.023) remained significantly associated with the presence of physical symptoms experienced in the preceding month. Linear regression revealed that the presence of physical symptoms was associated with higher mean scores in the IES-R, DASS Anxiety, Stress and Depression subscales. Our study demonstrates a significant association between the prevalence of physical symptoms and psychological outcomes among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. We postulate that this association may be bi-directional, and that timely psychological interventions for healthcare workers with physical symptoms should be considered once an infection has been excluded."}, {"pmid": 32376388, "pmcid": "PMC7181974", "title": "Reumataxi: An experience of solidarity in times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Reumatol Clin", "authors": ["Blanch-Rubio, Josep", "Llorente-Onaindia, Jone", "Benito, Pere", "Monfort, Jordi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376388", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361001, "pmcid": "PMC7192074", "title": "Bioinformatic analysis and identification of single-stranded RNA sequences recognized by TLR7/8 in the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV genomes.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Moreno-Eutimio, Mario Adan", "Lopez-Macias, Constantino", "Pastelin-Palacios, Rodolfo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361001", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During virus infection, host toll-like receptors (TLRs) can recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns and trigger the innate immune response. TLR7/8 can identify the single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) of the virus. This study aimed to search ssRNA sequences recognized by TLR7/8 from the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV whole genomes by a bioinformatic technique. The immunoinformatic approach showed that the SARS-CoV-2 genome has more ssRNA fragments that could be recognized by TLR7/8 than the SARS-CoV genome. These findings suggest innate immune hyperactivation by SARS-CoV-2. This activity is possibly able to provoke a robust proinflammatory response via TLR7/8 recognition and cause acute lung injury."}, {"pmid": 32324727, "title": "Management of the corpse with suspect, probable or confirmed COVID-19 respiratory infection - Italian interim recommendations for personnel potentially exposed to material from corpses, including body fluids, in morgue structures and during autopsy practice.", "journal": "Pathologica", "authors": ["Fineschi, Vittorio", "Aprile, Anna", "Aquila, Isabella", "Arcangeli, Mauro", "Asmundo, Alessio", "Bacci, Mauro", "Cingolani, Mariano", "Cipolloni, Luigi", "D'Errico, Stefano", "De Casamassimi, Ilaria", "Di Mizio, Giulio", "Di Paolo, Marco", "Focardi, Martina", "Frati, Paola", "Gabbrielli, Mario", "La Russa, Raffaele", "Maiese, Aniello", "Manetti, Federico", "Martelloni, Massimo", "Mazzeo, Elena", "Montana, Angelo", "Neri, Margherita", "Padovano, Martina", "Pinchi, Vilma", "Pomara, Cristoforo", "Ricci, Pietrantonio", "Salerno, Monica", "Santurro, Alessandro", "Scopetti, Matteo", "Testi, Roberto", "Turillazzi, Emanuela", "Vacchiano, Giuseppe", "Crivelli, Filippo", "Bonoldi, Emanuela", "Facchetti, Fabio", "Nebuloni, Manuela", "Sapino, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324727", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504510, "title": "[Medical Professionalism and the Social Contract: Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Ferreira, Maria Amelia", "Carvalho Filho, Marco Antonio", "Franco, Giuliani Santos", "Franco, Renato Soleiman"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504510", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307265, "pmcid": "PMC7144608", "title": "French consensus regarding precautions during tracheostomy and post-tracheostomy care in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Schultz, P", "Morvan, J-B", "Fakhry, N", "Moriniere, S", "Vergez, S", "Lacroix, C", "Bartier, S", "Barry, B", "Babin, E", "Couloigner, V", "Atallah, I"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307265", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tracheostomy post-tracheostomy care are regarded as at high risk for contamination of health care professionals with the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Considering the rapid spread of the infection, all patients in France must be considered as potentially infected by the virus. Nevertheless, patients without clinical or radiological (CT scan) markers of COVID-19, and with negative nasopharyngeal sample within 24h of surgery, are at low risk of being infected. Instructions for personal protection include specific wound dressings and decontamination of all material used. The operating room should be ventilated after each tracheostomy and the pressure of the room should be neutral or negative. Percutaneous tracheostomy is to be preferred over surgical cervicotomy in order to reduce aerosolization and to avoid moving patients from the intensive care unit to the operating room. Ventilation must be optimized during the procedure, to limit patient oxygen desaturation. Drug assisted neuromuscular blockage is advised to reduce coughing during tracheostomy tube insertion. An experienced team is mandatory to secure and accelerate the procedure as well as to reduce risk of contamination."}, {"pmid": 32442486, "pmcid": "PMC7237175", "title": "Post-COVID-19 spending.", "journal": "Lancet Planet Health", "authors": ["The Lancet Planetary Health"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442486", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301628, "title": "Psychological assistance during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Wang, Yanbo", "Zhao, Xudong", "Feng, Qiang", "Liu, Liang", "Yao, Yuhong", "Shi, Jingyu"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301628", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disaster psychological assistance has become an important part of the disaster relief system, playing a crucial role in restoring and maintaining emotional stability and security of people and reducing trauma-related stress. As the first country to experience the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), China actively adopted psychological assistance measures in response to the panic caused by the epidemic. These measures are expected to help the Chinese government and governments in other parts of the world to better respond to the outbreaks of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32496106, "title": "Resilience is spreading: Mental health within the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["PeConga, Emma K", "Gauthier, Gabrielle M", "Holloway, Ash", "Walker, Rosemary S W", "Rosencrans, Peter L", "Zoellner, Lori A", "Bedard-Gilligan, Michele"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496106", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic is in many ways unchartered mental health territory, but history would suggest that long-term resilience will be the most common outcome, even for those most directly impacted by the outbreak. We address 4 common myths about resilience and discuss ways to systematically build individual and community resiliency. Actively cultivating social support, adaptive meaning, and direct prosocial behaviors to reach the most vulnerable can have powerful resilience promoting effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32348946, "pmcid": "PMC7195154", "title": "A preliminary assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on environment - A case study of China.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Wang, Qiang", "Su, Min"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348946", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is seriously threatening world public health security. Currently, >200 countries and regions have been affected by the epidemic, with the number of infections and deaths still increasing. As an extreme event, the outbreak of COVID-19 has greatly damaged the global economic growth and caused a certain impact on the environment. This paper takes China as a case study, comprehensively evaluating the dynamic impact of COVID-19 on the environment. The analysis results indicate that the outbreak of COVID-19 improves China's air quality in the short term and significantly contributes to global carbon emission reduction. However, in the long run, there is no evidence that this improvement will continue. When China completely lifts the lockdown and resumes large-scale industrial production, its energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are likely to exceed the level before the event. Moreover, COVID-19 significantly reduces the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the atmosphere. The decline initially occurred near Wuhan and eventually spread to the whole country. The above phenomenon shows that the decreasing economic activities and traffic restrictions directly lead to the changes of China's energy consumption and further prevent the environment from pollution. The results in this study support the fact that strict quarantine measures can not only protect the public from COVID-19, but also exert a positive impact on the environment. These findings can provide a reference for other countries to assess the influence of COVID-19 on the environment."}, {"pmid": 32452757, "title": "Vascular injury and COVID-19-related mortality: What lies below the tip of the iceberg?", "journal": "Clin Nephrol", "authors": ["Izzedine, Hassan", "Jhaveri, Kenar D", "Perazella, Mark A"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452757", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448589, "pmcid": "PMC7252102", "title": "Drive-Through Testing: A Unique, Efficient Method of Collecting Large Volume of Specimens During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Shah, Aditya", "Challener, Douglas", "Tande, Aaron J", "Mahmood, Maryam", "O'Horo, John C", "Berbari, Elie", "Crane, Sarah J"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448589", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic in March 2020. A major challenge in this worldwide pandemic has been efficient and effective large-scale testing for the disease. In this communication, we discuss lessons learned in the set up and function of a locally organized drive-through testing facility."}, {"pmid": 32419164, "title": "Rapid telepsychology deployment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A special issue commentary and lessons from primary care psychology training.", "journal": "J Clin Psychol", "authors": ["Perrin, Paul B", "Rybarczyk, Bruce D", "Pierce, Bradford S", "Jones, Heather A", "Shaffer, Carla", "Islam, Leila"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419164", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article positions the special issue on telepsychology amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, which has dramatically accelerated the adoption and dissemination of telepsychology. The article makes general observations about the themes emerging in the special issue with considerations for application, training, theory-driven research, and policy. It then presents as a case example the rapid deployment during the pandemic of telepsychology doctoral training and services at the Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Primary Care Psychology Collaborative. Facilitators to VCU telepsychology deployment included trainee and supervisor resources, strong telepsychology training, and prior experience. Barriers to overcome included limited clinic capacity, scheduling, technology, and accessibility and diversity issues. Lessons learned involved presenting clinical issues, supervision, and working with children and adolescents. Telepsychology is crucial for psychological service provision, during the COVID-19 pandemic more than ever, and that is unlikely to change as psychologists and patients increasingly continue to appreciate its value."}, {"pmid": 32414399, "pmcid": "PMC7228669", "title": "Advanced respiratory monitoring in COVID-19 patients: use less PEEP!", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Roesthuis, Lisanne", "van den Berg, Maarten", "van der Hoeven, Hans"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414399", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391963, "pmcid": "PMC7273102", "title": "The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for self-care in patients supported with a Left Ventricular Assist Device.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Gal, Tuvia Ben", "Avraham, Binyamin Ben", "Abu-Hazira, Miriam", "Frigerio, Maria", "Crespo-Leiro, Maria G", "Oppelaar, Anne Marie", "Kato, Naoko P", "Stromberg, Anna", "Jaarsma, Tiny"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391963", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404591, "title": "COVID-19: Intubation kit, intubation team or intubation spots?", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Sorbello, M", "Morello, G", "Pintaudi, S", "Cataldo, R"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404591", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493494, "pmcid": "PMC7268173", "title": "Controlled, double-blind, randomized trial to assess the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine chemoprophylaxis in SARS CoV2 infection in healthcare personnel in the hospital setting: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Cuadrado-Lavin, Antonio", "Olmos, Jose Manuel", "Cifrian, Jose Manuel", "Gimenez, Teresa", "Gandarillas, Marco Antonio", "Garcia-Saiz, Mar", "Rebollo, Maria Henar", "Martinez-Taboada, Victor", "Lopez-Hoyos, Marcos", "Farinas, Maria Carmen", "Crespo, Javier"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493494", "countries": ["Germany", "Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection presents a high transmission in the group of health professionals in Spain (12-15% infected). Currently there is no accepted chemoprophylaxis but hydroxychloroquine (HDQ) is known to inhibit the coronavirus in vitro. Our hypothesis is that oral administration of hydroxychloroquine to healthcare professionals can reduce the incidence and prevalence of infection as well as its severity in this group. Design: Prospective, single center, double blind, randomised, controlled trial (RCT). Adult health-care professionals (18-65 years) working in areas of high exposure and high risk of transmission of SARS-COV-2 (COVID areas, Intensive Care Unit -ICUs-, Emergency, Anesthesia and all those performing aerosol-generating procedures) will be included. Exclusion criteria include previous infection with SARS CoV2 (positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR or IgG serology), pregnancy or lactation, any contraindication to hydroxychloroquine or evidence of unstable or clinically significant systemic disease. Patients will be randomized (1:1) to receive once-daily oral Hydroxychloroquine 200mg for two months (HC group) or placebo (P group) in addition to the protective measures appropriate to the level of exposure established by the hospital. A serological evaluation will be carried out every 15 days with PCR in case of seroconversion, symptoms or risk exposure. Primary outcome is the percentage of subjects presenting infection (seroconversion and/or PCR +ve) by the SARS-Cov-2 virus during the observation period. Additionally, both the percentage of subjects in each group presenting Pneumonia with severity criteria (Curb 65 \u22652) and that of subjects requiring admission to ICU will be determined. While awaiting a vaccine, hygiene measures, social distancing and personal protective equipment are the only primary prophylaxis measures against SARS-CoV-2, but they have not been sufficient to protect our healthcare professionals. Some evidence of the in vitro efficacy of hydroxychloroquine against this virus is known, along with some clinical data that would support the study of this drug in the chemoprophylaxis of infection. However, there are still no data from controlled clinical trials in this regard. If our hypothesis is confirmed, hydroxychloroquine can help professionals fight this infection with more guarantees. This is a single-center study that will be carried out at the Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital. 450 health professionals working at the Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla in areas of high exposure and high risk of transmission of SARS COV2 (COVID hospital areas, Intensive Care Unit, Emergency, Anesthesia and all those performing aerosol-generating procedures) will be included. 1) Health professionals aged between 18 and 65 years (inclusive) at the time of the first screening visit; 2) They must provide signed written informed consent and agree to comply with the study protocol; 3) Active work in high exposure areas during the last two weeks and during the following weeks. 1) Previous infection with SARS CoV2 (positive coronavirus PCR or positive serology with SARS Cov2 negative PCR and absence of symptoms); 2) Current treatment with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine; 3) Hypersensitivity, allergy or any contraindication for taking hydroxychloroquine, in the technical sheet; 4) Previous or current treatment with tamoxifen or raloxifene; 5) Previous eye disease, especially maculopathy; 6) Known heart failure (Grade III to IV of the New York Heart Association classification) or prolonged QTc; 7) Any type of cancer (except basal cell) in the last 5 years; 6) Refusal to give informed consent; 8) Evidence of any other unstable or clinically significant untreated immune, endocrine, hematological, gastrointestinal, neurological, neoplastic or psychiatric illness; 9) Antibodies positive for the human immunodeficiency virus; 10) Significant kidney or liver disease; 11) Pregnancy or lactation. Two groups will be analyzed with a 1: 1 randomization rate. 1)Intervention: (n = 225): One 200 mg hydroxychloroquine sulfate coated tablet once daily for two months.2)Comparator (control group) (n = 225): One hydroxychloroquine placebo tablet (identical to that of the drug) once daily for two months MAIN OUTCOMES: The primary outcome of this study will be to evaluate: number and percentage of healthcare personnel presenting symptomatic and asymptomatic infection (see \"Diagnosis of SARS CoV2 infection\" below) by the SARS-Cov2 virus during the study observation period (8 weeks) in both treatment arms;number and percentage of healthcare personnel in each group presenting with Pneumonia with severity criteria (Curb 65 \u22652) and number and percentage of healthcare personnel requiring admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in both treatment arms. DIAGNOSIS OF SARS COV2 INFECTION: Determination of IgA, IgM and IgG type antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA kit (EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Germany) every two weeks. In cases of seroconversion, a SARS-CoV-2 PCR will be performed to rule out / confirm an active infection (RT-PCR in One Step: RT performed with mastermix (Takara) and IDT probes, following protocol published and validated by the CDC Evaluation of COVID-19 in case of SARS-CoV-2 infection RANDOMISATION: Participants will be allocated to intervention and comparator groups according to a balanced randomization scheme (1: 1). The assignment will be made through a computer-generated numeric sequence for all participants BLINDING (MASKING): Both participants and investigators responsible for recruiting and monitoring participants will be blind to the assigned arm. Taking into account the current high prevalence of infection in healthcare personnel in Spain (up to 15%), to detect a difference equal to or greater than 8% in the percentage estimates through a two-tailed 95% CI, with a statistical power of 80% and a dropout rate of 5%, a total of 450 participants will need to be included (250 in each arm). The protocol approved by the health authorities in Spain (Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products \"AEMPS\") and the Ethics and Research Committee of Cantabria (CEIm Cantabria) corresponds to version 1.1 of April 2, 2020. Currently, recruitment has not yet started, with the start scheduled for the second week of May 2020. Eudra CT number: 2020-001704-42 (Registered on 29 March 2020) FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2)."}, {"pmid": 32286214, "title": "[Possible unregistered SARS-CoV-2 infection in a young man with anosmia and ageusia].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Stripp, Tobias Kvist", "Sondergaard, Jens"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286214", "countries": ["Denmark"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, testing of suspected cases in Denmark has recently been limited to those who were critically ill. This has left an increasing number of unregistered infections in the society, obscured quantification and impacted lived lives. This case story reports a possible mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in a healthy young man in his twenties. Due to strategic guidelines, he was never tested for SARS-CoV-2, but the medical record was highly suspicious for infection. Besides the well-known symptoms of SARS-CoV-2, this case also reports total anosmia and ageusia."}, {"pmid": 31991628, "pmcid": "PMC7073674", "title": "The Extent of Transmission of Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China, 2020.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Nishiura, Hiroshi", "Jung, Sung-Mok", "Linton, Natalie M", "Kinoshita, Ryo", "Yang, Yichi", "Hayashi, Katsuma", "Kobayashi, Tetsuro", "Yuan, Baoyin", "Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31991628", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of pneumonia cases linked to a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was reported by China in late December 2019. Reported case incidence has now reached the hundreds, but this is likely an underestimate. As of 24 January 2020, with reports of thirteen exportation events, we estimate the cumulative incidence in China at 5502 cases (95% confidence interval: 3027, 9057). The most plausible number of infections is in the order of thousands, rather than hundreds, and there is a strong indication that untraced exposures other than the one in the epidemiologically linked seafood market in Wuhan have occurred."}, {"pmid": 32447306, "title": "How the COVID-19 pandemic illustrated the importance of emergency medicine, and its vital role as a pillar of the healthcare system.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Heymann, Eric P", "Exadaktylos, Aristomenis"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289115, "pmcid": "PMC7128473", "title": "Care of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: EASL-ESCMID position paper.", "journal": "JHEP Rep", "authors": ["Boettler, Tobias", "Newsome, Philip N", "Mondelli, Mario U", "Maticic, Mojca", "Cordero, Elisa", "Cornberg, Markus", "Berg, Thomas"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289115", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses an enormous challenge to healthcare systems in affected communities. Older patients and those with pre-existing medical conditions have been identified as populations at risk of a severe disease course. It remains unclear at this point to what extent chronic liver diseases should be considered as risk factors, due to a shortage of appropriate studies. However, patients with advanced liver disease and those after liver transplantation represent vulnerable patient cohorts with an increased risk of infection and/or a severe course of COVID-19. In addition, the current pandemic requires unusual allocation of healthcare resources which may negatively impact the care of patients with chronic liver disease that continue to require medical attention. Thus, the challenge hepatologists are facing is to promote telemedicine in the outpatient setting, prioritise outpatient contacts, avoid nosocomial dissemination of the virus to patients and healthcare providers, and at the same time maintain standard care for patients who require immediate medical attention."}, {"pmid": 32388390, "pmcid": "PMC7175888", "title": "The powerful immune system against powerful COVID-19: A hypothesis.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farzad", "Akbari, Hassan"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388390", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. Since December 2019, the world has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but the factors affecting the immune system against COVID-19 have not been well described. In this article, we provide a novel hypothesis to describe how an increase in cellular adenosine triphosphate (c-ATP) can potentially improve the efficiency of innate and adaptive immune systems to either prevent or fight off COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32527948, "title": "Aerosol containment box to the rescue: extra protection for the front line.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Hsu, Steven H", "Lai, Hsien Yung", "Zabaneh, Firas", "Masud, Faisal N"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527948", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic has created shortages of vital personal protective equipment that threatens healthcare workers' risk of exposure, a need for innovative new ways to protect healthcare workers has emerged. An aerosol containment box that covers the patient's head and neck in bed provides a solution to protect clinicians during aerosol-generating procedures such as intubation. We collaborated with original designer HYL and modified the size to adapt to larger patients and operator mobility. We expand its applicability by allowing the use of different instruments. The container is outfitted with an ultra-low particulate air-equipped filtration vacuum device to create negative pressure within the chamber and actively remove floating droplet nuclei generated during a procedure. This barrier method will be a valuable and economical option to protect healthcare workers on the front line globally during this pandemic and beyond."}, {"pmid": 32404221, "title": "Covid-19, Mental Health and Psychological First Aid.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Minihan, Elisha", "Gavin, Blanaid", "Kelly, Brendan D", "McNicholas, Fiona"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404221", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Crises such as the global pandemic of Covid-19 (coronavirus) elicit a range of responses from individuals and societies adversely affecting physical and emotional well-being. This article provides an overview of factors elicited in response to Covid-19 and their impact on immunity, physical health, mental health and wellbeing. Certain groups, such as individuals with mental illness, are especially vulnerable, so it is important to maximise the supports available to this population and their families during the pandemic. More broadly, the World Health Organization recommends \"Psychological First Aid\" as a useful technique that can help many people in a time of crisis."}, {"pmid": 32422208, "pmcid": "PMC7228878", "title": "Associations between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Use, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Mortality among Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Tan, Nian-Di", "Qiu, Yun", "Xing, Xiang-Bin", "Ghosh, Subrata", "Chen, Min-Hu", "Mao, Ren"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422208", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284613, "pmcid": "PMC7095102", "title": "Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Xu, Yi", "Li, Xufang", "Zhu, Bing", "Liang, Huiying", "Fang, Chunxiao", "Gong, Yu", "Guo, Qiaozhi", "Sun, Xin", "Zhao, Danyang", "Shen, Jun", "Zhang, Huayan", "Liu, Hongsheng", "Xia, Huimin", "Tang, Jinling", "Zhang, Kang", "Gong, Sitang"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284613", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report epidemiological and clinical investigations on ten pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection cases confirmed by real-time reverse transcription PCR assay of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Symptoms in these cases were nonspecific and no children required respiratory support or intensive care. Chest X-rays lacked definite signs of pneumonia, a defining feature of the infection in adult cases. Notably, eight children persistently tested positive on rectal swabs even after nasopharyngeal testing was negative, raising the possibility of fecal-oral transmission."}, {"pmid": 32522513, "title": "Special Ambulatory Gynecologic Considerations in the Era of COVID-19 and Implications for Future Practice.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Cohen, Megan A", "Powell, Anna M", "Coleman, Jenell S", "Keller, Jean M", "Livingston, Alison", "Anderson, Jean R"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522513", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has altered medical practice in unprecedented ways. While much of the emphasis in obstetrics and gynecology to date has been on the as yet uncertain impacts of COVID-19 in pregnancy and on changes to surgical management, the pandemic has broad implications for ambulatory gynecologic care as well. In this article we review important ambulatory gynecologic topics including safety and metal health, reproductive life planning, sexually transmitted infections, and routine screening for breast and cervical cancer. For each topic, we review how care may be modified during the pandemic, provide recommendations when possible for how to ensure continued access to comprehensive healthcare at this time, and discuss ways that future practice may change. Social distancing requirements may place patients at higher risk for intimate partner violence and mental health concerns; threaten continued access to contraception and abortion services; impact prepregnancy planning; interrupt routine screening for breast and cervical cancer; increase risk of sexually-transmitted infection acquisition and decrease access to treatment; and exacerbate already underlying racial and minority disparities in care and health outcomes. We advocate for increased use of telemedicine services with increased screening for intimate partner violence and depression using validated questionnaires. Appointments for long-acting contraceptive insertion can be prioritized. Easier access to patient-controlled injectable contraception and pharmacist-provided hormonal contraception can be facilitated. Reproductive healthcare access can be ensured through reducing needs for ultrasound and laboratory testing for certain eligible patients desiring abortion and conducting phone follow-up for medication abortions. Priority for in-person appointments should be given to patients with sexually-transmitted infection symptoms, particularly if at risk for complications, while also offering expedited partner therapy. While routine mammography screening and cervical cancer screening may be safely delayed, we discuss society guideline recommendations for higher-risk populations. There may be an increasing role for patient-collected human papilloma virus self-samples using new cervical cancer screening guidelines that can be expanded in light of the pandemic situation. While the pandemic has strained our healthcare system, it also affords ambulatory clinicians with opportunities to expand care to vulnerable populations in ways that were previously underutilized to attempt to improve health equity."}, {"pmid": 32507689, "title": "COVID-19: Crisis management in congenital heart surgery.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Stephens, Elizabeth H", "Dearani, Joseph A", "Guleserian, Kristine J", "Overman, David M", "Tweddell, James S", "Backer, Carl L", "Romano, Jennifer C", "Bacha, Emile"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507689", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449022, "pmcid": "PMC7245632", "title": "Acetic acid disinfection as a potential adjunctive therapy for non-severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Pianta, L", "Vinciguerra, A", "Bertazzoni, G", "Morello, R", "Mangiatordi, F", "Lund, V J", "Trimarchi, M"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449022", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a new pandemic influenza caused by a coronavirus which main route of transmission is through exhaled droplets that primarily infect the nose and the nasopharynx. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of acetic acid, the active component of vinegar, as a potential disinfectant agent for upper airways. Twenty-nine patients were enrolled and divided into two groups: group 1 (14 patients) was composed of patients treated with off-label hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir, whereas group 2 (15 patients) was composed of patients treated with hydroxychloroquine only, combined with the inhalation of acetic acid disinfectant at a 0.34% concentration. A questionnaire-based evaluation of symptoms was performed after 15\u00a0days in both groups. It appears that the number of patients treated with acetic acid (group 2) that experienced improvement in individual symptoms was double that of the other group of patients (group 1), although numbers are too small for robust statistical analysis. Considering its potential benefits and high availability, acetic acid disinfection appears to be a promising adjunctive therapy in cases of non-severe COVID-19 and deserves further investigation."}, {"pmid": 32503987, "pmcid": "PMC7273376", "title": "COVID-19 impact on early career investigators: a call for action.", "journal": "Nat Rev Cancer", "authors": ["Levine, Ross L", "Rathmell, W Kimryn"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503987", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315031, "pmcid": "PMC7188172", "title": "Letter to the Editor: \"Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists\".", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Kasuki, Leandro", "Gadelha, Monica R"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315031", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469246, "title": "Psychophysical Olfactory Tests and Detection of COVID-19 in Patients With Sudden Onset Olfactory Dysfunction: A Prospective Study.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Cabaraux, Pierre", "Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "Khalife, Mohamad", "Plzak, Jan", "Hans, Stephane", "Martiny, Delphine", "Calvo-Henriquez, Christian", "Barillari, Maria R", "Hopkins, Claire", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469246", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) status of patients with initial sudden olfactory anosmia (ISOA) through nasopharyngeal swabs for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and to explore their olfactory dysfunctions with psychophysical olfactory evaluation. A total of 78 ISOA patients were recruited from April 6, 2020, to April 10, 2020, through a public call of University of Mons (Mons, Belgium). Patients benefited from nasopharyngeal swabs and fulfilled the patient-reported outcome questionnaire. Among them, 46 patients performed psychophysical olfactory evaluation using olfactory identification testing. Based on the duration of the ISOA, 2 groups of patients were compared: patients with olfactory dysfunction duration \u226412 days (group 1) and those with duration >12 days (group 2). In group 1, 42 patients (87.5%) had a positive viral load determined by RT-PCR and 6 patients (12.5%) were negative. In group 2, 7 patients (23%) had a positive viral load and 23 patients (77%) were negative. The psychophysical olfactory evaluation reported that anosmia and hyposmia occurred in 24 (52%) and 11 (24%) patients, respectively. Eleven patients were normosmic. The viral load was significantly higher in patients of group 1 compared with those of group 2. Coronavirus disease 2019 was detected in a high proportion of ISOA patients, especially over the first 12 days of olfactory dysfunction. Anosmia is an important symptom to consider in the detection of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32274649, "pmcid": "PMC7142270", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and Europe: timing of containment measures for outbreak control.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Li, Chenyu", "Romagnani, Paola", "von Brunn, Albrecht", "Anders, Hans-Joachim"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274649", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347453, "pmcid": "PMC7187802", "title": "Redesigning a Department of Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gastrointest Surg", "authors": ["Brethauer, Stacy A", "Poulose, Benjamin K", "Needleman, Bradley J", "Sims, Carrie", "Arnold, Mark", "Washburn, Kenneth", "Tsung, Allan", "Mokadam, Nahush", "Sarac, Timur", "Merritt, Robert", "Pawlik, Timothy M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347453", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has created an urgent need for reorganization and surge planning among departments of surgery across the USA. Review of the COVID-19 planning process and work products in preparation for a patient surge. Organizational and process changes, workflow redesign, and communication plans are presented. The planning process included widespread collaboration among leadership from many disciplines. The department of surgery played a leading role in establishing clinical protocols, guidelines, and policies in preparation for a surge of COVID-19 patients. A multidisciplinary approach with input from clinical and nonclinical stakeholders is critical to successful crisis planning. A clear communication plan should be implemented early and input from trainees, staff, and faculty should be solicited. Major departmental and health system reorganization is required to adapt academic surgical practices to a widespread crisis. Surgical leadership, innovation, and flexibility are critical to successful planning and implementation."}, {"pmid": 32422121, "pmcid": "PMC7227574", "title": "Committee Recommendations for Resuming Cardiac Surgery Activity in the SARS-CoV-2 Era: Guidance from an International Cardiac Surgery Consortium.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Chikwe, Joanna", "Gaudino, Mario", "Hameed, Irbaz", "Robinson, N Bryce", "Bakaeen, Faisal G", "Menicanti, Lorenzo", "Doenst, Torsten", "Zheng, Zhe", "Lemma, Massimo", "Falk, Volkmar", "Tatoulis, James", "Girardi, Leonard N", "Fremes, Stephen", "Ruel, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422121", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recommendations for the safe and optimized resumption of cardiac surgery care, research and education during the SARS-CoV-2 era were developed by a cardiovascular research consortium, based in 19 countries and representing a wide spectrum of experience with COVID-19. This guidance document provides a framework for restarting cardiac surgery in the outpatient and inpatient settings, in accordance with the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2, the risks posed by interrupted cardiovascular care, and the available recommendations from major societies."}, {"pmid": 32457134, "title": "Use of an antiviral filter attached to a pleural drain bottle to prevent aerosol contamination with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Akhtar, Mohammed R", "Ricketts, William", "Fotheringham, Tim"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumothoraces (1%) and pleural effusions (5%) are two of the less common complications of infection with COVID-19. Following a referral for a pleural drain insertion for a pneumothorax in a patient with COVID-19, we reassessed the infection risks involved in this procedure and its aftercare. Pleural drainage tubes attached to an underwater seal drain allow expulsion of aerosol and larger droplets via the vent from the bottle into the surrounding environment, potentially leading to infection of other patients and staff.Consequently, we chose to attach an antiviral filter to the venting port of an underwater seal drain bottle to mitigate this risk. A fluorescein dye experiment was used to demonstrate the reduction in aerosol emission output from the bottle with our described technique, allowing an antiviral filter to be attached to a pleural underwater seal drainage bottle for added protection of patients and staff in the local environment."}, {"pmid": 32283878, "title": "[Whether conjunctival congestion in patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus is definitely related the novel coronavirus?]", "journal": "Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, M C", "Xie, H T"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283878", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, it is commonly reported that COVID-19 patients are associated with conjunctival congestion and other symptoms, and the transmission route or high-risk diseases of ophthalmology and high-risk working status are speculated. Are conjunctival congestion or conjunctival related symptoms in patients with 2019 novel coronavirus definitely related the novel coronavirus? Conjunctival congestion is one of the common clinical signs of various types of conjunctivitis. The symptoms and signs of conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients may be related to a variety of factors. Therefore, conjunctival symptoms should not be associated with 2019 novel coronavirus without evidence. ( Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: )."}, {"pmid": 32447934, "title": "[Clinical and coagulation characteristics in 7 patients with critical COVID-2019 pneumonia and acro-ischemia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Y", "Cao, W", "Xiao, M", "Li, Y J", "Yang, Y", "Zhao, J", "Zhou, X", "Jiang, W", "Zhao, Y Q", "Zhang, S Y", "Li, T S"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447934", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the clinical and coagulation characteristics in patients with critical Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and acro-ischemia. Methods: The retrospective study included 7 critical COVID-19 patients with acro-ischemia in an intensive care unit (ICU) in Wuhan, from Feb 4 to Feb 15, 2020. The clinical and laboratory data before and during the ICU stay were analyzed. Results: The median age of 7 patients was 59 years and 4 of them were men. Three patients were associated with underlying comorbidities. Fever, cough, dyspnea and diarrhea were common clinical symptoms. All patients had acro-ischemia presentations including finger/toe cyanosis, skin bulla and dry gangrene. D-dimer, fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) were significantly elevated in most patients. Prothrombin time was prolonged in 4 patients. D-dimer and FDP levels progressively elevated consistent with COVID-2019 exacerbation. Four patients were diagnosed with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) . Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was administrated in 6 patients, which reduced D-dimer and FDP rather than improved clinical symptoms. Five patients died finally and the median time from acro-ischemia to death was 12 days. Conclusions: Coagulation parameters should be monitored closely in critical COVID-2019 patients. The timing and protocol of anticoagulation therapy are still under investigation based on more clinical data."}, {"pmid": 32470602, "pmcid": "PMC7250091", "title": "Three cases of treatment with Nafamostat in elderly patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who need oxygen therapy.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jang, Sukbin", "Rhee, Ji-Young"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470602", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No effective treatment for COVID-19 has been well established yet. Nafamostat, known as anticoagulant, has potential anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities against COVID-19. We report three cases of COVID-19 pneumonia who progressed while using antiviral drugs and needed supplementary oxygen therapy, improved after treatment with nafamostat. These preliminary findings show the possibility that Nafamostat can be considered to be used in elderly patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who need oxygen therapy. The effectiveness of nafamostat should be evaluated in further studies."}, {"pmid": 32487369, "pmcid": "PMC7253989", "title": "Balancing the need for rapid and rigorous scientific data during early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: A further role for the scientific community.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Rotondi, Mario", "Nieto-Diaz, Manuel", "Magri, Flavia", "Oliviero, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487369", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504736, "title": "Tumor biomarkers predict clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["He, Bangshun", "Zhong, Aifang", "Wu, Qiuyue", "Liu, Xiong", "Lin, Jie", "Chen, Chao", "He, Yiming", "Guo, Yanju", "Zhang, Man", "Zhu, Peiran", "Wu, Jian", "Wang, Changjun", "Wang, Shukui", "Xia, Xinyi"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504736", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292848, "pmcid": "PMC7151394", "title": "COVID-19 for the Cardiologist: A Current Review of the Virology, Clinical Epidemiology, Cardiac and Other Clinical Manifestations and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.", "journal": "JACC Basic Transl Sci", "authors": ["Atri, Deepak", "Siddiqi, Hasan K", "Lang, Joshua", "Nauffal, Victor", "Morrow, David A", "Bohula, Erin A"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292848", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), has reached pandemic status. As it spreads across the world, it has overwhelmed healthcare systems, strangled the global economy and led to a devastating loss of life. Widespread efforts from regulators, clinicians and scientists are driving a rapid expansion of knowledge of the SARS-CoV2 virus and the COVID-19 disease. We review the most current data with a focus on our basic understanding of the mechanism(s) of disease and translation to the clinical syndrome and potential therapeutics. We discuss the basic virology, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, multi-organ consequences, and outcomes. With a focus on cardiovascular complications, we propose several mechanisms of injury. The virology and potential mechanism of injury form the basis for a discussion of potential disease-modifying therapies."}, {"pmid": 32368885, "title": "Electrotherapy and electrophysiology procedures during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: an opinion of the Heart Rhythm Section of the Polish Cardiac Society (with an update).", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Kempa, Maciej", "Gulaj, Marcin", "Farkowski, Michal M", "Przybylski, Andrzej", "Sterlinski, Maciej", "Mitkowski, Przemyslaw"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368885", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267164, "title": "COVID-19 and Lessons to be Learned from Prior Coronavirus Outbreaks.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Deming, Meagan E", "Chen, Wilbur H"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267164", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475223, "title": "Antiviral effects of probiotic metabolites on COVID-19.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Anwar, Firoz", "Altayb, Hisham N", "Al-Abbasi, Fahad A", "Al-Malki, Abdulrahman L", "Kamal, Mohammad Amjad", "Kumar, Vikas"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475223", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS coronavirus (COVID-19) is a real health challenge of the 21st century for scientists, health workers, politicians, and all humans that has severe cause epidemic worldwide. The virus exerts its pathogenic activity through by mechanism and gains the entry via spike proteins (S) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor proteins on host cells. The present work is an effort for a computational target to block the residual binding protein (RBP) on spike proteins (S), Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor proteins by probiotics namely Plantaricin BN, Plantaricin JLA-9, Plantaricin W, Plantaricin D along with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Docking studies were designed in order to obtain the binding energies for Plantaricin metabolites. The binding energies for Plantaricin W were -14.64, -11.1 and -12.68 for polymerase, RBD and ACE2 respectively comparatively very high with other compounds. Plantaricin W, D, and JLA-9 were able to block the residues (THR556, ALA558) surrounding the deep grove catalytic site (VAL557) of RdRp making them more therapeutically active for COVID-19. Molecular dynamics studies further strengthen stability of the complexes of plantaricin w and SARS-CoV-2 RdRp enzyme, RBD of spike protein, and human ACE2 receptor. The present study present multi-way options either by blocking RBD on S proteins or interaction of S protein with ACE2 receptor proteins or inhibiting RdRp to counter any effect of COVID-19 by Plantaricin molecules paving a way that can be useful in the treatment of COVID-19 until some better option will be available.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32512077, "title": "Post-lockdown management of oncological priorities and postponed radiation therapy following the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience of the institut curie.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Beddok, Arnaud", "Calugaru, Valentin", "Minsat, Mathieu", "Dendale, Remi", "De Oliveira, Aurelien", "Costa, Emilie", "Goudjil, Farid", "Belshi, Rezart", "Pierrat, Noelle", "Rochas, Christophe", "Gravigny, Anne Catherine", "Soisick, Lucas", "Fleury, Helene Colella", "Crehange, Gilles"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512077", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376100, "pmcid": "PMC7167570", "title": "COVID-19: Challenges and Opportunities for Educators and Generation Z Learners.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Marshall, Ariela L", "Wolanskyj-Spinner, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376100", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383179, "pmcid": "PMC7267546", "title": "Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection from nasopharyngeal swab samples by the Roche cobas 6800 SARS-CoV-2 test and a laboratory-developed real-time RT-PCR test.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Pujadas, Elisabet", "Ibeh, Nnaemeka", "Hernandez, Matthew M", "Waluszko, Aneta", "Sidorenko, Tatyana", "Flores, Vanessa", "Shiffrin, Biana", "Chiu, Numthip", "Young-Francois, Alicia", "Nowak, Michael D", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto E", "Sordillo, Emilia M", "Cordon-Cardo, Carlos", "Houldsworth, Jane", "Gitman, Melissa R"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383179", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The urgent need to implement and rapidly expand testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has led to the development of multiple assays. How these tests perform relative to one another is poorly understood. We evaluated the concordance between the Roche Diagnostics cobas 6800 SARS-CoV-2 test and a laboratory-developed test (LDT) real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction based on a modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention protocol, for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in samples submitted to the Clinical Laboratories of the Mount Sinai Health System. A total of 1006 nasopharyngeal swabs in universal transport medium from persons under investigation were tested for SARS-CoV-2 as part of routine clinical care using the cobas SARS-CoV-2 test with subsequent evaluation by the LDT. Cycle threshold values were analyzed and interpreted as either positive (\"detected\" or \"presumptive positive\"), negative (not detected), inconclusive, or invalid. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8. The cobas SARS-CoV-2 test reported 706 positive and 300 negative results. The LDT reported 640 positive, 323 negative, 34 inconclusive, and 9 invalid results. When excluding inconclusive and invalid results, the overall percent agreement between the two platforms was 95.8%. Cohen's \u03ba coefficient was 0.904 (95% confidence interval, 0.875-0.933), suggesting almost perfect agreement between both platforms. An overall discordance rate of 4.2% between the two systems may reflect differences in primer sequences, assay limit of detection, or other factors, highlighting the importance of comparing the performance of different testing platforms."}, {"pmid": 32317197, "pmcid": "PMC7194619", "title": "Health anxiety and behavioural changes of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Corbett, Gillian A", "Milne, Sarah J", "Hehir, Mark P", "Lindow, Stephen W", "O'connell, Michael P"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317197", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212981, "title": "A Message to Our Community in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Hum Gene Ther", "authors": ["Flotte, Terence R Editor-in-Chief"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212981", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393467, "title": "Covid-19: Hong Kong government supplies reusable face masks to all residents.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Parry, Jane"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393467", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461419, "title": "Commentary: Exploring the transmission of COVID-19 through the ocular surface.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Joseph, Joveeta"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461419", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398577, "title": "Nursing Perspectives on the Impacts of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nurs Res", "authors": ["Chen, Shu-Ching", "Lai, Yeur-Hur", "Tsay, Shiow-Luan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398577", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213339, "pmcid": "PMC7156149", "title": "Cancer care in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Burki, Talha Khan"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213339", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267732, "title": "Considerations for Drug Interactions on QTc in Exploratory COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Treatment.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Roden, Dan M", "Harrington, Robert A", "Poppas, Athena", "Russo, Andrea M"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267732", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303650, "title": "Miller Fisher Syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Gutierrez-Ortiz, Consuelo", "Mendez, Antonio", "Rodrigo-Rey, Sara", "San Pedro-Murillo, Eduardo", "Bermejo-Guerrero, Laura", "Gordo-Manas, Ricardo", "de Aragon-Gomez, Fernando", "Benito-Leon, Julian"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303650", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report two patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) who acutely presented with Miller Fisher syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis, respectively. Patient data were obtained from medical records from the University Hospital \"Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias\", Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain and from the University Hospital \"12 de Octubre\", Madrid, Spain. The first patient was a 50-year-old man who presented with anosmia, ageusia, right internuclear ophthalmoparesis, right fascicular oculomotor palsy, ataxia, areflexia, albuminocytologic dissociation and positive testing for GD1b-IgG antibodies. Five days before, he had developed a cough, malaise, headache, low back pain, and a fever. The second patient was a 39-year-old man who presented with ageusia, bilateral abducens palsy, areflexia and albuminocytologic dissociation. Three days before, he had developed diarrhea, a low-grade fever, and a poor general condition. The oropharyngeal swab test for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by qualitative real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction assay was positive in both patients and negative in the cerebrospinal fluid. The first patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and the second, with acetaminophen. Two weeks later, both patients made a complete neurological recovery, except for residual anosmia and ageusia in the first case. Our two cases highlight the rare occurrence of Miller Fisher syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis during the COVID-2 pandemic. Neurological manifestations may occur because of an aberrant immune response to COVID-19. The full clinical spectrum of neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19 remains to be characterized."}, {"pmid": 32474751, "pmcid": "PMC7260468", "title": "Appropriate arrangement of cancer treatment after COVID-19 epidemic peaks in China.", "journal": "J Cancer Res Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Mo, Hongnan", "Liu, Binliang", "Ma, Fei"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474751", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is causing a lot of problems in health services around the world, especially in medical institutions receiving cancer patients. On March 12, China's National Health Commission announced that the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic has passed in China. Thus, a proper arrangement of medication, surgery and radiotherapy for patients with cancer is of vital importance after the epidemic peak. A range of measures have been implemented in our center. Specific patients take priority for chemotherapy treatment. The amount of semi-elective and elective surgeries could be gradually increased beyond urgent and emergency surgery. The hypofractionated radiotherapy is recommended in the right circumstances. On March 13, our center announced that more than 5000 visits of chemotherapy and radiotherapy are arranged in our outpatient clinics and none of our patients and staffs have been diagnosed with COVID-19 as of March 28, 2020. The rational arrangement we make now may be helpful to the future restoration of cancer treatments in other countries."}, {"pmid": 32403068, "pmcid": "PMC7252107", "title": "The big challenge for neurologists in treating patients with multiple sclerosis in the post-COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403068", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171872, "pmcid": "PMC7156152", "title": "Arbidol combined with LPV/r versus LPV/r alone against Corona Virus Disease 2019: A retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Deng, Lisi", "Li, Chunna", "Zeng, Qi", "Liu, Xi", "Li, Xinghua", "Zhang, Haitang", "Hong, Zhongsi", "Xia, Jinyu"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171872", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China. We aimed to compare arbidol and lopinavir/ritonavir(LPV/r) treatment for patients with COVID-19 with LPV/r only. In this retrospective cohort study, we included adults (age\u226518years) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 without Invasive ventilation, diagnosed between Jan 17, 2020, and Feb 13, 2020. Patients, diagnosed after Jan 17, 2020, were given oral arbidol and LPV/r in the combination group and oral LPV/r only in the monotherapy group for 5-21 days. The primary endpoint was a negative conversion rate of coronavirus from the date of COVID-19 diagnosis(day7, day14), and assessed whether the pneumonia was progressing or improving by chest CT (day7). We analyzed 16 patients who received oral arbidol and LPV/r in the combination group and 17 who oral LPV/r only in the monotherapy group, and both initiated after diagnosis. Baseline clinical, laboratory, and chest CT characteristics were similar between groups. The SARS-CoV-2 could not be detected for 12(75%) of 16 patients' nasopharyngeal specimens in the combination group after seven days, compared with 6 (35%) of 17 in the monotherapy group (p < 0\u00b705). After 14 days, 15 (94%) of 16 and 9 (52\u00b79%) of 17, respectively, SARS-CoV-2 could not be detected (p < 0\u00b705). The chest CT scans were improving for 11(69%) of 16 patients in the combination group after seven days, compared with 5(29%) of 17 in the monotherapy group (p < 0\u00b705). In patients with COVID-19, the apparent favorable clinical response with arbidol and LPV/r supports further LPV/r only."}, {"pmid": 32336956, "pmcid": "PMC7169369", "title": "Thrombosis management in times of COVID-19 epidemy; a Dutch perspective.", "journal": "Thromb J", "authors": ["Ten Cate, Hugo"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336956", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396504, "title": "Abdominal Visceral Infarction in 3 Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Besutti, Giulia", "Bonacini, Riccardo", "Iotti, Valentina", "Marini, Giulia", "Riva, Nicoletta", "Dolci, Giovanni", "Maiorana, Mariarosa", "Spaggiari, Lucia", "Monelli, Filippo", "Ligabue, Guido", "Guaraldi, Giovanni", "Rossi, Paolo Giorgi", "Pattacini, Pierpaolo", "Massari, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396504", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A high incidence of thrombotic events has been reported in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We report 3 clinical cases of patients in Italy with COVID-19 who developed abdominal viscera infarction, demonstrated by computed tomography."}, {"pmid": 32503857, "title": "Clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases treated with biological and synthetic targeted therapies.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Sanchez-Piedra, Carlos", "Diaz-Torne, Cesar", "Manero, Javier", "Pego-Reigosa, Jose M", "Rua-Figueroa, Inigo", "Gonzalez-Gay, Miguel A", "Gomez-Reino, Juan", "Alvaro-Gracia, Jose M"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503857", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347745, "pmcid": "PMC7196891", "title": "Ethical aspects of the COVID-19 crisis: How to deal with an overwhelming shortage of acute beds.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care", "authors": ["Vincent, Jean-Louis", "Creteur, Jacques"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347745", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has and continues to put huge pressure on intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. Many patients with COVID-19 require some form of respiratory support and often have prolonged ICU stays, which results in a critical shortage of ICU beds. It is therefore not always physically possible to treat all the patients who require intensive care, raising major ethical dilemmas related to which patients should benefit from the limited resources and which should not. Here we consider some of the approaches to the acute shortages seen during this and other epidemics, including some guidelines for triaging ICU admissions and treatments."}, {"pmid": 32181302, "pmcid": "PMC7063124", "title": "Application of the ARIMA model on the COVID-2019 epidemic dataset.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Benvenuto, Domenico", "Giovanetti, Marta", "Vassallo, Lazzaro", "Angeletti, Silvia", "Ciccozzi, Massimo"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181302", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) has been recognized as a global threat, and several studies are being conducted using various mathematical models to predict the probable evolution of this epidemic. These mathematical models based on various factors and analyses are subject to potential bias. Here, we propose a simple econometric model that could be useful to predict the spread of COVID-2019. We performed Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model prediction on the Johns Hopkins epidemiological data to predict the epidemiological trend of the prevalence and incidence of COVID-2019. For further comparison or for future perspective, case definition and data collection have to be maintained in real time."}, {"pmid": 32515369, "title": "COVID-19: What have we learnt, and plan for the future.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Pankajakshan, Aswin", "Prasannan, Athira", "Chaudhary, Sandeep"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515369", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread like wildfire and affected almost every stratum of society. It has brought humans together and taught us to have compassion and collaboration among individuals, governments and organisations. Adequate protection of healthcare workers who are at the frontline must be taken care of. Good hygiene and social distancing go a long way in controlling an epidemic. We must strive towards building more balanced and sustainable models and healthcare systems in the future as we try to successfully emerge from this outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32389631, "pmcid": "PMC7146711", "title": "Pharmacy Emergency Preparedness and Response (PEPR): a proposed framework for expanding pharmacy professionals' roles and contributions to emergency preparedness and response during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Aruru, Meghana", "Truong, Hoai-An", "Clark, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389631", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pharmacists have long been involved in public health and emergency preparedness and response (EP&R), including through preventive measures such as screening, vaccinations, testing, medical and pharmaceutical countermeasures, as well as ensuring medication safety and access during natural disasters and pandemics. Pharmacy professionals are considered essential partners in response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Community and hospital pharmacies are expanding services and hours to provide essential services, putting pharmacists and their co-workers at the frontlines for patient care and safety to improve public health. In addition, pharmacy professionals are increasingly integrating into global, national, state and local EP&R efforts, including into interprofessional teams, such as Medical Reserve Corps (MRCs). However, lacunae exist for further integration of pharmacists into public health and safety initiatives. There are increasing opportunities and recommendations that should be expanded upon to provide improved patient care and population health interventions, and to ensure healthcare worker and public health safety. Develop a Pharmacy Emergency Preparedness and Response (PEPR) Framework and recommendations for pharmacy professional pathways towards full integration within public health EP&R efforts (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), and enhanced recognition of pharmacists' skills, roles and contributions as integral members of the interprofessional healthcare team. This paper draws on the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) 2003 Statement on the Role of Health-System Pharmacists in Emergency Preparedness and lessons learned from previous and current public health emergencies, such as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and the current COVID-19 pandemic, to provide expanded guidance for pharmacists and pharmacy professionals across all practice settings in EP&R. The proposed PEPR framework also incorporates information and recommendations from The Pharmacy Organizations' Joint Policy Recommendations to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic (March 2020), CDC-NIOSH, International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Guidance, health departments and emergency preparedness guidance and resources, Boards of Pharmacy, and other pharmacy professional organizations and educational institutions. Based on methods and resources utilized in developing this proposed PEPR Framework, five key focus areas were identified, as follows: CONCLUSION: Pharmacists and pharmacy professionals have been at the frontlines in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, challenges remain, such as limited availability of personal protection equipment, high risk of infectious exposures inherent in healthcare professions, and legislative hurdles resulting in lack of provider status and related reimbursements. Recommendations to enhance pharmacy's scope as public health professionals involved in EP&R include targeted training and education on key framework areas and policymaking. Pharmacy professionals should further integrate with interdisciplinary public health teams. Additional research and dissemination on impacts and outcomes of EP&R can enhance recognition of pharmacy professionals' contribution and value during public health emergencies. The proposed PEPR Framework can be utilized to develop, implement, evaluate, and disseminate results in order to strengthen existing efforts and to establish new initiatives in EP&R."}, {"pmid": 32374264, "pmcid": "PMC7224168", "title": "Delivering Benefits at Speed Through Real-World Repurposing of Off-Patent Drugs: The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Case in Point.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Rogosnitzky, Moshe", "Berkowitz, Esther", "Jadad, Alejandro R"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374264", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Real-world drug repurposing-the immediate \"off-label\" prescribing of drugs to address urgent clinical needs-is a widely overlooked opportunity. Off-label prescribing (ie, for a nonapproved indication) is legal in most countries and tends to shift the burden of liability and cost to physicians and patients, respectively. Nevertheless, health crises may mean that real-world repurposing is the only realistic source for solutions. Optimal real-world repurposing requires a track record of safety, affordability, and access for drug candidates. Although thousands of such drugs are already available, there is no central repository of off-label uses to facilitate immediate identification and selection of potentially useful interventions during public health crises. Using the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic as an example, we provide a glimpse of the extensive literature that supports the rationale behind six generic drugs, in four classes, all of which are affordable, supported by decades of safety data, and targeted toward the underlying pathophysiology that makes COVID-19 so deadly. This paper briefly summarizes why cimetidine or famotidine, dipyridamole, fenofibrate or bezafibrate, and sildenafil citrate are worth considering for patients with COVID-19. Clinical trials to assess efficacy are already underway for famotidine, dipyridamole, and sildenafil, and further trials of all these agents will be important in due course. These examples also reveal the unlimited opportunity to future-proof our health care systems by proactively mining, synthesizing, cataloging, and evaluating the off-label treatment opportunities of thousands of safe, well-established, and affordable generic drugs."}, {"pmid": 32496074, "title": "Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and nationwide lockdown on trust, attitudes toward government, and well-being.", "journal": "Am Psychol", "authors": ["Sibley, Chris G", "Greaves, Lara M", "Satherley, Nicole", "Wilson, Marc S", "Overall, Nickola C", "Lee, Carol H J", "Milojev, Petar", "Bulbulia, Joseph", "Osborne, Danny", "Milfont, Taciano L", "Houkamau, Carla A", "Duck, Isabelle M", "Vickers-Jones, Raine", "Barlow, Fiona Kate"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496074", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The contagiousness and deadliness of COVID-19 have necessitated drastic social management to halt transmission. The immediate effects of a nationwide lockdown were investigated by comparing matched samples of New Zealanders assessed before (Nprelockdown = 1,003) and during the first 18 days of lockdown (Nlockdown = 1,003). Two categories of outcomes were examined: (a) institutional trust and attitudes toward the nation and government and (b) health and well-being. Applying propensity score matching to approximate the conditions of a randomized controlled experiment, the study found that people in the pandemic/lockdown group reported higher trust in science, politicians, and police, higher levels of patriotism, and higher rates of mental distress compared to people in the prelockdown prepandemic group. Results were confirmed in within-subjects analyses. The study highlights social connectedness, resilience, and vulnerability in the face of adversity and has applied implications for how countries face this global challenge. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32473667, "pmcid": "PMC7255760", "title": "Offline: After COVID-19-is an \"alternate society\" possible?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473667", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389878, "pmcid": "PMC7204692", "title": "EARLY REPORT ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN NEUROSURGICAL PRACTICE AMONG MEMBERS OF THE LATIN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF NEUROSURGICAL SOCIETIES.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Jose Antonio, Soriano Sanchez", "Tito, Perilla", "Marcelo, Zenteno", "Alvaro, Campero", "Claudio, Yampolsky", "Mauro, Loyo Varela", "Manuel Eduardo, Soto Garcia", "Jose Alberto Israel, Romero Rangel"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe economic consequences by local governmental measures to contain the outbreak. We provide insight on the impact that health care restriction has made on neurosurgical activity in Latin Iberoamerica. We performed an internet-based survey among presidents and members of the societies of the Latin American Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (FLANC). We blindly analyzed information regarding local conditions and their impact on neurosurgical praxis using SPSS software. Information came from 21 countries. Sixteen society presidents reported having suspended regular activities and deferring local scheduled congresses, 14 reported mandatory isolation by government, and 4 instituted a telemedicine project. Four-hundred eighty-six colleagues, mean age 49 years, reported a mean 79% reduction in their neurosurgical praxis. Seventy-six percent of neurosurgeons have savings to self-support for 3-6 months if restrictions are long lasting. Stopping activities among societies of the FLANC, together with a drop of 79% of neurosurgical praxis, adds to deficits in provider's protection equipment and increasing demand for attention in the health care systems, representing a huge financial risk to their sustainability. Neurosurgeons should be involved in local policies to protect health and economy. Telemedicine represents an excellent solution, avoiding another pandemic of severe diseases across all-specialties as nonessential care can turn essential if left untreated. Financial support and ethics code review is needed to battle this new disease, designated the occupational disease of the decade, that continues to scrag the health care system. Times of crisis are times of great opportunities for humanity to evolve."}, {"pmid": 32319879, "pmcid": "PMC7176490", "title": "The depressive state of Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Neuropsychiatr", "authors": ["Sonderskov, Kim Mannemar", "Dinesen, Peter Thisted", "Santini, Ziggi Ivan", "Ostergaard, Soren Dinesen"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319879", "countries": ["Denmark"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267556, "pmcid": "PMC7262098", "title": "COVID-19: Important Therapy Considerations and Approaches in this Hour of Need.", "journal": "Pharmacotherapy", "authors": ["Lodise, Thomas P", "Rybak, Michael J"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267556", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519138, "title": "Outrunning Burnout in a GI Fellowship Program During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dig Dis Sci", "authors": ["Ong, Andrew Ming-Liang"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519138", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many GI training programs have needed to adjust to the serious disruption to the training and education of fellows worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A silent problem that has arisen within programs is the issue of burnout among their trainees. Burnout is common among gastroenterologists, especially in fellows (Keswani et al. in Gastroenterology 147(1):11-14, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2014.05.023, Am J Gastroenterol 106(10):1734-1740, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2011.148), with negative consequences to patient care and the safety of the trainees if not effectively dealt with. In this article, the author describes several additional factors potentially contributing to the intensifying burnout of the fellows in their home institution during this pandemic. Moreover, he describes specific practical interventions that the hospital and program have taken in order to address these factors."}, {"pmid": 32451268, "pmcid": "PMC7200343", "title": "The Australian Institute of Sport framework for rebooting sport in a COVID-19 environment.", "journal": "J Sci Med Sport", "authors": ["Hughes, David", "Saw, Richard", "Perera, Nirmala Kanthi Panagodage", "Mooney, Mathew", "Wallett, Alice", "Cooke, Jennifer", "Coatsworth, Nick", "Broderick, Carolyn"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451268", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sport makes an important contribution to the physical, psychological and emotional well-being of Australians. The economic contribution of sport is equivalent to 2-3% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects on communities globally, leading to significant restrictions on all sectors of society, including sport. Resumption of sport can significantly contribute to the re-establishment of normality in Australian society. The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), in consultation with sport partners (National Institute Network (NIN) Directors, NIN Chief Medical Officers (CMOs), National Sporting Organisation (NSO) Presidents, NSO Performance Directors and NSO CMOs), has developed a framework to inform the resumption of sport. National Principles for Resumption of Sport were used as a guide in the development of 'the AIS Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment' (the AIS Framework); and based on current best evidence, and guidelines from the Australian Federal Government, extrapolated into the sporting context by specialists in sport and exercise medicine, infectious diseases and public health. The principles outlined in this document apply to high performance/professional, community and individual passive (non-contact) sport. The AIS Framework is a timely tool of minimum baseline of standards, for 'how' reintroduction of sport activity will occur in a cautious and methodical manner, based on the best available evidence to optimise athlete and community safety. Decisions regarding the timing of resumption (the 'when') of sporting activity must be made in close consultation with Federal, State/Territory and/or Local Public Health Authorities. The priority at all times must be to preserve public health, minimising the risk of community transmission."}, {"pmid": 32301491, "pmcid": "PMC7184471", "title": "Airborne or droplet precautions for health workers treating COVID-19?", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bahl, Prateek", "Doolan, Con", "de Silva, Charitha", "Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad", "Bourouiba, Lydia", "MacIntyre, C Raina"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301491", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cases of COVID-19 have been reported in over 200 countries. Thousands of health workers have been infected and outbreaks have occurred in hospitals, aged care facilities and prisons. World Health Organization (WHO) has issued guidelines for contact and droplet precautions for Healthcare Workers (HCWs) caring for suspected COVID-19 patients, whilst the US Centre for Disease Control (CDC) has recommended airborne precautions. The 1 - 2 m (\u22483 - 6 ft) rule of spatial separation is central to droplet precautions and assumes large droplets do not travel further than 2 m (\u22486 ft). We aimed to review the evidence for horizontal distance travelled by droplets and the guidelines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), US Center for Diseases Control (CDC) and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) on respiratory protection for COVID-19. We found that the evidence base for current guidelines is sparse, and the available data do not support the 1 - 2 m (\u22483 - 6 ft) rule of spatial separation. Of ten studies on horizontal droplet distance, eight showed droplets travel more than 2 m (\u22486 ft), in some cases more than 8 meters (\u224826 ft). Several studies of SARS-CoV-2 support aerosol transmission and one study documented virus at a distance of 4 meters (\u224813 ft) from the patient. Moreover, evidence suggests infections cannot neatly be separated into the dichotomy of droplet versus airborne transmission routes. Available studies also show that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in the air, 3 hours after aeroslisation. The weight of combined evidence supports airborne precautions for the occupational health and safety of health workers treating patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32355008, "title": "COVID-19 shot protects monkeys.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355008", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397851, "title": "President's message: the impact of the COVID-19 public health emergency on the practice of addiction medicine.", "journal": "J Addict Dis", "authors": ["Kmiec, Julie"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227511, "title": "Pulmonary infiltration shadows associated with acute aortic dissection mimicking coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Hamasaki, Azumi", "Kikuchi, Chizuo", "Hirota, Masataka", "Niinami, Hiroshi"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227511", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In acute aortic dissection, various findings can be found in computed tomography. However, pulmonary infiltration is rarely observed. A 57-year-old man was diagnosed with acute aortic dissection (AAD), but had marked infiltration shadows in his right lung. Intraoperative findings showed that large subadventitial hematomas had spread from the ascending aorta to the right pulmonary artery, which may have caused the infiltration of the lung. Subadventitial hematoma must be considered in rare cases of AAD with pulmonary infiltration."}, {"pmid": 32292015, "title": "Features and Limitations of LitCovid Hub for Quick Access to Literature About COVID-19", "journal": "Balkan Med J", "authors": ["Arab-Zozani, Morteza", "Hassanipour, Soheil"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292015", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32102928, "title": "Diarrhoea may be underestimated: a missing link in 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Liang, Weicheng", "Feng, Zhijie", "Rao, Shitao", "Xiao, Cuicui", "Xue, Xingyang", "Lin, Zexiao", "Zhang, Qi", "Qi, Wei"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32102928", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416433, "pmcid": "PMC7201225", "title": "Metronomic oral vinorelbine and lung cancer therapy during the COVID 19 pandemic: A single-center experience.", "journal": "Lung Cancer", "authors": ["Rossi, David"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416433", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID 19 pandemic is a worldwide health emergency. Every single Hospital and Department was forced to radically modify clinical practice decreasing or stopping daily activities. Oncological patients had to carry on treatments in order to prevent disease progression and improve their quality of life. However, many health workers may be a potential source of infection if not tested with swabs but this diagnostic procedure was not suitable universally in Italy. Aiming to reduce hospitalization of our patients with advanced lung cancer, vinorelbine in its metronomic formulation is one of the best strategy. Here, we report the experience with oral vinorelbine in a few patients of our Oncology Department."}, {"pmid": 32471008, "title": "Ethical considerations for paediatrics during the COVID-19 pandemic: A discussion paper from the Australian Paediatric Clinical Ethics Collaboration.", "journal": "J Paediatr Child Health", "authors": ["Jansen, Melanie", "Irving, Helen", "Gillam, Lynn", "Sharwood, Erin", "Preisz, Anne", "Basu, Shreerupa", "Delaney, Clare", "McDougall, Rosalind", "Johnston, Carolyn", "Isaacs, David", "Lister, Paula"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471008", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391308, "pmcid": "PMC7193021", "title": "COVID-19 Trend Estimation in the Elderly Italian Region of Sardinia.", "journal": "Front Public Health", "authors": ["Puci, Mariangela Valentina", "Loi, Federica", "Ferraro, Ottavia Eleonora", "Cappai, Stefano", "Rolesu, Sandro", "Montomoli, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391308", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "December 2019 saw a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) from China quickly spread globally. Currently, COVID-19, defined as the new pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), has reached over 750,000 confirmed cases worldwide. The virus began to spread in Italy from the 22nd February, and the number of related cases is still increasing. Furthermore, given that a relevant proportion of infected people need hospitalization in Intensive Care Units, this may be a crucial issue for National Healthcare System's capacity. WHO underlines the importance of specific disease regional estimates. Because of this, Italy aimed to put in place proportioned and controlled measures, and to guarantee adequate funding to both increase the number of ICU beds and increase production of personal protective equipment. Our aim is to investigate the current COVID-19 epidemiological context in Sardinia region (Italy) and to estimate the transmission parameters using a stochastic model to establish the number of infected, recovered, and deceased people expected. Based on available data from official Italian and regional sources, we describe the distribution of infected cases during the period between 2nd and 15th March 2020. To better reflect the actual spread of COVID-19 in Sardinia based on data from 15th March (first Sardinian declared outbreak), two Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Dead (SIRD) models have been developed, describing the best and worst scenarios. We believe that our findings represent a valid contribution to better understand the epidemiological context of COVID-19 in Sardinia. Our analysis can help health authorities and policymakers to address the right interventions to deal with the rapidly expanding health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32243846, "pmcid": "PMC7128146", "title": "Message from the Editor: Stem Cell Science in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Stem Cell Reports", "authors": ["Pera, Martin"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243846", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243566, "pmcid": "PMC7228282", "title": "Los derechos humanos de los ninos con discapacidad durante emergencias sanitarias: el desafio de COVID-19.", "journal": "Dev Med Child Neurol", "authors": ["Schiariti, Veronica"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243566", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282359, "pmcid": "PMC7253039", "title": "Rehabilitation After Critical Illness in People With COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Simpson, Robert", "Robinson, Larry"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282359", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic will place enormous pressure on healthcare systems around the world. Large numbers of people are predicted to become critically ill with acute respiratory distress syndrome and will require management in intensive care units. High levels of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial impairments can be anticipated. Rehabilitation providers will serve as an important link in the continuum of care, helping move patients on from acute sites to eventual discharge to the community. Likely impairment patterns, considerations for healthcare practitioner resilience, and organization of services to meet demand are discussed. Innovative approaches to care, such as virtual rehabilitation, are likely to become common in this environment."}, {"pmid": 32420943, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescents: An update on current clinical and diagnostic characteristics.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["De Sanctis, Vincenzo", "Ruggiero, Leopoldo", "Soliman, Ashraf T", "Daar, Shahina", "Di Maio, Salvatore", "Kattamis, Christos"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420943", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is defined as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, fatigue, cough, breathing difficulty that may lead to respiratory distress; a small population of patients may have diarrhea, nausea or vomiting. The highest infection rate occurs in adults; however, neonates, children, and adolescents can also be infected. As the outbreak continues to spread worldwide, attention has switched toward determinants of clinical manifes- tations and disease severity. The situation surrounding the outbreak is rapidly evolving and the information and recommendations are changing as new information becomes available. This paper summarises the cur- rent findings (April 3,2020) from a systematic literature review on the current knowledge of COVID-19 in adolescents (10-19 years according to the WHO definition) and reports the preliminary epidemiological data stated by the Italian National Institute of Health."}, {"pmid": 32521811, "title": "Preparing for the Next Wave of COVID-19: Resilience in the Face of a Spreading Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Steiner, Gerald", "Zenk, Lukas", "Schernhammer, Eva"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521811", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 painfully demonstrates how little resilience our societies have to novel viruses. Societies, decision makers, and scientists lack (1) a comprehensive understanding of the complexity of viral outbreaks and their impact on society; (2) intervention portfolios; and (3) a global crisis and resilience policy, all of which are required to develop appropriate measures and to improve societal resilience. We highlight COVID-19 immunity as one key benchmark in preparation for the next wave of the pandemic. Specifically, using network scenarios, we demonstrate the substantial advantage of reintegrating health care workers with acquired COVID-19 immunity in epidemic hotspots, which would not only enable their safe contribution to the health care system but also drastically contain further spread."}, {"pmid": 32417313, "pmcid": "PMC7228714", "title": "Unfavorable outcomes in pregnant patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Huang, Wenhui", "Zhao, Zhiwei", "He, Zicong", "Liu, Shuyi", "Wu, Qingxia", "Zhang, Xiaoping", "Qiu, Xiaoming", "Yuan, Huanchu", "Yang, Ke", "Tang, Xiaomei", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417313", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527302, "title": "Non-invasive ventilation in the treatment of early hypoxemic respiratory failure caused by COVID-19: considering nasal CPAP as the first choice.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Guan, Lili", "Zhou, Luqian", "Le Grange, Jehane Michael", "Zheng, Zeguang", "Chen, Rongchang"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527302", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331519, "pmcid": "PMC7180682", "title": "Successful recovery of COVID-19 pneumonia in a patient from Colombia after receiving chloroquine and clarithromycin.", "journal": "Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob", "authors": ["Millan-Onate, Jose", "Millan, William", "Mendoza, Luis Alfonso", "Sanchez, Carlos Guillermo", "Fernandez-Suarez, Hugo", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331519", "countries": ["Colombia", "Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemics is a challenge for public health and infectious diseases clinicians, especially for the therapeutical approach that is not yet adequately defined. Amid this situation, investigational agents are being used, including chloroquine. We report here the clinical features and therapeutic course of the first reported patient with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia that recovered in Colombia, after the use of chloroquine and clarithromycin. A 34-year-old male, returning from Spain, presented with complaints of fever, and cough, and class-II obesity, being hospitalized. The respiratory viruses and bacteria tested by FilmArray\u00ae PCR were negative. Two days later, clarithromycin was started because the patient was suspected as community-acquired pneumonia. At the third day, the rRT-PCR confirmed the SARS-CoV-2 infection. A day later, chloroquine was started because of that. His chest computed tomography was performed and showed bilateral multifocal ground-glass opacities with consolidation, which suggested viral pneumonia as a differential diagnosis. Progressively his clinical condition improved and at day 9, patient rRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 became negative. The patient was discharged and isolated at home per 14\u00a0days. Our patient improved significantly. This and other COVID-19 cases are urgently demanding results from clinical trials that support evidence-based therapeutical approaches to this pandemic and the clinical management of patients, especially those at critical care."}, {"pmid": 32433778, "title": "Protective role of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Thibaud, Santiago", "Tremblay, Douglas", "Bhalla, Sheena", "Zimmerman, Brittney", "Sigel, Keith", "Gabrilove, Janice"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433778", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388162, "pmcid": "PMC7198171", "title": "On airborne transmission and control of SARS-Cov-2.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Yao, Maosheng", "Zhang, Lu", "Ma, Jianxin", "Zhou, Lian"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388162", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is creating a havoc situation across the globe that modern society has ever seen. Despite of their paramount importance, the transmission routes of SARS-Cov-2 still remain debated among various sectors. Evidences compiled here strongly suggest that the COVID-19 could be transmitted via air in inadequately ventilated environments. Existing experimental data showed that coronavirus survival was negatively impacted by ozone, high temperature and low humidity. Here, regression analysis showed that the spread of SARS-Cov-2 was reduced by increasing ambient ozone concentration level from 48.83 to 94.67\u00a0\u03bcg/m3 (p-value\u00a0=\u00a00.039) and decreasing relative humidity from 23.33 to 82.67% (p-value\u00a0=\u00a00.002) and temperature from -13.17 to 19\u00a0\u00b0C) (p-value\u00a0=\u00a00.003) observed for Chinese cities during Jan-March 2020. Besides using these environmental implications, social distancing and wearing a mask are strongly encouraged to maximize the fight against the COVID-19 airborne transmission. At no other time than now are the scientists in various disciplines around the world badly needed by the society to collectively confront this disastrous pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32218525, "title": "COVID-19: Biomedical research in a world under social-distancing measures.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Arnold, Carrie"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218525", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293714, "pmcid": "PMC7262032", "title": "Concomitant neurological symptoms observed in a patient diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yin, Rong", "Feng, Wei", "Wang, Tonghui", "Chen, Gang", "Wu, Tao", "Chen, Dongrui", "Lv, Tangfeng", "Xiang, Dawei"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293714", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There has been a global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since December 2019. In clinical practice, not only fever and respiratory tract symptoms but also multiple organ symptoms are observed in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Herein, we report a rare case of a patient diagnosed with COVID-19 who manifested with concomitant neurological symptoms. The patient developed fever and respiratory symptoms at disease onset, followed by muscle soreness, and subsequently altered consciousness and psychiatric symptoms, with positive signs based on neurological examination. The patient tested positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid (throat swab). Further, chest computed tomography (CT) revealed typical COVID-19 findings, and head CT did not reveal significant abnormalities. The patient recovered after treatment and was discharged. This rare case indicates that SARS-CoV-2 can invade the central nervous system, thus causing neurological symptoms and signs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32485101, "title": "Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) as a Vital Target for Brain Inflammation during the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Yin, Xi-Xi", "Zheng, Xiang-Rong", "Peng, Wang", "Wu, Mao-Lan", "Mao, Xiao-Yuan"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485101", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought a great threat to global public health. Currently, mounting evidence has shown the occurrence of neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19. However, the detailed mechanism by which the SARS-CoV-2 attacks the brain is not well characterized. Recent investigations have revealed that a cytokine storm contributes to brain inflammation and subsequently triggers neurological manifestations during the COVID-19 outbreak. Targeting brain inflammation may provide significant clues to the treatment of neurologic complications caused by SARS-CoV-2. Vascular growth factor (VEGF), which is widely distributed in the brain, probably plays a crucial role in brain inflammation via facilitating the recruitment of inflammatory cells and regulating the level of angiopoietins II (Ang II). Also, Ang II is considered as the products of SARS-CoV-2-attacking target, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Further investigation of the therapeutic potential and the underlying mechanisms of VEGF-targeted drugs on the neurological signs of COVID-19 are warranted. In any case, VEGF is deemed a promising therapeutic target in suppressing inflammation during SARS-CoV-2 infection with neurological symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32484975, "title": "Myocardial injury characterized by elevated cardiac troponin and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19: an insight from a meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Aikawa, Tadao", "Takagi, Hisato", "Ishikawa, Kiyotake", "Kuno, Toshiki"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484975", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Elevation of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) is a surrogate of myocardial injury, which appears to be a common complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between myocardial injury assessed by hs-cTn levels and in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. All existing studies on myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 were retrieved from PubMed and EMBASE through April 13, 2020. In cases where overlap of the study population or enrollment period was found in articles published from the same hospitals, the article with the largest number of patients was only included in the analysis. The pooled odds ratio was calculated using inverse variance weighted random-effects models. Six observational studies which included a total of 1,231 patients met the search criteria. The percentage of patients with hs-cTn levels varied across the studies (13-41%). Elevated hs-cTn levels were significantly associated with an increase in in-hospital mortality (pooled odds ratio, 22.7; 95% confidence interval, 13.6-38.1; P<0.001) with a moderate heterogeneity (I2 =28%), suggesting that elevated hs-cTn levels might be used as a reliable marker of disease severity early in the course of COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32453516, "title": "More on Neurologic Features in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Sarikaya, Basar"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453516", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430621, "pmcid": "PMC7235538", "title": "An Italian multicenter retrospective-prospective observational study on neurological manifestations of COVID-19 (NEUROCOVID).", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Ferrarese, Carlo", "Silani, Vincenzo", "Priori, Alberto", "Galimberti, Stefania", "Agostoni, Elio", "Monaco, Salvatore", "Padovani, Alessandro", "Tedeschi, Gioacchino"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430621", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 have been described in both single case reports and retrospective scanty case series. They may be linked to the potential neurotropism of the SARS-COV-2 virus, as previously demonstrated for other coronaviruses. We report here the description of a multicenter retrospective-prospective observational study promoted by the Italian Society of Neurology (SIN), involving the Italian Neurological Departments, who will consecutively recruit patients with neurological symptoms and/or signs, occurred at the onset or as a complication of COVID-19. Hospitalized patients will be recruited either in neurological wards or in COVID wards; in the latter cases, they will be referred from other specialists to participant neurologists. Outpatients with clinical signs of COVID and neurological manifestations will be also referred to participating neurologists from primary care physicians. A comprehensive data collection, in the form of electronic case report form (eCRF), will register all possible neurological manifestations involving central nervous systems, peripheral nerves, and muscles, together with clinical, laboratory (including cerebrospinal fluid, if available), imaging, neurological, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological data. A follow-up at hospital discharge (in hospitalized patients), and for all patients after 3 and 6 months, is also planned. We believe that this study may help to intercept the full spectrum of neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and, given the large diffusion at national level, can provide a large cohort of patients available for future more focused investigations. Similar observational studies might also be proposed at international level to better define the neurological involvement of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32088333, "pmcid": "PMC7102576", "title": "Lessons learned from the 2019-nCoV epidemic on prevention of future infectious diseases.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Pan, Xingchen", "Ojcius, David M", "Gao, Tianyue", "Li, Zhongsheng", "Pan, Chunhua", "Pan, Chungen"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088333", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Only a month after the outbreak of pneumonia caused by 2019-nCoV, more than forty-thousand people were infected. This put enormous pressure on the Chinese government, medical healthcare provider, and the general public, but also made the international community deeply nervous. On the 25th day after the outbreak, the Chinese government implemented strict traffic restrictions on the area where the 2019-nCoV had originated-Hubei province, whose capital city is Wuhan. Ten days later, the rate of increase of cases in Hubei showed a significant difference (p\u00a0=\u00a00.0001) compared with the total rate of increase in other provinces of China. These preliminary data suggest the effectiveness of a traffic restriction policy for this pandemic thus far. At the same time, solid financial support and improved research ability, along with network communication technology, also greatly facilitated the application of epidemic prevention measures. These measures were motivated by the need to provide effective treatment of patients, and involved consultation with three major groups in policy formulation-public health experts, the government, and the general public. It was also aided by media and information technology, as well as international cooperation. This experience will provide China and other countries with valuable lessons for quickly coordinating and coping with future public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32475851, "title": "COVID-19: Stay Cool toward Corticosteroids.", "journal": "Keio J Med", "authors": ["Fujishima, Seitaro"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475851", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462676, "title": "Telemedicine in nursing homes during the COVID-19 outbreak: A star is born (again).", "journal": "Geriatr Gerontol Int", "authors": ["Cormi, Clement", "Chrusciel, Jan", "Laplanche, David", "Drame, Moustapha", "Sanchez, Stephane"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462676", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345359, "pmcid": "PMC7187668", "title": "The role of telemedicine during the COVID-19 epidemic in China-experience from Shandong province.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Song, Xuan", "Liu, Xinyan", "Wang, Chunting"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345359", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340389, "pmcid": "PMC7231030", "title": "Putative Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease from A Library of Marine Natural Products: A Virtual Screening and Molecular Modeling Study.", "journal": "Mar Drugs", "authors": ["Gentile, Davide", "Patamia, Vincenzo", "Scala, Angela", "Sciortino, Maria Teresa", "Piperno, Anna", "Rescifina, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340389", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current emergency due to the worldwide spread of the COVID-19 caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a great concern for global public health. Already in the past, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012 demonstrates the potential of coronaviruses to cross-species borders and further underlines the importance of identifying new-targeted drugs. An ideal antiviral agent should target essential proteins involved in the lifecycle of SARS-CoV. Currently, some HIV protease inhibitors (i.e., Lopinavir) are proposed for the treatment of COVID-19, although their effectiveness has not yet been assessed. The main protease (Mpr) provides a highly validated pharmacological target for the discovery and design of inhibitors. We identified potent Mpr inhibitors employing computational techniques that entail the screening of a Marine Natural Product (MNP) library. MNP library was screened by a hyphenated pharmacophore model, and molecular docking approaches. Molecular dynamics and re-docking further confirmed the results obtained by structure-based techniques and allowed this study to highlight some crucial aspects. Seventeen potential SARS-CoV-2 Mpr inhibitors have been identified among the natural substances of marine origin. As these compounds were extensively validated by a consensus approach and by molecular dynamics, the likelihood that at least one of these compounds could be bioactive is excellent."}, {"pmid": 32228322, "pmcid": "PMC7191633", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic, coronaviruses, and diabetes mellitus.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Muniyappa, Ranganath", "Gubbi, Sriram"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228322", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Older age and presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity significantly increases the risk for hospitalization and death in COVID-19 patients. In this Perspective, informed by the studies on SARS-CoV-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), and the current literature on SARS-CoV-2, we discuss potential mechanisms by which diabetes modulates the host-viral interactions and host-immune responses. We hope to highlight gaps in knowledge that require further studies pertinent to COVID-19 in patients with diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32312799, "title": "Neurointervention for emergent large vessel occlusion during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["Fiorella, David", "Fargen, Kyle M", "Leslie-Mazwi, Thabele M", "Levitt, Michael", "Probst, Stephen", "Bergese, Sergio", "Hirsch, Joshua A", "Albuquerque, Felipe C"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312799", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520993, "title": "Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Among Attendees of Live Concert Events in Japan Using Contact Tracing Data.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Koizumi, Naoru", "Siddique, Abu Bakkar", "Andalibi, Ali"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520993", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354651, "pmcid": "PMC7167585", "title": "Guidance for the care of neuromuscular patients during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak from the French Rare Health Care for Neuromuscular Diseases Network.", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["Sole, G", "Salort-Campana, E", "Pereon, Y", "Stojkovic, T", "Wahbi, K", "Cintas, P", "Adams, D", "Laforet, P", "Tiffreau, V", "Desguerre, I", "Pisella, L I", "Molon, A", "Attarian, S"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354651", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In France, the epidemic phase of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in February 2020 and resulted in the implementation of emergency measures and a degradation in the organization of neuromuscular reference centers. In this special context, the French Rare Health Care for Neuromuscular Diseases Network (FILNEMUS) has established guidance in an attempt to homogenize the management of neuromuscular (NM) patients within the French territory. Hospitalization should be reserved for emergencies, the conduct of treatments that cannot be postponed, check-ups for which the diagnostic delay may result in a loss of survival chance, and cardiorespiratory assessments for which the delay could be detrimental to the patient. A national strategy was adopted during a period of 1 to 2months concerning treatments usually administered in hospitalization. NM patients treated with steroid/immunosuppressants for a dysimmune pathology should continue all of their treatments in the absence of any manifestations suggestive of COVID-19. A frequently asked questions (FAQ) sheet has been compiled and updated on the FILNEMUS website. Various support systems for self-rehabilitation and guided exercises have been also provided on the website. In the context of NM diseases, particular attention must be paid to two experimental COVID-19 treatments, hydroxycholoroquine and azithromycin: risk of exacerbation of myasthenia gravis and QT prolongation in patients with pre-existing cardiac involvement. The unfavorable emergency context related to COVID-19 may specially affect the potential for intensive care admission (ICU) for people with NMD. In order to preserve the fairest medical decision, a multidisciplinary working group has listed the neuromuscular diseases with a good prognosis, usually eligible for resuscitation admission in ICU and, for other NM conditions, the positive criteria suggesting a good prognosis. Adaptation of the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) make it possible to limit nebulization and continue using NIV in ventilator-dependent patients."}, {"pmid": 32203186, "pmcid": "PMC7091621", "title": "Elevated exhaustion levels and reduced functional diversity of T cells in peripheral blood may predict severe progression in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Zheng, Hong-Yi", "Zhang, Mi", "Yang, Cui-Xian", "Zhang, Nian", "Wang, Xi-Cheng", "Yang, Xin-Ping", "Dong, Xing-Qi", "Zheng, Yong-Tang"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203186", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495101, "pmcid": "PMC7269617", "title": "An Evaluation of the Vulnerable Physician Workforce in the USA During the Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Khera, Rohan", "Dhingra, Lovedeep Singh", "Jain, Snigdha", "Krumholz, Harlan M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495101", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478957, "title": "Adapting STEMI care for the COVID-19 pandemic: The case for low-risk STEMI triage and early discharge.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Lopez, John J", "Ebinger, Joseph E", "Allen, Sorcha", "Yildiz, Mehmet", "Henry, Timothy D"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478957", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic has resulted in the need for rapid assessment of resource utilization within our hospital systems. Specifically, the overwhelming need for intensive care unit (ICU) beds within epicenters of the pandemic has created a need for consideration as to how acute coronary syndrome cases, and specifically ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, are managed postprocedure. While most patients in the United States continue to be managed in coronary care units after primary percutaneous coronary intervention, there is a robust literature regarding the ability to triage STEMI patients safely and efficiently with low-risk features to non-ICU beds. We review the various risk scores for STEMI triage and the data supporting their usage. In summary, these findings support an approach to low-risk STEMI triage that does not come at the expense of quality patient care or outcomes, where up to two-thirds of patients with STEMI may be able to be safely managed without ICU-level care."}, {"pmid": 32361098, "title": "Does infection of 2019 novel coronavirus cause acute and/or chronic sialadenitis?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Wang, Chenxing", "Wu, Heming", "Ding, Xu", "Ji, Huan", "Jiao, Pengfei", "Song, Haiyang", "Li, Sheng", "Du, Hongming"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361098", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is widespread in China and other countries. The target of 2019-nCoV and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) positive cells. ACE2 is present in the salivary gland duct epithelium, and thus it could be the target of 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV. SARS-CoV-related animal model experiments show that it can infect the epithelial cells on the salivary gland duct in Chinese rhesus macaques by targeting ACE2. Clinical studies confirmed that 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV could be detected in saliva of human patients. We hypothesize that the infection of 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV will lead to inflammatory pathological lesions in patients' target organs, and possibly inflammatory lesions in salivary glands. 2019-nCoV may cause acute sialoadenitis in the acute phase of infection. After the acute phase, chronic sialoadenitis may be caused by fibrosis repairment. Although there was no direct evidence to prove this, the available indirect evidence indicates a high probability of our hypothesis."}, {"pmid": 32299650, "pmcid": "PMC7151477", "title": "Comment on \"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of heart transplant recipients during the 2019 coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China\" by Ren et al.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Ambrosi, Pierre"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299650", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32080990, "pmcid": "PMC7036342", "title": "Virus Isolation from the First Patient with SARS-CoV-2 in Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Park, Wan Beom", "Kwon, Nak Jung", "Choi, Su Jin", "Kang, Chang Kyung", "Choe, Pyoeng Gyun", "Kim, Jin Yong", "Yun, Jiyoung", "Lee, Gir Won", "Seong, Moon Woo", "Kim, Nam Joong", "Seo, Jeong Sun", "Oh, Myoung Don"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32080990", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is found to cause a large outbreak started from Wuhan since December 2019 in China and SARS-CoV-2 infections have been reported with epidemiological linkage to China in 25 countries until now. We isolated SARS-CoV-2 from the oropharyngeal sample obtained from the patient with the first laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Korea. Cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the Vero cell cultures were confluent 3 days after the first blind passage of the sample. Coronavirus was confirmed with spherical particle having a fringe reminiscent of crown on transmission electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analyses of whole genome sequences showed that it clustered with other SARS-CoV-2 reported from Wuhan."}, {"pmid": 32267662, "title": "Pregnancy and Sars-Cov-2: A Novel Virus in a Unique Population", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["Mahony, R"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267662", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388136, "pmcid": "PMC7189854", "title": "Nurture to nature via COVID-19, a self-regenerating environmental strategy of environment in global context.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Paital, Biswaranjan"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388136", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has become the largest pandemic that has affected 210 countries. Rolling data indicate that 257,3605 people are infected by the disease, from which 701,838 have recovered and 178,562 have died. No specific medicine or vaccine is available yet to control the disease, hence, social distancing via lockdown is widely adopted as the only preventive measure. Social distancing is observed at different level of strictness in different counties but it almost made the world to stands still. Although scientific articles on this largest social move are scanty, it resulted in benefiting the deteriorated environment to revive back. Many environmental indices such as lowering NO2 and CO2 emissions and reduction in particulate matters in air as a result of less human activities have led to clean air and pollution free water in many countries. Undoubtedly, the world was experiencing pollution in several countries due to mainly human activities including urbanization, industrialization, fossil fuel exhaustion etc. Under such situation a special (natural) a protective measure was awaited to fix environmental issues. Probably, the lockdown is one of the natural effects expected by nature via introduction of COVID-19. It is because, introduction of COVID-19 to nature was an outcome of mutation from two of its pre-existing forms, although, debate on it is still continuing. Viability of CoV-19 virus found to have a lot of correlation with aquatic and terrestrial environmental parameters such as pH, surface type, temperature etc. Air pollution is found to increase the risk of COVID-19 infection, therefore, use of mask and alcohols based standard sterilisers is strongly recommended. However, the self-revival rate of nature shall continue during post-lockdown period and a master plan must be adapted by national and international (mostly political) bodies to revive the Mother Nature completely."}, {"pmid": 32492454, "pmcid": "PMC7261446", "title": "Clinical assessment of COVID-19 outbreak among migrant workers residing in a large dormitory in Singapore.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Chew, Min-Hoe", "Koh, Frederick H", "Wu, Jing-Ting", "Ngaserin, Sabrina", "Ng, Aven", "Ong, Biauw-Chi", "Lee, Vernon J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492454", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427334, "title": "Detection of Nucleocapsid Antibody to SARS-CoV-2 is More Sensitive than Antibody to Spike Protein in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Burbelo, Peter D", "Riedo, Francis X", "Morishima, Chihiro", "Rawlings, Stephen", "Smith, Davey", "Das, Sanchita", "Strich, Jeffrey R", "Chertow, Daniel S", "Davey, Richard T", "Cohen, Jeffrey I"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427334", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is associated with respiratory-related morbidity and mortality. Assays to detect virus-specific antibodies are important to understand the prevalence of infection and the course of the immune response. Quantitative measurements of plasma or serum antibodies by luciferase immunoprecipitation assay systems (LIPS) to the nucleocapsid and spike proteins were analyzed in 100 cross-sectional or longitudinal samples from SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. A subset of samples was tested with and without heat inactivation. Fifteen or more days after symptom onset, antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while antibodies to spike protein were detected with 91% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Neither antibody levels nor the rate of seropositivity were significantly reduced by heat inactivation of samples. Analysis of daily samples from six patients with COVID-19 showed anti-nucleocapsid and spike antibodies appearing between day 8 and day 14 after initial symptoms. Immunocompromised patients generally had a delayed antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 compared to immunocompetent patients. Antibody to the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 is more sensitive than spike protein antibody for detecting early infection. Analyzing heat-inactivated samples by LIPS is a safe and sensitive method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies."}, {"pmid": 32502331, "title": "Comparison of confirmed COVID-19 with SARS and MERS cases - Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, radiographic signs and outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Pormohammad, Ali", "Ghorbani, Saied", "Khatami, Alireza", "Farzi, Rana", "Baradaran, Behzad", "Turner, Diana L", "Turner, Raymond J", "Bahr, Nathan C", "Idrovo, Juan-Pablo"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502331", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Within this large-scale study, we compared clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, radiographic signs, and outcomes of COVID-19, SARS, and MERS to find unique features. We searched all relevant literature published up to February 28, 2020. Depending on the heterogeneity test, we used either random or fixed-effect models to analyze the appropriateness of the pooled results. Study has been registered in the PROSPERO database (ID 176106). Overall 114 articles included in this study; 52\u2009251 COVID-19 confirmed patients (20 studies), 10 037 SARS (51 studies), and 8139 MERS patients (43 studies) were included. The most common symptom was fever; COVID-19 (85.6%, P\u2009<\u2009.001), SARS (96%, P\u2009<\u2009.001), and MERS (74%, P\u2009<\u2009.001), respectively. Analysis showed that 84% of Covid-19 patients, 86% of SARS patients, and 74.7% of MERS patients had an abnormal chest X-ray. The mortality rate in COVID-19 (5.6%, P\u2009<\u2009.001) was lower than SARS (13%, P\u2009<\u2009.001) and MERS (35%, P\u2009<\u2009.001) between all confirmed patients. At the time of submission, the mortality rate in COVID-19 confirmed cases is lower than in SARS- and MERS-infected patients. Clinical outcomes and findings would be biased by reporting only confirmed cases, and this should be considered when interpreting the data."}, {"pmid": 32223689, "title": "Rules for scientific progress while living with the COVID-19 Pandemic: from 'benchside' to 'fireside.'", "journal": "Cancer Biol Ther", "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223689", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32162990, "title": "COVID-19 Infection: Early Lessons.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Lei, Yi", "Zhang, Han-Wen", "Yu, Juan", "Patlas, Michael N"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162990", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513805, "title": "Covid-19: Half of pregnant women in UK hospitals are from ethnic minorities.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kmietowicz, Zosia"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513805", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463186, "title": "Pulmonary embolism in cases of COVID-19.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Tveita, Anders", "Hestenes, Siv", "Sporastoyl, Eirik Robsahm", "Pettersen, Stian Aleksander", "Neple, Bente Lund", "Myrstad, Marius", "Tveit, Arnljot", "Froen, Hege", "Svendsen, Jan", "Ronning, Else Johanne"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463186", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging reports indicate a high incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients hospitalised for SARS-CoV-2\u00a0pneumonia during the spring 2020\u00a0pandemic. The pronounced pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses observed in these patients may contribute to a transient hypercoagulable state. In this setting, pulmonary embolism may cause further respiratory distress and clinical deterioration. We describe the clinical course of three patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection and respiratory distress, where pulmonary embolism was detected during the course of the hospitalisation. Two of the cases occurred despite early institution of standard dosage of low molecular weight heparin thromboprophylaxis, and in one case, pulmonary embolism was diagnosed during the convalescent phase of an otherwise benign COVID-19 disease course. These cases highlight the importance of awareness of the potentially increased incidence of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 disease. Further research is required to establish appropriate clinical management guidelines for prevention of thromboembolic complications in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32431288, "pmcid": "PMC7238742", "title": "Early impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and physical distancing measures on routine childhood vaccinations in England, January to April 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["McDonald, Helen I", "Tessier, Elise", "White, Joanne M", "Woodruff, Matthew", "Knowles, Charlotte", "Bates, Chris", "Parry, John", "Walker, Jemma L", "Scott, J Anthony", "Smeeth, Liam", "Yarwood, Joanne", "Ramsay, Mary", "Edelstein, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431288", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using electronic health records, we assessed the early impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on routine childhood vaccination in England by 26 April 2020. Measles-mumps-rubella vaccination counts fell from February 2020, and in the 3 weeks after introduction of physical distancing measures were 19.8% lower (95% confidence interval: -20.7 to -18.9) than the same period in 2019, before improving in mid-April. A gradual decline in hexavalent vaccination counts throughout 2020 was not accentuated by physical distancing."}, {"pmid": 32434798, "title": "Minimizing SARS-CoV-2 exposure when performing surgical interventions during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["Pandey, Aditya S", "Ringer, Andrew J", "Rai, Ansaar T", "Kan, Peter", "Jabbour, Pascal", "Siddiqui, Adnan H", "Levy, Elad I", "Snyder, Kenneth V", "Riina, Howard", "Tanweer, Omar", "Levitt, Michael R", "Kim, Louis J", "Veznedaroglu, Erol", "Binning, Mandy J", "Arthur, Adam S", "Mocco, J", "Schirmer, Clemens", "Thompson, Byron Gregory", "Langer, David"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434798", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection from the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the large number of patients affected, healthcare personnel and facility resources are stretched to the limit; however, the need for urgent and emergent neurosurgical care continues. This article describes best practices when performing neurosurgical procedures on patients with COVID-19 based on multi-institutional experiences. We assembled neurosurgical practitioners from 13 different health systems from across the USA, including those in hot spots, to describe their practices in managing neurosurgical emergencies within the COVID-19 environment. Patients presenting with neurosurgical emergencies should be considered as persons under investigation (PUI) and thus maximal personal protective equipment (PPE) should be donned during interaction and transfer. Intubations and extubations should be done with only anesthesia staff donning maximal PPE in a negative pressure environment. Operating room (OR) staff should enter the room once the air has been cleared of particulate matter. Certain OR suites should be designated as covid ORs, thus allowing for all neurosurgical cases on covid/PUI patients to be performed in these rooms, which will require a terminal clean post procedure. Each COVID OR suite should be attached to an anteroom which is a negative pressure room with a HEPA filter, thus allowing for donning and doffing of PPE without risking contamination of clean areas. Based on a multi-institutional collaborative effort, we describe best practices when providing neurosurgical treatment for patients with COVID-19 in order to optimize clinical care and minimize the exposure of patients and staff."}, {"pmid": 32348792, "pmcid": "PMC7194819", "title": "Will environmental impacts of social distancing due to the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 decrease allergic disease?", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Navel, Valentin", "Chiambaretta, Frederic", "Dutheil, Frederic"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325097, "pmcid": "PMC7167587", "title": "Vicarious traumatization: A psychological problem that cannot be ignored during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Li, Zhenyu", "Ge, Jingwu", "Yang, Meiling", "Feng, Jianping", "Liu, Cunming", "Yang, Chun"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325097", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517888, "title": "Severe COVID-19 with debut as bilateral pneumonia, ischemic stroke, and acute myocardial infarction.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Garcia Espinosa, Jade", "Moya Sanchez, Elena", "Martinez Martinez, Alberto"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517888", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367793, "pmcid": "PMC7251290", "title": "Epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 in Guizhou province, China.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Li, Xiahong", "Wang, Xue", "Liu, Jun", "Huang, Guangtao", "Shi, Xiuquan"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367793", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 associated with SARS-Cov-2 in Guizhou province, and to compare the differences in epidemiology with other provinces. The data were extracted from National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Health Commission of Guizhou province, and Health Commission of Hubei province from January 20 to February 12, 2020. Information included such as general demographic indicators, population data and clinical outcome. A total of 135 cases were analyzed in the study. The average age was 39.46\u00b118.95 years. The ratio of males to females was 0.985:1. Most of COVID-19 patients were 18-45 years old (52.27%). Close contact history was the most common (37.88%), followed by residence history in Hubei (34.85%). There was no difference between males and females in age (P=0.953) and exposure condition (P=0.186). Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the migration index and the number of confirmed cases (r=0.816, P=0.007). Among the cases, most patients were young adults. Most epidemiological characteristics were no difference between males and females. Family-based transmission should not be ignored, as a close contact history was the top reason of exposure. Moreover, population movements also had significant impact on outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32473137, "pmcid": "PMC7255228", "title": "COVID-19 lockdown of Roma settlements in Slovakia.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Holt, Ed"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473137", "countries": ["Slovakia", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437769, "pmcid": "PMC7206435", "title": "The authors reply.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Kissling, Sebastien", "Rotman, Samuel", "Fakhouri, Fadi"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437769", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451563, "pmcid": "PMC7246302", "title": "Predictive symptoms and comorbidities for severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Jain, Vageesh", "Yuan, Jin-Min"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451563", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has a varied clinical presentation. Elderly patients with comorbidities are more vulnerable to severe disease. This study identifies specific symptoms and comorbidities predicting severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. A literature search identified studies indexed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Global Health before 5th March 2020. Two reviewers independently screened the literature and extracted data. Quality appraisal was performed using STROBE criteria. Random effects meta-analysis identified symptoms and comorbidities associated with severe COVID-19 or ICU admission. Seven studies (including 1813 COVID-19 patients) were included. ICU patients were older (62.4\u00a0years) than non-ICU (46\u00a0years), with a greater proportion of males. Dyspnoea was the only symptom predictive for severe disease (pOR 3.70, 95% CI 1.83-7.46) and ICU admission (pOR 6.55, 95% CI 4.28-10.0). COPD was the strongest predictive comorbidity for severe disease (pOR 6.42, 95% CI 2.44-16.9) and ICU admission (pOR 17.8, 95% CI 6.56-48.2), followed by cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Dyspnoea was the only symptom predictive for severe COVID-19 and ICU admission. Patients with COPD, cardiovascular disease and hypertension were\u00a0at higher risk of severe illness and ICU admission."}, {"pmid": 32412528, "pmcid": "PMC7221225", "title": "COVID-19 exposes animal agriculture's vulnerability.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Garces, Leah"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412528", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436646, "title": "Clinical outcome in solid organ transplant recipients with COVID-19: A single-center experience.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Travi, Giovanna", "Rossotti, Roberto", "Merli, Marco", "Sacco, Alice", "Perricone, Giovanni", "Lauterio, Andrea", "Colombo, Valeriana G", "De Carlis, Luciano", "Frigerio, Maria", "Minetti, Enrico", "Belli, Luca S", "Puoti, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436646", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238356, "title": "Covid-19: New York City deaths pass 1000 as Trump tells Americans to distance for 30 days.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238356", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296168, "title": "Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["He, Xi", "Lau, Eric H Y", "Wu, Peng", "Deng, Xilong", "Wang, Jian", "Hao, Xinxin", "Lau, Yiu Chung", "Wong, Jessica Y", "Guan, Yujuan", "Tan, Xinghua", "Mo, Xiaoneng", "Chen, Yanqing", "Liao, Baolin", "Chen, Weilie", "Hu, Fengyu", "Zhang, Qing", "Zhong, Mingqiu", "Wu, Yanrong", "Zhao, Lingzhai", "Zhang, Fuchun", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Li, Fang", "Leung, Gabriel M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296168", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report temporal patterns of viral shedding in 94 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and modeled COVID-19 infectiousness profiles from a separate sample of 77 infector-infectee transmission pairs. We observed the highest viral load in throat swabs at the time of symptom onset, and inferred that infectiousness peaked on or before symptom onset. We estimated that 44% (95% confidence interval, 25-69%) of secondary cases were infected during the index cases' presymptomatic stage, in settings with substantial household clustering, active case finding and quarantine outside the home. Disease control measures should be adjusted to account for probable substantial presymptomatic transmission."}, {"pmid": 32283101, "pmcid": "PMC7194555", "title": "High Prevalence of Concurrent Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Patients with SARS-CoV-2: Early Experience from California.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Cholankeril, George", "Podboy, Alexander", "Aivaliotis, Vasiliki Irene", "Tarlow, Branden", "Pham, Edward A", "Spencer, Sean", "Kim, Donghee", "Hsing, Ann", "Ahmed, Aijaz"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283101", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32170953, "pmcid": "PMC7094785", "title": "Limiting spread of COVID-19 from cruise ships: lessons to be learnt from Japan.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Sawano, T", "Ozaki, A", "Rodriguez-Morales, A J", "Tanimoto, T", "Sah, R"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32170953", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304647, "pmcid": "PMC7159877", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 shedding and infectivity.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Atkinson, Barry", "Petersen, Eskild"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304647", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272262, "pmcid": "PMC7136866", "title": "High-resolution Chest CT Features and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Infected with COVID-19 in Jiangsu, China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dai, Hui", "Zhang, Xin", "Xia, Jianguo", "Zhang, Tao", "Shang, Yalei", "Huang, Renjun", "Liu, Rongrong", "Wang, Dan", "Li, Min", "Wu, Jinping", "Xu, Qiuzhen", "Li, Yonggang"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272262", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pneumonia associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recently emerged in China. It was recognized as a global health hazard. 234 inpatients with COVID-19 were included. Detailed clinical data, chest HRCT basic performances and certain signs were recorded Ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, fibrosis and air trapping were quantified. Both clinical types and CT stages were evaluated. Most patients (approximately 90%) were classified as common type and with epidemiologic history. Fever and cough were main symptoms. Chest CT showed abnormal attenuation in bilateral multiple lung lobes, distributed in the lower and/or periphery of the lungs (94.98%), with multiple shapes. GGO and vascular enhancement sign were most frequent seen, followed by interlobular septal thickening and air bronchus sign as well as consolidation, fibrosis and air trapping. There were significant differences in most of CT signs between different stage groups. The SpO2 and OI were decreased in stage IV, and the CT score of consolidation, fibrosis and air trapping was significantly lower in stage I (P<0.05). A weak relevance was between the fibrosis score and the value of PaO2 and SpO2 (P<0.05). Clinical performances of patients with COVID-19, mostly with epidemiologic history and typical symptoms, were critical valuable in the diagnosis of the COVID-19. While chest HRCT provided the distribution, shape, attenuation and extent of lung lesions, as well as some typical CT signs of COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32428111, "pmcid": "PMC7213663", "title": "Why is SARS-CoV-2 infection milder among children?", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Palmeira, Patricia", "Barbuto, Jose Alexandre M", "Silva, Clovis Artur A", "Carneiro-Sampaio, Magda"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428111", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293834, "title": "Antiviral treatment of COVID-19", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Simsek Yavuz, Serap", "Unal, Serhat"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293834", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, there is not any specific effective antiviral treatment for COVID-19. Although most of the COVID-19 patients have mild or moderate courses, up to 5%\u201310% can have severe, potentially life threatening course, there is an urgent need for effective drugs. Optimized supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy. There have been more than 300 clinical trials going on, various antiviral and immunomodulating agents are in various stages of evaluation for COVID-19 in those trials and some of them will be published in the next couple of months. Despite the urgent need to find an effective antiviral treatment for COVID-19 through randomized controlled studies, certain agents are being used all over the world based on either in-vitro or extrapolated evidence or observational studies. The most frequently used agents both in Turkey and all over the world including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir and remdesivir will be reviewed here .Nitazoxanide and ivermectin were also included in this review as they have recently been reported to have an activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and are licensed for the treatment of some other human infections."}, {"pmid": 32501665, "pmcid": "PMC7274164", "title": "Retraction: Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19. N Engl J Med. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007621.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Mehra, Mandeep R", "Desai, Sapan S", "Kuy, SreyRam", "Henry, Timothy D", "Patel, Amit N"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501665", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510987, "title": "Telemedicine Outpatient Cardiovascular Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Bridging or Opening the Digital Divide?", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Eberly, Lauren A", "Khatana, Sameed Ahmed M", "Nathan, Ashwin S", "Snider, Christopher", "Julien, Howard M", "Deleener, Mary Elisabeth", "Adusumalli, Srinath"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510987", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520247, "title": "The coronavirus crisis and its impact on residential care homes for the elderly in Spain.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Cabrero, Gregorio Rodriguez"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520247", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215579, "title": "Can SARS-CoV-2 Infection Be Acquired In Utero?: More Definitive Evidence Is Needed.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Kimberlin, David W", "Stagno, Sergio"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215579", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330289, "title": "Be aware of misdiagnosis-Influenza A H1N1 in a pregnant patient with suspected COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Fang, He", "Xingfei, Pan", "Yingwei, Qiu", "Dunjin, Chen"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330289", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482414, "pmcid": "PMC7205640", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 11 asymptomatic patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Fu, Bao", "Fu, Xiaoyun"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482414", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347204, "pmcid": "PMC7189648", "title": "Serological assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Perera, Ranawaka Apm", "Mok, Chris Kp", "Tsang, Owen Ty", "Lv, Huibin", "Ko, Ronald Lw", "Wu, Nicholas C", "Yuan, Meng", "Leung, Wai Shing", "Chan, Jacky Mc", "Chik, Thomas Sh", "Choi, Chris Yc", "Leung, Kathy", "Chan, Kin Ho", "Chan, Karl Ck", "Li, Ka-Chi", "Wu, Joseph T", "Wilson, Ian A", "Monto, Arnold S", "Poon, Leo Lm", "Peiris, Malik"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347204", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BackgroundThe ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has major impacts on health systems, the economy and society. Assessing infection attack rates in the population is critical for estimating disease severity and herd immunity which is needed to calibrate public health interventions. We have previously shown that it is possible to achieve this in real time to impact public health decision making.AimOur objective was to develop and evaluate serological assays applicable in large-scale sero-epidemiological studies.MethodsWe developed an ELISA to detect IgG and IgM antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We evaluated its sensitivity and specificity in combination with confirmatory microneutralisation (MN) and 90% plaque reduction neutralisation tests (PRNT90) in 51 sera from 24 patients with virologically confirmed COVID-19 and in age-stratified sera from 200 healthy controls.ResultsIgG and IgM RBD ELISA, MN and PRNT90 were reliably positive after 29 days from illness onset with no detectable cross-reactivity in age-stratified controls. We found that PRNT90 tests were more sensitive in detecting antibody than MN tests carried out with the conventional 100 tissue culture infectious dose challenge. Heparinised plasma appeared to reduce the infectivity of the virus challenge dose and may confound interpretation of neutralisation test.ConclusionUsing IgG ELISA based on the RBD of the spike protein to screen sera for SARS-CoV-2 antibody, followed by confirmation using PRNT90, is a valid approach for large-scale sero-epidemiology studies."}, {"pmid": 32305025, "pmcid": "PMC7151291", "title": "Epidemiological and initial clinical characteristics of patients with family aggregation of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Xia, Xiao-Ying", "Wu, Jing", "Liu, He-Lei", "Xia, Hong", "Jia, Bei", "Huang, Wen-Xiang"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305025", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a new outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan (Hubei, China) and rapidly spread throughout China, however, confirmed cases are still increasing worldwide. To investigate the epidemiological history and initial clinical characteristics of 10 patients with family aggregation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Western Chongqing, China. Ten patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection by real time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), were collected from The People's Hospital of Dazu District, Chongqing. Epidemiological data and laboratory and imaging results were collected on the first day of admission, and analyzed based on the Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline for COVID-19 (5th edition, China). Of the 10 cases, case A had a history of a temporary stay in Wuhan and transmitted the virus to the others through family gathering, living together, and sharing vehicles. The average age was 56.5 years (\u00b1 11.16), six patients were males, and the incubation period was 2-14 days. Dry cough was the main symptom, followed by fever and fatigue. Most patients were clinically classified as ordinary-type, with three cases being severe-type. Chest computed tomography results were nonspecific, mainly with ground-glass attenuation and/or shadow images. Extensive lesion distribution was seen in severe cases. CD4+ lymphocyte counts were 61, 180, and 348 cells/uL in severe-type patients, respectively. Notably, viral nucleic acid values in nasopharyngeal swabs were lower (19, 25, and 26) than those of ordinary-type patients, suggesting a higher viral load. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was also higher in severe-type patients CONCLUSIONS: Initial examination results of lower CD4+ lymphocyte counts and RT-PCR-CT values coupled with higher NLR may indicate the severity of COVID-19 infection for these family clusters."}, {"pmid": 32330293, "pmcid": "PMC7264719", "title": "Persistent viral RNA positivity during the recovery period of a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yang, Jian-Rong", "Deng, Dao-Ting", "Wu, Nan", "Yang, Bin", "Li, Hong-Juan", "Pan, Xiao-Ben"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330293", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As an emerging infectious disease, the clinical course and virological course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remain to be further investigated. In this case report, we described a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection with the clinical course for more than 2 months. This patient had recovered from pneumonia after treatment. The viral RNA of throat swabs became negative and the viral-specific antibodies were produced during the recovery period. However, the viral RNA reappeared and additionally persisted in throat swabs for more than 40 days. In addition, the viral RNA was detected in multiple types of specimens with extremely high titers in the saliva. In conclusion, these findings indicate that SARS-CoV-2 can cause a long clinical course. The coexistence of viral RNA and viral-specific antibodies may imply an immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 from the host's immune system."}, {"pmid": 32367170, "pmcid": "PMC7197634", "title": "High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Helms, Julie", "Tacquard, Charles", "Severac, Francois", "Leonard-Lorant, Ian", "Ohana, Mickael", "Delabranche, Xavier", "Merdji, Hamid", "Clere-Jehl, Raphael", "Schenck, Malika", "Fagot Gandet, Florence", "Fafi-Kremer, Samira", "Castelain, Vincent", "Schneider, Francis", "Grunebaum, Lelia", "Angles-Cano, Eduardo", "Sattler, Laurent", "Mertes, Paul-Michel", "Meziani, Ferhat"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367170", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little evidence of increased thrombotic risk is available in COVID-19 patients. Our purpose was to assess thrombotic risk in severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. All patients referred to 4 intensive care units (ICUs) from two centers of a French tertiary hospital for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 between March 3rd and 31st 2020 were included. Medical history, symptoms, biological data and imaging were prospectively collected. Propensity score matching was performed to analyze the occurrence of thromboembolic events between non-COVID-19 ARDS and COVID-19 ARDS patients. 150 COVID-19 patients were included (122 men, median age 63 [53; 71] years, SAPSII 49 [37; 64] points). Sixty-four clinically relevant thrombotic complications were diagnosed in 150 patients, mainly pulmonary embolisms (16.7%). 28/29 patients (96.6%) receiving continuous renal replacement therapy experienced circuit clotting. Three thrombotic occlusions (in 2 patients) of centrifugal pump occurred in 12 patients (8%) supported by ECMO. Most patients (>\u200995%) had elevated D-dimer and fibrinogen. No patient developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. Von Willebrand (vWF) activity, vWF antigen and FVIII were considerably increased, and 50/57 tested patients (87.7%) had positive lupus anticoagulant. Comparison with non-COVID-19 ARDS patients (n\u2009=\u2009145) confirmed that COVID-19 ARDS patients (n\u2009=\u200977) developed significantly more thrombotic complications, mainly pulmonary embolisms (11.7 vs. 2.1%, p\u2009<\u20090.008). Coagulation parameters significantly differed between the two groups. Despite anticoagulation, a high number of patients with ARDS secondary to COVID-19 developed life-threatening thrombotic complications. Higher anticoagulation targets than in usual critically ill patients should therefore probably be suggested."}, {"pmid": 32507709, "title": "[DRESS syndrome simulating coronavirus 2019-NcoV disease].", "journal": "Semergen", "authors": ["Novo de Matos, J", "Redondo Sendino, A", "Pozo Teruel, A", "Redondo Sendino, J I"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507709", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447163, "pmcid": "PMC7237897", "title": "VV-ECMO usage in ARDS due to COVID-19: Clinical, practical and ethical considerations.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Hoyler, Marguerite M", "Kumar, Shreyajit", "Thalappillil, Richard", "White, Robert S", "Tam, Christopher W"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447163", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478548, "title": "Social and psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak: The experiences of Taiwan and Hong Kong.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Lei, Man-Kit", "Klopack, Eric T"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478548", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article discusses the value of studying past social and psychological responses to pandemics and natural disasters in understanding reactions to coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). By examining severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) experiences in both Taiwan and Hong Kong, we indicate that psychological trauma might be a pathway whereby the COVID-19 outbreak affects long-term health and well-being and that psychological and collective trauma caused by the COVID-19 may relate to future preparedness and risk awareness. We conclude with a consideration of social-psychological processes for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32426089, "pmcid": "PMC7229977", "title": "Allergic respiratory disease care in the COVID-19 era: a EUFOREA statement.", "journal": "World Allergy Organ J", "authors": ["Glenis K, Scadding", "Peter W, Hellings", "Claus, Bachert", "Leif, Bjermer", "Zuzana, Diamant", "Philippe, Gevaert", "Anette, Kjeldsen", "Jorge, Kleine-Tebbe", "Ludger, Klimek", "Antonella, Muraro", "Graham, Roberts", "Andreas, Steinsvik", "Martin, Wagenmann", "Ulrik, Wahn"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426089", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Spring and Summer 2020 are unique in that the challenges of care for those suffering from pollen allergy coincide with the COVID-19 pandemic. Several considerations are important to allow optimal care of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma and hence prevention of coronavirus spread through sneezing, rhinorrhoea and coughing. This compact overview of recommendations by the EUFOREA expert teams on allergic airway diseases and AIT is based on investigation of the current COVID-19 literature in association with the key words above and shared clinical experience of the experts involved. It deals with similarities and differences between AR and coronavirus infection, specific recommendations for allergic disease care in the COVID-19 era, including guidance on allergen specific immunotherapy, AIT."}, {"pmid": 32489653, "pmcid": "PMC7242011", "title": "Interrelationship Between Coronavirus Infection and Liver Disease.", "journal": "Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken)", "authors": ["Schaefer, Esperance A K", "Arvind, Ashwini", "Bloom, Patricia P", "Chung, Raymond T"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489653", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32152596, "title": "Labs rush to study coronavirus in transgenic animals - some are in short supply.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152596", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202608, "pmcid": "PMC7091374", "title": "Ethics Committee Reviews of Applications for Research Studies at 1 Hospital in China During the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Epidemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Zhang, Hui", "Shao, Fengmin", "Gu, Jianqin", "Li, Li", "Wang, Yuming"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202608", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376099, "pmcid": "PMC7129862", "title": "Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Antihypertensives (Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) in Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian", "Lavie, Carl J", "Perez-Quilis, Carme", "Henry, Brandon M", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376099", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is being defined as the worst pandemic disease of modern times. Several professional health organizations have published position papers stating that there is no evidence to change the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in the management of elevated blood pressure in the context of avoiding or treating COVID-19 infection. In this article, we review the evidence on the relationship between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and COVID-19 infection. In agreement with current guidelines, patients with hypertension should continue taking antihypertensive medications as prescribed without interruption. Because ACEIs and ARBs are also used to retard the progression of chronic kidney disease, we suggest that these recommendations also apply to the use of these agents in chronic kidney disease. No differences generally exist between ARBs and ACEIs in terms of efficacy in decreasing blood pressure and improving other outcomes, such as all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and end-stage renal disease. The ACEIs are associated with cough secondary to accumulation of bradykinin and angioedema, and withdrawal rates due to adverse events are lower with ARBs. Given their equal efficacy but fewer adverse events, ARBs could potentially be a more favorable treatment option in patients with COVID-19 at higher risk for severe forms of disease."}, {"pmid": 32333649, "title": "The friendly use of chloroquine in the COVID-19 disease: a warning for the G6PD-deficient males and for the unaware carriers of pathogenic alterations of the G6PD gene.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Capoluongo, Ettore D", "Amato, Felice", "Castaldo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333649", "topics": ["Treatment", "General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430650, "pmcid": "PMC7237226", "title": "The Rising Number of COVID-19 Cases Reflecting Growing Search Trend and Concern of People: A Google Trend Analysis of Eight Major Countries.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Sharma, Manik", "Sharma, Samriti"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430650", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444942, "pmcid": "PMC7243430", "title": "Are patients with Down syndrome vulnerable to life-threatening COVID-19?", "journal": "Acta Neurol Belg", "authors": ["De Cauwer, Harald", "Spaepen, Ann"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444942", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with Down syndrome are at increased risk of respiratory syncytial virus- and H1N1-related death. Literature on COVID-19 in Down syndrome patients is unavailable thus far. We describe the clinical course of 4 patients with Down syndrome during an outbreak of COVID-19. In all four patients, disease course was severe, warranting hospital care in three patients, with fatal outcome in one patient. Another patient receives supportive care in our institution. Our case series is the first report on probable increased risk of life-threatening disease course of COVID-19 in patients with Down syndrome. Proper surveillance, the adherence of social distancing, and the use of personal protective equipment will be essential in reducing morbidity and mortality in our patients."}, {"pmid": 32482976, "title": "Increased Mortality and Major Complications in Hip Fracture Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A New York City Perspective.", "journal": "J Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Egol, Kenneth A", "Konda, Sanjit R", "Bird, Mackenzie L", "Dedhia, Nicket", "Landes, Emma K", "Ranson, Rachel A", "Solasz, Sara J", "Aggarwal, Vinay K", "Bosco, Joseph A 3rd", "Furgiuele, David L", "Ganta, Abhishek", "Gould, Jason", "Lyon, Thomas R", "McLaurin, Toni M", "Tejwani, Nirmal C", "Zuckerman, Joseph D", "Leucht, Philipp"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482976", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine one health system's response to the essential care of its hip fracture population during the COVID-19 pandemic and report on its effect on patient outcomes. Prospective cohort study SETTING:: Seven musculoskeletal care centers with New York City and Long Island. 138 recent and 115 historical hip fracture patients. Patients with hip fractures occurring between February 1, 2020 and April 15, 2020 or between February 1, 2019 and April 15, 2019 were prospectively enrolled in an orthopedic trauma registry and chart reviewed for demographic and hospital quality measures. Patients with recent hip fractures were identified as COVID positive (C+), COVID suspected (Cs) or COVID negative (C-). Hospital quality measures, inpatient complications and mortality rates. Seventeen (12.2%) patients were confirmed C+ by testing and another 14 (10.1%) were suspected (Cs) of having had the virus but were never tested. The C+ cohort, when compared to Cs and C- cohorts, had: an increased mortality rate (35.3% vs 7.1% vs 0.9%), increased length of hospital stay, a greater major complication rate and a greater incidence of ventilator need postoperatively. COVID-19 had a devastating effect on the care of hip fracture patients during the pandemic. Although practice patterns generally remained unchanged, treating physicians need to understand the increased morbidity and mortality in hip fracture patients complicated by COVID-19. Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of Levels of Evidence."}, {"pmid": 32515371, "title": "Social distancing: A non-pharmacological intervention for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Mal, Piryani Rano", "Suneel, Piryani", "Shomeeta, Piryani"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515371", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social distancing is one of the non-pharmacological measures to contain the infection of COVID-19. At this point in time, no vaccine is available to prevent the infection, no effective drugs are available to prevent and treat the disease, and none of the communities have acquired herd immunity. Various models have shown positive impact of social distancing, provided its implementation on vast majority of the population over a long period of time. Its effect is manifold. Besides flattening the curve, it impacts the political, fiscal, social, economic aspects of the society, along with socially vulnerable and economically underprivileged population. It becomes obsolete after the population develops herd immunity subsequent to widespread infection in the community, or after effective mass immunisation or specific drugs for its control, cure and prevention are available widely."}, {"pmid": 32363593, "title": "The fate of major dermatology conferences and meetings of 2020: are e-conferences and digital learning the future?", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Bhargava, S", "Farabi, B", "Rathod, D", "Singh, A K"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363593", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380291, "pmcid": "PMC7198423", "title": "Chloroquine-induced torsades de pointes in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Szekely, Yishay", "Lichter, Yael", "Shrkihe, Bander Abu", "Bruck, Hila", "Oster, Howard S", "Viskin, Sami"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380291", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476228, "title": "Telemedicine for head and neck ambulatory visits during COVID-19: Evaluating usability and patient satisfaction.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Layfield, Eleanor", "Triantafillou, Vasiliki", "Prasad, Aman", "Deng, Jie", "Shanti, Rabie M", "Newman, Jason G", "Rajasekaran, Karthik"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476228", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a rapid increase in telemedicine visits. Otolaryngology patient satisfaction with these visits has not yet been extensively studied using a validated survey. All patients who had telemedicine visits with three head and neck surgeons, by phone or video-based platform, between March 25, 2020 and April 24, 2020. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted to determine demographic, disease, and treatment information. Patients who had a video visit were contacted by telephone and, if they could be reached and consented, were administered the telehealth usability questionnaire (TUQ). Hundred surveys were completed. The average score across all questions was 6.01 on a scale from 1 to 7, where 7 indicated the highest level of patient agreement. The highest scores were for questions related to satisfaction with telehealth (6.29), while the lowest were related to reliability (4.86). Patients are generally highly satisfied with telemedicine."}, {"pmid": 32329263, "title": "The Author's Response: A Lesson from Temporary Closing of a Single University-affiliated Hospital owing to In-Hospital Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lee, Heayon", "Heo, Jung Won", "Kim, Sei Won", "Lee, Jehoon", "Choi, Jung Hyun"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329263", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266524, "pmcid": "PMC7136155", "title": "A case report of COVID-19 with false negative RT-PCR test: necessity of chest CT.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Feng, Hao", "Liu, Yujian", "Lv, Minli", "Zhong, Jianquan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266524", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The definite diagnosis of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is based on the viral isolation or positive result of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from sputum, or nasal swab, or throat swab. However, the sensitivity to detect COVID-19 of real time (RT)-PCR is reported to be lower than that of chest CT. We report a case of 34-year-old man who was diagnosed as negative for COVID-19 based on the four sequential RT-PCR tests of his pharyngeal swab. Chest CT showed patchy ground-glass opacity on admission, and it rapidly progressed to segmental mixed consolidation and ground-glass opacity 3\u00a0days after admission, and it resolved in left upper lobe, but showed multifocal ground-glass opacities 7\u00a0days after admission, and they resolved within 2\u00a0weeks. The fifth RT-PCR test finally revealed positive results at the fifth day after admission. It is difficult to distinguish COVID-19 pneumonia from other viral pneumonia on CT findings alone; however, we emphasize the utility of chest CT to detect early change of COVID-19 in cases which RT-PCR tests show negative results."}, {"pmid": 32220986, "title": "Telemedicine services thrive during Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220986", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423461, "pmcid": "PMC7234444", "title": "Cardiovascular phenotypes in ventilated patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Evrard, Bruno", "Goudelin, Marine", "Montmagnon, Noelie", "Fedou, Anne-Laure", "Lafon, Thomas", "Vignon, Philippe"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423461", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362134, "title": "A PATH TO RESUME AESTHETIC CARE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF PROJECT AesCert GUIDANCE SUPPLEMENT: PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR AESTHETIC MEDICINE PROFESSIONALS SUPPORTING CLINIC PREPAREDNESS IN RESPONSE TO THE SARS-CoV-2 OUTBREAK.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Dover, Jeffrey S", "Moran, Mary Lynn", "Figueroa, Jose F", "Furnas, Heather", "Vyas, Jatin M", "Wiviott, Lory D", "Karchmer, Adolf W"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362134", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This Project AesCert\u2122 Guidance Supplement (\"Guidance Supplement\") was developed in partnership with a multi-disciplinary panel of board-certified physician and doctoral experts in the fields of Infectious Disease, Immunology, Public Health Policy, Dermatology, Facial Plastic Surgery and Plastic Surgery. The Guidance Supplement is intended to provide aesthetic medicine physicians and their staffs with a practical guide to safety considerations to support clinic preparedness for patients seeking non-surgical aesthetic treatments and procedures following the return-to-work phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, once such activity is permitted by applicable law. Many federal, state and local governmental authorities, public health agencies and professional medical societies have promulgated COVID-19 orders and advisories applicable to health care practitioners. The Guidance Supplement is intended to provide aesthetic physicians and their staffs with an additional set of practical considerations for delivering aesthetic care safely and generally conducting business responsibly in the new world of COVID-19. Aesthetic providers will face new and unique challenges as government stay-at-home orders and related commercial limitations are eased, and the U.S. economy reopens and healthcare systems transition from providing only urgent and other essential treatment to resuming routine care and elective procedures and services. The medical aesthetic specialties will therefore wish to resume practice in order to ensure high quality, expert care is available, and importantly to help promote patients' positive self-image and sense of well-being following a lengthy and stressful period of quarantine. In a number of areas, this Guidance Supplement exceeds traditional aesthetic office safety precautions, recognizing reduced tolerance in an elective treatment environment for any risk associated with COVID-19's highly variable presentation and unpredictable course. The disease has placed a disturbing number of young, otherwise healthy patients in extremis with severe respiratory and renal failure, stroke, pericarditis, neurologic deficits and other suddenly life-threatening complications, in addition to its pernicious effects on those with pre-existing morbidities and advanced age. Accordingly, the Guidance Supplement seeks to establish an elevated safety profile for providing patient care while reducing, to the greatest extent reasonably possible, the risk of infectious processes to both patients and providers. While the Guidance Supplement cannot foreclose the risk of infection, nor serve to establish or modify any standards of care, it does offer actionable risk-mitigation considerations for general office comportment and for certain non-surgical procedures typically performed in aesthetic medical settings. It is axiomatic that all such considerations are necessarily subject to the ultimate judgment of each individual healthcare professional based on patient situation, procedure details, office environment, staffing constraints, equipment and testing availability, and local legal status and public health conditions."}, {"pmid": 32361528, "pmcid": "PMC7182754", "title": "Airborne route and bad use of ventilation systems as non-negligible factors in SARS-CoV-2 transmission.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Correia, G", "Rodrigues, L", "Gameiro da Silva, M", "Goncalves, T"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361528", "countries": ["Japan", "Germany"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is facing a pandemic of unseen proportions caused by a corona virus named SARS-CoV-2 with unprecedent worldwide measures being taken to tackle its contagion. Person-to-person transmission is accepted but WHO only considers aerosol transmission when procedures or support treatments that produce aerosol are performed. Transmission mechanisms are not fully understood and there is evidence for an airborne route to be considered, as the virus remains viable in aerosols for at least 3\u00a0h and that mask usage was the best intervention to prevent infection. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems (HVAC) are used as a primary infection disease control measure. However, if not correctly used, they may contribute to the transmission/spreading of airborne diseases as proposed in the past for SARS. The authors believe that airborne transmission is possible and that HVAC systems when not adequately used may contribute to the transmission of the virus, as suggested by descriptions from Japan, Germany, and the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship. Previous SARS outbreaks reported at Amoy Gardens, Emergency Rooms and Hotels, also suggested an airborne transmission. Further studies are warranted to confirm our hypotheses but the assumption of such way of transmission would cause a major shift in measures recommended to prevent infection such as the disseminated use of masks and structural changes to hospital and other facilities with HVAC systems."}, {"pmid": 32299837, "title": "Gastroenterology department operational reorganisation at the time of covid-19 outbreak: an Italian and Chinese experience.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Danese, Silvio", "Ran, Zhi Hua", "Repici, Alessandro", "Tong, Jinlu", "Omodei, Paolo", "Aghemo, Alessio", "Malesci, Alberto"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299837", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433387, "title": "Building Informatics Capacity of Local Health Departments to Combat COVID-19: A Call to Action.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Khurshid, Anjum", "Shah, Gulzar H", "Nguyen, Tran H", "Jones, Jeff A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433387", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416993, "pmcid": "PMC7183957", "title": "Implementing shared ventilation must be scientific and ethical, or it risks harm.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Cook, Daniel C"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416993", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289798, "pmcid": "PMC7179533", "title": "Clinical Trials during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Warnock, David G"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289798", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339382, "pmcid": "PMC7267664", "title": "Vaginal delivery in SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women in Northern Italy: a retrospective analysis.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Ferrazzi, E", "Frigerio, L", "Savasi, V", "Vergani, P", "Prefumo, F", "Barresi, S", "Bianchi, S", "Ciriello, E", "Facchinetti, F", "Gervasi, M T", "Iurlaro, E", "Kustermann, A", "Mangili, G", "Mosca, F", "Patane, L", "Spazzini, D", "Spinillo, A", "Trojano, G", "Vignali, M", "Villa, A", "Zuccotti, G V", "Parazzini, F", "Cetin, I"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339382", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report mode of delivery and immediate neonatal outcome in women infected with COVID-19. Retrospective study. Twelve hospitals in northern Italy. Pregnant women with COVID-19-confirmed infection who delivered. COVID 19 infection in pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2-infected women who were admitted and delivered from 1 to 20 March 2020 were eligible. Data were collected from the clinical records using a standardised questionnaire on maternal general characteristics, any medical or obstetric co-morbidity, course of pregnancy, clinical signs and symptoms, treatment of COVID 19 infection, mode of delivery, neonatal data and breastfeeding. Data on mode of delivery and neonatal outcome. In all, 42 women with COVID-19 delivered at the participating centres; 24 (57.1%, 95% CI\u00a041.0-72.3) delivered vaginally. An elective caesarean section was performed in 18/42 (42.9%, 95% CI 27.7-59.0) cases: in eight cases the indication was unrelated to COVID-19 infection. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 19/42 (45.2%, 95% CI 29.8-61.3) cases: of these, 7/19 (36.8%, 95% CI 16.3-61.6) required oxygen support and 4/19 (21.1%, 95% CI\u00a06.1-45.6) were admitted to a critical care unit. Two women with COVID-19 breastfed without a mask because infection was diagnosed in the postpartum period: their newborns tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 infection. In one case, a newborn had a positive test after a vaginal operative delivery. Although postpartum infection cannot be excluded with 100% certainty, these findings suggest that vaginal delivery is\u00a0associated with a low risk of intrapartum SARS-Cov-2 transmission to the newborn. This study suggests that vaginal delivery may be associated with a low risk of intrapartum SARS-Cov-2 transmission to the newborn."}, {"pmid": 32403977, "pmcid": "PMC7231907", "title": "The Renin-Angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A role for the ACE2 receptor?", "journal": "J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst", "authors": ["Sever, Peter", "Johnston, Sebastian L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403977", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303965, "pmcid": "PMC7163913", "title": "Association between population migration and epidemic control of Coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Ding, Yu", "Luo, Sihui", "Zheng, Xueying", "Ling, Ping", "Yue, Tong", "Liu, Zhirong", "Weng, Jianping"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303965", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473681, "pmcid": "PMC7255743", "title": "Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer (CCC19): a cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Kuderer, Nicole M", "Choueiri, Toni K", "Shah, Dimpy P", "Shyr, Yu", "Rubinstein, Samuel M", "Rivera, Donna R", "Shete, Sanjay", "Hsu, Chih-Yuan", "Desai, Aakash", "de Lima Lopes, Gilberto Jr", "Grivas, Petros", "Painter, Corrie A", "Peters, Solange", "Thompson, Michael A", "Bakouny, Ziad", "Batist, Gerald", "Bekaii-Saab, Tanios", "Bilen, Mehmet A", "Bouganim, Nathaniel", "Larroya, Mateo Bover", "Castellano, Daniel", "Del Prete, Salvatore A", "Doroshow, Deborah B", "Egan, Pamela C", "Elkrief, Arielle", "Farmakiotis, Dimitrios", "Flora, Daniel", "Galsky, Matthew D", "Glover, Michael J", "Griffiths, Elizabeth A", "Gulati, Anthony P", "Gupta, Shilpa", "Hafez, Navid", "Halfdanarson, Thorvardur R", "Hawley, Jessica E", "Hsu, Emily", "Kasi, Anup", "Khaki, Ali R", "Lemmon, Christopher A", "Lewis, Colleen", "Logan, Barbara", "Masters, Tyler", "McKay, Rana R", "Mesa, Ruben A", "Morgans, Alicia K", "Mulcahy, Mary F", "Panagiotou, Orestis A", "Peddi, Prakash", "Pennell, Nathan A", "Reynolds, Kerry", "Rosen, Lane R", "Rosovsky, Rachel", "Salazar, Mary", "Schmidt, Andrew", "Shah, Sumit A", "Shaya, Justin A", "Steinharter, John", "Stockerl-Goldstein, Keith E", "Subbiah, Suki", "Vinh, Donald C", "Wehbe, Firas H", "Weissmann, Lisa B", "Wu, Julie Tsu-Yu", "Wulff-Burchfield, Elizabeth", "Xie, Zhuoer", "Yeh, Albert", "Yu, Peter P", "Zhou, Alice Y", "Zubiri, Leyre", "Mishra, Sanjay", "Lyman, Gary H", "Rini, Brian I", "Warner, Jeremy L"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473681", "countries": ["United States", "Canada", "Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data on patients with COVID-19 who have cancer are lacking. Here we characterise the outcomes of a cohort of patients with cancer and COVID-19 and identify potential prognostic factors for mortality and severe illness. In this cohort study, we collected de-identified data on patients with active or previous malignancy, aged 18 years and older, with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection from the USA, Canada, and Spain from the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) database for whom baseline data were added between March 17 and April 16, 2020. We collected data on baseline clinical conditions, medications, cancer diagnosis and treatment, and COVID-19 disease course. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality within 30 days of diagnosis of COVID-19. We assessed the association between the outcome and potential prognostic variables using logistic regression analyses, partially adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and obesity. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04354701, and is ongoing. Of 1035 records entered into the CCC19 database during the study period, 928 patients met inclusion criteria for our analysis. Median age was 66 years (IQR 57-76), 279 (30%) were aged 75 years or older, and 468 (50%) patients were male. The most prevalent malignancies were breast (191 [21%]) and prostate (152 [16%]). 366 (39%) patients were on active anticancer treatment, and 396 (43%) had active (measurable) cancer. At analysis (May 7, 2020), 121 (13%) patients had died. In logistic regression analysis, independent factors associated with increased 30-day mortality, after partial adjustment, were: increased age (per 10 years; partially adjusted odds ratio 1\u00b784, 95% CI 1\u00b753-2\u00b721), male sex (1\u00b763, 1\u00b707-2\u00b748), smoking status (former smoker vs never smoked: 1\u00b760, 1\u00b703-2\u00b747), number of comorbidities (two vs none: 4\u00b750, 1\u00b733-15\u00b728), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or higher (status of 2 vs 0 or 1: 3\u00b789, 2\u00b711-7\u00b718), active cancer (progressing vs remission: 5\u00b720, 2\u00b777-9\u00b777), and receipt of azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine (vs treatment with neither: 2\u00b793, 1\u00b779-4\u00b779; confounding by indication cannot be excluded). Compared with residence in the US-Northeast, residence in Canada (0\u00b724, 0\u00b707-0\u00b784) or the US-Midwest (0\u00b750, 0\u00b728-0\u00b790) were associated with decreased 30-day all-cause mortality. Race and ethnicity, obesity status, cancer type, type of anticancer therapy, and recent surgery were not associated with mortality. Among patients with cancer and COVID-19, 30-day all-cause mortality was high and associated with general risk factors and risk factors unique to patients with cancer. Longer follow-up is needed to better understand the effect of COVID-19 on outcomes in patients with cancer, including the ability to continue specific cancer treatments. American Cancer Society, National Institutes of Health, and Hope Foundation for Cancer Research."}, {"pmid": 32179137, "pmcid": "PMC7270890", "title": "Estimation of the asymptomatic ratio of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-19).", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nishiura, Hiroshi", "Kobayashi, Tetsuro", "Miyama, Takeshi", "Suzuki, Ayako", "Jung, Sung-Mok", "Hayashi, Katsuma", "Kinoshita, Ryo", "Yang, Yichi", "Yuan, Baoyin", "Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R", "Linton, Natalie M"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179137", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419400, "pmcid": "PMC7234863", "title": "Social Distancing against COVID-19: Implication for the Control of Influenza.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Noh, Ji Yun", "Seong, Hye", "Yoon, Jin Gu", "Song, Joon Young", "Cheong, Hee Jin", "Kim, Woo Joo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419400", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social distancing has been adopted as one of basic protective measures against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). During 2019-2020 season, influenza epidemic period was exceptionally short and epidemic peak was low in comparison with previous seasons in Korea. Influenza epidemic pattern was bimodal in 2016-2017 and 2018-2019 seasons, however, influenza viruses have rarely been circulating in spring, 2020 in Korea. Although multiple factors could affect the size of influenza epidemic, extensive application of nonpharmaceutical interventions including mask wearing and social distancing in response to COVID-19 seems to be a major factor of reduced influenza epidemic. Social distancing measures with high feasibility and high acceptability should be implemented even if severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are developed in the future. Establishment of guideline for workplace social distancing is needed and it would contribute to reduce disease burden of influenza, especially in vaccine mismatch year."}, {"pmid": 32426222, "pmcid": "PMC7227522", "title": "The Ethics of COVID-19 Clinical Trials: New Considerations in a Controversial Area.", "journal": "Integr Med Res", "authors": ["Han, Zhenzhen", "Wang, Junting", "Zhang, Kai", "Tang, Qilin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426222", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437667, "pmcid": "PMC7211707", "title": "LUNG ULTRASOUND IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNECOLOGISTS.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Youssef, Aly", "Serra, Carla", "Pilu, Gianluigi"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437667", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge to every health system over the globe. Unfortunately, it is likely that this emergency will not disappear soon. No health system, with its present resources and work flow is ready to deal with a full-blown wave of this pandemic. Rapid acquisition of specific new skills may be fundamental in delivering appropriate health care for our patients. COVID-19 infection is classically diagnosed by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and radiological investigations (X-ray or high-resolution computerized tomography). These techniques are not without limitations. Ultrasound has been suggested as a reliable and accurate tool for assessing the lungs in patients with suspected pneumonia. Obstetricians and gynecologists are usually familiar with the use of ultrasound. Lung ultrasound can show specific signs of interstitial pneumonia, which is characteristic of COVID-19 pulmonary infection. We believe that extensive and rapid training of healthcare providers on the application of ultrasound in the detection of characteristic pulmonary signs of COVID-19 infection, in addition to proper care and handling of their ultrasound machines, is feasible and may be critical in order to provide appropriate management especially of the obstetric patient in the coming period. We present a systematic approach to lung examination, simplified to encourage its adoption by obstetricians and gynecologists, together with an example of a recent pregnant woman with COVID-19 infection, in which lung ultrasound was useful in the management."}, {"pmid": 32246497, "title": "Strategies for Disseminating and Implementing COVID-19 Public Health Prevention Practices in Rural Areas.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Prusaczyk, Beth"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437929, "pmcid": "PMC7207126", "title": "Visualising COVID-19 Pandemic Risk through Network Connectedness.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["So, Mike K P", "Tiwari, Agnes", "Chu, Amanda M Y", "Tsang, Jenny T Y", "Chan, Jacky N L"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437929", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the domestic and international spread of the COVID-19, much attention has been given to estimating pandemic risk. We propose the use of a novel application of a well-established scientific approach, network analysis,\u00a0to provide a direct visualisation (the infographics in Figures 1 and 2) of the COVID-19 pandemic risk. By showing visually the degree of connectedness between different regions based on reported confirmed cases of COVID-19, we demonstrate that network analysis provides a relatively simple yet powerful way to estimate the pandemic risk."}, {"pmid": 32450346, "pmcid": "PMC7244444", "title": "Biochemical indicators of coronavirus disease 2019 exacerbation and the clinical implications.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["An, Peng-Jiao", "Yi, Zhun Zhu", "Yang, Li-Ping"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450346", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has sparked a global pandemic, affecting more than 4 million people worldwide. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause acute lung injury (ALI) and even acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); with a fatality of 7.0 %. Accumulating evidence suggested that the progression of COVID-19 is associated with lymphopenia and excessive inflammation, and a subset of severe cases might exhibit cytokine storm triggered by secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). Furthermore, secondary bacterial infection may contribute to the exacerbation of COVID-19. We recommend using both IL-10 and IL-6 as the indicators of cytokine storm, and monitoring the elevation of procalcitonin (PCT) as an alert for initiating antibacterial agents. Understanding the dynamic progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial to determine an effective treatment strategy to reduce the rising mortality of this global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32387389, "pmcid": "PMC7199731", "title": "Study of combining virtual screening and antiviral treatments of the Sars-CoV-2 (Covid-19).", "journal": "Microb Pathog", "authors": ["Khodadadi, Ehsaneh", "Maroufi, Parham", "Khodadadi, Ehsan", "Esposito, Isabella", "Ganbarov, Khudaverdi", "Espsoito, Silvano", "Yousefi, Mehdi", "Zeinalzadeh, Elham", "Kafil, Hossein Samadi"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387389", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent epidemic outbreak of a novel human coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 and causing the respiratory tract disease COVID-19 has reached worldwide resonance and a global effort is being undertaken to characterize the molecular features and evolutionary origins of this virus. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic viruses plays a vital role in selecting appropriate treatments, saving people's lives and preventing epidemics. Additionally, general treatments, coronavirus-specific treatments, and antiviral treatments useful in fighting COVID-19 are addressed. This review sets out to shed light on the SARS-CoV-2 and host receptor recognition, a crucial factor for successful virus infection and taking immune-informatics approaches to identify B- and T-cell epitopes for surface glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. A variety of improved or new approaches also have been developed. It is anticipated that this will assist researchers and clinicians in developing better techniques for timely and effective detection of coronavirus infection. Moreover, the genomic sequence of the virus responsible for COVID-19, as well as the experimentally determined three-dimensional structure of the Main protease (Mpro) is available. The reported structure of the target Mpro was described in this review to identify potential drugs for COVID-19 using virtual high throughput screening."}, {"pmid": 32335075, "pmcid": "PMC7252044", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Mental Health and Psychological Distress in People with Diabetes during COVID-19.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Sonia", "Mukhtar, Sakina"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335075", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498131, "title": "Pandemic Best Regulatory Practices: An Urgent Need in the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Lumpkin, Murray M", "Lim, John Cw"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498131", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As large numbers of candidate drugs and vaccines for potential use in the Covid-19 pandemic are investigated, medicines regulators globally must now make urgent, informed, contextually risk-based decisions regarding clinical trials and marketing authorizations. They must do this with the flexibility demanded by the pandemic while maintaining their core risk assessment and public safety functions. We lay out the critical role of regulators in the current crisis and offer eight \"pandemic best regulatory practices.\""}, {"pmid": 32301752, "title": "Women and children first: the need for ringfencing during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Grunebaum, Amos", "Dudenhausen, Joachim", "McCullough, Laurence B", "Chervenak, Frank A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325426, "pmcid": "PMC7202309", "title": "Conversations and Medical News Frames on Twitter: Infodemiological Study on COVID-19 in South Korea.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Park, Han Woo", "Park, Sejung", "Chong, Miyoung"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325426", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2) was spreading rapidly in South Korea at the end of February 2020 following its initial outbreak in China, making Korea the new center of global attention. The role of social media amid the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has often been criticized, but little systematic research has been conducted on this issue. Social media functions as a convenient source of information in pandemic situations. Few infodemiology studies have applied network analysis in conjunction with content analysis. This study investigates information transmission networks and news-sharing behaviors regarding COVID-19 on Twitter in Korea. The real time aggregation of social media data can serve as a starting point for designing strategic messages for health campaigns and establishing an effective communication system during this outbreak. Korean COVID-19-related Twitter data were collected on February 29, 2020. Our final sample comprised of 43,832 users and 78,233 relationships on Twitter. We generated four networks in terms of key issues regarding COVID-19 in Korea. This study comparatively investigates how COVID-19-related issues have circulated on Twitter through network analysis. Next, we classified top news channels shared via tweets. Lastly, we conducted a content analysis of news frames used in the top-shared sources. The network analysis suggests that the spread of information was faster in the Coronavirus network than in the other networks (Corona19, Shincheon, and Daegu). People who used the word \"Coronavirus\" communicated more frequently with each other. The spread of information was faster, and the diameter value was lower than for those who used other terms. Many of the news items highlighted the positive roles being played by individuals and groups, directing readers' attention to the crisis. Ethical issues such as deviant behavior among the population and an entertainment frame highlighting celebrity donations also emerged often. There was a significant difference in the use of nonportal (n=14) and portal news (n=26) sites between the four network types. The news frames used in the top sources were similar across the networks (P=.89, 95% CI 0.004-0.006). Tweets containing medically framed news articles (mean 7.571, SD 1.988) were found to be more popular than tweets that included news articles adopting nonmedical frames (mean 5.060, SD 2.904; N=40, P=.03, 95% CI 0.169-4.852). Most of the popular news on Twitter had nonmedical frames. Nevertheless, the spillover effect of the news articles that delivered medical information about COVID-19 was greater than that of news with nonmedical frames. Social media network analytics cannot replace the work of public health officials; however, monitoring public conversations and media news that propagates rapidly can assist public health professionals in their complex and fast-paced decision-making processes."}, {"pmid": 32523141, "title": "Coronavirus infection in patients with diabetes.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Torres-Tamayo, Margarita", "Caracas-Portillo, Nacu A", "Pena-Aparicio, Berenice", "Juarez-Rojas, Juan G", "Medina-Urrutia, Aida X", "Martinez-Alvarado, Maria Del R"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523141", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes mellitus is a complex, multifactorial, chronic disease characterized by impaired metabolism of glucose, fats and proteins. Patients who suffer from it frequently have hyperglycemia and coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death. The comorbidities associated with diabetes are overweight and obesity, systemic arterial hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia and in some patients peripheral vascular disease, kidney damage, neuropathy and retinopathy. Chronic lack of control of the disease is associated with increased susceptibility to infections, which generally have few symptoms, but hyperglycemia is generally magnified, which worsens the course of infections. Since December 2019, when the disease caused by one of the coronaviruses (coronavirus 2 of severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS-CoV-2) was identified and has been called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there have been some reports that associate the presence of diabetes with an increased risk of mortality. In this review article we have focused on four specific points: 1) epidemiology of the prevalence and mortality of COVID 19 in the general population and in the population with type 2 diabetes mellitus; 2) pathophysiology related to the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to receptors in subjects with diabetes; 3) the immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2, and 4) the outpatient and hospital treatment recommended in patients with diabetes who become infected with SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32529963, "title": "Can lactoferrin boost human immunity against COVID-19?", "journal": "Pathog Glob Health", "authors": ["AlKhazindar, M", "Elnagdy, S M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529963", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427186, "pmcid": "PMC7228689", "title": "Pandemic of COVID-19: A lesson for biology and health research.", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427186", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203189, "pmcid": "PMC7091888", "title": "Characterization of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 2019 novel coronavirus: implication for development of RBD protein as a viral attachment inhibitor and vaccine.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Tai, Wanbo", "He, Lei", "Zhang, Xiujuan", "Pu, Jing", "Voronin, Denis", "Jiang, Shibo", "Zhou, Yusen", "Du, Lanying"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203189", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a serious threat to global public health, calling for the development of safe and effective prophylactics and therapeutics against infection of its causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The CoV spike (S) protein plays the most important roles in viral attachment, fusion and entry, and serves as a target for development of antibodies, entry inhibitors and vaccines. Here, we identified the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in SARS-CoV-2 S protein and found that the RBD protein bound strongly to human and bat angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. SARS-CoV-2 RBD exhibited significantly higher binding affinity to ACE2 receptor than SARS-CoV RBD and could block the binding and, hence, attachment of SARS-CoV-2 RBD and SARS-CoV RBD to ACE2-expressing cells, thus inhibiting their infection to host cells. SARS-CoV RBD-specific antibodies could cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein, and SARS-CoV RBD-induced antisera could cross-neutralize SARS-CoV-2, suggesting the potential to develop SARS-CoV RBD-based vaccines for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32445403, "pmcid": "PMC7267129", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immune responses: friends or foes?", "journal": "Scand J Immunol", "authors": ["Li, Keying", "Hao, Zhenhua", "Zhao, Xiaohui", "Du, Jiying", "Zhou, Yanlin"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445403", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging coronavirus that belongs to the \u03b2 genus, causing the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infection can stimulate a pronounced immune response in the host, which embodies in the decrease of lymphocytes and aberrant increase of cytokines in COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 RNA and proteins interact with various pattern recognition receptors that switch on antiviral immune responses to regulate viral replication and spreading within the host in vivo. However, overactive and impaired immune responses also cause immune damage and subsequent tissue inflammation. This article focuses on the dual roles of immune system during SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing a theoretical basic for identifying therapeutic targets in a situation with an unfavorable immune reaction."}, {"pmid": 32394579, "pmcid": "PMC7214950", "title": "Preventing suicide in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "World Psychiatry", "authors": ["McIntyre, Roger S", "Lee, Yena"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394579", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524832, "title": "IS ALBUMIN PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY IN COVID-19 ?", "journal": "Antioxid Redox Signal", "authors": ["Violi, Francesco", "Cangemi, Roberto", "Romiti, Giulio Francesco", "Ceccarelli, Giancarlo", "Oliva, Alessandra", "Alessandri, Francesco", "Pirro, Matteo", "Pignatelli, Pasquale", "Lichtner, Miriam", "Carraro, Anna", "Cipollone, Francesco", "d'ardes, Damiano", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Mastroianni, Claudio"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524832", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) is a pandemic associated with a high risk of mortality. Human serum albumin (HSA) is an acute phase reactant with antioxidant property, however its behavior and impact on survival in Covid-19 patients has never been studied so far. Among 319 Covid-19 patients followed-up for a median of 19 days, 64 died. Compared to survivors, non-survivors had more prevalence of Intensive care unit (ICU) admission, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure, elevated levels of D-dimer, hs-CRP and troponins and lower values of albumin. At the Cox regression analysis, albumin (HR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.23-0.63, p<0.001) and age (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06, p=0.001) were independently associated with mortality, irrespective of adjustment for sex, ICU admission, heart failure, COPD and hs-CRP levels. Our observation leads to the hypothesis that HSA analysis may be used to identify patients at higher risk of death in Covid-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32277299, "pmcid": "PMC7146013", "title": "Perspective: cardiovascular disease and the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Basic Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Gori, Tommaso", "Lelieveld, Jos", "Munzel, Thomas"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277299", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We summarize the cardiovascular risks associated with Covid-19 pandemic, discussing the risks for both infected and non-infected patients."}, {"pmid": 32514708, "title": "Low-Intensity Monitoring After Stroke Thrombolysis During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurocrit Care", "authors": ["Faigle, Roland", "Johnson, Brenda", "Summers, Debbie", "Khatri, Pooja", "Anderson, Craig S", "Urrutia, Victor C"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303725, "pmcid": "PMC7186931", "title": "Coronavirus jolts labs to warp speed.", "journal": "Nat Methods", "authors": ["Marx, Vivien"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303725", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484451, "title": "Critical role of laboratory medicine in the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Adeli, Khosrow"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484451", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216009, "title": "Novel coronavirus and the central nervous system.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Sun, T", "Guan, J"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216009", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376393, "pmcid": "PMC7252120", "title": "Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), a key molecule of innate and adaptive immunity, and its potential involvement in COVID-19-related thrombotic and vascular mechanisms.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Raucci, Federica", "Mansour, Adel Abo", "Casillo, Gian Marco", "Saviano, Anella", "Caso, Francesco", "Scarpa, Raffaele", "Mascolo, Nicola", "Iqbal, Asif Jilani", "Maione, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376393", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358107, "title": "In other Covid-19 news.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358107", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396996, "pmcid": "PMC7272948", "title": "Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID-19.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Azkur, Ahmet Kursat", "Akdis, Mubeccel", "Azkur, Dilek", "Sokolowska, Milena", "van de Veen, Willem", "Bruggen, Marie-Charlotte", "O'Mahony, Liam", "Gao, Yadong", "Nadeau, Kari", "Akdis, Cezmi A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396996", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a zoonotic disease that has already spread globally to several million human beings and possibly to domestic and wild animals, eradication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears practically impossible. There is a pressing need to improve our understanding of the immunology of this disease to contain the pandemic by developing vaccines and medicines for the prevention and treatment of patients. In this review, we aim to improve our understanding on the immune response and immunopathological changes in patients linked to detoriating clinical conditions such as, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, autopsy findings and changes in acute phase reactants and serum biochemistry in COVID-19. Similar to many other viral infections, asymptomatic disease is present in a significant but currently unknown fraction of the affected individuals.In the majority of the patients, a one-week, self-limiting viral respiratory disease typically occurs, which ends with the development of neutralizing anti-viral T cell and antibody immunity. The IgM, IgA and IgG type virus-specific antibodies levels are important measurements to predict population immunity against this disease and whether cross-reactivity with other coronaviruses is taking place.High viral-load during the first infection and repeated exposure to virus especially in healthcare workers can be an important factor for severity of disease. It should be noted that many aspects of severe patients are unique to COVID-19 and are rarely observed in other respiratory viral infections, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia and lung tissue damage, a cytokine storm leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. Lymphopenia causes a defect in antiviral and immune regulatory immunity. At the same time, a cytokine storm starts with extensive activation of cytokine-secreting cells with innate and adaptive immune mechanisms both of with contribute to a poor prognosis. Elevated levels of acute phase reactants and lymphopenia are early predictors of high disease severity. Prevention of development to severe disease, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome and novel approachs to prevent their development will be main routes for future research areas. As we learn to live amidst the virus, understanding the immunology of the disease can assist in containing the pandemic and in developing vaccines and medicines to prevent and treat individual patients."}, {"pmid": 32506724, "title": "Who's afraid of the big bad wolf? The experience of an Oral Medicine Unit in the time of Corona-Virus.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Sardella, Andrea", "Varoni, Elena", "Carrassi, Antonio", "Pispero, Alberto", "Lombardi, Niccolo", "Lodi, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506724", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To cope with the emergency from COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) and to increase the supply of intensive care beds, all over the world it was necessary to remodel or suspend the deferred and non-urgent inpatient and outpatient activities, including those provided by the dental clinics."}, {"pmid": 32337591, "pmcid": "PMC7197613", "title": "Early risk factors for the duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral positivity in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lin, Aifen", "He, Ze-Bao", "Zhang, Sheng", "Zhang, Jian-Gang", "Zhang, Xia", "Yan, Wei-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337591", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumonia COVID-19 has became a pandemic. However, information on early risk factors for the duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral positivity is unavailable yet. In this prospective study, a cohort of 137 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. Clinical information and laboratory data were retrieved from electronic medical records. Viral positivity duration was calculated by an interval from the day SARS-CoV-2 positive confirmed to the day SARS-CoV-2 returned to negative in these 137 COVID-19 patients. Early risk factors for the duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral positivity were evaluated. The median SARS-CoV-2 viral positivity duration is 12 days (range: 4 days ~ 45 days) for this cohort. Cox regression results showed a significantly shorter viral positivity duration was related to younger [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.658, p = 0.017], not severe patient (HR = 0.653, p = 0.076), higher count of lymphocytes (HR = 1.464, p = 0.033), eosinophils (HR = 1.514, p = 0.020) and CD8+ T cells (HR=1.745, p=0.033), and lower IL-6 (HR = 0.664, p = 0.036) and IL-10 (HR = 0.631, p = 0.021). Multivariate analysis with covariables adjusted results showed that the count of CD8+ T cells (HR=2.376, p=0.114) was a predominant risk factor for the SARS-CoV-2 viral positivity duration. Our findings firstly provided early laboratory parameters such as count of CD8+ T cells, as risk factors for the duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral positivity, which have significance in control and prevention of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32346843, "pmcid": "PMC7188454", "title": "Neurological Implications of COVID-19 Infections.", "journal": "Neurocrit Care", "authors": ["Needham, Edward J", "Chou, Sherry H-Y", "Coles, Alasdair J", "Menon, David K"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346843", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic will result in substantial neurological disease, whether through direct infection (rare), para-infectious complications (less rare), or critical illness more generally (common). Here, we raise the importance of stringent diagnosis and data collection regarding neurological complications of COVID-19; we urge caution in the over-diagnosis of neurological disease where it does not exist, but equally strongly encourage the concerted surveillance for such conditions. Additional to the direct neurological complications of COVID-19 infection, neurological patients are at risk of harm from both structural limitations (such as number of intensive care beds), and a hesitancy to treat with certain necessary medications given risk of nosocomial COVID-19 infection. We therefore also outline the specific management of patients with neuroinflammatory diseases in the context of the pandemic. This article describes the implications of COVID-19 on neurological disease and advertises the Neurocritical Care Society's international data collection collaborative that seeks to align data elements."}, {"pmid": 32362641, "title": "Ethics preparedness for infectious disease outbreaks research in India: A case for novel coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Mathur, Roli"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362641", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379016, "pmcid": "PMC7251282", "title": "Incorporating Issues of Elderly Loneliness into the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Public Health Response.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Patel, Sonny S", "Clark-Ginsberg, Aaron"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the systems that people depend on are increasingly strained by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, public health impacts are manifesting in different ways beyond morbidity and mortality for elderly populations. Loneliness is already a chief public health concern that is being made worse by COVID-19. Agencies should recognize the prevalence of loneliness among elderly populations and the impacts that their interventions have on loneliness. This letter describes several ways that loneliness can be addressed to build resilience for elderly populations as part of the public health response to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32275347, "pmcid": "PMC7262276", "title": "Myocardial localization of coronavirus in COVID-19 cardiogenic shock.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Tavazzi, Guido", "Pellegrini, Carlo", "Maurelli, Marco", "Belliato, Mirko", "Sciutti, Fabio", "Bottazzi, Andrea", "Sepe, Paola Alessandra", "Resasco, Tullia", "Camporotondo, Rita", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Paolucci, Stefania", "Pelenghi, Stefano", "Iotti, Giorgio Antonio", "Mojoli, Francesco", "Arbustini, Eloisa"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275347", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the first case of acute cardiac injury directly linked to myocardial localization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02 (SARS-CoV-2) in a 69-year-old patient with flu-like symptoms rapidly degenerating into respiratory distress, hypotension, and cardiogenic shock. The patient was successfully treated with venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and mechanical ventilation. Cardiac function fully recovered in 5\u2009days and ECMO was removed. Endomyocardial biopsy demonstrated low-grade myocardial inflammation and viral particles in the myocardium suggesting either a viraemic phase or, alternatively, infected macrophage migration from the lung."}, {"pmid": 32507333, "title": "Tracheal introducers and airway trauma COVID-19. [Br J Anaesth] (2020) [Epub ahead of print].", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Sorbello, Massimiliano", "Hodzovic, Iljaz", "Cusumano, Giacomo", "Frova, Giulio"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507333", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32170017, "pmcid": "PMC7132249", "title": "Impact of international travel and border control measures on the global spread of the novel 2019 coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Wells, Chad R", "Sah, Pratha", "Moghadas, Seyed M", "Pandey, Abhishek", "Shoukat, Affan", "Wang, Yaning", "Wang, Zheng", "Meyers, Lauren A", "Singer, Burton H", "Galvani, Alison P"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32170017", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) in mainland China has rapidly spread across the globe. Within 2 mo since the outbreak was first reported on December 31, 2019, a total of 566 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS CoV-2) cases have been confirmed in 26 other countries. Travel restrictions and border control measures have been enforced in China and other countries to limit the spread of the outbreak. We estimate the impact of these control measures and investigate the role of the airport travel network on the global spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. Our results show that the daily risk of exporting at least a single SARS CoV-2 case from mainland China via international travel exceeded 95% on January 13, 2020. We found that 779 cases (95% CI: 632 to 967) would have been exported by February 15, 2020 without any border or travel restrictions and that the travel lockdowns enforced by the Chinese government averted 70.5% (95% CI: 68.8 to 72.0%) of these cases. In addition, during the first three and a half weeks of implementation, the travel restrictions decreased the daily rate of exportation by 81.3% (95% CI: 80.5 to 82.1%), on average. At this early stage of the epidemic, reduction in the rate of exportation could delay the importation of cases into cities unaffected by the COVID-19 outbreak, buying time to coordinate an appropriate public health response."}, {"pmid": 32391367, "pmcid": "PMC7191079", "title": "The Malnutritional Status of the Host as a Virulence Factor for New Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Briguglio, Matteo", "Pregliasco, Fabrizio Ernesto", "Lombardi, Giovanni", "Perazzo, Paolo", "Banfi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391367", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375883, "pmcid": "PMC7200992", "title": "Can computed tomography be a primary tool for COVID-19 detection? Evidence appraisal through meta-analysis.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Huang, Edward Pei-Chuan", "Sung, Chih-Wei", "Chen, Chi-Hsin", "Fan, Cheng-Yi", "Lai, Pei-Chun", "Huang, Yen-Ta"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375883", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414963, "title": "Changes to calf bTB testing during Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414963", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460173, "pmcid": "PMC7236671", "title": "Clinical evaluation of AusDiagnostics SARS-CoV-2 multiplex tandem PCR assay.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Attwood, Lucy O", "Francis, Michelle J", "Hamblin, John", "Korman, Tony M", "Druce, Julian", "Graham, Maryza"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460173", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the pandemic, the rapid emergency use authorisation of diagnostic assays for SARS-CoV-2 has meant there are few peer-reviewed published studies of clinical performance of commercial assays. To evaluate the clinical performance of AusDiagnostics respiratory multiplex tandem PCR assay including SARS-CoV-2. We reviewed the results following implementation of AusDiagnostics respiratory multiplex tandem PCR assay including SARS-CoV-2, and compared with an in-house RT-PCR assay at our State Reference Laboratory. Initial validation using AusDiagnostics coronavirus multiplex tandem PCR assay including SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated good concordance with the State Reference Laboratory. After implementing the AusDiagnostics respiratory multiplex tandem PCR assay including SARS-CoV-2, we tested 7839 samples. 127 samples in which SARS-CoV-2 was detected using the AusDiagnostics assay were referred for testing at the State Reference Laboratory, with concordant results in 118/127 (92.9%) of samples. After resolution of discrepancies, 125/127 (98.4%) of AusDiagnostics results were determined to be true positive results. Out of 7839 samples tested for SARS-CoV-2 during this period, only 2 tests (0.02%) were indeterminate results. The AusDiagnostics respiratory MT-PCR assay is a reliable assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32417194, "pmcid": "PMC7166021", "title": "Management of the COVID-19 epidemic by public health establishments-Analysis by the Federation Hospitaliere de France.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Barro, K", "Malone, A", "Mokede, A", "Chevance, C"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of this article is to detail the measures taken in public institutions to cope with the COVID-19 epidemic. It details the initial strategy, organizational evolution towards \"all-COVID\", coordination between the various stakeholders and the strategy for maintaining continuity of care. The Quebec experience is also used as an example. Finally, an exit strategy must be anticipated at this phase of the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32354030, "title": "Functional Role of Dietary Intervention to Improve the Outcome of COVID-19: A Hypothesis of Work.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Messina, Giovanni", "Polito, Rita", "Monda, Vincenzo", "Cipolloni, Luigi", "Di Nunno, Nunzio", "Di Mizio, Giulio", "Murabito, Paolo", "Carotenuto, Marco", "Messina, Antonietta", "Pisanelli, Daniela", "Valenzano, Anna", "Cibelli, Giuseppe", "Scarinci, Alessia", "Monda, Marcellino", "Sessa, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354030", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On the 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown origin detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The infection spread first in China and then in the rest of the world, and on the 11th of March, the WHO declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic. Taking into consideration the mortality rate of COVID-19, about 5-7%, and the percentage of positive patients admitted to intensive care units being 9-11%, it should be mandatory to consider and take all necessary measures to contain the COVID-19 infection. Moreover, given the recent evidence in different hospitals suggesting IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 inhibitor drugs as a possible therapy for COVID-19, we aimed to highlight that a dietary intervention could be useful to prevent the infection and/or to ameliorate the outcomes during therapy. Considering that the COVID-19 infection can generate a mild or highly acute respiratory syndrome with a consequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1, a dietary regimen modification in order to improve the levels of adiponectin could be very useful both to prevent the infection and to take care of patients, improving their outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32441495, "title": "COVID-19 and Infection Control: A Perspective From the Psychiatric Ward.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Patel, Shivali", "Gautam, Mohan", "Mahr, Gregory"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441495", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315421, "pmcid": "PMC7188165", "title": "Response letter to Eosinophil count in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Qian, Guo-Qing", "Zhang, Xie", "Ma, Ada Hoi Yan", "Yang, Nai-Bin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315421", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278175, "pmcid": "PMC7128376", "title": "COVID-19: A promising cure for the global panic.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Vellingiri, Balachandar", "Jayaramayya, Kaavya", "Iyer, Mahalaxmi", "Narayanasamy, Arul", "Govindasamy, Vivekanandhan", "Giridharan, Bupesh", "Ganesan, Singaravelu", "Venugopal, Anila", "Venkatesan, Dhivya", "Ganesan, Harsha", "Rajagopalan, Kamarajan", "Rahman, Pattanathu K S M", "Cho, Ssang-Goo", "Kumar, Nachimuthu Senthil", "Subramaniam, Mohana Devi"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278175", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The outbreak of COVID-19 is wreaking havoc worldwide due to inadequate risk assessment regarding the urgency of the situation. The COVID-19 pandemic has entered a dangerous new phase. When compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has spread more rapidly, due to increased globalization and adaptation of the virus in every environment. Slowing the spread of the COVID-19 cases will significantly reduce the strain on the healthcare system of the country by limiting the number of people who are severely sick by COVID-19 and need hospital care. Hence, the recent outburst of COVID-19 highlights an urgent need for therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2. Here, we have discussed the structure of virus; varying symptoms among COVID-19, SARS, MERS and common flu; the probable mechanism behind the infection and its immune response. Further, the current treatment options, drugs available, ongoing trials and recent diagnostics for COVID-19 have been discussed. We suggest traditional Indian medicinal plants as possible novel therapeutic approaches, exclusively targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its pathways."}, {"pmid": 32407853, "pmcid": "PMC7215160", "title": "Ramping up Delivery of Cardiac Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Guidance Statement from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons COVID-19 Task Force.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Engelman, Daniel T", "Lother, Sylvain", "George, Isaac", "Ailawadi, Gorav", "Atluri, Pavan", "Grant, Michael C", "Haft, Jonathan W", "Hassan, Ansar", "Legare, Jean-Francois", "Whitman, Glenn", "Arora, Rakesh C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407853", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound global impact. Its rapid transmissibility has transformed healthcare delivery and forced countries to adopt strict measures to contain its spread. The vast majority of U.S. cardiac surgical programs have deferred all but truly emergent/urgent operative procedures in an effort to reduce the burden on the healthcare system and to mobilize resources to combat the pandemic surge. While the number of COVID-19 cases continues to increase worldwide, the incidence of new cases has begun to decline in many North American cities. This \"flattening of the curve\" has prompted interest in re-opening the economy, relaxing public health restrictions, and resuming non-urgent health care delivery."}, {"pmid": 32330541, "pmcid": "PMC7172785", "title": "Do patients with cancer have a poorer prognosis of COVID-19? An experience in New York City.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Miyashita, H", "Mikami, T", "Chopra, N", "Yamada, T", "Chernyavsky, S", "Rizk, D", "Cruz, C"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330541", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360301, "pmcid": "PMC7187831", "title": "Proposal for the return to routine endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Gupta, Sunil", "Shahidi, Neal", "Gilroy, Nicole", "Rex, Douglas K", "Burgess, Nicholas G", "Bourke, Michael J"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360301", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many jurisdictions and gastroenterological societies around the world have suspended nonurgent endoscopy. Subject to country-specific variability, it is projected that with current mitigation measures in place, the peak incidence of active COVID-19 infections may be delayed by over 6 months. Although this aims to prevent the overburdening of healthcare systems, prolonged deferral of elective endoscopy will become unsustainable. Herein, we propose that by incorporating readily available point-of-care tests and conducting accurate clinical risk assessments, a safe and timely return to elective endoscopy is feasible. Our algorithm not only focuses on the safety of patients and healthcare workers, but also assists in rationalizing the use of invaluable resources such as personal protective equipment."}, {"pmid": 32382248, "pmcid": "PMC7196039", "title": "Substantial direct medical costs for symptomatic COVID-19 cases in the US.", "journal": "PharmacoEcon Outcomes News", "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382248", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523872, "pmcid": "PMC7265835", "title": "Can COVID 19 present like appendicitis?", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Abdalhadi, Ahmed", "Alkhatib, Mohammed", "Mismar, Ahmad Y", "Awouda, Waleed", "Albarqouni, Loai"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523872", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease -19 is a novel pandemic contagious respiratory infection that frequently presents with fever and dry cough. However, it can present with other rare symptoms. As this disease is a new disease, the full picture of the disease presentation is not yet clear, and it might present with symptoms and signs of other common diseases. Here, we report a 40 year old female who presented with acute onset nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and vague abdominal pain as a clinical picture of appendicitis, but her CT abdomen image showed normal appendix, bilateral patchy peripheral lung basal consolidation, and ground-glass attenuation, so she was tested for coronavirus disease-19, which was positive."}, {"pmid": 32358130, "title": "An update on our response to Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358130", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BVA is working hard to keep the veterinary profession informed and supported during these challenging and unpredictable times."}, {"pmid": 32344444, "title": "[The COVID-19 Pandemia and its consequences for plastic surgery and hand surgery].", "journal": "Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir", "authors": ["Giunta, Riccardo E", "Frank, Konstantin", "Moellhoff, Nicholas", "Braig, David", "Haas, Elisabeth M", "Ahmad, Nura", "Hagen, Christine S", "Wiggenhauser, Paul Severin", "Frick, Andreas", "Koban, Konstantin", "Wachtel, Nikolaus", "Taha, Sara", "Ehrl, Denis", "Schenck, Thilo L"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344444", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of a SARS-Cov-2 virus infection was confirmed on January 27th in Munich. For both, plastic and hand surgeons it is crucial to act responsible, minimize the transmission of the virus and aid in reasonable and adequate allocation of resources for the treatment of affected patients during this pandemia. This article aims to provide an overview over the latest developments and insights that affect plastic and hand surgeons. At the same time plastic and hand surgeons are required to participate actively in the discussion of new regulatory measures that on one hand aim to ensure a proper medical care of COVID-19 patients and on the other hand need to guarantee coverage of all other patients. Furthermore exit\u00a0-\u00a0strategies after the pandemia need to be discussed by our societies. Naturally, this manuscript provides insight into the current situation, which might undergo changes due to the swift progression of the pandemia."}, {"pmid": 32250959, "pmcid": "PMC7147327", "title": "Dentists' Awareness, Perception, and Attitude Regarding COVID-19 and Infection Control: Cross-Sectional Study Among Jordanian Dentists.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Khader, Yousef", "Al Nsour, Mohannad", "Al-Batayneh, Ola Barakat", "Saadeh, Rami", "Bashier, Haitham", "Alfaqih, Mahmoud", "Al-Azzam, Sayer", "AlShurman, Bara' Abdallah"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250959", "countries": ["Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the availability of prevention guidelines and recommendations on infection control, many dental practices lack the minimum requirements for infection control. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness, perception, and attitude regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and infection control among Jordanian dentists. The study population consisted of dentists who worked in private clinics, hospitals, and health centers in Jordan. An online questionnaire was sent to a sample of Jordanian dentists in March 2020. The questionnaire was comprised of a series of questions about dentists' demographic characteristics; their awareness of the incubation period, the symptoms of the disease, mode of transmission of COVID-19 and infection control measures for preventing COVID-19; and their attitude toward treating patients with COVID-19. This study included a total of 368 dentists aged 22-73 years (mean 32.9 years, SD 10.6 years). A total of 112 (30.4%) dentists had completed a master or residency program in dentistry, 195 (53.0%) had received training in infection control in dentistry, and 28 (7.6%) had attended training or lectures regarding COVID-19. A total of 133 (36.1%) dentists reported that the incubation period is 1-14 days. The majority of dentists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms and ways of identifying patients at risk of having COVID-19, were able to correctly report known modes of transmission, and were aware of measures for preventing COVID-19 transmission in dental clinics. A total of 275 (74.7%) believed that it was necessary to ask patients to sit far from each other, wear masks while in the waiting room, and wash hands before getting in the dental chair to decrease disease transmission. Jordanian dentists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms, mode of transmission, and infection controls and measures in dental clinics. However, dentists had limited comprehension of the extra precautionary measures that protect the dental staff and other patients from COVID-19. National and international guidelines should be sent by the regional and national dental associations to all registered dentists during a crisis, including the COVID-19 pandemic, to make sure that dentists are well informed and aware of best practices and recommended disease management approaches."}, {"pmid": 32370986, "pmcid": "PMC7172808", "title": "Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Ann Endocrinol (Paris)", "authors": ["Alexandre, Joachim", "Cracowski, Jean-Luc", "Richard, Vincent", "Bouhanick, Beatrice"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370986", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the multiplication of COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome cases due to SARS-COV2, some concerns about angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARB) have emerged. Since the ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) enzyme is the receptor that allows SARS COV2 entry into cells, the fear was that pre-existing treatment with ACEi or ARB might increase the risk of developing severe or fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome in case of COVID-19 infection. The present article discusses these concerns. ACE2 is a membrane-bound enzyme (carboxypeptidase) that contributes to the inactivation of angiotensin II and therefore physiologically counters angiotensin II effects. ACEis do not inhibit ACE2. Although ARBs have been shown to up-regulate ACE2 tissue expression in experimental animals, evidence was not always consistent in human studies. Moreover, to date there is no evidence that ACEi or ARB administration facilitates SARS-COV2 cell entry by increasing ACE2 tissue expression in either animal or human studies. Finally, some studies support the hypothesis that elevated ACE2 membrane expression and tissue activity by administration of ARB and/or infusion of soluble ACE2 could confer protective properties against inflammatory tissue damage in COVID-19 infection. In summary, based on the currently available evidence and as advocated by many medical societies, ACEi or ARB should not be discontinued because of concerns with COVID-19 infection, except when the hemodynamic situation is precarious and case-by-case adjustment is required."}, {"pmid": 32490680, "pmcid": "PMC7273900", "title": "Plasma albumin levels predict risk for nonsurvivors in critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Biomark Med", "authors": ["Li, Juyi", "Li, Meng", "Zheng, Shasha", "Li, Menglan", "Zhang, Minghua", "Sun, Minxian", "Li, Xiang", "Deng, Aiping", "Cai, Yi", "Zhang, Hongmei"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490680", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aim: We aimed to explore the biomarkers for disease progression or the risk of nonsurvivors. Materials &\u00a0methods: This study included 134 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. The outcome\u00a0of moderate versus severe versus critically ill patients and survivors versus nonsurvivors were compared. Results: An increase in the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia was positively associated with lower levels of platelets and albumin (all p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). In the critical group, the plasma levels of albumin continued to have a significant association for the risk of nonsurvivors (p\u00a0< 0.05), even after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: Albumin levels could be used as an independent predictor of the risk of nonsurvivors in critically ill patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32352361, "title": "Facing the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) outbreak with IL-6R antagonists.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Corominas, Hector", "Castellvi, Ivan", "Domingo, Pere", "Casademont, Jordi"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352361", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349902, "pmcid": "PMC7151269", "title": "Toward a consensus view in the management of acute facial injuries during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Holmes, Simon", "Bhatti, Nabeel", "Bhandari, Rishi", "Chatzopoulou, Domniki"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349902", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In these unprecedented times, OMFS surgeons are faced with dilemmas over the priority of treatment, safety of staff, safety of patients and the most appropriate use of available resources. Efforts should be made to provide the best evidence-based care, which will mean revisiting old techniques, and risk stratifying patients on a case by case basis. Recent experience from colleagues internationally has shown that even the wealthiest health care infrastructure is at best fragile. We hope this paper will add to the debate and hopefully provide a framework for decision making in OMFS trauma care during this difficult time."}, {"pmid": 32299753, "pmcid": "PMC7195336", "title": "Guidance on Minimizing Risk of Drug-Induced Ventricular Arrhythmia During Treatment of COVID-19: A Statement from the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Sapp, John L", "Alqarawi, Wael", "MacIntyre, Ciorsti J", "Tadros, Rafik", "Steinberg, Christian", "Roberts, Jason D", "Laksman, Zachary", "Healey, Jeff S", "Krahn, Andrew D"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299753", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has led to efforts at rapid investigation and application of drugs which may improve prognosis but for which safety and efficacy are not yet established. This document attempts to provide reasonable guidance for the use of antimicrobials which have uncertain benefit but may increase risk of QT interval prolongation and ventricular proarrhythmia, notably, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and lopinavir/ritonavir. During the pandemic, efforts to reduce spread and minimize effects on health care resources mandate minimization of unnecessary medical procedures and testing. We recommend that the risk of drug proarrhythmia be minimized by 1)\u00a0discontinuing unnecessary medications that may also increase the QT interval, 2) identifying outpatients who are likely to be at low risk and do not need further testing (no history of prolonged QT interval, unexplained syncope, or family history of premature sudden cardiac death, no medications that may prolong the QT interval, and/or a previous known normal corrected QT interval [QTc]), and 3) performing baseline testing in hospitalized patients or those who may be at higher risk. If baseline electrocardiographic testing reveals a moderately prolonged QTc, optimization of medications and electrolytes may permit therapy. If the QTc is markedly prolonged, drugs that further prolong it should be avoided, or expert consultation may permit administration with mitigating precautions. These recommendations are made while there are no known effective treatments for COVID-19 and should be revisited when further data on efficacy and safety become available."}, {"pmid": 32503708, "pmcid": "PMC7146676", "title": "Utilization and Appropriateness of Transthoracic Echocardiography in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Ward, R Parker", "Lee, Linda", "Ward, Timothy J", "Lang, Roberto M"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395151, "pmcid": "PMC7210469", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (the cause of COVID 19) in different types of clinical specimens and implications for cytopathology specimen: An editorial review with recommendations.", "journal": "Cytojournal", "authors": ["Shidham, Vinod B", "Frisch, Nora K", "Layfield, Lester J"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395151", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386671, "pmcid": "PMC7183988", "title": "Management in oral and maxillofacial surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: Our experience.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Barca, Ida", "Cordaro, Raffaella", "Kallaverja, Elvis", "Ferragina, Francesco", "Cristofaro, Maria Giulia"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386671", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel \u03b2-coronavirus (2019-nCOV), identified in Wuhan City in late December 2019, is generating a rapid and tragic health emergency in Italy due to the need to provide assistance to an uncontrollable number of infected patients and, at the same time, treat all the non-deferrable oncological and traumatic maxillofacial conditions. This article summarises the clinical and surgical experience of Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of \"Magna Graecia\" University (Catanzaro -Italy) during the COVID-19 pandemic and would like to provide a number of recommendations that should facilitate the scheduling process of surgical activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and reduce the risk of infection among healthcare professionals."}, {"pmid": 32515260, "title": "COVID-19 and US Health Financing: Perils and Possibilities.", "journal": "Int J Health Serv", "authors": ["Gaffney, Adam", "Himmelstein, David U", "Woolhandler, Steffie"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515260", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the COVID-19 pandemic presents every nation with challenges, the United States' underfunded public health infrastructure, fragmented medical care system, and inadequate social protections impose particular impediments to mitigating and managing the outbreak. Years of inadequate funding of the nation's federal, state, and local public health agencies, together with mismanagement by the Trump administration, hampered the early response to the epidemic. Meanwhile, barriers to care faced by uninsured and underinsured individuals in the United States could deter COVID-19 care and hamper containment efforts, and lead to adverse medical and financial outcomes for infected individuals and their families, particularly those from disadvantaged groups. While the United States has a relatively generous supply of Intensive Care Unit beds and most other health care infrastructure, such medical resources are often unevenly distributed or deployed, leaving some areas ill-prepared for a severe respiratory epidemic. These deficiencies and shortfalls have stimulated a debate about policy solutions. Recent legislation, for instance, expanded coverage for testing for COVID-19 for the uninsured and underinsured, and additional reforms have been proposed. However comprehensive health care reform - for example, via national health insurance - is needed to provide full protection to American families during the COVID-19 outbreak and in its aftermath."}, {"pmid": 32501477, "title": "Antihypertensive drugs in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Pinto-Sietsma, Sara-Joan", "Flossdorf, Michael", "Buchholz, Veit R", "Offerhaus, Joost", "Bleijendaal, Hidde", "Beudel, Martijn", "Volders, Paul G A", "Ter Bekke, Rachel M A", "Dormans, Tom", "Zwetsloot, Peter-Paul", "de Jager, Peter", "Massberg, Steffen", "Ramer, Patrick", "Wendtner, Clemens", "Hoffmann, Ellen", "Rothe, Kathrin", "Feihl, Susanne", "Kessler, Thorsten", "Pinto, Yigal M", "Schunkert, Heribert"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501477", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246450, "title": "D-dimer is Associated with Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Pooled Analysis.", "journal": "Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Favaloro, Emmanuel J"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246450", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426026, "pmcid": "PMC7227494", "title": "What can plastic and reconstructive medical staffs do during the COVID-19 outbreak?", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Huang, Minlu", "Qi, Zuoliang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426026", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404631, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic should not take us back to the pre-laparoscopic era.", "journal": "J Trauma Acute Care Surg", "authors": ["Botteri, Emanuele", "Podda, Mauro", "Sartori, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404631", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484232, "title": "[Covid-19 - radiologic and histologic features].", "journal": "Lakartidningen", "authors": ["Mari Svensson, Ann", "Hansen, Tomas", "Nyren, Sven", "Csatlos, Martin", "Brunnstrom, Hans"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484232", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We here describe the current knowledge about the radiologic and histologic pulmonary features of covid-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, and present lung histology from a case with fatal disease. Initial findings on computed tomography (CT) typically include peripheral multifocal bilateral ground-glass opacities, and correspondingly microscopic alveolar edema. This is followed by peripheral consolidations with air bronchogram and perilobular pattern on CT, signs of organizing pneumonia, corresponding to loose (potentially reversible) fibrosis. The posterior parts of the lungs and the lower lobes are typically more markedly affected. In severe disease with acute respiratory distress syndrome, thickened interlobular septa and crazy paving pattern appear on CT, which corresponds to histologic diffuse alveolar damage with, depending on the stage of the disease, features such as edema, hyaline membranes, reactive epithelium, inflammation, and fibrosis."}, {"pmid": 32417309, "pmcid": "PMC7228685", "title": "Impacts of immunosuppression and immunodeficiency on COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Gao, Ya", "Chen, Yamin", "Liu, Ming", "Shi, Shuzhen", "Tian, Jinhui"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417309", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509338, "pmcid": "PMC7248068", "title": "Certainty of success: three critical parameters in coronavirus vaccine development.", "journal": "NPJ Vaccines", "authors": ["Kaslow, David C"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509338", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vaccines for 17 viral pathogens have been licensed for use in humans. Previously, two critical biological parameters of the pathogen and the host-pathogen interaction-incubation period and broadly protective, relative immunogenicity-were proposed to account for much of the past successes in vaccine development, and to be useful in estimating the \"certainty of success\" of developing an effective vaccine for viral pathogens for which a vaccine currently does not exist. In considering the \"certainty of success\" in development of human coronavirus vaccines, particularly SARS-CoV-2, a third, related critical parameter is proposed-infectious inoculum intensity, at an individual-level, and force of infection, at a population-level. Reducing the infectious inoculum intensity (and force of infection, at a population-level) is predicted to lengthen the incubation period, which in turn is predicted to reduce the severity of illness, and increase the opportunity for an anamnestic response upon exposure to the circulating virus. Similarly, successfully implementing individual- and population-based behaviors that reduce the infectious inoculum intensity and force of infection, respectively, while testing and deploying COVID-19 vaccines is predicted to increase the \"certainty of success\" of demonstrating vaccine efficacy and controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, disease, death, and the pandemic itself."}, {"pmid": 32423627, "pmcid": "PMC7177106", "title": "Caring for cardiac patients amidst the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: The scrambled pieces of the puzzle.", "journal": "Rev Port Cardiol", "authors": ["Felix-Oliveira, Afonso", "de Sousa Almeida, Manuel", "Ferreira, Jorge", "Campante Teles, Rui", "Mesquita Gabriel, Henrique", "Cavaco, Diogo", "Mendes, Miguel"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423627", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291633, "pmcid": "PMC7155948", "title": "Locating and repurposing anesthetic machines as intensive care unit ventilators during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Orser, Beverley A", "Byrick, Robert", "Cooper, Richard", "Henry, Elihu", "Lau, Philip", "Rittenberg, Brian", "Wiegelmann, Julian"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291633", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437541, "title": "Combat COVID-19 with artificial intelligence and big data.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Lin, Leesa", "Hou, Zhiyuan"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437541", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32204757, "title": "[Twin girls infected with SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Guo-Xun", "Zhang, Ai-Min", "Huang, Li", "Cheng, Lian-Ying", "Liu, Zhi-Xian", "Peng, Xiu-Lan", "Wang, Hui-Wu"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204757", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article reports the diagnosis and treatment of twin girls who were diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Hunan Province, China. The twin girls, aged 1 year and 2 months, were admitted on January 29, 2020 due to fever for one day and cough and sneezing for two days respectively. Both recovered after symptomatic treatment. The two girls had mild symptoms and rapid recovery, suggesting that children with SARS-CoV-2 infection may be mild and have a good prognosis. There were differences in the clinical symptoms and imaging findings between the twin girls, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection has diverse clinical features in children."}, {"pmid": 32303807, "pmcid": "PMC7165073", "title": "Electronic cigarette and vaping should be discouraged during the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Toxicol", "authors": ["Javelle, Emilie"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303807", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32048160, "pmcid": "PMC7088771", "title": "Bat origin of a new human coronavirus: there and back again.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Li, Xiang", "Song, Yuhe", "Wong, Gary", "Cui, Jie"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32048160", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473668, "pmcid": "PMC7255709", "title": "Fears of \"highly catastrophic\" COVID-19 spread in Yemen.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Devi, Sharmila"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473668", "countries": ["Yemen"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344311, "pmcid": "PMC7195133", "title": "2019-nCoV-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: Cruciality of Furin and relevance with cancer.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Usul Afsar, Cigdem"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344311", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446287, "title": "Remdesivir: Review of pharmacology, pre-clinical data and emerging clinical experience for COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharmacotherapy", "authors": ["Jorgensen, Sarah Cj", "Kebriaei, Razieh", "Dresser, Linda D"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446287", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created an urgent need for effective antivirals. Remdesivir (formerly GS-5734) is a nucleoside analogue pro-drug currently being evaluated in COVID-19 clinical trials. Its unique structural features allow high concentrations of the active triphosphate metabolite to be delivered intracellularly and it evades proofreading to successfully inhibit viral RNA synthesis. In pre-clinical models, remdesivir has demonstrated potent antiviral activity against diverse human and zoonotic \u03b2-coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. In this article we critically review available data on remdesivir with an emphasis on biochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and in vitro activity against coronaviruses as well as clinical experience and current progress in COVID-19 clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32217607, "title": "Covid-19: what treatments are being investigated?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217607", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277874, "pmcid": "PMC7195126", "title": "Alcohol use and misuse during the COVID-19 pandemic: a potential public health crisis?", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Clay, James M", "Parker, Matthew O"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277874", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273285, "title": "Covid-19: Quarantine works when introduced early alongside other measures, finds review.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294864, "title": "[Thinking on clinical rational use of TCM injection in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Z F", "Wang, Y P", "Zhang, H M", "Fan, Y P", "Lu, C", "Wang, Y Y"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294864", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359457, "pmcid": "PMC7252088", "title": "Prisons are \"in no way equipped\" to deal with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Burki, Talha"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359457", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479920, "pmcid": "PMC7256552", "title": "Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent Treatment in Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Fishbane, Steven", "Hirsch, Jamie S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479920", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392337, "pmcid": "PMC7239259", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): What do we know about children? A systematic review.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mehta, Nisha S", "Mytton, Oliver T", "Mullins, Edward W S", "Fowler, Tom A", "Falconer, Catherine L", "Murphy, Orla B", "Langenberg, Claudia", "Jayatunga, Wikum J P", "Eddy, Danielle H", "Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392337", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few paediatric cases of COVID-19 have been reported and we know little about the epidemiology in children, though more is known about other coronaviruses. We aimed to understand the infection rate, clinical presentation, clinical outcomes and transmission dynamics for SARS-CoV-2, in order to inform clinical and public health measures. We undertook a rapid systematic review and narrative synthesis of all literature relating to SARS-CoV-2 in paediatric populations. The search terms also included SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. We searched three databases and the COVID-19 resource centres of eleven major journals and publishers. English abstracts of Chinese language papers were included. Data were extracted and narrative syntheses conducted. 24 studies relating to COVID-19 were included in the review. Children appear to be less affected by COVID-19 than adults by observed rate of cases in large epidemiological studies. Limited data on attack rate indicate that children are just as susceptible to infection. Data on clinical outcomes are scarce but include several reports of asymptomatic infection and a milder course of disease in young children, though radiological abnormalities are noted. Severe cases are not reported in detail and there are little data relating to transmission. Children appear to have a low observed case rate of COVID-19 but may have similar rates to adults of infection with SARS-CoV-2. This discrepancy may be because children are asymptomatic or too mildly infected to draw medical attention, be tested and counted in observed cases of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32488189, "title": "Junior researchers hit by coronavirus-triggered hiring freezes.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Woolston, Chris"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488189", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32157230, "title": "Why does the coronavirus spread so easily between people?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157230", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32162896, "title": "Possible therapeutic role of a highly standardized mixture of active compounds derived from cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia (AHCC) in patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol", "authors": ["Di Pierro, Francesco", "Bertuccioli, Alexander", "Cavecchia, Ilaria"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162896", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) is currently, March 2020, affecting more than 100,000 people worldwide and, according to the WHO (World Health Organization), a pandemic is shortly expected. The virus infects the lower respiratory tract and causes severe pneumonia and mortality in approximately 10% and 3-5%, respectively, of cases, mainly among the elderly and/or people affected by other diseases. AHCC is an \u03b1-glucan-based standardized mushroom extract that has been extensively investigated as an immunostimulant both in animals and/or in humans affected by West Nile virus, influenza virus, avian influenza virus, hepatitis C virus, papillomavirus, herpes virus, hepatitis B virus and HIV by promoting a regulated and protective immune response. Although the efficacy of AHCC has not yet been specifically evaluated with respect to SARS-CoV-2 disease, its action in promoting a protective response to a wide range of viral infections, and the current absence of effective vaccines, could support its use in the prevention of diseases provoked by human pathogenic coronavirus, including COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32389526, "pmcid": "PMC7190518", "title": "[Management of ocular cancer during COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Cassoux, N"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389526", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425313, "pmcid": "PMC7227509", "title": "ECONOMIC RECESSION FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC SIGNALS RECRUITING DIFFICULTY AHEAD FOR RADIOLOGY RESIDENCY PROGRAMS.", "journal": "Curr Probl Diagn Radiol", "authors": ["Heitkamp, Darel E", "Gupta, Yasha", "Patel, Tirath Y"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425313", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398962, "pmcid": "PMC7211163", "title": "A potential treatment of COVID-19 with TGF-beta blockade.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Chen, WanJun"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398962", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423431, "pmcid": "PMC7233673", "title": "Unconventional approaches to mechanical ventilation-step-by-step through the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Lotz, Christopher", "Notz, Quirin", "Kranke, Peter", "Kredel, Markus", "Meybohm, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423431", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335089, "pmcid": "PMC7179514", "title": "Highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by multiplex rRT-PCR for molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 by clinical laboratories.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Ishige, Takayuki", "Murata, Shota", "Taniguchi, Toshibumi", "Miyabe, Akiko", "Kitamura, Kouichi", "Kawasaki, Kenji", "Nishimura, Motoi", "Igari, Hidetoshi", "Matsushita, Kazuyuki"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335089", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is used to confirm the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 by molecular diagnostic laboratories. We developed a multiplex rRT-PCR methodology for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Three genes were used for multiplex rRT-PCR: the Sarbecovirus specific E gene, the SARS-CoV-2 specific N gene, and the human ABL1 gene as an internal control. Good correlation of Cq values was observed between the simplex and multiplex rRT-PCR methodologies. Low copies (<25 copies/reaction) of SARS-CoV-2 RNA were detected by the novel multiplex rRT-PCR method. The proposed multiplex rRT-PCR methodology will enable highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, reducing reagent use and cost, and time required by clinical laboratory technicians."}, {"pmid": 32526759, "title": "Predictive Value of Sudden Olfactory Loss in the Diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec", "authors": ["Haehner, Antje", "Draf, Julia", "Drager, Sarah", "de With, Katja", "Hummel, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526759", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent reports suggest that sudden smell loss might be a symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of olfactory loss in an outpatient population who presented to a coronavirus testing center during a 2-week period and to evaluate the diagnostic value of the symptom \"sudden smell loss\" for screening procedures. In this cross-sectional controlled cohort study, 500 patients who presented with symptoms of a common cold to a corona testing center and fulfilled corona testing criteria completed a standardized diagnostic questionnaire which included the patients' main symptoms, time course, and an additional self-assessment of the patients' current smell, taste function, and nasal breathing compared to the level before the onset of symptoms. Out of the 500 patients, 69 presented with olfactory loss. Twenty-two of them subsequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Only 12 out of the patients without olfactory loss tested positive, resulting in a frequency of 64.7% for the symptom \"sudden smell loss\" in COVID-19 patients. Compared to COVID-19 patients without smell loss, they were significantly younger and less severely affected. Changes in nasal airflow were significantly more pronounced in SARS-CoV-2 negative patients with olfactory complaints compared to the patients with smell loss who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. By excluding patients with a blocked nose, the symptom \"sudden smell loss\" can be attested a high specificity (97%) and a sensitivity of 65% with a positive predictive value of 63% and negative predictive value of 97% for COVID-19. Considering the high frequency of smell loss in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients, acute olfactory impairment should be recognized as an early symptom of the disease and should be tested for on a regular basis. In contrast to other acute viral smell impairment, COVID-19-associated smell loss seems to be only rarely accompanied by a severely blocked nose."}, {"pmid": 32292053, "title": "Severe Pneumonia Due to SARS-CoV-2 and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Case Report.", "journal": "Clin Pediatr (Phila)", "authors": ["Shi, Buyun", "Xia, Zhi", "Xiao, Shuna", "Huang, Chengjiao", "Zhou, Xiaoqin", "Xu, Hui"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292053", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502233, "title": "Tuberculosis Healthcare Workers: There Goes My Hero.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Griffith, David E", "Cegielski, J Peter"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502233", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209542, "title": "Don't forget chronic lung and immune conditions during covid-19, says WHO.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Thornton, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209542", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413701, "pmcid": "PMC7199691", "title": "The role of ACEIs/ARBs in COVID-19: Friend or foe?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Zhou, Zhe", "Qiu, Yumin", "Tao, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413701", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495578, "title": "[TCMATCOV--a bioinformatics platform to predict efficacy of TCM against COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Guo, Fei-Fei", "Zhang, Yu-Qi", "Tang, Shi-Huan", "Tang, Xuan", "Xu, He", "Liu, Zhong-Yang", "Huo, Rui-Li", "Li, Dong", "Yang, Hong-Jun"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495578", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is urgent need to discover effective traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for treating coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). The development of a bioinformatic tool is beneficial to predict the efficacy of TCM against COVID-19. Here we deve-loped a prediction platform TCMATCOV to predict the efficacy of the anti-coronavirus pneumonia effect of TCM, based on the interaction network imitating the disease network of COVID-19. This COVID-19 network model was constructed by protein-protein interactions of differentially expressed genes in mouse pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV and cytokines specifically up-regulated by COVID-19. TCMATCOV adopted quantitative evaluation algorithm of disease network disturbance after multi-target drug attack to predict potential drug effects. Based on the TCMATCOV platform, 106 TCM were calculated and predicted. Among them, the TCM with a high disturbance score account for a high proportion of the classic anti-COVID-19 prescriptions used by clinicians, suggesting that TCMATCOV has a good prediction ability to discover the effective TCM. The five flavors of Chinese medicine with a disturbance score greater than 1 are mainly spicy and bitter. The main meridian of these TCM is lung, heart, spleen, liver, and stomach meridian. The TCM related with QI and warm TCM have higher disturbance score. As a prediction tool for anti-COVID-19 TCM prescription, TCMATCOV platform possesses the potential to discovery possible effective TCM against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32329221, "title": "Type and dose of heparin in Covid-19: Reply.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko", "Tang, Ning", "Gando, Satoshi", "Falanga, Anna", "Levi, Marcel", "Clark, Cary", "Iba, Toshiaki", "Cattaneo, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329221", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427641, "pmcid": "PMC7255395", "title": "Videolaryngoscopy Intubation in Patients with COVID-19: How to Minimize Risk of Aerosolization?", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Zeidan, Ahed", "Bamadhaj, Munir", "Al-Faraidy, Mona", "Ali, Mohiidin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427641", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374856, "pmcid": "PMC7239123", "title": "Characteristics of Doctors' Fatality due to COVID-19 in Western Europe and Asia-Pacific countries.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Yoshida, Izumi", "Tanimoto, Tetsuya", "Schiever, Noemie", "Patelli, Federica", "Kami, Masahiro"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374856", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Korea, Republic of", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Under the COVID-19 pandemic, the deaths of healthcare professionals have been increasingly reported worldwide. We performed a cross-sectional, observational study using news reports on the websites among selected countries as of April, 2020. We found 120 dead medical doctors due to COVID-19 in Western Europe and Asia-Pacific countries; 67 in Italy (47 in the Northern part), 34 in China (22 in Hubei), 6 in France, 4 in the UK, the US, and Spain, and 1 in South Korea, respectively. Among them, 90% were men, and specialties were reported as general practitioners for 30% and as physicians for 11.6%. The overall proportions of dead medical doctors amounted to 1.9 per 10,000 confirmed cases and 30.2 per 10,000 dead cases, respectively. Proactive measures are warranted to protect doctors especially who often encounters with COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32283164, "pmcid": "PMC7151389", "title": "Clinical and laboratory-derived parameters of 119 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Shen, Liang", "Li, Shichao", "Zhu, Yufang", "Zhao, Jianzhong", "Tang, Xiaoyong", "Li, Huiqin", "Xing, Hui", "Lu, Mingqing", "Frederick, Christina", "Huang, Canping", "Wong, Gary", "Wang, Chunhua", "Lan, Jiaming"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283164", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490713, "title": "Psychological support and psychotherapy via digital devices in Covid-19 emergency time: Some critical issues.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Tullio, Valeria", "Perrone, Giulio", "Bilotta, Clio", "Lanzarone, Antonietta", "Argo, Antonina"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490713", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting fear, quarantine and lockdown measures implemented in Italy and other countries to contain the risk of contagion have seriously impacted the mental health of a large number of people. The need to offer psychological and psychotherapeutic support to these people, while respecting the government's pressing calls to \"stay home\", have led many psychologists and psychotherapists, both in the public and private sectors, to provide their professional services via teleconference, telephone, smartphone, etc. The aim of this work is to highlight some critical issues related to the sudden switch from the traditional method of providing psychological services to the digital one in Italy."}, {"pmid": 32203366, "title": "The coronavirus pandemic in five powerful charts.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen", "Cyranoski, David", "Mallapaty, Smriti", "Stoye, Emma", "Tollefson, Jeff"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203366", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341080, "title": "Covid-19: Leading statistician slams UK's reporting of swab tests as \"travesty of science\".", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341080", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270521, "pmcid": "PMC7262105", "title": "Data Analysis of Coronavirus CoVID-19 Epidemic in South Korea Based on Recovered and Death Cases.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Al-Rousan, Nadia", "Al-Najjar, Hazem"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270521", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus epidemic caused announcing emergency case in South Korea. The virus started with one infected case by January 20, 2020, where 9583 announced cases were reported by March 29, 2020. This indicates that the number of confirmed cases is increasing rapidly, which can cause national crises for South Korea. The aim of this study is to fill a gap between previous studies and the current development of CoVID-19 spreading, by extracting a relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. This research statistically analyzed the effect of sex, region, infection reasons, birth year, and released or diseased date on the reported numbers of recovered and deceased cases. The results found that sex, region, and infection reasons affected on both recovered and deceased cases, while birth year only affected on deceased cases. Besides, no deceased cases are reported for released cases, while 11.3% of deceased cases positive confirmed after their deceased. Unknown reason of infection is the main variable that detected in South Korea with more than 33% of total infected cases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32442454, "pmcid": "PMC7235576", "title": "Which cancer type has the highest risk of COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Cai, Changjing", "Ahmed, Omar Abdihamid", "Shen, Hong", "Zeng, Shan"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442454", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345591, "title": "RECOVERY trial: the UK covid-19 study resetting expectations for clinical trials.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wilkinson, Emma"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345591", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510716, "title": "Changing paradigms in sinus and skull base surgery as the COVID-19 pandemic evolves: Preliminary experience from a single Italian tertiary care center.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Karligkiotis, Apostolos", "Arosio, Alberto D", "Battaglia, Paolo", "Sileo, Giorgio", "Czaczkes, Camilla", "Volpi, Luca", "Turri-Zanoni, Mario", "Castelnuovo, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510716", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy was the first European country suffering from COVID-19. Health care resources were redirected to manage the pandemic. We present our initial experience with the management of urgent and nondeferrable surgeries for sinus and skull base diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective review of patients treated in a single referral center during the first 2\u2009months of the pandemic was performed. A comparison between the last 2-month period and the same period of the previous year was carried out. Twenty-four patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A reduction of surgical activity was observed (-60.7%). A statistically significant difference in pathologies treated was found (P\u2009=\u2009.016), with malignancies being the most frequent indication for surgery (45.8%). Although we feel optimistic for the future, we do not feel it is already time to restart elective surgeries. Our experience may serve for other centers who are facing the same challenges."}, {"pmid": 32506549, "title": "COVID-19: a global threat to the nervous system.", "journal": "Ann Neurol", "authors": ["Koralnik, Igor J", "Tyler, Kenneth L"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506549", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In less than 6\u2009months, the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide infecting nearly 6 million people and killing over 350,000. Initially thought to be restricted to the respiratory system, we now understand that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also involves multiple other organs including the central and peripheral nervous system. The number of recognized neurologic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly accumulating. These may result from a variety of mechanisms including virus-induced hyper-inflammatory and hypercoagulable states, direct virus infection of the CNS, and post-infectious immune mediated processes. Example of COVID-19 CNS disease include encephalopathy, encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, meningitis, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, venous sinus thrombosis and endothelialitis. In the peripheral nervous system COVID-19 is associated with dysfunction of smell and taste, muscle injury, the Guillain-Barre syndrome and its variants. Due to its worldwide distribution and multifactorial pathogenic mechanisms, COVID-19 poses a global threat to the entire nervous system. While our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 neuropathogenesis is still incomplete and our knowledge is evolving rapidly, we hope that this review will provide a useful framework and help neurologists in understanding the many neurologic facets of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32311109, "pmcid": "PMC7264799", "title": "Positive result of Sars-Cov-2 in faeces and sputum from discharged patient with COVID-19 in Yiwu, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Youjiang", "Hu, Yingying", "Yu, Yuanyuan", "Zhang, Xiaodong", "Li, Bin", "Wu, Jianguo", "Li, Junyu", "Wu, Yingping", "Xia, Xiaoping", "Tang, Huina", "Xu, Jian"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311109", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the effective prevention and control of COVID - 19 in China, the number of cured cases increased significantly. Further monitoring of the disease prognosis and effective control of the \"relapse\" of the epidemic become the next focus of work. To analyse the clinical prognosis of discharged COVID-19 patients by monitoring their SAR-CoV-2 nucleic acid status, which may provide evidence to establish discharge standards and follow-up management for COVID-19 patients. We included 13 discharged COVID-19 patients who were quarantined for 4-week at home. The patient's daily clinical signs were recorded and sputum and faecal specimens were regularly sent for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. The time between initial symptoms and meeting discharge criteria was 18 - 44 days with an average of 25 \u00b1 6 days. The faecal samples of two patients still tested positive after meeting discharge criteria and the sputum samples of four patients returned positive 5 - 14 days after discharge. The rate of a recurring positive test result in samples from the respiratory system was 31%(4/13). Under the present discharge criteria, the high presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in faecal and respiratory samples of discharged COVID-19 patients indicate potential infectivity. Therefore, we suggest that faecal virus nucleic acid should be tested as a routine monitoring index for COVID-19 and a negative result be added to the criteria. Simultaneously, we should strengthen the regular follow-up of discharged patients with continuous monitoring of the recurrence of viral nucleic acid. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32485214, "pmcid": "PMC7261104", "title": "American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Guidance for trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Bowman, Deborah"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485214", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253226, "pmcid": "PMC7164393", "title": "An orally bioavailable broad-spectrum antiviral inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human airway epithelial cell cultures and multiple coronaviruses in mice.", "journal": "Sci Transl Med", "authors": ["Sheahan, Timothy P", "Sims, Amy C", "Zhou, Shuntai", "Graham, Rachel L", "Pruijssers, Andrea J", "Agostini, Maria L", "Leist, Sarah R", "Schafer, Alexandra", "Dinnon, Kenneth H 3rd", "Stevens, Laura J", "Chappell, James D", "Lu, Xiaotao", "Hughes, Tia M", "George, Amelia S", "Hill, Collin S", "Montgomery, Stephanie A", "Brown, Ariane J", "Bluemling, Gregory R", "Natchus, Michael G", "Saindane, Manohar", "Kolykhalov, Alexander A", "Painter, George", "Harcourt, Jennifer", "Tamin, Azaibi", "Thornburg, Natalie J", "Swanstrom, Ronald", "Denison, Mark R", "Baric, Ralph S"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253226", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) traffic frequently between species resulting in novel disease outbreaks, most recently exemplified by the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Here, we show that the ribonucleoside analog \u03b2-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC; EIDD-1931) has broad-spectrum antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and related zoonotic group 2b or 2c bat-CoVs, as well as increased potency against a CoV bearing resistance mutations to the nucleoside analog inhibitor remdesivir. In mice infected with SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV, both prophylactic and therapeutic administration of EIDD-2801, an orally bioavailable NHC prodrug (\u03b2-d-N4-hydroxycytidine-5'-isopropyl ester), improved pulmonary function and reduced virus titer and body weight loss. Decreased MERS-CoV yields in vitro and in vivo were associated with increased transition mutation frequency in viral, but not host cell RNA, supporting a mechanism of lethal mutagenesis in CoV. The potency of NHC/EIDD-2801 against multiple CoVs and oral bioavailability highlights its potential utility as an effective antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 and other future zoonotic CoVs."}, {"pmid": 32517166, "title": "Azole-Resistant COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in an Immunocompetent Host: A Case Report.", "journal": "J Fungi (Basel)", "authors": ["Meijer, Eelco F J", "Dofferhoff, Anton S M", "Hoiting, Oscar", "Buil, Jochem B", "Meis, Jacques F"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517166", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a recently described disease entity affecting patients with severe pulmonary abnormalities treated in intensive care units. Delays in diagnosis contribute to a delayed start of antifungal therapy. In addition, the emergence of resistance to triazole antifungal agents puts emphasis on early surveillance for azole-resistant Aspergillus species. We present a patient with putative CAPA due to Aspergillus fumigatus with identification of a triazole-resistant isolate during therapy. We underline the challenges faced in the management of these cases, the importance of early diagnosis and need for surveillance given the emergence of triazole resistance."}, {"pmid": 32533989, "title": "Assessment of risk, severity, mortality, glycemic control and antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Kumar Singh, Awadhesh", "Khunti, Kamlesh"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533989", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases world-wide has made diabetes an important comorbidity in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). We sought to review the risk, severity and mortality in COVID-19 and its relation to glycemic control and role of anti-diabetic agents in patients with diabetes. A Boolean search was made in PubMed, MedRxiv and Google Scholar database until May 10, 2020 and full articles with supplementary appendix were retrieved using the specific key words related to the topic. There is a high prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19. Patients with diabetes had a significantly more severe variety of COVID-19 and increased mortality, compared to the groups without diabetes. Moreover, poor glycemic control is associated with a significantly higher severe variety of COVID-19 and increased mortality, compared to the well-controlled glycemic groups. No data currently available for or against any anti-diabetic agents in COVID-19. Diabetes, in particular poorly-controlled group is associated with a significantly higher risk of severe COVID-19 and mortality. This calls for an optimal glycemic control and an increased emphasis on future preventative therapies including the vaccination programs for these groups in addition to the traditional risk prevention such as social distancing and self-isolation."}, {"pmid": 32507536, "title": "Covid-19 mortality in cancer patients in a Madrid hospital during the first 3 weeks of the epidemic.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Lara Alvarez, Miguel Angel", "Rogado Revuelta, Jacobo", "Obispo Portero, Berta", "Pangua Mendez, Cristina", "Serrano Montero, Gloria", "Lopez Alfonso, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507536", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The covid-19 pandemic especially affects cancer patients with higher incidence and mortality according to published series of original pandemic foci. The study aims to determine the mortality in our center due to covid-19 in cancer patients during the first 3 weeks of the epidemic. The cancer patients who died of covid-19 during the analysis period have been reviewed describing the oncological and the covid-19 infection characteristics and the treatments established. Confirmed cases covid-19: 1069 with 132 deaths (12.3%). With cancer 36 patients (3.4%), 15 deceased (41.6%). Of the deceased, only 6 patients (40%) were in active treatment. The most frequent associated tumor was lung (8/15 patients, 53.3%), 11 with metastatic disease (11/15, 73.3%). No specific treatment was\u00a0established in 40% (6/15) of the patients. The\u00a0rest of them received treatments with the active protocols. Covid-19 mortality in cancer patients is almost four times higher than that of the general population. Until we have effective treatments or an effective vaccine, the only possibility to protect our patients is to prevent the infection with the appropriate measures."}, {"pmid": 32473021, "title": "Performance of SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays in different stages of the infection: Comparison of commercial ELISA and rapid tests.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Traugott, M", "Aberle, S W", "Aberle, J H", "Griebler, H", "Karolyi, M", "Pawelka, E", "Puchhammer-Stockl, E", "Zoufaly, A", "Weseslindtner, L"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473021", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We comparatively assessed sensitivities and specificities of four commercial ELISAs and two rapid tests in 77 patients with PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, grouped by intervals since symptom onset. While test sensitivities were low (<40%) within the first 5 days post disease onset, IgM-, IgA- and total antibody-ELISAs increased in sensitivity to >80% between the 6th and 10th day post symptom onset. The evaluated tests (including IgG and rapid tests) provided positive results in all patients at or after the 11th day post onset of disease. Specificities of the ELISAs were 83% (IgA), 98% (IgG) and 97% (IgM and total antibodies)."}, {"pmid": 32471639, "pmcid": "PMC7156952", "title": "Collapsing glomerulopathy in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Kissling, Sebastien", "Rotman, Samuel", "Gerber, Christel", "Halfon, Matthieu", "Lamoth, Frederic", "Comte, Denis", "Lhopitallier, Loic", "Sadallah, Salima", "Fakhouri, Fadi"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471639", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347772, "title": "National Response to COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea and Lessons Learned for Other Countries.", "journal": "Health Syst Reform", "authors": ["Oh, Juhwan", "Lee, Jong-Koo", "Schwarz, Dan", "Ratcliffe, Hannah L", "Markuns, Jeffrey F", "Hirschhorn, Lisa R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347772", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) had the second highest number of cases globally yet was able to dramatically lower the incidence of new cases and sustain a low mortality rate, making it a promising example of strong national response. We describe the main strategies undertaken and selected facilitators and challenges in order to identify transferable lessons for other countries working to control the spread and impact of COVID-19. Identified strategies included early recognition of the threat and rapid activation of national response protocols led by national leadership; rapid establishment of diagnostic capacity; scale-up of measures for preventing community transmission; and redesigning the triage and treatment systems, mobilizing the necessary resources for clinical care. Facilitators included existing hospital capacity, the epidemiology of the COVID-19 outbreak, and strong national leadership despite political changes and population sensitization due to the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic. Challenges included sustaining adequate human resources and supplies in high-caseload areas. Key recommendations include (1) recognize the problem, (2) establish diagnostic capacity, (3) implement aggressive measures to prevent community transmission, (4) redesign and reallocate clinical resources for the new environment, and (5) work to limit economic impact through and while prioritizing controlling the spread and impact of COVID-19. South Korea's strategies to prevent, detect, and respond to the pandemic represent applicable knowledge that can be adopted by other countries and the global community facing the enormous COVID-19 challenges ahead."}, {"pmid": 32456559, "title": "Is the COVID-19 Pandemic an Opportunity to Enlarge the Telemedicine Boundaries? (Re: Telemed J E Health 2020;26:571-573).", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Giansanti, Daniele", "Aprile, Irene"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456559", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420940, "title": "The role of the radiologist in diagnosing the COVID-19 infection. Parma experiences.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Balbi, Maurizio", "Ristani, Adela", "Milanese, Gianluca", "Silva, Mario", "Ledda, Roberta Eufrasia", "Milone, Francesca", "Sartorio, Carlotta", "Tringali, Giulia", "Sverzellati, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420940", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease that ranges from an asymptomatic or mild flu-like illness to severe pneumonia, multiorgan failure, and death. Imaging might play an important role in clinical decision making by supporting rapid triage of patients with suspected COVID-19 and assessing supervening complications, such as super-added bacterial infection and thrombosis. Further studies will clarify the real impact of imaging on COVID-19 patients' management and the potential role of radiology in future outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32120458, "title": "[Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 112 cardiovascular disease patients infected by 2019-nCoV].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Peng, Y D", "Meng, K", "Guan, H Q", "Leng, L", "Zhu, R R", "Wang, B Y", "He, M A", "Cheng, L X", "Huang, K", "Zeng, Q T"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32120458", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV patients combined with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 112 COVID-19 patients with CVD admitted to the western district of Union Hospital in Wuhan, from January 20, 2020 to February 15, 2020. They were divided into critical group (ICU, n=16) and general group (n=96) according to the severity of the disease and patients were followed up to the clinical endpoint. The observation indicators included total blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), arterial blood gas analysis, myocardial injury markers, coagulation function, liver and kidney function, electrolyte, procalcitonin (PCT), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), blood lipid, pulmonary CT and pathogen detection. Results: Compared with the general group, the lymphocyte count (0.74\u00d710(9) (0.34\u00d710(9), 0.94\u00d710(9))/L vs. 0.99\u00d710(9) (0.71\u00d710(9), 1.29\u00d710(9))/L, P=0.03) was extremely lower in the critical group, CRP (106.98 (81.57, 135.76) mg/L vs. 34.34 (9.55,76.54) mg/L, P<0.001) and PCT (0.20 (0.15,0.48) \u03bcg/L vs. 0.11 (0.06,0.20)\u03bcg/L, P<0.001) were significantly higher in the critical group. The BMI of the critical group was significantly higher than that of the general group (25.5 (23.0, 27.5) kg/m(2) vs. 22.0 (20.0, 24.0) kg/m(2), P=0.003). Patients were further divided into non-survivor group (17, 15.18%) group and survivor group (95, 84.82%). Among the non-survivors, there were 88.24% (15/17) patients with BMI> 25 kg/m(2), which was significantly higher than that of survivors (18.95% (18/95), P<0.001). Compared with the survived patients, oxygenation index (130 (102, 415) vs. 434 (410, 444), P<0.001) was significantly lower and lactic acid (1.70 (1.30, 3.00) mmol/L vs. 1.20 (1.10, 1.60) mmol/L, P<0.001) was significantly higher in the non-survivors. There was no significant difference in the proportion of ACEI/ARB medication between the critical group and the general group or between non-survivors and survivors (all P>0.05). Conclusion: COVID-19 patients combined with CVD are associated with a higher risk of mortality. Critical patients are characterized with lower lymphocyte counts. Higher BMI are more often seen in critical patients and non-survivor. ACEI/ARB use does not affect the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 combined with CVD. Aggravating causes of death include fulminant inflammation, lactic acid accumulation and thrombotic events."}, {"pmid": 32516478, "title": "Severe bleeding in a patient with Factor XIII deficiency and COVID-19.", "journal": "Haemophilia", "authors": ["Quintavalle, Gabriele", "Coppola, Antonio", "Ruggieri, Alessandro", "Franca Rivolta, Gianna", "Fronti, Elisa", "Giangregorio, Francesco", "Michieletti, Emanuele", "Tagliaferri, Annarita"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516478", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak in last December of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Wuhan, China, scientific literature is providing essential contributions to elucidate the pathophysiological and clinical features of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).1 Consistent evidence shows that COVID-19 is associated with significant changes in coagulation laboratory testing, mainly prolonged prothrombin time and elevated D-dimer.2."}, {"pmid": 32292689, "pmcid": "PMC7102550", "title": "Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods.", "journal": "Acta Pharm Sin B", "authors": ["Wu, Canrong", "Liu, Yang", "Yang, Yueying", "Zhang, Peng", "Zhong, Wu", "Wang, Yali", "Wang, Qiqi", "Xu, Yang", "Li, Mingxue", "Li, Xingzhou", "Zheng, Mengzhu", "Chen, Lixia", "Li, Hua"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292689", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 has caused tens of thousands of infections and more than one thousand deaths. There are currently no registered therapies for treating coronavirus infections. Because of time consuming process of new drug development, drug repositioning may be the only solution to the epidemic of sudden infectious diseases. We systematically analyzed all the proteins encoded by SARS-CoV-2 genes, compared them with proteins from other coronaviruses, predicted their structures, and built 19 structures that could be done by homology modeling. By performing target-based virtual ligand screening, a total of 21 targets (including two human targets) were screened against compound libraries including ZINC drug database and our own database of natural products. Structure and screening results of important targets such as 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), Spike, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and papain like protease (PLpro) were discussed in detail. In addition, a database of 78 commonly used anti-viral drugs including those currently on the market and undergoing clinical trials for SARS-CoV-2 was constructed. Possible targets of these compounds and potential drugs acting on a certain target were predicted. This study will provide new lead compounds and targets for further in vitro and in vivo studies of SARS-CoV-2, new insights for those drugs currently ongoing clinical studies, and also possible new strategies for drug repositioning to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32365278, "pmcid": "PMC7267634", "title": "Management of COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients: The Genoa experience.", "journal": "Hemodial Int", "authors": ["Esposito, Pasquale", "Russo, Rodolfo", "Conti, Novella", "Falqui, Valeria", "Massarino, Fabio", "Moriero, Enzo", "Peloso, Giancarlo", "Traverso, Giovanni Battista", "Garibotto, Giacomo", "Viazzi, Francesca"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365278", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464293, "pmcid": "PMC7247981", "title": "Mobile phones: a forgotten source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Ibrahim, Tony", "Chamseddine, Ali N", "Baz, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464293", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437938, "pmcid": "PMC7211664", "title": "Mitigating lockdown challenges in response to COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mboera, Leonard E G", "Akipede, George O", "Banerjee, Amitava", "Cuevas, Luis E", "Czypionka, Thomas", "Khan, Mishal", "Kock, Richard", "McCoy, David", "Mmbaga, Blandina T", "Misinzo, Gerald", "Shayo, Elizabeth H", "Sheel, Meru", "Sindato, Calvin", "Urassa, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437938", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444569, "title": "Management of the mother-infant dyad with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in a highly epidemic context.", "journal": "J Neonatal Perinatal Med", "authors": ["Pietrasanta, C", "Pugni, L", "Ronchi, A", "Schena, F", "Davanzo, R", "Gargantini, G", "Ferrazzi, E", "Mosca, F"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444569", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "addresses a number of aspects of the mother-infant dyad management during SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Networking among maternity centers and anticipatory planning is essential to organise the assistance to mothers and neonates in maternity and neonatal wards. Early identification of SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, before delivery, allows their management through dedicated protocols and minimizes the risk of contagion for other patients and healthcare providers. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be excluded at present, and should be ruled out as soon as possible after birth. Rooming in of infected mothers and neonates, provided their good clinical conditions, is not contraindicated based on current knowledge. The choice of breastfeeding should be carefully discussed with parents based on current, evolving scientific evidence."}, {"pmid": 32404315, "title": "Covid-19: The US state copying a global health template for contact tracing success.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Ready, Tinker"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404315", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531219, "pmcid": "PMC7282779", "title": "Potential challenges in managing obstetric patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Yin, Kyla Ng", "Lee, Keng Siang", "Zhang, John J Y"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531219", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271211, "pmcid": "PMC7197343", "title": "What's Important: Facing Fear in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Dyer, George S M", "Harris, Mitchel B"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271211", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315429, "pmcid": "PMC7188135", "title": "Eosinophil count in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon M"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315429", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482688, "title": "Hemodialysis with Cohort Isolation to Prevent Secondary Transmission during a COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Cho, Jang-Hee", "Kang, Seok Hui", "Park, Hayne Cho", "Kim, Dong Ki", "Lee, Sang-Ho", "Do, Jun Young", "Park, Jong Won", "Kim, Seong Nam", "Kim, Myeong Seong", "Jin, Kyubok", "Kang, Gun Woo", "Park, Sun-Hee", "Kim, Yong-Lim", "Lee, Young-Ki"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482688", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care-associated infections during previous coronavirus epidemics involving severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome resulted from human-to-human transmission in hemodialysis (HD) facilities. The effect of a strategy of HD with cohort isolation-separate dialysis sessions for close contacts of patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-on the prevention of secondary transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in HD units is unknown. Our multicenter cohort study of an HD with cohort isolation strategy enrolled close contacts of patients with confirmed COVID-19, including patients on HD and health care workers in HD units. Close contacts had been identified by epidemiologic investigation and tested negative on an immediate screening test for SARS-CoV-2. As of March 14, 11 patients on HD and 7 health care workers from 11 HD centers were diagnosed as having COVID-19. The immediate screening test was performed in 306 people, and among them, 302 close contacts with negative test results were enrolled. HD with cohort isolation was performed among all close contacts for a median of 14 days in seven centers. During cohort isolation, nine patients showed symptoms but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Two health care workers in the HD units (0.66% of the total group) were diagnosed at the termination test for SARS-CoV-2. The transmission of COVID-19 can be controlled without closure of HD centers by implementing preemptive activities, including early detection with rapid testing, cohort isolation, collaboration between institutions, and continuous monitoring of infection. Our strategy and experience may provide helpful guidance for circumstances involving the rapid spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32459415, "title": "Editorial Decisions on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Chescheir, Nancy C"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459415", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419715, "pmcid": "PMC7225721", "title": "[COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel disease: questions arising from patient care and follow-up during the initial phase of the pandemic (February-April 2020)].", "journal": "Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Marin-Jimenez, Ignacio", "Zabana, Yamile", "Rodriguez-Lago, Iago", "Marin, Laura", "Acosta, Manuel Barreiro-de", "Esteve, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419715", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was described in China in late 2019. There are currently more than three million diagnosed cases, constituting a pandemic which has caused a worldwide crisis. The devastating effects of this infection are due to its highly contagious nature and although mild forms predominate, in absolute values, the rates for severe forms and mortality are very high. The information on the characteristics of the infection in inflammatory bowel disease is of special interest, as these patients have higher attendance at health centres, which may increase their risk of infection. Furthermore, the treatments used to control the inflammatory activity may modify the disease course of COVID-19. The Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU) and the Spanish Nurses Working Group on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (GETEII) have prepared this document as a practical response to some common questions about the treatment of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32207680, "title": "COVID-19: the new challenge for rheumatologists.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Ferro, Francesco", "Elefante, Elena", "Baldini, Chiara", "Bartoloni, Elena", "Puxeddu, Ilaria", "Talarico, Rosaria", "Mosca, Marta", "Bombardieri, Stefano"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207680", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467207, "pmcid": "PMC7241911", "title": "GP at foot: remote ways to share management of diabetes amid the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Chambers, Ruth", "Beaney, Paul", "Balasubramanian, Gayathri", "Ogunmekan, Seyi"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447293, "title": "Frontline fighters: the continued fight against COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Akilli, Huseyin", "Celik, Husnu", "Taskiran, Cagatay", "Bilir, Esra", "Gultekin, Murat"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483084, "title": "COVID-19 Infection Is a Diagnostic Challenge in Infants With Ileocecal Intussusception.", "journal": "Pediatr Emerg Care", "authors": ["Martinez-Castano, Irene", "Calabuig-Barbero, Elena", "Gonzalvez-Pinera, Jeronimo", "Lopez-Ayala, Jose Maria"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483084", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234453, "pmcid": "PMC7271011", "title": "Follow-up of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Zhou, X", "Li, Y", "Li, T", "Zhang, W"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234453", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353270, "pmcid": "PMC7185931", "title": "Public health messaging and harm reduction in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Karamouzian, Mohammad", "Johnson, Cheyenne", "Kerr, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353270", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437002, "title": "Is the brain a reservoir organ for SARS-CoV2?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Gomez-Pinedo, Ulises", "Matias-Guiu, Jorge", "Sanclemente-Alaman, Inmaculada", "Moreno-Jimenez, Lidia", "Montero-Escribano, Paloma", "Matias-Guiu, Jordi A"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437002", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330899, "pmcid": "PMC7179964", "title": "Editorial. Impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgery resident research training.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Clark, Victoria E"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330899", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407507, "title": "Genomic epidemiology, evolution, and transmission dynamics of porcine deltacoronavirus.", "journal": "Mol Biol Evol", "authors": ["He, Wan-Ting", "Ji, Xiang", "He, Wei", "Dellicour, Simon", "Wang, Shilei", "Li, Gairu", "Zhang, Letian", "Gilbert, Marius", "Zhu, Henan", "Xing, Gang", "Veit, Michael", "Huang, Zhen", "Han, Guan-Zhu", "Huang, Yaowei", "Suchard, Marc A", "Baele, Guy", "Lemey, Philippe", "Su, Shuo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407507", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS)-CoV-2 has shown once again that coronaviruses (CoVs) in animals are potential sources for epidemics in humans. Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogen of swine with a worldwide distribution. Here, we implemented and described an approach to analyze the epidemiology of PDCoV following its emergence in the pig population. We performed an integrated analysis of full genome sequence data from 21 newly-sequenced viruses, along with comprehensive epidemiological surveillance data collected globally over the last 15 years. We found four distinct phylogenetic lineages of PDCoV, which differ in their geographic circulation patterns. Interestingly, we identified more frequent intra- and inter-lineage recombination and higher virus genetic diversity in the Chinese lineages compared with the US lineage where pigs are raised in different farming systems and ecological environments. Most recombination breakpoints are located in the ORF1ab gene rather than in genes encoding structural proteins. We also identified five amino acids under positive selection in the spike protein suggesting a role for adaptive evolution. According to structural mapping, three positively selected sites are located in the N-terminal domain of the S1 subunit, which is the most likely involved in binding to a carbohydrate receptor, while the other two are located in or near the fusion peptide of the S2 subunit and thus might affect membrane fusion. Finally, our phylogeographic investigations highlighted notable South-North transmission as well as frequent long-distance dispersal events in China that could implicate human-mediated transmission. Our findings provide new insights into the evolution and dispersal of PDCoV that contribute to our understanding of the critical factors involved in coronaviruses emergence. Coronaviruses (CoVs) exhibit a pronounced propensity for interspecies transmission as illustrated by important emerging viruses in humans such as severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome virus (MERS)-CoV, as well as the recent SARS-CoV-2 that is causing a major human pandemic. A better understanding of the evolutionary process leading to viral emergence may help unravel the principles of cross-species transmission and therefore assist in preventing future introductions into new host populations. Here, we examined the evolution and spread of an emerging coronavirus that likely transmitted from birds to pigs and caused sustained epidemics in Asia and the United States. We integrated viral full genome sequence analysis and comprehensive surveillance data to examine the evolution of emerging porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and in particular the factors driving ongoing circulation and recent cases in China. We found evidence for adaptive evolution of this emerging virus in the absence of vaccine immune pressure, with important amino acids under positive selection, as well as frequent inter- and intra-lineage recombination events in the Asian lineages. Breeding patterns and ecological environment could play an important role in swine coronavirus evolution, leading to differences in recombination and population diversity. Using phylogeographic approaches, we further shed light on the dispersal history and dynamics of the China lineage of PDCoV. Our study provides a deeper understanding of the geographic dispersal of genetic lineages of PDCoV in China and suggests that southern China acted as a source of transmission. Modeling how the virus spread in China will allow the prioritization of areas for swine coronavirus surveillance in the future. These findings have important implications for preventing the emergence of coronaviruses in livestock and for controlling their spread in Asian countries."}, {"pmid": 32382162, "pmcid": "PMC7204647", "title": "Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on career development: Insights from cultural psychology.", "journal": "J Vocat Behav", "authors": ["Guan, Yanjun", "Deng, Hong", "Zhou, Xinyi"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382162", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has become a significant global crisis that requires individuals, organizations and nations to take necessary steps to cope. To develop a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on individuals' career development and possible coping strategies, we adopt a cultural psychological perspective to analyze: (1) how internalized cultural orientations (e.g., values, thinking styles, regulatory focus) may shape individual responses and coping strategies to COVID-19 pandemic; (2) how national culture influences the collective actions and norms during COVID-19 pandemic; (3) how to integrate insights from cultural psychology to enrich research on career management strategies in response to a fast changing environment. While this paper primarily focuses on the role of national culture (i.e., the shared meanings and practices in a nation), these discussions can largely be applied to other cultural settings. Practical implications are also discussed."}, {"pmid": 32498503, "title": "COVID-19: a review.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Madabhavi, Irappa", "Sarkar, Malay", "Kadakol, Nagaveni"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498503", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The enduring epidemic outbreak which started in Wuhan city of China, in December 2019 caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID- 19) or the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created a dangerous and deadly Public Health disaster of International apprehension, with cases confirmed in several countries. This novel community health trouble is frightening the universe with clinical, psychological, emotional, collapse of health system and economical slowdown in each and every part of the world infecting nearly 200 countries. A highly virulent and pathogenic COVID-19 viral infection with incubation period ranging from two to fourteen days, transmitted by breathing of infected droplets or contact with infected droplets, belongs to the genus Coronavirus with its high mutation rate in the Coronaviridae. The likely probable primary reservoir could be bats, because genomic analysis discovered that SARSCoV-2 is phylogenetically interrelated to SARS-like bat viruses. The transitional resource of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapidly developing pandemic has confirmed human to human transfer. Approximately 1,016,128 reported cases, 211,615 recovered cases and 53,069 deaths of COVID-2019 have been reported to date (April 2, 2020). The symptoms vary from asymptomatic, low grade pyrexia, dry cough, sore throat, breathlessness, tiredness, body aches, fatigue, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, to severe consolidation and pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction leading to death with case fatality rate ranging from 2 to 3%."}, {"pmid": 32448323, "pmcid": "PMC7245982", "title": "The psycho-social effects of COVID-19 on Italian adolescents' attitudes and behaviors.", "journal": "Ital J Pediatr", "authors": ["Buzzi, Carlo", "Tucci, Maurizio", "Ciprandi, Riccardo", "Brambilla, Ilaria", "Caimmi, Silvia", "Ciprandi, Giorgio", "Marseglia, Gian Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448323", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an emerging issue that has significant consequences on psycho-social well-being. In this regard, a survey was conducted on a large group of adolescents in Italy. The survey investigated four items: concerns and fears, information on the pandemic, provisions of public authorities (e.g., lockdown), and impact on everyday life. Adolescents actively participated in the survey. COVID-19 affected emotions and lifestyle. COVID-19 influenced relationships with peers and parents. There were regional differences. The current research highlighted the remarkable, healthy, and certainly unexpected, emotional balance of the new generations in the face of a sudden, unpredictable phenomenon capable of jeopardizing life itself. While understanding the gravity of the phenomenon and willingly adapting to all the necessary precautions, the adolescents still seemed to express an excellent ability to manage situations of insecurity and to deal with unfavorable and adverse conditions by adapting to the new routine and finding alternative and innovative means of meeting their social and psychological needs."}, {"pmid": 32190290, "pmcid": "PMC7074995", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: The most important research questions.", "journal": "Cell Biosci", "authors": ["Yuen, Kit-San", "Ye, Zi-Wei", "Fung, Sin-Yee", "Chan, Chi-Ping", "Jin, Dong-Yan"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32190290", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an ongoing global health emergency. Here we highlight nine most important research questions concerning virus transmission, asymptomatic and presymptomatic virus shedding, diagnosis, treatment, vaccine development, origin of virus and viral pathogenesis."}, {"pmid": 32418773, "pmcid": "PMC7255323", "title": "COVID-19 epidemic: Proposed alternatives in the management of digestive cancers: A French intergroup clinical point of view (SNFGE, FFCD, GERCOR, UNICANCER, SFCD, SFED, SFRO, SFR).", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Di Fiore, Frederic", "Bouche, Olivier", "Lepage, Come", "Sefrioui, David", "Gangloff, Alice", "Schwarz, Lilian", "Tuech, Jean Jacques", "Aparicio, Thomas", "Lecomte, Thierry", "Boulagnon-Rombi, Camille", "Lievre, Astrid", "Manfredi, Sylvain", "Phelip, Jean Marc", "Michel, Pierre"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418773", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients treated for malignancy are considered at risk of severe COVID-19. This exceptional pandemic has affected countries on every level, particularly health systems which are experiencing saturation. Like many countries, France is currently greatly exposed, and a complete reorganization of hospitals is ongoing. We propose here adaptations of diagnostic procedures, therapies and care strategies for patients treated for digestive cancer during the COVID-19 epidemic. French societies of gastroenterology and gastrointestinal (GI) oncology carried out this study to answer two main questions that have arisen (i) how can we limit high-risk situations for GI-cancer patients and (ii) how can we limit contact between patients and care centers to decrease patients' risk of contamination while continuing to treat their cancer. All recommendations are graded as experts' agreement according to the level of evidence found in the literature until March 2020. A proposal to adapt treatment strategies was made for the main GI oncology situations. Considering the level of evidence and the heterogeneous progression of the COVID-19 epidemic, all proposals need to be considered by a multidisciplinary team and implemented with patient consent. COVID-19 epidemic may significantly affect patients treated for digestive malignancies. Healthcare teams need to consider adapting treatment sequences when feasible and according to the epidemic situation."}, {"pmid": 32348166, "title": "Effects Of ARBs And ACEIs On Virus Infection, Inflammatory Status And Clinical Outcomes In COVID-19 Patients With Hypertension: A Single Center Retrospective Study.", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["Yang, Guang", "Tan, Zihu", "Zhou, Ling", "Yang, Min", "Peng, Lang", "Liu, Jinjin", "Cai, Jingling", "Yang, Ru", "Han, Junyan", "Huang, Yafei", "He, Shaobin"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348166", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the capability of inducing elevated expression of ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), the cellular receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) or ACE inhibitors treatment may have a controversial role in both facilitating virus infection and reducing pathogenic inflammation. We aimed to evaluate the effects of ARBs/ACE inhibitors on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a retrospective, single-center study. One hundred twenty-six patients with COVID-19 and preexisting hypertension at Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Wuhan from January 5 to February 22, 2020, were retrospectively allocated to ARBs/ACE inhibitors group (n=43) and non-ARBs/ACE inhibitors group (n=83) according to their antihypertensive medication. One hundred twenty-five age- and sex-matched patients with COVID-19 without hypertension were randomly selected as nonhypertension controls. In addition, the medication history of 1942 patients with hypertension that were admitted to Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from November 1 to December 31, 2019, before the COVID-19 outbreak were also reviewed for external comparison. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, analyzed, and compared between these groups. The frequency of ARBs/ACE inhibitors usage in patients with hypertension with or without COVID-19 were comparable. Among patients with COVID-19 and hypertension, those received either ARBs/ACE inhibitors or non-ARBs/ACE inhibitors had comparable blood pressure. However, ARBs/ACE inhibitors group had significantly lower concentrations of hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; P=0.049) and PCT (procalcitonin, P=0.008). Furthermore, a lower proportion of critical patients (9.3% versus 22.9%; P=0.061) and a lower death rate (4.7% versus 13.3%; P=0.216) were observed in ARBs/ACE inhibitors group than non-ARBs/ACE inhibitors group, although these differences failed to reach statistical significance. Our findings thus support the use of ARBs/ACE inhibitors in patients with COVID-19 and preexisting hypertension."}, {"pmid": 32519262, "title": "Child Health and Delivery of Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Mathew, Joseph L"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519262", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425631, "pmcid": "PMC7229979", "title": "A dynamic modeling tool for estimating healthcare demand from the COVID19 epidemic and evaluating population-wide interventions.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rainisch, Gabriel", "Undurraga, Eduardo A", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425631", "countries": ["Chile"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health officials need tools to assist in anticipating the healthcare resources required to confront the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. We constructed a modeling tool to aid active public health officials to estimate healthcare demand from the pandemic in their jurisdictions and to evaluate the potential impact of population-wide social-distancing interventions. The tool uses an SEIR compartmental model to project the pandemic's local spread. Users input case counts, healthcare resources, and select intervention strategies to evaluate. Outputs include the number of infections and deaths with and without intervention, and the demand for hospital and critical care beds and ventilators relative to existing capacity. We illustrate the tool using data from three regions of Chile. Our scenarios indicate a surge in COVID-19 patients could overwhelm Chilean hospitals by June, peaking in July or August at six to 50 times the current supply of beds and ventilators. A lockdown strategy or combination of case isolation, home quarantine, social distancing of individuals >70 years, and telework interventions may keep treatment demand below capacity. Aggressive interventions can avert substantial morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Our tool permits rapid evaluation of locally-applicable policy scenarios and updating of results as new data become available."}, {"pmid": 32394156, "pmcid": "PMC7214229", "title": "Use of Face Masks in COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Sra, Harnoor Kaur", "Sandhu, Amit", "Singh, Meenu"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414770, "title": "England's health policy response to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Alderwick, Hugh", "Dunn, Phoebe", "Dixon, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414770", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452940, "title": "Essential Case Management Practices Amidst the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: Part 2: End-of-Life Care, Workers' Compensation Case Management, Legal and Ethical Obligations, Remote Practice, and Resilience.", "journal": "Prof Case Manag", "authors": ["Tahan, Hussein M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452940", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is the second of a 2-part article that discusses essential case management practices and strategies amidst the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The series showcases the potential professional case managers have in support of managing during a crisis such as a global pandemic. Part II continues to describe reenvisioned roles and responsibilities of case managers and their leaders to meet the needs of patients/support systems during the crisis. It focuses on the increased need for end-of-life care, impact on workers' compensation case management practice, and the self-care needs of the professional case manager. Applicable to the various case management practice settings across the continuum of health and human services, with special focus on acute care. The COVID-19 global pandemic has resulted in a crisis case managers and other health care professionals never faced something like it before. At the same time, it has provided opportunities for innovation and creativity including use of digital and telecommunication technology in new ways to ensure the continued delivery of health and human services to those who need them regardless of location. It has also resulted in the development of necessary and impactful partnerships within and across different health care organizations and diverse professional disciplines. Most importantly, this pandemic has required special attention to the increased need of patients for timely palliative and end-of-life care. In addition, it has prompted a focus on the safety, health, and well-being of case managers and other health care professionals, resulting in expanded workers' compensation case management practice coupled with the need for self-care and resilience. Professional case managers are integral members of interprofessional health care teams. Their roles and responsibilities are even more necessary during the uncertainty of a global pandemic such as COVID-19. So far, the experience of this crisis has resulted in a deliberate need to ensure the safety of both, those who are the recipients of health care services and those who are responsible for the provision of care. Self-care and resilience of health care professionals and case managers, especially due to the complex dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic, have advanced a desirable and necessary view of remote/virtual practice and as a strategy for enhancing the person's health and well-being. This pandemic has forced the development of impactful partnerships and collaborations among the diverse contexts of health care organizations and support service providers. These contexts of care delivery have also emphasized the necessary legal and ethical practice of case managers and the other involved parties. Experts agree that the innovative care delivery methods practiced during the pandemic will undoubtedly remain as desirable beyond the current crisis period."}, {"pmid": 32425276, "pmcid": "PMC7227556", "title": "Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Tzur Bitan, Dana", "Grossman-Giron, Ariella", "Bloch, Yuval", "Mayer, Yael", "Shiffman, Noga", "Mendlovic, Shlomo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425276", "countries": ["Israel"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mental health clinicians worldwide have been expressing concerns regarding the broad psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, only a few studies have thus far evaluated the degree of fear of COVID-19, partially due to the lack of validated measures. In this study we evaluated the psychometric properties of the Hebrew version of the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), recently developed to assess different aspects of the fear of the pandemic, in a normative population of participants in Israel. Participants (n\u00a0=\u00a0639) were asked to complete the FCV-19S scale, as well as to report anxiety, depression, and stress levels using validated scales. The results a unidimensional factor structure of the FCV-19S which explained 53.71% of the variance. When forcing a two-factor structure model, the analysis revealed two factors pertaining to emotional fear reactions and symptomatic expressions of fear. Gender, sociodemographic status, chronic illness, being in an at-risk group, and having a family member dying of COVID-19 were positively associated with fear of COVID-19. The measure was associated with anxiety, stress and depression. These results suggest that the FCV-19S has good psychometric properties, and can be utilized in studies assessing the effects of the pandemic on the population's mental health."}, {"pmid": 32340094, "title": "[Evaluation of the emergency response strategies and measures on the epidemic of COVID-19 in Shenzhen, China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zou, X", "Wu, Y S", "Liu, X J", "Huang, S L", "He, J F", "Zhao, J", "Wu, N", "Zhang, R L", "Mei, S J", "Liu, P Y", "Zhang, Z", "Shi, X L", "Lyu, X", "Wei, L", "Ma, Q S", "Lu, J H", "Li, Y", "Feng, T J", "Peng, C Q", "Zhang, S X", "Xia, J J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340094", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the strategies on COVID-19 outbreak control in Shenzhen, and to clarify the feasibility of these strategies in metropolitans that have high population density and strong mobility. Methods: The epidemic feature of COVID-19 was described by different phases and was used to observe the effectiveness of intervention. Hierarchical spot map was drawn to clarify the distribution and transmission risk of infection sources at different time points. The Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Asymptomatic-Recovered model was established to estimate case numbers without intervention and compare with the actual number of cases to determine the effect of intervention. The positive rate of the nucleic acid test was used to reflect the risk of human exposure. A survey on COVID-19 related knowledge, attitude and behaviors were used to estimate the abilities of personal protection and emergency response. Results: The epidemic of COVID-19 in Shenzhen experienced the rising, plateau and decline stage. The case number increased rapidly at the beginning, with short duration of peak period. Although the epidemic curve showed human-to-human transmission, the \"trailing\" was not obvious. From the spot map, during the intervention period, the source of infection was widely distributed. More cases and higher transmission risk were observed in areas with higher population density. After the effective intervention measures, both infection sources and the risk of transmission decreased. After compared with the estimated case numbers without intervention, actual number proved the COVID-19 control strategies were effective. The positive rate of nucleic acid test for high risk populations decreased and no new cases reported since February 16. Shenzhen citizens had high knowledge, attitude and behavior level, and high protection ability and emergency response. Conclusion: Although the response initiated by the health administration department played a key role at the early stage of the epidemic, it was not enough to contain the outbreak of COVID-19. The first-level emergency response initiated by provincial and municipal government was effective and ensured the start of work resumption after the Spring Festival. Metropolitans like Shenzhen can also achieve the goals of strategies and measures for containment and mitigation of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32482612, "pmcid": "PMC7253966", "title": "Airborne precautions are needed against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Takefuji, Yoshiyasu"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480226, "pmcid": "PMC7258806", "title": "Effects of host genetic variations on response to, susceptibility and severity of respiratory infections.", "journal": "Biomed Pharmacother", "authors": ["Ghafouri-Fard, Soudeh", "Noroozi, Rezvan", "Vafaee, Reza", "Branicki, Wojciech", "Pospiech, Ewelina", "Pyrc, Krzysztof", "Labaj, Pawel P", "Omrani, Mir Davood", "Taheri, Mohammad", "Sanak, Marek"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480226", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created a global crisis, necessitating the identification of genetic factors that modulate the risk of disorder or its severity. The current data about the role of genetic risk factors in determination of rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in each ethnic group and the severity of disorder is limited. Moreover, several confounding parameters such as the number of tests performed in each country, the structure of the population especially the age distribution, the presence of risk factors for respiratory disorders such as smoking and other environmental factors might be involved in the variability in disease course or prevalence of infection among different ethnic groups. However, assessment of the role of genetic variants in determination of the course of other respiratory infections might help in recognition of possible candidate for further analysis in patients affected with SARS-CoV-2. In the current review, we summarize the data showing the association between genomic variants and risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory infections or severity of these conditions with an especial focus on the SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32518738, "pmcid": "PMC7250066", "title": "Intubation Containment System for Improved Protection From Aerosolized Particles During Airway Management.", "journal": "IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med", "authors": ["Gore, Russell K", "Saldana, Christopher", "Wright, David W", "Klein, Adam M"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518738", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Worldwide efforts to protect front line providers performing endotracheal intubation during the COVID-19 pandemic have led to innovative devices. Authors evaluated the aerosol containment effectiveness of a novel intubation aerosol containment system (IACS) compared with a recently promoted intubation box and no protective barrier. In a simulation center at the authors' university, the IACS was compared to no protective barrier and an intubation box. Aerosolization was simulated using a commercial fog machine and leakage of aerosolize mist was visually assessed. The IACS appeared to contain the aerosolized mist, while the intubation box allowed for mist to contact the laryngoscopist and contaminate the clinical space through arm port holes and the open caudal end. Both devices protected the laryngoscopist better than no protective barrier. The IACS with integrated sleeves and plastic drape appears to offer superior protection for the laryngoscopist and assistant providers from aerosolized particles."}, {"pmid": 32474601, "title": "Household COVID-19 Prevalence.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mandonnet, Emmanuel", "Molina, Jean-Michel"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474601", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32035511, "pmcid": "PMC7133555", "title": "2019-nCoV epidemic: what about pregnancies?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Favre, Guillaume", "Pomar, Leo", "Musso, Didier", "Baud, David"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035511", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406402, "pmcid": "PMC7218402", "title": "Emergency preparedness after COVID-19: A review of policy statements for the U.S. water sector.", "journal": "Util Policy", "authors": ["Sowby, Robert B"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406402", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although COVID-19 has impacted water and wastewater utilities in new and profound ways, they must still provide their vital services despite the disruptions. The pandemic brings into focus their need for proactive emergency preparedness. In the United States, professional associations have long advocated in this area and have already developed considerable policy guidance and resources to help water and wastewater utilities prepare for and respond to emergencies. In the midst of the crisis, several U.S. policies are reviewed here. Utilities should reflect on their COVID-19 experience, learn from it, and apply their newfound perspective to strengthen future emergency preparedness."}, {"pmid": 32283289, "pmcid": "PMC7151322", "title": "Mental health and emotional impact of COVID-19: Applying Health Belief Model for medical staff to general public of Pakistan.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Sonia"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283289", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462705, "title": "Clinical features, isolation, and complete genome sequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from the first two patients in Vietnam.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Phan, Lan T", "Nguyen, Thuong V", "Huynh, Loan K T", "Dao, Manh H", "Vo, Tho A N", "Vu, Nhung H P", "Pham, Hang T T", "Nguyen, Hieu T", "Nguyen, Thuc T", "Le, Hung Q", "Nguyen, Thinh V", "Nguyen, Quan H", "Huynh, Thao P", "Nguyen, Sang N", "Nguyen, Anh H", "Nguyen, Ngoc T", "Nguyen, Thao N T", "Nguyen, Long T", "Luong, Quang C", "Cao, Thang M", "Pham, Quang D"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462705", "countries": ["China", "Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, we identified two SARS-CoV-2 infections in a familial cluster with one person coming from Wuhan, China. The complete genome sequences of two SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated from these patients were identical and 99.98% similar to strains isolated in Wuhan. This is genetically suggestive of human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and indicates Wuhan as the most plausible origin of the early outbreak in Vietnam. The younger patient with a mild upper respiratory illness and a brief viral shedding, while the elderly with multi-morbidity had pneumonia, prolonged viral shedding, and residual lung damage. Evidence of nonsynonymous substitutions in the ORF1ab region of the viral sequence warrants further studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32219410, "pmcid": "PMC7133056", "title": "A War on Two Fronts: Cancer Care in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Kutikov, Alexander", "Weinberg, David S", "Edelman, Martin J", "Horwitz, Eric M", "Uzzo, Robert G", "Fisher, Richard I"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219410", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515982, "title": "H2S as a potential defence against COVID-19?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Cell Physiol", "authors": ["Yang, Guangdong"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515982", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is posing a global health emergency and has led to more than 380,000 deaths worldwide. The cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 depends on two host proteins angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and TMPRSS2. There is currently no vaccine available and also no effective drug for the treatment of COVID-19. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a novel gasotransmitter has been shown to protect against lung damage via its anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-viral, pro-survival, and anti-aging effects. In light of the research advances on H2S signalling in biology and medicine, this review proposed H2S as a potential defence against COVID-19. It is suggested that H2S may block SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells by interfering with ACE2 and TMPRSS2, inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by attenuating virus assembly/release, and protect SARS-CoV-2-induced lung damage by suppressing immune response and inflammation development. Preclinical studies and clinical trials with slow-releasing H2S donor(s) or the activators of endogenous H2S-generating enzymes should be considered as a preventative treatment or therapy for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32520160, "title": "Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and future perspectives concerning SARS-COV-2: a review article.", "journal": "Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)", "authors": ["Carvalho, Arthur Ricardo Vilar Scavuzzi de", "Cezarotti Filho, Murilo Lobo", "Azevedo, Pedro Cavalcanti Pires de", "Silveira Filho, Robson Natario", "Barbosa, Fabiano Timbo", "Rocha, Thiago Jose Matos", "Sousa-Rodrigues, Celio Fernando de", "Ramos, Fernando Wagner da Silva"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520160", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present study aimed to review the epidemiology, clinical manifestation, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, and future perspectives related to COVID-19 infections. The following electronic databases were used searched: MEDLINE, SCIELO, and LILACS. It became clear that COVID-19 infections occur through exposure to the virus, and both the immunosuppressed and healthy population appear susceptible. The clinical course of COVID-19 is still not clear, although the SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to develop with mild, influenza-like symptoms in the vast majority of subjects, i.e., 10%-15% of COVID-19 patients. Since rRT-PCR tests serve as the gold standard method to confirm a SARS-CoV-2 infection, false-negative results could hinder the prevention and control of the epidemic, particularly considering the test plays a key role in the decision for continued isolated medical observation or discharge. Our findings also indicate that a radical increase in the identification and isolation of currently undocumented infections would be needed to fully control SARS-CoV2."}, {"pmid": 32467457, "title": "Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children With Suspected Acute Abdomen: A Case Series From a Tertiary Hospital in Spain.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Cabrero-Hernandez, Marta", "Garcia-Salido, Alberto", "Leoz-Gordillo, Ines", "Alonso-Cadenas, Jose Antonio", "Gochi-Valdovinos, Ainhoa", "Gonzalez Brabin, Anthony", "De Lama Caro-Paton, Gema", "Nieto-Moro, Montserrat", "de-Azagra-Garde, Amelia Martinez-", "Serrano-Gonzalez, Ana"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467457", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe 5 children with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, hemodynamic instability and suspected acute abdomen. This form of the disease has not been previously documented. Four of the cases were confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 1 probable. All of them were previously healthy and needed a pediatric critical care unit admission. The respiratory symptoms were not dominant or were absent. Also, fever was observed. Laboratory testing revealed lymphopenia and high levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin with D-dimer, ferritin and interleukin-6 usually elevated. Respiratory support and inotropic support were almost always necessary. In all of them, deterioration occurred on the day of admission."}, {"pmid": 32401039, "title": "Glycemic control of type 2 diabetic patients with coronavirus disease during hospitalization: a proposal for early insulin therapy.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Nakhleh, Afif", "Shehadeh, Naim"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401039", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346672, "pmcid": "PMC7187860", "title": "False-Negative COVID-19 Testing: Considerations in Obstetrical Care.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Kelly, Jeannie C", "Dombrowksi, Michael", "O'neil-Callahan, Micaela", "Kernberg, Annessa S", "Frolova, Antonina I", "Stout, Molly J"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346672", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32023683, "title": "[Prevention and control program on 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Children's digestive endoscopy center].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023683", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531123, "title": "ACEi and ARB with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Khashkhusha, Taqua R", "Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531123", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442261, "title": "Influenza vaccine does not increase the risk of coronavirus or other non-influenza respiratory viruses: retrospective analysis from Canada, 2010-11 to 2016-17.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Skowronski, Danuta M", "Zou, Macy", "Clarke, Quinten", "Chambers, Catharine", "Dickinson, James A", "Sabaiduc, Suzana", "Olsha, Romy", "Gubbay, Jonathan B", "Drews, Steven J", "Charest, Hugues", "Winter, Anne-Luise", "Jassem, Agatha", "Murti, Michelle", "Krajden, Mel", "De Serres, Gaston"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442261", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza and non-influenza respiratory viruses (NIRV) was assessed by test-negative design using historic datasets of the community-based Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN), spanning 2010-11 to 2016-17. Vaccine significantly reduced the risk of influenza illness by >40% with no effect on coronaviruses or other NIRV risk."}, {"pmid": 32463285, "title": "Shattered social identity and moral injuries: Work-related conditions in health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Kroger, Christoph"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463285", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present article assesses the effects of shattered social identity and moral injuries experienced by health care professionals (HCPs) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Professional expertise and emotional-cognitive demands as key aspects of HCPs' social identity are introduced, and the effects of moral injuries-in terms of violation of medical-ethical and social-ethical norms-on the mental health of HCPs are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32194253, "pmcid": "PMC7102648", "title": "Molecular basis of COVID-19 relationships in different species: a one health perspective.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Tilocca, Bruno", "Soggiu, Alessio", "Musella, Vincenzo", "Britti, Domenico", "Sanguinetti, Maurizio", "Urbani, Andrea", "Roncada, Paola"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194253", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Outside the Hubei province, China, the mild form of infection and the progressive recover of the COVID-19 patients suggest the intervention of \"unconventional\" biological mechanisms worthy of attention. Based on the high-homology between the Spike protein epitopes of taxonomically-related coronaviruses, we hypothesized that past contact with infected dogs shield humans against the circulating SARS-CoV-2. Elseways, the recurrent virus exposure over a short time-lapse might result in the Antibody Dependent Enhancement, triggering the violent immune reaction responsible for the severe clinical outcomes observed in the Hubei province. Nevertheless, further experimental studies are desired for a confidential evaluation of the postulated hypotheses."}, {"pmid": 32268454, "title": "[Treatment experience of burn patients combined with inhalation injury during epidemic period of Corona Virus Disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi", "authors": ["Jiang, N N", "Wang, D Y", "Chen, L", "Xie, W G"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268454", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To introduce Treatment experience of burn patients combined with inhalation injury during epidemic period of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Six burn patients combined with inhalation injury were hospitalized in Department of Burns of Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University& Wuhan Third Hospital from February 1 to March 1 in 2020duringhigh-incidence period of COVID-19, including 4 males and 2 females, aged 21-63 years, hospitalized for 2-4 hours, with total burn areas of 1%-20% TBSA and full-thickness burn areas of 1%-12% TBSA. Among them, 1 case was severe inhalation injury, 2 cases were mild inhalation injury, and 3 cases were moderate inhalation injury. The body temperatures of the patients were normal at admission without fever or cough in the past 2 weeks. At admission, chest CT of one patient showed double lower lobes and left upper lobes had multiple slices and slightly high-density shadow of nodules. Chest CT of two patients showed bilateral lung texture was thickening, and chest CT of other patients was normal. After admission, 6 patients were given routine treatment, the medical staffs paid attention to the protection and screened COVID-19 according to the diagnosis and treatment plan of COVID-19. On post injury day (PID) 1, 3, 6, and 9, vein blood of patients were collected for determination of white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil, lymphocyte absolute value. and level of procalcitonin (PCT). Nucleic acid of novel coronavirus was detected by real-time fluorescence reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on PID 3 and 6. The temperatures of patients were recorded after admission. The results of chest CT within one week after injury and the prognosis of the patients were recorded. Measurement data distributed normally were expressed as x \u00b1 s, and measurement data distributed abnormally were expressed as M (P(25), P(75)). Results: (1) On PID1, 3, 6, and 9, WBC counts of patients were respectively (19.8\u00b13.8)\u00d710(9)/L, (17.2\u00b13.4)\u00d710(9)/L,(13.3\u00b13.1)\u00d710(9)/L, and (11.1\u00b11.6)\u00d710(9)/L, neutrophils of patients were respectively0.919\u00b10.019,0.899\u00b10.011, 0.855\u00b10.034, and0.811\u00b10.035, absolute values of lymphocytes of patients were respectively(0.65\u00b10.18)\u00d710(9)/L,(0.65\u00b10.24)\u00d710(9)/L,(0.91\u00b10.34)\u00d710(9)/L, and (1.23\u00b10.42)\u00d710(9)/L,and PCT values of patients were respectively0.49 (0.36, 1.64), 0.39 (0.26, 0.73), 0.28 (0.18, 0.33), and 0.12 (0.11, 0.20) ng/mL.The values of WBC and neutrophils of patients were higher than the normal value, showing a downward trend. The absolute values of lymphocyte of patients returned to the normal value gradually. The PCT values of patients were higher than the normal value. (2) Nucleic acid test results of novel coronavirus of 6 patients were negative on PID 3 and 6. The temperatures of patients were from 36.5 to 38.6 \u2103. The typical imaging features of COVID-19 were not found in 6 patients within 1 week after injury by chest CT. After treatment for 14-32 days, 6 patients were cured and discharged. Conclusions: During the novel coronavirus, burn patients combined with inhalation injury should be treated under condition of good protection for COVID-19 among doctors and nurses. Meanwhile, virus should be actively screened to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection among doctors and patients."}, {"pmid": 32222720, "pmcid": "PMC7113464", "title": "Advice on Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment for Spinal Diseases during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "Asian Spine J", "authors": ["Zou, Jun", "Yu, Hao", "Song, Dawei", "Niu, Junjie", "Yang, Huilin"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222720", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak started in December 2019 that caused difficulties for clinical work. Practical work experience in our spinal outpatient and emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic is summarized in this article, with combined evidence-based medical evidence to explore a standardized process of diagnosis and treatment for spinal diseases. Outpatient reservation, continuous screening, triage, and isolation, first consultation accountability system, pandemic reporting system, and online revisit were strictly followed. We hope that our experience in prevention and control of COVID-19 can help spine surgeons globally in stopping the spread of COVID-19. Spine surgeons should collaborate with infection control specialists to avoid cross-infection in hospitals and optimize treatment."}, {"pmid": 32388906, "pmcid": "PMC7272829", "title": "Do novel drugs for diabetes help in COVID-19? Another brick in the wall?", "journal": "J Diabetes", "authors": ["Krejner-Bienias, Alicja", "Grzela, Katarzyna", "Grzela, Tomasz"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388906", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394336, "pmcid": "PMC7212844", "title": "An innovative endotracheal tube clamp for use in COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Jacob, Miguel", "Ruivo, Ernesto", "Portela, Ines", "Tavares, Joao", "Varela, Miguel", "Moutinho, Sofia", "Costa, Hugo", "Nunez, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345856, "pmcid": "PMC7202124", "title": "Adaptation to the Plastic Barrier Sheet to Facilitate Intubation during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Yang, Yao-Lin", "Huang, Ching-Hsuan", "Luk, Hsiang-Ning", "Tsai, Phil B"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345856", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325016, "pmcid": "PMC7172851", "title": "High versus low PEEP in non-recruitable collapsed lung tissue: possible implications for patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Schultz, Marcus J"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325016", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32228362, "pmcid": "PMC7233396", "title": "3D CT of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Ufuk, Furkan"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228362", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    This article has online supplemental material.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32331789, "pmcid": "PMC7158838", "title": "Global Threat of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and the Need for More and Better Diagnostic Tools.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Pathak, Mamta", "Patel, Shailesh Kumar", "Jigyasa, Rana", "Tiwari, Ruchi", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Sah, Ranjit", "Rabaan, Ali A", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331789", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367812, "title": "[First case of COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab in Iceland].", "journal": "Laeknabladid", "authors": ["Bjornsson, Aron Hjalti", "Olafsdottir, Thorbjorg", "Thormar, Katrin Maria", "Kristjansson, Mar", "Thorisdottir, Anna Sesselja", "Ludviksson, Bjorn Runar", "Guethmundsson, Sigurdur", "Gottfredsson, Magnus"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367812", "countries": ["Iceland"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A gentleman in his early fifties became ill with flu-like symptoms after vacationing abroad and was diagnosed with COVID-19 after returning to Iceland. A few days later he was admitted to the University Hospital, Landspitali, due to worsening respiratory symptoms and severe fatigue. A computed tomography scan of lthe lungs showed diffuse bilateral consolidations and ground glass changes. He developed respiratory failure and was transferred to the intensive care unit where he received further treatment, including tocilizumab (IL-6 receptor inhibitor). He subsequently showed clinical improvement and did not require endotracheal intubation."}, {"pmid": 32427902, "title": "Animal source of the coronavirus continues to elude scientists.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427902", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458174, "pmcid": "PMC7250487", "title": "Non-COVID-19 emergencies: where have all the patients gone?", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Boeken, Tom", "Le Berre, Alice", "Mebazaa, Anne", "Boulay-Coletta, Isabelle", "Hodel, Jerome", "Zins, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458174", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022 Early in the pandemic, numbers of patients undergoing non-COVID-19 emergent CTs dropped sharply but diagnostic yield did not increase, suggesting potentially undiagnosed emergencies in patients not seen in healthcare institutions."}, {"pmid": 32475612, "pmcid": "PMC7256611", "title": "Maximizing the academic nursing model in the era of COVID-19 and beyond.", "journal": "Nurs Outlook", "authors": ["Bettencourt, Amanda P", "Vance, Ashlee J", "Jun, Jin", "Burns, Jade", "Bell, Sue Anne", "Costa, Deena Kelly"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363146, "pmcid": "PMC7194035", "title": "COVID-19 Presenting with Seizures.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Sohal, Sandeep", "Mossammat, Mansur"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363146", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case report examines a male with no previous history of seizures initially admitting to the medical service later upgraded to ICU after respiratory failure developing multiple episodes of seizures. Laboratory values on admission, neurological investigations, as well as review of current literature on COVID-19 encephalitis is provided."}, {"pmid": 32417314, "pmcid": "PMC7224654", "title": "Corticosteroid use in selected patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome related to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Goursaud, Suzanne", "Descamps, Richard", "Daubin, Cedric", "du Cheyron, Damien", "Valette, Xavier"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417314", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512386, "title": "Proteolytic Cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and the Role of the Novel S1/S2 Site.", "journal": "iScience", "authors": ["Jaimes, Javier A", "Millet, Jean K", "Whittaker, Gary R"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512386", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread to the entire world within a few months. The origin of SARS-CoV-2 has been related to the lineage B Betacoronavirus SARS-CoV and SARS-related coronaviruses found in bats. Early characterizations of the SARS-CoV-2 genome revealed the existence of a distinct four amino acid insert within the spike (S) protein (underlined, SPRRAR\u2193S), at the S1/S2 site located at the interface between the S1 receptor binding subunit and the S2 fusion subunit. Notably, this insert appears to be a distinguishing feature among SARS-related sequences and introduces a potential cleavage site for the protease furin. Here, we investigate the potential role of this novel S1/S2 cleavage site and present direct biochemical evidence for proteolytic processing by a variety of proteases. We discuss these findings in the context of the origin of SARS-CoV-2, viral stability, and transmission."}, {"pmid": 32368838, "pmcid": "PMC7267297", "title": "Preliminary data on outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Spanish single center cohort of kidney recipients.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Montagud-Marrahi, Enrique", "Cofan, Frederic", "Torregrosa, Josep-Vicens", "Cucchiari, David", "Ventura-Aguiar, Pedro", "Revuelta, Ignacio", "Bodro, Marta", "Pineiro, Gaston J", "Esforzado, Nuria", "Ugalde, Jessica", "Guillen, Elena", "Rodriguez-Espinosa, Diana", "Campistol, Josep M", "Oppenheimer, Federico", "Moreno, Asuncion", "Diekmann, Fritz"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368838", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268168, "pmcid": "PMC7130538", "title": "Rational hand hygiene during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Cavanagh, Gregory", "Wambier, Carlos Gustavo"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268168", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414839, "title": "Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in PBS for Molecular Detection.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Perchetti, Garrett A", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Peddu, Vikas", "Jerome, Keith R", "Greninger, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414839", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "RNA viruses often require \"cold-chains\" of transportation to prevent the breakdown of genetic material.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32087115, "pmcid": "PMC7158984", "title": "Open access epidemiological data from the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xu, Bo", "Kraemer, Moritz U G"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087115", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441753, "title": "Clinical and Epidemiological Features of a Family Cluster of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Wolf, Gerhard K", "Glueck, Thomas", "Huebner, Johannes", "Muenchhoff, Maximilian", "Hoffmann, Dieter", "French, Lars E", "Keppler, Oliver T", "Protzer, Ulrike"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441753", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This report describes the clinical and virological characteristics of three children in a family cluster experiencing infection with SARS-CoV2. While the youngest child was not infected, both parents and the two 2- and 5 years-old children became infected. The children were only briefly symptomatic with predominant gastrointestinal symptoms. They initially shed infectious virus from the upper respiratory tract, but cleared the virus after five to six days in the nasopharynx. However, SARS-CoV2 RNA was continuously detected in the stools of the children for more than 4 weeks indicating a predominant replication within the gastrointestinal tract."}, {"pmid": 32339884, "pmcid": "PMC7181995", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 in Iran: the need for more attention to primary health care.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Badrfam, R", "Zandifar, A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339884", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344447, "pmcid": "PMC7267337", "title": "Professional identity formation in disorienting times.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Stetson, Geoffrey V", "Kryzhanovskaya, Irina V", "Lomen-Hoerth, Catherine", "Hauer, Karen E"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344447", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352314, "title": "The COVID-19 epidemic, its mortality, and the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care", "authors": ["Hens, Niel", "Vranck, Pascal", "Molenberghs, Geert"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352314", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has developed into a pandemic, hitting hard on our communities. As the pandemic continues to bring health and economic hardship, keeping mortality as low as possible will be the highest priority for individuals; hence governments must put in place measures to ameliorate the inevitable economic downturn. The course of an epidemic may be defined by a series of key factors. In the early stages of a new infectious disease outbreak, it is crucial to understand the transmission dynamics of the infection. The basic reproduction number (R0), which defines the mean number of secondary cases generated by one primary case when the population is largely susceptible to infection ('totally na\u00efve'), determines the overall number of people who are likely to be infected, or, more precisely, the area under the epidemic curve. Estimation of changes in transmission over time can provide insights into the epidemiological situation and identify whether outbreak control measures are having a measurable effect. For R0\u2009>\u20091, the number infected tends to increase, and for R0\u2009<\u20091, transmission dies out. Non-pharmaceutical strategies to handle the epidemic are sketched and based on current knowledge, the current situation is sketched and scenarios for the near future discussed."}, {"pmid": 32456695, "pmcid": "PMC7249977", "title": "Clinical analysis of sinus bradycardia in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Hu, Lijuan", "Gong, Linjing", "Jiang, Zhilong", "Wang, Qibing", "Zou, Yunzeng", "Zhu, Lei"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456695", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520921, "title": "Letter to Editor: Oral lesions in a patient with Covid-19.", "journal": "Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal", "authors": ["Soares, C-D", "Carvalho, R-A", "Carvalho, K-A", "Carvalho, M-G", "Almeida, O-P"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520921", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479770, "pmcid": "PMC7258849", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Variability but not admission or trends in NEWS2 score predicts clinical outcome in elderly hospitalised patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Sze, Shirley", "Pan, Daniel", "Williams, Caroline M L", "Wong, Nicholas", "Sahota, Amandip", "Bell, David", "Tang, Julian W", "Wiselka, Martin", "Stephenson, Iain", "Pareek, Manish"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479770", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462324, "pmcid": "PMC7251216", "title": "Spontaneous echo contrast in venous ultrasound of severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Dugar, Siddharth", "Duggal, Abhijit", "Bassel, Akbik", "Soliman, Mona", "Moghekar, Ajit"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462324", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520031, "title": "In silico evaluation of marine fish proteins as nutritional supplements for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Food Funct", "authors": ["Yao, Yushan", "Luo, Zhen", "Zhang, Xuewu"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520031", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, no specific drug has been discovered for the treatment of COVID-19 and hence, people are in a state of anxiety. Thus, there is an urgent need to search for various possible strategies including nutritional supplementation. In this study, we have tried to provide a reference for protein supplementation. Specifically, 20 marine fish proteins were subjected to in silico hydrolysis by gastrointestinal enzymes, and a large number of active peptides were generated. Then, the binding abilities of these peptides to SARS-CoV-2 main protease and monoamine oxidase A were assessed. The results showed that NADH dehydrogenase could be a good protein source in generating potent binders to the two enzymes, followed by cytochrome b. In addition, some high-affinity oligopeptides (VIQY, ICIY, PISQF, VISAW, AIPAW, and PVSQF) were identified as dual binders to the two enzymes. In summary, the supplementation of some fish proteins can be helpful for COVID-19 patients; the identified oligopeptides can be used as the lead compounds to design potential inhibitors against COVID-19 and anxiety."}, {"pmid": 32142785, "pmcid": "PMC7130192", "title": "COVID-19: Gastrointestinal Manifestations and Potential Fecal-Oral Transmission.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Gu, Jinyang", "Han, Bing", "Wang, Jian"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142785", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306625, "title": "[Suggestions for prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in medical staff of otolaryngology head and neck surgery].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, K", "Lai, X Q", "Liu, Z"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306625", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32204411, "pmcid": "PMC7143846", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic Declaration on Psychological Consequences: A Study on Active Weibo Users.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Li, Sijia", "Wang, Yilin", "Xue, Jia", "Zhao, Nan", "Zhu, Tingshao"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204411", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) has significantly resulted in a large number of psychological consequences. The aim of this study is to explore the impacts of COVID-19 on people's mental health, to assist policy makers to develop actionable policies, and help clinical practitioners (e.g., social workers, psychiatrists, and psychologists) provide timely services to affected populations. We sample and analyze the Weibo posts from 17,865 active Weibo users using the approach of Online Ecological Recognition (OER) based on several machine-learning predictive models. We calculated word frequency, scores of emotional indicators (e.g., anxiety, depression, indignation, and Oxford happiness) and cognitive indicators (e.g., social risk judgment and life satisfaction) from the collected data. The sentiment analysis and the paired sample t-test were performed to examine the differences in the same group before and after the declaration of COVID-19 on 20 January, 2020. The results showed that negative emotions (e.g., anxiety, depression and indignation) and sensitivity to social risks increased, while the scores of positive emotions (e.g., Oxford happiness) and life satisfaction decreased. People were concerned more about their health and family, while less about leisure and friends. The results contribute to the knowledge gaps of short-term individual changes in psychological conditions after the outbreak. It may provide references for policy makers to plan and fight against COVID-19 effectively by improving stability of popular feelings and urgently prepare clinical practitioners to deliver corresponding therapy foundations for the risk groups and affected people."}, {"pmid": 32338329, "pmcid": "PMC7184069", "title": "COVID-19 Policies can Perpetuate Violence Against Transgender Communities: Insights from Peru.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Perez-Brumer, Amaya", "Silva-Santisteban, Alfonso"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338329", "countries": ["Peru"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456286, "title": "Antiviral Effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Type I Interferon on In Vitro Fatal Feline Coronavirus Infection.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Takano, Tomomi", "Satoh, Kumi", "Doki, Tomoyoshi", "Tanabe, Taishi", "Hohdatsu, Tsutomu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456286", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a viral disease with a high morbidity and mortality by the FIP virus (FIPV, virulent feline coronavirus). Several antiviral drugs for FIP have been identified, but many of these are expensive and not available in veterinary medicine. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a drug approved by several countries to treat malaria and immune-mediated diseases in humans, and its antiviral effects on other viral infections (e.g., SARS-CoV-2, dengue virus) have been confirmed. We investigated whether HCQ in association with interferon-\u03c9 (IFN-\u03c9) is effective for FIPV in vitro. A total of 100 \u03bcM of HCQ significantly inhibited the replication of types I and II FIPV. Interestingly, the combination of 100 \u03bcM of HCQ and 104 U/mL of recombinant feline IFN-\u03c9 (rfIFN-\u03c9, veterinary registered drug) increased its antiviral activity against type I FIPV infection. Our study suggested that HCQ and rfIFN-\u03c9 are applicable for treatment of FIP. Further clinical studies are needed to verify the combination of HCQ and rIFN-\u03c9 will be effective and safe treatment for cats with FIP."}, {"pmid": 32325421, "pmcid": "PMC7194879", "title": "Increased expression of CD8 marker on T-cells in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Blood Cells Mol Dis", "authors": ["Ganji, Ali", "Farahani, Iman", "Khansarinejad, Behzad", "Ghazavi, Ali", "Mosayebi, Ghasem"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325421", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cell-mediated immunity including T-cells (T helper and cytotoxic) plays an essential role in efficient antiviral responses against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the ratio and expression of CD4 and CD8 markers in COVID-19 patients to clarify the immune characterizations of CD4 and CD8 T-cells in COVID-19 patients. Peripheral blood samples of 25 COVID-19 patients and 25 normal individuals with similar age and sex as the control group were collected. White blood cells, platelets, and lymphocytes were counted and CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry. The number of white blood cells, lymphocytes, and platelets were reduced significantly in COVID-19 patients (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). The difference in CD4:CD8 ratio, CD4 T-cell frequency, CD8 T-cell frequency, and CD4 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was not significant between COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals (P\u00a0>\u00a00.05); however, the CD8 MFI increased significantly in COVID-19 infected patients (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Although, there is no significant difference in the ratio of CD4 to CD8 between two groups, the expression level of CD8 in COVID-19 patients was significantly higher than the normal individuals. This result suggested that the cellular immune responses triggered by COVID-19 infection were developed through overexpression of CD8 and hyperactivation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes."}, {"pmid": 32468775, "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19): Let's Prevent Not Panic.", "journal": "J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Fatima", "Mukhtar, Neha"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468775", "countries": ["France", "Philippines", "China", "Japan", "Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It was on 31st December 2019, that a cluster of pneumonia cases was reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) by China. The initial investigations revealed the cases to be due to a previously unknown \"never before seen strain of coronavirus\". Coronaviruses are a group of viruses, which are normally present among animals such as cows, bats, camels and cats. The disease was officially named COVID-19 by WHO on 11th February 2020. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses named the virus as SARS-CoV-2 due to its resemblance to SARS coronavirus. According to WHO's Situation Report-28 as of 17th February 2020, globally there were 71,429 confirmed cases, which included both laboratories confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases (applicable only to Hubei province of China). Cases are clinically diagnosed based on their signs and symptoms and chest x-rays without laboratory testing. More than 99% of these are in China i.e. 70,635 and 794 are outside China. The cases reported outside of China belong to 25 countries in various regions of WHO: China having the epicenter of the disease bears the greatest brunt, with 1772 deaths. The three deaths outside China have been reported in Philippines, Japan and France. The case fatality rate of COVID-19 ranges between 2-3% A wide spectrum of disease, ranging from mild to severe, has been reported in confirmed cases of COVID-19. Respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, dyspnoea, myalgia, fatigue, breathing difficulties and bilateral lung infiltrates on C.T are common findings. Pakistan so far has not reported any confirmed case of COVID-19. Government is showing its commitment towards the threat of importation. This novel coronavirus, called as a \"devil\" by Chinese Prime Minister, Xi Ping is really an enigma."}, {"pmid": 32492171, "title": "Managing appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Scott, C", "Lambert, A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492171", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507399, "title": "Pulmonary embolism and COVID-19: A paradigm change.", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Franco-Moreno, A", "Munoz-Rivas, N", "Mestre-Gomez, B", "Torres-Macho, J"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507399", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273603, "title": "Functionally assessing coronavirus entry.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Stower, Hannah"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273603", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355024, "title": "Call for transparency of COVID-19 models.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Barton, C Michael", "Alberti, Marina", "Ames, Daniel", "Atkinson, Jo-An", "Bales, Jerad", "Burke, Edmund", "Chen, Min", "Diallo, Saikou Y", "Earn, David J D", "Fath, Brian", "Feng, Zhilan", "Gibbons, Christopher", "Hammond, Ross", "Heffernan, Jane", "Houser, Heather", "Hovmand, Peter S", "Kopainsky, Birgit", "Mabry, Patricia L", "Mair, Christina", "Meier, Petra", "Niles, Rebecca", "Nosek, Brian", "Osgood, Nathaniel", "Pierce, Suzanne", "Polhill, J Gareth", "Prosser, Lisa", "Robinson, Erin", "Rosenzweig, Cynthia", "Sankaran, Shankar", "Stange, Kurt", "Tucker, Gregory"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355024", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333027, "pmcid": "PMC7181104", "title": "The COVID-19 Registry in Rhineland-Palatinate in the context of international registry activities documenting COVID-19 outcomes.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Gitt, Anselm K", "Bernhardt, Alexandra", "Zahn, Ralf", "Zeymer, Uwe", "Grau, Armin", "Beutel, Manfred E", "Werdan, Karl"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333027", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455513, "title": "[Application and thinking of health standards related to medical care and health information etc. in prevention and control of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, X", "Yang, Y Q", "Jiang, Y C", "Zheng, Y M", "Sun, N L", "Tian, C W", "Yao, M J", "Bing, P F", "Li, J", "Lei, S W"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455513", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To compare the technical elements of health standards for nosocomial infection control, health protection, health information, and health emergency and biosafety in the context of the prevention and control of COVID-19, and provide support for the further optimization of the epidemic prevention and control guidelines. Methods: Above mentioned health standards used in COVID-19 prevention and control were collected for a systematic comparison with \"Guidelines for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in Medical Institutions\" (the 1st Edition) from the perspective of technical elements. Results: The application scope and technical elements of the current health standards basically meet the needs for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. Conclusions: The implementation of the current health standards can provide strong technical support for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. The experience obtained in the epidemic prevention and control can also contribute to the further revision and improvement of the health standards."}, {"pmid": 32471720, "pmcid": "PMC7183978", "title": "[Acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection in an infant].", "journal": "Rev Mal Respir", "authors": ["Lahfaoui, M", "Azizi, M", "Elbakkaoui, M", "El Amrani, R", "Kamaoui, I", "Benhaddou, H"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471720", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216717, "pmcid": "PMC7233401", "title": "Frequency and Distribution of Chest Radiographic Findings in COVID-19 Positive Patients.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Wong, Ho Yuen Frank", "Lam, Hiu Yin Sonia", "Fong, Ambrose Ho-Tung", "Leung, Siu Ting", "Chin, Thomas Wing-Yan", "Lo, Christine Shing Yen", "Lui, Macy Mei-Sze", "Lee, Jonan Chun Yin", "Chiu, Keith Wan-Hang", "Chung, Tom", "Lee, Elaine Yuen Phin", "Wan, Eric Yuk Fai", "Hung, Fan Ngai Ivan", "Lam, Tina Poy Wing", "Kuo, Michael", "Ng, Ming-Yen"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216717", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Current COVID-19 radiological literature is dominated by CT and a detailed description of chest x-ray (CXR) appearances in relation to the disease time course is lacking. Purpose To describe the time course and severity of the CXR findings of COVID-19 and correlate these with real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-Cov-2 nucleic acid. Materials and Methods Retrospective study of COVID-19 patients with RT-PCR confirmation and CXRs admitted across 4 hospitals evaluated between January and March 2020. Baseline and serial CXRs (total 255 CXRs) were reviewed along with RT-PCRs. Correlation with concurrent CTs (total 28 CTs) was made when available. Two radiologists scored each CXR in consensus for: consolidation, ground glass opacity (GGO), location and pleural fluid. A severity index was determined for each lung. The lung scores were summed to produce the final severity score. Results There were 64 patients (26 men, mean age 56\u00b119 years). Of these, 58, 44 and 38 patients had positive initial RT-PCR (91%, [CI: 81-96%]), abnormal baseline CXR (69%, [CI: 56-80%]) and positive initial RT-PCR with abnormal baseline CXR (59 [CI:46-71%]) respectively. Six patients (9%) showed CXR abnormalities before eventually testing positive on RT-PCR. Sensitivity of initial RT-PCR (91% [95% CI: 83-97%]) was higher than baseline CXR (69% [95% CI: 56-80%]) (p = 0.009). Radiographic (mean 6 \u00b1 5 days) and virologic recovery (mean 8 \u00b1 6 days) were not significantly different (p= 0.33). Consolidation was the most common finding (30/64, 47%), followed by GGO (21/64, 33%). CXR abnormalities had a peripheral (26/64, 41%) and lower zone distribution (32/64, 50%) with bilateral involvement (32/64, 50%). Pleural effusion was uncommon (2/64, 3%). The severity of CXR findings peaked at 10-12 days from the date of symptom onset. Conclusion Chest x-ray findings in COVID-19 patients frequently showed bilateral lower zone consolidation which peaked at 10-12 days from symptom onset."}, {"pmid": 32245770, "title": "Covid-19: PHE upgrades PPE advice for all patient contacts with risk of infection.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sayburn, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245770", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412522, "pmcid": "PMC7220848", "title": "COVID, resilience, and the built environment.", "journal": "Environ Syst Decis", "authors": ["Keenan, Jesse M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412522", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article provides a perspective on the reciprocal relationships between public and private sector resilience planning activities and the ongoing COVID responses in the U.S. Through the lens of the built environment, this article provides selected insights into how various disaster, organizational, and engineering resilience activities have likely positively shaped COVID responses within the healthcare sector. These positive influences are contextualized within extensive efforts within public health and healthcare management to calibrate community resilience frameworks and practices for utilization in everything from advancing community health to the continuity of facilities operations. Thereafter, the article shifts focus to speculate on how ongoing experiences under COVID might yield positive impacts for future resilience designs, plans and policies within housing and the built environment. Through this perspective, the article hopes to explore those often overlooked aspects of the physical and social parameters of the built environment that may be understood as providing opportunities to inform future disaster, public health, and climate change preparations and responses."}, {"pmid": 32522754, "title": "Pneumatosis intestinalis in COVID-19.", "journal": "BMJ Open Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Meini, Simone", "Zini, Chiara", "Passaleva, Maria Teresa", "Frullini, Anna", "Fusco, Francesca", "Carpi, Roberto", "Piani, Fiorella"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522754", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a respiratory illness due to novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), described in December 2019 in Wuhan (China) and rapidly evolved into a pandemic. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract can also be involved. A 44-year-old man was hospitalised for COVID-19-associated pneumonia. A rapid recovery of respiratory and general symptoms was observed after 1\u2009week of treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine and broad-spectrum antibiotics (piperacillin-tazobactam plus teicoplanin). No GI symptoms were reported during hospitalisation, but a lung contrast-enhancement CT (CE-CT) excluding thromboembolism showed, as collateral finding, intraperitoneal free bubbles not present on a previous CT examination; the subsequent abdominal CE-CT described pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) involving the caecum and the right colon. Ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole was started, and the 2-week follow-up CT showed the complete resolution of PI. The pathogenesis of PI is poorly understood. PI involving the caecum and right colon has been described for HIV and Cytomegalovirus infections, but, to our best knowledge, never before in COVID-19. We hypothesise a multifactorial aetiopathogenesis for PI, with a possible role of the bowel wall damage and microbiota impairment due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and we suggest a conservative management in the absence of symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32294504, "pmcid": "PMC7152865", "title": "CT imaging and clinical course of asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia at admission in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Meng, Heng", "Xiong, Rui", "He, Ruyuan", "Lin, Weichen", "Hao, Bo", "Zhang, Lin", "Lu, Zilong", "Shen, Xiaokang", "Fan, Tao", "Jiang, Wenyang", "Yang, Wenbin", "Li, Tao", "Chen, Jun", "Geng, Qing"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294504", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aimed to characterize the CT imaging and clinical course of asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia. Asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by SARS-COV-2 nucleic acid testing in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were retrospectively enrolled. The characteristics of CT imaging and clinical feature were collected and analyzed. 58 asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to our hospital between Jan 1, 2020 and Feb 23, 2020 were enrolled. All patients had history of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. On admission, patients had no symptoms and laboratory findings were normal. The predominant feature of CT findings in this cohort was ground glass opacity (GGO) (55, 94.8%) with peripheral (44, 75.9%) distribution, unilateral location (34, 58.6%) and mostly involving one or two lobes (38, 65.5%), often accompanied by characteristic signs. After short-term follow-up, 16 patients (27.6%) presented symptoms with lower lymphocyte count and higher CRP, mainly including fever, cough and fatigue. The evolution of lesions on CT imaging were observed in 10 patients (17.2%). The average days of hospitalization was19.80\u00b110.82 days, and was significantly longer in progression patients (28.60\u00b17.55 day). CT imaging of asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia has definite characteristics. Since asymptomatic infections as \"covert transmitter\", and some patients can progress rapidly in the short term. It is essential to pay attention to the surveillance of asymptomatic patients with COVID-19. CT scan has great value in screening and detecting patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, especially in the highly suspicious, asymptomatic cases with negative nucleic acid testing."}, {"pmid": 32508062, "title": "COVID-19 critical illness pathophysiology driven by diffuse pulmonary thrombi and pulmonary endothelial dysfunction responsive to thrombolysis.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Poor, Hooman D", "Ventetuolo, Corey E", "Tolbert, Thomas", "Chun, Glen", "Serrao, Gregory", "Zeidman, Amanda", "Dangayach, Neha S", "Olin, Jeffrey", "Kohli-Seth, Roopa", "Powell, Charles A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508062", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with severe COVID-19 disease have been characterized as having the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Critically ill COVID-19 patients have relatively well-preserved lung mechanics despite severe gas exchange abnormalities, a feature not consistent with classical ARDS but more consistent with pulmonary vascular disease. Many patients with severe COVID-19 also demonstrate markedly abnormal coagulation, with elevated d-dimers and higher rates of venous thromboembolism. We present four cases of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia with severe respiratory failure and shock, with evidence of markedly elevated dead-space ventilation who received tPA. All showed post treatment immediate improvements in gas exchange and/or hemodynamics. We suspect that severe COVID-19 pneumonia causes respiratory failure via pulmonary microthrombi and endothelial dysfunction. Treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia may warrant anticoagulation for milder cases and thrombolysis for more severe disease."}, {"pmid": 32391240, "pmcid": "PMC7176026", "title": "Early Prediction of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in the Mainland China Based on Simple Mathematical Model.", "journal": "IEEE Access", "authors": ["Zhong, Linhao", "Mu, Lin", "Li, Jing", "Wang, Jiaying", "Yin, Zhe", "Liu, Darong"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391240", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak has been treated as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization. This work made an early prediction of the 2019-nCoV outbreak in China based on a simple mathematical model and limited epidemiological data. Combing characteristics of the historical epidemic, we found part of the released data is unreasonable. Through ruling out the unreasonable data, the model predictions exhibit that the number of the cumulative 2019-nCoV cases may reach 76,000 to 230,000, with a peak of the unrecovered infectives (22,000-74,000) occurring in late February to early March. After that, the infected cases will rapidly monotonically decrease until early May to late June, when the 2019-nCoV outbreak will fade out. Strong anti-epidemic measures may reduce the cumulative infected cases by 40%-49%. The improvement of medical care can also lead to about one-half transmission decrease and effectively shorten the duration of the 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32327526, "title": "Severe liver failure during SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Weber, Sabine", "Mayerle, Julia", "Irlbeck, Michael", "Gerbes, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327526", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32118615, "pmcid": "PMC7147273", "title": "The Clinical and Chest CT Features Associated With Severe and Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Invest Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Kunhua", "Wu, Jiong", "Wu, Faqi", "Guo, Dajing", "Chen, Linli", "Fang, Zheng", "Li, Chuanming"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118615", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and computed tomography (CT) features associated with severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Eighty-three patients with COVID-19 pneumonia including 25 severe/critical cases and 58 ordinary cases were enrolled. The chest CT images and clinical data of them were reviewed and compared. The risk factors associated with disease severity were analyzed. Compared with the ordinary patients, the severe/critical patients had older ages, higher incidence of comorbidities, cough, expectoration, chest pain, and dyspnea. The incidences of consolidation, linear opacities, crazy-paving pattern, and bronchial wall thickening in severe/critical patients were significantly higher than those of the ordinary patients. Besides, severe/critical patients showed higher incidences of lymph node enlargement, pericardial effusion, and pleural effusion than the ordinary patients. The CT scores of severe/critical patients were significantly higher than those of the ordinary patients (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the sensitivity and specificity of CT score were 80.0% and 82.8%, respectively, for the discrimination of the 2 types. The clinical factors of age older than 50 years, comorbidities, dyspnea, chest pain, cough, expectoration, decreased lymphocytes, and increased inflammation indicators were risk factors for severe/critical COVID-19 pneumonia. Computed tomography findings of consolidation, linear opacities, crazy-paving pattern, bronchial wall thickening, high CT scores, and extrapulmonary lesions were features of severe/critical COVID-19 pneumonia. There are significant differences in clinical symptoms, laboratory examinations, and CT manifestations between the ordinary patients and the severe/critical patients. Many factors are related to the severity of the disease, which can help clinicians to judge the severity of the patient and evaluate the prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32251731, "pmcid": "PMC7128678", "title": "Structural and molecular modelling studies reveal a new mechanism of action of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Fantini, Jacques", "Di Scala, Coralie", "Chahinian, Henri", "Yahi, Nouara"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251731", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of the novel pathogenic SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for a worldwide pandemic. Given the global health emergency, drug repositioning is the most reliable option to design an efficient therapy for infected patients without delay. The first step of the viral replication cycle [i.e. attachment to the surface of respiratory cells, mediated by the spike (S) viral protein] offers several potential therapeutic targets. The S protein uses the angiotension-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor for entry, but also sialic acids linked to host cell surface gangliosides. Using a combination of structural and molecular modelling approaches, this study showed that chloroquine (CLQ), one of the drugs currently under investigation for SARS-CoV-2 treatment, binds sialic acids and gangliosides with high affinity. A new type of ganglioside-binding domain at the tip of the N-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein was identified. This domain (111-158), which is fully conserved among clinical isolates worldwide, may improve attachment of the virus to lipid rafts and facilitate contact with the ACE-2 receptor. This study showed that, in the presence of CLQ [or its more active derivative, hydroxychloroquine (CLQ-OH)], the viral S protein is no longer able to bind gangliosides. The identification of this new mechanism of action of CLQ and CLQ-OH supports the use of these repositioned drugs to cure patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The in-silico approaches used in this study might also be used to assess the efficiency of a broad range of repositioned and/or innovative drug candidates before clinical evaluation."}, {"pmid": 32404699, "title": "A strategy for management of ECT patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Bryson, Ethan O", "Aloysi, Amy Starr"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404699", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398567, "title": "Gaining resilience and reducing stress in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Curr Opin Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Lupe, Stephen E", "Keefer, Laurie", "Szigethy, Eva"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398567", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is experiencing the evolving situation associated with the outbreak of the Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) virus, and there is more of need than ever for stress management and self-care. In this article, we will define the physiological, psychological and social aspects, stages, and components of stress reactions in the context of COVID-19, review the relevant literature on stress reactions, and offer some guidance on how to help patients mitigate the physiological and psychological impact of the pandemic through resilience-building techniques. There is continued evidence that the fight or flight response involves activation throughout the body at physiological, biochemical and immune levels. This response can be mitigated through increasing parasympathetic nervous system activation as well as cognitive and behavioral interventions. This article will review the stress, provide a theoretical layout to predict upcoming response, and offer clinicians some practical interventions to employ as the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic continues."}, {"pmid": 32278370, "pmcid": "PMC7146664", "title": "The gendered dimensions of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278370", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474160, "pmcid": "PMC7256009", "title": "A Butterfly Flaps its Wings: Extinction of Biological Experience and the Origins of Allergy.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Prescott, Susan L"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474160", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The grand global challenges of the Anthropocene are interdependent with ample evidence that reduced early-life 'experience' of biodiversity primes for immune dysregulation and a higher propensity low-grade inflammation, increasing the risk of allergy many other later-onset NCDs -also now implicated in the susceptibility to acute inflammation in COVID-19 infection. The objective of this review is to explore links between biodiversity on all scales and allergic disease as a measure of immune dysregulation. Were identified from PubMed and Web of Science using search terms pertaining to biodiversity, nature-relatedness, allergic disease, microbiome, NCDs, COVID-19 and associated terms. Studies were selected based on relevance to human health and biodiversity. Contact with natural environments enriches the human microbiome, promotes regulated immune responses, and protects from allergy and both acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. These important links to eco-psychological constructs of the 'extinction of experience' which indicates that loss of direct, personal contact with biodiversity-wildlife and the more visible elements of the natural world-might lead to emotional apathy and irresponsible behaviors toward the environment. The immune system is a useful early barometer of environmental impacts, and via the microbiome, a measure of the way in which our current experiences differ from our ancestral past. While we would benefit from further research, efforts to increase direct, personal contact with biodiversity have clear benefits for multiple aspect of physical and mental health, the skin and gut microbiome, immune function, food choices, sleep, physical activity, and promotes environmental responsibility."}, {"pmid": 32493028, "title": "Letter to the Editor: Repurposing of an Antisepsis Drug in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Assay Drug Dev Technol", "authors": ["Kumar, Ashutosh", "Pareek, Vikas", "Kant, Kamla"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493028", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471746, "pmcid": "PMC7190527", "title": "[Neuro-ophthalmologic emergencies during this COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Defoort, S", "Lamirel, C", "Touitou, V", "Vignal, C"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513302, "title": "Three-step checklist for tracheostomy in critically ill COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Vargas, Maria", "Servillo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513302", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416359, "pmcid": "PMC7199701", "title": "Decline in PM2.5 concentrations over major cities around the world associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Chauhan, Akshansha", "Singh, Ramesh P"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416359", "countries": ["Italy", "India", "China", "Mexico", "United Arab Emirates", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 started from Wuhan city in China, slowly spread across the globe after December 2019. Due to movement of people from one city to other cities, one country to other countries, infection spreads and COVID-19 became a pandemic. Efforts were made at local, regional and national levels to lockdown the movement of people and to keep infected one in quarantine or isolation to stop the spread of COVID-19. The traffic, market and small industries were closed, as a result pronounced decline in the concentrations of particulate matters (PM) were observed. Normally these sources contribute to the high concentrations of particulate matters (PM2.5) which represents air quality of a location. In this short communication, we present analysis of PM2.5 of major cities (New York, Los Angeles, Zaragoza, Rome, Dubai, Delhi, Mumbai, Beijing and Shanghai) around the world suffered severely with the COVID-19. Our analysis shows decline in PM2.5 concentration due to lockdown, mainly due to less movement of people to keep \"social distancing\" to control the spread of CORONA-19. The low concentrations of PM2.5 reflect the efforts made in the cities to curb the spread of infection, that improve air quality."}, {"pmid": 32232915, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic - is virtual urology clinic the answer to keeping the cancer pathway moving?", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Connor, Martin J", "Winkler, Mathias", "Miah, Saiful"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232915", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500642, "title": "Histology of skin lesions establishes that the vesicular rash associated with COVID-19 is not \"varicella-like\".", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Mahe, A", "Birckel, E", "Merklen, C", "Lefebvre, P", "Hannedouche, C", "Jost, M", "Droy-Dupre, L"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500642", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several articles recently reported a \"varicella-like\" rash in patients with COVID-19 [1,2]. We observed similar cases at our institution. However, although we agree that the clinical picture is original, we reject that \"varicella-like\" denomination since clinical presentation, as well as some histologic features that we wish to report here for the first time, make it clearly different from varicella. Three patients with a vesicular rash associated with COVID-19 (RT-PCR test on a nasopharyngeal swab specimen positive for SARS-CoV-2 ARN) were seen at our institution in April, 2020. A biopsy of a vesicle was performed in each. Multiple levels with H&E stain were done; the slides were reviewed independently by two pathologists; only concordant data were validated. A test for SARS-CoV-2 was performed on a vesicle in two patients, and a direct immunofluorescence test on perilesional skin in one."}, {"pmid": 32369192, "pmcid": "PMC7267420", "title": "Experiencing Community in a Covid Surge.", "journal": "Hastings Cent Rep", "authors": ["Mukherjee, Debjani"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369192", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As I organize a pile of ethics consult chart notes in New York City in mid-April 2020, I look at the ten cases that I have co-consulted on recently. Nine of the patients were found to be Covid positive. The reasons for the consults are mostly familiar-surrogate decision-making, informed refusal of treatment, goals of care, defining futility. But the context is unfamiliar and unsettling. Bioethicists are in pandemic mode, dusting off and revising triage plans. Patients and potential patients are fearful-of the disease itself and of the amplification of health disparities and inequities. There is so much to contemplate, but as I go through my cases, I worry about disability, about biases and racist stereotypes. In this pandemic, historically marginalized communities are at risk of further disenfranchisement."}, {"pmid": 32524663, "title": "Oral lesions of herpes zoster in COVID-19 patients or truly associated to the disease?", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["das Chagas E Silva de Carvalho, Luis Felipe", "Kitakawa, Darcio", "Cabral, Luiz Antonio Guimaraes"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524663", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the report of Carreras-Presas et al. (2020) in which they present 3 cases with vesico-bullous oral lesions associated with SARS-Cov-2 infection and with very interesting findings, however we cannot consider the possibility that findings be intrinsic related to COVID-19 disease. The first two cases presented did not have laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection, but the authors reported that these patients had compatible signs and symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32425489, "pmcid": "PMC7231730", "title": "[RECOMMENDATIONS AND PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH COVID-19: A SCOPING REVIEW].", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Torre, Hector Gonzalez-de la", "Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Raul", "Martinez, Alicia Martin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425489", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compile recommendations and evidence on the practical management of pregnant women with COVIC-19 in order to clarify standards of obstetric care in the face of this new disease. Scoping review based on literaature searches in national and international health science databases (Pubmed/Medline, Biblioteca virtual en salud (BVS), Scielo, COCHRANE and CUIDEN) and websites, and additionally by a \"snowball\" system. MeSH terms were used: \"COVID-19\", \"Pregnancy\", \"Delivery, Obstetric\" \"Pregnant Women\" and \"Maternal\". As limits in the search Spanish and English languages were selected. No limits were established in relation to the year of publication or type of article. A total of 49 documents and articles were detected, of which 27 were analyzed, 18 were used, and 9 were discarded because they did not contain practical recommendations. The recommendations were grouped into 9 subjects: Prevention of infection in pregnant women, Prevention of infection in health care personnel attending pregnant women, Form of presentation and severity in pregnant women, Maternal-fetal transmission (vertical and perinatal), Maternal-fetal control of the pregnant woman infected with COVID-19, Control of the severely pregnant woman with COVID-19, Treatment of the pregnant woman with COVID-19, Management and route of termination of labor, Neonatal outcomes in women with COVID-19 and Breastfeeding. Lack of strong evidence to support many of the recommendations for pregnant women with COVID-19, as they are based on previous experience with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections. Further studies are needed to confirm the appropriateness of many of the recommendations and guidelines for action in the specific case of pregnant women and COVIC-19."}, {"pmid": 32358574, "pmcid": "PMC7194027", "title": "100 years of influenza research seen through the lens of Covid-19.", "journal": "Mucosal Immunol", "authors": ["Bogaert, Debby", "Dockrell, David H"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358574", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504266, "pmcid": "PMC7273121", "title": "Clinical implications of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease and liver tumor.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Gambato, Martina", "Burra, Patrizia"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504266", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447301, "title": "Coexistent COVID-19 pneumonia and pulmonary embolism: challenges in identifying dual pathology.", "journal": "Thorax", "authors": ["Abernethy, Katrina", "Sivakumar, Parthipan", "Patrick, Tanya", "Robbie, Hastie", "Periselneris, Jimstan"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447301", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507662, "title": "Quantifying what could have been - The impact of the Australian and New Zealand governments' response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis Health", "authors": ["Varghese, Chris", "Xu, William"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507662", "countries": ["New Zealand", "Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Australian and New Zealand governments both initiated strict social distancing measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in late March. It remains difficult to quantify the impact this had in reducing the spread of the virus. Bayesian structural time series model provide a model to quantify the scenario in which these government-level interventions were not placed. Our models predict these strict social distancing measures caused a 79% and 61% reduction in the daily cases of COVID-19 across Australia and New Zealand respectively. This provides both evidence and impetus for governments considering similar measures in response to COVID-19 and other pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32370563, "title": "How to face cancer treatment in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Expert Rev Anticancer Ther", "authors": ["Brandes, Alba A", "Di Nunno, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370563", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222091, "title": "Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo Hospital at the time of the COVID-19 outbreak: letter from the warfront.", "journal": "Int J Lab Hematol", "authors": ["Buoro, Sabrina", "Di Marco, Fabiano", "Rizzi, Marco", "Fabretti, Fabrizio", "Lorini, Ferdinando Luca", "Cesa, Simonetta", "Fagiuoli, Stefano"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222091", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was identified as the agent responsible for the first pneumonia cases of unknown origin in Wuhan, the capital of the Hubei region in China. The virus has been identified as a novel enveloped RNA betacoronavirus2 , that has been promptly named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). The World Health Organization (WHO), on January 12, 2020 declared the COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern. On March 11, the WHO made the assessment that COVID-19 can be characterized as a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32293224, "pmcid": "PMC7233405", "title": "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Radiology Research Enterprise: Radiology Scientific Expert Panel.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Vagal, Achala", "Reeder, Scott B", "Sodickson, Daniel K", "Goh, Vicky", "Bhujwalla, Zaver M", "Krupinski, Elizabeth A"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293224", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 crisis continues to grow and has resulted in marked changes to clinical operations. In parallel with clinical preparedness, universities have shut down the majority of scientific research activities. Radiology researchers are currently grappling with these challenges that will continue to affect current and future imaging research. The purpose of this article is to describe the collective experiences of a diverse international group of academic radiology research programs in managing their response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The acute response at six distinct institutions will first be described, exploring common themes, challenges, priorities, and practices. This will be followed by reflections about the future of radiology research in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32482077, "title": "Biosensors for Managing the COVID-19 Cytokine Storm: Challenges Ahead.", "journal": "ACS Sens", "authors": ["Russell, Steven M", "Alba-Patino, Alejandra", "Baron, Enrique", "Borges, Marcio", "Gonzalez-Freire, Marta", "de la Rica, Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482077", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 pandemic has oversaturated many intensive care units to the point of collapse, leading to enormous spikes in death counts. Before critical care becomes a necessity, identifying patients who are likely to become critically ill and providing prompt treatment is a strategy to avoid ICU oversaturation. There is a consensus that a hyperinflammatory syndrome or a \"cytokine storm\" is responsible for poor outcomes in COVID-19. Measuring cytokine levels at the point of care is required in order to better understand this process. In this Perspective, we summarize the main events behind the cytokine storm in COVID-19 as well as current experimental treatments. We advocate for a new biosensor-enabled paradigm to personalize the management of COVID-19 and stratify patients. Biosensor-guided dosing and timing of immunomodulatory therapies could maximize the benefits of these anti-inflammatory treatments while minimizing deleterious effects. Biosensors will also be essential in order to detect complications such as coinfections and sepsis, which are common in immunosuppressed patients. Finally, we propose the ideal features of these biosensors using some prototypes from the recent literature as examples. Multisensors, lateral flow tests, mobile biosensors, and wearable biosensors are seen as key players for precision medicine in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32441765, "pmcid": "PMC7267139", "title": "Type 1 diabetes and technology at time of COVID -19. A case report.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Cordera, Renzo", "Pinducciu, Cristina", "Maggi, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441765", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Intermittent acute illness contribute to blood glucose dysregulation in Patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM): systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, unpredictable eating, fever, nausea, vomiting, among other factors lead to blood glucose instability with a significant risk of hypoglycemia and represent a difficult challenge for Patients (1). Hyperglycemia (with or without diabetes) is a double edge sword : is depend on the acute illness and by itself negatively contribute to a more severe prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32364039, "title": "Student mental health in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for further research and immediate solutions.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Grubic, Nicholas", "Badovinac, Shaylea", "Johri, Amer M"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364039", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32147538, "pmcid": "PMC7129213", "title": "Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19: A case report.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Dabiao", "Xu, Wenxiong", "Lei, Ziying", "Huang, Zhanlian", "Liu, Jing", "Gao, Zhiliang", "Peng, Liang"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147538", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 that began in Wuhan, China, has constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, with cases confirmed in multiple countries. Currently, patients are the primary source of infection. We report a confirmed case of COVID-19 whose oropharyngeal swab test of SARS-CoV-2 RNA turned positive in convalescence. This case highlights the importance of active surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for infectivity assessment."}, {"pmid": 32253224, "title": "Supporting colleagues during covid-19: the intensive care consultant.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Dowd, Adrian"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253224", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324597, "pmcid": "PMC7188026", "title": "Barrier Shields: Not Just for Intubations in Today's COVID-19 World?", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Tsai, Phil B"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324597", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533662, "title": "Pharmaceutical management of the COVID-19 pandemic in a mid-size hospital.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Corregidor-Luna, Laura", "Hidalgo-Correas, Francisco J", "Garcia-Diaz, Benito"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533662", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this article is to report the experience of the Department of\u00a0Hospital Pharmacy of a mid-size hospital during the peak of the COVID-19\u00a0pandemic. The human and material resources available in a mid-size hospital\u00a0were more limited than in larger hospitals of the region. In this article,\u00a0we describe how this Department of Hospital Pharmacy was reorganized\u00a0to meet the increase in activity, the strategies developed and the\u00a0 lessons\u00a0learned for future pandemics.\u00a0The COVID-19 pandemic had a higher\u00a0 impact in Leganes, a city in the\u00a0south of Madrid, with a population of 190,000.\u00a0 In the face of the dramatic\u00a0increase in the proportion of patients attending our\u00a0 hospital between March\u00a0and April 2020, the Severo Ochoa University Hospital\u00a0 increased the number\u00a0of beds by 24.5% and fitted out new premises inside and\u00a0 outside the\u00a0hospital (sports centers). The mean number of patients seen in our\u00a0 Emergency\u00a0Department every day passed from 70-80 to a peak of 286 patients,\u00a0with 652 hospitalized patients.\u00a0The situation of emergency created by\u00a0 this infectious disease, with management\u00a0protocols changing constantly, had a\u00a0 dramatic impact on the activity\u00a0of hospital pharmacies. Thus, the pandemic has\u00a0 affected areas of economic\u00a0management, magistral preparation, dispensing of\u00a0 medication to inpatients,\u00a0ambulatory patients, patients monitored at home,\u00a0 institutionalized patients,\u00a0and patients from private hospitals and field hospitals.\u00a0 Other areas affected\u00a0include training, clinical trials, pharmacovigilance, and\u00a0 counseling boards.\u00a0Two strategies were adopted to overcome these problems: a\u00a0 strategy\u00a0centered on human resources (staff reinforcement, reallocation of\u00a0 responsibilities),\u00a0and a strategy centered on processes (some processes were\u00a0 reinforced\u00a0to meet the increase in activity, whereas other were temporarily\u00a0suspended or reduced to the minimum).Conclusions: The Department of Hospital Pharmacy plays a key role\u00a0 in\u00a0hospitals and has been significantly reinforced to meet the dramatic impact\u00a0of\u00a0 the pandemic on this service. This Department has been able to reorganize\u00a0its\u00a0 processes and take over new responsibilities such as telepharmacy\u00a0and home\u00a0 dispensing. Hospital pharmacies play a crucial role in\u00a0 pharmacotherapeutic\u00a0decisions in hospitals. As in other Departments, training is\u00a0 the\u00a0area more significantly affected by the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32434777, "pmcid": "PMC7246094", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on HIV financing in Nigeria: a call for proactive measures.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Oladele, Tolulope Tokunyori", "Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun", "Oladele, Edward Adekola", "Ogbuoji, Osondu", "Yamey, Gavin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434777", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389541, "pmcid": "PMC7194827", "title": "Evolution of COVID-19 Guidelines for University of Washington Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patient Care.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Panesar, Kanvar", "Dodson, Thomas", "Lynch, John", "Bryson-Cahn, Chloe", "Chew, Lisa", "Dillon, Jasjit"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389541", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (SC2) virus, in late December 2019 has placed an overwhelming strain on healthcare institutions nationwide. The modern healthcare system has never managed a pandemic of this magnitude, the ramifications of which will undoubtedly lead to lasting changes in policy and protocol development for viral testing guidelines, personal protective equipment (PPE), surgical scheduling, and residency education and training. The State of Washington had the first reported case and death related to COVID-19 in the United States. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons have a unique risk of exposure to SC2 and developing COVID-19 because of our proximity of working in and around the oropharynx and nasopharynx. The present report has summarized the evolution of COVID-19 guidelines in 4 key areas: 1) preoperative SC2 testing; 2) PPE stewardship; 3) surgical scheduling guidelines; and 4) resident education and training for oral and maxillofacial surgery at the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington."}, {"pmid": 32389618, "pmcid": "PMC7200387", "title": "An infant with a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection detected only by anal swabs: a case report.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Juan", "Feng, Jing", "Liu, Tian-Hu", "Xu, Feng-Cheng", "Song, Guo-Qiang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389618", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China and has spread rapidly worldwide. We present a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in a baby with non-productive cough and normal chest computed tomography, in whom only anal swabs tested positive by real-time PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2. She was given atomization inhalation therapy with recombinant human interferon alfa-1b for 10 days. Her anal swabs remained positive for eight days, whereas her throat swabs were persistently negative by real-time PCR testing. Mild and asymptomatic cases, especially in children, might present with PCR negative pharyngeal/nasal swabs and PCR positive anal swabs. Those patients are potential sources of infection via fecal-oral transmission for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32355260, "pmcid": "PMC7192909", "title": "Genetic diversity and ecology of coronaviruses hosted by cave-dwelling bats in Gabon.", "journal": "Sci Rep", "authors": ["Maganga, Gael Darren", "Pinto, Anais", "Mombo, Illich Manfred", "Madjitobaye, Mankomra", "Mbeang Beyeme, Antoine Mitte", "Boundenga, Larson", "Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg", "N'Dilimabaka, Nadine", "Drexler, Jan Felix", "Drosten, Christian", "Leroy, Eric Maurice"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355260", "countries": ["Gabon"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little research on coronaviruses has been conducted on wild animals in Africa. Here, we screened a wide range of wild animals collected in six provinces and five caves of Gabon between 2009 and 2015. We collected a total of 1867 animal samples (cave-dwelling bats, rodents, non-human primates and other wild animals). We explored the diversity of CoVs and determined the factors driving the infection of CoVs in wild animals. Based on a nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, only bats, belonging to the Hipposideros gigas (4/156), Hipposideros cf. ruber (13/262) and Miniopterus inflatus (1/249) species, were found infected with CoVs. We identified alphacoronaviruses in H. gigas and H. cf. ruber and betacoronaviruses in H. gigas. All Alphacoronavirus sequences grouped with Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E). Ecological analyses revealed that CoV infection was significantly found in July and October in H. gigas and in October and November in H. cf ruber. The prevalence in the Faucon cave was significantly higher. Our findings suggest that insectivorous bats harbor potentially zoonotic CoVs; highlight a probable seasonality of the infection in cave-dwelling bats from the North-East of Gabon and pointed to an association between the disturbance of the bats' habitat by human activities and CoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32305033, "pmcid": "PMC7151310", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and addiction: Current problems and future concerns.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Kar, Sujita Kumar", "Arafat, S M Yasir", "Sharma, Pawan", "Dixit, Ayushi", "Marthoenis, Marthoenis", "Kabir, Russell"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305033", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222167, "pmcid": "PMC7194509", "title": "Antihypertensive drugs and risk of COVID-19?", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Lo, Kevin Bryan", "McCullough, Peter A", "Rangaswami, Janani"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222167", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404717, "title": "Orthopaedic Documentation and Coding Primer for Telemedicine and Electronic Patient Communication for the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Hinckley, Nathaniel B", "Henley, M Bradford", "McIntyre, Louis", "Stiefel, Eric", "Davidson, James", "Chhabra, Anikar"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404717", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524630, "title": "Rash as a presenting complaint in a child with COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Klimach, Anna", "Evans, Jordan", "Stevens, Jennifer", "Creasey, Nikola"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524630", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cutaneous manifestations are becoming increasingly well-documented in adults with COVID-19. There is now also a growing body of literature regarding skin involvement in children, with reports of papulovesicular, petechial and widespread macular and papular lesions, as well as chilblains (pernio). We describe the case of a thirteen-year-old boy with confirmed COVID-19 in the United Kingdom who presented with skin findings localized to the plantar aspects of the feet, axillae and lower limbs. The morphology was predominantly maculopapular but also included petechiae and annular lesions."}, {"pmid": 32302817, "pmcid": "PMC7152886", "title": "When health professionals look death in the eye: the mental health of professionals who deal daily with the 2019 coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim", "Almeida, Hiure Gomes", "Esmeraldo, Joana D'arc", "Nobre, Camila Bezerra", "Pinheiro, Woneska Rodrigues", "de Oliveira, Cicera Rejane Tavares", "Sousa, Itamara da Costa", "Lima, Onelia Maria Moreira Leite", "Lima, Nadia Nara Rolim", "Moreira, Marcial Moreno", "Lima, Carlos Kennedy Tavares", "Junior, Jucier Goncalves", "da Silva, Claudio Gleideston Lima"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302817", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The fact that COVID-19 is transmissible from human to human and associated with high morbidity and potentially fatality can intensify the perception of personal danger. In addition, the foreseeable shortage of supplies and an increasing flow of suspected and real cases of COVID-19 contribute to the pressures and concerns of health professionals. The studies were identified in well-known international journals found in two electronic databases: Scopus and Embase. The data were cross-checked with information from the main international newspapers. Work-related stress is a potential cause of concern for health professionals. It has been associated with anxiety including multiple clinical activities, depression in the face of the coexistence of countless deaths, long work shifts with the most diverse unknowns and demands in the treatment with patients with COVID-19. Therefore, it is an important indicator of psychic exhaustion. As coronavirus cases increase and deaths surge in Italy, new figures show an \"enormous\" level of contagion among the country's medical personnel. At least 2,629 health workers have been infected with coronavirus since the outbreak onset in February, representing 8.3% of total cases. The percentage of infected health workers has almost doubled the number registered in China throughout the epidemic. Intensive care unit physicians are on their stress limit, especially when dealing with older patients and with death prospects. Doctors, not a relative, are inevitably the last people a dying COVID-19 patient will see."}, {"pmid": 32501323, "pmcid": "PMC7252119", "title": "What comes after the ICU?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Wilson, Clare"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501323", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some people with covid-19 need ventilation. Those who survive this will need a lot of physical and mental rehabilitation, finds Clare Wilson."}, {"pmid": 32417248, "pmcid": "PMC7224665", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosed only by cell culture isolation before the local outbreak in an Italian seven-week-old suckling baby.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Calderaro, Adriana", "Arcangeletti, Maria Cristina", "De Conto, Flora", "Buttrini, Mirko", "Montagna, Paolo", "Montecchini, Sara", "Ferraglia, Francesca", "Pinardi, Federica", "Chezzi, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417248", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China in December 2019 and has now been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. This paper described the case of a 7-week-old suckling baby from Italy who was SARS-CoV-2-positive only by the cell culture method, with no clinical suspicion of and/or risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The baby was referred to hospital, with signs and symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, before the virus had spread to the province. Nasal and pharyngeal swabs and a nasopharyngeal aspirate were used for conventional and molecular diagnostic assays not including the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Bacteria referred to the resident population were revealed in nasal and pharyngeal swabs. No viruses were detected using both immunofluorescence assay and nucleic acid amplification assays in the nasopharyngeal aspirate. The baby was discharged in good condition after 3 days of hospitalisation. Later, a cytopathic effect on the cell monolayers currently used for respiratory viruses was observed and the viral particles were identified as Coronaviridae by transmission electron microscopy. SARS-CoV-2 was identified by RT-PCR performed both on cell culture and on the stored aliquot of the original sample. The virus isolate was named SARS-Cov-2/human/Parma/1/2020. Cell culture still remains the only reference diagnostic method also for emerging viruses, allowing it to reveal cytopathogenic viruses and demonstrate their infectivity."}, {"pmid": 32472043, "title": "Detection of air and surface contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in hospital rooms of infected patients.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Chia, Po Ying", "Coleman, Kristen Kelli", "Tan, Yian Kim", "Ong, Sean Wei Xiang", "Gum, Marcus", "Lau, Sok Kiang", "Lim, Xiao Fang", "Lim, Ai Sim", "Sutjipto, Stephanie", "Lee, Pei Hua", "Son, Than The", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Milton, Donald K", "Gray, Gregory C", "Schuster, Stephan", "Barkham, Timothy", "De, Partha Pratim", "Vasoo, Shawn", "Chan, Monica", "Ang, Brenda Sze Peng", "Tan, Boon Huan", "Leo, Yee-Sin", "Ng, Oon-Tek", "Wong, Michelle Su Yen", "Marimuthu, Kalisvar"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472043", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Understanding the particle size distribution in the air and patterns of environmental contamination of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for infection prevention policies. Here we screen surface and air samples from hospital rooms of COVID-19 patients for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Environmental sampling is conducted in three airborne infection isolation rooms (AIIRs) in the ICU and 27 AIIRs in the general ward. 245 surface samples are collected. 56.7% of rooms have at least one environmental surface contaminated. High touch surface contamination is shown in ten (66.7%) out of 15 patients in the first week of illness, and three (20%) beyond the first week of illness (p\u2009=\u20090.01, \u03c72 test). Air sampling is performed in three of the 27 AIIRs in the general ward, and detects SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive particles of sizes >4\u2009\u00b5m and 1-4\u2009\u00b5m in two rooms, despite these rooms having 12 air changes per hour. This warrants further study of the airborne transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32368994, "pmcid": "PMC7264453", "title": "Psychiatric hospitalization rates in Italy before and during COVID-19: did they change? An analysis of register data.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Clerici, M", "Durbano, F", "Spinogatti, F", "Vita, A", "de Girolamo, G", "Micciolo, R"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368994", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess admission rates to seven General Hospital Psychiatric Wards (GHPWs) located in the Lombardy Region in the 40 days after the start of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, compared to similar periods of 2020 and 2019. Anonymized data from the regional psychiatric care register have been obtained and analyzed. The seven GHPWs care for approximately 1.4 million inhabitants and have a total of 119 beds. In the 40-day period (February 21-March 31, 2020) after the start of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy, compared to a similar 40-day period prior to February 21, and compared to two 40-day periods of 2019, there has been a marked reduction in psychiatric admission rates. The reduction was explained by voluntary admissions, while there was not a noticeable reduction for involuntary admissions. The reduction was visible for all diagnostic groups, except for a group of 'Other' diagnoses, which includes anxiety disorders, neurocognitive disorders, etc. Large-scale pandemics can modify voluntary admission rates to psychiatric facilities in the early phases following pandemic onset. We suggest that the reduction in admission rates may be due to fear of hospitals, seen as possible sites of contagion, as well as to a change in thresholds of behavioral problems acting as a trigger for admission requests from family relatives or referrals from treating clinicians. It is unclear from the study whether the reduction in admissions was contributed to most by the current pandemic or the lockdown imposed due to the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32381147, "pmcid": "PMC7248590", "title": "Respiratory surveillance wards as a strategy to reduce nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 through early detection: The experience of a tertiary-care hospital in Singapore.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wee, Liang En", "Hsieh, Jenny Yi Chen", "Phua, Ghee Chee", "Tan, Yuyang", "Conceicao, Edwin Philip", "Wijaya, Limin", "Tan, Thuan Tong", "Tan, Ban Hock"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381147", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with COVID-19 may present with respiratory syndromes indistinguishable from those caused by common viruses. Early isolation and containment is challenging. Although screening all patients with respiratory symptoms for COVID-19 has been recommended, the practicality of such an effort has yet to be assessed. Over a 6-week period during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, our institution introduced a \"respiratory surveillance ward\" (RSW) to segregate all patients with respiratory symptoms in designated areas, where appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) could be utilized until SARS-CoV-2 testing was done. Patients could be transferred when SARS-CoV-2 tests were negative on 2 consecutive occasions, 24 hours apart. Over the study period, 1,178 patients were admitted to the RSWs. The mean length-of-stay (LOS) was 1.89 days (SD, 1.23). Among confirmed cases of pneumonia admitted to the RSW, 5 of 310 patients (1.61%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. This finding was comparable to the pickup rate from our isolation ward. In total, 126 HCWs were potentially exposed to these cases; however, only 3 (2.38%) required quarantine because most used appropriate PPE. In addition, 13 inpatients overlapped with the index cases during their stay in the RSW; of these 13 exposed inpatients, 1 patient subsequently developed COVID-19 after exposure. No patient-HCW transmission was detected despite intensive surveillance. Our institution successfully utilized the strategy of an RSW over a 6-week period to contain a cluster of COVID-19 cases and to prevent patient-HCW transmission. However, this method was resource-intensive in terms of testing and bed capacity."}, {"pmid": 32380338, "pmcid": "PMC7198397", "title": "Letter to the Editor Regarding Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: Perspectives from the Bergamo Neurosurgery Department, and the Role of Radiosurgery as a Minimally Invasive Procedure for Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma in the Pandemic Outbreak.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Alvarez Pinzon, Andres M", "Wolf, Aizik L", "Delgado, Victor", "Valerio, Jose E", "Gonzalez, Arturo", "Alonso, Jose Ramon"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380338", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425325, "pmcid": "PMC7231489", "title": "Intra-arterial thrombosis associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Hamilton, Kirsten Victoria", "Hussey, Keith Kelso"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425325", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512471, "title": "What should we ask patients with epilepsy on telemedicine during the COVID-19 crisis? A checklist for clinicians.", "journal": "Epilepsy Behav", "authors": ["Kuroda, Naoto"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512471", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408776, "title": "Improving the quality of care in pregnancy and childbirth with coronavirus (COVID-19): a systematic review.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Abdollahpour, Sedigheh", "Khadivzadeh, Talat"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408776", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of serious coronavirus epidemic, it is critical that pregnant women not be ignored potentially life-saving interventions. So, this study was designed to improve the quality of care by health providers through what they need to know about coronavirus during pregnancy and childbirth. We conducted a systematic review of electronic databases was performed for published in English, before 25 March 2020. Finally, 29 papers which had covered the topic more appropriately were included in the study. The results of the systematic review of the existing literature are presented in the following nine sections: Symptoms of the COVID-19 in pregnancy, Pregnancy management, Delivery Management, Mode of delivery, Recommendations for health care provider in delivery, Neonatal outcomes, Neonatal care, Vertical Transmission, Breastfeeding. In conclusion, improving quality of care in maternal health, as well as educating, training, and supporting healthcare providers in infection management to be prioritized. Sharing data can help to countries that to prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with the COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32286552, "title": "Working in isolation to find a cure for COVID-19.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286552", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32003646, "pmcid": "PMC7194019", "title": "CT Imaging of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Lei, Junqiang", "Li, Junfeng", "Li, Xun", "Qi, Xiaolong"], "date": "2020-02-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32003646", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459289, "title": "Digital Smartphone Tracking for COVID-19: Public Health and Civil Liberties in Tension.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Cohen, I Glenn", "Gostin, Lawrence O", "Weitzner, Daniel J"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459289", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401673, "title": "Urgent reconsideration of lung edema as a preventable outcome in COVID-19: inhibition of TRPV4 represents a promising and feasible approach.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Kuebler, Wolfgang M", "Jordt, Sven-Eric", "Liedtke, Wolfgang B"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401673", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lethality of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the 2020 pandemic, currently still in the exponentially accelerating phase in most countries, is critically driven by disruption of the alveolo-capillary barrier of the lung, leading to lung edema as a direct consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We argue for inhibition of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) calcium-permeable ion channel as a strategy to address this issue, based on the rationale that TRPV4 inhibition is protective in various preclinical models of lung edema and that TRPV4 hyperactivation potently damages the alveolo-capillary barrier, with lethal outcome. We believe that TRPV4 inhibition has a powerful prospect at protecting this vital barrier in COVID-19 patients, even to rescue a damaged barrier. A clinical trial using a selective TRPV4 inhibitor demonstrated a benign safety profile in healthy volunteers and in patients suffering from cardiogenic lung edema. We argue for expeditious clinical testing of this inhibitor in COVID-19 patients with respiratory malfunction and at risk for lung edema. Perplexingly, among the currently pursued therapeutic strategies against COVID-19, none is designed to directly protect the alveolo-capillary barrier. Successful protection of the alveolo-capillary barrier will not only reduce COVID-19 lethality but will also preempt a distressing healthcare scenario with insufficient capacity to provide ventilator-assisted respiration."}, {"pmid": 32342870, "pmcid": "PMC7156232", "title": "Radiotherapy workflow and protection procedures during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: Experience of the Hubei Cancer Hospital in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Wei, Wei", "Zheng, Dandan", "Lei, Yu", "Wu, Shen", "Verma, Vivek", "Liu, Yongsheng", "Wei, Xueyan", "Bi, Jianping", "Hu, Desheng", "Han, Guang"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342870", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) first broke out in Wuhan in December 2019, and reached its peak in Wuhan in February 2020. It became a major public health challenge for China, and evolved into a global pandemic in March 2020. For radiation oncology departments, the COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique challenge for disease protection and prevention for both patients and staff, owing to the weakened immune systems of cancer patients and the need to deliver timely and uninterrupted radiotherapy. At the Hubei Cancer Hospital, the only hospital in Wuhan that specializes in oncology, we organized an emergency infection control team to lead special efforts to combat COVID-19 during this challenging time. Under its lead, the following measures were implemented in the radiation oncology department: the radiotherapy clinic was divided into different infection control zones with varying levels of protection; special staff and patient infection control training sessions were conducted and appropriate measures deployed; daily symptom testing criteria were implemented for patients undergoing treatment; special rotating schedules and infection control methods were implemented for various staff members such as medical physicists/dosimetrists and radiation therapists; modified radiotherapy workflow and specialized treatment area cleaning and disinfection policies and procedures were designed and executed; and special medical waste disposal methods were implemented. We began treating patients using this new COVID-19 radiotherapy treatment workflow and infection control measures on January 30, 2020. During more than one and a half months of uninterrupted radiation oncology clinical operation through the worst of the Wuhan outbreak, no known COVID-19 infection occurred at our radiotherapy center to our patients or employees. This report may provide valuable information for other radiation oncology departments during this unprecedented public health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32354796, "title": "ERAS protocols in gynecologic oncology during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Thomakos, Nikolaos", "Pandraklakis, Anastasios", "Bisch, Steven Peter", "Rodolakis, Alexandros", "Nelson, Gregg"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354796", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399501, "pmcid": "PMC7194223", "title": "Public activities preceding the onset of acute respiratory infection syndromes in adults in England - implications for the use of social distancing to control pandemic respiratory infections.", "journal": "Wellcome Open Res", "authors": ["Hayward, Andrew C", "Beale, Sarah", "Johnson, Anne M", "Fragaszy, Ellen B"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399501", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Social distancing measures may reduce the spread of emerging respiratory infections however, there is little empirical data on how exposure to crowded places affects risk of acute respiratory infection. Methods: We used a case-crossover design nested in a community cohort to compare self-reported measures of activities during the week before infection onset and baseline periods. The design eliminates the effect of non-time-varying confounders. Time-varying confounders were addressed by exclusion of illnesses around the Christmas period and seasonal adjustment.\u00a0 Results: 626 participants had paired data from the week before 1005 illnesses and the week before baseline. Each additional day of undertaking the following activities in the prior week was associated with illness onset: Spending more than five minutes in a room with someone (other than a household member) who has a cold (Seasonally adjusted OR 1\u00b715, p=0\u00b7003); use of underground trains (1\u00b731, p=0\u00b7036); use of supermarkets (1\u00b732, p<0\u00b7001); attending a theatre, cinema or concert (1\u00b726, p=0\u00b7032); eating out at a caf\u00e9, restaurant or canteen (1\u00b725, p=0\u00b7003); and attending parties (1\u00b747, p<0\u00b7001). Undertaking the following activities at least once in the previous week was associated with illness onset: using a bus, (aOR 1.48, p=0.049), shopping at small shops (1.9, p<0.002) attending a place of worship (1.81, p=0.005).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Conclusions: Exposure to potentially crowded places, public transport and to individuals with a cold increases risk of acquiring circulating acute respiratory infections. This suggests social distancing measures can have an important impact on slowing transmission of emerging respiratory infections."}, {"pmid": 32350479, "title": "Show evidence that apps for COVID-19 contact-tracing are secure and effective.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350479", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32187421, "pmcid": "PMC7228364", "title": "COVID-19: Social distancing, ACE 2 receptors, protease inhibitors and beyond?", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Thomson, George"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187421", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400879, "pmcid": "PMC7239148", "title": "Human factors and ergonomics at time of crises: the Italian experience coping with COVID19.", "journal": "Int J Qual Health Care", "authors": ["Albolino, Sara", "Dagliana, Giulia", "Tanzini, Michela", "Toccafondi, Giulio", "Beleffi, Elena", "Ranzani, Francesco", "Flore, Elisabetta"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400879", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several of the key organizational issues that we have had to face with the emergence of COVID-19 crisis are related to Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) and the safety culture. During the crisis the main activities of the healthcare services have been profoundly affected. Patient safety and risk management units have also experienced the need to adapt rapidly. What can we do as HFE experts, now that the scenario has completely changed? We contend that:We can favour and support the heuristics that are applied to manage the load of psycho-cognitive stress;We can observe, collect strategies and develop analytic schemes, thereby creating a memory of the organization for improvement in the future;And we can support in educating and engaging the public. This crisis has forced the community of healthcare experts to broaden their reflections: for the future to come, our communities of experts in the field of risk management HF/E, quality and safety of care and public health should play together an important role from the very beginning, from the time of peace."}, {"pmid": 32163140, "pmcid": "PMC7107560", "title": "Serial interval in determining the estimation of reproduction number of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Cao, Peihua", "Gao, Daozhou", "Zhuang, Zian", "Cai, Yongli", "Ran, Jinjun", "Chong, Marc K C", "Wang, Kai", "Lou, Yijun", "Wang, Weiming", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai", "Wang, Maggie H"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32163140", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279434, "pmcid": "PMC7262081", "title": "Precautions in ophthalmic practice in a hospital with the risk of COVID-19: experience from China.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Ma, Xiang", "Lin, Jingrong", "Fang, Shifeng"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279434", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520878, "title": "The Potential Impact & Availability of Sexual Health Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Sex Transm Dis", "authors": ["Nagendra, Gowri", "Carnevale, Caroline", "Neu, Natalie", "Cohall, Alwyn", "Zucker, Jason"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520878", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic causes upheaval in New York City (NYC), one consequence is the accessibility of sexual health services. The NYC STD Prevention Training Center at Columbia University administered an online provider survey to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the availability of sexual health care services regionally."}, {"pmid": 32390971, "pmcid": "PMC7193113", "title": "The Current and Future State of Vaccines, Antivirals and Gene Therapies Against Emerging Coronaviruses.", "journal": "Front Microbiol", "authors": ["Tse, Longping V", "Meganck, Rita M", "Graham, Rachel L", "Baric, Ralph S"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390971", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging coronaviruses (CoV) are constant global public health threats to society. Multiple ongoing clinical trials for vaccines and antivirals against CoVs showcase the availability of medical interventions to both prevent and treat the future emergence of highly pathogenic CoVs in human. However, given the diverse nature of CoVs and our close interactions with wild, domestic and companion animals, the next epidemic zoonotic CoV could resist the existing vaccines and antivirals developed, which are primarily focused on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV). In late 2019, the novel CoV (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, causing global public health concern. In this review, we will summarize the key advancements of current vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV as well as discuss the challenge and opportunity in the current SARS-CoV-2 crisis. At the end, we advocate the development of a \"plug-and-play\" platform technologies that could allow quick manufacturing and administration of broad-spectrum countermeasures in an outbreak setting. We will discuss the potential of AAV-based gene therapy technology for in vivo therapeutic antibody delivery to combat SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and the future emergence of severe CoVs."}, {"pmid": 32446936, "pmcid": "PMC7242192", "title": "Electron Microscopic Investigations in COVID-19: Not all Crowns Are Coronas.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Roufosse, Candice", "Curtis, Elizabeth", "Moran, Linda", "Hollinshead, Michael", "Cook, Terry", "Hanley, Brian", "Horsfield, Catherine", "Neil, Desley"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446936", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467494, "title": "In response to: Simpson R and Robinson L: Rehabilitation following critical illness in people with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Mammi, Patrizia", "Ranza, Elena", "Petraglia, Federica", "Rampello, Anais", "Fabio, Pessina", "Zaccaria, Barbara", "Antonio, Marcato", "Monica, Nora", "Brianti, Rodolfo"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467494", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328285, "pmcid": "PMC7168565", "title": "Pharmacists at the frontline beating the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Pharm Policy Pract", "authors": ["Bukhari, Nadia", "Rasheed, Huma", "Nayyer, Bismah", "Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328285", "countries": ["United Kingdom", "Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the lockdowns are being observed all over the globe and the national level pharmacy professionals are performing frontline roles, this editorial highlights the role of pharmacists in the COVID -\u200919 pandemic. Pharmacists globally are providing services amidst pandemic, including TRIAGE services, seeing patients and reducing the patients' burden on health care facilities such as hospitals and GP practices. Pharmacists are also working to providing home deliveries, as well as dealing with the increasing number of patients coming through to pharmacies with the other ailments. Pharmacy associations have issued their guidelines and in this editorial, several global examples of pharmacists' role in the COVID 19 are being discussed. Pakistan is used as a country case study in this editorial. The editorial also elaborates how pharmacists in the UK and Pakistan have teamed up together to compile 10-steps protection guidelines for the pharmacy teams in Pakistan in English and Urdu language. This 10-point guidance educates community pharmacies for safety and standard operation as the number of patients in the country continues to rise. These guidelines are endorsed by the government and private bodies. These can be adopted and adapted by any country; keeping in view their laws and regulations."}, {"pmid": 32244041, "pmcid": "PMC7118597", "title": "Shell disorder analysis predicts greater resilience of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) outside the body and in body fluids.", "journal": "Microb Pathog", "authors": ["Goh, Gerard Kian-Meng", "Dunker, A Keith", "Foster, James A", "Uversky, Vladimir N"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244041", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (CoV) family consists of viruses that infects a variety of animals including humans with various levels of respiratory and fecal-oral transmission levels depending on the behavior of the viruses' natural hosts and optimal viral fitness. A model to classify and predict the levels of respective respiratory and fecal-oral transmission potentials of the various viruses was built before the outbreak of MERS-CoV using AI and empirically-based molecular tools to predict the disorder level of proteins. Using the percentages of intrinsic disorder (PID) of the nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins of CoV, the model easily clustered the viruses into three groups with the SARS-CoV (M PID\u00a0=\u00a08%, N PID\u00a0=\u00a050%) falling into Category B, in which viruses have intermediate levels of both respiratory and fecal-oral transmission potentials. Later, MERS-CoV (M PID\u00a0=\u00a09%, N PID\u00a0=\u00a044%) was found to be in Category C, which consists of viruses with lower respiratory transmission potential but with higher fecal-oral transmission capabilities. Based on the peculiarities of disorder distribution, the SARS-CoV-2 (M PID\u00a0=\u00a06%, N PID\u00a0=\u00a048%) has to be placed in Category B. Our data show however, that the SARS-CoV-2 is very strange with one of the hardest protective outer shell, (M PID\u00a0=\u00a06%) among coronaviruses. This means that it might be expected to be highly resilient in saliva or other body fluids and outside the body. An infected body is likelier to shed greater numbers of viral particles since the latter is more resistant to antimicrobial enzymes in body fluids. These particles are also likelier to remain active longer. These factors could account for the greater contagiousness of the SARS-CoV-2 and have implications for efforts to prevent its spread."}, {"pmid": 32511100, "title": "United States distribution of patients at risk for complications related to COVID-19.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Smith-Ray, Renae", "Roberts, Erin E", "Littleton, Devonee E", "Singh, Tanya", "Sandberg, Thomas", "Taitel, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511100", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 virus has spread exponentially across the United States. Older adults with underlying health conditions are at especially high risk of developing life-threatening complications if infected. Most ICU admissions and non-ICU hospitalizations have been among patients with at least one underlying health condition. This study developed a model to estimate the risk status of patients of a nationwide pharmacy chain in the US and to identify the geographic distribution of patients who are at the highest risk of severe COVID-19 complications. A risk model was developed using a training test split approach to identify patients who are at high-risk of developing serious complications from COVID-19. Adult patients (age 18+) were identified from the Walgreens pharmacy electronic data warehouse. Patients were considered eligible to contribute data to the model if they had at least one prescription filled at a Walgreens location between October 27, 2019 and March 25, 2020. Risk parameters included age, whether the patient is being treated for a serious or chronic condition, and urban density classification. Parameters were differentially weighted based on their association with severe complications reported in earlier cases. An at-risk rate per 1000 population was calculated at the county level, and ESRI ArcMap was used to depict rate of patients at high risk for severe complications from COVID-19. Real-time COVID-19 cases captured by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) was layered in the risk map to show where cases exist relative to the high risk populations. Of the 29,824,409 adults included in this study, the average age is 55 years old, 15% have at least one specialty medication, and the average patient has 2 to 3 comorbidities. Nearly 20% of patients have the greatest risk score, and an additional 26.58% of patients are considered high risk with a scores of 8 - 10. Age accounts for 53% of a patient's total risk, followed by the number of comorbidities (30%), inferred COPD, Hypertension, or Diabetes (14%), and urban density classification (4%). This risk model utilizes data from approximately 10% of the US population. Currently, this is the most comprehensive US model to estimate and depict county-level prognosis of COVID-19 infection. This study shows that there are counties across the US whose residents are at high risk of developing severe complications from COVID-19. Our county-level risk estimates may be used alongside other data sets to improve the accuracy of anticipated healthcare resource needs. The interactive map can also aid in proactive planning and preparations among employers that are deemed critical, such as pharmacies and grocery stores to prevent the spread of COVID-19 within their facilities. "}, {"pmid": 32504198, "pmcid": "PMC7274268", "title": "The burden of thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19: charting the uncharted.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Landi, Antonio", "De Servi, Stefano"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504198", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482653, "title": "No SLE with COVID-19 in Hong Kong: the effect of masking?", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["So, Ho", "Mak, Joyce Wing Yan", "Tam, Lai-Shan"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482653", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interests the report by Favalli on the incidence of COVID-19 in Italian patients with connective tissue diseases [1]. None of the 61 patients with SLE surveyed was confirmed to have COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32524223, "title": "Dynamic evolution of COVID-19 on chest computed tomography: experience from Jiangsu Province of China.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Wang, Yuan-Cheng", "Luo, Huanyuan", "Liu, Songqiao", "Huang, Shan", "Zhou, Zhen", "Yu, Qian", "Zhang, Shijun", "Zhao, Zhen", "Yu, Yizhou", "Yang, Yi", "Wang, Duolao", "Ju, Shenghong"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524223", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the patterns of chest computed tomography (CT) evolution according to disease severity in a large coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cohort in Jiangsu Province, China. This retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 10, 2020, to February 18, 2020. All patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Jiangsu Province were included, retrospectively. Quantitative CT measurements of pulmonary opacities including volume, density, and location were extracted by deep learning algorithm. Dynamic evolution of these measurements was investigated from symptom onset (day 1) to beyond day 15. Comparison was made between severity groups. A total of 484 patients (median age of 47\u00a0years, interquartile range 33-57) with 954 CT examinations were included, and each was assigned to one of the three groups: asymptomatic/mild (n\u2009=\u200963), moderate (n\u2009=\u2009378), severe/critically ill (n\u2009=\u200943). Time series showed different evolution patterns of CT measurements in the groups. Following disease onset, posteroinferior subpleural area of the lung was the most common location for pulmonary opacities. Opacity volume continued to increase beyond 15\u00a0days in the severe/critically ill group, compared with peaking on days 13-15 in the moderate group. Asymptomatic/mild group had the lowest opacity volume which almost resolved after 15\u00a0days. The opacity density began to drop from day 10 to day 12 for moderately ill patients. Volume, density, and location of the pulmonary opacity and their evolution on CT varied with disease severity in COVID-19. These findings are valuable in understanding the nature of the disease and monitoring the patient's condition during the course of illness. \u2022 Volume, density, and location of the pulmonary opacity on CT change over time in COVID-19. \u2022 The evolution of CT appearance follows specific pattern, varying with disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32531538, "pmcid": "PMC7274964", "title": "Is hesperidin essential for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 Infection?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Haggag, Yusuf A", "El-Ashmawy, Nahla E", "Okasha, Kamal M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531538", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 is representing the major global burden that implicated more than 4.7\u00a0million infected cases and 310\u00a0thousand deaths worldwide in less than 6\u00a0months. The prevalence of this pandemic disease is expected to rise every day. The challenge is to control its rapid spread meanwhile looking for a specific treatment to improve patient outcomes. Hesperidin is a classical herbal medicine used worldwide for a long time with an excellent safety profile. Hesperidin is a well-known herbal medication used as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Available shreds of evidence support the promising use of hesperidin in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID 19. Herein, we discuss the possible prophylactic and treatment mechanisms of hesperidin based on previous and recent findings. Hesperidin can block coronavirus from entering host cells through ACE2 receptors which can prevent the infection. Anti-viral activity of hesperidin might constitute a treatment option for COVID-19 through improving host cellular immunity against infection and its good anti-inflammatory activity may help in controlling cytokine storm. Hesperidin mixture with diosmin co-administrated with heparin protect against venous thromboembolism which may prevent disease progression. Based on that, hesperidin might be used as a meaningful prophylactic agent and a promising adjuvant treatment option against SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32328727, "pmcid": "PMC7178099", "title": "Are subpleural consolidations indicators for segmental pulmonary embolism in COVID-19?", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Zotzmann, Viviane", "Lang, Corinna N", "Bamberg, Fabian", "Bode, Christoph", "Staudacher, Dawid L"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328727", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398889, "pmcid": "PMC7214293", "title": "Epidemiological studies on COVID-19 pandemic in India: Too little and too late?", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Gandhi P, Aravind", "Kathirvel, Soundappan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398889", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32178716, "pmcid": "PMC7077011", "title": "Coronavirus: just imagine....", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Vincent, Jean-Louis", "Slutsky, Arthur S"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178716", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496292, "title": "Pause, Persist, Pivot: Key Decisions Health Professions Education Researchers Must Make About Conducting Studies During Extreme Events.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["O'Brien, Bridget C", "Teherani, Arianne", "Boscardin, Christy K", "O'Sullivan, Patricia S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496292", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When extreme events occur some research becomes a clear priority, but what becomes of all other research? Does it stop indefinitely, or can it be paused with plans to resume, persist with modifications, or pivot to address new priorities? Facing this dilemma and witnessing it among their fellow health professions education researchers, the authors recognized a need for guidance. This commentary presents a framework, organized as key questions related to the research stage and process, to assist health professions education researchers in making decisions about how to proceed with research that was planned or in progress when an extreme event occurred. Although at the time of this writing, the COVID-19 pandemic was the extreme event at hand, the authors intentionally created questions and discussed considerations that can be helpful for thinking through decisions in a variety of disruptions in health professions education research-many of which require similar difficult decisions and creative solutions to carry important research forward and maintain high quality."}, {"pmid": 32383269, "pmcid": "PMC7267663", "title": "In silico studies on the comparative characterization of the interactions of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein with ACE-2 receptor homologs and human TLRs.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Choudhury, Abhigyan", "Mukherjee, Suprabhat"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383269", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak due to novel coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has come out as a major threat for mankind in recent times. It is continually taking an enormous toll on mankind by means of increasing number of deaths, associated comorbidities, and socioeconomic loss around the globe. Unavailability of chemotherapeutics/vaccine has posed tremendous challenges to scientists and doctors for developing an urgent therapeutic strategy. In this connection, the present in silico study aims to understand the sequence divergence of spike protein (the major infective protein of SARS-CoV-2), its mode of interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor (ACE2) receptor of human and related animal hosts/reservoir. Moreover, the involvement of the human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) against the spike protein has also been demonstrated. Our data indicated that the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 is phylogenetically close to bat coronavirus and strongly binds with ACE2 receptor protein from both human and bat origin. We have also found that cell surface TLRs, especially TLR4 is most likely to be involved in recognizing molecular patterns from SARS-CoV-2 to induce inflammatory responses. The present study supported the zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2 from a bat and also revealed that TLR4 may have a crucial role in the virus-induced inflammatory consequences associated with COVID-19. Therefore, selective targeting of TLR4-spike protein interaction by designing competitive TLR4-antagonists could pave a new way to treat COVID-19. Finally, this study is expected to improve our understanding on the immunobiology of SARS-CoV-2 and could be useful in adopting spike protein, ACE2, or TLR-guided intervention strategy against COVID-19 shortly."}, {"pmid": 32495147, "pmcid": "PMC7269687", "title": "Characteristic of COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients: early findings from two Italian Pediatric Research Networks.", "journal": "Eur J Pediatr", "authors": ["Parri, Niccolo", "Magista, Anna Maria", "Marchetti, Federico", "Cantoni, Barbara", "Arrighini, Alberto", "Romanengo, Marta", "Felici, Enrico", "Urbino, Antonio", "Da Dalt, Liviana", "Verdoni, Lucio", "Armocida, Benedetta", "Covi, Benedetta", "Mariani, Ilaria", "Giacchero, Roberta", "Musolino, Anna Maria", "Binotti, Marco", "Biban, Paolo", "Fasoli, Silvia", "Pilotto, Chiara", "Nicoloso, Flavia", "Raggi, Massimiliano", "Miorin, Elisabetta", "Buonsenso, Danilo", "Chiossi, Massimo", "Agostiniani, Rino", "Plebani, Anna", "Barbieri, Maria Antonietta", "Lanari, Marcello", "Arrigo, Serena", "Zoia, Elena", "Lenge, Matteo", "Masi, Stefano", "Barbi, Egidio", "Lazzerini, Marzia"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495147", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Detailed data on clinical presentations and outcomes of children with COVID-19 in Europe are still lacking. In this descriptive study, we report on 130 children with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosed by 28 centers (mostly hospitals), in 10 regions in Italy, during the first months of the pandemic. Among these, 67 (51.5%) had a relative with COVID-19 while 34 (26.2%) had comorbidities, with the most frequent being respiratory, cardiac, or neuromuscular chronic diseases. Overall, 98 (75.4%) had an asymptomatic or mild disease, 11 (8.5%) had moderate disease, 11 (8.5%) had a severe disease, and 9 (6.9%) had a critical presentation with infants below 6\u00a0months having significantly increased risk of critical disease severity (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 29.1). Seventy-five (57.7%) children were hospitalized, 15 (11.5%) needed some respiratory support, and nine (6.9%) were treated in an intensive care unit. All recovered.Conclusion:This descriptive case series of children with COVID-19, mostly encompassing of cases enrolled at hospital level, suggest that COVID-19 may have a non-negligible rate of severe presentations in selected pediatric populations with a relatively high rates of comorbidities. More studies are needed to further understand the presentation and outcomes of children with COVID-19 in children with special needs.What is Known:\u2022 There is limited evidence on the clinical presentation and outcomes of children with COVID-19 in Europe, and almost no evidence on characteristics and risk factors of severe cases.What is New:\u2022 Among a case series of 130 children, mostly diagnosed at hospital level, and with a relatively high rate (26.2%) of comorbidities, about three-quarter had an asymptomatic or mild disease.\u2022 However, 57.7% were hospitalized, 11.5% needed some respiratory support, and 6.9% were treated in an intensive care unit."}, {"pmid": 32356626, "pmcid": "PMC7206931", "title": "Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Mehra, Mandeep R", "Desai, Sapan S", "Kuy, SreyRam", "Henry, Timothy D", "Patel, Amit N"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356626", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) may disproportionately affect people with cardiovascular disease. Concern has been aroused regarding a potential harmful effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in this clinical context. Using an observational database from 169 hospitals in Asia, Europe, and North America, we evaluated the relationship of cardiovascular disease and drug therapy with in-hospital death among hospitalized patients with Covid-19 who were admitted between December 20, 2019, and March 15, 2020, and were recorded in the Surgical Outcomes Collaborative registry as having either died in the hospital or survived to discharge as of March 28, 2020. Of the 8910 patients with Covid-19 for whom discharge status was available at the time of the analysis, a total of 515 died in the hospital (5.8%) and 8395 survived to discharge. The factors we found to be independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death were an age greater than 65 years (mortality of 10.0%, vs. 4.9% among those \u226465 years of age; odds ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60 to 2.41), coronary artery disease (10.2%, vs. 5.2% among those without disease; odds ratio, 2.70; 95% CI, 2.08 to 3.51), heart failure (15.3%, vs. 5.6% among those without heart failure; odds ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.62 to 3.79), cardiac arrhythmia (11.5%, vs. 5.6% among those without arrhythmia; odds ratio, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.86), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.2%, vs. 5.6% among those without disease; odds ratio, 2.96; 95% CI, 2.00 to 4.40), and current smoking (9.4%, vs. 5.6% among former smokers or nonsmokers; odds ratio, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.47). No increased risk of in-hospital death was found to be associated with the use of ACE inhibitors (2.1% vs. 6.1%; odds ratio, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.54) or the use of ARBs (6.8% vs. 5.7%; odds ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.74). Our study confirmed previous observations suggesting that underlying cardiovascular disease is associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death among patients hospitalized with Covid-19. Our results did not confirm previous concerns regarding a potential harmful association of ACE inhibitors or ARBs with in-hospital death in this clinical context. (Funded by the William Harvey Distinguished Chair in Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital.)."}, {"pmid": 32245835, "title": "Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19: Current Issues and Challenges.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Tang, Yi-Wei", "Schmitz, Jonathan E", "Persing, David H", "Stratton, Charles W"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245835", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has had a major impact on clinical microbiology laboratories in the past several months. This commentary covers current issues and challenges for the laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In the preanalytical stage, collecting the proper respiratory tract specimen at the right time from the right anatomic site is essential for a prompt and accurate molecular diagnosis of COVID-19. Appropriate measures are required to keep laboratory staff safe while producing reliable test results. In the analytic stage, real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays remain the molecular test of choice for the etiologic diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection while antibody-based techniques are being introduced as supplemental tools. In the postanalytical stage, testing results should be carefully interpreted using both molecular and serological findings. Finally, random-access, integrated devices available at the point of care with scalable capacities will facilitate the rapid and accurate diagnosis and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infections and greatly assist in the control of this outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32447085, "pmcid": "PMC7255271", "title": "Protect the vulnerable from extreme heat during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Martinez, G S", "Linares, C", "de'Donato, F", "Diaz, J"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447085", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466735, "title": "Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients With a History of Stroke in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Qin, Chuan", "Zhou, Luoqi", "Hu, Ziwei", "Yang, Sheng", "Zhang, Shuoqi", "Chen, Man", "Yu, Haihan", "Tian, Dai-Shi", "Wang, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466735", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Information on stroke survivors infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. The aim of this study was to describe specific clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 with a history of stroke. All the confirmed cases of COVID-19 at Tongji Hospital from January 27 to March 5, 2020, were included in our cohort study. Clinical data were analyzed and compared between patients with and without a history of stroke. Of the included 1875 patients with COVID-19, 50 patients had a history of stroke. The COVID-19 patients with medical history of stroke were older with more comorbidities, had higher neutrophil count, and lower lymphocyte and platelet counts than those without history of stroke. The levels of D-dimers, cardiac troponin I, NT pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and interleukin-6 were also markedly higher in patients with history of stroke. Stroke survivors who underwent COVID-19 developed more acute respiratory distress syndrome and received more noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Data from propensity-matched analysis indicated a higher proportion of patients with COVD-19 with a history of stroke were admitted to the intensive care unit requiring mechanical ventilation and were more likely to be held in the unit or die, compared with non-stroke history COVID-19 patients. Patients with COVID-19 with a history of stroke had more severe clinical symptoms and poorer outcomes compared with those without a history of stroke."}, {"pmid": 32119980, "pmcid": "PMC7129026", "title": "Is Africa prepared for tackling the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Lessons from past outbreaks, ongoing pan-African public health efforts, and implications for the future.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kapata, Nathan", "Ihekweazu, Chikwe", "Ntoumi, Francine", "Raji, Tajudeen", "Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina", "Mwaba, Peter", "Mukonka, Victor", "Bates, Matthew", "Tembo, John", "Corman, Victor", "Mfinanga, Sayoki", "Asogun, Danny", "Elton, Linzy", "Arruda, Lia Barbara", "Thomason, Margaret J", "Mboera, Leonard", "Yavlinsky, Alexei", "Haider, Najmul", "Simons, David", "Hollmann, Lara", "Lule, Swaib A", "Veas, Francisco", "Abdel Hamid, Muzamil Mahdi", "Dar, Osman", "Edwards, Sarah", "Vairo, Francesco", "McHugh, Timothy D", "Drosten, Christian", "Kock, Richard", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119980", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227916, "pmcid": "PMC7123821", "title": "Nano Research for COVID-19.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Chan, Warren C W"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227916", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513865, "title": "Genomic surveillance reveals multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into Northern California.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Deng, Xianding", "Gu, Wei", "Federman, Scot", "du Plessis, Louis", "Pybus, Oliver G", "Faria, Nuno", "Wang, Candace", "Yu, Guixia", "Bushnell, Brian", "Pan, Chao-Yang", "Guevara, Hugo", "Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Alicia", "Zorn, Kelsey", "Gopez, Allan", "Servellita, Venice", "Hsu, Elaine", "Miller, Steve", "Bedford, Trevor", "Greninger, Alexander L", "Roychoudhury, Pavitra", "Starita, Lea M", "Famulare, Michael", "Chu, Helen Y", "Shendure, Jay", "Jerome, Keith R", "Anderson, Catie", "Gangavarapu, Karthik", "Zeller, Mark", "Spencer, Emily", "Andersen, Kristian G", "MacCannell, Duncan", "Paden, Clinton R", "Li, Yan", "Zhang, Jing", "Tong, Suxiang", "Armstrong, Gregory", "Morrow, Scott", "Willis, Matthew", "Matyas, Bela T", "Mase, Sundari", "Kasirye, Olivia", "Park, Maggie", "Masinde, Godfred", "Chan, Curtis", "Yu, Alexander T", "Chai, Shua J", "Villarino, Elsa", "Bonin, Brandon", "Wadford, Debra A", "Chiu, Charles Y"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513865", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally, with >52,000 cases in California as of May 4, 2020. Here we investigate the genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Northern California from late January to mid-March 2020, using samples from 36 patients spanning 9 counties and the Grand Princess cruise ship. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the cryptic introduction of at least 7 different SARS-CoV-2 lineages into California, including epidemic WA1 strains associated with Washington State, with lack of a predominant lineage and limited transmission between communities. Lineages associated with outbreak clusters in 2 counties were defined by a single base substitution in the viral genome. These findings support contact tracing, social distancing, and travel restrictions to contain SARS-CoV-2 spread in California and other states."}, {"pmid": 32493475, "pmcid": "PMC7267766", "title": "A randomized multicenter clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin in the prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in high-risk contacts (MeCOVID Trial): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Garcia, Irene Garcia", "Rodriguez-Rubio, Miguel", "Mariblanca, Amelia Rodriguez", "de Soto, Lucia Martinez", "Garcia, Lucia Diaz", "Villatoro, Jaime Monserrat", "Parada, Javier Queiruga", "Meseguer, Enrique Seco", "Rosales, Maria J", "Gonzalez, Juan", "Arribas, Jose R", "Carcas, Antonio J", "de la Oliva, Pedro", "Borobia, Alberto M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493475", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Primary objective: to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin as a prophylactic treatment on prevention of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Secondary objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of melatonin as a prophylactic treatment on prevention of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.To evaluate the efficacy of melatonin to prevent the development of severe COVID-19 in the participants enrolled in this study who develop SARS-CoV-2 infection along the trial.To evaluate the duration of COVID-19 symptoms in participants receiving melatonin before the infection.To evaluate seroconversion timing post-symptom onset. Exploratory objectives:To compare severity of COVID-19 between men and women.To evaluate the influence of sleep and diet on prevention from SARS-CoV-2 infection.To evaluate the effect of melatonin on the incidence and characteristics of lymphopenia and increase of inflammatory cytokines related to COVID-19. This is a two-arm parallel randomised double-blind controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin versus placebo in the prophylaxis of coronavirus disease 2019 among healthcare workers. Inclusion Criteria: Male or female participants \u2265 18 and \u2264 80 years of age.Healthcare workers from the public and private Spanish hospital network at risk of SARS-CoV 2 infection.Not having a previous COVID19 diagnosis.Understanding the purpose of the trial and not having taken any pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) including HIV PrEP from March 1st 2020 until study enrolment.Having a negative SARS-CoV 2 reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) result or a negative serologic rapid test (IgM/IgG) result before randomization.Premenopausal women must have a negative urinary pregnancy test in the 7 days before starting the trial treatment.Premenopausal women and males with premenopausal couples must commit to using a high efficiency anticonceptive method. HIV infection.Active hepatitis B infection.Renal failure (CrCl < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or need for hemodialysis.Osteoporosis.Myasthenia gravis.Pre-existent maculopathy.Retinitis pigmentosa.Bradycardia (less than 50 bpm).Weight less than 40 Kg.Participant with any immunosuppressive condition or hematological disease.Treatment with drugs that may prolong QT in the last month before randomization for more than 7 days including: azithromycin, chlorpromazine, cisapride, clarithromycin, domperidone, droperidol, erythromycin, halofantrine, haloperidol, lumefantrine, mefloquine, methadone, pentamidine, procainamide, quinidine, quinine, sotalol, sparfloxacin, thioridazine, amiodarone.Hereditary intolerance to galactose, Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose or galactose malabsorption.Treatment with fluvoxamine.Treatment with benzodiazepines or benzodiazepine analogues such as zolpidem, zopiclone or zaleplon.Pregnancy.Breastfeeding.History of potentially immune derived diseases such as: lupus, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, vasculitis or rheumatoid arthritis.Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Known history of hypersensitivity to the study drug or any of its components.Patients that should not be included in the study at the judgment of the research team. Participants will be recruited from the following eight hospitals in Madrid, Spain: Hospital Universitario La Paz, Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Hospital Infanta Sof\u00eda, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, Hospital Central de la defensa G\u00f3mez Ulla,Hospital de La Princesa and Hospital Infanta Leonor. Experimental: Melatonin (Circadin\u00ae, Exeltis Healthcare, Spain): 2 mg of melatonin orally before bedtime for 12 weeks. Comparator: Identical looking placebo (Laboratorios Liconsa, Spain) orally before bedtime for 12 weeks. Number of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) symptomatic infections confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test or serologic test or according to each centre diagnosis protocol. Primary outcome will be measured until the end of treatment for each participant (until the date of the last dose taken by each patient). Patients who meet all inclusion and no exclusion criteria will be randomised, stratified by centres, sex and age (<50 and \u2265 50 years old). The randomisation sequence was created using SAS version 9.4 statistical software (procedure 'PROC PLAN') with a 1:1 allocation. No randomisation seed was specified. The randomisation seed was generated taking the hour of the computer where the program was executed. Randomization will be done centrally through the electronic system RedCAP\u00ae in order to conceal the sequence until interventions are assigned BLINDING (MASKING): Participants, caregivers, and those assessing the outcomes are blinded to group assignment. A total of 450 participants are planned to be enrolled in this clinical trial, 225 in the experimental arm and 225 in the placebo arm. Protocol version 3.0, 17th of April 2020. Recruitment ongoing. First participant was recruited on the 21st of April 2020. The final participant is anticipated to be recruited on the 31st of May 2020. As of May 18th, 2020, a total of 312 participants have been enrolled (154 at Hospital La Paz, 85 at Hospital Infanta Sof\u00eda and 73 at Hospital 12 de Octubre). EU Clinical Trials Register: 2020-001530-35; Date of trial registration: 13th of April 2020; https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-001530-35/ES FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32489136, "pmcid": "PMC7270572", "title": "COVID-19 quarantine: Post-traumatic stress symptomatology among Lebanese citizens.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Fawaz, Mirna", "Samaha, Ali"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489136", "countries": ["Lebanon"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the light of the global spread of the novel Coronavirus known as COVID-19 and in the absence of an approved treatment and vaccination, Lebanon has taken national measures, among which was home quarantine of the general public in an attempt to flatten the epidemic curve and avoid flooding the health care system. This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS) during the times of COVID-19 quarantine among Lebanese citizens. This quantitative cross-sectional study recruited 950 civilians and is aimed at measuring the prevalence of PTSS among the Lebanese citizens at an interval of 2\u2009weeks and 1\u2009month of COVID-19 quarantine. The results have shown that quarantine in Lebanon has started to give rise to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder symptomatology during the second week which was worsened in the fourth week of COVID-19 quarantine. COVID-19 quarantine has influenced the psychology of Lebanese citizens and might have persistent effects after the end of this phase which is recommended to be explored."}, {"pmid": 32227121, "pmcid": "PMC7184327", "title": "The Late Arrival of COVID-19 in Africa - Mitigating Pan-Continental Spread.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nachega, Jean B", "Seydi, Moussa", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227121", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456886, "pmcid": "PMC7237912", "title": "Is termination of early pregnancy indicated in women with COVID-19?", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Wu, Yan-Ting", "Li, Cheng", "Zhang, Chen-Jie", "Huang, He-Feng"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456886", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410706, "pmcid": "PMC7222521", "title": "Transport of COVID-19 and other highly contagious patients by helicopter and fixed-wing air ambulance: a narrative review and experience of the Swiss air rescue Rega.", "journal": "Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med", "authors": ["Albrecht, Roland", "Knapp, Jurgen", "Theiler, Lorenz", "Eder, Marcus", "Pietsch, Urs"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410706", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic highlights the challenges air ambulance services are facing when transporting highly infectious patients for several hours in enclosed spaces. This overview provides an example of a standard operating procedure (SOP) for infection prevention measures in HEMS missions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we describe different methods used by several organizations in Europe and the experience of the Swiss air rescue organization Rega in transporting these patients. Possible benefits of the use of small patient isolation units (PIU) are discussed, including the fact that accompanying medical personnel do not need to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) during the transport but can still maintain full access to the patient. Rega has developed and patented its own PIU. This device allows spontaneously breathing or mechanically ventilated patients to be transported in pressurized jet cabins, small helicopters and ambulance vehicles, without the need to change between transport units. This PIU is unique, as it remains air-tight even when there is a sudden loss of cabin pressure. A wide variety of means are being used for the aeromedical transport of infectious patients. These involve isolating either the patient or the medical crew. One benefit of PIUs is that the means of transport can be easily changed without contaminating the surroundings and while still allowing access to the patient."}, {"pmid": 32423554, "pmcid": "PMC7195102", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 and the cardiovascular system: Impacts and implications.", "journal": "Indian Heart J", "authors": ["Gupta, Mohit D", "Girish, M P", "Yadav, Geetika", "Shankar, Abhishek", "Yadav, Rakesh"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423554", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472069, "title": "Questions remain following first COVID-19 vaccine results.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Sheridan, Cormac"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472069", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283242, "pmcid": "PMC7151432", "title": "Recommendations on dermatologic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Der Sarkissian, Samuel Antranig", "Kim, Leo", "Veness, Michael", "Yiasemides, Eleni", "Sebaratnam, Deshan Frank"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283242", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434818, "title": "Comorbidities and rheumatological diseases at the time of COVID-19. Response to: 'Rheumatic diseases in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19' by Moiseev et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434818", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417135, "pmcid": "PMC7224678", "title": "Complement activation in patients with COVID-19: A novel therapeutic target.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Cugno, Massimo", "Meroni, Pier Luigi", "Gualtierotti, Roberta", "Griffini, Samantha", "Grovetti, Elena", "Torri, Adriana", "Panigada, Mauro", "Aliberti, Stefano", "Blasi, Francesco", "Tedesco, Francesco", "Peyvandi, Flora"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417135", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245874, "title": "Coping with Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Pearson, Caroline"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245874", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207591, "title": "[CT imaging features of patients with different clinical types of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Zhong, Qi", "Li, Zhi", "Shen, Xiaoyong", "Xu, Kaijin", "Shen, Yihong", "Fang, Qiang", "Chen, Feng", "Liang, Tingbo"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207591", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the CT findings of patients with different clinical types of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 67 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 by nucleic acid testing were included and divided into 4 groups according to the clinical staging based on Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial version 6). The CT imaging characteristics were analyzed among patients with different clinical types. Among 67 patients, 3 (4.5%) were mild cases, 35 (52.2%) were ordinary cases, 22 (32.8%) were severe cases, and 7 (10.4%) were critically ill. There were no abnormal CT findings in mild cases. In 35 ordinary cases, there were single lesions in 3 cases (8.6%) and multiple lesions in 33 cases (91.4%), while in severe case 1 case had single lesion (4.5%) and 21 had multiple lesions (95.5%). CT images of ordinary patients were mainly manifested as solid plaque shadow and halo sign (18/35, 51.4%); while fibrous strip shadow with ground glass shadow was more frequent in severe cases (7/22, 31.8%). Consolidation shadow as the main lesion was observed in 7 cases, and all of them were severe or critical ill patients. CT images in patients with different clinical types of COVID-19 have characteristic manifestations, and solid shadow may predict severe and critical illness."}, {"pmid": 32234107, "pmcid": "PMC7156568", "title": "Epidemiologic Features of 135 Patients With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Tianjin, China.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Cao, Chunxia", "Li, Yue", "Liu, Shuyu", "Fan, Haojun", "Hao, Liangchen"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234107", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study describes the epidemiologic features of an outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Tianjin caused by a novel coronavirus and provides the scientific basis for prevention and control measures. Data from COVID-19 cases were collected from daily notifications given to the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and Tianjin Health Committee. All of the data were analyzed with SPSS, version 24.0 software (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). As of February 24, 2020, there have been 135 confirmed cases, 3 deaths, and 87 recoveries in Tianjin, China. The incidence of COVID-19 was 8.65/1 000 000 with a 2.22% case fatality rate. Regarding geographic distribution, the incidence was 8.82 per 1 000 000 in urban areas and 8.00 per 1 000 000 in suburbs. During the early stage of the epidemic, most cases came from urban areas and in patients with a history of sojourning in Hubei Province. The majority of patients were 31-70 years old (75.97%). A familial clustering was the most important characteristic of COVID-19 (accounting for 74.81%). Current information suggests that people are generally susceptible to COVID-19, which has shown a familial clustering in Tianjin."}, {"pmid": 32507465, "title": "Communication with Patients and Families Regarding Health Care-Associated Exposure to Coronavirus 2019: A Checklist to Facilitate Disclosure.", "journal": "Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf", "authors": ["Sivashanker, Karthik", "Mendu, Mallika L", "Wickner, Paige", "Hartley, Tricia", "Desai, Sonali", "Fiumara, Karen", "Resnick, Andrew", "Salmasian, Hojjat"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507465", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503657, "pmcid": "PMC7273382", "title": "The Mechanism and Clinical Outcome of patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 Whose Nucleic Acid Test has changed from negative to positive, and the therapeutic efficacy of Favipiravir: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Li, Jiawen", "Zhang, Chi", "Wu, Zhao", "Wang, Guiqiang", "Zhao, Hong"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503657", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A variety of possible mechanisms can make the nucleic acid test of patients who meet the discharge conditions positive again, including reinfection, reactivation of the original virus, lack of strict discharge criteria, new infection, and so on. Different reasons will correspond to different prevention and control measures. We will enroll patients who are discharged after treatment, whose nucleic acid test has changed from negative to positive during the screening visit, regardless of the severity of the symptoms, to investigate the mechanism, clinical outcome and therapeutic efficacy with Favipiravir patients with Corona virus Disease 2019. Favipiravir is an anti-viral agent that selectively and potently inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, it has been used for treatment of some life-threatening infections such as Ebola virus, Lassa virus and rabies. Its therapeutic efficacy has been proven in these diseases. This is a multi-center, two arm, open label, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria: 1.Adults 18 to 80 years, male or female.2.After the first diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, the nucleic acid test of respiratory specimens such as sputum or nasopharyngeal swabs, has been negative for two consecutive times (sampling time interval of at least 24 hours), in accordance with the COVID-19's diagnosis and treatment Plan (7th Edition), discharged.3.During screening visit (follow-up after discharge), The nucleic acid test of COVID-19 is positive in any one of the following samples: sputum, throat swabs, blood, feces or other specimens. Regardless of whether or not they had symptoms and the severity of symptoms.4.Volunteer to participate in the research and sign the Informed Consent Form. 1.Allergic to Favipiravjr;2.Pregnant or lactating women3.Uncontrolled diseases of the blood and cardiovascular system, liver or kidney.4.History of mental disorders, drug abuse or dependence;5.Researchers consider it inappropriate for adults to participate;6.Participating in other clinical studies. Loss to Follow up: Cases that do not complete the clinical trial program will be regarded as lost to follow up. Including the withdrawal of patients by themselves (such as poor compliance, etc.), or the withdrawal of patients ordered by the researcher (those who need other drugs which affect the judgment of the curative effect, and those who need to stop taking drugs for severe adverse events) Study setting: The participating hospitals are some of the designated hospitals that have been or may be admitting patients who meet the eligibility criteria, mainly in Hubei, Shenzhen, Anhui and Beijing. Participants will be recruited from these 15 hospitals: Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Hubei; Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan, Hubei; Ezhou Central Hospital, Hubei; The Second People's Hospital of Fuyang, Anhui; The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui; Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing; Capital Medical University Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing; Ezhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei; Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei; The Fifth Hospital of ShiJiazhuang, Hebei; Jinan Infectious Diseases Hospital, Shandong; Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Sichuan; Wuxi No.5 People's Hospital, Jiangsu; The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong; The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengfu Medical College, AnHui. Favipiravir group (experimental): Favipiravir 1600mg each dose, twice a day on the 1st day; 600mg each dose, twice a day from the 2nd to the 7th day, Oral administration, the maximum number of days taken will be no more than 14 days plus routine treatment for COVID-19. Regular treatment group (control): Treatments other than Antiviral drugs can be given. Routine treatment for patients with the corona virus will be administered, this includes oxygen therapy, drugs that reduced phlegm and relieve cough, including thymosin, proprietary Chinese medicine, etc. MAIN OUTCOMES: Primary Outcome Measures: Viral nucleic acid test negative [Time Frame: 5 months]: Subjects who tested negative for nucleic acid from sputum or nasopharyngeal swabs for two consecutive times (sampling time interval of at least 24 hours). Clinical cure [Time Frame: 5 months]: 1.Body temperature returned to normal for more than 3 days;2.Lung image improved.3.Clinical manifestation improved;4.The viral nucleic acid test of respiratory specimens was negative for two consecutive times (sampling time interval of at least 24 hours). The central randomization system (Interactive Web Response Management System), will be used to randomly divide the subjects into the experimental group and the control group according to the ratio of 2:1. In this study, block randomization will be used, in blocks of 6. This is an open label trial. Trial participants, investigators, care givers, outcome assessors, and date analysts are not blinded to group assignment. 210 patients are expected to be enrolled and allocated according to the ratio of 2 (Favipiravir group, n=140): 1(regular treatment group, n=70). Protocol version number 3.0, 10th April 2020 First Patient, first visit 17th March 2020; recruitment end date anticipated June 1, 2020. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04333589, April 3, 2020. Registered April 3, 2020. The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32398188, "title": "A Positive-Pressure Environment Disposable Shield (PEDS) for COVID-19 Health Care Worker Protection.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Chien, Li-Chien", "Bey, Christian K", "Koenig, Kristi L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398188", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has strained health care system resources and reduced the availability of life-sustaining and medical-grade personal protective equipment (PPE) though the combination of increased demand and disrupted manufacturing supply chains. As a result of these shortages, many health care providers have temporarily used largely untested, improvised PPE (iPPE). Lack of quality control for makeshift PPE and frequent repurposing of used items to conserve supplies increases both the risk of provider infection and nosocomial spread to uninfected patients. One strategy to reduce risk of infection and preserve existing equipment is the implementation of secondary barrier devices placed directly over patients or providers. The authors describe an inexpensive, disposable, positive-pressure head isolation unit that can be rapidly constructed from materials readily available in nearly all health care settings for under five US dollars. The unit was successfully deployed in Taiwan during the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak, and again during the COVID-19 pandemic. The iPPE worn directly by the health care workers (HCWs) can be donned prior to patient contact in the presence of an air source. This strategy may be more protective than a covering placed over the patient in an aerosol-generating environment, which requires the HCW to be in close contact with the patient prior to securing the protective device."}, {"pmid": 32317509, "title": "COVID-19 and lung pathology.", "journal": "Indian J Pathol Microbiol", "authors": ["Jain, Amita"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317509", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207769, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Influenza 2019-2020.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Livingston, Edward", "Bucher, Karen", "Rekito, Andrew"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207769", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323317, "pmcid": "PMC7264724", "title": "Inpatient care for dermatological patients during SARS-CoV-2 - a case report from Portugal.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Alpalhao, Miguel", "Filipe, Paulo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323317", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32048891, "pmcid": "PMC7227718", "title": "Are we ready for the new fatal Coronavirus: scenario of Pakistan?", "journal": "Hum Vaccin Immunother", "authors": ["Ahmad, Tauseef", "Khan, Muhammad", "Khan, Fazal Mehmood", "Hui, Jin"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32048891", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533988, "title": "COVID19 in South Asians/Asian Indians: Heterogeneity of Data and Implications for Pathophysiology and Research.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Gupta, Ritesh", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533988", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite a large population and limited health infrastructure, the incidence and mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been lower in South Asia than many regions. The underlying reasons and mechanisms for this relative protection are not established. However both genetic and environmental factors might play a role. Polymorphisms in ACE2 gene, ACE gene and in genes for some of the host cell proteases could affect the viral entry and replication. There is some evidence that HLA polymorphisms and several pathways involved in immune and inflammatory response could contribute to ethnic variation. Cross immunity because of past exposure to viral infections as well as malaria is likely to protect from the severe manifestations of disease. Role of BCG vaccination in trained innate immunity is recognised and could be a protective factor against COVID-19. There is limited evidence of the possibility of a less virulent viral strain circulating in South Asia. There is evidence from different parts of the world that temperature and humidity can influence viral survival as well as the host immune response. Finally implementation of early containment measures by some South Asian countries has also contributed to a less disease burden."}, {"pmid": 32382218, "pmcid": "PMC7201908", "title": "IASO COVID-19 Guidelines (Updated on 9th April 2020).", "journal": "Indian J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Desai, Sharad", "Gupta, Arnab"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382218", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271369, "pmcid": "PMC7184473", "title": "Prediction for Progression Risk in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: the CALL Score.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ji, Dong", "Zhang, Dawei", "Xu, Jing", "Chen, Zhu", "Yang, Tieniu", "Zhao, Peng", "Chen, Guofeng", "Cheng, Gregory", "Wang, Yudong", "Bi, Jingfeng", "Tan, Lin", "Lau, George", "Qin, Enqiang"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271369", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to clarify the high-risk factors with multivariate analysis and establish a prediction of disease progression, so as to help clinicians to better choose therapeutic strategy. All the consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to Fuyang second people's hospital or the fifth medical center of Chinese PLA general hospital between January 20 and February 22, 2020, were enrolled and their clinical data were retrospectively collected. Multivariate COX regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with progression, and then were incorporated into the nomogram to establish a novel prediction scoring model. ROC was used to assess the performance of the novel model. Overall, 208 patients were divided into stable group (n=168, 80.8%) and progressive group (n=40,19.2%) based on whether their conditions worsened during the hospitalization Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that comorbidity, older age, lower lymphocyte and higher lactate dehydrogenase at presentation were independent high-risk factors for COVID-19 progression. Incorporating these 4 factors, the nomogram achieved good concordance indexes of 0.86 (95%CI 0.81 - 0.91), and had well-fitted calibration curves. A novel scoring model, named as CALL, was established, and its area under ROC was 0.91 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.94). Using a cutoff value of 6 points, the positive and negative predictive values were 50.7% (38.9% - 62.4%) and 98.5% (94.7% - 99.8%), respectively. Using the CALL score model, clinicians can improve the therapeutic effect and reduce the mortality of COVID-19 with more accurate and reasonable resolutions on medical resources."}, {"pmid": 32390658, "pmcid": "PMC7205696", "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marginalized populations in the United States: A research agenda.", "journal": "J Vocat Behav", "authors": ["Kantamneni, Neeta"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390658", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "International and national crises often highlight inequalities in the labor market that disproportionately affect individuals from marginalized backgrounds. The COVID-19 pandemic, and the resulting changes in society due to social distancing measures, has showcased inequities in access to decent work and experiences of discrimination resulting in many of the vulnerable populations in the United States experiencing a much harsher impact on economic and work-related factors. The purpose of this essay is to describe how the COVID-19 pandemic may differentially affect workers of color, individuals from low-income backgrounds, and women in complex ways. First, this essay will discuss disproportionate representation of workers from low-income and racial/ethnic minority backgrounds in sectors most affected by COVID-19. Second, it will discuss the lack of decent work for low-income workers who perform \"essential\" tasks. Third, this essay will highlight economic and work-related implications of increased discrimination Asian Americans are experiencing in society. Finally, role conflict and stress for women who are managing additional unpaid work, including caretaking responsibilities, while needing to continue to engage in paid work will be examined. A research agenda will be set forth throughout the essay, calling for vocational psychologists to engage in research that fully examines how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting vulnerable communities."}, {"pmid": 32413655, "pmcid": "PMC7194561", "title": "Does lockdown reduce air pollution? Evidence from 44 cities in northern China.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Bao, Rui", "Zhang, Acheng"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413655", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Responding to the ongoing novel coronavirus (agent of COVID-19) outbreak, China implemented \"the largest quarantine in human history\" in Wuhan on 23 January 2020. Similar quarantine measures were imposed on other Chinese cities within days. Human mobility and relevant production and consumption activities have since decreased significantly. As a likely side effect of this decrease, many regions have recorded significant reductions in air pollution. We employed daily air pollution data and Intracity Migration Index (IMI) data form Baidu between 1 January and 21 March 2020 for 44 cities in northern China to examine whether, how, and to what extent travel restrictions affected air quality. On the basis of this quantitative analysis, we reached the following conclusions: (1) The reduction of air pollution was strongly associated with travel restrictions during this pandemic-on average, the air quality index (AQI) decreased by 7.80%, and five air pollutants (i.e., SO2, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO) decreased by 6.76%, 5.93%, 13.66%, 24.67%, and 4.58%, respectively. (2) Mechanism analysis illustrated that the lockdowns of 44 cities reduced human movements by 69.85%, and a reduction in the AQI, PM2.5, and CO was partially mediated by human mobility, and SO2, PM10, and NO2 were completely mediated. (3) Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the role of green production and consumption."}, {"pmid": 32437770, "pmcid": "PMC7211728", "title": "COVID-19: Clinical course and outcomes of 36 maintenance hemodialysis patients from a single center in Spain.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Goicoechea, Marian", "Sanchez Camara, Luis Alberto", "Macias, Nicolas", "Munoz de Morales, Alejandra", "Gonzalez Rojas, Angela", "Bascunana, Arturo", "Arroyo, David", "Vega, Almudena", "Abad, Soraya", "Verde, Eduardo", "Garcia Prieto, Ana Maria", "Verdalles, Ursula", "Barbieri, Diego", "Felipe Delgado, Andres", "Carbayo, Javier", "Mijaylova, Antonia", "Perez de Jose, Ana", "Melero, Rosa", "Tejedor, Alberto", "Rodriguez Benitez, Patrocinio", "de Jose, Ana Perez", "Rodriguez Ferrero, Maria Luisa", "Anaya, Fernando", "Rengel, Manuel", "Barraca, Daniel", "Luno, Jose", "Aragoncillo, Ines"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437770", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2-pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Unfortunately, there is lack of evidence about the optimal management of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), even less in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) therapy than in the general population. In this retrospective observational single-center study we analyzed the clinical course and outcomes of all MHD patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 12th to April 10th, 2020 as confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction. Baseline features, clinical course, laboratory data, and different therapies were compared between survivors and non-survivors to identify risk factors associated with mortality. Among the 36 patients, 11 (30.5%) died and 7 could be discharged within the observation period. Clinical and radiological evolution during the first week of admission were predictive of mortality. Among the 36 patients, 18 had worsening of their clinical status, as defined by severe hypoxia with oxygen therapy requirements greater than 4 Liters/minute and radiological worsening. Significantly 11 out of those 18 patients (61.1%) died. None of the classical cardiovascular risk factors in the general population were associated with higher mortality. However, a longer time on hemodialysis (hazard ratio 1.008(95% confidence interval 1.001-1.015) per year), increased LDH levels (1.006(1.001-1.011), and lower lymphocyte count (0.996 (0.992-1.000) one week after clinical onset were all significantly associated with higher mortality risk. Thus, the mortality among hospitalized hemodialysis patients diagnosed with COVID-19 is high. Lymphopenia and increased LDH levels were associated with poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32479829, "pmcid": "PMC7259900", "title": "Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet", "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479829", "countries": ["Ireland", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74\u00b70%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24\u00b78%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26\u00b71%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23\u00b78% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51\u00b72%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38\u00b70% (219 of 577), accounting for 82\u00b76% (219 of 265) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1\u00b775 [95% CI 1\u00b728-2\u00b740], p<0\u00b70001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2\u00b730 [1\u00b765-3\u00b722], p<0\u00b70001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3-5 versus grades 1-2 (2\u00b735 [1\u00b757-3\u00b753], p<0\u00b70001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1\u00b755 [1\u00b701-2\u00b739], p=0\u00b7046), emergency versus elective surgery (1\u00b767 [1\u00b706-2\u00b763], p=0\u00b7026), and major versus minor surgery (1\u00b752 [1\u00b701-2\u00b731], p=0\u00b7047). Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research."}, {"pmid": 32394480, "pmcid": "PMC7272998", "title": "Care of patients with hemoglobin disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of recommendations.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Taher, Ali T", "Bou-Fakhredin, Rayan", "Kreidieh, Firas", "Motta, Irene", "De Franceschi, Lucia", "Cappellini, Maria Domenica"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394480", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390657, "pmcid": "PMC7205716", "title": "Examining boundaries to understand the impact of COVID-19 on vocational behaviors.", "journal": "J Vocat Behav", "authors": ["Cho, Eunae"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390657", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 has posed an unprecedented challenge to the global workforce. To better understand the impact of the pandemic on work and careers, I call for research taking a closer look at the boundaries in the career context. Specifically, both the micro (boundaries that demarcate role domains) and macro (national borders) boundaries should be considered. The pandemic changes the existing boundaries and challenges the \"usual\" practices; while it blurs the micro, cross-domain boundaries, it strengthens the macro, cross-country boundaries. I propose that the changes in the micro and macro boundaries are one of the important mechanisms in how COVID-19 affects many individuals' vocational behaviors and career outcomes. In this essay, I explain why we should pay more attention to the boundaries to learn about the impact of COVID-19 on vocational and career behaviors. I conclude with a discussion of several directions for future research."}, {"pmid": 32285431, "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Central Nervous System Complications: What Neurologist Need to Know.", "journal": "Acta Neurol Taiwan", "authors": ["Paybast, Sepideh", "Emami, Ali", "Koosha, Mohsen", "Baghalha, Fatemeh"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285431", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (Covid-19) is a family of large enveloped non-segmented positive-sense RNA viruses which has been considered as a global health concern as it has a very high transmissibility potential. Regarding to the similarity of the virus to SARS-CoV, it is postulated that the Covid-19 accumulates mainly in the nasal epithelia and lower respiratory airways. However, there is evidence suggesting the Covid-19 neurotropism which might contribute to respiratory failure. Here in we aim to review the central nervous system complications of the Covid-19 CoV since the emergence of the virus. Keywords: Novel Coronavirus, Covid19-Cov, CNS Complication, Nervous System."}, {"pmid": 32334182, "pmcid": "PMC7194967", "title": "How to improve adherence with quarantine: rapid review of the evidence.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Webster, R K", "Brooks, S K", "Smith, L E", "Woodland, L", "Wessely, S", "Rubin, G J"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334182", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The December 2019 outbreak of coronavirus has once again thrown the vexed issue of quarantine into the spotlight, with many countries asking their citizens to 'self-isolate' if they have potentially come into contact with the infection. However, adhering to quarantine is difficult. Decisions on how to apply quarantine should be based on the best available evidence to increase the likelihood of people adhering to protocols. We conducted a rapid review to identify factors associated with adherence to quarantine during infectious disease outbreaks. The study design is a rapid evidence review. We searched Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science for published literature on the reasons for and factors associated with adherence to quarantine during an infectious disease outbreak. We found 3163 articles and included 14 in the review. Adherence to quarantine ranged from as little as 0 up to 92.8%. The main factors which influenced or were associated with adherence decisions were the knowledge people had about the disease and quarantine procedure, social norms, perceived benefits of quarantine and perceived risk of the disease, as well as practical issues such as running out of supplies or the financial consequences of being out of work. People vary in their adherence to quarantine during infectious disease outbreaks. To improve this, public health officials should provide a timely, clear rationale for quarantine and information about protocols; emphasise social norms to encourage this altruistic behaviour; increase the perceived benefit that engaging in quarantine will have on public health; and ensure that sufficient supplies of food, medication and other essentials are provided."}, {"pmid": 32468201, "title": "Challenges and response in the medical management of the orthopaedic department during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: strategies in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Wu, Wei", "Xiong, Wei", "Kang, Honglei", "Guo, Qian", "Fang, Zhong", "Li, Feng"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468201", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, COVID-19 has rapidly spread around the globe, there are already many nosocomial infections in medical staff. The purpose of this study is to provide some medical management experience from the orthopaedics department of Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China, to provide reference for orthopaedists. This study is a summary of the orthopaedic medical management of Tongji Hospital. It systematically summarized the Chinese experience including orthopaedic outpatient and emergency department management, and orthopaedic surgery and preventive management during the pandemic. We described some challenges in the orthopaedic department during the epidemic and formulated a set of medical management procedures to find an balance between effective treatment and infection prevention. These experiences and strategies could help orthopedists to work safely and effectively, and prevent nosocomial infections during the global pandemic of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32287087, "pmcid": "PMC7224625", "title": "What's Important: Redeployment of the Orthopaedic Surgeon During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from the Trenches.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Sarpong, Nana O", "Forrester, Lynn Ann", "Levine, William N"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287087", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439740, "pmcid": "PMC7247397", "title": "Rapid implementation of virtual clinics due to COVID-19: report and early evaluation of a quality improvement initiative.", "journal": "BMJ Open Qual", "authors": ["Gilbert, Anthony William", "Billany, Joe C T", "Adam, Ruth", "Martin, Luke", "Tobin, Rebecca", "Bagdai, Shiv", "Galvin, Noreen", "Farr, Ian", "Allain, Adam", "Davies, Lucy", "Bateson, John"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439740", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has placed the National Health Service under significant strain. Social distancing measures were introduced in the UK in March 2020 and virtual consultations (via telephone or video call) were identified as a potential alternative to face-to-face consultations at this time. The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH) sees on average 11\u2009200 face-to-face consultations a month. On average 7% of these are delivered virtually via telephone. In response to the COVID-19 crisis, the RNOH set a target of reducing face-to-face consultations to 20% of all outpatient attendances. This report outlines a quality improvement initiative to rapidly implement virtual consultations at the RNOH. The COVID-19 Action Team, a multidisciplinary group of healthcare professionals, was assembled to support the implementation of virtual clinics. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement approach to quality improvement was followed using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle. A process of enablement, process redesign, delivery support and evaluation were carried out, underpinned by Improvement principles. Following the target of 80% virtual consultations being set, 87% of consultations were delivered virtually during the first 6\u2009weeks. Satisfaction scores were high for virtual consultations (90/100 for patients and 78/100 for clinicians); however, outside of the COVID-19 pandemic, video consultations would be preferred less than 50% of the time. Information to support the future redesign of outpatient services was collected. This report demonstrates that virtual consultations can be rapidly implemented in response to COVID-19 and that they are largely acceptable. Further initiatives are required to support clinically appropriate and acceptable virtual consultations beyond COVID-19. This project was submitted to the RNOH's Project Evaluation Panel and was classified as a service evaluation on 12 March 2020 (ref: SE20.09)."}, {"pmid": 32391936, "pmcid": "PMC7272788", "title": "Liver injury in COVID-19: diagnosis and associated factors - authors' reply.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Lian, Ningfang", "Lin, Su", "Xie, Hansheng"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391936", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451736, "pmcid": "PMC7247743", "title": "Repurposing Quaternary Ammonium Compounds as Potential Treatments for COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharm Res", "authors": ["Baker, Nancy", "Williams, Antony J", "Tropsha, Alexander", "Ekins, Sean"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451736", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted an important role for drug repurposing. Quaternary ammonium compounds such as ammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium and miramistin represent widely accessible antiseptic molecules with well-known broad-spectrum antiviral activities and represent a repurposing opportunity as therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32127517, "pmcid": "PMC7054527", "title": "Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice.", "journal": "Int J Oral Sci", "authors": ["Peng, Xian", "Xu, Xin", "Li, Yuqing", "Cheng, Lei", "Zhou, Xuedong", "Ren, Biao"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127517", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel \u03b2-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused severe and even fetal pneumonia explored in a seafood market of Wuhan city, Hubei province, China, and rapidly spread to other provinces of China and other countries. The 2019-nCoV was different from SARS-CoV, but shared the same host receptor the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The natural host of 2019-nCoV may be the bat Rhinolophus affinis as 2019-nCoV showed 96.2% of whole-genome identity to BatCoV RaTG13. The person-to-person transmission routes of 2019-nCoV included direct transmission, such as cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation transmission, and contact transmission, such as the contact with oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes. 2019-nCoV can also be transmitted through the saliva, and the fetal-oral routes may also be a potential person-to-person transmission route. The participants in dental practice expose to tremendous risk of 2019-nCoV infection due to the face-to-face communication and the exposure to saliva, blood, and other body fluids, and the handling of sharp instruments. Dental professionals play great roles in preventing the transmission of 2019-nCoV. Here we recommend the infection control measures during dental practice to block the person-to-person transmission routes in dental clinics and hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32427197, "pmcid": "PMC7228313", "title": "Unprecedented pandemic, unprecedented shift, and unprecedented opportunity.", "journal": "Hum Behav Emerg Technol", "authors": ["Yan, Zheng"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427197", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is currently spreading across the world in an unprecedented way. \"Social distancing\" has become the latest buzzword in the headlines of media covering the COVID-19 pandemic As a result, the widely implemented social distancing measures has generated one unprecedented shift that pushes various types of human social interactions from dominantly offline to dominantly online. This becomes a \"new normal\" in our daily life. For our research community of studying technology-related behavior, the COVID-19 pandemic provides an unprecedented opportunity to join the worldwide efforts to fight against the current pandemic and Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies calls for studies examining how humans behavior with emerging technologies in extreme events such as the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32348833, "pmcid": "PMC7194956", "title": "What face mask for what use in the context of COVID-19 pandemic? The French guidelines.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Lepelletier, Didier", "Grandbastien, Bruno", "Romano-Bertrand, Sara", "Aho, Serge", "Chidiac, Christian", "Gehanno, Jean-Francois", "Chauvin, Franck"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348833", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a face mask has become usual and ubiquitous, in both hospitals and community. However, the general public is consuming surgical or filtering face piece (FFP) masks irrespective of their specificity, leading to global supply shortage for the most exposed persons, which are healthcare workers. This underlines the urgent need to clarify the indications of the different categories of mask, in order to rationalize their use. The study herein specifies the French position for the rational use of respiratory protective equipment for healthcare workers."}, {"pmid": 32281481, "pmcid": "PMC7157945", "title": "Challenges and cares to promote rational use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: a timely review.", "journal": "J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev", "authors": ["Pereira, Boscolli Barbosa"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281481", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a result of the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19), there has been an urgent worldwide demand for treatments. Due to factors such as history of prescription for other infectious diseases, availability, and relatively low cost, the use of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been tested in vivo and in vitro for the ability to inhibit the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, even though investigators noted the therapeutic potential of these drugs, it is important to consider the toxicological risks and necessary care for rational use of CQ and HCQ. This study provides information on the main toxicological and epidemiological aspects to be considered for prophylaxis or treatment of COVID-19 using CQ but mainly HCQ, which is a less toxic derivative than CQ, and was shown to produce better results in inhibiting proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 based upon preliminary tests."}, {"pmid": 32368728, "pmcid": "PMC7196382", "title": "Eosinopenia and elevated C-reactive protein facilitate triage of COVID-19 patients in fever clinic: a retrospective case-control study.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Li, Qilin", "Ding, Xiuli", "Xia, Geqing", "Chen, Heng-Gui", "Chen, Fenghua", "Geng, Zhi", "Xu, Luming", "Lei, Shijun", "Pan, An", "Wang, Lin", "Wang, Zheng"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368728", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently a pandemic affecting over 200 countries. Many cities have established designated fever clinics to triage suspected COVID-19 patients from other patients with similar symptoms. However, given the limited availability of the nucleic acid test as well as long waiting time for both the test and radiographic examination, the quarantine or therapeutic decisions for a large number of mixed patients were often not made in time. We aimed to identify simple and quickly available laboratory biomarkers to facilitate effective triage at the fever clinics for sorting suspected COVID-19 patients from those with COVID-19-like symptoms. We collected clinical, etiological, and laboratory data of 989 patients who visited the Fever Clinic at Wuhan Union Hospital, Wuhan, China, from Jan 31 to Feb 21. Based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nucleic acid testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection, they were divided into two groups: SARS-CoV-2-positive patients as cases and SARS-CoV-2-negative patients as controls. We compared the clinical features and laboratory findings of the two groups, and analyzed the diagnostic performance of several laboratory parameters in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection and made relevant comparisons to the China diagnosis guideline of having a normal or decreased number of leukocytes (\u22649\u20225 109/L) or lymphopenia (<1\u20221 109/L). Normal or decreased number of leukocytes (\u22649\u20225 109/L), lymphopenia (<1\u20221 109/L), eosinopenia (<0\u202202 109/L), and elevated hs-CRP (\u22654 mg/L) were presented in 95\u20220%, 52\u20222%, 74\u20227% and 86\u20227% of COVID-19 patients, much higher than 87\u20222%, 28\u20228%, 31\u20223% and 45\u20222% of the controls, respectively. The eosinopenia produced a sensitivity of 74\u20227% and specificity of 68\u20227% for separating the two groups with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0\u2022717. The combination of eosinopenia and elevated hs-CRP yielded a sensitivity of 67\u20229% and specificity of 78\u20222% (AUC=0\u2022730). The addition of eosinopenia alone or the combination of eosinopenia and elevated hs-CRP into the guideline-recommended diagnostic parameters for COVID-19 improved the predictive capacity with higher than zero of both net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). The combination of eosinopenia and elevated hs-CRP can effectively triage suspected COVID-19 patients from other patients attending the fever clinic with COVID-19-like initial symptoms. This finding would be particularly useful for designing triage strategies in an epidemic region having a large number of patients with COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases while limited medical resources for nucleic acid tests and radiographic examination. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Hubei Province (MSTIP)."}, {"pmid": 32321633, "pmcid": "PMC7167224", "title": "Implications of COVID-19 for the management of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases.", "journal": "Joint Bone Spine", "authors": ["Richez, Christophe", "Lazaro, Estibaliz", "Lemoine, Mael", "Truchetet, Marie-Elise", "Schaeverbeke, Thierry"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321633", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523921, "pmcid": "PMC7279897", "title": "Acute Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with COVID-19: A Therapeutic Challenge.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Asif, Talal", "Kassab, Kameel", "Iskander, Fady", "Alyousef, Tareq"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523921", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of acute viral pericarditis and cardiac tamponade in a patient with COVID-19 to highlight the associated treatment challenges, especially given the uncertainty associated with the safety of standard treatment. We also discuss complications associated with delayed diagnosis in patients who potentially may need mechanical ventilation. Large pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade should be considered in patients with COVID-19 who decompensate further after intubation and mechanical ventilation.The characteristics of pericardial effusion in patients with COVID-19 are described.A successful treatment approach for acute pericarditis in a patient with COVID-19 in light of differing opinions over the safety of NSAID use is described."}, {"pmid": 32302681, "pmcid": "PMC7194855", "title": "Practice Recommendations for Risk-Adapted Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An ASTRO-ESTRO Consensus Statement.", "journal": "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys", "authors": ["Thomson, David J", "Palma, David", "Guckenberger, Matthias", "Balermpas, Panagiotis", "Beitler, Jonathan J", "Blanchard, Pierre", "Brizel, David", "Budach, Wilfred", "Caudell, Jimmy", "Corry, June", "Corvo, Renzo", "Evans, Mererid", "Garden, Adam S", "Giralt, Jordi", "Gregoire, Vincent", "Harari, Paul M", "Harrington, Kevin", "Hitchcock, Ying J", "Johansen, Jorgen", "Kaanders, Johannes", "Koyfman, Shlomo", "Langendijk, J A", "Le, Quynh-Thu", "Lee, Nancy", "Margalit, Danielle", "Mierzwa, Michelle", "Porceddu, Sandro", "Soong, Yoke Lim", "Sun, Ying", "Thariat, Juliette", "Waldron, John", "Yom, Sue S"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302681", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Because of the unprecedented disruption of health care services caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) identified an urgent need to issue practice recommendations for radiation oncologists treating head and neck cancer (HNC) in a time of limited resources and heightened risk for patients and staff. A panel of international experts from ASTRO, ESTRO, and select Asia-Pacific countries completed a modified rapid Delphi process. Topics and questions were presented to the group, and subsequent questions were developed from iterative feedback. Each survey was open online for 24 hours, and successive rounds started within 24 hours of the previous round. The chosen cutoffs for strong agreement (\u226580%) and agreement (\u226566%) were extrapolated from the RAND methodology. Two pandemic scenarios, early (risk mitigation) and late (severely reduced radiation therapy resources), were evaluated. The panel developed treatment recommendations for 5 HNC cases. In total, 29 of 31 of those invited (94%) accepted, and after a replacement 30 of 30 completed all 3 surveys (100% response rate). There was agreement or strong agreement across a number of practice areas, including treatment prioritization, whether to delay initiation or interrupt radiation therapy for intercurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection, approaches to treatment (radiation dose-fractionation schedules and use of chemotherapy in each pandemic scenario), management of surgical cases in event of operating room closures, and recommended adjustments to outpatient clinic appointments and supportive care. This urgent practice recommendation was issued in the knowledge of the very difficult circumstances in which our patients find themselves at present, navigating strained health care systems functioning with limited resources and at heightened risk to their health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this consensus statement is to ensure high-quality HNC treatments continue, to save lives and for symptomatic benefit."}, {"pmid": 32293518, "pmcid": "PMC7156900", "title": "Prognosis when using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill COVID-19 patients in China: a retrospective case series.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Zeng, Yingchun", "Cai, Zhongxiang", "Xianyu, Yunyan", "Yang, Bing Xiang", "Song, Ting", "Yan, Qiaoyuan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293518", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298019, "pmcid": "PMC7262054", "title": "Disproportionate impact of COVID-19 pandemic on head and neck cancer survivors.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Adjei Boakye, Eric", "Jenkins, Wiley", "Sharma, Arun"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298019", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479214, "title": "Community Health Workers: The Authors Reply.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Kangovi, Shreya", "Asch, David A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479214", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363216, "pmcid": "PMC7194876", "title": "Epidemiological update on SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain. Comments on the management of infection in pediatrics.", "journal": "An Pediatr (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Calvo, Cristina", "Tagarro, Alfredo", "Otheo, Enrique", "Epalza, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363216", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392616, "title": "Comment on: Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Geriatrics and Long-Term Care: The ABCDs of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Wachholz, Patrick A", "Jacinto, Alessandro F"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392616", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32029919, "pmcid": "PMC7091733", "title": "Revisiting the dangers of the coronavirus in the ophthalmology practice.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Seah, Ivan", "Su, Xinyi", "Lingam, Gopal"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32029919", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32111114, "title": "[Recommendations for the regulation of medical practices of burn treatment during the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ma, S Y", "Yuan, Z Q", "Peng, Y Z", "Luo, Q Z", "Song, H P", "Xiang, F", "Tan, J L", "Zhou, J Y", "Li, N", "Hu, G Z", "Luo, G X"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32111114", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is one of the beta coronaviruses and was identified as the pathogen of the severe \"coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)\" in 2019. China has formally included the 2019-nCoV in the statutory notification and control system for infectious diseases according to the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Currently, the national defending actions on the 2019-nCoV in China is in a critical period. Burn Department is also confronted with risk of infection by the 2019-nCoV. According to the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (6(th) trial edition), the latest relative literature at home and abroad, the features of the COVID-19, recommendations for the COVID-19 prevention and control issued by the National Health Commission of China, and management experience of diagnosis and treatment in the related disciplines, we put forward recommendations for the medical practices of burn treatment during the outbreak of the COVID-19 in outpatient and emergency treatment, inpatient treatment, operation and ward management, etc. We hope these recommendations could benefit the professionals of the same occupation as us and related hospital managers, improve the treatment of burn during the outbreak of the COVID-19, and avoid or reduce the risk of infection of medical staff ."}, {"pmid": 32323563, "pmcid": "PMC7241059", "title": "The management of emergency spinal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.", "journal": "Bone Joint J", "authors": ["Giorgi, P D", "Villa, F", "Gallazzi, E", "Debernardi, A", "Schiro, G R", "Crisa, F M", "Talamonti, G", "D'Aliberti, G"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323563", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic caused by COVID-19 is the biggest challenge for national health systems for a century. While most medical resources are allocated to treat COVID-19 patients, several non-COVID-19 medical emergencies still need to be treated, including vertebral fractures and spinal cord compression. The aim of this paper is to report the early experience and an organizational protocol for emergency spinal surgery currently being used in a large metropolitan area by an integrated team of orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons. An organizational model is presented based on case centralization in hub hospitals and early management of surgical cases to reduce hospital stay. Data from all the patients admitted for emergency spinal surgery from the beginning of the outbreak were prospectively collected and compared to data from patients admitted for the same reason in the same time span in the previous year, and treated by the same integrated team. A total of 19 patients (11 males and eight females, with a mean age of 49.9 years (14 to 83)) were admitted either for vertebral fracture or spinal cord compression in a 19-day period, compared to the ten admitted in the previous year. No COVID-19 patients were treated. The mean time between admission and surgery was 1.7 days, significantly lower than 6.8 days the previous year (p < 0.001). The structural organization and the management protocol we describe allowed us to reduce the time to surgery and ultimately hospital stay, thereby maximizing the already stretched medical resources available. We hope that our early experience can be of value to the medical communities that will soon be in the same emergency situation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6):671-676."}, {"pmid": 32369281, "title": "A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Dalerba, Piero", "Levin, Bruce", "Thompson, John L"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369281", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352652, "pmcid": "PMC7267384", "title": "Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Lifestyle Behaviors in Children with Obesity Living in Verona, Italy: A Longitudinal Study.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Pietrobelli, Angelo", "Pecoraro, Luca", "Ferruzzi, Alessandro", "Heo, Moonseong", "Faith, Myles", "Zoller, Thomas", "Antoniazzi, Franco", "Piacentini, Giorgio", "Fearnbach, S Nicole", "Heymsfield, Steven B"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352652", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To test the hypothesis that youths with obesity, when removed from structured school activities and confined to their homes during the COVID-19 pandemic, will display unfavorable trends in lifestyle behaviors. The sample included 41 children and adolescents with obesity participating in a longitudinal observational study located in Verona, Italy. Lifestyle information including diet, activity, and sleep behaviors were collected at baseline and three weeks into the national lockdown during which home confinement was mandatory. Changes in outcomes over the two study time points were evaluated for significance using paired t-tests. There were no changes in reported vegetable intake; fruit intake increased (p=0.055) during the lockdown. By contrast, potato chip, red meat, and sugary drink intakes increased significantly during the lockdown (p-value range, 0.005 to <0.001). Time spent in sports activities decreased (X\u00b1SD) by 2.30\u00b14.60 hours/week (p=0.003) and sleep time increased by 0.65\u00b11.29 hours/day (p=0.003). Screen time increased by 4.85\u00b12.40 hours/day (p<0.001). Recognizing these adverse collateral effects of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown is critical in avoiding depreciation of weight control efforts among youths afflicted with excess adiposity. Depending on duration, these untoward lockdown effects may have a lasting impact on a child's or adolescent's adult adiposity level."}, {"pmid": 32376969, "pmcid": "PMC7201203", "title": "COVID-19 outcomes in patients with hematologic disease.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Malard, Florent", "Genthon, Alexis", "Brissot, Eolia", "van de Wyngaert, Zoe", "Marjanovic, Zora", "Ikhlef, Souhila", "Banet, Anne", "Lapusan, Simona", "Sestilli, Simona", "Corre, Elise", "Paviglianiti, Annalisa", "Adaeva, Rosa", "M 'Hammedi-Bouzina, Fella", "Labopin, Myriam", "Legrand, Ollivier", "Dulery, Remy", "Mohty, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376969", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294713, "title": "Personality differences and COVID-19: are extroversion and conscientiousness personality traits associated with engagement with containment measures?", "journal": "Trends Psychiatry Psychother", "authors": ["Carvalho, Lucas de F", "Pianowski, Giselle", "Goncalves, Andre P"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294713", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of the novel coronavirus, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) probably occurred in Wuhan, China. By March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) had declared a pandemic. Containment measures such as social distancing and hand hygiene were recommended. In this study, we start from the hypothesis that engaging with containment measures in a pandemic situation should be more comfortable for some people than for other people. Thus, individual differences should be associated with engagement with containment measures. To investigate to what extent two personality traits, extroversion and conscientiousness, are associated with engagement with two containment measures (social distancing and handwashing). The sample consisted of 715 Brazilian adults aged 18-78 years, who answered the Big Five Inventory 2 Short (BFI-2-S) and factors from the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). Higher scores for extroversion were associated with lower means for social distancing (p < 0.001) and higher scores for conscientiousness were associated with higher means for social distancing and handwashing (p < 0.05). The findings indicate the importance of acknowledging extroversion and conscientiousness traits as relevant to people's engagement with the measures recommended for COVID-19 containment."}, {"pmid": 32425296, "pmcid": "PMC7227514", "title": "Opinion: An Increase in Severe Late-Dental Complications May Result from Reliance on Home Dental Remedies During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Yakubov, Dorin", "Ward, Max", "Ward, Brittany", "Raymond, George F", "Paskhover, Boris"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425296", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335585, "title": "The Coronavirus Pandemic: What Does the Evidence Show?", "journal": "J Nepal Health Res Counc", "authors": ["Paudel, Shishir", "Dangal, Ganesh", "Chalise, Anisha", "Bhandari, Tulsi Ram", "Dangal, Ojash"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335585", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerged disease that has become a global public health concern as it rapidly spread around the world. The etiologic agent responsible for this disease has been named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses as it shows similar genomic features to that of SARS-CoV which caused a pandemic in 2002. This disease first appeared in Hubei province of China and it follows human-to-human transmission but the path this virus took to set up human infection remains a mystery. By 17 April 2020, globally there have been 2,074,529 confirmed cases with 139,378 deaths because of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 shows several similarities with SARS?CoV, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) with its clinical presentations. This can vary from asymptomatic infection to severe disease and mortality. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) screening is considered as the standard laboratory test for the diagnosis of COVID-19. There is no proven antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 so the treatment for COVID-19 is symptomatic, aiming for the management of the symptoms and prevention of the complications. The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to the implementation of extraordinary public health measures throughout the world. Numerous antiviral compounds used to treat other infections are being clinically researched to find possible treatment. Similarly, the traditional public health outbreak response strategy of isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment has been implemented in multiple countries and has played an important role in the prevention of new outbreaks. This review aims to enhance our understanding of COVID 19. Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; novel coronavirus 2019; severe acute respiratory syndrome-2."}, {"pmid": 32463204, "title": "Patient visits to an emergency department in anticipation of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Bjornsen, Lars Petter", "Naess-Pleym, Lars Eide", "Dale, Jostein", "Laugsand, Lars Erik"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463204", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Emergency Department in Trondheim has prepared for a large influx of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We conducted a study comparing patients in the Emergency Department in the first weeks of the pandemic in Norway (weeks 11 and 12) with the average number of patient visits. Data from patients at the Emergency Department of St Olav's Hospital in the period 6\u00a0January 2020-22 March 2020 were retrieved from the Emergency Department's database. Logistical patient data concerning patient numbers, chief complaints, length of stay in the Emergency Department, acuity level, isolation status, and treatment level were analysed. In week 12, 331\u00a0patients were referred to the Emergency Department, a reduction of 39\u00a0% compared with the average of 541\u00a0patients in weeks 2-10. There was a general reduction in all patient groups, but particularly those discharged from the Emergency Department. In week 12 there were 56\u00a0more patients isolated with suspected/potentially infectious disease (187\u00a0%) compared with the average for weeks 2-10, and these patients spent almost two hours longer in the Emergency Department than other patients. There was a reduction in patient visits to the Emergency Department in the first weeks of the pandemic. The percentage of patients isolated for infection control increased, and the time spent in the Emergency Department for these patients was greater than for other patients. The reduction in the inflow of patients is expected to be temporary, and the Emergency Department at St Olav's Hospital expects a large influx of patients with suspected COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32295759, "title": "Covid-19: WHO and South Korea investigate reconfirmed cases.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295759", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201376, "title": "Covid-19 mass testing facilities could end the epidemic rapidly.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Peto, Julian"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201376", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32034899, "title": "[Expert consensus on the use of corticosteroid in patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhao, J P", "Hu, Y", "Du, R H", "Chen, Z S", "Jin, Y", "Zhou, M", "Zhang, J", "Qu, J M", "Cao, B"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32034899", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439198, "pmcid": "PMC7214327", "title": "Probable Molecular Mechanism of Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19: Need to Know More.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Saha, Abinit", "Sharma, Ashish Ranjan", "Bhattacharya, Manojit", "Sharma, Garima", "Lee, Sang-Soo", "Chakraborty, Chiranjib"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439198", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is now pandemic throughout the world. Scientist, doctors are searching for effective therapy of this diseases. The remdesivir, an antiviral drug, is appeared as 'molecule of hope' for the treatment of this disease. USFDA gave emergency approval to this drug for the treatment of COVID-19. The molecular mechanism is unknown. In this paper, we tried to describe the probable molecular mechanism of remdesivir to inhibit the RNA synthesis of SARS-CoV-2. However, more detail mechanism is needed to understand mechanism of action of remdesivir."}, {"pmid": 32510748, "title": "COVID-19: Test, Trace and Isolate-New Epidemiological Data.", "journal": "Environ Microbiol", "authors": ["Brussow, Harald"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510748", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the absence of an efficient drug treatment or a vaccine, the control of the COVID-19 pandemic relies on classic infection control measures. Since these means are socially disruptive and come with substantial economic loss for societies, a better knowledge of the epidemiology of the new coronavirus epidemic is crucial to achieve control at a sustainable cost, and within tolerable restrictions of civil rights. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32220204, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rolf, J Douglass"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220204", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469189, "title": "Early results from telephone follow-up of patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Paskudzka, Diana", "Kolodzinska, Agnieszka", "Cacko, Andrzej", "Stolarz, Przemyslaw", "Lyzwinski, Lukasz", "Opolski, Grzegorz", "Grabowski, Marcin"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469189", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of the SARS-CoV 2 pandemic basic healthcare challenges arise as lockdowns and social isolation are implemented to prevent the spread of the virus. In order to overcome these challenges, the Polish the National Health Fund has facilitated telemedical consultations. The aim of this study was to compare teleconsultations to regular ambulatory clinic of implantable devices (ACIM) visits and to assess whether teleconsultations would be an adequate replacement during a time when face-to-face contact should be limited. Teleconsultations in the ACIM were introduced for patients without the possibility of remote control cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). Prior to planned visits physicians made phone calls and interviewed the patient about their health. Further treatment decisions were made based on the interview and available documentation. Teleconsultations were performed during a 3.5-week period (13.03.2020 to 01.04.2020). Of the 400 patients planned for visits in the ACIM, 349 were consulted by phone. 299 patients confirmed stable health. 14/349 patients reported some symptoms and 4/349 patients were hospitalized; 2/349 patients changed their primary ACIM and were no longer under our care, 1/349 patient was undergoing quarantine, 15/349 patients required additional intervention and 15 patients had died prior to contact. In general patients gave positive feedback on their teleconsultations. Teleconsultations are a much-needed solution during the COVID-19 pandemic. They are an effective way to decrease interpersonal contact and to overcome sudden changes to the visitation scheme which may otherwise have put an overwhelming burden on the ACIM."}, {"pmid": 32456751, "title": "The Alternative Pandemic.", "journal": "Sr Care Pharm", "authors": ["Alderman, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the world is gripped by the current pandemic caused by COVID-19, Dr. Chris Alderman, editor-in-chief, reminds readers that the world has been and continues to be in the grips of another, equally as serious, but less publicized, global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32333644, "pmcid": "PMC7264870", "title": "RT-LAMP for rapid diagnosis of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Microb Biotechnol", "authors": ["Huang, Wei E", "Lim, Boon", "Hsu, Chia-Chen", "Xiong, Dan", "Wu, Wei", "Yu, Yejiong", "Jia, Huidong", "Wang, Yun", "Zeng, Yida", "Ji, Mengmeng", "Chang, Hong", "Zhang, Xiuming", "Wang, Hui", "Cui, Zhanfeng"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333644", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in the world has caused a large infected population suffering from COVID-19. To curb the spreading of the virus, WHO urgently demanded an extension of screening and testing; thus, a rapid and simple diagnostic method is needed. We applied a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) to achieve the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in 30\u00a0min. We designed four sets of LAMP primers (6 primers in each set), targeting the viral RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in the regions of orf1ab, S gene and N gene. A colorimetric change was used to report the results, which enables the outcome of viral RNA amplification to be read by the naked eye without the need of expensive or dedicated instrument. The sensitivity can be 80 copies of viral RNA per ml in a sample. We validated the RT-LAMP method in a hospital in China, employing 16 clinic samples with 8 positives and 8 negatives. The testing results are consistent with the conventional RT-qPCR. In addition, we also show that one-step process without RNA extraction is feasible to achieve RNA amplification directly from a sample. This rapid, simple and sensitive RT-LAMP method paves a way for a large screening at public domain and hospitals, particularly regional hospitals and medical centres in rural areas."}, {"pmid": 32166318, "pmcid": "PMC7108122", "title": "Protecting Health Care Workers during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreak -Lessons from Taiwan's SARS response.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Schwartz, Jonathan", "King, Chwan-Chuen", "Yen, Muh-Yong"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166318", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During major epidemic outbreaks, demand for health care workers grows even as the extreme pressures they face cause declining availability. We draw on Taiwan's SARS experience to argue that a modified form of Traffic Control Bundling protects health care worker safety and by extension strengthens overall COVID-19 epidemic control."}, {"pmid": 32355005, "title": "A COVID-19 recovery for climate.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Rosenbloom, Daniel", "Markard, Jochen"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355005", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382418, "pmcid": "PMC7202656", "title": "Detection of IgM and IgG antibodies in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Transl Immunology", "authors": ["Hou, Hongyan", "Wang, Ting", "Zhang, Bo", "Luo, Ying", "Mao, Lie", "Wang, Feng", "Wu, Shiji", "Sun, Ziyong"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382418", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to determine the IgM and IgG responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with varying illness severities. IgM and IgG antibody levels were assessed via chemiluminescence immunoassay in 338 COVID-19 patients. IgM levels increased during the first week after SARS-CoV-2 infection, peaked 2\u00a0weeks and then reduced to near-background levels in most patients. IgG was detectable after 1\u00a0week and was maintained at a high level for a long period. The positive rates of IgM and/or IgG antibody detections were not significantly different among the mild, severe and critical disease groups. Severe and critical cases had higher IgM levels than mild cases, whereas the IgG level in critical cases was lower than those in both mild and severe cases. This might be because of the high disease activity and/or a compromised immune response in critical cases. The IgM antibody levels were slightly higher in deceased patients than recovered patients, but IgG levels in these groups did not significantly differ. A longitudinal detection of antibodies revealed that IgM levels decreased rapidly in recovered patients, whereas in deceased cases, either IgM levels remained high or both IgM and IgG were undetectable during the disease course. Quantitative detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 quantitatively has potential significance for evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32512243, "title": "Letter to the Editor regarding \"COVID-19 and Neurosurgical Education in Africa\"; How the pandemic is changing neurosurgical education in Morocco.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Oudrhiri, Mohammed Yassaad", "Bechri, Hajar", "Hakkou, El Mehdi", "Arkha, Yasser", "El Ouahabi, Abdessamad"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512243", "countries": ["Morocco"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323891, "pmcid": "PMC7264593", "title": "The need for neurologists in the care of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Sellner, J", "Taba, P", "Ozturk, S", "Helbok, R"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323891", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407303, "title": "High SARS-CoV-2 Attack Rate Following Exposure at a Choir Practice - Skagit County, Washington, March 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Hamner, Lea", "Dubbel, Polly", "Capron, Ian", "Ross, Andy", "Jordan, Amber", "Lee, Jaxon", "Lynn, Joanne", "Ball, Amelia", "Narwal, Simranjit", "Russell, Sam", "Patrick, Dale", "Leibrand, Howard"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407303", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 17, 2020, a member of a Skagit County, Washington, choir informed Skagit County Public Health (SCPH) that several members of the 122-member choir had become ill. Three persons, two from Skagit County and one from another area, had test results positive for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Another 25 persons had compatible symptoms. SCPH obtained the choir's member list and began an investigation on March 18. Among 61 persons who attended a March 10 choir practice at which one person was known to be symptomatic, 53 cases were identified, including 33 confirmed and 20 probable cases (secondary attack rates of 53.3% among confirmed cases and 86.7% among all cases). Three of the 53 persons who became ill were hospitalized (5.7%), and two died (3.7%). The 2.5-hour singing practice provided several opportunities for droplet and fomite transmission, including members sitting close to one another, sharing snacks, and stacking chairs at the end of the practice. The act of singing, itself, might have contributed to transmission through emission of aerosols, which is affected by loudness of vocalization (1). Certain persons, known as superemitters, who release more aerosol particles during speech than do their peers, might have contributed to this and previously reported COVID-19 superspreading events (2-5). These data demonstrate the high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 and the possibility of superemitters contributing to broad transmission in certain unique activities and circumstances. It is recommended that persons avoid face-to-face contact with others, not gather in groups, avoid crowded places, maintain physical distancing of at least 6 feet to reduce transmission, and wear cloth face coverings in public settings where other social distancing measures are difficult to maintain."}, {"pmid": 32513810, "title": "Covid-19: Hydroxychloroquine does not benefit hospitalised patients, UK trial finds.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513810", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523607, "pmcid": "PMC7279122", "title": "[Recommendations for communicating bad news by phone during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemicRecomendacoes para a comunicacao de mas noticias por telefone durante a pandemia do SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Rev Panam Salud Publica", "authors": ["Belli, Laura F"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presents specific challenges for health professionals in the healthcare setting. In this emergency context, the communication of bad news is especially relevant because of the particular way it must be done: the need to maintain social distance or mobility restrictions imposed on the general population means that this task must often be carried out remotely, mostly by telephone calls. This confronts professionals with a number of particular obstacles: a) most of them have little or no training in this kind of communication skills, b) effective communication of bad news largely depends on body language, which is absent in this type of exchange, and c) since this type of remote dialogue is not recommended - except in particular circumstances such as the current ones - there is little literature available to guide the professionals who must carry out this task. This manuscript offers recommendations for remote communication of bad news by telephone, applicable to situations in which this task cannot be carried out in person. A proposal structured around four \"moments\" is presented to guide the remote transmission of bad news in order to improve the care of patients, families and caregivers during this exchange and to reduce the negative impact from it on health professionals."}, {"pmid": 32356294, "title": "Platelets in Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Larsen, Julie Brogaard", "Pasalic, Leonardo", "Hvas, Anne-Mette"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356294", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520236, "title": "Cerebral Infarction in an Elderly Patient with Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Alay, Handan", "Can, Fatma Kesmez", "Gozgec, Elif"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520236", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32116200, "title": "COVID-19: Perspectives on the Potential Novel Global Threat.", "journal": "Rev Recent Clin Trials", "authors": ["Gentile, Ivan", "Abenavoli, Ludovico"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32116200", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471012, "title": "Practical recommendations for gynecologic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Chiofalo, Benito", "Baiocco, Ermelinda", "Mancini, Emanuela", "Vocaturo, Giuseppe", "Cutillo, Giuseppe", "Vincenzoni, Cristina", "Bruni, Simone", "Bruno, Valentina", "Mancari, Rosanna", "Vizza, Enrico"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471012", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Surgery in suspected/confirmed COVID-19 patients is a high-risk venture. In infected patients, COVID-19 is present in the body cavity. During surgery it could be nebulized in the spray generated by surgical instruments and could theoretically infect members of the surgical team. Nevertheless, some surgical gynecologic pathologies cannot be postponed. We present a list of the most frequent gynecologic diseases and recommendations on their surgical management during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on expert opinion, current available information, and international scientific society recommendations to support the work of gynecologists worldwide. In brief, any kind of surgical treatment should be scrutinized and postponed if possible. Nonoperative conservative treatment including pharmacological therapies for hormone-sensitive pathologies should be implemented. Health risk assessment by patient history and COVID-19 test before elective surgery are pivotal to protect both patients and healthcare providers. In confirmed COVID-19 patients or highly suspected cases, elective surgery should be postponed until full recovery."}, {"pmid": 32438459, "title": "Efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine in children with COVID-19: A call for evidence.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Martinez, Carlos E", "Fernandes, Ricardo M", "Hawcutt, Daniel B", "Sinha, Ian P", "Pacheco, Rafael Leite"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438459", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362297, "pmcid": "PMC7235302", "title": "Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) use in COVID-19 prevention or treatment: A paradox.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Javanmard, Shaghayegh Haghjooy", "Heshmat-Ghahdarijani, Kiyan", "Vaseghi, Golnaz"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362297", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408156, "pmcid": "PMC7213959", "title": "Co-infection with respiratory pathogens among COVID-2019 cases.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Zhu, Xiaojuan", "Ge, Yiyue", "Wu, Tao", "Zhao, Kangchen", "Chen, Yin", "Wu, Bin", "Zhu, Fengcai", "Zhu, Baoli", "Cui, Lunbiao"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408156", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Accumulating evidence shows that microbial co-infection increases the risk of disease severity in humans. There have been few studies about SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with other pathogens. In this retrospective study, 257 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients in Jiangsu Province were enrolled from January 22 to February 2, 2020. They were re-confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and tested for 39 respiratory pathogens. In total, 24 respiratory pathogens were found among the patients, and 242 (94.2 %) patients were co-infected with one or more pathogens. Bacterial co-infections were dominant in all COVID-19 patients, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. The highest and lowest rates of co-infections were found in patients aged 15-44 and below 15, respectively. Most co-infections occurred within 1-4 days of onset of COVID-19 disease. In addition, the proportion of viral co-infections, fungal co-infections and bacterial-fungal co-infections were the highest severe COVID-19 cases. These results will provide a helpful reference for diagnosis and clinical treatment of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32498137, "title": "Forecasting COVID-19 Transmission and Healthcare Capacity in Bali, Indonesia.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Wirawan, I Md Ady", "Januraga, Pande Putu"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498137", "countries": ["India", "Indonesia"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, Bali needs to prepare to face the escalation of cases, with a particular focus on the readiness of healthcare services. We simulated the future trajectory of the epidemic under current conditions, projected the impact of policy interventions, and analyzed the implications for healthcare capacity. Our study was based on the first month of publicly accessible data on new confirmed daily cases. A susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered (SEIR) model for COVID-19 was employed to compare the current dynamics of the disease with those predicted under various scenarios. The fitted model for the cumulative number of confirmed cases in Bali indicated an effective reproduction number of 1.4. Interventions have decreased the possible maximum number of cases from 71 125 on day 86 to 22 340 on day 119, and have prolonged the doubling time from about 9 days to 21 days. This corresponds to an approximately 30% reduction in transmissions from cases of mild infections. There will be 2780 available hospital beds, and at the peak (on day 132), the number of severe cases is estimated to be roughly 6105. Of these cases, 1831 will need intensive care unit (ICU) beds, whereas the number of currently available ICU beds is roughly 446. The healthcare system in Bali is in danger of collapse; thus, serious efforts are needed to improve COVID-19 interventions and to prepare the healthcare system in Bali to the greatest extent possible."}, {"pmid": 32374357, "title": "The Ethics of COVID-19 Immunity-Based Licenses (\"Immunity Passports\").", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Persad, Govind", "Emanuel, Ezekiel J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374357", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32035811, "pmcid": "PMC7102579", "title": "Emerging threats from zoonotic coronaviruses-from SARS and MERS to 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lee, Ping-Ing", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035811", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425715, "pmcid": "PMC7233203", "title": "Implementing Emergency Gynecologic Surgery Guidelines during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Menhaji, Kimia", "Tran, Ann Do", "Garely, Alan D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425715", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267979, "pmcid": "PMC7262068", "title": "COVID-19: The Uninvited Guest in the Intensive Care Unit - Implications for Pharmacotherapy.", "journal": "Pharmacotherapy", "authors": ["Stringer, Kathleen A", "Puskarich, Michael A", "Kenes, Michael T", "Dickson, Robert P"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267979", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302814, "pmcid": "PMC7153530", "title": "Psychological status of parents of hospitalized children during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Yuan, Rong", "Xu, Qian-Hui", "Xia, Cui-Cui", "Lou, Chun-Yan", "Xie, Zhen", "Ge, Qian-Min", "Shao, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302814", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A series of unexplained pneumonia appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, which is highly contagious. The virus is prone to nervous and anxious psychological reactions. In the objective environment of complex and densely populated hospitals, it is a high-risk area for virus-transmitted infections and children generally have lower immunity who are more likely to develop infections. The results showed that the mental health problems of parents of hospitalized children during the epidemic were more serious, and the anxiety and depression were more obvious."}, {"pmid": 32224769, "pmcid": "PMC7176264", "title": "Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Guidelines on the Management of Critically Ill Adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Alhazzani, Waleed", "Moller, Morten Hylander", "Arabi, Yaseen M", "Loeb, Mark", "Gong, Michelle Ng", "Fan, Eddy", "Oczkowski, Simon", "Levy, Mitchell M", "Derde, Lennie", "Dzierba, Amy", "Du, Bin", "Aboodi, Michael", "Wunsch, Hannah", "Cecconi, Maurizio", "Koh, Younsuck", "Chertow, Daniel S", "Maitland, Kathryn", "Alshamsi, Fayez", "Belley-Cote, Emilie", "Greco, Massimiliano", "Laundy, Matthew", "Morgan, Jill S", "Kesecioglu, Jozef", "McGeer, Allison", "Mermel, Leonard", "Mammen, Manoj J", "Alexander, Paul E", "Arrington, Amy", "Centofanti, John E", "Citerio, Giuseppe", "Baw, Bandar", "Memish, Ziad A", "Hammond, Naomi", "Hayden, Frederick G", "Evans, Laura", "Rhodes, Andrew"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224769", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting thousands of people around the world. Urgent guidance for clinicians caring for the sickest of these patients is needed. We formed a panel of 36 experts from 12 countries. All panel members completed the World Health Organization conflict of interest disclosure form. The panel proposed 53 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 in the ICU. We searched the literature for direct and indirect evidence on the management of COVID-19 in critically ill patients in the ICU. We identified relevant and recent systematic reviews on most questions relating to supportive care. We assessed the certainty in the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, then generated recommendations based on the balance between benefit and harm, resource and cost implications, equity, and feasibility. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of best practice recommendations. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign COVID-19 panel issued 54 statements, of which four are best practice statements, nine are strong recommendations, and 35 are weak recommendations. No recommendation was provided for six questions. The topics were: 1) infection control, 2) laboratory diagnosis and specimens, 3) hemodynamic support, 4) ventilatory support, and 5) COVID-19 therapy. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign COVID-19 panel issued several recommendations to help support healthcare workers caring for critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. When available, we will provide new evidence in further releases of these guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32454025, "pmcid": "PMC7188629", "title": "The COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium: A Collaborative Effort to Understand the Effects of COVID-19 on Patients with Cancer.", "journal": "Cancer Cell", "authors": ["Rubinstein, Samuel M", "Steinharter, John A", "Warner, Jeremy", "Rini, Brian I", "Peters, Solange", "Choueiri, Toni K"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "National and international consortia will play a key role in understanding the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cancer patients. The COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) aims to collect and analyze observational data at scale to inform clinical practice in real-time."}, {"pmid": 32500243, "pmcid": "PMC7270155", "title": "Historical evidence for economic effects of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Health Econ", "authors": ["Ceylan, Rahmiye Figen", "Ozkan, Burhan", "Mulazimogullari, Esra"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Like wars and socio-politic shifts, contagious diseases have changed the economics and politics of the world throughout history. In 2020, the world faced COVID-19, a globally effective virus leading to mass losses and socio-economic panic. Due to apparent psycho-social conditions, analyzing the potential economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic was inevitable. Thus, discussing economic effects of previous global and regional epidemics is considered beneficial. This research evaluated most of the known epidemics and their effects on economics and socio-politics by reviewing scientific literature. In addition to the vast literature and observations on the ongoing process, we assessed the potential impacts of COVID-19 and potential ways to overcome these impacts. The most urgent socio-economic measures needed to combat the negative effects of a contagious disease are related to unemployment with its income effects and security of all sectors. To prevent persistent unemployment, service, retail, and even industrial sectors need to be supported. Additionally, we discussed the need for re-organizing the funding and managerial sustainability of healthcare services to be prepared for future."}, {"pmid": 32525391, "title": "Mental health stressors in Israel during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Shapiro, Ephraim", "Levine, Livia", "Kay, Avi"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525391", "countries": ["Israel"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A survey of 503 Israelis, performed in April 2020, found high levels of anxiety and risk for depression; these mental health issues were associated with several stressors connected with the coronavirus and related policies. However, only a small percentage of the sample received mental health care from a professional, with native-born Israelis less likely than recent immigrants to receive such care. Some possible initiatives based on these findings are suggested. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32367749, "pmcid": "PMC7212537", "title": "Transient appearance of EDTA dependent pseudothrombocytopenia in a patient with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Platelets", "authors": ["Li, Han", "Wang, Bangqin", "Ning, Leping", "Luo, Yu", "Xiang, Shulin"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367749", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "EDTA dependent pseudothrombocytopenia (EDTA-PCTP) is a phenomenon that characterized by a spurious decrease of platelets in vitro due to the aggregation of platelets in EDTA anticoagulant blood samples. We report the first case of a transient appearance of EDTA-PCTP in a patient with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). A 59-year-old woman was admitted to the isolated ward for severe type of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia. At the time of admission, her platelet count was in a normal range. Two days later, her platelet count decreased gradually without any signs or symptoms of bleeding. Since the peripheral blood smear showed a platelet aggregation, a blood sample anticoagulanted with citrate was tested and the number of platelet was normal. The phenomenon disappeared after 17\u00a0days when the patient was cured. This case emphasized the importance of peripheral blood smear and clinical manifestation, especially in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia."}, {"pmid": 32474676, "pmcid": "PMC7261212", "title": "Statement from the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging on imaging strategies to reduce the scarcity of healthcare resources during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Kicska, Gregory", "Litmanovich, Diana E", "Ordovas, Karen G", "Young, Phillip M", "Dennie, Carole", "Truong, Quynh A", "Abbara, Suhny", "Kirsch, Jacobo"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474676", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an evolving global pandemic that is predicted to strain healthcare resources at multiple locations throughout North America and the World. As of April 6, 2020, the apex of infection rates is predicted to occur within 1 to 5\u00a0weeks at various locations. Widespread reports of personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages, and healthcare worker exposure to disease have become commonplace. To mitigate this crisis, we are suggesting imaging strategies that aim to use the least PPE, require the smallest number of potential staff exposures, and streamlines utilization of imaging. They are broadly organized by (1) substituting a noninvasive diagnostic test in place of a semi-invasive or invasive diagnostic tests, and (2) consolidating diagnostic imaging."}, {"pmid": 32386947, "pmcid": "PMC7188650", "title": "[COVID-19, older adults and ageism: Mistakes that should never happen again].", "journal": "Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol", "authors": ["Tarazona-Santabalbina, Francisco Jose", "Martinez-Velilla, Nicolas", "Vidan, Maria Teresa", "Garcia-Navarro, Jose Augusto"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386947", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227671, "title": "COVID-19-Related School Closings and Risk of Weight Gain Among Children.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Rundle, Andrew G", "Park, Yoosun", "Herbstman, Julie B", "Kinsey, Eliza W", "Wang, Y Claire"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227671", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502485, "pmcid": "PMC7265864", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine for Coronavirus: The Urgent Need for a Moratorium on Prescriptions.", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Shih, Richard D", "Johnson, Heather M", "Maki, Dennis G", "Hennekens, Charles H"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502485", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405142, "pmcid": "PMC7219396", "title": "Chest-X-ray is a mainstay for follow-up in critically ill patients with covid-19 induced pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["de Barry, Olivier", "Obadia, Ilan", "El Hajjam, Mostafa", "Carlier, Robert-Yves"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405142", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463704, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A View From Vietnam.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Trevisan, Maurizio", "Le, Linh Cu", "Le, Anh Vu"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463704", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vietnam can be considered a success story in its handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. As of April 27, 2020, the country has had 270 cases (225 recovered), no deaths, and no new cases for the past 10 days (since April 18). On Friday, April 24, two new cases were identified at the airport, but both cases were quarantined at arrival. We provide a few take-home lessons from the Vietnam experience. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 28, 2020: e1-e2. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305751)."}, {"pmid": 32198776, "pmcid": "PMC7228368", "title": "Clinical features and treatment of COVID-19 patients in northeast Chongqing.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wan, Suxin", "Xiang, Yi", "Fang, Wei", "Zheng, Yu", "Li, Boqun", "Hu, Yanjun", "Lang, Chunhui", "Huang, Daoqiu", "Sun, Qiuyan", "Xiong, Yan", "Huang, Xia", "Lv, Jinglong", "Luo, Yaling", "Shen, Li", "Yang, Haoran", "Huang, Gu", "Yang, Ruishan"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198776", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the novel coronavirus in China (SARS-CoV-2) that began in December 2019 presents a significant and urgent threat to global health. This study was conducted to provide the international community with a deeper understanding of this new infectious disease. Epidemiological, clinical features, laboratory findings, radiological characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcomes of 135 patients in northeast Chongqing were collected and analyzed in this study. A total of 135 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. The median age was 47 years (interquartile range, 36-55), and there was no significant gender difference (53.3% men). The majority of patients had contact with people from the Wuhan area. Forty-three (31.9%) patients had underlying disease, primarily hypertension (13 [9.6%]), diabetes (12 [8.9%]), cardiovascular disease (7 [5.2%]), and malignancy (4 [3.0%]). Common symptoms included fever (120 [88.9%]), cough (102 [76.5%]), and fatigue (44 [32.5%]). Chest computed tomography scans showed bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs of all the patients. All patients received antiviral therapy (135 [100%]) (Kaletra and interferon were both used), antibacterial therapy (59 [43.7%]), and corticosteroids (36 [26.7%]). In addition, many patients received traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) (124 [91.8%]). It is suggested that patients should receive Kaletra early and should be treated by a combination of Western and Chinese medicines. Compared to the mild cases, the severe ones had lower lymphocyte counts and higher plasma levels of Pt, APTT, d-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, PCT, ALB, C-reactive protein, and aspartate aminotransferase. This study demonstrates the clinic features and therapies of 135 COVID-19 patients. Kaletra and TCM played an important role in the treatment of the viral pneumonia. Further studies are required to explore the role of Kaletra and TCM in the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32355694, "pmcid": "PMC7188540", "title": "Organ transplantation management in the midst of the COVID-19 outbreak: a synopsis.", "journal": "Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr", "authors": ["Zhang, Bo-Han", "Yan, Lyu-Nan", "Yang, Jia-Yin"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355694", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416014, "title": "A targeted response to the COVID-19 pandemic: analysing effectiveness of remote consultations for triage and management of routine dermatology referrals.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Corden, E", "Rogers, A", "Woo, W A", "Simmonds, R", "Mitchell, C"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416014", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New patient referrals from primary care into dermatology services usually enter via one of three routes: (i) 2 week wait for suspected serious skin malignancies, (ii) routine non-urgent cases and (iii) emergency referrals (via an on call service). All these patients are assessed via a face-to-face consultation, after various waiting times depending on their urgency."}, {"pmid": 32035430, "title": "[Recommendations on extracorporeal life support for critically ill patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035430", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Along with the sharp increase of confirmed cases novel coronavirus infection, more critically ill cases require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Based on the clinical data of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), as well as the dada from previous clinical studies and the recommendations from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO), the committee board of the Chinese Society of Extracorporeal Life Support (CSECLS) made this recommendations to guide clinical ECMO application in the patients with NCP."}, {"pmid": 32473953, "pmcid": "PMC7255746", "title": "Diagnostic performance of 7 rapid IgG/IgM antibody tests and the Euroimmun IgA/IgG ELISA in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Van Elslande, Jan", "Houben, Els", "Depypere, Melissa", "Brackenier, Anouk", "Desmet, Stefanie", "Andre, Emmanuel", "Van Ranst, Marc", "Lagrou, Katrien", "Vermeersch, Pieter"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473953", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the diagnostic performance of seven rapid IgG/IgM tests and the Euroimmun IgA/IgG ELISA for antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in COVID-19 patients. Specificity was evaluated in 103 samples collected before January 2020. Sensitivity and time to seropositivity was evaluated in 167 samples from 94 patients with COVID-19 confirmed with RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swab. Specificity (confidence interval) of lateral flow assays (LFAs) was \u226591.3% (84.0-95.5) for IgM, \u226590.3% (82.9-94.8) for IgG, and \u226585.4% (77.2-91.1) for the combination IgM OR IgG. Specificity of the ELISA was 96.1% (90.1-98.8) for IgG and only 73.8% (64.5-81.4) for IgA. Sensitivity 14-25\u00a0days after the onset of symptoms was between \u226592.1% (78.5-98.0) and 100% (95.7-100) for IgG LFA compared to 89.5% (75.3-96.4) for IgG ELISA. Positivity of IgM OR IgG for LFA resulted in a decrease in specificity compared to IgG alone without a gain in diagnostic performance, except for VivaDiag. The results for IgM varied significantly between the LFAs with an average overall agreement of only 70% compared to 89% for IgG. The average dynamic trend to seropositivity for IgM was not shorter than for IgG. At the time of hospital admission the sensitivity of LFA was <60%. Sensitivity for the detection of IgG antibodies 14-25\u00a0days after the onset of symptoms was \u226592.1% for all seven LFAs compared to 89.5% for the IgG ELISA. The results for IgM varied significantly, and including IgM antibodies in addition to IgG for the interpretation of LFAs did not improve the diagnostic performance."}, {"pmid": 32140676, "pmcid": "PMC7046497", "title": "Emerging zoonoses: A one health challenge.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32140676", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386672, "pmcid": "PMC7252185", "title": "The COVID-19 effect: number of patients presenting to The Mid Yorkshire Hospitals OMFS team with dental infections before and during The COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Long, L", "Corsar, K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386672", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper investigates the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak and closure of dental practices on the frequency and severity of dental infections presenting in our emergency department. We compared the mean number of daily emergency department referrals for dental abscesses in the two weeks prior to and following the Chief Dental Officer's statement advising general dental practitioners to cease routine appointments, the mean number decreased from 1 to 0.37. In contrast, the severity and requirement for admission of these infections rose from 35% to 80%. This highlights the importance of the provision of local urgent dental centres during the COVID-19 outbreak in order to reduce pressure on secondary and tertiary care centres."}, {"pmid": 32430493, "title": "24th Collegium Ramazzini statement. Prevention of work-related infection in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Occup Med Environ Health", "authors": ["Ramazzini Bologna Italy, Collegium"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430493", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343669, "pmcid": "PMC7205030", "title": "Creating COVID-19 Stigma by Referencing the Novel Coronavirus as the \"Chinese virus\" on Twitter: Quantitative Analysis of Social Media Data.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Budhwani, Henna", "Sun, Ruoyan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343669", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Stigma is the deleterious, structural force that devalues members of groups that hold undesirable characteristics. Since stigma is created and reinforced by society-through in-person and online social interactions-referencing the novel coronavirus as the \"Chinese virus\" or \"China virus\" has the potential to create and perpetuate stigma. The aim of this study was to assess if there was an increase in the prevalence and frequency of the phrases \"Chinese virus\" and \"China virus\" on Twitter after the March 16, 2020, US presidential reference of this term. Using the Sysomos software (Sysomos, Inc), we extracted tweets from the United States using a list of keywords that were derivatives of \"Chinese virus.\" We compared tweets at the national and state levels posted between March 9 and March 15 (preperiod) with those posted between March 19 and March 25 (postperiod). We used Stata 16 (StataCorp) for quantitative analysis, and Python (Python Software Foundation) to plot a state-level heat map. A total of 16,535 \"Chinese virus\" or \"China virus\" tweets were identified in the preperiod, and 177,327 tweets were identified in the postperiod, illustrating a nearly ten-fold increase at the national level. All 50 states witnessed an increase in the number of tweets exclusively mentioning \"Chinese virus\" or \"China virus\" instead of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or coronavirus. On average, 0.38 tweets referencing \"Chinese virus\" or \"China virus\" were posted per 10,000 people at the state level in the preperiod, and 4.08 of these stigmatizing tweets were posted in the postperiod, also indicating a ten-fold increase. The 5 states with the highest number of postperiod \"Chinese virus\" tweets were Pennsylvania (n=5249), New York (n=11,754), Florida (n=13,070), Texas (n=14,861), and California (n=19,442). Adjusting for population size, the 5 states with the highest prevalence of postperiod \"Chinese virus\" tweets were Arizona (5.85), New York (6.04), Florida (6.09), Nevada (7.72), and Wyoming (8.76). The 5 states with the largest increase in pre- to postperiod \"Chinese virus\" tweets were Kansas (n=697/58, 1202%), South Dakota (n=185/15, 1233%), Mississippi (n=749/54, 1387%), New Hampshire (n=582/41, 1420%), and Idaho (n=670/46, 1457%). The rise in tweets referencing \"Chinese virus\" or \"China virus,\" along with the content of these tweets, indicate that knowledge translation may be occurring online and COVID-19 stigma is likely being perpetuated on Twitter."}, {"pmid": 32335097, "pmcid": "PMC7179491", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and DPP4 inhibition: Is it time to pray for Janus Bifrons?", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Pitocco, Dario", "Tartaglione, Linda", "Viti, Luca", "Di Leo, Mauro", "Pontecorvi, Alfredo", "Caputo, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335097", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes could be a risk factor for severity and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19. It has been hypothesized that DPP4 inhibition, a therapy currently available for type 2 diabetes, might represent a target for decreasing the risk of the acute respiratory complications of the COVID-19 infection but (1) lack of demonstration of SARS-CoV2 binding to DPP4 (2) possible protective role of sDPP4 in Middle East respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) (3) demonstrated inhibition and downregulation of DPP4 by HIV1 and MERS-CoV and (4) not exclusive role of the receptor binding in tropism of the Coronavirus family, support that DPP4 inhibition at present doesn't represent a plausible approach to mitigate COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32445195, "title": "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis care and research in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and opportunities.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Andrews, Jinsy A", "Berry, James D", "Baloh, Robert H", "Carberry, Nathan", "Cudkowicz, Merit E", "Dedi, Brixhilda", "Glass, Jonathan", "Maragakis, Nicholas J", "Miller, Timothy M", "Paganoni, Sabrina", "Rothstein, Jeffrey D", "Shefner, Jeremy M", "Simmons, Zachary", "Weiss, Michael D", "Bedlack, Richard S"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445195", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 has created unprecedented challenges for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) clinical care and research in the United States. Traditional evaluations for making an ALS diagnosis, measuring progression, and planning interventions rely on in-person visits that may now be unsafe or impossible. Evidence- and experience-based treatment options, such as multidisciplinary team care, feeding tubes, wheelchairs, home health, and hospice, have become more difficult to obtain and in some places are unavailable. In addition, the pandemic has impacted ALS clinical trials by impairing the ability to obtain measurements for trial eligibility, to monitor safety and efficacy outcomes, and to dispense study drug, as these also often rely on in-person visits. We review opportunities for overcoming some of these challenges through telemedicine and novel measurements. These can reoptimize ALS care and research in the current setting and during future events that may limit travel and face-to-face interactions."}, {"pmid": 32395897, "pmcid": "PMC7272792", "title": "Recent progress on the diagnosis of 2019 Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Li, Chun", "Ren, Linzhu"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395897", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. Therefore, convenient, timely and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed. Here, we review the types, characteristics and shortcomings of various detection methods, as well as perspectives for the SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Clinically, nucleic acid-based methods are sensitive but prone to false-positive. The antibody-based method has slightly lower sensitivity but higher accuracy. Therefore, it is suggested to combine the two methods to improve the detection accuracy of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32404637, "title": "Dealing With the CARDS of COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Marini, John J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404637", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273583, "title": "When COVID-19 meets centralized, personalized power.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Ang, Yuen Yuen"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273583", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522845, "title": "Managing hand and reconstructive microsurgery service during COVID-19 pandemic: Singapore experience.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Omar, Usama Farghaly", "Pei Yein, Tong", "Rajaratnam, Vaikunthan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522845", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Managing healthcare service during pandemics and outbreaks is a challenging process. The aim is to keep patient safety as the priority, besides, continuing to provide essential healthcare services. Situational audit was performed for the services rendered before and during COVID-19 pandemic and the elevation of the disease alert status, and a retrospective analysis of the attendance and procedures performed in the service. We present a methodology for performing a situational audit and generating service modification for hand and reconstructive microsurgery unit in a pandemic. There was no significant difference between the number of patients seen at outpatient clinics. However, there was a reduction in the numbers of total surgeries performed, with a 40% drop in the number of elective surgeries performed. There was also a reduction of cases seen in the emergency department hand clinic. COVID-19 pandemic is currently affecting not only the health service but also, other vital services all over the world. The pandemic puts significant challenges to acute surgical services in a hospital system involved in the management of the pandemic. Surgeons need to take proactive and a systematic approach in managing the available resources while maintaining essential surgical services. This paper provides the tools and methodology for doctors to plan their services in a pandemic situation. It is possible to maintain essential surgical services in a pandemic situation through rapid situational audits and generating localised strategies while considering the constraints imposed during the pandemics while maintaining patient and staff safety."}, {"pmid": 32478538, "title": "COVID-19 emergency in the hospital: How the clinical psychology unit is responding.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Cao di San Marco, Eugenia", "Menichetti, Julia", "Vegni, Elena"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478538", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present commentary describes the main care services implemented by the clinical psychology unit of an Italian hospital to cope with the COVID-19 emergency outbreak. The unit's main goal has been to support and protect health care professionals, relatives of hospitalized patients, and patients themselves from further psychological distress. Details and insights are shared. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32382657, "pmcid": "PMC7197457", "title": "Assay Techniques and Test Development for COVID-19 Diagnosis.", "journal": "ACS Cent Sci", "authors": ["Carter, Linda J", "Garner, Linda V", "Smoot, Jeffrey W", "Li, Yingzhu", "Zhou, Qiongqiong", "Saveson, Catherine J", "Sasso, Janet M", "Gregg, Anne C", "Soares, Divya J", "Beskid, Tiffany R", "Jervey, Susan R", "Liu, Cynthia"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382657", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394175, "pmcid": "PMC7212724", "title": "ELSA recommendations for minimally invasive surgery during a community spread pandemic: a centered approach in Asia from widespread to recovery phases.", "journal": "Surg Endosc", "authors": ["Shabbir, Asim", "Menon, Raj K", "Somani, Jyoti", "So, Jimmy B Y", "Ozman, Mahir", "Chiu, Philip W Y", "Lomanto, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes to surgical practice across the worlds. Some countries are seeing a tailing down of cases, while others are still having persistent and sustained community spread. These evolving disease patterns call for a customized and dynamic approach to the selection, screening, planning, and for the conduct of surgery for these patients. The current literature and various international society guidelines were reviewed and a set of recommendations were drafted. These were circulated to the Governors of the Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Surgeons of Asia (ELSA) for expert comments and discussion. The results of these were compiled and are presented in this paper. The recommendations include guidance for selection and screening of patients in times of active community spread, limited community spread, during times of sporadic cases\u00a0or recovery and the transition between phases. Personal protective equipment requirements are also reviewed for each phase as minimum requirements. Capability management for the re-opening of services is also discussed. The choice between open and laparoscopic surgery is patient based, and the relative advantages of laparoscopic surgery with regard to complications, and respiratory recovery after major surgery has to be weighed against the lack of safety data for laparoscopic surgery in COVID-19 positive patients. We provide recommendations on the operating room set up and conduct of general surgery. If laparoscopic surgery is to be performed, we describe circuit modifications to assist in reducing plume generation and aerosolization. The COVID-19 pandemic requires every surgical unit to have clear guidelines to ensure both patient and staff safety. These guidelines may assist in providing guidance to units developing their own protocols. A judicious approach must be adopted as surgical units look to re-open services as the pandemic evolves."}, {"pmid": 32526075, "title": "A letter of solidarity during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Lazarus, Jeffrey V", "Negro, Francesco", "El-Sayed, Manal", "Colombo, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a substantial impact on the lives of most of the worlds' population. We are aware that for liver disease patients this has been especially concerning. The editorial from Sun and colleagues [1] provides an overview of the major challenges facing liver specialists as they strive to deliver essential services, and highlights some of the critical research gaps around COVID-19 and liver disease."}, {"pmid": 32409561, "pmcid": "PMC7221473", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tang, Wei", "Cao, Zhujun", "Han, Mingfeng", "Wang, Zhengyan", "Chen, Junwen", "Sun, Wenjin", "Wu, Yaojie", "Xiao, Wei", "Liu, Shengyong", "Chen, Erzhen", "Chen, Wei", "Wang, Xiongbiao", "Yang, Jiuyong", "Lin, Jun", "Zhao, Qingxia", "Yan, Youqin", "Xie, Zhibin", "Li, Dan", "Yang, Yaofeng", "Liu, Leshan", "Qu, Jieming", "Ning, Guang", "Shi, Guochao", "Xie, Qing"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409561", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine plus standard of care compared with standard of care alone in adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial. 16 government designated covid-19 treatment centres in China, 11 to 29 February 2020. 150 patients admitted to hospital with laboratory confirmed covid-19 were included in the intention to treat analysis (75 patients assigned to hydroxychloroquine plus standard of care, 75 to standard of care alone). Hydroxychloroquine administrated at a loading dose of 1200 mg daily for three days followed by a maintenance dose of 800 mg daily (total treatment duration: two or three weeks for patients with mild to moderate or severe disease, respectively). Negative conversion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by 28 days, analysed according to the intention to treat principle. Adverse events were analysed in the safety population in which hydroxychloroquine recipients were participants who received at least one dose of hydroxychloroquine and hydroxychloroquine non-recipients were those managed with standard of care alone. Of 150 patients, 148 had mild to moderate disease and two had severe disease. The mean duration from symptom onset to randomisation was 16.6 (SD 10.5; range 3-41) days. A total of 109 (73%) patients (56 standard of care; 53 standard of care plus hydroxychloroquine) had negative conversion well before 28 days, and the remaining 41 (27%) patients (19 standard of care; 22 standard of care plus hydroxychloroquine) were censored as they did not reach negative conversion of virus. The probability of negative conversion by 28 days in the standard of care plus hydroxychloroquine group was 85.4% (95% confidence interval 73.8% to 93.8%), similar to that in the standard of care group (81.3%, 71.2% to 89.6%). The difference between groups was 4.1% (95% confidence interval -10.3% to 18.5%). In the safety population, adverse events were recorded in 7/80 (9%) hydroxychloroquine non-recipients and in 21/70 (30%) hydroxychloroquine recipients. The most common adverse event in the hydroxychloroquine recipients was diarrhoea, reported in 7/70 (10%) patients. Two hydroxychloroquine recipients reported serious adverse events. Administration of hydroxychloroquine did not result in a significantly higher probability of negative conversion than standard of care alone in patients admitted to hospital with mainly persistent mild to moderate covid-19. Adverse events were higher in hydroxychloroquine recipients than in non-recipients. ChiCTR2000029868."}, {"pmid": 32410141, "pmcid": "PMC7224351", "title": "Expressions and significances of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19.", "journal": "Mol Biol Rep", "authors": ["Fu, Jiewen", "Zhou, Baixu", "Zhang, Lianmei", "Balaji, Kyathegowdanadoddi Srinivasa", "Wei, Chunli", "Liu, Xiaoyan", "Chen, Hanchun", "Peng, Jiangzhou", "Fu, Junjiang"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410141", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ACE2 gene is a receptor of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). To analyze the expression profiles and clinical significances for this gene in humans, RNA-seq data representing 27 different tissues were analyzed using NCBI; total RNA was extracted from different tissues of mouse and semi-quantitative reverse transcriptional-polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) was carried out. Immunohistochemistry expression profiles in normal tissues and cancer tissues and TCGA survival analysis in renal and liver cancer were conducted. ACE2 was highly conserved in different species. In normal tissues, ACE2 expression distributions were organ-specific, mainly in the kidney, male testis and female breast, and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. High level of expression in testis, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system indicated that SARS-CoV-2 might not only attack the lungs, but also affect other organs, particularly the testes, thus it may severely damage male sexual development for younger male and lead to infertility in an adult male, if he contracted COVID-19. On the other side, high expression of ACE2 was correlated with increased survival rate in renal and liver cancer, indicating that ACE2 is a prognostic marker in both renal cancer and liver cancers. Thus, the ACE2 is a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and has a potential anti-tumor role in cancer. Taken together, this study may not only provide potential clues for further medical pathogenesis of COVID-19 and male fertility, but also indicate the clinical significance of the role of the ACE2 gene in cancer."}, {"pmid": 32296811, "pmcid": "PMC7184386", "title": "New preventative measures against coronavirus disease 2019 for home care aides in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Weng, Cheng-Chie", "Lin, Yueh-Er", "Lin, Yu-Chin", "Chen, Wei"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296811", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425281, "pmcid": "PMC7227502", "title": "12 Lessons Learned from the Management of the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Health Policy", "authors": ["Forman, Rebecca", "Atun, Rifat", "McKee, Martin", "Mossialos, Elias"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425281", "countries": ["Singapore", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Japan", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly since the first cases hit Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, and has now landed in almost every part of the world. By mid-February 2020, China, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and - to some extent - Japan began to contain and control the spread of the virus, while conversely, cases increased rapidly in Europe and the United States. In response to the pandemic, many countries have had to introduce drastic legally mandated lockdowns to enforce physical separation, which are ravaging economies worldwide. Although it will be many months or even years before the final verdict can be reached, we believe that it is already possible to identify 12 key lessons that we can learn from to reduce the tremendous economic and social costs of this pandemic and which can inform responses to future crises. These include lessons around the importance of transparency, solidarity, coordination, decisiveness, clarity, accountability and more."}, {"pmid": 32518132, "title": "Operationalizing COVID-19 testing: Who, what, when, where, why, and how.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Reddy, Anita J", "Fraser, Thomas G", "Grover, Purva", "Weathers, Allison L", "Cruise, Michael", "Foxx, Meredith A", "Babiuch, Christopher M", "Henricks, Walter H", "Meldon, Stephen W", "Muenzenmeyer, Ashleigh", "Pengel, Shannon L", "Simon, James F", "Procop, Gary W"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518132", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The authors review the rationale behind and approaches to testing for COVID-19, the quality of currently available tests, the role of data analytics in strategizing testing, and using the electronic medical record and other programs designed to steward COVID-19 testing and follow-up of patients."}, {"pmid": 32446311, "pmcid": "PMC7245505", "title": "Efficacy of Liu-zi-jue in Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19): structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Zhang, Shuaipan", "Lv, Zhizhen", "Zhu, Qingguang", "Sun, Wuquan", "Yao, Fei", "Fang, Lei", "Cheng, Yanbin", "Wu, Zhiwei", "Fang, Min"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446311", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Efficacy of conventional treatment plus the complementary therapy Liu-zi-jue (a mind-body exercise) to treat patients with mild COVID-19. The study is a single-center 2 arm, randomized controlled trial with parallel-group design."}, {"pmid": 32359076, "pmcid": "PMC7267651", "title": "COVID-19: Use of the Clinical Frailty Scale for Critical Care Decisions.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Chong, Edward", "Chan, Mark", "Tan, Huei Nuo", "Lim, Wee Shiong"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359076", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374029, "pmcid": "PMC7267572", "title": "Arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 in low-risk patients despite prophylaxis.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Griffin, Daniel O", "Jensen, Alexandra", "Khan, Mushmoom", "Chin, Jessica", "Chin, Kelly", "Parnell, Ryan", "Awwad, Christopher", "Patel, Darshan"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374029", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32172546, "title": "[A pathological report of three COVID-19 cases by minimal invasive autopsies].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yao, X H", "Li, T Y", "He, Z C", "Ping, Y F", "Liu, H W", "Yu, S C", "Mou, H M", "Wang, L H", "Zhang, H R", "Fu, W J", "Luo, T", "Liu, F", "Guo, Q N", "Chen, C", "Xiao, H L", "Guo, H T", "Lin, S", "Xiang, D F", "Shi, Y", "Pan, G Q", "Li, Q R", "Huang, X", "Cui, Y", "Liu, X Z", "Tang, W", "Pan, P F", "Huang, X Q", "Ding, Y Q", "Bian, X W"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32172546", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the pathological characteristics and the clinical significance of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (termed by WHO as coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19). Methods: Minimally invasive autopsies from lung, heart, kidney, spleen, bone marrow, liver, pancreas, stomach, intestine, thyroid and skin were performed on three patients died of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Chongqing, China. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE), transmission electron microcopy, and histochemical staining were performed to investigate the pathological changes of indicated organs or tissues. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells as well as the expression of 2019-nCoV proteins. Real time PCR was carried out to detect the RNA of 2019-nCoV. Results: Various damages were observed in the alveolar structure, with minor serous exudation and fibrin exudation. Hyaline membrane formation was observed in some alveoli. The infiltrated immune cells in alveoli were majorly macrophages and monocytes. Moderate multinucleated giant cells, minimal lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils were also observed. Most of infiltrated lymphocytes were CD4-positive T cells. Significant proliferation of type \u2161 alveolar epithelia and focal desquamation of alveolar epithelia were also indicated. The blood vessels of alveolar septum were congested, edematous and widened, with modest infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes. Hyaline thrombi were found in a minority of microvessels. Focal hemorrhage in lung tissue, organization of exudates in some alveolar cavities, and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis were observed. Part of the bronchial epithelia were exfoliated. Coronavirus particles in bronchial mucosal epithelia and type \u2161 alveolar epithelia were observed under electron microscope. Immunohistochemical staining showed that part of the alveolar epithelia and macrophages were positive for 2019-nCoV antigen. Real time PCR analyses identified positive signals for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid. Decreased numbers of lymphocyte, cell degeneration and necrosis were observed in spleen. Furthermore, degeneration and necrosis of parenchymal cells, formation of hyaline thrombus in small vessels, and pathological changes of chronic diseases were observed in other organs and tissues, while no evidence of coronavirus infection was observed in these organs. Conclusions: The lungs from novel coronavirus pneumonia patients manifest significant pathological lesions, including the alveolar exudative inflammation and interstitial inflammation, alveolar epithelium proliferation and hyaline membrane formation. While the 2019-nCoV is mainly distributed in lung, the infection also involves in the damages of heart, vessels, liver, kidney and other organs. Further studies are warranted to investigate the mechanism underlying pathological changes of this disease."}, {"pmid": 32356641, "title": "Addressing multiple gastroenterological aspects of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Eder, Piotr", "Lodyga, Michal", "Dobrowolska, Agnieszka", "Rydzewska, Grazyna", "Kamhieh-Milz, Julian"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356641", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201119) pandemic has become the biggest challenge for the whole human community since many years. It seems that the proper identification of all people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2011CoV\u20112) is the best strategy to limit the transmission. However, in a significant proportion of patients, there are no clinical manifestations of the disease, and symptoms may be very mild or atypical. There is a growing body of evidence that digestive manifestations of COVID\u201119 are frequently reported and may precede typical respiratory symptoms. Moreover, SARS\u2011CoV\u20112 particles were found in the gastrointestinal epithelial cells, and viral RNA was detected in the feces of patients with COVID\u201119. These data suggest that gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID\u201119 are not accidental findings and they may result from direct digestive involvement. Patients with new\u2011onset diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting without any other evident etiological factors should be tested for SARS\u2011CoV\u20112 infection. Gastroenterologists and members of other medical specialties should also remember that the current epidemiological situation has changed diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms in the management of several gastrointestinal and liver disorders. This review article summarizes the currently available data on multiple gastroenterological aspects of COVID\u201119 and provides information on practical recommendations and position statements of the most prominent associations in the field of gastroenterology, which appeared in response to the emergence of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32424977, "title": "Feasibility and High Quality Measured in the Rapid Expansion of Telemedicine During COVID-19 for Sports and Musculoskeletal Medicine Practice.", "journal": "PM R", "authors": ["Tenforde, Adam S", "Iaccarino, Mary A", "Borgstrom, Haylee", "Hefner, Jaye E", "Silver, Julie", "Ahmed, Marwa", "Babu, Ashwin N", "Blauwet, Cheri A", "Elson, Lauren", "Eng, Christine", "Kotler, Dana", "Homer, Scott", "Makovitch, Steven", "McInnis, Kelly C", "Vora, Ariana", "Borg-Stein, Joanne"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424977", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in an expansion of telemedicine. Measures of quality and barriers for rapid use by patients and physicians are not well described. To describe results from a quality improvement initiative during rapid adoptive phase of telemedicine during the pandemic. Patient and physician satisfaction with synchronous audiovisual telemedicine visits was measured during early adoptive phase (April 6-17, 2020) within the division of sports medicine in an academic Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) department. Patients were invited to participate in a quality improvement initiative by completing an online survey at the end of a telemedicine visit. Physicians completed a separate survey. Patient measures included visit type, duration of encounter, quality, and satisfaction. Physicians reported on experiences performing telemedicine. Surveys were completed by 119 patients (289 telemedicine encounters, response rate 41%) and 13 physiatrists. Telemedicine was utilized primarily for follow-up visits (n=74, 70.6%) and most common duration was 15-29 minutes. Patients rated their telemedicine visit as \"excellent\" or \"very good\" across measures (91.6-95.0%) including addressing concerns, communication, developing a treatment plan, convenience, and satisfaction. Value of completing a future telemedicine visit was measured at 84.9%. Most reported estimated travel time saved in excess of 30 minutes. Rate of no-show was 2.8%. Most physicians (62%) had no prior experience with telemedicine visits, and most were comfortable performing these visits after completing 1-4 sessions (69%). Nearly all physicians (92%) rated their telemedicine experience as very good or excellent. The key barrier identified for telemedicine was technical issues. All physicians reported plans to perform telemedicine visits if reimbursement continues. In summary, rapid expansion of telemedicine during COVID-19 pandemic was well-received by a majority of patients and physicians. This suggests feasibility in rapid expansion of telemedicine for other outpatient sports medicine practices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32316618, "pmcid": "PMC7238102", "title": "Novel Coronavirus: Current Understanding of Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Options.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Mungroo, Mohammad Ridwane", "Khan, Naveed Ahmed", "Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316618", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in devastating consequences worldwide and infected more than 350,000 individuals and killed more than 16,000 people. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the coronavirus family to affect humans. Symptoms of COVID-19 include fever (88%), cough (68%), vomiting (5%) and diarrhoea (3.7%), and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is thought to occur from human to human via respiratory secretions released by the infected individuals when coughing and sneezing. COVID-19 can be detected through computed tomography scans and confirmed through molecular diagnostics tools such as polymerase chain reaction. Currently, there are no effective treatments against SARS-CoV-2, hence antiviral drugs have been used to reduce the development of respiratory complications by reducing viral load. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on the pathogenesis, clinical aspects, diagnosis, challenges and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32271278, "pmcid": "PMC7253044", "title": "Integrated Radiologic Algorithm for COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Sverzellati, Nicola", "Milanese, Gianluca", "Milone, Francesca", "Balbi, Maurizio", "Ledda, Roberta E", "Silva, Mario"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271278", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444648, "pmcid": "PMC7242886", "title": "COVID-19 and management of neuroimmunological disorders.", "journal": "Nat Rev Neurol", "authors": ["Hartung, Hans-Peter", "Aktas, Orhan"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444648", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423583, "pmcid": "PMC7200129", "title": "Acute limb ischaemia in two young, non-atherosclerotic patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Perini, Paolo", "Nabulsi, Bilal", "Massoni, Claudio Bianchini", "Azzarone, Matteo", "Freyrie, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423583", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339487, "pmcid": "PMC7194694", "title": "Abnormalities of peripheral blood system in patients with COVID-19 in Wenzhou, China.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Sun, Suyu", "Cai, Xuejiao", "Wang, Huaguo", "He, Guiqing", "Lin, Yin", "Lu, Bibi", "Chen, Chaoyue", "Pan, Yong", "Hu, Xingzhong"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339487", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first found in Wuhan, China and soon was reported all around the world. All confirmed cases with COVID-19 in Wenzhou from January 19 to February 20, 2020, were collected and analyzed. Of the 116 patients with COVID-19, 27 were diagnosed as severe cases. Among severe cases, 9 were treated in ICU. The data of blood routine examination were analyzed and compared among common patients (as common group), severe patients admitted to intensive care unit (as severe ICU group) and severe patients not admitted to ICU (as severe non-ICU group). The blood routine examination results were dynamically observed in the above groups after admission. Patients with COVID-19 have lower counts of leucocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, platelets, and hemoglobin, but have higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), which were compared with controls (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). In severe ICU group, patients have the lowest count of lymphocytes, but the highest neutrophil count and NLR among the above three groups (all P values\u00a0<\u00a00.05); NLR and MLR indicators were combined for diagnostic efficacy analysis of severe COVID-19, and its area under the curve reached 0.925. The odds ratio of the delay in days to the start of the increase of eosinophil count for predicting the outcome of patients with severe COVID-19 was 2.291 after age adjusted. Patients with COVID-19 have abnormal peripheral blood routine examination results. Dynamic surveillance of peripheral blood system especially eosinophils is helpful in the prediction of severe COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32425716, "pmcid": "PMC7233234", "title": "JMIG during the COVID-19 Crisis: Drawing on our International Expertise.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Frishman, Gary N", "Falcone, Tommaso"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425716", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437432, "pmcid": "PMC7241810", "title": "Knowledge, perceptions and preventive practices towards COVID-19 early in the outbreak among Jimma university medical center visitors, Southwest Ethiopia.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Kebede, Yohannes", "Yitayih, Yimenu", "Birhanu, Zewdie", "Mekonen, Seblework", "Ambelu, Argaw"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437432", "countries": ["Ethiopia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel-coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is currently a pandemic and public health emergency of international concern, as avowed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Ethiopia has become one of the affected countries as of March 15, 2020. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practices among the Jimma University medical center (JUMC) visitors in Jimma town. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 247 sampled visitors, from 20-24 March 2020. Consecutive sampling was used to recruit the participants. The study tools were adapted from WHO resources. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the status of knowledge, perception, and practices. Logistic regression was executed to assess the predictors of dominant preventive practices. Of the 247 respondents, 205 (83.0%) knew the main clinical symptoms of COVID-19. 72.0% knew that older people who have chronic illnesses are at high risk of developing a severe form of COVID-19. About 95.1% knew that the COVID-19 virus spreads via respiratory droplets of infected people, while 77 (31.2%) of the respondents knew about the possibility of asymptomatic transmission. Only 15 (6.1%) knew that children and young adults had to involve preventive measures. Overall, 41.3% of the visitors had high knowledge. The majority, 170(68.8%), felt self-efficacious to controlling COVID-19. 207(83.3%) believed that COVID-19 is a stigmatized disease. Frequent hand washing (77.3%) and avoidance of shaking hands (53.8%) were the dominant practices. Knowledge status and self-efficacy (positively), older age, and unemployment (negatively) predicted hand washing and avoidance of handshaking. The status of knowledge and desirable practices were not sufficient enough to combat this rapidly spreading virus. COVID-19 risk communication and public education efforts should focus on building an appropriate level of knowledge while enhancing the adoption of recommended self-care practices with special emphasis on high-risk audience segments."}, {"pmid": 32463483, "title": "Letter to the Editor in relation to Bistrian BR. Parenteral fish oil emulsions in critically ill COVID-19 emulsions [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 8]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2020;10.1002/jpen.1871.", "journal": "JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr", "authors": ["Torrinhas, Raquel S", "Calder, Philip C", "Waitzberg, Dan L"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463483", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this letter we discuss the proposition of Bristian BR (2020) to use the intravenous administration of fish oil emulsions in critically ill COVID-19. We consider that immune modulatory properties of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, rapidly provided in high amounts by fish oil emulsion, may be important to change the course of COVID-19's death pathway. Prescriptions should be based on body weight (e.g. 0.2 g pure FOLE/kg body weight/day) and also should consider combining the parenteral administration of fish oil emulsion to low oral aspirin intake, in order to trigger resolvin synthesis from EPA and DHA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32396457, "title": "Subphenotyping ARDS in COVID-19 Patients: Consequences for Ventilator Management.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Bos, Lieuwe Dj", "Paulus, Frederique", "Vlaar, Alexander P J", "Beenen, Ludo F M", "Schultz, Marcus J"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396457", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374806, "title": "Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Ozamiz-Etxebarria, Naiara", "Dosil-Santamaria, Maria", "Picaza-Gorrochategui, Maitane", "Idoiaga-Mondragon, Nahia"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374806", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 virus reached Spain in March 2020, and a nationwide state of alert was declared on March 14th, leading to the confinement of the entire population. The current study was conducted in the Basque Autonomous Community in northern Spain. The authors analyzed stress, anxiety, and depression with the arrival of the virus and the levels of symptoms according to age, comorbidity, and confinement. Levels of anxiety, stress, and depression were measured in a sample of 976 adults, using the DASS scale (Depression Anxiety, and Stress Scale). Although levels of symptoms were generally low at the start of the alert, younger individuals with chronic diseases reported more symptoms than the rest of the population. The study also detected higher levels of symptoms after the stay-at-home order was issued. Such symptoms are predicted to increase as the confinement continues. The authors propose psychological interventions for prevention and treatment in order to mitigate the pandemic's psychological impacts."}, {"pmid": 32496413, "title": "Uncommon Presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection in a Child.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Manzoni, Paolo", "Loperfido, Bruna", "Eshraghy, Mohamed Reza", "Lingua, Anna", "Polastri, Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496413", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296170, "title": "COVID-19 Q&A: Collaborating and coordinating keeps a zebrafish facility going.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Neff, Ellen P"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296170", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523931, "pmcid": "PMC7279904", "title": "Fatal Ischaemic Stroke During COVID-19 and Acute Lung Injury.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Duroi, Iris", "Van Durme, Frederik", "Bruyns, Tony", "Louage, Sofie", "Heyse, Alex"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523931", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe COVID-19 may predispose to both venous and arterial thrombosis. We describe a patient with acute ischaemic stroke while suffering from COVID-19 and respiratory failure, necessitating mechanical ventilation. Deep sedation may delay diagnosis. A thrombotic stroke can complicate severe COVID-19.Prolonged deep sedation during mechanical ventilation of COVID-19 patients may delay the diagnosis of stroke.The hypercoagulability and a thrombo-inflammatory response in COVID-19 is characterized by an increase in D-dimers and fibrinogen."}, {"pmid": 31950516, "pmcid": "PMC7166628", "title": "Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lu, Hongzhou", "Stratton, Charles W", "Tang, Yi-Wei"], "date": "2020-01-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31950516", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249678, "pmcid": "PMC7273866", "title": "Implementing Telemedicine in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Gadzinski, Adam J", "Gore, John L", "Ellimoottil, Chad", "Odisho, Anobel Y", "Watts, Kara L"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249678", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515231, "title": "An Integrative Total Worker Health Framework for Keeping Workers Safe and Healthy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Hum Factors", "authors": ["Dennerlein, Jack T", "Burke, Lisa", "Sabbath, Erika L", "Williams, Jessica A R", "Peters, Susan E", "Wallace, Lorraine", "Karapanos, Melissa", "Sorensen, Glorian"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515231", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim was to recommend an integrated Total Worker Health (TWH) approach which embraces core human factors and ergonomic principles, supporting worker safety, health, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 has resulted in unprecedented challenges to workplace safety and health for workers and managers in essential businesses, including healthcare workers, grocery stores, delivery services, warehouses, and distribution centers. Essential workers need protection, accurate information, and a supportive work environment with an unwavering focus on effective infection control. The investigators reviewed emerging workplace recommendations for reducing workers' exposures to the novel coronavirus and the challenges to workers in protecting their health. Using a theoretical framework and guidelines for integrating safety and health management systems into an organization for TWH, the investigators adapted the framework's key characteristics to meet the specific worker safety and health issues for effective infection control, providing supports for increasing psychological demands while ensuring a safe work environment. The recommended approach includes six key characteristics: focusing on working conditions for infection control and supportive environments for increased psychological demands; utilizing participatory approaches involving workers in identifying daily challenges and unique solutions; employing comprehensive and collaborative efforts to increase system efficiencies; committing as leaders to supporting workers through action and communications; adhering to ethical and legal standards; and using data to guide actions and evaluate progress. Applying an integrative TWH approach for worker safety, health, and well-being provides a framework to help managers systematically organize and protect themselves, essential workers, and the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. By using the systems approach provided by the six implementation characteristics, employers of essential workers can organize their own efforts to improve system performance and worker well-being during these unprecedented times."}, {"pmid": 32461494, "title": "Comments on: All India Ophthalmic Society-Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Consensus statement on preferred practices during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Sampangi, Raju", "Hemalatha, B C"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461494", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381379, "pmcid": "PMC7252064", "title": "Saliva samples as an alternative for novel coronavirus (COVID-19) diagnosis.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Alizargar, Javad", "Etemadi Sh, Milad", "Aghamohammadi, Mehdi", "Hatefi, Shahrokh"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381379", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418463, "title": "Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Implications of COVID-19: An Evolving Case Study in the Crescent City.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Razavi, Alexander C", "Kelly, Tanika N", "He, Jiang", "Fernandez, Camilo", "Whelton, Paul K", "Krousel-Wood, Marie", "Bazzano, Lydia A"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418463", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medicine and public health have traditionally separated the prevention and treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases. The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged this paradigm, particularly in the setting of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Overall, individuals with underlying CVD who acquire severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 experience up to a ten-fold higher case-fatality rate compared to the general population. While the impact of the pandemic on cardiovascular health continues to evolve, few have defined this association from a frontline, public health perspective of populations disproportionately affected by CVD and COVID-19. Louisiana is ranked within the bottom five states for cardiovascular health, and is home to several parishes that have experienced among the highest COVID-19 case-fatality rates nationally. Here, we review CVD prevention and implications of COVID-19 in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city holding a sobering yet, resilient history with previous public health disasters. In particular, we discuss potential pandemic-driven changes in access to healthcare, preventive pharmacotherapy, and lifestyle behaviors, all of which may adversely affect CVD prevention and management, while amplifying racial disparities. Through this process, we highlight proposed recommendations for how CVD prevention efforts can be improved in midst of the current COVID-19 pandemic and future public health crises."}, {"pmid": 32292847, "pmcid": "PMC7151324", "title": "The Heart in COVID19: Primary Target or Secondary Bystander?", "journal": "JACC Basic Transl Sci", "authors": ["Libby, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292847", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the throes of the current COVID-19 pandemic, interest has burgeoned in the cardiovascular complications of this virulent viral infection. As troponin, a biomarker of cardiac injury, often rises in hospitalized patients, its interpretation and actionability require careful consideration. Fulminant myocarditis due to direct viral infection can certainly occur, but patients with increased oxygen demands due to tachycardia and fever, and reduced oxygen delivery due to hypotension and hypoxemia can cause myocardial injury indirectly. Cytokines released during the acute infection can elicit activation of cells within pre-existing atherosclerotic lesions, augmenting thrombotic risk and risk of ischemic syndromes. Moreover, microvascular activation by cytokines can cause not only myocardial injury but harm other organ systems commonly involved in COVID-19 infections including the kidneys. Dealing with the immense challenge of COVID-19 disease, confronted with severely ill patients in dire straits with virtually no rigorous evidence base to guide our therapy, we must call upon our clinical skills and judgment. These touchstones can help guide us in selecting patients who might benefit from the advanced imaging and invasive procedures that present enormous logistical challenges in the current context. Lacking a robust evidence base, pathophysiologic reasoning can help guide our choices of therapy for individual clinical scenarios. We must exercise caution and extreme humility, as often plausible interventions fail when tested rigorously. But act today we must, and understanding the multiplicity of mechanisms of myocardial injury in COVID-19 infection will help us meet our mission unsupported by the comfort of strong data."}, {"pmid": 32472948, "title": "Speeding tumor genotyping during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak through liquid biopsy.", "journal": "Cancer", "authors": ["Rolfo, Christian", "Russo, Alessandro", "de Miguel-Perez, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472948", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301600, "pmcid": "PMC7169922", "title": "A review of initial data on pregnancy during the COVID-19 outbreak: implications for assisted reproductive treatments.", "journal": "JBRA Assist Reprod", "authors": ["Monteleone, Pedro Aa", "Nakano, Mayra", "Lazar, Victor", "Gomes, Alecsandra P", "de, Hamilton Martin", "Bonetti, Tatiana Cs"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301600", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) started in China in December 2019 and has since spread to several other countries. On March 25, 2020, a total of 375,498 cases had been confirmed globally with 2,201 cases in Brazil, showing the urgency of reacting to this international public health emergency. While in most cases, mild symptoms are observed, in some cases the infection leads to serious pulmonary disease. As a result, the possible consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak for pregnant women and its potential effects on the management of assisted reproductive treatments, demand attention. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress related to COVID-19 epidemiology and the reported data of pregnant women, and discuss the current evidence of COVID-19 infections during pregnancy and its potential consequences for assisted reproductive treatments. Reported data suggest that symptoms in pregnant women are similar to those in other people, and that there is no evidence for higher maternal or fetal risks. However, considering the initial data and lack of comprehensive knowledge on the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy, human reproduction societies have recommended postponing the embryo transfers and do not initiate new treatment cycles. New evidence must be considered carefully in order to adjust these recommendations accordingly at any time and to guide assisted reproductive treatments."}, {"pmid": 32360525, "pmcid": "PMC7183977", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Your Radiology Practice: Case Triage, Staffing Strategies, and Addressing Revenue Concerns.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Lee, Christoph I", "Raoof, Sabiha", "Patel, Samir B", "Pyatt, Robert S Jr", "Kirsch, David S", "Mossa-Basha, Mahmud", "Recht, Michael", "Carlos, Ruth C"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360525", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426230, "pmcid": "PMC7228895", "title": "Encephalopathy and seizure activity in a COVID-19 well controlled HIV patient.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Haddad, S", "Tayyar, R", "Risch, L", "Churchill, G", "Fares, E", "Choe, M", "Montemuro, P"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426230", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 41-year-old male with a history of well controlled HIV presented with confusion and was found to have COVID-19. Lumbar puncture was negative. He had worsening encephalopathy with tonic-clonic seizure requiring intubation. He was treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin with improvement in mental status back to baseline after 6 days."}, {"pmid": 32386580, "pmcid": "PMC7252155", "title": "Offline: Independent science advice for COVID-19-at last.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386580", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371362, "pmcid": "PMC7252028", "title": "Mesenchymal stem cell (MSc) secretome: A possible therapeutic strategy for intensive-care COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Deffune, Elenice", "Prudenciatti, Arua", "Moroz, Andrei"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371362", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As an emerging global health challenge, COVID-19 requires international knowledge to reach novel possible therapeutic strategies, especially for intensive-care patients. During the early stages of infection, pneumocytes II are the primary infected cells, harming the respiratory system. We have previous evidence in murine models that MSc's secretome can be used to treat pulmonary injuries induced with bleomycin, due to its content: growth factors, extracellular vesicles, and exosomes. We hypothesize and strongly recommend MSc secretome testing and production, in xenofree conditions, to be used as an alternative approach in SARS-Cov-2 patients in critical conditions."}, {"pmid": 32383638, "title": "Prolonged Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Body Fluids.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Sun, Jiufeng", "Xiao, Jianpeng", "Sun, Ruilin", "Tang, Xi", "Liang, Chumin", "Lin, Huifang", "Zeng, Lilian", "Hu, Jianxiong", "Yuan, Rinyu", "Zhou, Pingping", "Peng, Jinju", "Xiong, Qianlin", "Cui, Fengfu", "Liu, Zhe", "Lu, Jing", "Tian, Junzhang", "Ma, Wenjun", "Ke, Changwen"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383638", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We prospectively assessed 49 coronavirus disease cases in Guangdong, China, to estimate the frequency and duration of detectable severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in human body fluids. The prolonged persistence of virus RNA in various body fluids may guide the clinical diagnosis and prevention of onward virus transmission."}, {"pmid": 32437031, "pmcid": "PMC7262055", "title": "Endocrine surgery in the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Surgical Triage Guidelines.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Jozaghi, Yelda", "Zafereo, Mark E", "Perrier, Nancy D", "Wang, Jennifer R", "Grubbs, Elizabeth", "Gross, Neil D", "Fisher, Sarah", "Sturgis, Erich M", "Goepfert, Ryan P", "Lai, Stephen Y", "Best, Conor", "Busaidy, Naifa L", "Cabanillas, Maria E", "Dadu, Ramona", "Gagel, Robert F", "Habra, Mouhammed A", "Hu, Mimi I", "Jimenez, Camilo", "Sherman, Steven I", "Thosani, Sonali", "Varghese, Jeena", "Waguespack, Steven G", "Weitzman, Steven", "Ying, Anita K", "Graham, Paul H"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437031", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer care has had to adapt rapidly given the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Surgeons (ACS) issuing recommendations to postpone nonurgent surgeries. An institutional multidisciplinary group of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Surgical Endocrinology, and Medical Endocrinology devised Surgical Triaging Guidelines for Endocrine Surgery during COVID-19, aligned with phases of care published by the ACS. Phases of care with examples of corresponding endocrine cases are outlined. Most cases can be safely postponed with active surveillance, including most differentiated and medullary thyroid cancers. During the most acute phase, all endocrine surgeries are deferred, except thyroid tumors requiring acute airway management. These guidelines provide context for endocrine surgery within the spectrum of surgical oncology, with the goal of optimal individualized multidisciplinary patient care and the expectation of significant resource diversion to care for patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32528770, "pmcid": "PMC7282366", "title": "A Review of Cardiac Complications in Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Singh, Romil", "Kashyap, Rahul", "Hutton, Anneka", "Sharma, Munish", "Surani, Salim"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528770", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has shown an association with acute myocardial injury, cardiomyopathy, and myocarditis. Individuals with myocardial involvement in association with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be at increased risk of developing severe illness.\u00a0Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases of the myocardium associated with mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction that usually exhibit inappropriate ventricular hypertrophy or dilation and are due to a variety of causes that frequently are genetic. It has been primarily divided into three subsets: genetic, mixed, and acquired cardiomyopathy.\u00a0We anticipate that, because of the high inflammatory response, other cardiovascular complications may also occur in COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms. This review explores new information\u00a0as it pertains to COVID-19 and cardiac complications."}, {"pmid": 32383161, "pmcid": "PMC7267408", "title": "Early look at the future of healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Abu Hilal, M", "Besselink, M G", "Lemmers, D H L", "Taylor, M A", "Triboldi, A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367789, "pmcid": "PMC7235311", "title": "Food Delivery Service During Social Distancing: Proactively Preventing or Potentially Spreading Coronavirus Disease-2019?", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Nguyen, Trang H D", "Vu, Danh C"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367789", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32258207, "pmcid": "PMC7111600", "title": "High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin as a Therapeutic Option for Deteriorating Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cao, Wei", "Liu, Xiaosheng", "Bai, Tao", "Fan, Hongwei", "Hong, Ke", "Song, Hui", "Han, Yang", "Lin, Ling", "Ruan, Lianguo", "Li, Taisheng"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32258207", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly in China. Until now, no definite effective treatment has been identified. We reported on 3 patients with severe COVID-19 who received high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) with satisfactory recovery. Based on these observations, randomized studies of high-dose IVIg should be considered in deteriorating patients infected with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32412329, "title": "An Ounce of Prevention May Prevent Hospitalization.", "journal": "Physiol Rev", "authors": ["Barker, Andrew B", "Wagener, Brant M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407649, "title": "Developing a sustainable exit strategy for COVID-19: health, economic and public policy implications.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Anderson, Michael", "Mckee, Martin", "Mossialos, Elias"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407649", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348711, "pmcid": "PMC7218350", "title": "Response and role of palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national telephone survey of hospices in Italy.", "journal": "Palliat Med", "authors": ["Costantini, Massimo", "Sleeman, Katherine E", "Peruselli, Carlo", "Higginson, Irene J"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348711", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Palliative care is an important component of health care in pandemics, contributing to symptom control, psychological support, and supporting triage and complex decision making. To examine preparedness for, and impact of, the COVID-19 pandemic on hospices in Italy to inform the response in other countries. Cross-sectional telephone survey, in March 2020. Italian hospices, purposively sampled according to COVID-19 regional prevalence categorised as high (>25), medium (15-25) and low prevalence (<15) COVID-19 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. A brief questionnaire was developed to guide the interviews. Analysis was descriptive. Seven high, five medium and four low prevalence hospices provided data. Two high prevalence hospices had experienced COVID-19 cases among both patients and staff. All hospices had implemented policy changes, and several had rapidly implemented changes in practice including transfer of staff from inpatient to community settings, change in admission criteria and daily telephone support for families. Concerns included scarcity of personal protective equipment, a lack of hospice-specific guidance on COVID-19, anxiety about needing to care for children and other relatives, and poor integration of palliative care in the acute planning response. The hospice sector is capable of responding flexibly and rapidly to the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments must urgently recognise the essential contribution of hospice and palliative care to the COVID-19 pandemic and ensure these services are integrated into the health care system response. Availability of personal protective equipment and setting-specific guidance is essential. Hospices may also need to be proactive in connecting with the acute pandemic response."}, {"pmid": 32505073, "pmcid": "PMC7263251", "title": "Oral cancer and periodontal disease increase the risk of COVID 19? A mechanism mediated through furin and cathepsin overexpression.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Madapusi Balaji, Thodur", "Varadarajan, Saranya", "Rao, U S Vishal", "Raj, A Thirumal", "Patil, Shankaragouda", "Arakeri, Gururaj", "Brennan, Peter A"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505073", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352537, "title": "Scholarship During a Pandemic: Secondary Data Analysis.", "journal": "J Nurs Educ", "authors": ["Spurlock, Darrell Jr"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352537", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted nearly every aspect of life in the United States and around the globe, including significant impacts to higher education, both in its teaching-learning and research missions. With the physical closure of so many college and university campuses, a looming challenge is how nurse researchers can continue to generate new knowledge during a temporary but extended period of social distancing where conducting research requiring physical interaction with participants is impossible. In this Methodology Corner installment, a brief overview of secondary data analysis is provided, and resources for locating potentially useful data are described. Although secondary data analysis will not replace the dominant approaches used in nursing education research, current circumstances require it to take a much more prominent place in the toolbox of nursing education researchers. [J Nurs Educ. 2020;59(5):245-247.]."}, {"pmid": 32504688, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urology Residency Match in Singapore.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Tan, Yi Quan", "Pek, Xiang Wen Gregory", "Wang, Ziting", "Tiong, Ho Yee", "Chiong, Edmund"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504688", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368611, "pmcid": "PMC7184197", "title": "COVID-19 and globalization.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Mas-Coma, Santiago", "Jones, Malcolm K", "Marty, Aileen M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368611", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463960, "title": "COVID-19 a personal reflection.", "journal": "Spec Care Dentist", "authors": ["Dougall, Alison"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463960", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292916, "pmcid": "PMC7146666", "title": "Prey in Heroes' Capes.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Sabatino, Jolanda"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292916", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174565, "pmcid": "PMC7179063", "title": "All eyes on Coronavirus-What do we need to know as ophthalmologists.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Khanna, Rohit C", "Honavar, Santosh G"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174565", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369674, "pmcid": "PMC7267423", "title": "Oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Martin Carreras-Presas, Carmen", "Amaro Sanchez, Juan", "Lopez-Sanchez, Antonio Francisco", "Jane-Salas, Enric", "Somacarrera Perez, Maria Luisa"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369674", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215691, "pmcid": "PMC7095246", "title": "CT image visual quantitative evaluation and clinical classification of coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Kunwei", "Fang, Yijie", "Li, Wenjuan", "Pan, Cunxue", "Qin, Peixin", "Zhong, Yinghua", "Liu, Xueguo", "Huang, Mingqian", "Liao, Yuting", "Li, Shaolin"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215691", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the relationship between the imaging manifestations and clinical classification of COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective single-center study on patients with COVID-19 from Jan. 18, 2020 to Feb. 7, 2020 in Zhuhai, China. Patients were divided into 3 types based on Chinese guideline: mild (patients with minimal symptoms and negative CT findings), common, and severe-critical (patients with positive CT findings and different extent of clinical manifestations). CT visual quantitative evaluation was based on summing up the acute lung inflammatory lesions involving each lobe, which was scored as 0 (0%), 1 (1-25%), 2 (26-50%), 3 (51-75%), or 4 (76-100%), respectively. The total severity score (TSS) was reached by summing the five lobe scores. The consistency of two observers was evaluated. The TSS was compared with the clinical classification. ROC was used to test the diagnosis ability of TSS for severe-critical type. This study included 78 patients, 38 males and 40 females. There were 24 mild (30.8%), 46 common (59.0%), and 8 severe-critical (10.2%) cases, respectively. The median TSS of severe-critical-type group was significantly higher than common type (p\u00a0<\u20090.001). The ICC value of the two observers was 0.976 (95% CI 0.962-0.985). ROC analysis showed the area under the curve (AUC) of TSS for diagnosing severe-critical type was 0.918. The TSS cutoff of 7.5 had 82.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The proportion of clinical mild-type patients with COVID-19 was relatively high; CT was not suitable for independent screening tool. The CT visual quantitative analysis has high consistency and can reflect the clinical classification of COVID-19. \u2022 CT visual quantitative evaluation has high consistency (ICC value of 0.976) among the observers. The median TSS of severe-critical type group was significantly higher than common type (p\u2009<\u20090.001). \u2022 ROC analysis showed the area under the curve (AUC) of TSS for diagnosing severe-critical type was 0.918 (95% CI 0.843-0.994). The TSS cutoff of 7.5 had 82.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity. \u2022 The proportion of confirmed COVID-19 patients with normal chest CT was relatively high (30.8%); CT was not a suitable screening modality."}, {"pmid": 32421060, "pmcid": "PMC7225632", "title": "Correction to: Converting Home Spaces into Food Gardens at the Time of Covid-19 Quarantine: all the Benefits of Plants in this Difficult and Unprecedented Period.", "journal": "Hum Ecol Interdiscip J", "authors": ["Sofo, Adriano", "Sofo, Antonino"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421060", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s10745-020-00147-3.]."}, {"pmid": 32419401, "pmcid": "PMC7234857", "title": "Revised Triage and Surveillance Protocols for Temporary Emergency Department Closures in Tertiary Hospitals as a Response to COVID-19 Crisis in Daegu Metropolitan City.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Chung, Han Sol", "Lee, Dong Eun", "Kim, Jong Kun", "Yeo, In Hwan", "Kim, Changho", "Park, Jungbae", "Seo, Kang Suk", "Park, Sin Yul", "Kim, Jung Ho", "Kim, Gyunmoo", "Lee, Suk Hee", "Cheon, Jeon Jae", "Kim, Yang Hun"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419401", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When an emergency-care patient is diagnosed with an emerging infectious disease, hospitals in Korea may temporarily close their emergency departments (EDs) to prevent nosocomial transmission. Since February 2020, multiple, consecutive ED closures have occurred due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis in Daegu. However, sudden ED closures are in contravention of laws for the provision of emergency medical care that enable the public to avail prompt, appropriate, and 24-hour emergency medical care. Therefore, this study ascertained the vulnerability of the ED at tertiary hospitals in Daegu with regard to the current standards. A revised triage and surveillance protocol has been proposed to tackle the current crisis. This study was retrospectively conducted at 6 level 1 or 2 EDs in a metropolitan city where ED closure due to COVID-19 occurred from February 18 to March 26, 2020. The present status of ED closure and patient characteristics and findings from chest radiography and laboratory investigations were assessed. Based on the experience from repeated ED closures and the modified systems that are currently used in EDs, revised triage and surveillance protocols have been developed and proposed. During the study period, 6 level 1 or 2 emergency rooms included in the study were shut down 27 times for 769 hours. Thirty-one confirmed COVID-19 cases, of whom 7 died, were associated with the incidence of ED closure. Typical patient presentation with respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 was seen in less than 50% of patients, whereas abnormal findings on chest imaging investigations were detected in 93.5% of the study population. The chest radiography facility, resuscitation rooms, and triage area were moved to locations outside the ED, and a new surveillance protocol was applied to determine the factors warranting quarantine, including symptoms, chest radiographic findings, and exposure to a source of infection. The incidence of ED closures decreased after the implementation of the revised triage and surveillance protocols. Triage screening by emergency physicians and surveillance protocols with an externally located chest imaging facility were effective in the early isolation of COVID-19 patients. In future outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases, efforts should be focused toward the provision of continued ED treatment with the implementation of revised triage and surveillance protocols."}, {"pmid": 32407859, "pmcid": "PMC7212955", "title": "COVID-19 suicides in Pakistan, dying off not COVID-19 fear but poverty? - The forthcoming economic challenges for a developing country.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Mamun, Mohammed A", "Ullah, Irfan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407859", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459832, "title": "Importance of Pediatric Inclusion in COVID-19 Therapeutic Trials.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Raabe, Vanessa N", "Lighter, Jennifer", "Caplan, Arthur L", "Ratner, Adam J"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459832", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pediatric patients are excluded from most COVID-19 therapeutic trials. We outline a rationale for the inclusion of children in COVID-19 therapeutic trials with enabled us to include children of all ages in a therapeutic COVID-19 trial at our institution."}, {"pmid": 32376057, "pmcid": "PMC7172912", "title": "[Management of CO2 absorbent while using the anesthesia machine as a mechanical ventilator on patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Bras Anestesiol", "authors": ["Torres, Marcelo Luis Abramides", "Canhisares, Fernando Augusto Tavares", "Quintao, Vinicius Caldeira"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376057", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443871, "title": "An Efficient COVID-19 Prediction Model Validated with the Cases of China, Italy and Spain: Total or Partial Lockdowns?", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Sanchez-Caballero, Samuel", "Selles, Miguel A", "Peydro, Miguel A", "Perez-Bernabeu, Elena"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443871", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present work develops an accurate prediction model of the COVID-19 pandemic, capable not only of fitting data with a high regression coefficient but also to predict the overall infections and the infection peak day as well. The model is based on the Verhulst equation, which has been used to fit the data of the COVID-19 spread in China, Italy, and Spain. This model has been used to predict both the infection peak day, and the total infected people in Italy and Spain. With this prediction model, the overall infections, the infection peak, and date can accurately be predicted one week before they occur. According to the study, the infection peak took place on 23 March in Italy, and on 29 March in Spain. Moreover, the influence of the total and partial lockdowns has been studied, without finding any meaningful difference in the disease spread. However, the infected population, and the rate of new infections at the start of the lockdown, seem to play an important role in the infection spread. The developed model is not only an important tool to predict the disease spread, but also gives some significant clues about the main factors that affect to the COVID-19 spread, and quantifies the effects of partial and total lockdowns as well."}, {"pmid": 32343499, "title": "Allocating Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Brown, Matthew J", "Goodwin, Justin"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343499", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393101, "pmcid": "PMC7218354", "title": "Outpatient Otolaryngology in the Era of COVID-19: A Data-Driven Analysis of Practice Patterns.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Kasle, David A", "Torabi, Sina J", "Savoca, Emily L", "Judson, Benjamin L", "Manes, R Peter"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393101", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has induced a prioritization of acute care and telehealth, affecting the quantity of patients seen and the modality of their care. Retrospective review. Single-institution study conducted within the Division of Otolaryngology at the Yale School of Medicine. Data on all outpatient appointments within the Division of Otolaryngology were obtained from administrative records of billing and scheduling from March 16 to April 10, 2020. For comparison, a corresponding period from 2019 was also utilized. Of 5913 scheduled visits, 3665 (62.0%) were seen between March 18 and April 12, 2019, in comparison with 649 of 5044 (12.9%) during the corresponding COVID-19-affected period. The majority of completed visits performed in weeks 1 and 2 were in person, while the majority in weeks 3 and 4 were via telehealth. Among subspecialties, a larger proportion of completed visits in 2020 were performed by pediatric and head and neck oncology otolaryngologists as compared with general/specialty otolaryngologists (P < .001). Older adults (\u226565 years) were less likely to have telehealth visits than younger adults (18-64 years; 45.6% vs 59.6%, P = .003). A major decrease in the completion rates of scheduled visits was seen in the COVID-19-affected period, though this was not proportional among subspecialties. An associated increase in telehealth visits was observed. After COVID-19-related hospital policy changes, approximately 2 weeks passed before telehealth visits surpassed in-person visits, though this was not true among older adults."}, {"pmid": 32349932, "pmcid": "PMC7172903", "title": "Surgical Volume, Safety, Drug Administration, and Clinical Trials During COVID-19: Single-center Experience in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Wang, Hongkai", "Wu, Junlong", "Wei, Yu", "Zhu, Yao", "Ye, Dingwei"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349932", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464112, "pmcid": "PMC7247793", "title": "COVID-19-associated hyperviscosity: a link between inflammation and thrombophilia?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Maier, Cheryl L", "Truong, Alexander D", "Auld, Sara C", "Polly, Derek M", "Tanksley, Christin-Lauren", "Duncan, Alexander"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464112", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304561, "title": "Pediatric Endoscopy in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Position Paper.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Walsh, Catharine M", "Fishman, Douglas S", "Lerner, Diana G"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304561", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32435173, "pmcid": "PMC7224160", "title": "Laparoscopy in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era.", "journal": "Gynecol Surg", "authors": ["Angioni, Stefano"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435173", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged in China at the end of 2019 has become a pandemic infection that has now involved 200 countries with 465,915 confirmed cases and 21,031 confirmed deaths. Unfortunately, many data have shown that the high number of undocumented infections could have a major role in the rapid diffusion of the disease. In most of the nations involved, non-urgent, non-cancer procedures have been stopped to reallocate medical and paramedical staff to face the emergency. Moreover, concerns have been raised that minimally invasive surgery could be a procedure that carries the risk of virus diffusion in the operating theater during surgery. This paper reports clinical recommendations and scientific studies to assist clinicians in this field."}, {"pmid": 32193904, "pmcid": "PMC7086085", "title": "Drive-Through Screening Center for COVID-19: a Safe and Efficient Screening System against Massive Community Outbreak.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kwon, Ki Tae", "Ko, Jae Hoon", "Shin, Heejun", "Sung, Minki", "Kim, Jin Yong"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193904", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is ongoing, the number of individuals to be tested for COVID-19 is rapidly increasing. For safe and efficient screening for COVID-19, drive-through (DT) screening centers have been designed and implemented in Korea. Herein, we present the overall concept, advantages, and limitations of the COVID-19 DT screening centers. The steps of the DT centers include registration, examination, specimen collection, and instructions. The entire service takes about 10 minutes for one testee without leaving his or her cars. Increased testing capacity over 100 tests per day and prevention of cross-infection between testees in the waiting space are the major advantages, while protection of staff from the outdoor atmosphere is challenging. It could be implemented in other countries to cope with the global COVID-19 outbreak and transformed according to their own situations."}, {"pmid": 32183172, "pmcid": "PMC7141223", "title": "Prediction of the Epidemic Peak of Coronavirus Disease in Japan, 2020.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Kuniya, Toshikazu"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183172", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan was reported on 15 January 2020 and the number of reported cases has increased day by day. The purpose of this study is to give a prediction of the epidemic peak for COVID-19 in Japan by using the real-time data from 15 January to 29 February 2020. Taking into account the uncertainty due to the incomplete identification of infective population, we apply the well-known SEIR compartmental model for the prediction. By using a least-square-based method with Poisson noise, we estimate that the basic reproduction number for the epidemic in Japan is R 0 = 2 . 6 ( 95 % CI, 2 . 4 - 2 . 8 ) and the epidemic peak could possibly reach the early-middle summer. In addition, we obtain the following epidemiological insights: (1) the essential epidemic size is less likely to be affected by the rate of identification of the actual infective population; (2) the intervention has a positive effect on the delay of the epidemic peak; (3) intervention over a relatively long period is needed to effectively reduce the final epidemic size."}, {"pmid": 32527881, "title": "In other Covid-19 news.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527881", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344460, "pmcid": "PMC7267232", "title": "The potential for COVID-19 to contribute to compassion fatigue in critical care nurses.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Alharbi, Jalal", "Jackson, Debra", "Usher, Kim"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395789, "title": "Counter-COVID- 19 pandemic strategy in the Maghreb Central. Qualitative study of the perceptions of health professionals.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Ben Abdelaziz, Ahmed", "Benzarti, Sofien", "Achouri, Mohamed Yacine", "Nouira, Sarra", "Mlouki, Imen", "Yahia, Faten", "Ben Abdelaziz, Asma", "Barhoumi, Tarek", "Quessar, Asmaa", "Ben Salem, Kamel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395789", "countries": ["Tunisia", "Morocco", "Algeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Maghreb Central, like all the countries of the world, was strongly mobilized (governments, ministries of health, population, civil society) in the response against COVID-19, immediately after the registration of the first cases on its territory (end of February, beginning of March) and according to pre-established control strategies. Describe the perceptions of health professionals in the Central Maghreb (Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco) as to the Strengths/Opportunities and Weaknesses/Threats of the national response plans against COVID-19, during the first weeks of their execution, and report their proposals for optimizing the performance of control strategies. This is a qualitative study of the perceptions of health professionals in the Maghreb Central regarding their experience of the first six weeks of fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was collected using the \"Delphi\" technique in one turn, based on an electronic form such as \"Google Form\", developed according to SWOT analysis. The respondents' verbatim was grouped into homogeneous groups of items, the occurrence of which was subsequently measured. A total of 382 health professionals from the Maghreb Central participated in this study, with a median age of 37 years and a median professional tenure of 10 years. The major force of the Maghreb response strategies, the most shared by the respondents, was the performance of the human resources mobilized (doctors, biologists, nurses, etc.) who succeeded in quickly learning from the international epidemiological expertise accumulated in Asia and in Europe. The fight against COVID-19 in the Central Maghreb was confronted with the general and chronic fragility of the national health systems and the low support of the general population for the recommendations of the steering committees of response, threatening the capacity of the Maghreb to confront new epidemics. The success of the national response plans against COVID-19 and of possible epidemics or pandemics in the Central Maghreb, is strongly attributed to the commitment of health professionals and to community participation, necessitating the launch of assistant motivation programs. and development of health personnel and mobilization and loyalty of civil society."}, {"pmid": 32315543, "pmcid": "PMC7258648", "title": "An Asymptomatic Patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Jingping", "Du, Yonghao", "Bai, Lu", "Pu, Jiantao", "Jin, Chenwang", "Yang, Jian", "Guo, Youmin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315543", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31986242, "title": "Medical Journals and the 2019-nCoV Outbreak.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen", "Campion, Edward W"], "date": "2020-01-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31986242", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265149, "pmcid": "PMC7141452", "title": "End-Stage Heart Failure With COVID-19: Strong Evidence of Myocardial Injury by 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "JACC Heart Fail", "authors": ["Dong, Nianguo", "Cai, Jie", "Zhou, Ying", "Liu, Junwei", "Li, Fei"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265149", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315881, "pmcid": "PMC7152889", "title": "Mental Health Services in Lombardy during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Percudani, Mauro", "Corradin, Matteo", "Moreno, Mauro", "Indelicato, Annamaria", "Vita, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315881", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lombardy is the Region in Italy the most heavily affected by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) contagion. The Regional Health Authority mandates that mental health services should be guaranteed, identifying mental health as a priority for their citizens. Recommendations for occupational and health safety have been provided to patients and hospital staff, including support for telemedicine activities and remote psychosocial interventions. Services of the Mental Health Departments of Milano \"Niguarda\" and Brescia \"Spedali Civili\" Hospitals are providing continued care at a community, residential and hospital level, and to positive COVID-19 psychiatric patients in need of hospitalization."}, {"pmid": 32243919, "pmcid": "PMC7270552", "title": "A Rapid Fatal Evolution of Coronavirus Disease-19 in a Patient With Advanced Lung Cancer With a Long-Time Response to Nivolumab.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Bonomi, Lucia", "Ghilardi, Laura", "Arnoldi, Ermenegildo", "Tondini, Carlo Alberto", "Bettini, Anna Cecilia"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243919", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283158, "pmcid": "PMC7151373", "title": "Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zuin, Marco", "Rigatelli, Gianluca", "Zuliani, Giovanni", "Rigatelli, Alberto", "Mazza, Alberto", "Roncon, Loris"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283158", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516084, "title": "The Role of Psychotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Psychother", "authors": ["Swartz, Holly A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268457, "pmcid": "PMC7142007", "title": "Academic Community's Efforts to Guide the Fight Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic in Korea.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Cho, Sung-Il"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268457", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312828, "pmcid": "PMC7207182", "title": "Clarifying the role of lung ultrasonography in COVID-19 respiratory disease.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Pierce, Cameron W"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312828", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249847, "pmcid": "PMC7132547", "title": "In the eye of the COVID-19 cytokine storm.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Vaninov, Natalie"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249847", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489692, "pmcid": "PMC7220297", "title": "Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) and Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) as a Potential Therapy in Combating (COVID-19)-Disease.", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Gentile, Pietro", "Sterodimas, Aris"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489692", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent and interesting study reported improved respiratory activity after intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These outcomes displayed that intravenous infiltration of MSCs is a safe and efficacy treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia, a severe acute respiratory illness caused by the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Only 7 patients were treated, but with extraordinary results, opening a new strategy in COVID-19 therapy. Currently, no specific therapies against SARS-CoV-2 are available. The MSCs therapy outcomes reported, are striking, as these cells inhibit the over-activation of the immune system, promoting endogenous repair, by improving the lung microenvironment after the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The MSCs could represent an effective, autologous and safe therapy, and therefore, sharing these published results, here is reported the potential use possibilities in COVID-19 of the most common MSCs represented by Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs)."}, {"pmid": 32200634, "pmcid": "PMC7099673", "title": "Protein Structure and Sequence Reanalysis of 2019-nCoV Genome Refutes Snakes as Its Intermediate Host and the Unique Similarity between Its Spike Protein Insertions and HIV-1.", "journal": "J Proteome Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Chengxin", "Zheng, Wei", "Huang, Xiaoqiang", "Bell, Eric W", "Zhou, Xiaogen", "Zhang, Yang"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200634", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the infection of 2019-nCoV coronavirus is quickly developing into a global pneumonia epidemic, the careful analysis of its transmission and cellular mechanisms is sorely needed. In this Communication, we first analyzed two recent studies that concluded that snakes are the intermediate hosts of 2019-nCoV and that the 2019-nCoV spike protein insertions share a unique similarity to HIV-1. However, the reimplementation of the analyses, built on larger scale data sets using state-of-the-art bioinformatics methods and databases, presents clear evidence that rebuts these conclusions. Next, using metagenomic samples from Manis javanica, we assembled a draft genome of the 2019-nCoV-like coronavirus, which shows 73% coverage and 91% sequence identity to the 2019-nCoV genome. In particular, the alignments of the spike surface glycoprotein receptor binding domain revealed four times more variations in the bat coronavirus RaTG13 than in the Manis coronavirus compared with 2019-nCoV, suggesting the pangolin as a missing link in the transmission of 2019-nCoV from bats to human."}, {"pmid": 32352364, "title": "Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: It Is Time to Produce Our Own Evidence Base.", "journal": "Turk Thorac J", "authors": ["Sayiner, Abdullah"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352364", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425279, "pmcid": "PMC7229464", "title": "Swine enteric alphacoronavirus (swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus): an update three years after its discovery.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Yang, Yong-Le", "Yu, Jia-Qi", "Huang, Yao-Wei"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425279", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32287788, "pmcid": "PMC7131731", "title": "Inside Wuhan's lockdown.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Lu, Donna"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287788", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hubei residents are trying to stay positive as hospitals attempt to treat thousands infected by the new coronavirus, reports Donna Lu."}, {"pmid": 32504660, "title": "The Next Wave of Health Care Strain Related to COVID-19: Heart Failure Patients Coming Back in Force: We Must Not Fail Them.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Moayedi, Yasbanoo", "Alba, Ana C", "Lee, Douglas S", "Wijeysundera, Harindra C", "Ross, Heather J"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32160345, "pmcid": "PMC7228229", "title": "ISUOG Interim Guidance on 2019 novel coronavirus infection during pregnancy and puerperium: information for healthcare professionals.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Poon, L C", "Yang, H", "Lee, J C S", "Copel, J A", "Leung, T Y", "Zhang, Y", "Chen, D", "Prefumo, F"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160345", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395797, "title": "Leading through COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Saibi, Lotfi"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395797", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297317, "pmcid": "PMC7262170", "title": "Management of COVID-19-related paediatric blood samples in a clinical haematology laboratory.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Lam, Joyce C M", "Moshi, Grace B", "Ang, Soh H", "Chew, Hui M", "Ng, Qing H", "Madjukie, Andrew", "Logeswary, Muthiah"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297317", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352517, "pmcid": "PMC7197600", "title": "Anticoagulation in COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Atallah, Bassam", "Mallah, Saad I", "AlMahmeed, Wael"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352517", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399798, "pmcid": "PMC7215127", "title": "Confronting Another Pandemic: Lessons from HIV can Inform Our COVID-19 Response.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Edelman, E Jennifer", "Aoun-Barakat, Lydia", "Villanueva, Merceditas", "Friedland, Gerald"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399798", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019 illness (COVID-19) has completely transformed and uprooted lives across the globe. While different diseases, there are critical observations and lessons to be learned from the ongoing HIV epidemic to inform our response to COVID-19. We reflect on how this relates to (1) testing, including contact tracing; (2) health system redesign; (3) telehealth; (4) health disparities; (5) political denial, with inadequate and uncoordinated governmental response; (6) occupational exposure; and (7) complex reactions among healthcare providers. Decades of experiences with HIV provide an important framework for moving forward as we combat COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32249362, "pmcid": "PMC7130452", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic, a War to be Won: Understanding its Economic Implications for Africa.", "journal": "Appl Health Econ Health Policy", "authors": ["Ataguba, John E"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249362", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224294, "pmcid": "PMC7146722", "title": "[Recommendations CCAFU on the management of cancers of the urogenital system during an epidemic with Coronavirus COVID-19].", "journal": "Prog Urol", "authors": ["Mejean, A", "Roupret, M", "Rozet, F", "Bensalah, K", "Murez, T", "Game, X", "Rebillard, X", "Mallet, R", "Faix, A", "Mongiat-Artus, P", "Fournier, G", "Neuzillet, Y"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224294", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The French population is facing the COVID-19\u00a0pandemic and the health system have been reoriented in emergency for the care of patients with coronavirus. The management of cancers of the urinary and male genital tracts must be adapted to this context. An expert opinion documented by a literature review was formulated by the Cancerology Committee of the French Association of Urology (CCAFU). The medical and surgical management of patients with any cancers of the urinary and male genital tracts must be adapted by modifying the consultation methods, by prioritizing interventions according to the intrinsic prognosis of cancers, taking into account the patient's comorbidities. The protection of urologists from COVID-19\u00a0must be considered. The CCAFU issues an expert opinion on the measure to be taken to adapt the management of cancers of the male urinary and genital tract to the context of pandemic by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32131151, "title": "[Mental health survey of medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Huang, J Z", "Han, M F", "Luo, T D", "Ren, A K", "Zhou, X P"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32131151", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the mental health of clinical first-line medical staff in COVID-19 epidemic and provide theoretical basis for psychological intervention. Methods: The mental health status of the first-line medical staff was investigated by Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self- rating Scale (PTSD-SS). From February 7 to 14, 2020, 246 medical staff participated in the treatment of COVID-19 were investigated using cluster sampling, and received 230 responses, with a recovery rate of 93.5%. Results: The incidence of anxiety in medical staff was 23.04% (53/230) , and the score of SAS was(42.91\u00b110.89). Among them, the incidence of severe anxiety, moderate anxiety and mild anxiety were 2.17%(5/230) , 4.78%(11/230) and 16.09%(37/230) , respectively. The incidence of anxiety in female medical staff was higher than that in male [25.67%(48/187) vs 11.63%(5/43) , Z=-2.008, P=0.045], the score of SAS in female medical staff was higher than that in male [(43.78\u00b111.12) vs (39.14\u00b19.01) , t=-2.548, P=0.012]. The incidence of anxiety in nurses was higher than that in doctors[26.88% (43/160) vs 14.29% (10/70) , Z=-2.066, P=0.039], and the score of SAS in nurses was higher than that in doctors [ (44.84\u00b110.42) vs (38.50\u00b110.72) , t=-4.207, P<0.001]. The incidence of stress disorder in medical staff was 27.39% (63/230) , and the score of PTSD-SS was (42.92\u00b117.88) . The score of PTSD-SS in female medical staff was higher than that in male[ (44.30\u00b118.42) vs (36.91\u00b113.95) , t=-2.472, P=0.014]. Conclusion: In COVID-19 epidemic , the incidence of anxiety and stress disorder is high among medical staff. Medical institutions should strengthen the training of psychological skills of medical staff. Special attention should be paid to the mental health of female nurses."}, {"pmid": 32297722, "title": "Consensus statement on the use of clozapine during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Psychiatry Neurosci", "authors": ["Siskind, Dan", "Honer, William G", "Clark, Scott", "Correll, Christoph U", "Hasan, Alkomiet", "Howes, Oliver", "Kane, John M", "Kelly, Deanna L", "Laitman, Robert", "Lee, Jimmy", "MacCabe, James H", "Myles, Nick", "Nielsen, Jimmi", "Schulte, Peter F", "Taylor, David", "Verdoux, Helene", "Wheeler, Amanda", "Freudenreich, Oliver"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297722", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125934, "pmcid": "PMC7233393", "title": "Helping the Radiologist: The Role of Scientific Journals to Help Prevent the Spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Li, Xiaohu", "Qian, Yinfeng", "Liu, Bin", "Yu, Yongqiang"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125934", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343643, "title": "Ethics and Resource Scarcity: ASCO Recommendations for the Oncology Community During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Marron, Jonathan M", "Joffe, Steven", "Jagsi, Reshma", "Spence, Rebecca A", "Hlubocky, Fay J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343643", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272396, "pmcid": "PMC7128194", "title": "The possible of immunotherapy for COVID-19: A systematic review.", "journal": "Int Immunopharmacol", "authors": ["AminJafari, Akram", "Ghasemi, Sorayya"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272396", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging pathogen that was first described in late December 2019 and causes a severe respiratory infection in humans. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, international attention has raised to develop treatment and control options such as types of immunotherapies. The immunotherapy is an effective method for fighting against similar viral infections such as SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. These methods include several types of vaccines, monoclonal antibody candidates, and etc. This systematic review article was designed to evaluate the existing evidence and experience related to immunotherapy for 2019-nCoV. Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, and Scopus databases were used to search for suitable keywords such as 2019-nCoV, novel coronavirus, Immunotherapy, interleukin, vaccine and the related words for relevant publications up to 24.3.2020. The present systematic review was performed based on PRISMA protocol. Data extraction and quality valuation of articles were performed by two reviewers. 51 articles were the results of the search and based on the inclusions and exclusions criteria, 7 articles were included in the final review. As a conclusion of these studies demonstratedthat although no serious research has been done on this subject at the time of writing this article, similar studies on the related viruses showed notable results. So immunotherapy for this virus can also be a suitable option."}, {"pmid": 32399515, "pmcid": "PMC7205356", "title": "COVID-19: Are Africa's diagnostic challenges blunting response effectiveness?", "journal": "AAS Open Res", "authors": ["Kobia, Francis", "Gitaka, Jesse"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399515", "countries": ["South Africa", "Egypt", "China", "United States", "Algeria", "Morocco", "Tunisia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its emergence in Wuhan, China in December 2019, novel Coronavirus disease - 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide, achieving pandemic status on 11 th March, 2020. As of 1 st April 2020, COVID-19, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), had infected over 800,000 people and caused over 40,000 deaths in 205 countries and territories. COVID-19 has had its heaviest toll on Europe, United States and China. As of 1 st of April 2020, the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Africa was relatively low, with the highest number registered by South Africa, which had reported 1,380 confirmed cases. On the same date (also the date of this review), Africa had reported 5,999 confirmed cases, of which 3,838 (almost 65%) occurred in South Africa, Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia, with the remaining 2,071 cases distributed unevenly across the other African countries. We speculate that while African nations are currently experiencing much lower rates of COVID-19 relative to other continents, their significantly lower testing rates may grossly underestimate incidence rates. Failure to grasp the true picture may mean crucial windows of opportunity shut unutilized, while limited resources are not deployed to maximum effect. In the absence of extensive testing data, an overestimation of spread may lead to disproportionate measures being taken, causing avoidable strain on livelihoods and economies. Here, based on the African situation, we discuss COVID-19 diagnostic challenges and how they may blunt responses."}, {"pmid": 32205872, "title": "Coronavirus tests: researchers chase new diagnostics to fight the pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Subbaraman, Nidhi"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205872", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293690, "title": "Oncology in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Oncology (Williston Park)", "authors": ["Hochster, Howard S"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293690", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313296, "pmcid": "PMC7165110", "title": "Identification of Potential Binders of the Main Protease 3CL(pro) of the COVID-19 via Structure-Based Ligand Design and Molecular Modeling.", "journal": "Chem Phys Lett", "authors": ["Macchiagodena, Marina", "Pagliai, Marco", "Procacci, Piero"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313296", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have applied a computational strategy, using a combination of virtual screening, docking and molecular dynamics techniques, aimed at identifying possible lead compounds for the non-covalent inhibition of the main protease 3CLpro of the SARS-CoV2 Coronavirus. Based on the X-ray structure (PDB code: 6LU7), ligands were generated using a multimodal structure-based design and then docked to the monomer in the active state. Docking calculations show that ligand-binding is strikingly similar in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 main proteases. The most potent docked ligands are found to share a common binding pattern with aromatic moieties connected by rotatable bonds in a pseudo-linear arrangement."}, {"pmid": 32372834, "pmcid": "PMC7195372", "title": "Tracking down coronavirus.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Vaughan, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372834", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "What is it like to be a covid-19 contact tracer and what do they do?"}, {"pmid": 31978944, "pmcid": "PMC7121143", "title": "Another Decade, Another Coronavirus.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Perlman, Stanley"], "date": "2020-01-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31978944", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286926, "pmcid": "PMC7241485", "title": "Is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency a factor in Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) infections and deaths?", "journal": "Pathog Glob Health", "authors": ["Aydemir, Duygu", "Ulusu, Nuriye Nuray"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286926", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438473, "title": "Prevention and treatment of COVID-19 disease by controlled modulation of innate immunity.", "journal": "Eur J Immunol", "authors": ["Schijns, Virgil", "Lavelle, Ed C"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438473", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses an enormous threat to global public health and economies. Human coronaviruses normally cause no or mild respiratory disease but in the past two decades, potentially fatal coronavirus infections have emerged, causing respiratory tract illnesses such as pneumonia and bronchitis. These include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), followed by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and recently the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus outbreak which emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Currently, most COVID-19 patients receive traditional supportive care including breathing assistance. To halt the ongoing spread of the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and rescue individual patients, established drugs and new therapies are under evaluation. Since it will be some time until a safe and effective vaccine will be available, the immediate priority is to harness innate immunity to accelerate early antiviral immune responses. Secondly since excessive inflammation is a major cause of pathology, targeted anti-inflammatory responses are being evaluated to reduce inflammation-induced damage to the respiratory tract and cytokine storms. Here, we highlight prominent immunotherapies at various stages of development which aim for augmented anti-coronavirus immunity and reduction of pathological inflammation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32437982, "pmcid": "PMC7211662", "title": "A Roadmap to Reopening a Neurosurgical Practice in the Age of COVID-19.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["D'Amico, Randy S", "Baum, Griffin", "Serulle, Yafell", "Silva, Danilo", "Smith, Michael L", "Wallack, Rebecca A", "Ellis, Jason A", "Levine, Mitchell", "Ortiz, Rafael", "Boockvar, John A", "Langer, David J"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437982", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has left a lasting mark on medicine globally. Here we outline the steps that the Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health Neurosurgery Department-located within the epicenter of the pandemic in New York City-is currently taking to recover our neurosurgical efforts in the age of COVID-19. We outline measurable milestones to identify the transition to the recovery period and hope these recommendations may serve as a framework for an effective path forward. We believe that recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic offers unique opportunities to disrupt and rebuild the historical patient and office experience as we evolve with modern medicine in a post-COVID-19 world."}, {"pmid": 32236478, "pmcid": "PMC7184342", "title": "Speculation is not evidence: antihypertensive therapy and COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["de Simone, Giovanni", "Mancusi, Costantino"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236478", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270498, "pmcid": "PMC7262248", "title": "Limited transmissibility of coronavirus (SARS-1, MERS, and SARS-2) in certain regions of Africa.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ahmed, Anwar E"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270498", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 [1], and after a few weeks, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak as a global pandemic [2]. Scientifically, the virus was named \"severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-2) coronavirus\" [3]. High-level endemic transmissions occurred in several countries, and while yet very limited, have spread in certain regions of the globe, particularly in Africa [4]. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32297925, "pmcid": "PMC7184375", "title": "Sequential analysis of viral load in a neonate and her mother infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Han, Mi Seon", "Seong, Moon-Woo", "Heo, Eun Young", "Park, Ji Hong", "Kim, Namhee", "Shin, Sue", "Cho, Sung Im", "Park, Sung Sup", "Choi, Eun Hwa"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297925", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report changes in viral load over time in a 27-day old neonate with COVID-19 who presented with fever, cough, and vomiting. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the nasopharynx, oropharynx, stool, saliva, plasma, and urine. The highest viral RNA copies in nasopharynx decreased over time while viral load in stool remained high."}, {"pmid": 32517845, "title": "The basic reproduction number and prediction of the epidemic size of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in Shahroud, Iran.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Khosravi, A", "Chaman, R", "Rohani-Rasaf, M", "Zare, F", "Mehravaran, S", "Emamian, M H"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517845", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386016, "title": "Clinical and CT imaging features between the first nucleic acid-negative and first nucleic acid-positive COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Li, Sha", "Liu, Jinkang", "Xiong, Zeng", "Luo, Weijun", "Tang, Haixiong", "Pend, Wanxiang", "Hu, Ziyu", "Feng, Huijuan", "Xie, Qunbai", "Liu, Ben", "Liao, Weihua", "Zhou, Hui"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386016", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the role of chest CT for the diagnostic work-up for patients with suspected infection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical data and imaging findings of the first nucleic acid-negative COVID-19 patients were analyzed and compared with the first nucleic acid-positive patients. Compared with the first nucleic acid-positive patients, the onset time of the first nucleic acid-negative patients was shorter [(3.58\u00b12.94) d], but the diagnosis was longer [(3.92\u00b13.66) d]. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of the clinical data and radiological findings between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Chest CT examination is important to avoid COVID-19 missed diagnosis due to false negative nucleic acid."}, {"pmid": 32506110, "title": "Use of Remdesivir in the Management of COVID-19: A Systematic Review on Current Evidences.", "journal": "Mymensingh Med J", "authors": ["Nasir, M", "Talha, K A", "Islam, T", "Saha, S K", "Selina, F", "Parveen, R A"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506110", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid progression of corona virus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become an unprecedented global concern. This systemic review aimed at evaluating the available evidence on efficacy, safety to identify any promising role for compassionate use of remdesivir in patient suffered for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as re-purposeful use. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective case series studies and case reports that evaluated use of remdesivir in COVID-19. The outcomes were mortality, recovery rate, length of hospital stay and clinical outcome. Though the drug remdesivir (RDV) is not approved by the FDA, still the \"Emergency Use Authorization\" (EUA) for compassionate use in severe cases is endorsed. After vigorous searching, screening and sorting of completed and published scientific evidences in electronic database, there were only 2 randomized control trial (RCT), 2 uncontrolled trials found until April 2020. We also included 3 published case reports to analyze the validity use of RDV because of the scarcity of evidence based reports. Remdesivir was thought to be one of the promising options for treating the patients of COVID-19 based on few laboratory experiments and reports from some compassionate use and case reports. The safety and efficacy of this drug in COVID-19 cases require high-quality evidence from well-designed and adequately-powered clinical trials with proper sample size for precise decision."}, {"pmid": 32276261, "pmcid": "PMC7161162", "title": "Editorial. Neurosurgery in the storm of COVID-19: suggestions from the Lombardy region, Italy (ex malo bonum).", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Cenzato, Marco", "DiMeco, Francesco", "Fontanella, Marco", "Locatelli, Davide", "Servadei, Franco"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276261", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507317, "title": "Non-invasive mechanical ventilation and high-flow oxygen therapy in the COVID-19 pandemic: the value of a draw.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Castro, A", "Fajardo Campoverde, A", "Medina, A", "Alapont, Vicente Modesto I"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507317", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372749, "pmcid": "PMC7253089", "title": "COVID-19: Shining the Light on Africa.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Rosenthal, Philip J", "Breman, Joel G", "Djimde, Abdoulaye A", "John, Chandy C", "Kamya, Moses R", "Leke, Rose G F", "Moeti, Matshidiso R", "Nkengasong, John", "Bausch, Daniel G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372749", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489403, "pmcid": "PMC7238469", "title": "COVID-19: An update from England's high consequence infectious diseases intensive care unit leads.", "journal": "J Intensive Care Soc", "authors": ["Martin, Daniel", "Platt, Sarah", "Hampshire, Peter", "Meadows, Chris"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489403", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427638, "title": "The 11th Trial of a Cardiovascular Clinical Trialist: Coronavirus-2: Part 1.", "journal": "Cardiol Rev", "authors": ["Frishman, William H"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427638", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265531, "pmcid": "PMC7136993", "title": "COVID-19 and cancer: what we know so far.", "journal": "Nat Rev Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Sidaway, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265531", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32074416, "title": "Defining the Epidemiology of Covid-19 - Studies Needed.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Lipsitch, Marc", "Swerdlow, David L", "Finelli, Lyn"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32074416", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399097, "pmcid": "PMC7212214", "title": "Lessons learned from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV: FDA-approved Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 2 inhibitors may help us combat SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Arch Med Sci", "authors": ["Nabavi, Seyed Fazel", "Habtemariam, Solomon", "Clementi, Emilio", "Berindan-Neagoe, Ioana", "Cismaru, Cosmin Andrei", "Rasekhian, Mahsa", "Banach, Maciej", "Izadi, Morteza", "Bagheri, Mahdi", "Bagheri, Mohammad Sadegh", "Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399097", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221507, "title": "Coronavirus research updates: Surfaces could pose only a modest risk for household spread.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221507", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493734, "title": "New spectrum of COVID-19 manifestations in children: Kawasaki-like syndrome and hyperinflammatory response.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Panupattanapong, Sirada", "Brooks, Elizabeth B"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493734", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since late April 2020, data regarding Kawasaki-like syndrome and hyperinflammatory response in children associated with COVID-19 has rapidly emerged. Much remains unknown about the risk factors, pathogenesis, prognosis, and specific therapy for this emerging manifestation of COVID-19 known as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). MIS-C is rare and early recognition is crucial though no standardized treatment guideline have been established. Worldwide collaboration will be important as more cases are recognized going forward."}, {"pmid": 32464367, "pmcid": "PMC7204734", "title": "The neurology of COVID-19 revisited: A proposal from the Environmental Neurology Specialty Group of the World Federation of Neurology to implement international neurological registries.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Roman, Gustavo C", "Spencer, Peter S", "Reis, Jacques", "Buguet, Alain", "Faris, Mostafa El Alaoui", "Katrak, Sarosh M", "Lainez, Miguel", "Medina, Marco Tulio", "Meshram, Chandrashekhar", "Mizusawa, Hidehiro", "Ozturk, Serefnur", "Wasay, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464367", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A comprehensive review of the neurological disorders reported during the current COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates that infection with SARS-CoV-2 affects the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the muscle. CNS manifestations include: headache and decreased responsiveness considered initial indicators of potential neurological involvement; anosmia, hyposmia, hypogeusia, and dysgeusia are frequent early symptoms of coronavirus infection. Respiratory failure, the lethal manifestation of COVID-19, responsible for 264,679 deaths worldwide, is probably neurogenic in origin and may result from the viral invasion of cranial nerve I, progressing into rhinencephalon and brainstem respiratory centers. Cerebrovascular disease, in particular large-vessel ischemic strokes, and less frequently cerebral venous thrombosis, intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, usually occur as part of a thrombotic state induced by viral attachment to ACE2 receptors in endothelium causing widespread endotheliitis, coagulopathy, arterial and venous thromboses. Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy is associated to the cytokine storm. A frontal hypoperfusion syndrome has been identified. There are isolated reports of seizures, encephalopathy, meningitis, encephalitis, and myelitis. The neurological diseases affecting the PNS and muscle in COVID-19 are less frequent and include Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome; Miller Fisher syndrome; polyneuritis cranialis; and rare instances of viral myopathy with rhabdomyolysis. The main conclusion of this review is the pressing need to define the neurology of COVID-19, its frequency, manifestations, neuropathology and pathogenesis. On behalf of the World Federation of Neurology we invite national and regional neurological associations to create local databases to report cases with neurological manifestations observed during the on-going pandemic. International neuroepidemiological collaboration may help define the natural history of this worldwide problem."}, {"pmid": 32339556, "pmcid": "PMC7195371", "title": "Experience from Malaysia During the COVID-19 Movement Control Order.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Khor, Vincent", "Arunasalam, Arun", "Azli, Saiful", "Khairul-Asri, Mohd Ghani", "Fahmy, Omar"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339556", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392669, "title": "Guidelines for control and prevention of COVID-19 in surgical and anesthetic settings.", "journal": "Korean J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Kim, Hyun Joo", "Ko, Justin Sangwook", "Seo, Hyungseok", "Kim, Tae-Yop"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392669", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32173381, "pmcid": "PMC7102533", "title": "Emergence of SARS-like coronavirus in China: An update.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Zhipeng", "Xiao, Kangpeng", "Zhang, Xu", "Roy, Ayan", "Shen, Yongyi"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173381", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405605, "pmcid": "PMC7218364", "title": "New protection barrier for endoscopic procedures in the era of pandemic COVID-19.", "journal": "VideoGIE", "authors": ["Luis, Sabbagh", "Margarita, Huertas", "Javier, Preciado", "Daniela, Sabbagh"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405605", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32186894, "title": "Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes of Women With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Preliminary Analysis.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Liu, Dehan", "Li, Lin", "Wu, Xin", "Zheng, Dandan", "Wang, Jiazheng", "Yang, Lian", "Zheng, Chuansheng"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32186894", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical manifestations and CT features of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia in 15 pregnant women and to provide some initial evidence that can be used for guiding treatment of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We reviewed the clinical data and CT examinations of 15 consecutive pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia in our hospital from January 20, 2020, to February 10, 2020. A semiquantitative CT scoring system was used to estimate pulmonary involvement and the time course of changes on chest CT. Symptoms and laboratory results were analyzed, treatment experiences were summarized, and clinical outcomes were tracked. RESULTS. Eleven patients had successful delivery (10 cesarean deliveries and one vaginal delivery) during the study period, and four patients were still pregnant (three in the second trimester and one in the third trimester) at the end of the study period. No cases of neonatal asphyxia, neonatal death, stillbirth, or abortion were reported. The most common early finding on chest CT was ground-glass opacity (GGO). With disease progression, crazy paving pattern and consolidations were seen on CT. The abnormalities showed absorptive changes at the end of the study period for all patients. The most common onset symptoms of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women were fever (13/15 patients) and cough (9/15 patients). The most common abnormal laboratory finding was lymphocytopenia (12/15 patients). CT images obtained before and after delivery showed no signs of pneumonia aggravation after delivery. The four patients who were still pregnant at the end of the study period were not treated with antiviral drugs but had achieved good recovery. CONCLUSION. Pregnancy and childbirth did not aggravate the course of symptoms or CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia. All the cases of COVID-19 pneumonia in the pregnant women in our study were the mild type. All the women in this study-some of whom did not receive antiviral drugs-achieved good recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32118393, "title": "[Myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wei, Z Y", "Qian, H Y"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118393", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438345, "title": "Endocrinology in the time of COVID-19: Management of thyroid nodules and cancer.", "journal": "Eur J Endocrinol", "authors": ["Vrachimis, Alexis", "Iacovou, Ioannis", "Giannoula, Evanthia", "Giovanella, Luca"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438345", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most patients with thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer (TC) referred for diagnostic work-up and treatment are not considered at higher risk of infection from SARS-CoV-2 compared to the general population. On the other hand, healthcare resources should be spared to the maximum extent possible during a pandemic. Indeed, while thyroid nodules are very common, only a small percentage are cancerous and, in turn, most thyroid cancers are indolent in nature. Accordingly, diagnostic work-up of thyroid nodules, thyroid surgery for either benign or malignant thyroid nodules and radioiodine treatment for differentiated thyroid cancers may be safely postponed during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Appropriate patient counselling, however, is mandatory and red flags should be carefully identified prompting immediate evaluation and treatment as appropriate. For these selected cases diagnostic work-up (e.g. ultrasound, scintigraphy, fine-needle aspiration), surgery and radioiodine therapy may proceed despite the threat of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19, after an individual risk-benefit analysis."}, {"pmid": 32378284, "pmcid": "PMC7261972", "title": "Chilblain-like lesions in pediatrics dermatological outpatients during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Garcia-Lara, G", "Linares-Gonzalez, Laura", "Rodenas-Herranz, Teresa", "Ruiz-Villaverde, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378284", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416289, "pmcid": "PMC7235586", "title": "Subjective neurological symptoms frequently occur in patients with SARS-CoV2 infection.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Liguori, Claudio", "Pierantozzi, Mariangela", "Spanetta, Matteo", "Sarmati, Loredana", "Cesta, Novella", "Iannetta, Marco", "Ora, Josuel", "Mina, Grazia Genga", "Puxeddu, Ermanno", "Balbi, Ottavia", "Pezzuto, Gabriella", "Magrini, Andrea", "Rogliani, Paola", "Andreoni, Massimo", "Mercuri, Nicola Biagio"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416289", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a novel pneumonia leading to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Recent studies documented that SARS-Coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV2), responsible for COVID-19, can affect the nervous system. The aim of the present observational study was to prospectively assess subjective neurological symptoms (sNS) in patients with SARS-CoV2 infection. We included patients hospitalized at the University Hospital of Rome \"Tor Vergata\", medical center dedicated to the treatment of patients with COVID-19 diagnosis, who underwent an anamnestic interview about sNS consisting of 13 items, each related to a specific symptom, requiring a dichotomized answer. We included 103 patients with SARS-CoV2 infection. Ninety-four patients (91.3%) reported at least one sNS. Sleep impairment was the most frequent symptom, followed by dysgeusia, headache, hyposmia, and depression. Women more frequently complained hyposmia, dysgeusia, dizziness, numbeness/paresthesias, daytime sleepiness, and muscle ache. Moreover, muscle ache and daytime sleepiness were more frequent in the first 2\u00a0days after admission. Conversely, sleep impairment was more frequent in patients with more than 7\u00a0days of hospitalization. In these patients we also documented higher white blood cells and lower C-reactive protein levels. These laboratory findings correlated with the occurrence of hyposmia, dysgeusia, headache, daytime sleepiness, and depression. Patients with SARS-CoV2 infection frequently present with sNS. These symptoms are present from the early phases of the disease. The possibly intrinsic neurotropic properties of SARS-CoV2 may justify the very high frequency of sNS. Further studies targeted at investigating the consequences of SARS-CoV2 infection on the CNS should be planned."}, {"pmid": 32338486, "title": "Air pollution and SARS-CoV-2 in the Po Valley: possible environmental persistence?", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Di Cerbo, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338486", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522810, "title": "Fighting on two fronts: drug-drug interactions in people living with HIV infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur J Hosp Pharm", "authors": ["Bahap, Melda", "Kara, Emre", "Sain Guven, Gulay"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522810", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32043978, "pmcid": "PMC7128127", "title": "Pandemic potential of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Thompson, Robin"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32043978", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522435, "title": "[COVID-19: Fever syndrome and neurological symptoms in a neonate].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Chacon-Aguilar, Rocio", "Osorio-Camara, Juana Maria", "Sanjurjo-Jimenez, Isabel", "Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Carolina", "Lopez-Carnero, Juan", "Perez-Moneo, Begona"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522435", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490640, "title": "Letter to the Editor: Radiological approaches to COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Ufuk, Furkan", "Savas, Recep", "Hazirolan, Tuncay"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490640", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dear editor, We read with great interest the article titled ?Radiological approaches to COVID-19 pneumonia? by Akcay S. et al. in the latest issue of Turk J Med Sci [1]. The authors provided a review of the radiological findings of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia. We would like to highlight some missing radiological findings in this article, and we want to contribute to some critical radiological findings."}, {"pmid": 32404780, "title": "FIRST CASE OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 IN CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA IN CHINA.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Zhao, Yang", "Zhao, Weihong", "Wang, Aibin", "Qian, Fang", "Wang, Sa", "Zhuang, Liwei", "Zhang, Fujie", "Sun, Delin", "Gao, Guiju"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404780", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) comorbid with leukemia in a patient hospitalized in Beijing, China. The patient showed a prolonged manifestation of symptoms and a protracted diagnosis period of COVID-19. It is necessary to extend isolation time, increase the number of nucleic acid detections and conduct early symptomatic treatment for children with both COVID-19 and additional health problems."}, {"pmid": 32273606, "title": "Spread of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Stower, Hannah"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273606", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490890, "title": "Progression of confirmed COVID-19 cases after the implementation of control measures.", "journal": "Rev Bras Ter Intensiva", "authors": ["Antunes, Bianca Brandao de Paula", "Peres, Igor Tona", "Baiao, Fernanda Araujo", "Ranzani, Otavio Tavares", "Bastos, Leonardo Dos Santos Lourenco", "Silva, Amanda de Araujo Batista da", "Souza, Guilherme Faveret Garcia de", "Marchesi, Janaina Figueira", "Dantas, Leila Figueiredo", "Vargas, Soraida Aguilar", "Macaira, Paula", "Hamacher, Silvio", "Bozza, Fernando Augusto"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490890", "countries": ["Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "Brazil", "Spain", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyse the measures adopted by countries that have shown control over the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and how each curve of accumulated cases behaved after the implementation of those measures. The methodology adopted for this study comprises three phases: systemizing control measures adopted by different countries, identifying structural breaks in the growth of the number of cases for those countries, and analyzing Brazilian data in particular. We noted that China (excluding Hubei Province), Hubei Province, and South Korea have been effective in their deceleration of the growth rates of COVID-19 cases. The effectiveness of the measures taken by these countries could be seen after 1 to 2 weeks of their application. In Italy and Spain, control measures at the national level were taken at a late stage of the epidemic, which could have contributed to the high propagation of COVID-19. In Brazil, Rio de Janeiro and S\u00e3o Paulo adopted measures that could be effective in slowing the propagation of the virus. However, we only expect to see their effects on the growth of the curve in the coming days. Our results may help decisionmakers in countries in relatively early stages of the epidemic, especially Brazil, understand the importance of control measures in decelerating the growth curve of confirmed cases."}, {"pmid": 32331829, "pmcid": "PMC7141481", "title": "[Smoking and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Rev Mal Respir", "authors": ["Underner, M", "Peiffer, G", "Perriot, J", "Jaafari, N"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331829", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223774, "pmcid": "PMC7156573", "title": "Roadblocks to Infection Prevention Efforts in Healthcare SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Response.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Popescu, Saskia"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223774", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Canada", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel coronavirus, COVID-19, is challenging international public health and healthcare efforts. As hospitals work to acquire enough personal protective equipment and brace for potential cases, the role of infection prevention efforts and programs has become increasingly important. Lessons from the 2003 SARS-CoV outbreak in Toronto and 2015 MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea have unveiled the critical role that hospitals play in outbreaks, especially of novel coronaviruses. Their ability to amplify the spread of disease can rapidly fuel transmission of the disease and often those failures in infection prevention and general hospital practices contribute to such events. While efforts to enhance infection prevention measures and hospital readiness are underway in the United States, it is important to understand why these programs were not able to maintain continued, sustainable levels of readiness. History has shown that infection prevention programs are primarily responsible for preparing hospitals and responding to biological events but face under-staffing and focused efforts defined by administrators. The current U.S. healthcare system though, is built upon a series of priorities that often view biopreparedness as a costly endeavor. Awareness of these competing priorities and the challenges infection prevention programs face when working to maintain biopreparedness is critical in adequately addressing this critical infrastructure in the face of an international outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32519764, "title": "Could melatonin be used in COVID-19 patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kow, Chia Siang", "Hasan, Syed Shahzad"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519764", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The study by Jiang et al. [1] to determine the impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) on the clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is first of its kind study in the literature. While available studies have mostly focused on the effect of cardiovascular comorbidities, the authors' work raises the concurrent gastrointestinal related issues in patients with COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32414804, "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia in a large cohort of patients treated with biological and targeted synthetic antirheumatic drugs.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Conticini, Edoardo", "Bargagli, Elena", "Bardelli, Marco", "Rana, Giuseppe Domenico", "Baldi, Caterina", "Cameli, Paolo", "Gentileschi, Stefano", "Bennett, David", "Falsetti, Paolo", "Lanzarone, Nicola", "Bellisai, Francesca", "Barreca, Cristiana", "D'Alessandro, Roberto", "Cantarini, Luca", "Frediani, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414804", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496274, "title": "Mechanical Ventilation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Combating the Tsunami of Misinformation From Mainstream and Social Media.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Savel, Richard H", "Shiloh, Ariel L", "Saunders, Paul C", "Kupfer, Yizhak"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496274", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234343, "pmcid": "PMC7102547", "title": "Monitoring transmissibility and mortality of COVID-19 in Europe.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yuan, Jing", "Li, Minghui", "Lv, Gang", "Lu, Z Kevin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234343", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy", "France", "Spain"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a global pandemic is inevitable, real-time monitoring of transmission is vital for containing the spread of COVID-19. The main objective of this study was to report the real-time effective reproduction numbers (R(t)) and case fatality rates (CFR) in Europe. Data for this study were obtained mainly from the World Health Organization website, up to March 9, 2020. R(t) were estimated by exponential growth rate (EG) and time-dependent (TD) methods. 'R0' package in R was employed to estimate R(t) by fitting the existing epidemic curve. Both the na\u00efve CFR (nCFR) and adjusted CFR (aCFR) were estimated. With the EG method, R(t) was 3.27 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.17-3.38) for Italy, 6.32 (95% CI 5.72-6.99) for France, 6.07 (95% CI 5.51-6.69) for Germany, and 5.08 (95% CI 4.51-5.74) for Spain. With the TD method, the R value for March 9 was 3.10 (95% CI 2.21-4.11) for Italy, 6.56 (95% CI 2.04-12.26) for France, 4.43 (95% CI 1.83-7.92) for Germany, and 3.95 (95% CI 0-10.19) for Spain. This study provides important findings on the early outbreak of COVID-19 in Europe. Due to the recent rapid increase in new cases of COVID-19, real-time monitoring of the transmissibility and mortality in Spain and France is a priority."}, {"pmid": 32416370, "pmcid": "PMC7201240", "title": "Has COVID-19 played an unexpected \"stroke\" on the chain of survival?", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Naccarato, Marcello", "Scali, Ilario", "Olivo, Sasha", "Ajcevic, Milos", "Buoite Stella, Alex", "Furlanis, Giovanni", "Lugnan, Carlo", "Caruso, Paola", "Peratoner, Alberto", "Cominotto, Franco", "Manganotti, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416370", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemics required several changes in stroke management and it may have influenced some clinical or functional characteristics. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemics on stroke management during the first month of Italy lockdown. In addition, we described the emergency structured pathway adopted by an Italian University Hub Stroke Unit in the cross-border Italy-Slovenia area. We analyzed admitted patients' clinical features and outcomes between 9th March 2020 and 9th April 2020 (first month of lockdown), and compared them with patients admitted during the same period in 2019. Total admissions experienced a reduction of 45% during the lockdown compared to the same period in 2019 (16 vs 29, respectively), as well as a higher prevalence of severe stroke (NIHSS>10) at admission (n\u00a0=\u00a08, 50% vs n\u00a0=\u00a08, 28%). A dramatic prevalence of stroke of unknown symptom onset was observed in 2020 (n\u00a0=\u00a08, 50% vs n\u00a0=\u00a03, 10%). During lockdown, worse functional and independence outcomes were found, despite the similar proportion of reperfused patients. Similar 'symptoms alert-to-admission' and 'door-to-treatment' times were observed. During lockdown hospitalization was shorter and fewer patients completed the stroke work-up. In conclusion, the adopted strategies for stroke management during the COVID-19 emergency have suggested being effective, while suffering a reduced and delayed reporting of symptoms. Therefore, we recommend raising awareness among the population against possible stroke symptoms onset. Thus, think F.A.S.T. and do not stay-at-home at all costs."}, {"pmid": 32502706, "pmcid": "PMC7264934", "title": "Provisions for Obstetrics and Gynaecology - letter to the editor on \"Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 2 (surgical prioritisation)\": A correspondence.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Sookramanien, Sabrina Pamela", "Sookramanien, Sandra Ravina", "Shubber, Nour"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502706", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255564, "pmcid": "PMC7137795", "title": "A warm welcome to our new editors.", "journal": "FEBS Open Bio", "authors": ["De la Rosa, Miguel A"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255564", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this Editorial, the Editor-in-Chief Professor Miguel A. De la Rosa introduces the new members of the Editorial Board and discusses the effects of COVID-19 on the journal."}, {"pmid": 32449789, "title": "Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 in patients recovered from COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Hoang, Van Thuan", "Dao, Thi Loi", "Gautret, Philippe"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449789", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recurrence of positive SARS CoV-2 PCR has been described in patients discharged from hospital after 2 consecutive negative PCR. We discuss possible explanations including false negative, reactivation and re-infection and propose different strategy to solve this issue. Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding and recurrence of viral RNA shedding in asymptomatic patients remain unknown. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by asymptomatic carriers had been documented. Considering the significance of this ongoing global public health emergency, it is necessary to carry out large studies to better understand the issue of potential SARS-CoV-2 recurrence in COVID-19 patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32253325, "pmcid": "PMC7140931", "title": "Journal Flexibility in the Troubling Times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Plant Physiol", "authors": ["Meyers, Blake", "Baxter, Ivan", "Blatt, Mike", "Sweetlove, Lee", "Daniell, Henry", "Lunn, John", "Taylor, Crispin", "Winchester, Nancy"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253325", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476308, "title": "Empirical Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Shin, Hyoung Shik"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476308", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the population and throughout the cells within our body has been developing. Another major cycle of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is expected in the coming fall, could be even more severe than the current one. Therefore, effective countermeasures should be developed based on the already obtained clinical and research information about SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this review was to summarize the data on the empirical treatment of COVID-19 acquired during this SARS-CoV-2 infection cycle; this would aid the establishment of an appropriate healthcare policy to meet the challenges in the future. The infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by common cold along with hypersensitivity reaction. Thus, in addition to treating common cold, it is essential to minimize the exposure of cells to the virus and to mitigate the uncontrolled immune response. A proper combination of antiviral agents, immune modulators such as prednisolone, and anticoagulants such as heparin and anti-C5a antagonists could be employed to minimize lung damage and prevent systemic involvements. Finally, strategies to achieve population immunity against SARS-CoV-2 should be developed through understanding of the interaction between the immune system and the virus."}, {"pmid": 32492361, "title": "Governance lessons from COVID-19.", "journal": "Aust Health Rev", "authors": ["Duckett, Stephen"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492361", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510005, "pmcid": "PMC7261075", "title": "COVID-19 target: A specific target for novel coronavirus detection.", "journal": "Gene Rep", "authors": ["Kakhki, Reza Kamali", "Kakhki, Mohammad Kamali", "Neshani, Alireza"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510005", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus has been reported worldwide and become a global health problem; hence, the diagnosis and differentiation of this virus from other types of coronavirus is essential to control of the disease. To this end, the analysis of genomics data plays a vital role in introducing a stronger target and consequently provides better results in laboratory examinations. The modified comparative genomics approach helps us to find novel specific targets by comparing two or more sequences on the nucleotide collection database. We, for the first time, detected ORF8 gene as a potential target for the detection of the novel coronavirus. Unlike previous reported genes (RdRP, E and N genes), ORF8 is entirely specific to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and has no cross-reactivity with other kinds of coronavirus. Accordingly, ORF8 gene can be used as an additional confirmatory assay."}, {"pmid": 32387786, "pmcid": "PMC7202815", "title": "Neurological Impact of Coronavirus Disease of 2019: Practical Considerations for the Neuroscience Community.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Werner, Cassidy", "Scullen, Tyler", "Mathkour, Mansour", "Zeoli, Tyler", "Beighley, Adam", "Kilgore, Mitchell D", "Carr, Christopher", "Zweifler, Richard M", "Aysenne, Aimee", "Maulucci, Christopher M", "Dumont, Aaron S", "Bui, Cuong J", "Keen, Joseph R"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387786", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has recently been designated a pandemic by the World Health Organization, affecting 2.7 million individuals globally as of April 25, 2020, with more than 187,000 deaths. An increasing body of evidence has supported central nervous system involvement. We conducted a review of the reported data for studies concerning COVID-19 pathophysiology, neurological manifestations, and neuroscience provider recommendations and guidelines. Central nervous system manifestations range from vague nonfocal complaints to severe neurological impairment associated with encephalitis. It is unclear whether the neurological dysfunction results from direct viral injury or systemic disease. The virus could affect brainstem pathways that lead to indirect respiratory dysfunction, in addition to direct pulmonary injury. Necessary adaptations in patient management, triage, and diagnosis are evolving in light of the ongoing scientific and clinical findings. The present review has consolidated the current body of data regarding the neurological impact of coronaviruses, discussed the reported neurological manifestations of COVID-19, and highlighted the recommendations for patient management. Specific recommendations pertaining to clinical practice for neurologists and neurosurgeons have also been provided."}, {"pmid": 32504823, "title": "Patient-Centered, Gynecology-Specific Prioritization of Non-urgent Surgeries During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Proposal of a Novel Scoring System.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Borahay, Mostafa A", "Wethington, Stephanie L", "Wang, Karen C", "Christianson, Mindy S", "Martin, Stephen", "Lawson, Shari M", "Esguerra, Cybill", "Lippitt, Melissa H", "Wu, Harold", "Handa, Victoria L", "Satin, Andrew J", "Fader, Amanda N"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504823", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277733, "pmcid": "PMC7262091", "title": "Summarizing societal guidelines regarding bronchoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Lentz, Robert J", "Colt, Henri"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277733", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474038, "pmcid": "PMC7263266", "title": "An Early Warning Score to predict ICU admission in COVID-19 positive patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Meylan, Sylvain", "Akrour, Rachid", "Regina, Jean", "Bart, Pierre-Alexandre", "Dami, Fabrice", "Calandra, Thierry"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474038", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188598, "title": "Covid-19: how doctors and healthcare systems are tackling coronavirus worldwide.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins", "Hayasaki, Erika", "Zastrow, Mark", "Pulla, Priyanka", "Smith, Paul", "Rada, Acer Garcia"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188598", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32035533, "pmcid": "PMC7138017", "title": "What to do next to control the 2019-nCoV epidemic?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wang, Fu-Sheng", "Zhang, Chao"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035533", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449668, "title": "[Letter to the Editor about the Article: \"Excess Mortality Estimation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preliminary Data from Portugal https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.13928\"].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Mota, Antonio Oscar"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449668", "countries": ["Portugal"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418631, "pmcid": "PMC7227499", "title": "Restructuring the surgical service during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from a tertiary institution in Singapore.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Low, Tze-Yi", "Hartman, Mikael", "Chee, Corissa Yi Juan", "Mohankumar, Bhuvaneshwari", "Ang, Sophia Bee Leng", "San, Moe Thu", "Shabbir, Asim", "Madhavan, Krishnakumar", "So, Jimmy Bok Yan"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418631", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501379, "pmcid": "PMC7254002", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 pandemic upon stability and sequential irregularity of equity and cryptocurrency markets.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Lahmiri, Salim", "Bekiros, Stelios"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501379", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We explore the evolution of the informational efficiency in 45 cryptocurrency markets and 16 international stock markets before and during COVID-19 pandemic. The measures of Largest Lyapunov Exponent (LLE) based on the Rosenstein's method and Approximate Entropy (ApEn), which are robust to small samples, are applied to price time series in order to estimate degrees of stability and irregularity in cryptocurrency and international stock markets. The amount of regularity infers on the unpredictability of fluctuations. The t-test and F-test are performed on estimated LLE and ApEn. In total, 36 statistical tests are performed to check for differences between time periods (pre- versus during COVID-19 pandemic samples) on the one hand, as well as check for differences between markets (cryptocurrencies versus stocks), on the other hand. During the COVID-19 pandemic period it was found that (a) the level of stability in cryptocurrency markets has significantly diminished while the irregularity level significantly augmented, (b) the level of stability in international equity markets has not changed but gained more irregularity, (c) cryptocurrencies became more volatile, (d) the variability in stability and irregularity in equities has not been affected, (e) cryptocurrency and stock markets exhibit a similar degree of stability in price dynamics, whilst finally (f) cryptocurrency exhibit a low level of regularity compared to international equity markets. We find that cryptos showed more instability and more irregularity during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to international stock markets. Thus, from an informational efficiency perspective, investing in digital assets during big crises as the COVID-19 pandemic, could be considered riskier as opposed to equities."}, {"pmid": 32497290, "title": "Epidemiological evidence for association between higher influenza vaccine uptake in the elderly and lower COVID-19 deaths in Italy.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Marin-Hernandez, Daniela", "Schwartz, Robert E", "Nixon, Douglas F"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497290", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223073, "pmcid": "PMC7228205", "title": "Antipsoriatic treatments during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Di Lernia, Vito"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223073", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391578, "pmcid": "PMC7272995", "title": "Are dental schools adequately preparing dental students to face outbreaks of infectious diseases such as COVID-19?", "journal": "J Dent Educ", "authors": ["Ghai, Suhani"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391578", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, also known as SARS-CoV-2) has caused >2,622,571 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in >185 countries, and >182,359 deaths globally. More than 9000 healthcare workers have also been infected by 2019-nCoV. Prior to the present pandemic of COVID-19, there have been multiple large-scale epidemics and pandemics of other viral respiratory infections, such as seasonal flu, Spanish flu (H1N1), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and others. Dental professionals are at an increased risk for contracting these viruses from dental patients, as dental practice involves face-to-face communication with the patients and frequent exposure to saliva, blood, and other body fluids. Dental education can play an important role in the training of dentists, helping them to adopt adequate knowledge and attitudes related to infection control measures. The current dental curriculum does not cover infection control adequately, especially from airborne pathogens. Infection control education needs to be included in the dental curriculum itself, and students should be trained adequately to protect them and prevent the infection from disseminating even before they see their first patient."}, {"pmid": 32365049, "title": "Tracheostomy during novel corona virus pandemic.", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Perenyi, Adam", "Sztano, Balazs", "Bella, Zsolt", "Szegesdi, Ilona", "Csanady, Miklos", "Kelemen, Eva", "Babik, Barna", "Rovo, Laszlo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365049", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, 6 percent of COVID-19 patients required prolonged mechanical ventilation due to severe respiratory failure. Early tracheostomy prevents the risk of postintubation upper airway stenosis. In the pandemic, all surgical interventions that generate aerosol increase the risk of contamination of the medical staff, for which reason the \"traditional\" indications of tracheostomy have to be revised. Authors present their recommendations based on international experiences. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(19): 767-770."}, {"pmid": 32510106, "title": "Clinical Presentation of COVID19 in Dementia Patients.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Bianchetti, A", "Rozzini, R", "Guerini, F", "Boffelli, S", "Ranieri, P", "Minelli, G", "Bianchetti, L", "Trabucchi, M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510106", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No studies analyzing the role of dementia as a risk factor for mortality in patients affected by COVID-19. We assessed the prevalence, clinical presentation and outcomes of dementia among subjects hospitalized for COVID19 infection. Retrospective study. COVID wards in Acute Hospital in Brescia province, Northern Italy. We used data from 627 subjects admitted to Acute Medical wards with COVID 19 pneumonia. Clinical records of each patients admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of COVID19 infection were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnosis of dementia, modalities of onset of the COVID-19 infection, symptoms of presentation at the hospital and outcomes were recorded. Dementia was diagnosed in 82 patients (13.1%). The mortality rate was 62.2% (51/82) among patients affected by dementia compared to 26.2% (143/545) in subjects without dementia (p<0.001, Chi-Squared test). In a logistic regression model age, and the diagnosis of dementia resulted independently associated with a higher mortality, and patients diagnosed with dementia presented an OR of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.09-3.13, p<0.05). Among patients diagnosed with dementia the most frequent symptoms of onset were delirium, especially in the hypoactive form, and worsening of the functional status. The diagnosis of dementia, especially in the most advanced stages, represents an important risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 in subjects with dementia is atypical, reducing early recognition of symptoms and hospitalization."}, {"pmid": 32493339, "pmcid": "PMC7267748", "title": "Amplifying the role of knowledge translation platforms in the COVID-19 pandemic response.", "journal": "Health Res Policy Syst", "authors": ["El-Jardali, Fadi", "Bou-Karroum, Lama", "Fadlallah, Racha"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493339", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic presents the worst public health crisis in recent history. The response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been challenged by many factors, including scientific uncertainties, scarcity of relevant research, proliferation of misinformation and fake news, poor access to actionable evidence, time constraints, and weak collaborations among relevant stakeholders. Knowledge translation (KT) platforms, composed of organisations, initiatives and networks supporting evidence-informed policy-making, can play an important role in providing relevant and timely evidence to inform pandemic responses and bridge the gap between science, policy, practice and politics. In this Commentary, we highlight the emerging roles of KT platforms in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also reflect on the lessons learned from the efforts of a KT platform in a middle-income country to inform decision-making and practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. The lessons learned can be integrated into strengthening the role, structures and mandates of KT platforms as hubs for trustworthy evidence that can inform policies and practice during public health crises and in promoting their integration and institutionalisation within the policy-making processes."}, {"pmid": 32380272, "pmcid": "PMC7198418", "title": "Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical correlates of insomnia in volunteer and at home medical staff during the COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Li, Xingxing", "Yu, Haihang", "Bian, Guolin", "Hu, Zhenyu", "Liu, Xiaoli", "Zhou, Qi", "Yu, Chang", "Wu, Xiang", "Yuan, Ti-Fei", "Zhou, Dongsheng"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380272", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314799, "pmcid": "PMC7264729", "title": "Acute hypertriglyceridemia in patients with COVID-19 receiving tocilizumab.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Morrison, Austin R", "Johnson, Joseph M", "Ramesh, Mayur", "Bradley, Patrick", "Jennings, Jeffery", "Smith, Zachary R"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314799", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503617, "pmcid": "PMC7274513", "title": "Clinical characteristics of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: a retrospective case series.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Wang, Jie", "Yang, Qing", "Zhang, Piaopiao", "Sheng, Jifang", "Zhou, Jianying", "Qu, Tingting"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503617", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32026147, "pmcid": "PMC7091265", "title": "Diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: a pressing issue.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Shen, Kun-Ling", "Yang, Yong-Hong"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32026147", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298514, "pmcid": "PMC7262179", "title": "Noncutaneous considerations of COVID-19 for dermatology practices.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Ali, Faisal R", "Al-Niaimi, Firas"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298514", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 presents many pressing challenges to the global dermatological community and our patients with ongoing skin needs, which must be considered by every dermatology provider. Many of these are logistical and administrative, distinct from physical manifestations, and could be summarized by the acronym COVID (Consultations, Operations, Videoconferencing, Immunosuppressive medications, Drug and equipment shortages). While the pandemic may represent a threat to many parts of our existence, dermatologists can help the patients we care for by considering noncutaneous implications of COVID-19 upon our practice."}, {"pmid": 32393804, "title": "Real-time tracking of self-reported symptoms to predict potential COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Menni, Cristina", "Valdes, Ana M", "Freidin, Maxim B", "Sudre, Carole H", "Nguyen, Long H", "Drew, David A", "Ganesh, Sajaysurya", "Varsavsky, Thomas", "Cardoso, M Jorge", "El-Sayed Moustafa, Julia S", "Visconti, Alessia", "Hysi, Pirro", "Bowyer, Ruth C E", "Mangino, Massimo", "Falchi, Mario", "Wolf, Jonathan", "Ourselin, Sebastien", "Chan, Andrew T", "Steves, Claire J", "Spector, Tim D"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393804", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A total of 2,618,862 participants reported their potential symptoms of COVID-19 on a smartphone-based app. Among the 18,401 who had undergone a SARS-CoV-2 test, the proportion of participants who reported loss of smell and taste was higher in those with a positive test result (4,668 of 7,178 individuals; 65.03%) than in those with a negative test result (2,436 of 11,223 participants; 21.71%) (odds ratio\u2009=\u20096.74; 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20096.31-7.21). A model combining symptoms to predict probable infection was applied to the data from all app users who reported symptoms (805,753) and predicted that 140,312 (17.42%) participants are likely to have COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32036640, "title": "[Ten hot issues of breast cancer under the novel coronavirus].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Jiang, Z F", "Li, J B"], "date": "2020-02-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32036640", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305074, "pmcid": "PMC7162638", "title": "Wearing face masks in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic: altruism and solidarity.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Cheng, Kar Keung", "Lam, Tai Hing", "Leung, Chi Chiu"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305074", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425183, "title": "[Managing cardiac patients post-COVID-19 pandemic: a proposal by the ANMCO Veneto Region].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Bilato, Claudio", "Roncon, Loris", "Anselmi, Maurizio", "Valle, Roberto", "Perrone, Cosimo", "Mecenero, Alessandro", "Zuin, Marco", "Themistoclakis, Sakis"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425183", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 post-lockdown period and the subsequent progressive withdrawal of the quarantine measures are currently allowing the gradual resumption of the ordinary clinical activities, which have been suppressed during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this phase, it is crucial to minimize the risk of infection to limit COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality and the number of new cases. Indeed, COVID-19 manifestations may be equivocal, including asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients. In order to ensure the safety of patients and healthcare providers, therefore, it is mandatory to stratify the risk of post-COVID-19 pandemic infection during the clinical and instrumental evaluation of cardiac patients, who are at low risk for COVID-19. Here we discuss the most common diagnostic procedures and therapeutic activities, the type of personal protective equipment according to the different tests, the timetable of the different diagnostic examinations, the tele-health services or alternative strategies, and the structural and management requirements, that should be applied to protect patients and healthcare providers in the post-COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32505432, "title": "Does COVID-19 cause axonal GBS?", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Umapathi, Thirugnanam"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505432", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32020111, "title": "Coronavirus outbreak: what's next?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Lewis, Dyani"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32020111", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502281, "title": "Peaceful Goodbyes: Providing End-of-Life Care to Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Choi, Catherine"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502281", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416144, "pmcid": "PMC7235605", "title": "A hospital-based COVID-19 abortion case in the early phase of the pandemic.", "journal": "Contraception", "authors": ["Fang, Nancy Z", "Castano, Paula M", "Davis, Anne"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416144", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this case report we discuss changes in hospital-based abortion care due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We highlight our experience with exposure to an asymptomatic COVID-19 positive patient. We hope early lessons from the United States epicenter will guide clinicians providing abortion care during this and future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32516146, "title": "Preventing Infection of Patients and Healthcare Workers Should Be the New Normal in the Era of Novel Coronavirus Epidemics: Reply.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Bowdle, Andrew", "Munoz-Price, L Silvia"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516146", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497413, "title": "NANDA-I, NOC, and NIC Linkages to SARS-Cov-2 (Covid-19): Part 1. Community Response.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Knowl", "authors": ["Moorhead, Sue", "Macieira, Tamara Goncalves Rezende", "Lopez, Karen Dunn", "Mantovani, Vanessa Monteiro", "Swanson, Elizabeth", "Wagner, Cheryl", "Abe, Noriko"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497413", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We developed linkages using interoperable standardized nursing terminologies, NANDA International (NANDA-I) nursing diagnoses, Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), to present initial guidance for the development of care plans focused on COVID-19 for nurses practicing in community or public health roles. Seven nurse experts identified the linkages of NANDA-I, NOC and NIC for our work related to the COVID-19 pandemic. A model was developed to guide the project. The first step in creating linkages focused on the identification of nursing diagnoses. Then, for each nursing diagnosis, outcomes aligned with all components of the diagnosis were categorized and a list of nursing interventions was selected. The experts used their clinical judgment to make final decisions on the linkages selected in this study. Two community level nursing diagnoses were identified as key problems appropriate for a pandemic related to COVID-19: Deficient Community Health and Ineffective Community Coping. For the nursing diagnosis Deficient Community Health, eight nursing outcomes and 12 nursing interventions were selected. In comparison for the nursing diagnosis, Ineffective Community Coping, nine nursing outcomes and 18 nursing interventions were identified. A total of40 concepts were identified for future development across the three classifications. The nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions selected during this linkage process provide knowledge to support the community challenged with responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, provide the opportunity to quantify the impact of nursing care, and enhance nursing practice by promoting the use of three standardized terminologies. NANDA-I, NOC and NIC linkages identified in this manuscript provide resources to support clinical decisions and care plan development for nurses practicing in the community."}, {"pmid": 32344456, "pmcid": "PMC7267450", "title": "Neuraxial anaesthesia and peripheral nerve blocks during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review and practice recommendations.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Uppal, V", "Sondekoppam, R V", "Landau, R", "El-Boghdadly, K", "Narouze, S", "Kalagara, H K P"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344456", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on global healthcare services. In an attempt to limit the spread of infection and to preserve healthcare resources, one commonly used strategy has been to postpone elective surgery, whilst maintaining the provision of anaesthetic care for urgent and emergency surgery. General anaesthesia with airway intervention leads to aerosol generation, which increases the risk of COVID-19 contamination in operating rooms and significantly exposes the healthcare teams to COVID-19 infection during both tracheal intubation and extubation. Therefore, the provision of regional anaesthesia may be key during this pandemic, as it may reduce the need for general anaesthesia and the associated risk from aerosol-generating procedures. However, guidelines on the safe performance of regional anaesthesia in light of the COVID-19 pandemic are limited. The goal of this review is to provide up-to-date, evidence-based recommendations or expert opinion when evidence is limited, for performing regional anaesthesia procedures in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. These recommendations focus on seven specific domains including: planning of resources and staffing; modifying the clinical environment; preparing equipment, supplies and drugs; selecting appropriate personal protective equipment; providing adequate oxygen therapy; assessing for and safely performing regional anaesthesia procedures; and monitoring during the conduct of anaesthesia and post-anaesthetic care. Implicit in these recommendations is preserving patient safety whilst protecting healthcare providers from possible exposure."}, {"pmid": 32273604, "title": "Lopinavir-ritonavir in severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Stower, Hannah"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273604", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425995, "pmcid": "PMC7227532", "title": "Masks and closed-loop ventilators prevent environmental contamination by COVID-19 patients in negative-pressure environments.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Su, Wen-Lin", "Hung, Po-Pin", "Lin, Chih-Pei", "Chen, Li-Kuang", "Lan, Chou-Chin", "Yang, Mei-Chen", "Peng, Ming-Yieh", "Chao, You-Chen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425995", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Herein, we report that nosocomial infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be mitigated by using surgical masks and closed looped ventilation for both non-critical and critical patients. These preventive measures resulted in no viral contamination of surfaces in negative pressure environments."}, {"pmid": 32496734, "title": "The effects of blood group types on the risk of COVID-19 infection and its clinical outcome.", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Goker, Hakan", "Aladag Karakulak, Elifcan", "Demiroglu, Haluk", "Ayaz Ceylan, Caglayan Merve", "Buyukasik, Yahya", "Inkaya, Ahmet Cagkan", "Aksu, Salih", "Sayinalp, Nilgun", "Haznedaroglu, Ibrahim Celalettin", "Uzun, Omrum", "Akova, Murat", "Ozcebe, Osman Ilhami", "Unal, Serhat"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496734", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease of 2019) is an infectious disease outbreak later on declared as a pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2). It spreads very rapidly and can result in severe acute respiratory failure. The clinical studies have shown that advanced age and chronic diseases increase the risk of infection. However, influence of the blood groups on COVID-19 infection and its outcome remains to be confirmed. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there exists a relationship between the blood groups of the patients and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. 186 patients with PCR confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in this study. Age, gender, blood groups, comorbidities, need for intubation and intensive care unit follow up and mortalities of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. 1881 healthy individuals, who presented to the Hacettepe University Blood Bank served as the controls. The most frequently detected blood group was blood group A (57%) amongst the COVID-19 patients. This was followed by the blood group O (24.8%). The blood group types did not affect the clinical outcomes. Blood group A was statistically significantly more frequent among those infected with COVID-19 compared to controls (57% vs 38%, p <0.001; OR: 2.1). On the other hand, the frequency of blood group O was significantly lower in the COVID-19 patients, compared to the control group (24.8% vs 37.2%, p: 0.001; OR: 1.8). The results of the present study suggest that while the blood group A might have a role in increased susceptibility to the COVID-19 infection, the blood group O might be somewhat protective. However, once infected, blood group type does not seem to influence clinical outcome."}, {"pmid": 32404786, "title": "Clinical Analysis of 25 Novel Coronavirus Infections in Children.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Bai, Ke", "Liu, Wenjun", "Liu, Chengjun", "Fu, Yueqiang", "Hu, Jun", "Qin, Yanran", "Zhang, Qiaoying", "Chen, Hongyan", "Xu, Feng", "Li, Changda"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404786", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the characteristics of clinical manifestations of children with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in Chongqing. All 25 children with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RNA-PCR) were admitted from the 4 designated treatment hospitals of 2019-nCoV in Chongqing from January 19 to March 12, 2020. Clinical data and epidemiological history of these patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The diagnosis was confirmed through RNA-PCR testing. Among the 25 cases, 14 were males and 11 were females. The median age was 11.0 (6.3-14.5) years (range 0.6-17.0 years). All children were related to a family cluster outbreak, and 7 children (28%) with a travel or residence history in Hubei Province. These patients could be categorized into different clinical types, including 8 (32%) asymptomatic, 4 (16%) very mild cases and 13 (52%) common cases. No severe or critical cases were identified. The most common symptoms were cough (13 cases, 52%) and fever (6 cases, 24%). The duration time of clinical symptoms was 13.0 (8.0-25.0) days. In the 25 cases, on admission, 21 cases (84%) had normal white blood cell counts, while only 2 cases (8%) more than 10 \u00d7 10/L and 2 cases (8%) less than 4 \u00d7 10/L, respectively; 22 cases(88%) had normal CD4+ T lymphocyte counts, while in the remaining 3 cases(8%) this increased mildly; 23 cases had normal CD8+ T lymphocyte counts, while in the remaining 2 cases (8%) CD8+ T lymphocyte counts were mildly increased as well. All Lymphocyte counts were normal. There were no statistical differences of lab results between the groups of asymptomatic cases, mild cases and common cases. There were only 13 cases with abnormal CT imaging, most of which were located in the subpleural area of the bottom of the lung. All patients were treated with interferon, 6 cases combined with Ribavirin, and 12 cases combined with lopinavir or ritonavir. The days from onset to RNA turning negative was 15.20 \u00b1 6.54 days. There was no significant difference of RNA turning negative between the groups of interferon, interferon plus ribavirin and interferon plus lopinavir or ritonavir treatment. All the cases recovered and were discharged from hospital. The morbidity of 2019-nCoV infection in children is lower than in adults and the clinical manifestations and inflammatory biomarkers in children are nonspecific and milder than that in adults. RNA-PCR test is still the most reliable diagnostic method, especially for asymptomatic patients."}, {"pmid": 32444322, "pmcid": "PMC7198180", "title": "Disparities in the Luxury of Distance for COVID-19 Care.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Wilkins, James M", "Nowak, Lisa M", "Forester, Brent P"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444322", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32288968, "pmcid": "PMC7128746", "title": "A data driven time-dependent transmission rate for tracking an epidemic: a case study of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Sci Bull (Beijing)", "authors": ["Huang, Norden E", "Qiao, Fangli"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288968", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279654, "title": "COVID-19 UPDATE.", "journal": "Exp Clin Transplant", "authors": ["Haberal, Mehmet"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279654", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496429, "title": "Comparison of the Effectiveness of Different Barrier Enclosure Techniques in Protection of Healthcare Workers During Tracheal Intubation and Extubation.", "journal": "A A Pract", "authors": ["Ibrahim, Mohamed", "Khan, Ejaz", "Babazade, Rovnat", "Simon, Michelle", "Vadhera, Rakesh"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496429", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has created serious challenges to anesthesiologists. As hospitalized patients' respiratory function deteriorates, many will require endotracheal intubation. Airway management of infected patients risks aerosolization of viral-loaded droplets that pose serious hazards to the anesthesiologist and all health care personnel present. The addition of an enclosure barrier during airway management minimizes the hazard by entrapping the droplets and possibly the aerosols within an enclosed space adding additional protection for health care workers. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of different barrier enclosure techniques during tracheal intubation and extubation."}, {"pmid": 32505779, "title": "Could antiphospholipid antibodies contribute to coagulopathy in COVID-19?", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Parodi, Aurora", "Gasparini, Giulia", "Cozzani, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505779", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425361, "pmcid": "PMC7229744", "title": "Efficacy and Safety of Lianhuaqingwen Capsules, a repurposed Chinese Herb, in Patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Phytomedicine", "authors": ["Hu, Ke", "Guan, Wei-Jie", "Bi, Ying", "Zhang, Wei", "Li, Lanjuan", "Zhang, Boli", "Liu, Qingquan", "Song, Yuanlin", "Li, Xingwang", "Duan, Zhongping", "Zheng, Qingshan", "Yang, Zifeng", "Liang, Jingyi", "Han, Mingfeng", "Ruan, Lianguo", "Wu, Chaomin", "Zhang, Yunting", "Jia, Zhen-Hua", "Zhong, Nan-Shan"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425361", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has resulted in a global outbreak. Few existing targeted medications are available. Lianhuaqingwen (LH) capsule, a repurposed marketed Chinese herb product, has been proven effective for influenza. To determine the safety and efficacy of LH capsule in patients with Covid-19. We did a prospective multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial on LH capsule in confirmed cases with Covid-19. Patients were randomized to receive usual treatment alone or in combination with LH capsules (4 capsules, thrice daily) for 14 days. The primary endpoint was the rate of symptom (fever, fatigue, coughing) recovery. We included 284 patients (142 each in treatment and control group) in the full-analysis set. The recovery rate was significantly higher in treatment group as compared with control group (91.5% vs. 82.4%, P=0.022). The median time to symptom recovery was markedly shorter in treatment group (median: 7 vs. 10 days, P<0.001). Time to recovery of fever (2 vs. 3 days), fatigue (3 vs. 6 days) and coughing (7 vs. 10 days) was also significantly shorter in treatment group (all P<0.001). The rate of improvement in chest computed tomographic manifestations (83.8% vs. 64.1%, P<0.001) and clinical cure (78.9% vs. 66.2%, P=0.017) was also higher in treatment group. However, both groups did not differ in the rate of conversion to severe cases or viral assay findings (both P>0.05). No serious adverse events were reported. In light of the safety and effectiveness profiles, LH capsules could be considered to ameliorate clinical symptoms of Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32295762, "pmcid": "PMC7207197", "title": "Chest CT imaging of an early Canadian case of COVID-19 in a 28-year-old man.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Singh, Navneet", "Fratesi, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295762", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259419, "title": "Calculated decisions: COVID-19 calculators during extreme resource-limited situations.", "journal": "Emerg Med Pract", "authors": ["Steinberg, Eric", "Balakrishna, Aditi", "Habboushe, Joseph", "Shawl, Arsalan", "Lee, Jarone"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259419", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the near future, clinicians may face scenarios in which there are not have enough resources (ventilators, ECMO machines, etc) available for the number of critically sick COVID-19 patients. There may not be enough healthcare workers, as those who are positive for COVID-19 or those who have been exposed to the virus and need to be quarantined. During these worst-case scenarios, new crisis standards of care and thresholds for intensive care unit (ICU) admissions will be needed. Clinical decision scores may support the clinician's decision-making, especially if properly adapted for this unique pandemic and for the patient being treated. This review discusses the use of clinical prediction scores for pneumonia severity at 3 main decision points to examine which scores may provide value in this unique situation. Initial data from a cohort of over 44,000 COVID-19 patients in China, including risk factors for mortality, were compared with data from cohorts used to study the clinical scores, in order to estimate the potential appropriateness of each score and determine how to best adjust results at the bedside."}, {"pmid": 32410763, "pmcid": "PMC7221401", "title": "Acute olfactory loss is specific for Covid-19 at the Emergency Department.", "journal": "Ann Emerg Med", "authors": ["Kai Chua, Andy Jian", "Yun Chan, Eunice Chee", "Loh, Jiashen", "Charn, Tze Choong"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410763", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374874, "pmcid": "PMC7239095", "title": "COVID-19: an unexpected indication for anti-rheumatic therapies?", "journal": "Rheumatology (Oxford)", "authors": ["Lucchino, Bruno", "Di Franco, Manuela", "Conti, Fabrizio"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374874", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463467, "pmcid": "PMC7256664", "title": "Mental Health Outcomes Among Frontline and Second-Line Health Care Workers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Italy.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Rossi, Rodolfo", "Socci, Valentina", "Pacitti, Francesca", "Di Lorenzo, Giorgio", "Di Marco, Antinisca", "Siracusano, Alberto", "Rossi, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463467", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295661, "pmcid": "PMC7188689", "title": "Investigating the Determinants of High Case-Fatality Rate for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Italy.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Barone-Adesi, Francesco", "Ragazzoni, Luca", "Schmid, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295661", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Case-Fatality Rate (CFR) for COVID-19 in Italy is apparently much higher than in other countries. Using data from Italy and other countries we evaluated the role of different determinants of this phenomenon. We found that the Italian testing strategy could explain an important part of the observed difference in CFR. In particular, the majority of patients that are currently tested in Italy have severe clinical symptoms that usually require hospitalization and this translates to a large CFR. We are confident that, once modifications in the testing strategy leading to higher population coverage are consistently adopted in Italy, CFR will realign with the values reported worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32428212, "title": "Pain Medicine Goes Digital: A Lamentation on COVID-19, the Printing Press, and the 21st Century.", "journal": "Pain Med", "authors": ["Gallagher, Rollin M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295793, "title": "To monitor the COVID-19 pandemic we need better quality primary care data.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["de Lusignan, Simon", "Williams, John"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295793", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303589, "pmcid": "PMC7167600", "title": "Coping with COVID: How a Research Team Learned To Stay Engaged in This Time of Physical Distancing.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Sutherland, Danica M", "Taylor, Gwen M", "Dermody, Terence S"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303589", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Physical distancing imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic has led to alterations in routines and new responsibilities for much of the research community. We provide some tips for how research teams can cope with physical distancing, some of which require a change in how we define productivity. Importantly, we need to maintain and strengthen social connections in this time when we can't be physically together."}, {"pmid": 32269766, "pmcid": "PMC7111504.2", "title": "In silico identification of vaccine targets for 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "F1000Res", "authors": ["Lee, Chloe H", "Koohy, Hashem"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269766", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: The newly identified coronavirus known as 2019-nCoV has posed a serious global health threat. According to the latest report (18-February-2020), it has infected more than 72,000 people globally and led to deaths of more than 1,016 people in China. Methods: The 2019 novel coronavirus proteome was aligned to a curated database of viral immunogenic peptides. The immunogenicity of detected peptides and their binding potential to HLA alleles was predicted by immunogenicity predictive models and NetMHCpan 4.0. Results: We report in silico identification of a comprehensive list of immunogenic peptides that can be used as potential targets for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) vaccine development. First, we found 28 nCoV peptides identical to Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS CoV) that have previously been characterized immunogenic by T cell assays. Second, we identified 48 nCoV peptides having a high degree of similarity with immunogenic peptides deposited in The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB). Lastly, we conducted a de novo search of 2019-nCoV 9-mer peptides that i) bind to common HLA alleles in Chinese and European population and ii) have T Cell Receptor (TCR) recognition potential by positional weight matrices and a recently developed immunogenicity algorithm, iPred, and identified in total 63 peptides with a high immunogenicity potential. Conclusions: Given the limited time and resources to develop vaccine and treatments for 2019-nCoV, our work provides a shortlist of candidates for experimental validation and thus can accelerate development pipeline."}, {"pmid": 32305079, "pmcid": "PMC7162620", "title": "Kidney transplant programmes during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Martino, Francesca", "Plebani, Mario", "Ronco, Claudio"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305079", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409956, "pmcid": "PMC7221330", "title": "Possible application of H2S-producing compounds in therapy of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection and pneumonia.", "journal": "Cell Stress Chaperones", "authors": ["Evgen'ev, Mikhail B", "Frenkel, Anton"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409956", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391997, "title": "[The first 100 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Murk, Jean-Luc", "van de Biggelaar, Rik", "Stohr, Joep", "Verweij, Jaco", "Buiting, Anton", "Wittens, Sabine", "van Hooft, Martijn", "Diederen, Bram", "Kluiters-de Hingh, Yvette", "Ranschaer, Erik", "Brouwer, Annemarie", "Retera, Jeroen", "Verheijen, Margot", "Ramnarain, Dharmanand", "van Ek, Ivo", "van Oers, Jos"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391997", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here we describe the characteristics of the first 100 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital (Tilburg, The Netherlands). The median age was 72 years, 67% was male, approximately 80% had co-morbidity, approximately 50% of which consisted of hypertension, cardiac and or pulmonary conditions and 25% diabetes. At admission 61% of patients had fever and about 50% presented at day 6 or more after onset of symptoms. At the time of writing 38 patients were discharged, 19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 20 patients had died. The median age of ICU patients was 67 years and 63% had co-morbidity. The median time to discharge or to death was 6 and 5.5 days, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32391169, "pmcid": "PMC7202902", "title": "Is the use of RAS inhibitors safe in the current era of COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Clin Hypertens", "authors": ["Park, Sungha", "Lee, Hae Young", "Cho, Eun Joo", "Sung, Ki Chul", "Kim, Juhan", "Kim, Dae-Hee", "Ihm, Sang-Hyun", "Kim, Kwang-Il", "Sohn, Il-Suk", "Chung, Wook-Jin", "Kim, Hyeon Chang", "Ryu, Sung Kee", "Pyun, Wook Bum", "Shin, Jinho"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391169", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Antihypertensive drugs are one of the most widely used pharmacologic agent in the world and it is predominantly used in the elderly subjects. Pneumonia is the most common cause of death in the extremely old subject. During infection and its complication such as sepsis, hypotension could be exacerbated by antihypertensive drugs because homeostasis mechanisms such as sodium balance, renin angiotensin aldosterone system and/or sympathetic nervous system can be mitigated by antihypertensive drug therapy. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-1 and 2 viral surface protein is known to attach angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the cell membrane to facilitate viral entry into the cytoplasm. Despite the theoretical concerns of increased ACE2 expression by Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAS) blockade, there is no evidence that RAS inhibitors are harmful during COVID-19 infection and have in fact been shown to be beneficial in animal studies. Therefore, it is recommended to maintain RAS blockade during the current corona virus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32419077, "pmcid": "PMC7231527", "title": "Spontaneous Bleedings in COVID-19 Patients: An Emerging Complication.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Bargellini, Irene", "Cervelli, Rosa", "Lunardi, Alessandro", "Scandiffio, Rossella", "Daviddi, Francesco", "Giorgi, Luigi", "Cicorelli, Antonio", "Crocetti, Laura", "Cioni, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419077", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32143519, "pmcid": "PMC7084718", "title": "Prediction of Epidemic Spread of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Driven by Spring Festival Transportation in China: A Population-Based Study.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Fan, Changyu", "Liu, Linping", "Guo, Wei", "Yang, Anuo", "Ye, Chenchen", "Jilili, Maitixirepu", "Ren, Meina", "Xu, Peng", "Long, Hexing", "Wang, Yufan"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32143519", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, we estimated the distribution and scale of more than 5 million migrants residing in Wuhan after they returned to their hometown communities in Hubei Province or other provinces at the end of 2019 by using the data from the 2013-2018 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS). We found that the distribution of Wuhan's migrants is centred in Hubei Province (approximately 75%) at a provincial level, gradually decreasing in the surrounding provinces in layers, with obvious spatial characteristics of circle layers and echelons. The scale of Wuhan's migrants, whose origins in Hubei Province give rise to a gradient reduction from east to west within the province, and account for 66% of Wuhan's total migrants, are from the surrounding prefectural-level cities of Wuhan. The distribution comprises 94 districts and counties in Hubei Province, and the cumulative percentage of the top 30 districts and counties exceeds 80%. Wuhan's migrants have a large proportion of middle-aged and high-risk individuals. Their social characteristics include nuclear family migration (84%), migration with families of 3-4 members (71%), a rural household registration (85%), and working or doing business (84%) as the main reason for migration. Using a quasi-experimental analysis framework, we found that the size of Wuhan's migrants was highly correlated with the daily number of confirmed cases. Furthermore, we compared the epidemic situation in different regions and found that the number of confirmed cases in some provinces and cities in Hubei Province may be underestimated, while the epidemic situation in some regions has increased rapidly. The results are conducive to monitoring the epidemic prevention and control in various regions."}, {"pmid": 32495337, "title": "[Nursing Experience of Caring for a Patient With COVID-19 During Isolation].", "journal": "Hu Li Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hsu, Tsang-Ching", "Wu, Chia-Chien", "Lai, Pei-Yu", "Syue, Ling-Shan", "Lai, Yi-Yin", "Ko, Nai-Ying"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495337", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) epidemic continues to have a global impact. This article describes the author's experience providing nursing care to a female patient who was diagnosed with COVID-19 after returning to Taiwan from overseas. During the patient's period of isolation (February 5th to February 29th, 2020), the author used Roy's adaptation model to perform first-level holistic physical, psychological, and social nursing assessments and collected health-problem information using face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, and observations via a remote monitoring system. A second level of assessment confirmed that the problems faced by the patient included (1) existing infections related to COVID-19 and (2) anxiety related to uncertainties about disease prognosis, forgiveness from the family, and potential violations of personal privacy by the media. Due to the special nature of the isolation ward, the author used a remote physiological monitoring system to monitor the vital signs, fever, and shortness of breath status of the patient to quickly decrease her physical discomfort and to improve her self-care ability during hospitalization. Environmental cleanliness was strictly maintained to reduce the risk of cross-infection and ensure patient safety. To alleviate patient anxiety, the author established a good therapeutic interpersonal relationship with the patient by making 10-60 minutes of caring calls to her each day, by providing individual care measures, and by using the Internet to play audio and video to teach mindfulness meditation. Caring for COVID-19 cases is a completely new experience. The author hopes that this experience may be used as a reference for caregivers."}, {"pmid": 32335340, "pmcid": "PMC7195510", "title": "Potential fecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Current evidence and implications for public health.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Amirian, E Susan"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335340", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Hubei Province, China in December 2019 and has since become a global pandemic, with hundreds of thousands of cases and over 165 countries affected. Primary routes of transmission of the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are through respiratory droplets and close person-to-person contact. While information about other potential modes of transmission are relatively sparse, evidence supporting the possibility of a fecally mediated mode of transmission has been accumulating. Here, current knowledge on the potential for fecal transmission is briefly reviewed and the possible implications are discussed from a public health perspective."}, {"pmid": 32526193, "title": "Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Carsana, Luca", "Sonzogni, Aurelio", "Nasr, Ahmed", "Rossi, Roberta Simona", "Pellegrinelli, Alessandro", "Zerbi, Pietro", "Rech, Roberto", "Colombo, Riccardo", "Antinori, Spinello", "Corbellino, Mario", "Galli, Massimo", "Catena, Emanuele", "Tosoni, Antonella", "Gianatti, Andrea", "Nebuloni, Manuela"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526193", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is characterised by respiratory symptoms, which deteriorate into respiratory failure in a substantial proportion of cases, requiring intensive care in up to a third of patients admitted to hospital. Analysis of the pathological features in the lung tissues of patients who have died with COVID-19 could help us to understand the disease pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. We systematically analysed lung tissue samples from 38 patients who died from COVID-19 in two hospitals in northern Italy between Feb 29 and March 24, 2020. The most representative areas identified at macroscopic examination were selected, and tissue blocks (median seven, range five to nine) were taken from each lung and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for at least 48 h. Tissues were assessed with use of haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining for inflammatory infiltrate and cellular components (including staining with antibodies against CD68, CD3, CD45, CD61, TTF1, p40, and Ki-67), and electron microscopy to identify virion localisation. All cases showed features of the exudative and proliferative phases of diffuse alveolar damage, which included capillary congestion (in all cases), necrosis of pneumocytes (in all cases), hyaline membranes (in 33 cases), interstitial and intra-alveolar oedema (in 37 cases), type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia (in all cases), squamous metaplasia with atypia (in 21 cases), and platelet-fibrin thrombi (in 33 cases). The inflammatory infiltrate, observed in all cases, was largely composed of macrophages in the alveolar lumina (in 24 cases) and lymphocytes in the interstitium (in 31 cases). Electron microscopy revealed that viral particles were predominantly located in the pneumocytes. The predominant pattern of lung lesions in patients with COVID-19 patients is diffuse alveolar damage, as described in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses. Hyaline membrane formation and pneumocyte atypical hyperplasia are frequent. Importantly, the presence of platelet-fibrin thrombi in small arterial vessels is consistent with coagulopathy, which appears to be common in patients with COVID-19 and should be one of the main targets of therapy. None."}, {"pmid": 32430617, "pmcid": "PMC7235439", "title": "A comprehensive review on drug repositioning against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19).", "journal": "Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol", "authors": ["Rameshrad, Maryam", "Ghafoori, Majid", "Mohammadpour, Amir Hooshang", "Nayeri, Mohammad Javad Dehghan", "Hosseinzadeh, Hossein"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430617", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is the reason for this ongoing pandemic infection diseases termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has emerged since early December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. In this century, it is the worst threat to international health and the economy. After 4 months of COVID-19 outbreak, there is no certain and approved medicine against it. In this public health emergency, it makes sense to investigate the possible effects of old drugs and find drug repositioning that is efficient, economical, and riskless\u00a0process. Old drugs that may be effective are from different pharmacological categories, antimalarials, anthelmintics, anti-protozoal, anti-HIVs, anti-influenza, anti-hepacivirus, antineoplastics, neutralizing antibodies, immunoglobulins, and interferons. In vitro, in vivo, or preliminary trials of these drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 have been encouraging, leading to new research projects and trials to find the best drug/s. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms of these drugs against COVID-19. Also, it should be mentioned that in this manuscript, we discuss preliminary rationales; however, clinical trial evidence is needed to prove them. COVID-19 therapy must be based on expert clinical experience and published literature and guidelines from major health organizations. Moreover, herein, we describe current evidence that may be changed in the future."}, {"pmid": 32379028, "title": "What I Learned From SARS in 2003 That Will Help Me Cope With COVID-19 in 2020.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Detsky, Allan S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379028", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432344, "title": "Should we continue using laparoscopy amid the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Emile, S H"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432344", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439752, "title": "After COVID-19, business as usual: is this the right goal?", "journal": "Inj Prev", "authors": ["McClure, Roderick J"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439752", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333218, "pmcid": "PMC7180677", "title": "Reply to the Letter to the Editor: Protection of computed tomography suites from SARS-CoV-2 infection in a tertiary emergency hospital.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Utsunomiya, Daisuke", "Yamashiro, Tsuneo"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333218", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198146, "title": "Covid-19: control measures must be equitable and inclusive.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Berger, Zackary D", "Evans, Nicholas G", "Phelan, Alexandra L", "Silverman, Ross D"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381282, "pmcid": "PMC7194847", "title": "Intensive Medicine and Nursing Home Care in Times of SARS CoV-2: A Norwegian Perspective.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Husebo, Bettina S", "Berge, Line I"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381282", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524689, "title": "Overlapping findings or oral manifestations in new SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Ponce, Jose Burgos", "Tjioe, Kellen Cristine"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524689", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have read the short communication \"Oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection\" (Martin Carreras-Presas, Amaro Sanchez, Lopez-Sanchez, Jane-Salas, & Somacarrera Perez, 2020) by Dr. Mart\u00edn Carreras-Presas et al. with great interest. We congratulate the team for contributing to the knowledge about this devastating infection in such challenging times. However, we raise some concerns that must be addressed."}, {"pmid": 32352309, "title": "Infection Control for CT Equipment and Radiographers' Personal Protection During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak in China.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Qu, Jieming", "Yang, Wenjie", "Yang, Yanzhao", "Qin, Le", "Yan, Fuhua"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352309", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. Because CT plays an important role in diagnosis, isolation, treatment, and effective evaluation of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), infection prevention and control management of CT examination rooms is important. CONCLUSION. We describe modifications to the CT examination process, strict disinfection of examination rooms, arrangement of waiting areas, and efforts to increase radiographers' awareness of personal protection made at our institution during the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, we discuss the potential of using artificial intelligence in imaging patients with contagious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32352560, "pmcid": "PMC7267433", "title": "Our challenge is to adapt the organization of our system to the six stages of the epidemic to go beyond the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Tuech, J J", "Gangloff, A", "Schwarz, L"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352560", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414765, "title": "Covid-19: Questions remain over UK government's PPE guidance.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Puntis, John"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414765", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451354, "title": "Treating Covid-19 at the Inflection Point.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Chatham, W Winn", "Cron, Randy Q"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451354", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We appreciate the interest by Moura and colleague in our editorial regarding the role of the rheumatologist during the Covid-19 pandemic (1). The letter by Drs. Carlos Antonio Moura and Ana Lu\u00edsa Cerqueira de Sant'Ana Costa emphasizes the need to understand mechanisms of disease underlying the more serious complications of Covid-19 infection as well as provide the best treatment possible to large numbers of seriously ill patients during a global pandemic (2)."}, {"pmid": 32302531, "pmcid": "PMC7194617", "title": "The Financial Impact of COVID-19 on Our Practice.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Ferneini, Elie M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302531", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398281, "title": "COVID-19 infection in a northern-Italian cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus assessed by telemedicine.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Bozzalla Cassione, Emanuele", "Zanframundo, Giovanni", "Biglia, Alessandro", "Codullo, Veronica", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio", "Cavagna, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398281", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32017153, "pmcid": "PMC7167026", "title": "Updates on Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus epidemic.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kofi Ayittey, Foster", "Dzuvor, Christian", "Kormla Ayittey, Matthew", "Bennita Chiwero, Nyasha", "Habib, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32017153", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491976, "title": "School Nurses on the Front Lines of Healthcare: Infectious Diseases Popularized in the News.", "journal": "NASN Sch Nurse", "authors": ["McNickle, Lauren", "Olympia, Robert P"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491976", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "School nurses may deal with students presenting with symptoms associated with infections popularized in the news. Although rare, the implications of missing or misdiagnosing these infections are potentially life-threatening and devastating. We present three students presenting with febrile illnesses associated with neurologic symptoms, a rash, and fatigue, focusing on the initial assessment and management of these students and their associated \"hot topic\" infection. The authors also discuss two public health organizations, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (https://www.cdc.gov/) and the World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/), online references for the school nurse to research both emerging and common infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32362799, "pmcid": "PMC7195106", "title": "Composite Monte Carlo decision making under high uncertainty of novel coronavirus epidemic using hybridized deep learning and fuzzy rule induction.", "journal": "Appl Soft Comput", "authors": ["Fong, Simon James", "Li, Gloria", "Dey, Nilanjan", "Crespo, Ruben Gonzalez", "Herrera-Viedma, Enrique"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362799", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the advent of the novel coronavirus epidemic since December 2019, governments and authorities have been struggling to make critical decisions under high uncertainty at their best efforts. In computer science, this represents a typical problem of machine learning over incomplete or limited data in early epidemic Composite Monte-Carlo (CMC) simulation is a forecasting method which extrapolates available data which are broken down from multiple correlated/casual micro-data sources into many possible future outcomes by drawing random samples from some probability distributions. For instance, the overall trend and propagation of the infested cases in China are influenced by the temporal-spatial data of the nearby cities around the Wuhan city (where the virus is originated from), in terms of the population density, travel mobility, medical resources such as hospital beds and the timeliness of quarantine control in each city etc. Hence a CMC is reliable only up to the closeness of the underlying statistical distribution of a CMC, that is supposed to represent the behaviour of the future events, and the correctness of the composite data relationships. In this paper, a case study of using CMC that is enhanced by deep learning network and fuzzy rule induction for gaining better stochastic insights about the epidemic development is experimented. Instead of applying simplistic and uniform assumptions for a MC which is a common practice, a deep learning-based CMC is used in conjunction of fuzzy rule induction techniques. As a result, decision makers are benefited from a better fitted MC outputs complemented by min-max rules that foretell about the extreme ranges of future possibilities with respect to the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32245157, "pmcid": "PMC7151105", "title": "Effective Risk Communication for Public Health Emergency: Reflection on the COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) Outbreak in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Healthcare (Basel)", "authors": ["Zhang, Liwei", "Li, Huijie", "Chen, Kelin"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245157", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Risk communication is critical to emergency management. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the effective process and attention points of risk communication reflecting on the COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) outbreak in Wuhan, China. We provide the timeline of risk communication progress in Wuhan and use a message-centered approach to identify problems that it entailed. It was found that the delayed decision making of the local government officials and the limited information disclosure should be mainly responsible for the ineffective risk communication. The principles for effective risk communication concerning Wuhan's outbreak management were also discussed. The whole communication process is suggested to integrate the accessibility and openness of risk information, the timing and frequency of communication, and the strategies dealing with uncertainties. Based on these principles and lessons from Wuhan's case, this paper employed a simplified Government-Expert-Public risk communication model to illustrate a collaborative network for effective risk communication."}, {"pmid": 32485198, "pmcid": "PMC7260482", "title": "Risk Perception of COVID-19 Among the Portuguese Healthcare Professionals and General Population.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Peres, David", "Monteiro, Jorge", "Almeida, Miguel", "Ladeira, Raquel"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485198", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Risk perception assessment of COVID-19 among Portuguese Healthcare Professionals (HCP) and General Population (GPop) was evaluated in a snowball 3 403 individual's sample. 54.9% of HCP believed there is a high probability of becoming infected, in contrast with 24.0% of GPop (p <0.001) and, in more than 1/4, that this could happen to their family. Regarding prophylactic isolation, more than 70% agreed with its effectiveness. A large proportion perceived that health services are poorly prepared (50.1% GPop versus 63.5% HCP, p<0.001). Regarding Health Authorities' communication, about 60% were \"moderately\" satisfied. 46.7% GPop and 52.8% HCP had the opinion the pandemic could be controlled in three to six months (p=0.01)."}, {"pmid": 32425272, "pmcid": "PMC7229908", "title": "Early manifestation of ARDS in COVID-19 infection in a 51- year-old man affected by Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Jafari, Ramezan", "Cegolon, Luca", "Dehghanpoor, Fatemeh", "Javanbakht, Mohammad", "Izadi, Morteza", "Saadat, Seyed Hassan", "Otoukesh, Babak", "Einollahi, Behzad"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425272", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the first patient of a 51-year-old man with fever, dyspnea and deterioration of his chronic coughs, who was referred to the Mounier-Kuhn syndrome (MKS). Chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed increased diameter of his trachea (39 mm), right (30 mm) and left (26 mm) main bronchi, because of MKS. Then, COIVD-19 infection was eventually confirmed by RT-PCR. To our knowledge, COIVD-19 has not been reported in patients with the MKS."}, {"pmid": 32427142, "pmcid": "PMC7227490", "title": "Dietary habits in adults during quarantine in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Obes Med", "authors": ["Abbas, Ahmed M", "Kamel, Mark Mohsen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427142", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022Quarantine leads to stress condition that can change in dietary habits.\u2022Better dietary habits are critical to enhance the body's immune system against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32425003, "pmcid": "PMC7238397", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 34 COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit in Hangzhou, China.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Zheng, Yi", "Sun, Li-Jun", "Xu, Mi", "Pan, Jian", "Zhang, Yun-Tao", "Fang, Xue-Ling", "Fang, Qiang", "Cai, Hong-Liu"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425003", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study summarizes and compares clinical and laboratory characteristics of 34 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for complications from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China from Jan. 22 to Mar. 5, 2020. A total of 34 patients were divided into two groups, including those who required noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) with additional extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in 11 patients. Clinical features of COVID-19 patients were described and the parameters of clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared. The rates of the acute cardiac and kidney complications were higher in IMV cases than those in NIV cases. Most patients had lymphocytopenia on admission, with lymphocyte levels dropping progressively on the following days, and the more severe lymphopenia developed in the IMV group. In both groups, T lymphocyte counts were below typical lower limit norms compared to B lymphocytes. On admission, both groups had higher than expected amounts of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), which over time declined more in NIV patients. The prothrombin time was increased and the levels of platelet, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and IL-6 were higher in IMV cases compared with NIV cases during hospitalization. Data showed that the rates of complications, dynamics of lymphocytopenia, and changes in levels of platelet, hemoglobin, BUN, D-dimer, LDH and IL-6, and prothrombin time in these ICU patients were significantly different between IMV and NIV cases."}, {"pmid": 32371528, "title": "Investigation on cognition of covid-19 and safety during the pandemic among hospital pharmacy staff.", "journal": "Eur J Hosp Pharm", "authors": ["He, Yan", "Li, Wei", "Liu, Dong"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371528", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31996437, "pmcid": "PMC7081895", "title": "Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Wan, Yushun", "Shang, Jian", "Graham, Rachel", "Baric, Ralph S", "Li, Fang"], "date": "2020-01-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31996437", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has emerged from Wuhan, China, causing symptoms in humans similar to those caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Since the SARS-CoV outbreak in 2002, extensive structural analyses have revealed key atomic-level interactions between the SARS-CoV spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which regulate both the cross-species and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV. Here, we analyzed the potential receptor usage by 2019-nCoV, based on the rich knowledge about SARS-CoV and the newly released sequence of 2019-nCoV. First, the sequence of 2019-nCoV RBD, including its receptor-binding motif (RBM) that directly contacts ACE2, is similar to that of SARS-CoV, strongly suggesting that 2019-nCoV uses ACE2 as its receptor. Second, several critical residues in 2019-nCoV RBM (particularly Gln493) provide favorable interactions with human ACE2, consistent with 2019-nCoV's capacity for human cell infection. Third, several other critical residues in 2019-nCoV RBM (particularly Asn501) are compatible with, but not ideal for, binding human ACE2, suggesting that 2019-nCoV has acquired some capacity for human-to-human transmission. Last, while phylogenetic analysis indicates a bat origin of 2019-nCoV, 2019-nCoV also potentially recognizes ACE2 from a diversity of animal species (except mice and rats), implicating these animal species as possible intermediate hosts or animal models for 2019-nCoV infections. These analyses provide insights into the receptor usage, cell entry, host cell infectivity and animal origin of 2019-nCoV and may help epidemic surveillance and preventive measures against 2019-nCoV.IMPORTANCE The recent emergence of Wuhan coronavirus (2019-nCoV) puts the world on alert. 2019-nCoV is reminiscent of the SARS-CoV outbreak in 2002 to 2003. Our decade-long structural studies on the receptor recognition by SARS-CoV have identified key interactions between SARS-CoV spike protein and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which regulate both the cross-species and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV. One of the goals of SARS-CoV research was to build an atomic-level iterative framework of virus-receptor interactions to facilitate epidemic surveillance, predict species-specific receptor usage, and identify potential animal hosts and animal models of viruses. Based on the sequence of 2019-nCoV spike protein, we apply this predictive framework to provide novel insights into the receptor usage and likely host range of 2019-nCoV. This study provides a robust test of this reiterative framework, providing the basic, translational, and public health research communities with predictive insights that may help study and battle this novel 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32441299, "title": "Glecaprevir and Maraviroc are high-affinity inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: possible implication in COVID-19 therapy.", "journal": "Biosci Rep", "authors": ["Shamsi, Anas", "Mohammad, Taj", "Anwar, Saleha", "AlAjmi, Mohamed F", "Hussain, Afzal", "Rehman, Md Tabish", "Islam, Asimul", "Hassan, Md Imtaiyaz"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441299", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the lack of efficient therapeutic options and clinical trial limitations, the FDA-approved drugs can be a good choice to handle Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Many reports have enough evidence for the use of FDA-approved drugs which have inhibitory potential against target proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we utilized a structure-based drug design approach to find possible drug candidates from the existing pool of FDA-approved drugs and checked their effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-2. We performed virtual screening of the FDA-approved drugs against the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, an essential enzyme, and a potential drug target. Using well-defined computational methods, we identified Glecaprevir and Maraviroc (MVC) as the best inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Both drugs bind to the substrate-binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and form a significant number of non-covalent interactions. Glecaprevir and MVC bind to the conserved residues of substrate-binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. This work provides sufficient evidence for the use of Glecaprevir and MVC for the therapeutic management of COVID-19 after experimental validation and clinical manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32243672, "title": "SARS Cov-2 infection in a renal-transplanted patient: A case report.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Seminari, Elena", "Colaneri, Marta", "Sambo, Margherita", "Gallazzi, Ilaria", "Di Matteo, Angela", "Roda, Silvia", "Bruno, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243672", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical manifestation of COVID-19 can vary from an asymptomatic course to ARDS requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. A kidney transplanted patient infected with SARS CoV-2 infection showed a mild disease despite immune suppression. It is possible that Immunosuppression can \"be protective\" as the cytokine storm is an important factor in the disease story. Despite the good outcome reported in the present case report, is remains of vital importance the solid organ transplant patients use precautions in order to avoid the infection."}, {"pmid": 32408337, "title": "Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Sit, Thomas H C", "Brackman, Christopher J", "Ip, Sin Ming", "Tam, Karina W S", "Law, Pierra Y T", "To, Esther M W", "Yu, Veronica Y T", "Sims, Leslie D", "Tsang, Dominic N C", "Chu, Daniel K W", "Perera, Ranawaka A P M", "Poon, Leo L M", "Peiris, Malik"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408337", "countries": ["China", "Germany"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan in December 2019 and caused the pandemic respiratory disease,\u00a0COVID-191,2. In 2003, the closely related SARS-CoV had been detected in domestic cats and a dog3. However, little is known about the susceptibility of domestic pet mammals to SARS-CoV-2. Two out of fifteen dogs from households with confirmed human cases of COVID-19 in Hong Kong SAR were found to be infected using quantitative RT-PCR, serology, sequencing the viral genome, and in one dog, virus isolation. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in a 17-year-old neutered male Pomeranian from five nasal swabs collected over a 13-day period. A 2.5-year-old male German Shepherd dog had SARS CoV-2 RNA on two occasions and virus was isolated from nasal and oral swabs. Both dogs had antibody responses detected using plaque reduction neutralization assays. Viral genetic sequences of viruses from the two dogs were identical to the virus detected in the respective human cases. The animals remained asymptomatic during quarantine. The evidence suggests that these are instances of human-to-animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. It is unclear whether infected dogs can transmit the virus to other animals or back to humans."}, {"pmid": 32392125, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Transmission from Presymptomatic Meeting Attendee, Germany.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hijnen, DirkJan", "Marzano, Angelo Valerio", "Eyerich, Kilian", "GeurtsvanKessel, Corine", "Gimenez-Arnau, Ana Maria", "Joly, Pascal", "Vestergaard, Christian", "Sticherling, Michael", "Schmidt, Enno"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392125", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During a meeting in Munich, Germany, a presymptomatic attendee with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infected at least 11 of 13 other participants. Although 5 participants had no or mild symptoms, 6 had typical coronavirus disease, without dyspnea. Our findings suggest hand shaking and face-to-face contact as possible modes of transmission."}, {"pmid": 32414379, "pmcid": "PMC7227172", "title": "COVID-19 in Africa: care and protection for frontline healthcare workers.", "journal": "Global Health", "authors": ["Chersich, Matthew F", "Gray, Glenda", "Fairlie, Lee", "Eichbaum, Quentin", "Mayhew, Susannah", "Allwood, Brian", "English, Rene", "Scorgie, Fiona", "Luchters, Stanley", "Simpson, Greg", "Haghighi, Marjan Mosalman", "Pham, Minh Duc", "Rees, Helen"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414379", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical staff caring for COVID-19 patients face mental stress, physical exhaustion, separation from families, stigma, and the pain of losing patients and colleagues. Many of them have acquired SARS-CoV-2 and some have died. In Africa, where the pandemic is escalating, there are major gaps in response capacity, especially in human resources and protective equipment. We examine these challenges and propose interventions to protect healthcare workers on the continent, drawing on articles identified on Medline (Pubmed) in a search on 24 March 2020. Global jostling means that supplies of personal protective equipment are limited in Africa. Even low-cost interventions such as facemasks for patients with a cough and water supplies for handwashing may be challenging, as is 'physical distancing' in overcrowded primary health care clinics. Without adequate protection, COVID-19 mortality may be high among healthcare workers and their family in Africa given limited critical care beds and difficulties in transporting ill healthcare workers from rural to urban care centres. Much can be done to protect healthcare workers, however. The continent has learnt invaluable lessons from Ebola and HIV control. HIV counselors and community healthcare workers are key resources, and could promote social distancing and related interventions, dispel myths, support healthcare workers, perform symptom screening and trace contacts. Staff motivation and retention may be enhanced through carefully managed risk 'allowances' or compensation. International support with personnel and protective equipment, especially from China, could turn the pandemic's trajectory in Africa around. Telemedicine holds promise as it rationalises human resources and reduces patient contact and thus infection risks. Importantly, healthcare workers, using their authoritative voice, can promote effective COVID-19 policies and prioritization of their safety. Prioritizing healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 testing, hospital beds and targeted research, as well as ensuring that public figures and the population acknowledge the commitment of healthcare workers may help to maintain morale. Clearly there are multiple ways that international support and national commitment could help safeguard healthcare workers in Africa, essential for limiting the pandemic's potentially devastating heath, socio-economic and security impacts on the continent."}, {"pmid": 32460534, "title": "C3 and ACE1 polymorphisms are more important confounders in the spread and outcome of COVID-19 in comparison with ABO polymorphism.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Delanghe, Joris R", "De Buyzere, Marc L", "Speeckaert, Marijn M"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460534", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335008, "pmcid": "PMC7135365", "title": "Urgent digestive surgery, a collateral victim of the COVID-19 crisis?", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Slim, K", "Veziant, J"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335008", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247882, "pmcid": "PMC7129473", "title": "Understanding the \"Scope\" of the Problem: Why Laparoscopy Is Considered Safe during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Morris, Stephanie N", "Fader, Amanda Nickles", "Milad, Magdy P", "Dionisi, Humberto J"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433302, "pmcid": "PMC7268821", "title": "To a New Normal: Surgery and COVID-19 during the Transition Phase.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Cobianchi, Lorenzo", "Pugliese, Luigi", "Peloso, Andrea", "Dal Mas, Francesca", "Angelos, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433302", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387323, "pmcid": "PMC7204719", "title": "Intensive care unit admissions for pregnant and nonpregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Blitz, Matthew J", "Grunebaum, Amos", "Tekbali, Asma", "Bornstein, Eran", "Rochelson, Burton", "Nimaroff, Michael", "Chervenak, Frank A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387323", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476551, "title": "Challenges in COVID-19: is pulmonary thromboembolism related to overall severity?", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Bellieni, Andrea", "Intini, Enrica", "Taddei, Eleonora", "Baldi, Fabiana", "Larosa, Luigi", "Murri, Rita", "Richeldi, Luca", "Bernabei, Roberto", "Cauda, Roberto", "Landi, Francesco", "Corbo, Giuseppe Maria", "Fantoni, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476551", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198989, "title": "Protection of forensic scene investigation and postmortem examination during the epidemic period of COVID-19.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Pang, H B", "Xu, L M", "Niu, Y"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198989", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378843, "title": "Acute respiratory distress syndrome in a patient with COVID-19 and negative nasopharyngeal swabs.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Hauge, Marit Teigen", "Nilsen, Einar", "Nordseth, Trond"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378843", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530428, "pmcid": "PMC7190290", "title": "Progressive respiratory failure in COVID-19: a hypothesis.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Endeman, Henrik", "van der Zee, Philip", "van Genderen, Michel E", "van den Akker, Johannes P C", "Gommers, Diederik"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530428", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392531, "pmcid": "PMC7145367", "title": "How long will social distancing take to work? Experts weigh in on Canada's COVID-19 response.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Vogel, Lauren"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392531", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360856, "pmcid": "PMC7252077", "title": "Can hydroxychloroquine be useful in the prevention of COVID-19? An Italian survey in dermatological and rheumatological patients already under treatment.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Vastarella, Maria", "Patri, Angela", "Annunziata, Maria Carmela", "Cantelli, Mariateresa", "Nappa, Paola", "Tasso, Marco", "Costa, Luisa", "Caso, Francesco", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360856", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269357, "title": "COVID-19 in humanitarian settings and lessons learned from past epidemics.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Lau, Ling San", "Samari, Goleen", "Moresky, Rachel T", "Casey, Sara E", "Kachur, S Patrick", "Roberts, Leslie F", "Zard, Monette"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269357", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410810, "pmcid": "PMC7221366", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Rapid Implementation of Adolescent and Young Adult Telemedicine: Challenges and Opportunities for Innovation.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Barney, Angela", "Buckelew, Sara", "Mesheriakova, Veronika", "Raymond-Flesch, Marissa"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376695, "title": "Where have all the children gone? Decreases in paediatric emergency department attendances at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Isba, Rachel", "Edge, Rhiannon", "Jenner, Rachel", "Broughton, Emily", "Francis, Natalie", "Butler, Jim"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376695", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428901, "title": "Convalescent COVID-19 Patients on Hemodialysis: When Should We End Isolation?", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Murt, Ahmet", "Altiparmak, Mehmet Riza"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428901", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268195, "pmcid": "PMC7130124", "title": "Epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus in Jiangsu Province, China after wartime control measures: A population-level retrospective study.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Ke-Wei", "Gao, Jie", "Wang, Hua", "Wu, Xiao-Long", "Yuan, Qin-Fang", "Guo, Fei-Yu", "Zhang, Zhi-Jie", "Cheng, Yang"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268195", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus emerged in China in December 2019, and human-to-human transmission was previously identified. This study aimed to compare the epidemiological characteristics in Jiangsu Province and assess whether so-called wartime control measures changed the trend of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the province. Epidemiological data were obtained from the websites of China's Bureau of Health and the People's Government of Jiangsu Province and informal online sources from January 22 to February 20, 2020. The cumulative number of patients in Jiangsu Province (over 79 million people) was 613. The number of daily confirmed new cases reached the inflection point on January 31 with the maximum of 39 cases. The temporal number of patients peaked from January 29 to February 9. The proportion of confirmed cases who were residents or travelers to Hubei Province was 100.0%-58.8% before January 31 and then gradually declined. The proportion of close contacts increased gradually from January 27 to February 17. The geographical distribution of COVID-2019 cases showed that all 13 cites reported confirmed new cases after only five days of the first confirmed new case in Suzhou. The cases were concentrated in Nanjing, Suzhou, and Xuzhou with a high population density (over eight million people). The epidemiological features of COVID-2019 cases in Wuxi, Jiangsu showed that seven confirmed cases were tourists from others areas beyond Hubei Province. The longest incubation period of COVID-2019 was 19 days based on the onset of laboratory-confirmed cases. The number of daily confirmed new cases in Jiangsu Province peaked around January 31 and then declined. This result emphasized that wartime control measures, such as putting cities on lockdown to limit population mobility in Jiangsu Province, resulted in dramatic reductions in COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32220344, "pmcid": "PMC7118537", "title": "COVID-19 in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Jin, Xiang-Hong", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Pan, Ke-Hua", "Xie, Yu-Peng", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220344", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449619, "title": "Preliminary Data Suggests That Biologics in Dermatology Are Not Associated With Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes.", "journal": "J Cutan Med Surg", "authors": ["Nassim, David", "Jfri, Abdulhadi", "Litvinov, Ivan V", "Netchiporouk, Elena"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449619", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32150748, "pmcid": "PMC7081172", "title": "The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Lauer, Stephen A", "Grantz, Kyra H", "Bi, Qifang", "Jones, Forrest K", "Zheng, Qulu", "Meredith, Hannah R", "Azman, Andrew S", "Reich, Nicholas G", "Lessler, Justin"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32150748", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel human coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in China in December 2019. There is limited support for many of its key epidemiologic features, including the incubation period for clinical disease (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]), which has important implications for surveillance and control activities. To estimate the length of the incubation period of COVID-19 and describe its public health implications. Pooled analysis of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported between 4 January 2020 and 24 February 2020. News reports and press releases from 50 provinces, regions, and countries outside Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Persons with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection outside Hubei province, China. Patient demographic characteristics and dates and times of possible exposure, symptom onset, fever onset, and hospitalization. There were 181 confirmed cases with identifiable exposure and symptom onset windows to estimate the incubation period of COVID-19. The median incubation period was estimated to be 5.1 days (95% CI, 4.5 to 5.8 days), and 97.5% of those who develop symptoms will do so within 11.5 days (CI, 8.2 to 15.6 days) of infection. These estimates imply that, under conservative assumptions, 101 out of every 10\u00a0000 cases (99th percentile, 482) will develop symptoms after 14 days of active monitoring or quarantine. Publicly reported cases may overrepresent severe cases, the incubation period for which may differ from that of mild cases. This work provides additional evidence for a median incubation period for COVID-19 of approximately 5 days, similar to SARS. Our results support current proposals for the length of quarantine or active monitoring of persons potentially exposed to SARS-CoV-2, although longer monitoring periods might be justified in extreme cases. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, and Alexander von Humboldt Foundation."}, {"pmid": 32517998, "title": "[Coronavirus: Predictive brain and terror management].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Bottemanne, H", "Morlaas, O", "Schmidt, L", "Fossati, P"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517998", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging infectious diseases like Covid-19 cause a major threat to global health. When confronted with new pathogens, individuals generate several beliefs about the epidemic phenomenon. Many studies have shown that individual protective behaviors largely depend on these beliefs. Due to the absence of treatment and vaccine against these emerging pathogens, the relation between these beliefs and these behaviors represents a crucial issue for public health policies. In the premises of the Covid-19 pandemic, several preliminary studies have highlighted a delay in the perception of risk by individuals, which potentially holds back the implementing of the necessary precautionary measures: people underestimated the risks associated with the virus, and therefore also the importance of complying with sanitary guidelines. During the peak of the pandemic, the salience of the threat and of the risk of mortality could then have transformed the way people generate their beliefs. This potentially leads to upheavals in the way they understand the world. Here, we propose to explore the evolution of beliefs and behaviors during the Covid-19 crisis, using the theory of predictive coding and the theory of terror management, two influential frameworks in cognitive science and in social psychology."}, {"pmid": 32292840, "pmcid": "PMC7118645", "title": "Novel Coronavirus International Public Health Emergency: Guidance on Radiation Oncology Facility Operation.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Chen, Wei", "Su, Xiao-Ye", "Wang, Victoria J", "Wang, Edina C", "Xu, Ruizhen", "Zhong, Shiyan", "Sun, Guoping", "Xia, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292840", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481322, "title": "Psychological intervention on COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Renjun, Gu", "Ziyun, Li", "Xiwu, Yan", "Wei, Wei", "Yihuang, Gu", "Chunbing, Zhang", "Zhiguang, Sun"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481322", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is novel coronavirus infection in 2019. Many reports suggested that psychological intervention is playing a positive role in COVID-19 treatment, but there is no high-quality evidence to prove its effects. This paper reports the protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify effectiveness of psychological intervention during the treatment of COVID-19. The following electronic databases will be used by 2 independent reviewers: Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Wan fang Database, ClinicalTrials, WHO Trials, and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. The randomised controlled trials of psychological intervention on COVID-19 will be searched in the databases by 2 researchers independently. Clinical recovery time and effective rate will be assessed as the primary outcomes. Changes of patients physical condition (1. Time until COVID-19 RT-PCR negative in upper respiratory tract specimen; 2. Time until cough reported as mild or absent; 3. Time until dyspnea reported as mild or absent; 4. Frequency of requiring supplemental oxygen or non-invasive ventilation; 5. Frequency of requiring respiratory; 6. Incidence of severe cases; 7. Proportion of re-hospitalization or admission to ICU; 8. All-cause mortality; 9. Frequency of seriously adverse events) and changes of psychological condition (such as: SRQ-20, PHQ-9, GAD-7, Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale) will be assessed as the secondary outcomes. For dichotomous outcomes, such as effective rate, data will be expressed as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For continuous outcomes, weighted mean differences (WMD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) will be calculated. Fixed effect model will be used for evaluating efficiency. Considering clinical heterogeneity, random effect model will be used for continuous outcomes. Relevant studies will be used to evaluate whether psychological intervention is effective for COVID-19. This study will provide reliable evidence for psychological intervention on COVID-19. CRD42020178699."}, {"pmid": 32434272, "title": "COVID-19Clinical trials: quality matters more than quantity.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Bonini, Sergio", "Maltese, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434272", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the ferment aroused in the scientific community by the COVID-19 outbreak and the over 11,000 papers listed in PubMed, published evidence on safe and effective drugs has not progressed yet at the same speed of the pandemic. However, clinical research is rapidly progressing, as shown by the hundreds of registered clinical trials on candidate drugs for COVID-19. Unfortunately, information on protocols of individual studies differs from registry to registry. Furthermore, study designs, criteria for stratification of patients and choice of outcomes are quite heterogeneous. All this makes data sharing and secondary analysis difficult.At last, small single centre studies and the use of drugs on a compassionate basis should be replaced by highly powered, multi-centre, multi-arm clinical trials, in orderto provide the required evidence of safety and efficacy of novel or repurposed candidate drugs. Hopefully, the efforts of clinical researchers in the fight against the SARS Cov-2 will result into the identification of effective treatments. To make this possible, clinical research should be oriented by guidelines for more harmonized high-quality studies and by a united commitment of the scientific community to share personal knowledge and data. Allergists and clinical immunologists should have a leading role in this unprecedent challenge."}, {"pmid": 32522074, "title": "Laboratory Biosafety Considerations of SARS-CoV-2 at Biosafety Level 2.", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Wang, Kaijin", "Zhu, Xuetong", "Xu, Jiancheng"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522074", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was first detected in Wuhan, China. Recent studies have updated the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 continuously. In China, diagnostic tests and laboratory tests of specimens from persons under investigation are usually performed in a biosafety level 2 environment. Laboratory staff may be at greater risk of exposure due to a higher concentration and invasiveness of emerging pathogens. Current infection prevention strategies are based on lessons learned from severe acute respiratory syndrome, expert judgments, and related regulations. This article summarizes biosafety prevention and control measures performed in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing activities and provides practical suggestions for laboratory staff to avoid laboratory-acquired infections in dealing with public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32504757, "title": "Protective role of ACE2 and its downregulation in SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to Macrophage Activation Syndrome: Therapeutic implications.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Banu, Nehla", "Panikar, Sandeep Surendra", "Leal, Lizbeth Riera", "Leal, Annie Riera"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504757", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the international scientific community has joined forces to develop effective treatment strategies. The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) 2, is an essential receptor for cell fusion and engulfs the SARS coronavirus infections. ACE2 plays an important physiological role, practically in all the organs and systems. Also, ACE2 exerts protective functions in various models of pathologies with acute and chronic inflammation. While ACE2 downregulation by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein leads to an overactivation of Angiotensin (Ang) II/AT1R axis and the deleterious effects of Ang II may explain the multiorgan dysfunction seen in patients. Specifically, the role of Ang II leading to the appearance of Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) and the cytokine storm in COVID-19 is discussed below. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress in the strategies of treatments that mainly focus on reducing the Ang II-induced deleterious effects rather than attenuating the virus replication."}, {"pmid": 32145217, "pmcid": "PMC7133677", "title": "Public health might be endangered by possible prolonged discharge of SARS-CoV-2 in stool.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["He, Yu", "Wang, Zhengli", "Li, Fang", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145217", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317225, "pmcid": "PMC7166031", "title": "A sporadic COVID-19 pneumonia treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in Tokyo, Japan: A case report.", "journal": "J Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Nakamura, Kazuha", "Hikone, Mayu", "Shimizu, Hiroshi", "Kuwahara, Yusuke", "Tanabe, Maki", "Kobayashi, Mioko", "Ishida, Takuto", "Sugiyama, Kazuhiro", "Washino, Takuya", "Sakamoto, Naoya", "Hamabe, Yuichi"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317225", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) has become a global threat. While clinical reports from China to date demonstrate that the majority of cases remain relatively mild and recover with supportive care, it is also crucial to be well prepared for severe cases warranting intensive care. Initiating appropriate infection control measures may not always be achievable in primary care or in acute-care settings. A 45-year-old man was admitted to the intensive care unit due to severe pneumonia, later confirmed as COVID-19. His initial evaluation in the resuscitation room and treatments in the intensive care unit was performed under droplet and contact precaution with additional airborne protection using the N95 respirator mask. He was successfully treated in the intensive care unit with mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory support; and antiretroviral treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir. His total intensive care unit stay was 15 days and was discharged on hospital day\u00a024. Strict infection control precautions are not always an easy task, especially under urgent care in an intensive care unit. However, severe cases of COVID-19 pneumonia, or another novel infectious disease, could present at any moment and would be a continuing challenge to pursue appropriate measures. We need to be well prepared to secure healthcare workers from exposure to infectious diseases and nosocomial spread, as well as to provide necessary intensive care."}, {"pmid": 32506942, "title": "Telemedicine for Diabetes After the COVID-19 Pandemic: We Can't Put the Toothpaste Back in the Tube or Turn Back the Clock.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Klonoff, David C"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398213, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis control in China.", "journal": "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis", "authors": ["Pang, Y", "Liu, Y", "Du, J", "Gao, J", "Li, L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398213", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406536, "pmcid": "PMC7273005", "title": "Osteoporosis Management in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Bone Miner Res", "authors": ["Yu, Elaine W", "Tsourdi, Elena", "Clarke, Bart L", "Bauer, Douglas C", "Drake, Matthew T"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406536", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Osteoporosis is a chronic condition that reflects reduced bone strength and an associated increased risk for fracture. As a chronic condition, osteoporosis generally requires sustained medical intervention(s) to limit the risks for additional bone loss, compromise of skeletal integrity, and fracture occurrence. Further complicating this issue is the fact that the abrupt cessation of some therapies can be associated with an increased risk for harm. It is in this context that the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented disruption to the provision of health care globally, including near universal requirements for social distancing. In this Perspective, we provide evidence, where available, regarding the general care of patients with osteoporosis in the COVID-19 era and provide clinical recommendations based primarily on expert opinion when data are absent. Particular emphasis is placed on the transition from parenteral osteoporosis therapies. It is hoped that these recommendations can be used to safely guide care for patients with osteoporosis until a return to routine clinical care standards is available. \u00a9 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research."}, {"pmid": 32192580, "pmcid": "PMC7269710", "title": "Investigation of three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore: implications for surveillance and response measures.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Pung, Rachael", "Chiew, Calvin J", "Young, Barnaby E", "Chin, Sarah", "Chen, Mark I-C", "Clapham, Hannah E", "Cook, Alex R", "Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian", "Toh, Matthias P H S", "Poh, Cuiqin", "Low, Mabel", "Lum, Joshua", "Koh, Valerie T J", "Mak, Tze M", "Cui, Lin", "Lin, Raymond V T P", "Heng, Derrick", "Leo, Yee-Sin", "Lye, David C", "Lee, Vernon J M"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192580", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Three clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) linked to a tour group from China, a company conference, and a church were identified in Singapore in February, 2020. We gathered epidemiological and clinical data from individuals with confirmed COVID-19, via interviews and inpatient medical records, and we did field investigations to assess interactions and possible modes of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Open source reports were obtained for overseas cases. We reported the median (IQR) incubation period of SARS-CoV-2. As of Feb 15, 2020, 36 cases of COVID-19 were linked epidemiologically to the first three clusters of circumscribed local transmission in Singapore. 425 close contacts were quarantined. Direct or prolonged close contact was reported among affected individuals, although indirect transmission (eg, via fomites and shared food) could not be excluded. The median incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 was 4 days (IQR 3-6). The serial interval between transmission pairs ranged between 3 days and 8 days. SARS-CoV-2 is transmissible in community settings, and local clusters of COVID-19 are expected in countries with high travel volume from China before the lockdown of Wuhan and institution of travel restrictions. Enhanced surveillance and contact tracing is essential to minimise the risk of widespread transmission in the community. None."}, {"pmid": 32500339, "pmcid": "PMC7270158", "title": "The craniotomy box: an innovative method of containing hazardous aerosols generated during skull saw use in autopsy on a COVID-19 body.", "journal": "Forensic Sci Med Pathol", "authors": ["Hasmi, Ahmad Hafizam", "Khoo, Lay See", "Koo, Zhao Peng", "Suriani, Muhammad Uzair Ahmad", "Hamdan, Ain Nurfarahana", "Yaro, Siti Wira Md", "Arshad, Salmah", "Siew, Sheue Feng", "Ibrahim, Mohamad Azaini", "Mahmood, Mohd Shah"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500339", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During a disease pandemic, there is still a requirement to perform postmortem examinations within the context of legal considerations. The management of the dead from COVID-19 should not impede the medicolegal investigation of the death where required by the authorities and legislation but additional health and safety precautions should be adopted for the necessary postmortem procedures. The authors have therefore used the craniotomy box in an innovative way to enable a safe alternative for skull and brain removal procedures on suspected or confirmed COVID-19 bodies. The craniotomy box technique was tested on a confirmed COVID-19 positive body where a full postmortem examination was performed by a team of highly trained personnel in a negative pressure Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) autopsy suite in the National Institute of Forensic Medicine (IPFN) Malaysia. This craniotomy box is a custom-made transparent plastic box with five walls but without a floor. Two circular holes were made in one wall for the placement of arms in order to perform the skull opening procedure. A swab to detect the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was taken from the interior surface of the craniotomy box after the procedure. The result from the test using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) proved that an additional barrier provided respiratory protection by containing the aerosols generated from the skull opening procedure. This innovation ensures procedures performed inside this craniotomy box are safe for postmortem personnel performing high risk autopsies during pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32350161, "title": "Analysis of coagulation parameters in patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Zou, Ying", "Guo, Hongying", "Zhang, Yuyi", "Zhang, Zhengguo", "Liu, Yu", "Wang, Jiefei", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Qian, Zhiping"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350161", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the characteristic of coagulation function in 303 patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we evaluated the correlation between coagulation function and disease status. We retrospectively analyzed 303 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and evaluated the clinical data of 240 patients who were discharged. The coagulation function of the two groups (mild and severe) was compared. Compared with the mild group, majority of patients in the severe group were male (76.9% vs. 49.8%) and elderly (median age 65 vs. 50), and the proportion with chronic underlying diseases was higher (73.1% vs. 36.1%). There were 209 abnormalities (69.0%) of coagulation parameters in 303 patients admitted to hospital. Comparison of various indexes of coagulation function between the two groups in admission, the proportion of abnormal coagulation indicators in the severe group was higher than that in the mild group (100% vs. 66.1%). The median coagulation parameters in the severe group were higher than those in the mild group: international normalized ratio (1.04 vs. 1.01), prothrombin time (13.8 vs. 13.4) seconds, activated partial thromboplastin time (43.2 vs. 39.2) seconds, fibrinogen (4.74 vs. 4.33) g/L, fibrinogen degradation products (2.61 vs. 0.99) \u00b5g/mL, and D-dimer (1.04 vs. 0.43) \u00b5g/mL, the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Coagulation dysfunction is common in patients with COVID-19, especially fibrinogen and D-dimer elevation, and the degree of elevation is related to the severity of the disease. As the disease recovers, fibrinogen and activated partial thromboplastin time also return to normal."}, {"pmid": 32282262, "title": "Treatment considerations for coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Hosp Pract (1995)", "authors": ["Reilly, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282262", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344708, "pmcid": "PMC7230237", "title": "A Novel Combination of Vitamin C, Curcumin and Glycyrrhizic Acid Potentially Regulates Immune and Inflammatory Response Associated with Coronavirus Infections: A Perspective from System Biology Analysis.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Chen, Liang", "Hu, Chun", "Hood, Molly", "Zhang, Xue", "Zhang, Lu", "Kan, Juntao", "Du, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344708", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronaviruses (CoV) have emerged periodically around the world in recent years. The recurrent spreading of CoVs imposes an ongoing threat to global health and the economy. Since no specific therapy for these CoVs is available, any beneficial approach (including nutritional and dietary approach) is worth investigation. Based on recent advances in nutrients and phytonutrients research, a novel combination of vitamin C, curcumin and glycyrrhizic acid (VCG Plus) was developed that has potential against CoV infection. System biology tools were applied to explore the potential of VCG Plus in modulating targets and pathways relevant to immune and inflammation responses. Gene target acquisition, gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were conducted consecutively along with network analysis. The results show that VCG Plus can act on 88 hub targets which are closely connected and associated with immune and inflammatory responses. Specifically, VCG Plus has the potential to regulate innate immune response by acting on NOD-like and Toll-like signaling pathways to promote interferons production, activate and balance T-cells, and regulate the inflammatory response by inhibiting PI3K/AKT, NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling pathways. All these biological processes and pathways have been well documented in CoV infections studies. Therefore, our findings suggest that VCG Plus may be helpful in regulating immune response to combat CoV infections and inhibit excessive inflammatory responses to prevent the onset of cytokine storm. However, further in vitro and in vivo experiments are warranted to validate the current findings with system biology tools. Our current approach provides a new strategy in predicting formulation rationale when developing new dietary supplements."}, {"pmid": 32473662, "pmcid": "PMC7255733", "title": "Implication of SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the sensitivity of RT-qPCR diagnostic assays.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Osorio, Nuno Sampaio", "Correia-Neves, Margarida"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473662", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501363, "pmcid": "PMC7252122", "title": "Generalized Z-numbers with hesitant fuzzy linguistic information and its application to medicine selection for the patients with mild symptoms of the COVID-19.", "journal": "Comput Ind Eng", "authors": ["Ren, Zongyuan", "Liao, Huchang", "Liu, Yuxi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501363", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fuzzy set theory and a series of theories derived from it have been widely used to deal with uncertain phenomena in multi-criterion decision-making problems. However, few methods except the Z-number considered the reliability of information. In this paper, we propose a multi-criterion decision-making method based on the Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory and generalized Z-numbers. To do so, inspired by the concept of hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set, we extend the Z-number to a generalized form which is more in line with human expression habits. Afterwards, we make a bridge between the knowledge of Z-numbers and the DS evidence theory to integrate Z-valuations. The identification framework in the DS theory is used to describe the generalized Z-numbers to avoid ambiguity. Then, the knowledge of Z-numbers is used to derive the basic probability assignment of evidence and the synthetic rules in the DS theory are used to integrate evaluations. An illustrative example of medicine selection for the patients with mild symptoms of the COVID-19 is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method."}, {"pmid": 32074444, "pmcid": "PMC7121626", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zou, Lirong", "Ruan, Feng", "Huang, Mingxing", "Liang, Lijun", "Huang, Huitao", "Hong, Zhongsi", "Yu, Jianxiang", "Kang, Min", "Song, Yingchao", "Xia, Jinyu", "Guo, Qianfang", "Song, Tie", "He, Jianfeng", "Yen, Hui-Ling", "Peiris, Malik", "Wu, Jie"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32074444", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438386, "title": "Beyond COVID-19: five actions which would improve the health of all New Zealanders.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Espiner, Emma", "Poole, Garth", "Mullaney, Tamara Glyn", "Hoh, Su Mei"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438386", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422233, "pmcid": "PMC7228874", "title": "Severe obesity, increasing age and male sex are independently associated with worse in-hospital outcomes, and higher in-hospital mortality, in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in the Bronx, New York.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Palaiodimos, Leonidas", "Kokkinidis, Damianos G", "Li, Weijia", "Karamanis, Dimitrios", "Ognibene, Jennifer", "Arora, Shitij", "Southern, William N", "Mantzoros, Christos S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422233", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New York is the current epicenter of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The underrepresented minorities, where the prevalence of obesity is higher, appear to be affected disproportionately. Our objectives were to assess the characteristics and early outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the Bronx and investigate whether obesity is associated with worse outcomes independently from age, gender and other comorbidities. This retrospective study included the first 200 patients admitted to a tertiary medical center with COVID-19. The electronic medical records were reviewed at least three weeks after admission. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. 200 patients were included (female sex: 102, African American: 102). The median BMI was 30\u202fkg/m2. The median age was 64\u202fyears. Hypertension (76%), hyperlipidemia (46.2%), and diabetes (39.5%) were the three most common comorbidities. Fever (86%), cough (76.5%), and dyspnea (68%) were the three most common symptoms. 24% died during hospitalization (BMI\u202f<\u202f25\u202fkg/m2: 31.6%, BMI 25-34\u202fkg/m2: 17.2%, BMI\u202f\u2265\u202f35\u202fkg/m2: 34.8%, p\u202f=\u202f0.03). Increasing age (analyzed in quartiles), male sex, BMI\u202f\u2265\u202f35\u202fkg/m2 (reference: BMI 25-34\u202fkg/m2), heart failure, CAD, and CKD or ESRD were found to have a significant univariate association with mortality. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that BMI\u202f\u2265\u202f35\u202fkg/m2 (reference: BMI 25-34\u202fkg/m2, OR: 3.78; 95% CI: 1.45-9.83; p\u202f=\u202f0.006), male sex (OR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.25-5.98; p\u202f=\u202f0.011) and increasing age (analyzed in quartiles, OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.13-2.63; p\u202f=\u202f0.011) were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality. Similarly, age, male sex, BMI\u202f\u2265\u202f35\u202fkg/m2 and current or prior smoking were significant predictors for increasing oxygenation requirements in the multivariate analysis, while male sex, age and BMI\u202f\u2265\u202f35\u202fkg/m2 were significant predictors in the multivariate analysis for the outcome of intubation. In this cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a minority-predominant population, severe obesity, increasing age, and male sex were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and in general worse in-hospital outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32271616, "title": "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A View From Trainees on the Front Line.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["DeFilippis, Ersilia M", "Ranard, Lauren S", "Berg, David D"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271616", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464670, "title": "[Implementation of an operational concept in an ENT clinic in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic].", "journal": "Laryngorhinootologie", "authors": ["Weiss, Roxanne", "Loth, Andreas", "Guderian, Daniela", "Diensthuber, Marc", "Kempf, Volkhard", "Hack, Daniel", "Wicker, Sabine", "Ciesek, Sandra", "Graf, Jurgen", "Stover, Timo", "Leinung, Martin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464670", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic poses major challenges for the entire medical care system. Especially in university institutions as maximum care providers, a higher exposure to potentially infectious patients or actual COVID19 patients is to be expected. In a short period of time, an operational concept had to be developed regarding the current hygiene recommendations of the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), the leading medical societies and the internal hospital hygiene plan. Here, patient safety and employee protection are equally important.In cooperation with the Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene and the occupational medical service, interventions were defined to develop solutions to minimize the COVID-19 transmission risk for examiners and patients despite limited diagnostic and equipment resources. For this purpose, an operational concept was developed, consisting of various individual actions, e.\u200ag. the reduction of outpatient treatment to emergencies, life-threatening diseases and urgent aftercare, a double triage of patients and the introduction of treatment teams.The newly developed operational concept was successfully implemented within a few days. After the initial rollout and several \"hygiene inspections\" only minor improvements to the concept were necessary. All measures were documented in the internal quality handbook and are accessible to all employees. Since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a dynamic process with regular changes in the development and information status, the operational concept is regularly reviewed for validity and adjusted as necessary."}, {"pmid": 32510771, "title": "COVID-19 In Lung Transplant Recipients: A Case Series From Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Morlacchi, Letizia Corinna", "Rossetti, Valeria", "Gigli, Lorenzo", "Amati, Francesco", "Rosso, Lorenzo", "Aliberti, Stefano", "Nosotti, Mario", "Blasi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510771", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Limited data is currently available regarding the course of COVID-19 in lung and solid organ transplant recipients. We hereby present 4 cases of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in lung transplant recipients from our centre, set in Milan, Italy. We reduced immunosuppressive regimen in all these patients, typically holding the antiproliferative agent and augmenting steroids; everybody received hydroxychloroquine, initial empiric antibiotic treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam and high dose low molecular weight heparin. Clinical course seemed favourable in three of our patients, but one of them deteriorated after 10 days of hospitalization, probably due to an acute form of graft dysfunction triggered both by COVID19 and a nosocomial bacterial infection, and eventually died. Although short-term prognosis could be considered benign in the majority of our patients, we should carefully monitor these individuals in order to detect early sign of clinical deterioration and graft dysfunction in the next few months."}, {"pmid": 32074550, "title": "Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Gao, Jianjun", "Tian, Zhenxue", "Yang, Xu"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32074550", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is spreading rapidly, and scientists are endeavoring to discover drugs for its efficacious treatment in China. Chloroquine phosphate, an old drug for treatment of malaria, is shown to have apparent efficacy and acceptable safety against COVID-19 associated pneumonia in multicenter clinical trials conducted in China. The drug is recommended to be included in the next version of the Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by COVID-19 issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China for treatment of COVID-19 infection in larger populations in the future."}, {"pmid": 32509415, "pmcid": "PMC7272215", "title": "Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in a Postpartum Patient with Superimposed Preeclampsia and COVID-19.", "journal": "AJP Rep", "authors": ["Sinkey, Rachel G", "Rajapreyar, Indranee", "Robbins, Lindsay S", "Dionne-Odom, Jodie", "Pogwizd, Steven M", "Casey, Brian M", "Tita, Alan T N"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509415", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our understanding of COVID-19 in pregnant and postpartum women is rapidly evolving. We present a case from March 2020 of a 25-year-old G2P2002 whose delivery was complicated by preeclampsia with severe features who presented to the emergency department 9 days after cesarean delivery with chest tightness and dyspnea on exertion. On presentation she had severe hypertension, pulmonary edema, elevated brain natriuretic peptide, and high-sensitivity troponin-I, suggesting a diagnosis of hypertensive emergency leading to heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction resulting in pulmonary edema and abnormal cardiac screening tests. However, bilateral opacities were seen on a computed tomography of the chest, and COVID-19 testing was positive. A high index of suspicion for both COVID-19 and cardiovascular complications are critical for optimal patient outcomes and protection of health care workers."}, {"pmid": 32471919, "title": "Expanding the definition of covid-19 deaths will show the true effect of the pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Labib, Peter L", "Aroori, Somaiah"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471919", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489248, "pmcid": "PMC7253737", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Canadian medical oncologists and cancer care: Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists survey report.", "journal": "Curr Oncol", "authors": ["Gill, S", "Hao, D", "Hirte, H", "Campbell, A", "Colwell, B"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489248", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The covid-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented professional and personal challenges for the oncology community. Under the auspices of the Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists, we conducted an online national survey to better understand the impact of the pandemic on the medical oncology community in Canada. An English-language multiple-choice survey, including questions about demographics, covid-19 risk, use of personal protective equipment (ppe), personal challenges, and chemotherapy management was distributed to Canadian medical oncologists. The survey was open from 30 March to 4 April 2020, and attracted 159 responses. More than 70% of medical oncologists expressed moderate-to-extreme concern about personally contracting covid-19 and about family members or patients (or both) contracting covid-19 from them. Despite that high level of concern, considerable variability in the use of ppe in direct cancer care was reported at the time of this survey, with 33% of respondents indicating no routine ppe use at their institutions and 69% indicating uncertainty about access to adequate ppe. Of the respondents, 54% were experiencing feelings of nervousness or anxiety on most days, and 52% were having feelings of depression or hopelessness on at least some days. Concern about aging parents or family and individual wellness represented the top personal challenges identified. The management of cancer patients has been affected, with adoption of telemedicine reported by 82% of respondents, and cessation of clinical trial accrual reported by 54%. The 3 factors deemed most important for treatment decision-making were\u25a0 cancer prognosis and anticipated benefit from treatment,\u25a0 risk of treatment toxicity during scarce health care access, and\u25a0 patient risk of contracting covid-19. This report describes the results of the first national survey assessing the impact of the covid-19 on Canadian medical oncologists and how they deliver systemic anticancer therapies. We hope that these data will provide a framework to address the challenges identified."}, {"pmid": 32378470, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: changing the way we live and die.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Nyatanga, Brian"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378470", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297723, "title": "COVID-2019: update on epidemiology, disease spread and management.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Lal, Amos"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297723", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With each passing day, more cases of Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) are being detected and unfortunately the fear of novel corona virus 2019 (2019-nCoV) becoming a pandemic disease has come true. Constant efforts at individual, national, and international level are being made in order to understand the genomics, hosts, modes of transmission and epidemiological link of nCoV-2019. As of now, whole genome sequence of the newly discovered coronavirus has already been decoded. Genomic characterization nCoV-2019 have shown close homology with bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. Structural analysis of the receptor binding site has confirmed that 2019-nCoV binds with the same ACE 2 receptor protein as human SARS virus. Compared to the previous coronavirus outbreaks, the overall mortality rate is relatively low for COVID-2019 (2-3%). Suspected cases must be quarantined till their test comes positive or they clear infection. At present, treatment of COVID-2019 is mostly based on the knowledge gained from the SARS and MERS outbreaks. Remdesivir, originally develop as a treatment for Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus infections, is being studied for it effectiveness against 2019-nCoV infection. Many other antiviral agents and vaccines are being tested but most of them are in phase I or II and hence unlikely to be of any benefit immediately with regards to current outbreak. Hence, the standard infection control techniques and preventive steps for healthy individuals and supportive care for the confirmed cases is the best available strategy to deal with current viral outbreak.\u2003."}, {"pmid": 32498076, "title": "Association of hypertension and antihypertensive treatment with COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective observational study.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Gao, Chao", "Cai, Yue", "Zhang, Kan", "Zhou, Lei", "Zhang, Yao", "Zhang, Xijing", "Li, Qi", "Li, Weiqin", "Yang, Shiming", "Zhao, Xiaoyan", "Zhao, Yuying", "Wang, Hui", "Liu, Yi", "Yin, Zhiyong", "Zhang, Ruining", "Wang, Rutao", "Yang, Ming", "Hui, Chen", "Wijns, William", "McEvoy, J William", "Soliman, Osama", "Onuma, Yoshinobu", "Serruys, Patrick W", "Tao, Ling", "Li, Fei"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498076", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It remains unknown whether the treatment of hypertension influences the mortality of patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This is a retrospective observational study of all patients admitted with COVID-19 to Huo Shen Shan Hospital. The hospital was dedicated solely to the treatment of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Hypertension and the treatments were stratified according to the medical history or medications administrated prior to the infection. Among 2877 hospitalized patients, 29.5% (850/2877) had a history of hypertension. After adjustment for confounders, patients with hypertension had a two-fold increase in the relative risk of mortality as compared with patients without hypertension [4.0% vs. 1.1%, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-3.82, P = 0.013]. Patients with a history of hypertension but without antihypertensive treatment (n = 140) were associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality compared with those with antihypertensive treatments (n = 730) (7.9% vs. 3.2%, adjusted HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.03-4.57, P = 0.041). The mortality rates were similar between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor (4/183) and non-RAAS inhibitor (19/527) cohorts (2.2% vs. 3.6%, adjusted HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.28-2.58, P = 0.774). However, in a study-level meta-analysis of four studies, the result showed that patients with RAAS inhibitor use tend to have a lower risk of mortality (relative risk 0.65, 95% CI 0.45-0.94, P = 0.20). While hypertension and the discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment are suspected to be related to increased risk of mortality, in this retrospective observational analysis, we did not detect any harm of RAAS inhibitors in patients infected with COVID-19. However, the results should be considered as exploratory and interpreted cautiously."}, {"pmid": 32301806, "pmcid": "PMC7188046", "title": "COVID-19 Preparedness Within the Surgical, Obstetric, and Anesthetic Ecosystem in Sub-Saharan Africa.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O", "Bekele, Abebe", "Berhea, Ataklitie Baraki", "Borgstein, Eric", "Capo-Chichi, Nina", "Derbew, Miliard", "Evans, Faye M", "Feyssa, Mekdes Daba", "Galukande, Moses", "Gawande, Atul A", "Gueye, Serigne M", "Harrison, Ewen", "Jani, Pankaj", "Kaseje, Neema", "Litswa, Louis", "Mammo, Tihitena Negussie", "Mellin-Olsen, Jannicke", "Muguti, Godfrey", "Nabukenya, Mary T", "Ngoga, Eugene", "Ntirenganya, Faustin", "Rulisa, Stephen", "Starr, Nichole", "Tabiri, Stephen", "Tadesse, Mahelet", "Walker, Isabeau", "Weiser, Thomas G", "Wren, Sherry M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301806", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320563, "title": "First Case of Covid-19 in the United States.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Link, Alexander", "Hold, Georgina"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320563", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412101, "pmcid": "PMC7272895", "title": "COVID-19 is a Real Headache!", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Bolay, Hayrunnisa", "Gul, Ahmet", "Baykan, Betul"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412101", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the emergence of a novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was initially characterized by fever, sore throat, cough, and dyspnea, mainly manifestations of respiratory system. However, other manifestations such as headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of taste and smell were added to the clinical spectrum, during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. The reports on the neurological findings are increasing rapidly and headache seems to be the leader on the symptom list. Headache was reported in 11%-34% of the hospitalized COVID-19 patients, but clinical features of these headaches were totally missing in available publications. According to our initial experience, significant features of headache presentation in the symptomatic COVID-19 patients were new-onset, moderate-severe, bilateral headache with pulsating or pressing quality in the temporoparietal, forehead or periorbital region. The most striking features of the headache were sudden to gradual onset and poor response to common analgesics, or high relapse rate, that was limited to the active phase of the COVID-19. Symptomatic COVID-19 patients, around 6%-10%, also reported headache as a presenting symptom. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms of headache include activation of peripheral trigeminal nerve endings by the SARS-CoV-2 directly or through the vasculopathy and/or increased circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia. We concluded that as a common non-respiratory symptom of COVID-19, headache should not be overlooked, and its characteristics should be recorded with scrutiny."}, {"pmid": 32289215, "title": "Not Dying Alone - Modern Compassionate Care in the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Wakam, Glenn K", "Montgomery, John R", "Biesterveld, Ben E", "Brown, Craig S"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289215", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423150, "title": "Artificial Intelligence-Empowered Mobilization of Assessments in COVID-19-like Pandemics: A Case Study for Early Flattening of the Curve.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Simsek, Murat", "Kantarci, Burak"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has uncovered the fragility of healthcare and public health preparedness and planning against epidemics/pandemics. In addition to the medical practice for treatment and immunization, it is vital to have a thorough understanding of community spread phenomena as related research reports 17.9-30.8% confirmed cases to remain asymptomatic. Therefore, an effective assessment strategy is vital to maximize tested population in a short amount of time. This article proposes an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven mobilization strategy for mobile assessment agents for epidemics/pandemics. To this end, a self-organizing feature map (SOFM) is trained by using data acquired from past mobile crowdsensing (MCS) campaigns to model mobility patterns of individuals in multiple districts of a city so to maximize the assessed population with minimum agents in the shortest possible time. Through simulation results for a real street map on a mobile crowdsensing simulator and considering the worst case analysis, it is shown that on the 15th day following the first confirmed case in the city under the risk of community spread, AI-enabled mobilization of assessment centers can reduce the unassessed population size down to one fourth of the unassessed population under the case when assessment agents are randomly deployed over the entire city."}, {"pmid": 32419926, "pmcid": "PMC7202090", "title": "Use of the informational spectrum methodology for rapid biological analysis of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: prediction of potential receptor, natural reservoir, tropism and therapeutic/vaccine target.", "journal": "F1000Res", "authors": ["Veljkovic, Veljko", "Vergara-Alert, Julia", "Segales, Joaquim", "Paessler, Slobodan"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419926", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus recently identified in Wuhan, China (SARS-CoV-2) has expanded the number of highly pathogenic coronaviruses affecting humans. The SARS-CoV-2 represents a potential epidemic or pandemic threat, which requires a quick response for preparedness against this infection. The present report uses the informational spectrum methodology to identify the possible origin and natural host of the new virus, as well as putative therapeutic and vaccine targets. The performed in silico analysis indicates that the newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and, to a lesser degree, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV. Moreover, the well-known SARS-CoV receptor (ACE2) might be a putative receptor for the novel virus as well. Actin protein was also suggested as a host factor that participates in cell entry and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2; therefore, drugs modulating biological activity of this protein (e.g. ibuprofen) were suggested as potential candidates for treatment of this viral infection. Additional results indicated that civets and poultry are potential candidates for the natural reservoir of the SARS-CoV-2, and that domain 288-330 of S1 protein from the SARS-CoV-2 represents promising therapeutic and/or vaccine target."}, {"pmid": 32424697, "pmcid": "PMC7232906", "title": "Making transesophageal echocardiography safer during COVID-19: is there a role for probe protective equipment (pPE)?", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lee, Trevor W", "Enns, James"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424697", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266708, "pmcid": "PMC7138256", "title": "Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition in Cardiovascular Patients at the Time of COVID19: Much Ado for Nothing? A Statement of Activity from the Directors of the Board and the Scientific Directors of the Italian Society of Hypertension.", "journal": "High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev", "authors": ["Iaccarino, Guido", "Borghi, Claudio", "Cicero, Arrigo F G", "Ferri, Claudio", "Minuz, Pietro", "Muiesan, Maria Lorenza", "Mulatero, Paolo", "Mule, Giuseppe", "Pucci, Giacomo", "Salvetti, Massimo", "Savoia, Carmine", "Sechi, Leonardo Alberto", "Volpe, Massimo", "Grassi, Guido"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266708", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cardiovascular diseases, in particular hypertension, as well as the cardiovascular treatment with Renin-Angiotensin System inhibitors such as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), are claimed once again as mechanisms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) during the COVID-19 outbreak due to Cov-2 epidemics. In vitro studies are available to support the eventual role of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in both the promotion and antagonism of the disease. The available literature, indeed, presents contrasting results, all concentrated in experimental models. Evidence in humans is lacking that those mechanisms are\u00a0actually occurring in the present COVID-19 outbreak. Here we present the reasoned statement of the Italian Society of Hypertension to maintain ongoing antihypertensive treatments. Furthermore, the Italian Society of Hypertension presents its own initiative to investigate the issue using an online questionnaire to collect relevant data in human disease."}, {"pmid": 32530146, "title": "[Healthcare, European Stability Mechanism and public funding following the Covid-19 pandemic].", "journal": "G Ital Nefrol", "authors": ["Spampinato, Luigi"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this editorial is to illustrate the new public funding framework of the Italian National Health System following the Covid-19 pandemic. The document reviews the measures put in place by the Italian Government and European Institutions such as the European Commission (EC), the European Central Bank (ECB) and the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) to deal with this health crisis and subsequent severe economic recession, with particular reference to sources and uses of resources. The use of new budgetary financial spaces in deficit entails greater attention to the assessment of interventions and makes it necessary to keep expenditure under strict control. At the same time, the remodeling of expenditure within its aggregates, public investment in innovation, and the removal of administrative obstacles can strengthen the capacity of the healthcare system to meet the extraordinary needs deriving from the spread of Covid-19 and its resilience to future health shocks."}, {"pmid": 32274879, "pmcid": "PMC7262049", "title": "Slowdown of urology residents' learning curve during the COVID-19 emergency.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Porpiglia, Francesco", "Checcucci, Enrico", "Amparore, Daniele", "Verri, Paolo", "Campi, Riccardo", "Claps, Francesco", "Esperto, Franceso", "Fiori, Cristian", "Carrieri, Giuseppe", "Ficarra, Vincenzo", "Mario Scarpa, Roberto", "Dasgupta, Prokar"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274879", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245656, "pmcid": "PMC7270790", "title": "COVID-19 in patients with cardiovascular diseases.", "journal": "Arch Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Hulot, Jean-Sebastien"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245656", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32280952, "pmcid": "PMC7184351", "title": "Good IgA bad IgG in SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bene, Marie C", "de Carvalho, Marcelo", "Eveillard, Marion", "Lebri, Yannick"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32280952", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354463, "pmcid": "PMC7185913", "title": "Curating evidence on mental health during COVID-19: A living systematic review.", "journal": "J Psychosom Res", "authors": ["Thombs, Brett D", "Bonardi, Olivia", "Rice, Danielle B", "Boruff, Jill T", "Azar, Marleine", "He, Chen", "Markham, Sarah", "Sun, Ying", "Wu, Yin", "Krishnan, Ankur", "Thombs-Vite, Ian", "Benedetti, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354463", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296826, "pmcid": "PMC7184457", "title": "The changing patter of COVID-19 in China: A tempo-geographic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Weiming, T", "Huipeng, L", "Gifty, M", "Zaisheng, W", "Weibin, C", "Dan, W", "Rongbin, Y"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296826", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evaluating whether an infectious disease has reached a turning point is important for planning additional intervention efforts. This study aimed to analyze the changing patterns and the tempo-geographic features of the COVID-19 epidemic, to provide further evidence for real-time responses. Daily data on COVID-2019 cases between 31st Dec. 2019 and 26th Feb. 2020 were collected and analyzed for Hubei and non-Hubei regions. Observed trends for new and cumulative cases were analyzed through joint-point regressions. Spatial analysis was applied to show the geographic distribution and changing pattern of the epidemic. By 26th Feb. 2020, 78,630 confirmed COVID-19 cases had been reported in China. In Hubei, an increasing trend (slope=221) was observed for new cases between 24th Jan. and February 7th Feb. 2020, after which a decline commenced (slope=-868). However, as the diagnosis criteria changed, a sudden increase (slope=5530) was observed on 12th Feb., which sharply decreased afterward (slope=-4898). In non-Hubei regions, the number of new cases increased from 20th Jan. to 3rd Feb. and started to decline afterward (slope=-53). The spatial analysis identified Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Changsha, Nanchang, Wenzhou, Shanghai, Xinyang, Jining, and Beijing as the hotspots outside of Hubei province in China. The joint-point regression analysis indicated that the epidemic might have been under control in China, especially for regions outside of Hubei province. Further improvement in the response strategies based on these new patterns is needed."}, {"pmid": 32227218, "pmcid": "PMC7184387", "title": "Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Cullen, W", "Gulati, G", "Kelly, B D"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227218", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308260, "pmcid": "PMC7163166", "title": "Are Surgeons in India prepared for COVID-19?", "journal": "Indian J Surg", "authors": ["Bhattacharya, Kaushik"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308260", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247030, "pmcid": "PMC7194581", "title": "A military perspective on the vascular surgeon's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Rasmussen, Todd E", "Koelling, Erin E"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247030", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340758, "pmcid": "PMC7164853", "title": "[COVID-19: The day after].", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Baudouin, C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340758", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505553, "title": "Head and neck cancer surgery in COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Italy.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Riva, Giuseppe", "Pizzo, Claudia", "Fassone, Elisabetta", "Pecorari, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505553", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304393, "pmcid": "PMC7217132", "title": "Contributory Role of Positron Emission Tomography in a Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipient at the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Loforte, Antonio", "Gliozzi, Gregorio", "Martin Suarez, Sofia", "Pacini, Davide"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304393", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, We report on the use of fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scan examinations for detecting potential COVID-19 respiratory syndrome in asymptomatic left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients. Thus, extreme caution and thoughtful approaches should be taken for a timely detection in delicate LVAD populations, especially if patients are living in a high-density COVID-19-infected area, and the potential intention for LVAD treatment is bridge to transplantation."}, {"pmid": 32380214, "pmcid": "PMC7198181", "title": "Clinical considerations for managing dermatology patients on systemic immunosuppressive and/or biologic therapy during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Sanchez, Daniela P", "Kirsner, Robert S", "Lev-Tov, Hadar"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380214", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358554, "title": "Coronavirus diaries: creature comforts.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tregoning, John"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358554", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436754, "title": "Dermatology department: what we could do amidst the pandemic of COVID-19?", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Abedini, Robabeh", "Ghandi, Narges", "Lajevardi, Vahideh", "Ghiasi, Maryam", "Nasimi, Maryam"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516020, "title": "Early dinner or \"dinner like a pauper\": Evidence, the habitual time of the largest meal of the day - dinner - is predisposing to severe COVID-19 outcome - death.", "journal": "Chronobiol Int", "authors": ["Verd, Sergio", "Beiro, Sara", "Fernandez-Bernabeu, Marisa", "Ponce-Taylor, Jaume"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516020", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 and metabolic syndrome are devastating pandemics. Effective control of metabolic parameters and their dysfunction may help prevent or minimize the acute and devastating effects of SARS-CoV-2 by reducing the local inflammatory response and blocking the entry of the virus into cells. With such consideration in mind, we gathered data from dietary surveys conducted in nine European countries to explore the relationship between actual clock hour of the large dinner meal and also interval in minutes between it and sunset in the respective countries and death rate above the median rate of per one million people as an index of mortality due to COVID-19 infection. Clock time of the dinner meal varied between 16:00 and 21:00\u00a0h across the European counties sampled, and the correlation between dinner mealtime and death rate was strongly correlated, R =\u00a00.7991 (two-tailed p =\u00a00.0098), with R2 explaining 63% of the variation within the data. This strong linear positive correlation indicates that the later the clock time of the dinner meal, the higher is the death rate (and vice versa). The relationship between meal timing in reference to sunset, utilized as a gross surrogate marker of the activity/rest synchronizer of circadian rhythms, and death rate was negative and even slightly stronger, R =\u00a0-0.8025 (two-tailed p =\u00a00.0092), with R2 explaining 64% of the variation within the data. This strong linear negative correlation indicates that the shorter the interval between the dinner meal and sunset, i.e., the closer the time of the largest meal of the day to bedtime, the greater is the death rate (and vice versa). Our preliminary approach to nighttime eating, in terms of the day's largest caloric intake, as a risk factor for the predisposing conditions of obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and other commonly associated comorbidities of being overweight, and death from COVID-19 infection reveals strong correlation with the time of the dinner meal, both in terms of its actual clock and circadian time."}, {"pmid": 32518989, "title": "Acute pulmonary embolism in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients referred to CTPA by emergency department.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Gervaise, Alban", "Bouzad, Caroline", "Peroux, Evelyne", "Helissey, Carole"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518989", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the prevalence of acute pulmonary embolism (APE) in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients referred to CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) by the emergency department. From March 14 to April 6, 2020, 72 non-hospitalized patients referred by the emergency department to CTPA for COVID-19 pneumonia were retrospectively identified. Relevant clinical and laboratory data and CT scan findings were collected for each patient. CTPA scans were reviewed by two radiologists to determinate the presence or absence of APE. Clinical classification, lung involvement of COVID-19 pneumonia, and CT total severity score were compared between APE group and non-APE group. APE was identified in 13 (18%) CTPA scans. The mean age and D-dimer of patients from the APE group were higher in comparison with those from the non-APE group (74.4 vs. 59.6\u00a0years, p\u2009=\u20090.008, and 7.29 vs. 3.29\u00a0\u03bcg/ml, p\u2009=\u20090.011). There was no significant difference between APE and non-APE groups concerning clinical type, COVID-19 pneumonia lung lesions (ground-glass opacity: 85% vs. 97%; consolidation: 69% vs. 68%; crazy paving: 38% vs. 37%; linear reticulation: 69% vs. 78%), CT severity score (6.3 vs. 7.1, p\u2009=\u20090.365), quality of CTPA (1.8 vs. 2.0, p\u2009=\u20090.518), and pleural effusion (38% vs. 19%, p\u2009=\u20090.146). Non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia referred to CT scan by the emergency departments are at risk of APE. The presence of APE was not limited to severe or critical clinical type of COVID-19 pneumonia. \u2022 Acute pulmonary embolism was found in 18% of non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients referred by the emergency department to CTPA. Two (15%) patients had main, four (30%) lobar, and seven (55%) segmental acute pulmonary embolism. \u2022 Five of 13 (38%) patients with acute pulmonary embolism had a moderate clinical type. \u2022 Severity and radiological features of COVID-19 pneumonia showed no significant difference between patients with or without acute pulmonary embolism."}, {"pmid": 32383728, "pmcid": "PMC7210505", "title": "Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Positivity Rate in Outpatients in Seattle and Washington State, March 1-April 16, 2020.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Randhawa, April Kaur", "Fisher, Leigh H", "Greninger, Alexander L", "Li, Shuying Sue", "Andriesen, Jessica", "Corey, Lawrence", "Jerome, Keith R"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383728", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339221, "title": "COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation.", "journal": "Blood", "authors": ["Connors, Jean M", "Levy, Jerrold H"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339221", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced infection can be associated with a coagulopathy, findings consistent with infection-induced inflammatory changes as observed in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). The lack of prior immunity to COVID-19 has resulted in large numbers of infected patients across the globe and uncertainty regarding management of the complications that arise in the course of this viral illness. The lungs are the target organ for COVID-19; patients develop acute lung injury that can progress to respiratory failure, although multiorgan failure can also occur. The initial coagulopathy of COVID-19 presents with prominent elevation of D-dimer and fibrin/fibrinogen-degradation products, whereas abnormalities in prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and platelet counts are relatively uncommon in initial presentations. Coagulation test screening, including the measurement of D-dimer and fibrinogen levels, is suggested. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy should be managed as it would be for any critically ill patient, following the established practice of using thromboembolic prophylaxis for critically ill hospitalized patients, and standard supportive care measures for those with sepsis-induced coagulopathy or DIC. Although D-dimer, sepsis physiology, and consumptive coagulopathy are indicators of mortality, current data do not suggest the use of full-intensity anticoagulation doses unless otherwise clinically indicated. Even though there is an associated coagulopathy with COVID-19, bleeding manifestations, even in those with DIC, have not been reported. If bleeding does occur, standard guidelines for the management of DIC and bleeding should be followed."}, {"pmid": 32438453, "title": "Integrating COVID-19 Volunteer Response into the Year 3 MD Curriculum.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Haines, Morgan J", "Cm Yu, Alec", "Ching, Geoffrey", "Kestler, Mary"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438453", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The University of British Columbia (UBC) Faculty of Medicine suspended clinical rotations for medical students on March 14, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. At that time 291 Year 3 medical students were engaged in clerkships across British Columbia and urgently needed an academic pathway to advance to Year 4 on schedule."}, {"pmid": 32407134, "title": "Teaching Public Health Will Never Be the Same.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Abuelezam, Nadia N"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429716, "title": "Coronavirus and pregnancy: How can three-dimensional printing laboratories help?", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Werner, Heron", "Lopes, Jorge", "Ribeiro, Gerson", "Lopes, Flavia Paiva", "Araujo Junior, Edward"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429716", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388332, "pmcid": "PMC7202835", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection and glucose homeostasis in pregnancy. What about antenatal corticosteroids?", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Kakoulidis, Ioannis", "Ilias, Ioannis", "Koukkou, Eftychia"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388332", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Administration of corticosteroids is common in obstetric practice. In this concise review we queried on the effects of corticosteroids in pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2. We performed a literature search on PubMed, regarding the use of corticosteroids in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, in pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2, as well as their impact on glycemia in pregnant women with or without diabetes. Furthermore, we searched for effects of SARS-CoV-2 and of other coronaviridae on insulin secretion and glycemia. SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to be a risk factor for complications in pregnancy. Corticosteroids may not be recommended for treating SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia but they may be needed for at-risk pregnancies. Corticosteroids in pregnancy have a diabetogenic potential. SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviridae may have effects on glycemia. Caution should be exercised while using corticosteroids in pregnant women with COVID-19 requiring preterm delivery."}, {"pmid": 32383306, "pmcid": "PMC7267579", "title": "Do we need robotics for coronary intervention more than ever in the COVID-19 era?", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Virk, Hafeez Ul Hassan", "Lakhter, Vladimir", "Tabaza, Luai", "George, Jon C"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517547, "title": "Management of used personal protective equipment and wastes related to COVID-19 in South Korea.", "journal": "Waste Manag Res", "authors": ["Rhee, Seung-Whee"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517547", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the amount of used personal protective equipment (PPE) including face masks and protective clothes has significantly increased. This used PPE in a hospital can lead to the indirect infection by COVID-19. Accordingly, it has been recognized that the management of used PPE is very important to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Through the experience of spreading some infectious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome and Ebola virus in South Korea (Republic of Korea), a safe management method of waste related to infectious diseases has been developed. In addition, regarding waste related to COVID-19, the Ministry of Environment, SK, proposed special measures to strengthen the management process of waste related to COVID-19 based on principles such as sustainability, transparency and safety."}, {"pmid": 32343658, "pmcid": "PMC7196844", "title": "Medication for COVID-19-an Overview of Approaches Currently Under Study.", "journal": "Dtsch Arztebl Int", "authors": ["Stahlmann, Ralf", "Lode, Hartmut"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343658", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is becoming increasingly urgent to develop a vaccine to prevent COVID-19, as well as effective drugs to treat it. This article is based on a selective literature search in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov, followed by an assessment of the ongoing clinical trials that were revealed by the search. A number of substances have been found to prevent the reproduction of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. These include virustatic agents that have already been approved for the treatment of other types of viral infection, as well as drugs that are currently used for entirely different purposes. High in vitro activity has been found for the nucleotide analogue remdesivir, for the antimalarial drug chloroquine, and for nitazoxanide, a drug used to treat protozoan infections. Because the virus enters human cells by way of the membrane-associated angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), keeping the virus from docking to this receptor is a conceivable treatment approach. Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) plays a role in the fusion of the virus with cells; inhibitors of this enzyme are known as well. The potential therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of these and other active substances remain to be investigated in clinical trials. At present, more than 80 trials on COVID-10 have already been registered with Clinical- Trials.gov. Some initial findings should already be available in late April 2020. Clinical trials are now indispensable in order to determine the true clinical benefits and risks of the substances that have been found to be active against SARSCoV- 2 in vitro. There is not yet any recommendation for the therapeutic use of any particular agent beyond standard supportive treatment."}, {"pmid": 32405428, "pmcid": "PMC7213072", "title": "Summary of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) update from the 2020 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 8-11 March 2020, Boston, USA.", "journal": "J Virus Erad", "authors": ["Psomas, Christina K", "Kinloch, Sabine"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405428", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250159, "title": "Hemorrhagic Problem Among the Patients With COVID-19: Clinical Summary of 41 Thai Infected Patients.", "journal": "Clin Appl Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250159", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32252855, "pmcid": "PMC7174849", "title": "Alert for SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by fecal aerosols in rural areas in China.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Meng, Xiujuan", "Huang, Xun", "Zhou, Pengcheng", "Li, Chunhui", "Wu, Anhua"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252855", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497745, "pmcid": "PMC7263238", "title": "Management of diabetic persons with foot ulceration during COVID-19 health care emergency: Effectiveness of a new triage pathway.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Meloni, Marco", "Izzo, Valentina", "Giurato, Laura", "Gandini, Roberto", "Uccioli, Luigi"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497745", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To define the outcomes of persons with diabetes and foot ulcers (DFUs) managed through a specific triage pathway during the COVID-19 crisis. Patients who had an active DFU during the COVID-19 emergency were included. All participants were managed using a specific triage system driven both by ulcer'severity and concomitant co-diseases. Subjects with severely complicated DFUs were urgently referred to hospital regardless of the concomitant comorbidities. Subjects with complicated DFUs received outpatient evaluation (within 48-72\u00a0h) and were admitted to hospital if required (revascularization, surgical intervention, intravenous antibiotic therapy); after the first outpatient visit or hospitalization, patients were followed according to the number of comorbidities (in the case of 3 or more comorbidities patients were followed up by telemedicine). Patients with uncomplicated DFUs were managed by telemedicine after outpatient evaluation. Healing, major amputation, death and rate of COVID-19 infection were evaluated. The minimum follow-up was 1\u00a0month. The study group included 151 patients. The mean age was 69.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.2\u00a0years, 58.9% were male and 91.4% had type 2 diabetes; 58.7% had severely complicated, 21% complicated and 20.3% uncomplicated DFUs. Among those, 78.8% presented with 3 or more comorbidities. One hundred and six patients had regular clinical follow-ups, while 45 were managed through telemedicine. Forty-one (27.1%) patients healed, 3 (1.9%) had major amputations and 3 (1.9%) died. One patient (0.6%) reported COVID-19 positivity due to infection acquired at home. The triage pathway adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic showed adequate management of DFUs and no cases of hospital virus exposure."}, {"pmid": 32534082, "title": "Outbreak of chilblain-like acral lesions in children in the metropolitan area of Milan, Italy, during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Colonna, Cristiana", "Genovese, Giovanni", "Monzani, Nicola Adriano", "Picca, Marina", "Boggio, Francesca", "Gianotti, Raffaele", "Marzano, Angelo Valerio"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534082", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378467, "title": "COVID-19 and district and community nursing.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Green, Julie", "Doyle, Carolyn", "Hayes, Sarah", "Newnham, Wendy", "Hill, Sue", "Zeller, Irene", "Graffin, Marysia", "Goddard, Gail"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378467", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451232, "pmcid": "PMC7213961", "title": "Position Statement on the Management of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Australia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Living Document.", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Kumar, Saurabh", "Haqqani, Haris", "Wynn, Gareth", "Pathak, Rajeev K", "Lipton, Jonathan", "Mahajan, Rajiv", "Sanders, Prashanthan", "Healey, Stewart", "Wilsmore, Bradley", "Mariani, Justin A", "Thomas, Stuart P", "Weerasooriya, Rukshen", "McGavigan, Andrew", "Gould, Paul A", "Weatherley, Paul", "Saad, Natasha", "Cowan, Mitchell", "Turnbull, Samual", "Trivic, Ivana", "Wong, Michael", "Tonchev, Ivaylo", "Morton, Joseph B", "Skinner, Jonathan R", "Pflaumer, Andreas", "McGuire, Mark", "Kistler, Peter", "Kalman, Jonathan M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451232", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant stress on health resources in Australia. The Heart Rhythm Council of the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand aims to provide a framework for efficient resource utilisation balanced with competing risks when appropriately treating patients with cardiac arrhythmias. This document provides practical recommendations for the electrophysiology (EP) and cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) services in Australia. The document will be updated regularly as new evidence and knowledge is gained with time."}, {"pmid": 32526721, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: growth patterns, power law scaling, and saturation.", "journal": "Phys Biol", "authors": ["Singer, Herman M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526721", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "More and more countries show a significant slowdown in the number of new COVID-19 infections due to effective governmentally instituted lockdown and social distancing measures. We have analyzed the growth behavior of the top 25 most affected countries by means of a local slope analysis and found three distinct patterns that individual countries follow depending on the strictness of the lockdown protocols: rise and fall, power law, or logistic. For countries showing power law growth we have determined the scaling exponents. For countries that showed a strong slowdown in the rate of infections we have extrapolated the expected saturation of the total number of infections and the expected final date. Three different extrapolation methods (logistic, parabolic, and cutoff power law) were used. All methods agree on the order of magnitude of saturation and end dates. Global infection rates are analyzed with the same methods. The relevance and accuracy of these extrapolations is discussed."}, {"pmid": 32416976, "pmcid": "PMC7205663", "title": "Re: Kristian D. Stensland, Todd M. Morgan, Alireza Moinzadeh, et al. Considerations in the Triage of Urologic Surgeries During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.027: The Forgotten Urological Patient During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Patient Safety Safeguards.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Tan, Yi Quan", "Lu, Jirong", "Chiong, Edmund"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416976", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303491, "title": "Covid-19: Cancer Research urges mass testing to enable care to continue during pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303491", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364119, "pmcid": "PMC7164900", "title": "Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases: a delayed pandemic?", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Serrano-Castro, P J", "Estivill-Torrus, G", "Cabezudo-Garcia, P", "Reyes-Bueno, J A", "Ciano Petersen, N", "Aguilar-Castillo, M J", "Suarez-Perez, J", "Jimenez-Hernandez, M D", "Moya-Molina, M A", "Oliver-Martos, B", "Arrabal-Gomez, C", "Rodriguez de Fonseca, F"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364119", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in December 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan and has since spread across the world. At present, the virus has infected over 1.7 million people and caused over 100 000 deaths worldwide. Research is currently focused on understanding the acute infection and developing effective treatment strategies. In view of the magnitude of the epidemic, we conducted a speculative review of possible medium- and long-term neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with particular emphasis on neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases of neuroinflammatory origin, based on the available evidence on neurological symptoms of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. We systematically reviewed the available evidence about the pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the immediate and lasting effects of the cytokine storm on the central nervous system, and the consequences of neuroinflammation for the central nervous system. SARS-CoV-2 is a neuroinvasive virus capable of triggering a cytokine storm, with persistent effects in specific populations. Although our hypothesis is highly speculative, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the onset and progression of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases of neuroinflammatory origin should be regarded as the potential cause of a delayed pandemic that may have a major public health impact in the medium to long term. Cognitive and neuropsychological function should be closely monitored in COVID-19 survivors."}, {"pmid": 32355509, "pmcid": "PMC7190476", "title": "[Antibiotics alone as an alternative to appendectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in adults: changes in treatment modalities related to the COVID-19 health crisis].", "authors": ["Collard, Maxime", "Lefevre, Jeremie H", "Maggiori, Leon"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355509", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The massive inflow of patients with COVID-19 requiring urgent care has overloaded hospitals in France and impacts the management of other patients. Deferring hospitalization and non-urgent surgeries has become a priority for surgeons today in order to relieve the health care system.It is obviously not simple to reduce emergency surgery without altering the quality of care or leading to a loss of chance for the patient. Acute appendicitis is a very specific situation and the prevalence of this disease leads us to reconsider this particular disease in the context of the COVID-19 crisis. Indeed, while the currently recommended treatment for uncomplicated acute appendicitis is surgical appendectomy, the non-surgical alternative of medical management by antibiotic therapy alone has been widely evaluated by high-quality studies in the literature. Insofar as the main limitation of exclusively medical treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis is the risk of recurrent appendicitis, this treatment option represents an alternative of choice to reduce the intra-hospital overload in this context of health crisis.The aim of this work is therefore to provide physicians and surgeons with a practical guide based on a review of the literature on the medical treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in adults, to offer this alternative treatment to the right patients and under good conditions, especially when access to the operating room is limited or impossible."}, {"pmid": 32453877, "title": "Delayed-Phase Thrombocytopenia in Patients of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Chen, Wanxin", "Li, Ziping", "Yang, Bohan", "Wang, Ping", "Zhou, Qiong", "Zhang, Zhiguo", "Zhu, Jianhua", "Chen, Xuexing", "Yang, Peng", "Zhou, Hao"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453877", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 can affect the hematopoietic system. Thrombocytopenia at admission was prevalent, while late-phase or delayed-phase thrombocytopenia (occurred 14 days after symptom onset) is obscure. This retrospective single-center study screened 450 COVID-19 patients and enrolled 271 patients at the Union Hospital, Wuhan, China, from January 25th to March 9th, 2020. COVID-19 associated delayed-phase thrombocytopenia occurred in 11.8% percent of enrolling patients. The delayed-phase thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 is prone to develop in elderly patients or patients with low lymphocyte count on admission. The delayed-phase thrombocytopenia is significantly associated with increased length of hospital stay and higher mortality rate. Delayed-phase nadir platelet counts demonstrated a significantly negative correlation with B cell percentages. We also presented bone marrow aspiration pathology of three patients with delayed-phase thrombocytopenia, showing impaired maturation of megakaryocytes. We speculated that immune mediated platelet destruction might account for the delayed-phase thrombocytopenia in a group of patients. Besides, clinicians need to pay attention to the delayed-phase thrombocytopenia especially at 3-4 weeks after symptom onset."}, {"pmid": 32333546, "pmcid": "PMC7253115", "title": "Challenges and Opportunities for Lung Ultrasound in Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Schultz, Marcus J", "Sivakorn, Chaisith", "Dondorp, Arjen M"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333546", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426075, "pmcid": "PMC7233255", "title": "Letter to the Editor Regarding Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: Lessons Learned for African Neurosurgical Centers.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Bechri, Hajar", "Oudrhiri, Mohammed Yassaad", "Arkha, Yasser", "El Ouahabi, Abdessamad"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325535, "title": "[Covid-19 in Refugee Shelters: The German Public Health Service Needs Strengthening Now].", "journal": "Gesundheitswesen", "authors": ["Razum, Oliver", "Penning, Verena", "Mohsenpour, Amir", "Bozorgmehr, Kayvan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic poses a major challenge for the management of collective accommodation centres for refugees. The often-overcrowded facilities hinder satisfactory implementation of social distancing and hygiene practices. Adequate information policies as well as a rapid, efficient management of suspected and confirmed Covid-19 cases are essential. However, scientific evidence on this is largely lacking. Besides partially implemented approaches, such as isolation areas or cluster quarantine, plans to evacuate overcrowded facilities should also be considered. The German Public Health Service (\u00d6GD) plays a vital role in the current Covid-19 pandemic. In order to fulfil their routine tasks of infection control and support health services management for refugee accommodation centres, the \u00d6GD urgently needs to be strengthened in terms of personnel and material. Additionally, means for a rapid exchange of best practice examples of Covid-19 interventions across federal states as well as collaborative structures and capacity within the \u00d6GD for accompanying operational research are needed. Refugees, their housing situation and their access to health care need to be included in pandemic plans. Only an integrative health care system can achieve regional and international targets for the control of Covid-19 and other infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32239142, "pmcid": "PMC7184403", "title": "Potential covalent drugs targeting the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.", "journal": "Bioinformatics", "authors": ["Liu, Sen", "Zheng, Qiang", "Wang, Zhiying"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239142", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the newly identified coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a massive health crisis worldwide and resulted in over 70\u00a0000 COVID-19 infections so far. Clinical drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed to decrease the high fatality rate of confirmed COVID-19 patients. Traditional de novo drug discovery needs more than 10\u2009years, so drug repurposing seems the best option currently to find potential drugs for treating COVID-19. Compared with traditional non-covalent drugs, covalent drugs have attracted escalating attention recent years due to their advantages in potential specificity upon careful design, efficiency and patient burden. We recently developed a computational protocol named as SCAR (steric-clashes alleviating receptors) for discovering covalent drugs. In this work, we used the SCAR protocol to identify possible covalent drugs (approved or clinically tested) targeting the main protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2. We identified 11 potential hits, among which at least six hits were exclusively enriched by the SCAR protocol. Since the preclinical or clinical information of these identified drugs is already available, they might be ready for being clinically tested in the treatment of COVID-19. senliu.ctgu@gmail.com."}, {"pmid": 32304631, "pmcid": "PMC7159863", "title": "COVID-19 and the coming epidemic in US immigration detention centres.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Meyer, Jaimie P", "Franco-Paredes, Carlos", "Parmar, Parveen", "Yasin, Faiza", "Gartland, Matthew"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304631", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378805, "pmcid": "PMC7267590", "title": "COVID-19 and toxicity from potential treatments: Panacea or poison.", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["Wong, Anselm"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378805", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been increasingly spreading from its origin in Wuhan, China to many countries around the world eventuating in morbidity and mortality affecting millions of people. This pandemic has proven to be a challenge given that there is no immediate cure, no vaccine is currently available and medications or treatments being used are still undergoing clinical trials. There have already been examples of self-medication and overdose. Clearly, there is a need to further define the efficacy of treatments used in the management of COVID-19. This evidence needs to be backed by large randomised-controlled clinical trials. In the meantime, there will no doubt be further off-label use of these medications by patients and practitioners and possibly related toxicity."}, {"pmid": 32283128, "pmcid": "PMC7151403", "title": "Should anti-diabetic medications be reconsidered amid COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Pal, Rimesh", "Bhadada, Sanjay K"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283128", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32083409, "title": "[Risk assessment of exported risk of COVID-19 from Hubei Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hu, J X", "He, G H", "Liu, T", "Xiao, J P", "Rong, Z H", "Guo, L C", "Zeng, W L", "Zhu, Z H", "Gong, D X", "Yin, L H", "Wan, D H", "Zeng, L L", "Ma, W J"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083409", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To evaluate the exported risk of COVID-19 from Hubei Province and the imported risk in various provinces across China. Methods: Data of reported COVID-19 cases and Baidu Migration Indexin all provinces of the country as of February 14, 2020 were collected. The correlation analysis between cumulative number of reported cases and the migration index from Hubei was performed, and the imported risks from Hubei to different provinces across China were further evaluated. Results: A total of 49 970 confirmed cases were reported nationwide, of which 37 884 were in Hubei Province. The average daily migration index from Hubei to other provinces was 312.09, Wuhan and other cities in Hubei were 117.95 and 194.16, respectively. The cumulative COVID-19 cases of provinces was positively correlated with the migration index derived from Hubei Province, also in Wuhan and other cities in Hubei, with correlation coefficients of 0.84, 0.84, and 0.81. In linear model, population migration from Hubei Province, Wuhan and other cities in Hubei account for 71.2%, 70.1%, and 66.3% of the variation, respectively. The period of high exported risk from Hubei occurred before January 27, of which the risks before January 23 mainly came from Wuhan, and then mainly from other cities in Hubei. Hunan Province, Henan Province and Guangdong Province ranked the top three in terms of cumulative imported risk (the cumulative risk indices were 58.61, 54.75 and 49.62 respectively). Conclusion: The epidemic in each province was mainly caused by the importation of Hubei Province. Taking measures such as restricting the migration of population in Hubei Province and strengthening quarantine measures for immigrants from Hubei Province may greatly reduce the risk of continued spread of the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32269063, "title": "Learning from Adversity: Lessons from the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Putman, Michael S", "Ruderman, Eric M"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269063", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348054, "title": "[Left behind populations, COVID-19 and risks of health inequities : a guide of the local social-health network (Vaud, Switzerland)].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Bodenmann, Patrick", "Pahud-Vermeulen, Brigitte", "Bouche, Laurence", "Sanchis Zozaya, Javier", "Bauermeister, Murielle", "Berzig, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348054", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Confederation has referred to \u00ab\u2005vulnerable populations\u2005\u00bb over the age of 65 and/or with co-morbidities as potentially at risk. This group should not overshadow other highly vulnerable populations such as forced migrants, people deprived of their liberty, and the homeless. In the context of the current pandemic, there is a risk of increasing inequities in care among these populations. In this practical article, we list the marginalized and disadvantaged left behind populations in the canton of Vaud and the issues of inequities in care in the context of the pandemic; we also present the implementation of procedures sometimes original, always inter-professional and interdisciplinary, specifying who the partners are and what the resources are for front-line caregivers."}, {"pmid": 32418793, "pmcid": "PMC7186210", "title": "An effective CTL peptide vaccine for Ebola Zaire Based on Survivors' CD8+ targeting of a particular nucleocapsid protein epitope with potential implications for COVID-19 vaccine design.", "journal": "Vaccine", "authors": ["Herst, C V", "Burkholz, S", "Sidney, J", "Sette, A", "Harris, P E", "Massey, S", "Brasel, T", "Cunha-Neto, E", "Rosa, D S", "Chao, W C H", "Carback, R", "Hodge, T", "Wang, L", "Ciotlos, S", "Lloyd, P", "Rubsamen, R"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418793", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2013-2016 West Africa EBOV epidemic was the biggest EBOV outbreak to date. An analysis of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity in 30 survivors showed that 26 of those individuals had a CD8+ response to at least one EBOV protein. The dominant response (25/26 subjects) was specific to the EBOV nucleocapsid protein (NP). It has been suggested that epitopes on the EBOV NP could form an important part of an effective T-cell vaccine for Ebola Zaire. We show that a 9-amino-acid peptide NP44-52 (YQVNNLEEI) located in a conserved region of EBOV NP provides protection against morbidity and mortality after mouse adapted EBOV challenge. A single vaccination in a C57BL/6 mouse using an adjuvanted microsphere peptide vaccine formulation containing NP44-52 is enough to confer immunity in mice. Our work suggests that a peptide vaccine based on CD8+ T-cell immunity in EBOV survivors is conceptually sound and feasible. Nucleocapsid proteins within SARS-CoV-2 contain multiple Class I epitopes with predicted HLA restrictions consistent with broad population coverage. A similar approach to a CTL vaccine design may be possible for that virus."}, {"pmid": 32278368, "pmcid": "PMC7146673", "title": "Challenges in lung cancer therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Calabro, Luana", "Peters, Solange", "Soria, Jean-Charles", "Di Giacomo, Anna Maria", "Barlesi, Fabrice", "Covre, Alessia", "Altomonte, Maresa", "Vegni, Virginia", "Gridelli, Cesare", "Reck, Martin", "Rizvi, Naiyer", "Maio, Michele"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278368", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468607, "title": "The role of head and neck cancer advocacy organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Yan, Flora", "Rauscher, Erika", "Hollinger, Amanda", "Caputo, Mary Ann", "Ready, John", "Fakhry, Carole", "Nathan, Cherie-Ann O", "Leonardis, Chris", "Yearout, Danielle", "Tsue, Terance T", "Day, Terry A", "Moore, Michael G"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on many aspects of head and neck cancer (HNC) care. The uncertainty and stress resulting from these changes has led many patients and caregivers to turn to HNC advocacy groups for guidance and support. Here we outline some of the issues being faced by patients with HNC during the current crisis and provide examples of programs being developed by advocacy groups to address them. We also highlight the increased utilization of these organizations that has been observed as well as some of the challenges being faced by these not-for-profit groups as they work to serve the head and neck community."}, {"pmid": 32242888, "title": "Addressing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Populations With Serious Mental Illness.", "journal": "JAMA Psychiatry", "authors": ["Druss, Benjamin G"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242888", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502542, "pmcid": "PMC7266583", "title": "The immune system and COVID-19: Friend or foe?", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh", "Hamblin, Michael R", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502542", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel highly contagious infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has been became a global public health challenge. The pathogenesis of this virus is not yet clearly understood, but there is evidence of a hyper-inflammatory immune response in critically ill patients, which leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure. A literature review was performed to identify relevant articles on COVID-19 published up to April 30, 2020. The search resulted in 361 total articles. After reviewing the titles and abstracts for inclusion, some irrelevant papers were excluded. Additional relevant articles were identified from a review of citations referenced. SARS-CoV-2, directly and indirectly, affects the immune system and avoids being eliminated in early stages. On the other hand, the secretion of inflammatory cytokines creates critical conditions that lead to multi-organ failure. The immune system which is affected by the virus tries to respond via a cytokine storm and hyperinflammation, which itself leads to further multi-organ damage and even death."}, {"pmid": 32162702, "pmcid": "PMC7228329", "title": "COVID-19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Long-Quan", "Huang, Tian", "Wang, Yong-Qing", "Wang, Zheng-Ping", "Liang, Yuan", "Huang, Tao-Bi", "Zhang, Hui-Yun", "Sun, Weiming", "Wang, Yuping"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162702", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical data, discharge rate, and fatality rate of COVID-19 patients for clinical help. The clinical data of COVID-19 patients from December 2019 to February 2020 were retrieved from four databases. We statistically analyzed the clinical symptoms and laboratory results of COVID-19 patients and explained the discharge rate and fatality rate with a single-arm meta-analysis. The available data of 1994 patients in 10 literatures were included in our study. The main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients were fever (88.5%), cough (68.6%), myalgia or fatigue (35.8%), expectoration (28.2%), and dyspnea (21.9%). Minor symptoms include headache or dizziness (12.1%), diarrhea (4.8%), nausea and vomiting (3.9%). The results of the laboratory showed that the lymphocytopenia (64.5%), increase of C-reactive protein (44.3%), increase of lactic dehydrogenase (28.3%), and leukocytopenia (29.4%) were more common. The results of single-arm meta-analysis showed that the male took a larger percentage in the gender distribution of COVID-19 patients 60% (95% CI [0.54, 0.65]), the discharge rate of COVID-19 patients was 52% (95% CI [0.34,0.70]), and the fatality rate was 5% (95% CI [0.01,0.11])."}, {"pmid": 32495580, "title": "[Pharmacovigilance study on drug-induced cardiac injury during treatment of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Dan", "Lyu, Jin-Tao", "Zhang, Bing", "Zhang, Xiao-Meng", "Lin, Zhi-Jian"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495580", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Because coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is highly contagious and serious, it has posed a major threat to public health worldwide. The curative effects of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the treatment of COVID-19 have been widely recognized and confirmed. However, medical workers shall pay attention to drug-induced heart injury in clinical application. Based on the guideline from the Diagnosis and Treatment Plans for COVID-19(trial seventh edition), taking the recommended drugs as examples, by Western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese herbal injection and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, the study analyzed the basic characteristics of recommended drugs for cardiac injury by means of literature review and bioinformatics methods, and summarized cardiac adverse reactions, toxicity mechanisms, combined pharmacotherapy, special population and drug monitoring, focusing on the clinical manifestations, toxic components, targets and regulatory mechanisms of drug-induced cardiac injury. The findings suggested being vigilant to drug-induced cardiac injury during the treatment of COVID-19, playing the advantages of clinical pharmacists and clinical Chinese pharmacists, improving the knowledge reserve of pharmacovigilance, strengthening the prescription review, medication notification and medication monitoring, promoting rational drug use and paying attention to special populations and high-risk groups. The study aims to provide suggestions and reference for pharmacovigilance and pharmaceutical care for front-line doctors and pharmacists against COVID-19, in order to avoid the occurrence of drug-induced heart injury for patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32494836, "pmcid": "PMC7269422", "title": "The psycho-emotional impact of COVID-19 on surgical staff working in emergency departments.", "journal": "Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Karampelias, Vasileios", "Karonis, Dimitris", "Psaroudi, Varvara"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494836", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354654, "pmcid": "PMC7184016", "title": "Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) presenting as conjunctivitis: atypically high-risk during a pandemic.", "journal": "Cont Lens Anterior Eye", "authors": ["Khavandi, Siamak", "Tabibzadeh, Elsa", "Naderan, Mohammad", "Shoar, Saeed"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354654", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32160684, "title": "Audio Interview: Making Decisions about Covid-19 Testing and Treatment for Your Patients.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160684", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528619, "pmcid": "PMC7268909", "title": "Leveraging polymerase chain reaction technique (GeneXpert) to upscaling testing capacity for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Nigeria: a game changer.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Oladimeji, Olanrewaju", "Atiba, Bamidele Paul", "Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528619", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420950, "title": "The medical concerns of patients with thalassemias at the time of COVID-19 outbreak: The personal experience and the international recommendations.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Canatan, Duran", "De Sanctis, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "."}, {"pmid": 32427279, "title": "Early Short Course Corticosteroids in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Fadel, Raef", "Morrison, Austin R", "Vahia, Amit", "Smith, Zachary R", "Chaudhry, Zohra", "Bhargava, Pallavi", "Miller, Joseph", "Kenney, Rachel M", "Alangaden, George", "Ramesh, Mayur S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427279", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is no proven antiviral or immunomodulatory therapy for COVID-19. The disease progression associated with the pro-inflammatory host response prompted us to examine the role of early corticosteroid therapy in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. We conducted a single pre-test, single post-test quasi-experiment in a multi-center health system in Michigan from March 12 to March 27, 2020. Adult patients with confirmed moderate to severe COVID were included.\u00a0A protocol was implemented on March 20, 2020 using early, short-course, methylprednisolone 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day divided in 2 intravenous doses for 3 days. Outcomes of standard of care (SOC) and early corticosteroid groups were evaluated, with a primary composite endpoint of escalation of care from ward to ICU, new requirement for mechanical ventilation, and mortality. All patients had at least 14 days of follow-up. We analyzed 213 eligible subjects, 81 (38%) and 132 (62%) in SOC and early corticosteroid groups, respectively.The composite endpoint occurred at a significantly lower rate in the early corticosteroid group (34.9% vs. 54.3%, p=0.005). This treatment effect was observed within each individual component of the composite endpoint. Significant reduction in median hospital length of stay was also observed in the early corticosteroid group (8 vs. 5 days, p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated an independent reduction in the composite endpoint at 14-days controlling for other factors (aOR: 0.41; 95% CI [0.22 - 0.77]). An early short course of methylprednisolone in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 reduced escalation of care and improved clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32175070, "pmcid": "PMC7050214", "title": "Positive Screening for Wuhan Novel Coronavirus Infection at International Airport: What's the Final Diagnosis for Positive Cases.", "journal": "Int J Prev Med", "authors": ["Sriwijitalai, Won", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175070", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335611, "title": "Hospital Preparedness for Outbreak at Patan Hospital: Lesson Learnt from COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nepal Health Res Counc", "authors": ["Shrestha, Ashis", "Rajbhandari, Piyush", "Bajracharya, Sumana"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335611", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patan Academy of Health Sciences started preparedness for COVID-19 in response to increasing number of patient in neighboring country. Outbreak preparedness in resource limited setup is challenging. Despite this, preparedness was done in reference to WHO interim guidance utilizing best available resources. During this preparedness, one patient was isolated as suspected COVID-19. This paper presents level of preparedness achieved with the limited resources and the lesson learned while isolating the patient. Keywords: COVID-19; Disaster; hospital preparedness."}, {"pmid": 32518634, "pmcid": "PMC7255895", "title": "Lithium and coronaviral infections. A scoping review.", "journal": "F1000Res", "authors": ["Nowak, Jan K", "Walkowiak, Jaroslaw"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518634", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) calls for a rapid response from the research community. Lithium is widely used to treat bipolar disorder, but has been shown to exhibit antiviral activity. This brief review took a systematic approach to identify six in vitro studies reporting on the influence of lithium on coronaviral infections. We propose mechanistic investigation of the influence of lithium - alone and with chloroquine - on the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32478971, "title": "Psoriatic Arthritis and COVID-19 Pandemic: Consequences in Medical Treatment?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Wollina, Uwe", "Fioranelli, Massimo", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Lotti, Torello"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478971", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has a strong negative impact on human society world-wide. Patients with immune-mediated disease may be prone to an increased risk of infection and/ or more severe course. We review the available data for patients with psoriatic arthritis (PSA) and systemic treatments. Current treatment options are summarized. Based upon the experience with COVID-19 the following problems are addressed: (a) Can systemic treatment reduce comorbidities of PsA that are also comorbidities for COVID-19? Does systemic medical treatment pose an increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2? Does systemic drug therapy have an impact on the risk of pulmonary fibrosis - a factor with strong negative impact on COVID-19 outcome? Small molecules, inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor alfa, interleukin and JAK inhibitors are considered. The data are inhomogeneous for the multiple drugs used in PsA. Although the risk for severe upper airway tract infections during clinical controlled trials was mostly in the range of placebo, these data have been obtained before the COVID-19 pandemic and should be interpreted with caution. Some biologics demonstrated an anti-fibrotic activity in vitro and in animal disease models. None of the biologics is indicated during an active infection with fever. In non-symptomatic PsA patients, systemic drug therapy can be continued. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32392627, "title": "Reply to Wachholz and Jacinto.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["D'Adamo, Heather", "Yoshikawa, Thomas", "Ouslander, Joseph G"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392627", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255567, "pmcid": "PMC7262336", "title": "Informing emergency care for COVID-19 patients: The COVID-19 Emergency Department Quality Improvement Project protocol.", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["O'Reilly, Gerard M", "Mitchell, Rob D", "Noonan, Michael P", "Hiller, Ryan", "Mitra, Biswadev", "Brichko, Lisa", "Luckhoff, Carl", "Paton, Andrew", "Smit, De Villiers", "Santamaria, Mark J", "Cameron, Peter A"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255567", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an urgency to support Australian ED clinicians with real-time tools as the COVID-19 pandemic evolves. The COVID-19 Emergency Department (COVED) Quality Improvement Project has commenced and will provide flexible and responsive clinical tools to determine the predictors of key ED-relevant clinical outcomes. The COVED Project includes all adult patients presenting to a participating ED and meeting contemporary testing criteria for COVID-19. The dataset has been embedded in the electronic medical record and the COVED Registry has been developed. Outcomes measured include being COVID-19 positive and requiring intensive respiratory support. Regression methodology will be used to generate clinical prediction tools. This project will support EDs during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32243270, "pmcid": "PMC7176266", "title": "Potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19: What we know so far.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Lu, Chih-Chia", "Chen, Mei-Yu", "Lee, Wan-Shin", "Chang, Yuh-Lih"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243270", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 continues to spread all over the world. Agents or vaccines of proven efficacy to treat or prevent human coronavirus infection are in urgent need and are being investigated vigorously worldwide. This review summarizes the current evidence of potential therapeutic agents, such as lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, interferon, ribavirin, tocilizumab, and sarilumab. More clinical trials are being conducted for further confirmation of the efficacy and safety of these agents in treating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32265372, "pmcid": "PMC7176259", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Critically Ill Children: A Narrative Review of the Literature.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Ong, Jacqueline S M", "Tosoni, Alvise", "Kim, YaeJean", "Kissoon, Niranjan", "Murthy, Srinivas"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265372", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 has spread around the world. In the 3 months since its emergence, we have learned a great deal about its clinical management and its relevance to the pediatric critical care provider. In this article, we review the available literature and provide valuable insight into the clinical management of this disease, as well as information on preparedness activities that every PICU should perform."}, {"pmid": 32333823, "pmcid": "PMC7267551", "title": "Expert recommendations for the management of autoimmune bullous diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Kasperkiewicz, M", "Schmidt, E", "Fairley, J A", "Joly, P", "Payne, A S", "Yale, M L", "Zillikens, D", "Woodley, D T"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333823", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348025, "pmcid": "PMC7267564", "title": "Skull base surgery during the Covid-19 pandemic: The Italian skull base society recommendations.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Castelnuovo, Paolo", "Turri-Zanoni, Mario", "Karligkiotis, Apostolos", "Battaglia, Paolo", "Pozzi, Fabio", "Locatelli, Davide on behalf of the Italian Skull Base Society Board", "Bernucci, Claudio", "Iacoangeli, Maurizio", "Krengli, Marco", "Marchetti, Marcello", "Pareschi, Roberto", "Pompucci, Angelo", "Rabbiosi, Dimitri"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348025", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), is highly contagious with devastating impacts for healthcare systems worldwide. Medical staff are at high risk of viral contamination and it is imperative to know what personal protective equipment is appropriate for each situation. Furthermore, elective clinics and operations have been reduced in order to mobilize manpower to the acute specialties combatting the outbreak; appropriate differentiation between patients who require immediate care and those who can receive telephone consultation or whose treatment might viably be postponed is therefore crucial. Italy was one of the earliest and hardest-hit European countries and therefore the Italian Skull Base Society board has promulgated specific recommendations based on consensus best practices and the literature, where available. Only urgent surgical operations are recommended and all patients should be tested at least twice (on days 4 and 2 prior to surgery). For positive patients, procedures should be postponed until after swab test negativization. If the procedure is vital to the survival of the patient, FFP3 and/or PAPRs devices, goggles, full-face visor, double gloves, water-resistant gowns and protective caps, are mandatory. For negative patients, use of at least FFP2 mask is recommended. In all cases the use of drills, which promote the aerosolization of potentially infected mucous particles, should be avoided. Given the potential neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2, dura handling should be minimized. It is only through widely-agreed protocols and teamwork that we will be able to deal with the evolving and complex implications of this new pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32530779, "title": "Prevention of skin damage caused by the protective equipment used to mitigate COVID-19.", "journal": "J Wound Care", "authors": ["Gefen, Amit", "Ousey, Karen"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530779", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398883, "pmcid": "PMC7214311", "title": "The COVID-19 Virtual Idea Blitz: Marshaling social entrepreneurship to rapidly respond to urgent grand challenges.", "journal": "Bus Horiz", "authors": ["Bacq, Sophie", "Geoghegan, Will", "Josefy, Matthew", "Stevenson, Regan", "Williams, Trenton A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398883", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to societal grand challenges, professors have unique opportunities to effect change, repurposing their expertise to deploy relevant, timely, practical, and research-backed knowledge for the betterment of communities. Drawing on scholarship on postcrisis organizing, the entrepreneurial hustle, and social entrepreneurship, we provide a firsthand, real-time case description of a three-day \"virtual idea blitz\" organized in response to the COVID-19 crisis. The event was organized and executed in less than a week and ultimately involved 200 individuals, including entrepreneurs, coders, medical doctors, venture capitalists, industry professionals, students, and professors from around the world. By the end of the weekend, 21 ideas with corresponding pitches were developed in five thematic areas: health needs, education, small businesses, community, and purchasing. We describe how the community was rapidly rallied, and we discuss the key learning outcomes of this spontaneous entrepreneurial endeavor. We provide evidence from participants and mentors that showcases the value of the time-compressed virtual idea blitz in accelerating social entrepreneurial action. We offer practical guidance to academic, community, and professional institutions that would like to replicate or build upon our approach to stimulate the formation of community-based and coordinating efforts to thwart the ongoing threat of COVID-19, as well as other societal challenges that might emerge in the future."}, {"pmid": 32275292, "title": "The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing: The Need for Prevention and Early Intervention.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Galea, Sandro", "Merchant, Raina M", "Lurie, Nicole"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275292", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410789, "pmcid": "PMC7220588", "title": "Surgeon and Preparedness for COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Surg", "authors": ["Yasri, Sora", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410789", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32228035, "pmcid": "PMC7233352", "title": "COVID-19 Does Not Lead to a \"Typical\" Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Gattinoni, Luciano", "Coppola, Silvia", "Cressoni, Massimo", "Busana, Mattia", "Rossi, Sandra", "Chiumello, Davide"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228035", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267928, "pmcid": "PMC7184478", "title": "Rapid design and implementation of an integrated patient self-triage and self-scheduling tool for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Judson, Timothy J", "Odisho, Anobel Y", "Neinstein, Aaron B", "Chao, Jessica", "Williams, Aimee", "Miller, Christopher", "Moriarty, Tim", "Gleason, Nathaniel", "Intinarelli, Gina", "Gonzales, Ralph"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267928", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To rapidly deploy a digital patient-facing self-triage and self-scheduling tool in a large academic health system to address the COVID-19 pandemic. We created a patient portal-based COVID-19 self-triage and self-scheduling tool and made it available to all primary care patients at the University of California, San Francisco Health, a large academic health system. Asymptomatic patients were asked about exposure history and were then provided relevant information. Symptomatic patients were triaged into 1 of 4 categories-emergent, urgent, nonurgent, or self-care-and then connected with the appropriate level of care via direct scheduling or telephone hotline. This self-triage and self-scheduling tool was designed and implemented in under 2 weeks. During the first 16 days of use, it was completed 1129 times by 950 unique patients. Of completed sessions, 315 (28%) were by asymptomatic patients, and 814 (72%) were by symptomatic patients. Symptomatic patient triage dispositions were as follows: 193 emergent (24%), 193 urgent (24%), 99 nonurgent (12%), 329 self-care (40%). Sensitivity for detecting emergency-level care was 87.5% (95% CI 61.7-98.5%). This self-triage and self-scheduling tool has been widely used by patients and is being rapidly expanded to other populations and health systems. The tool has recommended emergency-level care with high sensitivity, and decreased triage time for patients with less severe illness. The data suggests it also prevents unnecessary triage messages, phone calls, and in-person visits. Patient self-triage tools integrated into electronic health record systems have the potential to greatly improve triage efficiency and prevent unnecessary visits during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32421858, "title": "High-Stakes Remote-Access Open-Book Examinations.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Sam, Amir H", "Reid, Michael D", "Amin, Anjali"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421858", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented challenges in medical school assessments. Final year high-stakes assessments have classically used closed book examinations (CBEs). Alternative methods of assessment such as open book examinations (OBEs) are emerging but are not routinely used in final year medical school exams. OBEs encourage the use of problem-solving skills more akin to those used in real-life. There is currently limited data comparing OBEs with CBEs. A systematic review showed there was insufficient evidence to support the exclusive use of either CBEs or OBEs in assessment, however the studies conducted to date have rarely looked at high-stakes assessments due to concerns about the validity of OBEs1 ."}, {"pmid": 32404622, "title": "Considerations for Pediatric Craniofacial Surgeons During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "J Craniofac Surg", "authors": ["Schoenbrunner, Anna", "Sarac, Benjamin", "Gosman, Amanda", "Janis, Jeffrey E"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404622", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472325, "pmcid": "PMC7260125", "title": "The role of a Coronavirus disease 2019 pharmacist: an Australian perspective.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharm", "authors": ["Nguy, Jenny", "Hitchen, Sarah A", "Hort, Adam L", "Huynh, Cindy", "Rawlins, Matthew D M"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472325", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly impacted healthcare services around the world. Pharmacists are front-line healthcare professionals and integral members of the healthcare team. The deployment of a specialized 'COVID pharmacist' within our institution has demonstrated that the skills of the pharmacist can be adapted, expanded and utilized to alleviate the pressure of doctor shortages, reduce healthcare worker exposure to infected patients, contribute to therapeutic decisions and work collaboratively to tackle the challenges faced during this pandemic. This commentary details an Australian hospital pharmacy response to the COVID-19 pandemic, describing the unique clinical and practical contributions made by a specialized COVID pharmacist in our institution."}, {"pmid": 32360604, "pmcid": "PMC7189841", "title": "Depression, dependence and prices of the COVID-19-Crisis.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Frank, Andreas", "Fatke, Bastian", "Frank, Wolfgang", "Forstl, Hans", "Holzle, Patricia"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360604", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278373, "pmcid": "PMC7146712", "title": "Regulators split on antimalarials for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Jaffe, Susan"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278373", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484123, "title": "Could COVID-19 improve psychiatric awareness at the heart of the Middle East? - A personal reflection on Bahrain's response.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Maher Negm, H"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484123", "countries": ["Bahrain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This perspective offers a personal insight into COVID-19 in Bahrain along with the response to this unprecented pandemic. In a country where a robust health care system and economic prosperity have allowed it to cope with the medical sequelae, the mental health consequences may have been less anticipated but more problematic. An unforeseen positive emerging from the pandemic might be the nation's recognition of the importance of mental health wellbeing and a new openness to discussing it."}, {"pmid": 32527915, "title": "Graduating in lockdown.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527915", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fabian Rivers, recent graduate rep on BVA Council, spares a thought for those graduating during the Covid-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32379056, "pmcid": "PMC7244023", "title": "Modified management mode for colorectal cancer during COVID-19 outbreak - a single-center experience.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Zhu, Dexiang", "Wu, Qi", "Lin, Qi", "Wei, Ye"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379056", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the epidemic of COVID-19, the management model of colorectal cancer has to be changed at our center due to relatively limited medical resources. Outpatient visits are reduced under well protected after appointment, and rigorous investigation of epidemiological history and clinical symptoms are needed. We prefer a simple and convenient treatment regimen, which may also be postponed appropriately. Minimally invasive CRC surgery combined with a perioperative program of enhanced recovery after surgery should be recommended. We also focus on mental health treatments and healthy lifestyle education. In addition, routine follow-up can be moderately delayed. In total, adequate doctor-patient communication is also recommended throughout the treatment."}, {"pmid": 32339257, "pmcid": "PMC7267351", "title": "Acute pancreatitis in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Anand, E R", "Major, C", "Pickering, O", "Nelson, M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339257", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416365, "pmcid": "PMC7199727", "title": "Occurrence of pulmonary embolism in a patient with mild clinical expression of COVID-19.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Vitali, Claudio", "Minniti, Antonina", "Caporali, Roberto", "Del Papa, Nicoletta"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416365", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424886, "title": "The management of the outbreak of acral skin manifestations in asymptomatic children during COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Mastrolonardo, Mario", "Romita, Paolo", "Bonifazi, Ernesto", "Giuffrida, Roberta", "Lotti, Torello", "Foti, Caterina", "Bonamonte, Domenico"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424886", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445682, "pmcid": "PMC7239613", "title": "COVID-19: overcoming the challenges faced by individuals with autism and their families.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Eshraghi, Adrien A", "Li, Crystal", "Alessandri, Michael", "Messinger, Daniel S", "Eshraghi, Rebecca S", "Mittal, Rahul", "Armstrong, F Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445682", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468286, "title": "Education in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Radiol", "authors": ["Bloom, David Adam", "Reid, Janet R", "Cassady, Christopher I"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468286", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389117, "title": "A Viewpoint on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Anti-Hypertensives and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Infect Disord Drug Targets", "authors": ["Mali, Suraj N", "Thorat, Bapu R", "Chopade, Atul R"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389117", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270359, "pmcid": "PMC7141930", "title": "Acute stroke management pathway during Coronavirus-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Baracchini, Claudio", "Pieroni, Alessio", "Viaro, Federica", "Cianci, Vito", "Cattelan, Anna M", "Tiberio, Ivo", "Munari, Marina", "Causin, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270359", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic which in our region, Veneto (Italy), dates back to February, we were confronted with several challenges, but with a constant aim of keeping our Stroke Unit COVID-free. For this reason, in addition to creating a dedicated hot-spot as a pre-triage just outside the Emergency Department, together with the Neuroradiology Unit we obtained a mobile CT unit that could be used by COVID-positive or COVID-suspected patients. Furthermore, thanks to the collaboration with colleagues from different specialties (Infectious Disease, Internal Medicine, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine), dedicated areas for COVID patients were activated. This led to a substantial change of our acute stoke management pathway. As the number of COVID patients increased, and the WHO declared a state of pandemic, this new stroke pathway has been fully tested. We would like to share our experience and send a clear message to keep a high attention on stroke as an emergency condition, because we have observed a decreased number of patients with minor strokes and TIAs, longer onset-to-door and door-to-treatment times for major strokes, and a reduced number of transfers from spokes. We strongly believe that the general population and family doctors are rightly focused on COVID. However, to remain at home with stroke symptoms does not mean to \"stay safe at home\"."}, {"pmid": 32349121, "title": "Massively multiplexed nucleic acid detection with Cas13.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ackerman, Cheri M", "Myhrvold, Cameron", "Thakku, Sri Gowtham", "Freije, Catherine A", "Metsky, Hayden C", "Yang, David K", "Ye, Simon H", "Boehm, Chloe K", "Kosoko-Thoroddsen, Tinna-Solveig F", "Kehe, Jared", "Nguyen, Tien G", "Carter, Amber", "Kulesa, Anthony", "Barnes, John R", "Dugan, Vivien G", "Hung, Deborah T", "Blainey, Paul C", "Sabeti, Pardis C"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349121", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The great majority of globally circulating pathogens go undetected, undermining patient care and hindering outbreak preparedness and response. To enable routine surveillance and comprehensive diagnostic applications, there is a need for detection technologies that can scale to test many samples1-3 while simultaneously testing for many pathogens4-6. Here, we develop Combinatorial Arrayed Reactions for Multiplexed Evaluation of Nucleic acids (CARMEN), a platform for scalable, multiplexed pathogen detection. In the CARMEN platform, nanolitre droplets containing CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection reagents7 self-organize in a microwell array8 to pair with droplets of amplified samples, testing each sample against each CRISPR RNA (crRNA) in replicate. The combination of CARMEN and Cas13 detection (CARMEN-Cas13) enables robust testing of more than 4,500 crRNA-target pairs on a single array. Using CARMEN-Cas13, we developed a multiplexed assay that simultaneously differentiates all 169 human-associated viruses with at least 10 published genome sequences and rapidly incorporated an additional crRNA to detect the causative agent of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. CARMEN-Cas13 further enables comprehensive subtyping of influenza A strains and multiplexed identification of dozens of HIV drug-resistance mutations. The intrinsic multiplexing and throughput capabilities of CARMEN make it practical to scale, as miniaturization decreases reagent cost per test by more than 300-fold. Scalable, highly multiplexed CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection shifts diagnostic and surveillance efforts from targeted testing of high-priority samples to comprehensive testing of large sample sets, greatly benefiting patients and public health9-11."}, {"pmid": 32315805, "pmcid": "PMC7166009", "title": "[Breast cancer management during the COVID 19 pandemic: the CNGOF takes action].", "journal": "Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol", "authors": ["Mathelin, Carole", "Nisand, Israel"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315805", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426529, "pmcid": "PMC7228662", "title": "Impact of shelter-in-place order for COVID-19 on trauma activations: Santa Clara County, California, March 2020.", "journal": "Trauma Surg Acute Care Open", "authors": ["Forrester, Joseph D", "Liou, Raymond", "Knowlton, Lisa M", "Jou, Ronald M", "Spain, David A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426529", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The shelter-in-place order for Santa Clara County, California on 16 March was the first of its kind in the USA. It was unknown what impact this order would have on trauma activations. We performed a retrospective analysis of institutional trauma registries among the two American College of Surgeons Level 1 trauma centers serving Santa Clara County, California. Trauma activation volumes at the trauma centers from January to March 2020 were compared with month-matched historical cohorts from 2018 to 2019. Only 81 (3%) patients were trauma activations at the trauma centers in the 15 days after the shelter-in-place order went into effect on 16 March 2020, compared with 389 activations during the same time period in 2018 and 2019 (p<0.0001). There were no other statistically significant changes to the epidemiology of trauma activations. Only one trauma activation had a positive COVID-19 test. Overall trauma activations decreased 4.8-fold after the shelter-in-place order went into effect in Santa Clara County on 16 March 2020, with no other effect on the epidemiology of persons presenting after traumatic injury. Shelter-in-place orders may reduce strain on healthcare systems by diminishing hospital admissions from trauma, in addition to reducing virus transmission."}, {"pmid": 32403189, "title": "Rapid transition to online assessment: Practical steps and unanticipated advantages.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Mooney, Christopher J", "Peyre, Sarah E", "Clark, Nancy S", "Nofziger, Anne C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403189", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363936, "title": "You can't save a COVID-19 patient with nuclear arms.", "journal": "Med Confl Surviv", "authors": ["Fihn, Beatrice", "Sanders-Zakre, Alicia"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363936", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259192, "pmcid": "PMC7139509", "title": "US Public Concerns About the COVID-19 Pandemic From Results of a Survey Given via Social Media.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Nelson, Lorene M", "Simard, Julia F", "Oluyomi, Abiodun", "Nava, Vanessa", "Rosas, Lisa G", "Bondy, Melissa", "Linos, Eleni"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259192", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212942, "title": "Another Day in Dystopia. Italy in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Anthropol", "authors": ["Raffaeta, Roberta"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212942", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415314, "pmcid": "PMC7225398", "title": "Understanding pathophysiology of hemostasis disorders in critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Joly, Berangere S", "Siguret, Virginie", "Veyradier, Agnes"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415314", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470164, "title": "Estimation of the basic reproduction number, average incubation time, asymptomatic infection rate, and case fatality rate for COVID-19: Meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["He, Wenqing", "Yi, Grace Y", "Zhu, Yayuan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470164", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been found to be caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, comprehensive knowledge of COVID-19 remains incomplete and many important features are still unknown. This manuscript conducts a meta-analysis and a sensitivity study to answer the questions: What is the basic reproduction number? How long is the incubation time of the disease on average? What portion of infections are asymptomatic? And ultimately, what is the case fatality rate? Our studies estimate the basic reproduction number to be 3.15 with the 95% CI (2.41-3.90), the average incubation time to be 5.08 days with the 95% CI (4.77-5.39) (in day), the asymptomatic infection rate to be 46% with the 95% CI (18.48%-73.60%), and the case fatality rate to be 2.72% with 95% CI (1.29%-4.16%) where asymptomatic infections are accounted for."}, {"pmid": 32438464, "pmcid": "PMC7267077", "title": "COVID-19 and liver transplantation: Lessons learned from three reported cases.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gao, Feng", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Gu, Jin-Yang", "George, Jacob", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438464", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515033, "title": "Severity and risk of COVID-19 in cancer patients: An evidence based learning.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Sharma, Akanksha", "Malviya, Rishabha", "Kumar, Vinod", "Gupta, Ramji", "Awasthi, Rajendra"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515033", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The immune system of cancer patient gets compromised because of cancer therapy, surgery and malignancy and thus the probability of infection are increased than the general patients. Immunosuppression can expose cancer patients to serious complications which can lead to delay in diagnosis and unnecessary hospitalizations that may adversely affect the prognosis of the disease. Patients who received chemotherapy or surgery within the 30\u2009days before COVID-19 pandemic have more risk of infection than the patients who had not undergone chemotherapy or surgery. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32439816, "title": "SARS-CoV-2-Induced Kawasaki-Like Hyperinflammatory Syndrome: A Novel COVID Phenotype in Children.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Licciardi, Francesco", "Pruccoli, Giulia", "Denina, Marco", "Parodi, Emilia", "Taglietto, Manuela", "Rosati, Sergio", "Montin, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439816", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224276, "pmcid": "PMC7195559", "title": "Ethical outpatient dermatology care during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Pathoulas, James T", "Stoff, Benjamin K", "Lee, Kachiu C", "Farah, Ronda S"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224276", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32149773, "pmcid": "PMC7147272", "title": "Effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019: protocol of a randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Qin, Yuan-Yuan", "Zhou, Yi-Hong", "Lu, Yan-Qiu", "Sun, Feng", "Yang, Sen", "Harypursat, Vijay", "Chen, Yao-Kai"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149773", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus outbreak causative organism has been subsequently designated the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The effectiveness of adjunctive glucocorticoid therapy in the management of 2019-nCoV-infected patients with severe lower respiratory tract infections is not clear, and warrants further investigation. The present study will be conducted as an open-labeled, randomized, controlled trial. We will enrol 48 subjects from Chongqing Public Health Medical Center. Each eligible subject will be assigned to an intervention group (methylprednisolone via intravenous injection at a dose of 1-2 mg/kg/day for 3 days) or a control group (no glucocorticoid use) randomly, at a 1:1 ratio. Subjects in both groups will be invited for 28 days of follow-up which will be scheduled at four consecutive visit points. We will use the clinical improvement rate as our primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints include the timing of clinical improvement after intervention, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of hospitalization, overall incidence of adverse events, as well as rate of adverse events at each visit, and mortality at 2 and 4 weeks. The present coronavirus outbreak is the third serious global coronavirus outbreak in the past two decades. Oral and parenteral glucocorticoids have been used in the management of severe respiratory symptoms in coronavirus-infected patients in the past. However, there remains no definitive evidence in the literature for or against the utilization of systemic glucocorticoids in seriously ill patients with coronavirus-related severe respiratory disease, or indeed in other types of severe respiratory disease. In this study, we hope to discover evidence either supporting or opposing the systemic therapeutic administration of glucocorticoids in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019. ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR2000029386, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=48777."}, {"pmid": 32395544, "pmcid": "PMC7210117", "title": "A quality evaluation of guidelines on five different viruses causing public health emergencies of international concern.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Zhao, Siya", "Cao, Jin", "Shi, Qianling", "Wang, Zijun", "Estill, Janne", "Lu, Shuya", "Luo, Xufei", "Zhao, Junxian", "Zhang, Hairong", "Wang, Jianjian", "Wang, Qi", "Xun, Yangqin", "Zhang, Jingyi", "Lv, Meng", "Liu, Yunlan", "Nie, Xiaomin", "Wang, Ling", "Zhang, Xianzhuo", "Li, Weiguo", "Liu, Enmei", "Wang, Xiaohui", "Chen, Yaolong"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395544", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This project aims to evaluate the methods and reporting quality of practice guidelines of five different viruses that have caused Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEIC) over 20 past years: the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Ebola virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Zika virus and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We systematically searched databases, guideline websites and government health agency websites from their inception to February 02, 2020 to extract practice guidelines for SARS-CoV, Ebola virus, MERS-CoV, Zika virus, SARS-CoV-2 and the diseases they caused. The literature was screened independently by four researchers. Then, fifteen researchers evaluated the quality of included guidelines using the AGREE-II (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II, for methodological quality) instrument and RIGHT (Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in Healthcare, for reporting quality) statement. Finally, a total of 81 guidelines were included, including 21 SARS-CoV guidelines, 11 Ebola virus (EBOV) guidelines, 9 MERS-CoV guidelines, 10 Zika Virus guidelines and 30 SARS-CoV-2 guidelines. The evaluation of the methodological quality indicated that the mean scores of each domain for guidelines of each virus were all below 60%, the scores for guidelines in the domains of \"clarity of presentation\" being the highest and in the \"editorial independence\" lowest. The mean reporting rate of each domain for guidelines of each virus was also less than 60%: the reporting rates for the domain \"background\" were highest, and for the domain \"funding and interests\" lowest. The methodological and reporting quality of the practice guidelines for SARS-CoV, Ebola virus, MERS-CoV, Zika virus and SARS-CoV-2 guidelines tend to be low. We recommend to follow evidence-based methodology and the RIGHT statement on reporting when developing guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32425648, "pmcid": "PMC7233230", "title": "A preliminary study on serological assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 238 admitted hospital patients.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Lei", "Liu, Wanbing", "Zheng, Yaqiong", "Jiang, Xiaojing", "Kou, Guomei", "Ding, Jinya", "Wang, Qiongshu", "Huang, Qianchuan", "Ding, Yinjuan", "Ni, Wenxu", "Wu, Wanlei", "Tang, Shi", "Tan, Li", "Hu, Zhenhong", "Xu, Weitian", "Zhang, Yong", "Zhang, Bo", "Tang, Zhongzhi", "Zhang, Xinhua", "Li, Honghua", "Rao, Zhiguo", "Jiang, Hui", "Ren, Xingfeng", "Wang, Shengdian", "Zheng, Shangen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425648", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of serological assay for SARS-CoV-2. A newly-developed ELISA assay for IgM and IgG antibodies against N protein of SARS-CoV-2 was used to screen the serums of 238 admitted hospital patients between February 6 and February 14, 2020 with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected on pharyngeal swab specimens using real time RT-PCR. 194 (81.5%) of the serums were detected to be antibody (IgM and/or IgG) positive, significantly higher than the positive rate of viral RNA (64.3%). There was no difference in the positive rate of antibodies between the confirmed patients (83.0%, 127/153) and the suspected patients (78.8%, 67/85), whose nucleic acid tests were negative. The antibody positive rates were very low in the first five days after initial onset of symptoms, and then rapidly increased as the disease progressed. After 10 days, the antibody positive rates jumped from below 50% to over 80%. However, the positive rates of viral RNA maintained above 60% in the first 11 days after initial onset of symptoms, and then rapidly decreased. Overall, the suspected patients were most likely infected by SARS-CoV-2. Before the 11th day after initial onset of symptoms, nucleic acid test is key for confirmation of viral infection. The combination of serological assay can greatly improve the diagnostic efficacy. After the 11th day post-disease onset, the diagnosis for viral infection should be majorly dependent on serological assay."}, {"pmid": 32335334, "pmcid": "PMC7180377", "title": "Emerging genetic diversity among clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2: Lessons for today.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Sheikh, Javaid Ahmad", "Singh, Jasdeep", "Singh, Hina", "Jamal, Salma", "Khubaib, Mohd", "Kohli, Sunil", "Dobrindt, Ulrich", "Rahman, Syed Asad", "Ehtesham, Nasreen Zafar", "Hasnain, Seyed Ehtesham"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335334", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Considering the current pandemic of COVID-19, it is imperative to gauge the role of molecular divergence in SARS-CoV-2 with time, due to clinical and epidemiological concerns. Our analyses involving molecular phylogenetics is a step toward understanding the transmission clusters that can be correlated to pathophysiology of the disease to gain insight into virulence mechanism. As the infections are increasing rapidly, more divergence is expected followed possibly by viral adaptation. We could identify mutational hotspots which appear to be major drivers of diversity among strains, with RBD of spike protein emerging as the key region involved in interaction with ACE2 and consequently a major determinant of infection outcome. We believe that such molecular analyses correlated with clinical characteristics and host predisposition need to be evaluated at the earliest to understand viral adaptability, disease prognosis, and transmission dynamics."}, {"pmid": 32313160, "title": "Finding motivation in the lighter side of science.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ivancevic, Atma"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313160", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470174, "title": "Higher prevalence of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 in children, claims and clues.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Miri, Seyed Mohammad", "Noorbakhsh, Farshid", "Mohebbi, Seyed Reza", "Ghaemi, Amir"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470174", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460624, "title": "The amount of cytokine-release defines different shades of Sars-Cov2 infection.", "journal": "Exp Biol Med (Maywood)", "authors": ["Bindoli, S", "Felicetti, M", "Sfriso, P", "Doria, A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460624", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID 19), spreading from China all around the world in early 2020, has led scientists to investigate the immuno-mediated mechanisms underlying the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection. Depending on the amount of cytokines released as the result of the immunological activation induced by SARS-CoV2, three major clinical phenotypes can be identified: \"mild\",symbolized as a \"drizzle\" of cytokines, severe as a \"storm\", and critical as a \"hurricane\". In patients with mild symptoms, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines is balanced to obtain a defense response against the virus which is often self-limiting and overcomes without tissue damage. In severe phenotype, resembling a \"cytokine-release syndrome\", SARS-CoV2 causes the lysis of the immune-mediators leading to a cytokine storm able to induce lung epithelium damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome. In critical patients, the immune response may become uncontrolled, thus the cytokine burst resembles a form of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis which may result in a multi organ failure. In addition to the standard of care, an immune-modulatory therapy tailored to each one of the different phenotypes should be used in order to prevent or reduce the release of cytokines responsible for organ damage and disease progression."}, {"pmid": 32339479, "pmcid": "PMC7182513", "title": "Inuit communities can beat COVID-19 and tuberculosis.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Kiddell-Monroe, Rachel", "Ranta, Malcolm", "Enook, Sheila", "Saranchuk, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339479", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379903, "pmcid": "PMC7267253", "title": "Outcome of a patient with refractory Hodgkin lymphoma on pembrolizumab, infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["O'Kelly, Brendan", "McGettrick, Padraig", "Angelov, Daniel", "Fay, Michael", "McGinty, Tara", "Cotter, Aoife G", "Sheehan, Gerard", "Lambert, John S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379903", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453250, "title": "Why the Use of Angiotensin II May Be a Fatal Mistake in Covid-19.", "journal": "Shock", "authors": ["Ferreira, Jason", "Mcmanus, Jessica", "Jankowski, Christopher A", "Searcy, Randi"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453250", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441586, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Implications in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Alsaied, Tarek", "Aboulhosn, Jamil A", "Cotts, Timothy B", "Daniels, Curt J", "Etheridge, Susan P", "Feltes, Timothy F", "Gurvitz, Michelle Z", "Lewin, Mark B", "Oster, Matthew E", "Saidi, Arwa"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441586", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently described infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with significant cardiovascular implications. Given the increased risk for severe COVID-19 observed in adults with underlying cardiac involvement, there is concern that patients with pediatric and congenital heart disease may likewise be at increased risk for severe infection. The cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 include myocarditis, arrhythmia, and myocardial infarction. Importantly, the pandemic has stretched healthcare systems and many care team members are at risk for contracting and possibly transmitting the disease which may further impact the care of patients with cardiovascular disease. In this review, we describe the effects of COVID-19 in the pediatric and young adult population and review the cardiovascular involvement in COVID-19 focusing on implications for patients with congenital heart disease in particular."}, {"pmid": 32329756, "title": "Neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19.", "journal": "JCI Insight", "authors": ["Zuo, Yu", "Yalavarthi, Srilakshmi", "Shi, Hui", "Gockman, Kelsey", "Zuo, Melanie", "Madison, Jacqueline A", "Blair, Christopher", "Weber, Andrew", "Barnes, Betsy J", "Egeblad, Mikala", "Woods, Robert J", "Kanthi, Yogendra", "Knight, Jason S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329756", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), viral pneumonia progresses to respiratory failure. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular webs of chromatin, microbicidal proteins, and oxidant enzymes that are released by neutrophils to contain infections. However, when not properly regulated, NETs have the potential to propagate inflammation and microvascular thrombosis - including in the lungs of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. We now report that sera from patients with COVID-19 have elevated levels of cell-free DNA, myeloperoxidase-DNA (MPO-DNA), and citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3); the latter 2 are specific markers of NETs. Highlighting the potential clinical relevance of these findings, cell-free DNA strongly correlated with acute-phase reactants, including C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as absolute neutrophil count. MPO-DNA associated with both cell-free DNA and absolute neutrophil count, while Cit-H3 correlated with platelet levels. Importantly, both cell-free DNA and MPO-DNA were higher in hospitalized patients receiving mechanical ventilation as compared with hospitalized patients breathing room air. Finally, sera from individuals with COVID-19 triggered NET release from control neutrophils in vitro. Future studies should investigate the predictive power of circulating NETs in longitudinal cohorts and determine the extent to which NETs may be novel therapeutic targets in severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32498085, "title": "A Pragmatic Approach to Inpatient Diabetes Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Korytkowski, Mary", "Antinori-Lent, Kellie", "Drincic, Andjela", "Hirsch, Irl B", "McDonnell, Marie E", "Rushakoff, Robert", "Muniyappa, Ranganath"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498085", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19 has presented new challenges to hospital personnel providing care for infected patients with diabetes who represent more than 20% of critically ill patients in intensive care units. Appropriate glycemic management contributes to a reduction in adverse clinical outcomes in acute illness but also requires intensive patient interactions for bedside glucose monitoring, intravenous and subcutaneous insulin administration, as well as rapid intervention for hypoglycemia events. These tasks are required at a time when minimizing patient interactions is recommended as a way of avoiding prolonged exposure to COVID-19 by health care personnel who often practice in settings with limited supplies of personal protective equipment. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide guidance for clinicians for reconciling recommended standards of care for infected hospitalized patients with diabetes while also addressing the daily realities of an overwhelmed health care system in many areas of the country. The use of modified protocols for insulin administration, bedside glucose monitoring, and medications such as glucocorticoids and hydroxychloroquine that may affect glycemic control are discussed. Continuous glucose monitoring systems have been proposed as an option for reducing time spent with patients, but there are important issues that need to be addressed if these are used in hospitalized patients. On site and remote glucose management teams have potential to provide guidance in areas where there are shortages of personnel who have expertise in inpatient glycemic management."}, {"pmid": 32050060, "pmcid": "PMC7121480", "title": "Journey of a Thai Taxi Driver and Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Pongpirul, Wannarat A", "Pongpirul, Krit", "Ratnarathon, Anuttra C", "Prasithsirikul, Wisit"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32050060", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319878, "pmcid": "PMC7231663", "title": "Borderless collaboration is needed for COVID-19-A disease that knows no borders.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mohamed, Kawthar", "Rodriguez-Roman, Eduardo", "Rahmani, Farzaneh", "Zhang, Hongbo", "Ivanovska, Mariya", "Makka, Sara A", "Joya, Musa", "Makuku, Rangarirai", "Islam, Md Shahidul", "Radwan, Nesrine", "Rahmah, Laila", "Goda, Rayan", "Abarikwu, Sunny O", "Shaw, Mujtaba", "Zoghi, Samaneh", "Irtsyan, Sevan", "Ling, Irene", "Cseprekal, Orsolya", "Faten, Attig-Bahar", "Hazar Sayar, Esra", "Soloukey, Chagajeg", "Grancini, Giulia", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201353, "pmcid": "PMC7156162", "title": "Review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on current evidence.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Wang, Lisheng", "Wang, Yiru", "Ye, Dawei", "Liu, Qingquan"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201353", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a highly contagious disease. The World Health Organization has declared the ongoing outbreak to be a global public health emergency. Currently, the research on SARS-CoV-2 is in its primary stages. Based on current published evidence, this review systematically summarizes the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19. It is hoped that this review will help the public to recognize and deal with SARS-CoV-2, and provide a reference for future studies."}, {"pmid": 32072569, "pmcid": "PMC7095345", "title": "2019 Novel coronavirus: where we are and what we know.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Cheng, Zhangkai J", "Shan, Jing"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32072569", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Epidemic Forecasting", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a current worldwide outbreak of a new type of coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which originated from Wuhan in China and has now spread to 17 other countries. Governments are under increased pressure to stop the outbreak spiraling into a global health emergency. At this stage, preparedness, transparency, and sharing of information are crucial to risk assessments and beginning outbreak control activities. This information should include reports from outbreak sites and from laboratories supporting the investigation. This paper aggregates and consolidates the virology, epidemiology, clinical management strategies from both English and Chinese literature, official news channels, and other official government documents. In addition, by fitting the number of infections with a single-term exponential model, we report that the infection is spreading at an exponential rate, with a doubling period of 1.8\u00a0days."}, {"pmid": 32394816, "title": "Impact of sedentarism due to the COVID-19 home confinement on neuromuscular, cardiovascular and metabolic health: Physiological and pathophysiological implications and recommendations for physical and nutritional countermeasures.", "journal": "Eur J Sport Sci", "authors": ["Narici, Marco", "De Vito, Giuseppe", "Franchi, Martino", "Paoli, Antonio", "Moro, Tatiana", "Marcolin, Giuseppe", "Grassi, Bruno", "Baldassarre, Giovanni", "Zuccarelli, Lucrezia", "Biolo, Gianni", "di Girolamo, Filippo Giorgio", "Fiotti, Nicola", "Dela, Flemming", "Greenhaff, Paul", "Maganaris, Constantinos"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394816", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented health crisis as entire populations have been asked to self-isolate and live in home-confinement for several weeks to months, which in itself represents a physiological challenge with significant health risks. This paper describes the impact of sedentarism on the human body at the level of the muscular, cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine and nervous systems and is based on evidence from several models of inactivity, including bed rest, unilateral limb suspension, and step-reduction. Data form these studies show that muscle wasting occurs rapidly, being detectable within two days of inactivity. This loss of muscle mass is associated with fibre denervation, neuromuscular junction damage and upregulation of protein breakdown, but is mostly explained by the suppression of muscle protein synthesis. Inactivity also affects glucose homeostasis as just few days of step reduction or bed rest, reduce insulin sensitivity, principally in muscle. Additionally, aerobic capacity is impaired at all levels of the O2 cascade, from the cardiovascular system, including peripheral circulation, to skeletal muscle oxidative function. Positive energy balance during physical inactivity is associated with fat deposition, associated with systemic inflammation and activation of antioxidant defences, exacerbating muscle loss. Importantly, these deleterious effects of inactivity can be diminished by routine exercise practice, but the exercise dose-response relationship is currently unknown. Nevertheless, low to medium-intensity high volume resistive exercise, easily implementable in home-settings, will have positive effects, particularly if combined with a 15-25% reduction in daily energy intake. This combined regimen seems ideal for preserving neuromuscular, metabolic and cardiovascular health.Highlights This paper describes the impact of sedentarism, caused by the COVID-19 home confinement on the neuromuscular, cardiovascular, metabolic and endocrine systems.Just few days of sedentary lifestyle are sufficient to induce muscle loss, neuromuscular junction damage and fibre denervation, insulin resistance, decreased aerobic capacity, fat deposition and low-grade systemic inflammation.Regular low/medium intensity high volume exercise, together with a 15-25% reduction in caloric intake are recommended for preserving neuromuscular, cardiovascular, metabolic and endocrine health."}, {"pmid": 32366769, "pmcid": "PMC7219836", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic highlights shortcomings in U.S. healthcare informatics infrastructure: a call to action.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["O'Reilly-Shah, Vikas N", "Gentry, Katherine R", "Van Cleve, Wil", "Kendale, Samir M", "Jabaley, Craig S", "Long, Dustin R"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366769", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453859, "title": "Clinical Significance of Blue-Green Neutrophil and Monocyte Cytoplasmic Inclusions in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Critically Ill Patients.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Cantu, Miguel Dario", "Towne, William Samuel", "Emmons, Foxwell Nathan", "Mostyka, Maria", "Borczuk, Alain", "Salvatore, Steven P", "Yang, He Sarina", "Zhao, Zhen", "Vasovic, Ljiljana V", "Racine-Brzostek, Sabrina E"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453859", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482092, "title": "Learning From COVID-19 and Looking to Technology Ahead.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Toft, Anders D"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482092", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481460, "title": "Therapeutic efficacy of Qingfei Paidu decoction combined with antiviral drugs in the treatment of corona virus disease 2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Gao, Kai", "Song, Yan-Ping", "Chen, Hao", "Zhao, Lin-Tao", "Ma, Li"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481460", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic, there are no specific drugs and vaccines for epidemic control at present. More and more clinical practice shows that traditional Chinese medicine has played an important role in the outbreak. Among them, Qingfei Paidu decoction (QPD) combined with antiviral drugs can enhance the therapeutic efficacy for COVID-19. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive and systematic evidence, which urgently requires us to verify its therapeutic efficacy. Hence, we provide a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. We will search the studies in MEDLINE/PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, VIP database, the Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Database and Chinese Science Citation Database. Searches are limited to clinical studies published in Chinese and English. Next, the quality of each study is assessed according to the criteria of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Then, the outcome data are recorded and pooled by Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 16.0 software. The systematic review and meta-analysis aims to review and pool current clinical outcomes of QPD combined with antiviral drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. This study will provide a high-quality evidence of QPD for the treatment on COVID-19 patients. CRD42020182409."}, {"pmid": 32427038, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Family Affair.", "journal": "J Fam Nurs", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427038", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275294, "title": "Caring for Patients With Cancer During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "JAMA Oncol", "authors": ["Pietrantonio, Filippo", "Garassino, Marina Chiara"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275294", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348474, "pmcid": "PMC7200640", "title": "Expanding our understanding of the role polyprotein conformation plays in the coronavirus life cycle.", "journal": "Biochem J", "authors": ["Gildenhuys, Samantha"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348474", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus are the causative agents in many globally concerning respiratory disease outbreaks such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). It is therefore important that we improve our understanding of how the molecular components of the virus facilitate the viral life cycle. These details will allow for the design of effective interventions. Krichel and coauthors in their article in the Biochemical Journal provide molecular details of how the viral polyprotein (nsp7-10) produced from the positive single stranded RNA genome, is cleaved to form proteins that are part of the replication/transcription complex. The authors highlight the impact the polyprotein conformation has on the cleavage efficiency of the main protease (Mpro) and hence the order of release of non-structural proteins 7-10 (nsp7-10) of the SARS-CoV. Cleavage order is important in controlling viral processes and seems to have relevance in terms of the protein-protein complexes formed. The authors made use of mass spectrometry to advance our understanding of the mechanism by which coronaviruses control nsp 7, 8, 9 and 10 production in the virus life cycle."}, {"pmid": 32454190, "pmcid": "PMC7245295", "title": "Thromboprophylaxis for medical inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Dalager-Pedersen, M", "Bodilsen, J"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454190", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376225, "pmcid": "PMC7184010", "title": "Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19. When nothing is what it seems.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Ioan, Ana-Maria", "Durante-Lopez, Alejandro", "Martinez-Milla, Juan", "Perez-Calvo, Cesar", "Santos, Arnoldo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376225", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387745, "pmcid": "PMC7204713", "title": "Quis custodiet ipsos custodes: are we taking care of healthcare workers in the Italian COVID-19 outbreak?", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Schiavone, M", "Forleo, G B", "Mitacchione, G", "Gasperetti, A", "Viecca, M", "Tondo, C"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387745", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407609, "pmcid": "PMC7273010", "title": "De Novo Status Epilepticus in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Clin Transl Neurol", "authors": ["Somani, Sana", "Pati, Sandipan", "Gaston, Tyler", "Chitlangia, Alissa", "Agnihotri, Shruti"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407609", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neurological complications are increasingly recognized with SARS-CoV-2, the causative pathogen for COVID-19. We present a single-center retrospective case series reporting the EEG and outcome of de novo status epilepticus (SE) in two African-American women with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 virus. SE was the initial presentation in one asymptomatic individual. Patient 2 had COVID-19 pneumonia, and fluctuating mental status that raised the suspicion of subclinical SE. The patient with older age and higher comorbidities failed to recover from the viral illness that has no definitive treatment."}, {"pmid": 32499172, "pmcid": "PMC7254003", "title": "Active smoking and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Differences in measurement of variables could cause errors in the results.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Jj, Sanchez", "N, Acevedo", "E, Guzman"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499172", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352836, "title": "Emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: what you need to know for practice.", "journal": "Ann R Coll Surg Engl", "authors": ["De Simone, B", "Chouillard, E", "Di Saverio, S", "Pagani, L", "Sartelli, M", "Biffl, W L", "Coccolini, F", "Pieri, A", "Khan, M", "Borzellino, G", "Campanile, F C", "Ansaloni, L", "Catena, F"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352836", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several articles have been published about the reorganisation of surgical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic but few, if any, have focused on the impact that this has had on emergency and trauma surgery. Our aim was to review the most current data on COVID-19 to provide essential suggestions on how to manage the acute abdomen during the pandemic. A systematic review was conducted of the most relevant English language articles on COVID-19 and surgery published between 15 December 2019 and 30 March 2020. Access to the operating theatre is almost exclusively restricted to emergencies and oncological procedures. The use of laparoscopy in COVID-19 positive patients should be cautiously considered. The main risk lies in the presence of the virus in the pneumoperitoneum: the aerosol released in the operating theatre could contaminate both staff and the environment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, all efforts should be deployed in order to evaluate the feasibility of postponing surgery until the patient is no longer considered potentially infectious or at risk of perioperative complications. If surgery is deemed necessary, the emergency surgeon must minimise the risk of exposure to the virus by involving a minimal number of healthcare staff and shortening the occupation of the operating theatre. In case of a lack of security measures to enable safe laparoscopy, open surgery should be considered."}, {"pmid": 32496741, "pmcid": "PMC7172485", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Gastrointestinal Infection Causing Hemorrhagic Colitis: Implications for Detection and Transmission of COVID-19 Disease.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Carvalho, Alexandre", "Alqusairi, Rana", "Adams, Anna", "Paul, Michelle", "Kothari, Neelay", "Peters, Stevany", "DeBenedet, Anthony T"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496741", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302411, "pmcid": "PMC7262099", "title": "Clinical Pharmacology Perspectives on the Antiviral Activity of Azithromycin and Use in COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Damle, Bharat", "Vourvahis, Manoli", "Wang, Erjian", "Leaney, Joanne", "Corrigan, Brian"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302411", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Azithromycin (AZ) is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic with a long half-life and a large volume of distribution. It is primarily used for the treatment of respiratory, enteric, and genitourinary bacterial infections. AZ is not approved for the treatment of viral infections, and there is no well-controlled, prospective, randomized clinical evidence to support AZ therapy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nevertheless, there are anecdotal reports that some hospitals have begun to include AZ in combination with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine (CQ) for treatment of COVID-19. It is essential that the clinical pharmacology (CP) characteristics of AZ be considered in planning and conducting clinical trials of AZ alone or in combination with other agents, to ensure safe study conduct and to increase the probability of achieving definitive answers regarding efficacy of AZ in the treatment of COVID-19. The safety profile of AZ used as an antibacterial agent is well established.1 This work assesses published in vitro and clinical evidence for AZ as an agent with antiviral properties. It also provides basic CP information relevant for planning and initiating COVID-19 clinical studies with AZ, summarizes safety data from healthy volunteer studies, and safety and efficacy data from phase II and phase II/III studies in patients with uncomplicated malaria, including a phase II/III study in pediatric patients following administration of AZ and CQ in combination. This paper may also serve to facilitate the consideration and use of a priori-defined control groups for future research."}, {"pmid": 32516833, "title": "Risks to healthcare workers following tracheal intubation of patients with COVID-19: a prospective international multicentre cohort study.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["El-Boghdadly, K", "Wong, D J N", "Owen, R", "Neuman, M D", "Pocock, S", "Carlisle, J B", "Johnstone, C", "Andruszkiewicz, P", "Baker, P A", "Biccard, B M", "Bryson, G L", "Chan, M T V", "Cheng, M H", "Chin, K J", "Coburn, M", "Fagerlund, M J", "Myatra, S N", "Myles, P S", "O'Sullivan, E", "Pasin, L", "Shamim, F", "van Klei, W A", "Ahmad, I"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516833", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare workers involved in aerosol-generating procedures, such as tracheal intubation, may be at elevated risk of acquiring COVID-19. However, the magnitude of this risk is unknown. We conducted a prospective international multicentre cohort study recruiting healthcare workers participating in tracheal intubation of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Information on tracheal intubation episodes, personal protective equipment use, and subsequent provider health status was collected via self-reporting. The primary endpoint was the incidence of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis or new symptoms requiring self-isolation or hospitalisation after a tracheal intubation episode. Cox regression analysis examined associations between the primary endpoint and healthcare worker characteristics, procedure-related factors, and personal protective equipment use. Between 23 March and 2 June 2020, 1718 healthcare workers from 503 hospitals in 17 countries reported 5148 tracheal intubation episodes. The overall incidence of the primary endpoint was 10.7% over a median (IQR [range]) follow-up of 32 (18-48 [0-116]) days. The cumulative incidence within 7, 14 and 21 days of the first tracheal intubation episode was 3.6%, 6.1%, and 8.5%, respectively. The risk of the primary endpoint varied by country and was higher in females, but was not associated with other factors. Around 1 in 10 healthcare workers involved in tracheal intubation of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 subsequently reported a COVID-19 outcome. This has human resource implications for institutional capacity to deliver essential healthcare services, and wider societal implications for COVID-19 transmission."}, {"pmid": 32437000, "title": "HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: A case report from Uganda.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Baluku, Joseph Baruch", "Mwebaza, Shem", "Ingabire, Gloria", "Nsereko, Chris", "Muwanga, Moses"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437000", "countries": ["Uganda"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457522, "pmcid": "PMC7249038", "title": "Dysregulation of type I interferon responses in COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Acharya, Dhiraj", "Liu, GuanQun", "Gack, Michaela U"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457522", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329970, "title": "Rural Matters - Coronavirus and the Navajo Nation.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Kovich, Heather"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329970", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499280, "pmcid": "PMC7262226", "title": "Guidance and best practices for nuclear cardiology laboratories during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC and SNMMI.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499280", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488156, "title": "How countries are using genomics to help avoid a second coronavirus wave.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Watson, Clare"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488156", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376101, "pmcid": "PMC7151468", "title": "Association Between Hypoxemia and Mortality in Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Xie, Jiang", "Covassin, Naima", "Fan, Zhengyang", "Singh, Prachi", "Gao, Wei", "Li, Guangxi", "Kara, Tomas", "Somers, Virend K"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376101", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify markers associated with in-hospital death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pneumonia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 140 patients with moderate to critical COVID-19-associated pneumonia requiring oxygen supplementation admitted to the hospital from January 28, 2020, through February 28, 2020, and followed up through March 13, 2020, in Union Hospital, Wuhan, China. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and other measures were tested as predictors of in-hospital mortality in survival analysis. Of 140 patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia, 72 (51.4%) were men, with a median age of 60 years. Patients with SpO2 values of 90% or less were older and were more likely to be men, to have hypertension, and to present with dyspnea than those with SpO2 values greater than 90%. Overall, 36 patients (25.7%) died during hospitalization after median 14-day follow-up. Higher SpO2 levels after oxygen supplementation were associated with reduced mortality independently of age and sex (hazard ratio per 1-U SpO2, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.91 to 0.95; P<.001). The SpO2 cutoff value of 90.5% yielded 84.6% sensitivity and 97.2% specificity for prediction of survival. Dyspnea was also independently associated with death in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.24 to 5.43; P=.01). In this cohort of patients with COVID-19, hypoxemia was independently associated with in-hospital mortality. These results may help guide the clinical management of patients with severe COVID-19, particularly in settings requiring strategic allocation of limited critical care resources. Chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2000030852."}, {"pmid": 32436075, "pmcid": "PMC7238400", "title": "Microvascular alterations in patients with SARS-COV-2 severe pneumonia.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Damiani, Elisa", "Carsetti, Andrea", "Casarotta, Erika", "Scorcella, Claudia", "Domizi, Roberta", "Adrario, Erica", "Donati, Abele"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436075", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396265, "pmcid": "PMC7273008", "title": "The prevalence, characteristics, and related factors of pressure injury in medical staff wearing personal protective equipment against COVID-19 in China: A multicentre cross-sectional survey.", "journal": "Int Wound J", "authors": ["Jiang, Qixia", "Liu, Yuxiu", "Wei, Wei", "Zhu, Dongmei", "Chen, Aihua", "Liu, Haiying", "Wang, Jing", "Jiang, Zhixia", "Han, Qiuying", "Bai, Yuxuan", "Hua, Jiao", "Zhang, Yanhong", "Guo, Jinli", "Li, Li", "Li, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396265", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the medical staff fighting against COVID-19 frequently reported the device-related pressure injury (DRPI) caused by personal protective equipment (PPE). We conducted a cross-sectional survey online to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of DRPI among medical staff. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the risk factors associated with DRPI. A total of 4308 participants were collected and 4306 participants were valid from 161 hospitals in China. The overall prevalence of DRPI caused by PPE among medical staff was 30.03% (95% CI 28.69%-31.41%). The prevalence of male was more than that of female (42.25%, 95% CI 37.99-46.51% vs 26.36%, 95% CI 26.93-29.80%, P\u2009<\u2009.001).The categories were mainly stages 1 and 2, and the common anatomical locations were nose bridge, cheeks, ears, and forehead. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors were sweating (OR = 43.99, 95% CI 34.46-56.17), male (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.12-1.99), level 3 PPE (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.14-1.83), and longer wearing time (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 0.97-1.68). The prevalence of DRPI was high among medical staff wearing PPE against COVID-19, and the risk factors were sweating, male, wearing level 3 PPE, and longer wearing time. Comprehensive preventive interventions should be taken."}, {"pmid": 32488188, "title": "How scientific conferences will survive the coronavirus shock.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Viglione, Giuliana"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488188", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220077, "pmcid": "PMC7228410", "title": "A survey of 434 clinical trials about coronavirus disease 2019 in China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Leng, Zikuan", "Yin, Dongfei", "Zhao, Zhe", "Yan, Miaoheng", "Yang, Yanlei", "He, Xijing", "Zhao, Robert Chunhua", "Liu, Hongjian"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220077", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472664, "title": "Covid-19 and urology.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Dasgupta, Prokar"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472664", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467596, "title": "Ethical guidelines for COVID-19 tracing apps.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Morley, Jessica", "Cowls, Josh", "Taddeo, Mariarosaria", "Floridi, Luciano"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467596", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294617, "title": "Safety at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: How to Keep our Oncology Patients and Healthcare Workers Safe.", "journal": "J Natl Compr Canc Netw", "authors": ["Cinar, Pelin", "Kubal, Timothy", "Freifeld, Alison", "Mishra, Asmita", "Shulman, Lawrence", "Bachman, James", "Fonseca, Rafael", "Uronis, Hope", "Klemanski, Dori", "Slusser, Kim", "Lunning, Matthew", "Liu, Catherine"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294617", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was first detected as a respiratory illness in December 2019 in Wuhan City, China. Since then, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted every aspect of our lives worldwide. In a time when terms such as social distancing and flattening the curve have become a part of our vernacular, it is essential that we understand what measures can be implemented to protect our patients and healthcare workers. Undoubtedly, healthcare providers have had to rapidly alter care delivery models while simultaneously acknowledging the crucial unknowns of how these changes may affect clinical outcomes. This special feature reviews strategies on how to mitigate transmission of COVID-19 in an effort to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the disease for patients with cancer without infection, for patients with cancer with COVID-19 infection, and for the healthcare workers caring for them, while continuing to provide the best possible cancer care. [Editor's Note: This article includes the most current information available at time of publication; however, recommendations regarding public safety and practice may change rapidly in this situation. Individuals should get the most up to date information from the CDC website.]."}, {"pmid": 32366016, "title": "Generational Differences in Perceptions of Food Health/Risk and Attitudes toward Organic Food and Game Meat: The Case of the COVID-19 Crisis in China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Xie, Xiaoru", "Huang, Liman", "Li, Jun Justin", "Zhu, Hong"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366016", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel laboratory-confirmed coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection, which has caused clusters of severe illnesses, was first reported in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China. This foodborne illness, which reportedly most likely originated in a seafood market where wild animals are sold illegally, has transmitted among humans through close contact, across the world. The aim of this study is to explore health/risk perceptions of and attitudes toward healthy/risky food in the immediate context of food crisis. More specifically, by using the data collected from 1008 respondents in January 2020, the time when China was hit hard by the \"Corona Virus Disease 2019\" (COVID-19), this study investigates the overall and different generational respondents' health/risk perceptions of and attitudes toward organic food and game meat. The results reveal that, firstly, based on their food health and risk perceptions of healthy and risky food, the respondents' general attitudes are positive toward organic food but relatively negative toward game meat. Secondly, older generations have a more positive attitude and are more committed to organic food. Younger generations' attitude toward game meat is more negative whereas older generations attach more importance to it because of its nutritional and medicinal values. In addition, this research also indicates that the COVID-19 crisis influences the respondents' perceptions of and attitudes toward organic food and game meat consumption. However, the likelihood of its impact on older generations' future change in diets is smaller, which implies that older generations' food beliefs are more stable."}, {"pmid": 32280076, "title": "Clinical and computed tomographic (CT) images characteristics in the patients with COVID-19 infection: What should radiologists need to know?", "journal": "J Xray Sci Technol", "authors": ["Lei, Pinggui", "Huang, Zhaoshu", "Liu, Guoli", "Wang, Pingxian", "Song, Wen", "Mao, Jujiang", "Shen, Guiquan", "Zhou, Shi", "Qian, Wei", "Jiao, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32280076", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the clinical and computed tomographic (CT) features in the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by the real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) amplification of the viral DNA from a sputum sample. Clinical information and CT findings of a total of 14 patients with COVID-19 infection (age range, 12-83 years; females 6) were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical information includes the history of exposure, laboratory results, and the symptoms (such as fever, cough, headache, etc.); CT findings of chest include the extension and distribution of lesion, the ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, bronchovascular enlarged, irregular linear appearances, pleural effusion, and lymphadenopathy. Eight patients had the exposure history for recent travel to Wuhan of Hubei province (8/14, 57%), 6 had the exposure to patients with COVID-19 infection. Significant statistical differences were observed in lymphocyte percentage decreased and C-reactive protein elevated (p\u200a=\u200a0.015). Seven patients had fever, 7 had cough, 2 had headache, 3 had fatigue, 1 had body soreness, 3 had diarrhea, and 2 had no obvious symptoms. In chest CT examination, 10 patients were positive (10/14, 71.43%). Among these patients, 9 had lesions involving both lungs (9/10, 90%), 8 had lesions involving 4 to 5 lobes (8/10, 80%). Most of lesions were distributed peripherally and the most significant lesions were observed in the right lower lobe in 9 patients (9/10, 90%). Nodules were observed in 5 patients (5/10, 50%); GGO, consolidation, and bronchovascular enlarged were shown in 9 patients (9/10, 90%); irregular linear appearances were revealed in 7 patients (7/10, 70%); and pleural effusions were exhibited in 2 patients (2/10, 20%). Last, no patients showed lymphadenopathy. There were some typical CT features for diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. The radiologists should know these CT findings and clinical information, which could help for accurate analysis in the patients with 2019 novel coronavirus infection."}, {"pmid": 32501898, "title": "COVID-19 and Pediatric Orthopaedics: What's Different?", "journal": "J Pediatr Orthop", "authors": ["Liang, Zhen Chang", "Mok, Ying Ren", "Lam, Kai Yet", "Lee, Yung Seng", "Hui, James Hoi Po"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501898", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414990, "title": "Finding a new balance.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414990", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus changes the way we live our lives, clinical psychologists Matthew Whalley and Hardeep Kaur advise on managing wellbeing."}, {"pmid": 32526460, "title": "A large number of COVID-19 interventional clinical trials were registered soon after the pandemic onset: a descriptive analysis.", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Nasrallah, Ali A", "Farran, Sarah H", "Nasrallah, Zainab A", "Chahrour, Mohamad A", "Salhab, Hamza A", "Fares, Mohammad Y", "Khachfe, Hussein H", "Akl, Elie A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526460", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a pressing need for evidence-based interventions to address the devastating clinical and public health effects of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The number of registered trials related to COVID-19 is increasing by the day. To describe the characteristics of the currently registered clinical trials related to COVID-19. We searched the World Health Organization (WHO)'s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) on May 15, 2020. We included any entry that is related to COVID-19. We abstracted then descriptively analyzed the following characteristics of the registered trials: study design, status, phase, primary endpoints, experimental interventions, and geographic location among other qualifiers. We identified 1,308 eligible registered trials. The majority of trials were initially registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (n= 703; 53.7%) and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (n= 291; 22.2%). The number of participants to be enrolled across these trials was 734,657, with a median of 110 participants per trial. The most-commonly studied intervention category was pharmacologic (n=763; 58.3%), with antiparasitic medications being the most common subcategory. While over half of trials were already recruiting, we identified published peer-reviewed results for only 8 of those trials. There is a relatively large number of registered trials but very few results published so far. While our findings suggest an appropriate initial response by the research community, the real challenge will be to get these trials completed, published, and translated into practice and policy."}, {"pmid": 32379015, "pmcid": "PMC7239772", "title": "COVID-19: Are We Ready for the Second Wave?", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Ali, Inayat"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379015", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has already exerted an enormous impact on the entire world. Everything is overwhelmed in the face of a rapid escalation of cases. The countries that have already reported the peak of transmission are easing their preventive measures yet fearing a second wave of infection. If the virus causes that next wave, are we sufficiently prepared to deal with it? I argue that the stakeholders concerned should simultaneously handle the ongoing pandemic while making effective preparations for its second wave. To relax the preventive measures, countries must thoroughly revisit their situations based on scientific evidence."}, {"pmid": 32297590, "pmcid": "PMC7253099", "title": "Rigorous Randomized Controlled Trial Implementation in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Oldenburg, Catherine E", "Doan, Thuy"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297590", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429009, "title": "Safe Colorectal Surgery in the COVID-19 Era - A Singapore Experience.", "journal": "Ann Coloproctol", "authors": ["Tan, Winson Jianhong", "Foo, Fung Joon", "Sivarajah, Sharmini Su", "Li, Leonard Ho Ming", "Koh, Frederick H", "Chew, Min Hoe"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429009", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526011, "title": "HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS/ACC/AHA worldwide practice update for telehealth and arrhythmia monitoring during and after a pandemic.", "journal": "Europace", "authors": ["Varma, Niraj", "Marrouche, Nassir F", "Aguinaga, Luis", "Albert, Christine M", "Arbelo, Elena", "Choi, Jong-Il", "Chung, Mina K", "Conte, Giulio", "Dagher, Lilas", "Epstein, Laurence M", "Ghanbari, Hamid", "Han, Janet K", "Heidbuchel, Hein", "Huang, He", "Lakkireddy, Dhanunjaya R", "Ngarmukos, Tachapong", "Russo, Andrea M", "Saad, Eduardo B", "Saenz Morales, Luis C", "Sandau, Kristin E", "Sridhar, Arun Raghav M", "Stecker, Eric C", "Varosy, Paul D"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526011", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344132, "pmcid": "PMC7194527", "title": "Lessons from China When Performing Neurosurgical Procedures During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Wen, Jun", "Qi, Xiaoming", "Lyon, Kristopher A", "Liang, Buqing", "Wang, Xiangyu", "Feng, Dongxia", "Huang, Jason H"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344132", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a substantial threat to the health of health care personnel on the front line of caring for patients with COVID-19. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services have announced that all nonessential planned surgeries and procedures should be postponed until further notice and only urgent procedures should proceed. Neurologic surgeries and procedures should not be delayed under the circumstance in which it is essential at saving a life or preserving functioning of the central nervous system. With the intent to advise the neurosurgery team on how to adequately prepare and safely perform neurosurgical procedures on confirmed and suspected patients with COVID-19, we discuss considerations and recommendations based on the lessons and experience shared by neurosurgeons in China. Perioperative and intraoperative strategies, considerations, as well as challenges arisen under the specific circumstance have been discussed. In addition, a case of a ruptured aneurysm in a suspected patient with COVID-19 is reported. It is advised that all health care personnel who immediately participate in neurosurgical surgeries and procedures for confirmed and suspected patients with COVID-19 should take airborne precautions and wear enhanced personal protective equipment. Following the proposed guidance, urgent neurosurgical surgeries and procedures can be safely performed for the benefit of critical patients with or suspected for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32105609, "pmcid": "PMC7159085", "title": "COVID-19 control in China during mass population movements at New Year.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chen, Simiao", "Yang, Juntao", "Yang, Weizhong", "Wang, Chen", "Barnighausen, Till"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105609", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390694, "pmcid": "PMC7205480", "title": "Informed Consent for Surgery During COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Surg", "authors": ["Bhattacharya, Neela", "Bhattacharya, Kaushik"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390694", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Informed consent has become a challenging issue when surgery at the time of novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is to be performed, in view of increased risk of the need of intensive care unit (ICU) in the post-operative period and the associated high mortality if a patient exhibits COVID-19 symptoms in the post-operative period. We have devised a new informed consent format for all patients undergoing surgery incorporating a few points specific for the disease."}, {"pmid": 32092911, "pmcid": "PMC7072294", "title": "Rigidity of the Outer Shell Predicted by a Protein Intrinsic Disorder Model Sheds Light on the COVID-19 (Wuhan-2019-nCoV) Infectivity.", "journal": "Biomolecules", "authors": ["Goh, Gerard Kian-Meng", "Dunker, A Keith", "Foster, James A", "Uversky, Vladimir N"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092911", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently witnessing an outbreak of a new coronavirus spreading quickly across China and affecting at least 24 other countries. With almost 65,000 infected, a worldwide death toll of at least 1370 (as of 14 February 2020), and with the potential to affect up to two-thirds of the world population, COVID-19 is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be a global health emergency. The speed of spread and infectivity of COVID-19 (also known as Wuhan-2019-nCoV) are dramatically exceeding those of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). In fact, since September 2012, the WHO has been notified of 2494 laboratory-confirmed cases of infection with MERS-CoV, whereas the 2002-2003 epidemic of SARS affected 26 countries and resulted in more than 8000 cases. Therefore, although SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 are all the result of coronaviral infections, the causes of the coronaviruses differ dramatically in their transmissibility. It is likely that these differences in infectivity of coronaviruses can be attributed to the differences in the rigidity of their shells which can be evaluated using computational tools for predicting intrinsic disorder predisposition of the corresponding viral proteins."}, {"pmid": 32410225, "pmcid": "PMC7272859", "title": "Covid-19: Ethical Challenges for Nurses.", "journal": "Hastings Cent Rep", "authors": ["Morley, Georgina", "Grady, Christine", "McCarthy, Joan", "Ulrich, Connie M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410225", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted many of the difficult ethical issues that health care professionals confront in caring for patients and families. The decisions such workers face on the front lines are fraught with uncertainty for all stakeholders. Our focus is on the implications for nurses, who are the largest global health care workforce but whose perspectives are not always fully considered. This essay discusses three overarching ethical issues that create a myriad of concerns and will likely affect nurses globally in unique ways: the safety of nurses, patients, colleagues, and families; the allocation of scarce resources; and the changing nature of nurses' relationships with patients and families. We urge policy-makers to ensure that nurses' voices and perspectives are integrated into both local and global decision-making so as to minimize the structural injustices many nurses have faced to date. Finally, we urge nurses to seek sources of support throughout this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32524296, "title": "Pneumomediastinum and spontaneous pneumothorax as an extrapulmonary complication of COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Lopez Vega, Jesse Mauricio", "Parra Gordo, Maria Luz", "Diez Tascon, Aurea", "Ossaba Velez, Silvia"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524296", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new disease outbreak that causes atypical pneumonia named COVID-19, which started in China's Wuhan province, has quickly spread to a pandemic. Although the imaging test of choice for the initial study is plain chest radiograph, CT has proven useful in characterizing better the complications associated with this new infection. We describe the evolution of 3 patients presenting pneumomediastinum and spontaneous pneumothorax as a very rare complication of COVID-19 and their particular interest as a probable prognostic factor."}, {"pmid": 32348561, "pmcid": "PMC7267584", "title": "Adapting re-usable elastomeric respirators to utilise anaesthesia circuit filters using a 3D-printed adaptor - a potential alternative to address N95 shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Liu, D C Y", "Koo, T H", "Wong, J K K", "Wong, Y H", "Fung, K S C", "Chan, Y", "Lim, H S"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348561", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for disposable N95 respirators. Re-usable elastomeric respirators may provide a suitable alternative. Proprietary elastomeric respirator filters may become depleted as demand increases. An alternative may be the virus/bacterial filters used in anaesthesia circuits, if they can be adequately fitted onto the elastomeric respirators. In addition, many re-usable elastomeric respirators do not filter exhaled breaths. If used for sterile procedures, this would also require modification. We designed a 3D-printed adaptor that permits elastomeric respirators to interface with anaesthesia circuit filters and created a simple modification to divert exhaled breaths through the filter. We conducted a feasibility study evaluating the performance of our modified elastomeric respirators. A convenience sample of eight volunteers was recruited. Quantitative fit testing, respiratory rate and end-tidal carbon dioxide were recorded during fit testing exercises and after 1\u00a0h of wear. All eight volunteers obtained excellent quantitative fit testing throughout the trial. The mean (SD) end-tidal carbon dioxide was 4.5 (0.5) kPa and 4.6 (0.4) kPa at baseline and after 1\u00a0h of wear (p\u00a0=\u00a00.148). The mean (SD) respiratory rate was 17 (4) breaths.min-1 and 17 (3) breaths.min-1 at baseline and after 1\u00a0h of wear (p\u00a0=\u00a00.435). Four out of eight subjects self-reported discomfort; two reported facial pressure, one reported exhalation resistance and one reported transient dizziness on exertion. Re-usable elastomeric respirators to utilise anaesthesia circuit filters through a 3D-printed adaptor may be a potential alternative to disposable N95 respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32522813, "title": "Relational ethical approaches to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Jeffrey, David Ian"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522813", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Key ethical challenges for healthcare workers arising from the COVID-19 pandemic are identified: isolation and social distancing, duty of care and fair access to treatment. The paper argues for a relational approach to ethics which includes solidarity, relational autonomy, duty, equity, trust and reciprocity as core values. The needs of the poor and socially disadvantaged are highlighted. Relational autonomy and solidarity are explored in relation to isolation and social distancing. Reciprocity is discussed with reference to healthcare workers' duty of care and its limits. Priority setting and access to treatment raise ethical issues of utility and equity. Difficult ethical dilemmas around triage, do not resuscitate decisions, and withholding and withdrawing treatment are discussed in the light of recently published guidelines. The paper concludes with the hope for a wider discussion of relational ethics and a glimpse of a future after the pandemic has subsided."}, {"pmid": 32510648, "title": "Urticarial vasculitis in COVID-19 infection: a vasculopathy-related symptom?", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["de Perosanz-Lobo, D", "Fernandez-Nieto, D", "Burgos-Blasco, P", "Selda-Enriquez, G", "Carretero, I", "Moreno, C", "Fernandez-Guarino, M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510648", "countries": ["Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has been recently declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), being Italy and Spain the worst-hit European countries. Although the main clinical picture consists of fever and respiratory symptoms, an increasing number of studies have reported associated skin manifestations. Herein we present two patients with urticarial vasculitis arising in the context of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32390122, "pmcid": "PMC7211266", "title": "Low-dose CT in COVID-19 outbreak: radiation safety, image wisely, and image gently pledge.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Tofighi, Salar", "Najafi, Saeideh", "Johnston, Sean K", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390122", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289038, "pmcid": "PMC7136699", "title": "A comprehensive Chinese experience against SARS-CoV-2 in ophthalmology.", "journal": "Eye Vis (Lond)", "authors": ["Yu, A-Yong", "Tu, Ruixue", "Shao, Xu", "Pan, Anpeng", "Zhou, Kaijing", "Huang, Jinhai"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289038", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has now swept through the continents and poses a global threat to public health. Several investigations have been conducted to identify whether COVID-19 can be transmitted through the ocular route, and the conclusion is that it is a potential route but remains uncertain. Due to the face-to-face communication with patients, frequent exposure to tears and ocular discharge, and the unavoidable use of equipment which requires close proximity, ophthalmologists carry a high risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Based on 33 articles published by Chinese scholars, guidelines and clinical practice experience in domestic hospitals, we have summarized the Chinese experience through the lens of ophthalmology, hoping to make a contribution to protecting ophthalmologists and patients around the world."}, {"pmid": 32425285, "pmcid": "PMC7231491", "title": "Retrospective Analysis of Smell and Taste Disturbances Associated with Dermatological Medications Reported to the United States Food and Drug Administration and Relevance to COVID-19 Infections.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Wang, Yu", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425285", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360126, "title": "Myocardial injury and COVID-19: Possible mechanisms.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Babapoor-Farrokhran, Savalan", "Gill, Deanna", "Walker, Jackson", "Rasekhi, Roozbeh Tarighati", "Bozorgnia, Behnam", "Amanullah, Aman"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360126", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly progressed to a global health emergency. Respiratory illness is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients with the disease spectrum ranging from asymptomatic subclinical infection, to severe pneumonia progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome. There is growing evidence describing pathophysiological resemblance of SARS-CoV-2 infection with other coronavirus infections such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 receptors play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the virus. Disruption of this receptor leads to cardiomyopathy, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. Patients with cardiovascular disease are more likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and they are more likely to develop severe symptoms. Hypertension, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy and coronary heart disease are amongst major cardiovascular disease comorbidities seen in severe cases of COVID-19. There is growing literature exploring cardiac involvement in SARS-CoV-2. Myocardial injury is one of the important pathogenic features of COVID-19. As a surrogate for myocardial injury, multiple studies have shown increased cardiac biomarkers mainly cardiac troponins I and T in the infected patients especially those with severe disease. Myocarditis is depicted as another cause of morbidity amongst COVID-19 patients. The exact mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 can cause myocardial injury are not clearly understood. The proposed mechanisms of myocardial injury are direct damage to the cardiomyocytes, systemic inflammation, myocardial interstitial fibrosis, interferon mediated immune response, exaggerated cytokine response by Type 1 and 2 helper T cells, in addition to coronary plaque destabilization, and hypoxia."}, {"pmid": 32340539, "title": "Otolaryngology Education in the Setting of COVID-19: Current and Future Implications.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Comer, Brett T", "Gupta, Nikita", "Mowry, Sarah E", "Malekzadeh, Sonya"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340539", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic continues to garner extensive international attention. The pandemic has resulted in significant changes in clinical practice for otolaryngologists in the United States; many changes have been implemented to mitigate risks identified by otolaryngologists in other countries. COVID-19-induced limitations include social distancing and triaging of patient acuity. Additionally, a recent publication by Stanford University has drawn attention to the risks that otolaryngologists may face with regard to manipulation of the upper airway and mucosal disruption. As a result of COVID-19 recommendations, multiple institutions have overhauled resident clinical rotations and resident education. The result has been a rapid and significant change in resident education at most academic institutions. This commentary outlines the development of the otolaryngology resident education consortiums, with implications for future education within and outside of otolaryngology."}, {"pmid": 32491257, "title": "Clinical Potential of UTE-MRI for Assessing COVID-19: Patient- and Lesion-Based Comparative Analysis.", "journal": "J Magn Reson Imaging", "authors": ["Yang, Shuyi", "Zhang, Yunfei", "Shen, Jie", "Dai, Yongming", "Ling, Yun", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Zhang, Rengyin", "Ding, Xueting", "Qi, Huali", "Shi, Yuxin", "Zhang, Zhiyong", "Shan, Fei"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491257", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chest computed tomography (CT) has shown tremendous clinical potential for screening, diagnosis, and surveillance of COVID-19. However, safety concerns are warranted due to repeated exposure of X-rays over a short period of time. Recent advances in MRI suggested that ultrashort echo time MRI (UTE-MRI) was valuable for pulmonary applications. To evaluate the effectiveness of UTE-MRI for assessing COVID-19. Prospective. In all, 23 patients with COVID-19 and with an average interval of 2.81\u2009days between hospital admission and image examination. 3T; Respiratory-gated three-dimensional radial UTE pulse sequence. Image quality score. Patient- and lesion-based interobserver and intermethod agreement for identifying the representative image findings of COVID-19. Wilcoxon-rank sum test, Kendall's coefficient of concordance (Kendall's W), intraclass coefficients (ICCs), and weighted kappa statistics. There was no significant difference between the image quality of CT and UTE-MRI (CT vs. UTE-MRI: 4.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4 vs. 4.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5, P = 0.09). Moreover, both patient- and lesion-based interobserver agreement of CT and UTE-MRI for evaluating the image signs of COVID-19 were determined as excellent (ICC: 0.939-1.000, P\u2009<\u20090.05; Kendall's W: 0.894-1.000, P\u2009<\u20090.05.). In addition, the intermethod agreement of two image modalities for assessing the representative findings of COVID-19 including affected lobes, total severity score, ground glass opacities (GGO), consolidation, GGO with consolidation, the number of crazy paving pattern, and linear opacities, as well as pseudocavity were all determined as substantial or excellent (kappa: 0.649-1.000, P\u2009<\u20090.05; ICC: 0.913-1.000, P\u2009<\u20090.05). Pulmonary MRI with UTE is valuable for assessing the representative image findings of COVID-19 with a high concordance to CT. 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 3."}, {"pmid": 32501486, "title": "Early Intervention of Palliative Care in the Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Lee, Jihae", "Abrukin, Liliya", "Flores, Stefan", "Gavin, Nicholas", "Romney, Marie-Laure", "Blinderman, Craig D", "Nakagawa, Shunichi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501486", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398183, "pmcid": "PMC7261965", "title": "Just the Facts: What are the roles of oxygen escalation and noninvasive ventilation in COVID-19?", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Long, Brit", "Liang, Stephen Y", "Hicks, Christopher", "Gottlieb, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398183", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 37-year-old female presents with cough, fever, dyspnea, and myalgias for five days after recent contact with a family member with confirmed 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Her vital signs include T 38.3\u00b0 C, HR 108, BP 118/70\u00a0mm Hg, RR 26 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation 67% on room air. She is not in respiratory distress currently and is protecting her airway. Her chest X-ray reveals bilateral airspace opacities. You plan to immediately intervene and address her hypoxia."}, {"pmid": 32302207, "title": "CT of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Reference Standard Is Needed.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Erturk, Sukru Mehmet"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302207", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416776, "pmcid": "PMC7255171", "title": "Offline: Don't let COVID-19 divert us completely.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416776", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471203, "title": "Proactive COVID-19 Infection Prevention Measures in a Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Center.", "journal": "Medicina (Kaunas)", "authors": ["Lo, Jing-Jou", "Wang, Su-Chen", "Lee, Hsiu-Ying", "Lee, Su-Shin", "Lee, Hsiao-Chen", "Hung, Ching-Tzu", "Huang, Shu-Hung"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471203", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and its subsequent global spread, Taiwan has been combatting this pandemic. COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through droplets and aerosols, we cannot ignore the risk of transmission during hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Our hyperbaric oxygen therapy center prioritizes preventing the spread of COVID-19 and maintaining operation for the patients during the pandemic. The aim of this article is to share the protocol that we have adopted in our hyperbaric oxygen therapy center to help prevent the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32279479, "title": "Asymptomatic Patients with Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)", "journal": "Balkan Med J", "authors": ["An, Peng", "Song, Ping", "Wang, Yong", "Liu, Bo"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279479", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502646, "pmcid": "PMC7265854", "title": "Comparison of diagnostic accuracies of rapid serological tests and ELISA to molecular diagnostics in patients with suspected COVID-19 presenting to the hospital.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Ong, David S Y", "de Man, Stijn J", "Lindeboom, Fokke A", "Koeleman, Johannes G M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502646", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the diagnostic performance of rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic assays (LFAs) compared with an ELISA and nucleic acid amplification tests (NATs) in individuals with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients presenting to a Dutch teaching hospital were eligible between 17 March and 10 April 2020, when they had respiratory symptoms that were suspected for COVID-19. The performances of six different LFAs were evaluated in plasma samples obtained on corresponding respiratory sample dates of NATs testing. Subsequently, the best performing LFA was evaluated in 228 patients and in 50 sera of a historical patient control group. In the pilot analysis, sensitivity characteristics of LFA were heterogeneous, ranging from 2/20 (10%; 95% CI 0%-23%) to 11/20 (55%; 95% CI 33%-77%). In the total cohort, Orient Gene Biotech COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test LFA had a sensitivity of 43/99 (43%; 95% CI 34%-53%) and specificity of 126/129 (98%; 95% CI 95%-100%). Sensitivity increased to 31/52 (60%; 95% CI 46%-73%) in patients with at least 7\u00a0days of symptoms, and to 21/33 (64%; 95% CI 47%-80%) in patients with C-reactive protein (CRP) \u2265100 mg/L. Sensitivity and specificity of Wantai SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA was 59/95 (62%; 95% CI 52%-72%) and 125/128 (98%; 95% CI 95%-100%) in all patients, respectively, but sensitivity increased to 38/48 (79%; 95% CI 68%-91%) in patients with at least 7\u00a0days of symptoms. There is large variability in diagnostic test performance between rapid LFAs, but overall limited sensitivity and high specificity in acutely admitted patients. Sensitivity improved in patients with longer existing symptoms or high CRP. LFAs should only be considered as additional triage tools when these may lead to the improvement of hospital logistics."}, {"pmid": 32321000, "pmcid": "PMC7179993", "title": "The new coronavirus and the risk to children's health.", "journal": "Rev Lat Am Enfermagem", "authors": ["Vilelas, Jose Manuel da Silva"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321000", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468977, "title": "COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A MULTINATIONAL REPORT PROVIDING PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH OF ELDERLY.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Monteiro-Junior, Renato Sobral", "Carneiro, Lara S F", "Barca, Maria Lage", "Kristiansen, Kari Midtbo", "Sampaio, Cristina Andrade", "Haikal, Desiree Sant'Ana", "Antunes, Leda", "Leao, Luana Lemos", "Deslandes, Andrea Camaz"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468977", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250493, "title": "Life in the pandemic: Social isolation and mental health.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Usher, Kim", "Bhullar, Navjot", "Jackson, Debra"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250493", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32120312, "pmcid": "PMC7125867", "title": "Asymptomatic novel coronavirus pneumonia patient outside Wuhan: The value of CT images in the course of the disease.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Lin, Chen", "Ding, Yuxiao", "Xie, Bin", "Sun, Zhujian", "Li, Xiaogang", "Chen, Zixian", "Niu, Meng"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32120312", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this case report is to describe the imaging and associated clinical features of an asymptomatic novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) patient outside Wuhan, China. The principle findings are that in this patient with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, CT findings preceded symptoms and included bilateral pleural effusions, previously not reported in association with COVID-19. The role of this case report is promotion of potential recognition amongst radiologists of this new disease, which has been declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO)."}, {"pmid": 32515397, "title": "Clinical nursing care guidance for management of patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Sharma, Suresh K", "Nuttall, Craig", "Kalyani, Vasantha"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515397", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease, which has human-to-human transmission through droplet and contact. It is commonly manifested as fever, dry cough, myalgia, and dyspnoea; the severity of this disease may range from mild, severe to a critical-illness. Currently, there is no definitive treatment or vaccine for COVID-19. The only proven form of management is isolation and supportive care. Therefore, nurses have a pivotal role to play in its management. This evidence-based comprehensive literature review provides the role of nurses in the management of patients with COVID-19, which starts from the initial assessment and triaging, sample collection, care of patients with mild-to-moderate symptoms, care of the critically-ill patient, and care of the dead body."}, {"pmid": 32244498, "pmcid": "PMC7177660", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Quality of Life among Local Residents in Liaoning Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Zhang, Yingfei", "Ma, Zheng Feei"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244498", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our study aimed to investigate the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local Chinese residents aged \u226518 years in Liaoning Province, mainland China. An online survey was distributed through a social media platform between January and February 2020. Participants completed a modified validated questionnaire that assessed the Impact of Event Scale (IES), indicators of negative mental health impacts, social and family support, and mental health-related lifestyle changes. A total of 263 participants (106 males and 157 females) completed the study. The mean age of the participants was 37.7 \u00b1 14.0 years, and 74.9% had a high level of education. The mean IES score in the participants was 13.6 \u00b1 7.7, reflecting a mild stressful impact. Only 7.6% of participants had an IES score \u226526. The majority of participants (53.3%) did not feel helpless due to the pandemic. On the other hand, 52.1% of participants felt horrified and apprehensive due to the pandemic. Additionally, the majority of participants (57.8-77.9%) received increased support from friends and family members, increased shared feeling and caring with family members and others. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with mild stressful impact in our sample, even though the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing. These findings would need to be verified in larger population studies."}, {"pmid": 32229062, "pmcid": "PMC7118544", "title": "Necessitating repeated chest CT in COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Li, Meng", "Zhang, Li-Jing", "Tian, Gui-Hua", "Hao, Xue-Zeng"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229062", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451796, "pmcid": "PMC7247282", "title": "ASNC's efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451796", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467201, "pmcid": "PMC7241931", "title": "COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Pitalia, Shikha"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467201", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442404, "pmcid": "PMC7211590", "title": "Biomedical Research Goes Viral: Dangers and Opportunities.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Zeggini, Eleftheria", "Baumann, Michael", "Gotz, Magdalena", "Herzig, Stephan", "Hrabe de Angelis, Martin", "Tschop, Matthias H"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442404", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Researchers around the globe have been mounting, accelerating, and redeploying efforts across disciplines and organizations to tackle the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. However, humankind continues to be afflicted by numerous other devastating diseases in increasing numbers. Here, we outline considerations and opportunities toward striking a good balance between maintaining and redefining research priorities."}, {"pmid": 32471794, "pmcid": "PMC7241366", "title": "Imported and locally transmitted mild SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia cases in Japan.", "journal": "J Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Tochitani, Kentaro", "Iwamoto, Nobuki", "Motobayashi, Hirofumi", "Yamamoto, Shungo", "Shimizu, Tsunehiro"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471794", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here, we describe two mild SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia cases. One was imported from Wuhan, and the other was locally transmitted in Japan without recent travel to China. In both cases, lower respiratory tract symptoms were observed first, and high fever progressed in about one week. The laboratory findings revealed normal WBC and CRP despite apparent lung infiltrations, and typical observations on CT imaging were important diagnostic clues. In the domestic endemic situation, a comprehensive evaluation of the clinical course, and laboratory and radiological findings was required for diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32345857, "pmcid": "PMC7202115", "title": "COVID 19 and Neuroinvasion.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Prabhakar, Hemanshu", "Mahajan, Charu", "Kapoor, Indu"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345857", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501338, "pmcid": "PMC7255277", "title": "Some African countries begin to ease coronavirus lockdowns.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Vaughan, Adam"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501338", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365703, "title": "Estimation of the Excess COVID-19 Cases in Seoul, South Korea by the Students Arriving from China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Ryu, Sukhyun", "Ali, Sheikh Taslim", "Lim, Jun-Sik", "Chun, Byung Chul"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365703", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: In March 2020, overall, 37,000 international students from China, a country at risk of the 2019-novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has arrived in Seoul, South Korea. Individuals from the country at risk of COVID-19 infection have been included in the Korean home-quarantine program, but the efficacy of the program is uncertain. Methods: To estimate the possible number of infected individuals within the large influx of international students from China, we used a deterministic compartmental model for epidemic and performed a simulation-based search of different rates of compliance with home-quarantine. Results: Under the home-quarantine program, the number of the infected individuals would reach 40-72 from 12 March-24 March with the arrival of 0.2% of pre-infectious individuals. Furthermore, the number of isolated individuals would peak at 40-64 from 13 March-27 March in Seoul, South Korea. Our findings indicated when incoming international students showed strict compliance with quarantine, epidemics by the international student from China were less likely to occur in Seoul, South Korea. Conclusions: To mitigate possible epidemics, additional efforts to improve the compliance of home-quarantine of the individuals from countries with the virus risk are warranted along with other containment policies."}, {"pmid": 32247029, "pmcid": "PMC7194858", "title": "The global impact of COVID-19 on vascular surgical services.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Ng, Jun Jie", "Ho, Pei", "Dharmaraj, Rajesh Babu", "Wong, Julian C L", "Choong, Andrew M T L"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247029", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386562, "pmcid": "PMC7252066", "title": "COVID-19 in a 26-week preterm neonate.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Piersigilli, Fiammetta", "Carkeek, Katherine", "Hocq, Catheline", "van Grambezen, Benedicte", "Hubinont, Corinne", "Chatzis, Olga", "Van der Linden, Dimitri", "Danhaive, Olivier"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386562", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408369, "title": "[The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Consequences for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery: a comment from the Graz University Hospital].", "journal": "Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir", "authors": ["Kamolz, Lars-Peter", "Spendel, Stephan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408369", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349120, "title": "Population flow drives spatio-temporal distribution of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Jia, Jayson S", "Lu, Xin", "Yuan, Yun", "Xu, Ge", "Jia, Jianmin", "Christakis, Nicholas A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349120", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sudden, large-scale and diffuse human migration can amplify localized outbreaks of disease into widespread epidemics1-4. Rapid and accurate tracking of aggregate population flows may therefore be epidemiologically informative. Here we use 11,478,484\u00a0counts of mobile phone data from individuals leaving or transiting through the prefecture of Wuhan between 1\u00a0January and 24\u00a0January 2020 as they moved to 296\u00a0prefectures throughout mainland\u00a0China. First, we document the efficacy of quarantine in ceasing movement. Second, we show that the distribution of population outflow from Wuhan accurately predicts the relative frequency and geographical distribution of infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) until 19\u00a0February 2020, across mainland China. Third, we develop a spatio-temporal 'risk source' model that leverages population flow data (which operationalize the risk that emanates from epidemic epicentres) not only to forecast the distribution of confirmed cases, but also to identify regions that have a high risk of transmission at an early stage. Fourth, we use this risk source model to statistically derive the geographical spread of COVID-19 and the growth pattern based on the population outflow from Wuhan; the model yields a benchmark trend and an index for assessing the risk of community transmission of COVID-19 over time for different locations. This approach can be used by policy-makers in any nation with available data to make rapid and accurate risk assessments and to plan the allocation of limited resources ahead of ongoing outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32425321, "pmcid": "PMC7229718", "title": "Neurologic complications of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Bridwell, Rachel", "Long, Brit", "Gottlieb, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425321", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Much of the focus regarding the global pandemic of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has been on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic complications. However, neurologic complications have arisen as an increasingly recognized area of morbidity and mortality. This brief report summarizes the neurologic complications associated with COVID-19 with an emphasis on the emergency medicine clinician. COVID-19 has infected over 3.5 million people and killed over 240,000 people worldwide. While pulmonary complications are profound, the neurologic system is also significantly impacted, with complications including acute cerebrovascular events, encephalitis, Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome, acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Additionally, patients on immunosuppressive medications for pre-existing neurologic issues are at an increased risk for complications with COVID-19 infection, and many of the currently proposed COVID-19 therapies can interact with these medications. When caring for COVID-19 patients, emergency medicine clinicians should be aware of the neurologic complications from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32461417, "title": "Commentary: Gamifying teleconsultation during COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Akkara, John D", "Kuriakose, Anju"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461417", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305082, "pmcid": "PMC7162646", "title": "Sustaining containment of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305082", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386018, "title": "Value of CT application in the screening,diagnosis,and treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Li, Ge", "Xiong, Zeng", "Zhou, Hui", "Xie, Jiangping", "Chen, Wei", "Zhou, Moling", "Zhu, Zhiming", "Zhou, Gaofeng", "Liu, Jinkang"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386018", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has attracted extensive attention all around the world recently. Early screening, early diagnosis, early isolation, and early treatment remain the most effective prevention and control measures. Computed tomography (CT) plays a vital role in the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of COVID-19, especially in the early screening, with a higher sensitivity than that of real-time fluorescence RT-PCR. The combination of CT and artificial intelligence has the potential to help clinicians in improving the diagnostic accuracy and working efficiency."}, {"pmid": 32266867, "pmcid": "PMC7256351", "title": "In-silico homology assisted identification of inhibitor of RNA binding against 2019-nCoV N-protein (N terminal domain).", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Sarma, Phulen", "Shekhar, Nishant", "Prajapat, Manisha", "Avti, Pramod", "Kaur, Hardeep", "Kumar, Subodh", "Singh, Sanjay", "Kumar, Harish", "Prakash, Ajay", "Dhibar, Deba Prasad", "Medhi, Bikash"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266867", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The N terminal domain (NTD) of Nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of coronavirus (CoV) binds to the viral (+) sense RNA and results in CoV ribonucleoprotien (CoV RNP) complex, essential for the virus replication. In this study, the RNA-binding N terminal domain (NTD) of the N protein was targeted for the identification of possible inhibitors of RNA binding. Two NTD structures of N proteins were selected (2OFZ and 1SSK, 92% homology) for virtual screening of 56,079 compounds from Asinex and Maybridge library to identify top 15 hits for each of the targets based on 'docking score'. These top-hits were further screened for MM-GBSA binding free energy, pharmacokinetic properties (QikProp) and drug-likeness (SwissADME) and subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) studies. Two suitable binders (ZINC00003118440 and ZINC0000146942) against the target 2OFZ were identified. ZINC00003118440 is a theophylline derivative under the drug class 'bronchodilators' and further screening with approved bronchodilators was also studied to identify their ability to bind to the RNA binding region on the N protein. The other identified top hit is ZINC0000146942, which is a 3,4dihydropyrimidone class molecule. Hence this study suggests two important class of compounds, theophylline and pyrimidone derivaties as possible inhibitors of RNA binding to the N terminal domain of N protein of coronavirus, thus opening new avenues for in vitro validations.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32504967, "pmcid": "PMC7260545", "title": "Novel method of performing brachial plexus block using an aerosol box during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kulkarni, Rammurthy R", "Stephen, Madona", "Shashank, Amrita", "Mandhal, Lavanya N"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504967", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473230, "pmcid": "PMC7251410", "title": "Early administration of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir could prevent severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Klement-Frutos, Elise", "Burrel, Sonia", "Peytavin, Gilles", "Marot, Stephane", "Le, Minh P", "Godefroy, Nagisa", "Calvez, Vincent", "Marcelin, Anne-Genevieve", "Caumes, Eric", "Pourcher, Valerie", "Boutolleau, David"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473230", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32053580, "pmcid": "PMC7017960", "title": "Erratum: Vol. 69, No. 5.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32053580", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255761, "title": "High Contagiousness and Rapid Spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Sanche, Steven", "Lin, Yen Ting", "Xu, Chonggang", "Romero-Severson, Ethan", "Hengartner, Nick", "Ke, Ruian"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255761", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the causative agent of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease pandemic. Initial estimates of the early dynamics of the outbreak in Wuhan, China, suggested a doubling time of the number of infected persons of 6-7 days and a basic reproductive number (R0) of 2.2-2.7. We collected extensive individual case reports across China and estimated key epidemiologic parameters, including the incubation period. We then designed 2 mathematical modeling approaches to infer the outbreak dynamics in Wuhan by using high-resolution domestic travel and infection data. Results show that the doubling time early in the epidemic in Wuhan was 2.3-3.3 days. Assuming a serial interval of 6-9 days, we calculated a median R0 value of 5.7 (95% CI 3.8-8.9). We further show that active surveillance, contact tracing, quarantine, and early strong social distancing efforts are needed to stop transmission of the virus."}, {"pmid": 32468631, "title": "Vaccine Rationing and the Urgency of Social Justice in the Covid-19 Response.", "journal": "Hastings Cent Rep", "authors": ["Schmidt, Harald"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468631", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic needs to be considered from two perspectives simultaneously. First, there are questions about which policies are most effective and fair in the here and now, as the pandemic unfolds. These polices concern, for example, who should receive priority in being tested, how to implement contact tracing, or how to decide who should get ventilators or vaccines when not all can. Second, it is imperative to anticipate the medium- and longer-term consequences that these policies have. The case of vaccine rationing is particularly instructive. Ethical, epidemiological, and economic reasons demand that rationing approaches give priority to groups who have been structurally and historically disadvantaged, even if this means that overall life years gained may be lower."}, {"pmid": 32398307, "pmcid": "PMC7236821", "title": "Distinct features of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA response in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Yu, Hai-Qiong", "Sun, Bao-Qing", "Fang, Zhang-Fu", "Zhao, Jin-Cun", "Liu, Xiao-Yu", "Li, Yi-Min", "Sun, Xi-Zhuo", "Liang, Hong-Feng", "Zhong, Bei", "Huang, Zhi-Feng", "Zheng, Pei-Yan", "Tian, Li-Feng", "Qu, Hui-Qi", "Liu, De-Chen", "Wang, Er-Yi", "Xiao, Xiao-Jun", "Li, Shi-Yue", "Ye, Feng", "Guan, Li", "Hu, Dong-Sheng", "Hakonarson, Hakon", "Liu, Zhi-Gang", "Zhong, Nan-Shan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398307", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32142621, "pmcid": "PMC7129735", "title": "Risk of COVID-19 for patients with cancer.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Wang, Hanping", "Zhang, Li"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142621", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346616, "pmcid": "PMC7185953", "title": "Frequent handwashing amidst the COVID-19 outbreak: prevention of hand irritant contact dermatitis and other considerations.", "journal": "Health Sci Rep", "authors": ["Abtahi-Naeini, Bahareh"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346616", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277408, "pmcid": "PMC7146072", "title": "First case of COVID-19 complicated with fulminant myocarditis: a case report and insights.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Zeng, Jia-Hui", "Liu, Ying-Xia", "Yuan, Jing", "Wang, Fu-Xiang", "Wu, Wei-Bo", "Li, Jin-Xiu", "Wang, Li-Fei", "Gao, Hong", "Wang, Yao", "Dong, Chang-Feng", "Li, Yi-Jun", "Xie, Xiao-Juan", "Feng, Cheng", "Liu, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277408", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been demonstrated to be the cause of pneumonia. Nevertheless, it has not been reported as the cause of acute myocarditis or fulminant myocarditis. A 63-year-old male was admitted with pneumonia and cardiac symptoms. He was genetically confirmed as having COVID-19 according to sputum testing on the day of admission. He also had elevated troponin I (Trop I) level (up to 11.37\u00a0g/L) and diffuse myocardial dyskinesia along with a decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on echocardiography. The highest level of interleukin-6 was 272.40\u00a0pg/ml. Bedside chest radiographs showed typical ground-glass changes indicative of viral pneumonia. Laboratory test results for viruses that cause myocarditis were all negative. The patient conformed to the diagnostic criteria of the Chinese expert consensus statement for fulminant myocarditis. After receiving antiviral therapy and mechanical life support, Trop I was reduced to 0.10\u00a0g/L, and interleukin-6 was reduced to 7.63\u00a0pg/mL. Moreover, the LVEF of the patient gradually recovered to 68%. The patient died of aggravation of secondary infection on the 33rd day of hospitalization. COVID-19 patients may develop severe cardiac complications such as myocarditis and heart failure. This is the first report of COVID-19 complicated with fulminant myocarditis. The mechanism of cardiac pathology caused by COVID-19 needs further study."}, {"pmid": 32071448, "title": "Coronavirus: global solutions to prevent a pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Watts, Charlotte H", "Vallance, Patrick", "Whitty, Christopher J M"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32071448", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348041, "title": "[Emergency Medical Services: COVID-19 crisis].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Maudet, Ludovic", "Sarasin, Francois", "Dami, Fabrice", "Carron, Pierre-Nicolas", "Pasquier, Mathieu"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348041", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic required rapid and frequent adaptations from the prehospital emergency medical services (EMS). The exposure of EMS providers is significant, particularly during procedures at risk of aerosolization such as advanced airways management or cardiopulmonary resuscitation. EMS personal need to be equipped with appropriate personal protective equipment and trained in its use. Interhospital transfers from COVID-19 patients are complex and involve mainly intubated patients. The possible shortage of resources may motivate the implementation of dedicated pre-hospital triage and orientation recommendations, which should be consistent with the hospital processes."}, {"pmid": 32469731, "pmcid": "PMC7245251", "title": "Safe extubation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Kangas-Dick, Aaron W", "Swearingen, Bruce", "Wan, Elias", "Chawla, Kabu", "Wiesel, Ory"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469731", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Extubation of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a high risk procedure for both patients and staff. Shortages in personal protective equipment (PPE) and the high volume of contact staff have with COVID-19 patients has generated an interest in ways to reduce exposure that might be feasible especially during pandemic times and in resource limited healthcare settings. The development of portable barrier hood devices (or intubation/extubation boxes) is an area of interest for many clinicians due to the theoretical reduction in aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus for COVID-19. We present a review of the current literature along with recommendations concerning safe extubation during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, a focused summary on the use of portable barrier hood devices, during the recent surge of COVID-19 is highlighted."}, {"pmid": 32251726, "pmcid": "PMC7129235", "title": "The use of Traditional Chinese Medicines to treat SARS-CoV-2 may cause more harm than good.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Gray, Paul E", "Belessis, Yvonne"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251726", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482844, "title": "Ethical decision-making for children with neuromuscular disorders in the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Laventhal, Naomi T", "Graham, Robert J", "Rasmussen, Sonja A", "Urion, David K", "Kang, Peter B"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482844", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The sudden appearance and proliferation of COVID-19 has forced societies and governmental authorities across the world to confront the possibility of resource constraints when critical care facilities are overwhelmed by the sheer numbers of grievously ill patients. As governments and health care systems develop and update policies and guidelines regarding the allocation of resources, patients and families affected by chronic disabilities, including many neuromuscular disorders that affect children and young adults, have become alarmed at the possibility that they may be determined to have less favorable prognoses due to their underlying diagnoses and thus be assigned to lower priority groups. It is important for health care workers, policymakers, and government officials to be aware that the long term prognoses for children and young adults with neuromuscular disorders are often more promising than previously believed, due to a better understanding of the natural history of these diseases, benefits of multidisciplinary supportive care, and novel molecular therapies that can dramatically improve the disease course. Although the realities of a global pandemic have the potential to require a shift from our usual, highly individualistic standards of care to crisis standards of care, shifting priorities should nonetheless be informed by good facts. Resource allocation guidelines with the potential to affect children and young adults with neuromuscular disorders should take into account the known trajectory of acute respiratory illness in this population, and rely primarily on contemporary long-term outcome data."}, {"pmid": 32325642, "pmcid": "PMC7216271", "title": "A Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Lu, Renfei", "Wu, Xiuming", "Wan, Zhenzhou", "Li, Yingxue", "Jin, Xia", "Zhang, Chiyu"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325642", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become a major global public health burden, currently causing a rapidly growing number of infections and significant morbidity and mortality around the world. Early detection with fast and sensitive assays and timely intervention are crucial for interrupting the spread of the COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2). Using a mismatch-tolerant amplification technique, we developed a simple, rapid, sensitive and visual reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection based on its N gene. The assay has a high specificity and sensitivity, and robust reproducibility, and its results can be monitored using a real-time PCR machine or visualized via colorimetric change from red to yellow. The limit of detection (LOD) of the assay is 118.6 copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA per 25 \u03bcL reaction. The reaction can be completed within 30 min for real-time fluorescence monitoring, or 40 min for visual detection when the template input is more than 200 copies per 25 \u03bcL reaction. To evaluate the viability of the assay, a comparison between the RT-LAMP and a commercial RT-qPCR assay was made using 56 clinical samples. The SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP assay showed perfect agreement in detection with the RT-qPCR assay. The newly-developed SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP assay is a simple and rapid method for COVID-19 surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32341908, "pmcid": "PMC7182749", "title": "Diagnostic and digital solutions to address the COVID-19 pandemic: The need for international collaboration to close the gap.", "journal": "Health Policy Technol", "authors": ["Kyhlstedt, Mattias", "Andersson, Sarah Wamala"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341908", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241182, "title": "2019 CORONAVIRUS: What are the implications for cardiology?", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Ferrari, R", "Di Pasquale, G", "Rapezzi, C"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241182", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229288, "pmcid": "PMC7118617", "title": "Molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2 from the first case of COVID-19 in Italy.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Capobianchi, M R", "Rueca, M", "Messina, F", "Giombini, E", "Carletti, F", "Colavita, F", "Castilletti, C", "Lalle, E", "Bordi, L", "Vairo, F", "Nicastri, E", "Ippolito, G", "Gruber, C E M", "Bartolini, B"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229288", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317790, "pmcid": "PMC7173355", "title": "Maintenance of ophthalmic specialist out-patient service during the COVID-19 outbreak: The University of Hong Kong experience.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Shih, C Kendrick", "Chan, Jonathan C H", "Lai, Jimmy S M"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317790", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251148, "title": "COVID-19 in the Nuclear Medicine Department, be prepared for ventilation scans as well!", "journal": "Nucl Med Commun", "authors": ["Zuckier, Lionel S", "Gordon, Sharon R"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444452, "title": "COVID-19 lockdown dropped the rate of paediatric asthma admissions.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Krivec, Uros", "Kofol Seliger, Andreja", "Tursic, Janja"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444452", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32160739, "title": "[Prone ventilation for novel coronavirus pneumonia: no time to delay].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Pan, C", "Zhang, W", "Du, B", "Qiu, H B", "Huang, Y Z"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160739", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381485, "title": "Covid-19: Allow pharmacists to dispense controlled drugs without prescription, urge specialists.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381485", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475804, "pmcid": "PMC7247978", "title": "Spontaneous pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19 patient: Case report.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Ucpinar, Burcin Agridag", "Sahin, Cennet", "Yanc, Ugur"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475804", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As known, COVID-19 has become a global pandemic and serious health problem. Disease mainly affects lungs and common findings are fever cough and shortness of breath. Computerized tomography (CT) has an important role in initial evaluation and follow up of COVID-19. Main (CT) finding of the disease is bilateral extensive ground-glass opacification (GGO) with a peripheral or posterior distribution, mainly involving the lower lobes. In this case report, we present a pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema case in a patient with COVID-19. To the best of authors' knowledge, it is the first illustrated case of pneumothorax accompanying COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32271627, "title": "Self-Isolation Compliance In The COVID-19 Era Influenced By Compensation: Findings From A Recent Survey In Israel.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Bodas, Moran", "Peleg, Kobi"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271627", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To contain the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, health and government authorities have imposed sweeping self-quarantine orders for communities worldwide. Health officials assume that the public will have high rates of compliance. However, studies suggest that a major obstacle to compliance for household quarantine is concern about loss of income. A cross-sectional study of the adult population of Israel was conducted in the last week of February\u00a02020 to assess public attitudes toward the COVID-19 outbreak. In particular, public compliance rates with self-quarantine were assessed, depending on whether lost wages would be compensated for. When compensation was assumed, the compliance rate was 94\u00a0percent. When compensation was removed, the compliance rate dropped to less than 57\u00a0percent. This study demonstrated that providing people with assurances about their livelihoods during self-quarantine is an important component of compliance with public health regulations."}, {"pmid": 32385047, "pmcid": "PMC7228484", "title": "Off the back burner: diverse and gender-inclusive decision-making for COVID-19 response and recovery.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Bali, Sulzhan", "Dhatt, Roopa", "Lal, Arush", "Jama, Amina", "Van Daalen, Kim", "Sridhar, Devi"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385047", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267530, "title": "COVID-19 and Family Doctors.", "journal": "Fam Med", "authors": ["Chen, Frederick M"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267530", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501130, "title": "Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): new challenges and new responsibilities in developing countries.", "journal": "Hum Vaccin Immunother", "authors": ["Anjum, Faisal Rasheed", "Anam, Sidra", "Rahman, Sajjad Ur"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501130", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which belongs to the genus Coronaviridae with its high mutation rate. From the current perspective, we discuss the current status of COVID-19, new challenges, and potential interventions to control the pandemic in developing counties such as Pakistan."}, {"pmid": 32291202, "pmcid": "PMC7151362", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak: From \"black swan\" to global challenges and opportunities.", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Mazzoleni, Stefano", "Turchetti, Giuseppe", "Ambrosino, Nicolino"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291202", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291104, "pmcid": "PMC7151256", "title": "Community-based prevention and control of COVID-19: Experience from China.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Zhang, Yuhang", "Zhao, Qiu", "Hu, Bing"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291104", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241325, "pmcid": "PMC7160162", "title": "How Is COVID-19 Affecting South Korea? What Is Our Current Strategy?", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Her, Minyoung"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241325", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 is expanding globally. South Korea is one of the countries most affected by COVID-19 from the very early stages of this pandemic. Explosive outbreaks occurred across South Korea in the first two months, and efforts to control this new virus have involved everyone across the country. To curb the transmission of the virus, health-care professionals, committees, and governments have combined many approaches, such as extensive COVID-19 screening, effective patient triage, the transparent provision of information, and the use of information technology. This experience could provide some valuable ideas and lessons to others who are fighting against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32372877, "pmcid": "PMC7194611", "title": "Charged PVDF multilayer nanofiber filter in filtering simulated airborne novel coronavirus (COVID-19) using ambient nano-aerosols.", "journal": "Sep Purif Technol", "authors": ["Leung, Wallace Woon-Fong", "Sun, Qiangqiang"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372877", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19), average size 100\u00a0nm, can be aerosolized by cough, sneeze, speech and breath of infected persons. The airborne carrier for the COVID-19 can be tiny droplets and particulates from infected person, fine suspended mists (humidity) in air, or ambient aerosols in air. To-date, unfortunately there are no test standards for nano-aerosols (\u2264100 nm). A goal in our study is to develop air filters (e.g. respirator, facemask, ventilator, medical breathing filter/system) with 90% capture on 100-nm airborne COVID-19 with pressure drop of less than 30\u00a0Pa (3.1\u00a0mm water). There are two challenges. First, this airborne bio-nanoaerosol (combined virus and carrier) is amorphous unlike cubic NaCl crystals. Second, unlike standard laboratory tests on NaCl and test oil (DOP) droplets, these polydispersed aerosols all challenge the filter simultaneously and they are of different sizes and can interact among themselves complicating the filtration process. For the first time, we have studied these two effects using ambient aerosols (simulating the bio-nanoaerosols of coronavirus plus carrier of different shapes and sizes) to challenge electrostatically charged multilayer/multimodule nanofiber filters. This problem is fundamentally complicated due to mechanical and electrostatic interactions among aerosols of different sizes with induced charges of different magnitudes. The test filters were arranged in 2, 4, and 6 multiple-modules stack-up with each module having 0.765\u00a0g/m2 of charged PVDF nanofibers (mean diameter 525\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0191\u00a0nm). This configuration minimized electrical interference among neighboring charged nanofibers and reduced flow resistance in the filter. For ambient aerosol size>80\u00a0nm (applicable to the smallest COVID-19), the electrostatic effect contributes 100-180% more efficiency to the existing mechanical efficiency (due to diffusion and interception) depending on the number of modules in the filter. By stacking-up modules to increase fiber basis weight in the filter, a 6-layer charged nanofiber filter achieved 88%, 88% and 96% filtration efficiency for, respectively, 55-nm, 100-nm and 300-nm ambient aerosol. This is very close to attaining our set goal of 90%-efficiency on the 100-nm ambient aerosol. The pressure drop for the 6-layer nanofiber filter was only 26\u00a0Pa (2.65\u00a0mm water column) which was below our limit of 30\u00a0Pa (3.1\u00a0mm water). For the test multi-module filters, a high 'quality factor' (efficiency-to-pressure-drop ratio) of about 0.1 to 0.13\u00a0Pa-1 can be consistently maintained, which was far better than conventional filters. Using the same PVDF 6-layer charged nanofiber filter, laboratory tests results using monodispersed NaCl aerosols of 50, 100, and 300\u00a0nm yielded filtration efficiency, respectively, 92%, 94% and 98% (qualified for 'N98 standard') with same pressure drop of 26\u00a0Pa. The 2-6% discrepancy in efficiency for the NaCl aerosols was primarily attributed to the absence of interaction among aerosols of different sizes using monodispersed NaCl aerosols in the laboratory. This discrepancy can be further reduced with increasing number of modules in the filter and for larger 300-nm aerosol. The 6-layer charged nanofiber filter was qualified as a 'N98 respirator' (98% capture efficiency for 300-nm NaCl aerosols) but with pressure drop of only 2.65-mm water which was 1/10 below conventional N95 with 25-mm (exhaling) to 35-mm (inhaling) water column! The 6-layer charged PVDF nanofiber filter provides good personal protection against airborne COVID-19 virus and nano-aerosols from pollution based on the N98 standard, yet it is at least 10X more breathable than a conventional N95 respirator."}, {"pmid": 32371570, "pmcid": "PMC7228498", "title": "Governance of the Covid-19 response: a call for more inclusive and transparent decision-making.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Rajan, Dheepa", "Koch, Kira", "Rohrer, Katja", "Bajnoczki, Csongor", "Socha, Anna", "Voss, Maike", "Nicod, Marjolaine", "Ridde, Valery", "Koonin, Justin"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371570", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500099, "pmcid": "PMC7236579", "title": "Disability-inclusive COVID-19 response: What it is, why it is important and what we can learn from the United Kingdom's response.", "journal": "Wellcome Open Res", "authors": ["Kuper, Hannah", "Banks, Lena Morgon", "Bright, Tess", "Davey, Calum", "Shakespeare, Tom"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500099", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "All too often, disabled people are left behind in emergencies, and this is a risk in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This is an important issue, as globally there are approximately one billion people with disabilities. This number includes one in three people aged over 60, who are the group at greatest risk from COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic in the UK has highlighted additional difficulties that disabled people may face. Complying with preventative measures, like social distancing, can be challenging, particular for people who rely on carers. Disabled people may also be at greater risk of morbidity and mortality if they contract the virus, yet in danger of being de-prioritised for care. Many people with disabilities have ongoing healthcare needs, and these need to still be supported during the pandemic. Furthermore, people may become newly disabled as a result of the pandemic, and therefore require appropriate care. Good practice examples have emerged for meeting these challenges, such as guidance for healthcare professionals on treating people with dementia, but these need to be scaled up further and adapted for other settings. In conclusion, it is clear that a disability-inclusive COVID-19 response is needed, both in the UK and as the pandemic unfolds globally. This response will require inclusion of disability measures within data collection, consulting with disabled people, and tailoring responses to be appropriate for this group."}, {"pmid": 32330531, "pmcid": "PMC7172673", "title": "Managing Urology Consultations During COVID-19 Pandemic: Application of a Structured Care Pathway.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Borchert, Alex", "Baumgarten, Lee", "Dalela, Deepansh", "Jamil, Marcus", "Budzyn, Jeffrey", "Kovacevic, Natalija", "Yaguchi, Grace", "Palma-Zamora, Isaac", "Perkins, Sara", "Bazzi, Mahdi", "Wong, Phil", "Sood, Akshay", "Peabody, James", "Rogers, Craig G", "Dabaja, Ali", "Atiemo, Humphrey"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe and evaluate a risk-stratified triage pathway for inpatient urology consultations during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. This pathway seeks to outline a urology patient care strategy that reduces the transmission risk to both healthcare providers and patients, reduces the healthcare burden, and maintains appropriate patient care. Consultations to the urology service during a 3-week period (March 16 to April 2, 2020) were triaged and managed via one of 3 pathways: Standard, Telemedicine, or High-Risk. Standard consults were in-person consults with non COVID-19 patients, High-Risk consults were in-person consults with COVID-19 positive/suspected patients, and Telemedicine consults were telephonic consults for low-acuity urologic issues in either group of patients. Patient demographics, consultation parameters and consultation outcomes were compared to consultations from the month of March 2019. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square test and continuous variables using Mann-Whitney U test. A P value <.05 was considered significant. Between March 16 and April 2, 2020, 53 inpatient consultations were performed. By following our triage pathway, a total of 19/53 consultations (35.8%) were performed via Telemedicine with no in-person exposure, 10/53 consultations (18.9%) were High-Risk, in which we strictly controlled the urology team member in-person contact, and the remainder, 24/53 consultations (45.2%), were performed as Standard in-person encounters. COVID-19 associated consultations represented 18/53 (34.0%) of all consultations during this period, and of these, 8/18 (44.4%) were managed successfully via Telemedicine alone. No team member developed COVID-19 infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most urology consultations can be managed in a patient and physician safety-conscious manner, by implementing a novel triage pathway."}, {"pmid": 32486964, "title": "COVID-19 Awakens a New Focus on Surge Capacity Blood Glucose Testing and the Critical Role of Telehealth in Self-Management.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Fantz, Corinne R", "Rivers, Meredith"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486964", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388946, "title": "[Screening and management of asymptomatic infection of 2019-novel coronavirus].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hu, Z B", "Song, C"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388946", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, the prevention and control of COVID-19 in China has entered a critical period. Recently, various areas outside Hubei Province have gradually begun to resume work and production, but the development of the epidemic situation is still uncertain and complex. A few days ago, researchers gradually began to pay attention to asymptomatic infection of 2019-novel coronavirus and described the disease process of asymptomatic infection and the possibility of being a source of infection. This provided a scientific basis for further optimizing and improving epidemic prevention and control measures. Paying attention to the screening and self-protection of high-risk groups and strengthening the level of detection should be helpful to the detection and management of asymptomatic infection."}, {"pmid": 32443962, "title": "How COVID-19 Rapidly Transformed Clinical Practice at the Harold Schnitzer Diabetes Health Center Now and for the Future.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Castle, Jessica R", "Rocha, Lolis", "Ahmann, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443962", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462348, "pmcid": "PMC7251556", "title": "Onset of Covid-19 with impaired consciousness and ataxia: a case report.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Balestrino, R", "Rizzone, M", "Zibetti, M", "Romagnolo, A", "Artusi, C A", "Montanaro, E", "Lopiano, L"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462348", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439655, "title": "Covid-19: Two antibody tests are \"highly specific\" but vary in sensitivity, evaluations find.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439655", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298145, "title": "Role of Data Registries in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Alger, Heather M", "Williams, Joseph H 4th", "Walchok, Jason G", "Bolles, Michele", "Fonarow, Gregg C", "Rutan, Christine"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298145", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281287, "pmcid": "PMC7235532", "title": "Risk of COVID-19 for patients with obesity.", "journal": "Obes Rev", "authors": ["Kassir, Radwan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281287", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311668, "pmcid": "PMC7161502", "title": "SARS-Cov-2 infection: Response of human immune system and possible implications for the rapid test and treatment.", "journal": "Int Immunopharmacol", "authors": ["di Mauro Gabriella", "Cristina, Scavone", "Concetta, Rafaniello", "Francesco, Rossi", "Annalisa, Capuano"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311668", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus outbreak is an ongoing pandemic that is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The new coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 belongs to the subfamily of \u03b2-coronaviruses and shares 79.5% of the genetic sequence of SARS-CoV, the causative agent of the epidemic that started in 2002 and ended in 2004. Considering the clinical impact of the new outbreak, it is highly important to study the potential responses of the human immune system during the SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as the role of virus-specific T cells and by B-lymphocytes. Moreover, specific data on the production of IgG and IgM is crucial to allow the rapid identification of the infection. In this paper we also described the importance of sensitive and specific rapid test for SARS-CoV-2. Indeed, this test represents an important immunological tool aimed at identifying the precise phase of the infection in order to undertake a more appropriate pharmacological treatment. Lastly, we provided an overview of pharmacological treatments aimed to reduce inflammatory processes underlying the infection and the need for the discovery of a new vaccine against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32320081, "pmcid": "PMC7264804", "title": "How to Perform Pediatric Lung Ultrasound Examinations in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["De Rose, Cristina", "Inchingolo, Riccardo", "Smargiassi, Andrea", "Zampino, Giuseppe", "Valentini, Piero", "Buonsenso, Danilo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320081", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494929, "pmcid": "PMC7268592", "title": "COVID-19: 10 things I wished I'd known some months ago.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Pickkers, Peter", "van der Hoeven, Hans", "Citerio, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494929", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181488, "pmcid": "PMC7184469", "title": "The positive impact of lockdown in Wuhan on containing the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Lau, Hien", "Khosrawipour, Veria", "Kocbach, Piotr", "Mikolajczyk, Agata", "Schubert, Justyna", "Bania, Jacek", "Khosrawipour, Tanja"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181488", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With its epicenter in Wuhan, China, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). Consequently, many countries have implemented flight restrictions to China. China itself has imposed a lockdown of the population of Wuhan as well as the entire Hubei province. However, whether these two enormous measures have led to significant changes in the spread of COVID-19 cases remains unclear. We analyzed the available data on the development of confirmed domestic and international COVID-19 cases before and after lockdown measures. We evaluated the correlation of domestic air traffic to the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and determined the growth curves of COVID-19 cases within China before and after lockdown as well as after changes in COVID-19 diagnostic criteria. Our findings indicate a significant increase in doubling time from 2\u00a0days (95% CI: 1.9-2.6) to 4\u00a0days (95% CI: 3.5-4.3), after imposing lockdown. A further increase is detected after changing diagnostic and testing methodology to 19.3 (95% CI: 15.1-26.3), respectively. Moreover, the correlation between domestic air traffic and COVID-19 spread became weaker following lockdown (before lockdown: r\u00a0=\u20090.98, P\u00a0<\u20090.05 vs after lockdown: r\u00a0=\u20090.91, P\u00a0=\u2009NS). A significantly decreased growth rate and increased doubling time of cases was observed, which is most likely due to Chinese lockdown measures. A more stringent confinement of people in high risk areas seems to have a potential to slow down the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32415992, "pmcid": "PMC7267126", "title": "Emerging cardiological issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Everaert, Bert", "Muylle, Jan", "Twicker, Theodorus Bartholomeus"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415992", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Today the modern world is facing an unprecedented health crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic is putting extensive strain on health care systems, hospitals and medical workers worldwide. Epidemiological data are emerging that COVID-19 patients with cardiac risk factors or pre-existing cardiac conditions are at increased risk for complications and mortality from COVID-19. As we just begin to understand the pathophysiology underlying the disease, the involvement of the heart, whether through direct myocardial infection and damage or due to cardiac complications, is already evident."}, {"pmid": 32374823, "title": "COVID-2019 associated overexpressed Prevotella proteins mediated host-pathogen interactions and their role in coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Bioinformatics", "authors": ["Khan, Abdul Arif", "Khan, Zakir"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374823", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-2019 initiated at Wuhan, China has become a global threat by rapid transmission and severe fatalities. Recent studies have uncovered whole genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 (causing COVID-2019). In addition, lung metagenomic studies on infected patients revealed overrepresented Prevotella spp. producing certain proteins in abundance. We performed host-pathogen protein-protein interaction analysis between SARS-CoV-2 and overrepresented Prevotella proteins with human proteome. We also performed functional overrepresentation analysis of interacting proteins to understand their role in COVID-2019 severity. It was found that over-expressed Prevotella proteins can promote viral infection. As per the results, Prevotella proteins, but not viral proteins are involved in multiple interactions with NF-kB, which is involved in increasing clinical severity of COVID-2019. Prevotella may have role in COVID-2019 outbreak and should be given importance for understanding disease mechanisms and improving treatment outcomes. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online."}, {"pmid": 32411495, "pmcid": "PMC7221393", "title": "Nasal endoscopy protocols in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Fried, Jacob", "Imam, Sarah A", "Lee, Joshua A", "Nguyen, Shaun A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411495", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234128, "title": "[Investigation of an epidemic cluster caused by COVID rectangle19 cases in incubation period in Shanghai].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xiao, W J", "Gao, Q", "Jin, K", "Gong, X H", "Han, R B", "Jiang, C Y", "Jiang, X J", "Jin, B H", "Fang, Q W", "Pan, H", "Wu, H Y", "Sun, X D"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234128", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a cluster of 5 confirmed COVID\u204319 cases related with the transmission in incubation period of initial case, and find out the infection source and transmission chain.. Methods: According to \"The Prevention\u00a0and\u00a0Control Protocol for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Third Edition)\" issued by the National Health Commission, a field epidemiological survey was conducted for the 5 cases in January 2020. Nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum samples were collected from them for the detection of 2019-nCoV by real time RT-PCR. Multi prevention and control measures were taken, such as tracking and screening close contacts, medical isolation observation, investigating the epidemiological link, analyzing transmission chain. Results: Case 1, who had common environmental exposure with other COVID\u204319 cases, got sick on 20 January, 2020 and was confirmed on 1 February. Case 2 became symptomatic on 22 January and was confirmed on 27 January. Case 3 got sick on 25 January and was confirmed on 30 January. Case 4 had illness onset on 20 January and was confirmed on 1 February. Case 5 got sick on 23 January and was confirmed on 31 January. Among the 5 cases, case 2 died and the illness of other cases were effectively controlled. After exclusion of other common exposure factors, case 1 had a 6-hour meeting with case 2 and case 3 on 19 January. Case 2 and case 3 might be infected by case 1 during the incubation period. It is the key point for epidemiological investigation. Conclusion: The epidemiological investigation indicates that the transmission might occur in the incubation period of COVID-19 case, close attention should be paid to it in future COVID-19 prevention and control."}, {"pmid": 32270500, "pmcid": "PMC7262090", "title": "Four cases from a family cluster were diagnosed as COVID-19 after 14-day of quarantine period.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Dexiong", "Li, Yueping", "Deng, Xilong", "Huang, Huanliang", "Ou, Xueting", "Lin, Yuebao", "Pan, Xingfei", "Lei, Chunliang"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270500", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245833, "title": "A Pandemic in Times of Global Tourism: Superspreading and Exportation of COVID-19 Cases from a Ski Area in Austria.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Correa-Martinez, Carlos L", "Kampmeier, Stefanie", "Kumpers, Philipp", "Schwierzeck, Vera", "Hennies, Marc", "Hafezi, Wali", "Kuhn, Joachim", "Pavenstadt, Hermann", "Ludwig, Stephan", "Mellmann, Alexander"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245833", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275870, "pmcid": "PMC7141466", "title": "Invisible spread of SARS-CoV-2 - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kucharski, Adam J", "Eggo, Rosalind M"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275870", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192856, "pmcid": "PMC7118593", "title": "Active smoking is not associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192856", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335608, "title": "Nepal's Response to Contain COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "J Nepal Health Res Counc", "authors": ["Piryani, Rano Mal", "Piryani, Suneel", "Shah, Jay Narayan"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335608", "countries": ["China", "India", "Nepal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nepal is a landlocked country bordering two most populous countries, India and China. Nepal shares open border with India from three sides, east, south and west. And, in north with China, where the novel coronavirus infection (CVOVID-19) began in late December 2019. The first confirmed imported case in Nepal was reported in 2nd week of January 2020. The initial response of Nepal to COVID-19 were comparably slow but country geared efforts after it was declared a 'global pandemic' by WHO on 11 March, 2020. Government of Nepal's steps from 18 March, 2020 led to partial lock down and countrywide lockdown imposed on 24 March, 2020. Government devised comprehensive plan on 27 March, 2020 for quarantine for peoples who arrived in Nepal from COVID-19 affected countries. This article covers summary of global status, South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) status, and Nepal's response to contain COVID-19 infection discussed under three headings: Steps taken before and after WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic and lab services regarding detection of COVID-19. Nepal has documented five confirmed cases of COVID-19 till the end of March 2020, first in second week of 15 January, 2020 and 2nd case 8-weeks thereafter and 3rd case two days later, 4th on 27 March and 5th on 28 March. Four more cases detected during first week of April. Non-Pharmacological interventions like social distancing and excellent personal habits are widely practiced. Country has to enhance testing and strengthen tracing, isolation and quarantine mechanism and care of COVID-19 patients as Nepal is in risk zone because of comparably weak health system and porous borders with India. The time will tell regarding further outbreak and how it will be tackled. Keywords: COVID-19; lockdown; Nepal; pandemic; response."}, {"pmid": 32338645, "pmcid": "PMC7235990", "title": "ISIDOG Recommendations Concerning COVID-19 and Pregnancy.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Donders, Francesca", "Lonnee-Hoffmann, Risa", "Tsiakalos, Aristotelis", "Mendling, Werner", "Martinez de Oliveira, Jose", "Judlin, Philippe", "Xue, Fengxia", "Donders, Gilbert G G", "Isidog Covid-Guideline Workgroup"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338645", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Providing guidelines to health care workers during a period of rapidly evolving viral pandemic infections is not an easy task, but it is extremely necessary in order to coordinate appropriate action so that all patients will get the best possible care given the circumstances they are in. With these International Society of Infectious Disease in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISIDOG) guidelines we aim to provide detailed information on how to diagnose and manage pregnant women living in a pandemic of COVID-19. Pregnant women need to be considered as a high-risk population for COVID-19 infection, and if suspected or proven to be infected with the virus, they require special care in order to improve their survival rate and the well-being of their babies. Both protection of healthcare workers in such specific care situations and maximal protection of mother and child are envisioned."}, {"pmid": 32422192, "pmcid": "PMC7211734", "title": "Proceedings of the OMS COVID-19 Response Conference.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Wang, Tim T", "Moon, Hwi Sean", "Le, Anh", "Panchal, Neeraj"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422192", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the world in unprecedented ways. It is clear that this pandemic, unlike any public health challenge in recent memory, has the potential to fundamentally alter the delivery of many healthcare services, including the practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery. In response to this global health crisis, the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS) COVID-19 Response Conference was held virtually on April 9, 2020, organized by oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMSs) and administrators from multiple institutions to provide a forum for OMSs to discuss how COVID-19 has affected the specialty. As evidence-based information on COVID-19 continues to emerge, the present report serves as a method to disseminate the current opinions and management strategies from a variety of experts in OMS."}, {"pmid": 32492996, "title": "Management of nutritional consultations in local clinics during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol", "authors": ["Accardi, Francesca", "Cammarata, Isabella", "Canaletti, Fulvia", "Bachini, Ilaria", "Demagistris, Anna"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492996", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32144097, "pmcid": "PMC7101177", "title": "What can early Canadian experience screening for COVID-19 teach us about how to prepare for a pandemic?", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Lin, Molly", "Beliavsky, Alina", "Katz, Kevin", "Powis, Jeff E", "Ng, Wil", "Williams, Victoria", "Science, Michelle", "Groves, Helen", "Muller, Mathew P", "Vaisman, Alon", "Hota, Susy", "Johnstone, Jennie", "Leis, Jerome A"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144097", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435811, "title": "COVID-19 Infection May Cause Clozapine Intoxication: Case Report and Discussion.", "journal": "Schizophr Bull", "authors": ["Cranshaw, Thomas", "Harikumar, Thiyyancheri"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435811", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402766, "pmcid": "PMC7185016", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine as an aerosol might markedly reduce and even prevent severe clinical symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Klimke, A", "Hefner, G", "Will, B", "Voss, U"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402766", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is a new coronavirus disease first described in December 2019. This respiratory illness is severe and potentially fatal. Severe cases make up to 15%, lethality ranges between 1.5 and more than 10%. What is urgently needed is an efficient pharmacological treatment for the treatment of severe cases. During the infection of alveolar epithelial cells of the lung, the ACE2 receptor has a central function. The antimalarial drugs chloroquine phosphate (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) impair in vitro the terminal glycosylation of ACE2 without significant change of cell-surface ACE2 and, therefore, might be potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Starting inhibition at 0.1\u00a0\u00b5M, CQ completely prevented in vitro infections at 10\u00a0\u00b5M, suggesting a prophylactic effect and preventing the virus spread 5\u00a0h after infection. In a first clinical trial, CQ was effective in inhibiting exacerbation of pneumonia, improving lung imaging findings, promotion of virus-negative conversion, and shortening the disease. In addition, HCQ, which is three times more potent than CQ in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells (EC50 0.72\u00a0\u00b5M), was significantly associated with viral load reduction/disappearance in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Theoretically, CQ and HCQ could thus be effectively used in the treatment of SARS-CoV pneumonia. From a pharmacological standpoint, however, the major problems of oral treatment with these drugs are possible severe side effects and toxicity. Concretely, this relates to (a) the inconsistent individual bioavailability of these drugs at the alveolar target cells, depending on intestinal resorption, hepatic first-pass metabolism and accumulation in liver, spleen and lung, and (b) the need for a relatively high concentration of 1-5\u00a0\u00b5M at the alveolar surface. Therefore, we propose in a first dose estimation the use of HCQ as an aerosol in a dosage of 2-4\u00a0mg per inhalation in order to reach sufficient therapeutic levels at the alveolar epithelial cells. By using a low-dose non-systemic aerosol, adverse drug reactions will markedly be reduced compared with oral application. This increase in tolerability enables a broader use for prevention and after contact with an infected person, which would be an advantage especially for the high-risk, often multi-morbid and elderly patients. Empirical data on self-medication with a one-week aerosol application by two of the authors is presented. Inhalation was well tolerated without relevant side effects."}, {"pmid": 32489730, "pmcid": "PMC7255553", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak Response for an Emergency Department Using In Situ Simulation.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Jee, Marcus", "Khamoudes, Daniel", "Brennan, Aoife M", "O'Donnell, John"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489730", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 an epidemic in China and the possibility of evolving into a pandemic. During early phases, most emergency departments did not have contingency plans for an outbreak of this scale and therefore necessitating adequate preparation. This study aims to describe the utility of in situ simulation in identifying system errors and latent safety hazards in response to preparation for the expected COVID-19 surge. We also aim to describe the corrective measures taken to improve our outbreak response locally. We hope that others may be able to use this information as foresight in preparing their own departments for this outbreak. The emergency department and anesthesiology department of Galway University Hospital conducted a series of multidisciplinary, in situ simulations to rapidly identify operational errors and latent safety hazards in response to this outbreak. Each simulation involved an interdisciplinary response to a suspected/COVID-19 patient. The cases were used as a training opportunity for staff and ultimately a platform to expeditiously implement system changes in response to deficits identified during the simulations. Conclusively, with the complexities and intricate structure of every emergency department,\u00a0we understood that preparation for an outbreak requires evaluation of the current system\u00a0before implementing any changes. It is not a \"one size fits all\" concept. Therefore, conducting in situ simulations and the use of foresight, is pivotal\u00a0as it could prevent loss of resources and time in preparing for an outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32316737, "title": "Resumption of activity in gastroenterology departments. Recommendations by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG.", "journal": "Rev Esp Enferm Dig", "authors": ["Crespo, Javier", "Andrade, Raul", "Alberca de Las Parras, Fernando", "Balaguer, Francesc", "Barreiro-de Acosta, Manuel", "Bujanda, Luis", "Gutierrez, Ana", "Jorquera, Francisco", "Iglesias-Garcia, Julio", "Sanchez-Yague, Andres", "Calleja, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316737", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The set of measures proposed by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG are aimed to help departments in their resumption of usual activity. We have prepared a number of practical recommendations regarding patient management and the stepwise resumption of healthcare activity. These recommendations are based on the sparse, changing evidence available, and will be updated in the future according to daily needs and the availability of expendable materials to suit them; in each department they will be implemented depending upon the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in each region, and the burden the pandemic has represented for each hospital. The general objectives of these recommendations include: \u2022 To protect our patients against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and to provide them with high-quality care. \u2022 To protect all healthcare professionals against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2. \u2022 To resume normal functioning of our departments in a setting of ongoing risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32317252, "title": "Covid 19: death certification in England and Wales.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Luce, Tom"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317252", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32244021, "pmcid": "PMC7160444", "title": "Use of systemic immunomodulatory therapies during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Shah, Payal", "Zampella, John G"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244021", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500773, "title": "COVID-19 and Acute Lupus Pneumonitis: Diagnostic and Treatment Dilemma.", "journal": "J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep", "authors": ["Kichloo, Asim", "Aljadah, Michael", "Albosta, Michael", "Wani, Farah", "Singh, Jagmeet", "Solanki, Shantanu"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500773", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this article, we present a case of a young female patient with previously diagnosed lupus pneumonitis, now with a flare and new superimposed COVID-19 infection that was treated with intravenous steroids. On computed tomography scans, she had extensive interstitial lung fibrosis in addition to a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test requiring 6 L of oxygen via nasal cannula on admission. After administration of methylprednisolone, the patient improved and was weaned off her oxygen requirements and was discharged home."}, {"pmid": 32357994, "title": "Case Fatality Rate of Cancer Patients with COVID-19 in a New York Hospital System.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "authors": ["Mehta, Vikas", "Goel, Sanjay", "Kabarriti, Rafi", "Cole, Daniel", "Goldfinger, Mendel", "Acuna-Villaorduna, Ana", "Pradhan, Kith", "Thota, Raja", "Reissman, Stan", "Sparano, Joseph A", "Gartrell, Benjamin A", "Smith, Richard V", "Ohri, Nitin", "Garg, Madhur", "Racine, Andrew D", "Kalnicki, Shalom", "Perez-Soler, Roman", "Halmos, Balazs", "Verma, Amit"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357994", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with cancer are presumed to be at increased risk from COVID-19 infection-related fatality due to underlying malignancy, treatment-related immunosuppression, or increased comorbidities. A total of 218 COVID-19-positive patients from March 18, 2020, to April 8, 2020, with a malignant diagnosis were identified. A total of 61 (28%) patients with cancer died from COVID-19 with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 37% (20/54) for hematologic malignancies and 25% (41/164) for solid malignancies. Six of 11 (55%) patients with lung cancer died from COVID-19 disease. Increased mortality was significantly associated with older age, multiple comorbidities, need for ICU support, and elevated levels of D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, and lactate in multivariate analysis. Age-adjusted CFRs in patients with cancer compared with noncancer patients at our institution and New York City reported a significant increase in case fatality for patients with cancer. These data suggest the need for proactive strategies to reduce likelihood of infection and improve early identification in this vulnerable patient population. SIGNIFICANCE: COVID-19 in patients with cancer is associated with a significantly increased risk of case fatality, suggesting the need for proactive strategies to reduce likelihood of infection and improve early identification in this vulnerable patient population."}, {"pmid": 32287052, "pmcid": "PMC7258747", "title": "Febrile Infant: COVID-19 in Addition to the Usual Suspects.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Robbins, Emily", "Ilahi, Zara", "Roth, Philip"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287052", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330427, "pmcid": "PMC7173801", "title": "Ethnicity and COVID-19: an urgent public health research priority.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Pareek, Manish", "Bangash, Mansoor N", "Pareek, Nilesh", "Pan, Daniel", "Sze, Shirley", "Minhas, Jatinder S", "Hanif, Wasim", "Khunti, Kamlesh"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330427", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344441, "title": "General Guidelines in the Management of an Obstetrical Patient on the Labor and Delivery Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Stephens, Angela J", "Barton, John R", "Bentum, Nana-Ama Ankumah", "Blackwell, Sean C", "Sibai, Baha M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344441", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection that was first identified in China. Since its emergence in December 2019, the virus has rapidly spread, transcending geographic barriers. The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have declared COVID-19 as a public health crisis. Data regarding COVID-19 in pregnancy is limited, consisting of case reports and small cohort studies. However, obstetric patients are not immune from the current COVID-19 pandemic, and obstetric care will inevitably be impacted by the current epidemic. As such, clinical protocols and practice on labor and delivery units must adapt to optimize the safety of patients and health care workers and to better conserve health care resources. In this commentary, we provide suggestions to meet these goals without impacting maternal or neonatal outcomes. KEY POINTS: \u2022 Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic.\u2022 COVID-19 impacts care of obstetric patients.\u2022 Health care should be adapted for the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32454398, "pmcid": "PMC7194046", "title": "STEMI during the COVID-19 Pandemic - An Evaluation of Incidence.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Pathol", "authors": ["Zitelny, Edan", "Newman, Noah", "Zhao, David"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454398", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed the practice medicine on a global scale during the year 2020. With fewer patients presenting to hospitals with the diagnosis of STEMI, healthcare workers are wondering what is causing this decline. This piece presents data from two medical centers and addresses several possible causes to explain this phenomenon. It was found that there was a statistically significant decrease from January to March 2020 in number of presenting STEMI diagnoses."}, {"pmid": 32337584, "pmcid": "PMC7197625", "title": "First reported nosocomial outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a pediatric dialysis unit.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Schwierzeck, Vera", "Konig, Jens Christian", "Kuhn, Joachim", "Mellmann, Alexander", "Correa-Martinez, Carlos Luis", "Omran, Heymut", "Konrad, Martin", "Kaiser, Thomas", "Kampmeier, Stefanie"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337584", "countries": ["China", "Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening respiratory condition caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and was initially detected in China in December 2019. Currently, in Germany over 140,000 cases of COVID-19 are confirmed. Here we report a nosocomial outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the pediatric dialysis unit of the University Hospital of M\u00fcnster (UHM). Single-step real-time RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swaps was used to diagnose the index patient and identify infected contacts. Epidemiological links were analyzed by patient interviews and chart reviews. In addition, each contact was assessed for exposure to the index case and monitored for clinical symptoms. Threshold cycle (Ct) values of all positive test results were compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Forty-eight cases were involved in this nosocomial outbreak. Nine contact cases developed laboratory confirmed COVID-19 infections. Two SARS-CoV-2 positive cases remained clinically asymptomatic. Eleven cases reported flu-like symptoms without positive results. Ct values were significantly lower in cases presenting typical COVID-19 symptoms, suggesting high viral shedding (p =0.007). Person-to-person transmission was at the heart of a hospital outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 between healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients in the pediatric dialysis unit at the UHM. Semi quantitative real-time RT-PCR results suggest that individuals with high viral load pose a risk to spread SARS-CoV-2 in the hospital setting. Our epidemiological observation highlights the need to develop strategies to trace and monitor SARS-CoV-2 infected HCWs in order to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks in the hospital setting."}, {"pmid": 32085840, "pmcid": "PMC7128328", "title": "Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Duan, Li", "Zhu, Gang"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32085840", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335366, "pmcid": "PMC7195078", "title": "Can dapagliflozin have a protective effect against COVID-19 infection? A hypothesis.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Cure, Erkan", "Cumhur Cure, Medine"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335366", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been reported that frequent occurrence of COVID-19 infection in these patients is associated with low cytosolic pH. During virus infection, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level excessively rises. LDH is a cytosolic enzyme and the serum level increases as the cell break down. When anaerobic conditions develop, lactate formation increases from pyruvate. Cell pH is regulated by very complex mechanisms. When lactate increases in the extracellular area, this symporter carries lactate and H+ ion into the cell, and the intracellular pH quickly becomes acidic. Paradoxically, Na+/H+ exchanger activation takes place. While H+ ion is thrown out of the cell, Na+ and Ca+2 enter the cell. When Na+ and Ca+2 increase in the cell, the cells swell and die. Dapagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor. Dapagliflozin has been reported to reduce lactate levels by various mechanisms. Also, it reduces oxygen consumption in tissues and causes the use of glucose in the aerobic pathway, thereby reducing lactate production. A lactate decrease in the environment reduces the activation of lactate/H+ symporter. Thus, the H ion pumping into the cell by this symporter is reduced and the cytosolic pH is maintained. Dapagliflozin also directly inhibits NHE. Thus, Na+ and Ca+2 flow to the cell are inhibited. Dapagliflozin provides the continuation of the structure and functions of the cells. Dapagliflozin can prevent the severe course of COVID-19 infection by preventing the lowering of cytosolic pH and reducing the viral load."}, {"pmid": 32360960, "pmcid": "PMC7192116", "title": "Implementation Guide for Rapid Integration of an Outpatient Telemedicine Program During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Smith, Whitney R", "Atala, Anthony J", "Terlecki, Ryan P", "Kelly, Erin E", "Matthews, Catherine A"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360960", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, social distancing has been necessary to help prevent disease transmission. As a result, medical practices have limited access to in-person visits. This poses a challenge to maintain appropriate patient care while preventing a substantial backlog of patients once stay-at-home restrictions are lifted. In practices that are na\u00efve to telehealth as an alternative option, providers and staff are experiencing challenges with telemedicine implementation. We aim to provide a comprehensive guide on how to rapidly integrate telemedicine into practice during a pandemic. We built a toolkit that details the following 8 essential components to successful implementation of a telemedicine platform: provider and staff training, patient education, an existing electronic medical record system, patient and provider investment in hardware, billing and coding integration, information technology support, audiovisual platforms, and patient and caregiver participation. Rapid integration of telemedicine in our practice was required to be compliant with our institution's COVID-19 task force. Within 3 days of this declaration, our large specialty-care clinic converted to a telemedicine platform and we completed 638 visits within the first month of implementation. Effective and efficient integration of a telemedicine program requires extensive staff and patient education, accessory platforms to facilitate video and audio communication, and adoption of new billing codes that are outlined in this toolkit."}, {"pmid": 32497509, "pmcid": "PMC7263813", "title": "Informal home care providers: the forgotten health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chan, Emily Ying Yang", "Gobat, Nina", "Kim, Jean H", "Newnham, Elizabeth A", "Huang, Zhe", "Hung, Heidi", "Dubois, Caroline", "Hung, Kevin Kei Ching", "Wong, Eliza Lai Yi", "Wong, Samuel Yeung Shan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497509", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479680, "title": "Cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID-19: A preliminary review of an emerging issue.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Marzano, A V", "Cassano, N", "Genovese, G", "Moltrasio, C", "Vena, G A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479680", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The infection caused by the recently identified SARS-CoV-2, called COronaVIrus Disease-19 (COVID-19), has rapidly spread throughout the world. With the exponential increase of patients worldwide, the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is being better defined and new symptoms are emerging. Numerous reports are documenting the occurrence of different cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19 patients. To provide a brief overview of the COVID-19-associated cutaneous lesions. Literature search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases up to 30 April 2020. This narrative review summarizes the available data regarding clinical and histological features of COVID-19-associated skin manifestations. Literature reports showed a great heterogeneity in COVID-19-associated cutaneous manifestations, as well as in their latency periods and associated extracutaneous symptoms. Pathogenic mechanisms are unknown, although the role of hyperactive immune response, complement activation and microvascular injury has been hypothesized. Based on our experience and the literature data, we subdivided the reported cutaneous lesions into six main clinical patterns: i) urticarial rash, ii) confluent erythematous/maculo-papular/morbilliform rash, iii) papulovesicular exanthem, iv) chilblain-like acral pattern, v) livedo reticularis/racemosa-like pattern, vi) purpuric \"vasculitic\" pattern. These six patterns can be merged into two main settings: the first one - inflammatory/exanthematous - including the first three groups cited above and the second one including the vasculopathic/vasculitic lesions of the last three aforementioned groups. The possible presence of cutaneous findings leading to suspect COVID-19 puts dermatologists in a relevant position. Further studies are needed to delineate the diagnostic and prognostic value of such cutaneous manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32404512, "pmcid": "PMC7227768", "title": "Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity?", "journal": "mSphere", "authors": ["Mamber, Stephen W", "Krakowka, Steven", "Osborn, Jeffrey", "Saberski, Lloyd", "Rhodes, Ryan G", "Dahlberg, Albert E", "Pond-Tor, Sunthorn", "Fitzgerald, Kara", "Wright, Neal", "Beseme, Sarah", "McMichael, John"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404512", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the respiratory infection known as COVID-19. From an immunopathological standpoint, coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 induce increased levels of a variety of T-helper 1 (Th1) and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, CCL2 protein, and CXCL10 protein. In the absence of proven antiviral agents or an effective vaccine, substances with immunomodulatory activity may be able to inhibit inflammatory and Th1 cytokines and/or yield an anti-inflammatory and/or Th2 immune response to counteract COVID-19 symptoms and severity. This report briefly describes the following four unconventional but commercially accessible immunomodulatory agents that can be employed in clinical trials to evaluate their effectiveness at alleviating disease symptoms and severity: low-dose oral interferon alpha, microdose DNA, low-dose thimerosal, and phytocannabinoids."}, {"pmid": 32213786, "pmcid": "PMC7141586", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: Responding to a Rapidly Evolving Situation.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Rasmussen, Sonja A", "Jamieson, Denise J"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213786", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world confronts coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an illness caused by yet another emerging pathogen (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]), obstetric care providers are asking what this means for pregnant women. The global spread has been swift, and many key questions remain. The case-fatality rate for persons cared for in the United States and whether asymptomatic persons transmit the virus are examples of questions that need to be answered to inform public health control measures. There are also unanswered questions specific to pregnant women, such as whether pregnant women are more severely affected and whether intrauterine transmission occurs. Although guidelines for pregnant women from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have been rapidly developed based on the best available evidence, additional information is critically needed to inform key decisions, such as whether pregnant health care workers should receive special consideration, whether to temporarily separate infected mothers and their newborns, and whether it is safe for infected women to breastfeed. Some current recommendations are well supported, based largely on what we know from seasonal influenza: patients should avoid contact with ill persons, avoid touching their face, cover coughs and sneezes, wash hands frequently, disinfect contaminated surfaces, and stay home when sick. Prenatal clinics should ensure all pregnant women and their visitors are screened for fever and respiratory symptoms, and symptomatic women should be isolated from well women and required to wear a mask. As the situation with COVID-19 rapidly unfolds, it is critical that obstetricians keep up to date."}, {"pmid": 32517210, "title": "Dietary Diversity among Chinese Residents during the COVID-19 Outbreak and Its Associated Factors.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Zhao, Ai", "Li, Zhongyu", "Ke, Yalei", "Huo, Shanshan", "Ma, Yidi", "Zhang, Yumei", "Zhang, Jian", "Ren, Zhongxia"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517210", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, has imposed enormous challenges on the health system, economy, and food supply and has substantially modified people's lifestyles. This study aimed to (1) explore the dietary diversity during the lockdown time in China and (2) examine factors associated with dietary diversity including socio-economic characteristics, sources for food and food purchases, and specific dietary behaviors responding to COVID-19 and isolation. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted online in March 2020. Multi-stage sampling was used to recruit participants living in Hubei Province and other parts of China. Dietary diversity was assessed using the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and clustering analysis was used to categorize people with different propensities of methods for purchasing or obtaining foods. Logistic regression was used to model the associations among HDDS, participants' characteristics, approaches to purchase or obtain food, and behaviors adopted to cope with COVID-19. Results: A total of 1938 participants were included in the analysis. The overall mean HDDS was 9.7 \u00b1 2.1, and the median (25th, 75th) was 10 (8, 12). There were relatively low consumptions of fish, legumes, and miscellaneous foods (e.g., processed food like snacks and beverages). After adjusting for age, family income, and geographic regions, people living in places where laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases were above 500 (ORadjusted = 0.79, 95%CI 0.65, 0.96), or living in Hubei Province (ORadjusted = 0.60, 95%CI 0.39, 0.93) had a lower HDDS. During isolation time, the most common sources for food and food purchases were in-house storage and in person grocery shopping. More than half of the participants (55.9%) purchased food at least once via online ordering and delivery services. There was no significant difference in HDDS among people with distinct dependences on different ways to obtain or purchase food (i.e., dependence on in-person grocery shopping, dependence on both in-house storage and in-person grocery shopping, or dependence on online food purchasing). We also identified a total of 37.7% participants who consumed certain foods or nutritional supplements to cope with COVID-19, which included vitamin C, probiotics, other dietary supplements, alcohol, and vinegar. People who reported these specific dietary behaviors had a significantly higher HDDS (ORadjusted = 1.23, 95%CI 1.02, 1.45) than those who did not do so. This study revealed an overall good dietary diversity among the studied Chinese residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we observed a lower dietary diversity among people living in areas with a high number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Online ordering and delivery services were popular and could serve as a feasible method to obtain and purchase food, contributing to ensure diversified diets during the time of lockdown. Certain dietary behaviors associated with COVID-19 were also identified and had significant impacts on HDDS."}, {"pmid": 32229434, "pmcid": "PMC7239367", "title": "How imaging should properly be used in COVID-19 outbreak: an Italian experience.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Sverzellati, Nicola", "Milone, Francesca", "Balbi, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229434", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371757, "pmcid": "PMC7223576", "title": "Intubation and Ventilation amid COVID-19: Comment.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Rigatelli, Gianluca", "Zuin, Marco", "Rigatelli, Alberto", "Zuliani, Giovanni", "Roncon, Loris"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371757", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523145, "title": "COVID-19 and the renin, angiotensin, aldosterone system. A complex relationship.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Alcocer-Diaz-Barreiro, Luis", "Cossio-Aranda, Jorge", "Verdejo-Paris, Juan", "Odin-de-Los-Rios, Manuel", "Galvan-Oseguera, Hector", "Alvarez-Lopez, Humberto", "Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523145", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had major negative health, psychological, social and economic repercussions for individuals, families, communities, countries and for humanity in general. The interrelation with age and the presence of chronic non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking) seems to go further than what would be explained by the prevalence and distribution of both. The drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are in many cases the backbone for the management of these diseases, it has been known for a long time that these drugs significantly increase the expression of receptors for angiotensin conversion enzyme type 2 in the lung tissue. This fact, together with the knowledge that the route of entry of the virus into the cell is precisely the ACE-2 receptor, initiated a hypothesis, based on very low-quality evidence, which quickly became generalized in the media, that the use of these drugs could be negative and that they should be interrupted immediately. The response of practically all Scientific Societies was almost immediate, with the precise indication that treatment with these drugs should not be discontinued, since the evidence of their usefulness is based on very solid and high-quality evidence. Simultaneously, a different hypothesis also appeared, also based on very preliminary evidence, that these drugs are not only harmful but also beneficial, however these medicaments are not yet accepted as agents for the prevention or treatment of this disease or its complications. This review reports current knowledge on the relationship between COVID-19 and SRAA."}, {"pmid": 32139620, "title": "Pet dog confirmed to have coronavirus.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32139620", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301968, "pmcid": "PMC7184453", "title": "Binding of SARS-CoV-2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: clinical implications.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Res", "authors": ["Murray, Eleanor", "Tomaszewski, Maciej", "Guzik, Tomasz J"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301968", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469077, "title": "Covid-19 in Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients: Reflecting on a Single Centre Experience.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Kanellopoulos, Alexandros", "Ahmed, Maria Zahid", "Kishore, Bhuvan", "Lovell, Richard", "Horgan, Claire", "Shankara, Paneesha", "Lloyd, Rebecca", "Salhan, Beena", "Giles, Hannah", "Chauhan, Saleena", "Venkatadasari, Indrani", "Khakwani, Muhammad", "Murthy, Vidhya", "Xenou, Evgenia", "Dassanayake, Hansini", "Srinath, Swathy", "Kaparou, Maria", "Nikolousis, Emmanouil"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469077", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 disease is caused by a novel SARS-CoV-2 virus and has been declared a pandemic on the 9th of March by WHO. Hallmark of COVID-19 management is supportive care and there is still no convincing evidence on a treatment which will reduce mortality. Severe COVID-19 associated sepsis characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), secondary bacterial pneumonias thrombotic complications, myocarditis, and gastrointestinal involvement are more prevalent in those with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiac disease, cancer and age>70 years (Liang et al; 2020, Guan et al; 2019)."}, {"pmid": 32298016, "pmcid": "PMC7262329", "title": "Commentary on the management of total laryngectomy patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Hennessy, Max", "Bann, Darrin V", "Patel, Vijay A", "Saadi, Robert", "Krempl, Greg A", "Deschler, Daniel G", "Goyal, Neerav", "Choi, Karen Y"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread across the world, placing unprecedented strain on the health care system. Health care resources including hospital beds, ICUs, as well as personal protective equipment are becoming increasingly rationed and scare commodities. In this environment, the laryngectomee (patient having previously undergone a total laryngectomy) continues to represent a unique patient with unique needs. Given their surgically altered airway, they pose a challenge to manage for the otolaryngologist within the current COVID-19 pandemic. In this brief report, we present special considerations and best practice recommendations in the management of total laryngectomy patients. We also discuss recommendations for laryngectomy patients and minimizing community exposures."}, {"pmid": 32407487, "pmcid": "PMC7239170", "title": "Lung Ultrasound early detection and monitoring in Covid-19 Pneumonia: fact and fiction.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Sperandeo, Marco", "Trovato, Guglielmo M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407487", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427208, "pmcid": "PMC7232915", "title": "Peering through the portal: COVID-19 and the future of agriculture.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Meine, Curt"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427208", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333969, "pmcid": "PMC7175913", "title": "Response to COVID-19 and diabetes: Can DPP4 inhibition play a role? - GLP-1 might play one too.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Morin, Nathaniel"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333969", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421685, "title": "Using Remote Medical Care Services to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Liao, Yanhui", "Yao, Yin", "Chen, Wei", "Tang, Jinsong"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This manuscript is in the category of Letters to editor, and there is no abstract."}, {"pmid": 32420828, "title": "Ethical and Sensible Dissemination of Information During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Rahimi, Farid", "Talebi Bezmin Abadi, Amin"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420828", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223179, "pmcid": "PMC7144809", "title": "Diagnosing COVID-19: The Disease and Tools for Detection.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Udugama, Buddhisha", "Kadhiresan, Pranav", "Kozlowski, Hannah N", "Malekjahani, Ayden", "Osborne, Matthew", "Li, Vanessa Y C", "Chen, Hongmin", "Mubareka, Samira", "Gubbay, Jonathan B", "Chan, Warren C W"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223179", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has spread globally since its discovery in Hubei province, China in December 2019. A combination of computed tomography imaging, whole genome sequencing, and electron microscopy were initially used to screen and identify SARS-CoV-2, the viral etiology of COVID-19. The aim of this review article is to inform the audience of diagnostic and surveillance technologies for SARS-CoV-2 and their performance characteristics. We describe point-of-care diagnostics that are on the horizon and encourage academics to advance their technologies beyond conception. Developing plug-and-play diagnostics to manage the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak would be useful in preventing future epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32458742, "title": "Nurse Infected with Covid-19 from a Provisional Dengue Patient.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Prasitsirikul, Wisit", "Pongpirul, Krit", "Pongpirul, Wannarat A", "Panitantum, Nayot", "Ratnarathon, Anuttra C", "Hemachudha, Thirawat"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458742", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412710, "title": "Severe Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Berlin, David A", "Gulick, Roy M", "Martinez, Fernando J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412710", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506762, "title": "COVID-19 in dialysis patients in Japan: Current status and guidance on preventive measures.", "journal": "Ther Apher Dial", "authors": ["Kikuchi, Kan", "Nangaku, Masaomi", "Ryuzaki, Munekazu", "Yamakawa, Tomoyuki", "Hanafusa, Norio", "Sakai, Ken", "Kanno, Yoshihiko", "Ando, Ryoichi", "Shinoda, Toshio", "Nakamoto, Hidetomo", "Akizawa, Tadao"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506762", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Japan, the first case of COVID-19 in dialysis patients was reported on March 1, 2020. A total of 31 cases were reported by April 10, and it increased to 95 by May 15. Thereafter, with the rapid increase in the number of COVID-19 cases in the general population since late March, there was a not surprising increase in the number of COVID-19 cases in dialysis patients. The mortality rate is 16.2% (16/99 cases) in dialysis patients, which is higher than 5.3% (874/16532 cases) in the general population. This higher mortality rate in dialysis patients with COVID-19 might be related to their age; the majority of COVID-19 cases are aged between 70 and 90 years in dialysis patients, compared with between 20 and 60 years in the general population. As COVID-19 presents with severe symptoms and is associated with a high mortality rate in dialysis patients, dialysis patients who have contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing are required to be hospitalized under Japanese government policy. In cases of COVID-19 hospitalizations, it is essential to prevent nosocomial infection. Therefore, patients must be sufficiently instructed in infection prevention and robust measures to prevent contraction and spread of the infection must be taken at dialysis facilities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32381449, "pmcid": "PMC7127442", "title": "Management strategies for the burn ward during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Burns", "authors": ["Li, Ning", "Liu, Tingmin", "Chen, Hualing", "Liao, Jianmei", "Li, Haisheng", "Luo, Qizhi", "Song, Huapei", "Xiang, Fei", "Tan, Jianglin", "Zhou, Junyi", "Hu, Gaozhong", "Yuan, Zhiqiang", "Peng, Yizhi", "Luo, Gaoxing"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381449", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is sweeping the globe. Any outpatient or new inpatient especial in burn department during the pandemic should be as a potential infectious source of COVID-19. It is very important to manage the patients and wards carefully and correctly to prevent epidemic of the virus in burn centers. This paper provides some strategies regarding management of burn ward during the epidemic of COVID-19 or other respiratory infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32270660, "title": "[Analysis of baseline liver biochemical parameters in 324 cases with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Shanghai area].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Qian, Z P", "Mei, X", "Zhang, Y Y", "Zou, Y", "Zhang, Z G", "Zhu, H", "Guo, H Y", "Liu, Y", "Ling, Y", "Zhang, X Y", "Wang, J F", "Lu, H Z"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270660", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics and liver biochemical parameters of 324 cases admitted with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Shanghai area. Methods: Clinical data and baseline liver biochemical parameters of 324 cases with novel coronavirus pneumonia admitted to the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from January 20, 2020 to February 24, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on the status of illness: mild type (mild and typical) and severe type (severe and critical).The differences in clinical data and baseline liver biochemical parameters of the two groups were described and compared. The t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used for measurement data. The enumeration data were expressed by frequency and rate, and chi-square test was used. Results: Of the 324 cases with novel coronavirus pneumonia, 26 were severe cases (8%), with median onset of 5 days, 20 cases were HBsAg positive (6.2%), and 70 cases (21.6%) with fatty liver, diagnosed with X-ray computed tomography. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), \u03b3-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBil), albumin(ALB) and international normalized ratio (INR) of 324 cases at baseline were 27.86 \u00b1 20.02 U/L, 29.33 \u00b1 21.02 U/L, 59.93 \u00b1 18.96 U / L, 39.00 \u00b1 54.44 U/L, 9.46 \u00b1 4.58 \u03bcmol / L, 40.64 \u00b1 4.13 g / L and 1.02 \u00b1 0.10. Of which, ALT was > than the upper limit of normal (> ULN), accounting for 15.7% (51/324). ALT and AST > ULN, accounting for 10.5% (34/324). ALP > ULN, accounting for 1.2% (4/324). ALP and GGT > ULN, accounting for 0.9% (3/324). INR > ULN was lowest, accounting for 0.6% (2/324). There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in ALT [(21.5 vs. 26) U / L, P = 0.093], ALP [(57 vs.59) U/L, P = 0.674], and GGT [(24 vs.28) U/L, P = 0.101] between the severe group and the mild group. There were statistically significant differences in AST (23 U/L vs. 34 U/L, P < 0.01), TBil (10.75 vs. 8.05 \u03bcmol / L, P < 0.01), ALB (35.79 \u00b1 4.75 vs. 41.07 \u00b1 3.80 g/L, P < 0.01), and INR (1.00 vs. 1.04, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The baseline liver biochemical parameters of 324 cases with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Shanghai area was comparatively lower and the liverinjury degree was mild, and the bile duct cell damage was rare."}, {"pmid": 32233560, "title": "COVID-19 information propagation dynamics in the Chinese Sina-microblog.", "journal": "Math Biosci Eng", "authors": ["Yin, Fu Lian", "Lv, Jia Hui", "Zhang, Xiao Jian", "Xia, Xin Yu", "Wu, Jian Hong"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233560", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) generated an outbreak of public opinions in the Chinese Sina-microblog. To help in designing effective communication strategies during a major public health emergency, we propose a multiple-information susceptible-discussing-immune (M-SDI) model in order to understand the patterns of key information propagation on social networks. We develop the M-SDI model, based on the public discussion quantity and take into account of the behavior that users may re-enter another related topic or Weibo after discussing one. Data fitting using the real data of COVID-19 public opinion obtained from Chinese Sina-microblog can parameterize the model to make accurate prediction of the public opinion trend until the next major news item occurs. The reproduction ratio has fallen from 1.7769 and maintained around 0.97, which reflects the peak of public opinion has passed but it will continue for a period of time."}, {"pmid": 32342516, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on dental education in the United States.", "journal": "J Dent Educ", "authors": ["Iyer, Parvati", "Aziz, Kalid", "Ojcius, David M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342516", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dental institutions in the United States are reeling from the consequences of the novel SARS-CoV2 coronavirus, the causative agent of CODIV-19. As oral health care providers, we have been trained on prevention of aerosol transmissible diseases, but we are still grappling with many unknown factors regarding COVID-19. While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), American Dental Association (ADA), and local state agencies are releasing updates on guidelines for dentists and patients, no official information exists for dental institutions on how to effectively follow the recommended guidelines including \"shelter in place\" with social distancing to protect students, faculty, staff, and patients, and still ensure continuity of dental education. This article discusses the challenges that we face currently and offers some simple strategies to bridge the gaps in dental education to overcome this emergency."}, {"pmid": 32202641, "title": "Exercising Heart and Head in Managing Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Perlis, Roy H"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202641", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350453, "pmcid": "PMC7189829", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 self-isolation: recommendations for people with a vision impairment.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Allen, Peter M", "Smith, Lee"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350453", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313806, "pmcid": "PMC7167217", "title": "2019 Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) overview.", "journal": "Z Gesundh Wiss", "authors": ["Mohammadi, Mehrdad", "Meskini, Maryam", "do Nascimento Pinto, Anderia Lucia"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313806", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronaviruses (CoVs) are zoonotic pathogens, but the first human-to-human transmission has been reported. CoVs have the best known genome of all RNA viruses, and mutations in the genome have now been found.\u00a0A pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan, China, was first reported to the WHO Country Office in China on 31 December 2019.\u00a0This study aims to report early findings related to COVID-19 and provide methods to prevent and treat it."}, {"pmid": 32523137, "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus pandemic: current situation and implications for Mexico.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Escudero, Xavier", "Guarner, Jeannette", "Galindo-Fraga, Arturo", "Escudero-Salamanca, Mara", "Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A", "Del-Rio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523137", "countries": ["China", "Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is one of the most devastating in this century. It originated in China in December 2019 caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus, and in less than a month it had been classified as an \"International Public Health Emergency\". To date there are nearly 3 million people infected and more than 250,000 deaths caused by the disease worldwide. Initially it affects the respiratory tract with atypical pneumonia and in severe cases it produces systemic inflammation with cytokine storm that can cause rapid deterioration with circulatory and respiratory failure, coagulopathy and a lethality rate of approximately 7%. In Mexico, the first case was detected in February 2020, and to date there are 26,616 confirmed cases and 2,961 deaths throughout the country. The low number of diagnostic tests conducted in our country clearly underestimates the real incidence and impact of the disease. The most affected groups are those with risk factors such as age over 60, presence of hypertension, diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Of the confirmed cases, 15% are healthcare workers. There is no specific treatment or vaccine yet, so it is important to have hygiene, social isolation and personal protection measures. Health, social and economic consequences could have great impact in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32405115, "pmcid": "PMC7219362", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on substance use: Implications for prevention and treatment.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Ornell, Felipe", "Moura, Helena Ferreira", "Scherer, Juliana Nichterwitz", "Pechansky, Flavio", "Kessler, Felix Henrique Paim", "von Diemen, Lisia"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405115", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has brought major challenges to healthcare systems and public health policies globally, as it requires novel treatment and prevention strategies to adapt for the impact of the pandemic. Individuals with substance user disorders (SUD) are at risk population for contamination due to multiple factors-attributable to their clinical, psychological and psychosocial conditions. Moreover, social and economic changes caused by the pandemic, along with the traditional difficulties regarding treatment access and adherence-will certainly worsen during this period, therefore aggravate their condition. In addition, this population are potential vectors of transmission. In that sense, specific strategies for prevention and treatment must be discussed. health care professionals dealing with SUD must be aware of the risks and challenges they will meet during and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Addiction care must be reinforced, instead of postponed, in order to avoid complications of both SUD and COVID-19 and to prevent the transmission of coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32467423, "title": "Potential mechanisms of cardiac injury and common pathways of inflammation in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Pathw Cardiol", "authors": ["Centurion, Osmar Antonio", "Scavenius, Karina E", "Garcia, Laura B", "Torales, Judith M", "Mino, Luis M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467423", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the lack of prospective, randomized, controlled clinical studies on inflammation and cardiovascular involvement, the exact mechanism of cardiac injury among patients with COVID-19 still remains uncertain. It was demonstrated that there is a high and significantly positive linear correlation between troponin T and plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, biomarkers of cardiac injury and systemic inflammation, respectively. Cardiac injury and inflammation is a relatively common association among patients hospitalized with COVID-19, and it is related to higher risk of in-hospital mortality. In our literature search, we identified several potential mechanisms of myocardial tissue damage, namely, coronavirus-associated acute myocarditis, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor binding affinity to the virus Spike protein, increased cytokine secretion, and hypoxia induced cardiac myocyte apoptosis. Elucidation of the disease pathogenesis and prospective histopathological studies are crucial for future proper treatment in case of renewed outbreaks. Of interest is that with hundred of thousands of bodies available for autopsy studies, no prospective investigation has been reported so far. Strong efforts and continued research of the cardiovascular complications and identification of risk factors for poor prognosis in COVID-19 are steadily needed. The high morbidity and mortality of COVID-19, its monumental economic burden and social impact, the despair of a new pandemic outbreak, and the thread of potential utilization of novel SARS-CoV2 as biologic weapons make it a preponderant necessity to better comprehend the therapeutic management of this lethal disease. Emerging as an acute infectious disease, COVID-19 may become a chronic epidemic because of genetic recombination. Therefore, we should be ready for the reemergence of COVID-19 or other coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32514696, "title": "Intentional Hydroxychloroquine Overdose Treated with High-Dose Diazepam: an Increasing Concern in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Toxicol", "authors": ["Chai, Peter R", "Ferro, E G", "Kirshenbaum, J M", "Hayes, B D", "Culbreth, S E", "Boyer, E W", "Erickson, T B"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514696", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent attention on the possible use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine to treat COVID-19 disease has potentially triggered a number of overdoses from hydroxychloroquine. Toxicity from hydroxychloroquine manifests with cardiac conduction abnormalities, seizure activity, and muscle weakness. Recognizing this toxidrome and unique management of this toxicity is important in the COVID-19 pandemic. A 27-year-old man with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presented to the emergency department 7\u00a0hours after an intentional overdose of hydroxychloroquine. Initial presentation demonstrated proximal muscle weakness. The patient was found to have a QRS complex of 134\u00a0ms and QTc of 710\u00a0ms. He was treated with early orotracheal intubation and intravenous diazepam boluses. Due to difficulties formulating continuous diazepam infusions, we opted to utilize an intermitted intravenous bolus strategy that achieved similar effects that a continuous infusion would. The patient recovered without residual side effects. Hydroxychloroquine toxicity is rare but projected to increase in frequency given its selection as a potential modality to treat COVID-19 disease. It is important for clinicians to recognize the unique effects of hydroxychloroquine poisoning and initiate appropriate emergency maneuvers to improve the outcomes in these patients."}, {"pmid": 32423291, "title": "Association Between COVID-19 and Kawasaki Disease: Vigilance Required From Otolaryngologists.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Sandhaus, Henya", "Crosby, Dana", "Sharma, Arun", "Gregory, Stacie R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423291", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many novel presentations of known conditions are occurring. In the pediatric population, new instances of Kawasaki disease have recently been singled out as presenting in conjunction with or soon after diagnosis of COVID-19. This poses a novel situation, particularly for otolaryngologists, who may be the first to encounter these patients. Otolaryngologists should be cognizant of the coexistence of conditions to allow for timely recognition and optimal management."}, {"pmid": 32332028, "title": "Donald Trump: a political determinant of covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Yamey, Gavin", "Gonsalves, Gregg"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332028", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213270, "title": "[Epidemiological analysis on 1 052 cases of COVID-19 in epidemic clusters].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Gan, H", "Zhang, Y", "Yuan, M", "Wu, X Y", "Liu, Z R", "Liu, M", "Wu, J B", "Xu, S J", "Gong, L", "Xu, H L", "Tao, F B"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213270", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the cases of COVID-19 epidemic clusters, and explore the influence of family factors and social factors such as group activities on the spread of the disease. Methods: The data of cases of COVID-19 epidemic clusters from 19 January, 2020 to 25 February, 2020 were collected from the official platforms of 36 cities in 6 provinces in China. Descriptive statistical methods, \u03c7(2) test and curve fitting were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the clustered cases. Results: By 25 February, 2020, the data of 1 052 cases in 366 epidemic clusters were collected. In these clustered cases, 86.9%(914/1 050) occurred in families. Among the 1 046 cases with gender information, 513 were males (49.0%) and 533 were females (51.0%). The cases were mainly young adults between 18 and 59 years old, accounting for 68.5% (711/1 038). In the 366 epidemic clusters , the clusters in which the first confirmed cases with the history of sojourn in Wuhan or Hubei accounted for 47.0%(172/366). From 19 January to 3 February, 2020, the first confirmed cases with Wuhan or Hubei sojourn history accounted for 66.5%. From 4 to 25 February, the first confirmed cases who had Wuhan or Hubei sojourn history accounted for only 18.2%. The median of interval between the first generation case onset and the second generation case onset was 5 (2-8) days. The median of onset- diagnosis interval of the initial cases was 6 (3-9) days, and the median of onset-diagnosis interval of the secondary cases was 5 (3-8) days. Conclusions: Epidemic clusters of COVID-19 were common in many cities outside Wuhan and Hubei. Close contact in family was one of the main causes for the spread of household transmission of the virus. After 4 February, the epidemic clusters were mainly caused by the first generation or second generation cases in local areas, and the time for diagnosis became shorter."}, {"pmid": 32479792, "pmcid": "PMC7259912", "title": "Testing for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Burki, Talha Khan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479792", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298486, "pmcid": "PMC7262137", "title": "Plasmacytoid lymphocytes in SARS-CoV-2 infection (Covid-19).", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Foldes, David", "Hinton, Richard", "Arami, Siamak", "Bain, Barbara J"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298486", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392023, "pmcid": "PMC7179055", "title": "Sedation of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: challenges and special considerations.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Hanidziar, Dusan", "Bittner, Edward"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392023", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327746, "pmcid": "PMC7178926", "title": "Translating IL-6 biology into effective treatments.", "journal": "Nat Rev Rheumatol", "authors": ["Choy, Ernest H", "De Benedetti, Fabrizio", "Takeuchi, Tsutomu", "Hashizume, Misato", "John, Markus R", "Kishimoto, Tadamitsu"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327746", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In 1973, IL-6 was identified as a soluble factor that is secreted by T cells and is important for antibody production by B cells. Since its discovery more than 40 years ago, the IL-6 pathway has emerged as a pivotal pathway involved in immune regulation in health and dysregulation in many diseases. Targeting of the IL-6 pathway has led to innovative therapeutic approaches for various rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, adult-onset Still's disease, giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis, as well as other conditions such as Castleman disease and cytokine release syndrome. Targeting this pathway has also identified avenues for potential expansion into several other indications, such as uveitis, neuromyelitis optica and, most recently, COVID-19 pneumonia. To mark the tenth anniversary of anti-IL-6 receptor therapy worldwide, we discuss the history of research into IL-6 biology and the development of therapies that target IL-6 signalling, including the successes and challenges and with an emphasis on rheumatic diseases."}, {"pmid": 32430996, "title": "Potential effects of curcumin in the treatment of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Zahedipour, Fatemeh", "Hosseini, Seyede Atefe", "Sathyapalan, Thozhukat", "Majeed, Muhammed", "Jamialahmadi, Tannaz", "Al-Rasadi, Khalid", "Banach, Maciej", "Sahebkar, Amirhossein"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430996", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is an ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with considerable mortality worldwide. The main clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is the presence of respiratory symptoms, but some patients develop severe cardiovascular and renal complications. There is an urgency to understand the mechanism by which this virus causes complications so as to develop treatment options. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, could be a potential treatment option for patients with coronavirus disease. In this study, we review some of the potential effects of curcumin such as inhibiting the entry of virus to the cell, inhibiting encapsulation of the virus and viral protease as well as modulating various cellular signaling pathways. This review provides a basis for further research and development of clinical applications of curcumin for the treatment of newly emerged SARS-CoV-2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32267950, "pmcid": "PMC7184326", "title": "Response letter to COIVD-19 Disease: Tackling a pandemic in 21st Century.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Qian, Guo-Qing", "Ma, Ada Hoi Yan", "Yang, Nai-Bin", "Ruan, Lie-Min"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267950", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381442, "pmcid": "PMC7195265", "title": "Humanitarian Needs: The Arthroplasty Community and the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Khanuja, Harpal S", "Chaudhry, Yash P", "Sheth, Neil P", "Oni, Julius K", "Parsley, Brian S", "Morrison, J Craig"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world struggles with the COVID-19 pandemic, health care providers are on the front lines. We highlight the value of engaging in humanitarian medical work, contributions of the hip and knee arthroplasty community to date, and future needs after the resolution of the pandemic. We sought to understand how the arthroplasty community can contribute, based on historical lessons from prior pandemics and recessions, current needs, and projections of the COVID-19 impact. We polled members of medical mission groups led by arthroplasty surgeons to understand their current efforts in humanitarian medical work. We also polled orthopedic colleagues to understand their role and response. Google Search and PubMed were used to find articles relevant to the current environment of the COVID-19 pandemic, humanitarian needs after previous epidemics, and the economic effects of prior recessions on elective surgery. Hip and knee arthroplasty surgeons are not at the center of the pandemic but are providing an invaluable supportive role through continued care of musculoskeletal patients and unloading of emergency rooms. Others have taken active roles assisting outside of orthopedics. Arthroplasty humanitarian organizations have donated personal protective equipment and helped to prepare their partners in other countries. Previous pandemics and epidemics highlight the need for sustained humanitarian support, particularly in poor countries or those with ongoing conflict and humanitarian crises. There are opportunities now to make a difference in this health care crisis. In the aftermath, there will be a great need for humanitarian work both here and throughout the world."}, {"pmid": 32332856, "pmcid": "PMC7180672", "title": "COVID-19 in persons with haematological cancers.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["He, Wenjuan", "Chen, Lei", "Chen, Li", "Yuan, Guolin", "Fang, Yun", "Chen, Wenlan", "Wu, Di", "Liang, Bo", "Lu, Xiaoting", "Ma, Yanling", "Li, Lei", "Wang, Hongxiang", "Chen, Zhichao", "Li, Qiubai", "Gale, Robert Peter"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332856", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19), has caused a pandemic with >850,000 cases worldwide and increasing. Several studies report outcomes of COVID-19 in predominately well persons. There are also some data on COVID-19 in persons with predominately solid cancer but controversy whether these persons have the same outcomes. We conducted a cohort study at two centres in Wuhan, China, of 128 hospitalised subjects with haematological cancers, 13 (10%) of whom developed COVID-19. We also studied 226 health care providers, 16 of whom developed COVID-19 and 11 of whom were hospitalised. Co-variates were compared with the 115 subjects with haematological cancers without COVID-19 and with 11 hospitalised health care providers with COVID-19. There were no significant differences in baseline co-variates between subjects with haematological cancers developing or not developing COVID-19. Case rates for COVID-19 in hospitalised subjects with haematological cancers was 10% (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 6, 17%) compared with 7% (4, 12%; P\u2009=\u20090.322) in health care providers. However, the 13 subjects with haematological cancers had more severe COVID-19 and more deaths compared with hospitalised health care providers with COVID-19. Case fatality rates were 62% (32, 85%) and 0 (0, 32%; P\u2009=\u20090.002). Hospitalised persons with haematological cancers have a similar case rate of COVID-19 compared with normal health care providers but have more severe disease and a higher case fatality rate. Because we were unable to identify specific risk factors for COVID-19 in hospitalised persons with haematological cancers, we suggest increased surveillance and possible protective isolation."}, {"pmid": 32394650, "title": "[Significance and operation mode of moxibustion intervention for the group under quarantine after close contact with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhen Jiu", "authors": ["Liu, Mai-Lan", "Liu, Mi", "Zhong, Huan", "Yu, Jie", "Luo, Jian", "Ai, Kun", "Xu, Ming", "Liu, Qiong", "Dai, Guo-Bin", "Zhang, Wei", "Zhang, Hong", "Chang, Xiao-Rong", "Liu, Bao-Yan"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394650", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On the base of the idea of traditional Chinese medicine as \"disease prevention\", the mode and the protocol of the moxibustion intervention for the group under quarantine after close contact with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were explored. The group under quarantine after close contact with COVID-19 was taken as the subjects. By the non-contact physician-patient communication network platform co-developed by China Association of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Hunan Provincial Association of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Data Center of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Yuge Medicine Company, an exploratory randomized controlled trial was designed. A total of 100 cases were included and randomized into a moxibustion group and a conventional intervention group, 50 cases in each one. In the moxibustion group, moxibustion intervention was used. In the conventional intervention group, the conventional observation was adopted without moxibusiton intervention applied. The outcomes included the symptoms changes, e.g. anxiety, emotional disturbance, fatigue, headache and diarrhea, as well as whether quarantine release and the case confirmed or not, etc. The results were evaluated before intervention, in 14 days of intervention and 2 weeks after intervention separately. In this research, on the base of internet plus technology and with the internet communication platform adopted, through mobile phone WeChat App, it was to implement the subject screen, the random allocation and the instruction of moxibustion intervention as well as the quality control of patient's diary and data collection. It is anticipated that the significance and the implementation mode of moxibustion intervention can be assessed preliminarily for the group under quarantine after close contact with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32426126, "pmcid": "PMC7229447", "title": "Surgical practice and operative surgical strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic: A commentary.", "journal": "Ann Med Surg (Lond)", "authors": ["Karampelias, Vasileios", "Spanidis, Ypatios", "Kehagias, Ioannis"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458242, "pmcid": "PMC7249985", "title": "Can COVID-19 cause myalgia with a completely different mechanism? A hypothesis.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Kucuk, Adem", "Cumhur Cure, Medine", "Cure, Erkan"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458242", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347404, "pmcid": "PMC7186943", "title": "Rapid Implementation of Service Delivery Changes to Mitigate COVID-19 and Maintain Access to Methadone Among Persons with and at High-Risk for HIV in an Opioid Treatment Program.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Peavy, K Michelle", "Darnton, James", "Grekin, Paul", "Russo, Monica", "Green, Caleb J Banta", "Merrill, Joseph O", "Fotinos, Charissa", "Woolworth, Steve", "Soth, Sean", "Tsui, Judith I"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347404", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446684, "pmcid": "PMC7205684", "title": "Skin findings in the COVID-19 pandemic in the Region of Murcia.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Perez-Suarez, Beatriz", "Martinez-Menchon, Teresa", "Cutillas-Marco, Eugenia"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446684", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506512, "title": "Redundancy and methodological issues in articles on COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Papes, Dino", "Jeroncic, Ana", "Ozimec, Elizabeta"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506512", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the seriousness of the current pandemic, logical and critical thinking, common sense and method remain the mainstay of biomedicine. Unfortunately, the panic caused by the disease has led many to abandon those principles. Some scientists have used the situation to publish substandard articles that would never get published in normal times as journals publish quickly (and gain citations), without proper review and level of criticism. This situation has been used by medical equipment manufacturers and pharmaceutical industry as well, to promote publication of biased sponsored articles."}, {"pmid": 32500322, "pmcid": "PMC7272104", "title": "Securing Posterior Auricular Incision with Button Headbands in Prominent Ear Patients Wearing Surgical Masks for Self-protection in the Pandemic.", "journal": "Aesthetic Plast Surg", "authors": ["Ozkan, Burak", "Uysal, Cagri A", "Ertas, Nilgun M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500322", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this letter, we describe an attachment on conventional headbands recommended for the postoperative period in prominent ear patients to confidently wear surgical masks without disturbing the posterior auricular incision. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266."}, {"pmid": 32292838, "pmcid": "PMC7118595", "title": "Concerns for activated breathing control (ABC) with breast cancer in the era of COVID-19: Maximizing infection control while minimizing heart dose.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Song, Andrew", "Manukian, Gregor", "Taylor, Amy", "Anne, Pramila R", "Simone, Nicole L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292838", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222988, "pmcid": "PMC7161803", "title": "Review article: gastrointestinal features in COVID-19 and the possibility of faecal transmission.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Tian, Yuan", "Rong, Long", "Nian, Weidong", "He, Yan"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222988", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is little published evidence on the gastrointestinal features of COVID-19. To report on the gastrointestinal manifestations and pathological findings of patients with COVID-19, and to discuss the possibility of faecal transmission. We have reviewed gastrointestinal features of, and faecal test results in, COVID-19 from case reports and retrospective clinical studies relating to the digestive system published since the outbreak. With an incidence of 3% (1/41)-79% (159/201), gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 included anorexia 39.9% (55/138)-50.2% (101/201), diarrhoea 2% (2/99)-49.5% (146/295), vomiting 3.6% (5/138)-66.7% (4/6), nausea 1% (1/99)-29.4% (59/201), abdominal pain 2.2% (3/138)-6.0% (12/201) and gastrointestinal bleeding 4% (2/52)-13.7% (10/73). Diarrhoea was the most common gastrointestinal symptom in children and adults, with a mean duration of 4.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.5\u00a0days, and was observed before and after diagnosis. Vomiting was more prominent in children. About 3.6% (5/138)-15.9% (32/201) of adult and 6.5% (2/31)-66.7% (4/6) of children patients presented vomiting. Adult and children patients can present with digestive symptoms in the absence of respiratory symptoms. The incidence of digestive manifestations was higher in the later than in the early stage of the epidemic, but no differences in digestive symptoms among different regions were found. Among the group of patients with a higher proportion of severe cases, the proportion of gastrointestinal symptoms in severe patients was higher than that in nonsevere patients (anorexia 66.7% vs 30.4%; abdominal pain 8.3% vs 0%); while in the group of patients with a lower severe rate, the proportion with gastrointestinal symptoms was similar in severe and nonsevere cases (nausea and vomiting 6.9% vs 4.6%; diarrhoea 5.8% vs 3.5%). Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and virus nucleocapsid protein were detected in gastrointestinal epithelial cells, and infectious virus particles were isolated from faeces. Faecal PCR testing was as accurate as respiratory specimen PCR detection. In 36% (5/14)-53% (39/73) faecal PCR became positive, 2-5\u00a0days later than sputum PCR positive. Faecal excretion persisted after sputum excretion in 23% (17/73)-82% (54/66) patients for 1-11 days. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in patients with COVID-19, and had an increased prevalence in the later stage of the recent epidemic in China. SARS-CoV-2 enters gastrointestinal epithelial cells, and the faeces of COVID-19 patients are potentially infectious."}, {"pmid": 32469072, "title": "Role of Military Medical Personnel as Part of the Public Sector During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea: A Personal Experience.", "journal": "Mil Med", "authors": ["Kim, Jeong-Gil"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469072", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467091, "title": "Covid-19: Johnson is on back foot over next steps to control pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Dowd, Adrian"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467091", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424603, "pmcid": "PMC7232920", "title": "COVID-19 in adults: test menu for hospital blood science laboratories.", "journal": "Ir J Med Sci", "authors": ["O'Shea, Paula M", "Lee, Graham Robert", "Griffin, Tomas P", "Tormey, Vincent", "Hayat, Amjad", "Costelloe, Sean J", "Griffin, Damian Gerard", "Srinivasan, Saradha", "O'Kane, Maurice", "Burke, Conor M", "Faul, John", "Thompson, Christopher J", "Curley, Gerard", "Tormey, William P"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424603", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a respiratory illness caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The Clinical Blood Sciences Laboratory (CBSL) plays a key role in supporting the monitoring and management of patients with COVID-19 disease. To provide a comprehensive CBSL testing protocol to support the medical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Description of the biochemical, haematological and immunological tests that have a role in the assessment and monitoring of patients with COVID-19 infection. We provide a test menu for clinical laboratories to ensure the effective monitoring, management and prognostication of COVID-19 patients in hospital. Given the rapidity with which patients with COVID-19 disease can deteriorate, we recommend regular testing with vigilance paid to the rate and trajectory of change in each of these parameters."}, {"pmid": 32265095, "pmcid": "PMC7129384", "title": "CT chest findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Lal, Amos", "Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Sahu, Kamal Kant"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265095", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32017661, "pmcid": "PMC7194022", "title": "CT Imaging Features of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Chung, Michael", "Bernheim, Adam", "Mei, Xueyan", "Zhang, Ning", "Huang, Mingqian", "Zeng, Xianjun", "Cui, Jiufa", "Xu, Wenjian", "Yang, Yang", "Fayad, Zahi A", "Jacobi, Adam", "Li, Kunwei", "Li, Shaolin", "Shan, Hong"], "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32017661", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this retrospective case series, chest CT scans of 21 symptomatic patients from China infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) were reviewed, with emphasis on identifying and characterizing the most common findings. Typical CT findings included bilateral pulmonary parenchymal ground-glass and consolidative pulmonary opacities, sometimes with a rounded morphology and a peripheral lung distribution. Notably, lung cavitation, discrete pulmonary nodules, pleural effusions, and lymphadenopathy were absent. Follow-up imaging in a subset of patients during the study time window often demonstrated mild or moderate progression of disease, as manifested by increasing extent and density of lung opacities."}, {"pmid": 32280052, "pmcid": "PMC7132475", "title": "End-of-life decisions and care in the midst of a global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Intensive Crit Care Nurs", "authors": ["Pattison, Natalie"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32280052", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433634, "title": "Coronavirus vaccine trials have delivered their first results - but their promise is still unclear.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433634", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213508, "title": "David Oliver: Covid-19-recriminations and political point scoring must wait.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Oliver, David"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213508", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387668, "pmcid": "PMC7204694", "title": "Reply: A Dermatologic Manifestation of COVID-19: Transient Livedo Reticularis.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Manalo, Iviensan F", "Smith, Molly K", "Cheeley, Justin", "Jacobs, Randy"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387668", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488616, "pmcid": "PMC7265875", "title": "Coronavirus surveillance of wildlife in the Lao People's Democratic Republic detects viral RNA in rodents.", "journal": "Arch Virol", "authors": ["McIver, David J", "Silithammavong, Soubanh", "Theppangna, Watthana", "Gillis, Amethyst", "Douangngeun, Bounlom", "Khammavong, Kongsy", "Singhalath, Sinpakone", "Duong, Veasna", "Buchy, Philippe", "Olson, Sarah H", "Keatts, Lucy", "Fine, Amanda E", "Greatorex, Zoe", "Gilbert, Martin", "LeBreton, Matthew", "Saylors, Karen", "Joly, Damien O", "Rubin, Edward M", "Lange, Christian E"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488616", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses can become zoonotic, as in the case of COVID-19, and hunting, sale, and consumption of wild animals in Southeast Asia increases the risk for such incidents. We sampled and tested rodents (851) and other mammals and found betacoronavirus RNA in 12 rodents. The sequences belong to two separate genetic clusters and are closely related to those of known rodent coronaviruses detected in the region and distantly related to those of human coronaviruses OC43 and HKU1. Considering the close human-wildlife contact with many species in and beyond the region, a better understanding of virus diversity is urgently needed for the mitigation of future risks."}, {"pmid": 32305270, "pmcid": "PMC7152916", "title": "How to prevent outbreak of a hospital-affiliated dementia day-care facility in the pandemic COVID-19 infection in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Huang, Hsuan-Ti", "Chen, Tun-Chieh", "Liu, Tzu-Yin", "Chiu, Chun-Feng", "Hsieh, Wen-Chien", "Yang, Chih-Jen", "Chen, Yen-Hsu"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305270", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504103, "pmcid": "PMC7273118", "title": "Ten things we learned about COVID-19.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Cecconi, Maurizio", "Forni, Guido", "Mantovani, Alberto"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504103", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489935, "pmcid": "PMC7242292", "title": "Persistent viral shedding lasting over 60 days in a mild COVID-19 patient with ongoing positive SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Zhang, Lan", "Li, Changbo", "Zhou, Yanru", "Wang, Binjie", "Zhang, Jiajia"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489935", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376531, "pmcid": "PMC7086135", "title": "[Management and prevention of common skin problems during epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Li, Changxing", "Shen, Jing", "Ju, Yan", "Huang, Xiaowen", "Huang, Liang", "Zeng, Kang"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the ongoing fight against the epidemic of COVID-19, the medical staff has been under tremendous pressure. Wearing the protective equipment (masks, goggles, and protective screens) with a poor breathability for a long time causes various skin problems, such as allergies, excessive skin hydration, local mechanical injuries, and even secondary infections. In addition, in a closed environment, compression and friction aggravate skin reactions, which may compromise duty performance of the medical staff. It is therefore essential to provide timely treatment opinions and prevention methods for common skin problems. We also give suggestions concerning the preparation of medical kit for skin protection in the epidemic area."}, {"pmid": 32230995, "pmcid": "PMC7177222", "title": "Quarantine Vehicle Scheduling for Transferring High-Risk Individuals in Epidemic Areas.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Zhang, Min-Xia", "Yan, Hong-Fan", "Wu, Jia-Yu", "Zheng, Yu-Jun"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32230995", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a large-scale epidemic outbreak, there can be many high-risk individuals to be transferred for medical isolation in epidemic areas. Typically, the individuals are scattered across different locations, and available quarantine vehicles are limited. Therefore, it is challenging to efficiently schedule the vehicles to transfer the individuals to isolated regions to control the spread of the epidemic. In this paper, we formulate such a quarantine vehicle scheduling problem for high-risk individual transfer, which is more difficult than most well-known vehicle routing problems. To efficiently solve this problem, we propose a hybrid algorithm based on the water wave optimization (WWO) metaheuristic and neighborhood search. The metaheuristic uses a small population to rapidly explore the solution space, and the neighborhood search uses a gradual strategy to improve the solution accuracy. Computational results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms several existing algorithms and obtains high-quality solutions on real-world problem instances for high-risk individual transfer in Hangzhou, China, during the peak period of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32485418, "pmcid": "PMC7255332", "title": "Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Al-Ani, Fatimah", "Chehade, Samer", "Lazo-Langner, Alejandro"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485418", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection by the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been reportedly associated with a high risk of thrombotic complications. So far information is scarce and rapidly emerging. We conducted a scoping review using a single engine search for studies assessing thrombosis and coagulopathy in COVID-19 patients. Additional studies were identified by secondary review and alert services. Studies reported the occurrence of venous thromboembolism and stroke in approximately 20% and 3% of patients, respectively. A higher frequency seems to be present in severely ill patients, in particular those admitted to intensive care units. The thrombotic risk is elevated despite the use of anticoagulant prophylaxis but optimal doses of anticoagulation are not yet defined. Although an increase of biomarkers such as D-dimer has been consistently reported in severely ill COVID-19, the optimal cut-off level and prognostic value are not known. A number of pressing issues were identified by this review, including defining the true incidence of VTE in COVID patients, developing algorithms to identify those susceptible to develop thrombotic complications and severe disease, determining the role of biomarkers and/or scoring systems to stratify patients' risk, designing adequate and feasible diagnostic protocols for PE, establishing the optimal thromboprophylaxis strategy, and developing uniform diagnostic and reporting criteria."}, {"pmid": 32510621, "title": "European Research Council: bottom-up principles of the Scientific Council and top-down proposal of the resigned President.", "journal": "FEBS Lett", "authors": ["Porta, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510621", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent resignation of the President of the European Research Council (ERC) Mauro Ferrari has opened a wide discussion both on the method of designation of the President of the ERC and on the validity of the different funding mechanisms for scientific research. From this point of view, Sars-CoV-2 was not only responsible for the pandemic, but also triggered a debate on an alleged primacy of applied research over the fundamental research."}, {"pmid": 32203355, "title": "How much is coronavirus spreading under the radar?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203355", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490518, "title": "The substantial awareness role of web-based and social media platforms in developing countries during a pandemic scenario: the example of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Abdul-Baki, Mohammad-Nasan", "Dhemesh, Yaseen", "Alasadi, Lugien", "Alsuliman, Tamim"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490518", "countries": ["Syrian Arab Republic"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19, social media platforms have shown effectiveness in information dissemination. Delivering evidence-based medical knowledge and trustworthy recommendations is a difficult mission for classical entities, especially in a war-torn country with a fragile health system. In this context, the role of non-governmental scientific organizations was proven, filling the gap between original scientific sources and a non-English speaking population. We reviewed an example of an organization named Syrian Researchers, which publishes based-on-reliable-sources of scientific content and has massive reachability across Middle East and beyond. We strongly believe that this model is a simple and suitable approach that may be helpful for other low-income or war-torn countries in the context of health-related disasters. This subject is of high importance and we believe that this approach may ameliorate public health knowledge, thus, participate in defying the COVID-19 consequences."}, {"pmid": 32349992, "title": "Covid-19: challenges for people with intellectual disability.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Courtenay, Ken"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349992", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374011, "title": "Herd immunity and COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Chen, J", "Ye, L", "Zhou, M-Y", "Cheng, Y-R", "Wang, M-W", "Feng, Z-H"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374011", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383060, "pmcid": "PMC7203503", "title": "ICU capacity management during the COVID-19 pandemic using a process simulation.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Alban, Andres", "Chick, Stephen E", "Dongelmans, Dave A", "Vlaar, Alexander P J", "Sent, Danielle"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383060", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340070, "pmcid": "PMC7267279", "title": "ACE inhibitors and COVID-19: We don't know yet.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Khashkhusha, Taqua R", "Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340070", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220826, "title": "Covid-19: hospitals brace for disaster as US surpasses China in number of cases.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220826", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396773, "pmcid": "PMC7256354", "title": "Truncated human angiotensin converting enzyme 2; a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and potent COVID-19 therapeutic agent.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Basit, Abdul", "Ali, Tanveer", "Rehman, Shafiq Ur"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396773", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of Covid-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is continued to spread globally and no potential drug or vaccine against it is available. Spike (S) glycoprotein is the structural protein of SARS-CoV-2 located on the envelope surface, involve in interaction with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a cell surface receptor, followed by entry into the host cell. Thereby, blocking the S glycoprotein through potential inhibitor may interfere its interaction with ACE2 and impede its entry into the host cell. Here, we present a truncated version of human ACE2 (tACE2), comprising the N terminus region of the intact ACE2 from amino acid position 21-119, involved in binding with receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. We analyzed the in-silico potential of tACE2 to compete with intact ACE2 for binding with RBD. The protein-protein docking and molecular dynamic simulation showed that tACE2 has higher binding affinity for RBD and form more stabilized complex with RBD than the intact ACE2. Furthermore, prediction of tACE2 soluble expression in E. coli makes it a suitable candidate to be targeted for Covid-19 therapeutics. This is the first MD simulation based findings to provide a high affinity protein inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2\u2009S glycoprotein, an important target for drug designing against this unprecedented challenge.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32502664, "pmcid": "PMC7266595", "title": "Air Pollution and temperature are associated with increased COVID-19 incidence: a time series study.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, He", "Xu, Xiao-Long", "Dai, Da-Wei", "Huang, Zhen-Yu", "Ma, Zhuang", "Guan, Yan-Jun"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502664", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the COVID-19 is known to cause by human-to-human transmission, it remains largely unclear whether ambient air pollutants and meteorological parameters could promote its transmission. A retrospective study is conducted to study whether air quality index (AQI), four ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and CO) and five meteorological variables (daily temperature, highest temperature, lowest temperature, temperature difference and sunshine duration) could increase COVID-19 incidence in Wuhan and XiaoGan between Jan 26th to Feb 29th in 2020. First, a significant correlation was found between COVID-19 incidence and AQI in both Wuhan (R2\u2009=\u20090.13, p\u2009<\u20090.05) and XiaoGan (R2\u2009=\u20090.223, p\u2009<\u20090.01). Specifically, among four pollutants, COVID-19 incidence was prominently correlated with PM2.5 and NO2 in both cities. In Wuhan, the tightest correlation was observed between NO2 and COVID-19 incidence (R2\u2009=\u20090.329, p\u2009<\u20090.01). In XiaoGan, in addition to the PM2.5 (R2\u2009=\u20090.117, p\u2009<\u20090.01) and NO2 (R2\u2009=\u20090.015, p\u2009<\u20090.05), a notable correlation was also observed between the PM10 and COVID-19 incidence (R2\u2009=\u20090.105, p\u2009<\u20090.05). Moreover, temperature is the only meteorological parameter that constantly correlated well with COVID-19 incidence in both Wuhan and XiaoGan, but in an inverse correlation (p\u2009<\u20090.05). AQI, PM2.5, NO2, and temperature are four variables that could promote the sustained transmission of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32433297, "pmcid": "PMC7268830", "title": "Implications of COVID-19 on the General Surgery Match.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Sell, Naomi M", "Qadan, Motaz", "Delman, Keith A", "Roggin, Kevin K", "Spain, David A", "Phitayakorn, Roy", "Lillemoe, Keith D", "Mullen, John T"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433297", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467503, "pmcid": "PMC7273956", "title": "Acute Portal Vein Thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["La Mura, Vincenzo", "Artoni, Andrea", "Martinelli, Ida", "Rossio, Raffaella", "Gualtierotti, Roberta", "Ghigliazza, Gabriele", "Fusco, Stefano", "Ierardi, Anna Maria", "Andrisani, Maria Carmela", "Carrafiello, Gianpaolo", "Peyvandi, Flora"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467503", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474594, "title": "From Easing Lockdowns to Scaling-Up Community-Based COVID-19 Screening, Testing, and Contact Tracing in Africa - Shared Approaches, Innovations, and Challenges to Minimize Morbidity and Mortality.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nachega, Jean B", "Grimwood, Ashraf", "Mahomed, Hassan", "Fatti, Geoffrey", "Preiser, Wolfgang", "Kallay, Oscar", "Mbala, Placide K", "Muyembe, Jean-Jacques T", "Rwagasore, Edson", "Nsanzimana, Sabin", "Ngamije, Daniel", "Condo, Jeanine", "Sidat, Mohsin", "Noormahomed, Emilia V", "Reid, Michael", "Lukeni, Beatrice", "Suleman, Fatima", "Mteta, Alfred", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The arrival of COVID-19 to the African continent resulted in a range of locally relevant lockdown measures, which curtailed the spread of SARS-CoV-2 but caused economic hardship for large sections of the population.\u00a0African countries now face difficult choices regarding easing of lockdowns and sustaining effective public health control measures and surveillance.\u00a0 Control of the COVID-19 pandemic will require efficient community screening, testing, contact tracing, and behavioral change interventions, adequate resources, and a well-supported, community-based team of trained, protected personnel.\u00a0 We discuss COVID-19 screening-testing-contact tracing approaches used in selected African countries and the need for shared, affordable, innovative methods to overcome challenges and minimize mortality rates. This crisis presents a unique opportunity to align COVID-19 services with those already in place for HIV, TB, Malaria, and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) through mobilization of Africa's inter-professional healthcare workforce to contain the pandemic. By addressing the challenges, the detrimental effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on African citizens can be minimized."}, {"pmid": 32286021, "title": "Imaging Findings in Four COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Isr Med Assoc J", "authors": ["Kerpel, Ariel", "Nissan, Noam", "Klug, Maximiliano", "Amit, Sharon", "Konen, Eli", "Marom, Edith M"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286021", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418233, "title": "Allergy and asthma in children and adolescents during the COVID outbreak: What we know and how we could prevent allergy and asthma flares.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Licari, Amelia", "Votto, Martina", "Brambilla, Ilaria", "Castagnoli, Riccardo", "Piccotti, Emanuela", "Olcese, Roberta", "Tosca, Maria Angela", "Ciprandi, Giorgio", "Marseglia, Gian Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418233", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343116, "title": "Lifesaving cancer surgeries need to be managed appropriately during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Surg", "authors": ["Finley, Christian", "Prashad, Anubha", "Camuso, Natasha", "Daly, Corinne", "Earle, Craig C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343116", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430652, "pmcid": "PMC7236870", "title": "COVID-19: counter-intuitive data on smoking prevalence and therapeutic implications for nicotine.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Polosa, Riccardo", "Caci, Grazia"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430652", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309794, "pmcid": "PMC7162631", "title": "Video for Active and Remote Learning.", "journal": "Trends Chem", "authors": ["Lipomi, Darren J"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309794", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused the canceling of in-person lectures on a massive scale. Rapid movement of education to online platforms will eventually lead to innovations in remote education. At the moment, however, instructors lack guidance. This short article describes approaches for producing video for remote and active learning."}, {"pmid": 32249108, "pmcid": "PMC7132506", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249108", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299795, "title": "Management of rheumatic diseases in the time of covid-19 pandemic: perspectives of rheumatology practitioners from India.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Gupta, Latika", "Misra, Durga Prasanna", "Agarwal, Vishwesh", "Balan, Suma", "Agarwal, Vikas"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299795", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32248894, "title": "Sleep Health Service in China During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiao Lei", "Xiao, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248894", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520293, "title": "Personal data usage and privacy considerations in the COVID-19 global pandemic.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Almeida, Bethania de Araujo", "Doneda, Danilo", "Ichihara, Maria Yury", "Barral-Netto, Manoel", "Matta, Gustavo Correa", "Rabello, Elaine Teixeira", "Gouveia, Fabio Castro", "Barreto, Mauricio"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data has become increasingly important and valuable for both scientists and health authorities searching for answers to the COVID-19 crisis. Due to difficulties in diagnosing this infection in populations around the world, initiatives supported by digital technologies are being developed by governments and private companies to enable the tracking of the public's symptoms, contacts and movements. Considering the current scenario, initiatives designed to support infection surveillance and monitoring are essential and necessary. Nonetheless, ethical, legal and technical questions abound regarding the amount and types of personal data being collected, processed, shared and used in the name of public health, as well as the concomitant or posterior use of this data. These challenges demonstrate the need for new models of responsible and transparent data and technology governance in efforts to control SARS-COV2, as well as in future public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32405278, "pmcid": "PMC7219394", "title": "Pharmacotherapy for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Waiting or doing?", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Amariles, Pedro", "Hincapie-Garcia, Jaime", "Julio Montoya, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405278", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268381, "title": "Neonatal Resuscitation and Postresuscitation Care of Infants Born to Mothers with Suspected or Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Chandrasekharan, Praveen", "Vento, Maximo", "Trevisanuto, Daniele", "Partridge, Elizabeth", "Underwood, Mark A", "Wiedeman, Jean", "Katheria, Anup", "Lakshminrusimha, Satyan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268381", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in November2019. The rapid progression to a global pandemic of COVID-19 has had profound medical, social, and economic consequences. Pregnant women and newborns represent a vulnerable population. However, the precise impact of this novel virus on the fetus and neonate remains uncertain. Appropriate protection of health care workers and newly born infants during and after delivery by a COVID-19 mother is essential. There is some disagreement among expert organizations on an optimal approach based on resource availability, surge volume, and potential risk of transmission. The manuscript outlines the precautions and steps to be taken before, during, and after resuscitation of a newborn born to a COVID-19 mother, including three optional variations of current standards involving shared-decision making with parents for perinatal management, resuscitation of the newborn, disposition, nutrition, and postdischarge care. The availability of resources may also drive the application of these guidelines. More evidence and research are needed to assess the risk of vertical and horizontal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on fetal and neonatal outcomes. \u00b7 The risk of vertical transmission is unclear; transmission from family members/providers to neonates is possible.. \u00b7 Optimal personal-protective-equipment (airborne vs. droplet/contact precautions) for providers is crucial to prevent transmission.. \u00b7 Parents should be engaged in shared decision-making with options for rooming in, skin-to-skin contact, and breastfeeding.."}, {"pmid": 32520136, "title": "COVID-19: the virus in the control of culture?", "journal": "Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)", "authors": ["Ferreira, Lincoln Lopes", "Chagas, Antonio Carlos P", "Bernardo, Wanderley M"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520136", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32231173, "title": "Management of SARS-CoV-2 infection: recommendations of the Polish Association of Epidemiologists and Infectiologists as of March 31, 2020.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Flisiak, Robert", "Horban, Andrzej", "Jaroszewicz, Jerzy", "Kozielewicz, Dorota", "Pawlowska, Malgorzata", "Parczewski, Milosz", "Piekarska, Anna", "Simon, Krzysztof", "Tomasiewicz, Krzysztof", "Zarebska-Michaluk, Dorota"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231173", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487511, "pmcid": "PMC7239777", "title": "Dwindling blood reserves: An ominous downside of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Transfus Apher Sci", "authors": ["Kumar, Sohail", "Azim, Dua", "Nasim, Sundus", "Hashmi, Shariq Haider"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487511", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300223, "title": "These cancer scientists turned their lab into a coronavirus-testing facility.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Baker, Noah"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300223", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492559, "pmcid": "PMC7236705", "title": "May COVID-19 outbreaks lead to a worsening of skin chronic inflammatory conditions?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Marasca, Claudio", "Ruggiero, Angelo", "Napolitano, Maddalena", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Megna, Matteo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492559", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel betaCoronavirus has raised serious concerns due to the virus rapid dissemination worldwide. Many areas throughout the world are now experiencing the COVID 19 outbreaks with government and policy authorities taking many aggressive isolation or restriction measures, drastically reducing also patient's visits and limiting only to the most urgent ones such as oncological visits or emergencies. Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between increased weight, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and inflammatory skin diseases. Furthermore, weight loss interventions have been shown to improve psoriasis, as well as hidradenitis suppurativa, and increase responsiveness to treatment of this conditions. We suppose that due to aggressive isolation or restriction measures, in the next future dermatologist will face with a common worsening of chronic skin inflammatory conditions due to reduced physical activities, increased intake of calories with the derived increase body weight and always more frequent treatment discontinuation. It is time to start potential preventive strategies which could limit the expected negative impact of COVID-19 related quarantine on skin diseases."}, {"pmid": 32114193, "pmcid": "PMC7129110", "title": "Comparison of different samples for 2019 novel coronavirus detection by nucleic acid amplification tests.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xie, Chunbao", "Jiang, Lingxi", "Huang, Guo", "Pu, Hong", "Gong, Bo", "Lin, He", "Ma, Shi", "Chen, Xuemei", "Long, Bo", "Si, Guo", "Yu, Hua", "Jiang, Li", "Yang, Xingxiang", "Shi, Yi", "Yang, Zhenglin"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114193", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of severe respiratory pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus has recently emerged in China. Here we report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics of 19 suspect cases. We compared the positive ratio of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid amplification test results from different samples including oropharyngeal swab, blood, urine and stool with 3 different fluorescent RT-PCR kits. Nine out of the 19 patients had 2019-nCoV infection detected using oropharyngeal swab samples, and the virus nucleic acid was also detected in eight of these nine patients using stool samples. None of positive results was identified in the blood and urine samples. These three different kits got the same result for each sample and the positive ratio of nucleic acid detection for 2019-nCoV was only 47.4% in the suspect patients. Therefore, it is possible that infected patients have been missed by using nucleic acid detection only. It might be better to make a diagnosis combining the computed tomography scans and nucleic acid detection."}, {"pmid": 32311323, "pmcid": "PMC7164892", "title": "COVID-19 in Latin America.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Burki, Talha"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311323", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437001, "title": "Intuitive Global Insight Into COVID-19 Clinical Research Activities-The \"COVID-19 Map of Hope\".", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Ries, Markus", "Mechler, Konstantin", "Smith, Donna L", "Herfort, Benjamin", "Visintini, Johannes", "Santana, Amon Veiga", "Zipf, Alexander", "Lautenbach, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437001", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422146, "pmcid": "PMC7227558", "title": "Type 2 Inflammation Modulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in Airway Epithelial Cells.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Kimura, Hiroki", "Francisco, Dave", "Conway, Michelle", "Martinez, Fernando D", "Vercelli, Donata", "Polverino, Francesca", "Billheimer, Dean", "Kraft, Monica"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422146", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has dramatically changed our world, country, communities, and families. There is controversy regarding risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease. It has been suggested that asthma and allergy are not highly represented as comorbid conditions associated with COVID-19. Our aim was to extend our work in IL-13 biology to determine whether airway epithelial cell expression of 2 key mediators critical for SARS-CoV-2 infection, namely, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), are modulated by IL-13. We determined effects of IL-13 treatment on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression ex\u00a0vivo in primary airway epithelial cells from participants with and without type 2 asthma obtained by bronchoscopy. We also examined expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in 2 data sets containing gene expression data from nasal and airway epithelial cells from children and adults with asthma and allergic rhinitis. IL-13 significantly reduced ACE2 and increased TMPRSS2 expression ex\u00a0vivo in airway epithelial cells. In 2 independent data sets, ACE2 expression was significantly reduced and TMPRSS2 expression was significantly increased in the nasal and airway epithelial cells in type 2 asthma and allergic rhinitis. ACE2 expression was significantly negatively associated with type 2 cytokines, whereas TMPRSS2 expression was significantly positively associated with type 2 cytokines. IL-13 modulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in airway epithelial cells in asthma and atopy. This deserves further study with regard to any effects that asthma and atopy may render in the setting of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32438454, "title": "Management of osteoarthritis during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Ragni, Enrico", "Mangiavini, Laura", "Vigano, Marco", "Brini, Anna Teresa", "Peretti, Giuseppe Michele", "Banfi, Giuseppe", "de Girolamo, Laura"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438454", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic spread of the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection in China first, and all over the world at present, has become a global health emergency due to the rapidly increasing number of affected patients. Currently, a clear relationship between COVID-19 infection incidence and/or complications due to chronic or occasional treatments for other pathologies is still not clear, albeit COVID-19 pandemic may condition the treatment strategy of complex disorders, as osteoarthritis (OA). Importantly, OA is the most common age-related joint disease affecting more than 80% of people older than the age of 55, an age burden also shared with the highest severity in COVID-19 patients. OA patients often show a large array of concomitant pathologies such as diabetes, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases that are again shared with COVID-19 patients and may therefore increase complications. Moreover, different OA treatments such as NSAIDs, paracetamol, corticosteroids, opioids or other molecules have a wide array of iatrogenic effects, potentially increasing COVID-19 secondary infection incidence or complications. In this review we critically analyse the evidences on either negative or positive effect of drugs commonly used to manage OA in this particular scenario. This would provide orthopaedic surgeons at first, and physicians, pharmacologists and clinicians at general, a comprehensive description about the safety of the current pharmacological approaches and a decision making tool to treat their OA patients as the coronavirus pandemic continues."}, {"pmid": 32405602, "pmcid": "PMC7217632", "title": "Implications of gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Yang, Lijing", "Tu, Lei"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405602", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490974, "title": "Coronavirus and the eye: what is relevant so far?", "journal": "Arq Bras Oftalmol", "authors": ["Lauande, Roberto", "Paula, Jayter Silva"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490974", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192284, "title": "[Ten hot issues on diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer under the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Jiang, Z F", "Li, J B"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192284", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363246, "pmcid": "PMC7195347", "title": "A call for new 4R's based Radiation Oncology model in COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Rathod, Shrinivas", "Dubey, Arbind", "Chowdhury, Amitava", "Bashir, Bashir", "Koul, Rashmi"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363246", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32257174, "pmcid": "PMC7125416", "title": "When will the battle against novel coronavirus end in Wuhan: A SEIR modeling analysis.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Wan, Kangkang", "Chen, Jing", "Lu, Changming", "Dong, Lanlan", "Wu, Zhicheng", "Zhang, Lianglu"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257174", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent outbreak of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan raised serious public health concerns. By February 15, 2020 in Wuhan, the total number of confirmed infection cases has reached 37\u2009914, and the number of deaths has reached 1123, accounting for 56.9% of the total confirmed cases and 73.7% of the total deaths in China. People are eager to know when the epidemic will be completely controlled and when people's work and life will be on the right track. In this study we analyzed the epidemic dynamics and trend of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan by using the data after the closure of Wuhan city till February 12, 2020 based on the SEIR modeling method. The optimal parameters were estimated as R0\u2009=\u20091.44 (interquartile range: 1.40-1.47), TI\u2009=\u200914 (interquartile range\u2009=\u200914-14) and TE\u2009=\u20093.0 (interquartile range\u2009=\u20092.8-3.1). Based on these parameters, the number of infected individuals in Wuhan city may reach the peak around February 19 at about 47\u2009000 people. Once entering March, the epidemic would gradually decline, and end around the late March. It is worth noting that the above prediction is based on the assumption that the number of susceptible population N\u2009=\u2009200\u2009000 will not increase. If the epidemic situation is not properly controlled, the peak of infected number can be further increased and the peak time will be a little postponed. It was expected that the epidemic would subside in early March, and disappear gradually towards the late March. The epidemic situation of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan was effectively controlled after the closure of the city, and the disease transmission index also decreased significantly. It is expected that the peak of epidemic situation would be reached in late February and end in March."}, {"pmid": 32235685, "pmcid": "PMC7143628", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak: An Overview on Dentistry.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Spagnuolo, Gianrico", "De Vito, Danila", "Rengo, Sandro", "Tatullo, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019, also called COVID-19, is the latest infectious disease to rapidly develop worldwide [...]."}, {"pmid": 32372573, "title": "Encountering COVID-19 as Endocrinologists.", "journal": "Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)", "authors": ["Rhee, Eun Jung", "Kim, Jung Hee", "Moon, Sun Joon", "Lee, Won Young"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372573", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is entering an era of disaster and chaos due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Since its first emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 has swept through Asia and propagated throughout the world to Europe and North America. As of April 13, 1,773,084 people were infected and 111,652 people had died from COVID-19 globally, and new record levels of infection are being reported every day. Based on the data that have been amassed so far, the primary risk factors for a severe disease course or even mortality from COVID-19 are underlying diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. As the global prevalence of diabetes continues to increase, patients with endocrine diseases such as diabetes mellitus and those who are on long-term corticosteroid therapy due to adrenal insufficiency or hypopituitarism are at risk for a poor prognosis of COVID-19. As endocrinologists, we would like to briefly review the current knowledge about the relationship between COVID-19 and endocrine diseases and to discuss what we can do for the safety and health of our patients with endocrine diseases in this globally threatening situation."}, {"pmid": 32306440, "pmcid": "PMC7264528", "title": "Pediatric anesthetic implications of COVID-19-A review of current literature.", "journal": "Paediatr Anaesth", "authors": ["Lee-Archer, Paul", "von Ungern-Sternberg, Britta S"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306440", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pediatric anesthetists have an important role to play in the management of patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19. In many institutions, the COVID-19 intubation teams are staffed with anesthetists as the proceduralists working throughout the hospitals also in the ICU and Emergency Departments. As practitioners who perform aerosol generating procedures involving the airway, we are at high risk of exposure to the virus SARS-CoV-2 and need to ensure we are well prepared and trained to manage such cases. This article reviews the relevant pediatric literature surrounding COVID-19 and summarizes the key recommendations for anesthetists involved in the care of children during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32529918, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic Exposes Limited Understanding of Ageism.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Reynolds, Laurinda"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529918", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, justification for orders to shelter in place have emphasized the vulnerability of older people. Although other at-risk groups were sometimes mentioned, the emphasis on older people could have effects on attitudes about aging and older people for decades to come. This essay provides a comprehensive biopsychosocial description of ageism and discusses the pandemic as a \"focusing event\" that exemplifies the extreme social consequence of ageism for the entire older population. It suggests revisions to the Elder Justice Act and utilization of programs such as the Reframing Aging, Age-Friendly University, and Ageism First Aid initiatives to reduce ageism in the wake of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32427341, "title": "COVID-19 Worries and Behavior Changes in Older and Younger Men and Women.", "journal": "J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci", "authors": ["Barber, Sarah J", "Kim, Hyunji"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427341", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The case fatality rate of COVID-19 is higher amongst older adults than younger adults and is also higher amongst men than women. However, worry, which is a key motivator of behavioral health changes, occurs less frequently for older than younger adults, and less frequently for men than women. Building on this, we tested whether older adults - and particularly older men -- would report the least amount of COVID-19 worry and also fewer COVID-19 behavior changes. From March 23-31, 2020, we administered an online questionnaire assessing COVID-19 perceptions, worries, and behavior changes. Participants were a convenience sample of United States residents, who were community-dwelling younger adults (18-35) or older adults (65 to 81). Analyses included 146 younger adults (68 men, 78 women) and 156 older adults (82 men, 74 women). Participants was predominately White, living in suburban/urban areas, and had completed some college. During the early phase of the outbreak in the United States, older adults perceived the risks of COVID-19 to be higher than did younger adults. Despite this, older men were comparatively less worried about COVID-19 than their younger counterparts. Compared to the other participants, older men had also implemented the fewest behavior changes. Interventions are needed to increase COVID-19 behavior changes in older men. These results also highlight the importance of understanding emotional-responses to COVID-19, as these are predictive of their behavioral responses."}, {"pmid": 32435870, "pmcid": "PMC7238722", "title": "COVID-19: a primer for healthcare providers.", "journal": "Wien Klin Wochenschr", "authors": ["Bearden, Donna M", "Aiken, Patricia B", "Cheng, Yu Hsin", "Mai, Emily", "Peters, Timothy M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435870", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to the World Health Organization (WHO) the China office was first notified of cases of atypical pneumonia in Wuhan City on 31 December 2019. A\u00a0viral genome sequence of a\u00a0novel coronavirus, currently termed SARS-CoV\u20112, with a\u00a0disease process called COVID-19 was released 1 week later via online resources to obtain public health support in control of spread. Since then, the virus rapidly evolved into a\u00a0global pandemic. Therefore, healthcare providers need to be familiar with the clinical presentation of infected patients and measures to quickly isolate them. The prevention of nosocomial spread is paramount to proper control of COVID-19 and is reviewed. Currently, treatment is supportive. Researchers are working to develop vaccines and identify effective antiviral interventions. Those recently discussed in the literature are briefly reviewed."}, {"pmid": 32364846, "title": "COVID-19 Emergency and the Need to Speed Up the Adoption of Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes in Cancer Clinical Practice.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Marandino, Laura", "Necchi, Andrea", "Aglietta, Massimo", "Di Maio, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364846", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315968, "pmcid": "PMC7194862", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak: Challenges for Addiction services in India.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Arya, Sidharth", "Gupta, Rajiv"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315968", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454047, "pmcid": "PMC7245315", "title": "An evidence for correlation between the glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) polymorphism and outcome of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Saadat, Mostafa"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454047", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501454, "pmcid": "PMC7252085", "title": "Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Cavalli, Giulio", "De Luca, Giacomo", "Campochiaro, Corrado", "Della-Torre, Emanuel", "Ripa, Marco", "Canetti, Diana", "Oltolini, Chiara", "Castiglioni, Barbara", "Tassan Din, Chiara", "Boffini, Nicola", "Tomelleri, Alessandro", "Farina, Nicola", "Ruggeri, Annalisa", "Rovere-Querini, Patrizia", "Di Lucca, Giuseppe", "Martinenghi, Sabina", "Scotti, Raffaella", "Tresoldi, Moreno", "Ciceri, Fabio", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Zangrillo, Alberto", "Scarpellini, Paolo", "Dagna, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501454", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and systemic inflammation is high. In areas of pandemic outbreak, the number of patients can exceed maximum capacity of intensive care units (ICUs), and, thus, these individuals often receive non-invasive ventilation outside of the ICU. Effective treatments for this population are needed urgently. Anakinra is a recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist that might be beneficial in this patient population. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at the San Raffaele Hospital in Milan, Italy. We included consecutive patients (aged \u226518 years) with COVID-19, moderate-to-severe ARDS, and hyperinflammation (defined as serum C-reactive protein \u2265100 mg/L, ferritin \u2265900 ng/mL, or both) who were managed with non-invasive ventilation outside of the ICU and who received standard treatment of 200 mg hydroxychloroquine twice a day orally and 400 mg lopinavir with 100 mg ritonavir twice a day orally. We compared survival, mechanical ventilation-free survival, changes in C-reactive protein, respiratory function, and clinical status in a cohort of patients who received additional treatment with anakinra (either 5 mg/kg twice a day intravenously [high dose] or 100 mg twice a day subcutaneously [low dose]) with a retrospective cohort of patients who did not receive anakinra (referred to as the standard treatment group). All outcomes were assessed at 21 days. This study is part of the COVID-19 Biobank study, which is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04318366. Between March 17 and March 27, 2020, 29 patients received high-dose intravenous anakinra, non-invasive ventilation, and standard treatment. Between March 10 and March 17, 2020, 16 patients received non-invasive ventilation and standard treatment only and comprised the comparison group for this study. A further seven patients received low-dose subcutaneous anakinra in addition to non-invasive ventilation and standard treatment; however, anakinra treatment was interrupted after 7 days because of a paucity of effects on serum C-reactive protein and clinical status. At 21 days, treatment with high-dose anakinra was associated with reductions in serum C-reactive protein and progressive improvements in respiratory function in 21 (72%) of 29 patients; five (17%) patients were on mechanical ventilation and three (10%) died. In the standard treatment group, eight (50%) of 16 patients showed respiratory improvement at 21 days; one (6%) patient was on mechanical ventilation and seven (44%) died. At 21 days, survival was 90% in the high-dose anakinra group and 56% in the standard treatment group (p=0\u00b7009). Mechanical ventilation-free survival was 72% in the anakinra group versus 50% in the standard treatment group (p=0\u00b715). Bacteraemia occurred in four (14%) of 29 patients receiving high-dose anakinra and two (13%) of 16 patients receiving standard treatment. Discontinuation of anakinra was not followed by inflammatory relapses. In this retrospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 and ARDS managed with non-invasive ventilation outside of the ICU, treatment with high-dose anakinra was safe and associated with clinical improvement in 72% of patients. Confirmation of efficacy will require controlled trials. None."}, {"pmid": 32436251, "title": "Triage tool for the rationing of blood for massively bleeding patients during a severe national blood shortage: guidance from the National Blood Transfusion Committee.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Doughty, Heidi", "Green, Laura", "Callum, Jeannie", "Murphy, Michael F"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436251", "countries": ["Canada", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed healthcare resources worldwide, and for transfusion services this could potentially result in rapid imbalance between supply and demand due to a severe shortage of blood donors. This may result in insufficient blood components to meet every patient's needs resulting in difficult decisions about which patients with major bleeding do and do not receive active transfusion support. This document, which was prepared on behalf of the National Blood Transfusion Committee in England, provides a framework and triage tool to guide the allocation of blood for patients with massive haemorrhage during severe blood shortage. Its goal is to provide blood transfusions in an ethical, fair, and transparent way to ensure that the greatest number of life years are saved. It is based on an evidence- and ethics-based Canadian framework, and would become operational where demand for blood greatly exceeds supply, and where all measures to manage supply and demand have been exhausted. The guidance complements existing national shortage plans for red cells and platelets."}, {"pmid": 32404477, "pmcid": "PMC7223722", "title": "A noncompeting pair of human neutralizing antibodies block COVID-19 virus binding to its receptor ACE2.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Wu, Yan", "Wang, Feiran", "Shen, Chenguang", "Peng, Weiyu", "Li, Delin", "Zhao, Cheng", "Li, Zhaohui", "Li, Shihua", "Bi, Yuhai", "Yang, Yang", "Gong, Yuhuan", "Xiao, Haixia", "Fan, Zheng", "Tan, Shuguang", "Wu, Guizhen", "Tan, Wenjie", "Lu, Xuancheng", "Fan, Changfa", "Wang, Qihui", "Liu, Yingxia", "Zhang, Chen", "Qi, Jianxun", "Gao, George Fu", "Gao, Feng", "Liu, Lei"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404477", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neutralizing antibodies could potentially be used as antivirals against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, we report isolation of four human-origin monoclonal antibodies from a convalescent patient, all of which display neutralization abilities. The antibodies B38 and H4 block binding between the spike glycoprotein receptor binding domain (RBD) of the virus and the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). A competition assay indicated different epitopes on the RBD for these two antibodies, making them a potentially promising virus-targeting monoclonal antibody pair for avoiding immune escape in future clinical applications. Moreover, a therapeutic study in a mouse model validated that these antibodies can reduce virus titers in infected lungs. The RBD-B38 complex structure revealed that most residues on the epitope overlap with the RBD-ACE2 binding interface, explaining the blocking effect and neutralizing capacity. Our results highlight the promise of antibody-based therapeutics and provide a structural basis for rational vaccine design."}, {"pmid": 32198708, "pmcid": "PMC7088682", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus outbreak: a quiz or final exam?", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Xu, Jiuyang", "Chen, Yijun", "Chen, Hao", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198708", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging pathogen and is threatening the global health. Strikingly, more than 28 000 cases and 550 deaths have been reported within two months from disease emergence. Armed with experience from previous epidemics in the last two decades, clinicians, scientists, officials, and citizens in China are all contributing to the prevention of further 2019-nCoV transmission. Efficient preliminary work has enabled us to understand the basic characteristics of 2019-nCoV, but there are still many unanswered questions. It is too early now to judge our performance in this outbreak. Continuous and strengthened efforts should be made not only during the epidemic, but also afterwards in order to prepare for any incoming challenges."}, {"pmid": 32303698, "pmcid": "PMC7186929", "title": "A map of SARS-CoV-2 and host cell interactions.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Malle, Louise"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303698", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32156607, "pmcid": "PMC7094385", "title": "Positive rate of RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 4880 cases from one hospital in Wuhan, China, from Jan to Feb 2020.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Liu, Rui", "Han, Huan", "Liu, Fang", "Lv, Zhihua", "Wu, Kailang", "Liu, Yingle", "Feng, Yong", "Zhu, Chengliang"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156607", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There's an outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection since December 2019, first in China, and currently with more than 80 thousand confirmed infection globally in 29 countries till March 2, 2020. Identification, isolation and caring for patients early are essential to limit human-to-human transmission including reducing secondary infections among close contacts and health care workers, preventing transmission amplification events. The RT-PCR detection of viral nucleic acid test (NAT) was one of the most quickly established laboratory diagnosis method in a novel viral pandemic, just as in this COVID-19 outbreak. 4880 cases that had respiratory infection symptoms or close contact with COVID-19 patients in hospital in Wuhan, China, were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by use of quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) on samples from the respiratory tract. Positive rates were calculated in groups divided by genders or ages. The positive rate was about 38% for the total 4880 specimens. Male and older population had a significant higher positive rates. However, 57% was positive among the specimens from the Fever Clinics. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, not gender, was the risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in fever clinics. Therefore, we concluded that viral NAT played an important role in identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32486884, "title": "COVID-19: The Underestimated Pandemic Impacting People With Diabetes.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Shearer, David"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486884", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32264898, "pmcid": "PMC7137852", "title": "Surgery in COVID-19 patients: operational directives.", "journal": "World J Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Coccolini, Federico", "Perrone, Gennaro", "Chiarugi, Massimo", "Di Marzo, Francesco", "Ansaloni, Luca", "Scandroglio, Ildo", "Marini, Pierluigi", "Zago, Mauro", "De Paolis, Paolo", "Forfori, Francesco", "Agresta, Ferdinando", "Puzziello, Alessandro", "D'Ugo, Domenico", "Bignami, Elena", "Bellini, Valentina", "Vitali, Pietro", "Petrini, Flavia", "Pifferi, Barbara", "Corradi, Francesco", "Tarasconi, Antonio", "Pattonieri, Vittoria", "Bonati, Elena", "Tritapepe, Luigi", "Agnoletti, Vanni", "Corbella, Davide", "Sartelli, Massimo", "Catena, Fausto"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264898", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic underlines the importance of a mindful utilization of financial and human resources. Preserving resources and manpower is paramount in healthcare. It is important to ensure the ability of surgeons and specialized professionals to function through the pandemic. A conscious effort should be made to minimize infection in this sector. A high mortality rate within this group would be detrimental.This manuscript is the result of a collaboration between the major Italian surgical and anesthesiologic societies: ACOI, SIC, SICUT, SICO, SICG, SIFIPAC, SICE, and SIAARTI. We aim to describe recommended clinical pathways for COVID-19-positive patients requiring acute non-deferrable surgical care. All hospitals should organize dedicated protocols and workforce training as part of the effort to face the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32239278, "pmcid": "PMC7111588", "title": "Reply to ocular manifestation, eye protection, and COVID-19.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Lai, Tracy H T", "Tang, Emily W H", "Chau, Sandy K Y", "Li, Kenneth K W"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239278", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524645, "title": "Practice considerations on the use of investigational anti-COVID-19 medications: Dosage, administration and monitoring.", "journal": "J Clin Pharm Ther", "authors": ["Kang, Ji Eun", "Rhie, Sandy Jeong"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524645", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Understanding investigational medications is important. Many older drugs are being investigated for repurposing against COVID-19. We comment on various drugs currently undergoing such trials to optimize their safe use. We describe medications used during early COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea, focusing on practice aspects including the method of drug administration, drug formulation, patient-monitoring for adverse reactions and drug interactions informed by our experience during the 2015 outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). We comment on hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir with zinc supplement, remdesivir, tocilizumab, ciclesonide, niclosamide and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Effective therapies are urgently needed to manage COVID-19, and existing drugs such as antivirals and antimalarials are under investigation for repurposing to meet this need. This process requires up-to-date drug information to ensure optimum use, particularly safety and efficacy profiles of the medications, until convincing evidence is reported."}, {"pmid": 32414671, "pmcid": "PMC7205624", "title": "How Neurosurgeons Are Coping with COVID-19 and How It Impacts Our Neurosurgical Practice: Report from Geneva University Medical Center.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Molliqaj, Granit", "Schaller, Karl"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414671", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305073, "pmcid": "PMC7162624", "title": "COVID-19: the case for health-care worker screening to prevent hospital transmission.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Black, James R M", "Bailey, Chris", "Przewrocka, Joanna", "Dijkstra, Krijn K", "Swanton, Charles"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305073", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302502, "title": "Stone Care Triage During COVID-19 at the University of Washington.", "journal": "J Endourol", "authors": ["Metzler, Ian S", "Sorensen, Mathew D", "Sweet, Robert M", "Harper, Jonathan D"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302502", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322993, "pmcid": "PMC7176030", "title": "The emergence of SARS, MERS and novel SARS-2 coronaviruses in the 21st century.", "journal": "Arch Virol", "authors": ["da Costa, Vivaldo Gomes", "Moreli, Marcos Lazaro", "Saivish, Marielena Vogel"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322993", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the beginning of the 21st century, a new deadly infectious disease known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was recognized as a global public health threat. Subsequently, ten years after the initial SARS cases occurred in 2002, new cases of another atypical respiratory disease caused worldwide concern. This disease became known as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and was even more lethal than SARS. Currently, history has repeated itself with the emergence of a new Chinese epidemic at the end of 2019. For this respiratory disease, called COVID-19, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the etiologic agent. In sum, SARS, MERS and COVID-19 are caused by recently discovered coronaviruses that cause flu-like illnesses, but with a clinical outcome that tends to be more severe. As a result of the current importance of coronaviruses in global public health, we conducted a review to summarize and update, above all, the epidemiological historical aspects of the three major diseases in humans caused by coronaviral infection."}, {"pmid": 32525645, "title": "Comparison of the Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2, Other Coronavirus and Influenza Infections in Infants Less Than 1-Year-Old.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Vanhems, Philippe", "Endtz, Hubert", "Dananche, Cedric", "Komurian-Pradel, Florence", "Sanchez Picot, Valentina"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525645", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420612, "title": "COVID-19-associated immune thrombocytopenia.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Bomhof, Gienke", "Mutsaers, Pim G N J", "Leebeek, Frank W G", "Te Boekhorst, Peter A W", "Hofland, Johannes", "Croles, F Nanne", "Jansen, A J Gerard"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420612", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255382, "title": "Hospitalization and Critical Care of 109 Decedents with COVID-19 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Du, Rong-Hui", "Liu, Li-Min", "Yin, Wen", "Wang, Wen", "Guan, Lu-Lu", "Yuan, Ming-Li", "Li, Yu-Lei", "Hu, Yi", "Li, Xu-Yan", "Sun, Bing", "Peng, Peng", "Shi, Huan-Zhong"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255382", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, spreads across national and international borders. The overall death rate of COVID-19 pneumonia in Chinese population was 4%. To describe process of hospitalization and critical care of decedents with COVID-19 pneumonia. This was a multi-center observational study of 109 decedents with COVID-19 pneumonia from three hospitals in Wuhan. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected and analyzed, and final date of follow-up was February 24, 2020. The mean age of 109 decedents with COVID-19 pneumonia was 70.7 years, and 35 (32.1%) patients were female. 85 (78.0%) patients suffered from one or more underlying comorbidities. Multiple organ failure, especially respiratory failure and heart failure, appeared in all patients even at early stage of disease. Overall, from onset of symptom to death, the mean time was 22.3 days. All 109 hospitalized patients needed ICU admission, however, only 51 (46.8%) had such a chance because of limited availability. The period of hospitalization to death in ICU group and non-ICU group was 15.9 days (SD, 8.8 days) and 12.5 days (8.6 days, P = 0.044), respectively. Mortality due to COVID-19 pneumonia was concentrated in old people whose age was always above 65 years, especially those with major comorbidities. Patients admitted to ICU lived longer than those who did not gain admission to ICU. Our findings should aid in the recognition and clinical management of such infections, especially ICU resource allocation."}, {"pmid": 32092385, "pmcid": "PMC7127192", "title": "The continuous evolution and dissemination of 2019 novel human coronavirus.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Jiahao", "Ma, Kaixiong", "Li, Huanan", "Liao, Ming", "Qi, Wenbao"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092385", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379021, "title": "Rapid Publication, Knowledge Sharing, and Our Responsibility During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Shah, Samir S", "Kulkarni, Nita", "Mahant, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379021", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32197787, "pmcid": "PMC7102628", "title": "Practical recommendations for the perioperative management of the patient with suspection or serious infection by coronavirus SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Montero Feijoo, A", "Maseda, E", "Adalia Bartolome, R", "Aguilar, G", "Gonzalez de Castro, R", "Gomez-Herreras, J I", "Garcia Palenciano, C", "Pereira, J", "Ramasco Rueda, F", "Samso, E", "Suarez de la Rica, A", "Tamayo Medel, G", "Varela Duran, M"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197787", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Health and health Commission (Hubei Province, China) reported a series of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology. On January 7, 2020, the Chinese authorities identified as a causative agent of the outbreak a new type of virus of the Coronaviridiae family, called SARS-CoV-2. Since then, thounsands of cases have been reported with global dissemination. Infections in humans cause a broad clinical spectrum ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection, to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. There is not specific treatment for SARS-CoV-2, which is why the fundamental aspects are to establish adequate prevention measures and support treatment and management of complications."}, {"pmid": 32405099, "pmcid": "PMC7218377", "title": "The facemask in public and healthcare workers: a need, not a belief.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Sergi, C M", "Leung, A K C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405099", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283099, "pmcid": "PMC7194682", "title": "Why does SARS-CoV-2 invade the gastrointestinal epithelium?", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Uno, Yoshiharu"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283099", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443151, "title": "Lopinavir pharmacokinetics in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Gregoire, Matthieu", "Le Turnier, Paul", "Gaborit, Benjamin J", "Veyrac, Gwenaelle", "Lecomte, Raphael", "Boutoille, David", "Canet, Emmanuel", "Imbert, Berthe-Marie", "Bellouard, Ronan", "Raffi, Francois"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443151", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437228, "title": "Covid-19 emergency in prison: Current management and forensic perspectives.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Caputo, Fiorella", "Gratteri, Santo", "Sacco, Matteo Antonio", "Scalise, Carmen", "Cacciatore, Giulia", "Bonetta, Filippo", "Zibetti, Angelica", "Aloe, Luigi De", "Sicilia, Francesco", "Cordasco, Fabrizio", "Ricci, Pietrantonio", "Aquila, Isabella"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437228", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic is currently a major worldwide public health problem. Contagion within prisons and in other custodial settings will need to be addressed promptly, but the management of preventive measures will be difficult due to overcrowding and inmates and officers' close physical contact. There may also be less access to care than in community settings. Accordingly, prisons are particularly vulnerable to outbreaks of infection, and in addition to the likely greater risks of contagion attention must be paid to the psychological problems that the pandemic can have on the prison population. Riots and episodes of violence have already taken place in various prisons. With the inevitable restrictions on social contact and family meetings, prisoners who already are at increased risk of mental illness and suicide are more susceptible to adverse psychological repercussions. From a forensic point of view, therefore, we stress the need for the development of a strong support network by mental health workers for the prison population."}, {"pmid": 32357977, "title": "Identifying rheumatic disease patients at high risk and requiring shielding during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Price, Elizabeth", "MacPhie, Elizabeth", "Kay, Lesley", "Lanyon, Peter", "Griffiths, Bridget", "Holroyd, Christopher", "Abhishek, Abhishek", "Youngstein, Taryn", "Bailey, Kathryn", "Clinch, Jacqui", "Shaikh, Muddassir", "Rivett, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357977", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rheumatology teams care for patients with diverse, systemic autoimmune diseases who are often immunosuppressed and at high risk of infections. The current COVID-19 pandemic has presented particular challenges in caring for and managing this patient group. The office of the chief medical officer (CMO) for England contacted the rheumatology community to provide expert advice on the identification of extremely vulnerable patients at very high risk during the COVID-19 pandemic who should be 'shielded'. This involves the patients being asked to strictly self-isolate for at least 12 weeks with additional funded support provided for them to remain at home. A group of rheumatologists (the authors) have devised a pragmatic guide to identifying the very highest risk group using a rapidly developed scoring system which went live simultaneous with the Government announcement on shielding and was cascaded to all rheumatologists working in England."}, {"pmid": 32375268, "title": "Coronavirus Pandemic-Therapy and Vaccines.", "journal": "Biomedicines", "authors": ["Lundstrom, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375268", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic, which originated in Wuhan, China, has raised significant social, psychological and economic concerns in addition to direct medical issues. The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 to almost every country on the globe and the failure to contain the infections have contributed to fear and panic worldwide. The lack of available and efficient antiviral drugs or vaccines has further worsened the situation. For these reasons, it cannot be overstated that an accelerated effort for the development of novel drugs and vaccines is needed. In this context, novel approaches in both gene therapy and vaccine development are essential. Previous experience from SARS- and MERS-coronavirus vaccine and drug development projects have targeted glycoprotein epitopes, monoclonal antibodies, angiotensin receptor blockers and gene silencing technologies, which may be useful for COVID-19 too. Moreover, existing antivirals used for other types of viral infections have been considered as urgent action is necessary. This review aims at providing a background of coronavirus genetics and biology, examples of therapeutic and vaccine strategies taken and potential innovative novel approaches in progress."}, {"pmid": 32160114, "title": "The pandemic of coronavirus: tackling the latest plague.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Ashton, John"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160114", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296166, "pmcid": "PMC7156894", "title": "Provision of cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Rev Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Spicer, James", "Chamberlain, Charlotte", "Papa, Sophie"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296166", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481256, "title": "The computation of case fatality rate for novel coronavirus (COVID-19) based on Bayes theorem: An observational study.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Chang, Chi-Sheng", "Yeh, Yu-Tsen", "Chien, Tsair-Wei", "Lin, Jui-Chung John", "Cheng, Bor-Wen", "Kuo, Shu-Chun"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481256", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When a new disease such starts to spread, the commonly asked questions are how deadly is it? and how many people are likely to die of this outbreak? The World Health Organization (WHO) announced in a press conference on January 29, 2020 that the death rate of COVID-19 was 2% on the case fatality rate (CFR). It was underestimated assuming no lag days from symptom onset to deaths while many CFR formulas have been proposed, the estimation on Bays theorem is worthy of interpretation. Hence, it is hypothesized that the over-loaded burdens of treating patients and capacities to contain the outbreak (LSBHRS) may increase the CFR. We downloaded COVID-19 outbreak numbers from January 21 to February 14, 2020, in countries/regions on a daily basis from Github that contains information on confirmed cases in >30 Chinese locations and other countries/regions. The pros and cons were compared among the 5 formula of CFR, including [A] deaths/confirmed; [B] deaths/(deaths\u200a+\u200arecovered); [C] deaths/(cases x days ago); [D] Bayes estimation based on [A] and the outbreak (LSBHRS) in each country/region; and [E] Bayes estimation based on [C] deaths/(cases x days ago). The coefficients of variance (CV\u200a=\u200athe ratio of the standard deviation to the mean) were applied to measure the relative variability for each CFR. A dashboard was developed for daily display of the CFR across each region. The Bayes based on (A)[D] has the lowest CV (=0.10) followed by the deaths/confirmed (=0.11) [A], deaths/(deaths\u200a+\u200arecoveries) (=0.42) [B], Bayes based on (C) (=0.49) [E], and deaths/(cases x days ago) (=0.59) [C]. All final CFRs will be equal using the formula (from, A to E). A dashboard was developed for the daily reporting of the CFR. The CFR (3.7%) greater than the prior CFR of 2.2% was evident in LSBHRS, increasing the CFR. A dashboard was created to present the CFRs on COVID-19. We suggest examining both trends of the Bayes based on both deaths/(cases 7 days ago) and deaths/confirmed cases as a reference to the final CFR. An app developed for displaying the provisional CFR with the 2 CFR trends can improve the underestimated CFR reported by WHO and media."}, {"pmid": 32242948, "pmcid": "PMC7228233", "title": "Response to Carletti et al, \"About the origin of the first two SARS-CoV-2 infections in Italy: Inference not supported by appropriate sequence analysis\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ciccozzi, Massimo", "Giovanetti, Marta", "Benvenuto, Domenico", "Angeletti, Silvia"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242948", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32037473, "pmcid": "PMC7090857", "title": "New coronavirus: new challenges for pediatricians.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Chen, Zhi-Min", "Fu, Jun-Fen", "Shu, Qiang"], "date": "2020-02-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32037473", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340097, "title": "[Comparison of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SARS, pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and COVID-19, and consideration on prevention and control strategies of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, H Q"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340097", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We compared the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and COVID-19 and found that COVID-19 was more contagious, more concealed in transmission, with greater infectious intensity and more severe clinical manifestations. If the COVID-19 epidemic is not effectively controlled, it will have a serious impact on human health, and even social development. Recognizing the characteristics of three diseases, especially COVID-19, and improving the disease awareness of COVID-19 will help better implement the guidelines of \"scientific prevention and treatment, precise implementation\" and prevent and control COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32092368, "pmcid": "PMC7134396", "title": "The non-contact handheld cutaneous infra-red thermometer for fever screening during the COVID-19 global emergency.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Aw, J"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092368", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385458, "title": "What will be the new normal for the dental industry?", "journal": "Br Dent J", "authors": ["Proffitt, Edmund"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385458", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 situation has seen the cessation of all non-urgent dental care in the UK. Regular practice activity has come to a virtual standstill and the dental industry has seen a very significant reduction in its provision of products and services. There are differing government financial mitigations in place across dental practices for NHS and, to an extent private, activity, as well as for the dental industry. Dentistry is generally classified in the very high-risk category of aerosol production through many aerosol generating procedures (AGPs). To facilitate any move towards the resumption of widespread dental treatment, possibly without mass vaccination or the widespread use of antibody testing, the aerosol issue will need to be addressed and solved. From a dental industry perspective, equipment and product manufacturers and suppliers are building upon, and further developing, the industry's extremely close relationship and partnership with the dental profession, in order to develop and implement new ways of thinking and new approaches, products and techniques to protect patients and clinicians, focusing on a return to the more widespread provision of dentistry."}, {"pmid": 32238430, "title": "Nuclear Medicine Operations in the Times of COVID-19: Strategies, Precautions, and Experiences.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Czernin, Johannes", "Fanti, Stefano", "Meyer, Philipp T", "Allen-Auerbach, Martin", "Hacker, Marcus", "Sathekge, Mike", "Hicks, Rodney", "Scott, Andrew M", "Hatazawa, Jun", "Yun, Mijin", "Schoder, Heiko", "Bartenstein, Peter", "Herrmann, Ken"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238430", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499988, "pmcid": "PMC7268578", "title": "Protective Adaptive Immunity Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Implications for Vaccines.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Manners, Christopher", "Larios Bautista, Erick", "Sidoti, Hannah", "Lopez, Osvaldo J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499988", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging human coronavirus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a predominantly respiratory disease that has become a global pandemic. Millions of people worldwide are suffering from COVID-19, and hundreds of thousands of those infected have died. Nevertheless, many more people who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or suffer a mild disease characterized by dry cough and mild fever. This new pandemic poses a threat to public health on a global scale, and an intervention to prevent continued spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus is of the utmost importance. To assess preventive and therapeutic strategies, it is imperative to understand the pathogenesis and immune response against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we concentrate on the protective adaptive immune response elicited by this novel coronavirus as well as requirements for a successful vaccine inducing optimal protection."}, {"pmid": 32366618, "title": "Suffocating in the eye of the storm: attempting to breathe at the epicentre of New York's COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Jiang, Lynn", "Flores, Stefan"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366618", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303472, "pmcid": "PMC7146647", "title": "Acute pulmonary embolism in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Imaging", "authors": ["Cellina, M", "Oliva, G"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303472", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515374, "title": "The Microbiology of Coronaviruses.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Zafar, Humaira"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515374", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The end of 2019 marked the start of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic from China, which went on to envelope more than 190 countries and territories across the globe. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), from a group of betacoronaviruses, is responsible for COVID-19. The virulent factors include the presence of envelope and spike proteins having receptor bonding domains (RBD). Clinical manifestations can range from mild respiratory infections to fatal outcomes. The viability of virus ranges from 3 to 72 hours. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the diagnostic test of choice in this pandemic situation. Due to the absence of specific antivirals and vaccine, adoption of preventive option can help to combat the specific life-threatening outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32246904, "pmcid": "PMC7194864", "title": "UK senior police officer with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Kirby, Tony"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246904", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425289, "pmcid": "PMC7229968", "title": "[Recommendations on cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). Executive summary].", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Yago, Miguel Angel Rodriguez", "Mayayo, Inmaculada Alcalde", "Lopez, Rocio Gomez", "Nieves Parias Angel, M feminine", "Miranda, Ayose Perez", "Aracil, Magdalena Canals", "Fuentes, Eva Civantos", "Nunez, Antonio Rodriguez", "Martinez, Ignacio Manrique", "Cid, Jesus Lopez-Herce", "Sarrato, Gonzalo Zeballos", "Macias, Custodio Calvo", "Hernandez-Tejedor, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425289", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created new scenarios that require modifications to the usual cardiopulmonary resuscitation protocols. The current clinical guidelines on the management of cardiorespiratory arrest do not include recommendations for situations that apply to this context. Therefore, the National Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Plan of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC), in collaboration with the Spanish Group of Pediatric and Neonatal CPR and with the Teaching Life Support in Primary Care program of the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFyC), have written these recommendations, which are divided into five parts that address the main aspects for each healthcare setting. This article consists of an executive summary of them."}, {"pmid": 32470110, "title": "The ethics of neuro-oncology in the era of COVID-19: Lessons to be learned.", "journal": "Neuro Oncol", "authors": ["Das, Sunit"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470110", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527720, "title": "Covid-19: Students on standby to help with contract tracing.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Lynch, Cameron A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527720", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366705, "pmcid": "PMC7231546", "title": "Ethics of instantaneous contact tracing using mobile phone apps in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Parker, Michael J", "Fraser, Christophe", "Abeler-Dorner, Lucie", "Bonsall, David"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366705", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper we discuss ethical implications of the use of mobile phone apps in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Contact tracing is a well-established feature of public health practice during infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics. However, the high proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission in COVID-19 means that standard contact tracing methods are too slow to stop the progression of infection through the population. To address this problem, many countries around the world have deployed or are developing mobile phone apps capable of supporting instantaneous contact tracing. Informed by the on-going mapping of 'proximity events' these apps are intended both to inform public health policy and to provide alerts to individuals who have been in contact with a person with the infection. The proposed use of mobile phone data for 'intelligent physical distancing' in such contexts raises a number of important ethical questions. In our paper, we outline some ethical considerations that need to be addressed in any deployment of this kind of approach as part of a multidimensional public health response. We also, briefly, explore the implications for its use in future infectious disease outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32398903, "pmcid": "PMC7214338", "title": "Emergency and Urgent Orthopaedic Surgeries in non covid patients during the COVID 19 pandemic: Perspective from India.", "journal": "J Orthop", "authors": ["Keny, Dr Swapnil", "Bagaria, Dr Vaibhav", "Chaudhary, Dr Kshitij", "Dhawale, Dr Arjun"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398903", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To Evaluate the results and the protocols of our Institution for 18 Emergency and Urgent Non Covid Surgeries during the Covid 19 Pandemic. 18 patients underwent Emergency and Urgent Orthopaedic Surgeries at institution. The Protocol was Screening, Segregation, Selection, Isolation, theatre modification, and Online Follow. Two adverse events including, one death and one intensive care admission due to underlying morbidity were recorded. Average Hospital stay was 2.5 days with no patients becoming covid positive at follow up. Strict Surgical protocols need to be followed for surgery during the Covid19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32425181, "title": "[COVID-19 outbreak and Cardiac Surgery: position paper from the COVID-SICCH Task Force of the Italian Society for Cardiac Surgery].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Bonalumi, Giorgia", "Di Mauro, Michele", "Garatti, Andrea", "Barili, Fabio", "Parolari, Alessandro", "Gerosa, Gino"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425181", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507746, "title": "Modeling the impact of mass influenza vaccination and public health interventions on COVID-19 epidemics with limited detection capability.", "journal": "Math Biosci", "authors": ["Li, Qian", "Tang, Biao", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Xiao, Yanni", "Wu, Jianhong"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 causes a generally mild, but sometimes severe and even life-threatening infection, known as COVID-19. Currently, there exist no effective vaccines or drugs and, as such, global public authorities have so far relied upon non pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Since COVID-19 symptoms are aspecific and may resemble a common cold, if it should come back with a seasonal pattern and coincide with the influenza season, this would be particularly challenging, overwhelming and straining the healthcare systems, particularly in resource-limited contexts, and would increase the likelihood of nosocomial transmission. In the present study, we devised a mathematical model focusing on the treatment of people complaining of influenza-like-illness (ILI) symptoms, potentially at risk of contracting COVID-19 or other emerging/re-emerging respiratory infectious agents during their admission at the health-care setting, who will occupy the detection kits causing a severe shortage of testing resources. The model is used to assess the effect of mass influenza vaccination on the spread of COVID-19 and other respiratory pathogens in the case of a coincidence of the outbreak with the influenza season. Here, we show that increasing influenza vaccine uptake or enhancing the public health interventions would facilitate the management of respiratory outbreaks coinciding with the peak flu season, especially, compensate the shortage of the detection resources. However, how to increase influenza vaccination coverage rate remains challenging. Public health decision- and policy-makers should adopt evidence-informed strategies to improve influenza vaccine uptake."}, {"pmid": 32125455, "pmcid": "PMC7079879", "title": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Haibo", "Penninger, Josef M", "Li, Yimin", "Zhong, Nanshan", "Slutsky, Arthur S"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125455", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485048, "title": "Increasing melanoma awareness amongst health and social care professionals in secondary care in an era of reduced skin cancer referrals.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Quinlan, C", "Gill, R", "Murphy, M"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485048", "countries": ["Ireland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid 19 outbreak has resulted in a reduction in cancer referrals. The Health Service Executive (HSE) in Ireland reports a reduction of 72% in pigmented lesion referrals since the pandemic began. This is concerning and likely reflects the fact that people are ignoring symptoms and delaying seeking medical advice due to fears related to Covid 19."}, {"pmid": 32450198, "pmcid": "PMC7243790", "title": "A review on possible modes of action of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine: repurposing against SAR-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Tripathy, Satyajit", "Dassarma, Barsha", "Roy, Somenath", "Chabalala, Hlupheka", "Matsabisa, Motlalepula Gilbert"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450198", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chloroquine (CQ) and its analogue hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have long been used worldwide as frontline drugs for the treatment and prophylaxis of human malaria. Since the first reported cases in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019, humans have been under threat from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (previously known as 2019-nCoV), subsequently declared a pandemic. While the world is searching for expedited approval for a vaccine, which may be only preventative and not a cure, physicians and country leaders are considering several concerted clinical trials suggesting that the age-old antimalarial drugs CQ/HCQ could be a potent therapeutic against COVID-19. Based on accumulating scientific reports, here we highlight the possible modes of action of CQ/HCQ that could justify its use against viral infections. Considering the global health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, the option of repurposing old drugs, e.g. CQ/HCQ, particularly HCQ, for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection could be a good choice. CQ/HCQ has diverse modes of action, including alteration of the acidic environment inside lysosomes and late endosomes, preventing endocytosis, exosome release and phagolysosomal fusion, and inhibition of the host cytokine storm. One or more diverse mechanisms might work against viral infections and reduce mortality. As there is no cure for COVID-19, clinical testing of HCQ is urgently required to determine its potency against SARS-CoV-2, as this is the currently available treatment option. There remains a need to find other innovative drug candidates as possible candidates to enter clinical evaluation and testing."}, {"pmid": 32282658, "pmcid": "PMC7258752", "title": "Rehospitalization of a Recovered Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Child With Positive Nucleic Acid Detection.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Wang, Haizhou", "Li, Ying", "Wang, Fan", "Du, Hui", "Lu, Xiaoxia"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282658", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (coronavirus disease 19) occurred in Wuhan and rapidly spread throughout China and beyond. During this period, increasing of reports found that several recovered patients from different hospitals showed positive results of nucleic acid test again soon after discharge. However, little attention has been paid to recovered children. Herein, we reported a case of 8-year-old recovered child, who was rehospitalized again because of unexplained fever."}, {"pmid": 32497809, "pmcid": "PMC7263236", "title": "Evaluation of novel antigen-based rapid detection test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Porte, Lorena", "Legarraga, Paulette", "Vollrath, Valeska", "Aguilera, Ximena", "Munita, Jose M", "Araos, Rafael", "Pizarro, Gabriel", "Vial, Pablo", "Iruretagoyena, Mirentxu", "Dittrich, Sabine", "Weitzel, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497809", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the development and validation of rapid and easy-to-perform diagnostic methods are of high priority. We evaluated a novel rapid antigen detection test (RDT) for SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples. The fluorescence immunochromatographic SARS-CoV-2 antigen test (Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Shenzhen, China) was evaluated using universal transport medium with nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs from suspected Covid-19 cases. Diagnostic accuracy was determined in comparison to SARS-CoV-2 real time (RT)-PCR. A total of 127 samples were included; 82 were RT-PCR positive. Median patients' age was 38 years, 53.5% were male, and 93.7% were from the first week after symptom onset. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 93.9% (CI95% 86.5-97.4) and 100% (CI95% 92.1-100), respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 96.1% and Kappa coefficient of 0.9. Sensitivity was significantly higher in samples with high viral loads. The evaluated RDT showed a high sensitivity and specificity in samples mainly obtained during the first week of symptoms and with high viral loads, despite the use of a non-validated sample material. The assay has the potential to become an important tool for early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, particularly in situations with limited access to molecular methods."}, {"pmid": 32479913, "pmcid": "PMC7256646", "title": "Scoring system to triage patients for spine surgery in the setting of limited resources: Application to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Sciubba, Daniel M", "Ehresman, Jeff", "Pennington, Zach", "Lubelski, Daniel", "Feghali, James", "Bydon, Ali", "Chou, Dean", "Elder, Benjamin D", "Elsamadicy, Aladine A", "Goodwin, C Rory", "Goodwin, Matthew L", "Harrop, James", "Klineberg, Eric O", "Laufer, Ilya", "Lo, Sheng-Fu L", "Neuman, Brian J", "Passias, Peter G", "Protopsaltis, Themistocles", "Shin, John H", "Theodore, Nicholas", "Witham, Timothy F", "Benzel, Edward C"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479913", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of May 4, 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected >3.5 million people and touched every inhabited continent. Accordingly, it has stressed health systems worldwide, leading to the cancellation of elective surgical cases and discussions regarding health care resource rationing. It is expected that rationing of surgical resources will continue even after the pandemic peak and may recur with future pandemics, creating a need for a means of triaging patients for emergent and elective spine surgery. Using a modified Delphi technique, a cohort of 16 fellowship-trained spine surgeons from 10 academic medical centers constructed a scoring system for the triage and prioritization of emergent and elective spine surgeries. Three separate rounds of videoconferencing and written correspondence were used to reach a final scoring system. Sixteen test cases were used to optimize the scoring system so that it could categorize cases as requiring emergent, urgent, high-priority elective, or low-priority elective scheduling. The devised scoring system included 8 independent components: neurologic status, underlying spine stability, presentation of a high-risk postoperative complication, patient medical comorbidities, expected hospital course, expected discharge disposition, facility resource limitations, and local disease burden. The resultant calculator was deployed as a freely available Web-based calculator (https://jhuspine3.shinyapps.io/SpineUrgencyCalculator/). We present the first quantitative urgency scoring system for the triage and prioritizing of spine surgery cases in resource-limited settings. We believe that our scoring system, although not all encompassing, has potential value as a guide for triaging spine surgical cases during the COVID pandemic and post-COVID period."}, {"pmid": 32406015, "pmcid": "PMC7220590", "title": "COVID-19 and people who use drugs: a call for action.", "journal": "Can J Public Health", "authors": ["Jozaghi, Ehsan", "Maynard, Russ", "Hemm, Dave", "Marsh, Samona"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406015", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32106852, "pmcid": "PMC7047369", "title": "Q&A: The novel coronavirus outbreak causing COVID-19.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Fisher, Dale", "Heymann, David"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32106852", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289791, "pmcid": "PMC7206357", "title": "A Rational Use of Clozapine Based on Adverse Drug Reactions, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Pharmacopsychology.", "journal": "Psychother Psychosom", "authors": ["de Leon, Jose", "Ruan, Can-Jun", "Schoretsanitis, Georgios", "De Las Cuevas, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289791", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using Richardson and Davidson's model and the sciences of pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacopsychology, this article reviewed the: (1) poor life expectancy associated with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), which may be improved in patients who adhere to clozapine; (2) findings that clozapine is the best treatment for TRS (according to efficacy, effectiveness and well-being); and (3) potential for clozapine to cause vulnerabilities, including potentially lethal adverse drug reactions such as agranulocytosis, pneumonia, and myocarditis. Rational use requires: (1) modification of the clozapine package insert worldwide to include lower doses for Asians and to avoid the lethality associated with pneumonia, (2) the use of clozapine levels for personalizing dosing, and (3) the use of slow and personalized titration. This may make clozapine as safe as possible and contribute to increased life expectancy and well-being. In the absence of data on COVID-19 in clozapine patients, clozapine possibly impairs immunological mechanisms and may increase pneumonia risk in infected patients. Psychiatrists should call their clozapine patients and families and explain to them that if the patient develops fever or flu-like symptoms, the psychiatrist should be called and should consider halving the clozapine dose. If the patient is hospitalized with pneumonia, the treating physician needs to assess for symptoms of clozapine intoxication since halving the dose may not be enough for all patients; consider decreasing it to one-third or even stopping it. Once the signs of inflammation and fever have disappeared, the clozapine dose can be slowly increased to the prior dosage level."}, {"pmid": 32253251, "title": "Lessons from covid-19: visiting patients at home and assessing comorbidities.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Stevens, Anna M H"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463092, "title": "Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Chiotos, Kathleen", "Bassiri, Hamid", "Behrens, Edward M", "Blatz, Allison M", "Chang, Joyce", "Diorio, Caroline", "Fitzgerald, Julie C", "Topjian, Alexis", "John, Audrey R Odom"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463092", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a series of six critically ill children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Key findings of this syndrome include fever, diarrhea, shock, and variable presence of rash, conjunctivitis, extremity edema, and mucous membrane changes."}, {"pmid": 32268041, "title": "Audio Interview: Emerging Tools in the Fight against Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268041", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305032, "pmcid": "PMC7151293", "title": "China adopts non-contact free consultation to help the public cope with the psychological pressure caused by new coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Dan, Zhaokui"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305032", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447647, "pmcid": "PMC7245506", "title": "Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ECs) and COVID-19: the perfect storm for young consumers.", "journal": "Clin Transl Oncol", "authors": ["Pino, L E", "Triana, I", "Perez, C", "Piotrostanalzki, A", "Ruiz-Patino, A", "Lopes, G", "Cardona, A F"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447647", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused a change in our society and put health systems in crisis worldwide. Different risk factors and comorbidities have been found that increase the risk of mortality when acquiring this infection. The use of alternative devices to the cigarette like the electronic cigarettes, the vapers have been studied widely and generators of great controversy since it has been discovered that they also produce different pulmonary affections. When developing the SARS-CoV2 infection, different theories have been generated about the greater predisposition to a worse prognosis of people who use electronic cigarettes; however, the information on this continues in discovery. A group of experts made up of oncologists, infectologists, pulmonologists, and epidemiologists met to review the literature and then generate theories about the impact of electronic cigarettes on SARS-CoV2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32189463, "pmcid": "PMC7228253", "title": "The possibility of COVID-19 transmission from eye to nose.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Qing, Huiling", "Li, Zhijie", "Yang, Zhengwei", "Shi, Menghai", "Huang, Zixu", "Song, Jinghui", "Song, Zongming"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189463", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492197, "title": "SARS-CoV-2: A comprehensive review from pathogenicity of the virus to clinical consequences.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lotfi, Melika", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492197", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nowadays, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, is the worldwide challenge. The virus is highly contagious, and clinical consequences were very divers. It is estimated that if no effective action is taken, COVID-19 could plague 90% of the world's population and kill over 40 million people. So, it is essential to understand the virus pathogenicity and follow the preventive methods to control the high morbidity and mortality rates. Meanwhile our current knowledge of COVID-19 is still limited, despite hard efforts of scientists and clinicians during last few months. In this review article, we have collected the latest data about characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic methods of SARS-CoV-2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32339508, "pmcid": "PMC7182508", "title": "Novel Percutaneous Tracheostomy for Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Angel, Luis", "Kon, Zachary N", "Chang, Stephanie H", "Rafeq, Samaan", "Shekar, Saketh Palasamudram", "Mitzman, Brian", "Amoroso, Nancy", "Goldenberg, Ronald", "Sureau, Kimberly", "Smith, Deane", "Cerfolio, Robert J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339508", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a worldwide pandemic, with many patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. Tracheostomy is not recommended by current guidelines as it is considered a super-spreading event due to aerosolization that unduly risks healthcare workers. Patients with severe COVID-19 that were on mechanical ventilation \u2265 5 days were evaluated for percutaneous dilational tracheostomy. We developed a novel percutaneous tracheostomy technique that placed the bronchoscope alongside the endotracheal tube, not inside it. This improved visualization during the procedure and continued standard mechanical ventilation after positioning the inflated endotracheal tube cuff in the distal trachea. This technique offers a significant mitigation for the risk of virus aerosolization during the procedure. From March 10 to April 15, 2020, 270 patients with COVID-19 required invasive mechanical ventilation at New York University Langone Health Manhattan's campus of which 98 patients underwent percutaneous dilational tracheostomy. The mean time from intubation to the procedure was 10.6 days (SD \u00b15 days). Currently, thirty-two (33%) patients do not require mechanical ventilatory support, 19 (19%) have their tracheostomy tube downsized and 8 (8%) were decannulated. Forty (41%) patients remain on full ventilator support, while 19 (19%) are weaning from mechanical ventilation. Seven (7%) died as result of respiratory and multiorgan failure. Tracheostomy related bleeding was the most common complication (5 patients). None of health care providers have developed symptoms or tested positive for COVID-19. Our percutaneous tracheostomy technique appears to be safe and effective for COVID-19 patients and safe for healthcare workers."}, {"pmid": 32426292, "pmcid": "PMC7212352", "title": "Oral Chemotherapy for Treatment of Lung Cancer.", "journal": "Front Oncol", "authors": ["Jonna, Sushma", "Reuss, Joshua E", "Kim, Chul", "Liu, Stephen V"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted healthcare delivery, particularly for patients with advanced lung cancer. While certain aspects of care can be safely omitted or delayed, systemic therapy plays an important role in survival and quality of life for patients with advanced lung cancer; limiting access to systemic therapy will compromise cancer-related outcomes. This can be at odds with strategies to mitigate risk of COVID-19 exposure, which include reducing hospital and clinic visits. One important strategy is implementation of oral cancer therapies. Many standard regimens require intravenous infusions but there are specific circumstances where an oral agent could be an acceptable alternative. Integrating oral therapeutics can permit patients to receive effective systemic treatment without the exposure risks associated with frequent infusions. Here, we review currently available oral cytotoxic agents with a potential role in the treatment of lung cancer."}, {"pmid": 32370981, "pmcid": "PMC7174183", "title": "[Evolution of electro-convulsive therapy activity in France since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Amad, A", "Magnat, M", "Quiles, C", "Yrondi, A", "Sauvaget, A", "Bulteau, S", "Plaze, M", "Rotharmel, M", "Polosan, M", "Levy-Chavagnat, D", "Jaafari, N", "Vaiva, G", "Thomas, P"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370981", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent COVID-19 pandemic has led to major organisational changes in health care settings, especially in psychiatric hospitals. We conducted a national online survey to assess the evolution of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the different centres practicing this treatment. 65 responses from all over France were analysed. More than 90\u00a0% of the centres practising ECT experienced a decrease in their activity. Half of the centres experienced a total cessation of activity and 25\u00a0% of the centres experienced a decrease of more than half of their usual activity. Post-pandemic COVID-19 psychiatric care is expected to be difficult. It is essential not to add to this difficulty the complications, often serious, that will be associated with delaying or stopping the practice of ECT. It will also be necessary to remain vigilant with regard to the specific neuropsychiatric consequences that will follow the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32345072, "pmcid": "PMC7196920", "title": "The role of essential organ-based comorbidities in the prognosis of COVID-19 infection patients.", "journal": "Expert Rev Respir Med", "authors": ["Yang, Rongrong", "Gui, Xien", "Zhang, Yongxi", "Xiong, Yong"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345072", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives: To assess the role of essential organ-based comorbidities in the prognosis of COVID-19 patients.Methods: All consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from 11 January to 16 March 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study.Results: A total of 212 COVID-19 patients were included. COVID-19 patients with heart, liver and kidneycomorbidity, compared to patients without related comorbidities, were more likely to have cardiac injuries [9.1%(3/33) vs 2.2%(4/179), P\u00a0=\u00a00.043], liver injuries [13.0%(3/23) vs 3.2%(6/189), P\u00a0=\u00a00.027], kidney injury [54.5%(6/11) vs 2.0%(4/201), P\u00a0<\u00a00.001], and higher risk of mortality [Heart-comorbidity: 6.1%(2/33) vs 0.6%(1/179), P\u00a0=\u00a00.014; Liver-comorbidity: 8.7%(2/23) vs 0.5%(1/189), P\u00a0=\u00a00.002; Kidney-comorbidity: 27.3%(3/11) vs 1.0%(2/201), P\u00a0<\u00a00.001. Mortality was higher in patients with more severe Grade of organ injuries [Heart-injury: P\u00a0=\u00a00.044; Liver-injury: P\u00a0=\u00a00.020; Kidney-injury: P\u00a0=\u00a00.030].Conclusion: Male, older, co-existing of heart, liver, and kidney comorbidities, especially those with severe Grade organ injuries, had a poor prognosis after SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32450770, "title": "Evolving Management of COVID-19: A Multi-institutional Otolaryngology Perspective.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Wickemeyer, Johanna L", "Billings, Kathleen R", "Valika, Taher S"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide evolving information on active protocols regarding inpatient, outpatient, procedural, and surgical case management taking place in otolaryngology practices in response to COVID-19. Cross-sectional multi-institutional survey. An online survey of 55 otolaryngology departments across North America. As of March 25, 2020, almost all (n = 53 of 55, 96.3%) otolaryngology departments had canceled elective cases and were performing only urgent consults. Most residents continued to participate in operative cases (n = 45 of 49, 91.8%) and take call (n = 48 of 50, 96.0%). Of the respondents, 27 of 29 (93.1%) stated that they were deferring nonemergent tracheostomy procedures for the time being. The use of personal protective equipment followed a general trend of an increasing level of protection with an increased risk of the procedure; most (n = 49 of 54, 90.7%) incorporated N95 mask usage for bedside/clinic examinations with flexible laryngoscopy. Powered air-purifying respirators and N95 masks were used mainly for procedures involving the mucosal surfaces. Due to the high viral density in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx of patients with COVID-19, basic examinations and common otolaryngology procedures place practitioners at high risk of exposure. Although there is variability in practice among otolaryngologists across North America in managing the COVID-19 outbreak, most are primarily seeing urgent ambulatory and inpatient consultations. Most are also incorporating personal protective equipment appropriate to the level of transmission across mucous membranes. In these rapidly evolving times, it is helpful to find solidarity and assurance among health care providers. Current data aimed to provide (1) perceived methods regarding the safe care of otolaryngology patients and (2) updated practice patterns at a national level."}, {"pmid": 32454343, "pmcid": "PMC7237915", "title": "COVID-19: Recommendations for regional anesthesia.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Herman, Jared A", "Urits, Ivan", "Kaye, Alan D", "Urman, Richard D", "Viswanath, Omar"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454343", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496707, "title": "[Rehabilitation is crucial for severe COVID-19 survivors].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Gracio, Simone", "Kocer, Serdar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496707", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 survivors can have serious complications from this viral infection, particularly respiratory and cardiovascular with severe asthenia and fatigue. Several studies have already demonstrated the benefit of early rehabilitation after the acute phase, especially in patients who have been in intensive care. The authors present a rehabilitation program including interdisciplinary care with simple and reproducible clinical criteria."}, {"pmid": 32484511, "title": "Honey Bee Queen Production: Canadian Costing Case Study and Profitability Analysis.", "journal": "J Econ Entomol", "authors": ["Bixby, Miriam", "Hoover, Shelley E", "McCallum, Robyn", "Ibrahim, Abdullah", "Ovinge, Lynae", "Olmstead, Sawyer", "Pernal, Stephen F", "Zayed, Amro", "Foster, Leonard J", "Guarna, M Marta"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484511", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The decline in managed honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colony health worldwide has had a significant impact on the beekeeping industry. To mitigate colony losses, beekeepers in Canada and around the world introduce queens into replacement colonies; however, Canada's short queen rearing season has historically limited the production of early season queens. As a result, Canadian beekeepers rely on the importation of foreign bees, particularly queens from warmer climates. Importing a large proportion of (often mal-adapted) queens each year creates a dependency on foreign bee sources, putting beekeeping, and pollination sectors at risk in the event of border closures, transportation issues, and other restrictions as is currently happening due to the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic. Although traditional Canadian queen production is unable to fully meet early season demand, increasing domestic queen production to meet mid- and later season demand would reduce Canada's dependency. As well, on-going studies exploring the potential for overwintering queens in Canada may offer a strategy to have early season domestic queens available. Increasing the local supply of queens could provide Canadian beekeepers, farmers, and consumers with a greater level of agricultural stability and food security. Our study is the first rigorous analysis of the economic feasibility of queen production. We present the costs of queen production for three Canadian operations over two years. Our results show that it can be profitable for a beekeeping operation in Canada to produce queen cells and mated queens and could be one viable strategy to increase the sustainability of the beekeeping industry."}, {"pmid": 32454888, "pmcid": "PMC7235554", "title": "Potential therapeutic effect of Qingwen Baidu Decoction against Corona Virus Disease 2019: a mini review.", "journal": "Chin Med", "authors": ["Wen, Jianxia", "Wang, Ruilin", "Liu, Honghong", "Tong, Yuling", "Wei, Shizhang", "Zhou, Xuelin", "Li, Haotian", "Jing, Manyi", "Wang, Min", "Zhao, Yanling"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454888", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease. At present, COVID-19 has no specific therapeutic drugs, and the main clinical treatment is symptomatic treatment and control of complications. On March 5, 2020, the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China issued the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection (Trial Version 7), which integrated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) into the treatment of COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to summarize recent studies on the clinic application, pharmacological action, chemical substances and mechanism of Qingwen Baidu Decoction (QBD) on the treatment of various diseases. The results suggested that QBD has multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation, antiviral, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, antipyretic and so on. It has been used in the treatment of sepsis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, infantile pneumonia, sepsis-related encephalopathy, epidemic encephalitis B and other diseases. In addition, this study attempts to explore the possible mechanism of QBD in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Through the analysis of the chemical substances, pharmacological action and mechanism of QBD, this paper will provide a reference theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 by QBD."}, {"pmid": 32524848, "title": "Changes in Suicide and Resilience-related Google Searches during the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Sinyor, Mark", "Spittal, Matthew J", "Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524848", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292880, "pmcid": "PMC7149076", "title": "Progress and prospect on imaging diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Chin J Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Fan, Li", "Li, Dong", "Xue, Huadan", "Zhang, Longjiang", "Liu, Zaiyi", "Zhang, Bing", "Zhang, Lina", "Yang, Wenjie", "Xie, Baojun", "Duan, Xiaoyi", "Hu, Xiuhua", "Cheng, Kailiang", "Peng, Liqing", "Yu, Nan", "Song, Lan", "Chen, Huai", "Sui, Xin", "Zheng, Nannan", "Liu, Shiyuan", "Jin, Zhengyu"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292880", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become a public health emergency due to its rapid transmission. The appearance of pneumonia is one of the major clues for the diagnosis, progress and therapeutic evaluation. More and more literatures about imaging manifestations and related research have been reported. In order to know about the progress and prospective on imaging of COVID-19, this review focus on interpreting the CT findings, stating the potential pathological basis, proposing the challenge of patients with underlying diseases, differentiating with other diseases and suggesting the future research and clinical directions, which would be helpful for the radiologists in the clinical practice and research."}, {"pmid": 32227141, "pmcid": "PMC7133055", "title": "SARS-CoV-2-Positive Sputum and Feces After Conversion of Pharyngeal Samples in Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Chen, Chen", "Gao, Guiju", "Xu, Yanli", "Pu, Lin", "Wang, Qi", "Wang, Liming", "Wang, Wenling", "Song, Yangzi", "Chen, Meiling", "Wang, Linghang", "Yu, Fengting", "Yang, Siyuan", "Tang, Yunxia", "Zhao, Li", "Wang, Huijuan", "Wang, Yajie", "Zeng, Hui", "Zhang, Fujie"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227141", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423283, "pmcid": "PMC7240308", "title": "Cadaveric Simulation of Endoscopic Endonasal Procedures: Analysis of Droplet Splatter Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Sharma, Dhruv", "Rubel, Kolin E", "Ye, Michael J", "Shipchandler, Taha Z", "Wu, Arthur W", "Higgins, Thomas S", "Burgin, Sarah J", "Ting, Jonathan Y", "Illing, Elisa A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423283", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The primary mode of viral transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is thought to occur through the spread of respiratory droplets. The objective of this study was to investigate droplet and splatter patterns resulting from common endoscopic endonasal procedures. Cadaver simulation series. Dedicated surgical laboratory. After instilling cadaver head specimens (n = 2) with fluorescein solution, endoscopic endonasal procedures were systematically performed to evaluate the quantity, size, and distance of droplets and splatter following each experimental condition. There were no observable fluorescein droplets or splatter noted in the measured surgical field in any direction after nasal endoscopy, septoplasty with microdebrider-assisted turbinoplasty, cold-steel functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), and all experimental conditions using an ultrasonic aspirator. Limited droplet spread was noted with microdebrider FESS (2 droplets, <1 mm in size, within 10 cm), drilling of the sphenoid rostrum with a diamond burr (8, <1 mm, 12 cm), and drilling of the frontal beak with a cutting burr (5, <1 mm, 9 cm); however, the use of concurrent suction while drilling resulted in no droplets or splatter. The control condition of external activation of the drill resulted in gross contamination (11, 2 cm, 13 cm). Our results indicate that there is very little droplet generation from routine rhinologic procedures. The droplet generation from drilling was mitigated with the use of concurrent suction. Extreme caution should be used to avoid activating powered instrumentation outside of the nasal cavity, which was found to cause droplet contamination."}, {"pmid": 32387574, "pmcid": "PMC7204689", "title": "Caring for Bereaved Family Members During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Before and After the Death of a Patient.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Morris, Sue E", "Moment, Amanda", "Thomas, Jane deLima"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Bereavement care is considered an integral component of quality end-of-life care endorsed by the palliative care movement. However, few hospitals and health care institutions offer universal bereavement care to all families of patients who die. The current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has highlighted this gap and created a sense of urgency, from a public health perspective, for institutions to provide support to bereaved family members. In this article, drawing on the palliative care and bereavement literature, we offer suggestions about how to incorporate palliative care tools and psychological strategies into bereavement care for families during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32334915, "pmcid": "PMC7167556", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Update on the followed-up CT exam of the first CoVID-19 pneumonia in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Huang, Yung-Chia", "Hsieh, Chen-En", "Cheng, Chien-Yu", "Fan Chian, Yu-Long", "Lee, Shih-Wei"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334915", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242950, "pmcid": "PMC7228336", "title": "Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lagunas-Rangel, Francisco Alejandro"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242950", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32257150, "pmcid": "PMC7125421", "title": "A cascade of causes that led to the COVID-19 tragedy in Italy and in other European Union countries.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Rudan, Igor"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257150", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255535, "pmcid": "PMC7262197", "title": "ISUOG Safety Committee Position Statement on use of personal protective equipment and hazard mitigation in relation to SARS-CoV-2 for practitioners undertaking obstetric and gynecological ultrasound.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Abramowicz, J S", "Basseal, J M", "Brezinka, C", "Dall'Asta, A", "Deng, J", "Harrison, G", "Lee, J C S", "Lim, A", "Marsal, K", "Miloro, P", "Poon, L C", "Salvesen, K A", "Sande, R", "Ter Haar, G", "Westerway, S C", "Xie, M X", "Lees, C"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314811, "pmcid": "PMC7264530", "title": "Understanding evolution of SARS-CoV-2: A perspective from analysis of genetic diversity of RdRp gene.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kasibhatla, Sunitha M", "Kinikar, Meenal", "Limaye, Sanket", "Kale, Mohan M", "Kulkarni-Kale, Urmila"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314811", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 emerged as the first example of \"Disease X\", a hypothetical disease of humans caused by an unknown infectious agent that was named as novel coronavirus and subsequently designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The origin of the outbreak at the animal market in Wuhan, China implies it as a case of zoonotic spillover. The study was designed to understand evolution of Betacoronaviruses and in particular diversification of SARS-CoV-2 using RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, a stable genetic marker. Phylogenetic and population stratification analyses were carried out using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, respectively. Molecular phylogeny using RdRp showed that SARS-CoV-2 isolates cluster together. Bat-CoV isolate RaTG13 and Pangolin-CoVs are observed to branch off prior to SARS-CoV-2 cluster. While SARS-CoV form a single cluster, Bat-CoVs form multiple clusters. Population-based analyses revealed that both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV form separate clusters with no admixture. Bat-CoVs were found to have single and mixed ancestry and clustered as four sub-populations. Population-based analyses of Betacoronaviruses using RdRp revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is a homogeneous population. SARS-CoV-2 appears to have evolved from Bat-CoV isolate RaTG13, which diversified from a common ancestor from which Pangolin-CoVs have also evolved. The admixed Bat-CoV sub-populations indicate that bats serve as reservoirs harboring virus ensembles that are responsible for zoonotic spillovers such as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The extent of admixed isolates of Bat-CoVs observed in population diversification studies underline the need for periodic surveillance of bats and other animal reservoirs for potential spillovers as a measure towards preparedness for emergence of zoonosis."}, {"pmid": 32450058, "pmcid": "PMC7244424", "title": "Eosinophilic Panniculitis Associated With COVID-19.", "journal": "Actas Dermosifiliogr", "authors": ["Leis-Dosil, V M", "Saenz Vicente, A", "Lorido-Cortes, M M"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450058", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32256705, "pmcid": "PMC7105343", "title": "Associations between immune-suppressive and stimulating drugs and novel COVID-19-a systematic review of current evidence.", "journal": "Ecancermedicalscience", "authors": ["Russell, Beth", "Moss, Charlotte", "George, Gincy", "Santaolalla, Aida", "Cope, Andrew", "Papa, Sophie", "Van Hemelrijck, Mieke"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32256705", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cancer and transplant patients with COVID-19 have a higher risk of developing severe and even fatal respiratory diseases, especially as they may be treated with immune-suppressive or immune-stimulating drugs. This review focuses on the effects of these drugs on host immunity against COVID-19. Using Ovid MEDLINE, we reviewed current evidence for immune-suppressing or -stimulating drugs: cytotoxic chemotherapy, low-dose steroids, tumour necrosis factor\u03b1 (TNF\u03b1) blockers, interlukin-6 (IL-6) blockade, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, IL-1 blockade, mycophenolate, tacrolimus, anti-CD20 and CTLA4-Ig. 89 studies were included. Cytotoxic chemotherapy has been shown to be a specific inhibitor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in in vitro studies, but no specific studies exist as of yet for COVID-19. No conclusive evidence for or against the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of COVID-19 patients is available, nor is there evidence indicating that TNF\u03b1 blockade is harmful to patients in the context of COVID-19. COVID-19 has been observed to induce a pro-inflammatory cytokine generation and secretion of cytokines, such as IL-6, but there is no evidence of the beneficial impact of IL-6 inhibitors on the modulation of COVID-19. Although there are potential targets in the JAK-STAT pathway that can be manipulated in treatment for coronaviruses and it is evident that IL-1 is elevated in patients with a coronavirus, there is currently no evidence for a role of these drugs in treatment of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to challenging decision-making about treatment of critically unwell patients. Low-dose prednisolone and tacrolimus may have beneficial impacts on COVID-19. The mycophenolate mofetil picture is less clear, with conflicting data from pre-clinical studies. There is no definitive evidence that specific cytotoxic drugs, low-dose methotrexate for auto-immune disease, NSAIDs, JAK kinase inhibitors or anti-TNF\u03b1 agents are contraindicated. There is clear evidence that IL-6 peak levels are associated with severity of pulmonary complications."}, {"pmid": 32493110, "title": "COVID-19 and the release of mafia bosses: The importance of medico-legal evaluations.", "journal": "Med Sci Law", "authors": ["Cioffi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493110", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32178767, "pmcid": "PMC7195285", "title": "Did the hesitancy in declaring COVID-19 a pandemic reflect a need to redefine the term?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Green, Manfred S"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178767", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32088858, "pmcid": "PMC7093363", "title": "Puzzle of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "Protein Cell", "authors": ["Li, Jing", "Liu, Wenjun"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088858", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322398, "pmcid": "PMC7163302", "title": "COVID-19 and intracerebral haemorrhage: causative or coincidental?", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Sharifi-Razavi, A", "Karimi, N", "Rouhani, N"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322398", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumonia appears to be the most common manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but some extrapulmonary involvement, such as gastrointestinal, cardiac and renal, has been reported. The limited clinical data about the virus's behavior to date, especially extrapulmonary symptoms, suggest that we should be aware of the possibility of initial cerebrovascular manifestations of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32496254, "title": "Facemasks for prevention of viral respiratory infections in community settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Aggarwal, Nishant", "Dwarakanathan, Vignesh", "Gautam, Nitesh", "Ray, Animesh"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496254", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is paucity of evidence on the effectiveness of facemask use in COVID-19 in community settings. We aimed to estimate the effectiveness of facemask use alone or along with hand hygiene in community settings in reducing the transmission of viral respiratory illness. We searched PubMed and Embase for randomized controlled trials on facemask use in community settings to prevent viral respiratory illnesses published up to April 25, 2020. Two independent reviewers were involved in synthesis of data. Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were done in a standard format from the selected studies. Outcome data for clinically diagnosed or self-reported influenza-like illness (ILI) was recorded from individual studies. Pooled effect size was estimated by random-effects model for \"facemask only versus control\" and \"facemask plus hand hygiene versus control.\" Of the 465 studies from PubMed and 437 studies from Embase identified from our search, 9 studies were included in qualitative synthesis and 8 studies in quantitative synthesis. Risk of bias was assessed as low (n = 4), medium (n = 3), or high (n = 1) risk. Interventions included using a triple-layered mask alone or in combination with hand hygiene. Publication bias was not significant. There was no significant reduction in ILI either with facemask alone (n = 5, pooled effect size: -0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.43-0.10; P = 0.23; I2 = 10.9%) or facemask with handwash (n = 6, pooled effect size: (n=6, pooled effect size: -0.09; 95% CI: -0.58 to 0.40; P = 0.71, I2 = 69.4%). : Existing data pooled from randomized controlled trials do not reveal a reduction in occurrence of ILI with the use of facemask alone in community settings."}, {"pmid": 32501381, "pmcid": "PMC7151290", "title": "Identification of critical airports for controlling global infectious disease outbreaks: Stress-tests focusing in Europe.", "journal": "J Air Transp Manag", "authors": ["Nikolaou, Paraskevas", "Dimitriou, Loukas"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501381", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the global population increases and transportation connectivity improves in quality and prices, the demand for mobility increases, especially in long-haul services. According to the 2017 report of the European Commission in Mobility and Transport, the performance of all modes for passenger transport (roadways and airways) are reaching record highs. Although the benefits of the increased demand for mobility are substantial and welcome, an effort should be paid such as to ameliorate possible threatening side-effects that may also arise. As World Health Organization (WHO) denotes and as has been evident from the global COVID-19 epidemic outbreak, infectious diseases can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another under common exposure circumstances such as air transportation (especially long-haul airline connections) that may act as the medium for transmitting and spreading infectious diseases. In this paper, analytical and realistic models have been integrated, for providing evidence on the spread dynamics of infectious diseases that may face Europe through the airlines system. In particular, a detailed epidemiological model has been integrated with the airlines' and land transport network, able to simulate the epidemic spread of infectious diseases originated from distant locations. Additionally, a wide set of experiments and simulations have been conducted, providing results from detailed stress-tests covering both mild as well as aggressive cases of epidemic spreading scenarios. The results provide convincing evidence on the effectiveness that the European airports' system offer in controlling the emergence of epidemics, but also on the time and extent that controlling measures should be taken in order to break the chain of infections in realistic cases."}, {"pmid": 32401847, "title": "The Heart and COVID-19: What Cardiologists Need to Know.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Costa, Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva", "Bittar, Cristina Salvadori", "Rizk, Stephanie Itala", "Araujo Filho, Antonio Everaldo de", "Santos, Karen Alcantara Queiroz", "Machado, Theuran Inahja Vicente", "Andrade, Fernanda Thereza de Almeida", "Gonzalez, Thalita Barbosa", "Arevalo, Andrea Nataly Galarza", "Almeida, Juliano Pinheiro de", "Bacal, Fernando", "Oliveira, Glaucia Maria Moraes de", "Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius Guimaraes de", "Barberato, Silvio Henrique", "Chagas, Antonio Carlos Palandri", "Rochitte, Carlos Eduardo", "Ramires, Jose Antonio Franchini", "Kalil Filho, Roberto", "Hajjar, Ludhmila Abrahao"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401847", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In face of the pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the management of patients with cardiovascular risk factors and/or disease is challenging. The cardiovascular complications evidenced in patients with COVID-19 derive from several mechanisms, ranging from direct viral injury to complications secondary to the inflammatory and thrombotic responses to the infection. The proper care of patients with COVID-19 requires special attention to the cardiovascular system aimed at better outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32534320, "title": "Spatial analysis and GIS in the study of COVID-19. A review.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Franch-Pardo, Ivan", "Napoletano, Brian M", "Rosete-Verges, Fernando", "Billa, Lawal"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534320", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study entailed a review of 63 scientific articles on geospatial and spatial-statistical analysis of the geographical dimension of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The diversity of themes identified in this paper can be grouped into the following categories of disease mapping: spatiotemporal analysis, health and social geography, environmental variables, data mining, and web-based mapping. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of COVID-19 is essential for its mitigation, as it helps to clarify the extent and impact of the pandemic and can aid decision making, planning and community action. Health geography highlights the interaction of public health officials, affected actors and first responders to improve estimations of disease propagation and likelihoods of new outbreaks. Attempts at interdisciplinary correlation examine health policy interventions for the siting of health/sanitary services and controls, mapping/tracking of human movement, formulation of appropriate scientific and political responses and projection of spatial diffusion and temporal trends. This review concludes that, to fight COVID-19, it is important to face the challenges from an interdisciplinary perspective, with proactive planning, international solidarity and a global perspective. This review provides useful information and insight that can support future bibliographic queries, and also serves as a resource for understanding the evolution of tools used in the management of this major global pandemic of the 21 Century. It is hoped that its findings will inspire new reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic by readers."}, {"pmid": 32183357, "pmcid": "PMC7142866", "title": "2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Paving the Road for Rapid Detection and Point-of-Care Diagnostics.", "journal": "Micromachines (Basel)", "authors": ["Nguyen, Trieu", "Duong Bang, Dang", "Wolff, Anders"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183357", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We believe a point-of-care (PoC) device for the rapid detection of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial and urgently needed. With this perspective, we give suggestions regarding a potential candidate for the rapid detection of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as factors for the preparedness and response to the outbreak of the COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32524855, "title": "COVID-19 Strikes the Vulnerable.", "journal": "Hisp Health Care Int", "authors": ["Enriquez, Maithe"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524855", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426320, "pmcid": "PMC7204940", "title": "Coronavirus Disease-2019: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Health Care Workers at Makerere University Teaching Hospitals, Uganda.", "journal": "Front Public Health", "authors": ["Olum, Ronald", "Chekwech, Gaudencia", "Wekha, Godfrey", "Nassozi, Dianah Rhoda", "Bongomin, Felix"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426320", "countries": ["Uganda"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging public health problem threatening the life of over 2.4 million people globally. The present study sought to determine knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of health care workers (HCWs) toward COVID-19 in Makerere University Teaching Hospitals (MUTHs) in Uganda. Methods: An online cross sectional, descriptive study was undertaken through WhatsApp Messenger among HCWs in four MUTHs. HCWs aged 18 years and above constituted the study population. KAP toward COVID-19 was assessed by using a pre-validated questionnaire. Bloom's cut-off of 80% was used to determine sufficient knowledge (\u226580%), positive attitude (\u22654), and good practice (\u22652.4). All analyses were performed using STATA 15.1 and GraphPad Prism 8.3. Results: Of the 581 HCWs approached, 136 (23%) responded. A vast majority of the participants were male (n = 87, n = 64%), with a median age of 32 (range: 20-66) years. Eighty-four (62%) were medical doctors and 125 (92%) had at least a bachelor's degree. Overall, 69% (n = 94) had sufficient knowledge, 21% (n = 29) had positive attitude, and 74% (n = 101) had good practices toward COVID-19. Factors associated with knowledge were age >40 years (aOR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-1.0; p = 0.047) and news media (aOR: 4.8; 95% CI: 1.4-17.0; p = 0.015). Factors associated with good practices were age 40 years or more (aOR: 48.4; 95% CI: 3.1-742.9; p = 0.005) and holding a diploma (aOR: 18.4; 95% CI: 1-322.9; p = 0.046). Conclusions: Continued professional education is advised among HCWs in Uganda to improve knowledge of HCWs hence averting negative attitudes and promoting positive preventive and therapeutic practices. We recommend follow up studies involving teaching and non-teaching hospitals across the country."}, {"pmid": 32372664, "pmcid": "PMC7218351", "title": "Mexico: Lessons learned from the 2009 pandemic that help us fight COVID-19.", "journal": "Healthc Manage Forum", "authors": ["Hernandez-Avila, Mauricio", "Alpuche-Aranda, Celia M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372664", "countries": ["United States", "Mexico", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In April 2009, Mexican, American, and Canadian authorities announced a novel influenza that became the first pandemic of the century. We report on lessons learned in Mexico. The Mexican Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Plan, developed and implemented since 2005, was a decisive element for the early response. Major lessons-learned were the need for flexible plans that consider different scenarios; the need to continuously strengthen routine surveillance programs and laboratory capacity and strengthen coordination between epidemiological departments, clinicians, and laboratories; maintain strategic stockpiles; establish a fund for public health emergencies; and collaboration among neighboring countries. Mexico responded with immediate reporting and transparency, implemented aggressive control measures and generous sharing of data and samples. Lessons learned induced changes leading to a better response to public health critical events."}, {"pmid": 32475033, "title": "Management of breast cancer during COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco.", "journal": "Breast J", "authors": ["Ismaili, Nabil", "El Majjaoui, Sanaa"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475033", "countries": ["Morocco"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330287, "title": "A systematic scoping review of COVID-19 during pregnancy and childbirth.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Elshafeey, Farida", "Magdi, Rana", "Hindi, Nader", "Elshebiny, Mohamed", "Farrag, Nourhan", "Mahdy, Shahd", "Sabbour, Mohamed", "Gebril, Sara", "Nasser, Mohamed", "Kamel, Menna", "Amir, Abdelrahman", "Maher Emara, Moataz", "Nabhan, Ashraf"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330287", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical presentation and outcomes of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy remain limited and fragmented. To summarize the existing literature on COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and childbirth, particularly concerning clinical presentation and outcomes. A systematic search of LitCovid, EBSCO MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases. The references of relevant studies were also searched. Identified titles and abstracts were screened to select original reports and cross-checked for overlap of cases. A descriptive summary organized by aspects of clinical presentations (symptoms, imaging, and laboratory) and outcomes (maternal and perinatal). We identified 33 studies reporting 385 pregnant women with COVID-19 infection: 368 (95.6%) mild; 14 (3.6%) severe; and 3 (0.8%) critical. Seventeen women were admitted to intensive care, including six who were mechanically ventilated and one maternal mortality. A total of 252 women gave birth, comprising 175 (69.4%) cesarean and 77 (30.6%) vaginal births. Outcomes for 256 newborns included four RT-PCR positive neonates, two stillbirths, and one neonatal death. COVID-19 infection during pregnancy probably has a clinical presentation and severity resembling that in non-pregnant adults. It is probably not associated with poor maternal or perinatal outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32298968, "pmcid": "PMC7139245", "title": "COVID-19 in People with Mental Illness: Challenges and Vulnerabilities.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Kavoor, Anjana Rao"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298968", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362649, "title": "First isolation of SARS-CoV-2 from clinical samples in India.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Sarkale, Prasad", "Patil, Savita", "Yadav, Pragya D", "Nyayanit, Dimpal A", "Sapkal, Gajanan", "Baradkar, Shrikant", "Lakra, Rajen", "Shete-Aich, Anita", "Prasad, Sharda", "Basu, Atanu", "Dar, Lalit", "Vipat, Veena", "Giri, Sidhartha", "Potdar, Varsha", "Choudhary, Manohar Lal", "Praharaj, Ira", "Jain, Amita", "Malhotra, Bharati", "Gawande, Pranita", "Kalele, Kaumudi", "Gupta, Nivedita", "Cherian, Sarah S", "Abraham, Priya"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362649", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468858, "title": "COVID-19, Type 1 Diabetes Clinical Practice, Research, and Remote Medical Care: A View From the Land Down-Under.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Venkatesh, Nisha", "Paldus, Barbora", "Lee, Melissa H", "MacIsaac, Richard J", "Jenkins, Alicia J", "O'Neal, David N"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468858", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226003, "title": "COVID-19: The outbreak caused by a new coronavirus.", "journal": "Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex", "authors": ["Sifuentes-Rodriguez, Erika", "Palacios-Reyes, Deborah"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226003", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Before the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in 2003, coronaviruses (CoVs) were not considered to be highly pathogenic to humans. However, it was this epidemic that highlighted this group of viruses and included them among the causative agents of emerging epidemic diseases. In addition, in 2012, another new CoV responsible for the Middle East respiratory syndrome was identified. Both infections were considered a threat to global health security. At present, the third epidemic caused by a CoV is being faced. This new CoV, called 2019-nCoV, was originated in the city of Wuhan, China, and has been linked to severe respiratory infections in humans. Thanks to the collaboration of experts worldwide, more information about this virus and its infection is reported each day, which allows modifying the recommendations for its prevention and treatment, without forgetting that the ultimate goal is to control this epidemic. In this review, the important aspects of this new coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, and its disease, COVID-19, have been summarized with the information available up to February 2020."}, {"pmid": 32353266, "pmcid": "PMC7185925", "title": "Mental health services in Italy during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["D'Agostino, Armando", "Demartini, Benedetta", "Cavallotti, Simone", "Gambini, Orsola"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353266", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468329, "pmcid": "PMC7254973", "title": "Impact of Potential Physiological Changes due to COVID-19 Home Confinement on Athlete Health Protection in Elite Sports: a Call for Awareness in Sports Programming.", "journal": "Sports Med", "authors": ["Sarto, F", "Impellizzeri, F M", "Sporri, J", "Porcelli, S", "Olmo, J", "Requena, B", "Suarez-Arrones, L", "Arundale, A", "Bilsborough, J", "Buchheit, M", "Clubb, J", "Coutts, A", "Nabhan, D", "Torres-Ronda, L", "Mendez-Villanueva, A", "Mujika, I", "Maffiuletti, N A", "Franchi, M V"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404667, "title": "Comment on \"Managing COVID-19 in Surgical Systems\": An Opportunity for Global Surgery to Advance Global Health.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Rose, John", "Long, Chao", "Meara, John G"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404667", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303110, "title": "Addressing mental health care for the bereaved during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Sun, Yankun", "Bao, Yanping", "Lu, Lin"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303110", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500841, "title": "COVID-19 and the Digital Divide: Will Social Workers Help Bridge the Gap?", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Gibson, Allison", "Bardach, Shoshana H", "Pope, Natalie D"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500841", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380029, "pmcid": "PMC7198416", "title": "The challenge of laypeople cardio-pulmonary resuscitation training during and after COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Baldi, Enrico", "Contri, Enrico", "Savastano, Simone", "Cortegiani, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380029", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220277, "pmcid": "PMC7146683", "title": "National UK programme of community health workers for COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Haines, Andy", "de Barros, Enrique Falceto", "Berlin, Anita", "Heymann, David L", "Harris, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220277", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420613, "title": "Atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Weinberg, Samuel E", "Behdad, Amir", "Ji, Peng"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420613", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268135, "pmcid": "PMC7130800", "title": "Gastrointestinal endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic: an updated review of guidelines and statements from international and national societies.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Castro Filho, Elio C", "Castro, Rodolfo", "Fernandes, Flavia F", "Pereira, Gustavo", "Perazzo, Hugo"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268135", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363987, "title": "Pandemics, panic and prevention: Stages in the life of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Ventriglio, Antonio", "Watson, Cameron", "Bhugra, Dinesh"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363987", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367205, "pmcid": "PMC7197630", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Zanin, Luca", "Saraceno, Giorgio", "Panciani, Pier Paolo", "Renisi, Giulia", "Signorini, Liana", "Migliorati, Karol", "Fontanella, Marco Maria"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367205", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 can attack the central nervous system in the early stages of infection. Headache, anosmia, and dysgeusia are common symptoms. Disturbance of consciousness and seizures can occur as complications in case of severe COVID-19. We described the case of a COVID-19 patient admitted for interstitial pneumonia and seizures. MRI showed newly diagnosed demyelinating lesions. High-dose steroid treatment allowed neurological and respiratory recovery. We speculated a delayed immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2. The virus may lead to a SIRS-like immune disorder or play a role of infective trigger. Prompt invasive treatment should be adopted to avoid hypoxic neurotoxicity and prevent CNS injuries."}, {"pmid": 32389782, "pmcid": "PMC7205641", "title": "Acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Ng, Jun Jie", "Luo, Yang", "Phua, Kaiyi", "Choong, Andrew M T L"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389782", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337742, "pmcid": "PMC7267404", "title": "Online team-based learning sessions as interactive methodologies during the pandemic.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Gaber, Dalia A", "Shehata, Mohamed Hany", "Amin, Hebat Allah A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337742", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352915, "title": "Strategies for radiology departments in handling the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Ashari, Muhammad Aminuddin", "Zainal, Isa Azzaki", "Zaki, Faizah Mohd"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352915", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is facing an unprecedented global pandemic in the form of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has ravaged all aspects of life, especially health systems. Radiology services, in particular, are under threat of being overwhelmed by the sheer number of patients affected, unless drastic efforts are taken to contain and mitigate the spread of the virus. Proactive measures, therefore, must be taken to ensure the continuation of diagnostic and interventional support to clinicians, while minimizing the risk of nosocomial transmission among staff and other patients. This article aims to highlight several strategies to improve preparedness, readiness and response towards this pandemic, specific to the radiology department."}, {"pmid": 32123986, "pmcid": "PMC7080018", "title": "Imaging changes of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in advanced stage.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32123986", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527794, "title": "Too slow and fundamentally flawed: why test and trace is a weak and inequitable defence against covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Vize, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527794", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329897, "pmcid": "PMC7264591", "title": "Chilblain-like lesions on feet and hands during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Landa, Nerea", "Mendieta-Eckert, Marta", "Fonda-Pascual, Pablo", "Aguirre, Teresa"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329897", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468623, "title": "Which medical specialties should be prioritised to fill staffing gaps caused by COVID-19 in the United Kingdom? A network analysis.", "journal": "Int J Health Plann Manage", "authors": ["Sharp, Elliott", "Cole, Liam", "Clementi, Rebecca", "Curlewis, Keegan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468623", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283270, "pmcid": "PMC7151452", "title": "Surgeons, Ethics, and COVID-19: Early Lessons Learned.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Angelos, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283270", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304638, "pmcid": "PMC7159861", "title": "Enteric involvement in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 outside Wuhan.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Wan, Yunle", "Li, Jie", "Shen, Lihan", "Zou, Yifeng", "Hou, Linlin", "Zhu, Lixin", "Faden, Howard S", "Tang, Zhipeng", "Shi, Mang", "Jiao, Na", "Li, Yichen", "Cheng, Sijing", "Huang, Yibo", "Wu, Dingfeng", "Xu, Zhifeng", "Pan, Linnuo", "Zhu, Jun", "Yan, Guangjun", "Zhu, Ruixin", "Lan, Ping"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304638", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468509, "pmcid": "PMC7255970", "title": "Providing evidence on the ongoing health care workers' mask debate.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Tsilingiris, Dimitrios", "Papatheodoridi, Margarita", "Kapelios, Chris J"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468509", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The scarcity of facemasks, particularly N95 respirators, combined with the lack of solid data to address the suitability of each mask type for adequate health care worker (HCW) protection have caused turmoil among HCWs. Current recommendations suggest mask usage solely during HCW contact with Covid-19 patients, namely plain medical mask for low-risk contacts and N95 for aerosol generating procedures. The distinction regarding the escalation of mask complexity depending on contact type is nevertheless based on plausible theoretical assumptions rather than hard evidence of a clear benefit. Conversely, we suggest that at least a plain mask should be used during all HCWs' contacts in healthcare facilities which constitute a highly probable but often overlooked means of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among HCWs."}, {"pmid": 32515209, "title": "Nurses' Mental Health and Well-Being: COVID-19 Impacts.", "journal": "Can J Nurs Res", "authors": ["Stelnicki, Andrea M", "Carleton, R Nicholas", "Reichert, Carol"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515209", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The editorial will introduce a special section on nurses' mental health and well-being that will showcase results from a groundbreaking pan-Canadian study of nurses' occupational stress. The article series highlights research efforts toward better supporting nurses' mental health. In this editorial, we discuss the importance of this research in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. We review the current stressors faced by nurses and anticipate how nurses' mental health and well-being will be impacted by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32440661, "pmcid": "PMC7212072", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Infection in Newborns and Pediatrics: A Systematic Review.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Panahi, Latif", "Amiri, Marzieh", "Pouy, Somaye"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440661", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a pandemic and a global health emergency. Thus, it is necessary to clearly characterize clinical manifestations and management of COVID-19 infection in children to provide accurate information for healthcare workers. Accordingly, the present study was designed to review articles published on clinical manifestations and characteristics of children and infants with COVID-19. In this systematic review, medical databases including Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, SID, Medline, WHO and LitCovid were searched using English and Persian keywords including COVID-19, Pediatrics, Newborn, Coronavirus 2019, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2. Finally, data of 14 related articles were included in the study. A total of 2228 children, newborns and infants were studied. Clinical manifestation in children may be mild (72%), moderate (22%) or severe (6%), and the most common symptoms include dry cough (91%) and fever (96%). According to the included articles, two children had died, one of which was a 14-year-old boy and his exposure history and underlying disease were unclear, and the other was a male newborn with gestational age of 35 weeks and 5 days, birth weight of 2200, Apgar score of 8, 8 (1 min and 5 min) and his first symptom was increased heart rate. No differences were found between male and female children regarding infection with COVID-19. Most pediatrics were infected with COVID-19 due to family cluster or history of close contact. Infected children have relatively milder clinical symptoms compared to infected adults. We should pay special attention to early diagnosis and early treatment in children infected with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32516462, "title": "Anti-A Isohemagglutinin titers and SARS-CoV2 neutralization: implications for children and convalescent plasma selection.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Daniele, Focosi"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516462", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I read with interest the recent article by Li et al (1) detailing the risk for COVID-19 pneumonia and ABO blood group. After demonstration that group O healthcare workers were less likely to become infected with SARS-CoV (2), a research group proved that anti-A blood group natural isoagglutinins inhibit SARS-CoV entry into competent cells (3) and could opsonize viral particles leading to complement-mediated neutralization (4). Since SARS-CoV2 uses the same receptor as SARS-CoV, anti-A isoagglutinins are expected to have similar effects against SARS-CoV2: accordingly, clusters of glycosylation sites exist proximal to the receptor-binding motif of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 S protein (5)."}, {"pmid": 32332019, "title": "Covid-19: Trust withdraws guidance that doctors need not put \"covid-19\" on death certificates.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332019", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343358, "title": "Immunoglobulins or convalescent plasma to tackle COVID-19: buying time to save lives - current situation and perspectives.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Tamburello, Adriana", "Marando, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343358", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32194236, "pmcid": "PMC7270613", "title": "Could enhanced influenza and pneumococcal vaccination programs help limit the potential damage from SARS-CoV-2 to fragile health systems of southern hemisphere countries this winter?", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mendelson, Marc"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194236", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433119, "title": "Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Time of Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Tor, Phern Chern", "Phu, Adeline H H", "Koh, Doris S H", "Mok, Yee Ming"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324367, "title": "Intrahospital resuscitation of COVID-19 patients", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Laszlo, Istvan", "Molnar, Csilla", "Koszta, Gyorgy", "Vegh, Tamas", "Fabian, Akos", "Berhes, Mariann", "Juhasz, Marianna", "Fulesdi, Bela"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324367", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic is a serious challenge for healthcare workers worldwide. The virus is spread through the air by droplets of moisture when people cough or sneeze and it has a very high virulence. Procedures generating airway aerosols are dangerous for every participant of patient care. Mortality of COVID-19 is above 10%, thus cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an often needed intervention in this patient group. Resuscitation is an aerosol-generating process and thus carries the risk of contamination. The goal of this article is to give a practice-based overview of the specialities of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in coronavirus-infected patients. Orv Hetil. 2020. 161(17): 710\u2013712."}, {"pmid": 32217534, "title": "Covid-19: India imposes lockdown for 21 days and cases rise.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Pulla, Priyanka"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217534", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462267, "pmcid": "PMC7252421", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its implications for cardiovascular care: expert document from the German Cardiac Society and the World Heart Federation.", "journal": "Clin Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Bohm, Michael", "Frey, Norbert", "Giannitsis, Evangelos", "Sliwa, Karen", "Zeiher, Andreas M"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462267", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic affecting people at high risk and particularly at advanced age, cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. As cardiovascular patients are at high risk but also have dyspnea and fatigue as leading symptoms, prevention, diagnostics and treatment in these patients are important to provide adequate care for those with or without COVID-19 but most importantly when comorbid cardiovascular conditions are present. Severe COVID-19 with acute respiratory distress (ARDS) is challenging as patients with elevated myocardial markers such as troponin are at enhanced high risk for fatal outcomes. As angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is regarded as the viral receptor for cell entry and as the Coronavirus is downregulating this enzyme, which provides cardiovascular and pulmonary protection, there is ongoing discussions on whether treatment with cardiovascular drugs, which upregulate the viral receptor ACE2 should be modified. As most of the COVID-19 patients have cardiovascular comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease and heart failure, which imposes a high risk on these patients, cardiovascular therapy should not be modified or even withdrawn. As cardiac injury is a common feature of COVID-19 associated ARDS and is linked with poor outcomes, swift diagnostic management and specialist care of cardiovascular patients in the area of COVID-19 is of particular importance and deserves special attention."}, {"pmid": 32250049, "pmcid": "PMC7228323", "title": "COVID-19 infection in a paucisymptomatic infant: Raising the index of suspicion in epidemic settings.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Canarutto, Daniele", "Priolo, Alessio", "Russo, Gianni", "Pitea, Marco", "Vigone, Maria Cristina", "Barera, Graziano"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250049", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few children have been reported to have been affected by novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); it is unclear whether children are less likely to be infected or rather display fewer symptoms. We present the case of a 32-day-old boy infected by COVID-19 that presented with an upper air way infection which resolved spontaneously and did not require any therapy. We argue that in epidemic settings children presenting with any mild symptom potentially attributable to COVID-19 should be considered contagious until proven otherwise, and that management must be guided by clinical conditions."}, {"pmid": 32442956, "title": "[Effect of an intervention on social networks in the time of COVID-19].", "journal": "Medicina (B Aires)", "authors": ["Fitz Maurice, Mario", "Di Tommaso, Fernando", "Baranchuk, Adrian"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442956", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217658, "pmcid": "PMC7098484", "title": "Strategies for the prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Guan, Wei-Jie", "Chen, Rong-Chang", "Zhong, Nan-Shan"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217658", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404170, "pmcid": "PMC7218705", "title": "COVID-19 and assisted reproductive technology services: repercussions for patients and proposal for individualized clinical management.", "journal": "Reprod Biol Endocrinol", "authors": ["Alviggi, Carlo", "Esteves, Sandro C", "Orvieto, Raoul", "Conforti, Alessandro", "La Marca, Antonio", "Fischer, Robert", "Andersen, Claus Y", "Buhler, Klaus", "Sunkara, Sesh K", "Polyzos, Nikolaos P", "Strina, Ida", "Carbone, Luigi", "Bento, Fabiola C", "Galliano, Daniela", "Yarali, Hakan", "Vuong, Lan N", "Grynberg, Michael", "Drakopoulos, Panagiotis", "Xavier, Pedro", "Llacer, Joaquin", "Neuspiller, Fernando", "Horton, Marcos", "Roque, Matheus", "Papanikolaou, Evangelos", "Banker, Manish", "Dahan, Michael H", "Foong, Shu", "Tournaye, Herman", "Blockeel, Christophe", "Vaiarelli, Alberto", "Humaidan, Peter", "Ubaldi, Filippo M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404170", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The prolonged lockdown of health services providing high-complexity fertility treatments -as currently recommended by many reproductive medicine entities- is detrimental for society as a whole, and infertility patients in particular. Globally, approximately 0.3% of all infants born every year are conceived using assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments. By contrast, the total number of COVID-19 deaths reported so far represents approximately 1.0% of the total deaths expected to occur worldwide over the first three months of the current year. It seems, therefore, that the number of infants expected to be conceived and born -but who will not be so due to the lockdown of infertility services- might be as significant as the total number of deaths attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic. We herein propose remedies that include a prognostic-stratification of more vulnerable infertility cases in order to plan a progressive restart of worldwide fertility treatments. At a time when preventing complications and limiting burdens for national health systems represent relevant issues, our viewpoint might help competent authorities and health care providers to identify patients who should be prioritized for the continuation of fertility care in a safe environment."}, {"pmid": 32434611, "title": "The need for Early Intervention for Psychosis to persist throughout the covid-19 pandemic and beyond.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["O'Donoghue, Brian", "O'Connor, Karen", "Thompson, Andrew", "McGorry, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434611", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the last three decades, Early Intervention for psychosis services have been established worldwide and have resulted in superior symptomatic and functional outcomes for people affected by psychotic disorders. These improved outcomes are a result of reducing delays to treatment and the provision of specialized, holistic interventions. The covid-19 pandemic poses significant challenges to the delivery of these services, such as undetected cases or long delays to treatment. Furthermore, the covid-19 pandemic will likely increase the mental health needs of communities, including the incidence of psychotic disorders. In this perspective piece, we provide suggestions as to how early intervention for psychosis services can adapt within this environment, such as utilizing novel technologies. Finally, we argue that despite the economic consequences of the pandemic, the funding for mental health services, including early intervention services, should be increased in line with the need for these services during and beyond the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32383833, "title": "Polish Archives of Internal Medicine in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Undas, Anetta", "Gajos, Grzegorz"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383833", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464624, "title": "Cytokine Blood Filtration Responses in COVID-19.", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Al Shareef, Khaled", "Bakouri, Mohsen"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464624", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The real issue with the COVID-19 pandemic is that a rapidly increasing number of patients with life-threatening complications are admitted in hospitals and are not well-administered. Although a limited number of patients use the intensive care unit (ICU), they consume medical resources, safety equipment, and enormous equipment with little possibility of rapid recovery and ICU discharge. This work reviews effective methods of using filtration devices in treatment to reduce the level of various inflammatory mediators and discharge patients from the ICU faster. Extracorporeal technologies have been reviewed as a medical approach to absorb cytokines. Although these devices do not kill or remove the virus, they are a promising solution for treating patients and their faster removal from the ICU, thus relieving the bottleneck."}, {"pmid": 32224550, "pmcid": "PMC7260015", "title": "COVID-19 threatens health systems in sub-Saharan Africa: the eye of the crocodile.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Paintsil, Elijah"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224550", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402184, "title": "Audio Interview: Finding Reliable Information about Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402184", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382259, "pmcid": "PMC7201058", "title": "Recommendations for a safety dental care management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Panam Salud Publica", "authors": ["Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo", "de Gois-Santos, Vanessa Tavares", "Tavares, Carolina Santos Souza", "de Melo, Elisama Gomes Magalhaes", "do Nascimento-Junior, Edmundo Marques", "Santos, Victor Santana"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382259", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted mainly through droplets, sneezes and aerosols, there is a high risk of transmission during dental procedures. This report describes measures that can be adopted by oral healthcare personnel to minimize the risk of cross-contamination in clinical practice during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32289821, "pmcid": "PMC7184484", "title": "Extreme genomic CpG deficiency in SARS-CoV-2 and evasion of host antiviral defense.", "journal": "Mol Biol Evol", "authors": ["Xia, Xuhua"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289821", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Wild mammalian species, including bats, constitute the natural reservoir of Betacoronavirus (including SARS, MERS, and the deadly SARS-CoV-2). Different hosts or host tissues provide different cellular environments, especially different antiviral and RNA modification activities that can alter RNA modification signatures observed in the viral RNA genome. The zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) binds specifically to CpG dinucleotides and recruits other proteins to degrade a variety of viral RNA genomes. Many mammalian RNA viruses have evolved CpG deficiency. Increasing CpG dinucleotides in these low-CpG viral genomes in the presence of ZAP consistently leads to decreased viral replication and virulence. Because ZAP exhibits tissue-specific expression, viruses infecting different tissues are expected to have different CpG signatures, suggesting a means to identify viral tissue-switching events. I show that SARS-CoV-2 has the most extreme CpG deficiency in all known Betacoronavirus genomes. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may have evolved in a new host (or new host tissue) with high ZAP expression. A survey of CpG deficiency in viral genomes identified a virulent canine coronavirus (Alphacoronavirus) as possessing the most extreme CpG deficiency, comparable to that observed in SARS-CoV-2. This suggests that the canine tissue infected by the canine coronavirus may provide a cellular environment strongly selecting against CpG. Thus, viral surveys focused on decreasing CpG in viral RNA genomes may provide important clues about the selective environments and viral defenses in the original hosts."}, {"pmid": 32494546, "pmcid": "PMC7263008", "title": "Vaccines and Drug Therapeutics to Lock Down Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Bhagavathula, Akshaya S", "Aldhaleei, Wafa A", "Rovetta, Alessandro", "Rahmani, Jamal"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494546", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been responsible for millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths. To date, there is no approved targeted treatment, and many investigational therapeutic agents and vaccine candidates are being considered for the treatment of COVID-19. To extract and summarize information on potential vaccines and therapeutic agents against COVID-19 at different stages of clinical trials from January to March 2020, we reviewed major clinical trial databases such as ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and other primary registries between January and March 15, 2020. Interventional studies at different phases under the COVID-19 pipeline were included.\u00a0A total of 249 clinical trials were identified between January to March\u00a015, 2020. After filtering observational studies (194 studies), a total of 56 interventional trials were considered. The majority of clinical trials have been conducted on chloroquine (n=10) and traditional Chinese medications (TCMs; n=10), followed by antivirals (n=8), anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressants (n=9), cellular therapies (n=4), combinations of different antivirals therapies (n=3), antibacterial (n=1),\u00a0and other therapies (n=5). Five vaccines are under phase I, and there are a couple of phase III trials on the\u00a0Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccine under investigation among healthcare workers. Many novel compounds and vaccines against COVID-19 are currently under investigation. Some candidates have been tested for other viral infections and are listed for clinical trials against the COVID-19 pipeline. Currently, there are no effective specific antivirals or drug combinations available for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32438792, "title": "Sport stadium as spreading source of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Sports Med Phys Fitness", "authors": ["Sookaromdee, Pathum", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352911, "title": "COVID-19 reveals weak health systems by design: Why we must re-make global health in this historic moment.", "journal": "Glob Public Health", "authors": ["Shamasunder, Sriram", "Holmes, Seth M", "Goronga, Tinashe", "Carrasco, Hector", "Katz, Elyse", "Frankfurter, Raphael", "Keshavjee, Salmaan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the critical need to reimagine and repair the broken systems of global health. Specifically, the pandemic demonstrates the hollowness of the global health rhetoric of equity, the weaknesses of a health security-driven global health agenda, and the negative health impacts of power differentials not only globally, but also regionally and locally. This article analyses the effects of these inequities and calls on governments, multilateral agencies, universities, and NGOs to engage in true collaboration and partnership in this historic moment. Before this pandemic spreads further - including in the Global South - with potentially extreme impact, we must work together to rectify the field and practice of global health."}, {"pmid": 32379329, "pmcid": "PMC7206502", "title": "Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men With Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Li, Diangeng", "Jin, Meiling", "Bao, Pengtao", "Zhao, Weiguo", "Zhang, Shixi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379329", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348740, "pmcid": "PMC7164872", "title": "Italian Radiology's Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Laghi, Andrea", "Grassi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348740", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404331, "title": "COVID-19 and Kawasaki Disease: Finding the Signal in the Noise.", "journal": "Hosp Pediatr", "authors": ["Schroeder, Alan R", "Wilson, Karen M", "Ralston, Shawn L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404331", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497212, "title": "The natural history and transmission potential of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh", "Thanh Lam, Vo", "Thanh Dung, Nguyen", "Yen, Lam Minh", "Minh, Ngo Ngoc Quang", "Hung, Le Manh", "Ngoc, Nghiem My", "Dung, Nguyen Tri", "Man, Dinh Nguyen Huy", "Nguyet, Lam Anh", "Nhat, Le Thanh Hoang", "Nhu, Le Nguyen Truc", "Ny, Nguyen Thi Han", "Hong, Nguyen Thi Thu", "Kestelyn, Evelyne", "Dung, Nguyen Thi Phuong", "Xuan, Tran Chanh", "Hien, Tran Tinh", "Thanh Phong, Nguyen", "Tu, Tran Nguyen Hoang", "Geskus, Ronald B", "Thanh, Tran Tan", "Thanh Truong, Nguyen", "Binh, Nguyen Tan", "Thuong, Tang Chi", "Thwaites, Guy", "Tan, Le Van"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497212", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is known about the natural history of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection or its contribution to infection transmission. We conducted a prospective study at a quarantine center for COVID-19 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. We enrolled quarantined people with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, collecting clinical data, travel and contact history, and saliva at enrolment and daily nasopharyngeal throat swabs (NTS) for RT-PCR testing. We compared the natural history and transmission potential of asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. Between March 10th and April 4th, 2020, 14,000 quarantined people were tested for SARS-CoV-2; 49 were positive. Of these, 30 participated in the study: 13(43%) never had symptoms and 17(57%) were symptomatic. 17(57%) participants acquired their infection outside Vietnam. Compared with symptomatic individuals, asymptomatic people were less likely to have detectable SARS-CoV-2 in NTS samples collected at enrolment (8/13 (62%) vs. 17/17 (100%) P=0.02). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 20/27 (74%) available saliva; 7/11 (64%) in the asymptomatic and 13/16 (81%) in the symptomatic group (P=0.56). Analysis of the probability of RT-PCR positivity showed asymptomatic participants had faster viral clearance than symptomatic participants (P<0.001 for difference over first 19 days). This difference was most pronounced during the first week of follow-up. Two of the asymptomatic individuals appeared to transmit the infection to up to four contacts. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is common and can be detected by analysis of saliva or NTS. NTS viral loads fall faster in asymptomatic individuals, but they appear able to transmit the virus to others."}, {"pmid": 32513214, "title": "Peritoneal dialysis for COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Nagatomo, Mika", "Yamada, Hiroyuki", "Shinozuka, Ken", "Shimoto, Manabu", "Yunoki, Tomoyuki", "Ohtsuru, Shigeru"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513214", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387502, "pmcid": "PMC7199682", "title": "Reduced Physical Activity During COVID-19 Pandemic in Children With Congenital Heart Disease.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Hemphill, Nicole M", "Kuan, Mimi T Y", "Harris, Kevin C"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387502", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for both COVID-19 and secondary cardiovascular outcomes. Their increased cardiovascular risk may be mitigated through physical activity, but public health measures implemented for COVID-19 can make physical activity challenging. We objectively measured the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity, continuously measured by Fitbit step counts, in children with CHD. Step counts were markedly lower in late March and early April 2020, compared with 2019 and early March 2020. It is vital to understand how precautions for COVID-19 will affect the health of children with CHD, especially if they persist long term."}, {"pmid": 32466738, "title": "Break in the Stroke Chain of Survival Due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Montaner, Joan", "Barragan-Prieto, Ana", "Perez-Sanchez, Soledad", "Escudero-Martinez, Irene", "Moniche, Francisco", "Sanchez-Miura, Jose Antonio", "Ruiz-Bayo, Lidia", "Gonzalez, Alejandro"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466738", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergency measures to treat patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and contain the outbreak is the main priority in each of our hospitals; however, these measures are likely to result in collateral damage among patients with other acute diseases. Here, we investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic affects acute stroke care through interruptions in the stroke chain of survival. A descriptive analysis of acute stroke care activity before and after the COVID-19 outbreak is given for a stroke network in southern Europe. To quantify the impact of the pandemic, the number of stroke code activations, ambulance transfers, consultations through telestroke, stroke unit admissions, and reperfusion therapy times and rates are described in temporal relationship with the rising number of COVID-19 cases in the region. Following confinement of the population, our stroke unit activity decreased sharply, with a 25% reduction in admitted cases (mean number of 58 cases every 15 days in previous months to 44 cases in the 15 days after the outbreak, P<0.001). Consultations to the telestroke network declined from 25 every 15 days before the outbreak to 7 after the outbreak (P<0.001). The increasing trend in the prehospital diagnosis of stroke activated by 911 calls stopped abruptly in the region, regressing to 2019 levels. The mean number of stroke codes dispatched to hospitals decreased (78% versus 57%, P<0.001). Time of arrival from symptoms onset to stroke units was delayed >30 minutes, reperfusion therapy cases fell, and door-to-needle time started 16 minutes later than usual. The COVID-19 pandemic is disruptive for acute stroke pathways. Bottlenecks in the access and delivery of patients to our secured stroke centers are among the main challenges. It is critical to encourage patients to continue seeking emergency care if experiencing acute stroke symptoms and to ensure that emergency professionals continue to use stroke code activation and telestroke networks."}, {"pmid": 32317434, "title": "Effect of COVID-19 related lockdown on ophthalmic practice and patient care in India: Results of a survey.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Nair, Akshay Gopinathan", "Gandhi, Rashmin A", "Natarajan, Sundaram"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317434", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the disease COVID-19, caused by a new variant of coronavirus 2019-nCoV as a global pandemic. The government of India ordered a nationwide lockdown for 21 days, limiting movement of people as a preventive measure. This survey was designed and conducted during the lockdown period to assess its effect on ophthalmic practice and patient care in India. An online survey was sent across to practicing Indian ophthalmologists across through various social media platforms. All valid responses were tabulated and analyzed. A total of 1260 ophthalmologists responded to the survey. Most of the respondents (775/1260; 61.5%) were in private practice and 14.8% (187/1260) were affiliated to ophthalmic institutes. At the time of taking the survey, 72.5% of the respondents (913/1260) were not seeing any patients due to the lockdown. Of those who were still examining patients, 82.9% (287/347) were only seeing emergency cases, based on their own clinical judgement. The proportion of ophthalmologists in ophthalmic institutes, government and municipal hospitals (126/253;49.8%) who were still seeing patients was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than those in private practice (174/775;22.4%). Apart from emergencies such as trauma, retinal detachment, and endophthalmitis (81.8%), other surgeries that were still being performed included intravitreal injections (9.1%) and cataract surgeries (5.9%). Approximately, 77.5% (976/1260) of the respondents had begun telephonic/e-mail/video consultations or consultations over social media applications since the lockdown began. In addition, 59.1% (745/1260) felt that ophthalmologists were potentially at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 compared to other specialties while examining patients. When asked about the resumption of practice upon easing off of the restrictions, 57.8% (728/1260) of the respondents said they were unsure of when to resume elective surgeries; furthermore, 62.8% (791/1260) were unsure about the preferred screening strategy or precautionary approach prior to resuming surgeries and were awaiting guidelines. Our survey shows that majority of ophthalmologists in India were not seeing patients during the COVID-19 lockdown, with near-total cessation of elective surgeries. Emergency services were still being attended to by 27.5% of ophthalmologists who responded. A large proportions of ophthalmologists had switched over to telephonic advice or other forms of telemedicine to assist patients. Most of the responding ophthalmologists were unclear about when and how to resume surgeries upon easing off of the COVID-19 related restrictions. Regulatory bodies should take note of this and issue appropriate guidelines regarding the same."}, {"pmid": 32513299, "title": "Efficacy and safety of Anluohuaxian in the treatment of patients with severe Coronavirus disease 2019- a multicenter, open label, randomized controlled study: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Zhang, Chi", "Li, Jiawen", "Wu, Zhao", "Wang, He", "Que, Chengli", "Zhao, Hong", "Wang, Guiqiang"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513299", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with severe COVID-19 often suffer from significant pulmonary fibrosis. Although the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis has not been fully explained, the signal pathways and cytokines involved are very similar to hepatic fibrosis. This has been successfully treated with the Anluohuaxian Pill, a proprietary Chinese medicine composed of a variety of Chinese herbal medicines. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Anluohuaxian in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with severe COVID-19. This is a prospective, multicenter, open, randomized controlled trial. The distribution ratio was 2:1, 500 cases in the experimental group and 250 cases in the control group. Minimum Age: 18 Years Maximum Age: 80 Years Sex: All Gender Based: No Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No Inclusion Criteria: 1.Confirmed COVID-19, and the nucleic acid test of respiratory specimens such as sputum or nasopharyngeal swabs is negative twice after the treatment (sampling interval is at least 24 hours);2.Negative nucleic acid test of respiratory specimens such as sputum or nasopharyngeal swabs during screening visits;3.High-resolution CT of the lung (HRCT) indicates pulmonary fibrosis (thickness of lobular septum, honeycomb-like changes, with or without bronchial / pleural distraction);4.Voluntarily participate in research and sign informed consent. 1.Combined with severe heart, lung (diagnosed with interstitial lung disease, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.), liver and kidney disease or with endocrine, rheumatic, neurologic, malignant and other systemic diseases;2.Have been diagnosed with connective tissue disease;3.Pregnant or lactating women;4.History of mental disorders, substance abuse or dependence;5.Have used other anti-pulmonary fibrosis drugs in the past 14 days, such as nintedanib, pirfenidone, penicillamine, colchicine, tumor necrosis factor alpha blocker, imatinib, glucocorticoid hormones, morphomycodyl esters, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, interferon-\u03b3, and traditional Chinese medicine;6.Researchers consider it inappropriate to participate in research;7.Participating in other clinical research. This mutli-centre RCT will be undertaken in 9 trial centres: The Second People's Hospital of Fuyang, Ezhou Central Hospital, Huoshenshan Hospital of Wuhan, Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, West Hospital Union Hospital Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wenzhou Medical University Affiliated First Hospital. The research drug is Anluohuaxian Pill, which is provided by Senlong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. The basic therapeutic drugs for COVID-19 involved in the study include antiviral drugs. Brands can be selected according to the treatment routines of each research center to facilitate the improvement of treatment compliance. Primary Outcome Measure: 1.Changes in high-resolution computer tomography of the lung Changes in ground-glass shadows, interstitial or air nodules found on high-resolution computer tomography [Time Frame: 3 months] 2.Change in 6-minute walking distance [Time Frame: 3 months] RANDOMISATION: In this study, the central randomization system (IWRS, an interactive network response system based on network) is used to randomise the groups. The subjects who met the entry criteria were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group according to the proportion of 2:1. In this study, the block randomized grouping method is used, and the block length is 6. The random grouping program is set up by statistical and computer professionals in the randomization process. This is an open label trial. Trial participants, investigators, care givers, outcome assessors, and date analysts are not blinded to group assignment. 750 patients are expected to be enrolled and the cases are allocated according to the ratio of 2 (Anluohuaxian combined with regular treatment group):1 (regular treatment group). Protocol version number 3.0, 10th April 2020. The recruitment has not yet started. Actual Study Start Date: April 1, 2020 Estimated Primary Completion Date: June 1, 2020 Estimated Study Completion Date: December 1, 2020 TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04334265. Registered on 3 April 2020 FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32407828, "pmcid": "PMC7214334", "title": "The electronic medical record and COVID-19: Is it up to the challenge?", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Pryor, Rachel", "Atkinson, Connie", "Cooper, Kaila", "Doll, Michelle", "Godbout, Emily", "Stevens, Michael P", "Bearman, Gonzalo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407828", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490854, "title": "A novel liquid biopsy-based approach for highly specific cancer diagnostics: mitigating false responses in assaying patient plasma-derived circulating microRNAs through combined SERS and plasmon-enhanced fluorescence analyses.", "journal": "Analyst", "authors": ["Masterson, Adrianna N", "Liyanage, Thakshila", "Berman, Claire", "Kaimakliotis, Hristos", "Johnson, Merrell", "Sardar, Rajesh"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490854", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Studies have shown that microRNAs, which are small noncoding RNAs, hold tremendous promise as next-generation circulating biomarkers for early cancer detection via liquid biopsies. A novel, solid-state nanoplasmonic sensor capable of assaying circulating microRNAs through a combined surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF) approach has been developed. Here, the unique localized surface plasmon resonance properties of chemically-synthesized gold triangular nanoprisms (Au TNPs) are utilized to create large SERS and PEF enhancements. With careful modification to the surface of Au TNPs, this sensing approach is capable of quantifying circulating microRNAs at femtogram/microliter concentrations. Uniquely, the multimodal analytical methods mitigate both false positive and false negative responses and demonstrate the high stability of our sensors within bodily fluids. As a proof of concept, microRNA-10b and microRNA-96 were directly assayed from the plasma of six bladder cancer patients. Results show potential for a highly specific liquid biopsy method that could be used in point-of-care clinical diagnostics to increase early cancer detection or any other diseases including SARS-CoV-2 in which RNAs can be used as biomarkers."}, {"pmid": 32493574, "pmcid": "PMC7245328", "title": "COVID-19 and treatment guided by biochemical and molecular diagnostic tests to reduce myocardial damage and cardiotoxicity.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Eiras, Sonia", "Alvarez, Ezequiel", "Brion, Maria", "Gonzalez-Juanatey, Jose Ramon"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493574", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369614, "pmcid": "PMC7267249", "title": "Concomitant haemorrhagic syndrome and recurrent extensive arterial thrombosis in a patient with COVID-19 and acute promyelocytic leukaemia.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Baldacini, Mathieu", "Pop, Raoul", "Sattler, Laurent", "Mauvieux, Laurent", "Bilger, Karin", "Gantzer, Justine", "Schneider, Francis", "Beaujeux, Remy", "Simand, Celestine", "Herbrecht, Raoul"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369614", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449639, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR: at least 2 viral targets are needed.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Farfour, Eric", "Jolly, Emilie", "Pascreau, Tiffany", "Asso-Bonnet, Marianne", "Mazaux, Laurence", "Vasse, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449639", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433448, "title": "Testing of Patients and Support Persons for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Before Scheduled Deliveries.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Bianco, Angela", "Buckley, Ayisha B", "Overbey, Jessica", "Smilen, Scott", "Wagner, Brian", "Dinglas, Cheryl", "Loudon, Holly", "Garely, Alan", "Brodman, Michael", "Stone, Joanne"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433448", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection with the use of universal testing in our obstetric population presenting for scheduled deliveries, as well as the concordance or discordance rate among their support persons during the initial 2-week period of testing. Additionally, we assessed the utility of a screening tool in predicting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing results in our cohort. This was an observational study in which all women who were scheduled for a planned delivery within the Mount Sinai Health system from April 4 to April 15, 2020, were contacted and provided with an appointment for themselves as well as their support persons to undergo COVID-19 testing 1 day before their scheduled delivery. Both the patients and the support persons were administered a standardized screen specific for COVID-19 infection by telephone interview. Those support persons who screened positive were not permitted to attend the birth. All patients and screen-negative support persons underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing. During the study period, 155 patients and 146 support persons underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing. The prevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection was 15.5% (CI 9.8-21.2%) and 9.6% (CI 4.8-14.4%) among patients and support persons, respectively. The rate of discordance among tested pairs was 7.5%. Among patients with COVID-19 infection, 58% of their support persons also had infection; in patients without infection, fewer than 3.0% of their support persons had infection. We found that more than 15% of asymptomatic maternity patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection despite having screened negative with the use of a telephone screening tool. Additionally, 58% of their asymptomatic, screen-negative support persons also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Alternatively, testing of the support persons of women who had tested negative for COVID-19 infection had a low yield for positive results. This has important implications for obstetric and newborn care practices as well as for health care professionals."}, {"pmid": 32381733, "title": "Median-joining network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes is neither phylogenetic nor evolutionary.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Sanchez-Pacheco, Santiago J", "Kong, Sungsik", "Pulido-Santacruz, Paola", "Murphy, Robert W", "Kubatko, Laura"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381733", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451147, "pmcid": "PMC7191283", "title": "How and why are rheumatologists relevant to COVID-19?", "journal": "Joint Bone Spine", "authors": ["Felten, Renaud", "Chatelus, Emmanuel", "Arnaud, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451147", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202513, "pmcid": "PMC7190969", "title": "Changing the editorial process at JCI and JCI Insight in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Ahima, Rexford S", "Jackson, Sarah", "Casadevall, Arturo", "Semenza, Gregg L", "Tomaselli, Gordon", "Collins, Kathleen L", "Lieberman, Andrew P", "Martin, Donna M", "Reddy, Pavan"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202513", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The editors of JCI and JCI Insight are revisiting our editorial processes in light of the strain that the COVID-19 pandemic places on the worldwide scientific community. Here, we discuss adjustments to our decision framework in light of restrictions placed on laboratory working conditions for many of our authors."}, {"pmid": 32344853, "pmcid": "PMC7246840", "title": "Searching for SARS-COV-2 on Particulate Matter: A Possible Early Indicator of COVID-19 Epidemic Recurrence.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Setti, Leonardo", "Passarini, Fabrizio", "De Gennaro, Gianluigi", "Barbieri, Pierluigi", "Pallavicini, Alberto", "Ruscio, Maurizio", "Piscitelli, Prisco", "Colao, Annamaria", "Miani, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344853", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A number of nations were forced to declare a total shutdown due to COVID-19 infection, as extreme measure to cope with dramatic impact of the pandemic, with remarkable consequences both in terms of negative health outcomes and economic loses. However, in many countries a \"Phase-2\" is approaching and many activities will re-open soon, although with some differences depending on the severity of the outbreak experienced and SARS-COV-2 estimated diffusion in the general population. At the present, possible relapses of the epidemic cannot be excluded until effective vaccines or immunoprophylaxis with human recombinant antibodies will be properly set up and commercialized. COVD-19-related quarantines have triggered serious social challenges, so that decision makers are concerned about the risk of wasting all the sacrifices imposed to the people in these months of quarantine. The availability of possible early predictive indicators of future epidemic relapses would be very useful for public health purposes, and could potentially prevent the suspension of entire national economic systems. On 16 March, a Position Paper launched by the Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA) hypothesized for the first time a possible link between the dramatic impact of COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy and the high concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) that characterize this area, along with its well-known specific climatic conditions. Thereafter, a survey carried out in the U.S. by the Harvard School of Public Health suggested a strong association between increases in particulate matter concentration and mortality rates due to COVID-19. The presence of SARS-COV-2 RNA on the particulate matter of Bergamo, which is not far from Milan and represents the epicenter of the Italian epidemic, seems to confirm (at least in case of atmospheric stability and high PM concentrations, as it usually occurs in Northern Italy) that the virus can create clusters with the particles and be carried and detected on PM10. Although no assumptions can be made concerning the link between this first experimental finding and COVID-19 outbreak progression or severity, the presence of SARS-COV-2 RNA on PM10 of outdoor air samples in any city of the world could represent a potential early indicator of COVID-19 diffusion. Searching for the viral genome on particulate matter could therefore be explored among the possible strategies for adopting all the necessary preventive measures before future epidemics start."}, {"pmid": 32330336, "pmcid": "PMC7267606", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection presenting as a febrile rash.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Amatore, F", "Macagno, N", "Mailhe, M", "Demarez, B", "Gaudy-Marqueste, C", "Grob, J J", "Raoult, D", "Brouqui, P", "Richard, M A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330336", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371467, "title": "Covid-19: UK advisory panel members are revealed after experts set up new group.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371467", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501839, "title": "Evaluating the Effects of COVID-19 on Plastic Surgery Emergencies: Protocols and Analysis from a Level I Trauma Center.", "journal": "Ann Plast Surg", "authors": ["Hassan, Kareem", "Prescher, Hannes", "Wang, Frederick", "Chang, David W", "Reid, Russell R"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501839", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 crisis has brought many unique challenges to the healthcare system. Across the United States, social distancing measures have been put in place, including stay-at-home orders (SAH), to combat the spread of this infection. This has impacted the type and volume of traumatic injuries sustained during this time. Meanwhile, steps have been taken in our healthcare system to assure that adequate resources are available to maintain a high standard of patient care while recognizing the importance of protecting healthcare providers. Using comparative data, we aim to describe the trends in traumatic injuries managed by our Plastic Surgery service and detail the changes in consultation policies made to minimize provider exposure. A retrospective chart review was performed of all plastic surgery emergencies at our institution during the 3 weeks preceding the issuance of SAH orders in Chicago and the 3 weeks following. The electronic medical record was queried for patient age, type and mechanism of injury, location where injury was sustained, presence of domestic violence, length of inpatient hospital stays and treatment rendered. The two 3-week periods were then comparatively analyzed to determine differences and trends in these variables. and treatment rendered. The two periods were then comparatively analyzed to determine differences and trends in these variables. There was a significant decrease in trauma consults since issuance of SAH (88 pre-SAH vs 62 post-SAH) with a marked decrease in trauma related hand injuries. There was an increase in the percentage of assault-related injuries including those associated with domestic violence, while there was an overall decrease in motor vehicle collisions. There was no notable change in the location where injuries were sustained. Significantly fewer patients were seen by house staff in the emergency room, while those requiring surgical intervention were able to receive care without delay. Stay-at-home orders in Chicago have impacted traumatic injury patterns seen by the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at a Level I Trauma Center. Safe and timely care can continue to be provided with thorough communication, vigilance and guidance from our colleagues."}, {"pmid": 32162679, "pmcid": "PMC7228326", "title": "Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemic: What Are the Risks for Older Patients?", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Garnier-Crussard, Antoine", "Forestier, Emmanuel", "Gilbert, Thomas", "Krolak-Salmon, Pierre"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162679", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415870, "title": "Clinical trials and Haemophilia during the COVID-19' pandemic: Madrid's Experience.", "journal": "Haemophilia", "authors": ["Alvarez-Roman, M T", "Garcia-Barcenilla, S", "Cebanu, T", "Gonzalez-Zorrilla, E", "Butta, N V", "Bello-Fernandez, I", "Martin-Salces, M", "Pollmar-Rivas, I", "Jimenez-Yuste, V"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415870", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279553, "title": "Patient safety and litigation in the NHS post-COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Tingle, John"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279553", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses patient safety during the present coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32201972, "title": "Global coronavirus pandemic (2019-nCOV): implication for an Italian medium size dermatological clinic of a II level hospital.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Radi, G", "Diotallevi, F", "Campanati, A", "Offidani, A"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201972", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32290847, "pmcid": "PMC7154570", "title": "Anti-IL6R role in treatment of COVID-19-related ARDS.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Buonaguro, Franco Maria", "Puzanov, Igor", "Ascierto, Paolo Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290847", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376169, "pmcid": "PMC7195373", "title": "The Response of an Orthopedic Department and Specialty Hospital at the Epicenter of a Pandemic: The NYU Langone Health Experience.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Schwarzkopf, Ran", "Maher, Nolan A", "Slover, James D", "Strauss, Eric J", "Bosco, Joseph A", "Zuckerman, Joseph D"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376169", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world grapples with the COVID-19 pandemic, we as health care professionals thrive to continue to help our patients, and as orthopedic surgeons, this goal is ever more challenging. As part of a major academic tertiary medical center in New York City, the orthopedic department at New York University (NYU) Langone Health has evolved and adapted to meet the challenges of the COVID pandemic. In our report, we will detail the different aspects and actions taken by NYU Langone Health as well as NYU Langone Orthopedic\u00a0Hospital and the orthopedic department in particular. Among the steps taken, the department has reconfigured its staff's assignments to help both with the institution's efforts and our patients' needs from reassigning operating room nurses to medical COVID floors to having attending surgeons cover urgent care locations. We have reorganized our residency and fellowship rotations and assignments as well as adapting our educational programs to online learning. While constantly evolving to meet the institution's and our patient demands, our leadership starts planning for the return to a new \"normal\"."}, {"pmid": 32392494, "pmcid": "PMC7207191", "title": "Sample sizes in COVID-19-related research.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Lee, Paul H"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392494", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272481, "title": "Structure of M(pro) from SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of its inhibitors.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Jin, Zhenming", "Du, Xiaoyu", "Xu, Yechun", "Deng, Yongqiang", "Liu, Meiqin", "Zhao, Yao", "Zhang, Bing", "Li, Xiaofeng", "Zhang, Leike", "Peng, Chao", "Duan, Yinkai", "Yu, Jing", "Wang, Lin", "Yang, Kailin", "Liu, Fengjiang", "Jiang, Rendi", "Yang, Xinglou", "You, Tian", "Liu, Xiaoce", "Yang, Xiuna", "Bai, Fang", "Liu, Hong", "Liu, Xiang", "Guddat, Luke W", "Xu, Wenqing", "Xiao, Gengfu", "Qin, Chengfeng", "Shi, Zhengli", "Jiang, Hualiang", "Rao, Zihe", "Yang, Haitao"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272481", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02 (SARS-CoV-2), is the aetiological agent responsible for the 2019-2020 viral pneumonia outbreak of coronavirus disease\u00a02019 (COVID-19)1-4. Currently, there are no targeted therapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease, and effective treatment options remain very limited. Here we describe the results of a programme that aimed to rapidly discover lead compounds for clinical use, by combining structure-assisted drug design, virtual drug screening and high-throughput screening. This programme focused on identifying drug leads that target main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2: Mpro is a key enzyme of coronaviruses and has a pivotal role in mediating viral replication and transcription, making it an attractive drug target for SARS-CoV-25,6. We identified a mechanism-based inhibitor (N3) by computer-aided drug design, and then determined the crystal structure of Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 in complex with this compound. Through a combination of structure-based virtual and high-throughput screening, we assayed more than 10,000\u00a0compounds-including approved drugs, drug candidates in clinical trials and other pharmacologically active compounds-as inhibitors of Mpro. Six of these compounds inhibited Mpro, showing half-maximal inhibitory concentration values that ranged from 0.67 to 21.4\u00a0\u03bcM. One of these compounds (ebselen) also exhibited promising antiviral activity in cell-based assays. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of our screening strategy, which can lead to the rapid discovery of drug leads with clinical potential in response to new infectious diseases for which no specific drugs or vaccines are available."}, {"pmid": 32524227, "title": "Assessing the spreading potential of an undetected case of COVID-19 in orthopaedic surgery.", "journal": "Arch Orthop Trauma Surg", "authors": ["Schneider, K N", "Correa-Martinez, C L", "Gosheger, G", "Rickert, C", "Schorn, D", "Mellmann, A", "Schwierzeck, V", "Kampmeier, S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524227", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the novel coronavirus-induced disease (COVID-19), there is the fear of nosocomial infections and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmissions to healthcare workers (HCW). We report the case of a 64-year-old male patient who underwent explantation of a shoulder prosthesis due to a periprosthetic infection. He was tested SARS-CoV-2 positive 7\u00a0days after admission to the orthopaedic department following strict infection control measures, routinely including screening all patients for multi-drug-resistant organism (MDRO) colonization upon admission. Aim of our study is to report on the spreading potential of SARS-CoV-2 in a healthcare setting if standard contact precautions and infection control measures have been established. All HCW with exposure to the patient from day of admission until confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were identified and underwent oropharyngeal swab testing for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-PCR. Sixty-six HCW were identified: nine orthopaedic surgeons, four anaesthesiologists, 25 orthopaedic nurses, five nurse anesthetists, eight scrub nurses, five nursing students, two medical assistants and seven service employees. Fourteen HCW (21%) showed clinical symptoms compatible with a SARS-CoV-2 infection: cough (n\u2009=\u20094), sore throat (n\u2009=\u20093), nasal congestion (n\u2009=\u20093), dyspnea (n\u2009=\u20092), fever (n\u2009=\u20091), headache and myalgia (n\u2009=\u20091). SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in any of the 66 HCW. Hygienic measures and contact precautions, aimed at preventing the spread of MRDO, may have helped to prevent a SARS-CoV-2 transmission to HCW-despite high-risk exposure during intubation, surgical treatment and general care. IV, case series."}, {"pmid": 32515682, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic on the Otolaryngology Fellowship Application Process.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Nesemeier, B Ryan", "Lebo, Nicole L", "Schmalbach, Cecelia E", "Barnes, Kaitlyn J", "Vernon, Dominic", "Ting, Jonathan Y", "Shipchandler, Taha Z"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515682", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 a global pandemic. In addition to massive social disruption, this pandemic affected the traditional fellowship interview season for otolaryngology subspecialties, including head and neck surgical oncology, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, laryngology, rhinology, neurotology, and pediatric otolaryngology. The impact on the fellowship interview process, from the standpoint of the institution and the applicant, necessitated the use of alternative interview processes. This change may alter the future of how interviews and the match proceed for years to come, with nontraditional methods of interviewing becoming a mainstay. While the impact this pandemic has on the fellowship match process is not yet fully realized, this commentary aims to discuss the challenges faced on both sides of the equation and to offer solutions during these unprecedented times."}, {"pmid": 32359919, "pmcid": "PMC7180348", "title": "COVID-19: The European institute of oncology as a \"hub\" centre for breast cancer surgery during the pandemic in Milan (Lombardy region, northern Italy) - A screenshot of the first month.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Vicini, Elisa", "Galimberti, Viviana", "Naninato, Paola", "Vento, Anna Rita", "Ribeiro Fontana, Sabrina Kahler", "Veronesi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359919", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32195698, "pmcid": "PMC7155909", "title": "COVID-19 Infection: Implications for Perioperative and Critical Care Physicians.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Greenland, John R", "Michelow, Marilyn D", "Wang, Linlin", "London, Martin J"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195698", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare systems worldwide are responding to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an emerging infectious syndrome caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Patients with COVID-19 can progress from asymptomatic or mild illness to hypoxemic respiratory failure or multisystem organ failure, necessitating intubation and intensive care management. Healthcare providers, and particularly anesthesiologists, are at the frontline of this epidemic, and they need to be aware of the best available evidence to guide therapeutic management of patients with COVID-19 and to keep themselves safe while doing so. Here, the authors review COVID-19 pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, and potential therapeutics, with a focus on management of COVID-19-associated respiratory failure. The authors draw on literature from other viral epidemics, treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and recent publications on COVID-19, as well as guidelines from major health organizations. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the evidence currently available to guide management of critically ill patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32366510, "title": "Covid-19: collateral damage of lockdown in India.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366510", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32092391, "pmcid": "PMC7126916", "title": "Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases in Hong Kong and implications for further spread.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Kwok, Kin On", "Wong, Valerie", "Wei, Vivian Wan In", "Wong, Samuel Yeung Shan", "Tang, Julian Wei-Tze"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092391", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267613, "pmcid": "PMC7262255", "title": "Research disruptions and recovery.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Lee, M", "Brown, S", "Moug, S", "Vimalachandran, D", "Acheson, A"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267613", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301221, "title": "A preliminary observation: Male pattern hair loss among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Spain - A potential clue to the role of androgens in COVID-19 severity.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Goren, Andy", "Vano-Galvan, Sergio", "Wambier, Carlos Gustavo", "McCoy, John", "Gomez-Zubiaur, Alba", "Moreno-Arrones, Oscar M", "Shapiro, Jerry", "Sinclair, Rodney D", "Gold, Michael H", "Kovacevic, Maja", "Mesinkovska, Natasha Atanaskova", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Washenik, Ken"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301221", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A preliminary observation of high frequency of male pattern hair loss among admitted COVID-19 patients and suggest that androgen expression might be a clue to COVID-19 severity."}, {"pmid": 32281160, "pmcid": "PMC7262140", "title": "A call to action for public health nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Public Health Nurs", "authors": ["Edmonds, Joyce K", "Kneipp, Shawn M", "Campbell, Lisa"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281160", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456689, "pmcid": "PMC7250661", "title": "Evaluation of the potential incidence of COVID-19 and effectiveness of containment measures in Spain: a data-driven approach.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Aleta, Alberto", "Moreno, Yamir"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456689", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are currently experiencing an unprecedented challenge, managing and containing an outbreak of a new coronavirus disease known as COVID-19. While China-where the outbreak started-seems to have been able to contain the growth of the epidemic, different outbreaks are nowadays present in multiple countries. Nonetheless, authorities have taken action and implemented containment measures, even if not everything is known. To facilitate this task, we have studied the effect of different containment strategies that can be put into effect. Our work referred initially to the situation in Spain as of February 28, 2020, where a few dozens of cases had been detected, but has been updated to match the current situation as of 13 April. We implemented an SEIR metapopulation model that allows tracing explicitly the spatial spread of the disease through data-driven stochastic simulations. Our results are in line with the most recent recommendations from the World Health Organization, namely, that the best strategy is the early detection and isolation of individuals with symptoms, followed by interventions and public recommendations aimed at reducing the transmissibility of the disease, which, although might not be sufficient for disease eradication, would produce as a second order effect a delay of several days in the raise of the number of infected cases. Many quantitative aspects of the natural history of the disease are still unknown, such as the amount of possible asymptomatic spreading or the role of age in both the susceptibility and mortality of the disease. However, preparedness plans and mitigation interventions should be ready for quick and efficacious deployment globally. The scenarios evaluated here through data-driven simulations indicate that measures aimed at reducing individuals' flow are much less effective than others intended for early case identification and isolation. Therefore, resources should be directed towards detecting as many and as fast as possible the new cases and isolate them."}, {"pmid": 32334673, "pmcid": "PMC7175899", "title": "[Freedom, equality, fraternity facing the COVID-19].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Bay, Jacques-Olivier", "L'Allemain, Gilles"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334673", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449262, "title": "Birth plan alterations among American women in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Expect", "authors": ["Gildner, Theresa E", "Thayer, Zaneta M"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449262", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457212, "title": "COVID-19 Transmission and Children: The Child is Not to Blame.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Lee, Benjamin", "Raszka, William V Jr"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457212", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125453, "pmcid": "PMC7080079", "title": "Imaging changes in severe COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125453", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339215, "pmcid": "PMC7197592", "title": "Clinical impact of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on in-hospital mortality of patients with hypertension hospitalized for COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tedeschi, Sara", "Giannella, Maddalena", "Bartoletti, Michele", "Trapani, Filippo", "Tadolini, Marina", "Borghi, Claudio", "Viale, Pierluigi"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339215", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338827, "title": "ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko", "Tang, Ning", "Gando, Satoshi", "Falanga, Anna", "Cattaneo, Marco", "Levi, Marcel", "Clark, Cary", "Iba, Toshiaki"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338827", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234312, "pmcid": "PMC7146697", "title": "COVID-19 in endoscopy: Time to do more?", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Thompson, Christopher C", "Shen, Lin", "Lee, Linda S"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234312", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292900, "pmcid": "PMC7151425", "title": "COVID-19: Reducing the risk of infection might increase the risk of intimate partner violence.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["van Gelder, N", "Peterman, A", "Potts, A", "O'Donnell, M", "Thompson, K", "Shah, N", "Oertelt-Prigione, S"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292900", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489501, "pmcid": "PMC7239577", "title": "Serious Conditions in COVID-19 Accompanied With a Feature of Metabolic Syndrome.", "journal": "J Clin Med Res", "authors": ["Nakajima, Kei"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489501", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348045, "title": "[Autoimmune diseases in the context of pandemic COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Horisberger, Alice", "Moi, Laura", "Ribi, Camillo", "Comte, Denis"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348045", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patient suffering from autoimmune diseases (AID) typically have an increased risk of infection, which is attributed to the disease itself, but also to immunosuppressive drugs (IS) and comorbidities. During the current COVID-19 outbreak, the way to manage these diseases remains elusive. Limited data is currently available on AID and IS in the context of this new coronavirus infection. To date, there is no evidence to support an increase in complications of COVID-19 in these patients. In addition, certain drugs that are commonly used to treat AID could be part of the therapeutic arsenal used in COVID-19. The purpose of this article is to review the unique aspects of patients with AID during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32322815, "pmcid": "PMC7172925", "title": "Attack on coronavirus disease 2019 from American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Berghella, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322815", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357957, "title": "Covid-19: NHS outlines services to be prioritised to restart in next six weeks.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357957", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32098466, "title": "[What are the highlights of \"Diagnosis and treatment of disease 2019 novel coronavirus infection suitable for Military support Hubei medical team\"].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Shi, Y"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32098466", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thousands of medical workers in the Military support Hubei medical team are exerting themselves in many hospitals in Hubei Province. They are diligent in treating patients, at the same time, they constantly summarize experience and combine the characteristics of military hospitals. According to \"the Diagnosis and Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia \"(6th edition) of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, a new guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus infection suitable for the military (first trial version) was established. Some unique opinions and suggestions are put forward in terms of disease name, diagnosis criteria, antiviral treatment, glucocorticoid application, etc. This article will make a proper interpretation in order to understand the guideline better and help guide the diagnosis and treatment of diseases."}, {"pmid": 32442317, "title": "The case for Chronotherapy in COVID-19 induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Tamimi, Faleh", "Abusamak, Mohammad", "Akkanti, Bindu", "Chen, Zheng", "Yoo, Seung-Hee", "Karmouty-Quintana, Harry"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442317", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the disease resulting from infection by a novel coronavirus: SARS-Cov2 that has rapidly spread since November 2019 leading to a global pandemic. SARS-Cov2 has infected over 4 million people and caused over 290,000 deaths worldwide. Although most cases are mild, a subset of patients develop a severe and atypical presentation of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that is characterised by a cytokine release storm (CRS). Paradoxically, treatment with anti-inflammatory agents and immune regulators has been associated with worsening of ARDS. We hypothesize that the intrinsic circadian clock of the lung and the immune system may regulate individual components of CRS and thus chronotherapy may be used to effectively manage ARDS in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32370983, "pmcid": "PMC7174176", "title": "[Psychopathological consequences of confinement].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Mengin, A", "Alle, M C", "Rolling, J", "Ligier, F", "Schroder, C", "Lalanne, L", "Berna, F", "Jardri, R", "Vaiva, G", "Geoffroy, P A", "Brunault, P", "Thibaut, F", "Chevance, A", "Giersch, A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370983", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The psychological effects of isolation have already been described in the literature (polar expeditions, submarines, prison). Nevertheless, the scale of confinement implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented. In addition to reviewing the published studies, we need to anticipate the psychological problems that could arise during or at a distance from confinement. We have gone beyond the COVID-19 literature in order to examine the implications of the known consequences of confinement, like boredom, social isolation, stress, or sleep deprivation. Anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, suicidal or addictive behaviours, domestic violence are described effects of confinement, but the mechanisms of emergence of these disorders and their interrelationships remain to be studied. For example, what are the mechanisms of emergence of post-traumatic stress disorders in the context of confinement? We also remind the reader of points of vigilance to be kept in mind with regard to eating disorders and hallucinations. Hallucinations are curiously ignored in the literature on confinement, whereas a vast literature links social isolation and hallucinations. Due to the broad psychopathological consequences, we have to look for these various symptoms to manage them. We quickly summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches already in place, such as telemedicine, which is undergoing rapid development during the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32526447, "title": "The Face Mask How a Real Protection becomes a Psychological Symbol during Covid-19?", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Goh, Yihui", "Yq Tan, Benjamin", "Bhartendu, Chandra", "Jy Ong, Jonathan", "Sharma, Vijay K"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526447", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "'The Mask' has become a byword and a precious possession universally. Except for its use by the medical fraternity, answers to the common questions-whether it provides enough protection, which type is optimal for the general public and who really needs to don it, remain poorly understood. For a frontline healthcare worker, wearing mask is a necessity as an important person protection equipment, it is perhaps the most-powerful psychological symbol for the general public. Surprisingly, it even undermines all other recommended practices of infection control and breaking the transmission chain of Covid-19, like hand washing, personal hygiene and social distancing. 'The mask' has evolved with time and yet there is a need to further improve the design for safety, tolerability and comfort. In this review we present the journey of face mask, originating from the first masks aimed at stopping the bad smell to its industrial use to its all-important place in the medical field. Various types of face masks, their filtration efficiency, reusability and current recommendations for their use are presented."}, {"pmid": 32301976, "pmcid": "PMC7184510", "title": "Management of elective aortic valve replacement over the long term in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiothorac Surg", "authors": ["Basman, Craig", "Kliger, Chad A", "Pirelli, Luigi", "Scheinerman, S Jacob"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301976", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302286, "pmcid": "PMC7234719", "title": "Augmenting the Disaster Healthcare Workforce.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Iserson, Kenneth V"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302286", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic, we need to use all available resources to bolster our healthcare workforce. Many factors go into this process, including selecting the groups of professionals we will need, streamlining their licensing and credentialing processes, identifying appropriate roles for them, and supporting their health and well-being. The questions we must answer are these: How many staff will we need? How do we provide them with emergency licenses and credentials to practice? What interstate licensing compacts and registration systems exist to facilitate the process? What caveats are there to using retired healthcare professionals and healthcare students? How can we best avoid attrition among and increase the numbers of international medical graduates? Which non-clinical volunteers can we use and in what capacities? The answers to these questions will change as the crisis develops, although the earlier we address them, the smoother will be the process of using augmentees for the healthcare system."}, {"pmid": 32374891, "pmcid": "PMC7267607", "title": "Convalescent plasma to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): considerations for clinical trial design.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Barone, Paul", "DeSimone, Robert A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374891", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125371, "title": "Response to COVID-19 in Taiwan: Big Data Analytics, New Technology, and Proactive Testing.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Wang, C Jason", "Ng, Chun Y", "Brook, Robert H"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125371", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391663, "title": "[Dynamic changes of chest CT imaging in patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Wang, Jincheng", "Liu, Jinpeng", "Wang, Yuanyuan", "Liu, Wei", "Chen, Xiaoqun", "Sun, Chao", "Shen, Xiaoyong", "Wang, Qidong", "Wu, Yaping", "Liang, Wenjie", "Ruan, Lingxiang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391663", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the dynamic changes of chest CT images of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fifty-two cases of COVID-19 were admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The consecutive chest CT scans were followed up for all patients with an average of 4 scans performed per patient during the hospitalization. The shortest interval between each scan was 2 days and the longest was 7 days. The shape, number and distribution of lung shadows, as well as the characteristics of the lesions on the CT images were reviewed. The obvious shadows infiltrating the lungs were shown on CT images in 50 cases, for other 2 cases there was no abnormal changes in the lungs during the first CT examination. Ground-glass opacities (GGO) were found in 48 cases (92.3%), and 19 cases (36.5%) had patchy consolidation and sub-consolidation, which were accompanied with air bronchi sign in 17 cases (32.7%). Forty one cases (78.8%) showed a thickened leaflet interval, 4 cases (7.6%) had a small number of fibrous stripes. During hospitalization, GGO lesions in COVID-19 patients gradually became rare,the fibrous strip shadows increased and it became the most common imaging manifestation. The lesions rapidly progressed in 39 cases (75.0%) within 6-9 days after admission. On days 10-14 of admission, the lesions distinctly resolved in 40 cases (76.9%). The chest CT images of patients with COVID-19 have certain characteristics with dynamic changes, which are of value for monitoring disease progress and clinical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32420952, "title": "The death rate for COVID-19 is positively associated with gross domestic products.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon M", "Mattiuzzi, Camilla", "Bovo, Chiara"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420952", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "N/A - Letter to the Editor."}, {"pmid": 32321388, "title": "Challenges and Priorities in Responding to COVID-19 in Inpatient Psychiatry.", "journal": "Psychiatr Serv", "authors": ["Li, Luming"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321388", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This Open Forum focuses on specific challenges, contingency planning considerations, and downstream impacts of COVID-19 on inpatient psychiatric care. COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that has been declared a pandemic. Challenges for inpatient psychiatry include risky close contact among staff and patients, space constraints, and structural barriers in care delivery. Nuanced considerations of five contingency planning strategies in response to COVID-19 are described, including COVID-19-specific precautions, visitor restrictions, physician workforce considerations, operational adjustments, and group therapy changes. Organized leadership and clear communication are identified as early priorities in pandemic response to minimize misinformation and address immediate challenges."}, {"pmid": 32470851, "pmcid": "PMC7214326", "title": "Role of oxidized LDL-induced \"trained macrophages\" in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and benefits of pioglitazone: A hypothesis.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Erol, Adnan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470851", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older adults and people who have cardiovascular disorders (their common pathogenetic mechanism is progressive atherosclerosis) are at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Their common pathogenetic mechanism is progressive atherosclerosis in which oxLDL (oxidized LDL) plays major role. Receptor-mediated uptake of oxLDL by the monocyte-derived macrophages activates the long-term epigenetic reprogramming of innate immunity, which is termed \"trained immunity.\" The aim of this work is to investigate the mechanisms and treatment possibilities that can control the activities of these specific macrophages. Search in Medline and PubMed relevant articles on the trained immunity and cytokine storm of COVID-19. When oxLDL-trained macrophages encounter SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) in the lung, it causes unregulated cytokine secretion, leading to the alveolar damage. Therefore, blocking macrophage training by pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, could control the hyperactivation that the virus would trigger."}, {"pmid": 32294342, "pmcid": "PMC7179960", "title": "Death from Covid-19 of 23 Health Care Workers in China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zhan, Mingkun", "Qin, Yaxun", "Xue, Xiang", "Zhu, Shuaijun"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294342", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409150, "pmcid": "PMC7190482", "title": "An evaluation of co-use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin on cardiac outcomes: A pharmacoepidemiological study to inform use during the COVID19 pandemic.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Vouri, Scott M", "Thai, Thuy N", "Winterstein, Almut G"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409150", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine (chloroquine) plus azithromycin is considered as therapy for COVID-19. With benefit evaluations underway, safety concerns due to potential additive effects on QTc prolongation should be addressed. We compared risk of cardiac adverse events between combinations of chloroquine and azithromycin and chloroquine and amoxicillin. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Medicare Supplemental Databases, 2005-2018. We included autoimmune disease patients aged \u226518 years initiating azithromycin or amoxicillin for \u22655 days during chloroquine treatment. Patients had continuous insurance coverage \u22656 months before combination use until 5 days thereafter or inpatient death. Two outcomes were sudden cardiac arrest/ventricular arrhythmias (SCA/VA) and cardiac symptoms. We followed patients for up to 5 days to estimate hazard ratios (HR). Covariates were adjusted using stabilized inverse probability treatment weighting. We identified two SVC/VA events among >145,000 combination users. The adjusted incidence of cardiac symptoms among azithromycin and amoxicillin users was 276 vs 254 per 10,000 person-years with an adjusted HR of 1.10 (95%CI, 0.62-1.95). Combination use of chloroquine and azithromycin at routine doses did not show pronounced increases in arrhythmias in this real-world population, though small sample size and outcome rates limit conclusions."}, {"pmid": 32394416, "title": "Recommendations for Trauma and Emergency General Surgery Practice During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg", "authors": ["Gok, Ali Fuat Kaan", "Eryilmaz, Mehmet", "Ozmen, Mehmet Mahir", "Alimoglu, Orhan", "Ertekin, Cemalettin", "Kurtoglu, Mehmet Hamdi"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394416", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a new disease, based on currently available limited information, older adults and people of any age who have severe underlying medical conditions may be at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19. People of all age groups are also at risk. Healthcare providers have always been the professionals most exposed to the risk of contracting to any kind of infection due to the nature of their profession. Elective interventions have been postponed to give care of patients with COVID-19. However, some interventions cannot be delayed, such as trauma surgery, acute abdomen, and emergency endoscopies. To maintain the sustainability of the healthcare system, the protection of healthcare providers should be the top priority. On the other hand, patients, who need emergency healthcare, should also be provided with appropriate treatment. Healthcare professionals should choose a treatment method appropriately in the circumstances to protect themselves and their patients as much as possible. This paper aims to summarize how a surgeon may act appropriately when an intervention is inevitable during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32291153, "pmcid": "PMC7142701", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic & head and neck cancer patients management: The role of virtual multidisciplinary team meetings.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Salari, Abolfazl", "Shirkhoda, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291153", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32169481, "pmcid": "PMC7102553", "title": "COVID-19 spike-host cell receptor GRP78 binding site prediction.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Ibrahim, Ibrahim M", "Abdelmalek, Doaa H", "Elshahat, Mohammed E", "Elfiky, Abdo A"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169481", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Understanding the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) mode of host cell recognition may help to fight the disease and save lives. The spike protein of coronaviruses is the main driving force for host cell recognition. In this study, the COVID-19 spike binding site to the cell-surface receptor (Glucose Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78)) is predicted using combined molecular modeling docking and structural bioinformatics. The COVID-19 spike protein is modeled using its counterpart, the SARS spike. Sequence and structural alignments show that four regions, in addition to its cyclic nature have sequence and physicochemical similarities to the cyclic Pep42. Protein-protein docking was performed to test the four regions of the spike that fit tightly in the GRP78 Substrate Binding Domain \u03b2 (SBD\u03b2). The docking pose revealed the involvement of the SBD\u03b2 of GRP78 and the receptor-binding domain of the coronavirus spike protein in recognition of the host cell receptor. We reveal that the binding is more favorable between regions III (C391-C525) and IV (C480-C488) of the spike protein model and GRP78. Region IV is the main driving force for GRP78 binding with the predicted binding affinity of -9.8\u202fkcal/mol. These nine residues can be used to develop therapeutics specific against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32031570, "pmcid": "PMC7042881", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Wang, Dawei", "Hu, Bo", "Hu, Chang", "Zhu, Fangfang", "Liu, Xing", "Zhang, Jing", "Wang, Binbin", "Xiang, Hui", "Cheng, Zhenshun", "Xiong, Yong", "Zhao, Yan", "Li, Yirong", "Wang, Xinghuan", "Peng, Zhiyong"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32031570", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, China. The number of cases has increased rapidly but information on the clinical characteristics of affected patients is limited. To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of NCIP. Retrospective, single-center case series of the 138 consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed NCIP at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in Wuhan, China, from January 1 to January 28, 2020; final date of follow-up was February 3, 2020. Documented NCIP. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. Outcomes of critically ill patients and noncritically ill patients were compared. Presumed hospital-related transmission was suspected if a cluster of health professionals or hospitalized patients in the same wards became infected and a possible source of infection could be tracked. Of 138 hospitalized patients with NCIP, the median age was 56 years (interquartile range, 42-68; range, 22-92 years) and 75 (54.3%) were men. Hospital-associated transmission was suspected as the presumed mechanism of infection for affected health professionals (40 [29%]) and hospitalized patients (17 [12.3%]). Common symptoms included fever (136 [98.6%]), fatigue (96 [69.6%]), and dry cough (82 [59.4%]). Lymphopenia (lymphocyte count, 0.8\u2009\u00d7\u2009109/L [interquartile range {IQR}, 0.6-1.1]) occurred in 97 patients (70.3%), prolonged prothrombin time (13.0 seconds [IQR, 12.3-13.7]) in 80 patients (58%), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (261 U/L [IQR, 182-403]) in 55 patients (39.9%). Chest computed tomographic scans showed bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs of all patients. Most patients received antiviral therapy (oseltamivir, 124 [89.9%]), and many received antibacterial therapy (moxifloxacin, 89 [64.4%]; ceftriaxone, 34 [24.6%]; azithromycin, 25 [18.1%]) and glucocorticoid therapy (62 [44.9%]). Thirty-six patients (26.1%) were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) because of complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (22 [61.1%]), arrhythmia (16 [44.4%]), and shock (11 [30.6%]). The median time from first symptom to dyspnea was 5.0 days, to hospital admission was 7.0 days, and to ARDS was 8.0 days. Patients treated in the ICU (n\u2009=\u200936), compared with patients not treated in the ICU (n\u2009=\u2009102), were older (median age, 66 years vs 51 years), were more likely to have underlying comorbidities (26 [72.2%] vs 38 [37.3%]), and were more likely to have dyspnea (23 [63.9%] vs 20 [19.6%]), and anorexia (24 [66.7%] vs 31 [30.4%]). Of the 36 cases in the ICU, 4 (11.1%) received high-flow oxygen therapy, 15 (41.7%) received noninvasive ventilation, and 17 (47.2%) received invasive ventilation (4 were switched to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). As of February 3, 47 patients (34.1%) were discharged and 6 died (overall mortality, 4.3%), but the remaining patients are still hospitalized. Among those discharged alive (n\u2009=\u200947), the median hospital stay was 10 days (IQR, 7.0-14.0). In this single-center case series of 138 hospitalized patients with confirmed NCIP in Wuhan, China, presumed hospital-related transmission of 2019-nCoV was suspected in 41% of patients, 26% of patients received ICU care, and mortality was 4.3%."}, {"pmid": 32418371, "title": "RESILIENCE AND COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol", "authors": ["Solano Gamez, Armando"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418371", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220653, "pmcid": "PMC7104094", "title": "The Italian health system and the COVID-19 challenge.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Armocida, Benedetta", "Formenti, Beatrice", "Ussai, Silvia", "Palestra, Francesca", "Missoni, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220653", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373467, "pmcid": "PMC7195291", "title": "Conjunctivitis can be the only presenting sign and symptom of COVID-19.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Scalinci, Sergio Zaccaria", "Trovato Battagliola, Edoardo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373467", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Five cases of non-remitting conjunctivitis turned out to be the sole presenting sign and symptom of COVID-19. These patients tested positive on RT-PCR of naso-pharyngeal swabs and developed no fever, malaise, or respiratory symptoms throughout the course of their illness. They all fully recovered. In the current efforts to fight the spread of this virus, authors want to emphasize that atypical clinical presentations of COVID-19 can occur and a high level of suspicion should be maintained. Ocular involvement and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 should never be overlooked. In fact, conjunctival mucosae are susceptible to respiratory viruses and remain an important point of entry. For this reason, eye protection in the form of goggles or a face shield should be considered essential for all healthcare providers, even when taking care of patients who are not showing typical symptoms of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32243722, "pmcid": "PMC7167841", "title": "Lessons unfolding from pediatric cases of COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Yonker, Lael M", "Shen, Kunling", "Kinane, T Bernard"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243722", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484588, "title": "Training Oncologists in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Choudhury, Noura", "Shoushtari, Alexander"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484588", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425652, "pmcid": "PMC7229443", "title": "COVID-19: the wrong target for healthcare liability claims.", "journal": "Leg Med (Tokyo)", "authors": ["Parisi, Saverio G", "Viel, Guido", "Cecchi, Rossana", "Montisci, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425652", "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32425302, "pmcid": "PMC7229918", "title": "Perioperative Outcomes of Urological Surgery in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["McDermott, Aoibhinn", "O'Kelly, John", "de Barra, Eoghan", "Fitzpatrick, Fidelma", "Little, Dilly M", "Davis, Niall F"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425302", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240462, "pmcid": "PMC7115348", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Min", "Zhang, Xinxin", "Qu, Jieming"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240462", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a significant threat to global health. It caused a total of 80 868 confirmed cases and 3101 deaths in Chinese mainland until March 8, 2020. This novel virus spread mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact. As disease progressed, a series of complications tend to develop, especially in critically ill patients. Pathological findings showed representative features of acute respiratory distress syndrome and involvement of multiple organs. Apart from supportive care, no specific treatment has been established for COVID-19. The efficacy of some promising antivirals, convalescent plasma transfusion, and tocilizumab needs to be investigated by ongoing clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32512405, "title": "Letter to the Editor: The economic and mental health costs of COVID-19 to immigrants.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Res", "authors": ["Mia, Md Aslam", "Griffiths, Mark D"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512405", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291903, "pmcid": "PMC7262101", "title": "COVID-19 - Looking beyond the immediate concerns.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Smith, Timothy L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291903", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32108352, "pmcid": "PMC7228274", "title": "Clinical trial analysis of 2019-nCoV therapy registered in China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Qi", "Wang, Yakun", "Qi, Changsong", "Shen, Lin", "Li, Jian"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108352", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "So far, there is a lack of effective drugs for the new coronavirus pneumonia. With more and more patients diagnosed, China has carried out more than 100 clinical studies of new coronavirus infection, including antiviral drugs, antimalarial drugs, glucocorticoids, plasma therapy, virus vaccine, and other Western drugs, while Chinese medicine research accounted for half of the studies. Most of the trials were initiated by investigators and the study period would last for 1 to 11 months. The primary endpoints included symptom improvement and virus nucleic acid turning negative, but the optimal endpoint has not been determined. Although the final results of studies will take a long time to complete, the interim research data may provide some help for the current urgent demand for drug treatment. Compared with that of during SARS period in 2003, China has the stronger capability to carry out clinical trials of new drugs in emergency period."}, {"pmid": 32219671, "pmcid": "PMC7100439", "title": "Spiritual Lessons From the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "J Relig Health", "authors": ["Hart, Curtis W"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219671", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349253, "pmcid": "PMC7246845", "title": "A Preliminary Evaluation of the Public Risk Perception Related to the COVID-19 Health Emergency in Italy.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Motta Zanin, Giulia", "Gentile, Eleonora", "Parisi, Alessandro", "Spasiano, Danilo"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349253", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Governments faced with the spread of COVID-19 pandemic are adopting strict and severe mitigation measures to influence people's behaviors. Public perception of health risk plays a key role in the adoption of these actions, in people's feelings, and in their daily habits. To support decision makers from international to local levels to face with future sanitary emergencies, this study aims at investigating Italian public perceptions of health risk. To this purpose, a questionnaire was designed and administered within the period of Italian COVID-19 lockdown and quarantine to almost 9000 citizens in Italy and abroad. The obtained results highlight a significative influence that mass media play on both the level of knowledge and the feelings of the respondents. The findings also point out future variations of some perceived behaviors consequent to the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32225133, "title": "Number of COVID-19 cases in Chile at 120 days with data at 21/03/2020 and threshold of daily effort to flatten the epi-curve.", "journal": "Medwave", "authors": ["Cordova-Lepe, Fernando", "Gutierrez-Aguilar, Rodrigo", "Gutierrez-Jara, Juan Pablo"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225133", "countries": ["Chile"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a straightforward projection with data up to 21/03/2020 of the evolution of the number of COVID-19 cases per day in Chile using data from the Ministry of Health. Assuming an arithmetical growth in the second variation of the data, we present a cubic adjustment model in which we estimate over 100 000 cases at 120 days consistent with the data recorded to date. Furthermore, we use an exponential total case model to represent (using a parameter) the daily effort to reduce a high initial daily growth rate. We simulate this model with different numerical scenarios of feasibility and desired future prevalence."}, {"pmid": 32309812, "pmcid": "PMC7158870", "title": "Prone Position in Management of COVID-19 Patients; a Commentary.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ghelichkhani, Parisa", "Esmaeili, Maryam"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309812", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 virus causes a pneumonia that was identified through fever, dyspnea, and acute respiratory symptoms and named COVID-19. This disease exacerbates in a number of patients and causes pulmonary edema, multi-organ failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Prevalence of ARDS among COVID-19 patients has been reported to be up to 17%. Among the introduced treatment methods for management of ARDS patients, prone position can be used as an adjuvant therapy for improving ventilation in these patients. Here we reviewed the literature regarding the role of prone position in management of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32485610, "pmcid": "PMC7261230", "title": "Safety issues and harmful pharmacological interactions of nutritional supplements in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: considerations for Standard of Care and emerging virus outbreaks.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Boccanegra, Brigida", "Verhaart, Ingrid E C", "Cappellari, Ornella", "Vroom, Elizabeth", "De Luca, Annamaria"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485610", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the moment, little treatment options are available for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The absence of the dystrophin protein leads to a complex cascade of pathogenic events in myofibres, including chronic inflammation and oxidative stress as well as altered metabolism. The attention towards dietary supplements in DMD is rapidly increasing, with the aim to counteract pathology-related alteration in nutrient intake, the consequences of catabolic distress or to enhance the immunological response of patients as nowadays for the COVID-19 pandemic emergency. By definition, supplements do not exert therapeutic actions, although a great confusion may arise in daily life by the improper distinction between supplements and therapeutic compounds. For most supplements, little research has been done and little evidence is available concerning their effects in DMD as well as their preventing actions against infections. Often these are not prescribed by clinicians and patients/caregivers do not discuss the use with their clinical team. Then, little is known about the real extent of supplement use in DMD patients. It is mistakenly assumed that, since compounds are of natural origin, if a supplement is not effective, it will also do no harm. However, supplements can have serious side effects and also have harmful interactions, in terms of reducing efficacy or leading to toxicity, with other therapies. It is therefore pivotal to shed light on this unclear scenario for the sake of patients. This review discusses the supplements mostly used by DMD patients, focusing on their potential toxicity, due to a variety of mechanisms including pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interactions and contaminations, as well as on reports of adverse events. This overview underlines the need for caution in uncontrolled use of dietary supplements in fragile populations such as DMD patients. A culture of appropriate use has to be implemented between clinicians and patients' groups."}, {"pmid": 32452905, "pmcid": "PMC7258839", "title": "Emergence from the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Care of Chronic Pain: Guidance for the Interventionalist.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Deer, Timothy", "Sayed, Dawood", "Pope, Jason", "Chakravarthy, Krishnan", "Petersen, Erika", "Moeschler, Susan M", "Abd-Elsayed, Alaa", "Amirdelfan, Kasra", "Mekhail, Nagy"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452905", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to a significant disruption in the care of pain from chronic and subacute conditions. The impact of this cessation of pain treatment may have unintended consequences of increased pain, reduced function, increased reliance on opioid medications and potential increased morbidity, due to the systemic impact of untreated disease burden. This may include decreased mobility, reduction in overall health status and increase of opioid use with the associated risks. The article is the work of the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) COVID-19 Task Force to evaluate the policies set forth by federal, state, and local agencies to reduce or eliminate elective procedures for those patients with pain from spine, nerve and joint disease. The impact of these decisions, which were needed to reduce the spread of the pandemic, led to a delay in care for many patients. We hence review an emergence plan to reinitiate this pain-related care. The goal is to outline a path to work with federal, state, and local authorities to combat the spread of the pandemic and minimize the deleterious impact of pain and suffering on our chronic pain patients. The paper sets forth a strategy for the interventional pain centers to reemerge from the current pandemic and to set a course for future events."}, {"pmid": 32405033, "pmcid": "PMC7220623", "title": "COVID-19 and endoscopy: implications for healthcare and digestive cancer screening.", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Gralnek, Ian M", "Hassan, Cesare", "Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405033", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478472, "title": "Patient care protocols and personal safety measures for health care professionals in cardiac catheterization rooms during the COVID-19 outbreak in the National Institute of Cardiology.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Eid-Lidt, Guering", "Farjat Pasos, Julio Ivan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478472", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 was first described in late 2019 that quickly became a pandemic affecting every health system as we know it. The high transmissibility among humans represents a well-known high burden of morbidity and mortality not only for cardiovascular patients but also for a higher risk between health care professionals that must deliver high-quality care to them in any scenario, and cardiac catheterization rooms are no exception. This creates a new dilemma, minimize exposure to patients and health care professionals to COVID-19 while maintaining high quality in cardiovascular therapeutics. In order to achieve this, several international recommendations on treatment algorithms modifications and in safety measures in the catheterization room have been published, always aiming to solve this dilemma in the best possible way. Hereby, we present a summary of the most recent treatment algorithms in the most important cardiovascular interventions (acute coronary syndromes, structural and congenital heart diseases) as well as specific safety measures with a step-by-step preparedness before and after any interventional procedure during COVID-19 outbreak. The objective of this document is to inform and to train health care professionals that works in cardiac catheterization rooms on the risks as well on the plan for containment, mitigation, and response to the global situation of COVID-19 infection in order to apply this in their own local work environments."}, {"pmid": 32330441, "pmcid": "PMC7173803", "title": "The important role of serology for COVID-19 control.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Winter, Amy K", "Hegde, Sonia T"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330441", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433281, "pmcid": "PMC7268876", "title": "Virtual Interviews for Surgical Training Program Applicants During COVID-19: Lessons Learned and Recommendations.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Day, Ryan W", "Taylor, Brigitte M", "Bednarski, Brian", "Tzeng, Ching-Wei D", "Gershenwald, Jeffrey E", "Lee, Jeffrey E", "Grubbs, Elizabeth G"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433281", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181874, "title": "Tabletop exercise to prepare institutions of higher education for an outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Emerg Manag", "authors": ["Wendelboe, Aaron M", "Miller, Amanda", "Drevets, Douglas", "Salinas, Linda", "Miller, E J", "Jackson, Dalton", "Chou, Ann", "Raines, Jill"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181874", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Complete Table Top Exercise Manual."}, {"pmid": 32449374, "pmcid": "PMC7256350", "title": "Laboratory findings of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Scand J Clin Lab Invest", "authors": ["Zhang, Zu-Li", "Hou, Yu-Lei", "Li, De-Tao", "Li, Feng-Zeng"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449374", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic first broke out in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has now spread worldwide. Laboratory findings have been only partially described in some observational studies. To date, more comprehensive systematic reviews of laboratory findings on COVID-19 are missing. We performed a systematic review with a meta-analysis to assess laboratory findings in patients with COVID-19. Observational studies from three databases were selected. We calculated pooled proportions and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using the random-effects model meta-analysis. A total of 1106 articles were identified from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI (China), and other sources. After screening, 28 and 7 studies were selected for a systematic review and a meta-analysis, respectively. Of the 4,663 patients included, the most prevalent laboratory finding was increased C-reactive protein (CRP; 73.6%, 95% CI 65.0-81.3%), followed by decreased albumin (62.9%, 95% CI 28.3-91.2%), increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (61.2%, 95% CI 41.3-81.0%), decreased eosinophils (58.4%, 95% CI 46.5-69.8%), increased interleukin-6 (53.1%, 95% CI 36.0-70.0%), lymphopenia (47.9%, 95% CI 41.6-54.9%), and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; 46.2%, 95% CI 37.9-54.7%). A meta-analysis of seven studies with 1905 patients showed that increased CRP (OR 3.0, 95% CI: 2.1-4.4), lymphopenia (OR 4.5, 95% CI: 3.3-6.0), and increased LDH (OR 6.7, 95% CI: 2.4-18.9) were significantly associated with severity. These results demonstrated that more attention is warranted when interpreting laboratory findings in patients with COVID-19. Patients with elevated CRP levels, lymphopenia, or elevated LDH require proper management and, if necessary, transfer to the intensive care unit."}, {"pmid": 32417245, "pmcid": "PMC7224647", "title": "The proportion of COVID-19 cases that are asymptomatic in South Korea: Comment on Nishiura et al.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Workman, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417245", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Korean Centers for Disease Control & Prevention reports the asymptomatic case proportion for COVID-19 is 33.3%. The asymptomatic case proportion in South Korea closely approximates the rate of 30.8% reported by Nishiura et al. (2020) among Japanese nationals returning from abroad."}, {"pmid": 32427435, "title": "Personal Protective Equipment and Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Ortega, Rafael", "Gonzalez, Mauricio", "Nozari, Ala", "Canelli, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427435", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371813, "pmcid": "PMC7236847", "title": "Could renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors be used for hypertensive patients with coronavirus disease 2019?", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Liu, Di", "Li, Yun-Zhao", "Wu, Hui"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371813", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506111, "title": "National Clinical Guidance for the Management of Cardiovascular Intervention in the COVID-19 Pandemic: From Bangladesh Society of Cardiovascular Interventions (BSCI).", "journal": "Mymensingh Med J", "authors": ["Uddin, M J", "Rahman, A F", "Rahman, S", "Momenuzzaman, N M", "Rahman, A", "Majumder, A S", "Mohibullah, A M", "Chowdhury, A H", "Malik, F N", "Ahsan, S A", "Mohsin, K", "Haq, M M", "Chowdhury, A W", "Sohrabuzzaman, A M", "Rahman, M", "Chakraborty, B", "Rahman, R", "Khan, S R", "Khan, K N", "Reza, A M", "Hussain, K S", "Rashid, M", "Choudhury, A K", "Karmakar, K K", "Ali, Z", "Alam, N", "Rahman, Z", "Kabir, C S", "Banik, D", "Dutta, A", "Badiuzzaman, M", "Islam, A W", "Sium, A H", "Hossain, M D", "Ahmed, N", "Jahan, J", "Islam, M S", "Arefin, M M", "Cader, F A", "Banerjee, S K", "Hoque, H", "Shofiuddin, M", "Selim, A", "Das, P K", "Ahmed, M", "Dutto, B", "Alam, S", "Paul, G K", "Paul, S K", "Azam, M G"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506111", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first recorded case of SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladesh on 8th March 2020, COVID-19 has spread widely through different regions of the country, resulting in a necessity to re-evaluate the delivery of cardiovascular services, particularly procedures pertaining to interventional cardiology in resource-limited settings. Given its robust capacity for human-to-human transmission and potential of being a nosocomial source of infection, the disease has specific implications on healthcare systems and health care professionals faced with performing essential cardiac procedures in patients with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The limited resources in terms of cardiac catheterization laboratories that can be designated to treat only COVID positive patients are further compounded by the additional challenges of unavailability of widespread rapid testing on-site at tertiary cardiac hospitals in Bangladesh. This document prepared for our nation by the Bangladesh Society of Cardiovascular Interventions (BSCI) is intended to serve as a clinical practice guideline for cardiovascular health care professionals, with a focus on modifying standard practice of care during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to ensure continuation of adequate and timely treatment of cardiovascular emergencies avoiding hospital-based transmission of SARS-COV-2 among healthcare professionals and the patients. This is an evolving document based on currently available global data and is tailored to healthcare systems in Bangladesh with particular focus on, but not limited to, invasive cardiology facilities (cardiac catheterization, electrophysiology & pacing labs). This guideline is limited to the provision of cardiovascular care, and it is expected that specific targeted pharmaco-therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 be prescribed as stipulated by the National Guidelines on Clinical Management of Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) published by the Director General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of Bangladesh."}, {"pmid": 32240961, "pmcid": "PMC7270579", "title": "Routine childhood immunization may protect against COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Salman, Samar", "Salem, Mohamed Labib"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240961", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469632, "title": "Provision of e-learning programmes to replace undergraduate medical students' clinical general practice attachments during COVID-19 stand-down.", "journal": "Educ Prim Care", "authors": ["Roskvist, Rachel", "Eggleton, Kyle", "Goodyear-Smith, Felicity"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469632", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Senior medical students at the University of Auckland, New Zealand spend most of their learning time in clinical attachments. Experiential apprentice-style training is traditionally recognised as an important aspect of obtaining competency. In March 2020 they were stood down from their general practice placements in the context of a national response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Acute conversion of their general practice education from experiential clinical exposure to online and offsite learning was required. This paper describes the steps taken and the underlying theoretical foundations for our expediently developed online course. Our online learning programme has three online components, reflecting the domains of educational environment theory: asynchronous discussion forums; a symposium facilitating social interactions and teacher presence, and a portfolio facilitating personal goal aspects. The latter is underpinned by a multi-theories model of adult learning, built upon the scaffolding framework that supports our entire medical curriculum. Within this theory, we propose a five-stage model of learning. Learning from this experience contributes to the body of knowledge around online education, particularly in meeting the needs of a clinical attachment traditionally grounded in experiential learning. It is hoped that the mechanisms described here might be useful to other educators facing similar challenges."}, {"pmid": 32501476, "title": "COVID-19 and the healthcare workers.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Kalra, Ankur", "Michos, Erin D", "Chinnaiyan, Kavitha M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501476", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475833, "title": "No advice to discontinue antirheumatic therapy for non-medical reasons in light of SARS-CoV-2. Response to: 'Treatment adherence of patients with sytemic rheumatic diseases in COVID-19 pandemic' by Fragoulis et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Schulze-Koops, Hendrik", "Krueger, Klaus", "Specker, Christof"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475833", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417117, "pmcid": "PMC7184003", "title": "[COVID19-Tracker: a shiny app to analise data on SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Spain].", "journal": "Gac Sanit", "authors": ["Valls, Joan", "Tobias, Aurelio", "Satorra, Pau", "Tebe, Cristian"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417117", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data visualization is an important tool for exploring and communicating findings in medical research, and specially in epidemiological surveillance. The COVID19-Tracker web application systematically produces daily updated data visualization and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Spain. It collects automatically daily data on COVID-19 diagnosed cases and mortality, from February 24th, 2020 onwards. Three applications have already been developed: 1) to analyze data trends and estimating short-term projections; 2) to estimate the case fatality rate; and 3) to assess the effect of the lockdowns on the data trends. The application may help for a better understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic data in Spain."}, {"pmid": 32314551, "title": "Transplant programs during COVID-19: Unintended consequences for health inequality.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Sharma, Shivani", "Lawrence, Christopher", "Giovinazzo, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314551", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277351, "pmcid": "PMC7147535", "title": "Managing Cutaneous Immune-Mediated Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Clin Dermatol", "authors": ["Torres, Tiago", "Puig, Luis"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277351", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a clinical syndrome caused by a novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\u00a0(SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide and has been shown to have a wide spectrum of severity. COVID-19 has become a public health emergency of relevant international concern, and it was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe cases involves the host response as an important contributor to the disease process and tissue damage, mainly due to dysregulated and excessive innate immune responses. The primary immune response leads to viral clearance in the majority of cases. However, in a subgroup of patients, the secondary immune response may be exaggerated, leading to inflammatory-induced lung injury and other complications including pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, shock, organ failure, and potentially death. Several cutaneous immune-mediated diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and hidradenitis suppurativa, are therapeutically managed with biologic and non-biologic immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs. The outbreak of COVID-19 affects the management of these chronic conditions, not only for those who are already receiving treatment but also for those who are about to start a new treatment to control their disease. In this article, the management of cutaneous immune-mediated diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic is discussed."}, {"pmid": 32462467, "pmcid": "PMC7250736", "title": "Covid-19 and Kawasaki Disease: A Glimpse at the Past for a Predictable Future.", "journal": "Pediatr Cardiol", "authors": ["Calabri, Giovanni Battista", "Formigari, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462467", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373620, "pmcid": "PMC7187779", "title": "Is Pakistan's Response to Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Adequate to Prevent an Outbreak?", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Javed, Bilal", "Sarwer, Abdullah", "Soto, Erik B", "Mashwani, Zia-Ur-Rehman"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373620", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345328, "pmcid": "PMC7186321", "title": "Analysis of the susceptibility of lung cancer patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Mol Cancer", "authors": ["Kong, Qi", "Xiang, Zhiguang", "Wu, Yue", "Gu, Yu", "Guo, Jianguo", "Geng, Fei"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345328", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent studies have reported that COVID-19 patients with lung cancer have a higher risk of severe events than patients without cancer. In this study, we investigated the gene expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) with prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Lung cancer patients in each age stage, subtype, and pathological stage are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, except for the primitive subtype of LUSC. LUAD patients are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than LUSC patients. The findings are unanimous on tissue expression in gene and protein levels."}, {"pmid": 32088947, "title": "[Consideration on the strategies during epidemic stage changing from emergency response to continuous prevention and control].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088947", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499320, "title": "COVID-19 and Its Impact on Nuclear Medicine.", "journal": "J Nucl Med Technol", "authors": ["Thomas, Kathy S"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499320", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427684, "pmcid": "PMC7273940", "title": "Preparation in the Big Apple: New York City, a New Epicenter of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Gross, Seth A", "Robbins, David H", "Greenwald, David A", "Schnoll-Sussman, Felice H", "Pochapin, Mark B"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427684", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376725, "title": "Co-infection and Other Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Children.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Wu, Qin", "Xing, Yuhan", "Shi, Lei", "Li, Wenjie", "Gao, Yang", "Pan, Silin", "Wang, Ying", "Wang, Wendi", "Xing, Quansheng"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376725", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified pathogen that mainly spreads by droplets. Most published studies have been focused on adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but data concerning pediatric patients are limited. In this study, we aimed to determine epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of pediatric patients with COVID-19. We reviewed and analyzed data on pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, including basic information, epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiologic findings, treatment, outcome, and follow-up results. A total of 74 pediatric patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. Of the 68 case patients whose epidemiological data were complete, 65 (65 of 68; 95.59%) were household contacts of adults. Cough (32.43%) and fever (27.03%) were the predominant symptoms of 44 (59.46%) symptomatic patients at onset of the illness. Abnormalities in leukocyte count were found in 23 (31.08%) children, and 10 (13.51%) children presented with abnormal lymphocyte count. Of the 34 (45.95%) patients who had nucleic acid testing results for common respiratory pathogens, 19 (51.35%) showed coinfection with other pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2. Ten (13.51%) children had real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis for fecal specimens, and 8 of them showed prolonged existence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Pediatric patients with COVID-19 presented with distinct epidemiological, clinical, and radiologic characteristics from adult patients. Nearly one-half of the infected children had coinfection with other common respiratory pathogens. It is not uncommon for pediatric patients to have prolonged fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA during the convalescent phase."}, {"pmid": 32271368, "pmcid": "PMC7184372", "title": "Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for Covid-19 hospital admission.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lighter, Jennifer", "Phillips, Michael", "Hochman, Sarah", "Sterling, Stephanie", "Johnson, Diane", "Francois, Fritz", "Stachel, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271368", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359180, "pmcid": "PMC7267489", "title": "Pityriasis rosea as a cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Ehsani, Amir Hooshang", "Nasimi, Maryam", "Bigdelo, Zeinab"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359180", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411822, "pmcid": "PMC7213907", "title": "Tube thoracostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: guidance and recommendations from the AAST Acute Care Surgery and Critical Care Committees.", "journal": "Trauma Surg Acute Care Open", "authors": ["Pieracci, Fredric M", "Burlew, Clay Cothren", "Spain, David", "Livingston, David H", "Bulger, Eileen M", "Davis, Kimberly A", "Michetti, Christopher"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411822", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This document provides guidance for trauma and acute care surgeons surrounding the placement, management and removal of chest tubes during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32491980, "title": "The effects of the COVID-19 virus on mental healthcare for older people in The Netherlands.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Gerritsen, Debby L", "Oude Voshaar, Richard C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491980", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496103, "title": "The role of digital mental health resources to treat trauma symptoms in australia during COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Marshall, Jamie M", "Dunstan, Debra A", "Bartik, Warren"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496103", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Demand for telehealth services with psychologists and other health professionals has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and as a result some members of the community are unable to access face-to-face assistance for trauma-related mental health issues. This has led to an increase in usage of alternative digital mental health options such as smartphone apps and other Internet-enabled assistance. The Australian Federal Government has promoted digital mental health options for many years, and it has a comprehensive architecture of digital resources in place, but will it be enough to deal with the expected rise in symptoms of trauma among the general population in the wake of COVID-19? (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32346156, "title": "Coronavirus diaries: school's out forever.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tregoning, John"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346156", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226821, "pmcid": "PMC7094090", "title": "Research and Development on Therapeutic Agents and Vaccines for COVID-19 and Related Human Coronavirus Diseases.", "journal": "ACS Cent Sci", "authors": ["Liu, Cynthia", "Zhou, Qiongqiong", "Li, Yingzhu", "Garner, Linda V", "Watkins, Steve P", "Carter, Linda J", "Smoot, Jeffrey", "Gregg, Anne C", "Daniels, Angela D", "Jervey, Susan", "Albaiu, Dana"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226821", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208493, "title": "Recommendations for the admission of patients with COVID-19 to intensive care and intermediate care units (ICUs and IMCUs).", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Swiss Society Of Intensive Care Medicine"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208493", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32186952, "pmcid": "PMC7103671", "title": "COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: advances and prospects in designing and developing vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and therapeutics.", "journal": "Hum Vaccin Immunother", "authors": ["Dhama, Kuldeep", "Sharun, Khan", "Tiwari, Ruchi", "Dadar, Maryam", "Malik, Yashpal Singh", "Singh, Karam Pal", "Chaicumpa, Wanpen"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32186952", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19 or Coronavirus disease 2019) that emerged from Wuhan, Hubei province of China has spread to many countries worldwide. Efforts have been made to develop vaccines against human coronavirus (CoV) infections such as MERS and SARS in the past decades. However, to date, no licensed antiviral treatment or vaccine exists for MERS and SARS. Most of the efforts for developing CoV vaccines and drugs target the spike glycoprotein or S protein, the major inducer of neutralizing antibodies. Although a few candidates have shown efficacy in in vitro studies, not many have progressed to randomized animal or human trials, hence may have limited use to counter COVID-19 infection. This article highlights ongoing advances in designing vaccines and therapeutics to counter COVID-19 while also focusing on such experiences and advances as made with earlier SARS- and MERS-CoVs, which together could enable efforts to halt this emerging virus infection."}, {"pmid": 32371458, "title": "Train and deploy a community level public health workforce to combat covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Redgrave, Paul", "Miller, Joan", "Czauderna, Jack", "Heller, Tom", "Tomson, Mike", "Jones, Bing", "Wight, Jeremy"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371458", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32139521, "title": "Can China's COVID-19 strategy work elsewhere?", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Kupferschmidt, Kai", "Cohen, Jon"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32139521", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305344, "pmcid": "PMC7161514", "title": "Resource-sparing urgent endoscopies by a mobile on-call team in the Paris area during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Camus, Marine", "Becq, Aymeric", "Jais, Benedicte", "Dray, Xavier"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305344", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278081, "pmcid": "PMC7141623", "title": "Association of COVID-19 with pregnancy outcomes in health-care workers and general women.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Khan, S", "Jun, L", "Nawsherwan", "Siddique, R", "Li, Y", "Han, G", "Xue, M", "Nabi, G", "Liu, J"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278081", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380024, "pmcid": "PMC7198186", "title": "A 5-point strategy for improved connection with relatives of critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Azoulay, Elie", "Kentish-Barnes, Nancy"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380024", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294322, "pmcid": "PMC7262201", "title": "Does Coronavirus Disease 2019 Disprove the Obesity Paradox in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Jose, Ricardo J", "Manuel, Ari"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294322", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250394, "pmcid": "PMC7136853", "title": "Sample Pooling as a Strategy to Detect Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Hogan, Catherine A", "Sahoo, Malaya K", "Pinsky, Benjamin A"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250394", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421089, "pmcid": "PMC7224115", "title": "Stopping Covid-19: A pandemic-management service value chain approach.", "journal": "Ann Oper Res", "authors": ["Baveja, Alok", "Kapoor, Ajai", "Melamed, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421089", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A logical strategy to contain the Covid-19 pandemic is to completely isolate everyone for 2\u00a0weeks (the incubation period of the virus). However, such a strategy can have prohibitive economic and social costs and, therefore, will be difficult to implement. At the same time, the current situation is leading to an expanding humanitarian, health and economic crisis. Based on principles of the Theory of Constraints, we propose in this article the \"Shutting-down Transmission Of Pandemic\" (STOP Covid-19) plan that would reliably contain the pandemic, mitigate its economic consequences, and boost societal confidence. This plan requires the implementation of four strategies over 90\u00a0days: (a) stop all international, domestic passenger air and intercity bus/train travel; (b) create administrative zones of about 1 million people; (c) stop all non-emergency cross-zonal travel except for transportation of goods, and (d) deploy an information-driven service value chain to control the spread of the pandemic within a zone."}, {"pmid": 32354990, "pmcid": "PMC7242872", "title": "Outcomes of COVID-19 in 79 patients with IBD in Italy: an IG-IBD study.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Bezzio, Cristina", "Saibeni, Simone", "Variola, Angela", "Allocca, Mariangela", "Massari, Alessandro", "Gerardi, Viviana", "Casini, Valentina", "Ricci, Chiara", "Zingone, Fabiana", "Amato, Arnaldo", "Caprioli, Flavio", "Lenti, Marco Vincenzo", "Vigano, Chiara", "Ascolani, Marta", "Bossa, Fabrizio", "Castiglione, Fabiana", "Cortelezzi, Claudio", "Grossi, Laurino", "Milla, Monica", "Morganti, Daniela", "Pastorelli, Luca", "Ribaldone, Davide Giuseppe", "Sartini, Alessandro", "Soriano, Alessandra", "Manes, Gianpiero", "Danese, Silvio", "Fantini, Massimo", "Armuzzi, Alessandro", "Daperno, Marco", "Fiorino, Gionata"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354990", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has rapidly become a major health emergency worldwide. Patients with IBD are at increased risk of infection, especially when they have active disease and are taking immunosuppressive therapy. The characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with IBD remain unclear. This Italian prospective observational cohort study enrolled consecutive patients with an established IBD diagnosis and confirmed COVID-19. Data regarding age, sex, IBD (type, treatments and clinical activity), other comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)), signs and symptoms of COVID-19 and therapies were compared with COVID-19 outcomes (pneumonia, hospitalisation, respiratory therapy and death). Between 11 and 29 March 2020, 79 patients with IBD with COVID-19 were enrolled at 24 IBD referral units. Thirty-six patients had COVID-19-related pneumonia (46%), 22 (28%) were hospitalised, 7 (9%) required non-mechanical ventilation, 9 (11%) required continuous positive airway pressure therapy, 2 (3%) had endotracheal intubation and 6 (8%) died. Four patients (6%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 while they were being hospitalised for a severe flare of IBD. Age over 65 years (p=0.03), UC diagnosis (p=0.03), IBD activity (p=0.003) and a CCI score >1 (p=0.04) were significantly associated with COVID-19 pneumonia, whereas concomitant IBD treatments were not. Age over 65 years (p=0.002), active IBD (p=0.02) and higher CCI score were significantly associated with COVID-19-related death. Active IBD, old age and comorbidities were associated with a negative COVID-19 outcome, whereas IBD treatments were not. Preventing acute IBD flares may avoid fatal COVID-19 in patients with IBD. Further research is needed."}, {"pmid": 32463395, "title": "The involvement of the central nervous system in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Neurosci", "authors": ["Saleki, Kiarash", "Banazadeh, Mohammad", "Saghazadeh, Amene", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463395", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses disease (COVID-19) has caused major outbreaks. A novel variant, SARS-CoV-2, is responsible for COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical presentations and pathological mechanisms of COVID-19 are broad. The respiratory aspect of the disease has been extensively researched. Emerging studies point out the possibility of the central nervous system (CNS) involvement by COVID-19. Here, we discuss the current evidence for CNS involvement in COVID-19 and highlight that the high pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 might be due to its neuroinvasive potential."}, {"pmid": 32277578, "pmcid": "PMC7262128", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic and mental health impacts.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Usher, Kim", "Durkin, Joanne", "Bhullar, Navjot"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277578", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503605, "pmcid": "PMC7274511", "title": "How COVID-19 pandemic changed our communication with families: losing nonverbal cues.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Marra, Annachiara", "Buonanno, Pasquale", "Vargas, Maria", "Iacovazzo, Carmine", "Ely, Eugene Wesley", "Servillo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503605", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474135, "pmcid": "PMC7255720", "title": "Management of Cardiovascular Disease During Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Trends Cardiovasc Med", "authors": ["Ganatra, Sarju", "Dani, Sourbha S", "Shah, Sachin", "Asnani, Aarti", "Neilan, Tomas G", "Lenihan, Daniel", "Ky, Bonnie", "Barac, Ana", "Hayek, Salim S", "Leja, Monika", "Herrmann, Joerg", "Thavendiranathan, Paaladinesh", "Fradley, Michael", "Bang, Vigyan", "Shreyder, Katherine", "Parikh, Rohan", "Patel, Rushin", "Singh, Amitoj", "Brar, Simarjeet", "Guha, Avirup", "Gupta, Dipti", "Mascari, Paolo", "Patten, Richard D", "Venesy, David M", "Nohria, Anju", "Resnic, Frederic S"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474135", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and risk factors are more likely to experience adverse outcomes associated with the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Additionally, consistent reports of cardiac injury and de novo cardiac complications, including possible myocarditis, arrhythmia, and heart failure in patients without prior cardiovascular disease or significant risk factors, are emerging, possibly due to an accentuated host immune response and cytokine release syndrome. As the spread of the virus increases exponentially, many patients will require medical care either for COVID-19 related or traditional cardiovascular issues. While the COVID-19 pandemic is dominating the attention of the healthcare system, there is an unmet need for a standardized approach to deal with COVID-19 associated and other traditional cardiovascular issues during this period. We provide consensus guidance for the management of various cardiovascular conditions during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic with the goal of providing the best care to all patients and minimizing the risk of exposure to frontline healthcare workers."}, {"pmid": 32276196, "pmcid": "PMC7195354", "title": "Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Lu, Wen", "Wang, Hang", "Lin, Yuxing", "Li, Li"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276196", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has burdened an unprecedented psychological stress on people around the world, especially\u00a0the medical workforce. The study focuses on assess the psychological status of them. The authors conducted a single-center, cross-sectional survey via online questionnaires. Occurrence of fear, anxiety and depression were measured by the numeric rating scale (NRS) on fear, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), respectively. A total of 2299 eligible participants were enrolled from the authors' institution, including 2042 medical staff and 257 administrative staff. The severity of fear, anxiety and depression were significantly different between two groups. Furthermore, as compared to the non-clinical staff, front line medical staff with close contact with infected patients, including working in the departments of respiratory,\u00a0emergency,\u00a0infectious disease, and ICU, showed higher scores on fear scale, HAMA and HAMD, and they were 1.4 times more likely to feel fear, twice more likely to suffer anxiety and depression. The medical staff especially working in above-mentioned departments made them more susceptible to psychological disorders. Effective strategies toward to improving the mental health should be provided to these individuals."}, {"pmid": 32380510, "title": "Isolation of SARS-CoV-2-related coronavirus from Malayan pangolins.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Xiao, Kangpeng", "Zhai, Junqiong", "Feng, Yaoyu", "Zhou, Niu", "Zhang, Xu", "Zou, Jie-Jian", "Li, Na", "Guo, Yaqiong", "Li, Xiaobing", "Shen, Xuejuan", "Zhang, Zhipeng", "Shu, Fanfan", "Huang, Wanyi", "Li, Yu", "Zhang, Ziding", "Chen, Rui-Ai", "Wu, Ya-Jiang", "Peng, Shi-Ming", "Huang, Mian", "Xie, Wei-Jun", "Cai, Qin-Hui", "Hou, Fang-Hui", "Chen, Wu", "Xiao, Lihua", "Shen, Yongyi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380510", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of COVID-19 poses unprecedented challenges to global health1. The new coronavirus responsible for this outbreak-SARS-CoV-2-shares high sequence identity to SARS-CoV and a bat coronavirus, RaTG132. Although bats may be the reservoir host for a variety of coronaviruses3,4, it remains unknown whether SARS-CoV-2 has additional host species. Here we show that a coronavirus, which we name pangolin-CoV, isolated from a Malayan pangolin has 100%, 98.6%, 97.8% and 90.7% amino acid identity with SARS-CoV-2 in the E, M, N and S\u00a0proteins, respectively. In particular, the receptor-binding domain of the S\u00a0protein of pangolin-CoV is almost identical to that of SARS-CoV-2, with one difference in a noncritical amino acid. Our comparative genomic analysis suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may have originated in the recombination of a virus similar to pangolin-CoV with one similar to RaTG13. Pangolin-CoV was detected in 17 out of the 25\u00a0Malayan pangolins that we analysed. Infected pangolins showed clinical signs and histological changes, and circulating antibodies against pangolin-CoV reacted with the S\u00a0protein of SARS-CoV-2. The isolation of a coronavirus from pangolins that is closely related to SARS-CoV-2 suggests that these animals have the potential to act as an intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2. This newly identified coronavirus from pangolins-the most-trafficked mammal in the illegal wildlife trade-could represent a future threat to public health if wildlife trade is not effectively controlled."}, {"pmid": 32317499, "title": "A tribute to frontline corona warriors--Doctors who sacrificed their life while saving patients during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Pandey, Suresh K", "Sharma, Vidushi"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317499", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467049, "pmcid": "PMC7248632", "title": "Enhanced Draping for Airway Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Wolter, Nikolaus E", "Matava, Clyde T", "Papsin, Blake C", "Oloya, Alice", "Mercier, Marie-Eve", "Salonga, Eloisa", "Propst, Evan J"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467049", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398560, "title": "COVID-19 Non-Essential Surgery Restrictions and Spine Surgery: A German Experience.", "journal": "Spine (Phila Pa 1976)", "authors": ["Mehta, Ankit I", "Chiu, Ryan G"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398560", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450096, "pmcid": "PMC7243762", "title": "Recommendations for Medical Student Preparedness and Equity for Dermatology Residency Applications During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Stewart, Claire R", "Chernoff, Karen A", "Wildman, Horatio F", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450096", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327741, "pmcid": "PMC7178920", "title": "How the andrological sector suffered from the dramatic Covid 19 outbreak in Italy: supportive initiatives of the Italian Association of Andrology (SIA).", "journal": "Int J Impot Res", "authors": ["Rizzo, Michele", "Liguori, Giovanni", "Verze, Paolo", "Palumbo, Fabrizio", "Cai, Tommaso", "Palmieri, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327741", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464102, "pmcid": "PMC7247784", "title": "Health care for chronic neurological patients after COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Neurol", "authors": ["Antonini, Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464102", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212931, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Making Sense of Rumor and Fear.", "journal": "Med Anthropol", "authors": ["Ali, Inayat"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212931", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203363, "title": "South Korea is reporting intimate details of COVID-19 cases: has it helped?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Zastrow, Mark"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203363", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531002, "title": "Pancreatic involvement in SARS-CoV-2: case report and living review.", "journal": "J Gastrointestin Liver Dis", "authors": ["Pinte, Larisa", "Baicus, Cristian"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531002", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340096, "title": "[Preliminary clinical study of direct renin inhibitor aliskiren in the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with hypertension].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Guo, Y", "Zeng, J", "Li, Q", "Li, P", "Luo, F M", "Zhang, W Z", "Lu, Y X", "Wang, Q", "Zhang, W", "Zeng, Z P", "Liu, L S"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340096", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To explore the feasibility of direct renin inhibitor aliskiren for the treatment of severe patients of COVID-19 with hypertension. Methods: A retrospective case analysis of effectiveness and safety of aliskiren treatment to lower blood pressure in three severe and one critically ill patients of COVID-19 with hypertension. Results: Four patients, two males and two females, with an average age of 78 years (66-87 years), were referred to hospital mainly because of respiratory symptoms. Three cases were confirmed by 2019-nCoV nucleic acid and antibody detection (severe type), and one with cardiac insufficiency was clinically determined (critically ill type). The previous diagnosis of hypertension was clear. Two patients took calcium channel antagonist (CCB), one patient took angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), and one patient took angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB). After admission, ACEI or ARB were discontinued, one patient with heart failure patient was treated by aliskiren combined with diuretic; 3 patients were treated with aliskiren combined with CCB. Two patients were stopped to use CCB due to low blood pressure after 1 to 2 weeks of using CCB and aliskiren. On the basis of comprehensive therapy combined with antiviral and oxygenation treatment, aliskiren antihypertensive treatment was taken for three to four weeks. The blood pressure control of four patients was satisfactory and there was no complaint of discomfort. The condition improved, and all patients had reached the discharge standard and were discharged. Conclusion: Our preliminary clinical data shows that aliskiren's antihypertensive therapy is effective and safe for severe COVID-19 patients complicated with hypertension. Further clinical aliskiren therapy study is required with more COVID-19 patients.."}, {"pmid": 32513784, "title": "The potential impact of COVID-19-related disruption on tuberculosis burden.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["McQuaid, C Finn", "McCreesh, Nicky", "Read, Jonathan M", "Sumner, Tom", "Houben, Rein M G J", "White, Richard G", "Harris, Rebecca C"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513784", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299723, "pmcid": "PMC7144663", "title": "Considerations for the Treatment of Oesophageal Cancer With Radiotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Jones, C M", "Hawkins, M", "Mukherjee, S", "Radhakrishna, G", "Crosby, T"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299723", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382166, "pmcid": "PMC7204193", "title": "Significant Applications of Big Data in COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Orthop", "authors": ["Haleem, Abid", "Javaid, Mohd", "Khan, Ibrahim Haleem", "Vaishya, Raju"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382166", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341944, "pmcid": "PMC7183933", "title": "Cutaneous manifestations in the current pandemic of coronavirus infection disease (COVID 2019).", "journal": "An Pediatr (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Morey-Olive, Miriam", "Espiau, Maria", "Mercadal-Hally, Maria", "Lera-Carballo, Esther", "Garcia-Patos, Vicenc"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341944", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473068, "title": "Profile and quality of published reviews on COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Pericas, Juan M", "Torrallardona-Murphy, Orla", "Arenas, Andrea", "Valero, Helena", "Nicolas, David"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473068", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has created the necessity to rapidly generate evidence to enlighten many blind spots encompassing the pandemic, from pathophysiology to management. Scientific journals have timely responded to this challenge by prioritizing COVID-19 research, with proactive editorial efforts favoring open-access to articles, launching calls for papers, implementing specific sections and special issues on COVID-19, among others. However, the impact of all these measures on the overall quality and adequacy of research are largely unknown and several authors have shown concern in this regard."}, {"pmid": 32437765, "pmcid": "PMC7207116", "title": "Autophagy inhibition by chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine could adversely affect acute kidney injury and other organ injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Edelstein, Charles L", "Venkatachalam, Manjeri A", "Dong, Zheng"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437765", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398410, "title": "Orthopaedic Systems Response to and Return from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for Future Crisis Management.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Navarro, Ronald A", "Reddy, Nithin C", "Weiss, Jennifer M", "Yates, Adolph J Jr", "Fu, Freddie H", "McKee, Michael", "Lederman, Evan S"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398410", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become the dominant health-care issue of this generation and has reached every corner of the health-care delivery spectrum. Our 3 orthopaedic departments enacted a response to the COVID-19 pandemic within our organizations. We discuss our health-care systems' response to the outbreak and offer discussion for the recovery of the orthopaedic service line within large health-care systems."}, {"pmid": 32458599, "title": "[Pharmacological characteristics of chloroquine and suggestions for its use in treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Gao, Q"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458599", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China by the end of 2019, and then, the disease spread across China and became a global pandemic. Nevertheless, there are no effective treatments or vaccines for COVID-19 until now. In addition to the treatment of patients with COVID-19, the China Medical Treatment Expert Group for COVID-19 is active to study and screen effective antiviral drugs, and has found that chloroquine, an old antimalarial,shows activity against SARS-CoV-2. Then, chloroquine was included in the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 in China (version 6) issued by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Currently, chloroquine phosphate and hydroxychloroquine sulfate, two chloroquine derivatives, are under clinical use. Although these two agents exhibit similar mechanisms of drug actions, there is a difference between these two chemicals in terms of target populations, therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions. This paper summarizes the currently available data and experiences from clinical treatment for malaria with chloroquine drugs, so as to provide insights into the more rational use of chloroquine agents for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32025790, "pmcid": "PMC7075276", "title": "Imaging changes in patients with 2019-nCov.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Pan, Yueying", "Guan, Hanxiong"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32025790", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516655, "title": "Pulmonary delivery of nanostructured lipid carriers for effective repurposing of salinomycin as an antiviral agent.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Pindiprolu, Sai Kiran S S", "Kumar, Chirravuri S Phani", "Kumar Golla, Venu Sampath", "P, Likitha", "K, Shreyas Chandra", "S K, Esub Basha", "R K, Ramachandra"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516655", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease outbreak caused a severe public health burden all over the world. Salinomycin (SAL) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that had drawn attention in selective targeting of cancer and viral infections. Recent drug screen identified SAL as a potent antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2. In this hypothesis, we discuss the potential of pulmonary delivery of SAL using nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32450133, "pmcid": "PMC7236662", "title": "Together-Apart During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Inclusion in the Time of Social Distancing.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Planz, Virginia B", "Spalluto, Lucy B", "Savoie, Brent", "Bradshaw, Marques", "Motuzas, Cari", "Block, John J", "Omary, Reed A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450133", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416154, "pmcid": "PMC7228711", "title": "Management of Gynecology Patients during COVID-19 Pandemic: Chinese Expert Consensus.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Qiu, Lin", "Morse, Abraham", "Di, Wen", "Song, Lei", "Kong, Beihua", "Wang, Zehua", "Lang, Jinghe", "Chai, Wenzhao", "Zhu, Lan"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416154", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a major epidemic threat in China and later spread worldwide. During the COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China, the Chinese Obstetricians and Gynecologists Association (COGA) distributed guidelines regarding care of gynecologic patients. These guidelines were developed by the Obstetrics and Gynecology department at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and represent an effort to integrate infection control strategy and promote professionalism in medical practice. The guidelines represent collaboration with experts from 31 provinces and autonomous regions of mainland China over 2 weeks' time. With the implementation of these guidelines no nosocomial infections of COVID-19 have been identified at PUMCH. We think these guidelines might be helpful to departments of obstetrics and gynecology internationally during these unprecedented times. In our guidelines, we describe basic infection precaution principles, an epidemiologic screening tool, prioritization of surgical procedures, and operating room requirements. Using these principles, we then review management of gynecologic patients during the COVID-19 epidemic in the outpatient and operative and non-operative inpatient settings, as well as in clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32528128, "title": "Bat-borne virus diversity, spillover and emergence.", "journal": "Nat Rev Microbiol", "authors": ["Letko, Michael", "Seifert, Stephanie N", "Olival, Kevin J", "Plowright, Raina K", "Munster, Vincent J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528128", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most viral pathogens in humans have animal origins and arose through cross-species transmission. Over the past 50 years, several viruses, including Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Nipah virus, Hendra virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2, have been linked back to various bat species. Despite decades of research into bats and the pathogens they carry, the fields of bat virus ecology and molecular biology are still nascent, with many questions largely unexplored, thus hindering our ability to anticipate and prepare for the next viral outbreak. In this Review, we discuss the latest advancements and understanding of bat-borne viruses, reflecting on current knowledge gaps and outlining the potential routes for future research as well as for outbreak response and prevention efforts."}, {"pmid": 32279934, "pmcid": "PMC7146651", "title": "Anesthesia Management and Perioperative Infection Control in Patients With the Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Li, Weixia", "Huang, Jiapeng", "Guo, Xiangyang", "Zhao, Jing", "Mandell, M Susan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279934", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Anesthesiologists have a high risk of infection with COVID-19 during perioperative care and as first responders to airway emergencies. The potential of becoming infected can be reduced by a systematic and integrated approach that assesses infection risk. The latter leads to an acceptable choice of materials and techniques for personal protection and prevention of cross-contamination to other patients and staff. The authors have presented a protocolized approach that uses diagnostic criteria to clearly define benchmarks from the medical history along with clinical symptoms and laboratory tests. Patients can then be rapidly assigned into 1 of 3 risk categories that direct the choice of protective materials and/or techniques. Each hospital can adapt this approach to develop a system that fits its individual resources. Educating medical staff about the proper use of high-risk areas for containment serves to protect staff and patients."}, {"pmid": 32305591, "pmcid": "PMC7161523", "title": "Treating hypoxemic patients with SARS-COV-2 pneumonia: Back to applied physiology.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Bendjelid, Karim", "Raphae, Giraud"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305591", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437313, "title": "Imaging in Neurological Disease of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: An Italian Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Mahammedi, Abdelkader", "Saba, Luca", "Vagal, Achala", "Leali, Michela", "Rossi, Andrea", "Gaskill, Mary", "Sengupta, Soma", "Zhang, Bin", "Carriero, Alessandro", "Bachir, Suha", "Crivelli, Paola", "Pasche, Alessio", "Premi, Enrico", "Padovani, Alessandro", "Gasparotti, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437313", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469258, "title": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Human Retinal Biopsies of Deceased COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Ocul Immunol Inflamm", "authors": ["Casagrande, Maria", "Fitzek, Antonia", "Puschel, Klaus", "Aleshcheva, Ganna", "Schultheiss, Heinz-Peter", "Berneking, Laura", "Spitzer, Martin S", "Schultheiss, Maximilian"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469258", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report the presence of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in human retina in deceased patients with confirmed novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fourteen eyes of 14 deceased patients with confirmed COVID-19 disease were enucleated during autopsy. A sample of human retina was secured and fixed in RNAlater\u2122. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect three different viral RNA sequences (RdRp-gene, E-gene and Orf1 gene) of SARS-CoV-2. In three out of 14 eyes SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was detected in the retina of deceased COVID-19 patients. As analysis for three different sequences (RdRp-gene, E-gene and Orf1 gene) revealed positive results in RT-PCR, the existence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in human retina is proven according to the standards of the World-Health-Organization. Viral RNA of SARS-CoV-2 is detectable in the retina of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32302561, "pmcid": "PMC7161511", "title": "COVID-19: Navigating Uncertainties Together.", "journal": "Cell", "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302561", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278860, "pmcid": "PMC7131249", "title": "Immunosuppression during the COVID-19 pandemic in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders patients: A new challenge.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Carnero Contentti, Edgar", "Correa, Jorge"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278860", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373061, "pmcid": "PMC7186326", "title": "Triage of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Confirmed COVID-19: Large Vessel Occlusion Associated With Coronavirus Infection.", "journal": "Front Neurol", "authors": ["Moshayedi, Pouria", "Ryan, Timothy E", "Mejia, Lucido Luciano Ponce", "Nour, May", "Liebeskind, David S"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373061", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has posed a significant challenge to global healthcare. Acute stroke care requires rapid bedside attendance, imaging, and intervention. However, for acute stroke patients who have a diagnosis of or are under investigation for COVID-19, the concern for nosocomial transmission moderates operational procedures for acute stroke care. We present our experience with an in-hospital stroke code called on a COVID-19-positive patient with a left middle cerebral artery syndrome and the challenges faced for timely examination, imaging, and decision to intervene. The outlook for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic necessitates the development of protocols to sustain timely and effective acute stroke care while mitigating healthcare-associated transmission."}, {"pmid": 32259191, "pmcid": "PMC7151353", "title": "Fighting COVID-19: Enabling Graduating Students to Start Internship Early at Their Own Medical School.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["DeWitt, Dawn E"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259191", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303574, "title": "Mission command: applying principles of military leadership to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) crisis.", "journal": "BMJ Mil Health", "authors": ["Pearce, A Phill", "Naumann, D N", "O'Reilly, D"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349055, "pmcid": "PMC7253049", "title": "Is COVID Evolution Due to Occurrence of Pulmonary Vascular Thrombosis?", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Saba, Luca", "Sverzellati, Nicola"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349055", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this hypothesis paper, we suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may induce intravascular pulmonary thrombosis, which may result in the rapid worsening of clinical conditions and, eventually, exitus. Previously published papers have demonstrated that increased levels of D-dimer at hospital admission correlate with a more severe disease (0.5\u2009mg/L) or occurrence of death (1\u2009mg/L). The potential prothrombotic action of the SARS-CoV-2 is supported by the topographical involvement of the lung regions with a predilection for the lower lobe with peripheral involvement. If this hypothesis is demonstrated, this could suggest the benefit of using antithrombotic/coagulation regimens for SARS-CoV-2 and, at the same time, the urgency to identify drugs that could alter the inflammatory storm, thus protecting the vessel wall."}, {"pmid": 32391911, "pmcid": "PMC7239263", "title": "Safety for all: coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and cardiac surgery: a roadmap to 'phase' 2.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiothorac Surg", "authors": ["Parolari, Alessandro", "di Mauro, Michele", "Bonalumi, Giorgia", "Barili, Fabio", "Garatti, Andrea", "Carretta, Giovanni", "Donato, Daniele", "Pagano, Domenico", "Gerosa, Gino"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434634, "title": "[Clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children aged <18 years in Jiangxi, China: an analysis of 23 cases].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wu, Hua-Ping", "Li, Bing-Fei", "Chen, Xiao", "Hu, Hua-Zhu", "Jiang, Shu-Ai", "Cheng, Hao", "Hu, Xin-He", "Tang, Jian-Xin", "Zhong, Fu-Chu", "Zeng, Ling-Wen", "Yu, Wei", "Yuan, Yan", "Wu, Xian-Fei", "Li, Yu-Ping", "Zheng, Zong-Li", "Pan, Tian-Bo", "Wu, Zhi-Xing", "Yuan, Jin-Feng", "Chen, Qiang"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434634", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children aged <18 years. A retrospective analysis was performed from the medical data of 23 children, aged from 3 months to 17 years and 8 months, who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in Jiangxi, China from January 21 to February 29, 2020. Of the 23 children with COVID-19, 17 had family aggregation. Three children (13%) had asymptomatic infection, 6 (26%) had mild type, and 14 (61%) had common type. Among these 23 children, 16 (70%) had fever, 11 (48%) had cough, 8 (35%) had fever and cough, and 8 (35%) had wet rales in the lungs. The period from disease onset or the first nucleic acid-positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 to the virus nucleic acid negative conversion was 6-24 days (median 12 days). Of the 23 children, 3 had a reduction in total leukocyte count, 2 had a reduction in lymphocytes, 2 had an increase in C-reactive protein, and 2 had an increase in D-dimer. Abnormal pulmonary CT findings were observed in 12 children, among whom 9 had patchy ground-glass opacities in both lungs. All 23 children received antiviral therapy and were recovered. COVID-19 in children aged <18 years often occurs with family aggregation, with no specific clinical manifestation and laboratory examination results. Most of these children have mild symptoms and a good prognosis. Epidemiological history is of particular importance in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in children aged <18 years."}, {"pmid": 32417709, "pmcid": "PMC7215143", "title": "Mechanism of inflammatory response in associated comorbidities in COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["de Lucena, Thays Maria Costa", "da Silva Santos, Ariane Fernandes", "de Lima, Brenda Regina", "de Albuquerque Borborema, Maria Eduarda", "de Azevedo Silva, Jaqueline"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417709", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causes a respiratory disease and individuals with pre-existing cardiometabolic disorders display worse prognosis through the infection course. The aim of this minireview is to present epidemiological data related to metabolic comorbidities in association with the SARS-CoV-2. This is a narrative mini-review with Pubmed search until April 23, 2020 using the keywords COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, treatment of coronavirus and following terms: diabetes mellitus, obesity, arterial hypertension, ACE-inhibitors, cytokine storm, immune response and vitamin D. Studies indicate that obese individuals are more likely to develop infections, and that adipose tissue serves as a pathogen reservoir. In diabetic individuals higher rate of inflammatory processes is seen due to constant glucose recognition by C type lectin receptors. Hypertensive individuals, usually grouped with other conditions, are treated with drugs to reduce blood pressure mostly through ACEi and ARB, that leads to increased ACE2 expression, used by SARS-CoV-2 for human's cell entry. Until now, the studies have shown that individuals with those conditions and affected by COVID-19 present an uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an unbalanced immune response, leading to the cytokine storm phenomenon. Vitamin D is highlighted as a potential therapeutic target, because in addition to acting on the immune system, it plays an important role in the control of cardiometabolic diseases. Currently, since there is no proven and effective antiviral therapy for SARS-CoV-2, the efforts should focus on controlling inflammatory response and reduce the risks of associated complications."}, {"pmid": 32368570, "pmcid": "PMC7197250", "title": "The Indian perspective of COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Kaushik, Samander", "Kaushik, Sulochana", "Sharma, Yashika", "Kumar, Ramesh", "Yadav, Jaya Parkash"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368570", "countries": ["China", "India", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging infection of COVID-19 was initiated from Wuhan, China, have been spread to more than 210 countries around the globe including India. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are very similar to other respiratory viruses. The number of laboratory-confirmed cases and associated deaths are increasing regularly in various parts of the World. Seven coronaviruses (229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, SARS, MERS and, COVID-19) can naturally infect human beings. Out of these four (229E-CoV, NL63-CoV, OC43-CoV, HKU1-CoV) are responsible for mild upper respiratory infections, while SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19 are well known for their high mortality. Few mild strains of coronaviruses are circulating in India but there is no evidence of SARS and MERS outbreaks. The COVID-19 is an emerging viral infection responsible for pandemics. Fortunately, the mortality of COVID-19 is low as compared with SARS and MERS, the majority of its cases are recovered. The death toll of COVID-19 is high even after its low mortality because COVID-19 causes a pandemic while SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV cause epidemics only. COVID-19 influenced the large segments of the world population, which led to a public health emergency of international concern, putting all health organizations on high alert. COVID-19 is the first coronavirus after Spanish Flu 1918-1919, who has extremely influenced the health system, economy, and psychology of India. The present study review is on the general continent, virology, pathogenesis, global epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and control of COVID-19 with the reference to India."}, {"pmid": 32333757, "pmcid": "PMC7188126", "title": "When Past Isn't a Prologue: Adapting Informatics Practice During a Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Kannampallil, Thomas G", "Foraker, Randi E", "Lai, Albert M", "Woeltje, Keith F", "Payne, Philip R O"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data and information technology are key to every aspect of our response to the current COVID-19 pandemic-from how we diagnose patients and deliver care, to the development of predictive models of disease spread, to the management of personnel and equipment. The increasing engagement of informaticians at the forefront of these efforts has been a fundamental shift: from an academic to an operational role. However, the past history of informatics as a scientific domain and an area of applied practice provides little guidance or prologue for the incredible challenges that we are now tasked with performing. Building upon our recent experiences, we present four critical lessons-learned that have helped shape our scalable, data-driven response to COVID-19. We describe each of these lessons within the context of specific solutions and strategies we applied in addressing the challenges that we faced."}, {"pmid": 32320008, "pmcid": "PMC7177631", "title": "Alterations in Smell or Taste in Mildly Symptomatic Outpatients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Spinato, Giacomo", "Fabbris, Cristoforo", "Polesel, Jerry", "Cazzador, Diego", "Borsetto, Daniele", "Hopkins, Claire", "Boscolo-Rizzo, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320008", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432438, "title": "Do we need an \"ad Hoc\" informed consent for patients treated in the COVID-19 era? The risk of falling from heroes to zeros.", "journal": "Minerva Urol Nefrol", "authors": ["Gennari, Roberto", "Naspro, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432438", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329408, "pmcid": "PMC7212545", "title": "Discovery of potential multi-target-directed ligands by targeting host-specific SARS-CoV-2 structurally conserved main protease.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Joshi, Rakesh S", "Jagdale, Shounak S", "Bansode, Sneha B", "Shankar, S Shiva", "Tellis, Meenakshi B", "Pandya, Vaibhav Kumar", "Chugh, Anita", "Giri, Ashok P", "Kulkarni, Mahesh J"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329408", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Worldwide this disease has infected over 2.5 million individuals with a mortality rate ranging from 5 to 10%. There are several efforts going on in the drug discovery to control the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The main protease (MPro) plays a critical role in viral replication and maturation, thus can serve as the primary drug target. To understand the structural evolution of MPro, we have performed phylogenetic and Sequence Similarity Network analysis, that depicted divergence of Coronaviridae MPro in five clusters specific to viral hosts. This clustering was corroborated with the comparison of MPro structures. Furthermore, it has been observed that backbone and binding site conformations are conserved despite variation in some of the residues. These attributes can be exploited to repurpose available viral protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 MPro. In agreement with this, we performed screening of \u223c7100 molecules including active ingredients present in the Ayurvedic anti-tussive medicines, anti-viral phytochemicals and synthetic anti-virals against SARS-CoV-2 MPro as the primary target. We identified several natural molecules like \u03b4-viniferin, myricitrin, taiwanhomoflavone A, lactucopicrin 15-oxalate, nympholide A, afzelin, biorobin, hesperidin and phyllaemblicin B that strongly binds to SARS-CoV-2 MPro. Intrestingly, these molecules also showed strong binding with other potential targets of SARS-CoV-2 infection like viral receptor human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE-2) and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). We anticipate that our approach for identification of multi-target-directed ligand will provide new avenues for drug discovery against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32302387, "pmcid": "PMC7188151", "title": "Letter: Adaptation Under Fire: Two Harvard Neurosurgical Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Arnaout, Omar", "Patel, Aman", "Carter, Bob", "Chiocca, E Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302387", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459287, "pmcid": "PMC7254451", "title": "Association of Stay-at-Home Orders With COVID-19 Hospitalizations in 4 States.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Sen, Soumya", "Karaca-Mandic, Pinar", "Georgiou, Archelle"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459287", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339754, "pmcid": "PMC7194569", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic. Impact on Hysteroscopic Procedures: A Consensus Statement from the Global Congress of Hysteroscopy Scientific Committee.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Carugno, Jose", "Di Spiezio Sardo, Attilio", "Alonso, Luis", "Haimovich, Sergio", "Campo, Rudi", "De Angelis, Carlo", "Bradley, Linda", "Bettocchi, Stefano", "Arias, Alfonso", "Isaacson, Keith", "Okohue, Jude", "Farrugia, Martin", "Kumar, Alka", "Xue, Xiang", "Cavalcanti, Luiz", "Lagana, Antonio Simone", "Grimbizis, Grigoris"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358121, "title": "Ongoing TB testing during Covid-19 restrictions.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Biggs, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358121", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453010, "pmcid": "PMC7273959", "title": "Early Experience Managing a High-Volume Academic Orthopaedic Department During the Coronavirus Pandemic in New York City.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["Sharfman, Zachary T", "Loloi, Jeremy", "Krystal, Jonathan", "Fornari, Eric", "Levin, Paul", "Levy, I Martin", "Cobelli, Neil J", "Geller, David S", "Kim, Sun Jin"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453010", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our orthopaedic surgery department at Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, is located within the Bronx, a borough of New York City, and serves a densely-populated urban community. Since the beginning of the Coronavirus (COVID) outbreak in New York City the medical center was forced to rapidly adapt to the projected influx of critically ill patients. The aim of this report is to outline how our large academic orthopaedic surgery department adopted changes and alternative practices in response to the most daunting challenge to public health in our region in over a century. We hope that this report provides insight for others facing similar challenges."}, {"pmid": 32303732, "title": "Withholding funding from the World Health Organization is wrong and dangerous, and must be reversed.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303732", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518317, "title": "Sofosbuvir as a potential alternative to treat the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.", "journal": "Sci Rep", "authors": ["Jacome, Rodrigo", "Campillo-Balderas, Jose Alberto", "Ponce de Leon, Samuel", "Becerra, Arturo", "Lazcano, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518317", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of today, there is no antiviral for the treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the development of a vaccine might take several months or even years. The structural superposition of the hepatitis C virus polymerase bound to sofosbuvir, a nucleoside analog antiviral approved for hepatitis C virus infections, with the SARS-CoV polymerase shows that the residues that bind to the drug are present in the latter. Moreover, a multiple alignment of several SARS-CoV-2, SARS and MERS-related coronaviruses polymerases shows that these residues are conserved in all these viruses, opening the possibility to use sofosbuvir against these highly infectious pathogens."}, {"pmid": 32406952, "pmcid": "PMC7273060", "title": "Hypoalbuminemia predicts the outcome of COVID-19 independent of age and co-morbidity.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Huang, Jiaofeng", "Cheng, Aiguo", "Kumar, Rahul", "Fang, Yingying", "Chen, Gongping", "Zhu, Yueyong", "Lin, Su"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406952", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a pandemic rapidly. Most of the literature show that the elevated liver enzymes in COVID-19 are of little clinical significance. Lower albumin level is seen in severe COVID-19 and is not parallel to the changes in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. We aimed to explore the impact of hypoalbuminemia in COVID-19. This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with confirmed COVID-19. The relationship between hypoalbuminemia and death was studied using binary logistic analysis. A total of 299 adult patients were included, 160 (53.5%) were males and the average age was 53.4\u2009\u00b1\u200916.7 years. The median time from the onset of illness to admission was 3 days (interquartile ranges, 2-5). Approximately one-third of the patients had comorbidities. Hypoalbuminemia (<35\u2009g/L) was found in 106 (35.5%) patients. The difference in albumin was considerable between survivors and non-survivors (37.6\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2 vs 30.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.0, P\u2009<\u2009.001). Serum albumin level was inversely correlated to white blood cell (r\u2009=\u2009-.149, P\u2009=\u2009.01) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (r\u2009=\u2009-.298, P\u2009<\u2009.001). Multivariate analysis showed the presence of comorbidities (OR, 6.816; 95% CI, 1.361-34.133), lymphopenia (OR, 13.130; 95% CI, 1.632-105.658) and hypoalbuminemia (OR, 6.394; 95% CI, 1.315-31.092) were independent predictive factors for mortality. In conclusion, hypoalbuminemia is associated with the outcome of COVID-19. The potential therapeutic value of albumin infusion in COVID-19 should be further explored at the earliest."}, {"pmid": 32335337, "pmcid": "PMC7180155", "title": "Hypertension prevalence in human coronavirus disease: the role of ACE system in infection spread and severity.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ruocco, Gaetano", "Feola, Mauro", "Palazzuoli, Alberto"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335337", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The prevalence of hypertension is high in patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and it appears to be related to an increased risk of mortality, as shown in many epidemiological studies. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) system is not uniformly expressed in all of the human races, and current differences could explain some of the geographical discrepancies in infection around the world. Furthermore, animal studies have shown that the ACE2 receptor is a potential pathway for host infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. As two-thirds of hypertensive patients take ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, several concerns have been raised about the detrimental role of current antihypertensive drugs in COVID-19. This report summarizes the recent evidence for and against the administration of ACE blockade in the COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32422331, "pmcid": "PMC7227605", "title": "COVID-19 and the Role of Neurosurgeons in Nepal.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Thapa, Amit"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422331", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the panic and chaos that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has generated in over 200 countries, the role of neurosurgeons has never been more relevant and challenging. The health system in Nepal was never geared to face an onslaught of an infectious disease. At Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, we designated a separate complex for housing COVID-19 suspects to prevent the unaffected from getting exposed. In a few hospitals, existing neurosurgical and medical intensive care units have been converted to isolation intensive care units. A separate roster of doctors, nurses, and allied staff has been drafted to care for these patients to avoid contamination and allow effective quarantine of the staff involved in care. At the directive of the government, all neurosurgical centers postponed routine cases and some have closed their outpatient departments because of the lack of protective gear. All neurosurgical centers have seen drastic reductions in cases. In these challenging times, we neurosurgeons, who are naturally primed and trained to respond and take on challenges in difficult situations, have the ideal opportunity to shine and make a true difference during this pandemic and beyond and be \"5-star doctors.\""}, {"pmid": 32051073, "title": "[Recommendation for the diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus infection in children in Hubei (Trial version 1)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32051073", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a cluster of patients have been diagnosed to be infected with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. The epidemic has been spreading to other areas of the country and abroad. A few cases have progressed rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome and/or multiple organ function failure. The epidemiological survey has indicated that the general population is susceptible to 2019-nCoV. A total of 14 children (6 months to 14 years of age, including 5 cases in Wuhan) have been confirmed to be infected with 2019-nCoV in China so far. In order to further standardize and enhance the clinical management of 2019-nCoV infection in children, reduce the incidence, and decrease the number of severe cases, we have formulated this diagnosis and treatment recommendation according to the recent information at home and abroad."}, {"pmid": 32391657, "title": "[Diagnosis and treatment recommendation for pediatric COVID-19 (the second edition)].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Chen, Zhimin", "Fu, Junfen", "Shu, Qiang", "Wang, Wei", "Chen, Yinghu", "Hua, Chunzhen", "Li, Fubang", "Lin, Ru", "Tang, Lanfang", "Wang, Tianlin", "Wang, Yingshuo", "Xu, Weize", "Yang, Zihao", "Ye, Sheng", "Yuan, Tianming", "Zhang, Chenmei", "Zhang, Yuanyuan"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391657", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic. All people including children are generally susceptible to COVID-19, but the condition is relatively mild for children. The diagnosis of COVID-19 is largely based on the epidemiological evidence and clinical manifestations, and confirmed by positive detection of virus nucleic acid in respiratory samples. The main symptoms of COVID-19 in children are fever and cough; the total number of white blood cell count is usually normal or decreased; the chest imaging is characterized by interstitial pneumonia, which is similar to other respiratory virus infections and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Early identification, early isolation, early diagnosis and early treatment are important for clinical management. The treatment of mild or moderate type of child COVID-19 is mainly symptomatic. For severe and critical ill cases, the oxygen therapy, antiviral drugs, antibacterial drugs, glucocorticoids, mechanical ventilation or even extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be adopted, and the treatment plan should be adjusted timely through multi-disciplinary cooperation."}, {"pmid": 32408070, "pmcid": "PMC7202847", "title": "Does zinc supplementation enhance the clinical efficacy of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine to win today's battle against COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Derwand, R", "Scholz, M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408070", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, drug repurposing is an alternative to novel drug development for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The antimalarial drug chloroquine (CQ) and its metabolite hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are currently being tested in several clinical studies as potential candidates to limit SARS-CoV-2-mediated morbidity and mortality. CQ and HCQ (CQ/HCQ) inhibit pH-dependent steps of SARS-CoV-2 replication by increasing pH in intracellular vesicles and interfere with virus particle delivery into host cells. Besides direct antiviral effects, CQ/HCQ specifically target extracellular zinc to intracellular lysosomes where it interferes with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and coronavirus replication. As zinc deficiency frequently occurs in elderly patients and in those with cardiovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, or diabetes, we hypothesize that CQ/HCQ plus zinc supplementation may be more effective in reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality than CQ or HCQ in monotherapy. Therefore, CQ/HCQ in combination with zinc should be considered as additional study arm for COVID-19 clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32417222, "pmcid": "PMC7224672", "title": "Implementation of an Emergency Use Authorization Test During an Impending National Crisis.", "journal": "J Mol Diagn", "authors": ["Lefferts, Joel A", "Gutmann, Edward J", "Martin, Isabella W", "Wells, Wendy A", "Tsongalis, Gregory J"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417222", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The laboratory response to the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic may be termed heroic. From the identification of the novel coronavirus to implementation of routine laboratory testing around the world to the development of potential vaccines, laboratories have played a critical role in the efforts to curtail this pandemic. In this brief report, we review our own effort at a midsized, rural, academic medical center to implement a molecular test for the virus; and we share insights and lessons learned from that process, which might be helpful in\u00a0similar situations in the future."}, {"pmid": 32406211, "title": "Improving Preparedness for and Response to Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) in Long-Term Care Hospitals in the Korea.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Kim, Tark"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406211", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) have been widely reported in the Korea and around the world. COVID-19 has a high mortality rate, and older patients and those with underlying diseases are at particularly high risk of being infected. Outbreaks in LTCFs, where many high-risk patients reside, result in the occupation of beds meant for severely ill patients and even death in many patients. Long-term care hospitals (LTCH) are major LTCFs in Korea. Therefore, it is very important to protect patients in LTCHs from COVID-19. The reality is that preparedness for COVID-19 in LTCHs is inadequate, and there are barriers to improvements in preparedness. Through institutional improvement and policy support, the government should help healthcare personnel and LTCHs improve installation and raise the level of knowledge of infection prevention and control. With these improvement, prevention, surveillance, and screening for COVID-19 should be done and a response system to the COVID-19 outbreak should be established. There are many challenges that must be overcome to meet the goals proposed in this article. This may be possible only with a spirit of solidarity and cooperation of government, public and private healthcare facilities."}, {"pmid": 32492354, "title": "Rationale and Design of ORCHID: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Hydroxychloroquine for Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Casey, Jonathan D", "Johnson, Nicholas J", "Semler, Matthew W", "Collins, Sean P", "Aggarwal, Neil R", "Brower, Roy G", "Chang, Steven Y", "Eppensteiner, John", "Filbin, Michael", "Gibbs, Kevin W", "Ginde, Adit A", "Gong, Michelle N", "Harrell, Frank", "Hayden, Douglas L", "Hough, Catherine L", "Khan, Akram", "Leither, Lindsay M", "Moss, Marc", "Oldmixon, Cathryn F", "Park, Pauline K", "Reineck, Lora A", "Ringwood, Nancy J", "Robinson, Bryce Rh", "Schoenfeld, David A", "Shapiro, Nathan I", "Steingrub, Jay S", "Torr, Donna K", "Weissman, Alexandra", "Lindsell, Christopher J", "Rice, Todd W", "Thompson, B Taylor", "Brown, Samuel M", "Self, Wesley H"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492354", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Outcomes Related to COVID-19 treated with Hydroxychloroquine among In-patients with symptomatic Disease (ORCHID) trial is a multicenter, blinded, randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine versus placebo for the treatment of adults hospitalized with COVID-19. This document provides the rationale and background for the trial and highlights key design features. We discuss five novel challenges to the design and conduct of a large, multi-center, randomized trial during a pandemic, including: 1) widespread, off-label use of the study drug before the availability of safety and efficacy data; 2) the need to adapt traditional procedures for documentation of informed consent during an infectious pandemic; 3) developing a flexible and robust Bayesian analysis incorporating significant uncertainty about the disease, outcomes, and treatment; 4) obtaining indistinguishable drug and placebo without delaying enrollment; and 5) rapidly obtaining administrative and regulatory approvals. Our goals in describing how the ORCHID trial progressed from study conception to enrollment of the first patient in 15 days are to inform the development of other high-quality, multi-center trials targeting COVID-19. We describe lessons learned to improve the efficiency of future clinical trials, particularly in the setting of pandemics. The ORCHID trial will provide high-quality, clinically relevant data on the safety and efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 among hospitalized adults. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04332991) prior to enrollment of the first patient on April 2, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32451256, "pmcid": "PMC7211657", "title": "COVID-19: Wait for a novel drug or act with the age old drug - Do we have a choice?", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan", "Gurunthalingam, Meenalotchini Prakash", "Venkatesan, Sajitha", "Thangaraju, Eswaran"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451256", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32194981, "pmcid": "PMC7078228", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.", "journal": "Cell Discov", "authors": ["Liu, Jia", "Cao, Ruiyuan", "Xu, Mingyue", "Wang, Xi", "Zhang, Huanyu", "Hu, Hengrui", "Li, Yufeng", "Hu, Zhihong", "Zhong, Wu", "Wang, Manli"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194981", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281757, "title": "[Covid-19 in patients on dialysis: infection prevention and control strategies].", "journal": "G Ital Nefrol", "authors": ["Brioni, Elena", "Leopaldi, Donato", "Magnaghi, Cristiano", "Franchetti, Rosalia", "Granellini, Elisa", "Pegoraro, Marisa", "Gambirasio, Maria Cristina", "Mazzacani, Paolo", "Parisotto, Maria Teresa"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is a disease caused by a new coronavirus presenting a variability of flu-like symptoms including fever, cough, myalgia and fatigue; in severe cases, patients develop pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and septic shock, that can result in their death. This infection, which was declared a global epidemic by the World Health Organization, is particularly dangerous for dialysis patients, as they are frail and more vulnerable to infections due to the overlap of multiple pathologies. In patients with full-blown symptoms, there is a renal impairment of various degrees in 100% of the subjects observed. However, as Covid-19 is an emerging disease, more work is needed to improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies. It is essential to avoid nosocomial spread; in order to control and reduce the rate of infections it is necessary to strengthen the management of medical and nursing personnel through the early diagnosis, isolation and treatment of patients undergoing dialysis treatment. We cover here a series of recommendations for the treatment of dialysis patients who are negative to the virus, and of those who are suspected or confirmed positive."}, {"pmid": 32314871, "pmcid": "PMC7264780", "title": "Targeting the Adipose Tissue in COVID-19.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Malavazos, Alexis Elias", "Corsi Romanelli, Massimiliano Marco", "Bandera, Francesco", "Iacobellis, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314871", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421876, "title": "Chilblain acral lesions in the COVID-19 era. Are they marker of infection in asymptomatic patients?", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Ramondetta, A", "Panzone, M", "Dapavo, P", "Ortoncelli, M", "Giura, M T", "Licciardello, M", "Rozzo, G", "Siliquini, N", "Fierro, M T", "Ribero, S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421876", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349824, "pmcid": "PMC7218182", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Month of Bioethics in Finland.", "journal": "Camb Q Healthc Ethics", "authors": ["Hayry, Matti"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349824", "countries": ["China", "Finland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Finland's first COVID-19 infection was recorded in late January 2020. The person infected was a tourist from China in Lapland. Authorities recommended regular handwashing, coughing in one's sleeve, not touching your face, physical distancing, and home lockdown for those at risk. The pandemic spread at different paces in different regions, and the first Finnish fatality was recorded on March 20 in Uusimaa province, where the number of documented infections was considerably higher than elsewhere. In late March, the parliament granted the government emergency powers for swift regulations and restrictions. Uusimaa province was isolated from the rest of the country for a fortnight, restaurants were closed, meetings of more than 10 people were forbidden, and schools and universities assumed distant-working modes, as did businesses and civil services where this was feasible."}, {"pmid": 32219428, "pmcid": "PMC7101507", "title": "Treatment of 5 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Shen, Chenguang", "Wang, Zhaoqin", "Zhao, Fang", "Yang, Yang", "Li, Jinxiu", "Yuan, Jing", "Wang, Fuxiang", "Li, Delin", "Yang, Minghui", "Xing, Li", "Wei, Jinli", "Xiao, Haixia", "Yang, Yan", "Qu, Jiuxin", "Qing, Ling", "Chen, Li", "Xu, Zhixiang", "Peng, Ling", "Li, Yanjie", "Zheng, Haixia", "Chen, Feng", "Huang, Kun", "Jiang, Yujing", "Liu, Dongjing", "Zhang, Zheng", "Liu, Yingxia", "Liu, Lei"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219428", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic with no specific therapeutic agents and substantial mortality. It is critical to find new treatments. To determine whether convalescent plasma transfusion may be beneficial in the treatment of critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Case series of 5 critically ill patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who met the following criteria: severe pneumonia with rapid progression and continuously high viral load despite antiviral treatment; Pao2/Fio2 <300; and mechanical ventilation. All 5 were treated with convalescent plasma transfusion. The study was conducted at the infectious disease department, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital in Shenzhen, China, from January 20, 2020, to March 25, 2020; final date of follow-up was March 25, 2020. Clinical outcomes were compared before and after convalescent plasma transfusion. Patients received transfusion with convalescent plasma with a SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody (IgG) binding titer greater than 1:1000 (end point dilution titer, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) and a neutralization titer greater than 40 (end point dilution titer) that had been obtained from 5 patients who recovered from COVID-19. Convalescent plasma was administered between 10 and 22 days after admission. Changes of body temperature, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (range 0-24, with higher scores indicating more severe illness), Pao2/Fio2, viral load, serum antibody titer, routine blood biochemical index, ARDS, and ventilatory and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) supports before and after convalescent plasma transfusion. All 5 patients (age range, 36-65 years; 2 women) were receiving mechanical ventilation at the time of treatment and all had received antiviral agents and methylprednisolone. Following plasma transfusion, body temperature normalized within 3 days in 4 of 5 patients, the SOFA score decreased, and Pao2/Fio2 increased within 12 days (range, 172-276 before and 284-366 after). Viral loads also decreased and became negative within 12 days after the transfusion, and SARS-CoV-2-specific ELISA and neutralizing antibody titers increased following the transfusion (range, 40-60 before and 80-320 on day 7). ARDS resolved in 4 patients at 12 days after transfusion, and 3 patients were weaned from mechanical ventilation within 2 weeks of treatment. Of the 5 patients, 3 have been discharged from the hospital (length of stay: 53, 51, and 55 days), and 2 are in stable condition at 37 days after transfusion. In this preliminary uncontrolled case series of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 and ARDS, administration of convalescent plasma containing neutralizing antibody was followed by improvement in their clinical status. The limited sample size and study design preclude a definitive statement about the potential effectiveness of this treatment, and these observations require evaluation in clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32343118, "title": "Guidance for management of cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Surg", "authors": ["Finley, Christian", "Prashad, Anubha", "Camuso, Natasha", "Daly, Corinne", "Aprikian, Armen", "Ball, Chad G", "Bentley, James", "Charest, Dhany", "Fata, Paola", "Helyer, Lucy", "O'Connell, Daniel", "Moloo, Husein", "Seely, Andrew", "Werier, Joel", "Zhong, Toni", "Earle, Craig C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343118", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, delaying lifesaving cancer surgeries must be done with extreme caution and thoughtfulness. Modelling indicates that delays in high-risk cancer surgeries beyond 6 weeks could affect long-term outcomes for thousands of Canadians. Consequently, it is possible that postponing cancer surgery without consideration of its implications could cost more lives than can be saved by diverting all surgical resources to COVID-19. This article provides general guidance on supporting curative surgical treatment where appropriate and with available resources."}, {"pmid": 32380430, "pmcid": "PMC7188643", "title": "The experience on coronavirus disease 2019 and cancer from an oncology hub institution in Milan, Lombardy Region.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Trapani, Dario", "Marra, Antonio", "Curigliano, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380430", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related disease (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) has spread rapidly to a pandemic proportion, increasing the demands on health systems for the containment and management of COVID-19. Cancer has been reported as a major risk factor for adverse outcomes of and death from COVID-19. We extracted data from the World Health Organization's progress reports and from the Italian Council of Medicine. In addition, we retrieved clinical data on patients with cancer and with confirmed COVID-19 in our institution. As of 2nd April\u00a02020, 110,574 COVID-19 cases and 13,157 deaths have been reported in Italy, representing a global share of 5.1% and 28.9% for incidence and mortality, respectively. In Italy, we report the analysis of the Italian Medical Council on 909 patients who died from COVID-19; of whom, 16.5% were patients with cancer. The population was enriched with subjects with multiple comorbid non-communicable diseases, with less than 1% of the population presenting no comorbid conditions. At the patient level, we identified nine patients referred to our department in the last two months who were receiving standard-of-care or experimental medications in the curative and palliative settings. The median age was 68 years (range = 42-79 years), and patients carried a median of one comorbid condition (0-2); two of nine patients presented with severe COVID-19\u00a0and were receiving inpatient care. None of the patients receiving immunotherapy experienced severe adverse outcomes, and four patients were discharged with complete reversal of the clinical syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 clearance. Learning from the experience of countries with a high burden, efforts must be made to assure the access of patients with cancer to treatments, prioritising the cancer health interventions based on their intrinsic value\u00a0and limiting the exposure to an unacceptable risk of infection for both health providers and patients. Any significant work in the design and implementation of health system actions, including clinical care, must be framed as an initiative under the global response agenda and through a community approach, with the intention of pursuing common goals to tackle COVID-19 and cancer, as 'One Community' working for 'One Health's."}, {"pmid": 32330124, "pmcid": "PMC7182255", "title": "Leveraging open hardware to alleviate the burden of COVID-19 on global health systems.", "journal": "PLoS Biol", "authors": ["Maia Chagas, Andre", "Molloy, Jennifer C", "Prieto-Godino, Lucia L", "Baden, Tom"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330124", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the current rapid spread of COVID-19, global health systems are increasingly overburdened by the sheer number of people that need diagnosis, isolation and treatment. Shortcomings are evident across the board, from staffing, facilities for rapid and reliable testing to availability of hospital beds and key medical-grade equipment. The scale and breadth of the problem calls for an equally substantive response not only from frontline workers such as medical staff and scientists, but from skilled members of the public who have the time, facilities and knowledge to meaningfully contribute to a consolidated global response. Here, we summarise community-driven approaches based on Free and Open Source scientific and medical Hardware (FOSH) as well as personal protective equipment (PPE) currently being developed and deployed to support the global response for COVID-19 prevention, patient treatment and diagnostics."}, {"pmid": 32202041, "pmcid": "PMC7161893", "title": "Alzheimer's Disease Research Enterprise in the Era of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Alzheimers Dement", "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202041", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473812, "pmcid": "PMC7244425", "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the management of COVID-19: Much kerfuffle but little evidence.", "journal": "Therapie", "authors": ["Roustit, M", "Guilhaumou, R", "Molimard, M", "Drici, M-D", "Laporte, S", "Montastruc, J-L"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473812", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are drugs that have shown in vitro activity on the replication of certain coronaviruses. In the context of the SARS-Cov-2 epidemic, the virus responsible for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), these two drugs have been proposed as possible treatments. The results of the first clinical studies evaluating the effect of hydroxychloroquine do not support any efficacy of this drug in patients with COVID-19, due to major methodological weaknesses. Yet, these preliminary studies have aroused considerable media interest, raising fears of massive and uncontrolled use. In the absence of evidence of clinical benefits, the main risk is of exposing patients unnecessarily to the well-known adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine, with a possibly increased risk in the specific setting of COVID-19. In addition, widespread use outside of any recommendation risks compromising the completion of good quality clinical trials. The chloroquine hype, fueled by low-quality studies and media announcements, has yielded to the implementation of more than 150 studies worldwide. This represents a waste of resources and a loss of opportunity for other drugs to be properly evaluated. In the context of emergency, rigorous trials are more than ever needed in order to have, as soon as possible, reliable data on drugs that are possibly effective against the disease. Meanwhile, serious adverse drug reactions have been reported in patients with COVID-19 receiving hydroxychloroquine, justifying to limit its prescription, and to perform suitable cardiac and therapeutic drug monitoring."}, {"pmid": 32419438, "title": "COVID-19: What do we need to know about ICU delirium during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?", "journal": "Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther", "authors": ["Kotfis, Katarzyna", "Williams Roberson, Shawniqua", "Wilson, Jo", "Pun, Brenda", "Ely, E Wesley", "Jezowska, Ilona", "Jezierska, Maja", "Dabrowski, Wojciech"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419438", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, the World Health Organisation announced the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As well as respiratory failure, the SARS-CoV-2 may cause central nervous system (CNS) involvement, including delirium occurring in critically ill patients (ICU delirium). Due attention must be paid to this subject in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Delirium, the detection of which takes less than two minutes, is frequently underestimated during daily routine ICU care, but it may be a prodromal symptom of infection or hypoxia associated with severe respiratory failure. During the COVID-19 pandemic, systematic delirium monitoring using validated tests (CAM-ICU or ICDSC) may be sacrificed. This is likely to be due to the fact that the main emphasis is placed on organisational issues, i.e. the lack of ventilators, setting priorities for limited mechanical ventilation options, and a shortage of personal protective equipment. Early identification of patients with delirium is critical in patients with COVID-19 because the occurrence of delirium may be an early symptom of worsening respiratory failure or of infectious spread to the CNS mediated by potential neuroinvasive mechanisms of the coronavirus. The purpose of this review is to identify problems related to the development of delirium during the COVID-19 epidemic, which are presented in three areas: i) factors contributing to delirium in COVID-19, ii) potential pathophysiological factors of delirium in COVID-19, and iii) long-term consequences of delirium in COVID-19. This article discusses how healthcare workers can reduce the burden of delirium by identifying potential risk factors and difficulties during challenges associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32441303, "title": "Placental Pathology in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Shanes, Elisheva D", "Mithal, Leena B", "Otero, Sebastian", "Azad, Hooman A", "Miller, Emily S", "Goldstein, Jeffery A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441303", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe histopathologic findings in the placentas of women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy. Pregnant women with COVID-19 delivering between March 18, 2020, and May 5, 2020, were identified. Placentas were examined and compared to historical controls and women with placental evaluation for a history of melanoma. Sixteen placentas from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were examined (15 with live birth in the third trimester, 1 delivered in the second trimester after intrauterine fetal demise). Compared to controls, third trimester placentas were significantly more likely to show at least one feature of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM), particularly abnormal or injured maternal vessels, and intervillous thrombi. Rates of acute and chronic inflammation were not increased.The placenta from the patient with intrauterine fetal demise showed villous edema and a retroplacental hematoma. Relative to controls, COVID-19 placentas show increased prevalence of decidual arteriopathy and other features of MVM, a pattern of placental injury reflecting abnormalities in oxygenation within the intervillous space associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Only 1 COVID-19 patient was hypertensive despite the association of MVM with hypertensive disorders and preeclampsia. These changes may reflect a systemic inflammatory or hypercoagulable state influencing placental physiology."}, {"pmid": 32412681, "pmcid": "PMC7261998", "title": "Appearance of skin rash in pediatric patients with COVID-19: Three case presentations.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Bursal Duramaz, Burcu", "Yozgat, Can Yilmaz", "Yozgat, Yilmaz", "Turel, Ozden"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412681", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421079, "pmcid": "PMC7224076", "title": "A small Iowa farmer's perspective on COVID-19.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["O'Brien, Denise"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421079", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515243, "title": "Dermatology before, during and after COVID 19.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["van de Kerkhof, Peter Cm"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401361, "pmcid": "PMC7272928", "title": "Clinical characteristics of rehospitalized patients with COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Min", "An, Wei", "Xia, Fei", "Yang, Ping", "Li, Kuangyu", "Zhou, Qin", "Fang, Shasha", "Liao, Yaling", "Xu, Xin", "Liu, Jialin", "Liu, Shiguo", "Qin, Tao", "Zhang, Jianjun", "Wei, Wei", "Zhang, Yafang", "Zhang, Guowei", "Zhang, Mingwei"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401361", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to observe the clinical characteristics of recovered patients from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with positive in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or serum antibody. The profile, clinical symptoms, laboratory outcomes, and radiologic assessments were extracted on 11 patients, who tested positive for COVID-19 with RT-PCR or serum antibody after discharged and was admitted to Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University for a second treatment in March 2020. The average interval time between the first discharge and the second admission measured 16.00\u2009\u00b1\u20097.14 days, ranging from 6 to 27 days. In the second hospitalization, one patient was positive for RT-PCR and serum antibody immunoglobulin M (IgM)-immunoglobulin G (IgG), five patients were positive for both IgM and IgG but negative for RT-PCR. Three patients were positive for both RT-PCR and IgG but negative for IgM. The main symptoms were cough (54.55%), fever (27.27%), and feeble (27.27%) in the second hospitalization. Compared with the first hospitalization, there were significant decreases in gastrointestinal symptoms (5 vs 0, P\u2009=\u2009.035), elevated levels of both white blood cell count (P\u2009=\u2009.036) and lymphocyte count (P\u2009=\u2009.002), remarkedly decreases in C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A (P\u2009<\u2009.05) in the second hospitalization. Additionally, six patients' chest computed tomography (CT) exhibited notable improvements in acute exudative lesions. There could be positive results for RT-PCR analysis or serum IgM-IgG in discharged patients, even with mild clinical symptoms, however, their laboratory outcomes and chest CT images would not indicate the on-going development in those patients."}, {"pmid": 32113507, "pmcid": "PMC7133597", "title": "Lessons for managing high-consequence infections from first COVID-19 cases in the UK.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Moss, Peter", "Barlow, Gavin", "Easom, Nicholas", "Lillie, Patrick", "Samson, Anda"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113507", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391985, "title": "Reinventing Behavioral Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Pinkhasov, Aaron"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391985", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312163, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Management of Head and Neck Malignancies.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Werner, Michael T", "Carey, Ryan M", "Albergotti, W Greer", "Lukens, John N", "Brody, Robert M"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312163", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the management of head and neck cancer must be addressed. Immediate measures to reduce transmission rates and protect patients and providers take priority and necessitate some delays in care, particularly for patients with mild symptoms or less aggressive cancers. However, strict guidelines have yet to be developed, and many unintentional delays in care are to be expected based on the magnitude of the looming public health crisis. The medical complexity of head and neck cancer management may lead to prolonged delays that worsen treatment outcomes. Therefore, those caring for patients with head and neck cancer must take action to reduce these negative impacts as the country rallies to overcome the challenges posed by this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32276099, "pmcid": "PMC7141455", "title": "Rapid De-Escalation and Triaging Patients in Community-Based Palliative Care.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Tran, David L", "Lai, Steve R", "Salah, Ramy Y", "Wong, Angela Y", "Bryon, Jill N", "McKenna, Meghan C", "Chan, Yvonne K"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276099", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created a rapid and unprecedented shift in our medical system. Medical providers, teams, and organizations have needed to shift their visits away from face-to-face visits and toward telehealth (both by phone and through video). Palliative care teams who practice in the community setting are faced with a difficult task: How do we actively triage the most urgent visits while keeping our vulnerable patients safe from the pandemic? The following are recommendations created by the Palo Alto Medical Foundation Palliative Care and Support Services team to help triage and coordinate for timely, safe, and effective palliative care in the community and outpatient setting during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Patients are initially triaged based on location followed by acuity. Interdisciplinary care is implemented using strict infection control guidelines in the setting of limited personal protective equipment resources. We implement thorough screening for COVID-19 symptoms at multiple levels before a patient is seen by a designated provider. We recommend active triaging, communication, and frequent screening for COVID-19 symptoms for palliative care patients been evaluated in the community setting. An understanding of infection risk, mutual consent between designated providers, patients, and their families are crucial to maintaining safety while delivering community-based palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32454042, "pmcid": "PMC7255210", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 related liver impairment - perception may not be the reality.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Philips, Cyriac Abby", "Ahamed, Rizwan", "Augustine, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454042", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497796, "pmcid": "PMC7263262", "title": "Combination of thrombolytic and immunosuppressive therapy for coronavirus disease 2019: A case report.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Papamichalis, Panagiotis", "Papadogoulas, Antonios", "Katsiafylloudis, Periklis", "Skoura, Apostolia-Lemonia", "Papamichalis, Michail", "Neou, Evangelia", "Papadopoulos, Dimitrios", "Karagiannis, Spyridon", "Zafeiridis, Tilemachos", "Babalis, Dimitris", "Komnos, Apostolos"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497796", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a proportion of patients Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a multi-systematic syndrome characterized by hyperinflammation, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and hypercoagulability. A 68-year-old man with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) presented in our Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with respiratory failure, Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and skin ischemia - microthrombosis. Specific coagulation and inflammatory markers (D-dimer, ferritin and C-reactive protein) along with the clinical picture triggered the trial of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and Tocilizumab. This was followed by resolution of skin ischemia and CRS while respiratory parameters improved. No major complications associated with rt-PA or Tocilizumab occurred. Combination of rt-PA with targeted anti-inflammatory treatment could be a new therapeutic option for patients with COVID-19, ARDS, hyperinflammation and increased blood viscosity."}, {"pmid": 32487503, "pmcid": "PMC7250785", "title": "The Impact of the Acute Phase of COVID-19 on Radiotherapy Demand in South East Wales.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Higgins, E", "Walters, S", "Powell, E", "Staffurth, J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487503", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301298, "pmcid": "PMC7167402", "title": "A Brief Telephone Severity Scoring System and Therapeutic Living Centers Solved Acute Hospital-Bed Shortage during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Daegu, Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Shin Woo", "Lee, Kyeong Soo", "Kim, Keonyeop", "Lee, Jung Jeung", "Kim, Jong Yeon"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301298", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, the number of infected patients was rapidly increasing in Daegu, Korea. With a maximum of 741 new patients per day in the city as of February 29, 2020, hospital-bed shortage was a great challenge to the local healthcare system. We developed and applied a remote brief severity scoring system, administered by telephone for assigning priority for hospitalization and arranging for facility isolation (\"therapeutic living centers\") for the patients starting on February 29, 2020. Fifteen centers were operated for the 3,033 admissions to the COVID-19 therapeutic living centers. Only 81 cases (2.67%) were transferred to hospitals after facility isolation. We think that this brief severity scoring system for COVID-19 worked safely to solve the hospital-bed shortage. Telephone scoring of the severity of disease and therapeutic living centers could be very useful in overcoming the shortage of hospital-beds that occurs during outbreaks of infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32321609, "title": "Diagnostic Options for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Xiao, Yuanyuan", "Peng, Zhong", "Tan, Caixia", "Meng, Xiujuan", "Huang, Xun", "Wu, Anhua", "Li, Chunhui"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321609", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467287, "title": "Shielding from covid-19 should be stratified by risk.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Smith, George Davey", "Spiegelhalter, David"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467287", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450877, "pmcid": "PMC7247287", "title": "Decision support tool and suggestions for the development of guidelines for the helicopter transport of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med", "authors": ["Bredmose, Per P", "Diczbalis, Monica", "Butterfield, Emma", "Habig, Karel", "Pearce, Andrew", "Osbakk, Svein Are", "Voipio, Ville", "Rudolph, Marcus", "Maddock, Alistair", "O'Neill, John"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450877", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 emerged in December 2019 and is now pandemic. Initial analysis suggests that 5% of infected patients will require critical care, and that respiratory failure requiring intubation is associated with high mortality.Sick patients are geographically dispersed: most patients will remain in situ until they are in need of critical care. Additionally, there are likely to be patients who require retrieval for other reasons but who are co-incidentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 or shedding virus.The COVID-19 pandemic therefore poses a challenge to critical care retrieval systems, which often depend on small teams of specialists who live and work together closely. The infection or quarantining of a small absolute number of these staff could catastrophically compromise service delivery.Avoiding occupational exposure to COVID-19, and thereby ensuring service continuity, is the primary objective of aeromedical retrieval services during the pandemic. In this discussion paper we collaborated with helicopter emergency medical services(HEMS) worldwide to identify risks in retrieving COVID-19 patients, and develop strategies to mitigate these.Simulation involving the whole aeromedical retrieval team ensures that safety concerns can be addressed during the development of a standard operating procedure. Some services tested personal protective equipment and protocols in the aeromedical environment with simulation. We also incorporated experiences, standard operating procedures and approaches across several HEMS services internationally.As a result of this collaboration, we outline an approach to the safe aeromedical retrieval of a COVID-19 patient, and describe how this framework can be used to develop a local standard operating procedure."}, {"pmid": 32364774, "title": "Correction to: Protecting Medical Trainees on the COVID-19 Frontlines Saves Us All.", "journal": "Circulation", "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364774", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525370, "title": "Mental health ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic for Black Americans: Clinical and research recommendations.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Novacek, Derek M", "Hampton-Anderson, Joya N", "Ebor, Megan T", "Loeb, Tamra B", "Wyatt, Gail E"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525370", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mental health clinicians and researchers must be prepared to address the unique needs of Black Americans who have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Race-conscious and culturally competent interventions that consider factors such as discrimination, distrust of health care providers, and historical and racial trauma as well as protective factors including social support and culturally sanctioned coping strategies are needed. Research to accurately assess and design treatments for the mental health consequences of COVID-19 among Black Americans is warranted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32408107, "pmcid": "PMC7194590", "title": "Critical care capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic: Global availability of intensive care beds.", "journal": "J Crit Care", "authors": ["Ma, Xiya", "Vervoort, Dominique"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408107", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395675, "pmcid": "PMC7211711", "title": "How to manage an endoscopy unit during a COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "VideoGIE", "authors": ["Liu, Xin-Yang", "Cai, Ming-Yan", "Wang, Ping", "Zhou, Ping-Hong"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419709, "pmcid": "PMC7225704", "title": "A Case Report of Oligosymptomatic Kidney Transplant Patients with COVID-19: Do They Pose a Risk to Other Recipients?", "journal": "Transplant Proc", "authors": ["Kocak, Burak", "Arpali, Emre", "Akyollu, Basak", "Yelken, Berna", "Tekin, Suda", "Kanbay, Mehmet", "Turkmen, Aydin", "Kalayoglu, Munci"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419709", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453515, "title": "More on Neurologic Features in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Larvie, Mykol", "Lev, Michael H", "Hess, Christopher P"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453515", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317304, "title": "Covid-19: Trump stokes protests against social distancing measures.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317304", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504754, "title": "Is melatonin deficiency a unifying pathomechanism of high risk patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Simko, Fedor", "Reiter, Russel J"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504754", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499903, "pmcid": "PMC7254432", "title": "2020PMD, 30-years of Translational Mobility Medicine at the time of COVID-19 outbreak: Last-minute forewords from the editor.", "journal": "Eur J Transl Myol", "authors": ["Carraro, Ugo"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499903", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the autumn of 2019, the organizers of the 2020 Padua Muscle Days planned an intense program, which was to be held from March 18 to March 21, 2020. The program included eight Scientific Sessions to occur over three full days at either Padova University or the Hotel Augustus on Euganei Hills (Padova), Italy. Abruptly, however, in early January the Coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak started in China and changed the world perspectives and expectations. In Italy, it started in Lombardy and Veneto, two main industrial areas of the country with intense connections and interchanges of people and commercial activities with China. Indeed, the virus was first isolated from a couple of Chinese tourists, who inadvertently incubated the infection during their visit to many towns in Italy. Within the following two weeks, the epidemic had the first Italian cases and victims in an area south of Milan and in a Village of the Euganei Hills (Vo Euganeo, Padova). The village was immediately quarantined, but it was too late. The virus had escaped the area. Thus, it was a mandatory, though difficult decision (made even before the Italian National Government posted rules to be followed to decrease spread of the infection), to post-pone the Padua Muscle Days meeting from 18-21 March, 2020 to 25-28 November, 2020. Luckily, the vast majority of organizers, chairs, speakers, and attendees accepted the decision and have assured their presence in late November, despite the coincidence with the Thanksgiving holiday in the US. Currently, the only changes in the program are the new dates; however, it is difficult to forecast the future. Anyhow, the rationale of the decision to post-pone 2020PMD was reinforced by the actions of many organizers of international events. One of the most recent examples is the March 6, 2020 decision of the leaders of the Experimental Biology Host Societies to cancel Experimental Biology (EB) 2020, set to take place April 4-7 in San Diego, California, USA. All these active civil responses to world dangers are mandatory to avoid those military responses that are easy to start, but provide the worst results. How do we not lose half of the 2020 year? The option is to try to achieve some of the goals of the meeting by long-distance communications. Thus, the Collection of Abstracts will be, as originally planned, e-published in this 30(1) 2020 Issue of the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM) together with the many EJTM Communications submitted by speakers and attendees of the 2020PMD. We may also start the process that will implement EMMA, the European Mobility Medicine Association, by circulating a proposal and inviting comments."}, {"pmid": 32118639, "pmcid": "PMC7147278", "title": "Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Ling, Yun", "Xu, Shui-Bao", "Lin, Yi-Xiao", "Tian, Di", "Zhu, Zhao-Qin", "Dai, Fa-Hui", "Wu, Fan", "Song, Zhi-Gang", "Huang, Wei", "Chen, Jun", "Hu, Bi-Jie", "Wang, Sheng", "Mao, En-Qiang", "Zhu, Lei", "Zhang, Wen-Hong", "Lu, Hong-Zhou"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118639", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A patient's infectivity is determined by the presence of the virus in different body fluids, secretions, and excreta. The persistence and clearance of viral RNA from different specimens of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remain unclear. This study analyzed the clearance time and factors influencing 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) RNA in different samples from patients with COVID-19, providing further evidence to improve the management of patients during convalescence. The clinical data and laboratory test results of convalescent patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to from January 20, 2020 to February 10, 2020 were collected retrospectively. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results for patients' oropharyngeal swab, stool, urine, and serum samples were collected and analyzed. Convalescent patients refer to recovered non-febrile patients without respiratory symptoms who had two successive (minimum 24 h sampling interval) negative RT-PCR results for viral RNA from oropharyngeal swabs. The effects of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ T lymphocytes, inflammatory indicators, and glucocorticoid treatment on viral nucleic acid clearance were analyzed. In the 292 confirmed cases, 66 patients recovered after treatment and were included in our study. In total, 28 (42.4%) women and 38 men (57.6%) with a median age of 44.0 (34.0-62.0) years were analyzed. After in-hospital treatment, patients' inflammatory indicators decreased with improved clinical condition. The median time from the onset of symptoms to first negative RT-PCR results for oropharyngeal swabs in convalescent patients was 9.5 (6.0-11.0) days. By February 10, 2020, 11 convalescent patients (16.7%) still tested positive for viral RNA from stool specimens and the other 55 patients' stool specimens were negative for 2019-nCoV following a median duration of 11.0 (9.0-16.0) days after symptom onset. Among these 55 patients, 43 had a longer duration until stool specimens were negative for viral RNA than for throat swabs, with a median delay of 2.0 (1.0-4.0) days. Results for only four (6.9%) urine samples were positive for viral nucleic acid out of 58 cases; viral RNA was still present in three patients' urine specimens after throat swabs were negative. Using a multiple linear regression model (F\u200a=\u200a2.669, P\u200a=\u200a0.044, and adjusted R\u200a=\u200a0.122), the analysis showed that the CD4+ T lymphocyte count may help predict the duration of viral RNA detection in patients' stools (t\u200a=\u200a-2.699, P\u200a=\u200a0.010). The duration of viral RNA detection from oropharyngeal swabs and fecal samples in the glucocorticoid treatment group was longer than that in the non-glucocorticoid treatment group (15 days vs. 8.0 days, respectively; t\u200a=\u200a2.550, P\u200a=\u200a0.013) and the duration of viral RNA detection in fecal samples in the glucocorticoid treatment group was longer than that in the non-glucocorticoid treatment group (20 days vs. 11 days, respectively; t\u200a=\u200a4.631, P\u200a<\u200a0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in inflammatory indicators between patients with positive fecal viral RNA test results and those with negative results (P\u200a>\u200a0.05). In brief, as the clearance of viral RNA in patients' stools was delayed compared to that in oropharyngeal swabs, it is important to identify viral RNA in feces during convalescence. Because of the delayed clearance of viral RNA in the glucocorticoid treatment group, glucocorticoids are not recommended in the treatment of COVID-19, especially for mild disease. The duration of RNA detection may relate to host cell immunity."}, {"pmid": 32433168, "pmcid": "PMC7268833", "title": "A Case of Coronavirus Infection Incidentally Found on FDG PET/CT Scan.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Doroudinia, Abtin", "Tavakoli, Mehrdad"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433168", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a highly suspicious case of COVID-19 infection, incidentally found on F-FDG PET/CT images. Patient was scanned on February, 25, 2020, when COVID-19 outbreak was unrecognized in our country. She admitted having recent occasional dry cough and fever. A retrospective review of her clinical and laboratory data was strongly suggestive for diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. PET/CT images demonstrated hypermetabolic diffuse ground glass opacities in both lungs with bilateral nodules. There was no evidence of pleural effusion or prominent mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy. Radiologists must be aware of COVID-19 presentations on PET/CT scan images during COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32420674, "pmcid": "PMC7267122", "title": "Three months of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Rafiq, Danish", "Batool, Asiya", "Bazaz, M A"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420674", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2019), reminiscent of the 2002-SARS-CoV outbreak, has completely isolated countries, disrupted health systems and partially paralyzed international trade and travel. In order to be better equipped to anticipate transmission of this virus to new regions, it is imperative to track the progress of the virus over time. This review analyses information on progression of the pandemic in the past 3\u2009months and systematically discusses the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2019 virus including its epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, and clinical manifestations. Furthermore, the review also encompasses some recently proposed conceptual models that estimate the spread of this disease based on the basic reproductive number for better prevention and control procedures. Finally, we shed light on how the virus has endangered the global economy, impacting it both from the supply and demand side."}, {"pmid": 32352729, "title": "AFP's Approach to COVID-19.", "journal": "Am Fam Physician", "authors": ["Sexton, Sumi"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352729", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441232, "title": "Development and Implementation of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease Response Protocol at a Large Academic Medical Center.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Maxam, Meshell", "DeRonde, Kailynn J", "Vega, Ana D", "Skiada, Dimitra", "Vu, Christine A", "Salazar, Veronica", "Boatwright, Renata", "Cano-Casillas, Ennie", "Goodnow, Venessa", "Sposato, Kathleen A", "Paige, Peter G", "Zambrana, David", "Steigman, Don S", "Memon, Abdul M", "Abbo, Lilian M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441232", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the rapid spread of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), healthcare systems should establish procedures for early recognition and management of suspected or confirmed cases. We describe the various steps taken for the development, implementation, and dissemination of the interdisciplinary COVID-19 protocol at Jackson Health System (JHS), a complex tertiary academic health system in Miami, Florida. Recognizing the dynamic nature of COVID-19, the protocol addresses the potential investigational treatment options and considerations for special populations. The protocol also includes infection prevention and control measures and routine care for suspected or proven COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32505646, "title": "Children returning to schools following COVID-19: a balance of probabilities - Letter to the Editor.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Khattab, Nora", "Abbas, Abdallah", "Abbas, Abdul-Rahman", "Memon, Sara Fatima"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505646", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339595, "pmcid": "PMC7182511", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on endoscopy practice: results of a cross-sectional survey from the New York metropolitan area.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Mahadev, SriHari", "Aroniadis, Olga S", "Barraza, Luis", "Agarunov, Emil", "Goodman, Adam J", "Benias, Petros C", "Buscaglia, Jonathan M", "Gross, Seth A", "Kasmin, Franklin E", "Cohen, Jonathan J", "Carr-Locke, David L", "Greenwald, David A", "Mendelsohn, Robin B", "Sethi, Amrita", "Gonda, Tamas A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339595", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296181, "title": "Author Correction: A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Wu, Fan", "Zhao, Su", "Yu, Bin", "Chen, Yan-Mei", "Wang, Wen", "Song, Zhi-Gang", "Hu, Yi", "Tao, Zhao-Wu", "Tian, Jun-Hua", "Pei, Yuan-Yuan", "Yuan, Ming-Li", "Zhang, Yu-Ling", "Dai, Fa-Hui", "Liu, Yi", "Wang, Qi-Min", "Zheng, Jiao-Jiao", "Xu, Lin", "Holmes, Edward C", "Zhang, Yong-Zhen"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296181", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32473232, "pmcid": "PMC7255126", "title": "Strengthening early testing and surveillance of COVID-19 to enhance identification of asymptomatic patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wong, Martin Cs", "Teoh, Jeremy Yc", "Huang, Junjie", "Wong, Sunny H"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473232", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471765, "pmcid": "PMC7239791", "title": "Evolution of plastic surgery provision due to COVID-19 - The role of the 'Pandemic pack'.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Ali, Stephen R", "Jovic, Thomas", "Gibson, John Ag", "Rich, Harvey", "Jessop, Zita M", "Whitaker, Iain S"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418860, "pmcid": "PMC7190481", "title": "[Perniosis-like skin lesions during the COVID-19 epidemic].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Monte Serrano, Juan", "Cruanes Monferrer, Joana", "Matovelle Ochoa, Cristina", "Garcia-Gil, Miguel Fernando"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418860", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339662, "pmcid": "PMC7194714", "title": "Addressing the Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Learning Networks as a Means for Sharing Best Practices.", "journal": "Biol Blood Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Ardura, Monica", "Hartley, David", "Dandoy, Christopher", "Lehmann, Leslie", "Jaglowski, Samantha", "Auletta, Jeffery J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339662", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The full impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), on the field of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is unknown. This perspective paper reviews the following: current COVID-19 epidemiology, diagnosis, and potential therapies; care considerations unique to HCT recipients; and the concept of a learning network to assimilate emerging guidelines and best practices and to optimize patient outcomes through facilitating shared learning and experience across transplantation centers."}, {"pmid": 32422063, "title": "Should Clinicians Use Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin for the Prophylaxis or Treatment of COVID-19?", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Qaseem, Amir", "Yost, Jennifer", "Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta, Itziar", "Miller, Matthew C", "Abraham, George M", "Obley, Adam Jacob", "Forciea, Mary Ann", "Jokela, Janet A", "Humphrey, Linda L"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422063", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439572, "pmcid": "PMC7234945", "title": "The impacts of the novel SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on surgical oncology - A letter to the editor on \"The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic: A review\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Shubber, Nour", "Sheppard, Jack", "Alradhawi, Mohammad", "Ali, Yousif"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439572", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463742, "title": "Redefining undergraduate nurse teaching during the coronavirus pandemic: use of digital technologies.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Leigh, Jacqueline", "Vasilica, Cristina", "Dron, Richard", "Gawthorpe, Dawn", "Burns, Elizabeth", "Kennedy, Sarah", "Kennedy, Rob", "Warburton, Tyler", "Croughan, Catherine"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463742", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the current coronavirus pandemic, undergraduate nurse teaching is facing many challenges. Universities have had to close their campuses, which means that academics are working from home and may be coping with unfamiliar technology to deliver the theoretical part of the undergraduate nursing curriculum. Emergency standards from the Nursing and Midwifery Council have allowed theoretical instruction to be replaced with distance learning, requiring nursing academics to adapt to providing a completely virtual approach to their teaching. This article provides examples of tools that can be used to deliver the theoretical component of the undergraduate nursing curriculum and ways of supporting students and colleagues in these unprecedented times."}, {"pmid": 32464106, "pmcid": "PMC7247797", "title": "HIV postexposure prophylaxis during COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Junejo, Muhammad", "Girometti, Nicolo", "McOwan, Alan", "Whitlock, Gary"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464106", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292897, "pmcid": "PMC7118639", "title": "A systems approach to preventing and responding to COVID-19.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Bradley, Declan Terence", "Mansouri, Mariam Abdulmonem", "Kee, Frank", "Garcia, Leandro Martin Totaro"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292897", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312584, "pmcid": "PMC7152882", "title": "Operating during the COVID-19 pandemic: How to reduce medical error.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Ellis, R", "Hay-David, A G C", "Brennan, P A"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312584", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our professional and private lives changed on March 11 2020 when the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO. By March 16, surgical training was suspended, MRCS and FRCS examinations cancelled and all courses postponed. In theory, essential cancer surgery, emergency and trauma operating will continue. All elective, non-essential cases are currently cancelled. While we adapt to our new ways of working, we remind ourselves that surgeons are flexible, resilient and, ultimately, we are doctors in the first instance. We present a short article on operating during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32255477, "pmcid": "PMC7184329", "title": "Strategies to control COVID-19 and future pandemics in Africa and around the globe.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Fanidi, Anouar", "Jouven, Xavier", "Gaye, Bamba"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255477", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519963, "title": "Mental Health and Behavior During the Early Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Mobile Smartphone and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study in College Students.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Huckins, Jeremy F", "DaSilva, Alex W", "Wang, Weichen", "Hedlund, Elin", "Rogers, Courtney", "Nepal, Subigya K", "Wu, Jialing", "Obuchi, Mikio", "Murphy, Eilis I", "Meyer, Meghan L", "Wagner, Dylan D", "Holtzheimer, Paul E", "Campbell, Andrew T"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519963", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Worldwide, the vast majority of people have been impacted by COVID-19. While millions of individuals have become infected, billions of individuals have been asked or required by local and national governments to change their behavioral patterns. Previous research on epidemics or traumatic events suggest this can lead to profound behavioral and mental health changes, but rarely are researchers able to track these changes with frequent, near real-time sampling or compare these to previous years of data on the same individuals. We seek to answer two overarching questions by combining mobile phone sensing and self-reported mental health data among college students participating in a longitudinal study for the past two years. First, have behaviors and mental health changed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to previous time periods within the same participants? Second, did behavior and mental health changes track the relative news coverage of COVID-19 in the US media? Behaviors such as the number of locations visited, distance traveled, duration of phone usage, number of phone unlocks, sleep duration and sedentary time were measured using the StudentLife mobile smartphone sensing app. Depression and anxiety were assessed using weekly self-reported Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMAs) of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). Participants were 217 undergraduate students, with 178 students having data during the Winter 2020 term. Differences in behaviors and self-reported mental health collected during the Winter 2020 term (the term in which the coronavirus pandemic started), as compared to previous terms in the same cohort, were modeled using mixed linear models. During the initial COVID-19 impacted academic term (Winter 2020), individuals were more sedentary and reported increased anxiety and depression symptoms (P<.001), relative to the previous academic terms and subsequent academic breaks. Interactions between the Winter 2020 term and week of academic term (linear and quadratic) were significant. In a mixed linear model, phone usage, number of locations visited, and week of the term, were strongly associated with increased coronavirus-related news. When mental health metrics (e.g., depression and anxiety) were added to the previous measures (week of term, number of locations visited, and phone usage), both anxiety (P<.001) and depression (P=.029) were significantly associated with coronavirus-related news. Compared with prior academic terms, individuals in Winter 2020 were more sedentary, anxious, and depressed. A wide variety of behaviors, including increased phone usage, decreased physical activity, and fewer locations visited, are associated with fluctuations in COVID-19 news reporting. While this large-scale shift in mental health and behavior is unsurprising, its characterization is particularly important to help guide the development of methods that could reduce the impact of future catastrophic events on the mental health of the population. "}, {"pmid": 32379115, "pmcid": "PMC7219834", "title": "What's Important: Weathering the COVID-19 Crisis: Time for Leadership, Vigilance, and Unity.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Halawi, Mohamad J", "Wang, Daniel D", "Hunt, Thomas R 3rd"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379115", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31986257, "pmcid": "PMC7135038", "title": "A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wang, Chen", "Horby, Peter W", "Hayden, Frederick G", "Gao, George F"], "date": "2020-01-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31986257", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335628, "title": "Air Medical Evacuation of Nepalese Citizen During Epidemic of COVID-19 from Wuhan to Nepal.", "journal": "JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc", "authors": ["Rajbhandari, Bibek", "Phuyal, Naveen", "Shrestha, Bikal", "Thapa, Moon"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335628", "countries": ["China", "India", "Nepal", "Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the world was disrupted by the news of a new strain of virus known as Novel Corona virus, taking lives of many in China. Wuhan, the capital of Central China's Hubei province is said to be the place where the outbreak started. The city went on a lockdown as the disease spread rapidly. After the lockdown, most countries like India and Bangladesh airlifted their citizens who were studying in Wuhan. Similarly, Nepal also has many youth studying medicine in Wuhan. Pleas for help from the students reached the government. This was a first encounter of such experience for Nepal government. With the help of Health Emergency Organizing committee, Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Nepal Army Hospital, Nepal Police Hospital, Waste Management team, Nepal Ambulance service, Tribhuwan Airport and Royal Airlines the government of Nepal planned, organized and successfully brought back all the 175 students on 15 the February, 2019 from Wuhan, China. The aim of the present article is to share the experience, the challenges faced and recommendations for future similar cases. Keywords: evacuation; Nepal; Novel Corona virus; Wuhan."}, {"pmid": 32404210, "title": "Counselling Clients During New York City's Covid-19 Pandemic: Observations on fundamental elements of emotions management.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Sweeney, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404210", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431286, "title": "COVID-19: A Matter of Planetary, not Only National Health.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Jowell, Ashley", "Barry, Michele"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431286", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the multidimensional and inseparable connection between human health and environmental systems. COVID-19, similar to other emerging zoonotic diseases, has had a devastating impact on our planet. In this perspective, we argue that as humans continue to globalize and encroach on our surrounding natural systems, societies must adopt a \"planetary health lens\" to prepare and adapt to these emerging infectious diseases. This piece further explores other critical components of a planetary health approach to societal response, such as the seasonality of disease patterns, the impact of climate change on infectious disease, and the built environment, which can increase population vulnerabilities to pandemics. To address planetary health threats that cross international borders, such as COVID-19, societies must practice interdependence sovereignty and direct resources to organizations that facilitate shared global governance, and thus can enable us to adapt and ultimately build a more resilient world."}, {"pmid": 32474578, "title": "Monitoring COVID-19 through Trends in Influenza-like Illness and Laboratory-confirmed Influenza and COVID-19 - New York State, excluding New York City, January 1 - April 12, 2020.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rosenberg, Eli S", "Hall, Eric W", "Rosenthal, Elizabeth M", "Maxted, Angela M", "Gowie, Donna L", "Dufort, Elizabeth M", "Blog, Debra S", "Hoefer, Dina", "St George, Kirsten", "Hutton, Brad J", "Zucker, Howard A"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474578", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Innovative monitoring approaches are needed to track the COVID-19 epidemic and potentially assess the impact of community mitigation interventions. In this report, we present temporal data on influenza-like illness, influenza diagnosis and COVID-19 cases for all four regions of New York State through the first six weeks of the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32145216, "pmcid": "PMC7133645", "title": "Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Yangli", "Chen, Haihong", "Tang, Kejing", "Guo, Yubiao"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145216", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516124, "title": "Colon cancer during the coronavirus pandemic - recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia of an elderly woman with multiple co-morbidities", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Pordany, Balint", "Herczeg, Gyorgy", "Mate, Miklos"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516124", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, caused by the new coronavirus, can lead to acute respiratory failure or even sepsis. Patients with multiple co-morbidities are more likely to develop these severe forms of the disease. The aim of this report is to highlight cases the analysis of which might help discover factors that influence the course and mortality of COVID-19 pneumonia. The past medical history of our elderly patient (75-year-old female) includes rectum resection with intraoperative cardiac arrest and successful resuscitation. In January 2020, the patient was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon and concomittant pulmonary embolism. Following 6 weeks of therapeutic dose low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) treatment, the cancerous colonic section was resected. The patient arrested intraoperatively but was successfully resuscitated. On post-operative day 15, the patient developed arterial anastomosis bleed, which necessitated acute right-sided hemicolectomy. Post-operatively she became pyrexial and COVID-19 was confirmed, but later became apyrexial with symptomatic treatment. Subsequently, the patient developed partial anastomosis insufficiency, which resolved with conservative management. Following three negative SARS-CoV-2 tests, she was successfully discharged from hospital. It is worthy of note that due to the active anastomosis bleed the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitor treatment was stopped, and later the patient got infected with SARS-CoV-2. A long-lasting LMWH therapy was performed. The timely management of colorectal carcinoms remains important even during an epidemic. The appropriate treatment of these patients during the pandemic presents a great challenge for all doctors, but, as shown in our case report, surgical treatment of even those with multiple co-morbidities can be successful. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(25): 1059-1062."}, {"pmid": 32522318, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Dental Practice in the United States.", "journal": "Pediatr Dent", "authors": ["Jayaraman, Jayakumar", "Dhar, Vineet", "Moorani, Zeeshan", "Donly, Kevin", "Tinanoff, Norman", "Mitchell, Stephen", "Wright, Tim"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522318", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488446, "pmcid": "PMC7265874", "title": "COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Rutsaert, Lynn", "Steinfort, Nicky", "Van Hunsel, Tine", "Bomans, Peter", "Naesens, Reinout", "Mertes, Helena", "Dits, Hilde", "Van Regenmortel, Niels"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488446", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302404, "pmcid": "PMC7188170", "title": "The Essential Role of Home- and Community-Based Physical Therapists During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Falvey, Jason R", "Krafft, Cindy", "Kornetti, Diana"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302404", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395217, "pmcid": "PMC7202345", "title": "Covid-19 and Children with Immune Thrombocytopenia: Emerging Issues.", "journal": "Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lassandro, Giuseppe", "Palladino, Valentina", "Palmieri, Viviana Valeria", "Amoruso, Anna", "Del Vecchio, Giovanni Carlo", "Giordano, Paola"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395217", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530322, "title": "Letter to the editor: neurosurgical practice in COVID-19 pandemic: from the view of academic departments in India, Japan and China.", "journal": "Br J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Ansari, Ahmed", "Kato, Yoko", "Tang, Jie"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530322", "countries": ["China", "Japan", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429920, "pmcid": "PMC7236869", "title": "Mobile health clinic model in the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned and opportunities for policy changes and innovation.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Attipoe-Dorcoo, Sharon", "Delgado, Rigoberto", "Gupta, Aditi", "Bennet, Jennifer", "Oriol, Nancy E", "Jain, Sachin H"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429920", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mobile Clinics represent an untapped resource for our healthcare system. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated its limitations. Mobile health clinic programs in the US already play important, albeit under-appreciated roles in the healthcare system. They provide access to healthcare especially for displaced or isolated individuals; they offer versatility in the setting of a damaged or inadequate healthcare infrastructure; and, as a longstanding community-based service delivery model, they fill gaps in the healthcare safety-net, reaching social-economically underserved populations in both urban and rural areas. Despite an increasing body of evidence of the unique value of this highly adaptable model of care, mobile clinics are not widely supported. This has resulted in a missed opportunity to deploy mobile clinics during national emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as using these already existing, and trusted programs to overcome barriers to access that are experienced by under-resourced communities. In March, the Mobile Healthcare Association and Mobile Health Map, a program of Harvard Medical School's Family Van, hosted a webinar of over 300 mobile health providers, sharing their experiences, challenges and best practices of responding to COVID 19. They demonstrated the untapped potential of this sector of the healthcare system in responding to healthcare crises. A Call to Action: The flexibility and adaptability of mobile clinics make them ideal partners in responding to pandemics, such as COVID-19. In this commentary we propose three approaches to support further expansion and integration of mobile health clinics into the healthcare system: First, demonstrate the economic contribution of mobile clinics to the healthcare system. Second, expand the number of mobile clinic programs and integrate them into the healthcare infrastructure and emergency preparedness. Third, expand their use of technology to facilitate this integration. Understanding the economic and social impact that mobile clinics are having in our communities should provide the evidence to justify policies that will enable expansion and optimal integration of mobile clinics into our healthcare delivery system, and help us address current and future health crises."}, {"pmid": 32526044, "title": "Alternative management for gynecological cancer care during the COVID-2019 pandemic: A Latin American survey.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Rodriguez, Juliana", "Fletcher, Angelica", "Heredia, Fernando", "Fernandez, Robinson", "Ramirez Salazar, Heidy", "Sanabria, Daniel", "Burbano Luna, Javier", "Guerrero, Eduardo", "Pierre, Marc-Edy", "Rendon, Gabriel J", "Rosero, Indira", "Trujillo, Lina Maria", "Ribeiro, Reitan", "Baiocchi, Glauco", "Lopez Blanco, Aldo", "Malca, Magaly", "Hoegl, Jorge", "Borges Garnica, Alfredo", "Lasso de la Vega, Jorge", "Scasso, Santiago", "Laufer, Joel", "Estrada, Erick Estuarto", "Gutierrez Criado, Armando", "Herbert Nunez, Guillermo Sidney", "Cantu-de Leon, David", "Medina, Gonzalo", "Pendola Gomez, Luis", "Saadi, Jose", "Noll, Florencia", "Arevalo Sandoval, Danilo", "Ferreira Oliveira, Alexandre", "Pareja, Rene"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526044", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the acceptance rate of treatment alternatives for women with either preinvasive conditions or gynecologic cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic among Latin American gynecological cancer specialists. Twelve experts in gynecological cancer designed an electronic survey, according to recommendations from international societies, using an online platform. The survey included 22 questions on five topics: consultation care, preinvasive cervical pathology, and cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. The questionnaire was distributed to 1052 specialists in 14 Latin American countries. A descriptive analysis was carried out using statistical software. A total of 610 responses were received, for an overall response rate of 58.0%. Respondents favored offering teleconsultation as triage for post-cancer treatment follow-up (94.6%), neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer (95.6%), and total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and defining adjuvant treatment with histopathological features in early stage endometrial cancer (85.4%). Other questions showed agreement rates of over 64%, except for review of pathology results in person and use of upfront concurrent chemoradiation for early stage cervical cancer (disagreement 56.4% and 58.9%, respectively). Latin American specialists accepted some alternative management strategies for gynecological cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may reflect the region's particularities."}, {"pmid": 32402114, "pmcid": "PMC7273086", "title": "Managing ocular allergy in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Leonardi, Andrea", "Fauquert, Jean L", "Doan, Serge", "Delgado, Luis", "Andant, Nicolas", "Klimek, Ludger", "Bozkurt, Banu"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402114", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404436, "title": "TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes.", "journal": "Sci Immunol", "authors": ["Zang, Ruochen", "Gomez Castro, Maria Florencia", "McCune, Broc T", "Zeng, Qiru", "Rothlauf, Paul W", "Sonnek, Naomi M", "Liu, Zhuoming", "Brulois, Kevin F", "Wang, Xin", "Greenberg, Harry B", "Diamond, Michael S", "Ciorba, Matthew A", "Whelan, Sean P J", "Ding, Siyuan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404436", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA are frequently observed in COVID-19 patients. However, it is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the human intestine and contributes to possible fecal-oral transmission. Here, we report productive infection of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE2+ mature enterocytes in human small intestinal enteroids. Expression of two mucosa-specific serine proteases, TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4, facilitated SARS-CoV-2 spike fusogenic activity and promoted virus entry into host cells. We also demonstrate that viruses released into the intestinal lumen were inactivated by simulated human colonic fluid, and infectious virus was not recovered from the stool specimens of COVID-19 patients. Our results highlight the intestine as a potential site of SARS-CoV-2 replication, which may contribute to local and systemic illness and overall disease progression."}, {"pmid": 32307717, "pmcid": "PMC7235488", "title": "COVID-19 diagnosis does not rule out other concomitant diseases.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Borghetti, Alberto", "Ciccullo, Arturo", "Visconti, Elena", "Tamburrini, Enrica", "Di Giambenedetto, Simona"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307717", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391986, "title": "Association of COVID-19 With Intimate Partner Violence.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Yahya, Ahmed Saeed", "Khawaja, Shakil", "Chukwuma, Jude"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391986", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520076, "title": "Knowledge of and attitudes toward COVID-19 among parents of child dental patients during the outbreak.", "journal": "Braz Oral Res", "authors": ["Sun, Jin", "Xu, Yan", "Qu, Qian", "Luo, Wei"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520076", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of and attitudes toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the parents of child dental patients in Shenzhen during the outbreak. A structured questionnaire containing 10 questions was used, and each question had 2 or 3 possible answers. The parents of children (aged 0-14 years) who visited the dental department of our hospital last year were eligible to participate in this study. A total of 148 parents were interviewed by telephone in February 2020 by research staff. A total of 94.59% of the parents said they paid high attention to COVID-19 and explained it to their children; 66.22% thought the dental department environment was more dangerous than other public places; 91.89% believed the dental department had a higher risk of virus infection; and 83.78% said they would take their children to a dental department if the children had a severe toothache. Approximately 81.08% of the parents expressed confidence after we informed them about the preventive measures taken in the dental department to ensure safe treatment for their children. In conclusion, all parents were concerned about COVID-19, and most of them had talked about it with their children often. In addition, a considerable percentage of them would not take their children to the dental department even if they had severe dental pain and thought that the dental environment could be more dangerous than other environments. More information about this topic should be delivered to this population."}, {"pmid": 32165414, "title": "Covid-19: GPs call for appraisals and CQC inspections to be suspended.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165414", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32290680, "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Sarzani, Riccardo", "Giulietti, Federico", "Pentima, Chiara Di", "Giordano, Piero", "Spannella, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290680", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423245, "title": "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Biotech Industry.", "journal": "Hum Gene Ther", "authors": ["Reilly, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423245", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519903, "title": "'Virtually Perfect' for Some but Perhaps Not for All: Launching Telemedicine in the Bronx During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Watts, Kara L", "Abraham, Nitya"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519903", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412509, "title": "COVID-19 Comes 40 Years After AIDS - Any Lesson?", "journal": "AIDS Rev", "authors": ["Soriano, Vicente", "Barreiro, Pablo", "Ramos, Jose Manuel", "Eiros, Jose M", "de Mendoza, Carmen"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412509", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has hit health-care systems and societies in an unprecedented manner. In 1981, the first cases of AIDS were reported and wide diagnostic testing helped to characterize high-risk groups and the global burden of the epidemic. With Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19, everything has happened too fast and both cases and fatalities are huge but still uncertain in most places. Diagnostic testing of active and past SARS-CoV-2 infections needs to expand rapidly, ideally using rapid tests. COVID-19 deaths are highly concentrated in the elderly population, with a large proportion of fatalities being \"with\" rather than \"by\" SARS-CoV-2 infection. They are often the result of inadequate health care due to overwhelming demands. To date, there is no specific therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several antivirals are being tested clinically, including remdesivir, at this time the most promising. For others such as lopinavir/ritonavir, neither significant virological nor clinical benefit has been shown. Given the characteristic pulmonary cytokine storm underlying the pathogenic mechanism of severe COVID-19 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress, antiinflammatory agents are being investigated. The benefit of orticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, etc., is limited. Monoclonal antibodies targeting different pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin 6 agent, are being tried with encouraging results. Ultimately a protective vaccine will be the best response for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32444200, "pmcid": "PMC7205648", "title": "Peer Influence in Adolescence: Public-Health Implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "Trends Cogn Sci", "authors": ["Andrews, Jack L", "Foulkes, Lucy", "Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444200", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the widespread implementation of social distancing measures. Adhering to social distancing may be particularly challenging for adolescents, for whom interaction with peers is especially important. We argue that young people's capacity to encourage each other to observe social distancing rules should be harnessed."}, {"pmid": 32453685, "title": "Acute Cerebral Stroke with Multiple Infarctions and COVID-19, France, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zayet, Souheil", "Klopfenstein, Timothee", "Kovacs, Robert", "Stancescu, Silviu", "Hagenkotter, Beate"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453685", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe 2 cases in coronavirus disease patients in France involving presumed thrombotic stroke that occurred during ongoing anticoagulation treatment for atrial fibrillation stroke prophylaxis; 1 patient had positive antiphospholipid antibodies. These cases highlight the severe and unique consequences of coronavirus disease-associated stroke."}, {"pmid": 32531174, "title": "New Insights for the Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Related Dysgeusia.", "journal": "J Dent Res", "authors": ["Mariz, B A L A", "Brandao, T B", "Ribeiro, A C P", "Lopes, M A", "Santos-Silva, A R"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531174", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401374, "pmcid": "PMC7272912", "title": "Prolonged SARS-Cov-2 RNA Detection in Anal/Rectal Swabs and Stool Specimens in COVID-19 Patients After Negative Conversion in Nasopharyngeal RT-PCR Test.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kipkorir, Vincent", "Cheruiyot, Isaac", "Ngure, Brian", "Misiani, Musa", "Munguti, Jeremiah"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401374", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly escalating pandemic that has spread to many parts of the world. Current data available on COVID-19 would suggest that SARS-CoV-2 virus is shed through the gastrointestinal system via feces. Some reports further indicate that a subset of COVID-19 patients may continue to have positive SARS-CoV-2 anal/rectal swab and stool test after negative conversion of nasopharyngeal test. This paper analyses current literature to so as to shed some light on this issue. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32366695, "pmcid": "PMC7199903", "title": "Site-specific glycan analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Watanabe, Yasunori", "Allen, Joel D", "Wrapp, Daniel", "McLellan, Jason S", "Crispin, Max"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366695", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, represents a significant threat to global human health. Vaccine development is focused on the principal target of the humoral immune response, the spike (S) glycoprotein, which mediates cell entry and membrane fusion. SARS-CoV-2 S gene encodes 22 N-linked glycan sequons per protomer, which likely play a role in protein folding and immune evasion. Here, using a site-specific mass spectrometric approach, we reveal the glycan structures on a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S immunogen. This analysis enables mapping of the glycan-processing states across the trimeric viral spike. We show how SARS-CoV-2 S glycans differ from typical host glycan processing, which may have implications in viral pathobiology and vaccine design."}, {"pmid": 32409431, "title": "Point-of-care ultrasound and COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Fox, Steven", "Dugar, Siddharth"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409431", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Point-of-care ultrasound has an important role in the management of patients with COVID-19 infection. Because the utility of each application varies by setting, individual institutions should consider how they can best use ultrasound within their specific environments. In general, procedural guidance and focused echocardiography are high yield. Lung ultrasound has the potential to aid the diagnosis and management of patients with COVID-19 infection. Lower extremity point-of-care ultrasound for deep vein thrombosis may help guide decision making regarding anticoagulation or undifferentiated shock. It is of the utmost priority that ultrasound not spread infection, so point-of-care ultrasound must be used only when clinically indicated. Institutions should have protocols for machine disinfection."}, {"pmid": 32370275, "title": "Preparedness of Frontline Doctors in Jordan Healthcare Facilities to COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Suleiman, Aiman", "Bsisu, Isam", "Guzu, Hasan", "Santarisi, Abeer", "Alsatari, Murad", "Abbad, Ala'", "Jaber, Ahmad", "Harb, Taima'a", "Abuhejleh, Ahmad", "Nadi, Nisreen", "Aloweidi, Abdelkarim", "Almustafa, Mahmoud"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370275", "countries": ["Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease of 2019) cases in Jordan is rising rapidly. A serious threat to the healthcare system appears on the horizon. Our study aims to evaluate preparedness of Jordanian frontline doctors to the worsening scenario. It has a questionnaire-based cross-sectional structure. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate preparedness according to knowledge about virus transmission and protective measures, adherence to protection guidelines, and psychological impacts affecting doctors. Institutional factors affecting doctors' readiness like adopting approach protocols and making protection equipment available were investigated; 308 doctors from different healthcare facilities participated (response rate: 53.9%). Approximately 25% of doctors (n = 77) previously took care of COVID-19 patients, and 173 (56.2%) have institutional COVID-19 approach protocols. Only 57 doctors (18.5%) reported all PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) available. The self-reported score of preparedness to deal with COVID-19 patients was 4.9 \u00b1 2.4. Doctors having institutional protocols for dealing with COVID-19 cases and those with sustained availability of PPE reported higher scores of preparedness (5.5 \u00b1 2.3 and 6.2 \u00b1 2.1 with p < 0.001, respectively). Correlations with knowledge score, adherence to PPE score, and psychological impacts were investigated. The study revealed multiple challenges and insufficiencies that can affect frontline doctors' preparedness. Policy makers are urged to take these findings into consideration and to act promptly."}, {"pmid": 32502316, "title": "COVID-19 Infection in Early Post-Operative Period after Liver Transplantation.", "journal": "Liver Transpl", "authors": ["Massoumi, Hatef", "Rocca, Juan", "Frager, Shalom", "Kinkhabwala, Milan"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502316", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read the recently published article by Drs. Agopian, Verna and Goldberg (1) with great interest.\u00a0The authors have provided an\u00a0important\u00a0assessment of liver transplant\u00a0volumes\u00a0across the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) regions\u00a0from February to March of 2019 and 2020.\u00a0The study\u00a0revealed a significant center-based difference in volume of transplant particularly\u00a0among centers located in the same metropolitan areas including\u00a0New York City."}, {"pmid": 32409325, "title": "Covid-19: The support UK care homes need to survive.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Carter, Rachel"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409325", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450265, "pmcid": "PMC7255129", "title": "Perceptions of Occupational Risk and Changes in Clinical Practice of U.S. Vitreoretinal Surgery Fellows during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ophthalmol Retina", "authors": ["Khan, M Ali", "Sivalingam, Arunan", "Haller, Julia A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450265", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess perceptions of occupational risk and changes to clinical practice of ophthalmology trainees in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. An anonymous, non-validated, cross-sectional survey was conducted online. Data was collected from April 7-16, 2020. 2019-2020 second year U.S. vitreoretinal surgery fellows in two-year vitreoretinal surgery training programs were invited to participate. Online survey. Survey questions assessed policies guiding COVID-19 response, known or suspected exposure to SARS-CoV-2, changes in clinical duties and volume, and methods to reduce occupational risk including availability of personal protective equipment. Completed responses were obtained from 62 of 87 eligible recipients (71.2% response rate). Training settings included academic (58.1%), hybrid academic/private practice (35.5%), and private practice only settings (6.5%). Overall, 19.4% of respondents reported an exposure to a COVID-19 positive patient, 14.5% reported self-quarantining due to possible exposure, and 11.3% reported being tested for COVID-19. In regards to PPE, N95 masks were available in the emergency room (n=40, 64.5%), office (n=35, 56.5%), and operating room settings (n=35, 56.5%). Perceived comfort level with PPE recommendations was significantly associated with availability of an N95 respirator mask in the clinic (p<0.001), emergency room (p<0.001) or operating room (p=0.002) settings. Additional risk mitigation methods outside of PPE were: reduction in patient volume (n=62, 100%), limiting patient companions (n=59, 95.2%), use of a screening process (n=59, 95.2%), use of a slit lamp face shield (n=57, 91.9%), temperature screening of all persons entering clinical space (n=34, 54.84%), and placement of face mask on patients (n=33, 53.2%). Overall, 16.1% reported additional clinical duties within the scope of ophthalmology, and 3.2% reported being re-deployed to non-ophthalmology services. 98.4% of respondents expected a reduction in surgical case volume. No respondents reported loss of employment or reduction in pay or benefits due to COVID-19. and Relevance: Suspected or confirmed clinical exposure to COVID-19 positive patients occurred in approximately one-fifth of trainee respondents. Perceived comfort level with PPE standards was significantly associated with N95 respirator mask availability. As surgical training programs grapple with the COVID-19 pandemic, analysis of trainees' concerns may inform development of mitigation strategies."}, {"pmid": 32422428, "pmcid": "PMC7194045", "title": "Venous cerebral thrombosis in COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Garaci, Francesco", "Di Giuliano, Francesca", "Picchi, Eliseo", "Da Ros, Valerio", "Floris, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422428", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330309, "pmcid": "PMC7264508", "title": "Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected case with viral detection positive in stool but negative in nasopharyngeal samples lasts for 42 days.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Jiang, Xuejun", "Luo, Mei", "Zou, Zhen", "Wang, Xu", "Chen, Chengzhi", "Qiu, Jingfu"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330309", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463179, "title": "Exposure to DPP-4 inhibitors and COVID-19 among people with type 2 diabetes. A case-control study.", "journal": "Diabetes Obes Metab", "authors": ["Fadini, Gian Paolo", "Morieri, Mario Luca", "Longato, Enrico", "Bonora, Benedetta Maria", "Pinelli, Silvia", "Selmin, Elisa", "Voltan, Giacomo", "Falaguasta, Daniele", "Tresso, Silvia", "Costantini, Giorgia", "Sparacino, Giovanni", "Di Camillo, Barbara", "Tramontan, Lara", "Cattelan, Anna Maria", "Vianello, Andrea", "Fioretto, Paola", "Vettor, Roberto", "Avogaro, Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463179", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Because other coronaviruses enter the cells by binding to dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4), it has been speculated that DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) may exert an activity against SARS-CoV-2. In the absence of clinical trial results, we analyzed epidemiological data to support or discard such hypothesis. We retrieved information on exposure to DPP-4i among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) hospitalized for COVID-19 at an outbreak hospital in Italy. As reference, we retrieved exposure to DPP-4i among matched T2D patients in the same Region. Of 403 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 85 had T2D. The rate of exposure to DPP-4i was similar between T2D patients with COVID-19 (10.6%) and 14 857 matched patients in the Region (8.8%), or 793 matched patients in the local outpatient clinic (15.4%), 8284 matched patients hospitalized for other reasons (8.5%), and when comparing 71 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia (11.3%) to 351 matched patients with pneumonia of other etiology (10.3%). T2D patients with COVID-19 who were on DPP-4i had a similar disease outcome as those who were not. In summary, we found no evidence that DPP-4i might affect hospitalization for COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32316056, "title": "[Management of Patients with COVID-19 - Recommendations from a Palliative Care Perspective].", "journal": "Pneumologie", "authors": ["Nehls, W", "Delis, S", "Haberland, B", "Maier, B O", "Sanger, K", "Tessmer, G", "Radbruch, L", "Bausewein, C"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316056", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372756, "pmcid": "PMC7201951", "title": "Letter to the editor: Evidence on school closure and children's social contact: useful for coronavirus disease (COVID-19)?", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Poletti, Michele", "Raballo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234457, "pmcid": "PMC7195039", "title": "COVID-19 in children: More than meets the eye.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hagmann, Stefan H F"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234457", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412226, "title": "A Case of COVID-19 Infection: Chief Symptom, Diarrhea.", "journal": "Am Fam Physician", "authors": ["Meyers, Matthew H"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412226", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229575, "title": "Covid-19: Mercedes F1 to provide breathing aid as alternative to ventilator.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229575", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249943, "title": "A comparative-descriptive analysis of clinical characteristics in 2019-coronavirus-infected children and adults.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Han, Ya-Nan", "Feng, Zhan-Wei", "Sun, Li-Na", "Ren, Xiao-Xia", "Wang, Hua", "Xue, Yong-Ming", "Wang, Yi", "Fang, Ying"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249943", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute respiratory disease caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has rapidly spread throughout China. Children and adults show a different clinical course. The purpose of the current study is to comparatively analyze the clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection in children and adults and to explore the possible causes for the discrepancies present. The medical records of 25 adults and 7 children confirmed cases of 2019-2019-nCoV acute respiratory diseases were reviewed retrospectively. All children were family clusters. The total adult patients were differentiated into the local residents of Wuhan, a history of travel to Wuhan and direct contact with people from Wuhan. The numbers were 14 (56%), 10 (40%), and 1 (4%), respectively. The median incubation period of children and adults was 5 days (ranged, 3-12 days) and 4 days (ranged, 2-12 days), respectively. Diarrhoea and/or vomiting (57.1%) were demic by World Health Organiza more common in children, whereas for adults it was myalgia or fatigue (52%). On admission, the percentage of children having pneumonia (5%, 71.4%) was roughly the same as adults (20%, 80%). A total of 20% of adults had leucopoenia, but leukocytosis was more frequently in children (28.6%, P=.014). A higher number of children had elevated creatine kinase isoenzyme (57.1% vs 4%, P=.004). Antiviral therapy was given to all adult patients but to none of the children. In summary, knowledge of these differences between children and adults will not only be helpful for the clinical diagnosis of\u00a02019-nCoV disease, but also for a future discussion on age-specific coronavirus infection."}, {"pmid": 32343419, "pmcid": "PMC7267641", "title": "The application of Temporary Ark Hospitals in controlling COVID-19 spread: the experiences of one Temporary Ark Hospital, Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yuan, Yan", "Qiu, Tao", "Wang, Tianyu", "Zhou, Jiangqiao", "Ma, Yonggang", "Liu, Xiuheng", "Deng, Hongping"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343419", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China spread worldwide, resulting in a large number of deaths. Temporary Ark hospitals (TAH) have played an important role in controlling the spread of the epidemic in the city of Wuhan. Taking one TAH with 800 beds as an example, we summarized details of the layout, setting, working mode of medical staffs, patient management, admission standards, discharge standards, and standards for transferring to another hospital, hospital operation, and so on. Over the period of operation, a total of 1,124 patients were admitted for treatment. Of these, 833 patients were cured and discharged from the hospital and 291 patients were transferred to other designated hospitals owing to aggravation of their condition. The achievement is to have zero infection for medical staff, zero in-hospital deaths among admitted patients, and zero readmission for discharged patients. The rapid deployment of TAH provided a suitable place for treating mild/moderate or no asymptomatic COVID-19 patients and successfully helped to control the infection in Wuhan. The successful model of TAH would rapidly and effectively control the spread of COVID-19 in other cities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32071063, "title": "Coronavirus covid-19 has killed more people than SARS and MERS combined, despite lower case fatality rate.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32071063", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430579, "pmcid": "PMC7236641", "title": "[18F]-FDG PET/CT for suspected lymphoma relapse in a patient with concomitant pneumococcal pneumonia during COVID-19 outbreak: unexpected SARS-Cov-2 co-infection despite double RT-PCR negativity.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Zanoni, Lucia", "Mosconi, Cristina", "Cervati, Veronica", "Diegoli, Margherita", "Monteduro, Francesco", "Golfieri, Rita", "Fanti, Stefano"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430579", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424906, "title": "Optimizing Medication Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Implementation Guide for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Brandt, Nicole", "Steinman, Michael A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424906", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496238, "title": "COVID-19 vaccine development and the way forward.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Arora, Narendra Kumar", "Das, Manoja Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496238", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The whole globe is reeling under the COVID-19 pandemic now. With the scale and severity of infection, number of deaths and lack of any definite therapeutic armamentarium, the vaccine development has been accelerated at a never-before pace. A wide variety of vaccine technologies and platforms are being attempted. Out of the over 108 efforts, 100 are in preclinical and eight in Phase 1 or 2 trial stage. While the availability of newer technologies has facilitated development, there are several challenges on the way including limited understanding of the pathophysiology, targeting humoral or mucosal immunity, lack of suitable animal model, poor success of human severe acute respiratory syndrome/Middle East Respiratory Syndrome vaccines, limited efficacy of influenza vaccines, and immune exaggeration with animal coronavirus vaccines. With the current scenario with political, funding, research, and regulatory supports, if everything sails through smoothly, the successful vaccine is expected in 12-18 months. Modestly efficacious vaccine may be also a good achievement."}, {"pmid": 32255507, "pmcid": "PMC7262251", "title": "COVID-19 and Older Adults: What We Know.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Shahid, Zainab", "Kalayanamitra, Ricci", "McClafferty, Brendan", "Kepko, Douglas", "Ramgobin, Devyani", "Patel, Ravi", "Aggarwal, Chander Shekher", "Vunnam, Ramarao", "Sahu, Nitasa", "Bhatt, Dhirisha", "Jones, Kirk", "Golamari, Reshma", "Jain, Rohit"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255507", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus that causes COVID-19 infection, has recently emerged and caused a deadly pandemic. Studies have shown that this virus causes worse outcomes and a higher mortality rate in older adults and those with comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). A significant percentage of older American adults have these diseases, putting them at a higher risk of infection. Additionally, many adults with hypertension, diabetes, and CKD are placed on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers. Studies have shown that these medications upregulate the ACE-2 receptor, the very receptor that the SARS-CoV-2 virus uses to enter host cells. Although it has been hypothesized that this may cause a further increased risk of infection, more studies on the role of these medications in COVID-19 infections are necessary. In this review, we discuss the transmission, symptomatology, and mortality of COVID-19 as they relate to older adults, and possible treatments that are currently under investigation. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:926-929, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32246996, "pmcid": "PMC7195308", "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: how the Italian public is being informed.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Antonelli, G", "Capobianchi, M R", "Riva, E"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246996", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215827, "pmcid": "PMC7100427", "title": "Take precautions beforehand: calling for clinical trials of pediatric drugs for treating coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Ni, Shao-Qing", "Fu, Qi-Bo", "Shou, Xin-Yi", "Shu, Qiang"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215827", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32027035, "pmcid": "PMC7166881", "title": "Transmission dynamics and evolutionary history of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Xingguang", "Wang, Wei", "Zhao, Xiaofang", "Zai, Junjie", "Zhao, Qiang", "Li, Yi", "Chaillon, Antoine"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32027035", "countries": ["China", "Thailand", "United States"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the time origin, genetic diversity, and transmission dynamics of the recent 2019-nCoV outbreak in China and beyond, a total of 32 genomes of virus strains sampled from China, Thailand, and the USA with sampling dates between 24 December 2019 and 23 January 2020 were analyzed. Phylogenetic, transmission network, and likelihood-mapping analyses of the genome sequences were performed. On the basis of the likelihood-mapping analysis, the increasing tree-like signals (from 0% to 8.2%, 18.2%, and 25.4%) over time may be indicative of increasing genetic diversity of 2019-nCoV in human hosts. We identified three phylogenetic clusters using the Bayesian inference framework and three transmission clusters using transmission network analysis, with only one cluster identified by both methods using the above genome sequences of 2019-nCoV strains. The estimated mean evolutionary rate for 2019-nCoV ranged from 1.7926 \u00d7\u200910-3 to 1.8266\u2009\u00d7\u200910-3 substitutions per site per year. On the basis of our study, undertaking epidemiological investigations and genomic data surveillance could positively impact public health in terms of guiding prevention efforts to reduce 2019-nCOV transmission in real-time."}, {"pmid": 32078801, "pmcid": "PMC7154513", "title": "The Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: What We Know and What We Don't.", "journal": "Cell", "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078801", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449802, "title": "May we target double membrane vesicles and oxysterol-binding protein to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Cell Biol Int", "authors": ["Shahmohamadnejad, Shiva", "Nabavi, Seyed Fazel", "Habtemariam, Solomon", "Sarkar, Kasturi", "Sil, Parames C", "Dowran, Razieh", "Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449802", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first human infection of SARS-CoV-2 was reported in the Hubei (Wuhan) province of China, the world has been facing a relentless degree of socioeconomic and medical crisis. The disease of SARS-CoV-2 infection which is now called the COVID-19 pandemic has spread to several countries across the globe (Nicastri et al., 2020). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32435059, "pmcid": "PMC7239689", "title": "A suspicious role of interferon in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 by enhancing expression of ACE2.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Su, Shan", "Jiang, Shibo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435059", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371934, "title": "Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Leung, Nancy H L", "Chu, Daniel K W", "Shiu, Eunice Y C", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "McDevitt, James J", "Hau, Benien J P", "Yen, Hui-Ling", "Li, Yuguo", "Ip, Dennis K M", "Peiris, J S Malik", "Seto, Wing-Hong", "Leung, Gabriel M", "Milton, Donald K", "Cowling, Benjamin J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371934", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We identified seasonal human coronaviruses, influenza viruses and rhinoviruses in exhaled breath and coughs of children and adults with acute respiratory illness. Surgical face masks significantly reduced detection of influenza virus RNA in respiratory droplets and coronavirus RNA in aerosols, with a trend toward reduced detection of coronavirus RNA in respiratory droplets. Our results indicate that surgical face masks could prevent transmission of human coronaviruses and influenza viruses from symptomatic individuals."}, {"pmid": 32366504, "title": "Preventing psychological injury during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Roycroft, Matthew", "Wilkes, Daniel", "Fleming, Simon", "Pattani, Shriti", "Olsson-Brown, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366504", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32052846, "pmcid": "PMC7074654", "title": "The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Liu, Ying", "Gayle, Albert A", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Rocklov, Joacim"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32052846", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379909, "pmcid": "PMC7267668", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 possible contamination of genital area: implications for sexual and vertical transmission routes.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Delfino, M", "Guida, M", "Patri, A", "Spirito, L", "Gallo, L", "Fabbrocini, G"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379909", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397847, "pmcid": "PMC7222542", "title": "Currently available intravenous immunoglobulin contains antibodies reacting against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antigens.", "journal": "Immunotherapy", "authors": ["Diez, Jose-Maria", "Romero, Carolina", "Gajardo, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397847", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aim: There is a critical need for effective therapies that are immediately available to control the spread of COVID-19 disease. Material & methods: Gamunex\u00ae-C and Flebogamma\u00ae DIF (Grifols) intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products were tested using ELISA techniques for antibodies against several antigens of human common betacoronaviruses that may crossreact with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Results: Both IVIGs showed consistent reactivity to components of the tested viruses. Positive crossreactivity was seen in SARS-CoV, middle east respiratory syndrome-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. For SARS-CoV-2, positive reactivity was observed at IVIG concentrations ranging from 100\u00a0\u03bcg/ml with Gamunex-C to 1\u00a0mg/ml with Flebogamma 5% DIF. Conclusion: Gamunex-C and Flebogamma DIF contain antibodies reacting against SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Studies to confirm the utility of IVIG preparations for COVID-19 management may be warranted."}, {"pmid": 32408725, "title": "The Role of Spine Surgeons in the Era of COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Neurospine", "authors": ["Wang, Biao"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474559, "title": "Contact lens use at the time of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic for healthcare workers.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Bhargava, Raghav"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474559", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360862, "title": "Virtual Ophthalmology: Telemedicine in a Covid-19 Era.", "journal": "Am J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Saleem, Sophia Mirza", "Pasquale, Louis R", "Sidoti, Paul A", "Tsai, James C"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360862", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss the effects of the SARS-Cov-2 betacoronavirus on ambulatory ophthalmology practices, the value proposition of telemedicine, tele-ophthalmology implementation methodologies, and the accelerated future of telemedicine. Review of the current telehealth landscape including usage, policies, and techniques for ambulatory practice integration. We provide author-initiated review of recent trends in telehealth, governmental recommendations for healthcare delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic, and a PubMed Central query for telemedicine in ophthalmology or tele-ophthalmology. In addition, authors' comprehensive experience in telemedicine design and implementation is provided. A summary describing the present state of telehealth, tele-ophthalmology modeling, care delivery, and the proposed impact of telehealth surges on the future of ophthalmology practice. Recent patient and provider interest in telemedicine, the relaxation of regulatory restrictions, increased remote care reimbursement, and ongoing social distancing practices compels many ophthalmologists to consider virtualizing services."}, {"pmid": 32416988, "pmcid": "PMC7183972", "title": "Minimising droplet and virus spread during and after tracheal extubation.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Kristensen, Michael S", "Thomsen, Jakob L D"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416988", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420751, "title": "Evaluation of the Adjuvant Efficacy of Natural Herbal Medicine on COVID-19: A Retrospective Matched Case-Control Study.", "journal": "Am J Chin Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Hai-Tao", "Huang, Ming-Xing", "Liu, Xi", "Zheng, Xin-Chun", "Li, Xing-Hua", "Chen, Gong-Qi", "Xia, Jin-Yu", "Hong, Zhong-Si"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420751", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei province, the epidemic scale has increased rapidly, and no effective antiviral drug therapy has been identified yet. This study aimed to evaluate the adjuvant efficacy of Natural Herbal Medicine (NHM) combined with Western medicine in the treatment of COVID-19. We performed a retrospective, 1:1 matched, case-control study of the first cohort of hospitalized COVID-19-confirmed cases (January 17, 2020 to January 28, 2020). A total of 22 of the 36 confirmed patients were included in this study, split into two groups of 11: the NHM group (NHM combined standard Western medicine treatment) and control group (standard Western medicine treatment alone). All patients received appropriate supportive care and regular clinical and laboratory monitoring. Main evaluation indicators included improvement of clinical symptoms such as fever, cough and diarrhea after hospitalization; pathogen nucleic acid test result of respiratory tract and fecal specimens of the patient after hospitalization, and change of chest CT examination after hospitalization. The duration of fever in the NHM group (\n                        3\n                        .\n                        4\n                        \u00b1\n                        2\n                        .\n                        4\n                     days) was significantly shorter than that in the control group (\n                        5\n                        .\n                        6\n                        \u00b1\n                        2\n                        .\n                        2\n                     days) (\n                        p\n                        =\n                        0\n                        .\n                        0\n                        3\n                    ). During the whole hospitalization period, the number of cases with diarrhea in the NHM group (two cases) was less than that in the control group (eight cases) (\n                        p\n                        =\n                        0\n                        .\n                        0\n                        3\n                    ). Compared with the control group (\n                        7\n                        .\n                        5\n                        \u00b1\n                        1\n                        .\n                        6\n                    ), the duration for improvement (DI) of chest CT in the NHM group (\n                        5\n                        .\n                        6\n                        \u00b1\n                        2\n                        .\n                        3\n                    ) was significantly shorter (\n                        p\n                        =\n                        0\n                        .\n                        0\n                        4\n                    ). Our results suggest that NHM could improve the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients and may be effective in treating COVID-19; thus, a larger, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial should be conducted to further evaluate the adjuvant efficacy of NHM in the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32394639, "title": "COVID-19 and comorbidities: A role for dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in disease severity?", "journal": "J Diabetes", "authors": ["Bassendine, Margaret F", "Bridge, Simon H", "McCaughan, Geoffrey W", "Gorrell, Mark D"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394639", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a novel betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), similar to SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), which cause acute respiratory distress syndrome and case fatalities. COVID-19 disease severity is worse in older obese patients with comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic lung disease. Cell binding and entry of betacoronaviruses is via their surface spike glycoprotein; SARS-CoV binds to the metalloprotease angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), MERS-CoV utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), and recent modeling of the structure of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein predicts that it can interact with human DPP4 in addition to ACE2. DPP4 is a ubiquitous membrane-bound aminopeptidase that circulates in plasma; it is multifunctional with roles in nutrition, metabolism, and immune and endocrine systems. DPP4 activity differentially regulates glucose homeostasis and inflammation via its enzymatic activity and nonenzymatic immunomodulatory effects. The importance of DPP4 for the medical community has been highlighted by the approval of DPP4 inhibitors, or gliptins, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review discusses the dysregulation of DPP4 in COVID-19 comorbid conditions; DPP4 activity is higher in older individuals and increased plasma DPP4 is a predictor of the onset of metabolic syndrome. DPP4 upregulation may be a determinant of COVID-19 disease severity, which creates interest regarding the use of gliptins in management of COVID-19. Also, knowledge of the chemistry and biology of DPP4 could be utilized to develop novel therapies to block viral entry of some betacoronaviruses, potentially including SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32335991, "pmcid": "PMC7267142", "title": "Protecting the psychological well-being of healthcare providers affected by the COVID-19 outbreak: Implications for the psychological rescue work of international community.", "journal": "Nurs Health Sci", "authors": ["Hu, Xiaolin", "Huang, Wenxia"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335991", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520294, "title": "Federal actions to support and strengthen local efforts to combat COVID-19: Primary Health Care (PHC) in the driver's seat.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Harzheim, Erno", "Martins, Caroline", "Wollmann, Lucas", "Pedebos, Lucas Alexandre", "Faller, Livia de Almeida", "Marques, Maximiliano das Chagas", "Minei, Tales Shinji Sawakuchi", "Cunha, Carlo Roberto Hackmann da", "Telles, Luiz Felipe", "Moura, Luana Jonata Nunes de", "Leal, Marcia Helena", "Rodrigues, Atila Szczecinski", "Rech, Milena Rodrigues Agostinho", "D'Avila, Otavio Pereira"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520294", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Ministry of Health, through the Primary Health Care Secretariat and in partnership with the Secretariat of Health Surveillance, built and implemented Primary Health Care (PHC) strategies within the scope of support to local managers and in partnership with the National Health Secretaries Council (CONASS) and the National Municipal Health Secretariats Council (CONASEMS) to combat COVID-19. These actions have PHC as the main responsible for several areas and physical, human, and financial resources, as well as allow boosting national progress towards the use of information and communication technologies and new partnerships for conducting research."}, {"pmid": 32324352, "title": "[Medication and comedication in COVID-19 patients].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Lenkens, M", "de Wit, H", "Danser, A H", "Esselink, A C", "Horikx, A", "Ten Oever, J", "van de Veerdonk, F", "Kramers, C"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324352", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper discusses the possible effects of comedication on COVID-19 and the current treatment options for this infection. It is very doubtful that comedication has a disadvantageous effect on the course of the disease. NSAIDs should be avoided in any patient with a possible severe disease, because of potential side effects. Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system should be continued when there is a solid indication, and stopped in case of hemodynamic problems. There is no preference for either ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor inhibitors. Currently, chloroquine and remdesivir are possible treatment options. There is no sound evidence for either treatment. Chloroquine has side effects (nausea, QT prolongation) and there are several drug interactions. The treatment should be reconsidered in the event of side effects and when inferior medication for comorbidity must be prescribed because of possible interactions. Lopinavir/ritonavir is not effective. Supportive care is at present the mainstay of the treatment."}, {"pmid": 32423232, "title": "The hidden inequalities of COVID-19.", "journal": "Autism", "authors": ["Pellicano, Elizabeth", "Stears, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423232", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405084, "pmcid": "PMC7219392", "title": "Correlation between environmental pollution indicators and COVID-19 pandemic: A brief study in Californian context.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Bashir, Muhammad Farhan", "Ma, Ben Jiang", "Bilal", "Komal, Bushra", "Bashir, Muhammad Adnan", "Farooq, Taimoor Hassan", "Iqbal, Najaf", "Bashir, Madiha"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405084", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the novel coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak was first detected in Wuhan Hubei province, China. The April 24, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) has confirmed more than 39,000 cases, including >1800 deaths. California's Governor Gavin Newsom ordered mandatory stay at home after World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic in early March. We have evaluated the correlation between environmental pollution determinants and the COVID-19 outbreak in California by using the secondary published data from the Centers for Disease Control and the Environmental Pollution Agency (EPA). We employed Spearman and Kendall correlation tests to analyze the association of PM 2.5, PM 10, SO2, NO2, Pb, VOC, and CO with COVID-19 cases in California. Our findings indicate that environmental pollutants such as PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and CO have a significant correlation with the COVID-19 epidemic in California. Overall, our study is a useful supplement to encourage regulatory bodies to promote changes in environmental policies as pollution source control can reduce the harmful effects of environmental pollutants."}, {"pmid": 32471334, "title": "Particulate multivalent presentation of the receptor binding domain induces protective immune responses against MERS-CoV.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Okba, Nisreen M A", "Widjaja, Ivy", "van Dieren, Brenda", "Aebischer, Andrea", "van Amerongen, Geert", "de Waal, Leon", "Stittelaar, Koert J", "Schipper, Debby", "Martina, Byron", "van den Brand, Judith M A", "Beer, Martin", "Bosch, Berend-Jan", "Haagmans, Bart L"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471334", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a WHO priority pathogen for which vaccines are urgently needed. Using an immune-focusing approach, we created self-assembling particles multivalently displaying critical regions of the MERS-CoV spike protein \u2500fusion peptide, heptad repeat 2, and receptor binding domain (RBD) \u2500 and tested their immunogenicity and protective capacity in rabbits. Using a \"plug-and-display\" SpyTag/SpyCatcher system, we coupled RBD to lumazine synthase (LS) particles producing multimeric RBD-presenting particles (RBD-LS). RBD-LS vaccination induced antibody responses of high magnitude and quality (avidity, MERS-CoV neutralizing capacity, and mucosal immunity) with cross-clade neutralization. The antibody responses were associated with blocking viral replication and upper and lower respiratory tract protection against MERS-CoV infection in rabbits. This arrayed multivalent presentation of the viral RBD using the antigen-SpyTag/LS-SpyCatcher is a promising MERS-CoV vaccine candidate and this platform may be applied for the rapid development of vaccines against other emerging viruses such as SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32460524, "title": "Make Your Pitch: A Flexible Assignment for Engaging Students in Aging.", "journal": "Int J Aging Hum Dev", "authors": ["Goedereis, Eric A", "Gray-Graves, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460524", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given trends in local, national, and global demographics, a need exists for educators in fields that serve older adults to provide innovative and engaging assignments that are relevant and applicable to the diverse contexts in which students are likely to find themselves as they pursue their careers. This article discusses a novel \"elevator pitch\" assignment that could be implemented in a number of ways to fit a variety of pedagogical methods and courses and further tailored to serve the needs of diverse student populations. For those working to actively and successfully recruit, train, and retain students in fields that serve older adults, such flexibility of assignments and delivery are likely to be acutely important as institutions, instructors, and students continue to adapt to rapidly changing developments such as those imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32527573, "title": "Addressing Health Inequities Exacerbated by COVID-19 Among Youth With HIV: Expanding Our Toolkit.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Armbruster, Megan", "Fields, Errol L", "Campbell, Nancy", "Griffith, David C", "Kouoh, Anna Moukouri", "Knott-Grasso, Mary Ann", "Arrington-Sanders, Renata", "Agwu, Allison L"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527573", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Adolescents and young adults, aged 13-24\u00a0years, are disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States. Youth with HIV (YHIV) face many psychosocial and structural challenges resulting in poor clinical outcomes including lower rates of medication adherence and higher rates of uncontrolled HIV. The Johns Hopkins Intensive Primary Care clinic, a longstanding HIV care program in Baltimore, Maryland, cares for 76 YHIV (aged 13-24 years). The multidisciplinary team provides accessible, evidenced-based, culturally sensitive, coordinated and comprehensive patient and family-centered HIV primary care. However, the ability to provide these intensive, in-person services was abruptly disrupted by the necessary institutional, state, and national coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation strategies. As most of our YHIV are from marginalized communities (racial/ethnic, sexual, and gender minorities) with existing health and social inequities that impede successful clinical outcomes and increase HIV disparities, there was heightened concern that COVID-19 would exacerbate these inequities and amplify the known HIV disparities. We chronicle the structural and logistic approaches that our team has taken to proactively address the social determinants of health that will be negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, while supporting YHIV to maintain medication adherence and viral suppression."}, {"pmid": 32382743, "pmcid": "PMC7239264", "title": "COVID-19 Testing, Epidemic Features, Hospital Outcomes, and Household Prevalence, New York State-March 2020.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rosenberg, Eli S", "Dufort, Elizabeth M", "Blog, Debra S", "Hall, Eric W", "Hoefer, Dina", "Backenson, Bryon P", "Muse, Alison T", "Kirkwood, James N", "George, Kirsten St", "Holtgrave, David R", "Hutton, Brad J", "Zucker, Howard A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382743", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The United States' COVID-19 epidemic has grown extensively since February 2020, with substantial associated hospitalizations and mortality; New York State (NYS) has emerged as the national epicenter. We report on the extent of testing and test results during the month of March in NYS, along with risk factors, outcomes, and household prevalence among initial cases subject to in-depth investigations. Specimen collection for COVID-19 testing was conducted in healthcare settings, community-based collection sites, and by home testing teams. Information on demographics, risk factors, and hospital outcomes of cases was obtained through epidemiological investigations and an electronic medical records match, and summarized descriptively. Active testing of initial case's households enabled estimation of household prevalence. During March In NYS, outside of New York City, a total of 47,326 persons tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, out of 141,495 tests (33% test-positive), with the highest number of cases located in the metropolitan region counties. Among 229 initial cases diagnosed through March 12, by March 30 13% were hospitalized and 2% died. Testing conducted among 498 members of these case's households found prevalent infection among 57%; excluding first-reported cases 38%. In these homes, we found a significant age gradient in prevalence, from 23% among those <5 years to 68% among those \u226565 years (p<.0001). New York State faced a substantial and increasing COVID-19 outbreak during March 2020. The earliest cases had high levels of infection in their households and by the end of the month, the risks of hospitalization and death were high."}, {"pmid": 32311495, "pmcid": "PMC7165112", "title": "Nervous system damage after COVID-19 infection: Presence or absence?", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Wu, Yeshun", "Xu, Xiaolin", "Yang, Ling", "Liu, Cunming", "Yang, Chun"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311495", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241685, "pmcid": "PMC7102555", "title": "Climate change, Covid-19, preparedness, and consciousness.", "journal": "Explore (NY)", "authors": ["Schwartz, Stephan A"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241685", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32159317, "title": "[Comparison of epidemic characteristics between SARS in 2003 and COVID-19 in 2020 in Guangzhou].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, X Q", "Cai, W F", "Huang, L F", "Chen, C", "Liu, Y F", "Zhang, Z B", "Yuan, J", "Li, T G", "Wang, M"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159317", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: By analyzing the epidemic characteristics and related indicators of SARS and COVID-19, to explore the reasons for the similarities and differences of the two epidemics, so as to provide reference for epidemic prevention and control. Methods: The general situation, clinical classification, activity history, contact history, family members' contact and incidence of the two infectious diseases in Guangzhou were collected and used to analyze the time characteristics, occupational characteristics, age characteristics and other key indicators of the two diseases, including the number of cases, composition ratio (%), mean, median, crude mortality, etc. Results: A total of 1 072 cases of SARS were included in the study. Three hundred and fifty three were severe cases with the incidence of 30.13%. Forty three cases of death were reported with a mortality rate of 4.01%. The average age was 46 years old, and 26.31% of the cases were medical staff. The interval time between first report to continuous zero reports was 129 days. As to COVID-19, a total of 346 cases were included. 58 of which were severe cases with the incidence of 16.67%. One case of death was reported with a mortality rate of 0.29%. The average age was 38 years old, and no hospital infection among medical staff was reported. The interval time between first report to continuous zero reports was 35 days. Conclusions: The prevention and control strategies for COVID-19 were more effective compared to that of SARS, and the emergency response procedures were worth to be evaluated and summarized."}, {"pmid": 32142651, "pmcid": "PMC7102627", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Hoffmann, Markus", "Kleine-Weber, Hannah", "Schroeder, Simon", "Kruger, Nadine", "Herrler, Tanja", "Erichsen, Sandra", "Schiergens, Tobias S", "Herrler, Georg", "Wu, Nai-Huei", "Nitsche, Andreas", "Muller, Marcel A", "Drosten, Christian", "Pohlmann, Stefan"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142651", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of the novel, pathogenic SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China and its rapid national and international spread pose a global health emergency. Cell entry of coronaviruses depends on binding of the viral spike (S) proteins to cellular receptors and on S protein priming by host cell proteases. Unravelling which cellular factors are used by SARS-CoV-2 for entry might provide insights into viral transmission and reveal therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. A TMPRSS2 inhibitor approved for clinical use blocked entry and might constitute a treatment option. Finally, we show that the sera from convalescent SARS patients cross-neutralized SARS-2-S-driven entry. Our results reveal important commonalities between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection and identify a potential target for antiviral intervention."}, {"pmid": 32363381, "pmcid": "PMC7197576", "title": "Does SARS-CoV-2 cause viral myocarditis in COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Zhou, Ruihai"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363381", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518767, "pmcid": "PMC7262704", "title": "French Spine Surgery Society guidelines for management of spinal surgeries during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "World J Clin Cases", "authors": ["Prost, Solene", "Charles, Yann Philippe", "Allain, Jerome", "Barat, Jean-Luc", "d'Astorg, Henri", "Delhaye, Manuel", "Eap, Chistophe", "Zairi, Fahed", "Guigui, Pierre", "Ilharreborde, Brice", "Meyblum, Jean", "Le Huec, Jean-Charles", "Lonjon, Nicolas", "Lot, Guillaume", "Hamel, Olivier", "Riouallon, Guillaume", "Litrico, Stephane", "Tropiano, Patrick", "Blondel, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518767", "countries": ["France", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 in China, various measures have been adopted in order to attenuate the impact of the virus on the population. With regard to spine surgery, French physicians are devoted to take place in the national plan against COVID-19, the French Spine Surgery Society therefore decided to elaborate specific guidelines for management of spinal disorders during COVID-19 pandemic in order to prioritize management of patients. A three levels stratification was elaborated with Level I: Urgent surgical indications, Level II: Surgical indications associated to a potential loss of chance for the patient and Level III: Non-urgent surgical indications. We also report French experience in a COVID-19 cluster region illustrated by two clinical cases. We hope that the guidelines formulated by the French Spine Surgery Society and the experience of spine surgeons from a cluster region will be helpful in order optimizing the management of patients with urgent spinal conditions during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32231345, "pmcid": "PMC7104723", "title": "Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV) infection by a highly potent pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting its spike protein that harbors a high capacity to mediate membrane fusion.", "journal": "Cell Res", "authors": ["Xia, Shuai", "Liu, Meiqin", "Wang, Chao", "Xu, Wei", "Lan, Qiaoshuai", "Feng, Siliang", "Qi, Feifei", "Bao, Linlin", "Du, Lanying", "Liu, Shuwen", "Qin, Chuan", "Sun, Fei", "Shi, Zhengli", "Zhu, Yun", "Jiang, Shibo", "Lu, Lu"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231345", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China has posed a serious threat to global public health. To develop specific anti-coronavirus therapeutics and prophylactics, the molecular mechanism that underlies viral infection must first be defined. Therefore, we herein established a SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein-mediated cell-cell fusion assay and found that SARS-CoV-2 showed a superior plasma membrane fusion capacity compared to that of SARS-CoV. We solved the X-ray crystal structure of six-helical bundle (6-HB) core of the HR1 and HR2 domains in the SARS-CoV-2 S protein S2 subunit, revealing that several mutated amino acid residues in the HR1 domain may be associated with enhanced interactions with the HR2 domain. We previously developed a pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor, EK1, which targeted the HR1 domain and could inhibit infection by divergent human coronaviruses tested, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Here we generated a series of lipopeptides derived from EK1 and found that EK1C4 was the most potent fusion inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated membrane fusion and pseudovirus infection with IC50s of 1.3 and 15.8\u2009nM, about 241- and 149-fold more potent than the original EK1 peptide, respectively. EK1C4 was also highly effective against membrane fusion and infection of other human coronavirus pseudoviruses tested, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, as well as SARSr-CoVs, and potently inhibited the replication of 5 live human coronaviruses examined, including SARS-CoV-2. Intranasal application of EK1C4 before or after challenge with HCoV-OC43 protected mice from infection, suggesting that EK1C4 could be used for prevention and treatment of infection by the currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging SARSr-CoVs."}, {"pmid": 32077677, "title": "[Management strategy of Novel coronavirus pneumonia in burn and wound care ward].", "journal": "Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, N", "Liu, T M", "Chen, H L", "Liao, J M"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077677", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has already entered a key period . The patients treated in the burn and wound care ward are susceptible to viral infection because of disease, age and other factors, so it is very important to manage the burn and wound care ward during the prevention and control of NCP epidemic. In this paper, combining with the key clinical problems of prevention and control in hospital during the epidemic period of NCP infection, medical evidence, and clinical and management experience, the author formulates prevention and control management strategy of the author's unit in order to provide reference for prevention and control of burn and wound care ward."}, {"pmid": 32469484, "title": "Screening for Covid-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Gandhi, Monica", "Yokoe, Deborah S", "Havlir, Diane V"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469484", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208485, "title": "COVID-19 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: What Is the Evidence?", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Patel, Ankit B", "Verma, Ashish"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208485", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481771, "title": "Keeping Hospitals Safe During the COVID-19 Pandemic Finding inspiration in a father's credo.", "journal": "R I Med J (2013)", "authors": ["Mermel, Leonard A"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481771", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435934, "pmcid": "PMC7238716", "title": "Flowchart for non-invasive ventilation support in COVID-19 patients from a northern Italy Emergency Department.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Privitera, Daniele", "Angaroni, Laura", "Capsoni, Nicolo", "Forni, Elisa", "Pierotti, Federico", "Vincenti, Fabrizio", "Bellone, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435934", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the rapid pandemic spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2), Emergency Departments of affected countries are facing an increasing number of patients presenting with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Providing mechanical support and endotracheal intubation can be challenging due to a number of patients larger than usual, often exceeding available resources. Considering the lack of recommendations available, we developed a flowchart to standardize the first approach to patients presenting to the Emergency Department with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32387057, "pmcid": "PMC7158827", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in appendicular syndrome: Chest CT scan before appendectomy.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Pautrat, K", "Chergui, N"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387057", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The initial clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 may be appendicular syndrome. An abdominal CT scan ruled out a diagnosis of appendicitis and a chest CT scan yielded a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. CT scan is required before considering emergency surgery for acute appendicitis."}, {"pmid": 32379035, "pmcid": "PMC7205001", "title": "Innovation and Knowledge Sharing Can Transform COVID-19 Infection Prevention Response.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Nathavitharana, Ruvandhi R", "Patel, Payal K", "Tierney, Dylan B", "Mehrotra, Preeti", "Lederer, Philip A", "Davis, Sheila", "Nardell, Edward"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379035", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389025, "title": "Emergency Authorization of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Pharmacother", "authors": ["Piszczatoski, Christopher R", "Powell, Jason"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389025", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is suffering a respiratory pandemic disease caused by a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), commonly known as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). The Food and Drug Administration issued an emergency authorization for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as experimental treatments for COVID-19 leading to a shortage of both medications. A literature review conducted in April 2020 shows a lack of high-quality data available, resulting in ambiguous guideline recommendations. Decisions to use either drug should be made with careful consideration of risks versus benefits along with proper monitoring. Because of its higher potency and better safety profile, hydroxychloroquine may be the more reasonable treatment option if treatment is initiated."}, {"pmid": 32166310, "pmcid": "PMC7108172", "title": "A Novel Approach for a Novel Pathogen: using a home assessment team to evaluate patients for 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bryson-Cahn, Chloe", "Duchin, Jeffrey", "Makarewicz, Vanessa A", "Kay, Meagan", "Rietberg, Krista", "Napolitano, Nathanael", "Kamangu, Carole", "Dellit, Timothy H", "Lynch, John B"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166310", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thousands of people in the United States have required testing for SARS-CoV-2. Evaluation for a special pathogen is resource intensive. We report an innovative approach to home assessment that, in collaboration with public health, enables safe evaluation and specimen collection outside the healthcare setting, avoiding unnecessary exposures and resource utilization."}, {"pmid": 32395790, "title": "COVID-19 and Cardiovascular diseases. Scoping review study.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Yahia, Faten", "Zakhama, Lilia", "Ben Abdelaziz, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395790", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many patients with COVID-19 have pre-existing cardiovascular (CV) co-morbidities or develop acute heart damage during the course of the disease. To study the risk of COVID-19 infection in the presence of preexisting CV diseases and to describe new CV manifestations during COVID-19. A \"scoping review\" was carried out via PubMed, to synthesize the results of research currently published on this subject. Patients with cardiovascular disease were at greater risk of developing COVID-19, especially in its severe form. These patients were five to ten times more at risk of death. Cardiac manifestations, de novo, were dominated by acute myocardial damage, defined by a significant elevation of cardiac troponins. These occurred in 7 to 17% of hospitalized patients. The presence of a new heart lesion in patients with COVID-19 was consistently associated with a poor prognosis. Given the enormous cardiovascular challenge posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and the prognostic impact of heart damage, additional research at a high level of evidence will be necessary."}, {"pmid": 32434431, "pmcid": "PMC7243040", "title": "Cardiovascular disease, heart failure and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst", "authors": ["Faconti, Luca", "Chowienczyk, Philip J", "Shah, Ajay M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434431", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430084, "pmcid": "PMC7267103", "title": "Outbreak of COVID-19 in a family, Wenzhou, China.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Zhou, Zu-Mu", "Zhou, Hai-Zhen", "Lin, Xian-Dan", "Su, Zhi-Cheng", "Zhao, Lu-Shuang", "Chen, Xi"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430084", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, China has experienced a widespread outbreak of COVID-19. However, at the early stage of outbreak, investigations revealed a variety of patterns resulting in the transmission of COVID-19. Thus, it is essential to understand the transmission types and the potential for sustained human-to-human transmission. Moreover, the information regarding the characteristics of transmission helps in coordinating the current screening programme, and controlling and containing measures, and also, helps in deciding the appropriate quarantine duration. Thus, this investigation reports an outbreak of COVID-19 in a family residing in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China during the month of January-February 2020."}, {"pmid": 32350772, "pmcid": "PMC7189360", "title": "Development of Telemedicine Infrastructure at an LGBTQ+ Clinic to Support HIV Prevention and Care in Response to COVID-19, Providence, RI.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Rogers, Brooke G", "Coats, Cassie Sutten", "Adams, Emily", "Murphy, Matthew", "Stewart, Cynthia", "Arnold, Trisha", "Chan, Philip A", "Nunn, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350772", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531794, "title": "[In Focus: SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 Pandemic].", "journal": "Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir", "authors": ["Giunta, Riccardo E"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531794", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504979, "pmcid": "PMC7259904", "title": "Drop in urban air pollution from COVID-19 pandemic: Policy implications for the megacity of Sao Paulo.", "journal": "Environ Pollut", "authors": ["Krecl, Patricia", "Targino, Admir Creso", "Oukawa, Gabriel Yoshikazu", "Cassino Junior, Regis Pacheco"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504979", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209554, "title": "Football cannot restart soon during the COVID-19 emergency! A critical perspective from the Italian experience and a call for action.", "journal": "Br J Sports Med", "authors": ["Corsini, Alessandro", "Bisciotti, Gian Nicola", "Eirale, Cristiano", "Volpi, Piero"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209554", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525373, "title": "When time falls apart: The public health implications of distorted time perception in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Holman, E Alison", "Grisham, Emma L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525373", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Collective trauma, like the COVID-19 pandemic, can dramatically alter how we perceive time and view our futures. Indeed, the pandemic has challenged us to cope with an ambiguous, invisible threat that has changed our way of life and made our futures, both near and far, less certain. In this commentary, we review existing literature on time perception in the context of stress and trauma and discuss its implications for mental health and well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32383532, "pmcid": "PMC7267311", "title": "Tracheostomy time-out: New safety tool in the setting of COVID-19.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Dharmarajan, Harish", "Snyderman, Carl H"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383532", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tracheostomy procedures have a high risk of aerosol generation. Airway providers have reflected on ways to mitigate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission risks when approaching a surgical airway. To standardize institutional safety measures with tracheostomy, we advocate using a dedicated tracheostomy time-out applicable to all patients including those suspected of having COVID-19. The aim of the tracheostomy time-out is to reduce preventable errors that may increase the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32348056, "title": "[Organizational Impacts and Clinical Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Swiss Tertiary Internal Medicine Department].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Garnier, Antoine", "Vaucher, Julien", "Bianchi, Christophe", "Kraege, Vanessa", "Mean, Marie", "Castioni, Julien", "Bart, Pierre-Alexandre", "Champier, Valerie", "Eggimann, Philippe", "Gachoud, David", "Jovanovic, Milica", "Lamy, Olivier", "Marques-Vidal, Pedro", "Monti, Matteo", "Perier, Anne", "Robert, Sylvie", "Roulet, Guillaume", "Sartori, Claudio", "Waeber, Gerard", "Vollenweider, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348056", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid progression of COVID-19 is an organizational challenge for all hospitals. To secure the patient overflow, the Department internal medicine of the University Hospital of Lausanne increased nurse and medical workforces as well as bed capacity by 65\u2005%, with extraordinary help from other departments. The implemented crisis management stood upon three pillars\u2005: a crisis management team, steering documents and internal communication. In this new form, the Department had already taken care of 442 COVID-19 admissions by April 16, 2020. Alongside organizational challenges, clinical issues such as rapid respiratory distress, clinical suspicions with negative PCR and treatment uncertainties in the absence of sufficient evidence were overcome. Despite the peak of the pandemic appearing to have passed, the next phase could be just as complicated."}, {"pmid": 32450171, "pmcid": "PMC7243778", "title": "Coronaviruses pandemics: Can neutralizing antibodies help?", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Tong, Phuoc-Bao-Viet", "Lin, Li-Yun", "Tran, Tuan Hiep"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450171", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For the first time in Homo sapiens history, possibly, most of human activities is stopped by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nearly eight billion people of this world are facing a great challenge, maybe not \"to be or not to be\" yet, but unpredictable. What happens to other major pandemics in the past, and how human beings went through these hurdles? The human body is equipped with the immune system that can recognize, respond and fight against pathogens such as viruses. Following the innate response, immune system processes the adaptive response by which each pathogen is encoded and recorded in memory system. The humoral reaction containing cytokines and antibodies is expected to activate when the pathogens come back. Exploiting this nature of body protection, neutralizing antibodies have been investigated. Learning from past, in parallel to SARS-CoV-2, other coronaviruses SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV who caused previous pandemics, are recalled in this review. We here propose insights of origin and characteristics and perspective for the future of antibodies development."}, {"pmid": 32241653, "pmcid": "PMC7195269", "title": "[Epidemiological update on SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain. Comments on the management of infection in pediatrics].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Calvo, Cristina", "Tagarro, Alfredo", "Otheo, Enrique", "Epalza, Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241653", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198918, "pmcid": "PMC7184420", "title": "COVID-19: a fast evolving pandemic.", "journal": "Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Whitworth, Jimmy"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198918", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478713, "title": "US Physicians Trained in Cuba Battle COVID-19 at Home:A Personal Account from the New York City Epicenter.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Reed, Gail"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478713", "countries": ["United States", "Cuba"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Speaking remotely with US graduates of Havana's Latin American School of Medicine (ELAM), I found them at work on hospital floors, in ICUs and health centers across the United States, putting their professional and personal commitment to the test against COVID-19. Nowhere was that more evident than in New York City, the disease's epicenter, where one grad told me virtually every hospital has at least one MD from the Cuban school, which has provided free 6-year medical training for some 30,000 doctors since the school's founding in 1999. The student body comes primarily from low- and middle-income countries worldwide, but Cuba also provided 200 US students with scholarships. One of them is Dr Joaqu\u00edn Morante (ELAM Class of 2012), who did his medical residency in internal medicine, followed by fellowships in pulmonary disease and critical care medicine. Triple-licensed in internal medicine, pulmonary and critical care medicine, he is now an attending physician on staff at Jacobi Medical Center in The Bronx, one of New York City's public hospitals, and considered a 'hot spot' due to its COVID-19 caseload. I spoke with him during a break at home in mid-April.Dr Joaqu\u00edn Morante, ELAM Class of 2012: Pulmonologist, critical care attending physician at Jacobi Medical Center, New York City."}, {"pmid": 32141570, "title": "Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics comparison with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Meo, S A", "Alhowikan, A M", "Al-Khlaiwi, T", "Meo, I M", "Halepoto, D M", "Iqbal, M", "Usmani, A M", "Hajjar, W", "Ahmed, N"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32141570", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human infections with zoonotic coronavirus contain emerging and reemerging pathogenic characteristics which have raised great public health concern. This study aimed at investigating the global prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus, Wuhan China (2019-nCoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection outbreaks. The data on the global outbreak of \"2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV\" were obtained from World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), concerned ministries and research institutes. We also recorded the information from research documents published in global scientific journals indexed in ISI Web of Science and research centers on the prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. Worldwide, SARS-CoV involved 32 countries, with 8422 confirmed cases and 916 (10.87%) casualties from November 2002 to August 2003. MERS-CoV spread over 27 states, causing 2496 cases and 868 (34.77%) fatalities during the period April 2012 to December 2019. However, the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV spread swiftly the global borders of 27 countries. It infected 34799 people and resulted in 724 (2.08%) casualties during the period December 29, 2019 to February 7, 2020. The fatality rate of coronavirus MERS-CoV was (34.77%) higher than SARS-CoV (10.87%) and 2019-nCoV (2.08%); however, the 2019-nCoV transmitted rapidly in comparison to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV has diverse epidemiological and biological characteristics, making it more contagious than SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. It has affected more people in a short time period compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, although the fatality rate of MERS-CoV was higher than SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV. The major clinical manifestations in coronavirus infections 2019-nCoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS CoV are fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, generalized myalgia, malaise, drowsy, diarrhea, confusion, dyspnea, and pneumonia. Global health authorities should take immediate measures to prevent the outbreaks of such emerging and reemerging pathogens across the globe to minimize the disease burden locally and globally."}, {"pmid": 32515395, "title": "Nutritional management and support in COVID-19: Emerging nutrivigilance.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Gupta, Lovely", "Jalang'o, Grace Atieno", "Gupta, Piyush"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515395", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease (COVID-19) emerged as an epidemic from China, with quick spread globally. The disease can lead to serious problems, like pneumonia or even death especially among vulnerable people with existing health conditions. Its treatment and management require huge efforts from medical professionals often at the cost of their own health and life. Nutrition is the epicenter for the management of such diseases which works synergistically with the medical treatment for quick and better recovery. It has been associated with great human and economic toll and it is still not contained. Currently over two million people are affected and over 300,000 deaths globally. However, due to its newness and unfamiliarity, the understanding of this novel virus is still evolving. This viral infection poses numerous metabolic challenges to those severely affected and addressing them is a key to better outcomes. Medical nutritional therapy is thus among the mainstay of core components of comprehensive treatment measures for patients with COVID-19. This manuscript therefore aims to highlight the role of nutritional management and support in covid-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32412514, "title": "Simultaneous mechanical ventilation of several patients with a single ventilator.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Castanon-Gonzalez, Jorge Alberto", "Camacho-Juarez, Sergio", "Gorordo-Delsol, Luis Antonio", "Garduno-Lopez, Jessica", "Perez-Nieto, Orlando", "Amezcua-Gutierrez, Marcos Antonio", "Fernandez-de Alba Vejar, German"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412514", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Simultaneous mechanical ventilation of several patients with a single ventilator might reduce the deficit of these devices for the care of patients with acute respiratory failure due to Covid-19. To communicate the results of a mechanical ventilation exercise with a ventilator in a lung simulator, and simultaneously in two and four. No statistically significant differences were observed between programmed, recorded and measured positive end-expiratory pressure, mean airway pressure and peak pressure, except when simultaneously ventilating four lung simulators. Simultaneous mechanical ventilation should be implemented by medical personnel with experience in the procedure, be restricted to two patients and carried out in the intensive care unit."}, {"pmid": 32224296, "pmcid": "PMC7194718", "title": "Tracking COVID-19 responsibly.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Muhareb, Rania", "Giacaman, Rita"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224296", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283134, "pmcid": "PMC7151539", "title": "Management of patients with autoimmune liver disease during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Lleo, Ana", "Invernizzi, Pietro", "Lohse, Ansgar W", "Aghemo, Alessio", "Carbone, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381276, "pmcid": "PMC7141703", "title": "Lessons Learned From the Coronavirus Health Crisis in Madrid, Spain: How COVID-19 Has Changed Our Lives in the Last 2 Weeks.", "journal": "Biol Psychiatry", "authors": ["Arango, Celso"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381276", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32228226, "pmcid": "PMC7170362", "title": "Transcriptomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Xiong, Yong", "Liu, Yuan", "Cao, Liu", "Wang, Dehe", "Guo, Ming", "Jiang, Ao", "Guo, Dong", "Hu, Wenjia", "Yang, Jiayi", "Tang, Zhidong", "Wu, Honglong", "Lin, Yongquan", "Zhang, Meiyuan", "Zhang, Qi", "Shi, Mang", "Liu, Yingle", "Zhou, Yu", "Lan, Ke", "Chen, Yu"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228226", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Circulating in China and 158 other countries and areas, the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has caused devastating mortality and posed a great threat to public health. However, efforts to identify effectively supportive therapeutic drugs and treatments has been hampered by our limited understanding of host immune response for this fatal disease. To characterize the transcriptional signatures of host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 (HCoV-19) infection, we carried out transcriptome sequencing of the RNAs isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) specimens of COVID-19 patients. Our results reveal distinct host inflammatory cytokine profiles to SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients, and highlight the association between COVID-19 pathogenesis and excessive cytokine release such as CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL10/IP-10, CCL3/MIP-1A, and CCL4/MIP1B. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 induced activation of apoptosis and P53 signalling pathway in lymphocytes may be the cause of patients' lymphopenia. The transcriptome dataset of COVID-19 patients would be a valuable resource for clinical guidance on anti-inflammatory medication and understanding the molecular mechansims of host response."}, {"pmid": 32268640, "title": "[Technical guideline for disinfection of wastewater and wastes of medical organizations during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268640", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This technical guideline is applicable to disinfection of wastewater and wastes of medical organizations during COVID-19 outbreak. The purpose of the guideline is to eliminate various pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses, effectively block the virus transmission pathways, and guide medical organizations to carry out the prevention and control of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32401346, "pmcid": "PMC7272904", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 immunogenicity at the crossroads.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Karamloo, Fariba", "Konig, Renate"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401346", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227490, "pmcid": "PMC7228409", "title": "Performance of VivaDiag COVID-19 IgM/IgG Rapid Test is inadequate for diagnosis of COVID-19 in acute patients referring to emergency room department.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cassaniti, Irene", "Novazzi, Federica", "Giardina, Federica", "Salinaro, Francesco", "Sachs, Michele", "Perlini, Stefano", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Mojoli, Francesco", "Baldanti, Fausto"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227490", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401709, "pmcid": "PMC7252171", "title": "COVID-19: a public health approach to manage domestic violence is needed.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Chandan, Joht Singh", "Taylor, Julie", "Bradbury-Jones, Caroline", "Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah", "Kane, Eddie", "Bandyopadhyay, Siddhartha"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401709", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441700, "title": "eHealth During a Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin J Oncol Nurs", "authors": ["Carr, Ellen"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "eHealth applications will become a more prevalent operational component of the standard of care. They will continue to be reliable methods to expedite patient-provider communication, meet surveillance milestones, and provide timely symptom management."}, {"pmid": 32227090, "pmcid": "PMC7184507", "title": "The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Res", "authors": ["Chen, Liang", "Li, Xiangjie", "Chen, Mingquan", "Feng, Yi", "Xiong, Chenglong"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227090", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new type of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks recently in China and spreads into many other countries. This disease, named as COVID-19, is similar to patients infected by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and nearly 20% of patients developed severe condition. Cardiac injury is a prevalent complication of severe patients, exacerbating the disease severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the key host cellular receptor of SARS-CoV-2, has been identified in multiple organs, but its cellular distribution in human heart is not illuminated clearly. This study performed the first state-of-art single cell atlas of adult human heart, and revealed that pericytes with high expression of ACE2 might act as the target cardiac cell of SARS-CoV-2. The pericytes injury due to virus infection may result in capillary endothelial cells dysfunction, inducing microvascular dysfunction. And patients with basic heart failure disease showed increased ACE2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, meaning that if infected by the virus these patients may have higher risk of heart attack and critically ill condition. The finding of this study explains the high rate of severe cases among COVID-19 patients with basic cardiovascular disease; and these results also perhaps provide important reference to clinical treatment of cardiac injury among severe patients infected by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32384385, "title": "Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Preterm Pregnant Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Blauvelt, Christine A", "Chiu, Catherine", "Donovan, Anne L", "Prahl, Mary", "Shimotake, Thomas K", "George, Ronald B", "Schwartz, Brian S", "Farooqi, Naghma A", "Ali, Syed S", "Cassidy, Arianna", "Gonzalez, Juan M", "Gaw, Stephanie L"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384385", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data suggest that pregnant women are not at elevated risk of acquiring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or developing severe disease compared with nonpregnant patients. However, management of pregnant patients who are critically ill with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is complicated by physiologic changes and other pregnancy considerations and requires balancing maternal and fetal well-being. We report the case of a patient at 28 weeks of gestation with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from COVID-19 infection, whose deteriorating respiratory condition prompted delivery. Our patient's oxygenation and respiratory mechanics improved within hours of delivery, though she required prolonged mechanical ventilation until postpartum day 10. Neonatal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM were negative. We describe our multidisciplinary management of a preterm pregnant patient with ARDS from COVID-19 infection and her neonate."}, {"pmid": 32266851, "title": "SECURE-Psoriasis: a de-identified registry of psoriasis patients diagnosed with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Balogh, Esther A", "Heron, Courtney", "Feldman, Steven R", "Huang, William W"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266851", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492531, "title": "Fast SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-qPCR in preheated nasopharyngeal swab samples.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Alcoba-Florez, Julia", "Gonzalez-Montelongo, Rafaela", "Inigo-Campos, Antonio", "de Artola, Diego Garcia-Martinez", "Gil-Campesino, Helena", "The Microbiology Technical Support Team", "Ciuffreda, Laura", "Valenzuela-Fernandez, Agustin", "Flores, Carlos"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492531", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The gold-standard COVID-19 diagnosis relies on detecting SARS-CoV-2 using RNA purification and one-step retrotranscription and quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Based on the urgent need for high-throughput screening, we tested the performance of three alternative, simple and affordable protocols to rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2, bypassing the long and tedious RNA extraction step and reducing the time to viral detection. We evaluated three methods based on direct nasopharyngeal swab viral transmission medium (VTM) heating before the RT-qPCR: a) direct without additives; b) in a formamide-EDTA (FAE) buffer, c) in a RNAsnapTM buffer. Although with a delay in cycle threshold compared to the gold-standard, we found consistent results in nasopharyngeal swab samples that were subject to a direct 70\u00b0C incubation for 10\u2009min. Our findings provide valuable options to overcome any supply chain issue and help to increase the throughput of diagnostic tests, thereby complementing standard diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32427189, "pmcid": "PMC7228248", "title": "Global health crises are also information crises: A call to action.", "journal": "J Assoc Inf Sci Technol", "authors": ["Xie, Bo", "He, Daqing", "Mercer, Tim", "Wang, Youfa", "Wu, Dan", "Fleischmann, Kenneth R", "Zhang, Yan", "Yoder, Linda H", "Stephens, Keri K", "Mackert, Michael", "Lee, Min Kyung"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427189", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this opinion paper, we argue that global health crises are also information crises. Using as an example the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, we (a) examine challenges associated with what we term \"global information crises\"; (b) recommend changes needed for the field of information science to play a leading role in such crises; and (c) propose actionable items for short- and long-term research, education, and practice in information science."}, {"pmid": 32374248, "pmcid": "PMC7225215", "title": "Characteristics of disease progress in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Ji, Mengyao", "Yuan, Lei", "Shen, Wei", "Lv, Junwei", "Li, Yong", "Li, Ming", "Lu, Xuefang", "Hu, Lanhua", "Dong, Weiguo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374248", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were classified into four clinical stages (uncomplicated illness, mild, severe and critical pneumonia) depending on disease severity. We aim to investigate the corresponding clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics between different clinical stages. A retrospective, single-centre study of 101 confirmed patients with COVID-19 at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from 2 January to 28 January 2020 was enrolled; follow-up endpoint was on 8 February 2020. Clinical data were collected and compared during the course of illness. The median age of the 101 patients was 51.0 years and 33.6% were medical staff. Fever (68%), cough (50%) and fatigue (23%) are the most common symptoms. About 26% patients underwent the mechanical ventilation and 98% patients were treated with antibiotics. Thirty-seven per cent patients were cured and 11 died. On admission, the number of patients with uncomplicated illness, mild, severe and critical pneumonia were 2 [2%], 86 [85%], 11 [11%] and 2 [2%]. Forty-four of the 86 mild pneumonia progressed to severe illness within 4 days, with nine patients worsened due to critical pneumonia within 4 days. Two of the 11 severe patients improved to mild condition while three others deteriorated. Significant differences were observed among groups of different clinical stages in numbers of influenced pulmonary segments (6 vs. 12 vs. 17, P < 0.001). A significantly upward trend was witnessed in ground-glass opacities overlapped with striped shadows (33% vs. 42% vs. 55% vs. 80%, P < 0.001), while pure ground-glass opacities gradually decreased as disease progressed (45% vs. 35% vs. 24% vs. 13%, P < 0.001) within 12 days. Lymphocytes, prealbumin and albumin showed a downtrend as disease progressed from mild to severe or critical condition, an uptrend was found in white blood cells, C-reactive protein, neutrophils and lactate dehydrogenase. The proportions of serum amyloid A > 300 mg/l in mild, severe and critical conditions were 18%, 46% and 71%, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32478556, "title": "Emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on U.S. health care workers: A gathering storm.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Ruiz, Mark A", "Gibson, Carri-Ann M"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478556", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is placing enormous stress on U.S. health care workers. Prior studies of infectious disease outbreaks and other catastrophic events have shown the damaging mental health impacts caused by these events. Implications for the policy and treatment of health care workers facing the COVID-19 crisis are discussed in this commentary. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32459655, "title": "Improvements in Patient Monitoring for the Intensive Care Unit: Survey Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Poncette, Akira-Sebastian", "Mosch, Lina", "Spies, Claudia", "Schmieding, Malte", "Schiefenhovel, Fridtjof", "Krampe, Henning", "Balzer, Felix"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459655", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to demographic change and, more recently, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the importance of modern intensive care units (ICU) is becoming apparent. One of the key components of an ICU is the continuous monitoring of patients' vital parameters. However, existing advances in informatics, signal processing, or engineering that could alleviate the burden on ICUs have not yet been applied. This could be related to the lack of user involvement in research and development. This study focused on satisfaction of ICU staff with the current patient monitoring and their suggestions for future improvements. We aimed to identify aspects disturbing patient care, display devices for remote monitoring, use cases for artificial intelligence (AI), and whether ICU staff is willing to improve their digital literacy or contribute to the improvement of patient monitoring. We further desired to uncover differences in the responses of the professional groups. This survey study was realized with ICU staff from four ICUs of a German university hospital between November 2019 and January 2020. We developed a web-based 36-item survey questionnaire by analyzing a preceding qualitative interview study with ICU staff about clinical requirements of future patient monitoring. Statistical analyses of questionnaire results included median values with their bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals, and Chi-square tests to compare the distributions of item responses of the professional groups. Eighty-six of the 270 ICU physicians and nurses completed the survey questionnaire. The majority stated to feel confident using the patient monitoring, but high rates of false positive alarms and the many sensor cables were considered to disturb patient care. Wireless sensors, reduction of false positive alarms and hospital standard operating procedures (SOP) for alarm management were demanded. Responses to the display devices proposed for remote patient monitoring were split. Regarding its use, most respondents indicated responsibility for multiple wards or earlier alerting. AI for ICUs would be useful for early detection of complications and increased risk of mortality, as well as to have guidelines for therapy and diagnostics proposed. Transparency, interoperability, usability, and staff training were essential to promote usage of an AI. The majority wanted to learn more about new technologies for ICU and desired more time for it. Physicians had fewer reservations than nurses about using mobile phones for remote monitoring, and AI-based intelligent alarm management. This survey study among ICU staff revealed key improvements for patient monitoring in intensive care medicine. Hospital providers and medical device manufacturers should focus on reducing false alarms, implementing hospital alarm SOPs, introducing wireless sensors, preparing for the use of AI, and enhancing digital literacy of ICU staff. Our results may contribute to the user-centered transfer of digital technologies into practice to alleviate challenges in intensive care medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03514173; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03514173."}, {"pmid": 32527925, "title": "Type III interferons disrupt the lung epithelial barrier upon viral recognition.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Broggi, Achille", "Ghosh, Sreya", "Sposito, Benedetta", "Spreafico, Roberto", "Balzarini, Fabio", "Lo Cascio, Antonino", "Clementi, Nicola", "De Santis, Maria", "Mancini, Nicasio", "Granucci, Francesca", "Zanoni, Ivan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527925", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lower respiratory tract viral infections are a leading cause of mortality. Mounting evidence indicates that most severe cases are characterized by aberrant immune responses and do not depend on viral burden. Here, we assessed how type III interferons (IFN-\u03bb) contribute to the pathogenesis induced by RNA viruses. We report IFN-\u03bb is present in the lower, but not upper, airways of COVID-19 patients. In mice, we demonstrate IFN-\u03bb produced by lung dendritic cells in response to a synthetic viral RNA induces barrier damage, causing susceptibility to lethal bacterial superinfections. These findings provide a strong rationale for rethinking the pathophysiological role of IFN-\u03bb and its possible use in the clinical practice against endemic viruses, such as influenza virus, as well as the emerging SARS-CoV-2 viral infection."}, {"pmid": 32507926, "title": "Emergency Department and Out-of-Hospital Emergency System (112-AREU 118) integrated response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Northern Italy centre.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Perlini, Stefano", "Canevari, Fabrizio", "Cortesi, Sergio", "Sgromo, Vito", "Brancaglione, Antonella", "Contri, Enrico", "Pettenazza, Pietro", "Salinaro, Francesco", "Speciale, Francesco", "Sechi, Giuseppe", "Mare, Claudio", "Cutti, Sara", "Novelli, Viola", "Marena, Carlo", "Muzzi, Alba", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Palo, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507926", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the world has been facing the life-threatening disease, named Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The response of the Emergency Medicine network, integrating \"out-of-hospital\" and \"hospital\" activation, is crucial whenever the health system has to face a medical emergency, being caused by natural or human-derived disasters as well as by a rapidly spreading epidemic outbreak. We here report the Pavia Emergency Medicine network response to the COVID-19 outbreak. The \"out-of-hospital\" response was analysed in terms of calls, rescues and missions, whereas the \"hospital\" response was detailed as number of admitted patients and subsequent hospitalisation or discharge. The data in the first 5\u00a0weeks of the Covid-19 outbreak (February 21-March 26, 2020) were compared with a reference time window referring to the previous 5\u00a0weeks (January 17-February 20, 2020) and with the corresponding historical average data from the previous 5\u00a0years (February 21-March 26). Since February 21, 2020, a sudden and sustained increase in the calls to the AREU 112 system was noted (+\u2009440%). After 5\u00a0weeks, the number of calls and missions was still higher as compared to both the reference pre-Covid-19 period (+\u200948% and\u2009+\u200910%, respectively) and the historical control (+\u200953% and\u2009+\u200922%, respectively). Owing to the overflow from the neighbouring hospitals, which rapidly became overwhelmed and had to temporarily close patient access, the population served by the Pavia system more than doubled (from 547.251 to 1.135.977 inhabitants,\u2009+\u2009108%). To minimize the possibility of intra-hospital spreading of the infection, a separate \"Emergency Department-Infective Disease\" was created, which evaluated 1241 patients with suspected infection (38% of total ED admissions). Out of these 1241 patients, 58.0% (n\u2009=\u2009720) were admitted in general wards (n\u2009=\u2009629) or intensive care unit (n\u2009=\u200991). To allow this massive number of admissions, the hospital reshaped many general ward Units, which became Covid-19 Units (up to 270 beds) and increased the intensive care unit beds from 32 to 60. In the setting of a long-standing continuing emergency like the present Covid-19 outbreak, the integration, interaction and team work of the \"out-of-hospital\" and \"in-hospital\" systems have a pivotal role. The present study reports how the rapid and coordinated reorganization of both might help in facing such a disaster. AREU-112 and the Emergency Department should be ready to finely tune their usual cooperation to respond to a sudden and overwhelming increase in the healthcare needs brought about by a pandemia like the current one. This lesson should shape and reinforce the future."}, {"pmid": 32229543, "title": "Covid-19: why is the UK government ignoring WHO's advice?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Pollock, Allyson M", "Roderick, Peter", "Cheng, K K", "Pankhania, Bharat"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229543", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404489, "pmcid": "PMC7246100", "title": "Status and situation of postgraduate medical students in China under the influence of COVID-19.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Wang, Shunda", "Dai, Menghua"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404489", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277694, "pmcid": "PMC7253136", "title": "Case Report: Death due to COVID-19 in Three Brothers.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Yousefzadegan, Sedigheh", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277694", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report fatal cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in three brothers in Iran. An increased susceptibility to specific pathogens has been reported for a number of genetic defects. Considering the fact that most of them who are affected by COVID-19 recover, deaths in three brothers who lived separately and had no known underlying disease suggest genetic predisposition to COVID-19 in some individuals."}, {"pmid": 32424063, "pmcid": "PMC7242823", "title": "Triage during the COVID-19 epidemic in Spain: better and worse ethical arguments.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Herreros, Benjamin", "Gella, Pablo", "Real de Asua, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424063", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has generated an imbalance between the clinical needs of the population and the effective availability of advanced life support (ALS) resources. Triage protocols have thus become necessary. Triage decisions in situations of scarce resources were not extraordinary in the pre-COVID-19 era; these protocols abounded in the context of organ transplantation. However, this prior experience was not considered during the COVID-19 outbreak in Spain. Lacking national guidance or public coordination, each hospital has been forced to put forth independent and autonomous triage protocols, most of which were, nonetheless, based on common ethical principles and clinical criteria. However, controversial, non-clinical criteria have also been defended by Spanish scientific societies and public institutions, including setting an age cut-off value for unilaterally withholding ALS, using 'social utility' criteria, prioritising healthcare professionals or using 'first come, first served' policies. This paper describes the most common triage criteria used in the Spanish context during the COVID-19 epidemic. We will highlight our missed opportunities by comparing these criteria to those used in organ transplantation protocols. The problems posed by subjective, non-clinical criteria will also be discussed. We hope that this critical review might be of use to countries at earlier stages of the epidemic while we learn from our mistakes."}, {"pmid": 32466994, "pmcid": "PMC7192111", "title": "Potential risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection on reproductive health.", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Li, Rong", "Yin, Tailang", "Fang, Fang", "Li, Qin", "Chen, Jiao", "Wang, Yixin", "Hao, Yongxiu", "Wu, Gengxiang", "Duan, Peng", "Wang, Yuanyuan", "Cheng, Dan", "Zhou, Qi", "Zafar, Mohammad Ishraq", "Xiong, Chengliang", "Li, Honggang", "Yang, Jing", "Qiao, Jie"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466994", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a major pandemic threat worldwide. Such a public health emergency can greatly impact various aspects of people's health and lives. This paper focuses on its potential risks for reproductive health, including the reproductive system and its functioning, as well as gamete and embryo development, which could be affected by the virus itself, drug treatments, chemical disinfectants and psychological effects related to panic during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32364125, "pmcid": "PMC7183291", "title": "The epilepsy unit during the COVID-19 epidemic: The role of telemedicine and the effects of confinement on patients with epilepsy.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Hernando-Requejo, V", "Huertas-Gonzalez, N", "Lapena-Motilva, J", "Ogando-Duran, G"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364125", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32087116, "pmcid": "PMC7158985", "title": "Asymptomatic cases in a family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pan, Xingfei", "Chen, Dexiong", "Xia, Yong", "Wu, Xinwei", "Li, Tangsheng", "Ou, Xueting", "Zhou, Liyang", "Liu, Jing"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087116", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418947, "title": "Does immune privilege result in recovered patients testing positive for COVID-19 again?", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Xia, Jufeng"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418947", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, an increasing number of reports have indicated that a few patients who were believed to have recovered from COVID-19 initially tested negative but later tested positive. Several hospitals in different countries have detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the semen and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with severe COVID-19. Given the fact that the testes and central nervous system are both immune privilege sites and the fact that Ebola virus and Zika virus can avoid immune clearance and continue proliferating and spreading by hiding in those sites, the question of whether SARS-CoV-2 is present in immune privilege sites, it attacks those sites, and it spreads again after proliferating in those sites needs to be investigated."}, {"pmid": 32207189, "title": "ISUOG Safety Committee Position Statement on safe performance of obstetric and gynecological scans and equipment cleaning in context of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207189", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516819, "title": "Audiology in the Time of the Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Am Acad Audiol", "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516819", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426312, "pmcid": "PMC7203555", "title": "The Impact of the Current SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Neonatal Care.", "journal": "Front Pediatr", "authors": ["Arnaez, Juan", "Montes, Maria Teresa", "Herranz-Rubia, Nuria", "Garcia-Alix, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426312", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513776, "title": "COVID-19 Delays Cancer Screenings.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513776", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In recent months, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused many institutions to pause routine cancer screenings-delays that may not be problematic for patients but can create challenges for healthcare providers."}, {"pmid": 32228332, "pmcid": "PMC7273862", "title": "COVID-19 and the Urology Match: Perspectives and a Call to Action.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Gabrielson, Andrew T", "Kohn, Taylor P", "Clifton, Marisa M"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228332", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235517, "pmcid": "PMC7177756", "title": "Healthcare Digitalization and Pay-For-Performance Incentives in Smart Hospital Project Financing.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Moro Visconti, Roberto", "Morea, Donato"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235517", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to explore the impact of healthcare digitalization on smart hospital project financing (PF) fostered by pay-for-performance (P4P) incentives. Digital platforms are a technology-enabled business model that facilitates exchanges between interacting agents. They represent a bridging link among disconnected nodes, improving the scalable value of networks. Application to healthcare public-private partnerships (PPPs) is significant due to the consistency of digital platforms with health issues and the complexity of the stakeholder's interaction. In infrastructural PPPs, public and private players cooperate, usually following PF patterns. This relationship is complemented by digitized supply chains and is increasingly patient-centric. This paper reviews the literature, analyzes some supply chain bottlenecks, addresses solutions concerning the networking effects of platforms to improve PPP interactions, and investigates the cost-benefit analysis of digital health with an empirical case. Whereas diagnostic or infrastructural technology is an expensive investment with long-term payback, leapfrogging digital applications reduce contingent costs. \"Digital\" savings can be shared by key stakeholders with P4P schemes, incentivizing value co-creation patterns. Efficient sharing may apply network theory to a comprehensive PPP ecosystem where stakeholding nodes are digitally connected. This innovative approach improves stakeholder relationships, which are re-engineered around digital platforms that enhance patient-centered satisfaction and sustainability. Digital technologies are useful even for infectious disease surveillance, like that of the coronavirus pandemic, for supporting massive healthcare intervention, decongesting hospitals, and providing timely big data."}, {"pmid": 32371417, "title": "Lessons of the month 1: A case of rhombencephalitis as a rare complication of acute COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Wong, Po Fung", "Craik, Sam", "Newman, Piers", "Makan, Annabel", "Srinivasan, Koottalai", "Crawford, Emma", "Dev, Devapriya", "Moudgil, Harmesh", "Ahmad, Nawaid"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371417", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 40-year-old man developed acute brainstem dysfunction 3 days after hospital admission with symptoms of the novel SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). Magnetic resonance imaging showed changes in keeping with inflammation of the brainstem and the upper cervical cord, leading to a diagnosis of rhombencephalitis. No other cause explained the patient's abnormal neurological findings. He was managed conservatively with rapid spontaneous improvement in some of his neurological signs and was discharged home with continued neurology follow up."}, {"pmid": 32294297, "pmcid": "PMC7262315", "title": "The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Bariatric Surgery: Redefining Psychosocial Care.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Sockalingam, Sanjeev", "Leung, Samantha E", "Cassin, Stephanie E"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294297", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease has had a tremendous psychological impact on individuals around the world. Individuals with obesity are susceptible to distress and psychological sequalae secondary to this pandemic, which can have detrimental effects on obesity management. In particular, individuals undergoing bariatric surgery could experience increased emotional distress, resulting in increased eating psychopathology, mental health exacerbation, and difficulties with self-management. Addressing these challenges requires novel approaches to redefining psychosocial care before and after bariatric surgery. Emerging evidence suggests that the remote delivery of care using virtual care models, including mobile and online modalities, could extend the reach of psychosocial services to individuals after bariatric surgery and mitigate weight regain or impairment in quality of life. Because of this pandemic, the rapid integration of virtual psychosocial care in bariatric surgery programs to address patients' needs will create new opportunities for clinical and implementational scientific research."}, {"pmid": 32170559, "pmcid": "PMC7088740", "title": "Combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine in treating a family case of COVID-19.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Ni, Li", "Zhou, Ling", "Zhou, Min", "Zhao, Jianping", "Wang, Dao Wen"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32170559", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. By February 14, 2020, it has led to 66 492 confirmed patients in China and high mortality up to ~2.96% (1123/37 914) in Wuhan. Here we report the first family case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confirmed in Wuhan and treated using the combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL). This report describes the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and management of three cases from a family, suggests the expected therapeutic effects of SHL on COVID-19, and warrants further clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32313662, "pmcid": "PMC7161844", "title": "Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe pneumonia: COVID-19 case in Japan.", "journal": "Acute Med Surg", "authors": ["Taniguchi, Hayato", "Ogawa, Fumihiro", "Honzawa, Hiroshi", "Yamaguchi, Keishi", "Niida, Shoko", "Shinohara, Mafumi", "Takahashi, Kohei", "Iwashita, Masayuki", "Abe, Takeru", "Kubo, Sousuke", "Kudo, Makoto", "Takeuchi, Ichiro"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313662", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is one of the ultimate treatments for acute respiratory failure. However, the effectiveness of ECMO in patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is unknown. A 72-year-old woman who was a passenger of a cruise ship tested positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) while in quarantine on board using throat swab. Three days after admission, her condition deteriorated, and she was subsequently intubated. On day 6, VV-ECMO was introduced. Lopinavir/ritonavir was given; continuous renal replacement therapy was also introduced. On day 10, her chest radiography and lung compliance improved. She was weaned off ECMO on day 12. Treatment of severe pneumonia in COVID-19 by ECMO should recognize lung plasticity considering time to ECMO introduction and interstitial biomarkers. In Japan, centralization of ECMO patients has not been sufficient. Thus, we suggest nationwide centralization and further research to respond to the crisis caused by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32399456, "pmcid": "PMC7213834", "title": "Arterial Mesenteric Thrombosis as a Complication of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["A Beccara, Lia", "Pacioni, Carlotta", "Ponton, Sara", "Francavilla, Simone", "Cuzzoli, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399456", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 52-year-old patient with SARS-CoV-2 was diagnosed with interstitial pneumonia and treated with darunavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). After LMWH cessation, he developed superior mesenteric arterial thrombosis. An abdominal CT scan showed arterial thrombosis of vessels efferent of the superior mesenteric artery with bowel distension. COVID-19 may predispose to venous and arterial thromboembolism. Anticoagulation prophylaxis should be considered in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and potential thromboembolism investigated in each symptomatic patient affected by SARS-CoV-2. Potential thromboembolism must be investigated in each symptomatic patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection.The preventive and therapeutic use of antithrombotic agents should be strongly considered in order to mitigate thrombotic and haemorrhagic events in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32527343, "title": "[Analysis of gastrointestinal symptoms in 80 patients with coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Zhang, Lei", "Mei, Qing", "Li, Lei", "Ye, Chongyang", "Huang, Yao", "Wang, Yinzhong", "Tong, Fei", "Gao, Yu", "Pan, Aijun"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527343", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the clinical characteristics of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the whole disease process, and provide reference for etiological diagnosis and treatment. The clinical data of patients with COVID-19 admitted in the Infectious Diseases Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from January 22nd, 2020 to March 8th, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. According to whether there were gastrointestinal symptoms (poor appetite, nausea/vomiting and diarrhea), all patients were divided into gastrointestinal symptom group and asymptomatic group. The characteristics of gastrointestinal symptoms, such as poor appetite, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea were counted and analyzed, and the correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and gender, age, basic diseases, disease severity, laboratory examination and drug treatment were analyzed. A total of 80 COVID-19 patients were involved, 43 cases (53.8%) presented with poor appetite, 17 cases (21.3%) had nausea and vomiting, and 33 cases (41.3%) had diarrhea. Among them, 5 cases, 1 case and 4 cases respectively preformed poor appetite, nausea/vomiting and diarrhea before admission, while the others experienced gastrointestinal symptoms within 48 hours after admission. Duration of poor appetite, nausea/vomiting and diarrhea (days) of all patients were 5.3\u00b12.1, 2.2\u00b11.0 and 1.4\u00b10.9, respectively. The patients with poor appetite were older than those without symptoms (years old: 48.2\u00b117.6 vs. 39.3\u00b115.1), albumin (Alb) level and the lymphocytes ratio were lower than those in asymptomatic group [Alb (g/L): 39.8 (35.7, 45.1) vs. 46.1 (42.6, 49.4), lymphocytes ratio: 0.19 (0.09, 0.28) vs. 0.28 (0.17, 0.35)], while the neutrophil ratio, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were higher than those in asymptomatic group [the neutrophil ratio: 0.74 (0.61, 0.85) vs. 0.64 (0.52, 0.76), CRP (mg/L): 21.4 (3.9, 52.9) vs. 5.6 (2.4, 14.0), D-dimer (mg/L): 0.2 (0.2, 0.5) vs. 0.2 (0.1, 0.3), LDH (\u03bcmol\u00d7s-1\u00d7L-1): 4.49 (3.59, 5.19) vs. 3.12 (2.77, 4.90)]; at the same time, more traditional Chinese medicine was used in the patients with gastrointestinal symptoms [65.1% (28/43) vs. 40.5% (15/37), all P < 0.05]. In addition, 14 cases of 18 patients with cardiovascular diseases presented with poor appetite, 7 patients had nausea and vomiting symptoms. All of the 3 patients with chronic kidney disease presented with poor appetite, nausea and vomiting, and 2 of them had diarrhea. The gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19 are common. Whether it is caused by the virus or related drugs, diet and mental conditions, clinicians should analyze the causes of these symptoms timely, and then provide a better treatment for patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32461288, "title": "Patients with Common Cold Coronaviruses Tested Negative for IgG Antibody to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Brecher, Stephen M", "Dryjowicz-Burek, Jonathan", "Yu, Hongbo", "Campbell, Sheldon", "Ratcliffe, Nora", "Gupta, Kalpana"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461288", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The need for accurate antibody testing in patients following symptomatic or asymptomatic infections with SARS-CoV-2 is well documented.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32518743, "pmcid": "PMC7263258", "title": "Disaster risk reduction in conflict contexts: Lessons learned from the lived experiences of Rohingya refugees in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh.", "journal": "Int J Disaster Risk Reduct", "authors": ["Zaman, Shamrita", "Sammonds, Peter", "Ahmed, Bayes", "Rahman, Taifur"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518743", "countries": ["Bangladesh", "Myanmar"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Bangladesh is currently hosting more than one million stateless Rohingya refugees, who fled from the Rakhine State to avoid genocide and serious crimes against humanity persecuted by the Myanmar Army. The newly arrived Rohingyas were accommodated in overcrowded refugee camps in Cox's Bazar District (CBD). The camps are highly vulnerable to landslides, tropical cyclones, flash-flooding, and communicable disease outbreak. Although a number of improvement measures are ongoing, however, no study to date has addressed Rohingyas' self-adopted strategies to mitigate disaster risks. Consequently, this paper aims to explore how refugees cope with risks associated with environmental hazards in the Kutupalong Rohingya Camp in CBD. A mixed-methods research strategy incorporating both quantitative household questionnaire survey and qualitative focus group discussions (FGDs) techniques were applied. In total 250 Rohingya refugees were selected for the questionnaire survey using a stratified random sampling method from camps 17 and 19, and two FGDs (male and female-only) were carried out in camp 13 involving 21 Rohingya participants. Results derived from the study show that responding to early warning systems, storing dried food and medicine, utilising available resources, relocating to safer shelters, and keeping hopes high were some of the coping strategies practised by the respondents. Literacy level imposed a significant impact over respondents' perception to accept various measures. For instance, the probability of storing dried food in preparation for disasters was 4 times higher among literate Rohingya compared to their illiterate counterparts. Similarly, for literate respondents, the probability was 20 times higher to store medicine than for illiterate. Guaranteed distribution of shelter strengthening kits among all refugee households, the inclusion of disaster risk awareness and preparedness training, ensuring safe and dignified return in Myanmar, and global and regional cooperation to address the refugee crisis are some of the propositions recommended in this study for improving Rohingyas' future adaptation strategies in a humanitarian context."}, {"pmid": 32474836, "pmcid": "PMC7261046", "title": "A More Excellent Way: Recovering Mystery in COVID Care.", "journal": "J Relig Health", "authors": ["Genig, Joshua D"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474836", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article explores the fundamental role of mystery in the care of patients suffering from COVID-19. Specific attention is paid to the disparity between modern and post-modern approaches to mystery and how medical instruction and care has often been conducted in the vein of the former. However, with post-moderns now being trained as medical clinicians and serving on the frontlines of this pandemic, there is an opportunity to return to a more ancient manner of understanding humanity, one which places mystery on equal footing with chemistry."}, {"pmid": 32496251, "title": "Insights from COVID-19 cluster containment in Bhilwara District, Rajasthan.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Meghwal, Badrilal", "Behera, Shyambhavee", "Dhariwal, Akshay C", "Saxena, Deepak", "Singh, Rommel", "Kumar, Sanjiv"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496251", "countries": ["India", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, a healthcare professional from a renowned private hospital, in the textile city of Bhilwara, Rajasthan, reported clustering of cases of pneumonia amongst doctors and paramedical staff suspected to be due to COVID-19. The basis of suspicion was clinico-eco-epidemiologic-radiological findings as, by that time, about 20 COVID19 cases were reported from the state of Rajasthan including a big Italian group of tourists who travelled extensively in Rajasthan, including Udaipur city. The current study presents the field experience of the Central and the State Rapid Response Teams (RRTs) in the cluster containment at Bhilwara. Methods: The information regarding the sociodemographic profile of the cases was provided by the Senior Medical Officer In-charge. The containment strategy was modeled under 6 pillars. Google Maps was used for preparing spot map. Immediate public health actions of cluster containment including contact tracing, quarantine, and isolation were initiated using epidemiological approach of mapping the cluster and taking care of reservoir of infection by the District Public Health Team supported by Multidisciplinary Rapid Response Team. This was supplemented by strict enforcement of lock down in the District taking care of daily need of the community by the leadership of administration with very strong intersectoral co-ordination (locally called \"ruthless containment\"). The forthcoming challenge resides in re-establishment of inter-district and inter-state travel, which can become a risk of re-entry of the new cases, which needs to be taken care of, with the help of stringent administrative measures and screening at all points of entry. The team in Bhilwara needs to remain vigilant to pick up any imported cases early before local transmission establishes."}, {"pmid": 32313971, "pmcid": "PMC7169372", "title": "Ventilation of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Mohlenkamp, Stefan", "Thiele, Holger"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313971", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32108093, "title": "Strategies shift as coronavirus pandemic looms.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon", "Kupferschmidt, Kai"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108093", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360743, "pmcid": "PMC7252166", "title": "Lower detection rates of SARS-COV2 antibodies in cancer patients versus health care workers after symptomatic COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Solodky, M L", "Galvez, C", "Russias, B", "Detourbet, P", "N'Guyen-Bonin, V", "Herr, A-L", "Zrounba, P", "Blay, J-Y"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360743", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404799, "title": "Chest Computed Tomography Manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Patients With Cardiothoracic Conditions.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Salehi, Sana", "Abedi, Aidin", "Radmard, Amir Reza", "Sorouri, Majid", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404799", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious public health concern, with an exponentially growing number of patients worldwide. Computed tomography (CT) has been suggested as a highly sensitive modality for the diagnosis of pulmonary involvement in the early stages of COVID-19. The typical features of COVID-19 in chest CT include bilateral, peripheral, and multifocal ground-glass opacities with or without superimposed consolidations. Patients with underlying medical conditions are at higher risks of complications and mortality. The diagnosis of COVID-19 on the basis of the imaging features may be more challenging in patients with preexisting cardiothoracic conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, cardiovascular disease, and malignancies with cardiothoracic involvement. The extensive pulmonary involvement in some of these pathologies may obscure the typical manifestation of COVID-19, whereas other preexisting pathologies may resemble the atypical or rare CT manifestations of this viral pneumonia. Thus, understanding the specific CT manifestations in these special subgroups is essential for a prompt diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32391720, "title": "Mental Health of Communities during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Vigo, Daniel", "Patten, Scott", "Pajer, Kathleen", "Krausz, Michael", "Taylor, Steven", "Rush, Brian", "Raviola, Giuseppe", "Saxena, Shekhar", "Thornicroft, Graham", "Yatham, Lakshmi N"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391720", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32159318, "title": "[Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and coronavirus: research update on pathogenesis of the infection induced by this indissoluble bond].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hou, P", "Xu, Q", "Na, J", "Zhang, B L", "Wu, H", "Li, P", "Zhao, X X"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159318", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442131, "title": "Comparison of Transmissibility of Coronavirus Between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients: Reanalysis of the Ningbo COVID-19 Data.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Yin, Guosheng", "Jin, Huaqing"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442131", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in December 2019, the coronavirus has spread all over the world at an unprecedented rate. The transmissibility of the coronavirus from asymptomatic patients to healthy individuals has received enormous attention. An important study using COVID-19 data from the city of Ningbo, China, was carried out to estimate and compare the transmission rates of the coronavirus by the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. However, in the original analysis, the usual chi-square tests were unduly used for some contingency tables with small cell counts including zero, which may violate the assumptions for the chi-square test. We reanalyze the data from the city of Ningbo with more appropriate statistical methods to draw more reliable and sound conclusions on the transmission rates of the coronavirus by the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. We excluded the cases associated with the super-spreader and adopted a more appropriate statistical method, including the permutation test and the Fisher exact test, to reanalyze the COVID-19 data from the city of Ningbo. After excluding the cases related to the super-spreader, the Fisher exact test yields a P value of .84, which indicates stronger evidence of no difference in the transmission rates compared with the original analysis. The odds ratio of the coronavirus transmission rates between the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients is 1.2 with a 95% confidence interval 0.5-2.8. Through a more in-depth and comprehensive statistical analysis of the Ningbo data, we concluded that there is no difference in the transmission rates of coronavirus between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients."}, {"pmid": 32445728, "pmcid": "PMC7240269", "title": "Asymptomatic infection and atypical manifestations of COVID-19: Comparison of viral shedding duration.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Noh, Ji Yun", "Yoon, Jin Gu", "Seong, Hye", "Choi, Won Suk", "Sohn, Jang Wook", "Cheong, Hee Jin", "Kim, Woo Joo", "Song, Joon Young"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445728", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420459, "pmcid": "PMC7223269", "title": "Wider collateral damage to children in the UK because of the social distancing measures designed to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in adults.", "journal": "BMJ Paediatr Open", "authors": ["Crawley, Esther", "Loades, Maria", "Feder, Gene", "Logan, Stuart", "Redwood, Sabi", "Macleod, John"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420459", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311034, "pmcid": "PMC7188147", "title": "Telehealth transformation: COVID-19 and the rise of virtual care.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Wosik, Jedrek", "Fudim, Marat", "Cameron, Blake", "Gellad, Ziad F", "Cho, Alex", "Phinney, Donna", "Curtis, Simon", "Roman, Matthew", "Poon, Eric G", "Ferranti, Jeffrey", "Katz, Jason N", "Tcheng, James"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311034", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered our economy, society, and healthcare system. While this crisis has presented the U.S. healthcare delivery system with unprecedented challenges, the pandemic has catalyzed rapid adoption of telehealth, or the entire spectrum of activities used to deliver care at a distance. Using examples reported by U.S. healthcare organizations, including ours, we describe the role that telehealth has played in transforming healthcare delivery during the 3 phases of the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic: (1) stay-at-home outpatient care, (2) initial COVID-19 hospital surge, and (3) postpandemic recovery. Within each of these 3 phases, we examine how people, process, and technology work together to support a successful telehealth transformation. Whether healthcare enterprises are ready or not, the new reality is that virtual care has arrived."}, {"pmid": 32380958, "pmcid": "PMC7203545", "title": "Extracellular HMGB1: a therapeutic target in severe pulmonary inflammation including COVID-19?", "journal": "Mol Med", "authors": ["Andersson, Ulf", "Ottestad, William", "Tracey, Kevin J"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380958", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes for unresolved reasons acute respiratory distress syndrome in vulnerable individuals. There is a need to identify key pathogenic molecules in COVID-19-associated inflammation attainable to target with existing therapeutic compounds. The endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule HMGB1 initiates inflammation via two separate pathways. Disulfide-HMGB1 triggers TLR4 receptors generating pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Extracellular HMGB1, released from dying cells or secreted by activated innate immunity cells, forms complexes with extracellular DNA, RNA and other DAMP or pathogen-associated molecular (DAMP) molecules released after lytic cell death. These complexes are endocytosed via RAGE, constitutively expressed at high levels in the lungs only, and transported to the endolysosomal system, which is disrupted by HMGB1 at high concentrations. Danger molecules thus get access to cytosolic proinflammatory receptors instigating inflammasome activation. It is conceivable that extracellular SARS-CoV-2 RNA may reach the cellular cytosol via HMGB1-assisted transfer combined with lysosome leakage. Extracellular HMGB1 generally exists in vivo bound to other molecules, including PAMPs and DAMPs. It is plausible that these complexes are specifically removed in the lungs revealed by a 40% reduction of HMGB1 plasma levels in arterial versus venous blood. Abundant pulmonary RAGE expression enables endocytosis of danger molecules to be destroyed in the lysosomes at physiological HMGB1 levels, but causing detrimental inflammasome activation at high levels. Stress induces apoptosis in pulmonary endothelial cells from females but necrosis in cells from males. Based on these observations we propose extracellular HMGB1 to be considered as a therapeutic target for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32447425, "pmcid": "PMC7245576", "title": "Fatal SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in course of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease.", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Roncati, Luca", "Lusenti, Beatrice", "Nasillo, Vincenzo", "Manenti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447425", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333840, "pmcid": "PMC7176389", "title": "Neurosurgery in an infant with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Carrabba, Giorgio", "Tariciotti, Leonardo", "Guez, Sophie", "Calderini, Edoardo", "Locatelli, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333840", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427056, "title": "Timing of Tracheotomy in Intubated Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Delides, Alexander", "Maragoudakis, Pavlos", "Nikolopoulos, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427056", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Timing of elective tracheotomy in the intensive care unit for intubated patients with COVID-19 is still unclear. Recent recommendations and guidelines describe the surgical steps to achieve maximum protection of the involved medical staff and propose a delay of the procedure, so the viral load is decreased. Most authors of these recommendations agree that tracheotomy should be performed after at least 14 days from intubation, but data on this subject are still lacking. We discuss the issue of timing for such a procedure in regard to viral load and propose that the decision should be predominately based on its calculation."}, {"pmid": 32426558, "pmcid": "PMC7230145", "title": "Kidney biopsy findings in a critically ill COVID-19 patient with dialysis-dependent acute kidney injury: a case against \"SARS-CoV-2 nephropathy\".", "journal": "Kidney Int Rep", "authors": ["Rossi, Giovanni Maria", "Delsante, Marco", "Pilato, Francesco Paolo", "Gnetti, Letizia", "Gabrielli, Liliana", "Rossini, Giada", "Re, Maria Carla", "Cenacchi, Giovanna", "Affanni, Paola", "Colucci, Maria Eugenia", "Picetti, Edoardo", "Rossi, Sandra", "Parenti, Elisabetta", "Maccari, Caterina", "Greco, Paolo", "Di Mario, Francesca", "Maggiore, Umberto", "Regolisti, Giuseppe", "Fiaccadori, Enrico"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426558", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342369, "pmcid": "PMC7184540", "title": "[A gastrointestinal overview of COVID-19].", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Konturek, Peter C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342369", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470210, "title": "Obesity is associated with worse outcomes in COVID-19: Analysis of Early Data From New York City.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Hajifathalian, Kaveh", "Kumar, Sonal", "Newberry, Carolyn", "Shah, Shawn", "Fortune, Brett", "Krisko, Tibor", "Ortiz-Pujols, Shiara", "Zhou, Xi Kathy", "Dannenberg, Andrew J", "Kumar, Rekha", "Sharaiha, Reem Z"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470210", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has triggered a rapidly-expanding global pandemic in which patients exhibit a wide spectrum of disease severity. Given the high prevalence of obesity in the United States, we hypothesized that the presence of obesity may play a role in the clinical course of COVID-19 patients. This is a retrospective review of adult patients admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and clinical outcomes were abstracted. BMI (kg/m2 ) was analyzed with regard to a composite outcome of ICU admission or death, and intubation rate. 770 patients were included (61% male, mean age 63.5 yrs). Obese patients were more likely to present with fever, cough and shortness of breath. Obesity was also associated with a significantly higher rate of ICU admission or death (RR = 1.58, p = 0.002) even after adjusting for age, race and troponin level. Obese patients had an increased risk of critical illness leading to ICU admission or death compared to normal weight individuals. This study confirms that obesity is a major risk factor for COVID-19 disease severity, significantly impacting disease presentation and critical care requirements."}, {"pmid": 32529170, "pmcid": "PMC7280022", "title": "Systematic Screening for Venous Thromboembolic Events in COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "TH Open", "authors": ["Grandmaison, Gael", "Andrey, Antoine", "Periard, Daniel", "Engelberger, Rolf P", "Carrel, Guillaume", "Doll, Sebastien", "Dexpert, Jean-Baptiste", "Krieger, Caroline", "Ksouri, Hatem", "Hayoz, Daniel", "Sridharan, Govind"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529170", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32166483, "pmcid": "PMC7090514", "title": "Pharmaceutical care recommendations for antiviral treatments in children with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Wang, Yan", "Zhu, Li-Qin"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166483", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496210, "title": "Combination antiviral therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol and interferon-alpha1b for COVID-19.", "journal": "Antivir Ther", "authors": ["Xie, Xiangyang", "Jiang, Yuanliang", "Zeng, Yuan", "Liu, Hui"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496210", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, China, no standard therapy guideline has been set despite the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its high infectivity. The globally pandemic outbreak suggests that COVID-19 was highly infectious and difficult to control. A dual-combination of ribavirin and interferon-\u03b1 has been the widely used regimen for the treatment of this disease in China. However, due to the varying results of treatment with these drugs, a novel antiviral combination therapy is urgently needed. This case reports the usage of lopinavir/ritonavir-based combination antiviral regimen for a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32425266, "pmcid": "PMC7229727", "title": "The authors reply.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Su, Hua", "Gao, Ding", "Yang, Hai-Chun", "Fogo, Agnes B", "Nie, Xiu", "Zhang, Chun"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425266", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528617, "pmcid": "PMC7266469", "title": "Maintaining quality newborn care in Ghana amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Abdul-Mumin, Alhassan", "Agbozo, Faith", "Abubakari, Abdulai", "Jahn, Albrecht"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528617", "countries": ["Ghana"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237300, "title": "COVID-19 From a Psychiatry Perspective: Meeting the Challenges.", "journal": "J Clin Psychiatry", "authors": ["Freeman, Marlene P"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237300", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299010, "pmcid": "PMC7141641", "title": "Neurotropism of SARS-CoV 2: Mechanisms and manifestations.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Conde Cardona, Giancarlos", "Quintana Pajaro, Loraine D", "Quintero Marzola, Ivan D", "Ramos Villegas, Yancarlos", "Moscote Salazar, Luis R"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299010", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32087114, "pmcid": "PMC7159018", "title": "An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dong, Ensheng", "Du, Hongru", "Gardner, Lauren"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087114", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416771, "pmcid": "PMC7255114", "title": "COVID-19 in patients with HIV.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Jones, Rachael", "Nelson, Mark", "Bracchi, Margherita", "Asboe, David", "Boffito, Marta"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416771", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507113, "title": "Re-purposing Antimicrobial Stewardship Tools in the Electronic Medical Record for the Management of COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Davis, Matthew W", "McManus, Dayna", "Koff, Alan", "Jaszczur, Gregory R", "Malinis, Maricar", "Dela Cruz, Charles", "Britto, Clemente J", "Price, Christina", "Azmy, Veronica", "Kaman, Kelsey", "Gaston, David", "Early, Kevin", "DeWitt, Michelle", "Song, Ju-Sung", "Ortiz, Claudia", "Juthani-Mehta, Manisha", "Topal, Jeffrey E"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507113", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, the antimicrobial stewardship module in our electronic medical record was reconfigured for the management of COVID-19 patients. This allowed for our subspecialist providers to review charts quickly to optimize potential therapy and management during surge capacity."}, {"pmid": 32414639, "pmcid": "PMC7203058", "title": "Bleeding in COVID-19 severe pneumonia: The other side of abnormal coagulation pattern?", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Conti, Clara Benedetta", "Henchi, Sonia", "Coppeta, Giovanni Paolo", "Testa, Sophie", "Grassia, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414639", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245859, "title": "In other covid-19 news.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245859", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473903, "pmcid": "PMC7251348", "title": "Does poor glucose control increase the severity and mortality in patients with diabetes and COVID-19?", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Singh, Ritu"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473903", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes in often associated with an increased severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. We aimed to find out whether the severity and mortality in patients with diabetes with COVID-19 has any correlation to the level of glycemic control. A Boolean search was made in PubMed database using the specific keywords related to our objectives up till May 14, 2020 and full text of article retrieved with the supplements published in English language. Two studies available so far have studied the outcomes of severity and mortality in patients with diabetes stratified on glycemic control. Both the studies have unequivocally found that patients with poorly-controlled hyperglycemia (blood glucose >180\u00a0mg/dl) have significantly higher level of poor prognostic markers biochemically, compared to the well-controlled arms (blood glucose <180\u00a0mg/dl). Moreover, significant increase in severity and mortality was observed in cohorts with poorly-controlled blood glucose due to any cause (diabetes or stress hyperglycemia), compared to the well-controlled cohorts with COVID-19, even after the adjustment of multiple confounders. Poorly-controlled hyperglycemia increases the severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. All treating physician must strive for a good glycemic control (blood glucose <180\u00a0mg/dl) in patients with or without diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32346142, "title": "Coronavirus: sampling now for future analysis.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Thaler, David S", "Lipsitch, Marc"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346142", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450718, "title": "Ophthalmology and SARS-CoV-2: Blind toward those who fight blindness?", "journal": "Eur J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Arrigo, Alessandro", "Aragona, Emanuela", "Parodi, Maurizio Battaglia", "Loperfido, Francesco", "Bandello, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450718", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection recently reached pandemic proportions, with high risk of death for the worldwide population. In this dramatic scenario, all the resources are addressed to the intensive care units for the assessment of the emergency. However, more attention should be paid with respect to the risk of viral diffusion among asymptomatic people. Italy is the second most involved country in the world, and we needed to gain a lot of experience in a very limited time. At least 1\u00a0m of distance among people is recommended; however, some clinical practices cannot allow this distance. In this context, we believe that the careful safety assessment of clinical settings, like ophthalmologic ones, may have a remarkable impact on the fight against SARS-CoV-2 spread."}, {"pmid": 32399710, "pmcid": "PMC7216854", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: CT findings of 122 patients and differentiation from influenza pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Liu, Mengqi", "Zeng, Wenbin", "Wen, Yun", "Zheng, Yineng", "Lv, Fajin", "Xiao, Kaihu"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399710", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the clinical and chest CT characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia and explore the radiological differences between COVID-19 and influenza. A total of 122 patients (61 men and 61 women, 48\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u00a0years) confirmed with COVID-19 and 48 patients (23 men and 25 women, 47\u2009\u00b1\u200919\u00a0years) confirmed with influenza were enrolled in the study. Thin-section CT was performed. The clinical data and the chest CT findings were recorded. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were fever (74%) and cough (63%), and 102 patients (83%) had Wuhan contact. Pneumonia in 50 patients with COVID-19 (45%) distributed in the peripheral regions of the lung, while it showed mixed distribution in 26 patients (74%) with influenza (p\u2009=\u20090.022). The most common CT features of the COVID-19 group were pure ground-glass opacities (GGO, 36%), GGO with consolidation (51%), rounded opacities (35%), linear opacities (64%), bronchiolar wall thickening (49%), and interlobular septal thickening (66%). Compared with the influenza group, the COVID-19 group was more likely to have rounded opacities (35% vs. 17%, p\u2009=\u20090.048) and interlobular septal thickening (66% vs. 43%, p\u2009=\u20090.014), but less likely to have nodules (28% vs. 71%, p\u2009<\u20090.001), tree-in-bud sign (9% vs. 40%, p\u2009<\u20090.001), and pleural effusion (6% vs. 31%, p\u2009<\u20090.001). There are significant differences in the CT manifestations of patients with COVID-19 and influenza. Presence of rounded opacities and interlobular septal thickening, with the absence of nodules and tree-in-bud sign, and with the typical peripheral distribution, may help us differentiate COVID-19 from influenza. \u2022 Typical CT features of COVID-19 include pure ground-glass opacities (GGO), GGO with consolidation, rounded opacities, bronchiolar wall thickening, interlobular septal thickening, and a peripheral distribution. \u2022 Presence of rounded opacities and interlobular septal thickening, with the absence of nodules and tree-in-bud sign, and with the typical peripheral distribution, may help us differentiate COVID-19 from influenza."}, {"pmid": 32462212, "pmcid": "PMC7251552", "title": "Toll of acute methanol poisoning for preventing COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Toxicol", "authors": ["Mehrpour, Omid", "Sadeghi, Mahmood"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32071113, "pmcid": "PMC7030882", "title": "Communication, transparency key as Canada faces new coronavirus threat.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Glauser, Wendy"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32071113", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460926, "title": "Developing a guidance resource for managing delirium in patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Meagher, David", "Adamis, Dimitrios", "Timmons, Suzanne", "O'Regan, Niamh A", "O'Keeffe, Shaun", "Kennelly, Sean", "Corby, Catherine", "Meaney, Anna Maria", "Reynolds, Paul", "Mohamad, Mas", "Glynn, Kevin", "O'Sullivan, Roisin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460926", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the Covid-19 pandemic escalates worldwide it is apparent that many patients with more severe illness will also experience delirium. These patients pose a particular challenge in the application of optimal care due to issues with infectious risk, respiratory compromise and potential interactions between medications that can be used to manage delirium with antiviral and other treatments used for Covid-19. We describe a guidance resource adapted from existing guidelines for delirium management that has been tailored to the specific challenge of managing delirium in patients with Covid-19 infection. Issues around the assessment and treatment of these patients are examined and distilled into a simple (one-paged guidance resource that can assist clinicians in managing suspected delirium."}, {"pmid": 32356510, "title": "Covid-19 and public health.", "journal": "Perspect Public Health", "authors": ["Stanwell-Smith, Rosalind"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356510", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425306, "pmcid": "PMC7229712", "title": "Protective potential of Expectorants against COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Esam, Zohreh"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488323, "pmcid": "PMC7266736", "title": "Transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: algorithm of management in an Italian reference COVID center.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Mattogno, P P", "Rigante, M", "Lauretti, L", "Parrilla, C", "D'Alessandris, Q G", "Paludetti, G", "Olivi, A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488323", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344331, "pmcid": "PMC7161472", "title": "Mental Health and Psychosocial Aspects of Coronavirus Outbreak in Pakistan: Psychological Intervention for Public Mental Health Crisis.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Sonia"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344331", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451303, "pmcid": "PMC7211596", "title": "[Hypertension and COVID 19: Warnings regarding blood pressure cuffs].", "journal": "Hipertens Riesgo Vasc", "authors": ["Zilberman, J M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451303", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278766, "pmcid": "PMC7194937", "title": "Fighting against COVID-19: Innovative strategies for clinical pharmacists.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Li, Huibo", "Zheng, Siqian", "Liu, Fang", "Liu, Wei", "Zhao, Rongsheng"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical pharmacists' routine task is carrying out pharmaceutical care to ensure patients' safe and reasonable medication use. However, under public health emergencies, such as the outbreak of COVID-19, the work strategies of clinical pharmacists need to be modified according to the rapid spread of the disease, where information and resources are usually lack to guide them. To retrieve and investigate the prevention and control measures of clinical pharmacists during the outbreak of novel coronavirus, summarize the roles and responsibilities of clinical pharmacists, and to propose innovative strategies for developing pharmacy services under the epidemic. The Chinese and English databases, self-media network, website of professional society or medical institution, and clinical trial center platforms were searched, and clinical pharmacists involved in the work against COVID-19 were surveyed and interviewed. Investigate the challenges and needs of frontline medical staffs for treating patients, and formulate strategies based on the actual medical environment. Clinical pharmacists play a vital role in leading the industry to formulate work instructions, provide frontline medical staff with drug information, and develop innovative pharmacy services to promote the rational use of medicines with collaborative teamwork and close communication according to the epidemic situation of COVID-19. Anti-epidemic work indeed has driven the development of remote pharmacy services. Facing public health emergencies, clinical pharmacists can give full play to their professional expertise, analyze the current situation rationally, formulate telehealth strategies swiftly, and work in a united and efficient manner to provide innovative pharmacy services to ensure medication safety and rational use of medicine."}, {"pmid": 32460626, "title": "Technology Gap Deepened by Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Rigla, Mercedes"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510244, "title": "Status of a real-life cohort of patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis treated with secukinumab and considerations on the use of biological agents in the Covid-19 era.", "journal": "Expert Opin Biol Ther", "authors": ["Galluzzo, Marco", "Tofani, Lorenzo", "Bianchi, Luca", "Talamonti, Marina"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510244", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436038, "pmcid": "PMC7237876", "title": "[How badly is the coronavirus pandemic affecting orthopaedic and trauma surgery clinics? : An analysis of the first 5 weeks].", "journal": "Orthopade", "authors": ["von Dercks, Nikolaus", "Korner, Christian", "Heyde, Christoph-E", "Theopold, Jan"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436038", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The corona pandemic poses enormous financial challenges for hospitals. Using the example of a\u00a0clinic for orthopaedics and trauma surgery, the performance development of the first 5 weeks in comparison to last year and an evaluation of the compensation measures laid down by law will be evaluated. Based on the performance figures, a\u00a0comparison is made between the period 16.03 to 17.04.2019 and the same period in 2020. Changes in the number of cases, case mix, case-mix index and day-mix index, as well as the occupancy days are recorded. The monetary measures from the COVID-19 Hospital Relief Act are applied to these changes, and the adequacy is evaluated. Compared to last year, there was a\u00a0decrease in inpatient admissions of n\u202f=\u2009307 patients in the observation period. As a\u00a0result, there was a\u00a0decrease of 595 points in case mix and 2320 days of occupancy. This results in a\u00a0decrease in revenue of approximately EUR\u00a01.9\u00a0million. The flat rate for empty beds represents the largest monetary compensation for the loss of revenue. It amounts to approximately EUR\u00a01.3\u00a0million. Taking into account further support and an adjustment for variable costs, a\u00a0deficit of EUR\u00a0382,069 remains for 5 weeks. The measures taken by the Government are an important pillar for the economic security of German hospitals. The lack of differentiation of measures by specialty leads to insufficient compensation for orthopaedics and trauma surgery."}, {"pmid": 32105052, "title": "[Surgical treatment for esophageal cancer during the outbreak of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Y", "Qin, J J", "Wang, Z", "Yu, Y", "Wen, Y Y", "Chen, X K", "Liu, W X", "Li, Y"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105052", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, unexplained pneumonia has appeared in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, and a new type of coronavirus infection was confirmed as COVID-19. COVID-19 spread rapidly nationwide and abroad. The COVID-19 has brought huge impacts to all the people and walks of life, especially to the medical and health systems. It has also brought great challenges to the treatment of patients with cancer. Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor in China and most of the patients are in the middle and advanced stage when diagnosed, with immunosuppressive and poor prognosis. The selection of surgical procedures and perioperative managements of esophageal cancer require all thoracic surgeons work together to figure out a reasonable system of surgical treatment and emergency response."}, {"pmid": 32374832, "pmcid": "PMC7239176", "title": "Should international medical electives to resource-poor countries continue during COVID-19?", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["McMaster, David", "Veremu, Munashe", "Jonas, Kpanna M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374832", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482124, "title": "A Guiding Principles Checklist for Otolaryngologic Surgery in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Valika, Taher S", "Maurrasse, Sarah E", "Thompson, Dana M"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482124", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on surgical workflows. There is an abundance of ever-changing information, and protocols are reflexively modified on a daily basis. As many otolaryngologic procedures are shown to have higher risk of viral transmission-so-called aerosol-generating procedures-it is imperative that multidisciplinary care teams be provided updated, timely, and consistent information. A single-page Guiding Principles surgical checklist was developed to discuss 7 key factors: patient information, staff wellness, risk minimization, prioritization, resource utilization, key society criteria, and communication. This was completed for every patient requiring otolaryngologic surgery and was distributed to the care teams involved. It provided the most information for those on the frontline and allowed for cogent pre-, intra-, and postoperative planning."}, {"pmid": 32422076, "pmcid": "PMC7249507", "title": "Pulmonary Arterial Thrombosis in COVID-19 With Fatal Outcome: Results From a Prospective, Single-Center, Clinicopathologic Case Series.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Lax, Sigurd F", "Skok, Kristijan", "Zechner, Peter", "Kessler, Harald H", "Kaufmann, Norbert", "Koelblinger, Camillo", "Vander, Klaus", "Bargfrieder, Ute", "Trauner, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422076", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly become pandemic, with substantial mortality. To evaluate the pathologic changes of organ systems and the clinicopathologic basis for severe and fatal outcomes. Prospective autopsy study. Single pathology department. 11 deceased patients with COVID-19 (10 of whom were selected at random for autopsy). Systematic macroscopic, histopathologic, and viral analysis (SARS-CoV-2 on real-time polymerase chain reaction assay), with correlation of pathologic and clinical features, including comorbidities, comedication, and laboratory values. Patients' age ranged from 66 to 91 years (mean, 80.5 years; 8 men, 3 women). Ten of the 11 patients received prophylactic anticoagulant therapy; venous thromboembolism was not clinically suspected antemortem in any of the patients. Both lungs showed various stages of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), including edema, hyaline membranes, and proliferation of pneumocytes and fibroblasts. Thrombosis of small and mid-sized pulmonary arteries was found in various degrees in all 11 patients and was associated with infarction in 8 patients and bronchopneumonia in 6 patients. Kupffer cell proliferation was seen in all patients, and chronic hepatic congestion in 8 patients. Other changes in the liver included hepatic steatosis, portal fibrosis, lymphocytic infiltrates and ductular proliferation, lobular cholestasis, and acute liver cell necrosis, together with central vein thrombosis. Additional frequent findings included renal proximal tubular injury, focal pancreatitis, adrenocortical hyperplasia, and lymphocyte depletion of spleen and lymph nodes. Viral RNA was detectable in pharyngeal, bronchial, and colonic mucosa but not bile. The sample was small. COVID-19 predominantly involves the lungs, causing DAD and leading to acute respiratory insufficiency. Death may be caused by the thrombosis observed in segmental and subsegmental pulmonary arterial vessels despite the use of prophylactic anticoagulation. Studies are needed to further understand the thrombotic complications of COVID-19, together with the roles for strict thrombosis prophylaxis, laboratory, and imaging studies and early anticoagulant therapy for suspected pulmonary arterial thrombosis or thromboembolism. None."}, {"pmid": 32279309, "pmcid": "PMC7262322", "title": "The role of mental health home hospitalization care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Psychiatr Scand", "authors": ["Garriga, M", "Agasi, I", "Fedida, E", "Pinzon-Espinosa, J", "Vazquez, M", "Pacchiarotti, I", "Vieta, E"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279309", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452756, "title": "COVID-19: Nephrology preparedness checklist.", "journal": "Clin Nephrol", "authors": ["Geara, Abdallah S", "Neyra, Javier A"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292532, "pmcid": "PMC7144852", "title": "[Surgery and the Covid-19 epidemic: some additional precautions].", "authors": ["Canis, Michel", "Bourdel, Nicolas", "Botchorishvili, Revaz"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292532", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444253, "pmcid": "PMC7196391", "title": "Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Prospects and Limitations.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Khalili, Neda", "Haseli, Sara", "Iranpour, Pooya"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444253", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340833, "pmcid": "PMC7142680", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A literature review.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Harapan, Harapan", "Itoh, Naoya", "Yufika, Amanda", "Winardi, Wira", "Keam, Synat", "Te, Haypheng", "Megawati, Dewi", "Hayati, Zinatul", "Wagner, Abram L", "Mudatsir, Mudatsir"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340833", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of February 14, 2020, 49,053 laboratory-confirmed and 1,381 deaths have been reported globally. Perceived risk of acquiring disease has led many governments to institute a variety of control measures. We conducted a literature review of publicly available information to summarize knowledge about the pathogen and the current epidemic. In this literature review, the causative agent, pathogenesis and immune responses, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and management of the disease, control and preventions strategies are all reviewed."}, {"pmid": 32391410, "pmcid": "PMC7206447", "title": "Dataset on dynamics of Coronavirus on Twitter.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Aguilar-Gallegos, Norman", "Romero-Garcia, Leticia Elizabeth", "Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique Genaro", "Garcia-Sanchez, Edgar Ivan", "Aguilar-Avila, Jorge"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391410", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this data article, we provide a dataset of 8,982,694 Twitter posts around the coronavirus health global crisis. The data were collected through the Twitter REST API search. We used the rtweet R package to download raw data. The term searched was \"Coronavirus\" which included the word itself and its hashtag version. We collected the data over 23 days, from January 21 to February 12, 2020. The dataset is multilingual, prevailing English, Spanish, and Portuguese. We include a new variable created from other four variables; it is called \"type\" of tweets, which is useful for showing the diversity of tweets and the dynamics of users on Twitter. The dataset comprises seven databases which can be analysed separately. On the other hand, they can be crossed to set other researches, among them, trends and relevance of different topics, types of tweets, the embeddedness of users and their profiles, the retweets dynamics, hashtag analysis, as well as to perform social network analysis. This dataset can attract the attention of researchers related to different fields on knowledge, such as data science, social science, network science, health informatics, tourism, infodemiology, and others."}, {"pmid": 32423523, "title": "What should be done to support the mental health of healthcare staff treating covid-19 patients?", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Tracy, Derek K", "Tarn, Mark", "Eldridge, Rod", "Cooke, Joanne", "Calder, James D F", "Greenberg, Neil"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423523", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an urgent need to provide evidence-based well-being and mental health support for front-line clinical staff managing the COVID-19 pandemic who are at risk of moral injury and mental illness. We describe the evidence base for a tiered model of care, and practical steps on its implementation."}, {"pmid": 32456944, "pmcid": "PMC7190471", "title": "High prevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 in haemodialysis: learning day by day in the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nefrologia", "authors": ["Albalate, Marta", "Arribas, Patricia", "Torres, Esther", "Cintra, Melissa", "Alcazar, Roberto", "Puerta, Marta", "Ortega, Mayra", "Procaccini, Fabio", "Martin, Juan", "Jimenez, Eva", "Fernandez, Isabel", "de Sequera, Patricia"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456944", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dialysis patients are a risk group for SARS-CoV-2 infection and possibly further complications, but we have little information. The aim of this paper is to describe the experience of the first month of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a hospital haemodialysis (HD) unit serving the district of Madrid with the second highest incidence of COVID-19 (almost 1,000 patients in 100,000h). In the form of a diary, we present the actions undertaken, the incidence of COVID-19 in patients and health staff, some clinical characteristics and the results of screening all the patients in the unit. We started with 90 patients on HD: 37 (41.1%) had COVID-19, of whom 17 (45.9%) were diagnosed through symptoms detected in triage or during the session, and 15 (40.5%) through subsequent screening of those who, until that time, had not undergone SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing. Fever was the most frequent symptom, 50% had lymphopenia and 18.4% <95% O2 saturation. Sixteen (43.2%) patients required hospital admission and 6 (16.2%) died. We found a cluster of infection per shift and also among those using public transport. In terms of staff, of the 44 people involved, 15 (34%) had compatible symptoms, 4 (9%) were confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 PCR cases by occupational health, 9 (20%) required some period of sick leave, temporary disability to work (ILT), and 5 were considered likely cases. CONCLUSIONS: We detected a high prevalence of COVID-19 with a high percentage detected by screening; hence the need for proactive diagnosis to stop the pandemic. Most cases are managed as outpatients, however severe symptoms are also appearing and mortality to date is 16.2%. In terms of staff, 20% have required sick leave in relation to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32298782, "pmcid": "PMC7194729", "title": "Anosmia in a healthcare worker with COVID-19 in Madrid, Spain.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ollarves-Carrero, Maria Fernanda", "Rodriguez-Morales, Andrea G", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298782", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519205, "title": "Decreased utilization of mental health emergency service during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Hoyer, Carolin", "Ebert, Anne", "Szabo, Kristina", "Platten, Michael", "Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas", "Kranaster, Laura"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519205", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the rapid rise of the COVID-19 pandemic, a reduction of the numbers of patients presenting to emergency departments has been observed. We present an early study from a German psychiatric hospital to assess the dynamics of mental health emergency service utilization rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that the numbers of emergency presentations decreased, and a positive correlation between these numbers and mobility of the general public suggests an impact of extended measures of social distancing. This finding underscores the necessity of raising and sustaining awareness regarding the threat to mental health in the context of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32376528, "pmcid": "PMC7086131", "title": "[Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Chang, Jinghui", "Yuan, Yuxin", "Wang, Dong"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376528", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the mental health status of college students during the epidemic of COVID-19 and identify the factors influencing the mental health of the students. Using a general questionnaire, a self-designed new coronavirus pneumonia knowledge and cognitive behavior questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), we conducted an internet-based questionnaire survey of 3881 college students in Guangdong Province. A multinomial-logistic regression model was used to analyze the collected data. The survey showed that 69.47% of the college students had a high level of awareness of COVID-19; the overall incidence of anxiety was 26.60%, and the incidences of mild, moderate and severe anxiety were 23.19%, 2.71%, and 0.70%, respectively. Depressive emotions were detected in 21.16% of the students, and the incidences of mild, moderate, and moderate-to-severe depression were 16.98%, 3.17%, and 1.01%, respectively. The results of multivariate analysis showed that an older age was associated with a higher level of awareness of COVID-19 and greater changes in future health behaviors were associated with less anxiety and depression among the students. The students currently in rural areas, of non-medical majors, and reporting half of their information concerning the epidemic being negative were more likely to have anxiety; female gender, residence in suburbs, a drinking history, and excessive negative information concerning the epidemic were all associated with the likeliness of depression. The college students have different levels of anxiety and depression during the epidemic. Depression and anxiety are closely related, but the factors contributing to different levels of such emotions can be different, and colleges and related departments are urged to provide precision mental health education for college students."}, {"pmid": 32292846, "pmcid": "PMC7103918", "title": "Chinese Health Care Workers and COVID-19: For Whom the Bell Tolls.", "journal": "JACC Basic Transl Sci", "authors": ["Mann, Douglas L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292846", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425468, "pmcid": "PMC7227501", "title": "Promoting Technology and Virtual Visits to Improve Older Adult Mental Health in the Face of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Gould, Christine E", "Hantke, Nathan C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425468", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362384, "pmcid": "PMC7193137", "title": "SEPAR and AEER consensus recommendations on the Use of Bronchoscopy and Airway Sampling in Patients with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Cordovilla, Rosa", "Alvarez, Susana", "Llanos, Liliana", "Nunez Ares, Ana", "Cases Viedma, Enrique", "Diaz-Perez, David", "Flandes, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362384", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This consensus document has been drawn up by the Techniques and Transplantation and Nursing areas of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) and the Spanish Society of Respiratory Endoscopy (AEER) with the aim of providing information on the safe and effective use of bronchoscopy in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. Our priority is to ensure the safety of our patients, the health workers caring for them, and the community in general. At this stage in the pandemic, our information on the use of bronchoscopy in patients of this type is based on the experience of hospitals in other countries, and scientific publications are scarce. The objective of this document is to compile these experiences, based on recommendations from official agencies, in a document offering guidance in daily clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32229048, "pmcid": "PMC7195419", "title": "[SARS-CoV-2/COVID 19 Infection and Solid Cancers: Synthesis of Recommendations for Health Professionals].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Grellety, Thomas", "Ravaud, Alain", "Canivet, Anne", "Ganem, Gerard", "Giraud, Philippe", "Guimbaud, Rosine", "Kaluzinski, Laure", "Krakowski, Ivan", "Mayeur, Didier", "Lotz, Jean-Pierre", "You, Benoit"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229048", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416786, "pmcid": "PMC7255199", "title": "Hypertension, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition, and COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Williams, Bryan", "Zhang, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416786", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463587, "title": "Global perspectives on Covid-19 from the editorial board.", "journal": "Clin Teach", "authors": ["Thistlethwaite, Jill", "Locke, Rachel", "Buckley, Sharon", "Chandratilake, Madawa", "Jensen, Gail", "van Schalkwyk, Susan", "Weller-Newton, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463587", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380382, "pmcid": "PMC7187880", "title": "Detection of low levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs using three commercial molecular assays.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Lowe, Christopher F", "Matic, Nancy", "Ritchie, Gordon", "Lawson, Tanya", "Stefanovic, Aleksandra", "Champagne, Sylvie", "Leung, Victor", "Romney, Marc G"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380382", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, commercial molecular assays for SARS-CoV-2 testing have been rapidly developed and broadly deployed in laboratories worldwide. Although these assays have been reported to correlate well, we sought to compare the Xpert\u00ae Xpress SARS-CoV-2 to the cobas\u00ae SARS-CoV-2 or the Lightmix\u00ae Modular SARS and Wuhan CoV E-gene assay for nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs with low levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Thirty-seven NP swabs were studied, including 10 samples with a moderate cycle threshold (Ct) between 30-33.9, and 22 with Ct\u226534, and 5 negative for SARS-CoV-2. Overall concordance on initial comparison was 86.5 % (32/37), which was 100 % concordance for samples with Ct values ranging between 30-33.9. Discordance amongst samples showing a Ct \u226534 was 22.7 % (5/22). Endpoint value analysis on the Xpress SARS-CoV-2 within the discordant samples noted two with an endpoint value >5, which were detected by the cobas\u00ae or Lightmix\u00ae. Testing of SARS-CoV-2 on the three commercial assays was comparable for NP swabs with moderate Ct values, while high Ct values were less concordant. Importantly, analysis of Xpert\u00ae endpoint values improved interpretation of discrepant results."}, {"pmid": 32389852, "pmcid": "PMC7204745", "title": "Covid-19 health crisis management in Europe: Decisive assessment is needed now.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gallina, Pasquale", "Ricci, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381668, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Prevention and Control in the Radiology Department.", "journal": "Radiol Technol", "authors": ["Hamm, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381668", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522031, "title": "ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILISATION OF NEWER TECHNOLOGIES AND EFFECTS ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE 2 DIABETES - LESSONS LEARNT FROM LOCKDOWN.", "journal": "Diabetes Technol Ther", "authors": ["Anjana, Ranjit Mohan", "Pradeepa, Rajendra", "Deepa, Mohan", "Jebarani, Saravanan", "Venkatesan, Ulagamathesan", "Parvathi, Somasundaram Jaya", "Balasubramanyam, Muthuswamy", "Radha, Venkatesan", "Poongothai, Subramani", "Sudha, Vasudevan", "Rani, C S Shanthi", "Harish, Ranjani", "Amutha, Anandakumar", "Nagaraj, Manickam", "Ranjit, Unnikrishnan", "Mohan, Viswanathan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522031", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the effects of a prolonged lockdown due to Coronavirus (COVID-19) on adoption of newer technologies and changes in glycemic control on patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in India. The study population included a random list of 3000 individuals with T2D derived from 30,748 individuals who had visited a large tertiary diabetes centre during the past year. The survey was carried out through telephonic interview. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on changes in lifestyle, access and challenges to diabetes care and use of technologies such as telemedicine facilities and use of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) etc. Results: Of the 2510 individuals successfully interviewed(83.7% response rate), 382 (15.2%) reported having attempted to consult their healthcare providers during the lockdown, of whom only 30.6% utilized telemedicine facility. However, 96 (82%) of those who utilized telemedicine facility(n=117) were happy with their experience and 68 (58.1%) were willing to continue to use the facility in the future. Only 11.4% of participants utilized online support for management of diabetes. Use of self-monitoring of blood glucose(SMBG) increased significantly from 15.5% to 51.3% during the lockdown. There was an improvement in glycemic control during the lockdown [HbA1c:Before vs. during lockdown:8.2\u00b11.9% vs.7.7\u00b11.7%, p<0.001] in a non-randomly selected subset of subjects (n= 205). Acceptance of telemedicine facilities remains suboptimal in this Asian Indian population, in spite of high levels of satisfaction among those who utilized it. The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown have not adversely affected metabolic control in our patients, and indeed there appears to be an improvement in HbA1c levels. Greater accessibility and acceptance of technology could help individuals with diabetes to maintain better contact with their physicians and ensure better metabolic control in the future."}, {"pmid": 32498493, "title": "[Consideration on improving public health emergency management ability of current medical health system].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Cao, G W", "Zhang, B X", "Chen, X P"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498493", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Direct economic loss is expected to be much more than that of SARS outbreak in 2003. The risk factors of COVID-19 epidemic at the early stage incluede the misjudgment of the epidemic, delay in reporting this emerging infectious disease, nosocomial infection-caused transmission of the virus into local communities, and weak public health interventions. The infection rate (or the incidence) reflects the prophylactic effect in population. Case fatality reflects the therapeutic effect of clinical intervention. There were sufficient medical resources at the national top levels accumulated in Wuhan. Furthermore, medical professionals and sufficient medical supplies from other provinces have been assigned to join in the fighting against the epidemic in Wuhan. However, the case fatality in Wuhan has being kept the highest in China, indicating that clinical treatment for this virus-caused emerging infectious disease, whose pathogenesis remains to be elucidated, had a limited effect in controlling this epidemic. The unusual, extremely costly public health interventions including the temporarily city quarantine and transportation ban issued by the central government are crucial in controlling this epidemic. The control of epidemic indicates the importance of public health measures but also reflected its insufficient capacity in China. Recently, profit-seeking mechanism run in Chinese health service system disorganized the balance of clinical service and public health service patterns in China, promoting the vicious circle of \"attaching importance to clinical treatment and despising disease prophylaxis\" , damaging the infrastructure of public health capacity, thus contributing to the formation of the inevitability in various fortuities of public health emergency. To strength the capacity of our medical service system to respond to public health emergency efficiently, two key issues should be considered. First, public health service, which should be fixed as the health section of the governments' public services by the law, must be greatly improved to meet the increasing health needs of the publics. Second, the vicious circle of profit-seeking-caused \"attaching importance to clinical treatment and despising disease prophylaxis\" should be immediately broken to optimize the national health service system in China by increasing the investment in public health service."}, {"pmid": 32405116, "pmcid": "PMC7217785", "title": "New-onset psychosis in COVID-19 pandemic: a case series in Madrid.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Martin, David Rentero", "Gonzalez, Alba Juanes", "Perez, Cristina P Losada", "Sesmero, Sonia Alvarez", "Gonzalez, Alba Parra", "Mendoza, Varinia D Santana", "Estevez, Ines Marti", "Larranaga, Javier Urricelqui"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405116", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32119647, "title": "Laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-2019 infection.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119647", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380891, "title": "Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Elder Mistreatment and Response in New York City: Initial Lessons.", "journal": "J Appl Gerontol", "authors": ["Elman, Alyssa", "Breckman, Risa", "Clark, Sunday", "Gottesman, Elaine", "Rachmuth, Lisa", "Reiff, Margaret", "Callahan, Jean", "Russell, Laura A", "Curtis, Maureen", "Solomon, Joy", "Lok, Deirdre", "Sirey, Jo Anne", "Lachs, Mark S", "Czaja, Sara", "Pillemer, Karl", "Rosen, Tony"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380891", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New York City is currently experiencing an outbreak of COVID-19, a highly contagious and potentially deadly virus, which is particularly dangerous for older adults. This pandemic has led to public health policies including social distancing and stay-at-home orders. We explore here the impact of this unique crisis on victims of elder mistreatment and people at risk of victimization. The COVID-19 outbreak has also had a profound impact on the organizations from many sectors that typically respond to protect and serve victims of elder mistreatment. We examine this impact and describe creative solutions developed by these organizations and initial lessons learned in New York City to help inform other communities facing this pandemic and provide guidance for future crises."}, {"pmid": 32500922, "title": "Failed antibody response in a renal transplant recipient with SARS-CoV-2 infected.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xia, Zhiping", "Liu, Xiaojun", "Hu, Xiaoyan", "Zhong, Zibiao", "Wang, Yanfeng", "Peng, Guizhu", "Ye, Qifa"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500922", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as a novel pathogen causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, subsequently spread to the rest of China and has been demonstrating a rapid global spread. Nucleic acid testing (NAT, tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction) of SARS-CoV-2 virus in oropharyngeal/nasal swab samples has been described to be extremely sensitive for the diagnose of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but false-negative results have been reported. Recent months, researches demonstrated the importance of IgM/IgG antibody detecting due to the unsatisfied positive rate of NAT, and the increasement IgM/IgG antibody was considered as a confirmed criteria of diagnosis in the official guides of the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in China (7th Edition) ."}, {"pmid": 32428290, "title": "Severe COVID-19 in a pregnant patient admitted to hospital in Wuhan.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Yu, Ying", "Fan, Cuifang", "Bian, Junmei", "Shen, Yin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428290", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. This virus strain causes the respiratory illness coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite significant research efforts in this field, there is limited data on COVID-19 in pregnancy. This article presents a case of a pregnant woman from Wuhan infected with SARS-CoV-2, including her symptoms, pregnancy outcome, and treatment strategy."}, {"pmid": 32449939, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-binding proteins expressed by upper respiratory tract bacteria may prevent severe viral infection.", "journal": "FEBS Lett", "authors": ["Honarmand Ebrahimi, Kourosh"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449939", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major global challenge. The virus infects host cells using its spike glycoprotein (S-protein) and has significantly higher infectivity and mortality rates among the aged population. Here, based on bioinformatic analysis, I provide evidence that some members of the upper respiratory tract (URT) commensal bacteria express viral S-protein -binding proteins. Based on this analysis and available data showing a decline in the population of these bacteria in the elderly, I propose that some URT commensal bacteria hamper SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and that a decline in the population of these bacteria contributes to the severity of infection. Further studies should provide a better understanding of the interaction of URT bacteria and SARS-CoV-2, which may lead to new therapeutic approaches."}, {"pmid": 32484683, "title": "Household Materials Selection for Homemade Cloth Face Coverings and Their Filtration Efficiency Enhancement with Triboelectric Charging.", "journal": "Nano Lett", "authors": ["Zhao, Mervin", "Liao, Lei", "Xiao, Wang", "Yu, Xuanze", "Wang, Haotian", "Wang, Qiqi", "Lin, Ying Ling", "Kilinc-Balci, F Selcen", "Price, Amy", "Chu, Larry", "Chu, May C", "Chu, Steven", "Cui, Yi"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484683", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is currently causing a severe disruption and shortage in the global supply chain of necessary personal protective equipment (e.g., N95 respirators). The U.S. CDC has recommended use of household cloth by the general public to make cloth face coverings as a method of source control. We evaluated the filtration properties of natural and synthetic materials using a modified procedure for N95 respirator approval. Common fabrics of cotton, polyester, nylon, and silk had filtration efficiency of 5-25%, polypropylene spunbond had filtration efficiency 6-10%, and paper-based products had filtration efficiency of 10-20%. An advantage of polypropylene spunbond is that it can be simply triboelectrically charged to enhance the filtration efficiency (from 6 to >10%) without any increase in pressure (stable overnight and in humid environments). Using the filtration quality factor, fabric microstructure, and charging ability, we are able to provide an assessment of suggested fabric materials for homemade facial coverings."}, {"pmid": 32278585, "pmcid": "PMC7270926", "title": "Favorable changes of CT findings in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia after treatment with tocilizumab.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Imaging", "authors": ["Cellina, M", "Orsi, M", "Bombaci, F", "Sala, M", "Marino, P", "Oliva, G"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278585", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297671, "pmcid": "PMC7262036", "title": "Relationships among lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, and the pulmonary inflammation index in coronavirus (COVID-19) infected patients.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Wan, Suxin", "Yi, Qingjie", "Fan, Shibing", "Lv, Jinglong", "Zhang, Xianxiang", "Guo, Lian", "Lang, Chunhui", "Xiao, Qing", "Xiao, Kaihu", "Yi, Zhengjun", "Qiang, Mao", "Xiang, Jianglin", "Zhang, Bangshuo", "Chen, Yongping", "Gao, Cailiang"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297671", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We explored the relationships between lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, pulmonary inflammation index (PII) and disease evolution in patients with (corona virus disease 2019) COVID-19. A total of 123 patients with COVID-19 were divided into mild and severe groups. Lymphocyte subsets and cytokines were detected on the first day of hospital admission and lung computed tomography results were quantified by PII. Difference analysis and correlation analysis were performed on the two groups. A total of 102 mild and 21 severe patients were included in the analysis. There were significant differences in cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+ T), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+ T), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and PII between the two groups. There were significant positive correlations between CD4+ T and CD8+ T, IL-6 and IL-10 in the mild group (r2 \u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7694, r 2 \u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7633, respectively; P\u00a0<\u00a00\u00b701). After 'five-in-one' treatment, all patients were discharged with the exception of the four who died. Higher survival rates occurred in the mild group and in those with IL-6 within normal values. CD4+ T, CD8+ T, IL-6, IL-10 and PII can be used as indicators of disease evolution, and the PII can be used as an independent indicator for disease progression of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32259123, "pmcid": "PMC7114933", "title": "Daily Situation Report on Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran; March 17, 2020.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259123", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The main strategy of the Ministry of Health (MOH) for the control of COVID-19 is active case finding using electronic tools, taking advantage of the capacity of the national primary health care (PHC) network, and community engagement. To accomplish this, all people are asked to participate in the screening process using the MOH's self-assessment portal (salamat.gov.ir). Health workers and public volunteers actively contact suspected cases using information recorded in this portal, as well as the electronic health record (SIB portal). They actively evaluate individuals, follow-up them, and provide them with necessary information. Where needed, clients are referred to 16-hour treatment clinics, which are specifically set up for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, to the hospitals, or will be treated at home. The preliminary results of this national campaign (launched nationwide last week) is provided in this factsheet."}, {"pmid": 32343299, "pmcid": "PMC7189331", "title": "Negative-Pressure Aerosol Cover for COVID-19 Tracheostomy.", "journal": "JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Bertroche, J Tyler", "Pipkorn, Patrik", "Zolkind, Paul", "Buchman, Craig A", "Zevallos, Jose P"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343299", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307522, "pmcid": "PMC7188163", "title": "Assessing the impact of the covid-19 pandemic and accompanying mitigation efforts on older adults.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Cawthon, Peggy", "Orwoll, Eric", "Ensrud, Kristine", "Cauley, Jane A", "Kritchevsky, Stephen B", "Cummings, Steven R", "Newman, Anne"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307522", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311431, "pmcid": "PMC7165111", "title": "Etiology and genetic evolution of canine coronavirus circulating in five provinces of China, during 2018-2019.", "journal": "Microb Pathog", "authors": ["He, Hai-Jian", "Zhang, Wenyan", "Liang, Jiawei", "Lu, Meng", "Wang, Ruyi", "Li, Gairu", "He, Jia-Wei", "Chen, Jun", "Chen, Jun", "Xing, Gang", "Chen, Ye"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311431", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the outbreaks of COVID-19 in worldwide, coronavirus has once again caught the attention of people. Canine coronavirus is widespread among dog population, and sometimes causes even fatal cases. Here, to characterize the prevalence and evolution of current circulating canine coronavirus (CCoV) strains in China, we collected 213 fecal samples from diarrheic pet dogs between 2018 and 2019. Of the 213 samples, we found 51 (23.94%) were positive for CCoV. Co-infection with canine parvovirus (CPV), canine astrovirus (CaAstV), canine kobuvirus (CaKV), Torque teno canis virus (TTCaV) were ubiquitous existed. Mixed infection of different CCoV subtypes exists extensively. Considering the limited sequences data in recent years, we sequenced 7 nearly complete genomes and 10 complete spike gene. Phylogenetic analysis of spike gene revealed a new subtype CCoV-II Variant and CCoV-IIa was the most prevalent subtype currently circulating. Moreover, we identified strain B906_ZJ_2019 shared 93.24% nucleotide identifies with previous strain A76, and both of them clustered with CCoV-II Variant, which were not well clustered with the known subtypes. Recombination analysis of B906_ZJ_2019 indicated that strain B906_ZJ_2019 may a recombinant variant between CCoV-I and CCoV-II, which is consistent with strain A76. Furthermore, amino acid variations widely existed among current CCoV-IIa strains circulating in China and the classic CCoV-IIa strains, in spite of the unknown functions. In a word, we report a useful information as to the etiology and evolution of canine coronavirus in China based on the available sequences, which is urgent for the devise of future effective disease prevention and control strategies."}, {"pmid": 32314950, "title": "Society for Vascular Medicine (SVM) Leaders Respond to the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Vasc Med", "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469482, "title": "Screening for Covid-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Huber, Douglas H"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469482", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427981, "pmcid": "PMC7235550", "title": "Organoids demonstrate gut infection by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Dickson, Iain"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427981", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374009, "title": "Potential mechanisms by which the oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) therapy could contribute to the treatment against the coronavirus COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Valdenassi, L", "Franzini, M", "Ricevuti, G", "Rinaldi, L", "Galoforo, A C", "Tirelli, U"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374009", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466867, "pmcid": "PMC7239021", "title": "Management of a delivery suite during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Qi, Hongbo", "Chen, Miaomiao", "Luo, Xin", "Liu, Xiyao", "Shi, Yuan", "Liu, Tianjiao", "Zhang, Hua", "Zhang, Jun", "Zhao, Yangyu", "Tong, Chao", "Baker, Philip N"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466867", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first report of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in December of 2019, it has become rapidly prevalent and been declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization. There are quite a few cases reported involving delivery with COVID-19 infection, but little valuable suggestion was provided about what healthcare providers of obstetrics and neonatology should do in their clinic practice for unknown status or presumed negative women. Here, we summarized the current practice of delivery management in China that successfully prevented rapid increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes and nosocomial infection in departments of obstetrics and neonatology during the pandemic of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32352076, "pmcid": "PMC7189842", "title": "Navigating the Clean Energy Transition in the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Joule", "authors": ["Steffen, Bjarne", "Egli, Florian", "Pahle, Michael", "Schmidt, Tobias S"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352076", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Bjarne Steffen is a senior researcher at ETH Zurich's Energy Politics Group. His research addresses policies related to energy innovation and the role of finance in the energy transition. He previously worked at MIT's Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, the World Economic Forum, and a strategy consultancy. Bjarne holds a Master's in economics from the University of Mannheim and a PhD in energy economics from the University of Duisburg-Essen. Florian Egli is a PhD candidate at ETH Zurich's Energy Politics Group. His research focuses on the role of finance in the energy transition and climate finance more generally. He is a World Economic Forum Global Shaper, is associated with the think tank foraus as its former vice president, and held a Mercator Fellowship on International Affairs in 2015 and 2016. Florian holds a Master's in International Economics from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (IHEID) in Geneva. Michael Pahle is head of the working group \"Climate and Energy Policy\" at the Potsdam-Institute for Climate Impact Research. His research focuses on carbon pricing and power market design. He holds a Master's in Physics from Potsdam University and a PhD in economics from TU Berlin. Tobias S. Schmidt is Assistant Professor and the head of ETH Zurich's Energy Politics Group, an interdisciplinary group analyzing the interaction of energy policy and its underlying politics with technological change in the energy sector. His research covers both developed and developing countries. Tobias holds a Bachelor's and Master's of Science in electrical engineering (energy focus) from the Technical University Munich and a PhD from ETH Zurich in management, technology, and economics."}, {"pmid": 32217609, "pmcid": "PMC7157705", "title": "Report from the American Society for Microbiology COVID-19 International Summit, 23 March 2020: Value of Diagnostic Testing for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Patel, Robin", "Babady, Esther", "Theel, Elitza S", "Storch, Gregory A", "Pinsky, Benjamin A", "St George, Kirsten", "Smith, Tara C", "Bertuzzi, Stefano"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217609", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32225178, "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Italy: A Lesson for the Future.", "journal": "Int J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Santacroce, Luigi", "Bottalico, Lucrezia", "Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225178", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203350, "title": "Coronavirus fears cancel world's biggest physics meeting.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Castelvecchi, Davide"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203350", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300101, "pmcid": "PMC7162686", "title": "Saliva: potential diagnostic value and transmission of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Int J Oral Sci", "authors": ["Xu, Ruoshi", "Cui, Bomiao", "Duan, Xiaobo", "Zhang, Ping", "Zhou, Xuedong", "Yuan, Quan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300101", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019-nCoV epidemic was firstly reported at late December of 2019 and has caused a global outbreak of COVID-19 now. Saliva, a biofluid largely generated from salivary glands in oral cavity, has been reported 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive. Besides lungs, salivary glands and tongue are possibly another hosts of 2019-nCoV due to expression of ACE2. Close contact or short-range transmission of infectious saliva droplets is a primary mode for 2019-nCoV to disseminate as claimed by WHO, while long-distance saliva aerosol transmission is highly environment dependent within indoor space with aerosol-generating procedures such as dental practice. So far, no direct evidence has been found that 2019-nCoV is vital in air flow for long time. Therefore, to prevent formation of infectious saliva droplets, to thoroughly disinfect indoor air and to block acquisition of saliva droplets could slow down 2019-nCoV dissemination. This review summarizes diagnostic value of saliva for 2019-nCoV, possibly direct invasion into oral tissues, and close contact transmission of 2019-nCoV by saliva droplets, expecting to contribute to 2019-nCoV epidemic control."}, {"pmid": 32181990, "pmcid": "PMC7228349", "title": "Successful recovery of COVID-19 pneumonia in a renal transplant recipient with long-term immunosuppression.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Zhu, Lan", "Xu, Xizhen", "Ma, Ke", "Yang, Junling", "Guan, Hanxiong", "Chen, Song", "Chen, Zhishui", "Chen, Gang"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181990", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised great concern worldwide, but its impact on transplant recipients is unknown. We report here the clinical features and therapeutic course of the first reported renal transplant recipient with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. This is a 52-year-old man who received kidney transplantation 12\u00a0years ago. His overall clinical characteristics (symptoms, laboratory examinations, and chest CT) were similar to those of non-transplanted COVID-19 patients. Following a treatment regimen consisting of reduced immunosuppressant use and low dose methylprednisolone-based therapy, the COVID-19 pneumonia in this long-term immunosuppressive patient was successfully recovered. This effectively treated case has reference value for the future treatment of other transplant patients with COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32347941, "pmcid": "PMC7197549", "title": "Commentary on: The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned? A One Health approach to coronaviruses.", "journal": "Int J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Kahn, Laura H"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347941", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369396, "title": "Outpatient Inhaled Nitric Oxide in a Patient with Vasoreactive IPAH and COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Zamanian, Roham T", "Pollack, Charles V Jr", "Gentile, Michael A", "Rashid, Moira", "Fox, John Christian", "Mahaffey, Kenneth W", "de Jesus Perez, Vinicio"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369396", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271914, "pmcid": "PMC7184476", "title": "The hearth of mathematical and statistical modelling during the Coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Bertolaccini, Luca", "Spaggiari, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271914", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503600, "pmcid": "PMC7274058", "title": "In-hospital airway management of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Sullivan, Elise H", "Gibson, Lauren E", "Berra, Lorenzo", "Chang, Marvin G", "Bittner, Edward A"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503600", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Those involved in the airway management of COVID-19 patients are particularly at risk. Here, we describe a practical, stepwise protocol for safe in-hospital airway management in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32276721, "pmcid": "PMC7141474", "title": "Ethical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Dent Assoc", "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276721", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205270, "pmcid": "PMC7142679", "title": "Should the Holy Week 2020 be cancelled in Latin America due to the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Sah, Ranjit", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205270", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323297, "pmcid": "PMC7264740", "title": "Optimizing psychiatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Psychiatr Scand", "authors": ["Moesmann Madsen, M", "Dines, D", "Hieronymus, F"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323297", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417209, "pmcid": "PMC7224673", "title": "Thrombocytopenia and coagulation disorders due to COVID 19 infection with concomitant cardiovascular diseases requiring anti-platelet and anticoagulant therapy, which strategy?", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Buioni, Dario", "Nardi, Paolo", "Ruvolo, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417209", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32189175, "pmcid": "PMC7088615", "title": "CT image of novel coronavirus pneumonia: a case report.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiangmin", "Song, Wei", "Liu, Xingli", "Lyu, Liang"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189175", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Knowledge of CT characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia might be helpful to the early diagnosis and treatment of patients, and to control the spread of infection. The chest CT images of the patient were collected to describe the CT manifestations and characteristics, and they were compared with the previous studies. Multiple patchy ground-glass opacities (GGOs) were seen in bilateral lung, mostly in subpleural areas. They progressed within 3\u00a0days, and nodular GGOs were also seen together with subpleural patchy GGOs. Our case of COVID-19 pneumonia showed multiple subpleural GGOs in bilateral lung, rapid progression, and it also accompanied nodular GGOs on chest CT. These findings were consistent with the previous reports, and they might be useful for early detection and evaluation of severity of COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32467575, "title": "What a US exit from the WHO means for COVID-19 and global health.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467575", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267301, "pmcid": "PMC7156252", "title": "Driving forces for COVID-19 clinical trials using chloroquine: the need to choose the right research questions and outcomes.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo", "Brito-Sousa, Jose Diego", "Baia-da-Silva, Djane", "Melo, Gisely Cardoso de", "Siqueira, Andre Machado", "Val, Fernando", "Daniel-Ribeiro, Claudio Tadeu", "Guimaraes Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267301", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392498, "pmcid": "PMC7207190", "title": "Parents on the front lines of COVID-19 face tough choices.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Varner, Catherine"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392498", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512673, "title": "COVID-19: Pathogenesis, Genetic Polymorphism, Clinical Features and Laboratory Findings.", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Ozturk, Recep"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512673", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 caused by a novel agent SARS-CoV-2 progressed to a pandemic condition and resulted in a major public health concern worldwide, leading to social and economic issues at the same time. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 starts with the bonding of the virus to ACE-2 receptors expressed in many tissues, and the triggered excessive immune response plays a critical role in the course of the disease. The cytokine storm that occurs upon excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is considered responsible for the severe progression of the disease and the organ damage. However, the accurate pathophysiological mechanism of the disease, which progresses with various clinical presentations, is still substantially unknown. While various studies have been conducted on the effect of genetic polymorphism on the course and severity of the disease, the presence of a significant effect has not been proven yet. The clinical course of the disease is variable, with clinical representation ranging from 81% mild course to 14% severe course along with 5% critical course in patients. Asymptomatic course is considered to be higher than expected, although its frequency is not known exactly. Older adults and those with comorbidities are exposed to a more severe disease course. The disease progress with various symptoms, such as fever, cough, dyspnea, malaise, myalgia, taste and smell dysfunctions, diarrhea, and headache. A range of complications (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, thromboembolic conditions, arrhythmia and cardiac events, secondary infections) could be seen during the course of the disease. Varied laboratory tests are vital to determine the severity and prognosis of the disease, along with the condition and exposure of the affected systems during the course of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32522755, "title": "Covid-19: Better data on outbreaks will help control infection, say experts.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Griffin, Shaun"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522755", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493147, "title": "The Coincidence of 2 Epidemics, Coccidioidomycosis and SARS-CoV-2: A Case Report.", "journal": "J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep", "authors": ["Shah, Amar S", "Heidari, Arash", "Civelli, Valerie F", "Sharma, Ritika", "Clark, Charles S", "Munoz, Augustine D", "Ragland, Alan Scott", "Johnson, Royce H"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493147", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the middle of a pandemic, patients with cough and fever are thought to have SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2). It should be remembered that in the desert southwest of the United States, we have an ongoing epidemic of coccidioidomycosis (CM). There are additionally many other respiratory illnesses that could be confused with CoV-2 or overlooked. This is a case report of CoV-2 engrafted on chronic cavitary pulmonary CM. In a time where the coronavirus pandemic is becoming rampant, we demonstrate the case of a coinfection with cavitary pulmonary CM. In this case, the importance of detection of the coronavirus and treatment of the coinfection is explored."}, {"pmid": 32518212, "title": "Characteristics of registered clinical trials assessing treatments for COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis.", "journal": "BMJ Open", "authors": ["Mehta, Hemalkumar B", "Ehrhardt, Stephan", "Moore, Thomas J", "Segal, Jodi B", "Alexander, G Caleb"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518212", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted many initiatives to identify safe and efficacious treatments, yet little is known regarding where early efforts have focused. We aimed to characterise registered clinical trials assessing drugs or plasma treatments for COVID-19. Cross-sectional analysis of clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 that were registered in the USA or in countries contributing to the WHO's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Relevant trial entries of drugs or plasma were downloaded on 26 March 2020, deduplicated, verified with reviews of major medical journals and WHO websites and independently analysed by two reviewers. Trial intervention, sponsorship, critical design elements and specified outcomes RESULTS: Overall, 201 clinical trials were registered for testing the therapeutic benefits of 92 drugs or plasma, including 64 in monotherapy and 28 different combinations. Only eight (8.7%) products or combinations involved new molecular entities. The other test therapies had a wide range of prior medical uses, including as antivirals, antimalarials, immunosuppressants and oncology treatments. In 152 trials (75.7%), patients were randomised to treatment or comparator, including 55 trials with some form of blinding and 97 open-label studies. The 49 (24.4%) of trials without a randomised design included 29 single armed studies and 20 trials with some comparison group. Most trial designs featured multiple endpoints. Clinical endpoints were identified in 134 (66.7%) of trials and included COVID-19 symptoms, death, recovery, required intensive care and hospital discharge. Clinical scales were being used in 33 (16.4%) trials, most often measures of oxygenation and critical illness. Surrogate endpoints or biomarkers were studied in 88 (42.3%) of trials, primarily assays of viral load. Although the trials were initiated in more than 17 countries or regions, 100 (49.8%) were registered in China and 78 (37.8%) in the USA. Registered trials increased rapidly, with the number of registered trials doubling from 1 March to 26 March 2020. While accelerating morbidity and mortality from the COVID-19 pandemic has been paralleled by early and rapid clinical investigation, many trials lack features to optimise their scientific value. Global coordination and increased funding of high-quality research may help to maximise scientific progress in rapidly discovering safe and effective treatments."}, {"pmid": 32328587, "pmcid": "PMC7176919", "title": "Reacquainting Cardiology With Mechanical Ventilation in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Gage, Ann", "Higgins, Andrew", "Lee, Ran", "Panhwar, Muhammad Siyab", "Kalra, Ankur"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328587", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339240, "pmcid": "PMC7197546", "title": "A Novel Use of Zip Lock Bags: Preserving A Sense of Humanity During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["McGarvey, Caoimhe G A", "Maher-Donnelly, Martina", "Walsh, Paul A", "Moriarty, John P", "Keane, Ruaidhri J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339240", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436891, "title": "COVID-19-Future of dentistry.", "journal": "Indian J Dent Res", "authors": ["Balaji, S M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436891", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406226, "title": "Living with a disability during the pandemic. \"Instant paper from the field\" on rehabilitation answers to the COVID-19 emergency.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Boldrini, Paolo", "Garcea, Marina", "Brichetto, Giampaolo", "Reale, Nicoletta", "Tonolo, Silvia", "Falabella, Vincenzo", "Fedeli, Francesca", "Cnops, Anne A", "Kiekens, Carlotte"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406226", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is creating collateral damage to persons with disabling conditions of different aetiology. The restrictions imposed to contain the spread of infection is limiting the access to many health services, including rehabilitation. It is expected that such situation will lead to long lasting negative consequences for persons with disability, increasing functional limitations in chronic conditions and hindering the recovery after acute events. The aim of this paper is to explore the impact on people with disability, reporting the contents of the sixth Italian Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (SIMFER) webinar on the COVID-19 impact on rehabilitation (\"Covinars\"). Seven representatives of Associations of persons affected by different disabling conditions described the difficulties they are facing during the pandemic, the initiatives undertaken to support their members and their future perspectives and expectations. The users' inputs will be helpful in planning the future phases of the emergency and improve preparedness for other emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32526625, "title": "Multimorbidity and SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK Biobank.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Chudasama, Yogini V", "Gillies, Clare L", "Appiah, Karen", "Zaccardi, Francesco", "Razieh, Cameron", "Davies, Melanie J", "Yates, Thomas", "Khunti, Kamlesh"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526625", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207255, "pmcid": "PMC7183834", "title": "Mediastinal Emphysema, Giant Bulla, and Pneumothorax Developed during the Course of COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Sun, Ruihong", "Liu, Hongyuan", "Wang, Xiang"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207255", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia is a recent outbreak in mainland China and has rapidly spread to multiple countries worldwide. Pulmonary parenchymal opacities are often observed during chest radiography. Currently, few cases have reported the complications of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. We report a case where serial follow-up chest computed tomography revealed progression of pulmonary lesions into confluent bilateral consolidation with lower lung predominance, thereby confirming COVID-19 pneumonia. Furthermore, complications such as mediastinal emphysema, giant bulla, and pneumothorax were also observed during the course of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32374903, "pmcid": "PMC7267315", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 viral spike G614 mutation exhibits higher case fatality rate.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Becerra-Flores, Manuel", "Cardozo, Timothy"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374903", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The major mutation detected to date in the SARS-CoV-2 viral envelope spike protein, which is responsible for virus attachment to the host and is also the main target for host antibodies, is a mutation of an aspartate (D) at position 614 found frequently in Chinese strains to a glycine (G). We sought to infer health impact of this mutation. Increased case fatality rate correlated strongly with the proportion of viruses bearing G614 on a country by country basis. The amino acid at position 614 occurs at an internal protein interface of the viral spike, and the presence of G at this position was calculated to destabilise a specific conformation of the viral spike, within which the key host receptor binding site is more accessible. These results imply that G614 is a more pathogenic strain of SARS-CoV-2, which may influence vaccine design. The prevalence of this form of the virus should also be included in epidemiologic models predicting the COVID-19 health burden and fatality over time in specific regions. Physicians should be aware of this characteristic of the virus to anticipate the clinical course of infection."}, {"pmid": 32328575, "pmcid": "PMC7177130", "title": "Age, frailty and diabetes - triple jeopardy for vulnerability to COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Sinclair, A J", "Abdelhafiz, A H"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328575", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32206694, "pmcid": "PMC7085496", "title": "Structural, glycosylation and antigenic variation between 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV).", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Kumar, Swatantra", "Maurya, Vimal K", "Prasad, Anil K", "Bhatt, Madan L B", "Saxena, Shailendra K"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32206694", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is of global concern and might have emerged from RNA recombination among existing coronaviruses. CoV spike (S) protein which is crucial for receptor binding, membrane fusion via conformational changes, internalization of the virus, host tissue tropism and comprises crucial targets for vaccine development, remain largely uncharacterized. Therefore, the present study has been planned to determine the sequence variation, structural and antigenic divergence of S glycoprotein which may be helpful for the management of 2019-nCoV infection. The sequences of spike glycoprotein of 2019-nCoV and SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were used for the comparison. The sequence variations were determined using EMBOSS Needle pairwise sequence alignment tools. The variation in glycosylation sites was predicted by NetNGlyc 1.0 and validated by N-GlyDE server. Antigenicity was predicted by NetCTL 1.2 and validated by IEDB Analysis Resource server. The structural divergence was determined by using SuperPose Version 1.0 based on cryo-EM structure of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein. Our data suggests that 2019-nCoV is newly spilled coronavirus into humans in China is closely related to SARS-CoV, which has only 12.8% of difference with SARS-CoV in S protein and has 83.9% similarity in minimal receptor-binding domain with SARS-CoV. Addition of a novel glycosylation sites were observed in 2019-nCoV. In addition, antigenic analysis proposes that great antigenic differences exist between both the viral strains, but some of the epitopes were found to be similar between both the S proteins. In spite of the variation in S protein amino acid composition, we found no significant difference in their structures. Collectively, for the first time our results exhibit the emergence of human 2019-nCoV is closely related to predecessor SARS-CoV and provide the evidence that 2019-nCoV uses various novel glycosylation sites as SARS-CoV and may have a potential to become pandemic owing its antigenic discrepancy. Further, demonstration of novel Cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes may impart opportunities for the development of peptide based vaccine for the prevention of 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32406429, "pmcid": "PMC7219421", "title": "The paradox of COVID-19 and pediatric anesthesiology: opinion of the Pediatric Anesthesia Committee of the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology.", "journal": "Braz J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Neville, Mariana Fontes Lima", "Vanzillotta, Pedro Paulo", "Quintao, Vinicius Caldeira"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406429", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509940, "pmcid": "PMC7258812", "title": "Dataset of Vietnamese teachers' perspectives and perceived support during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Vu, Cam-Tu", "Hoang, Anh-Duc", "Than, Van-Quan", "Nguyen, Manh-Tuan", "Dinh, Viet-Hung", "Le, Quynh-Anh Thi", "Le, Thu-Trang Thi", "Pham, Hiep-Hung", "Nguyen, Yen-Chi"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509940", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented damage to the educational system worldwide. Besides the measurable economic impacts in the short-term and long-term, there is intangible destruction within educational institutions. In particular, teachers - the most critical intellectual resources of any schools - have to face various types of financial, physical, and mental struggles due to COVID-19. To capture the current context of more than one million Vietnamese teachers during COVID-19, we distributed an e-survey to more than 2,500 randomly selected teachers from two major teacher communities on Facebook from 6th to 11th April 2020. From over 373 responses, we excluded the observations which violated our cross-check questions and retained 294 observations for further analysis. This dataset includes: (i) Demographics of participants; (ii) Teachers' perspectives regarding the operation of teaching activities during the pandemic; (iii) Teachers' received support from their schools, government bodies, other stakeholders such as teacher unions, and parents' associations; and (iv) teachers' evaluation of school readiness toward digital transformation. Further, the dataset was supplemented with an additional question on the teachers' primary source of professional development activities during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32358952, "pmcid": "PMC7253109", "title": "COVID-19 and Fake News in the Dominican Republic.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Tapia, Leandro"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358952", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the Dominican Republic coincided with a period of political crisis. Distrust in governmental institutions shaped the critical phase of early response. Having a weak public health infrastructure and a lack of public trust, the Ministry of Health (MoH) began the fight against COVID-19 with a losing streak. Within 45 days of the first reported case, the political crisis and turmoil caused by \"fake news\" are limiting the capacity and success of the MoH response to the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32451579, "pmcid": "PMC7246291", "title": "The baby lung and the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Gattinoni, Luciano", "Meissner, Konrad", "Marini, John J"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451579", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427614, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 Triage Teams: Death by Numbers.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Zivot, Joel"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427614", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496602, "title": "Respiratory protection for health care workers: A 2020 COVID-19 perspective.", "journal": "Am J Ind Med", "authors": ["Petsonk, Edward L", "Harber, Philip"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496602", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the US health care system began to respond to the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, demand for respiratory personal protective equipment (PPE) increased precipitously, as did the number of users. This commentary discusses ensuing deviations from accepted respiratory PPE program practices, which potentially increased risk to health care workers. Such lapses included omitting user training and fit testing, provision of unapproved devices, and application of devices in settings and ways for which they were not intended. The temporary compromise of professionally accepted standards due to exigencies must not become the new normal. Rather, the current attention to PPE should be leveraged to enhance practice, motivate vital research, and strengthen professional, governmental, and institutional capabilities to control health care worker exposures to infectious hazards."}, {"pmid": 32444821, "title": "How lost lizards and Hurricane Irma are helping me get through coronavirus restrictions.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Herrmann, Nicholas"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444821", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419495, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Otolaryngology Residency: A Real-Life Experience.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["De Luca, Pietro", "Colacurcio, Vito", "De Bonis, Egidio", "Petrosino, Michele", "Bisogno, Antonella", "Troisi, Donato", "Calvanese, Matteo", "Marra, Pasquale"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419495", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic as been rapidly spreading worldwide. In our country, the entire Italian Healthcare System has been forced to adapt to this unprecedented condition in this century. The Head and Neck Department clinical and surgical activity was substantially reduced. In this situation, the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) residents in University Hospitals find themselves in an uncertain position; we are physicians, facing a deadly disease about which much remains unknown, but we are also trainees, and there is a high risk for our residency training to be affected. With this Letter, we would like to give a testimony of our experience and give some advices to bridge the training gap."}, {"pmid": 32528618, "pmcid": "PMC7266472", "title": "Mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic: more is still to be done.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Endomba, Francky Teddy", "Wouna, Dominic Leandry Angong", "Danwang, Celestin"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528618", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431289, "pmcid": "PMC7238743", "title": "Mortality impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak by sex and age: rapid mortality surveillance system, Italy, 1 February to 18 April 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Michelozzi, Paola", "de'Donato, Francesca", "Scortichini, Matteo", "De Sario, Manuela", "Noccioli, Fiammetta", "Rossi, Pasqualino", "Davoli, Marina"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431289", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data from the rapid mortality surveillance system in 19 major Italian cities were used to carry out a timely assessment of the health impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. By 18 April, a +\u202f45% excess in mortality was observed, with a higher impact in the north of the country (+\u202f76%). The excess was greatest among men, with an increasing trend by age. Surveillance data can be used to evaluate the lockdown and re-opening phases."}, {"pmid": 32085843, "pmcid": "PMC7128970", "title": "Mental health services for older adults in China during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Yang, Yuan", "Li, Wen", "Zhang, Qinge", "Zhang, Ling", "Cheung, Teris", "Xiang, Yu-Tao"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32085843", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32079750, "title": "Coronavirus epidemic snarls science worldwide.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Service, Robert F"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32079750", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359088, "pmcid": "PMC7267235", "title": "RAAS blockers in hypertension posing a higher risk towards the COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Singh, Yogendra", "Gupta, Gaurav", "Satija, Saurabh", "Negi, Poonam", "Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar", "Dua, Kamal"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359088", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527898, "title": "Owner concerns that pets have Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Watson, Katharine M", "Zhang, Yijia", "Towns, Kristine", "Kahe, Ka"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527898", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368737, "pmcid": "PMC7193140", "title": "Preventing COVID-19-induced pneumonia with anticytokine therapy.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Monteleone, Giovanni", "Sarzi-Puttini, Pier Carlo", "Ardizzone, Sandro"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368737", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360446, "title": "COVID-19: don't neglect antimicrobial stewardship principles!", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Huttner, B D", "Catho, G", "Pano-Pardo, J R", "Pulcini, C", "Schouten, J"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360446", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492195, "title": "Functional prediction and frequency of coding variants in human ACE2 at binding sites with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on different populations.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cruz, Juliana de O", "Conceicao, Izabela M C A", "Sousa, Sandra Mara B", "Luizon, Marcelo R"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492195", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hussain et al.1 identified 17 natural coding variants for human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that were found at important positions for binding of ACE2 with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein1 . They suggested that positive prognosis of COVID-19 may be due to the existence of ACE2 variants like rs73635825 and rs143936283 in some individuals, and to screen frequencies of candidate alleles in different populations to predict the prognosis of COVID-191 . We contributed with further data for these 17 ACE2 variants using other function prediction tools. Moreover, we searched for the minor allele frequency (MAF) for these ACE2 variants as reported in different populations and debated regarding their use in population genetic studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32291351, "pmcid": "PMC7159901", "title": "Repurposing Didanosine as a Potential Treatment for COVID-19 Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data.", "journal": "mSystems", "authors": ["Alakwaa, Fadhl M"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291351", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of today (7 April 2020), more than 81,000 people around the world have died from the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is no approved drug or vaccine for COVID-19, although more than 10 clinical trials have been launched to test potential drugs. In an urgent response to this pandemic, I developed a bioinformatics pipeline to identify compounds and drug candidates to potentially treat COVID-19. This pipeline is based on publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and the drug perturbation database \"Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures\" (LINCS). I developed a ranking score system that prioritizes these drugs or small molecules. The four drugs with the highest total score are didanosine, benzyl-quinazolin-4-yl-amine, camptothecin, and RO-90-7501. In conclusion, I have demonstrated the utility of bioinformatics for identifying drugs than can be repurposed for potentially treating COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32340678, "pmcid": "PMC7195132", "title": "Pathology of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia: A Dynamic Disease Process.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Tian, Sufang", "Xiao, Shu-Yuan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340678", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398211, "title": "Critical changes to services for TB patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis", "authors": ["Cox, V", "Wilkinson, L", "Grimsrud, A", "Hughes, J", "Reuter, A", "Conradie, F", "Nel, J", "Boyles, T"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398211", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342867, "pmcid": "PMC7169895", "title": "Breakthrough of COVID-19 using radiotherapy treatment modalities.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Venkatraman, P", "Sahay, J Joshua", "Maidili, T", "Rajan, Rajisha", "Pooja, S"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342867", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370758, "pmcid": "PMC7200052", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase as target for antiviral therapy.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Buonaguro, Luigi", "Tagliamonte, Maria", "Tornesello, Maria Lina", "Buonaguro, Franco M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370758", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new human coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 was identified in several cases of acute respiratory syndrome in Wuhan, China in December 2019. On March 11 2020, WHO declared the SARS-CoV-2 infection to be a pandemic, based on the involvement of 169 nations. Specific drugs for SARS-CoV-2 are obviously not available. Currently, drugs originally developed for other viruses or parasites are currently in clinical trials based on empiric data. In the quest of an effective antiviral drug, the most specific target for an RNA virus is the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) which shows significant differences between positive-sense and negative-sense RNA viruses. An accurate evaluation of RdRps from different viruses may guide the development of new drugs or the repositioning of already approved antiviral drugs as treatment of SARS-CoV-2. This can accelerate the containment of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and, hopefully, of future pandemics due to other emerging zoonotic RNA viruses."}, {"pmid": 32415678, "title": "Early clinical response to a high consequence infectious disease outbreak: insights from COVID-19.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Rojek, Amanda M", "Dutch, Martin", "Camilleri, David", "Gardiner, Emma", "Smith, Emma", "Marshall, Caroline", "Buising, Kirsty L", "Walsham, Nicola", "Putland, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415678", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32109011, "pmcid": "PMC7121221", "title": "Covid-19 - Navigating the Uncharted.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Fauci, Anthony S", "Lane, H Clifford", "Redfield, Robert R"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32109011", "topics": ["Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301803, "pmcid": "PMC7188057", "title": "Lung Transplantation for elderly patients with end-stage COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Han, Weili", "Zhu, Manhua", "Chen, Jun", "Zhang, Jing", "Zhu, Shengmei", "Li, Tong", "Cai, Hongliu", "Fang, Qiang", "Wei, Guoqing", "Liang, Tingbo"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301803", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362299, "pmcid": "PMC7248582", "title": "Safe and informed prescribing of psychotropic medication during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Luykx, Jurjen J", "van Veen, Sisco M P", "Risselada, Arne", "Naarding, Paul", "Tijdink, Joeri K", "Vinkers, Christiaan H"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362299", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Treatment with psychotropic medication may sometimes be jeopardised because of the COVID-19 pandemic. One underlying reason is the lack of COVID-19-specific psychopharmacology guidelines. Here, we discuss five considerations arising from our clinical experience and pharmacological background knowledge to enable safe and well-informed psychopharmacotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32308940, "pmcid": "PMC7149809", "title": "Predicting the mortality due to Covid-19 by the next month for Italy, Iran and South Korea; a simulation study.", "journal": "Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench", "authors": ["Shojaee, Sajad", "Pourhoseingholi, Mohamad Amin", "Ashtari, Sara", "Vahedian-Azimi, Amir", "Asadzadeh-Aghdaei, Hamid", "Zali, Mohammad Reza"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308940", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To estimate the number of confirmed cases and the rate of death and also to investigate the cause of death in Italy, Iran and South Korea in the next month. Growing number of confirmed and deaths cases from the coronavirus worldwide, particularly in Italy, Iran and South Korea, has resulted concerns about the future of these countries and their deterioration. Also the European region is likely to face more casualties due to the delay in the virus reaching most of its regions and, of course, as the trend continues. We conducted a simulation in both current and ideal situation for the next month to predict the death rate and examine the reason for the difference in Italy, Iran and South Korea individually. If we assume the cultural and political factors and age pyramids distribution are similar across regions, the differences are mainly due either to the heavier health-care burden owing to the larger population or to the medical facilities diversities. Our results for Italy showed higher death number, but the rate would be more for Iran. South Korea is also expected to have a smaller increase in the number of confirmed cases and deaths compared to Iran and Italy by the next month. Given the prevailing conditions around the world and the increasing number of casualties, it is essential that all countries, especially those with fewer days of involvement, shall do their best to avoid major losses and damages."}, {"pmid": 32530862, "title": "Intersecting Pandemics: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Protective Behaviors on People Living with HIV, Atlanta, Georgia.", "journal": "J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr", "authors": ["Kalichman, Seth C", "Eaton, Lisa A", "Berman, Marcie", "Kalichman, Moira O", "Katner, Harold", "Sam, Soya S", "Caliendo, Angela M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530862", "countries": ["United States", "Georgia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 and its social responses threaten the health of people living with HIV. We conducted a rapid-response interview to assess COVID-19 protective behaviors of people living with HIV and the impact of their responses on HIV related healthcare. Men and women living with HIV (N = 162) ages 20 to 37 participating in a longitudinal study of HIV treatment and care completed routine study measures and an assessment of COVID-19-related experiences. At baseline, a majority of participants demonstrated HIV viremia, markers indicative of renal disorders, and biologically confirmed substance use. At follow-up, in the first month of responding to COVID-19, engaging in more social distancing behaviors was related to difficulty accessing food and medications, and increased cancelation of healthcare appointments, both by self and providers. We observed ART adherence had improved during the initial month of COVID-19 response. Factors that may pose added risk for COVID-19 severity were prevalent among people living with HIV and those with greater risk factors did not practice more COVID-19 protective behaviors. Social distancing and other practices intended to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 interfered with HIV care, and impeded access to food and medications, although an immediate adverse impact on medication adherence was not evident. These results suggest social responses to COVID-19 adversely impacted the healthcare of people living with HIV, supporting continued monitoring to determine the long-term effects of co-occurring HIV and COVID-19 pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32062957, "title": "[Clinical characteristics of 30 medical workers infected with new coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, M", "He, P", "Liu, H G", "Wang, X J", "Li, F J", "Chen, S", "Lin, J", "Chen, P", "Liu, J H", "Li, C H"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32062957", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of medical staff with novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP). Methods: 30 patients infected with novel coronavirus referred to jianghan university hospital between January 11, 2020 and January 3, 2020 were studied. The data reviewed included those of clinical manifestations, laboratory investigation and Radiographic features. Results: The patients consisted of 10 men and 20 women, including 22 doctors and 8 nurses,aged 21~59 years(mean 35\u00b18 years).They were divided to 26 common type and 4 severe cases, all of whom had close(within 1m) contact with patients infected of novel coronavirus pneumonia. The average contact times were 12 (7,16) and the average cumulative contact time was 2 (1.5,2.7) h.Clinical symptoms of these patients were fever in 23 patients (76.67%) , headache in 16 petients (53.33%) , fatigue or myalgia in 21patients (70%) , nausea, vomiting or diarrhea in 9 petients (30%) , cough in 25 petients (83.33%) , and dyspnea in 14 petients (46.67%) .Routine blood test revealed WBC <4.0\u00d710(9)/L in 8 petients (26.67%) , (4-10) \u00d710(9)/L in 22 petients (73.33%) , and WBC>4.0\u00d710(9)/L in 4 petients (13.33%) during the disease.Lymphocyte count <1.0\u00d710(9)/L occurred in 12 petients (40%),abnormal liver function in 7 petients (23.33%) ,myocardial damage in 5 petients(16.67%), elevated D-dimer (>0.5mg/l) in 5 patients (16.67%). Compared with normal patients, the average exposure times, cumulative exposure time, BMI, Fever time, white blood cell count, liver enzyme, LDH, myoenzyme and D-dimer were significantly increased in severe patients, while the lymphocyte count and albumin levels in peripheral blood were significantly decreased.Chest CT mainly showed patchy shadows and interstitial changes.According to imaging examination, 11 patients (36.67%) showed Unilateral pneumonia and 19 patients (63.33%) showed bilateral pneumonia,4 patients (13.33%) showed bilateral multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity.Compared with the patients infected in the protected period, the proportion of severe infection and bilateral pneumonia were both increased in the patients infected in unprotected period. Conclusion: Medical staffs are at higher risk of infection.Infection rates are associated with contact time, the amount of suction virus. Severe patients had BMI increased, heating time prolonged , white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, D-dimer and albumin level significantly changed and were prone to be complicated with liver damage and myocardial damage.Strict protection measures is important to prevent infection for medical workers."}, {"pmid": 32530454, "title": "Convalescent Plasma and COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Malani, Anurag N", "Sherbeck, John P", "Malani, Preeti N"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530454", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526624, "title": "A novel peer-to-peer contact tracking application for COVID-19 and future pandemics.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Brown, Nolan J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526624", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382154, "title": "Modeling shield immunity to reduce COVID-19 epidemic spread.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Weitz, Joshua S", "Beckett, Stephen J", "Coenen, Ashley R", "Demory, David", "Dominguez-Mirazo, Marian", "Dushoff, Jonathan", "Leung, Chung-Yin", "Li, Guanlin", "Magalie, Andreea", "Park, Sang Woo", "Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Rogelio", "Shivam, Shashwat", "Zhao, Conan Y"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382154", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated a global crisis, with more than 1,430,000 confirmed cases and more than 85,000 confirmed deaths globally as of 9 April 20201-4. Mitigation and suppression of new infections have emerged as the two predominant public health control strategies5. Both strategies focus on reducing new infections by limiting human-to-human interactions, which could be both socially and economically unsustainable in the long term. We have developed and analyzed an epidemiological intervention model that leverages serological tests6,7 to identify and deploy recovered individuals8 as focal points for sustaining safer interactions via interaction substitution, developing what we term 'shield immunity' at the population scale. The objective of a shield immunity strategy is to help to sustain the interactions necessary for the functioning of essential goods and services9 while reducing the probability of transmission. Our shield immunity approach could substantively reduce the length and reduce the overall burden of the current outbreak, and can work synergistically with social distancing. The present model highlights the value of serological testing as part of intervention strategies, in addition to its well-recognized roles in estimating prevalence10,11 and in the potential development of plasma-based therapies12-15."}, {"pmid": 32392288, "title": "Characteristics and Outcomes of Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Admitted to US and Canadian Pediatric Intensive Care Units.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Shekerdemian, Lara S", "Mahmood, Nabihah R", "Wolfe, Katie K", "Riggs, Becky J", "Ross, Catherine E", "McKiernan, Christine A", "Heidemann, Sabrina M", "Kleinman, Lawrence C", "Sen, Anita I", "Hall, Mark W", "Priestley, Margaret A", "McGuire, John K", "Boukas, Konstantinos", "Sharron, Matthew P", "Burns, Jeffrey P"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392288", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent and ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken an unprecedented toll on adults critically ill with COVID-19 infection. While there is evidence that the burden of COVID-19 infection in hospitalized children is lesser than in their adult counterparts, to date, there are only limited reports describing COVID-19 in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). To provide an early description and characterization of COVID-19 infection in North American PICUs, focusing on mode of presentation, presence of comorbidities, severity of disease, therapeutic interventions, clinical trajectory, and early outcomes. This cross-sectional study included children positive for COVID-19 admitted to 46 North American PICUs between March 14 and April 3, 2020. with follow-up to April 10, 2020. Prehospital characteristics, clinical trajectory, and hospital outcomes of children admitted to PICUs with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Of the 48 children with COVID-19 admitted to participating PICUs, 25 (52%) were male, and the median (range) age was 13 (4.2-16.6) years. Forty patients (83%) had significant preexisting comorbidities; 35 (73%) presented with respiratory symptoms and 18 (38%) required invasive ventilation. Eleven patients (23%) had failure of 2 or more organ systems. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was required for 1 patient (2%). Targeted therapies were used in 28 patients (61%), with hydroxychloroquine being the most commonly used agent either alone (11 patients) or in combination (10 patients). At the completion of the follow-up period, 2 patients (4%) had died and 15 (31%) were still hospitalized, with 3 still requiring ventilatory support and 1 receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The median (range) PICU and hospital lengths of stay for those who had been discharged were 5 (3-9) days and 7 (4-13) days, respectively. This early report describes the burden of COVID-19 infection in North American PICUs and confirms that severe illness in children is significant but far less frequent than in adults. Prehospital comorbidities appear to be an important factor in children. These preliminary observations provide an important platform for larger and more extensive studies of children with COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32501362, "pmcid": "PMC7250108", "title": "Experimental and numerical study of potential infection risks from exposure to bioaerosols in one BSL-3 laboratory.", "journal": "Build Environ", "authors": ["Liu, Zhijian", "Zhuang, Wenbin", "Hu, Lingfei", "Rong, Rui", "Li, Jinsong", "Ding, Wenjun", "Li, Na"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501362", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs) are defined as infections of laboratory staff by exposure to pathogenic microorganisms during an experimental procedure. For a biosafety level-3 (BSL-3) laboratory with a high potential of exposure, reducing risks and threats relevant to LAIs has become a critical concern, especially after the recent outbreak of Novel Coronavirus causing COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. This study aimed to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of bioaerosol dispersion and deposition of two kinds of bioaerosols (Serratia marcescens and phage \u03a6X174). A combination of laboratory experiment and numerical simulation was adopted to explore bioaerosol removal. Three-dimensional concentration iso-surface mapping in conjunction with flow field analysis was employed to elucidate bioaerosol migration and deposition behavior. The total deposition number and unit area deposition ratio were calculated for different surfaces. The results indicate that bioaerosol concentration remains stable for up to 400\u00a0s after release, and that almost 70% of all bioaerosol particles become deposited on the surfaces of walls and equipment. Vortex flow regions and high-concentration regions were determined, and the most severely contaminated surfaces and locations were identified. Our results could provide the scientific basis for controlling the time interval between different experiments and also provide guidelines for a laboratory disinfection routine. Furthermore, future work regarding laboratory layout optimization and high efficiency air distribution for bioaerosol removal in a BSL-3 laboratory should be emphasized."}, {"pmid": 32366290, "pmcid": "PMC7197031", "title": "Mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapy for COVID-19.", "journal": "Stem Cell Res Ther", "authors": ["Liu, Shan", "Peng, Danyi", "Qiu, Huijun", "Yang, Ke", "Fu, Zhou", "Zou, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366290", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) worldwide is becoming rapidly a major concern. The number of severe cases has increased dramatically worldwide, while specific treatment options are scarce. The main pathologic features of severe or critical COVID-19 were consistent with acute lung injure (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by cellular fibromyxoid exudates, extensive pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary edema, and hyaline membrane formation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can balance the inflammatory response and has been mentioned to be effective on ALI/ARDS from both infectious and noninfectious causes previously, presenting an important opportunity to be applied to COVID-19. In this commentary, we summarize the clinical trials of MSCs treatments on ALI/ARDS and raise MSCs as a hopefully alternative therapy for severe or critical COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32519281, "title": "Does Adding of Hydroxychloroquine to the Standard Care Provide any Benefit in Reducing the Mortality among COVID-19 Patients?: a Systematic Review.", "journal": "J Neuroimmune Pharmacol", "authors": ["Patel, Tejas K", "Barvaliya, Manish", "Kevadiya, Bhavesh D", "Patel, Parvati B", "Bhalla, Hira Lal"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519281", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine has been promoted for its use in treatment of COVID-19 patients based on in-vitro evidences. We searched the databases to include randomized and observational studies evaluating the effect of Hydroxychloroquine on mortality in COVID-19 patients. The outcome was summarized as odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).We used the inverse-variance method with a random effect model and assessed the heterogeneity using I2 test. We used ROBINS-I tool to assess methodological quality of the included studies. We performed the meta-analysis using 'Review manager software version 5.3'. We identified 6 observationalstudies satisfying the selection criteria. In all studies, Hydroxychloroquine was given as add on to the standard care and effect was compared with the standard care alone. A pooled analysis observed 251 deaths in 1331 participants of the Hydroxychloroquine arm and 363 deaths in 1577 participants of the control arm. There was no difference in odds of mortality events amongst Hydroxychloroquine and supportive care arm [1.25 (95% CI: 0.65, 2.38); I2\u00a0=\u200980%]. A similar trend was observed with moderate risk of bias studies [0.95 (95% CI: 0.44, 2.06); I2\u00a0=\u200985%]. The odds of mortality were significantly higher in patients treated with Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin than supportive care alone [2.34 (95% CI: 1.63, 3.34); I2\u00a0=\u20090%]. A pooled analysis of recently published studies suggests no additional benefit for reducing mortality in COVID-19 patients when Hydroxychloroquine is given as add-on to the standard care. Graphical Abstract."}, {"pmid": 32442455, "pmcid": "PMC7236702", "title": "Comparing hospitalised, community and staff COVID-19 infection rates during the early phase of the evolving COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Tang, Julian W", "Young, Sarah", "May, Shoshanna", "Bird, Paul", "Bron, Jan", "Mohamedanif, Tarannum", "Bradley, Carina", "Patel, Daxa", "Holmes, Christopher W", "Kwok, Kin On"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442455", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32083831, "title": "The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak: think the unthinkable and be prepared to face the challenge.", "journal": "Diagnosis (Berl)", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083831", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407440, "pmcid": "PMC7226282", "title": "Asymptomatic Seroconversion of Immunoglobulins to SARS-CoV-2 in a Pediatric Dialysis Unit.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Hains, David S", "Schwaderer, Andrew L", "Carroll, Aaron E", "Starr, Michelle C", "Wilson, Amy C", "Amanat, Fatima", "Krammer, Florian"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407440", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403008, "pmcid": "PMC7192118", "title": "A RT-PCR assay for the detection of coronaviruses from four genera.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Xiu, Leshan", "Binder, Raquel A", "Alarja, Natalie A", "Kochek, Kara", "Coleman, Kristen K", "Than, Son T", "Bailey, Emily S", "Bui, Vuong N", "Toh, Teck-Hock", "Erdman, Dean D", "Gray, Gregory C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403008", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the past two decades, three novel coronaviruses (CoVs) have emerged to cause international human epidemics with severe morbidity. CoVs have also emerged to cause severe epidemics in animals. A better understanding of the natural hosts and genetic diversity of CoVs are needed to help mitigate these threats. To design and evaluate a molecular diagnostic tool for detection and identification of all currently recognized and potentially future emergent CoVs from the Orthocoronavirinae subfamily. We designed a semi-nested, reverse transcription RT-PCR assay based upon 38 published genome sequences of human and animal CoVs. We evaluated this assay with 14 human and animal CoVs and 11 other non-CoV respiratory viruses. Through sequencing the assay's target amplicon, the assay correctly identified each of the CoVs; no cross-reactivity with 11 common respiratory viruses was observed. The limits of detection ranged from 4 to 4\u202f\u00d7\u202f102 copies/reaction, depending on the CoV species tested. To assess the assay's clinical performance, we tested a large panel of previously studied specimens: 192 human respiratory specimens from pneumonia patients, 5 clinical specimens from COVID-19 patients, 81 poultry oral secretion specimens, 109 pig slurry specimens, and 31 aerosol samples from a live bird market. The amplicons of all RT-PCR-positive samples were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Our assay performed well with all tested specimens across all sample types. This assay can be used for detection and identification of all previously recognized CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, and potentially any emergent CoVs in the Orthocoronavirinae subfamily."}, {"pmid": 32424480, "pmcid": "PMC7232610", "title": "Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of the lung reveals multiple areas of microthrombi in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Tee, Alice", "Wong, Adrian", "Yusuf, Gibran Timothy", "Rao, Deepak", "Sidhu, Paul S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424480", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514302, "pmcid": "PMC7257210", "title": "Mental health and psychosocial well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: the invisible elephant in the room.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Syst", "authors": ["Otu, Akaninyene", "Charles, Carlo Handy", "Yaya, Sanni"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514302", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has emerged as a truly formidable threat to humankind's existence. In the wake of the massively volatile global situation created by COVID-19, it is vital to recognize that the trauma it causes can affect people in different ways, at the individual and collective levels, resulting in mental health challenges for many. Although mental\u00a0health problems account for about one-third of the world's disability among adults, these issues tend to be under-addressed and overlooked in society and are closely associated with deadly disease outbreaks. In large scale outbreaks, the mental health problems experienced are not limited to infected persons but also extend to involve frontline health workers and community members alike. While it is crucial to limit the spread of infections during an outbreak, previous experience suggests that mental and behavioural health interventions should be fully included in public health response strategies."}, {"pmid": 32353808, "pmcid": "PMC7174192", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection control measures for the anesthesiology department: experience from the Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, China.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Xie, Min", "Huang, Jian Xin", "Chen, Pan Pan", "Wei, Xin Chuan", "Li, Xiang Kui", "Zhang, Ping", "Yang, Li Na", "Zhou, Qin"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353808", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32072300, "pmcid": "PMC7079935", "title": "How to face the novel coronavirus infection during the 2019-2020 epidemic: the experience of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Pan, Lingai", "Wang, Li", "Huang, Xiaobo"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32072300", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520234, "title": "Learning from the Italian experience in coping with COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Carvalho, Anna Cristina Calcada", "Kritski, Afranio"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520234", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, the rapid increase in COVID-19 cases overburdened the Italian health system, with the country becoming the pandemic's epicenter. We present a narrative review based on manuscripts, official documents, and newspaper articles regarding COVID-19 in Italy. Characteristics of the epidemic, possible causes for its worsening, and the measures adopted across Italian regions are presented. In the early stages of an epidemic, effective decision-making is essential to contain the number of cases. Medical support for patients and social isolation measures are the most appropriate strategies currently available to reduce the spread and lethality of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32523927, "pmcid": "PMC7279913", "title": "COVID-19 Presenting as Acute Limb Ischaemia.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Kaur, Parminder", "Posimreddy, Sahitya", "Singh, Balraj", "Qaqa, Firas", "Habib, Habib A", "Maroules, Michael", "Shamoon, Fayez"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523927", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic that developed in late 2019 and early 2020 has caused thousands of deaths and has had an enormous impact on our health systems and economies. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications include disseminated coagulation and thrombosis, but, to the best of our knowledge, the literature to date on these manifestations has been limited. Herein, we report an unusual presentation in a 43-year-old man with a medical history of diabetes and hypertension who presented with dyspnoea and acute pain in his right leg and was found to have acute limb ischaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis. Our case adds to the literature regarding arterial thrombosis in COVID-19. Arterial thrombosis in the form of acute limb ischaemia can occur in COVID-19.A high index of suspicion should be maintained for acute limb ischaemia, which is a vascular emergency."}, {"pmid": 32395245, "pmcid": "PMC7193539", "title": "Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling should be considered as a treatment option for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Ramalingam, Sandeep", "Graham, Catriona", "Dove, Jenny", "Morrice, Lynn", "Sheikh, Aziz"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395245", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442941, "title": "[Hydroxychloroquine. Cardiology's viewpoint in times of coronavirus pandemic].", "journal": "Medicina (B Aires)", "authors": ["Zaidel, Ezequiel J", "Wyss Quintana, Fernando S", "Sosa Liprandi, Alvaro", "Mendoza, Ivan", "Marquez, Manlio F", "Nunez, Elaine", "Barbosa, Marcia", "Baranchuk, Adrian"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442941", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a wide number of compounds are under scrutiny regarding their antiviral activity, one of them being hydroxychloroquine. Cardiac aspects of the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are reviewed in this manuscript. A non-systematic review of the medical literature was performed. Information about their safety and efficacy as antimalarials, antivirals, as well as in the long-term treatment of rheumatic diseases was collected. We found an anti-inflammatory effect with reduction of longterm cardiovascular events, a very infrequent heart disease due to a lysosomal effect of the drug, and at the hemodynamic level hypotension, tachycardia, and QT interval prolongation, exacerbated when combined with azithromycin. However, the rate of adverse cardiac events of hydroxychloroquine (and chloroquine) was low."}, {"pmid": 32386442, "pmcid": "PMC7272981", "title": "Localized mid-face miliaria as a consequence of filtering face piece respirator use during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Campbell, V", "Middleton, D", "Donnelly, J", "Hunter, H"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424565, "pmcid": "PMC7233672", "title": "Performing Gamma Knife radiosurgery safely during the COVID-19 pandemic: preliminary results from a single center in the Lombardy region in Italy.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Franzini, Andrea", "Attuati, Luca", "Fornari, Maurizio", "Servadei, Franco", "Navarria, Pierina", "Picozzi, Piero"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424565", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301349, "title": "Cost-effectiveness of rivaroxaban plus aspirin (dual pathway inhibition) for prevention of ischaemic events in patients with cardiovascular disease: on top optimisation of secondary prevention medication in the context of COVID-19 pandemia.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Rauch, Bernhard"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301349", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399260, "pmcid": "PMC7204931", "title": "Covid-19 and mobile phone hygiene in healthcare settings.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Panigrahi, Sunil Kumar", "Pathak, Vineet Kumar", "Kumar, M Mohan", "Raj, Utsav", "Priya P, Karpaga"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399260", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277732, "pmcid": "PMC7262246", "title": "A Primary Care Response to COVID-19 for Patients with an Opioid Use Disorder.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Wilson, Courtenay Gilmore", "Ramage, Melinda", "Fagan, E Blake"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277732", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377567, "pmcid": "PMC7193607", "title": "IUFoST/CIFST hold an Extraordinary Scientific Roundtable on COVID-19 and Food Safety.", "journal": "NPJ Sci Food", "authors": ["Moy, Gerald G"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377567", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394099, "pmcid": "PMC7211912", "title": "Low-dose radiotherapy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.", "journal": "Strahlenther Onkol", "authors": ["Chakrabarti, Deep", "Verma, Mranalini"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394099", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32210377, "title": "Five tips for moving teaching online as COVID-19 takes hold.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Gewin, Virginia"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210377", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376072, "pmcid": "PMC7158807", "title": "Beware: Gastrointestinal symptoms can be a manifestation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Gastroenterol Mex", "authors": ["Schmulson, M", "Davalos, M F", "Berumen, J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376072", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an increasing number of reports on the presentation of gastrointestinal symptoms in cases of COVID-19. To review the studies reporting gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19. Fifteen articles (2,800 patients) were identified. Gastrointestinal symptom frequency varied from 3.0% to 39.6% and included diarrhea (7.5%), n\u00e1usea (4.5%), anorexia (4.4%), vomiting (1.3%), abdominal pain (0.5%), and belching/reflux (0.3%). Those symptoms can be the first manifestation of COVID-19, but whether they reflect a better or worse prognosis, is controversial. The potential relation of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor in the digestive tract as an entry route for the virus is discussed. Gastrointestinal symptoms may be common in COVID-19, in some cases appearing as the first manifestation, even before fever and respiratory symptoms. Therefore, clinicians and gastroenterologists must be aware of those atypical cases during the current pandemic, as well as of the fecal-oral route and corresponding preventive measures."}, {"pmid": 32408453, "pmcid": "PMC7142681", "title": "Effects of temperature variation and humidity on the death of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ma, Yueling", "Zhao, Yadong", "Liu, Jiangtao", "He, Xiaotao", "Wang, Bo", "Fu, Shihua", "Yan, Jun", "Niu, Jingping", "Zhou, Ji", "Luo, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408453", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Meteorological parameters are the important factors influencing the infectious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and influenza. This study aims to explore the association between Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths and weather parameters. In this study, we collected the daily death numbers of COVID-19, meteorological parameters and air pollutant data from 20 January 2020 to 29 February 2020 in Wuhan, China. Generalized additive model was applied to explore the effect of temperature, humidity and diurnal temperature range on the daily death counts of COVID-19. There were 2299 COVID-19 death counts in Wuhan during the study period. A positive association with COVID-19 daily death counts was observed for diurnal temperature range (r\u00a0=\u00a00.44), but negative association for relative humidity (r\u00a0=\u00a0-0.32). In addition, one unit increase in diurnal temperature range was only associated with a 2.92% (95% CI: 0.61%, 5.28%) increase in COVID-19 deaths in lag 3. However, both 1 unit increase of temperature and absolute humidity were related to the decreased COVID-19 death in lag 3 and lag 5, with the greatest decrease both in lag 3 [-7.50% (95% CI: -10.99%, -3.88%) and -11.41% (95% CI: -19.68%, -2.29%)]. In summary, this study suggests the temperature variation and humidity may also be important factors affecting the COVID-19 mortality."}, {"pmid": 32531705, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and the need for objective criteria for ICU admissions.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kumar, Abhyuday", "Kumar, Neeraj", "Kumar, Amarjeet", "Kumar, Ajeet"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531705", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447172, "pmcid": "PMC7206446", "title": "Overdose and risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Drug Alcohol Depend", "authors": ["Slaunwhite, Amanda Kathleen", "Gan, Wen Qi", "Xavier, Chloe", "Zhao, Bin", "Buxton, Jane A", "Desai, Roshni"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447172", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There have been significant efforts to respond to the two public health emergencies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and overdose in British Columbia (BC), Canada. The purpose of this study was to quantify the prevalence of known risk factors associated with mortality due to COVID-19 for persons who have had a non-fatal overdose during 2015-2017 in comparison to persons who have not had an overdose. Data were extracted from the BC Provincial Overdose Cohort which includes a 20 % random sample of BC residents and persons who have had a non-fatal overdose in BC from January 2015 to December 2017. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to compare risk factors by overdose history. Persons who had a non-fatal overdose were significantly more likely to have three (chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes, coronary heart disease) of the four known chronic conditions associated with the development of severe illness due to COVID-19 compared to persons who did not have a previous non-fatal overdose event. Persons who had an overdose were more likely to have several chronic conditions associated with the development of severe illness due to COVID-19. The increased likelihood of having these risk factors is reflective of the social and health inequities experienced by persons who have a history of overdose."}, {"pmid": 32493004, "title": "Principles for Managing Patients with Spinal Ailments in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era: What Do We Know So Far? An Evidence-Based, Narrative Review.", "journal": "Asian Spine J", "authors": ["Viswanathan, Vibhu Krishnan", "Subramanian, Surabhi", "Rao, Arthi K"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected all specialty practices in medicine, including the field of spinal surgery. Spinal surgery is unique in that the procedures include not only fully elective and fully emergent interventions, but also involve a separate group of semi-emergent surgeries, where delayed intervention may lead to permanent neurological deficits. Here, we present an evidence-based review on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on spinal surgery and our current knowledge about this issue. We conducted a thorough search of the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords, \"COVID-19,\" \"COVID-19 impact on spine surgery,\" \"coronavirus impact on spine surgery,\" \"COVID-19 impact on neurosurgery,\" \"coronavirus impact on neurosurgery,\" \"COVID-19 impact on spine surgeons,\" and \"coronavirus impact on spine surgeons\" on May 6, 2020. A total of 8,322 articles were identified in the initial search. Articles that were duplicated, those that did not pertain to COVID-19 or spine surgeries, those with details not pertaining to the current topic of interest, and those published in languages other than English were excluded from our analyses. After complete screening, six articles were included in this review. During the previous few weeks, the COVID pandemic has significantly influenced all major aspects of spine surgery across the world. Outpatient care has been gradually shifted from physical visits to tele-health and online consultations. General recommendations have favored the conservative approach over surgeries, although no patient should be deprived of standard care owing to concerns about COVID. The general principles followed by spine surgeons should include early detection of COVID symptomatology; triaging of patients based on underlying spinal pathology; prescription of appropriate investigations to confirm the COVID status; isolation, as needed; selection of optimal management method as per the guidelines; adherence to best intraoperative practices; and ensuring protective measures for non-infected patients, family members, fellow heath care providers, and themselves against the disease."}, {"pmid": 32320102, "pmcid": "PMC7235493", "title": "Hydatidiform mole in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. Is there an association?", "journal": "Am J Reprod Immunol", "authors": ["Abbas, Ahmed M", "Ahmed, Omar A", "Shaltout, Asmaa S"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320102", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is considered a worldwide pandemic. COVID-19 patients had profound immune dysregulation so they could be susceptible for adverse pregnancy outcomes as hydatidiform mole. In this article, we tried to explain the link between hydatidiform mole and COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32371473, "pmcid": "PMC7205520", "title": "Correction for Dietz et al., \"2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Built Environment Considerations To Reduce Transmission\".", "journal": "mSystems", "authors": ["Dietz, Leslie", "Horve, Patrick F", "Coil, David A", "Fretz, Mark", "Eisen, Jonathan A", "Wymelenberg, Kevin Van Den"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371473", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320083, "pmcid": "PMC7264583", "title": "Decontamination of face masks with steam for mask reuse in fighting the pandemic COVID-19: experimental supports.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ma, Qing-Xia", "Shan, Hu", "Zhang, Chuan-Mei", "Zhang, Hong-Liang", "Li, Gui-Mei", "Yang, Rui-Mei", "Chen, Ji-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has claimed many lives worldwide. Wearing medical masks or N95 masks (namely N95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk. Reuse of these masks can minimize waste, protect the environment, and help to solve the current imminent shortage of masks. Disinfection of used masks is needed for reuse of them with safety, but improper decontamination can damage the blocking structure of masks. In this study, we demonstrated, using avian coronavirus of infectious bronchitis virus to mimic SARS-CoV-2, that medical masks and N95 masks remained their blocking efficacy after being steamed on boiling water even for 2 hours. We also demonstrated that three brands of medical masks blocked over 99% viruses in aerosols. The avian coronavirus was completely inactivated after being steamed for 5 minutes. Together, this study suggested that medical masks are adequate for use on most social occasions, and both medical masks and N95 masks can be reused for a few days with steam decontamination between use. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32141569, "title": "COVID-19 (Novel Coronavirus 2019) - recent trends.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Kannan, S", "Shaik Syed Ali, P", "Sheeza, A", "Hemalatha, K"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32141569", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a warning that, although the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) from Wuhan City (China), is not pandemic, it should be contained to prevent the global spread. The COVID-19 virus was known earlier as 2019-nCoV. As of 12 February 2020, WHO reported 45,171 cases and 1115 deaths related to COVID-19. COVID-19 is similar to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) virus in its pathogenicity, clinical spectrum, and epidemiology. Comparison of the genome sequences of COVID-19, SARS-CoV, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) showed that COVID-19 has a better sequence identity with SARS-CoV compared to MERS CoV. However, the amino acid sequence of COVID-19 differs from other coronaviruses specifically in the regions of 1ab polyprotein and surface glycoprotein or S-protein. Although several animals have been speculated to be a reservoir for COVID-19, no animal reservoir has been already confirmed. COVID-19 causes COVID-19 disease that has similar symptoms as SARS-CoV. Studies suggest that the human receptor for COVID-19 may be angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor similar to that of SARS-CoV. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of COVID-19 has nearly 90% amino acid sequence identity with SARS-CoV. The N protein antibodies of SARS-CoV may cross react with COVID-19 but may not provide cross-immunity. In a similar fashion to SARS-CoV, the N protein of COVID-19 may play an important role in suppressing the RNA interference (RNAi) to overcome the host defense. This mini-review aims at investigating the most recent trend of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32324356, "title": "The coronavirus-induced COVID-19 pandemic. Previous experiences and scientific evidences at the end of March, 2020", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Varadi, Andras", "Ferenci, Tamas", "Falus, Andras"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324356", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic hit everyone, professionals and civilians alike. The possibility of a worldwide pandemic has long been theorized by epidemiologists, infectologists on the one hand, and sociologists and behavioral scientists dealing with communication and social habits on the other. Yet, faced with real-time events, daily infections and mortality statistics, almost everyone feels uninformed or disturbingly inexperienced. This summary aims to provide an overview of the latest scientific evidences. Of course, the incomplete material, compiled in late March 2020, will certainly contain a few elements that likely will be outdated in a few weeks. The authors hope that in the next publication we will all read much better and more hopeful prospects. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 644\u2013651."}, {"pmid": 32354669, "pmcid": "PMC7177150", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak and Cancer Radiotherapy Disruption in Lombardy, Northern Italy.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Jereczek-Fossa, B A", "Palazzi, M F", "Soatti, C P", "Cazzaniga, L F", "Ivaldi, G B", "Pepa, M", "Amadori, M", "Antognoni, P", "Arcangeli, S", "Buffoli, A", "Beltramo, G", "Berlinghieri, S", "Bignardi, M", "Bracelli, S", "Bruschieri, L", "Castiglioni, S", "Catalano, G", "Di Muzio, N", "Fallai, C", "Fariselli, L", "Filippi, A R", "Gramaglia, A", "Italia, C", "Lombardi, F", "Magrini, S M", "Nava, S", "Orlandi, E", "Pasinetti, N", "Sbicego, E L", "Scandolaro, L", "Scorsetti, M", "Stiglich, F", "Tonoli, S", "Tortini, R", "Valdagni, R", "Vavassori, V", "Marvaso, G"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354669", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496246, "title": "Impact of nonpharmacological interventions on COVID-19 transmission dynamics in India.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Patel, Purvi", "Athotra, Aditya", "Vaisakh, T P", "Dikid, Tanzin", "Jain, Sudhir Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496246", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of May 4, 2020, India has reported 42,836 confirmed cases and 1,389 deaths from COVID-19. India's multipronged response included nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) like intensive case-based surveillance, expanding testing capacity, social distancing, health promotion, and progressive travel restrictions leading to a complete halt of international and domestic movements (lockdown). We studied the impact of NPI on transmission dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic in India and estimated the minimum level of herd immunity required to halt it. We plotted time distribution, estimated basic (R0) and time-dependent effective (Rt) reproduction numbers using software R, and calculated doubling time, the growth rate for confirmed cases from January 30 to May 4, 2020. Herd immunity was estimated using the latest Rtvalue. Time distribution showed a propagated epidemic with subexponential growth. Average growth rate, 21% in the beginning, reduced to 6% after an extended lockdown (May 3). Based on early transmission dynamics, R0was 2.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] =1.79-3.07). Early, unmitigated Rt= 2.51 (95% CI = 2.05-3.14) (March 15) reduced to 1.28 (95% CI = 1.22-1.32) and was 1.83 (95% CI = 1.71-1.93) at the end of lockdown Phase 1 (April 14) and 2 (May 3), respectively. Similarly, average early doubling time (4.3 days) (standard deviation [SD] = 1.86) increased to 5.4 days (SD = 1.03) and 10.9 days (SD = 2.19). Estimated minimum 621 million recoveries are required to halt COVID-19 spread if Rtremains below 2. India's early response, especially stringent lockdown, has slowed COVID-19 epidemic. Increased testing, intensive case-based surveillance and containment efforts, modulated movement restrictions while protecting the vulnerable population, and continuous monitoring of transmission dynamics should be a way forward in the absence of effective treatment, vaccine, and undetermined postinfection immunity."}, {"pmid": 31991541, "pmcid": "PMC7077245", "title": "Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Gralinski, Lisa E", "Menachery, Vineet D"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31991541", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has awakened the echoes of SARS-CoV from nearly two decades ago. Yet, with technological advances and important lessons gained from previous outbreaks, perhaps the world is better equipped to deal with the most recent emergent group 2B coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32362270, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 13 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 26 April 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362270", "countries": ["Australia", "United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 26 April 2020: notifications = 6,711; deaths = 77. The reduction in international travel and domestic movement, social distancing measures and public health action have likely slowed the spread of COVID-19 in Australia. Notifications in Australia remain predominantly among people with recent overseas travel, with some locally-acquired cases being detected. Most locally-acquired cases can be linked back to a confirmed case, with a small portion unable to be epidemiologically linked to another case. The ratio of overseas-acquired cases to locally-acquired cases varies by jurisdiction. The crude case fatality rate (CFR) in Australia remains low (1.1%) compared to the World Health Organization's globally-reported rate (6.9%) and to other comparable high-income countries such as the United States of America (5.1%) and the United Kingdom (13.7%). The lower CFR in Australia is likely reflective of high case ascertainment including detection of mild cases. High case ascertainment and prompt identification of contacts enables an effective public health response and a reduction of disease transmission. Internationally, cases continue to increase. The rates of increase have started to slow in several regions, although it is too soon to tell whether this trend will be sustained. Interpretation of international epidemiology should be conducted with caution as it differs from country to country depending not only on the disease dynamics, but also on differences in case detection, testing and implemented public health measures."}, {"pmid": 32337546, "pmcid": "PMC7197570", "title": "Colchicine as a potent anti-inflammatory treatment in COVID-19: can we teach an old dog new tricks?", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Deftereos, Spyridon", "Giannopoulos, George", "Vrachatis, Dimitrios A", "Siasos, Gerasimos", "Giotaki, Sotiria G", "Cleman, Michael", "Dangas, George", "Stefanadis, Christodoulos"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337546", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497294, "title": "Surgical oncology at the time of COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Bogani, Giorgio", "Signorelli, Mauro", "Ditto, Antonino", "Raspagliesi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497294", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334088, "pmcid": "PMC7175862", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: What are our options? Where should we focus our attention on to find new drugs and strategies?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Magro, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334088", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311811, "pmcid": "PMC7264671", "title": "COVID-19 under the SARS Cloud: Mental Health Nursing during the Pandemic in Hong Kong.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Cheung, Teris", "Fong, Tommy K H", "Bressington, Daniel"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311811", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316065, "title": "Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: A Consensus Statement before Guidelines.", "journal": "Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Zhai, Zhenguo", "Li, Chenghong", "Chen, Yaolong", "Gerotziafas, Grigorios", "Zhang, Zhenlu", "Wan, Jun", "Liu, Peng", "Elalamy, Ismail", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316065", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic in just a few months, causing millions infected. Nearly 20% of COVID-19 patients present severe coagulation abnormalities, which may occur in almost all of the severe and critical ill COVID-19 cases. Concomitant venous thromboembolism (VTE), a potential cause of unexplained deaths, has been frequently reported in COVID-19 cases, but its management is still challenging due to the complexity between antithrombotic therapy and coagulation disorders. Based on frontline practical experience and comprehensive literature review, here a panel of experts and physicians from China and Europe developed an evidence and opinion-based consensus on the prophylaxis and management of VTE associated with COVID-19. This statement aims for clinicians treating COVID-19 and provides practical recommendations in detailed situations, for example, how to choose thromboprophylactic measures for patients with diverse severity of disease and bleeding risk, or which kind of anticoagulant should be prescribed. With limited experience on COVID19-associated VTE, this expert consensus statement should be helpful for clinicians worldwide with specific suggestions."}, {"pmid": 32397138, "title": "A Systematic Review Analyzing the Prevalence and Circulation of Influenza Viruses in Swine Population Worldwide.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Chauhan, Ravendra P", "Gordon, Michelle L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397138", "countries": ["Canada", "Egypt", "Korea, Republic of", "Australia", "China", "United States", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global anxiety and a significant threat to public health due to the current COVID-19 pandemic reiterate the need for active surveillance for the zoonotic virus diseases of pandemic potential. Influenza virus due to its wide host range and zoonotic potential poses such a significant threat to public health. Swine serve as a \"mixing vessel\" for influenza virus reassortment and evolution which as a result may facilitate the emergence of new strains or subtypes of zoonotic potential. In this context, the currently available scientific data hold a high significance to unravel influenza virus epidemiology and evolution. With this objective, the current systematic review summarizes the original research articles and case reports of all the four types of influenza viruses reported in swine populations worldwide. A total of 281 articles were found eligible through screening of PubMed and Google Scholar databases and hence were included in this systematic review. The highest number of research articles (n = 107) were reported from Asia, followed by Americas (n = 97), Europe (n = 55), Africa (n = 18), and Australia (n = 4). The H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were the most common influenza A virus subtypes reported in swine in most countries across the globe, however, few strains of influenza B, C, and D viruses were also reported in certain countries. Multiple reports of the avian influenza virus strains documented in the last two decades in swine in China, the United States, Canada, South Korea, Nigeria, and Egypt provided the evidence of interspecies transmission of influenza viruses from birds to swine. Inter-species transmission of equine influenza virus H3N8 from horse to swine in China expanded the genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses. Additionally, numerous reports of the double and triple-reassortant strains which emerged due to reassortments among avian, human, and swine strains within swine further increased the genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses. These findings are alarming hence active surveillance should be in place to prevent future influenza pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32499091, "pmcid": "PMC7256504", "title": "(Mis-)understanding COVID-19 and digit ratio: Methodological and statistical issues in Manning and Fink (2020).", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Jones, Alex L", "Satchell, Liam P", "Jaeger, Bastian", "Schild, Christoph"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499091", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303498, "title": "The role of the future physician: building on shifting sands.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Fernandes, Linford", "FitzPatrick, Michael Eb", "Roycroft, Matthew"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303498", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of the future physician in the NHS is of interest to current doctors, patients, policymakers and the wider public. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, it has never been more clear that the healthcare needs of the population, and the technical and scientific advances with which to solve them, are rapidly evolving and the medical workforce must adapt to these changes to deliver personalised healthcare. This article considers the current challenges that need to be addressed to deliver a future physician-led healthcare service that works for its patients. Key themes are expanded upon, including the changing healthcare workforce, digital and technological innovation, service delivery, complex conditions and changing patient demographics. The impact and challenges of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on these factors are highlighted. Avenues for development are suggested, both in postgraduate medical training and the health service as a whole. These changes will be required to deliver the physicians of the future, imbued with the skills and attributes they will need to provide a high standard of care in the mid-21st century."}, {"pmid": 32500793, "title": "Repurposing Nimesulide, a Potent Inhibitor of the B0AT1 Subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor, as a Therapeutic Adjuvant of COVID-19.", "journal": "SLAS Discov", "authors": ["Scalise, Mariafrancesca", "Indiveri, Cesare"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500793", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection is a health emergency that needs to be addressed immediately. The international scientific community, following World Health Organization (WHO) indications, launched different trials for testing drugs putatively able to block the SARS-CoV-2 infection or treat the COVID-19 disease symptoms. In parallel, studies devoted to a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 biology are in the course for designing an effective vaccine. One of the human membrane proteins known to be docked by the virus is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), proposed to be responsible for viral entry in target cells. Recently, the 3D structure of ACE2 has been obtained, showing its physical interaction with B0AT1 (SLC6A19), a plasma membrane transporter involved in the trafficking of amino acids in cells. The receptor targeted by SARS-CoV-2 is a supercomplex formed by a dimer of ACE2-B0AT1, in which ACE2 binds the viral protein and B0AT1 stabilizes the heterodimer. As a serendipity occurrence, nimesulide was shown to abolish the transport function of B0AT1. Here we suggest including nimesulide in the list of drugs to be tested for the identification of co-adjuvants in the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32467616, "title": "More bricks in the wall against SARS-CoV-2 infection: involvement of gamma9delta2 T cells.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Rijkers, Ger", "Vervenne, Trees", "van der Pol, Pieter"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467616", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486842, "title": "Battlefield Endocrinology.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Sadhu, Archana R"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486842", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502442, "pmcid": "PMC7266589", "title": "COVID-19 and cancer care in Bermuda.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Fosker, Christopher"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496852, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on loss and grief: a personal lens.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Nyatanga, Brian"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496852", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502005, "title": "The efficacy of masks for influenza-like illness in the community: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Wang, Hua", "Chen, Mao-Bing", "Cui, Wei-Yan", "Xu, Hua-Lan", "Zheng, Qi-Han"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502005", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 period, there was a huge gap in the understanding of masks between east and west. At the same time, the mechanism of the mask and the effect after use, also appeared differences. The Objective of this Meta-analysis is to systematically evaluate the efficacy of masks for influenza in the community. The Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Clinical Trials will be electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials regarding the efficacy of masks for influenza in the community through Apr 2020. Two researchers independently screened and evaluated the obtained studies and extracted the outcome indexes. Revman 5.3 software will be used for the meta-analysis. The outbreak is continuing, and we need to be prepared for a long fight. If masks are effective, we need to promote their use as soon as possible. If masks are ineffective, strong evidence should be given. This is an urgent task and our team will finish it as soon as possible. Provide stronger evidence to solve the problem, should we wear masks or not right now."}, {"pmid": 32229604, "title": "Evaluation of Saline, Phosphate-Buffered Saline, and Minimum Essential Medium as Potential Alternatives to Viral Transport Media for SARS-CoV-2 Testing.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Rodino, Kyle G", "Espy, Mark J", "Buckwalter, Seanne P", "Walchak, Robert C", "Germer, Jeffery J", "Fernholz, Emily", "Boerger, Aimee", "Schuetz, Audrey N", "Yao, Joseph D", "Binnicker, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229604", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379882, "pmcid": "PMC7239119", "title": "Maintaining high quality multidisciplinary pain medicine fellowship programs: Part II: Innovations in clinical care workflow, clinical supervision, job satisfaction and postgraduation mentorship for pain fellows during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pain Med", "authors": ["Kohan, Lynn", "Sobey, Christopher", "Wahezi, Sayed", "Brancolini, Scott", "Przkora, Rene", "Shaparin, Naum", "Spektor, Boris", "Moeschler, Susan", "Anitescu, Magdalena"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pain fellowship programs are facing unique challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Restrictions by state governments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have resulted in a rapidly changing and evolving learning environment for today's fellows. Innovative solutions must be sought to maintain proper education and ensure the well-being of our trainees. : We assembled a panel of pain program directors who serve as officers/board members of the Association of Pain Program Directors, offering guidance and recommendations to pain fellowship directors nationwide. Panel members evaluate best available evidence and expert opinion on use of remote and virtual platforms in clinical care, adaptability to alterations in clinic and referral management, and provide guidance on post-graduate impact. The country is in the midst of an unprecedented pandemic. The impact on pain management fellowships has been significant and will likely last for months, resulting in extraordinary challenges to the administration of pain fellowship programs and the education of our fellows. Several strategies will help address these challenges, including employing telehealth capabilities to continue clinical experiences, and providing trainees with opportunities to continue their professional growth beyond fellowship completion. Together, we can implement innovative solutions to overcome these challenges."}, {"pmid": 32378064, "pmcid": "PMC7202901", "title": "Feasibility of Therapeutic Effects of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway on COVID-19 Symptoms.", "journal": "J Neuroimmune Pharmacol", "authors": ["Mazloom, Roham"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378064", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386565, "pmcid": "PMC7204765", "title": "Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Riphagen, Shelley", "Gomez, Xabier", "Gonzalez-Martinez, Carmen", "Wilkinson, Nick", "Theocharis, Paraskevi"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386565", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440979, "pmcid": "PMC7241064", "title": "Assessing disability and relapses in multiple sclerosis on tele-neurology.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Moccia, Marcello", "Lanzillo, Roberta", "Brescia Morra, Vincenzo", "Bonavita, Simona", "Tedeschi, Gioacchino", "Leocani, Letizia", "Lavorgna, Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a consequence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a large amount of consultations will be delivered through tele-medicine, especially for diseases causing chronic disability and requiring immunomodulatory treatments, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We have hereby reviewed available tools for tele-neurology examination in MS, including components of neurological examination that can be assessed through video, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and digital technology. Overall, we have suggested a battery for assessing MS disability and relapses on tele-medicine, which brings together conventional examination, PROMs (e.g., Patient Determined Disease Steps, MS Impact Scale), and cognitive tests (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) that can be delivered remotely and in multiple languages. The use of common tools for neurological examination could improve tele-neurology practice for both general neurologists and MS specialists, and quality of care for people with MS."}, {"pmid": 32267826, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Coronavirus Disease, Thailand.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pongpirul, Wannarat A", "Mott, Joshua A", "Woodring, Joseph V", "Uyeki, Timothy M", "MacArthur, John R", "Vachiraphan, Apichart", "Suwanvattana, Pawita", "Uttayamakul, Sumonmal", "Chunsuttiwat, Supamit", "Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee", "Pongpirul, Krit", "Prasithsirikul, Wisit"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267826", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Among 11 patients in Thailand infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, we detected viral RNA in upper respiratory specimens a median of 14 days after illness onset and 9 days after fever resolution. We identified viral co-infections and an asymptomatic person with detectable virus RNA in serial tests. We describe implications for surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32425460, "pmcid": "PMC7227520", "title": "\"ANESTHESIA STAT\" TO INTUBATE A COVID-19 PATIENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ANESTHESIOLOGIST.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Ghia, Samit", "Lazar, Michael", "Epstein, Jonathan", "Bhatt, Himani V"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425460", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32107909, "title": "[Treatment of pancreatic diseases and prevention of infection during outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Gou, S M", "Yin, T", "Xiong, J X", "Peng, T", "Li, Y", "Wu, H S"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32107909", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To explore the proper protective measures for pancreatic diseases treatment during the outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease(COVID-19). Methods: Clinical data of four cases of patients that suffered COVID-19 from February 2(nd) to February 9(th), 2020 at Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology were reviewed induding 4 males and 1 female, aging of 50, 51, 46, 87 years old, respectively. After the first patients cuffed nosocomial infection of COVID-19, the general protective measures were updated.Only one patient was admitted to each room alone, with no more than one caregiver. The body temperature of care givers was measured twice a day.Primary protections were applied to all staff.The floor was sterilized using disinfectant with an effective chlorine concentration of 1 000 mg/L. The protective measures for interventional procedures were as follow. Primary protection was applied to the operators of central venipuncture catheter, percutaneous abdominal/pleural drainage, percutaneous retroperitoneal drainage, percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage and other surgical procedures with local anesthesia and epidural anesthesia. Secondary protection was applied to the operators of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and surgical procedures with general anesthesia. Results: There were four patients who were diagnosed as COVID-19, of which one died of COVID-19, two were cured, and one was still in hospital for COVID-19. After the update of protective measures, no more nosocomial infection of COVID-19 occurred. Two central venipuncture catheter, three percutaneous abdominal or pleural drainage, one percutaneous retroperitoneal drainage, one percuteneous transhepatic cholecyst drainage and one open surgery with general anesthesia were performed with no infection of operators. Conclusions: The caregivers of patients are potential infection source of COVID-19. Enhanced protective measures including the management measures of caregivers can decrease the risk of nosocomial infection of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32416123, "pmcid": "PMC7228723", "title": "COVID-19 and the American Board of Ophthalmology: When the Best-Laid Plans Go Awry.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Bartley, George B"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416123", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404791, "title": "COVID-19 in the Pediatric Population Admitted to a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Northern Italy: Preliminary Clinical Data.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Brambilla, Ilaria", "Castagnoli, Riccardo", "Caimmi, Silvia", "Ciprandi, Giorgio", "Luigi Marseglia, Gian"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404791", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419599, "title": "Are there positive lessons for Italy's NHS resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Baldino, Gennaro", "Argo, Antonella", "Stassi, Chiara", "Zerbo, Stefania", "Ventura Spagnolo, Elvira"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419599", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The authors evaluate the importance of prevention measures and health care from their own experience and briefly analyse the factors that may have contributed to the rapid spread of Covid-19 in Italy, and hope this will feed into appropriate and new and improved health policies."}, {"pmid": 32475990, "title": "Multiple myeloma and COVID-19.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Dhakal, Binod", "D'Souza, Anita", "Chhabra, Saurabh", "Hari, Parameswaran"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475990", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507410, "title": "The influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and the airways: Clarification for the otorhinolaryngologist.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["de Gabory, L", "Alharbi, A", "Kerimian, M", "Lafon, M-E"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507410", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 cause trivial upper and severe lower respiratory infections (Influenza virus 290,000 to 650,000 deaths/year). These viruses come into contact with the airways either by direct projection, by secondary inhalation of airborne droplets, or by handling (fomites). The objective of this article is to clarify the mechanisms of production and penetration of droplets of secretions emitted during all expiratory phenomena likely to transport these viruses and come into contact with the respiratory mucosa. The droplets>5\u03bcm follow the laws of ballistics, those<5\u03bcm follow Brownian motion and remain suspended in the air. The aerosols of droplets are very heterogeneous whether the subject is healthy or sick. During an infectious period, not all droplets contain viral RNA. If these RNAs are detectable around patients, on surfaces, and in the ambient air at variable distances according to the studies (from 0.5m to beyond the patient's room), this is without prejudice to the infectious nature (viability) of the virus and the minimum infectious dose. There is a time lag between the patient's infectious period and that of RNA detection for both viruses. Subsequently, the inhaled particles must meet the laws of fluid dynamics (filtration) to settle in the respiratory tree. All of this partly explains the contagiousness and the clinical expression of these two viruses from the olfactory cleft to the alveoli."}, {"pmid": 32321530, "pmcid": "PMC7176025", "title": "The unsynchronized changes of CT image and nucleic acid detection in COVID-19: reports the two cases from Gansu, China.", "journal": "Respir Res", "authors": ["Gao, Jing", "Liu, Jun-Qiang", "Wen, Heng-Jun", "Liu, Hua", "Hu, Wei-Dong", "Han, Xia", "Li, Chuan-Xing", "Wang, Xiao-Jun"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321530", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The CT image is used to assess the disease progress, whereas the continued two times of negative results from SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection had been considered as a criterion for ending antiviral treatment. We compared the two COVID-19 cases with similar backgrounds and CT image repeated intervals under treatment. Our report highlighted the unsynchronized expression in the changes of CT image and nucleic acid detection in COVID-19, and lasting positive nucleic acid test result in patients recovered from pneumonia. It may be contributed to recognize the disease and improve prevention."}, {"pmid": 32335184, "pmcid": "PMC7180008", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Radiology Education-Strategies for Survival.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Slanetz, Priscilla J", "Parikh, Ujas", "Chapman, Teresa", "Motuzas, Cari L"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335184", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312710, "title": "Covid-19: the precarious position of Spain's nursing homes.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rada, Aser Garcia"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312710", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515379, "title": "Neurological manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Kanwar, Dureshahwar", "Baig, Abdul Mannan", "Wasay, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515379", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) has turned out to be a formidable pandemic. Upcoming evidence from confirmed cases of COVID-19 suggests an anticipated incursion of patients with neurological manifestations in the weeks to come. An expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2), the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2 over the glial cells and neurons have made the brain a potential target. Neurotoxicity may occur as a result of direct, indirect and post-infectious complications. Attention to neurological deficits in COVID-19 is fundamental to ensure appropriate, timely, beneficial management of the affected patients. Most common neurological manifestations seen include dizziness, headache, impaired consciousness, acute cerebrovascular disease, ataxia, and seizures. Anosmia and ageusia have recently been hinted as significant early symptoms in COVID-19. As cases with neurological deficits in COVID-19 emerge, the overall prognosis is yet unknown."}, {"pmid": 32380844, "title": "Canadian Society of Thoracic Radiology/Canadian Association of Radiologists Consensus Statement Regarding Chest Imaging in Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Dennie, Carole", "Hague, Cameron", "Lim, Robert S", "Manos, Daria", "Memauri, Brett F", "Nguyen, Elsie T", "Taylor, Jana"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380844", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared infection related to a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) a pandemic. The role and impact of imaging predates this declaration and continues to change rapidly. This article is a consensus statement provided by the Canadian Society of Thoracic Radiology and the Canadian Association of Radiologists outlining the role of imaging in COVID-19 patients. The objectives are to answer key questions related to COVID-19 imaging of the chest and provide guidance for radiologists who are interpreting such studies during this pandemic. The role of chest radiography (CXR), computed tomography (CT), and lung ultrasound is discussed. This document attempts to answer key questions for the imager when dealing with this crisis, such as \"When is CXR appropriate in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection?\" or \"How should a radiologist deal with incidental findings of COVID-19 on CT of the chest done for other indications?\" This article also provides recommended reporting structure for CXR and CT, breaking diagnostic possibilities for both CXR and CT into 3 categories: typical, nonspecific, and negative based on imaging findings with representative images provided. Proposed reporting language is also outlined based on this structure. As our understanding of this pandemic evolves, our appreciation for how imaging fits into the workup of patients during this unprecedented time evolves as well. Although this consensus statement was written using the most recent literature, it is important to maintain an open mind as new information continues to surface."}, {"pmid": 32292914, "pmcid": "PMC7151370", "title": "COVID-19, Medicine, and Sports.", "journal": "Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Gilat, Ron", "Cole, Brian J"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292914", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has brought our lives to a sudden and complete lockdown. While the numbers of confirmed cases and deaths continue to rise, people around the world are taking brave actions to mitigate transmission and save lives. The role sports play in this pandemic is unprecedented, fascinating, and reveals the immense impact sports has on every aspect of our lives. We must all do our part to keep each other safe until this outbreak subsides and sports and humanity are back to being greater than ever."}, {"pmid": 32299207, "pmcid": "PMC7195981", "title": "Global surveillance, travel, and trade during a pandemic", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Cetin, Ceren", "Kara, Ates"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pandemics have had very important consequences in human history. Lots of people lost their lives and countries have been intensively affected in terms of socioeconomic problems. Unfortunately, avoidance of pandemics and limiting the spread are still currently not always possible. Maybe the most important factor for this is the increasing frequency of traveling. Increasing airline traveling rate also increases the rate of spread. Global organizations like the World Health Organization and United Nations are trying to play a supreme role over the countries. Pandemics do not have borders; therefore, efforts should be given globally, definition of pandemic should be established as soon as possible, and protective measures should be shared with countries. If these are not done, severe health consequences and serious economic problems are inevitable."}, {"pmid": 32450264, "pmcid": "PMC7244407", "title": "The precautions required for the safe return of elective surgery - a letter to the editor in response to \"Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 2 (surgical prioritisation).", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Cheng, Shuliang Oliver", "Liu, Aurelia"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450264", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474396, "pmcid": "PMC7204699", "title": "Bronchoscopy use in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Respir Med Res", "authors": ["Vergnon, J-M", "Trosini-Desert, V", "Fournier, C", "Lachkar, S", "Dutau, H", "Guibert, N", "Escarguel, B", "Froudarakis, M"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474396", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526046, "title": "Secondary HLH is uncommon in severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Wood, Henry", "Jones, John", "Hui, Kit", "Mare, Tracey", "Pirani, Tasneem", "Galloway, James", "Metaxa, Victoria", "Benjamin, Reuben", "Rutherford, Andrew", "Cain, Sharon", "Kulasekararaj, Austin G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526046", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe cases of COVID-19, caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, have been associated with a hyperinflammatory state.(Huang, Wang et al. 2020) This has been described as a form of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)(Bergsten, Horne et al. 2017) that may contribute to increased mortality.(Ramos-Casals, Brito-Zeron et al. 2014) Screening with the HScore(Fardet, Galicier et al. 2014) to identify cases has been recommended to guide immunosuppressive therapy(Mehta, McAuley et al. 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32501175, "title": "The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on domestic violence: The dark side of home isolation during quarantine.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Sacco, Matteo Antonio", "Caputo, Fiorella", "Ricci, Pietrantonio", "Sicilia, Francesco", "De Aloe, Luigi", "Bonetta, Carlo Filippo", "Cordasco, Fabrizio", "Scalise, Carmen", "Cacciatore, Giulia", "Zibetti, Angelica", "Gratteri, Santo", "Aquila, Isabella"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Domestic violence is a global public health problem. It takes many different forms and leads to significant physical and psychological consequences for the victim and the whole family. Situations that may prompt episodes of violence in the family include stress, emotional disappointment, economic factors, bad and cramped housing, and alcohol or drug abuse. How does the government's forced home isolation to contain Covid-19 infections impact on this type of abuse? Numerous articles have reported a decrease in reports of domestic violence since quarantine began but how reliable is these data? Is it a potential wake-up call for public institutions? We discuss the risks associated with quarantine measures during the pandemic and suggest the measures to prevent and improve the reporting of abuse cases."}, {"pmid": 32358180, "title": "ABNM: Helping Diplomates and Trainees During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Gordon, Leonie"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358180", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529889, "title": "Prevention and control strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Hematol Oncol", "authors": ["Cai, Jiabin", "Zheng, Lili", "Lv, Danni", "He, Min", "Xiong, Jieni", "Mao, Junqing", "Wang, Jinhu"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529889", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of patients with COVID-19 in December 2019, the virus has rapidly spread worldwide. Children with malignant tumors are more prone to be infected and develop severe infections. Prevention and control of the pandemic and ensuring the progress of the cancer diagnosis and treatment is a significant problem in the current scenario. This article proposes a scientific management system for patients with solid tumors to guarantee emergency surgery, rationally arrange limited-term surgery, appropriately defer elective surgery, and guarantee regular chemotherapy, while protecting children from SARS-CoV-2 infection and ensuring the continuity of comprehensive diagnosis and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32426027, "pmcid": "PMC7227506", "title": "\"Please doctor, could you tell him that I love him?\": letter from plastic surgeons at the COVID-19 warfront.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Sallam, Dr Davide", "Carminati, Dr Marcello", "Mevio, Dr Gabriele", "Verga, Dr Maurizio", "Codazzi, Dr Denis"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426027", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426864, "title": "A clinicopathological study of 8 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and a late-onset exanthema.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Herrero-Moyano, M", "Capusan, T M", "Andreu-Barasoain, M", "Alcantara-Gonzalez, J", "Ruano-Del Salado, M", "Sanchez-Largo Uceda, M E", "Calzado-Villarreal, L", "Perez-Gonzalez, Y"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426864", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our hospital diagnosed the two first non-imported COVID-19 cases in Spain on 26th February. Up to date, a total of 1177 COVID-19 patients have been hospitalized. Eight of them were referred for dermatological examination. Due to the overwhelming situation, the incidence of cutaneous manifestations in our hospitalized COVID-19 patients is probably greater than this 0.7%1, 2 ."}, {"pmid": 32226290, "pmcid": "PMC7098027", "title": "Targeting the Endocytic Pathway and Autophagy Process as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Yang, Naidi", "Shen, Han-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226290", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of enveloped, single-stranded positive genomic RNA viruses and some of them are known to cause severe respiratory diseases in human, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and the ongoing coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). One key element in viral infection is the process of viral entry into the host cells. In the last two decades, there is increasing understanding on the importance of the endocytic pathway and the autophagy process in viral entry and replication. As a result, the endocytic pathway including endosome and lysosome has become important targets for development of therapeutic strategies in combating diseases caused by CoVs. In this mini-review, we will focus on the importance of the endocytic pathway as well as the autophagy process in viral infection of several pathogenic CoVs inclusive of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the new CoV named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and discuss the development of therapeutic agents by targeting these processes. Such knowledge will provide important clues for control of the ongoing epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32494321, "pmcid": "PMC7239593", "title": "Let Us Aggressively Confront the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Cardiol Res", "authors": ["Somberg, John"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494321", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320059, "pmcid": "PMC7264677", "title": "Potential of live pathogen vaccines for defeating the COVID-19 pandemic: history and mechanism.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Ji-Wang", "Chen, Ji-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320059", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The whole world has entered a terrible crisis with a huge and increasing amount of human deaths and economic loss in fighting the pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus termed SARS-CoV-2. The live pathogen vaccine (LPV) strategy, which originated in ancient China for fighting smallpox, has been applied successfully in the USA military recruits for decades to control acute respiratory diseases caused by types 4 and 7 adenoviruses. This strategy has also been widely employed in veterinary medicine. These facts suggest a fast way out of the current pandemic crisis, namely that SARS-CoV-2 could be directly used as a live vaccine. Beyond the two traditional mechanisms to guarantee the LPV's safety (SARS-CoV-2 is not highly pathogenic; the LPV is inoculated bypassing the respiratory sites of pathology), three novel mechanisms to further ensure the LPV's safety are available (the virus replication is inhibited with early use of an antiviral drug; symptomatic LPV recipients are cured with convalescent plasma; the LPV is inoculated in hot seasons). This LPV strategy has multiple potential advantages over other options, and could reduce greatly the morbidity and mortality as well as economic loss caused by the pandemic. The safety and efficacy of this strategy should be investigated strictly using animal experiments and clinical trials, and even if the experiments and trials all support the strategy, it should be implemented with enough cautiousness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32205336, "title": "Are my patients with rheumatic diseases at higher risk of COVID-19?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Figueroa-Parra, Gabriel", "Aguirre-Garcia, Gloria Mayela", "Gamboa-Alonso, Carmen Magdalena", "Camacho-Ortiz, Adrian", "Galarza-Delgado, Dionicio Angel"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277779, "pmcid": "PMC7262071", "title": "Telehealth Policies Impacting Federally Qualified Health Centers in Face of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Sodhi, Miku"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277779", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357952, "title": "Covid-19: doctors must take control of their wellbeing.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Simons, Gemma", "Baldwin, David S"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357952", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313847, "pmcid": "PMC7167586", "title": "Time to 'Buddy Up' - Simple Strategies to Support Oncologists During the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Barry, Aisling", "Murphy, Tracy", "Prince, Rebecca", "May, Taymaa", "Zimmermann, Camilla", "Elliott, Mary"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313847", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407441, "title": "Assessment of Deaths From COVID-19 and From Seasonal Influenza.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Faust, Jeremy Samuel", "Del Rio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407441", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502844, "pmcid": "PMC7244440", "title": "The evaluation of sleep disturbances for Chinese frontline medical workers under the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Sleep Med", "authors": ["Qi, Jing", "Xu, Jing", "Li, Bo-Zhi", "Huang, Jin-Sha", "Yang, Yuan", "Zhang, Zhen-Tao", "Yao, Dong-Ai", "Liu, Qun-Hui", "Jia, Min", "Gong, Dao-Kai", "Ni, Xiao-Hong", "Zhang, Qi-Mei", "Shang, Fu-Rong", "Xiong, Nian", "Zhu, Chun-Li", "Wang, Tao", "Zhang, Xi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502844", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Greece"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate sleep disturbances of Chinese frontline medical workers (FMW) under the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and make a comparison with non-FMW. The medical workers from multiple hospitals in Hubei Province, China, volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study. An online questionnaire, including Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), was used to evaluate sleep disturbances and mental status. Sleep disturbances were defined as PSQI>6 points or/and AIS>6 points. We compared the scores of PSQI, AIS, anxiety and depression VAS, as well as prevalence of sleep disturbances between FMW and non-FMW. A total of 1306 subjects (801 FMW and 505 non-FMW) were enrolled. Compared to non-FMW, FMW had significantly higher scores of PSQI (9.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.8 vs 7.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.7; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001; Cohen's d\u00a0=\u00a00.47), AIS (6.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.3 vs 5.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.8; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001; Cohen's d\u00a0=\u00a00.38), anxiety (4.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.7 vs 4.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.6; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001; Cohen's d\u00a0=\u00a00.22) and depression (4.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.5 vs 3.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.4; P\u00a0=\u00a00.001; Cohen's d\u00a0=\u00a00.21), as well as higher prevalence of sleep disturbances according to PSQI\u00a0>\u00a06 points (78.4% vs 61.0%; relative risk [RR]\u00a0=\u00a01.29; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and AIS\u00a0>\u00a06 points (51.7% vs 35.6%; RR\u00a0=\u00a01.45; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). FMW have higher prevalence of sleep disturbances and worse sleep quality than non-FMW. Further interventions should be administrated for FMW, aiming to maintain their healthy condition and guarantee their professional performance in the battle against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32085846, "pmcid": "PMC7164771", "title": "Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Xu, Zhe", "Shi, Lei", "Wang, Yijin", "Zhang, Jiyuan", "Huang, Lei", "Zhang, Chao", "Liu, Shuhong", "Zhao, Peng", "Liu, Hongxia", "Zhu, Li", "Tai, Yanhong", "Bai, Changqing", "Gao, Tingting", "Song, Jinwen", "Xia, Peng", "Dong, Jinghui", "Zhao, Jingmin", "Wang, Fu-Sheng"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32085846", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386833, "pmcid": "PMC7183938", "title": "Considerations for resuscitation and transfer of paediatric patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Thampi, Swapna", "Lee, Chang C M", "Ng, Beatrice H Z", "Yap, Andrea P A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386833", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451582, "pmcid": "PMC7246287", "title": "Enhancing intensive care capacity: COVID-19 experience from a Tertiary Center in Israel.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Leshem, Eyal", "Klein, Yoram", "Haviv, Yael", "Berkenstadt, Haim", "Pessach, Itai M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451582", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525227, "title": "Personal protective equipment and concerns over airborne transmission of COVID-19: a reply.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Cook, T M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525227", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395038, "pmcid": "PMC7211653", "title": "Development of New Hybrid Model of Discrete Wavelet Decomposition and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Models in Application to One Month Forecast the Casualties Cases of COVID-19.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Singh, Sarbjit", "Parmar, Kulwinder Singh", "Kumar, Jatinder", "Makkhan, Sidhu Jitendra Singh"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395038", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Everywhere around the globe, the hot topic of discussion today is the ongoing and fast-spreading coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). Earlier detected in Wuhan, Hubei province, in China in December 2019, the deadly virus engulfed China and some neighboring countries, which claimed thousands of lives in February 2020. The proposed hybrid methodology involves the application of discreet wavelet decomposition to the dataset of deaths due to COVID-19, which splits the input data into component series and then applying an appropriate econometric model to each of the component series for making predictions of death cases in future. ARIMA models are well known econometric forecasting models capable of generating accurate forecasts when applied on wavelet decomposed time series. The input dataset consists of daily death cases from most affected five countries by COVID-19, which is given to the hybrid model for validation and to make one month ahead prediction of death cases. These predictions are compared with that obtained from an ARIMA model to estimate the performance of prediction. The predictions indicate a sharp rise in death cases despite various precautionary measures taken by governments of these countries."}, {"pmid": 32308536, "pmcid": "PMC7153689", "title": "A Critical Appraisal of COVID-19 in Malaysia and Beyond.", "journal": "Malays J Med Sci", "authors": ["Abdullah, Jafri Malin", "Wan Ismail, Wan Faisham Nu'man", "Mohamad, Irfan", "Ab Razak, Asrenee", "Harun, Azian", "Musa, Kamarul Imran", "Lee, Yeong Yeh"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308536", "countries": ["China", "Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When the first report of COVID-19 appeared in December 2019 from Wuhan, China, the world unknowingly perceived this as another flu-like illness. Many were surprised at the extreme steps that China had subsequently taken to seal Wuhan from the rest of the world. However, by February 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, had spread so quickly across the globe that the World Health Organization officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic. COVID-19 is not the first pandemic the world has seen, so what makes it so unique in Malaysia, is discussed to avoid a future coronacoma."}, {"pmid": 32245909, "title": "A fatal case of COVID-19 pneumonia occurring in a patient with severe acute ulcerative colitis.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Mazza, Stefano", "Sorce, Andrea", "Peyvandi, Flora", "Vecchi, Maurizio", "Caprioli, Flavio"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245909", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486477, "title": "Development of a Portable, Ultra-Rapid and Ultra-Sensitive Cell-Based Biosensor for the Direct Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike Protein Antigen.", "journal": "Sensors (Basel)", "authors": ["Mavrikou, Sophie", "Moschopoulou, Georgia", "Tsekouras, Vasileios", "Kintzios, Spyridon"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486477", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One of the key challenges of the recent COVID-19 pandemic is the ability to accurately estimate the number of infected individuals, particularly asymptomatic and/or early-stage patients. We herewith report the proof-of-concept development of a biosensor able to detect the SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein expressed on the surface of the virus. The biosensor is based on membrane-engineered mammalian cells bearing the human chimeric spike S1 antibody. We demonstrate that the attachment of the protein to the membrane-bound antibodies resulted in a selective and considerable change in the cellular bioelectric properties measured by means of a Bioelectric Recognition Assay. The novel biosensor provided results in an ultra-rapid manner (3 min), with a detection limit of 1 fg/mL and a semi-linear range of response between 10 fg and 1 \u03bcg/mL. In addition, no cross-reactivity was observed against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Furthermore, the biosensor was configured as a ready-to-use platform, including a portable read-out device operated via smartphone/tablet. In this way, we demonstrate that the novel biosensor can be potentially applied for the mass screening of SARS-CoV-2 surface antigens without prior sample processing, therefore offering a possible solution for the timely monitoring and eventual control of the global coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32360439, "pmcid": "PMC7187846", "title": "COVID-19 presenting as stroke.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Avula, Akshay", "Nalleballe, Krishna", "Narula, Naureen", "Sapozhnikov, Steven", "Dandu, Vasuki", "Toom, Sudhamshi", "Glaser, Allison", "Elsayegh, Dany"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360439", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute stroke remains a medical emergency even during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most patients with COVID-19 present with constitutional and respiratory symptoms, some patients present with atypical symptoms including gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, or neurological symptoms. Here we present a series of four COVID-19 patients with acute stroke as a presenting symptom. We searched the hospital databases for patients presenting with acute strokes and suspected COVID-19 features. All patients that had imaging confirmed strokes and PCR confirmed COVID-19 were included in the study. Patients admitted to the hospital with PCR confirmed COVID-19 disease whose hospital course was complicated with acute stroke while inpatient were excluded from the study. Retrospective patient data were obtained from electronic medical records. Informed consent was obtained. We identified four patients presenting with imaging confirmed acute strokes and PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We elucidate the clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and the clinical course. Timely assessment and hyperacute treatment is the key to minimize mortality and morbidity of patients with acute stroke. Stroke teams should be wary of the fact that COVID-19 patients can present with cerebrovascular accidents and dawn appropriate personal protective equipment in every suspected patient. Further studies are urgently needed for a comprehensive understanding of the neurological pathology of COVID-19 and its effects on the nervous system."}, {"pmid": 32358592, "title": "COVID-19 Research in Brief: 24 April to 1 May, 2020.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Carvalho, Thiago"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358592", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530282, "title": "Computational Determination of Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.", "journal": "J Chem Inf Model", "authors": ["Ngo, Son Tung", "Quynh Anh Pham, Ngoc", "Thi Le, Ly", "Pham, Duc-Hung", "Vu, Van V"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530282", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has infected several million people and caused thousands of deaths worldwide since Dec 2019. As the disease is spreading rapidly all over the world, it is urgent to find effective drugs to treat the virus. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the potential drug targets. Therefore, in this context, we used rigorous computational methods, including molecular docking, fast pulling of ligand (FPL), and free energy perturbation (FEP), to investigate potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. We first tested our approach with three reported inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro; and our computational results are in good agreement with the respective experimental data. Subsequently, we applied our approach on a databases of ~4600 natural compounds, as well as 8 available HIV-1 protease (PR) inhibitors and an aza-peptide epoxide. Molecular docking resulted in a short list of 35 natural compounds, which was subsequently refined using the FPL scheme. FPL simulations resulted in five potential inhibitors, including 3 natural compounds and two available HIV-1 PR inhibitors. Finally, FEP, the most accurate and precise method, was used to determine the absolute binding free energy of these five compounds. FEP results indicate that two natural compounds, cannabisin A and isoacteoside, and an HIV-1 PR inhibitor, darunavir, exhibit large binding free energy to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, which is larger than that of 13b, the most reliable SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor recently reported. The binding free energy largely arises from van der Waals interaction. We also found that Glu166 form H-bonds to all the inhibitors. Replacing Glu166 by an alanine residue leads to ~ 2.0 kcal/mol decreases in the affinity of darunavir to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Our results could contribute to the development of potentials drugs inhibiting SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32358763, "pmcid": "PMC7194080", "title": "Regional anesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a time to reconsider practices? (Letter #1).", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Soberon, Jose R Jr", "Urdaneta, Felipe"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358763", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415902, "title": "Ibuprofen and thromboembolism in SARS-COV2.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Arjomandi Rad, Arian", "Vardanyan, Robert", "Tas, Natalie R"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415902", "countries": ["China", "Netherlands"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent and developing literature has begun reporting on the incidence of thromboembolic events associated with COVID-19. Klok et al. analysed 184 SARS-CoV2-positive ICU patients in two Dutch University Hospitals, reporting an incidence of thrombotic complications to be 31%, with Pulmonary Embolism (PE) comprising 81% of these complications. [1] Moreover, Cui et al. reports on a population of 81 ICU patients at the Union Hospital, Wuhan, an incidence of 25% in VTE, also possibly related to worse prognosis.[2] Wang et al. collected data from 1026 COVID-19 positive patients in 31 provincial administrative regions in China and found 40% of the patients as high risk for VTE according to the Padua Prediction Score, with 11% being predicted to go on developing VTE. [3] Other reports and studies have also discussed the role of acute PE in COVID-19. Recent studies have also reported and advised on the use of prophylactic Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) in COVID-19 patients, to prevent the severe outcomes associated with thromboembolic complications."}, {"pmid": 32462761, "title": "Care for patients with rheumatic diseases during COVID-19 pandemic: A position statement from APLAR.", "journal": "Int J Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Tam, Lai-Shan", "Tanaka, Yoshiya", "Handa, Rohini", "Chang, Chi-Chen", "Cheng, Yew Kuang", "Isalm, Nazrul", "Li, Mengtao", "Lorenzo, Jose Paulo", "Song, Yeong-Wook", "Yamamoto, Kazuhiko", "Zeng, Xiaofeng", "Haq, Syed Atiqul"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462761", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526513, "title": "The psychological status of people affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Res", "authors": ["Zhu, Zhen", "Liu, Qi", "Jiang, Xiaobing", "Manandhar, Upasana", "Luo, Zhongyu", "Zheng, Xu", "Li, Yuanyuan", "Xie, Jun", "Zhang, Bo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526513", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan (Hubei, China) in December, 2019. Facing this largescale infectious public health event, everyone is under great psychological pressure. The aim was to investigate the psychological status of people affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The online cross-sectional study involving 922 participants (656 medical staff and 266 general population) was conducted in China between February and March, 2020. The psychological status was evaluated using the Symptom Check List 90 Revised (SCL-90). Linear and logistic regression analysis were used to examine the effect in the study. Of the 922 participants, approximately 18.3% had psychological health problems. The score of the SCL-90 was significant higher in medical staff (mean\u00a0=\u00a01.49) than that in general population (mean\u00a0=\u00a01.36). In addition, the participants enrolled in March were less likely to have psychological health problems than in February (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a00.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a00.30 to 0.59). Female had a 1.44-fold risk of psychological health problems than male (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.01 to 2.03). In the study, 18.3% had psychological health problems during the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic. With the remission of the epidemic, the psychological health status of participants has been improved. Medical staff were likely to have higher SCL-90 scores than general population and female had more psychological problems than male. Our findings can be used to formulate psychological interventions for improving the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32386057, "pmcid": "PMC7239181", "title": "3D-Printing to Address COVID-19 Testing Supply Shortages.", "journal": "Lab Med", "authors": ["Cox, Jesse L", "Koepsell, Scott A"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386057", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has placed immense pressure on supply chains, including shortages in nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs. Here, we report our experience of using 3D-printing to rapidly develop and deploy custom-made NP swabs to address supply shortages at our healthcare institution."}, {"pmid": 32369872, "title": "At the heart of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Khan, Inayat Hussain", "Zahra, Syeda Anum", "Zaim, Sevim", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369872", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease\u00a0(COVID-19) first presented in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019. Since then, it has rapidly spread across the world, and is now formally considered a pandemic. The disease does not discriminate but increasing age and the presence of comorbidities are associated with severe form of the disease and poor outcomes. Although the prevalence of COVID-19 in patients with cardiovascular disease is under-reported, there is evidence that pre-existing cardiac disease can render individuals vulnerable. It is thought that COVID-19 may have both a direct and indirect effect on the cardiovascular system; however, the primary mechanism of underlying cardiovascular involvement is still uncertain. Of particular interest is the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which is well known for its cardiovascular effects and is also considered to be important in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. With a range of different drug candidates being suggested, effective anti-virals and vaccines are an area of on-going research. While our knowledge of COVID-19 continues to rapidly expand, this review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the interaction between COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system."}, {"pmid": 32479648, "title": "Is asthma protective against COVID-19?", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Carli, G", "Cecchi, L", "Stebbing, J", "Parronchi, P", "Farsi, A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479648", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259129, "pmcid": "PMC7114714", "title": "Metronidazole; a Potential Novel Addition to the COVID-19 Treatment Regimen.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Gharebaghi, Reza", "Heidary, Fatemeh", "Moradi, Mohammad", "Parvizi, Maryam"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259129", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 has rapidly emerged as a global pandemic. This viral infection involves the upper respiratory tract and could lead to severe pneumonia with respiratory distress or even death. Certain studies have found higher initial plasma levels of most pro-inflammatory cytokines during the course of the infection. In this context, both in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that metronidazole could decrease the levels of several cytokines, which are known to increase during the COVID-19 infection, including interleukin (IL)8, IL6, IL1B, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u03b1, IL12, IL1\u03b1, and interferon (IFN)\u03b3, as well as the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil count. Furthermore, the drug could decrease neutrophil-generated reactive oxygen species during inflammation. Metronidazole could counteract majority of the immunopathological manifestations of the COVID-19 infection. Therefore, studies with a large sample size are required to determine the efficacy of metronidazole in the treatment of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32390452, "title": "Life after COVID-19: R WE going to help?", "journal": "J Comp Eff Res", "authors": ["Ramagopalan, Sreeram V", "Wasiak, Radek"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390452", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461101, "pmcid": "PMC7207107", "title": "Covid-19 and the documented failure of the American illness profit system - We have to stop treating our doctors, nurses, healthcare workers, and ourselves this way.", "journal": "Explore (NY)", "authors": ["Schwartz, Stephan A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461101", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249203, "pmcid": "PMC7128973", "title": "Microneedle array delivered recombinant coronavirus vaccines: Immunogenicity and rapid translational development.", "journal": "EBioMedicine", "authors": ["Kim, Eun", "Erdos, Geza", "Huang, Shaohua", "Kenniston, Thomas W", "Balmert, Stephen C", "Carey, Cara Donahue", "Raj, V Stalin", "Epperly, Michael W", "Klimstra, William B", "Haagmans, Bart L", "Korkmaz, Emrullah", "Falo, Louis D Jr", "Gambotto, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249203", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses pose a serious threat to global health as evidenced by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19. SARS Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), MERS Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and the novel coronavirus, previously dubbed 2019-nCoV, and now officially named\u00a0SARS-CoV-2, are the causative agents of the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 disease outbreaks, respectively. Safe vaccines that rapidly induce potent and long-lasting virus-specific immune responses against these infectious agents are urgently needed. The coronavirus spike (S) protein, a characteristic structural component of the viral envelope, is considered a key target for vaccines for the prevention of coronavirus infection. We first generated codon optimized MERS-S1 subunit vaccines fused with a foldon trimerization domain to mimic the native viral structure. In variant constructs, we engineered immune stimulants (RS09 or flagellin, as TLR4 or TLR5 agonists, respectively) into this trimeric design. We comprehensively tested the pre-clinical immunogenicity of MERS-CoV vaccines in mice when delivered subcutaneously by traditional needle injection, or intracutaneously by dissolving microneedle arrays (MNAs) by evaluating virus specific IgG antibodies in the serum of vaccinated mice by ELISA and using virus neutralization assays. Driven by the urgent need for COVID-19 vaccines, we utilized this strategy to rapidly develop MNA SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccines and tested their pre-clinical immunogenicity in vivo by exploiting our substantial experience with MNA MERS-CoV vaccines. Here we describe the development of MNA delivered MERS-CoV vaccines and their pre-clinical immunogenicity. Specifically, MNA delivered MERS-S1 subunit vaccines elicited strong and long-lasting antigen-specific antibody responses. Building on our ongoing efforts to develop MERS-CoV vaccines, promising immunogenicity of MNA-delivered MERS-CoV vaccines, and our experience with MNA fabrication and delivery, including clinical trials, we rapidly designed and produced clinically-translatable MNA SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccines within 4 weeks of the identification of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 sequence. Most importantly, these MNA delivered SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit vaccines elicited potent antigen-specific antibody responses that were evident beginning 2 weeks after immunization. MNA delivery of coronaviruses-S1 subunit vaccines is a promising immunization strategy against coronavirus infection. Progressive scientific and technological efforts enable quicker responses to emerging pandemics. Our ongoing efforts to develop MNA-MERS-S1 subunit vaccines enabled us to rapidly design and produce MNA SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccines capable of inducing potent virus-specific antibody responses. Collectively, our results support the clinical development of MNA delivered recombinant protein subunit vaccines against SARS, MERS, COVID-19, and other emerging infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32425228, "pmcid": "PMC7230139", "title": "Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Volume and Diagnosis of Gastric and Colorectal Cancers: A Population-based Study.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Lui, Thomas Kl", "Leung, Kathy", "Guo, Chuan-Guo", "Tsui, Vivien Wm", "Wu, Joseph T", "Leung, Wai K"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425228", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432518, "title": "Tocilizumab for Hemophagocytic Syndrome in a Kidney Transplant Recipient With COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Faguer, Stanislas", "Del Bello, Arnaud", "Abravanel, Florence", "Nicolau-Travers, Marie-Laure", "Kamar, Nassim"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432518", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497651, "pmcid": "PMC7263217", "title": "Aerosol generating procedures and infective risk to healthcare workers: SARS-CoV-2 - the limits of the evidence.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Harding, Henry", "Broom, Alex", "Broom, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497651", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The transmission behaviour of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still being defined. It is likely that it is transmitted predominantly by droplets and direct contact and it is possible that there is at least opportunistic airborne transmission. In order to protect healthcare staff adequately is necessary that we establish whether aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) increase the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Where we do not have evidence relating to SARS-CoV-2, guidelines for safely conducting these procedures should consider what risk procedures would have of transmitting related pathogens. Currently there is very little evidence detailing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 associated with any specific procedures. Regarding aerosol generating procedures and respiratory pathogens in general, there is still a large knowledge gap that will leave clinicians unsure what risk they are putting themselves in when offering these procedures. This review aimed to summarise the evidence (and gaps in evidence) around AGPs and SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32270413, "pmcid": "PMC7140591", "title": "A family cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gao, Xuesong", "Yuan, Zheng", "Yang, Di", "Li, Hongjie", "Zhang, Yijin", "Gao, Ping", "Liu, Xiaomin", "Zhao, Wenshan", "Xiao, Te", "Duan, Xuefei"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270413", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical and epidemiological knowledge of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is limited. We reported a family cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases in Beijing, China. This family comprised three laboratory confirmed cases with clinical symptoms. All three patients had close contact with a relative from Wuhan, Hubei Province. Throat swab samples were all positive for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays. Chest computerized tomography revealed ground-glass opacities and consolidation. SARS-CoV-2 infections tend to clusters. Physicians should be aware of contact history so that infected patients can be identified promptly and further spreading prevented."}, {"pmid": 32436600, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 as an extrahepatic precipitator of acute-on-chronic liver failure.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Grosse, Karsten", "Kramer, Matthijs", "Trautwein, Christian", "Bruns, Tony"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436600", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236644, "pmcid": "PMC7106051", "title": "Identification of a potential mechanism of acute kidney injury during the COVID-19 outbreak: a study based on single-cell transcriptome analysis.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Pan, Xiu-Wu", "Xu, Da", "Zhang, Hao", "Zhou, Wang", "Wang, Lin-Hui", "Cui, Xin-Gang"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236644", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339844, "pmcid": "PMC7177086", "title": "Impact of temperature on the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Shi, Peng", "Dong, Yinqiao", "Yan, Huanchang", "Zhao, Chenkai", "Li, Xiaoyang", "Liu, Wei", "He, Miao", "Tang, Shixing", "Xi, Shuhua"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339844", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A COVID-19 outbreak emerged in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 and developed into a global pandemic during March 2020. The effects of temperature on the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in China are unknown. Data on COVID-19 daily confirmed cases and daily mean temperatures were collected from 31 provincial-level regions in mainland China between Jan. 20 and Feb. 29, 2020. Locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplot (LOESS), distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs), and random-effects meta-analysis were used to examine the relationship between daily confirmed cases rate of COVID-19 and temperature conditions. The daily number of new cases peaked on Feb. 12, and then decreased. The daily confirmed cases rate of COVID-19 had a biphasic relationship with temperature (with a peak at 10\u00a0\u00b0C), and the daily incidence of COVID-19 decreased at values below and above these values. The overall epidemic intensity of COVID-19 reduced slightly following days with higher temperatures with a relative risk (RR) was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.99). A random-effect meta-analysis including 28 provinces in mainland China, we confirmed the statistically significant association between temperature and RR during the study period (Coefficient\u00a0=\u00a0-0.0100, 95% CI: -0.0125, -0.0074). The DLNMs in Hubei Province (outside of Wuhan) and Wuhan showed similar patterns of temperature. Additionally, a modified susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (M-SEIR) model, with adjustment for climatic factors, was used to provide a complete characterization of the impact of climate on the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32511724, "title": "COVID-19: from epidemiology to treatment.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Pericas, J M", "Hernandez-Meneses, M", "Sheahan, T P", "Quintana, E", "Ambrosioni, J", "Sandoval, E", "Falces, C", "Marcos, M A", "Tuset, M", "Vilella, A", "Moreno, A", "Miro, J M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511724", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the daily clinical practice of cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons. Preparedness of health workers and health services is crucial to tackle the enormous challenge posed by SARS-CoV-2 in wards, operating theatres, intensive care units, and interventionist laboratories. This Clinical Review provides an overview of COVID-19 and focuses on relevant aspects on prevention and management for specialists within the cardiovascular field."}, {"pmid": 32327904, "pmcid": "PMC7167410", "title": "SARS-COV-2 infection (coronavirus disease 2019) for the gastrointestinal consultant.", "journal": "World J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Hajifathalian, Kaveh", "Mahadev, Srihari", "Schwartz, Robert E", "Shah, Shawn", "Sampath, Kartik", "Schnoll-Sussman, Felice", "Brown, Robert S Jr", "Carr-Locke, David", "Cohen, David E", "Sharaiha, Reem Z"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327904", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has caused an extreme burden for health care systems globally, and the number of cases is expected to continue to increase, at least in the immediate future. The virus is estimated to have infected more than 1.5 million individuals. The available reports suggest that gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is common and in some cases the GI symptoms may precede the respiratory symptoms. In addition to direct effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the infected patients remain at risk for the complications commonly managed by gastroenterology and hepatology consultants. The most commonly reported GI manifestation of COVID-19 is diarrhea, which is reported in a third to up to more than half of the patients. Mild to moderate elevation of the liver enzymes are also common, although no case of acute liver failure has been reported so far. Many of the medications used for treatment of COVID-19 can also be associated with GI symptoms or liver injury and can be included in the differential diagnosis in these patients. Although the diagnosis of the infection is currently based on RNA analysis in respiratory samples, the available literature on fecal shedding of this virus suggests that fecal RNA testing might prove to be a useful diagnostic test. It is reasonable to delay all non-urgent endoscopic procedures during the peak of the pandemic and use additional protective equipment such as N95 respirators during endoscopy while most patients can be considered high risk for having been exposed to the virus."}, {"pmid": 32502388, "pmcid": "PMC7266600", "title": "Unlocking UK COVID-19 policy.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Colbourn, Tim"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502388", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266610, "pmcid": "PMC7137540", "title": "Erratum to: Bat origin of a new human coronavirus: there and back again.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Li, Xiang", "Song, Yuhe", "Wong, Gary", "Cui, Jie"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266610", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We miscalculated identities of several genes, and the corrected Table 1 should be as follows."}, {"pmid": 32387082, "pmcid": "PMC7199002", "title": "Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) associated with severe acute pancreatitis: Case report on three family members.", "journal": "Pancreatology", "authors": ["Hadi, Amer", "Werge, Mikkel", "Kristiansen, Klaus Tjelle", "Pedersen, Ulf Gottrup", "Karstensen, John Gasdal", "Novovic, Srdan", "Gluud, Lise Lotte"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387082", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Abdominal pain is one of the known symptoms associated with coronavirus disease 2019. Little is known about the development of acute pancreatitis as a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. This case report describes the presentation of acute pancreatitis in two of three family members with severe COVID-19 infection. Data were collected from three family members admitted with COVID-19 to the intensive care unit in March 2020. This study was reviewed and approved by the local data and ethics committee (31-1521-253). Two of the three family members were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis associated with SARS-CoV-2. Other causes of acute pancreatitis were excluded for both patients (including alcohol, biliary obstruction/gall stones, drugs, trauma, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcemia, and hypotension). These cases highlight acute pancreatitis as a complication associated with COVID-19 and underlines the importance of measuring pancreas-specific plasma amylase in patients with COVID-19 and abdominal pain."}, {"pmid": 32366772, "pmcid": "PMC7219844", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: International variation of personal protective equipment (PPE) and infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Ip, Vivian H Y", "Sondekoppam, Rakesh V", "Ozelsel, Timur J P", "Tsui, Ban C H"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366772", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353156, "title": "Bracing for the Big Ones: Novel Diseases like COVID-19 Could Test Texas&#39; Public Health System.", "journal": "Tex Med", "authors": ["Price, Sean"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353156", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel diseases like COVID-19 could be a tough test for Texas' public health system."}, {"pmid": 32515339, "title": "[Isoflavones have therapeutic efficacy inoestrogen deficiency].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Hellfritzsch, Maja", "Kumler, Thomas", "Hansen, Anette Tarp", "Tang, Marianne", "Berthelsen, Kasper Gymoese", "Fialla, Annette Dam", "Andersen, Anita Sylvest", "Kampmann, Peter", "Hvas, Anne-Mette"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515339", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The importance of venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a major complication in patients with severe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is becoming increasingly evident. In this review, we describe the proposed pathophysiology of the prothrombotic coagulation changes observed in patients with COVID-19. Further, based on a review of the currently available evidence on VTE prevalence in patients with COVID-19, we present and discuss the recommendations from the Danish Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis on the use of thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32475807, "pmcid": "PMC7255993", "title": "Novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) awareness among the dental interns, dental auxiliaries and dental specialists in Saudi Arabia: A nationwide study.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Quadri, Mir F A", "Jafer, Mohammed A", "Alqahtani, Ahmed Shaher", "Al Mutahar, Somayah A B", "Odabi, Nouf I", "Daghriri, Amal A", "Tadakamadla, Santosh K"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475807", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dental health care workers (DHCW's) are invariably at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19. The objectives were; to investigate the current knowledge on COVID-19 among the DHCW's; and to conduct quasi-experiment among the DHCW's who were unaware of the disseminated COVID-19 information. A nationwide cross-sectional study targeting dental interns, auxiliaries, and specialists with a two-staged cluster sampling technique was performed. A 17-item questionnaire was subjected to reliability and validity tests before being administered. The participants for quasi-experiment were separated from the original sample after their initial response. Chi-square test assessed responses to knowledge statements between the participants. Difference in mean knowledge scores between the categories of DHCW's and sources of COVID-19 information was assessed using ANOVA. Data from the quasi experiment (pre vs post knowledge intervention) was subjected to paired t-test. Percentage of DHCWs providing correct or wrong responses to each knowledge statement at baseline and after 7 days were compared using McNemar test. The overall sample consisted of 706 (N) participants, and the DHCW's with no prior knowledge on COVID-19 (N=206) were part of the quasi experiment. Findings from cross-sectional study revealed that knowledge was significantly (p<0.05) related to the qualification level (interns vs auxiliaries vs specialists). However, the difference in the source of information (WHO/CDC vs Journal articles vs MoH) did not demonstrate any effect. Number of participants with correct responses to knowledge questions had significantly (p<0.05) increased after intervention. Also, the overall mean knowledge score (10.74\u00b12.32 vs 12.47\u00b11.68; p<0.001) had increased significantly after the intervention. In conclusion, the basic knowledge on COVID-19 among the DHCW's in Saudi Arabia is acceptable. Timely dissemination of information by the Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia had a positive impact on the COVID-19 knowledge score of the DHCW's."}, {"pmid": 32251626, "pmcid": "PMC7270508", "title": "Impact of school closures for COVID-19 on the US health-care workforce and net mortality: a modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Bayham, Jude", "Fenichel, Eli P"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251626", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is leading to social (physical) distancing policies worldwide, including in the USA. Some of the first actions taken by governments are the closing of schools. The evidence that mandatory school closures reduce the number of cases and, ultimately, mortality comes from experience with influenza or from models that do not include the effect of school closure on the health-care labour force. The potential benefits from school closures need to be weighed against costs of health-care worker absenteeism associated with additional child-care obligations. In this study, we aimed to measure child-care obligations for US health-care workers arising from school closures when these are used as a social distancing measure. We then assessed how important the contribution of health-care workers would have to be in reducing mortality for their absenteeism due to child-care obligations to undo the benefits of school closures in reducing the number of cases. For this modelling analysis, we used data from the monthly releases of the US Current Population Survey to characterise the family structure and probable within-household child-care options of US health-care workers. We accounted for the occupation within the health-care sector, state, and household structure to identify the segments of the health-care workforce that are most exposed to child-care obligations from school closures. We used these estimates to identify the critical level at which the importance of health-care labour supply in increasing the survival probability of a patient with COVID-19 would undo the benefits of school closures and ultimately increase cumulative mortality. Between January, 2018, and January, 2020, the US Current Population Survey included information on more than 3\u00b71 million individuals across 1\u00b73 million households. We found that the US health-care sector has some of the highest child-care obligations in the USA, with 28\u00b78% (95% CI 28\u00b75-29\u00b71) of the health-care workforce needing to provide care for children aged 3-12 years. Assuming non-working adults or a sibling aged 13 years or older can provide child care, 15\u00b70% (14\u00b78-15\u00b72) of the health-care workforce would still be in need of child care during a school closure. We observed substantial variation within the health-care system. We estimated that, combined with reasonable parameters for COVID-19 such as a 15\u00b70% case reduction from school closings and 2\u00b70% baseline mortality rate, a 15\u00b70% decrease in the health-care labour force would need to decrease the survival probability per percent health-care worker lost by 17\u00b76% for a school closure to increase cumulative mortality. Our model estimates that if the infection mortality rate of COVID-19 increases from 2\u00b700% to 2\u00b735% when the health-care workforce declines by 15\u00b70%, school closures could lead to a greater number of deaths than they prevent. School closures come with many trade-offs, and can create unintended child-care obligations. Our results suggest that the potential contagion prevention from school closures needs to be carefully weighted with the potential loss of health-care workers from the standpoint of reducing cumulative mortality due to COVID-19, in the absence of mitigating measures. None."}, {"pmid": 32492721, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Role of Human Saliva as a Testing Biofluid in Point-of-Care Technology.", "journal": "Eur J Dent", "authors": ["Hamid, Hiba", "Khurshid, Zohaib", "Adanir, Necdet", "Zafar, Muhammad S", "Zohaib, Sana"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492721", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has termed as a controllable pandemic, and the entire world has come to a standstill trying to mitigate the disease with health systems. Health care providers, around the globe, are fighting day and night. Currently, rapid testing is taking place with the help of nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal swab, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, urine, and blood. All these approaches are invasive or embarrassing to the infected person. It is observed that salivary glands are hosting severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and the detection of high viral loads in the saliva and is playing a crucial role in virus transmission, especially from individuals showing absolutely no symptoms. Saliva is proving to be a promising noninvasive sample specimen for the diagnosis of COVID-19, thus helping to monitor the infection and prevent it from further spreading by prompt isolation."}, {"pmid": 32299663, "pmcid": "PMC7271288", "title": "[Covid-19 epidemic: guidelines issued by the French society of oncology radiotherapy (SFRO) for oncology radiotherapy professionals].", "journal": "Cancer Radiother", "authors": ["Giraud, P", "Monpetit, E", "Lisbona, A", "Chargari, C", "Marchesi, V", "Dieudonne, A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299663", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392623, "title": "Time to Leverage Health System Collaborations: Supporting Nursing Facilities Through the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Unroe, Kathleen T", "Vest, Joshua"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468508, "title": "Plasma from donors recovered from the new Coronavirus 2019 as therapy for critical patients with COVID-19 (COVID-19 plasma study): a multicentre study protocol.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Perotti, Cesare", "Del Fante, Claudia", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Franchini, Massimo", "Percivalle, Elena", "Vecchio Nepita, Edoardo", "Seminari, Elena", "De Silvestri, Annalisa", "Bruno, Raffele", "Klersy, Catherine"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468508", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the end of 2019, a new coronavirus strain has been reported in the Chinese province of Wuhan, indicated as 2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2. In February 2020, the first case of transmission on Italian soil was reported. On March 09, 2020, at the time of protocol design, the Italian Ministry of Health reported 10,149 people who had contracted the virus; of these, 8514 were positive, of which 5038 were hospitalized with symptoms (59.2%) and 877 in intensive care (10.3%), while the remaining 2599 were in home isolation; 631 were deceased (6.2%) and 1004 healed (9.9%). To date there are no studies in the literature that demonstrate its feasibility and efficacy in the context of the worldwide SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Based upon the little existing evidence, we planned to assess the efficacy of the infusion of hyperimmune plasma in COVID-19 patients in a one-arm proof-of-concept clinical trial. The primary objective of our study is to evaluate the efficacy of the administration of plasma taken from convalescent donors of COVID-19 to critically ill patients with COVID-19 in terms of their survival. Death from any cause will be considered. The main limit of this study is its one-arm proof-of-concept design with only 43 patients enrolled. However, in the absence of previous evidence, larger and/or randomized trials did not appear to be ethically acceptable. Moreover, the results from this study, if encouraging, will allow us to plan further informed large clinical trials. Trial registration: NCT04321421 March 23, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32317806, "pmcid": "PMC7172384", "title": "Carpal Fracture and COVID-19 Infection: Observation from Thailand.", "journal": "Indian J Orthop", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317806", "countries": ["Thailand"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326853, "title": "Drawing on Kinship Care Support for Older People during a Pandemic (COVID-19): Practice Considerations for Social Workers in Ghana.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Cudjoe, Ebenezer", "Abdullah, Alhassan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326853", "countries": ["Ghana"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Undoubtedly, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has brought both systemic, practice changes and limitations to social workers' commitment to the welfare of vulnerable populations such as older people. A golden preventive rule of the COVID-19 pandemic; maintaining physical and social distancing, has limited social workers' direct practice support for older people who are considered as an at-risk population. Within jurisdictions such as Ghana where kinship care practices are culturally engrained, social workers should promote kinship care support as substitute mechanisms and pathways to safeguard or meet the welfare needs of older people."}, {"pmid": 32497521, "pmcid": "PMC7263818", "title": "Acute myocardial injury: a novel clinical pattern in children with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Wolfler, Andrea", "Mannarino, Savina", "Giacomet, Vania", "Camporesi, Anna", "Zuccotti, Gianvincenzo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497521", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336833, "pmcid": "PMC7170581", "title": "Information about the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Radiol Bras", "authors": ["Lima, Claudio Marcio Amaral de Oliveira"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336833", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247695, "pmcid": "PMC7270273", "title": "Uneventful course in IBD patients during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in northern Italy.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Norsa, Lorenzo", "Indriolo, Amedeo", "Sansotta, Naire", "Cosimo, Paola", "Greco, Salvatore", "D'Antiga, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247695", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277180, "title": "Coronavirus and analgesics.", "journal": "Br Dent J", "authors": ["Skoglund, L A", "Vigen, E C", "Coulthard, P"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277180", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362295, "pmcid": "PMC7256216", "title": "Psychiatry and COVID-19: putting our best foot forward.", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Strous, Rael D", "Gold, Azgad"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362295", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 presents new challenges for psychiatry as clinical management, ethical dilemmas and administrative complications need to be addressed. The psychiatrist should protect the needs and rights of the mentally ill while maximising population health and ensuring solidarity, reciprocity and community well-being for all."}, {"pmid": 32146445, "title": "Similarity in Case Fatality Rates (CFR) of COVID-19/SARS-COV-2 in Italy and China.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Porcheddu, Rossella", "Serra, Caterina", "Kelvin, David", "Kelvin, Nikki", "Rubino, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32146445", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of 28 February 2020, Italy had 888 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections, with most cases in Northern Italy in the Lombardia and Veneto regions. Travel-related cases were the main source of COVID-19 cases during the early stages of the current epidemic in Italy. The month of February, however, has been dominated by two large clusters of outbreaks in Northern Italy, south of Milan, with mainly local transmission the source of infections. Contact tracing has failed to identify patient zero in one of the outbreaks. As of 28 February 2020, twenty-one cases of COVID-19 have died. Comparison between case fatality rates in China and Italy are identical at 2.3. Additionally, deaths are similar in both countries with fatalities in mostly the elderly with known comorbidities. It will be important to develop point-of-care devices to aid clinicians in stratifying elderly patients as early as possible to determine the potential level of care they will require to improve their chances of survival from COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32443828, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Telephone Triage before Attending Medical Office: Problem or Opportunity?", "journal": "Medicina (Kaunas)", "authors": ["Cervino, Gabriele", "Oteri, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443828", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 emergency, the medical operating protocols have been largely modified for reducing any type of contamination risk, for working in a safe way and for making the patient feel in a safe environment. Telemedicine, smart phones and apps could represent important devices for the community, in order to prevent virus trasmission and to perform quick diagnosis and management at medical offices. This manuscript could be useful for clinicians with regard to the current state of the effectiveness of the telephone triage in this COVID-19 epidemic period. Therefore, it could be an important starting point for future perspectives about telemedicine and virtual patient management."}, {"pmid": 32425705, "pmcid": "PMC7229741", "title": "Pooled Prevalence of Diarrhea among COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Villamizar-Pena, Rhuvi", "Gutierrez-Ocampo, Estefania", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425705", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297995, "pmcid": "PMC7262117", "title": "High IL-6/IFN-gamma ratio could be associated with severe disease in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lagunas-Rangel, Francisco Alejandro", "Chavez-Valencia, Venice"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297995", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358884, "pmcid": "PMC7267161", "title": "Alcohol use in times of the COVID 19: Implications for monitoring and policy.", "journal": "Drug Alcohol Rev", "authors": ["Rehm, Jurgen", "Kilian, Carolin", "Ferreira-Borges, Carina", "Jernigan, David", "Monteiro, Maristela", "Parry, Charles D H", "Sanchez, Zila M", "Manthey, Jakob"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358884", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on a literature search undertaken to determine the impacts of past public health crises, and a systematic review of the effects of past economic crises on alcohol consumption, two main scenarios-with opposite predictions regarding the impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic on the level and patterns of alcohol consumption-are introduced. The first scenario predicts an increase in consumption for some populations, particularly men, due to distress experienced as a result of the pandemic. A second scenario predicts the opposite outcome, a lowered level of consumption, based on the decreased physical and financial availability of alcohol. With the current restrictions on alcohol availability, it is postulated that, for the immediate future, the predominant scenario will likely be the second, while the distress experienced in the first may become more relevant in the medium- and longer-term future. Monitoring consumption levels both during and after the COVID-19 pandemic will be necessary to better understand the effects of COVID-19 on different groups, as well as to distinguish them from those arising from existing alcohol control policies."}, {"pmid": 32378293, "pmcid": "PMC7267429", "title": "Update on COVID-19 Effects in Dermatology Specialty.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Goldust, Mohamad", "Kroumpouzos, George", "Murrell, Dedee F", "Rudnicka, Lidia", "Das, Anupam", "Lotti, Torello", "Navarini, Alexander A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287798, "pmcid": "PMC7130662", "title": "Will heat kill the coronavirus?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Le Page, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287798", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We don't know if changing seasons will help stem the outbreak, says Michael Le Page."}, {"pmid": 32512688, "title": "A Cohort of Patients with COVID-19 in a Major Teaching Hospital in Europe.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Borobia, Alberto M", "Carcas, Antonio J", "Arnalich, Francisco", "Alvarez-Sala, Rodolfo", "Monserrat-Villatoro, Jaime", "Quintana, Manuel", "Figueira, Juan Carlos", "Torres Santos-Olmo, Rosario M", "Garcia-Rodriguez, Julio", "Martin-Vega, Alberto", "Buno, Antonio", "Ramirez, Elena", "Martinez-Ales, Gonzalo", "Garcia-Arenzana, Nicolas", "Nunez, M Concepcion", "Marti-de-Gracia, Milagros", "Moreno Ramos, Francisco", "Reinoso-Barbero, Francisco", "Martin-Quiros, Alejandro", "Rivera Nunez, Angelica", "Mingorance, Jesus", "Carpio Segura, Carlos J", "Prieto Arribas, Daniel", "Rey Cuevas, Esther", "Prados Sanchez, Concepcion", "Rios, Juan J", "Hernan, Miguel A", "Frias, Jesus", "Arribas, Jose R", "On Behalf Of The Covid Hulp Working Group"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512688", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the confirmation of the first patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Spain in January 2020, the epidemic has grown rapidly, with the greatest impact on the region of Madrid. This article describes the first 2226 adult patients with COVID-19, consecutively admitted to La Paz University Hospital in Madrid. Our cohort included all patients consecutively hospitalized who had a final outcome (death or discharge) in a 1286-bed hospital of Madrid (Spain) from 25 February (first case admitted) to 19 April 2020. The data were manually entered into an electronic case report form, which was monitored prior to the analysis. We consecutively included 2226 adult patients admitted to the hospital who either died (460) or were discharged (1766). The patients' median age was 61 years, and 51.8% were women. The most common comorbidity was arterial hypertension (41.3%), and the most common symptom on admission was fever (71.2%). The median time from disease onset to hospital admission was 6 days. The overall mortality was 20.7% and was higher in men (26.6% vs. 15.1%). Seventy-five patients with a final outcome were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) (3.4%). Most patients admitted to the ICU were men, and the median age was 64 years. Baseline laboratory values on admission were consistent with an impaired immune-inflammatory profile. We provide a description of the first large cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Europe. Advanced age, male sex, the presence of comorbidities and abnormal laboratory values were more common among the patients with fatal outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32500432, "pmcid": "PMC7271141", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the colorectal cancer prevention.", "journal": "Int J Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Del Vecchio Blanco, Giovanna", "Calabrese, Emma", "Biancone, Livia", "Monteleone, Giovanni", "Paoluzi, Omero Alessandro"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a policy of severe restrictions in almost all countries strongly involved by the pandemic. National Health System is among activities suffering from the COVID-19 and the lockdown. To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 in colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention. We report the change in the hospital organization to meet the growing healthcare needs determined by COVID-19. The limitations of CRC prevention secondary to COVID-19 and their effects on the healthcare are analyzed considering the features of the CRC screening programs in the average-risk population and endoscopic surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The interruption of CRC prevention may lead to a delayed diagnosis of CRC, possibly in a more advanced stage. The economic burden and the impact on workload for gastroenterologists, surgeons, and oncologists will be greater as long as the CRC prevention remains suspended. To respond to the increased demand for colonoscopy once COVID-19 will be under control, we should optimize the resources. It will be necessary to stratify the CRC risk and reach an order of priority. It should be implemented the number of health workers, equipment, and spaces dedicated to performing colonoscopy for screening purpose and in subjects with alarm symptoms in the shortest time. To this aim, the funds earmarked for healthcare should be increased. The economic impact will be dramatic, but COVID-19 is the demonstration that healthcare has to be the primary goal of humans."}, {"pmid": 32456346, "title": "Evaluating Transmission Heterogeneity and Super-Spreading Event of COVID-19 in a Metropolis of China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Zhang, Yunjun", "Li, Yuying", "Wang, Lu", "Li, Mingyuan", "Zhou, Xiaohua"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456346", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 caused rapid mass infection worldwide. Understanding its transmission characteristics, including heterogeneity and the emergence of super spreading events (SSEs) where certain individuals infect large numbers of secondary cases, is of vital importance for prediction and intervention of future epidemics. Here, we collected information of all infected cases (135 cases) between 21 January and 26 February 2020 from official public sources in Tianjin, a metropolis of China, and grouped them into 43 transmission chains with the largest chain of 45 cases and the longest chain of four generations. Utilizing a heterogeneous transmission model based on branching process along with a negative binomial offspring distribution, we estimated the reproductive number R and the dispersion parameter k (lower value indicating higher heterogeneity) to be 0.67 (95% CI: 0.54-0.84) and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.13-0.88), respectively. A super-spreader causing six infections was identified in Tianjin. In addition, our simulation allowing for heterogeneity showed that the outbreak in Tianjin would have caused 165 infections and sustained for 7.56 generations on average if no control measures had been taken by local government since 28 January. Our results highlighted more efforts are needed to verify the transmission heterogeneity of COVID-19 in other populations and its contributing factors."}, {"pmid": 32371988, "pmcid": "PMC7199203", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: the effects of quarantine on cardiovascular risk.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Mattioli, Anna Vittoria", "Ballerini Puviani, Matteo", "Nasi, Milena", "Farinetti, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371988", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is causing a global pandemic with a high number of deaths and infected people. To contain the diffusion of COVID-19 virus, Governments have enforced restrictions on outdoor activities or even collective quarantine on the population. One important consequence of quarantine is a change in lifestyle: reduced physical activity and unhealthy diet. 2019 guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease indicate that \"Adults should engage in at least 150\u2009minute per week of accumulated moderate-intensity or 75\u2009minute per week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity (or an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous activity) to reduce ASCVD risk.\" During quarantine, strategies to further increase home-based physical activity and to follow a healthy diet should be implemented. Quarantine carries some long-term effects on cardiovascular disease, mainly related to unhealthy lifestyle and anxiety. Following quarantine a global action supporting healthy diet and physical activity is mandatory to encourage people to return to good lifestyle."}, {"pmid": 32450193, "pmcid": "PMC7242924", "title": "Symptom-based screening for COVID-19 in health care workers: The importance of fever.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Yombi, Jean Cyr", "De Greef, Julien", "Marsin, Anne-Sophie", "Simon, Anne", "Rodriguez-Villalobos, Hector", "Penaloza, Andrea", "Belkhir, Leila"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450193", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198191, "title": "Autopsy in suspected COVID-19 cases.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Hanley, Brian", "Lucas, Sebastian B", "Youd, Esther", "Swift, Benjamin", "Osborn, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198191", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan, China has now spread to many countries across the world including the UK with an increasing death toll. This will inevitably lead to an increase in the number of suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related deaths at autopsy. The Royal College of Pathologists has responded to this concern with the release of a briefing on autopsy practice relating to COVID-19. The following article is a summary and interpretation of these guidelines. It includes a description of hazard group 3 organisms, the category to which SARS-CoV-2 has been assigned, a brief description of what is currently known about the pathological and autopsy findings in COVID-19, a summary of the recommendations for conducting autopsies in suspected COVID-19 cases and the techniques for making the diagnosis at autopsy. It concludes by considering the clinicopathological correlation and notification of such cases."}, {"pmid": 32450416, "pmcid": "PMC7236729", "title": "University students' mental health amidst the COVID-19 quarantine in Greece.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Kaparounaki, Chrysi K", "Patsali, Mikaella E", "Mousa, Danai-Priskila V", "Papadopoulou, Eleni V K", "Papadopoulou, Konstantina K K", "Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450416", "countries": ["Greece"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 hit also Greece but due to early measures and their exceptional success, the death toll is one of the lowest in the world. Here we report the results from the analysis of the responses to an online survey, from the first 1000 university students, concerning the impact of the lockdown on their mental health. Overall, there was a 'horizontal' increase in scores; 42.5% for anxiety, 74.3% for depression, and 63.3% increase in total suicidal thoughts. Quantity of sleep increased in 66.3% but quality worsened in 43.0%. Quality of life worsened in 57.0% (same in 27.9%). There was a 25-3 fold increase in possible clinical cases of depression and an almost 8-fold increase in suicidal thoughts. Almost a third accept and one fifth are open to conspiracy theories concerning COVID-19. To our knowledge this is the first study reporting data concerning the impact of lockdown and quarantine on the mental health of university students. While the acute impact seems clear, the long-term consequences are unknown and although suicidal thoughts have risen substantially, it seems unlikely this will result in deaths. However, the results constitute a clear message that vulnerable populations are at a need for specific interventions concerning their mental health issues."}, {"pmid": 32375190, "title": "Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage as a strategy to overcome shortage of operating rooms and intensive care unit beds during Covid-19 crisis.", "journal": "Endoscopy", "authors": ["Lisotti, Andrea", "Bacchilega, Igor", "Linguerri, Romano", "Fusaroli, Pietro"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375190", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405517, "pmcid": "PMC7217636", "title": "Starting ADHD medications during the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations from the European ADHD Guidelines Group.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Cortese, Samuele", "Coghill, David", "Santosh, Paramala", "Hollis, Chris", "Simonoff, Emily"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405517", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517963, "title": "Prevalence and Impact of Myocardial Injury in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Lala, Anuradha", "Johnson, Kipp W", "Januzzi, James L", "Russak, Adam J", "Paranjpe, Ishan", "Richter, Felix", "Zhao, Shan", "Somani, Sulaiman", "Van Vleck, Tielman", "Vaid, Akhil", "Chaudhry, Fayzan", "De Freitas, Jessica K", "Fayad, Zahi A", "Pinney, Sean P", "Levin, Matthew", "Charney, Alexander", "Bagiella, Emilia", "Narula, Jagat", "Glicksberg, Benjamin S", "Nadkarni, Girish", "Mancini, Donna M", "Fuster, Valentin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517963", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The degree of myocardial injury, as reflected by troponin elevation, and associated outcomes among US hospitalized patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are unknown. To describe the degree of myocardial injury and associated outcomes in a large hospitalized cohort with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 admitted to one of five Mount Sinai Health System hospitals in New York City between February 27th and April 12th, 2020 with troponin-I (normal value <0.03ng/mL) measured within 24 hours of admission were included (n=2,736). Demographics, medical history, admission labs, and outcomes were captured from the hospitals' EHR. The median age was 66.4 years, with 59.6% men. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) including coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure, was more prevalent in patients with higher troponin concentrations, as were hypertension and diabetes. A total of 506 (18.5%) patients died during hospitalization. In all, 985 (36%) patients had elevated troponin concentrations. After adjusting for disease severity and relevant clinical factors, even small amounts of myocardial injury (e.g. troponin I 0.03-0.09ng/mL, n=455, 16.6%) were significantly associated with death (adjusted HR: 1.75, 95% CI 1.37-2.24; P<0.001) while greater amounts (e.g. troponin I>0.09 ng/dL, n=530, 19.4%) were significantly associated with higher risk (adjusted HR 3.03, 95% CI 2.42-3.80; P<0.001). Myocardial injury is prevalent among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 however troponin concentrations were generally present at low levels. Patients with CVD are more likely to have myocardial injury than patients without CVD. Troponin elevation among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 is associated with higher risk of mortality."}, {"pmid": 32475238, "title": "COVID-19 and beyond.", "journal": "Bone Joint J", "authors": ["Haddad, Fares S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475238", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32131908, "pmcid": "PMC7137535", "title": "Escalating infection control response to the rapidly evolving epidemiology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in Hong Kong.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Cheng, Vincent C C", "Wong, Shuk-Ching", "Chen, Jonathan H K", "Yip, Cyril C Y", "Chuang, Vivien W M", "Tsang, Owen T Y", "Sridhar, Siddharth", "Chan, Jasper F W", "Ho, Pak-Leung", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32131908", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the infection control preparedness measures undertaken for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 (previously known as 2019 novel coronavirus) in the first 42 days after announcement of a cluster of pneumonia in China, on December 31, 2019 (day 1) in Hong Kong. A bundled approach of active and enhanced laboratory surveillance, early airborne infection isolation, rapid molecular diagnostic testing, and contact tracing for healthcare workers (HCWs) with unprotected exposure in the hospitals was implemented. Epidemiological characteristics of confirmed cases, environmental samples, and air samples were collected and analyzed. From day 1 to day 42, 42 of 1,275 patients (3.3%) fulfilling active (n = 29) and enhanced laboratory surveillance (n = 13) were confirmed to have the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The number of locally acquired case significantly increased from 1 of 13 confirmed cases (7.7%, day 22 to day 32) to 27 of 29 confirmed cases (93.1%, day 33 to day 42; P < .001). Among them, 28 patients (66.6%) came from 8 family clusters. Of 413 HCWs caring for these confirmed cases, 11 (2.7%) had unprotected exposure requiring quarantine for 14 days. None of these was infected, and nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was not observed. Environmental surveillance was performed in the room of a patient with viral load of 3.3 \u00d7 106 copies/mL (pooled nasopharyngeal and throat swabs) and 5.9 \u00d7 106 copies/mL (saliva), respectively. SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 1 of 13 environmental samples (7.7%) but not in 8 air samples collected at a distance of 10 cm from the patient's chin with or without wearing a surgical mask. Appropriate hospital infection control measures was able to prevent nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32353120, "pmcid": "PMC7197541", "title": "Does Cigarette Smoking Protect Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection?", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Propper, Ruth E"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353120", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524164, "title": "Recommendations of protective measures for orthopedic surgeons during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "authors": ["Wang, Yulong", "Zeng, Lian", "Yao, Sheng", "Zhu, Fengzhao", "Liu, Chaozong", "Di Laura, Anna", "Henckel, Johann", "Shao, Zengwu", "Hirschmann, Michael T", "Hart, Alister", "Guo, Xiaodong"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524164", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It was the primary purpose of the present systematic review to identify the optimal protection measures during COVID-19 pandemic and provide guidance of protective measures for orthopedic surgeons. The secondary purpose was to report the protection experience of an orthopedic trauma center in Wuhan, China during the pandemic. A systematic search of the PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Google Scholar was performed for studies about COVID-19, fracture, trauma, orthopedic, healthcare workers, protection, telemedicine. The appropriate protective measures for orthopedic surgeons and patients were reviewed (on-site first aid, emergency room, operating room, isolation wards, general ward, etc.) during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients. Eighteen studies were included, and most studies (13/18) emphasized that orthopedic surgeons should pay attention to prevent cross-infection. Only four studies have reported in detail how orthopedic surgeons should be protected during surgery in the operating room. No detailed studies on multidisciplinary cooperation, strict protection, protection training, indications of emergency surgery, first aid on-site and protection in orthopedic wards were found. Strict protection at every step in the patient pathway is important to reduce the risk of cross-infection. Lessons learnt from our experience provide some recommendations of protective measures during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients and help others to manage orthopedic patients with COVID-19, to reduce the risk of cross-infection between patients and to protect healthcare workers during work. IV."}, {"pmid": 32531808, "title": "Impact of disease on plasma and lung exposure of chloroquine, hydroxy-chloroquine and azithromycin: application of PBPK modelling.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Rowland Yeo, Karen", "Zhang, Mian", "Pan, Xian", "Ban Ke, Alice", "Jones, Hannah M", "Wesche, David", "Almond, Lisa M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531808", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We use a mechanistic lung model to demonstrate that accumulation of chloroquine (CQ), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZ) in the lungs is sensitive to changes in lung pH, a parameter that can be affected in patients with COVID-19. A reduction in pH from 6.7 to 6 in the lung, as observed in respiratory disease, led to 20-, 4.0- and 2.7-fold increases in lung exposure of CQ, HCQ and AZ, respectively. Simulations indicated that the relatively high concentrations of CQ and HCQ in lung tissue were sustained long after administration of the drugs had stopped. Patients with COVID-19 often present with kidney failure. Our simulations indicate that renal impairment (plus lung pH reduction) caused 30-, 8.0- and 3.4-fold increases in lung exposures for CQ, HCQ and AZ, respectively, with relatively small accompanying increases (20 to 30%) in systemic exposure. Although a number of different dosage regimens were assessed, the purpose of our study was not to provide recommendations for a dosing strategy, but to demonstrate the utility of a PBPK modelling approach to estimate lung concentrations. This, used in conjunction with robust in vitro and clinical data, can help in the assessment of COVID-19 therapeutics going forward."}, {"pmid": 32470634, "pmcid": "PMC7205669", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic-Some cardiovascular considerations from the trench.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Cortese, Bernardo"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470634", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353519, "pmcid": "PMC7185020", "title": "Characteristics and challenges of psychological first aid in China during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Yang, Jianzhong", "Tong, Jun", "Meng, Fu", "Feng, Qiang", "Ma, Hong", "Shi, Chuan", "Yuan, Jing", "Yang, Shuran", "Liu, Liang", "Xu, Li", "Xi, YingJun", "Li, Wentian", "Rohlof, Hans", "Zhao, Xudong", "Kang, Chuanyuan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353519", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441844, "title": "Involvement of ADAMTS13 and von Willebrand factor in thromboembolic events in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Lab Hematol", "authors": ["Huisman, Albert", "Beun, Robert", "Sikma, Maaike", "Westerink, Jan", "Kusadasi, Nuray"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441844", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329246, "pmcid": "PMC7264738", "title": "Fibrinolytic abnormalities in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and versatility of thrombolytic drugs to treat COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Whyte, Claire S", "Morrow, Gael B", "Mitchell, Joanne L", "Chowdary, Pratima", "Mutch, Nicola J"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329246", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which requires ventilation in critically ill patients. The pathophysiology of ARDS results from acute inflammation within the alveolar space and prevention of normal gas exchange. The increase in proinflammatory cytokines within the lung leads to recruitment of leukocytes, further propagating the local inflammatory response. A consistent finding in ARDS is the deposition of fibrin in the air spaces and lung parenchyma. COVID-19 patients show elevated D-dimers and fibrinogen. Fibrin deposits are found in the lungs of patients due to the dysregulation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. Tissue factor (TF) is exposed on damaged alveolar endothelial cells and on the surface of leukocytes promoting fibrin deposition, while significantly elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) from lung epithelium and endothelial cells create a hypofibrinolytic state. Prophylaxis treatment of COVID-19 patients with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is important to limit coagulopathy. However, to degrade pre-existing fibrin in the lung it is essential to promote local fibrinolysis. In this review, we discuss the repurposing of fibrinolytic drugs, namely tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), to treat COVID-19 associated ARDS. tPA is an approved intravenous thrombolytic treatment, and the nebulizer form has been shown to be effective in plastic bronchitis and is currently in Phase II clinical trial. Nebulizer plasminogen activators may provide a targeted approach in COVID-19 patients to degrade fibrin and improving oxygenation in critically ill patients."}, {"pmid": 32363409, "pmcid": "PMC7196178", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 spread in Northern Italy: what about the pollution role?", "journal": "Environ Monit Assess", "authors": ["Sciomer, Susanna", "Moscucci, Federica", "Magri, Damiano", "Badagliacca, Roberto", "Piccirillo, Gianfranco", "Agostoni, Piergiuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363409", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent epidemic of the new SARS-CoV-2 in the northern regions of Italy is putting the organization of the Italian health system under serious attack. The current emergency requires all possible efforts to stem the spread of the virus. In this context, it is clear that we have the urgent need to rely upon etiopathogenetic data, in order to do all possible efforts to block the epidemic. However, observing the trend of the infections in China and the geographic areas of the main outbreaks, it could be hypothesized that air pollution plays a role. In particular, it has been previously demonstrated, in specific populations, a role of particulate matter in worsening clinical presentation of virus infection in airways. Without prejudice to the ascertained virus spread by air droplets or contaminated surfaces, the factors that could have favored its spread remain to be investigated. Moreover, if these observations were to be confirmed, when the health emergency is resolved, it will be mandatory to redesign an economic-productive model in balance with the environment."}, {"pmid": 32456441, "title": "Adapting to a new reality: COVID-19 coronavirus and online education in the health professions.", "journal": "Rural Remote Health", "authors": ["Seymour-Walsh, Amy E", "Bell, Andy", "Weber, Anthony", "Smith, Tony"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456441", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has effected a significant change in the way industry-based and tertiary health professions education (HPE) can occur. Advice for strict, widespread social distancing has catalysed the transformation of course delivery into fully online design across nations. This is problematic for HPE, which has traditionally relied on face-to-face learner interaction, in the form of skills laboratories, simulation training and industry-based clinical placements. The transition to online-only course delivery has brought with it a need to address particular issues regarding the construction and delivery of quality curricula and education activities. It is in this context that regional, rural and remote health professionals and academics can provide invaluable insights into the use of technology to overcome the tyranny of distance, promote high-quality online HPE and enable the ongoing development of communities of practice. This article is the first in a series addressing the risks and opportunities in the current transition to online HPE, providing practical solutions for educators who are now unable to embrace more traditional face-to-face HPE delivery methods and activities."}, {"pmid": 32277751, "title": "Presentation of new onset anosmia during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rhinology", "authors": ["Hopkins, C", "Surda, P", "Kumar, N"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277751", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Anosmia has not been formally recognised as a symptom of COVID-19 infection. Growing anecdotal evidence suggests increasing incidence of cases of anosmia during the current pandemic, suggesting that COVID-19 may cause olfactory dysfunction. The objective was to characterise patients reporting new onset anosmia during the COVID-19 pandemic METHODOLOGY: Design: Survey of 2428 patients reporting new onset anosmia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Volunteer sample of patients seeking medical advice of recent onset self-diagnosed loss of sense of smell RESULTS: 2428 surveys were completed within 7 days; 64% respondents were under 40. The majority of respondents reported onset of their anosmia in the last week. Of the cohort, 17% did not report any other symptom thought to be associated with COVID-19. In patients who reported other symptoms, 51% reported either cough or fever and therefore met current guidelines for self-isolation. Anosmia is reported in conjunction with well-reported symptoms of coronas virus, but 1 in 6 patients with recent onset anosmia report this as an isolated symptom. This might help identify otherwise asymptomatic carriers of disease and trigger targeted testing. Further study with COVID-19 testing is required to identify the proportion of patients in whom new onset anosmia can be attributed to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32445201, "title": "SARS-CoV-2-associated Guillain-Barre syndrome with dysautonomia.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Su, Xiaowei W", "Palka, Sydney V", "Rao, Rahul R", "Chen, Fred S", "Brackney, Christopher R", "Cambi, Franca"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445201", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516447, "title": "Biologic agents in psoriasis: our experience during coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Strippoli, Davide", "Barbagallo, Tania", "Prestinari, Francesca", "Russo, Giuseppe", "Fantini, Fabrizio"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516447", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213507, "title": "Covid-19: a remote assessment in primary care.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Greenhalgh, Trisha", "Koh, Gerald Choon Huat", "Car, Josip"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213507", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336519, "pmcid": "PMC7194689", "title": "Implications for the use of telehealth in surgical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Hakim, Abraham A", "Kellish, Alec S", "Atabek, Umur", "Spitz, Francis R", "Hong, Young K"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336519", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has brought rapid changes to the way care must be delivered to keep patients and providers safe while simultaneously managing limited resources. Multiple fields have used telemedicine to continue care while maintaining social distancing and quarantine practices in the pandemic. Presented in this paper is a review describing the application of telemedicine in caring for surgical patients, and methods for potential implications of telehealthcare for surgical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of the PubMed Central and Medline provides articles examining the role of telemedicine for preoperative, postoperative, and follow up evaluation of surgical patients encompassing the past two decades. Additionally, articles examining the financial and legal considerations of telemedicine, and the effect COVID-19 has had on the current legislature were included. We report the summarized findings of these studies, the financial and HIPAA considerations of using telemedicine, potential benefits, pitfalls and strategies for the utilization of telemedicine into the clinical practice of general surgery and its subspecialties during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32291112, "pmcid": "PMC7144665", "title": "Ongoing Clinical Trials for the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Trends Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Lythgoe, Mark P", "Middleton, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291112", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has rapidly developed into a worldwide pandemic with a significant health and economic burden. There are currently no approved treatments or preventative therapeutic strategies. Hundreds of clinical studies have been registered with the intention of discovering effective treatments. Here, we review currently registered interventional clinical trials for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 to provide an overall summary and insight into the global response."}, {"pmid": 32400870, "pmcid": "PMC7239133", "title": "COVID-19: Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Skills to Deploy during the Surge.", "journal": "Int J Qual Health Care", "authors": ["Staines, Anthony", "Amalberti, Rene", "Berwick, Donald M", "Braithwaite, Jeffrey", "Lachman, Peter", "Vincent, Charles A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400870", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469132, "title": "Deceases in Acute Heart Failure Hospitalizations during COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Cox, Zachary L", "Lai, Pikki", "Lindenfeld, JoAnn"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469132", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361561, "pmcid": "PMC7195370", "title": "Two simple comments regarding coronavirus.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Gluskin, Emanuel"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361561", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Two thought provoking comments related to understanding the problems with the coronavirus are presented."}, {"pmid": 32461415, "title": "Tele-consultations and electronic medical records driven remote patient care: Responding to the COVID-19 lockdown in India.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Das, Anthony V", "Rani, Padmaja K", "Vaddavalli, Pravin K"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461415", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the experience of tele-consultations addressed at the centre of excellence of a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India during the ongoing novel coronavirus (COVID-19) lockdown. This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 7,008 tele-consultations presenting between March 23rd and April 19th 2020. A three-level protocol was implemented to triage the calls. The data of patient queries were collected using a Google Form/Sheets and the tele-calls were returned using the patient information retrieved from the electronic medical record system. Overall, 7,008 tele-calls were addressed, of which 2,805 (40.02%) patients where a clinical-related query was answered were included for analysis. The most common queries were related to redness/pain/watering/blurring of vision (31.52%), closely followed by usage of medications (31.05%). The majority of the queries were directed to the department of cornea (34.15%), followed by retina (24.74%). Less than one-fifth of the patients were from the lower socio-economic class (16.08%) and one-fourth were new patients (23.96%). The most common advice given to the patient was related to management of medications (54.15%) followed by appointment related (17.79%). Emergency requests requiring further evaluation by an ophthalmologist accounted for a small percentage (16.36%) of patients. Tracking of tele-consultations and access to patient information from the electronic medical records enabled a timely response in an ongoing lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The current experience provided valuable insights to the possibility of managing patient follow-up visits remotely in the future."}, {"pmid": 32391603, "pmcid": "PMC7267501", "title": "Medical information and social media in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Mulrennan, Siobhain", "Colt, Henri"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391603", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374886, "title": "icumonitoring.ch: a platform for short-term forecasting of intensive care unit occupancy during the COVID-19 epidemic in Switzerland.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Zhao, Cheng", "Tepekule, Burcu", "Criscuolo, Nicola G", "Wendel Garcia, Pedro D", "Hilty, Matthias P", "Risc-Icu Consortium Investigators In Switzerland", "Fumeaux, Thierry", "Van Boeckel, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374886", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Switzerland, the COVID-19 epidemic is progressively slowing down owing to &ldquo;social distancing&rdquo; measures introduced by the Federal Council on 16 March 2020. However, the gradual ease of these measures may initiate a second epidemic wave, the length and intensity of which are difficult to anticipate. In this context, hospitals must prepare for a potential increase in intensive care unit (ICU) admissions of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Here, we introduce icumonitoring.ch, a platform providing hospital-level projections for ICU occupancy. We combined current data on the number of beds and ventilators with canton-level projections of COVID-19 cases from two S-E-I-R models. We disaggregated epidemic projection in each hospital in Switzerland for the number of COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations, hospitalisations in ICU, and ventilators in use. The platform is updated every 3-4 days and can incorporate projections from other modelling teams to inform decision makers with a range of epidemic scenarios for future hospital occupancy."}, {"pmid": 32222956, "pmcid": "PMC7103097", "title": "Prevalence and impact of diabetes among people infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Fadini, G P", "Morieri, M L", "Longato, E", "Avogaro, A"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222956", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371442, "title": "Children are not COVID-19 super spreaders: time to go back to school.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Munro, Alasdair P S", "Faust, Saul N"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371442", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506725, "title": "Dengue Fever, COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), and Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE): A Perspective.", "journal": "Cytometry A", "authors": ["Ulrich, Henning", "Pillat, Micheli M", "Tarnok, Attila"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506725", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and recurrent dengue epidemics in tropical countries have turned into a global health threat. While both virus-caused infections may only reveal light symptoms, they can also cause severe diseases. Here, we review the possible antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) occurrence, known for dengue infections, when there is a second infection with a different virus strain. Consequently, preexisting antibodies do not neutralize infection, but enhance it, possibly by triggering Fc\u03b3 receptor-mediated virus uptake. No clinical data exist indicating such mechanism for SARS-CoV-2, but previous coronavirus infections or infection of SARS-CoV-2 convalescent with different SARS-CoV-2 strains could promote ADE, as experimentally shown for antibodies against the MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV spike S protein. \u00a9 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry."}, {"pmid": 32239472, "pmcid": "PMC7110986", "title": "Proposal of a low-dose, long-pitch, dual-source chest CT protocol on third-generation dual-source CT using a tin filter for spectral shaping at 100 kVp for CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: a feasibility study.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Agostini, Andrea", "Floridi, Chiara", "Borgheresi, Alessandra", "Badaloni, Myriam", "Esposto Pirani, Paolo", "Terilli, Filippo", "Ottaviani, Letizia", "Giovagnoni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239472", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To subjectively and objectively evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic reliability of a low-dose, long-pitch dual-source chest CT protocol on third-generation dual-source CT (DSCT) with spectral shaping at 100Sn\u00a0kVp for COVID-19 patients. Patients with COVID-19 and positive swab-test undergoing to a chest CT on third-generation DSCT were included. The imaging protocol included a dual-energy acquisition (HD-DECT, 90/150Sn\u00a0kVp) and fast, low-dose, long-pitch CT, dual-source scan at 100Sn\u00a0kVp (LDCT). Subjective (Likert Scales) and objective (signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios, SNR and CNR) analyses were performed; radiation dose and acquisition times were recorded. Nonparametric tests were used. The median radiation dose was lower for LDCT than HD-DECT (Effective dose, ED: 0.28\u00a0mSv vs. 3.28\u00a0mSv, p\u2009=\u20090.016). LDCT had median acquisition time of 0.62\u00a0s (vs 2.02\u00a0s, p\u2009=\u20090.016). SNR and CNR were significantly different in several thoracic structures between HD-DECT and LDCT, with exception of lung parenchyma. Qualitative analysis demonstrated significant reduction in motion artifacts (p\u2009=\u20090.031) with comparable diagnostic reliability between HD-DECT and LDCT. Ultra-low-dose, dual-source, fast CT protocol provides highly diagnostic images for COVID-19 with potential for reduction in dose and motion artifacts."}, {"pmid": 32512929, "title": "The Prediction of miRNAs in SARS-CoV-2 Genomes: hsa-miR Databases Identify 7 Key miRs Linked to Host Responses and Virus Pathogenicity-Related KEGG Pathways Significant for Comorbidities.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Arisan, Elif Damla", "Dart, Alwyn", "Grant, Guy H", "Arisan, Serdar", "Cuhadaroglu, Songul", "Lange, Sigrun", "Uysal-Onganer, Pinar"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512929", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the betacoronavirus family, which causes COVID-19 disease. SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity in humans leads to increased mortality rates due to alterations of significant pathways, including some resulting in exacerbated inflammatory responses linked to the \"cytokine storm\" and extensive lung pathology, as well as being linked to a number of comorbidities. Our current study compared five SARS-CoV-2 sequences from different geographical regions to those from SARS, MERS and two cold viruses, OC43 and 229E, to identify the presence of miR-like sequences. We identified seven key miRs, which highlight considerable differences between the SARS-CoV-2 sequences, compared with the other viruses. The level of conservation between the five SARS-CoV-2 sequences was identical but poor compared with the other sequences, with SARS showing the highest degree of conservation. This decrease in similarity could result in reduced levels of transcriptional control, as well as a change in the physiological effect of the virus and associated host-pathogen responses. MERS and the milder symptom viruses showed greater differences and even significant sequence gaps. This divergence away from the SARS-CoV-2 sequences broadly mirrors the phylogenetic relationships obtained from the whole-genome alignments. Therefore, patterns of mutation, occurring during sequence divergence from the longer established human viruses to the more recent ones, may have led to the emergence of sequence motifs that can be related directly to the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, we identified 7 key-microRNAs (miRs 8066, 5197, 3611, 3934-3p, 1307-3p, 3691-3p, 1468-5p) with significant links to KEGG pathways linked to viral pathogenicity and host responses. According to Bioproject data (PRJNA615032), SARS-CoV-2 mediated transcriptomic alterations were similar to the target pathways of the selected 7 miRs identified in our study. This mechanism could have considerable significance in determining the symptom spectrum of future potential pandemics. KEGG pathway analysis revealed a number of critical pathways linked to the seven identified miRs that may provide insight into the interplay between the virus and comorbidities. Based on our reported findings, miRNAs may constitute potential and effective therapeutic approaches in COVID-19 and its pathological consequences."}, {"pmid": 32243815, "pmcid": "PMC7270730", "title": "Estimating case fatality rates of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Spychalski, Piotr", "Blazynska-Spychalska, Agata", "Kobiela, Jarek"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243815", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222162, "pmcid": "PMC7195316", "title": "Estimation of the COVID-19 burden in Egypt through exported case detection.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tuite, Ashleigh R", "Ng, Victoria", "Rees, Erin", "Fisman, David", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Khan, Kamran", "Bogoch, Isaac I"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222162", "countries": ["Egypt"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294823, "title": "[Rapid investigation plan of clinical courses and key diagnosis and treatment equipment requirements for the patients of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294823", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410236, "pmcid": "PMC7273053", "title": "Early trends for SARS-CoV-2 infection in central and north Texas and impact on other circulating respiratory viruses.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Mutnal, Manohar B", "Arroliga, Alejandro C", "Walker, Kimberly", "Mohammad, Amin", "Brigmon, Matthew M", "Beaver, Ryan M", "Midturi, John K", "Rao, Arundhati"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410236", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid diagnosis and isolation are key to containing the quick spread of a pandemic agent like severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has spread globally since its initial outbreak in Wuhan province in China. SARS-CoV-2 is novel and the effect on typically prevalent seasonal viruses is just becoming apparent. We present our initial data on the prevalence of respiratory viruses in the month of March\u00a02020.\u00a0This is a retrospective cohort study post launching of SARS-CoV-2 testing at Baylor Scott and White Hospital (BSWH), Temple, Texas. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 was performed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction\u00a0assay and results were shared with State public health officials for immediate interventions.\u00a0More than 3500 tests were performed during the first 2 weeks of testing for SARS-CoV-2 and identified 168 (4.7%) positive patients. Sixty-two (3.2%) of the 1912 ambulatory patients and 106 (6.3%) of the 1659 emergency department/inpatients tested were positive. The highest rate of infection (6.9%) was seen in patients aged 25 to 34 years, while the lowest rate of infection was seen among patients aged <25 years old (2%). County-specific patient demographic information was shared with respective public health departments for epidemiological interventions.\u00a0Incidentally, this study showed that there was a significant decrease in the occurrence of seasonal respiratory virus infections, perhaps due to increased epidemiological awareness about SARS-CoV-2 among the general public, as well as the social distancing measures implemented in response to SARS-CoV-2. Data extracted for BSWH from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System\u00a0site revealed that Influenza incidence was 8.7% in March 2020, compared with\u00a025% in March 2019.\u00a0This study was intended to provide an initial experience of dealing with a pandemic and the role of laboratories in crisis management. This study provided SARS-CoV-2 testing data from ambulatory and inpatient population. Epidemiological interventions depend on timely availability of accurate diagnostic tests and throughput capacity of such systems during large outbreaks like SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32413276, "pmcid": "PMC7224157", "title": "Identification of Human Single-Domain Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Wu, Yanling", "Li, Cheng", "Xia, Shuai", "Tian, Xiaolong", "Kong, Yu", "Wang, Zhi", "Gu, Chenjian", "Zhang, Rong", "Tu, Chao", "Xie, Youhua", "Yang, Zhenlin", "Lu, Lu", "Jiang, Shibo", "Ying, Tianlei"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413276", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide spread of COVID-19 highlights the need for an efficient approach to rapidly develop therapeutics and prophylactics against SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, containing the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and S1 subunit involved in receptor engagement, is a potential therapeutic target. We describe the development of a phage-displayed single-domain antibody library by grafting naive complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) into framework regions of a human germline immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) allele. Panning this library against SARS-CoV-2 RBD and S1 subunit identified fully human single-domain antibodies targeting five distinct epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 RBD with subnanomolar to low nanomolar affinities. Some of these antibodies neutralize SARS-CoV-2 by targeting a cryptic epitope located in the spike trimeric interface. Collectively, this work presents a versatile platform for rapid antibody isolation and identifies promising therapeutic anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies as well as the diverse immogneic profile of the spike protein."}, {"pmid": 32298218, "title": "Potential for developing a SARS-CoV receptor-binding domain (RBD) recombinant protein as a heterologous human vaccine against coronavirus infectious disease (COVID)-19.", "journal": "Hum Vaccin Immunother", "authors": ["Chen, Wen-Hsiang", "Hotez, Peter J", "Bottazzi, Maria Elena"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298218", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A SARS-CoV receptor-binding domain (RBD) recombinant protein was developed and manufactured under current good manufacturing practices in 2016. The protein, known as RBD219-N1 when formulated on Alhydrogel\u00ae, induced high-level neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity with minimal immunopathology in mice after a homologous virus challenge with SARS-CoV (MA15 strain). We examined published evidence in support of whether the SARS-CoV RBD219-N1 could be repurposed as a heterologous vaccine against Coronavirus Infectious Disease (COVID)-19. Our findings include evidence that convalescent serum from SARS-CoV patients can neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, a review of published studies using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against SARS-CoV RBD and that neutralizes the SARS-CoV virus in vitro finds that some of these mAbs bind to the receptor-binding motif (RBM) within the RBD, while others bind to domains outside this region within RBD. This information is relevant and supports the possibility of developing a heterologous SARS-CoV RBD vaccine against COVID-19, especially due to the finding that the overall high amino acid similarity (82%) between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike and RBD domains is not reflected in RBM amino acid similarity (59%). However, the high sequence similarity (94%) in the region outside of RBM offers the potential of conserved neutralizing epitopes between both viruses."}, {"pmid": 32380708, "title": "Estimation of Unreported Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infections from Reported Deaths: A Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered-Dead Model.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Maugeri, Andrea", "Barchitta, Martina", "Battiato, Sebastiano", "Agodi, Antonella"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380708", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic, examining reported case data could lead to biased speculations and conclusions. Indeed, estimation of unreported infections is crucial for a better understanding of the current emergency in China and in other countries. In this study, we aimed to estimate the unreported number of infections in China prior to the 23 January 2020 restrictions. To do this, we developed a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered-Dead (SEIRD) model that estimated unreported infections from the reported number of deaths. Our approach relied on the fact that observed deaths were less likely to be affected by ascertainment biases than reported infections. Interestingly, we estimated that the basic reproductive number (R0) was 2.43 (95%CI = 2.42-2.44) at the beginning of the epidemic and that 92.9% (95%CI = 92.5%-93.1%) of total cases were not reported. Similarly, the proportion of unreported new infections by day ranged from 52.1% to 100%, with a total of 91.8% (95%CI = 91.6%-92.1%) of infections going unreported. Agreement between our estimates and those from previous studies proves that our approach is reliable for estimating the prevalence and incidence of undocumented SARS-CoV-2 infections. Once it has been tested on Chinese data, our model could be applied to other countries with different surveillance and testing policies."}, {"pmid": 32210385, "title": "COVID-19: protect great apes during human pandemics.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Gillespie, Thomas R", "Leendertz, Fabian H"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210385", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523930, "pmcid": "PMC7279911", "title": "Effectiveness of Tocilizumab in a COVID-19 Patient with Cytokine Release Syndrome.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Uslu, Sadettin"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523930", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a systemic inflammatory response that can be triggered by many factors such as infections. CRS in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is life-threatening and can occur very rapidly after COVID-19 diagnosis. Tocilizumab (TCZ), an interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor, may ameliorate the CRS associated with severe COVID-19 and thus improve clinical outcomes. We present a case of life-threatening CRS caused by COVID-19 infection successfully treated with TCZ. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a systemic inflammatory response that can be triggered by COVID-19.CRS can be life-threatening in severe COVID-19.Tocilizumab may have a role in treating severe COVID-19 patients with CRS."}, {"pmid": 32243259, "pmcid": "PMC7260012", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic and research shutdown: staying safe and productive.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Omary, M Bishr", "Eswaraka, Jeetendra", "Kimball, S David", "Moghe, Prabhas V", "Panettieri, Reynold A Jr", "Scotto, Kathleen W"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243259", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371115, "pmcid": "PMC7194040", "title": "German endoscopy unit preparations for the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide survey.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Garbe, Jakob", "Eisenmann, Stephan", "Walter, Steffen", "Lammert, Frank", "Darwiche, Kaid", "Rosendahl, Jonas"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371115", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229433, "pmcid": "PMC7239364", "title": "Interventional radiology and COVID-19: evidence-based measures to limit transmission.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Chandy, Poornima Elizabeth", "Nasir, Muhammad Umer", "Srinivasan, Sivasubramanian", "Klass, Darren", "Nicolaou, Savvas", "B Babu, Suresh"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229433", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As we face an explosion of COVID-19 cases and deal with an unprecedented set of circumstances all over the world, healthcare personnel are at the forefront, dealing with this emerging scenario. Certain subspecialties like interventional radiology entails a greater risk of acquiring and transmitting infection due to the close patient contact and invasive patient care the service provides. This makes it imperative to develop and set guidelines in place to limit transmission and utilize resources in an optimal fashion. A multi-tiered approach needs to be devised and monitored at the administrative level, taking into account the various staff and patient contact points. Based on these factors, work site and health force rearrangements need to be in place while enforcing segregation and disinfection parameters. We are putting forth an all-encompassing review of infection control measures that cover the dynamics of patient care and staff protocols that such a situation demands of an interventional department."}, {"pmid": 32521987, "title": "[Experience of teaching and training for medical students at gastrointestinal surgery department under COVID-19 epidemic situation].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chang, W J", "Jiang, Y D", "Xu, J M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521987", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In hospitals and medical schools as densely populated sites with high risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is vital to adjust the teaching and training strategy for medical students to ensure curriculum completion with safety. This article aims to introduce the experience of teaching and training for medical students under the epidemic situation at Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University and Zhongshan Hospital. The content includes exploring diversified online teaching models for undergraduate surgery courses and clinical practice, carrying out online graduate education and dissertation plans, and strengthening comprehensive education of medical humanity combined with knowledge of COVID-19 prevention. Through implementation of the above teaching strategies, scheduled learning plans of medical students can be well completed in an orderly, safe and quality-ensured manner. Our experience provides practical solution of medical teaching and could be advisable for other medical colleges and teaching hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32342265, "pmcid": "PMC7186112", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.", "journal": "Sleep Breath", "authors": ["Pazarli, Ahmet Cemal", "Ekiz, Timur", "Ilik, Faik"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342265", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367846, "title": "Health-care preparedness and health-care worker protection in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lung India", "authors": ["Christopher, Devasahayam J", "Isaac, Barney Tj", "Rupali, Priscilla", "Thangakunam, Balamugesh"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367846", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged the nations and has created the institution of unprecedented measures globally toward its containment. Extraordinary measures may be needed for health-care preparedness, to reduce morbidity and mortality. Health-care workers who are at the frontlines in such pandemics are the most vulnerable. These issues are addressed in this article."}, {"pmid": 32382126, "pmcid": "PMC7203722", "title": "Protective humoral immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infected pediatric patients.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Zhang, Yaguang", "Xu, Jin", "Jia, Ran", "Yi, Chunyan", "Gu, Wangpeng", "Liu, Pengcheng", "Dong, Xinran", "Zhou, Hao", "Shang, Bo", "Cheng, Shipeng", "Sun, Xiaoyu", "Ye, Jing", "Li, Xuezhen", "Zhang, Jia", "Ling, Zhiyang", "Ma, Liyan", "Wu, Bingbing", "Zeng, Mei", "Zhou, Wenhao", "Sun, Bing"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382126", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526392, "title": "Oral mucosal lesions in a COVID-19 patient: new signs or secondary manifestations?", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Santos, Juliana Amorim Dos", "Normando, Ana Gabriela Costa", "Silva, Rainier Luiz Carvalho da", "Paula, Renata Monteiro De", "Cembranel, Allan Christian", "Santos-Silva, Alan Roger", "Guerra, Eliete Neves Silva"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526392", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some oral manifestations have been observed in patients with coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is still a question about whether these lesions are due to coronavirus infection or secondary manifestations resulting from the patient's systemic condition. Thus, this article aims to report an additional case of the oral conditions in a patient diagnosed with COVID-19. Our patient, a sixty-seven-year-old Caucasian man, tested positive to coronavirus and presented oral manifestations such as recurrent herpes simplex, candidiasis, and geographic tongue. We support the argument that some oral conditions could be secondary to the deterioration of systemic health or due to treatments for COVID-19. The present case report highlights the importance of including dentists in the intensive care unit multi-professional team to improve oral health in critical patients not only COVID-19 patients. Also, to contribute to evidence-based and decision-making in managing infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32376408, "pmcid": "PMC7196546", "title": "Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Among Patients with Pre-Existing Liver Disease in United States: A Multi-Center Research Network Study.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Singh, Shailendra", "Khan, Ahmad"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376408", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387660, "pmcid": "PMC7202829", "title": "COVID-19 and biologics for psoriasis: a high-epidemic area experience - Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Carugno, Andrea", "Gambini, Daniele Mario", "Raponi, Francesca", "Vezzoli, Pamela", "Locatelli, Andrea Gustavo C", "Di Mercurio, Marco", "Test, Elisa Robustelli", "Sena, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387660", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463765, "title": "Telehealth Is a Sustainable Population Health Strategy to Lower Costs and Increase Quality of Health Care in Rural Utah.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Thota, Ramya", "Gill, David M", "Brant, Jamie L", "Yeatman, Timothy J", "Haslem, Derrick S"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463765", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A telehealth oncology practice was created to care for patients in rural communities to improve access to health care, decrease financial burdens, and save time. Patients with cancer at Sevier Valley Hospital in Richfield, Utah, were treated with a real-time video-based telehealth program under the care of an oncologist at a tertiary medical center. Data on financial savings, travel hours, mileage avoided, carbon emissions reduced, and revenue retained by Sevier Valley Hospital were collected from 2015 to 2018. From 2015 to 2018, 119 patients with cancer in Richfield, Utah, were treated with telehealth for oncology visits, accounting for 1,025 patient encounters. On average, patients saved 4 hours and 40 minutes and 332 miles roundtrip per encounter. In total, patients' savings were estimated to be $333,074. Carbon emissions were reduced by approximately 150,000 kg. Of new patient referrals, 59% were for solid tumors (70 of 119 referrals; 42 metastatic and 28 nonmetastatic cancers), and 41% were hematology consultations (49 of 119 referrals; 28 classical and 21 malignant hematologic conditions). We estimate that Sevier Valley Hospital retained $3,605,500 in revenue over this 4-year period. Using a telehealth program in rural Utah, patients with cancer benefited from substantial time and monetary savings. The local medical center was able to retain revenue it would have otherwise lost to outsourcing cancer care. Recent regulatory changes to address the COVID-19 pandemic should increase the number of patients with cancer treated via telehealth nationwide."}, {"pmid": 32471823, "title": "Covid-19: Charities call for clear advice after \"utter mess\" of shielding texts.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471823", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32096611, "pmcid": "PMC7162053", "title": "2019 Novel coronavirus infection and gastrointestinal tract.", "journal": "J Dig Dis", "authors": ["Gao, Qin Yan", "Chen, Ying Xuan", "Fang, Jing Yuan"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096611", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324364, "title": "Practical aspects of anesthetic and perioperative care for COVID-19 patients", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Vegh, Tamas", "Laszlo, Istvan", "Juhasz, Marianna", "Berhes, Mariann", "Fabian, Akos", "Koszta, Gyorgy", "Molnar, Csilla", "Fulesdi, Bela"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324364", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Caring for those affected by the coronavirus outbreak of December 2019 imposed a heavy burden on healthcare systems. Not only because some patients require intensive care, but because patients with any form of the disease may need surgical intervention. Managing these cases is a major challenge for anesthesiologists. The purpose of this summary is to present the practical aspects of anesthetic and perioperative care for patients requiring surgical treatment. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 692\u2013695."}, {"pmid": 32285222, "pmcid": "PMC7152619", "title": "Three unsuspected CT diagnoses of COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Vu, David", "Ruggiero, Maryanne", "Choi, Woo Sung", "Masri, Daniel", "Flyer, Mark", "Shyknevsky, Inna", "Stein, Evan G"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285222", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel strain of coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has quickly spread around the globe. Health care facilities in the USA currently do not have an adequate supply of COVID-19 tests to meet the growing demand. Imaging findings for COVID-19 are non-specific but include pulmonary parenchymal ground-glass opacities in a predominantly basal and peripheral distribution. Three patients were imaged for non-respiratory-related symptoms with a portion of the lungs in the imaged field. Each patient had suspicious imaging findings for COVID-19, prompting the interpreting radiologist to suggest testing for COVID-19. All 3 patients turned out to be infected with COVID-19, and one patient is the first reported case of the coincident presentation of COVID-19 and an intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Using imaging characteristics of COVID-19 on abdominal or neck CT when a portion of the lungs is included, patients not initially suspected of COVID-19 infection can be quarantined earlier to limit exposure to others."}, {"pmid": 32457032, "pmcid": "PMC7252963", "title": "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in COVID-19.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Mohan, Vinuta", "Tauseen, Rana Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457032", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381447, "pmcid": "PMC7180156", "title": "The role of enzymatic debridement in burn care in the COVID-19 pandemic. Commentary by the Italian Society of Burn Surgery (SIUST).", "journal": "Burns", "authors": ["Ranno, Rosario", "Vestita, Michelangelo", "Verrienti, Pasquale", "Melandri, Davide", "Perniciaro, Giuseppe", "Baruffaldi Preis, Franz Wilhelm", "D'Alessio, Roberto", "Alessandro, Giovanni", "Caleffi, Edoardo", "Di Lonardo, Antonio", "Palombo, Paolo", "Posadinu, Maria Alma", "Stella, Maurizio", "Azzena, Bruno", "Governa, Maurizio", "Giudice, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381447", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32123347, "pmcid": "PMC7095448", "title": "The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Microbiol", "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32123347", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32197098, "pmcid": "PMC7270341", "title": "COVID-19 in pregnant women.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Schmid, Manuel B", "Fontijn, Jehudith", "Ochsenbein-Kolble, Nicole", "Berger, Christoph", "Bassler, Dirk"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197098", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410129, "pmcid": "PMC7224586", "title": "The Parallel Pandemic: Medical Misinformation and COVID-19 : Primum non nocere.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Love, Jennifer S", "Blumenberg, Adam", "Horowitz, Zane"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416415, "pmcid": "PMC7207128", "title": "Etoposide-based therapy for severe forms of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Hamizi, Kamel", "Aouidane, Souhila", "Belaaloui, Ghania"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416415", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus infection COVID-19 has quickly become a global health emergency. Mortality is principally due to severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) which relays only on supportive treatment. Numerous pathological, clinical and laboratory findings rise the similarity between moderate to severe COVID-19 and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Etoposide-based protocol including dexametasone is the standard of care for secondary HLH. The protocol has been successfully used in HLHs that are secondary to EBV and H1N1 infections by inducing complete response and prolonged survival. These observations prompt to consider this cytotoxic therapy in HLH associated to moderately severe to severe forms of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32410714, "pmcid": "PMC7223395", "title": "Patients with COVID-19 in 19 ICUs in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Yu, Yuan", "Xu, Dan", "Fu, Shouzhi", "Zhang, Jun", "Yang, Xiaobo", "Xu, Liang", "Xu, Jiqian", "Wu, Yongran", "Huang, Chaolin", "Ouyang, Yaqi", "Yang, Luyu", "Fang, Minghao", "Xiao, Hongwen", "Ma, Jing", "Zhu, Wei", "Hu, Song", "Hu, Quan", "Ding, Daoyin", "Hu, Ming", "Zhu, Guochao", "Xu, Weijiang", "Guo, Jun", "Xu, Jinglong", "Yuan, Haitao", "Zhang, Bin", "Yu, Zhui", "Chen, Dechang", "Yuan, Shiying", "Shang, You"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410714", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A COVID-19 outbreak started in Wuhan, China, last December and now has become a global pandemic. The clinical information in caring of critically ill patients with COVID-19 needs to be shared timely, especially under the situations that there is still a largely ongoing spread of COVID-19 in many countries. A multicenter prospective observational study investigated all the COVID-19 patients received in 19 ICUs of 16 hospitals in Wuhan, China, over 24\u2009h between 8\u2009AM February 2h and 8\u2009AM February 27, 2020. The demographic information, clinical characteristics, vital signs, complications, laboratory values, and clinical managements of the patients were studied. A total of 226 patients were included. Their median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 64 (57-70) years, and 139 (61.5%) patients were male. The duration from the date of ICU admission to the study date was 11 (5-17) days, and the duration from onset of symptoms to the study date was 31 (24-36) days. Among all the patients, 155 (68.6%) had at least one coexisting disease, and their sequential organ failure assessment score was 4 (2-8). Organ function damages were found in most of the patients: ARDS in 161 (71.2%) patients, septic shock in 34 (15.0%) patients, acute kidney injury occurred in 57 (25.2%) patients, cardiac injury in 61 (27.0%) patients, and lymphocytopenia in 160 (70.8%) patients. Of all the studied patients, 85 (37.6%) received invasive mechanical ventilation, including 14 (6.2%) treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at the same time, 20 (8.8%) received noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and 24 (10.6%) received continuous renal replacement therapy. By April 9, 2020, 87 (38.5%) patients were deceased and 15 (6.7%) were still in the hospital. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 are associated with a higher risk of severe complications and need to receive an intensive level of treatments. COVID-19 poses a great strain on critical care resources in hospitals. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000030164. Registered on February 24, 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=49983&htm=4."}, {"pmid": 32525519, "title": "The Dual Epidemics of COVID-19 and Influenza: Vaccine Acceptance, Coverage, and Mandates.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Gostin, Lawrence O", "Salmon, Daniel A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525519", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402928, "pmcid": "PMC7205654", "title": "Lockdown for CoViD-2019 in Milan: What are the effects on air quality?", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Collivignarelli, Maria Cristina", "Abba, Alessandro", "Bertanza, Giorgio", "Pedrazzani, Roberta", "Ricciardi, Paola", "Carnevale Miino, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402928", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on the rapid spread of the CoViD-2019, a lockdown was declared in the whole Northern Italy by the Government. The application of increasingly rigorous containment measures allowed to reduce the impact of the CoViD-2019 pandemic on the Italian National Health System but at the same time these restriction measures gave also the opportunity to assess the effect of anthropogenic activities on air pollutants in an unprecedented way. This paper aims to study the impact of the partial and total lockdown (PL and TL, respectively) on air quality in the Metropolitan City of Milan. As results, the severe limitation of people movements following the PL and the subsequent TL determined a significant reduction of pollutants concentration mainly due to vehicular traffic (PM10, PM2.5, BC, benzene, CO, and NOx). The lockdown led to an appreciable drop in SO2 only in the city of Milan while it remained unchanged in the adjacent areas. Despite the significant decrease in NO2 in the TL, the O3 exhibited a significant increase, probably, due to the minor NO concentration. In Milan and SaA the increase was more accentuated, probably, due to the higher average concentrations of benzene in Milan than the adjacent areas that might have promoted the formation of O3 in a more significant way."}, {"pmid": 32389850, "pmcid": "PMC7204690", "title": "Characteristics of respiratory virus infection during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus in Beijing.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Yan", "Wang, Jiangshan", "Wang, Chunting", "Yang, Qiwen", "Xu, Yingchun", "Xu, Jun", "Li, Yi", "Yu, Xuezhong", "Zhu, Huadong", "Liu, Jihai"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389850", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading. Here, we summarized the composition of pathogens in fever clinic patients and analyzed the characteristics of different respiratory viral infections. Retrospectively collected patients with definite etiological results using nasal and pharyngeal swabs in a fever clinic. Overall, 1860 patients were screened, and 136 patients were enrolled. 72 (52.94%) of them were diagnosed as influenza (Flu) A virus infection. 32 (23.53%) of them were diagnosed as Flu B virus infection. 18 (13.24%) and 14 (10.29%) of them were diagnosed as COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections, respectively. The COVID-19 group had a higher rate of contact with the epidemic area within 14 days and of clustering onset than other groups. Fever was the most common symptom in these patients. The ratio of fever to the highest temperature was higher in Flu A virus infection patients than in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients had a lower white blood cell count and neutrophil count than Flu A virus and RSV infection groups, but higher lymphocyte count than Flu A and B virus infection groups. The COVID-19 group (83.33%) had a higher rate of pneumonia in chest CT scans than Flu A and B virus infection groups. Influenza viruses accounted for a large proportion of respiratory virus infection even during the epidemic of COVID-19 in Beijing. No single symptom or laboratory finding was suggestive of a specific respiratory virus; however, epidemic history was significant for the screening of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32319875, "pmcid": "PMC7200840", "title": "Knowledge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by medical personnel in a rural area of Thailand.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Apaijitt, Patthamaporn", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319875", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492223, "title": "Shielding for patients using a single-use vinyl-box under continuous aerosol suction to minimize SARS-CoV-2 transmission during emergency endoscopy.", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Kobara, Hideki", "Nishiyama, Noriko", "Masaki, Tsutomu"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492223", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281668, "pmcid": "PMC7262341", "title": "C-reactive protein correlates with computed tomographic findings and predicts severe COVID-19 early.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Tan, Chaochao", "Huang, Ying", "Shi, Fengxia", "Tan, Kui", "Ma, Qionghui", "Chen, Yong", "Jiang, Xixin", "Li, Xiaosong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281668", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has developed into a worldwide pandemic; early identification of severe illness is critical for controlling it and improving the prognosis of patients with limited medical resources. The present study aimed to analyze the characteristics of severe COVID-19 and identify biomarkers for differential diagnosis and prognosis prediction. In total, 27 consecutive patients with COVID-19 and 75 patients with flu were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical parameters were collected from electronic medical records. The disease course was divided into four stages: initial, progression, peak, and recovery stages, according to computed tomography (CT) progress. to mild COVID-19, the lymphocytes in the severe COVID-19 progressively decreased at the progression and the peak stages, but rebound in the recovery stage. The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the severe group at the initial and progression stages were higher than those in the mild group. Correlation analysis showed that CRP (R\u2009=\u2009.62; P\u2009<\u2009.01), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (R\u2009=\u2009.55; P\u2009<\u2009.01) and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio (R\u2009=\u2009.49; P\u2009<\u2009.01) were positively associated with the CT severity scores. In contrast, the number of lymphocytes (R\u2009=\u2009-.37; P\u2009<\u2009.01) was negatively correlated with the CT severity scores. The receiver-operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that area under the curve of CRP on the first visit for predicting severe COVID-19 was 0.87 (95% CI 0.10-1.00) at 20.42 mg/L cut-off, with sensitivity and specificity 83% and 91%, respectively. CRP in severe COVID-19 patients increased significantly at the initial stage, before CT findings. Importantly, CRP, which was associated with disease development, predicted early severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32447101, "pmcid": "PMC7241378", "title": "Prognostic factors in patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19: Findings from the CORONADO study and other recent reports.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab", "authors": ["Scheen, A J", "Marre, M", "Thivolet, C"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447101", "countries": ["China", "United States", "France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes mellitus is challenging in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of diabetes patients hospitalized in intensive care units for COVID-19 is two- to threefold higher, and the mortality rate at least double, than that of non-diabetes patients. As the population with diabetes is highly heterogeneous, it is of major interest to determine the risk factors of progression to a more serious life-threatening COVID-19 infection. This brief review discusses the main findings of CORONADO, a prospective observational study in France that specifically addressed this issue as well as related observations from other countries, mainly China and the US. Some prognostic factors beyond old age have been identified: for example, an increased body mass index is a major risk factor for requiring respiratory assistance. Indeed, obesity combines several risk factors, including impaired respiratory mechanics, the presence of other comorbidities and inappropriate inflammatory responses, partly due to ectopic fat deposits. While previous diabetic microvascular (renal) and macrovascular complications also increase risk of death, the quality of past glucose control had no independent influence on hospitalized diabetes patient outcomes, but whether the quality of glucose control might modulate risk of COVID-19 in non-hospitalized diabetes patients is still unknown. In addition, no negative signs regarding the use of RAAS blockers and DPP-4 inhibitors and outcomes of COVID-19 could be identified. Hyperglycaemia at the time of hospital admission is associated with poor outcomes, but it may simply be considered a marker of severity of the infection. Thus, the impact of glucose control during hospitalization on outcomes related to COVID-19, which was not investigated in the CORONADO study, is certainly deserving of specific investigation."}, {"pmid": 32204758, "title": "[Emergency plan for inter-hospital transfer of newborns with SARS-CoV-2 infection].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Zheng", "DU, Li-Zhong", "Fu, Jun-Fen", "Shu, Qiang", "Chen, Zhi-Min", "Shi, Li-Ping", "Wang, Wei", "Chen, Shuo-Hui", "Ma, Xiao-Lu", "Ye, Sheng", "Sun, Wei", "Chen, Ming-Yan", "Zhu, Hai-Hong", "Huang, Guo-Lan", "Luo, Fei-Xiang"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204758", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become the most serious public health issue. As the special population with immature immune function, newborns with COVID-19 have been reported. Newborns with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should be transferred to designated hospitals for isolation treatment. An emergency transfer response plan for newborns with COVID-19 has been worked out. This plan puts forward the indications for neonatal COVID-19 transfer, organization management, protection strategies for medical staff, work procedures, and disinfection methods for transfer equipment, in order to provide guidance and suggestions for the inter-hospital transfer of suspected or confirmed neonatal COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32503924, "title": "Children of COVID-19: pawns, pathfinders or partners?", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Larcher, Victor", "Brierley, Joe"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503924", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Countries throughout the world are counting the health and socioeconomic costs of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the strategies necessary to contain it. Profound consequences from social isolation are beginning to emerge, and there is an urgency about charting a path to recovery, albeit to a 'new normal' that mitigates them. Children have not suffered as much from the direct effects of COVID-19 infection as older adults. Still, there is mounting evidence that their health and welfare are being adversely affected. Closure of schools has been a critical component of social isolation but has a far broader impact than the diminution of educational opportunities, as important as these are. Reopening of schools is therefore essential to recovery, with some countries already tentatively implementing it. Children's interests are vital considerations in any recovery plan, but the question remains as to how to address them within the context of how society views children; should they be regarded as pawns, pathfinders or partners in this enterprise?"}, {"pmid": 32360231, "pmcid": "PMC7187825", "title": "Arbidol: A potential antiviral drug for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 by blocking trimerization of the spike glycoprotein.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Vankadari, Naveen"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360231", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is a global public health emergency, and new therapeutics are needed. This article reports the potential drug target and mechanism of action of Arbidol (umifenovir) to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Molecular dynamics and structural analysis were used to show how Arbidol targets the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and impedes its trimerization, which is key for host cell adhesion and hijacking, indicating the potential of Arbidol to treat COVID-19. It is hoped that knowledge of the potential drug target and mechanism of action of Arbidol will help in the development of new therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32174096, "title": "[Management strategies for three patients with gynecological malignancies during the outbreak of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, J", "Peng, P", "Li, X", "Zha, Y F", "Xiang, Y", "Zhang, G N", "Zhang, Y"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174096", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To explore the management strategies for patients with gynecological malignant tumors during the outbreak and transmission of COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, treatment, and disease outcomes of three patients with gynecological malignancies associated with COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, and proposed management strategies for patients with gynecological tumors underriskof COVID-19. Results: Based on the national diagnosis and treatment protocol as well as research progress for COVID-19, three patients with COVID-19 were treated. Meanwhile, they were also appropriately adjusted the treatment plan in accordance with the clinical guidelines for gynecological tumors. Pneumonia was cured in 2 patients, and one patient died of COVID-19. Conclusions: Patients with gynecological malignant tumors are high-risk groups prone to COVID-19, and gynecological oncologists need to carry out education, prevention, control and treatment according to specific conditions. While, actively preventing and controlling COVID-19, the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological malignant tumors should be carried out in an orderly and safe manner."}, {"pmid": 32474280, "pmcid": "PMC7245244", "title": "Wastewater surveillance for population-wide Covid-19: The present and future.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Daughton, Christian G"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474280", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic (Coronavirus disease 2019) continues to expose countless unanticipated problems at all levels of the world's complex, interconnected society - global domino effects involving public health and safety, accessible health care, food security, stability of economies and financial institutions, and even the viability of democracies. These problems pose immense challenges that can voraciously consume human and capital resources. Tracking the initiation, spread, and changing trends of Covid-19 at population-wide scales is one of the most daunting challenges, especially the urgent need to map the distribution and magnitude of Covid-19 in near real-time. Other than pre-exposure prophylaxis or therapeutic treatments, the most important tool is the ability to quickly identify infected individuals. The mainstay approach for epidemics has long involved the large-scale application of diagnostic testing at the individual case level. However, this approach faces overwhelming challenges in providing fast surveys of large populations. An epidemiological tool developed and refined by environmental scientists over the last 20\u00a0years (Wastewater-Based Epidemiology - WBE) holds the potential as a key tool in containing and mitigating Covid-19 outbreaks while also minimizing domino effects such as unnecessarily long stay-at-home policies that stress humans and economies alike. WBE measures chemical signatures in sewage, such as fragment biomarkers from the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), simply by applying the type of clinical diagnostic testing (designed for individuals) to the collective signature of entire communities. As such, it could rapidly establish the presence of Covid-19 infections across an entire community. Surprisingly, this tool has not been widely embraced by epidemiologists or public health officials. Presented is an overview of why and how governments should exercise prudence and begin evaluating WBE and coordinating development of a standardized WBE methodology - one that could be deployed within nationalized monitoring networks to provide intercomparable data across nations."}, {"pmid": 32232230, "title": "Experience of Diagnosing and Managing Patients in Oral Maxillofacial Surgery during the Prevention and Control Period of the New Coronavirus Pneumonia.", "journal": "Chin J Dent Res", "authors": ["Yang, Yue", "Soh, Hui Yuh", "Cai, Zhi Gang", "Peng, Xin", "Zhang, Yi", "Guo, Chuan Bin"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232230", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The newly emerged coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) which was first identified in China in December 2019. It is a highly contagious infection that can spread from person to person through close contact and respiratory droplets. The healthcare personnel of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery are especially vulnerable to the infection due to their extensive and close exposure to patients' oral and nasal cavities and secretions. As one of the busiest specialised hospitals in the world, the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology summarised the experience with disease prevention and control and clinical recommendations on the examination, diagnosis and treatment processes, clinical management, healthcare personnel protection and disinfection amid the continued spread of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32525377, "title": "COVID-19: Threat and fear in Indonesia.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Abdullah, Irwan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525377", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this article is to provide a brief report on how the Indonesian population has experienced the COVID-19 pandemic in the first 2 months since the establishment of COVID-19 Rapid Response Task Force on March 13. The discussion will focus on the psychological trauma that the population has experienced due to the lack of preparedness, the poorly equipped health care system, and lockdown policies in dealing with the spread of the coronavirus. Four different types of psychological trauma were increasingly observed, based on digital communication with people affected and reports from the news and social media. These 4 types of psychological trauma were social withdrawal, hysteria, individual violence, and collective violence. On the basis of the described psychological consequences of the pandemic, it can be assumed that both the individual and collective reactions must be considered to reduce harm of the coronavirus pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32481629, "title": "The Spread of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Time and Space.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Hafner, Christian M"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481629", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on public health and global economies in 2020; it is crucial to understand how it developed and spread in time and space. This paper contributes to the growing literature by considering the dynamics of country-wise growth rates of infection numbers. Low-order serial correlation of growth rates is predominantly negative with cycles of two to four days for most countries. The results of fitted spatial autoregressive models suggest that there is high degree of spillover between countries. Forecast variances of many countries, in particular those with a high absolute number of infections, can to a large extent be explained by structural innovations of other countries. A better understanding of the serial and spatial dynamics of the spread of the pandemic may contribute to an improved containment and risk management."}, {"pmid": 32386428, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019: The Role of the Fibrinolytic System from Transmission to Organ Injury and Sequelae.", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Kwaan, Hau C"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386428", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434788, "pmcid": "PMC7246105", "title": "COVID-19 and lung cancer: risks, mechanisms and treatment interactions.", "journal": "J Immunother Cancer", "authors": ["Addeo, Alfredo", "Obeid, Michel", "Friedlaender, Alex"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434788", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cases of the 2019 novel coronavirus also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continue to rise worldwide. To date, there is no effective treatment. Clinical management is largely symptomatic, with organ support in intensive care for critically ill patients. The first phase I trial to test the efficacy of a vaccine has recently begun, but in the meantime there is an urgent need to decrease the morbidity and mortality of severe cases. It is known that patients with cancer are more susceptible to infection than individuals without cancer because of their systemic immunosuppressive state caused by the malignancy and anticancer treatments. Therefore, these patients might be at increased risk of pulmonary complications from COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 could in some case induce excessive and aberrant non-effective host immune responses that are associated with potentially fatal severe lung injury and patients can develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Cytokine release syndrome and viral ARDS result from uncontrolled severe acute inflammation. Acute lung injury results from inflammatory monocyte and macrophage activation in the pulmonary luminal epithelium which lead to a release of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1. These cytokines play a crucial role in immune-related pneumonitis, and could represent a promising target when the infiltration is T cell predominant or there are indirect signs of high IL-6-related inflammation, such as elevated C-reactive protein. A monoclonal anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab has been administered in a number of cases in China and Italy. Positive clinical and radiological outcomes have been reported. These early findings have led to an ongoing randomized controlled clinical trial in China and Italy. While data from those trials are eagerly awaited, patients' management will continue to rely for the vast majority on local guidelines. Among many other aspects, this crisis has proven that different specialists must join forces to deliver the best possible care to patients."}, {"pmid": 32412120, "title": "Call to action for a South American network to fight COVID-19 in pregnancy.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Costa, Maria L", "Pacagnella, Rodolfo C", "Guida, Jose P", "Souza, Renato T", "Charles, Charles M", "Lajos, Giuliane J", "Haddad, Samira M", "Fernandes, Karayna G", "Nobrega, Guilherme M", "Griggio, Thayna B", "Pabon, Stephanie L", "Serruya, Suzanne J", "Ribeiro-do-Valle, Carolina C", "Cecatti, Jose G"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412120", "countries": ["Brazil", "Ecuador", "Peru"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420635, "pmcid": "PMC7267120", "title": "Is physiotherapy ready for the management of COVID-19 in Africa? - Snippets of anecdotal evidences in two African countries.", "journal": "Physiother Res Int", "authors": ["Gopaul, Urvashy", "Manie, Shamila", "Amosun, Seyi L"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420635", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369619, "pmcid": "PMC7267151", "title": "Observations about sexual and other routes of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) transmission and its prevention.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Tatu, A L", "Nadasdy, T", "Nwabudike, L C"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369619", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471898, "title": "Correspondence regarding research letter to the editor by Mathian et al, 'Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a series of 17 patients with systemic lupus under long-term treatment with hydroxychloroquine'.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Nikpour, Mandana", "Teh, Benjamin", "Wicks, Ian P", "Pellegrini, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471898", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328378, "pmcid": "PMC7174861", "title": "Understanding the Mosaic of COVID-19: A Review of the Ongoing Crisis.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Waleed, Madeeha Subhan", "Sadiq, Waleed", "Azmat, Muneeba"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328378", "countries": ["Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Japan", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019, a queer type of pneumonia emerged in Wuhan city in the central part of China. On investigation, it\u00a0was found to be caused by the coronavirus. Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s. There are a total of seven types of coronaviruses that infect\u00a0humans: 229E and NL63 are the alpha coronaviruses;\u00a0OC43, HKU1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV are beta coronaviruses, and SARS-CoV-2\u00a0or COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus. COVID-19 surfaced in China at the culmination of the year 2019. The pandemic then fanned out rapidly, involving Italy, Japan, South Korea, Iran, and the rest of the world."}, {"pmid": 32293018, "title": "[At least 68 vaccine candidates under development].", "journal": "Lakartidningen", "authors": ["Leach, Susannah"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293018", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is progressing at an unparalleled speed. As of the 29th of March, there were at least 68 vaccine candidates comprising several different vaccine designs, including whole killed virus, subunit, attenuated, viral vector, DNA and mRNA vaccines. Whilst it usually takes 10-15 years to develop a vaccine, it has only taken just over 9 weeks from the publication of the viral genetic sequence for the first vaccine candidate to reach clinical testing. Development has been expediated by using existing technological platforms and by performing preclinical and clinical testing simultaneously."}, {"pmid": 32376644, "title": "Confronting the COVID-19 surgery crisis: time for transformational change.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Urbach, David R", "Martin, Danielle"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376644", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339074, "title": "Perioperative Considerations During Emergency General Surgery in the Era of COVID-19: A U.S. Experience.", "journal": "J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A", "authors": ["Orthopoulos, Georgios", "Fernandez, Gladys L", "Dahle, Jessica L", "Casey, Elizabeth", "Jabbour, Nicolas"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339074", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) strain has caused a pandemic that affects everyday clinical practice. Care of patients with acute surgical problems is adjusted to minimize exposing health care providers to this highly contagious virus. Our goal is to describe a specific and reproducible perioperative protocol aiming to keep health care providers safe and, simultaneously, not compromise standard of care for surgical patients."}, {"pmid": 32209276, "pmcid": "PMC7118599", "title": "Putting resiliency of a health system to the test: COVID-19 in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Hsieh, Vivian Chia-Rong"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209276", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503304, "title": "Increased Risk of COVID-19-Related Deaths among General Practitioners in Italy.", "journal": "Healthcare (Basel)", "authors": ["Modenese, Alberto", "Gobba, Fabriziomaria"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503304", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, data on COVID-19-related death cases among physicians from different medical specialties are incomplete and scattered. In Italy, available data highlight that general practitioners (GPs) are, apparently, the most heavily affected group. Indeed, they currently represent 44.1% of the total COVID-19 related death cases occurred among physicians, whereas they constitute about 15% of the total number of doctors. This high proportion is most likely the consequence of a work-related contagion happening especially during the first weeks of the epidemic, and persisting also in the following weeks, after the national lockdown. There are various reasons for these higher contagion rates: GPs perform a lot of medical examinations daily, usually in close contact with patients. Especially at the beginning of the epidemic, GPs might have had scant information on the specific safety procedures for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission (e.g., there was limited knowledge on the possibility of contagions deriving from asymptomatic patients) and, moreover, the availability of personal protective equipment was insufficient. Furthermore, the risk of infection is highly increased by the virus' characteristics, like its survival for several hours/days on different surfaces and its persistence in the air after an aerosolization process, with possibilities to be transmitted over distances longer than two meters. Following these observations, and considering the high cost in term of GPs' lives, the COVID-19 pandemic will probably revolutionize the approach to patients in general practice. Clear and effective guidelines are absolutely and urgently needed for the refinement of adequate measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections among GPs."}, {"pmid": 32490260, "pmcid": "PMC7225656", "title": "Rationale of the WHO document on Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) readiness and response to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and of the Italian Decalogue for Prevention Departments.", "journal": "J Prev Med Hyg", "authors": ["Costantino, C", "Fiacchini, D"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490260", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411271, "pmcid": "PMC7221385", "title": "COVID-19 social distancing and sexual activity in a sample of the British Public.", "journal": "J Sex Med", "authors": ["Jacob, Louis", "Smith, Lee", "Butler, Laurie", "Barnett, Yvonne", "Grabovac, Igor", "McDermott, Daragh", "Armstrong, Nicola", "Yakundi, Annita", "Tully, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411271", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 23rd March 2020 the UK government released self-isolation guidance to reduce the risk of transmission of SARS-Cov-2. The influence such guidance has on sexual activity is not known. To investigate levels and correlates of sexual activity during COVID-19 self-isolation in a sample of the UK public. This paper presents pre-planned interim analyses of data from a cross-sectional epidemiological study, administered through an online survey. Sexual activity was measured using the following question: \"On average after self-isolating how many times have you engaged in sexual activity weekly?\" Demographic and clinical data was collected, including sex, age, marital status, employment, annual household income, region, current smoking status, current alcohol consumption, number of chronic physical conditions, number of chronic psychiatric conditions, any physical symptom experienced during self-isolation, and number of days of self-isolation. The association between several factors (independent variables) and sexual activity (dependent variable) was studied using a multivariable logistic regression model. 868 individuals were included in this study. There were 63.1% of women, and 21.8% of adults who were aged between 25 and 34 years. During self-isolation, 39.9% of the population reported engaging in sexual activity at least once per week. Variables significantly associated with sexual activity (dependent variable) were being male, a younger age, being married or in a domestic partnership, consuming alcohol, and a higher number of days of self-isolation/social distancing. In this sample of 868 UK adults self-isolating owing to the COVID-19 pandemic the prevalence of sexual activity was lower than 40%. Those reporting particularly low levels of sexual activity included females, older adults, those not married, and those who abstain from alcohol consumption. This is the first study to investigate sexual activity during the UK COVID-19 self-isolation/social distancing. Participants were asked to self-report their sexual activity potentially introducing self-reporting bias into the findings. Second, analyses were cross-sectional and thus it is not possible to determine trajectories of sexual activity during the current pandemic. Interventions to promote health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic should consider positive sexual health messages in mitigating the detrimental health consequences in relation to self-isolation and should target those with the lowest levels of sexual activity."}, {"pmid": 32332010, "title": "Covid-19: how Japan squandered its early jump on the pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Hayasaki, Erika"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332010", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434770, "pmcid": "PMC7242869", "title": "Predictive molecular pathology in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Malapelle, Umberto", "De Luca, Caterina", "Iaccarino, Antonino", "Pepe, Francesco", "Pisapia, Pasquale", "Russo, Maria", "Sgariglia, Roberta", "Nacchio, Mariantonia", "Vigliar, Elena", "Bellevicine, Claudio", "Schmitt, Fernando C", "Troncone, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434770", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the time of COVID-19, predictive molecular pathology laboratories must still timely select oncological patients for targeted treatments. However, the need to respect social distancing measures may delay results generated by laboratory-developed tests based on sequential steps a long hands-on time. Laboratory workflows should now be simplified. The organisation of the University of Naples Federico II predictive pathology laboratory was assessed before (March-April 2019) and during (March-April 2020) the Italian lockdown. The number of patients undergoing single or multiple biomarker testing was similar in 2019 (n=43) and in 2020 (n=45). Considering adequate samples for molecular testing, before the outbreak, next-generation sequencing was mostly used (35/42, 83.3%). Testing six genes had a reagent cost of \u20ac98/patient. Conversely, in 2020, almost all cases (38/41, 92.7%) were analysed by automated testing. This latter had for any single assay/gene a significant reagent cost (\u20ac95-\u20ac136) and a faster mean turnaround time (5.3 vs 7.9 working days). In the times of coronavirus, laboratory fully automated platforms simplify predictive molecular testing. Laboratory staff may be more safely and cost-effectively managed."}, {"pmid": 32437926, "pmcid": "PMC7211703", "title": "From SARS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2: safety and broad-spectrum are important for coronavirus vaccine development.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Ma, Cuiqing", "Su, Shan", "Wang, Jiachao", "Wei, Lin", "Du, Lanying", "Jiang, Shibo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437926", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 (also known as 2019-nCoV and HCoV-19) has posed serious threats to public health and economic stability worldwide, thus calling for development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging and reemerging coronaviruses. Since SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV have high similarity of their genomic sequences and share the same cellular receptor (ACE2), it is essential to learn the lessons and experiences from the development of SARS-CoV vaccines for the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the advantages and disadvantages of the SARS-CoV vaccine candidates and prospected the strategies for the development of safe, effective and broad-spectrum coronavirus vaccines for prevention of infection by currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging and reemerging coronaviruses that may cause future epidemics or pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32430426, "pmcid": "PMC7241111", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) by obstructive sleep apnoea patients.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Attias, David", "Pepin, Jean Louis", "Pathak, Atul"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430426", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31986264, "pmcid": "PMC7159299", "title": "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Huang, Chaolin", "Wang, Yeming", "Li, Xingwang", "Ren, Lili", "Zhao, Jianping", "Hu, Yi", "Zhang, Li", "Fan, Guohui", "Xu, Jiuyang", "Gu, Xiaoying", "Cheng, Zhenshun", "Yu, Ting", "Xia, Jiaan", "Wei, Yuan", "Wu, Wenjuan", "Xie, Xuelei", "Yin, Wen", "Li, Hui", "Liu, Min", "Xiao, Yan", "Gao, Hong", "Guo, Li", "Xie, Jungang", "Wang, Guangfa", "Jiang, Rongmeng", "Gao, Zhancheng", "Jin, Qi", "Wang, Jianwei", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-01-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31986264", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49\u00b70 years (IQR 41\u00b70-58\u00b70). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8\u00b70 days [IQR 5\u00b70-13\u00b70]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF\u03b1. The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission."}, {"pmid": 32493200, "title": "Prevention of COVID-19 infection in the medical population: a possible help from anosmia?.", "journal": "Rev Recent Clin Trials", "authors": ["Chiarella, Giuseppe", "Pizzolato, Raffaella", "Malanga, Donatella", "Pisani, Davide", "Abenavoli, Ludovico", "Viola, Pasquale"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493200", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 asymptomatic cases increases the risks of disease dissemination with even greater risk for physicians given the shortage of personal protective equipment. Here we report on the consistent finding of frequent presentation of anosmia or hyposmia in COVID-19 patients, even in the absence of other symptoms and without other olfactory or nasal findings. In the uncertainty of the clinical characteristics of these patients, this symptom can be a tool to reduce the spread of the infection between medical population."}, {"pmid": 32007524, "pmcid": "PMC7126811", "title": "Emergence of SARS-like coronavirus poses new challenge in China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wang, Ruichen", "Zhang, Xu", "Irwin, David M", "Shen, Yongyi"], "date": "2020-02-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32007524", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352450, "title": "Sniffing out the evidence; It's now time for public health bodies recognize the link between COVID-19 and smell and taste disturbance.", "journal": "Rhinology", "authors": ["Lechien, J R", "Hopkins, C", "Saussez, S"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352450", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of the pandemic, anecdotal observations have been accumulating rapidly that sudden anosmia and dysgeusia are peculiar symptoms associated with the COVID-19 infection. Prof C. Hopkins, as President of British Rhinological Society, published a letter describing \"the loss of sense of smell as a marker of COVID-19 infection\" and proposed that adults presenting with anosmia but no other symptoms should self-isolate for seven days. The Hopkins team published the first case report and case series as well as other evidence that isolated sudden onset anosmia (ISOA), should be considered highly suspicious for SARS-CoV-2(1). Subsequently, a larger series of 2428 patients presenting with new onset anosmia during the COVID-19 pandemic has been reported, of whom 16% report loss of sense of smell as an isolated symptom. Only 51% reported the recognized symptoms of cough or fever. A major limitation of this series however, was a lack of access to testing to confirm the COVID-19 status of the patients(2); in the 80 who had been tested 74% were positive. In the same way, the American Academy of Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (AA0-HNS) proposed \"that anosmia could be added to the list of screening tools for possible COVID-19 infection. More, they warrant serious consideration for self-isolation and testing those patients&quot;."}, {"pmid": 32305078, "pmcid": "PMC7162621", "title": "Blood transfusion strategies and ECMO during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Koeckerling, David", "Pan, Daniel", "Mudalige, N Lakmal", "Oyefeso, Oluwatobiloba", "Barker, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305078", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302293, "pmcid": "PMC7259511", "title": "COVID-19 in older adults: clinical, psychosocial, and public health considerations.", "journal": "JCI Insight", "authors": ["Mills, John P", "Kaye, Keith S", "Mody, Lona"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302293", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394407, "pmcid": "PMC7213942", "title": "Incidental finding of COVID-19 pulmonary infiltrates on SPECT/CT attenuation correction CT.", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "authors": ["Hindle-Katel, William", "Oen-Hsiao, Joyce", "Lussnig, Erich", "Miller, Edward J"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394407", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524220, "title": "Association of \"initial CT\" findings with mortality in older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Yan", "Yang, Zhenlu", "Ai, Tao", "Wu, Shandong", "Xia, Liming"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524220", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the association of chest CT findings with mortality in clinical management of older patients. From January 21 to February 14, 2020, 98 older patients (\u2265\u200960\u00a0years) who had undergone chest CT scans (\"initial CT\") on admission were enrolled. Manifestation and CT score were compared between the death group and the survival group. In each group, patients were sub-grouped based on the time interval between symptom onset and the \"initial CT\" scan: subgroup1 (interval \u2264\u20095\u00a0days), subgroup2 (interval between 6 and 10\u00a0days), and subgroup3 (interval >\u200910\u00a0days). Adjusted ROC curve after adjustment for age and gender was applied. Consolidations on CT images were more common in the death group (n\u00a0=\u200946) than in the survival group (n\u00a0=\u200952) (53.2% vs 32.0%, p\u00a0<\u20090.001). For subgroup1 and subgroup2, a higher mean CT score was found for the death group (33.0\u2009\u00b1\u200917.1 vs 12.9\u2009\u00b1\u20098.7, p\u00a0<\u20090.001; 38.8\u2009\u00b1\u200912.3 vs 24.3\u2009\u00b1\u200911.9, p\u00a0=\u20090.002, respectively) and no significant difference of CT score was identified with respect to subgroup3 (p\u00a0=\u20090.144). In subgroup1, CT score of 14.5 with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 77.3% for the prediction of mortality was an optimal cutoff value, with an adjusted AUC of 0.881. In subgroup2, CT score of 27.5 with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 70.6% for the prediction of mortality was an optimal cutoff value, with an adjusted AUC of 0.895. \"Initial CT\" scores may be useful to speculate prognosis and stratify patients. Severe manifestation on CT at an early stage may indicate poor prognosis for older patients with COVID-19. \u2022 Severe manifestation on CT at an early stage may indicate poor prognosis for older patients with COVID-19. \u2022 Radiologists should pay attention to the time interval between symptom onsets and CT scans of patients with COVID-19. \u2022 Consolidations on CT images were more common in death patients than in survival patients."}, {"pmid": 32305076, "pmcid": "PMC7162629", "title": "COVID-19: time to plan for prompt universal access to diagnostics and treatments.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Bassi, Luca Li", "Hwenda, Lenias"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305076", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467125, "title": "Morphology of COVID-19-affected cells in peripheral blood film.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Singh, Aminder", "Sood, Neena", "Narang, Vikram", "Goyal, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467125", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246356, "pmcid": "PMC7118702", "title": "The Impacts of Isolation Measures Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Sexual Health.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Alpalhao, Miguel", "Filipe, Paulo"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246356", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285555, "pmcid": "PMC7262328", "title": "A framework for open tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Jacob, Tony", "Walker, Abigail", "Mantelakis, Angelos", "Gibbins, Nicholas", "Keane, Oliver"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285555", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436355, "title": "Low testosterone levels predict clinical adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients.", "journal": "Andrology", "authors": ["Rastrelli, Giulia", "Di Stasi, Vincenza", "Inglese, Francesco", "Beccaria, Massimiliano", "Garuti, Martina", "Di Costanzo, Domenica", "Spreafico, Fabio", "Greco, Graziana Francesca", "Cervi, Giulia", "Pecoriello, Antonietta", "Magini, Angela", "Todisco, Tommaso", "Cipriani, Sarah", "Maseroli, Elisa", "Corona, Giovanni", "Salonia, Andrea", "Lenzi, Andrea", "Maggi, Mario", "De Donno, Giuseppe", "Vignozzi, Linda"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436355", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of new severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to coronavirus (CoV) 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has stressed the importance of effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of clinical worsening and mortality. Epidemiological data showing a differential impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on women and men have suggested a potential role for testosterone (T) in determining gender disparity in the SARS-CoV-2 clinical outcomes. To estimate the association between T level and SARS-CoV-2 clinical outcomes (defined as conditions requiring transfer to higher or lower intensity of care or death) in a cohort of patients admitted in the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU). A consecutive series of 31 male patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and recovered in the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) of the \"Carlo Poma\" Hospital in Mantua were analyzed. Several biochemical risk factors (ie, blood count and leukocyte formula, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, D-dimer, fibrinogen, interleukin 6 (IL-6)) as well as total testosterone (TT), calculated free T (cFT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined. Lower TT and cFT were found in the transferred to ICU/deceased in RICU group vs groups of patients transferred to IM or maintained in the RICU in stable condition. Both TT and cFT showed a negative significant correlation with biochemical risk factors (ie, the neutrophil count, LDH, and PCT) but a positive association with the lymphocyte count. Likewise, TT was also negatively associated with CRP and ferritin levels. A steep increase in both ICU transfer and mortality risk was observed in men with TT\u00a0<\u00a05\u00a0nmol/L or cFT\u00a0<\u00a0100\u00a0pmol/L. Our study demonstrates for the first time that lower baseline levels of TT and cFT levels predict poor prognosis and mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected men admitted to RICU."}, {"pmid": 32196391, "pmcid": "PMC7140977", "title": "Telehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Telemed Telecare", "authors": ["Smith, Anthony C", "Thomas, Emma", "Snoswell, Centaine L", "Haydon, Helen", "Mehrotra, Ateev", "Clemensen, Jane", "Caffery, Liam J"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196391", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is again reminding us of the importance of using telehealth to deliver care, especially as means of reducing the risk of cross-contamination caused by close contact. For telehealth to be effective as part of an emergency response it first needs to become a routinely used part of our health system. Hence, it is time to step back and ask why telehealth is not mainstreamed. In this article, we highlight key requirements for this to occur. Strategies to ensure that telehealth is used regularly in acute, post-acute and emergency situations, alongside conventional service delivery methods, include flexible funding arrangements, training and accrediting our health workforce. Telehealth uptake also requires a significant change in management effort and the redesign of existing models of care. Implementing telehealth proactively rather than reactively is more likely to generate greater benefits in the long-term, and help with the everyday (and emergency) challenges in healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32153742, "pmcid": "PMC7036705", "title": "2019-nCoV: Polite with children!", "journal": "Pediatr Rep", "authors": ["Caselli, Desiree", "Arico, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32153742", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366319, "pmcid": "PMC7197358", "title": "A united statement of the global chiropractic research community against the pseudoscientific claim that chiropractic care boosts immunity.", "journal": "Chiropr Man Therap", "authors": ["Cote, Pierre", "Bussieres, Andre", "Cassidy, J David", "Hartvigsen, Jan", "Kawchuk, Greg N", "Leboeuf-Yde, Charlotte", "Mior, Silvano", "Schneider, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366319", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, the International Chiropractors Association (ICA) posted reports claiming that chiropractic care can impact the immune system. These claims clash with recommendations from the World Health Organization and World Federation of Chiropractic. We discuss the scientific validity of the claims made in these ICA reports. We reviewed the two reports posted by the ICA on their website on March 20 and March 28, 2020. We explored the method used to develop the claim that chiropractic adjustments impact the immune system and discuss the scientific merit of that claim. We provide a response to the ICA reports and explain why this claim lacks scientific credibility and is dangerous to the public. More than 150 researchers from 11 countries reviewed and endorsed our response. In their reports, the ICA provided no valid clinical scientific evidence that chiropractic care can impact the immune system. We call on regulatory authorities and professional leaders to take robust political and regulatory action against those claiming that chiropractic adjustments have a clinical impact on the immune system."}, {"pmid": 32291954, "pmcid": "PMC7262191", "title": "Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Arachchillage, Deepa R J", "Laffan, Mike"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291954", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387855, "pmcid": "PMC7182529", "title": "Analysis of complement deposition and viral RNA in placentas of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Ann Diagn Pathol", "authors": ["Mulvey, J Justin", "Magro, Cynthia M", "Ma, Lucy X", "Nuovo, Gerard J", "Baergen, Rebecca N"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387855", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is increasingly being recognized as a systemic thrombotic and microvascular injury syndrome that may have its roots in complement activation. We had the opportunity to study the placental pathology of five full-term births to COVID-19 patients. All five exhibited histology indicative of fetal vascular malperfusion characterized by focal avascular villi and thrombi in larger fetal vessels. Vascular complement deposition in the placentas was not abnormal, and staining for viral RNA and viral spike protein was negative. While all cases resulted in healthy, term deliveries, these findings indicate the systemic nature of COVID-19 infection. The finding of vascular thrombosis without complement deposition may reflect the systemic nature of COVID-19's procoagulant effects unrelated to systemic complement activation."}, {"pmid": 32485473, "pmcid": "PMC7243755", "title": "Evaluation of nCoV-QS (MiCo BioMed) for RT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal samples using CDC FDA EUA qPCR kit as a gold standard: An example of the need of validation studies.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Freire-Paspuel, Byron", "Vega-Marino, Patricio", "Velez, Alberto", "Castillo, Paulina", "Cruz, Marilyn", "Garcia-Bereguiain, Miguel Angel"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485473", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several qPCR kits are available for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, mostly lacking of evaluation due to covid19 emergency. We evaluated nCoV-QS (MiCo BioMed) kit using CDC kit as gold standard. We found limitations for nCoV-QS: 1) lower sensitivity 2) lack of RNA quality control probe. Validation studies should be implemented for any SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR commercial kit to prevent unreliable diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32388328, "pmcid": "PMC7198404", "title": "Challenges and solutions in meeting up the urgent requirement of ventilators for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Iyengar, Karthikeyan", "Bahl, Shashi", "Raju Vaishya", "Vaish, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severely affected patients in the COVID-19 pandemic need Ventilators, we chart the challenges faced by the health care systems in procuring these machines and the role of 3-D printing technology in building ventilators. We tried to find the current role, availability and need of ventilators in the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of applied innovative technologies is assessed. We have done a comprehensive review of the literature using suitable keywords on the search engines of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Research Gate in the second week of April 2020. We found in our review that there is an acute shortage of the ventilators and the manpower to operate these sophisticated machines. There is significant deficiency in the production and supply chain of the ventilators. Many of the seriously ill patients who require hospitalization may need ventilator support. Non-invasive ventilation is not recommended in these patients. As the respiratory illness due to COVID-19 pandemic spreads worldwide, health care systems are facing the tough challenges of acquiring ventilators to support patients. All steps involved in the supply chain management of ventilators are being escalated to produce more ventilators for the coronavirus frontline. Innovative applications of Additive medicine like 3-D printer technology may play key role in delivering sufficient ventilators."}, {"pmid": 32521039, "title": "COVID19 and Headache: A Primer for Trainees.", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Bobker, Sarah M", "Robbins, Matthew S"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521039", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To summarize for the trainee audience the possible mechanisms of headache in patients with COVID19 as well as to outline the impact of the pandemic on patients with headache disorders and headache medicine in clinical practice. COVID19 is a global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, of which a large subset of patients features neurological symptoms, commonly headache. The virus is highly contagious and is, therefore, changing clinical practice by forcing the limitations of in-person visits and procedural treatments, more quickly shifting toward the widespread adaptation of telemedicine services. We review what is currently known about the pathophysiology of COVID19 and how it relates to possible mechanisms of headache, including indirect, potential direct, and secondary causes. Alternative options for the treatment of patients with headache disorders and the use of telemedicine are also explored. Limited information exists regarding the mechanisms and timing of headache in patients with COVID19, though causes relate to plausible direct viral invasion of the nervous system as well as the cytokine release syndrome. Though headache care in the COVID19 era requires alterations, the improved preventive treatment options now available and evidence for feasibility and safety of telemedicine well positions clinicians to take care of such patients, especially in the COVID19 epicenter of New York City."}, {"pmid": 32488551, "pmcid": "PMC7265663", "title": "COVID-19 Lockdowns: Impact on Facility-Based HIV Testing and the Case for the Scaling Up of Home-Based Testing Services in Sub-Saharan Africa.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Mhango, Malizgani", "Chitungo, Itai", "Dzinamarira, Tafadzwa"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488551", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370558, "pmcid": "PMC7218462", "title": "Atrial Arrhythmias in a Patient Presenting With Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Infection.", "journal": "J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep", "authors": ["Seecheran, Rajeev", "Narayansingh, Roshni", "Giddings, Stanley", "Rampaul, Marlon", "Furlonge, Kurt", "Abdool, Kamille", "Bhagwandass, Neal", "Seecheran, Naveen Anand"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370558", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has significant potential cardiovascular implications for patients. These include myocarditis, acute coronary syndromes, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies with heart failure and cardiogenic shock, and venous thromboembolic events. We describe a Caribbean-Black gentleman with COVID-19 infection presenting with atrial arrhythmias, namely, atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation, which resolved with rate and rhythm control strategies, and supportive care."}, {"pmid": 32354181, "title": "Twenty-Year Span of Global Coronavirus Research Trends: A Bibliometric Analysis.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Zhou, Yi", "Chen, Liyu"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354181", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic aroused global public concern and became a major medical issue. This study aims to investigate the global research routine and trends of coronavirus over the last twenty years based on the production, hotspots, and frontiers of published articles as well as to provide the global health system with a bibliometric reference. The Web of Science core collection database was retrieved for coronavirus articles published from 1 January 2000 to 17 March 2020. Duplicates and discrete papers were excluded. Analysis parameters including time, regions, impact factors, and citation times were processed through professional software. A total of 9043 coronavirus articles originated from 123 countries and were published in 1202 journals. The USA contributed most articles (3101) followed by China (2230). The research was published in specialized journals including the Journal of Virology. Universities were the main institutions of science progress. High-impact articles covered fields of basic science and clinical medicine. There were two sharp increases in research yields after the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks. International collaborations promoted study progress, and universities and academies act as the main force in coronavirus research. More research on prevention and treatment is needed according to an analysis of term density."}, {"pmid": 32407171, "title": "Strong Social Distancing Measures In The United States Reduced The COVID-19 Growth Rate.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Courtemanche, Charles", "Garuccio, Joseph", "Le, Anh", "Pinkston, Joshua", "Yelowitz, Aaron"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407171", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "State and local governments imposed social distancing measures in March and April of 2020 to contain the spread of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These included large event bans, school closures, closures of entertainment venues, gyms, bars, and restaurant dining areas, and shelter-in-place orders (SIPOs). We evaluated the impact of these measures on the growth rate of confirmed COVID-19 cases across US counties between March 1, 2020 and April 27, 2020. An event-study design allowed each policy's impact on COVID-19 case growth to evolve over time. Adoption of government-imposed social distancing measures reduced the daily growth rate by 5.4\u00a0percentage points after 1-5 days, 6.8 after 6-10 days, 8.2 after 11-15 days, and 9.1 after 16-20 days. Holding the amount of voluntary social distancing constant, these results imply 10 times greater spread by April 27 without SIPOs (10 million cases) and more than 35 times greater spread without any of the four measures (35 million). Our paper illustrates the potential danger of exponential spread in the absence of interventions, providing relevant information to strategies for restarting economic activity. [Editor's Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the peer-reviewed manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.]."}, {"pmid": 32129583, "title": "[Comparison of heart failure and 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in chest CT features and clinical characteristics].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhu, Z W", "Tang, J J", "Chai, X P", "Fang, Z F", "Liu, Q M", "Hu, X Q", "Xu, D Y", "Tang, L", "Tai, S", "Wu, Y Z", "Zhou, S H"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129583", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To identify the characteristics including clinical features and pulmonary computed tomography (CT) features of heart failure and novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19). Methods: This study was a retrospective study. A total of 7 patients with Heart failure and 12 patients with COVID-19 in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between December 1, 2019 and February 15, 2020 were enrolled. The baseline clinical and imaging features of the two groups were statistically analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in age and sex between the two groups, but the incidence of epidemiological contact history, fever or respiratory symptoms in the COVID-19 group was significantly higher than that in the heart failure group (12/12 vs. 2/7, P=0.001; 12/12 vs. 4/7, P<0.001). While the proportion of cardiovascular diseases and impaired cardiac function was significantly less than that of the heart failure group(2/12 vs.7/7, P<0.001; 0/12 vs.7/7, P<0.001). For imaging features, both groups had ground-glass opacity and thickening of interlobular septum, but the ratio of central and gradient distribution was higher in patients with heart failure than that in patients with COVID-19 (4/7 vs. 1/12, P=0.04). In heart failure group, the ratio of the expansion of small pulmonary veins was also higher (3/7 vs. 0, P=0.013), and the lung lesions can be significantly improved after effective anti-heart failure treatment. Besides, there are more disease with rounded morphology in COVID-19 (9/12 vs. 2/7, P=0.048) . Conclusions: More patients with COVID-19 have epidemiological history and fever or respiratory symptoms. There are significant differences in chest CT features, such as enlargement of pulmonary veins, lesions distribution and morphology between heart failure and COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32500388, "pmcid": "PMC7272109", "title": "We Are the First to Applaud You Regarding Your Efforts in COVID-19: A Message from the African Diaspora to Our Brothers and Sisters of Africa.", "journal": "J Racial Ethn Health Disparities", "authors": ["Laurencin, Cato T", "McClinton, Aneesah"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500388", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As African countries address the COVID-19 pandemic, we applaud the continent and its efforts in the crisis, and offer a message that includes lessons learned from the American experience."}, {"pmid": 32324422, "title": "Accurate Statistics on COVID-19 Are Essential for Policy Guidance and Decisions.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Pearce, Neil", "Vandenbroucke, Jan P", "VanderWeele, Tyler J", "Greenland, Sander"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289263, "pmcid": "PMC7153529", "title": "An Infectious cDNA Clone of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Xie, Xuping", "Muruato, Antonio", "Lokugamage, Kumari G", "Narayanan, Krishna", "Zhang, Xianwen", "Zou, Jing", "Liu, Jianying", "Schindewolf, Craig", "Bopp, Nathen E", "Aguilar, Patricia V", "Plante, Kenneth S", "Weaver, Scott C", "Makino, Shinji", "LeDuc, James W", "Menachery, Vineet D", "Shi, Pei-Yong"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289263", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), underscores the urgency to develop experimental systems for studying this virus and identifying countermeasures. We report a reverse genetic system for SARS-CoV-2. Seven complimentary DNA (cDNA) fragments spanning the SARS-CoV-2 genome were assembled into a full-genome cDNA. RNA transcribed from the full-genome cDNA was highly infectious after electroporation into cells, producing 2.9\u00a0\u00d7 106 plaque-forming unit (PFU)/mL of virus. Compared with a clinical isolate, the infectious-clone-derived SARS-CoV-2 (icSARS-CoV-2) exhibited similar plaque morphology, viral RNA profile, and replication kinetics. Additionally, icSARS-CoV-2 retained engineered molecular markers and did not acquire other mutations. We generated a stable mNeonGreen SARS-CoV-2 (icSARS-CoV-2-mNG) by introducing this reporter gene into ORF7 of the viral genome. icSARS-CoV-2-mNG was successfully used to evaluate the antiviral activities of interferon (IFN). Collectively, the reverse genetic system and reporter virus provide key reagents to study SARS-CoV-2 and develop countermeasures."}, {"pmid": 32396397, "title": "Managing Diabetes in Pregnancy Before, During, and After COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Technol Ther", "authors": ["Murphy, Helen R"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396397", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                     Pregnant women with diabetes are identified as being more vulnerable to the severe effects of COVID-19 and advised to stringently follow social distancing measures. Here, we review the management of diabetes in pregnancy before and during the lockdown. \n                        Methods:\n                     Majority of antenatal diabetes and obstetric visits are provided remotely, with pregnant women attending hospital clinics only for essential ultrasound scans and labor and delivery. Online resources for supporting women planning pregnancy and for self-management of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using intermittent or continuous glucose monitoring are provided. Retinal screening procedures, intrapartum care, and the varying impact of lockdown on maternal glycemic control are considered. Alternative screening procedures for diagnosing hyperglycemia during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are discussed. Case histories describe the remote initiation of insulin pump therapy and automated insulin delivery in T1D pregnancy. \n                        Results:\n                     Initial feedback suggests that video consultations are well received and that the patient experiences for women requiring face-to-face visits are greatly improved. As the pandemic eases, formal evaluation of remote models of diabetes education and technology implementation, including women's views, will be important. \n                        Conclusions:\n                     Research and audit activities will resume and we will find new ways for supporting pregnant women with diabetes to choose their preferred glucose monitoring and insulin delivery."}, {"pmid": 32297589, "pmcid": "PMC7253101", "title": "COVID-19: Global Health Equity in Pandemic Response.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Ivers, Louise C", "Walton, David A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297589", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284363, "title": "Acute neurology during the COVID-19 pandemic: Supporting the front line.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Majersik, Jennifer J", "Reddy, Vivek K"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284363", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neurologists are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in several key ways, including: a reduced ability to admit and accept in transfer critically ill neurologic patients due to census overflow; personal risk of exposure to COVID-19; and potentially redeployment of the acute neurologist workforce towards general medicine to assist our colleagues managing the surge of medical patients. As providers of inpatient and emergency-based acute neurologic care, we have been attempting to locally prepare for and manage the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on 3 key areas: creating an integrated preparation plan that supports hospital measures; building an optimized, flexible, and redundant workforce; and maintaining a high level of neurologic care in our hospital and across our region despite limited transfer capabilities during the pandemic. This final concern is of key relevance in our region where our tertiary hospital supports numerous smaller community hospitals, typically by providing an open door to patient transfers. These hospitals are often in rural or frontier regions and are also affected by COVID-19, so not only are beginning to experience their own bed and clinician shortages,1 but are understandably nervous about what the pandemic means for the availability of traditional support systems for other non-COVID-related diseases."}, {"pmid": 32505755, "title": "Effect Of Almitrine Bismesylate And Inhaled Nitric Oxide On Oxygenation In Covid-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Cardinale, Michael", "Esnault, Pierre", "Cotte, Jean", "Cungi, Pierre J", "Goutorbe, Philippe"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505755", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448690, "pmcid": "PMC7153524", "title": "Commentary: Rethinking surgical protocols in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Engelman, Daniel T", "Arora, Rakesh C"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448690", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321234, "title": "Covid-19: Simulation models for epidemics.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Kristiansen, Ivar Sonbo", "Burger, Emily Annika", "Blasio, Birgitte Freiesleben de"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321234", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223782, "pmcid": "PMC7203167", "title": "Just the Facts: Airway management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Kovacs, George", "Sowers, Nicholas", "Campbell, Samuel", "French, James", "Atkinson, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223782", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A previously healthy 42-year-old male developed a fever and cough shortly after returning to Canada from overseas. Initially, he had mild upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and a cough. He was aware of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and the advisory to self-isolate and did so; however, he developed increasing respiratory distress over several days and called 911. On arrival at the emergency department (ED), his heart rate was 130 beats/min, respiratory rate 32 per/min, and oxygenation saturation 82% on room air. As per emergency medical services (EMS) protocol, they placed him on nasal prongs under a surgical mask at 5 L/min and his oxygen saturation improved to 86%."}, {"pmid": 32307319, "pmcid": "PMC7158799", "title": "Medication management and adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives and experiences from low-and middle-income countries.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Kretchy, Irene A", "Asiedu-Danso, Michelle", "Kretchy, James-Paul"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307319", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is placing a huge strain on health systems worldwide. Suggested solutions like social distancing and lockdowns in some areas to help contain the spread of the virus may affect special patient populations like those with chronic illnesses who are unable to access healthcare facilities for their routine care and medicines management. Retail pharmacy outlets are the likely facilities for easy access by these patients. The contribution of community pharmacists in these facilities to manage chronic conditions and promote medication adherence during this COVID-19 pandemic will be essential in easing the burden on already strained health systems. This paper highlights the pharmaceutical care practices of community pharmacists for patients with chronic diseases during this pandemic. This would provide support for the call by the WHO to maintain essential services during the pandemic, in order to prevent non-COVID disease burden on healthcare systems particularly in low-and middle-income countries."}, {"pmid": 32125642, "pmcid": "PMC7090474", "title": "Understanding SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Inflammatory Responses: From Mechanisms to Potential Therapeutic Tools.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Fu, Yajing", "Cheng, Yuanxiong", "Wu, Yuntao"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125642", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently there is no effective antiviral therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection, which frequently leads to fatal inflammatory responses and acute lung injury. Here, we discuss the various mechanisms of SARS-CoV-mediated inflammation. We also assume that SARS-CoV-2 likely shares similar inflammatory responses. Potential therapeutic tools to reduce SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory responses include various methods to block FcR activation. In the absence of a proven clinical FcR blocker, the use of intravenous immunoglobulin to block FcR activation may be a viable option for the urgent treatment of pulmonary inflammation to prevent severe lung injury. Such treatment may also be combined with systemic anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids. However, these strategies, as proposed here, remain to be clinically tested for effectiveness."}, {"pmid": 32222166, "pmcid": "PMC7194709", "title": "Antihypertensive drugs and risk of COVID-19?", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Tignanelli, Christopher J", "Ingraham, Nicholas E", "Sparks, Matthew A", "Reilkoff, Ronald", "Bezdicek, Tamara", "Benson, Bradley", "Schacker, Timothy", "Chipman, Jeffrey G", "Puskarich, Michael A"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222166", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393447, "title": "Non-communicable disease management in vulnerable patients during Covid-19.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Basu, Saurav"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393447", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is now well established that non-communicable diseases (NCD), like diabetes mellitus, hypertension,, respiratory and heart disease, particularly among the elderly, increase the susceptibility to COVID-19 disease. Mortality in 60%-90% of the COVID-19 cases is attributed to either one or more of these comorbidities. However, healthcare management for control of COVID-19 involves public health and policy decisions that may critically undermine the existing health needs of the most vulnerable NCD patients. Temporary closure of outpatient health facilities in some secondary and tertiary care hospitals have deprived millions of NCD patients of their regular medication and diagnostic health needs. The lack of robust primary healthcare facilities in most states, and the failure to maintain physical distancing norms due to inadequate infrastructure is also problematic. In the absence of effective public health interventions, socioeconomically vulnerable patients are likely to become non-adherent increasing manifold their risk of disease complications. In this context, the feasibility of dispensing longer than usual drug refills for chronic NCD conditions at functional government health facilities, home delivery of essential drugs, running dedicated NCD clinics at PHCs, and utilisation of telemedicine opportunities for care and support to patients warrant aggressive exploration. Keywords: Covid-19, NCDs, Medical ethics, epidemic, India."}, {"pmid": 32280433, "pmcid": "PMC7118541", "title": "Predicting commercially available antiviral drugs that may act on the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) through a drug-target interaction deep learning model.", "journal": "Comput Struct Biotechnol J", "authors": ["Beck, Bo Ram", "Shin, Bonggun", "Choi, Yoonjung", "Park, Sungsoo", "Kang, Keunsoo"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32280433", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The infection of a novel coronavirus found in Wuhan of China (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly spreading, and the incidence rate is increasing worldwide. Due to the lack of effective treatment options for SARS-CoV-2, various strategies are being tested in China, including drug repurposing. In this study, we used our pre-trained deep learning-based drug-target interaction model called Molecule Transformer-Drug Target Interaction (MT-DTI) to identify commercially available drugs that could act on viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2. The result showed that atazanavir, an antiretroviral medication used to treat and prevent the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is the best chemical compound, showing an inhibitory potency with Kd of 94.94\u00a0nM against the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like proteinase, followed by remdesivir (113.13\u00a0nM), efavirenz (199.17\u00a0nM), ritonavir (204.05\u00a0nM), and dolutegravir (336.91\u00a0nM). Interestingly, lopinavir, ritonavir, and darunavir are all designed to target viral proteinases. However, in our prediction, they may also bind to the replication complex components of SARS-CoV-2 with an inhibitory potency with Kd \u00a0<\u00a01000\u00a0nM. In addition, we also found that several antiviral agents, such as Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir), could be used for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Overall, we suggest that the list of antiviral drugs identified by the MT-DTI model should be considered, when establishing effective treatment strategies for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32322758, "pmcid": "PMC7175910", "title": "Management of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Necessary Paradigm Change at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Romesser, Paul B", "Wu, Abraham J", "Cercek, Andrea", "Smith, J Joshua", "Weiser, Martin", "Saltz, Leonard", "Garcia-Aguilar, Julio", "Crane, Christopher H"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322758", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic will consume significant health care resources. Given concerns for rapidly rising infection rates in the US, impending staffing shortages, and potential for resource re-allocation, we rapidly re-evaluated our rectal cancer practice polices during this public health emergency. Previous to the pandemic we commonly utilized total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) with a strong preference for long course chemoradiation (LCCRT). In the setting of the ongoing pandemic we now mandate short course radiation therapy (SCRT). Despite multiple randomized trials demonstrating no difference in locoregional recurrence, distant recurrence, or overall survival between SCRT and LRCCT, adaptation of SCRT in the United States has been low given concerns for less tumor downstaging and increased toxicity. In the setting of the ongoing and likely prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, we feel that these concerns must be re-evaluated, as SCRT presents a well-validated alternative that will allow us to meet the needs of a greater number of potentially curable patients, at a time when our resources are severely and acutely constrained."}, {"pmid": 32306496, "pmcid": "PMC7264497", "title": "Strategies for prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 in the dental field.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Lee, Yeon-Hee", "Auh, Q-Schick"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306496", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464657, "title": "Racism and the Political Economy of COVID-19: Will We Continue to Resurrect the Past?", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Bailey, Zinzi D", "Moon, J Robin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464657", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is not spreading over a level playing field; structural racism is embedded within the fabric of American culture, infrastructure investments, and public policy, and fundamentally drives inequities. The same racism that has driven the systematic dismantling of the American social safety-net has also created the policy recipe for American structural vulnerability to the impacts of this and other pandemics. The Bronx provides an important case study for investigating the historical roots of structural inequities showcased by this pandemic; current lived experiences of Bronx residents are rooted in the racialized dismantling of New York City's public infrastructure and systematic disinvestment. The story of the Bronx is repeating itself, only this time with a novel virus. In order to address the root causes of inequities in cases and deaths due to COVID-19, we need to focus not just on restarting the economy, but on reimagining the economy, divesting of systems rooted in racism and the devaluation of Black and Brown lives."}, {"pmid": 32356577, "pmcid": "PMC7261990", "title": "Biologics increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization, but not ICU admission and death: Real-life data from a large cohort during red-zone declaration.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Damiani, Giovanni", "Pacifico, Alessia", "Bragazzi, Nicola L", "Malagoli, Piergiorgio"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356577", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During COVID-19 outbreak there are discordant opinions toward the impact on biologics in psoriatic (PsO) patients. Thus we performed a single-center case-control study in Lombardia, the Italian region with the higher number of COVID-19 confirmed cases. We enrolled 1193 PsO patients treated with biologics and small molecules and we used the entire Lombardia population as controls. Notably, 17 PsO patients COVID-19 confirmed were quarantined at home and five hospitalized, no PsO patients were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) or died. With respect to the general population of Lombardy, patients on biologics were at higher risk to test positive for COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] 3.43 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.25-5.73], P\u2009<\u2009.0001), to be self-quarantined at home (OR 9.05 [95% CI 5.61-14.61], P\u2009<\u2009.0001) and hospitalized (OR 3.59 [95% CI 1.49-8.63], P = .0044), however, not increased risk of ICU admission or death were found. PsO patients on biologics should be carefully monitored with telemedicine during COVID-19 outbreak and early treated at home to limit hospital overwhelm."}, {"pmid": 32347405, "pmcid": "PMC7188491", "title": "COVID-19: Increased Risk to the Mental Health and Safety of Women Living with HIV in South Africa.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Joska, John A", "Andersen, Lena", "Rabie, Stephan", "Marais, Adele", "Ndwandwa, Esona-Sethu", "Wilson, Patrick", "King, Aisha", "Sikkema, Kathleen J"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347405", "countries": ["South Africa"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315884, "pmcid": "PMC7162758", "title": "COVID-19 paranoia in a patient suffering from schizophrenic psychosis - a case report.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Fischer, M", "Coogan, A N", "Faltraco, F", "Thome, J"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315884", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483525, "pmcid": "PMC7236721", "title": "A fatal case of COVID-19 due to metabolic acidosis following dysregulate inflammatory response (cytokine storm).", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Chhetri, Shabnam", "Khamis, Faryal", "Pandak, Nenad", "Al Khalili, Huda", "Said, Elias", "Petersen, Eskild"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483525", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 has been expanding worldwide. As of 17 April 2020, the death toll stands at a sobering 147,027 and over two million cases, this has been straining the health care systems all over. Respiratory failure has been cited as the major cause of death but here we present a case about a patient who instead succumbed to severe metabolic acidosis with multiple organ failure."}, {"pmid": 32363750, "pmcid": "PMC7267182", "title": "A Chemographic Audit of anti-Coronavirus Structure-Activity Information from Public Databases (ChEMBL).", "journal": "Mol Inform", "authors": ["Horvath, Dragos", "Orlov, Alexey", "Osolodkin, Dmitry I", "Ishmukhametov, Aydar A", "Marcou, Gilles", "Varnek, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363750", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Discovery of drugs against newly emerged pathogenic agents like the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (CoV) must be based on previous research against related species. Scientists need to get acquainted with and develop a global oversight over so-far tested molecules. Chemography (herein used Generative Topographic Mapping, in particular) places structures on a human-readable 2D map (obtained by dimensionality reduction of the chemical space of molecular descriptors) and is thus well suited for such an audit. The goal is to map medicinal chemistry efforts so far targeted against CoVs. This includes comparing libraries tested against various virus species/genera, predicting their polypharmacological profiles and highlighting often encountered chemotypes. Maps are challenged to provide predictive activity landscapes against viral proteins. Definition of \"anti-CoV\" map zones led to selection of therein residing 380 potential anti-CoV agents, out of a vast pool of 800\u2005M organic compounds."}, {"pmid": 32525106, "title": "Medical and dental consultants' association of nigeria (MDCAN) standard operating procedure (SOP) on COVID-19 outbreaks for use by consultants and other health workers at service points within hospitals in Nigeria.", "journal": "Niger J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Anyanwu, S Nc", "Nwagha, U", "Chingle, M P", "Ozoilo, K", "Omonisi, A E", "Ohayi, R S", "Taiwo, F O"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525106", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491984, "title": "Parotitis-Like Symptoms Associated with COVID-19, France, March-April 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Chetrit, Annaelle", "Chekkoury-Idrissi, Younes", "Distinguin, Lea", "Circiu, Marta", "Saussez, Sven", "Berradja, Najete", "Edjlali, Myriam", "Hans, Stephane", "Carlier, Robert"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491984", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the clinical features of 3 patients in France who had parotitis (inflammation of the parotid salivary glands) as a clinical manifestation of confirmed coronavirus disease. Results from magnetic resonance imaging support the occurrence of intraparotid lymphadenitis, leading to a parotitis-like clinical picture."}, {"pmid": 32376403, "pmcid": "PMC7252139", "title": "Imatinib might constitute a treatment option for lung involvement in COVID-19.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Bernal-Bello, David", "Jaenes-Barrios, Beatriz", "Morales-Ortega, Alejandro", "Ruiz-Giardin, Jose Manuel", "Garcia-Bermudez, Virginia", "Frutos-Perez, Begona", "Farfan-Sedano, Ana Isabel", "de Ancos-Aracil, Cristina", "Bermejo, Fernando", "Garcia-Gil, Mario", "Zapatero-Gaviria, Antonio", "San Martin-Lopez, Juan Victor"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376403", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363508, "pmcid": "PMC7196527", "title": "Letter to editor: brain awareness week, CoVID-19 infection and neurological sciences.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Mosaferchi, Saeedeh", "Mortezapour, Alireza", "Heidarimoghadam, Rashid"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363508", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207208, "title": "How to perform lung ultrasound in pregnant women with suspected COVID-19.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Moro, F", "Buonsenso, D", "Moruzzi, M C", "Inchingolo, R", "Smargiassi, A", "Demi, L", "Larici, A R", "Scambia, G", "Lanzone, A", "Testa, A C"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207208", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Under certain circumstances, such as during the current COVID-19 outbreak, pregnant women can be a target for respiratory infection, and lung examination may be required as part of their clinical evaluation, ideally while avoiding exposure to radiation. We propose a practical approach for obstetricians/gynecologists to perform lung ultrasound examination, discussing potential applications, semiology and practical aspects, which could be of particular importance in emergency situations, such as the current pandemic infection of COVID-19. Copyright \u00a9 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd."}, {"pmid": 32389392, "pmcid": "PMC7252111", "title": "\"Water, water, everywhere\": a challenge to ventilators in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Fullick, James", "Oliver, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372043, "title": "Let COVID-19 expand awareness of disability tech.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Shew, Ashley"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372043", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271456, "title": "Clinical efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Ye, X-T", "Luo, Y-L", "Xia, S-C", "Sun, Q-F", "Ding, J-G", "Zhou, Y", "Chen, W", "Wang, X-F", "Zhang, W-W", "Du, W-J", "Ruan, Z-W", "Hong, L"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271456", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which outbroke in December 2019 is highly contagious with a low cure rate. In view of this, there is an urgent need to find a more appropriate therapeutic scheme against COVID-19. The study aimed to investigate whether lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in combination with other pneumonia-associated adjuvant drugs has a better therapeutic effect on COVID-19. Totally 47 patients with COVID-19 infection who were admitted to Rui'an People's Hospital between January 22 and January 29, 2020 were collected. The patients were divided into the test group and the control group according to whether they had been treated with LPV/r or not during hospitalization. Patients in the test group were treated with LPV/r combined with adjuvant medicine, while those in the control group were just treated with adjuvant medicine. The changes of body temperature, blood routine and blood biochemistry between the two groups were observed and compared. Both groups achieved good therapeutic effect with the body temperature of patients decreased gradually from admission to the 10th day of treatment. But the body temperature of patients in the test group decreased faster than that of the control group. Blood routine indexes showed that compared with the control group, the abnormal proportion of white blood cells, lymphocytes and C-reactive protein of the test group could be reduced to some extent. Blood biochemical indexes exhibited that the proportion of patients with abnormal alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the test group were lower than the control group. The number of days for nCoV-RNA turning negative after treatment was significantly decreased in the test group than that in the control group. Compared with the treatment of pneumonia-associated adjuvant drugs alone, the combination treatment with LPV/r and adjuvant drugs has a more evident therapeutic effect in lowering the body temperature and restoring normal physiological mechanisms with no evident toxic and side effects. In view of these conclusions, we suggested that the use of LPV/r combined with pneumonia-associated adjuvant drugs in the clinical treatment for patients with COVID-19 should be promoted."}, {"pmid": 32369217, "pmcid": "PMC7267432", "title": "Transmission and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in 104 outside-Wuhan patients, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Qiu, Chengfeng", "Deng, Ziwei", "Xiao, Qian", "Shu, Yuanlu", "Deng, Ye", "Wang, Hongqiang", "Liao, Xin", "Liu, Huiwen", "Zhou, Dinghui", "Zhao, Xiang", "Zhou, Jianliang", "Wang, Jin", "Shi, Zhihua", "Long, Da"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369217", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cases with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emigrated from Wuhan escalated the risk of spreading in other cities. This report focused on the outside-Wuhan patients to assess the transmission and clinical characteristics of this illness. Contact investigation was conducted on each patient who admitted to the assigned hospitals in Hunan Province (geographically adjacent to Wuhan) from Jan 22, 2020 to Feb 23, 2020. Patients were confirmed by PCR test. Demographic, clinical and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Of the 104 patients, 48 (46.15%) were imported cases who were immigrated from Wuhan; 93 (89.42%) had a definite contact history with infections. Family clusters were the major body of patients. Transmission along the chain of 3 \"generations\" was observed. Five asymptomatic infections were found and 2 of them infected their relatives. Mean age was 43 (rang, 8-84) years and 49 (47.12%) were male. The median incubation period was 6 (rang, 1-32) days, of 8 patients ranged from 18 to 32 days, 96 (92.31%) discharged and 1 (0.96%) died. Average hospital stay was 10 (rang, 8-14) days. Family but not community transmission occupied the main body of infections in the two centers, suggesting the timely control measures after the Wuhan shutdown wok well. Asymptomatic transmission demonstrated here warned us that it may bring more risk to the spread of COVID-19. A 14-day quarantine may need to be prolonged. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32282992, "pmcid": "PMC7262060", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: Utilizing an ethical framework for rationing absolutely scarce health-care resources in transplant allocation decisions.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Wall, Anji E", "Pruett, Timothy", "Stock, Peter", "Testa, Giuliano"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282992", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is impacting transplant programs around the world, and, as the center of the pandemic shifts to the United States, we have to prepare to make decisions about which patients to transplant during times of constrained resources. In this paper, we discuss how to transition from the traditional justice vs utility consideration in organ allocation to a more nuanced allocation scheme based on ethical values that drive decisions in times of absolute scarcity. We recognize that many decisions are made based on the practical limitations that transplant programs face, especially at the extremes. As programs make the transition from a standard approach to a resource-constrained approach to transplantation, we utilize a framework for ethical decisions in settings of absolutely scarce resources to help guide programs in deciding which patients to transplant, which donors to accept, how to minimize risk, and how to ensure the best utilization of transplant team members."}, {"pmid": 32360484, "pmcid": "PMC7194979", "title": "Chemical composition and pharmacological mechanism of Qingfei Paidu Decoction and Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): In silico and experimental study.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Yang, Ruocong", "Liu, Hao", "Bai, Chen", "Wang, Yingchao", "Zhang, Xiaohui", "Guo, Rui", "Wu, Siying", "Wang, Jianxun", "Leung, Elaine", "Chang, Hang", "Li, Peng", "Liu, Tiegang", "Wang, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360484", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a huge threaten to global health, which raise urgent demand of developing efficient therapeutic strategy. The aim of the present study is to dissect the chemical composition and the pharmacological mechanism of Qingfei Paidu Decoction (QFPD), a clinically used Chinese medicine for treating COVID-19 patients in China. Through comprehensive analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS), a total of 129 compounds of QFPD were putatively identified. We also constructed molecular networking of mass spectrometry data to classify these compounds into 14 main clusters, in which exhibited specific patterns of flavonoids (45 %), glycosides (15 %), carboxylic acids (10 %), and saponins (5 %). The target network model of QFPD, established by predicting and collecting the targets of identified compounds, indicated a pivotal role of Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction (MXSG) in the therapeutic efficacy of QFPD. Supportively, through transcriptomic analysis of gene expression after MXSG administration in rat model of LPS-induced pneumonia, the thrombin and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway were suggested to be essential pathways for MXSG mediated anti-inflammatory effects. Besides, changes in content of major compounds in MXSG during decoction were found by the chemical analysis. We also validate that one major compound in MXSG, i.e. glycyrrhizic acid, inhibited TLR agonists induced IL-6 production in macrophage. In conclusion, the integration of in silico and experimental results indicated that the therapeutic effects of QFPD against COVID-19 may be attributed to the anti-inflammatory effects of MXSG, which supports the rationality of the compatibility of TCM."}, {"pmid": 32405833, "pmcid": "PMC7220578", "title": "[Hypertension and RAAS inhibition in times of COVID-19 - current recommendations of the European Society of Hypertension.]", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Limbourg, Florian P"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405833", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448098, "title": "Structural and simulation analysis of hotspot residues interactions of SARS-CoV 2 with human ACE2 receptor.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Veeramachaneni, Ganesh Kumar", "Thunuguntla, V B S C", "Bobbillapati, Janakiram", "Bondili, Jayakumar Singh"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448098", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel corona virus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV 2) pandemic outbreak was alarming. The binding of SARS-CoV (CoV) spike protein (S-Protein) Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) to Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor initiates the entry of corona virus into the host cells leading to the infection. However, considering the mutations reported in the SARS-CoV 2 (nCoV), the structural changes and the binding interactions of the S-protein RBD of nCoV were not clear. The present study was designed to elucidate the structural changes, hot spot binding residues and their interactions between the nCoV S-protein RBD and ACE2 receptor through computational approaches. Based on the sequence alignment, a total of 58 residues were found mutated in nCoV S-protein RBD. These mutations led to the structural changes in the nCoV S-protein RBD 3d structure with 4 helices, 10 sheets and intermittent loops. The nCoV RBD was found binding to ACE2 receptor with 11 hydrogen bonds and 1 salt bridge. The major hot spot amino acids involved in the binding identified by interaction analysis after simulations includes Glu 35, Tyr 83, Asp 38, Lys 31, Glu 37, His 34 amino acid residues of ACE2 receptor and Gln 493, Gln 498, Asn 487, Tyr 505 and Lys 417 residues in nCoV S-protein RBD. Based on the hydrogen bonding, RMSD and RMSF, total and potential energies, the nCoV was found binding to ACE2 receptor with higher stability and rigidity. Concluding, the hotspots information will be useful in designing blockers for the nCoV spike protein RBD. [Formula: see text]Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32521776, "title": "Studies of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Global Analysis of Literature.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Tran, Bach Xuan", "Ha, Giang Hai", "Nguyen, Long Hoang", "Vu, Giang Thu", "Hoang, Men Thi", "Le, Huong Thi", "Latkin, Carl A", "Ho, Cyrus S H", "Ho, Roger C M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521776", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a global threat to millions of lives. Enormous efforts in knowledge production have been made in the last few months, requiring a comprehensive analysis to examine the research gaps and to help guide an agenda for further studies. This study aims to explore the current research foci and their country variations regarding levels of income and COVID-19 transmission features. This textual analysis of 5780 publications extracted from the Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus databases was performed to explore the current research foci and propose further research agenda. The Latent Dirichlet allocation was used for topic modeling. Regression analysis was conducted to examine country variations in the research foci. Results indicate that publications are mainly contributed by the United States, China, and European countries. Guidelines for emergency care and surgical, viral pathogenesis, and global responses in the COVID-19 pandemic are the most common topics. There is variation in the research approaches to mitigate COVID-19 problems in countries with different income and transmission levels. Findings highlighted the need for global research collaborations among high- and low/middle-income countries in the different stages of pandemic prevention and control."}, {"pmid": 32348783, "pmcid": "PMC7195008", "title": "Hyperinflammation and derangement of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in COVID-19: A novel hypothesis for clinically suspected hypercoagulopathy and microvascular immunothrombosis.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon Michael", "Vikse, Jens", "Benoit, Stefanie", "Favaloro, Emmanuel J", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348783", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early clinical evidence suggests that severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are frequently characterized by hyperinflammation, imbalance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and a particular form of vasculopathy, thrombotic microangiopathy, and intravascular coagulopathy. In this paper, we present an immunothrombosis model of COVID-19. We discuss the underlying pathogenesis and the interaction between multiple systems, resulting in propagation of immunothrombosis, which through investigation in the coming weeks, may lead to both an improved understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology and identification of innovative and efficient therapeutic targets to reverse the otherwise unfavorable clinical outcome of many of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32377709, "pmcid": "PMC7248467", "title": "Obesity a risk factor for increased COVID19 prevalence, severity and lethality (Review).", "journal": "Mol Med Rep", "authors": ["Petrakis, Demetrios", "Margina, Denisa", "Tsarouhas, Konstantinos", "Tekos, Fotios", "Stan, Miriana", "Nikitovic, Dragana", "Kouretas, Demetrios", "Spandidos, Demetrios A", "Tsatsakis, Aristidis"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377709", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs), enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses, are a group of viruses that cause infections in the human respiratory tract, which can be characterized clinically from mild to fatal. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02 (SARS\u2011CoV\u20112) is the virus responsible. The global spread of COVID\u201119 can be described as the worst pandemic in humanity in the last century. To date, COVID\u201119 has infected more than 3,000,000\u00a0people worldwide and killed more than 200,000\u00a0people. All age groups can be infected from the virus, but more serious symptoms that can possibly result in death are observed in older people and those with underlying medical conditions such as cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. Novel data report more severe symptoms and even a negative prognosis for the obese patients. A growing body of evidence connects obesity with COVID\u201119 and a number of mechanisms from immune system activity attenuation to chronic inflammation are implicated. Lipid peroxidation creates reactive lipid aldehydes which in a patient with metabolic disorder and COVID\u201119 will affect its prognosis. Finally, pregnancy\u2011associated obesity needs to be studied further in connection to COVID\u201119 as this infection could pose high risk both to pregnant women and the fetus."}, {"pmid": 32336473, "pmcid": "PMC7144594", "title": "COVID-19 and gastrointestinal tract.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Sebastian Domingo, Juan Jose"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336473", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32351285, "pmcid": "PMC7188486", "title": "The Need for Prioritizing Cancer Surgeries Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Krishnamurthy, Arvind", "Gopinath, Kodaganur S"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239747, "title": "Early advice on managing children with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic and a call for sharing experiences.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Bouffet, Eric", "Challinor, Julia", "Sullivan, Michael", "Biondi, Andrea", "Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos", "Pritchard-Jones, Kathy"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239747", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32053389, "pmcid": "PMC7144458", "title": "Straining the System: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Preparedness for Concomitant Disasters.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Smith, Nathaniel", "Fraser, Michael"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32053389", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519613, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine and coronavirus disease 19.", "journal": "Lupus", "authors": ["Edwards, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519613", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498749, "title": "Role of pharmacists in COVID-19 disease: a Jordanian perspective.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Abdel Jalil, Mariam H", "Alsous, Mervat M", "Abu Hammour, Khawla", "Saleh, Mais M", "Mousa, Rimal", "Hammad, Eman A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498749", "countries": ["China", "Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel 2019 coronavirus outbreak that first appeared in Wuhan has quickly gained global attention, due to its high transmissibility and devastating clinical and economic outcomes. to assess the possible roles of Jordanian pharmacists in minimizing the stage of community transmission. A cross-sectional survey using Google form targeting Jordanian pharmacists was conducted during March 2020 and distributed electronically via social media. Utilizing the survey tool, we measured the pharmacists' knowledge, the educative activities they perform, and their perceptions regarding undertaking traditional and untraditional roles during the COVID-19 outbreak, as specified by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). Collected data were analyzed using SPSS version-19. Jordanian pharmacists (n=449) reported performing various educative activities and in general they were knowledgeable about various aspects of the COVID-19 disease (median knowledge score: 20 (13-25)), but certain gaps in knowledge were detected that must be addressed. Pharmacists had positive perceptions about both their traditional and untraditional roles specified by the FIP, the median perceptions score was 4 (1-5). Jordanian pharmacists can be utilized to reduce community transmission of the outbreak. However, more actions are required to keep pharmacists knowledgeable with recent disease updates to enable them to perform their tasks effectively during times of crisis."}, {"pmid": 32296837, "pmcid": "PMC7184404", "title": "Epidemiology of seasonal coronaviruses: Establishing the context for COVID-19 emergence.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nickbakhsh, Sema", "Ho, Antonia", "Marques, Diogo F P", "McMenamin, Jim", "Gunson, Rory N", "Murcia, Pablo R"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296837", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health preparedness for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is challenging in the absence of setting-specific epidemiological data. Here we describe the epidemiology of seasonal coronaviruses (sCoVs) and other cocirculating viruses in the West of Scotland, UK. We analyzed routine diagnostic data for >70,000 episodes of respiratory illness tested molecularly for multiple respiratory viruses between 2005 and 2017. Statistical associations with patient age and sex differed between CoV-229E, CoV-OC43 and CoV-NL63. Furthermore, the timing and magnitude of sCoV outbreaks did not occur concurrently and coinfections were not reported. With respect to other cocirculating respiratory viruses, we found evidence of positive, rather than negative, interactions with sCoVs. These findings highlight the importance of considering cocirculating viruses in the differential diagnosis of COVID-19. Further work is needed to establish the occurrence/degree of cross-protective immunity conferred across sCoVs and with COVID-19, as well as the role of viral coinfection in COVID-19 disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32425184, "title": "[Takotsubo syndrome during SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a possible cardiovascular complication].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Moderato, Luca", "Monello, Alberto", "Lazzeroni, Davide", "Binno, Simone", "Giacalone, Rossella", "Ferraro, Stefano", "Piepoli, Massimo Francesco", "Villani, Giovanni Quinto"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425184", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is one of the causes of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries, and is often triggered by physical events (e.g. acute respiratory failure), or emotional events (e.g. loss of a family member, cardiac stress induced by an acute illness). SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia currently represents a worldwide health problem; the correlations between cardiovascular disease, myocardial injury and SARS-CoV-2 infection are still unclear, but initial data show that myocardial damage represents a negative prognostic factor. Myocardial injury during SARS-CoV-2, as defined by a pathological rise in circulating troponin levels, is not an uncommon complication in hospitalized patients, and is significantly more frequent in intensive care unit patients and among those who died. In this setting, myocardial injury is mainly secondary to type 2 myocardial infarction (mismatch in myocardial oxygen supply and demand during respiratory failure); other causes include myocarditis, coronary thrombosis, sepsis or septic shock. At present, only few cases of TTS have been described during SARS-CoV-2. Here we report the case of a patient hospitalized for pneumonia and respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2 with subsequent onset of TTS triggered by both physical and emotional events."}, {"pmid": 32478709, "title": "Stemming COVID-19 in Cuba: Strengths, Strategies, ChallengesFrancisco Duran MD.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Reed, Gail"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478709", "countries": ["Angola", "Cuba"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dr Dur\u00e1n is a native of eastern San-tiago de Cuba and his early medical career began in this mountainous re-gion, where he also headed provin-cial prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. He went on to become rector of the Medical University of Santiago de Cuba and provincial health direc-tor. Later in Havana, Dr Dur\u00e1n was director of medical education and vice minister at the Ministry of Public Health (MINSAP). Abroad, he served as advisor to Angola's Minister of Health, and on his return, as deputy director of Cuba's Pedro Kour\u00ed Tropical Medicine Institute (IPK). Dr Dur\u00e1n has been \"battle-tested\" over the years by his involvement in stemming dengue epidemics and other infectious dis-ease outbreaks, good preparation for his current position as National Direc-tor of Epidemiology. Today, his is the voice and the face on the 11:00 AM briefing carried daily by Cuban television, reporting the latest data on the un-folding COVID-19 pandemic globally, in the Americas and."}, {"pmid": 32512022, "title": "Early administered antibiotics do not impact mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Buetti, Niccolo", "Mazzuchelli, Timothy", "Priore, Elia Lo", "Balmelli, Carlo", "Llamas, Michael", "Pallanza, Micol", "Elzi, Luigia", "Consonni, Vera", "Trimboli, Pierpaolo", "Forni-Ogna, Valentina", "Bernasconi, Enos"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512022", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305937, "title": "Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Imaging Data Acquisition, Segmentation and Diagnosis for COVID-19.", "journal": "IEEE Rev Biomed Eng", "authors": ["Shi, Feng", "Wang, Jun", "Shi, Jun", "Wu, Ziyan", "Wang, Qian", "Tang, Zhenyu", "He, Kelei", "Shi, Yinghuan", "Shen, Dinggang"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305937", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading all over the world. Medical imaging such as X-ray and computed tomography (CT) plays an essential role in the global fight against COVID-19, whereas the recently emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies further strengthen the power of the imaging tools and help medical specialists. We hereby review the rapid responses in the community of medical imaging (empowered by AI) toward COVID-19. For example, AI-empowered image acquisition can significantly help automate the scanning procedure and also reshape the workflow with minimal contact to patients, providing the best protection to the imaging technicians. Also, AI can improve work efficiency by accurate delineation of infections in X-ray and CT images, facilitating subsequent quantification. Moreover, the computer-aided platforms help radiologists make clinical decisions, i.e., for disease diagnosis, tracking, and prognosis. In this review paper, we thus cover the entire pipeline of medical imaging and analysis techniques involved with COVID-19, including image acquisition, segmentation, diagnosis, and follow-up. We particularly focus on the integration of AI with X-ray and CT, both of which are widely used in the frontline hospitals, in order to depict the latest progress of medical imaging and radiology fighting against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32286618, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Mental Health for Children and Adolescents.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Golberstein, Ezra", "Wen, Hefei", "Miller, Benjamin F"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286618", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179910, "pmcid": "PMC7184401", "title": "Clinical Outcomes in 55 Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Who Were Asymptomatic at Hospital Admission in Shenzhen, China.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Yanrong", "Liu, Yingxia", "Liu, Lei", "Wang, Xianfeng", "Luo, Nijuan", "Li, Ling"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179910", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An epidemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread unexpectedly in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, since December 2019. There are few reports about asymptomatic contacts of infected patients identified as positive for SARS-CoV-2 through screening. We studied the epidemiological and clinical outcomes in 55 asymptomatic carriers who were laboratory confirmed to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 through nucleic acid testing of pharyngeal swab samples. The asymptomatic carriers seldom occurred among young people (aged 18-29 years) who had close contact with infected family members. In the majority of patients, the outcome was mild or ordinary 2019 novel coronavirus disease during hospitalization."}, {"pmid": 32506682, "title": "Living donor liver transplants for sick recipients during COVID-19 pandemic- An experience from a tertiary center in India.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Verma, Sapana", "Aleen Agarwal, Shaleen", "Chikkala, Bhargav Ram", "Dey, Rajesh", "Singh, Shekhar", "Varma, Sharat", "Yadav, Vivek", "Das, Divyajyoti", "Goyal, Sumit", "Pandey, Vijay Kanth", "Nasa, Vaibhav", "Madan, Kaushal", "Shweta, Singh", "Tarai, Bansidhar", "Gupta, Subhash"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506682", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has brought elective surgeries including liver transplantation to a standstill. The concerns in Living Donor Liver Transplant (LDLT) were that immunosuppressed recipients and healthy donors would be exposed to nosocomial SARS- CoV-2 infection.1 However, as patients began to suffer and die, Liver Transplant Society of India (LTSI) revised its guidelines 2 and allowed LDLT for those who were very sick, or had just recovered from a life threatening decompensation (high MELD/ CTP score) or had malignancy. Over 90 % of transplants in India are from live donors as we have a very low donation rate."}, {"pmid": 32487927, "title": "Associations Between State Public Health Agency Structure and Pace and Extent of Implementation of Social Distancing Control Measures.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Strickland, Colten J", "Karaye, Ibraheem M", "Horney, Jennifer A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487927", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess associations between state public health agency governance and timing and extent of implementation of social distancing control measures during COVID-19 response. State public health agencies were stratified by governance, and data on timing and extent of social distancing were collected from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Multinomial logistic regression and time-to-event analyses were conducted to quantify impacts of governance structure on timing and extent of social distancing. State health departments in the United States. States operating under centralized public health governance structures enacted social distancing 4 days after decentralized states and had a 73% reduced likelihood of enacting a social distancing policy (hazard ratio = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.86). State health department governance structure may have implications on timing and extent of social distancing control measures implemented during a public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32466392, "title": "Model for Taking Care of Patients with Early Childhood Caries during the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Cianetti, Stefano", "Pagano, Stefano", "Nardone, Michele", "Lombardo, Guido"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pending the availability of vaccines to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the current solution is \"social distancing\" with a reduction of dental treatments to those assessed as urgent and emergency cases. These treatments also involve Early Childhood Caries (ECC) due to the fact that this disease affects preschool children (a vulnerable population) and, in addition, shows a propensity to evolve into more serious complications (dental pain, infections). A narrative review was carried out to support a protocol for treating ECC with efficacious and safe (in terms of SARS-CoV-2 transmission) procedures. Protocol involves criteria for patients' selection remotely (telemedicine), and well-detailed criteria/equipment and hygiene procedures to combat against SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Moreover, the protocol proposes innovative caries treatments, named Minimally Invasive Treatments (MITs), well known in pedodontics for their high level of children's acceptance during dental care. MITs allow for caries removal (particularly in primary teeth) without any high-speed rotating instrument cooled with nebulized air-water spray (with high risk of virus environmental diffusion), usually adopted during traditional treatments. For evaluating MITs effectiveness in caries management, only Systematic Review and Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) were included in our study, without any risk of bias assessment. The indications proposed in this protocol could support clinicians for the temporary management of ECC until the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic ends."}, {"pmid": 32243778, "pmcid": "PMC7271264", "title": "Ensuring global access to COVID-19 vaccines.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Yamey, Gavin", "Schaferhoff, Marco", "Hatchett, Richard", "Pate, Muhammad", "Zhao, Feng", "McDade, Kaci Kennedy"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243778", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308258, "pmcid": "PMC7156225", "title": "Analysis and forecast of COVID-19 spreading in China, Italy and France.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Fanelli, Duccio", "Piazza, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308258", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "France"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this note we analyze the temporal dynamics of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China, Italy and France in the time window \n                        \n                            22\n                            /\n                            01\n                            -\n                            15\n                            /\n                            03\n                            /\n                            2020\n                        \n                     . A first analysis of simple day-lag maps points to some universality in the epidemic spreading, suggesting that simple mean-field models can be meaningfully used to gather a quantitative picture of the epidemic spreading, and notably the height and time of the peak of confirmed infected individuals. The analysis of the same data within a simple susceptible-infected-recovered-deaths model indicates that the kinetic parameter that describes the rate of recovery seems to be the same, irrespective of the country, while the infection and death rates appear to be more variable. The model places the peak in Italy around March 21st 2020, with a peak number of infected individuals of about 26000 (not including recovered and dead) and a number of deaths at the end of the epidemics of about 18,000. Since the confirmed cases are believed to be between 10 and 20% of the real number of individuals who eventually get infected, the apparent mortality rate of COVID-19 falls between 4% and 8% in Italy, while it appears substantially lower, between 1% and 3% in China. Based on our calculations, we estimate that 2500 ventilation units should represent a fair figure for the peak requirement to be considered by health authorities in Italy for their strategic planning. Finally, a simulation of the effects of drastic containment measures on the outbreak in Italy indicates that a reduction of the infection rate indeed causes a quench of the epidemic peak. However, it is also seen that the infection rate needs to be cut down drastically and quickly to observe an appreciable decrease of the epidemic peak and mortality rate. This appears only possible through a concerted and disciplined, albeit painful, effort of the population as a whole."}, {"pmid": 32335929, "pmcid": "PMC7267135", "title": "Telecommuting: A viable option for medical physicists amid the COVID-19 outbreak and beyond.", "journal": "Med Phys", "authors": ["Lincoln, Holly", "Khan, Rao"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335929", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362648, "pmcid": "PMC7224615", "title": "Transmission electron microscopy imaging of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Prasad, Sharda", "Potdar, Varsha", "Cherian, Sarah", "Abraham, Priya", "Basu, Atanu"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362648", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369205, "pmcid": "PMC7267495", "title": "Individualized prediction nomograms for disease progression in mild COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Huang, Jiaofeng", "Cheng, Aiguo", "Lin, Su", "Zhu, Yueyong", "Chen, Gongping"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369205", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a pandemic rapidly. The majority of COVID-19 patients are with mild syndromes. This study aimed to develop models for predicting disease progression in mild cases. The risk factors for the requirement of oxygen support in mild COVID-19 were explored using multivariate logistic regression. Nomogram as visualization of the models was developed using R software. A total of 344 patients with mild COVID-19 were included in the final analysis, 45 of whom progressed and needed high-flow oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation after admission. There were 188 (54.7%) males, and the average age of the cohort was 52.9\u2009\u2009\u00b1\u200916.8 years. When the laboratory data were not included in multivariate analysis, diabetes, coronary heart disease, T\u2009\u2009\u2009\u2265\u2009\u200938.5\u2103 and sputum were independent risk factors of progressive COVID-19 (Model 1). When the blood routine test was included the CHD, T\u2009\u2265\u200938.5\u2103 and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were found to be independent predictors (Model 2). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of model 2 was larger than model 1 (0.872 vs 0.849, P\u2009=\u2009.023). The negative predictive value of both models was greater than 96%, indicating they could serve as simple tools for ruling out the possibility of disease progression. In conclusion, two models comprised common symptoms (fever and sputum), underlying diseases (diabetes and coronary heart disease) and blood routine test are developed for predicting the future requirement of oxygen support in mild COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32330703, "pmcid": "PMC7166106", "title": "Effectiveness of the measures to flatten the epidemic curve of COVID-19. The case of Spain.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Saez, Marc", "Tobias, Aurelio", "Varga, Diego", "Barcelo, Maria Antonia"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330703", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the cases of COVID-19 skyrocketed, showing that it was no longer possible to contain the spread of the disease, the governments of many countries launched mitigation strategies, trying to slow the spread of the epidemic and flatten its curve. The Spanish Government adopted physical distancing measures on March 14; 13\u00a0days after the epidemic outbreak started its exponential growth. Our objective in this paper was to evaluate ex-ante (before the flattening of the curve) the effectiveness of the measures adopted by the Spanish Government to mitigate the COVID-19 epidemic. Our hypothesis was that the behavior of the epidemic curve is very similar in all countries. We employed a time series design, using information from January 17 to April 5, 2020 on the new daily COVID-19 cases from Spain, China and Italy. We specified two generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) with variable response from the Gaussian family (i.e. linear mixed models): one to explain the shape of the epidemic curve of accumulated cases and the other to estimate the effect of the intervention. Just one day after implementing the measures, the variation rate of accumulated cases decreased daily, on average, by 3.059 percentage points, (95% credibility interval: -5.371, -0.879). This reduction will be greater as time passes. The reduction in the variation rate of the accumulated cases, on the last day for which we have data, has reached 5.11 percentage points. The measures taken by the Spanish Government on March 14, 2020 to mitigate the epidemic curve of COVID-19 managed to flatten the curve and although they have not (yet) managed to enter the decrease phase, they are on the way to do so."}, {"pmid": 32352366, "title": "How to Deal with COVID-19 Pandemic: A Radiologic Approach.", "journal": "Turk Thorac J", "authors": ["Gezer, Naciye Sinem"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352366", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386664, "pmcid": "PMC7195319", "title": "COVID-19: The forgotten priorities of the pandemic.", "journal": "Maturitas", "authors": ["Mesa Vieira, Cristina", "Franco, Oscar H", "Gomez Restrepo, Carlos", "Abel, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386664", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The zoonotic virus now named SARS-CoV-2 first infected humans in China, and COVID-19 has rapidly become pandemic. To mitigate its impact on societies, health systems and economies, countries have adopted non-pharmacological preventive practices such as 'spatial' or 'social' distancing, the use of protective masks, and handwashing; these have been widely implemented. However, measures aimed at protecting physical health and healthcare systems have side-effects that might have a big impact on individuals' wellbeing. As the pandemic reaches low- and middle-income countries, weaker health systems, limited resources and the lower socioeconomic status of their populations make halting the pandemic more challenging. In this article, we explore the impact of COVID-19 and its prevention measures on the wellbeing of vulnerable populations. Special attention must be given to homeless, indigenous, migrant and imprisoned populations, as well as people living with disabilities and the elderly. More than just resolute governmental action will be required to overcome the pandemic. Links between science and political actions have to be strengthened. Fighting COVID-19 is a collective endeavour and community action, on a global scale, is of paramount importance."}, {"pmid": 32493713, "title": "Medical students and COVID-19: the need for pandemic preparedness.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["O'Byrne, Lorcan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493713", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted unprecedented global disruption. For medical schools, this has manifested as examination and curricular restructuring as well as significant changes to clinical attachments. With the available evidence suggesting that medical students' mental health status is already poorer than that of the general population, with academic stress being a chief predictor, such changes are likely to have a significant effect on these students. In addition, there is an assumption that these students are an available resource in terms of volunteerism during a crisis. This conjecture should be questioned; however, as those engaging in such work without sufficient preparation are susceptible to moral trauma and adverse health outcomes. This, in conjunction with the likelihood of future pandemics, highlights the need for 'pandemic preparedness' to be embedded in the medical curriculum."}, {"pmid": 32458547, "title": "Decline in invasive pneumococcus diseases while combating the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan.", "journal": "Kaohsiung J Med Sci", "authors": ["Tsai, Jong-Rung", "Yang, Chih-Jen", "Huang, Wei-Ling", "Chen, Yen-Hsu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458547", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530714, "title": "Cigarette Smoking and COVID-19: A Complex Interaction.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Polverino, Francesca"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530714", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32141588, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak: preparedness and readiness of countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.", "journal": "East Mediterr Health J", "authors": ["Al-Mandhari, Ahmed", "Samhouri, Dalia", "Abubakar, Abdinasir", "Brennan, Richard"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32141588", "countries": ["China", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019, a cluster of acute respiratory illness was reported from China and later confirmed as novel coronavirus on 7 January 2020. This virus is the same member of the coronavirus family that caused the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) reported in China 2003, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. The initial cases have been linked to a live seafood market in Wuhan, China, and the specific animal source is yet to be determined. The detection of this new virus in humans without knowing the source of the infection has raised greatly heightened concerns not only in China, but also internationally. To date, the outbreak has spread to most provinces in China and 25 other countries within a relatively short period. Consequent to its spread, Dr Tedros Ghebreyesus, Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO), declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020."}, {"pmid": 32433635, "title": "Six tips for data sharing in the age of the coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Gewin, Virginia"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433635", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362390, "pmcid": "PMC7118652", "title": "COVID-19 illness in native and immunosuppressed states: A clinical-therapeutic staging proposal.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Siddiqi, Hasan K", "Mehra, Mandeep R"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362390", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529229, "pmcid": "PMC7184397", "title": "A Laboratory Risk Assessment during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Appl Lab Med", "authors": ["Nichols, James H", "Rauch, Carol A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529229", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381288, "pmcid": "PMC7195032", "title": "Covid-19: The challenges facing endocrinology.", "journal": "Ann Endocrinol (Paris)", "authors": ["Pugeat, Michel", "Chabre, Olivier", "Van Tyghem, Marie-Christine"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381288", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504100, "pmcid": "PMC7274940", "title": "Ocular manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Bostanci Ceran, Basak", "Ozates, Serdar"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504100", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global public health problem, and most of the COVID-19 research is focused mainly on the respiratory system because of life-threatening results. However, manifestations in other organs should not be ignored since they can also be a mode of transmission. We sought to describe the ocular manifestations of COVID-19 and investigate the association between ocular involvement and clinical presentation and laboratory outcomes. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March 1, 2020, and April 30, 2020. Ninety-three sequentially hospitalized and clinically confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in the study. The systemic and ocular symptoms, clinical findings, and laboratory outcomes were recorded. Of the 93 COVID-19 patients, 54 (58.1%) were male, and 39 (41.9%) were female. Mean age of the patients was 39.4 \u00b1 21.9 (min 7, max 88) years. Twenty patients (n 21.5%) had at least one ocular abnormality. Most common findings included hyperemia (n = 20), epiphora (n = 9), increased secretion (n = 6), chemosis (n = 3), follicular conjunctivitis (n = 2), and episcleritis (n = 2). The most common symptom was photophobia (n 15). Patients with ocular involvement were more likely to have higher neutrophil counts (p = 0.001), and increased CRP (p < 0.001), PCT (p = 0.001), and ESR levels (p < 0.001). Mean lymphocyte count was statistically lower in patients with ocular manifestations (p = 0.001). Mean age and number of patients with fever over 37.3 \u00b0C in the ocular involvement group was found to be higher (p < 0.001, p = 0.006, respectively). Older age, high fever, increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and high levels of acute phase reactants seemed to be risk factors for ocular involvement."}, {"pmid": 32253182, "title": "Social distancing in covid-19: what are the mental health implications?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Venkatesh, Ashwin", "Edirappuli, Shantal"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253182", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404728, "title": "THE COVID-19 Pandemic: Overview and Integrative Health Approaches.", "journal": "Holist Nurs Pract", "authors": ["Ross, Stephanie Maxine"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404728", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316872, "title": "COVID-19: Facts, Cultural Considerations, and Risk of Stigmatization.", "journal": "J Transcult Nurs", "authors": ["Bruns, Debra Pettit", "Kraguljac, Nina Vanessa", "Bruns, Thomas R"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316872", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data on COVID-19 supports targeted social distancing could be an effective way to reduce morbidity and mortality, but could inadvertently increase stigma for affected populations. As health care providers we must be aware of the facts of COVID-19, cultural implications, and potential for stigmatization of populations affected by COVID-2019. It is important to consider the real economic impact related to lost workdays due to quarantine and social isolation efforts as well as travel restrictions that may negatively impact access to care and ability to pay for care. Efforts geared towards general education about the disease and the rationale for quarantine and public health information provided to the general public can reduce stigmatization. Countries who are successful at aggressive screening, early identification, patient isolation, contact tracing, quarantine, and infection control methods should also address the risk of stigmatization among populations and the negative effects which could occur. The cases of COVID-19 will continue to rise and the virus will be sustainable for future infections. Timely and appropriate public health interventions addressing cultural impact and risk for stigmatization along with proper screening, treatment, and follow up for affected individuals and close contacts can reduce the number of infections, serious illness, and deaths."}, {"pmid": 32502901, "title": "Ribosomal proteins as a possible tool for blocking SARS-COV 2 virus replication for a potential prospective treatment.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Rofeal, Marian", "El-Malek, Fady Abd"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502901", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-COV2 and has resulted in more than four million cases globally and the death cases exceeded 300,000. Normally, a range of surviving and propagating host factors must be employed for the completion of the infectious process including RPs. Viral protein biosynthesis involves the interaction of numerous RPs with viral mRNA, proteins which are necessary for viruses replication regulation and infection inside the host cells. Most of these interactions are crucial for virus activation and accumulation. However, only small percentage of these proteins is specifically responsible for host cells protection by triggering the immune pathway against virus. This research proposes RPs extracted from bacillus sp. and yeast as new forum for the advancement of antiviral therapy. Hitherto, antiviral therapy with RPs-involving viral infection has not been widely investigated as critical targets. Also, exploring antiviral strategy based on RPs could be a promising guide for more potential therapeutics."}, {"pmid": 32434797, "title": "Covid-19: Cycle of 50 day lockdowns and 30 day relaxations could be effective, study finds.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434797", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192297, "title": "[Chemotherapy strategy for colorectal cancer under the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Y H", "Shen, L", "Li, J"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192297", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) makes the medical treatment of colorectal cancers difficult. Cancer patients are more susceptible to infection and tumor history is defined as an important factor of poor prognosis, which challenges both doctors and patients. For metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, maintenance therapy is the optimal choice. The patients with tumor progression or poor biological behavior should receive or continue combination chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy should reduce the intensity of treatment and shorten the therapy time. Fever patients during chemotherapy need to receive differential diagnosis and screening according to national standards. Patients with stable diseases and good general conditions may delay imaging examination. Clinicians should make individual clinical decisions based on the specifics of each patient during epidemic situation."}, {"pmid": 32311303, "title": "Surgical Considerations for an Awake Tracheotomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A", "authors": ["Crossley, Jason", "Clark, Christine", "Brody, Fredrick", "Maxwell, Jessica H"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                     The current global COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Given that SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmissible, surgical societies have recommended that procedures with a high risk of aerosolization be avoided or delayed. However, some high-risk procedures, such as those related to head and neck malignancies, cannot always be delayed. Care must be taken during aerosol-generating procedures to minimize viral transmission as much as possible. Preoperative testing for COVID-19, limited operating room personnel, adequate personal protective equipment, and surgical technique are factors to consider for high-risk procedures. \n                        Methods:\n                     This article presents the case of an awake tracheotomy performed for a transglottic mass causing airway obstruction. \n                        Results:\n                     With detailed planning and specific techniques, the amount of aerosolization was reduced, and the procedure was performed as safely as possible. \n                        Conclusion:\n                     This case provides a template for future aerosol-generating procedures during respiratory pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32314436, "pmcid": "PMC7264669", "title": "Comment on \"Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective \" by Recalcati S.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Hedou, M", "Carsuzaa, F", "Chary, E", "Hainaut, E", "Cazenave-Roblot, F", "Masson Regnault, M"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314436", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) outbreak was first reported in the Chinese city of Wuhan on December 31, 2019,\u00a0it has stricken more than 1,000,000 persons worldwide, of whom over 50,000 have died (1). Having been infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), patients with COVID-19 mainly present with fever and respiratory symptoms (2). Isolated sudden onset anosmia has also frequently been reported (3). Less frequently, rhinorrhea, diarrhoea and dysgeusia may be associated. While only a few reports have evoked cutaneous manifestations (4), we read\u00a0with interest an initial study on the topic entitled \"Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective \" by Recalcati S. (5)."}, {"pmid": 32452952, "title": "The Perioperative Services Response at a Major Children's Hospital During the Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Stylianos, Steven", "Mesa-Jonassen, Amy E", "Albanese, Craig T", "Bacha, Emile A", "Stark, Natalya", "Guida, Sarah Jane", "Goffman, Dena", "Saiman, Lisa", "Kernie, Steven G", "Lalwani, Anil K", "Cassai, Mary", "Sun, Lena S"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452952", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446824, "pmcid": "PMC7241383", "title": "Comment on: \"Acral findings during the COVID-19 outbreak: Chilblain-like lesions should be preferred to acro-ischemic lesions\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["D, Fernandez-Nieto", "J, Jimenez-Cauhe", "A, Suarez-Valle", "Om, Moreno-Arrones", "D, Saceda-Corralo", "A, Arana-Raja", "D, Ortega-Quijano"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446824", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399451, "pmcid": "PMC7213827", "title": "A Case of Coinfection with SARS-COV-2 and Cytomegalovirus in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["D'Ardes, Damiano", "Boccatonda, Andrea", "Schiavone, Cosima", "Santilli, Francesca", "Guagnano, Maria Teresa", "Bucci, Marco", "Cipollone, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399451", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization has declared novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) an international public health emergency. We describe the case of a 92-year-old woman who was admitted to our unit with fever and chills with laboratory evidence of coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and cytomegalovirus. This is the first reported case of coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and cytomegalovirus."}, {"pmid": 32358568, "pmcid": "PMC7194246", "title": "Frequently asked questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients-recommendations for clinicians caring for patients with malignant diseases.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["von Lilienfeld-Toal, Marie", "Vehreschild, Jorg Janne", "Cornely, Oliver", "Pagano, Livio", "Compagno, Francesca", "Hirsch, Hans H"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358568", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since early 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has a massive impact on health care systems worldwide. Patients with malignant diseases are assumed to be at increased risk for a worse outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and therefore, guidance regarding prevention and management of the infection as well as safe administration of cancer-therapy is required. Here, we provide recommendations for the management of patients with malignant disease in the times of COVID-19. These recommendations were prepared by an international panel of experts and then consented by the EHA Scientific Working Group on Infection in Hematology. The primary aim is to enable clinicians to provide optimal cancer care as safely as possible, since the most important protection for patients with malignant disease is the best-possible control of the underlying disease."}, {"pmid": 32361161, "pmcid": "PMC7186209", "title": "New understanding of the damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the respiratory system.", "journal": "Biomed Pharmacother", "authors": ["Zhang, Yuhao", "Geng, Xiuchao", "Tan, Yanli", "Li, Qiang", "Xu, Can", "Xu, Jianglong", "Hao, Liangchao", "Zeng, Zhaomu", "Luo, Xianpu", "Liu, Fulin", "Wang, Hong"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361161", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since early December 2019, a number of pneumonia cases associated with unknown coronavirus infection were identified in Wuhan, China, and many additional cases were identified in other regions of China and in other countries within 3 months. Currently, more than 80,000 cases have been diagnosed in China, including more than 3000 deaths. The epidemic is spreading to the rest of the world, posing a grave challenge to prevention and control. On February 12, 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and the World Health Organization officially named the novel coronavirus and associated pneumonia as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), respectively. According to the recent research on SARS-CoV-2, the virus mainly infects the respiratory system but may cause damage to other systems. In this paper, we will systematically review the pathogenic features, transmission routes, and infection mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, as well as any adverse effects on the digestive system, urogenital system, central nervous system, and circulatory system, in order to provide a theoretical and clinical basis for the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and prognosis assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32282863, "pmcid": "PMC7104082", "title": "Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pharm Anal", "authors": ["Li, Xiaowei", "Geng, Manman", "Peng, Yizhao", "Meng, Liesu", "Lu, Shemin"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282863", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a kind of viral pneumonia which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has been marked as the third introduction of a highly pathogenic coronavirus into the human population after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the twenty-first century. In this minireview, we provide a brief introduction of the general features of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss current knowledge of molecular immune pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 on the base of the present understanding of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections, which may be helpful in offering novel insights and potential therapeutic targets for combating the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32390660, "pmcid": "PMC7205668", "title": "Editor in Chief's Introduction to Essays on the Impact of COVID-19 on Work and Workers.", "journal": "J Vocat Behav", "authors": ["Fouad, Nadya A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390660", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419568, "title": "Orbital cellulitis, sinusitis and intracranial abnormalities in two adolescents with COVID-19.", "journal": "Orbit", "authors": ["Turbin, Roger E", "Wawrzusin, Peter J", "Sakla, Nicole M", "Traba, Christin M", "Wong, Kristin G", "Mirani, Neena", "Eloy, Jean A", "Nimchinsky, Esther A"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419568", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We review two cases of adolescents with orbital cellulitis, sinusitis and SARS- CoV-2 infection presenting to emergency departments within a 24 hour period. SARS-CoV-2 samples obtained within 24\u00a0hours were positive, supporting prior infection despite relatively limited early symptoms of COVID-19. Unusual clinical and radiographic characteristics included hemorrhagic abscess with blood of varying age in the first, intracranial epidural abscess in the second, radiographic signal consistent with hemorrhagic or thrombotic phenomena, retro-maxillary antral fat changes, and meningeal enhancement or extension in both cases. Radiographic findings thereby mimic fungal infection, although final cultures and ancillary investigation for allergic and invasive fungal disease have remained negative. These cases highlight two unusual orbital presentations of cellulitis occurring in the context of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection."}, {"pmid": 32405083, "pmcid": "PMC7218362", "title": "[Appreciating COVID-19 as a child and adolescent psychiatrist on the move].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Cohen, David"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405083", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a multi-organ disease due to an infection with the SARS-CoV2 virus. It has become a pandemic in early 2020. The disease appears less devastating in children and adolescents. However, stress, quarantine and eventually mourning have major impacts on development. It is difficult to describe what this pandemic implies for a child psychiatrist, other than by giving a first-hand account. I propose to go through the main ethical questions that have arisen; to describe how my hospital team has reorganized itself to meet the new demands and questions, in particular by opening a unit dedicated to people with autism and challenging behaviors affected by COVID-19; and to address, in a context of national discussion, how the discipline has sought to understand the conditions of a certain well-being during quarantine. Finally, I will try to conclude with more speculative reflections on re-opening."}, {"pmid": 32526060, "title": "What did we learn from the previous coronavirus epidemics and what can we do better: a neuroinfectiological point of view.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Akhvlediani, Tamar", "Jelcic, Ilijas", "Taba, Pille", "Pfausler, Bettina", "Steiner, Israel", "Sellner, Johann"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526060", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are learning gradually about the neurologic manifestations during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID)-19 pandemic, a respiratory disease related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the clinical evidence is still limited, it makes a sense to critically analyze the spectrum of neurologic involvement caused by SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which were causal for epidemics in 2003 and 2012, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32472191, "pmcid": "PMC7256180", "title": "Phenotypic characteristics and prognosis of inpatients with COVID-19 and diabetes: the CORONADO study.", "journal": "Diabetologia", "authors": ["Cariou, Bertrand", "Hadjadj, Samy", "Wargny, Matthieu", "Pichelin, Matthieu", "Al-Salameh, Abdallah", "Allix, Ingrid", "Amadou, Coralie", "Arnault, Gwenaelle", "Baudoux, Florence", "Bauduceau, Bernard", "Borot, Sophie", "Bourgeon-Ghittori, Muriel", "Bourron, Olivier", "Boutoille, David", "Cazenave-Roblot, France", "Chaumeil, Claude", "Cosson, Emmanuel", "Coudol, Sandrine", "Darmon, Patrice", "Disse, Emmanuel", "Ducet-Boiffard, Amelie", "Gaborit, Benedicte", "Joubert, Michael", "Kerlan, Veronique", "Laviolle, Bruno", "Marchand, Lucien", "Meyer, Laurent", "Potier, Louis", "Prevost, Gaetan", "Riveline, Jean-Pierre", "Robert, Rene", "Saulnier, Pierre-Jean", "Sultan, Ariane", "Thebaut, Jean-Francois", "Thivolet, Charles", "Tramunt, Blandine", "Vatier, Camille", "Roussel, Ronan", "Gautier, Jean-Francois", "Gourdy, Pierre"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472191", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Diabetes has rapidly emerged as a major comorbidity for COVID-19 severity. However, the phenotypic characteristics of diabetes in COVID-19 patients are unknown. We conducted a nationwide multicentre observational study in people with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19 in 53 French centres in the period 10-31 March 2020. The primary outcome combined tracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation and/or death within 7\u00a0days of admission. Age- and sex-adjusted multivariable logistic regressions were performed to assess the prognostic value of clinical and biological features with the endpoint. ORs are reported for a 1 SD increase after standardisation. The current analysis focused on 1317 participants: 64.9% men, mean age 69.8\u2009\u00b1\u200913.0\u00a0years, median BMI 28.4 (25th-75th percentile: 25.0-32.7) kg/m2; with a predominance of type 2 diabetes (88.5%). Microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications were found in 46.8% and 40.8% of cases, respectively. The primary outcome was encountered in 29.0% (95% CI 26.6, 31.5) of participants, while 10.6% (9.0, 12.4) died and 18.0% (16.0, 20.2) were discharged on day 7. In univariate analysis, characteristics prior to admission significantly associated with the primary outcome were sex, BMI and previous treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers, but not age, type of diabetes, HbA1c, diabetic complications or glucose-lowering therapies. In multivariable analyses with covariates prior to admission, only BMI remained positively associated with the primary outcome (OR 1.28 [1.10, 1.47]). On admission, dyspnoea (OR 2.10 [1.31, 3.35]), as well as lymphocyte count (OR 0.67 [0.50, 0.88]), C-reactive protein (OR 1.93 [1.43, 2.59]) and AST (OR 2.23 [1.70, 2.93]) levels were independent predictors of the primary outcome. Finally, age (OR 2.48 [1.74, 3.53]), treated obstructive sleep apnoea (OR 2.80 [1.46, 5.38]), and microvascular (OR 2.14 [1.16, 3.94]) and macrovascular complications (OR 2.54 [1.44, 4.50]) were independently associated with the risk of death on day 7. In people with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19, BMI, but not long-term glucose control, was positively and independently associated with tracheal intubation and/or death within 7\u00a0days. clinicaltrials.gov NCT04324736."}, {"pmid": 32372752, "pmcid": "PMC7263525", "title": "Case Report: Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) versus Tropical Diseases in Pakistan.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Bokhari, Syed Muhammad Mashhood Ali", "Mahmood, Fatima", "Bokhari, Syed Muhammad Saud Ali"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372752", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 25-year-old medical student presented in Multan, Pakistan with a high fever, cough, myalgia, and diarrhea consistent with the typical signs and symptoms of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The patient had traveled to high COVID-19-risk areas within Pakistan and had no significant medical and surgical history. Based on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab testing, the patient was found to be negative for COVID-19. He subsequently developed a diffuse rash and had serology consistent with dengue and measles. The patient was treated symptomatically, and his condition gradually improved over 7 days. This case highlights the high prevalence of many tropical diseases in low-income countries and the need for clinicians to consider alternate diagnoses in addition to testing for COVID-19 during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32448332, "pmcid": "PMC7245635", "title": "Duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in asymptomatic carriers.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Yan, Xiquan", "Han, Xiaotong", "Fan, Yong", "Fang, Zhixiong", "Long, Da", "Zhu, Yimin"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448332", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335426, "pmcid": "PMC7165105", "title": "Imaging of coronavirus disease 2019: A Chinese expert consensus statement.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Yang, Qi", "Liu, Qiang", "Xu, Haibo", "Lu, Hong", "Liu, Shiyuan", "Li, Hongjun"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335426", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious, mainly causing inflammatory lesions in the lungs, and can also cause damage to the intestine and liver. The rapid spread of the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia has posed complex challenges to global public health. Early detection, isolation, diagnosis, and treatment are the most effective means of prevention and control. At present, the epidemic situation of new coronavirus infection has tended to be controlled in China, and it is still in a period of rapid rise in much of the world. The current gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19 is the detection of coronavirus nucleic acids, but imaging has an important role in the detection of lung lesions, stratification, evaluation of treatment strategies, and differentiation of mixed infections. This Chinese expert consensus statement summarizes the imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia and may help radiologists across the world to understand this disease better."}, {"pmid": 32340645, "title": "The mental health of doctors during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BJPsych Bull", "authors": ["Galbraith, Niall", "Boyda, David", "McFeeters, Danielle", "Hassan, Tariq"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340645", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A video abstract can be found at: https://vimeo.com/414651981. Doctors experience high levels of work stress even under normal circumstances, but many would be reluctant to disclose mental health difficulties or seek help for them, with stigma an often-cited reason. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis places additional pressure on doctors and on the healthcare system in general and research shows that such pressure brings a greater risk of psychological distress for doctors. For this reason, we argue that the authorities and healthcare executives must show strong leadership and support for doctors and their families during the COVID-19 outbreak and call for efforts to reduce mental health stigma in clinical workplaces. This can be facilitated by deliberately adding \u2018healthcare staff mental health support process\u2019 as an ongoing agenda item to high-level management planning meetings."}, {"pmid": 32404473, "title": "Towards effective diagnostic assays for COVID-19: a review.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Venter, Marietjie", "Richter, Karin"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404473", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Countries globally are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with nearly two\u2009million cases and 120 000 deaths occurring within 4 months of the discovery of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in December 2019 in China. Accurate diagnoses of cases is key in managing the pandemic by identification, isolation and treatment of patients and defining the epidemiology of the virus. By mid-January 2020, a scientist from China published the full genome of the virus, which facilitated the development of accurate molecular diagnostic assays. By the end of January 2020, the WHO, in collaboration with laboratories in Asia, Europe and the USA, published several real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rtRT-PCR) protocols that allowed identification of cases and development of commercial assays. Clinical investigations facilitated development of accurate case definition and guidance for laboratories on the optimum specimens and procedures for diagnoses. Currently, laboratory-based rtRT-PCR is the recommended test for diagnoses of acute cases to ensure patients can be identified and isolated and to facilitate the public health response. However, due to delays in diagnoses, severe shortage of tests and laboratory capacity, point-of-care molecular or antigen tests are becoming more attractive. Although serological tests are not suitable for diagnoses of acute cases, they are important to define epidemiological questions, including attack rate in the population, and to identify immune individuals. This review aimed to summarise the current available information for diagnoses of cases and to aid laboratories and healthcare workers to select the best assays and procedures."}, {"pmid": 32526509, "title": "Could MEFV mutation carriage status have a protective role for COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Kavukcu, Salih", "Soylu, Alper"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526509", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425013, "title": "COVID-19 and coagulative axis: review of emerging aspects in a novel disease.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Boccia, Matilde", "Aronne, Luigi", "Celia, Benito", "Mazzeo, Grazia", "Ceparano, Maria", "D'Agnano, Vito", "Parrella, Roberto", "Valente, Tullio", "Bianco, Andrea", "Perrotta, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425013", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Latest evidences from literature suggest that SARS-CoV-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19) is commonly complicated with coagulopathy and that disseminated intravascular coagulation is present in the majority of deceased patients. Particularly, conventional coagulation parameters appear to be significantly altered in patients with poor prognosis. A wide-ranging cross- talk between coagulative haemostasis and inflammation, as well as the activation of coagulation cascade during viral infections, are well established. Another important evidence which may explain coagulation disorders in COVID-19 is the increase of thrombus formation under conditions of hypoxia. Despite the exact pathophysiological mechanism of coronavirus-induced thromboembolism needs to be further investigated, this finding suggests that it is good practice to assess the risk of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients to improvethe clinical management in terms of anticoagulation therapy. Anticoagulants, mainly low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), should be tailored in patients meeting sepsis induced coagulopathy (SIC) criteria or with markedly elevated D-dimer. In this context, further studies are needed to optimise the decision making in therapeutic approach."}, {"pmid": 32434211, "title": "Viral and host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiaonan", "Tan, Yun", "Ling, Yun", "Lu, Gang", "Liu, Feng", "Yi, Zhigang", "Jia, Xiaofang", "Wu, Min", "Shi, Bisheng", "Xu, Shuibao", "Chen, Jun", "Wang, Wei", "Chen, Bing", "Jiang, Lu", "Yu, Shuting", "Lu, Jing", "Wang, Jinzeng", "Xu, Mingzhu", "Yuan, Zhenghong", "Zhang, Qin", "Zhang, Xinxin", "Zhao, Guoping", "Wang, Shengyue", "Chen, Saijuan", "Lu, Hongzhou"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434211", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China1 and soon spread across the world. In this ongoing pandemic, public health concerns and the urgent need for effective therapeutic measures require a deep understanding of its epidemiology, transmissibility and pathogenesis. Here we analyzed the clinical, molecular and immunological data from 326 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Shanghai. Genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 assembled from 112 quality samples together with sequences in the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) showed a stable evolution and suggested two major lineages with differential exposure history during the early phase of the outbreak in Wuhan. Nevertheless, they exhibited similar virulence and clinical outcomes. Lymphocytopenia, especially the reduced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts upon admission, was predictive of disease progression. High levels of IL-6 and IL-8 during treatment were observed in patients with severe or critical disease and correlated with decreased lymphocyte count. The determinants of disease severity seemed to stem mostly from host factors such as age, lymphocytopenia, and its associated cytokine storm, whereas viral genetic variation did not significantly affect the outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32281333, "title": "[Analysis of property and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in staging revention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Gu, Min", "Liu, Jiao", "Shi, Nan-Nan", "Li, Xiao-Dong", "Huang, Zheng-de", "Wu, Jian-Kun", "Wang, Yu-Guang", "Wang, Yan-Ping", "Zhai, Hua-Qiang", "Wang, Yong-Yan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281333", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) triggered a severe and complicated epidemic situation, and it is of great significance to discuss the rules and characteristics of the prescription of COVID-19 in traditional Chinese medicine. This study collected prevention and treatment approaches of traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 released from the National Health Committee of China, 7 provinces and municipal health committees, the Chinese Medicine Administration and Handbook of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 between January 1 and February 18, 2020, and prescriptions prepared by 3 masters of Chinese medicine and 4 well-known Chinese medicine experts. These information were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and EpiData 3.0 software was used to establish the &quot;Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Library for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19&quot; and the &quot;Common Database of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19&quot;. A total of 93 effective Chinese medicine prescriptions and a total of 157 kinds of constituent medicines were collected. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 18.0 software. The results showed that: \u2460most of the medicines are with cold and warm properties, 69 with cold medicines, accounting for 43.95%, 57 with warm medicines, accounting for 36.31%, and less with hot medicines, taking up 1.27%; \u2461there are many pungent, bitter and sweet medicines, and the distribution of medicinal flavors is different at different disease stage. The pungent medicines are mostly found in the early stage, the bitter drugs are the main flavor in the middle and severe stage, and the sweet medicines are mostly used in the recovery stage; \u2462the meridian of the drug is more concentrated at the lung, stomach, and heart, and most of drugs are into the lung meridian, accounting for 24.55%; these medicines are mostly into the lungs and stomach in the initial and middle stages, and into the heart and kidney in severe stages; \u2463oral drugs are mostly non-toxic, among which only 6 kinds are toxic, namely Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Dryopteridis Crassirhizomatis Rhizoma, Paridis Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia; \u2464most of the drugs have five types of functions: treating exterior syndromes, resolving dampness, clearing heat, replenishing deficiency, resolving phlegm, cough, and asthma. In the early stage, both drugs for treating exterior syndromes and heat clearing drugs were equally used, accounting for 18.81% each. In the middle stage, drugs resolving phlegm, cough, and asthma drugs are more often used, accounting for 29.61%. In the severe stage, heat clearing drugs are mostly used, accounting for 33.33%. During the recovery period, tonic deficiency drugs are used the most, accounting for 36.47%. The medical characteristics and efficacy of Chinese medicine in preventing and treating COVID-19 are closely related to the understanding of the etiology of Chinese medicine and the location and pathogenesis of the disease. Staged medication and local conditions need attention during the identification and treatment of COVID-19 clinical syndromes."}, {"pmid": 32522535, "title": "Clinical features of discharged COVID-19 patients with an extended SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive signal in respiratory samples.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Li, Jiajun", "Wei, Xiaoyu", "Tian, Wenguang", "Zou, Jingbo", "Wang, Yue", "Xue, Wei", "Xiao, Qing", "Huang, Wenxiang"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522535", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438878, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the daily management of biotechnological therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients: Reorganisational response in a high-volume Italian inflammatory bowel disease centre.", "journal": "United European Gastroenterol J", "authors": ["Scaldaferri, Franco", "Pugliese, Daniela", "Privitera, Giuseppe", "Onali, Sara", "Lopetuso, Loris Riccardo", "Rizzatti, Gianenrico", "Settanni, Carlo Romano", "Pizzoferrato, Marco", "Schiavoni, Elisa", "Turchini, Laura", "Amatucci, Valeria", "Napolitano, Daniele", "Bernabei, Tiziana", "Mora, Vincenzina", "Laterza, Lucrezia", "Papa, Alfredo", "Guidi, Luisa", "Rapaccini, Gian Lodovico", "Gasbarrini, Antonio", "Armuzzi, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438878", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a major clinical as well as organisational impact on the national health-care system in Italy, particularly in high-volume hospitals which are usually active for many essential clinical needs, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we report major clinical and organisational challenges at a high-volume Italian IBD centre one month after the start of the Italian government's restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. All routine follow-up IBD visits of patients in remission were cancelled or rescheduled for 8-12 weeks' time. However, access to the hospital for therapy or for unstable/relapsing patients was not considered postponable. Everyone attending the centre (e.g. physicians, nurses, administrative personnel and patients) were advised to respect the general recommended rules for hand hygiene and social distancing, to disclose if they had a fever or cough or flu-like symptoms and to wear a surgical mask and gloves. At the entrance of the therapy area, a control station was set up in order to double-check all patients with a clinical interview and conduct thermal scanning. A total of 1451 IBD patients under biotechnological or experimental therapy actively followed in the CEMAD IBD centre were included in the study. About 65% of patients maintained their appointment schedules without major problems, while in 20% of cases planned infusions were delayed because of the patient's decision or practical issues. About 10% of patients receiving subcutaneous therapy were allowed to collect their medicine without a follow-up visit. Finally, 10% of patients living outside the Lazio region requested access to their therapy at a local centre closer to their home. At present, five patients have been found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection but with minimal symptoms, 22 are in 'quarantine' for contact considered to be 'at risk' for the infection. Up to now, none of them has experienced significant symptoms. This study represents the first observational detailed report about short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient organisation and management in a high-volume IBD centre."}, {"pmid": 32237670, "pmcid": "PMC7153431", "title": "An Uncomplicated Delivery in a Patient with Covid-19 in the United States.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Iqbal, Sara N", "Overcash, Rachael", "Mokhtari, Neggin", "Saeed, Haleema", "Gold, Stacey", "Auguste, Tamika", "Mirza, Muhammad-Usman", "Ruiz, Maria-Elena", "Chahine, Joeffrey J", "Waga, Masashi", "Wortmann, Glenn"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237670", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417870, "title": "Combating COVID-19 Pandemic in Nepal: Ethical Challenges in an Outbreak.", "journal": "JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc", "authors": ["Shah, Aarati", "Aacharya, Ramesh Prasad"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417870", "countries": ["Nepal"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 is the largest of its kind of this century. All countries throughout the globe are trying their best to contain the disease and eliminate at the earliest. Efforts are continuing to improve the outcome of the infection in terms of minimizing the morbidity and mortality. As a public health strategy every state has the responsibility of protecting the health of the community and such measures includes the preventive measures like social distancing or even lockdown of the state as a whole restricting the movement of the people, diagnostic measures like testing the suspects, contact tracing and isolation of the patients. Treatment of the infected requires decisions in resource constraint situation particularly ICU beds and ventilators. In the meantime, protecting doctors, nurses, other health workers as well as frontline workers need personal protective equipment which is a scarce commodity. While doing so there might be a compromise in the individual autonomy, privacy, confidentiality, and social justice for the beneficence for the larger community. This is an attempt to explore the ethical quandaries in relation to combating COVID-19 in Nepal by relating the issues with the principles of biomedical ethics."}, {"pmid": 32436625, "title": "Low risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through the ocular surface.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Deng, Chaohua", "Yang, Yang", "Chen, Huawen", "Chen, Wei", "Chen, Zhiqi", "Ma, Ke", "Wang, Junming"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436625", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32257173, "pmcid": "PMC7125419", "title": "An evidence-based framework for priority clinical research questions for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Harris, Carlyn", "Carson, Gail", "Baillie, J Kenneth", "Horby, Peter", "Nair, Harish"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257173", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December, 2019, the World Health Organization China Country Office was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. Since then, there have been over 75\u2009000 cases globally of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), 2000 deaths, and over 14\u2009000 cases recovered. Outbreaks of novel agents represent opportunities for clinical research to inform real-time public health action. In 2018, we conducted a systematic review to identify priority research questions for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Here, we review information available on COVID-19 and provide an evidenced-based framework for priority clinical research in the current outbreak. Three bibliographic databases were searched to identify clinical studies published on SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in the outbreak setting. Studies were grouped thematically according to clinical research questions addressed. In February 2020, available information on COVID19 was reviewed and compared to the results of the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV systematic review. From the research objectives for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, ten themes in the literature were identified: Clinical characterisation, prognosis, diagnosis, clinical management, viral pathogenesis, epidemiological characterisation, infection prevention and control/transmission, susceptibility, psychosocial, and aetiology. For COVID19, some information on clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, and aetiology is available but many clinical research gaps have yet to be filled. Based on a systematic review of other severe coronaviruses, we summarise the state of clinical research for COVID-19, highlight the research gaps, and provide recommendations for the implementation of standardised protocols. Data based on internationally standardised protocols will inform clinical practice real-time."}, {"pmid": 32421882, "title": "Guidance on the management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the exceptional circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Rayman, G", "Lumb, A", "Kennon, B", "Cottrell, C", "Nagi, D", "Page, E", "Voigt, D", "Courtney, H", "Atkins, H", "Platts, J", "Higgins, K", "Dhatariya, K", "Patel, M", "Narendran, P", "Kar, P", "Newland-Jones, P", "Stewart, R", "Burr, O", "Thomas, S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426707, "pmcid": "PMC7231536", "title": "The imperative for universal healthcare to curtail the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Galvani, Alison P", "Parpia, Alyssa S", "Pandey, Abhishek", "Zimmer, Charlotte", "Kahn, James G", "Fitzpatrick, Meagan C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426707", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275485, "title": "Telemedicine and the COVID-19 Pandemic, Lessons for the Future.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Bashshur, Rashid", "Doarn, Charles R", "Frenk, Julio M", "Kvedar, Joseph C", "Woolliscroft, James O"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275485", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320064, "pmcid": "PMC7264661", "title": "Evaluation of the auxiliary diagnostic value of antibody assays for the detection of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yong, Gao", "Yi, Yuan", "Tuantuan, Li", "Xiaowu, Wang", "Xiuyong, Li", "Ang, Li", "Mingfeng, Han"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320064", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of SARS-CoV-2 has taken on pandemic proportions, affecting over 100 countries in a matter of weeks. The goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic values of different methods of detecting and estimating the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the auxiliary diagnostic potential of antibody assays. By retrospectively analyzing the data of viral RNAs and serum IgM-IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from 38 cases with confirmed COVID-19 in the Second People's Hospital of Fuyang, we found that, in the early phase of the illness, the viral RNA was most abundant in the sputum specimens, followed by that in the throat swabs, while the antibody assays identified fewer positive cases at this stage. However, the sensitivity of the antibody assays overtook that of RNA test from eighth day of disease onset. Simultaneous use of antibody assay and RT-qPCR improved the sensitivity of the diagnoses. Moreover, we found that most of these cases with no detectable viral RNA load during the early stages were able to be seropositive after 7 days. Our findings indicate that the antibody detection could be used as an effective supplementary indicator of SARS-CoV-2 infection in suspected cases with no detectable viral RNA, and in conjunction with nucleic acid detection in confirming the infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32242347, "pmcid": "PMC7131899", "title": "Out-of-Hospital Cohort Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients with Mild Symptoms in Korea: an Experience from a Single Community Treatment Center.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Park, Peong Gang", "Kim, Chang Hyup", "Heo, Yoon", "Kim, Tae Suk", "Park, Chan Woo", "Kim, Choong Hyo"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242347", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a worldwide pandemic. Less than 6 weeks after the first confirmed cases in Korea, the patient number exceeded 5,000, which overcrowded limited hospital resources and forced confirmed patients to stay at home. To allocate medical resources efficiently, Korea implemented a novel institution for the purpose of treating patients with cohort isolation out of hospital, namely the Community Treatment Center (CTC). Herein, we report results of the initial management of patients at one of the largest CTC in Korea. A total of 309 patients were admitted to our CTC. During the first two weeks, 7 patients were transferred to the hospital because of symptom aggravation and 107 patients were discharged without any complication. Although it is a novel concept and may have some limitations, CTC may be a very cost-effective and resource-saving strategy in managing massive cases of COVID-19 or other emerging infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32474554, "title": "Mapping the genomic landscape & diversity of COVID-19 based on >3950 clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2: Likely origin & transmission dynamics of isolates sequenced in India.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Singh, Hina", "Singh, Jasdeep", "Khubaib, Mohd", "Jamal, Salma", "Sheikh, Javaid Ahmed", "Kohli, Sunil", "Hasnain, Seyed Ehtesham", "Rahman, Syed Asad"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474554", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466803, "pmcid": "PMC7257200", "title": "Recommendations for the use of vascular access in the COVID-19 patients: an Italian perspective.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Pittiruti, Mauro", "Pinelli, Fulvio"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466803", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485854, "title": "COVID-19 Emergence and Social and Health Determinants in Colorado: A Rapid Spatial Analysis.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Ramirez, Ivan J", "Lee, Jieun"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485854", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this rapid analysis was to investigate the spatial patterns of COVID-19 emergence across counties in Colorado. In the U.S. West, Colorado has the second highest number of cases and deaths, second only to California. Colorado is also reporting, like other states, that communities of color and low-income persons are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Using GIS and correlation analysis, this study explored COVID-19 incidence and deaths from March 14 to April 8, 2020, with social determinants and chronic conditions. Preliminary results demonstrate that COVID-19 incidence intensified in mountain communities west of Denver and along the Urban Front Range, and evolved into new centers of risk in eastern Colorado. Overall, the greatest increase in COVID-19 incidence was in northern Colorado, i.e., Weld County, which reported the highest rates in the Urban Front Range. Social and health determinants associated with higher COVID-19-related deaths were population density and asthma, indicative of urban areas, and poverty and unemployment, suggestive of rural areas. Furthermore, a spatial overlap of high rates of chronic diseases with high rates of COVID-19 may suggest a broader syndemic health burden, where comorbidities intersect with inequality of social determinants of health."}, {"pmid": 32436486, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: mental health and beyond - The Indian perspective.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Mukherjee, Abir", "Bandopadhyay, Gargi", "Chatterjee, Seshadri Sekhar"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436486", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "India is a de facto continent in the garb of a country. COVID-19 is an unprecedented global pandemic spanning continents. Being the second most populous country in the world, experts regard how India deals with the outbreak will have enormous impact on the world's ability to deal with it. The country has been in lockdown since 25th March 2020 until the current time of early May 2020, and despite several challenges there has been early success. The major conflict now is the health benefits weighed up against the deleterious social and economic consequences of prolonged lockdown i.e. life versus livelihood. This unprecedented calamity could potentially cause or exacerbate various psychiatric disorders. It is recognised that lifestyle changes and limited screen time may help reduce mental health difficulties. Considering the physical barriers to consultation, development of telemedicine services is needed. This pandemic, like other previous pandemics, will pass and until this happens we must remain extremely vigilant."}, {"pmid": 32495086, "pmcid": "PMC7269418", "title": "Interpreting COVID-19 Test Results: a Bayesian Approach.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Good, Chester B", "Hernandez, Inmaculada", "Smith, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495086", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293817, "title": "Rehabilitation and respiratory management in the acute and early post-acute phase. \"Instant paper from the field\" on rehabilitation answers to the Covid-19 emergency.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Kiekens, Carlotte", "Boldrini, Paolo", "Andreoli, Arnaldo", "Avesani, Renato", "Gamna, Federica", "Grandi, Maurizio", "Lombardi, Francesco", "Lusuardi, Mirco", "Molteni, Franco", "Perboni, Alberto", "Negrini, Stefano"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293817", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is a respiratory infectious disease that can cause respiratory, physical and psychological long-term dysfunctions in patients. First recommendations on respiratory management were published, but they were not based on the specific needs due to Covid-19. In this paper we share the early experiences from the clinical field in Northern Italy, where the epidemic started in February. This paper summarizes the second webinar on Covid-19 (230 live attendees, 11,600 viewers of the recorded version) organized by the Italian Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine about rehabilitation and in particular respiratory management in the acute (Intensive Care Unit - ICU) and immediate post-acute phases. There is the need to prepare for the post-acute phase. ICU length of stay is relatively long, with immobilisation in prone position. Some specific problems are described, including severe muscle weakness and fatigue, joint stiffness, dysphagia, (neuro)psychological problems, impaired functioning concerning mobility, activities of daily life and work. A lot is yet unknown and patients can experience long-term consequences as we know from the literature on the post-intensive care syndrome, but Covid-19 has unique features to be investigated and understood. As one colleague stated during the Covinar: this is a marathon, not a sprint\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32404669, "pmcid": "PMC7268836", "title": "A Practical Decontamination Framework for COVID-19 Front-line Workers Returning Home.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Harris, Chelsea A", "Evan, Heather L", "Telem, Dana A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404669", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527823, "title": "Aggregating data from COVID-19 trials.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Ogburn, Elizabeth L", "Bierer, Barbara E", "Brookmeyer, Ron", "Choirat, Christine", "Dean, Natalie E", "De Gruttola, Victor", "Ellenberg, Susan S", "Halloran, M Elizabeth", "Hanley, Daniel F Jr", "Lee, Joseph K", "Wang, Rui", "Scharfstein, Daniel O"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527823", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505080, "pmcid": "PMC7261060", "title": "A case of COVID-19 pneumonia with cerebral hemorrhage.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Li, Jingwen", "Long, Xi", "Zhu, Chunli", "Hu, Shaoping", "Lin, Zhicheng", "Li, Jinghong", "Xiong, Nian"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505080", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305249, "pmcid": "PMC7159860", "title": "A case of COVID-19 patient with the diarrhea as initial symptom and literature review.", "journal": "Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Yang, Xiaodong", "Zhao, Jie", "Yan, Qiang", "Zhang, Shangxin", "Wang, Yigao", "Li, Yongxiang"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305249", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since Dec 2019, a cluster of pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, and soon spread to all province of China. The pathogen was proved to be a novel betacoronavirus called 2019 novel coronavirus (officially named by the World Health Organization as COVID-19). The typical clinical manifestations were fever, cough, dyspnea, and myalgia or fatigue. Less common symptoms included headache, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. However diarrhea as the first symptom is rarely reported. Here we reported a case of 2019 novel coronavirus-infected patient (NCIP) with diarrhea as the initial symptom. Image of CT scan and laboratory examination and careful collected as well as detection of viral RNA in pharynx. The case demonstrate that gastrointestinal symptoms ware not rare in NCIP, and diarrhea could be the initial symptom."}, {"pmid": 32500923, "title": "Go back to the basics: Cardiac surgery residents at the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Ricciardi, Gabriella", "Biondi, Raoul", "Tamagnini, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500923", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362564, "pmcid": "PMC7177055", "title": "COVID-19 and ENT Surgery.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Couloigner, V", "Schmerber, S", "Nicollas, R", "Coste, A", "Barry, B", "Makeieff, M", "Boudard, P", "Bequignon, E", "Morel, N", "Lescanne, E"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362564", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, clinical examination and invasive procedures on the respiratory tract and on airway-connected cavities, such as paranasal sinuses and the middle ear, expose people to direct transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by inhalation or ocular projection of contaminated droplets, and to indirect transmission by contact with contaminated hands, objects or surfaces. Estimating an R0 of COVID-19 at around 3 justified postponing non-urgent face-to-face consultations and expanding the use of teleconsultation in order to limit the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection of patients or health workers and comply with the lockdown. The health authority recommends cancellation of all medical or surgical activities, which are not urgent as long as this does not involve a loss of chance for the patient. The purpose of this cancellation is to significantly increase critical care capacity, prioritise the reception of patients with COVID-19, prioritise the allocation of staff and provision of the equipment necessary for their medical or surgical management, and contribute to the smooth running of downstream critical care within their establishment. Another goal is to reduce the risks of patient contamination within healthcare facilities. This document provides guidance on how to proceed with and adapt ENT surgery in the current pandemic context, as well as on the management of postponed operations. This best practice advice must of course be adapted in each region according to the development of the epidemic and pre-existing arrangements. Their local application can only be decided within the framework of collaboration between the ENT teams, the operational hygiene units and all the other specialties concerned."}, {"pmid": 32474556, "title": "Respiratory virus detection among the overseas returnees during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic in India.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Potdar, Varsha", "Choudhary, Manohar L", "Bhardwaj, Sumit", "Ghuge, Rohan", "Sugunan, A", "Gurav, Yogesh", "Yadav, Pragya D", "Shete, Anita", "Tomar, Shilpa", "Anukumar, B", "Kaushal, Himanshu", "Sapkal, Gajanan", "Basu, Atanu", "Cherian, Sarah", "Abraham, Priya"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474556", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419756, "pmcid": "PMC7213036", "title": "Alteration of Consciousness as Initial Presentation in COVID-19: Observation.", "journal": "Ann Indian Acad Neurol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419756", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297469, "pmcid": "PMC7262356", "title": "Reflections and new developments within the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Patel, Zara M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297469", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417675, "pmcid": "PMC7207144", "title": "Characterisation of COVID-19 Pandemic in Paediatric Age Group: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Mustafa, Naira M", "A Selim, Laila"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417675", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic first originated in Wuhan the capital of Hubei province, China in December 2019 and then spread globally. It is caused by SARS-CoV-2. Until 1st April 2020, the number of cases worldwide was recorded to be 823,626 with 40,598 deaths. Most of the reported cases were adults with few cases described in children and neonates. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyse the disease characterisation in paediatric age group including the possibility of vertical transmission to the neonates. Articles published up to 2nd April 2020 in PubMed and google Scholar were considered for this study. The most frequently reported symptoms were cough 49% (95% CI: 42 - 55%) and fever 47% (95% CI: 41- 53%). Lymphopenia and increased Procalcitonin were recorded in (21%, 95% CI: 12 - 30%) and (28%, 95% CI: 18 - 37%) respectively. No sex difference for COVID-19 was found in paediatric age group (p\u202f=\u202f0.7). Case fatality rate was 0%. Four out of 58 neonates (6.8%) born to COVID-19 confirmed mothers tested positive for the disease. The disease trajectory in Paediatric patients has good prognosis compared to adults. Intensive care unit and death are rare. Vertical transmission and virus shedding in breast milk are yet to be established."}, {"pmid": 32191341, "pmcid": "PMC7163529", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: The harms of exaggerated information and non-evidence-based measures.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Ioannidis, John P A"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191341", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416751, "title": "[Ethics Committees in Portugal: Old and New Challenges].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Massano, Joao", "Almeida, Filipe Nuno"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416751", "countries": ["Portugal"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311094, "pmcid": "PMC7264516", "title": "Distinct Viral Clades of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Modeling of Viral Spread.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Brufsky, Adam"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311094", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Distinct viral clades have a likely impact on COVID-19 pathogenesis and spread. Sequence analysis from 2310 viral isolates from Nexstrain reveals that residue at 614 of the viral spike protein is changed from a putative ancestral aspartic acid (D) to a glycine (G) between two viral clades. The G strain is predominantly on the East Coast of the United States, and the D strain is predominantly on the West Coast. This mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein spike is conserved in coronaviruses. Point mutations in a murine coronavirus spike protein can result in increased virulence through instability of the viral machinery and altered viral to cell membrane fusion. This observation may partially explain the discrepancy in predicted deaths from COVID-19 between the East Coast and West Coast, and possibly explain that other factors aside from social distance, such as competition between two strains of differing virulence, may be at play. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32301478, "title": "Counting Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases: Case Definitions, Screened Populations and Testing Techniques Matter.", "journal": "Ann Acad Med Singapore", "authors": ["Koh, David", "Cunningham, Anne Catherine"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301478", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While counting cases of disease appears straightforward, there are issues to consider when enumerating disease counts during an epidemic. For example, for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), how is a case defined? Hubei province in China changed its case definition twice in a fortnight-from laboratory-confirmed cases to clinically-confirmed cases without laboratory tests, and back to laboratory-confirmed cases. This caused confusion in the reported number of cases. If a confirmed case requires laboratory testing, what is the population who are laboratory-tested? Due to limited laboratory testing capacity in the early phase of an emerging epidemic, only \"suspected cases\" are laboratory-tested in most countries. This will result in underdiagnosis of confirmed cases and also raises the question: how is a \"suspect case\" defined? With the passage of time and increased capability to perform laboratory tests, more people can be screened and the number of confirmed cases will increase. What are the technical considerations of laboratory testing? This includes specimen collection (variable collection methods), samples collected (upper or lower respiratory tract biospecimens), time of collection in relation to course of disease, different laboratory test methods and kits (not all of which may be standardised or approved by authorities such as the Food and Drug Administration). Are approved laboratory facilities and trained manpower available, and how are test results interpreted and false-negatives excluded? These issues will affect the accuracy of disease counts, which in turn will have implications on how we mount an appropriate response to the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32506536, "title": "Emerging viral mutants in Australia suggest RNA recombination event in the SARS-CoV-2 genome.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Yeh, Ting-Yu", "Contreras, Gregory P"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506536", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334841, "pmcid": "PMC7158797", "title": "COVID-19 may induce Guillain-Barre syndrome.", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["Camdessanche, J-P", "Morel, J", "Pozzetto, B", "Paul, S", "Tholance, Y", "Botelho-Nevers, E"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334841", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482789, "title": "OVERCOMING THE COVID-19 CRISIS AND PLANING FOR THE FUTURE.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["LoGiudice, Steven H", "Liebhaber, Allison", "Schoder, Heiko"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482789", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282991, "pmcid": "PMC7262360", "title": "Immunosuppressive therapy maintenance in a kidney transplant recipient with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: A case report.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Bussalino, Elisabetta", "De Maria, Andrea", "Russo, Rodolfo", "Paoletti, Ernesto"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282991", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of systemic inflammation is proving crucial in determining unfavorable outcome in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Limited data are available regarding immunosuppression management in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. We report a case of a 32-year-old KTR who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection and fully recovered in 15\u00a0days while maintaining standard immunosuppressive therapy."}, {"pmid": 32429193, "title": "Epidemiological Aspects and Psychological Reactions to COVID-19 of Dental Practitioners in the Northern Italy Districts of Modena and Reggio Emilia.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Consolo, Ugo", "Bellini, Pierantonio", "Bencivenni, Davide", "Iani, Cristina", "Checchi, Vittorio"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429193", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak and diffusion of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (Sars-CoV-2) and COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) have caused an emergency status in the health system, including in the dentistry environment. Italy registered the third highest number of COVID-19 cases in the world and the second highest in Europe. An anonymous online survey composed of 40 questions has been sent to dentists practicing in the area of Modena and Reggio Emilia, one of the areas in Italy most affected by COVID-19. The survey was aimed at highlighting the practical and emotional consequences of COVID-19 emergence on daily clinical practice. Specifically, it assessed dentists' behavioral responses, emotions and concerns following the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic restrictive measures introduced by the Italian national administrative order of 10 March 2020 (DM-10M20), as well as the dentists' perception of infection likelihood for themselves and patients. Furthermore, the psychological impact of COVID-19 was assessed by means of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 test (GAD-7), that measures the presence and severity of anxiety symptoms. Using local dental associations (ANDI-Associazione Nazionale Dentisti Italiani, CAO-Commissione Albo Odontoiatri) lists, the survey was sent by email to all dentists in the district of Modena and Reggio Emilia (874 practitioners) and was completed by 356 of them (40%). All dental practitioners closed or reduced their activity to urgent procedures, 38.2% prior to and 61.8% after the DM-10M20. All reported a routinely use of the most common protective personal equipment (PPE), but also admitted that the use of PPE had to be modified during COVID-19 pandemic. A high percentage of patients canceled their previous appointments after the DM-10M20. Almost 85% of the dentists reported being worried of contracting the infection during clinical activity. The results of the GAD-7 (General Anxiety Disorder-7) evaluation showed that 9% of respondents reported a severe anxiety. To conclude, the COVID-19 emergency is having a highly negative impact on the activity of dentists practicing in the area of Modena and Reggio Emilia. All respondents reported practice closure or strong activity reduction. The perception of this negative impact was accompanied by feelings of concern (70.2%), anxiety (46.4%) and fear (42.4%). The majority of them (89.6%) reported concerns about their professional future and the hope for economic measures to help dental practitioners."}, {"pmid": 32459567, "title": "Use of systemic therapies for psoriasis in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Kearns, Donovan G", "Uppal, Shelley", "Chat, Vipawee S", "Wu, Jashin J"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459567", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019 a viral pneumonia began to spread across the world. The viral disease, COVID-19, is now officially a pandemic, causing concern for the potential risk of systemic therapies for patients with psoriasis. The purpose of this review is to analyze what is currently known about COVID-19 in regard to the safety of systemic treatment, and to provide guidelines for use in psoriasis during this pandemic. Review of guidelines from various dermatologic regulatory bodies regarding the use of systemic medications during the COVID-19 pandemic was performed and summarized. The AAD,NPF and IPC are in agreement regarding their recommendation that patients with active COVID-19 infection should discontinue any biologic therapy. Patients with active COVID-19 infections should discontinue systemic treatment for psoriasis. Patients with risk factors should discuss continuing treatment on a case by case basis."}, {"pmid": 32387113, "pmcid": "PMC7199676", "title": "Caring for Pediatric Patients with Diabetes amidst the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Storm.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Ho, Cindy", "Ng, Nicholas Beng Hui", "Lee, Yung Seng"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387113", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243668, "title": "A Practical Approach to the Management of Cancer Patients During the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An International Collaborative Group.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Al-Shamsi, Humaid O", "Alhazzani, Waleed", "Alhuraiji, Ahmad", "Coomes, Eric A", "Chemaly, Roy F", "Almuhanna, Meshari", "Wolff, Robert A", "Ibrahim, Nuhad K", "Chua, Melvin L K", "Hotte, Sebastien J", "Meyers, Brandon M", "Elfiki, Tarek", "Curigliano, Giuseppe", "Eng, Cathy", "Grothey, Axel", "Xie, Conghua"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243668", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread globally since being identified as a public health emergency of major international concern and has now been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In December 2019, an outbreak of atypical pneumonia, known as COVID-19, was identified in Wuhan, China. The newly identified zoonotic coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is characterized by rapid human-to-human transmission. Many cancer patients frequently visit the hospital for treatment and disease surveillance. They may be immunocompromised due to the underlying malignancy or anticancer therapy and are at higher risk of developing infections. Several factors increase the risk of infection, and cancer patients commonly have multiple risk factors. Cancer patients appear to have an estimated twofold increased risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 than the general population. With the WHO declaring the novel coronavirus outbreak a pandemic, there is an urgent need to address the impact of such a pandemic on cancer patients. This include changes to resource allocation, clinical care, and the consent process during a pandemic. Currently and due to limited data, there are no international guidelines to address the management of cancer patients in any infectious pandemic. In this review, the potential challenges associated with managing cancer patients during the COVID-19 infection pandemic will be addressed, with suggestions of some practical approaches. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The main management strategies for treating cancer patients during the COVID-19 epidemic include clear communication and education about hand hygiene, infection control measures, high-risk exposure, and the signs and symptoms of COVID-19. Consideration of risk and benefit for active intervention in the cancer population must be individualized. Postponing elective surgery or adjuvant chemotherapy for cancer patients with low risk of progression should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Minimizing outpatient visits can help to mitigate exposure and possible further transmission. Telemedicine may be used to support patients to minimize number of visits and risk of exposure. More research is needed to better understand SARS-CoV-2 virology and epidemiology."}, {"pmid": 32362733, "pmcid": "PMC7194550", "title": "Minimising aerosol generation during orthopaedic surgical procedures- Current practice to protect theatre staff during Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Raghavan, Roshan", "Middleton, Paul R", "Mehdi, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362733", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346874, "pmcid": "PMC7267260", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and the hidden carriers: Sewage, feline, and blood transfusion.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ali, Muhammad", "Zaid, Muhammad", "Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem", "Ahmed, Haroon", "Afzal, Muhammad Sohail"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346874", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386886, "pmcid": "PMC7190517", "title": "Helmet continuous positive airway pressure and prone positioning: A proposal for an early management of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Longhini, F", "Bruni, A", "Garofalo, E", "Navalesi, P", "Grasselli, G", "Cosentini, R", "Foti, G", "Mattei, A", "Ippolito, M", "Accurso, G", "Vitale, F", "Cortegiani, A", "Gregoretti, C"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386886", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516035, "title": "Addressing COVID-19 Among People Experiencing Homelessness: Description, Adaptation, and Early Findings of a Multiagency Response in Boston.", "journal": "Public Health Rep", "authors": ["Baggett, Travis P", "Racine, Melanie W", "Lewis, Elizabeth", "De Las Nueces, Denise", "O'Connell, James J", "Bock, Barry", "Gaeta, Jessie M"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516035", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "People experiencing homelessness are at high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In March 2020, Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, in partnership with city and state public health agencies, municipal leaders, and homeless service providers, developed and implemented a citywide COVID-19 care model for this vulnerable population. Components included symptom screening at shelter front doors, expedited testing at pop-up sites, isolation and management venues for symptomatic people under investigation and for people with confirmed disease, quarantine venues for asymptomatic exposed people, and contact investigation and tracing. Real-time disease surveillance efforts in a large shelter outbreak of COVID-19 during the third week of operations illustrated the need for several adaptations to the care model to better respond to the local epidemiology of illness among people experiencing homelessness. Symptom screening was de-emphasized given the high number of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic infections discovered during mass testing; contact tracing and quarantining were phased out under the assumption of universal exposure among the sheltered population; and isolation and management venues were rapidly expanded to accommodate a surge in people with newly diagnosed COVID-19. During the first 6 weeks of operation, 429 of 1297 (33.1%) tested people were positive for COVID-19; of these, 395 people were experiencing homelessness at the time of testing, representing about 10% of the homeless adult population in Boston. Universal testing, as resources permit, is a focal point of ongoing efforts to mitigate the effect of COVID-19 on this vulnerable group of people."}, {"pmid": 32404859, "title": "The Global Spine Community and COVID-19: Divided or United?", "journal": "Spine (Phila Pa 1976)", "authors": ["Louie, Philip K", "Harada, Garrett K", "McCarthy, Michael H", "Albert, Todd J", "An, Howard S", "Samartzis, Dino"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404859", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283877, "title": "[Prognostic value of myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, L", "He, W B", "Yu, X M", "Liu, H F", "Zhou, W J", "Jiang, H"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283877", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the prognostic value of myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19. Method: Confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients admitted from January 31st to February 5th at isolation ward of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were divided into non-survival group and survival group according to the clinical outcomes 5 weeks after admission. Data including demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, laboratory results were obtained. Cardiac injury was defined as serum concentration of high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) above 0.04 \u03bcg/L. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to analyze the prognostic value of myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to plotted survival curve and analyze the impact of myocardial injury on the survival outcome of COVID-19 patients. Results: A total of 202 patients were included, the age was 63 (51, 70) years old, 88 (43.6%) of them were male, 85 (42.1%) of them had comorbidities, 125 (61.9%) of them were severely to critically ill. Till March 11, 33 patients died, all of them were critically ill patients. The age, proportion of males, comorbidities, respire rate, serum levels of hs-cTnI and incidence of heart failure in the non-survival group were significantly higher than those in the survival group (all P<0.05). The hospitalization time of non-survival group was significantly shorter than that of survival group (6(4, 9) vs. 32(23, 36), P<0.001). Myocardial injury was an important prognostic factor of COVID-19 (HR=5.382, 95%CI 2.404-12.05, P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the presence of myocardial injury was significantly associated with the reduced survival rate among COVID-19 patients (P<0.001). Conclusion: Myocardial injury is an important prognostic factor of COVID-19, COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury face a significantly higher risk of death."}, {"pmid": 32205267, "pmcid": "PMC7118680", "title": "YouTube as source of information on 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak: a cross sectional study of English and Mandarin content.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Khatri, Priyanka", "Singh, Shweta R", "Belani, Neeta Kesu", "Yeong, Yin Leng", "Lohan, Rahul", "Lim, Yee Wei", "Teo, Winnie Zy"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205267", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is rapidly evolving. YouTube has been recognized as a popular source of information in previous disease outbreaks. We analyzed the content on YouTube about n-CoV in English and Mandarin languages. YouTube was searched using the terms '2019 novel coronavirus', 'Wuhan virus' and '' (Mandarin for Wuhan virus) on 1st and 2nd February 2020. First 50 videos in each group were analyzed. Videos in other languages, duplicate videos, those without an audio and duration >15\u00a0min were excluded .72 videos in English and 42 in Mandarin were reviewed. 2 reviewers classified the videos as useful, misleading or news based on pre specified criterion. Inter-observer agreement was evaluated with kappa coefficient. Modified DISCERN index for reliability and medical information and content index (MICI) score were used for content analysis. These videos attracted cumulative 21,288,856 views. 67% of English and 50% Mandarin videos had useful information. The viewership of misleading Mandarin videos was higher than the useful ones. WHO accounted for only 4% of useful videos. Mean DISCERN score for reliability was 3.12/5 and 3.25/5 for English and Mandarin videos respectively. Mean cumulative MICI score of useful videos was low (6.71/25 for English and 6.28/25 for Mandarin). YouTube viewership during 2019 n-CoV outbreak is higher than previous outbreaks. The medical content of videos is suboptimal International health agencies are underrepresented. Given its popularity, YouTube should be considered as important platform for information dissemination."}, {"pmid": 32367779, "title": "The impact of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Perioper Pract", "authors": ["Williams, Tracey"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367779", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335336, "pmcid": "PMC7195345", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: Is it the newest spark in the TORCH?", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Muldoon, Kathleen M", "Fowler, Karen B", "Pesch, Megan H", "Schleiss, Mark R"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335336", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amid the rapidly evolving global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has already had profound effects on public health and medical infrastructure globally, many questions remain about its impact on child health. The unique needs of neonates and children, and their role in the spread of the virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) should be included in preparedness and response plans. Fetuses and newborn infants may be uniquely vulnerable to the damaging consequences of congenitally- or perinatally-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection, but data are limited about outcomes of COVID-19 disease during pregnancy. Therefore, information on illnesses associated with other highly pathogenic coronaviruses (i.e., severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS]), as well as comparisons to common congenital infections, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), are warranted. Research regarding the potential routes of acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the prenatal and perinatal setting is of a high public health priority. Vaccines targeting women of reproductive age, and in particular pregnant patients, should be evaluated in clinical trials and should include the endpoints of neonatal infection and disease."}, {"pmid": 32519768, "title": "Hyperpyrexia in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Suwanwongse, Kulachanya", "Shabarek, Nehad"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519768", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health emergency, in which its effective treatment and prevention remain obscured. Hyperpyrexia is an elevation of body temperature (BT) above 106.7 \u00b0F (41.5 \u00b0C) due to an abnormally increased hypothalamic thermo-regulatory set. The pathophysiology, impact, and outcomes of hyperpyrexia in COVID-19 patients have not yet been studied. Herein, we present clinical features and outcomes of six COVID-19 patients who had developed hyperpyrexia during hospitalization. All patients expired shortly after the onset of hyperpyrexia. Hyperpyrexia seems to adversely impact the outcomes and mortality in patients with COVID-19. The underlying mechanisms of developing hyperpyrexia in COVID-19 are mysterious. We propose it may be caused by SARS-CoV-2 related brain injury, exuberant immune response, and thrombus formation. More research is needed to verify our results. Understanding the association between hyperpyrexia and SARS-CoV-2 will help to elucidate the COVID-19 pathogenesis, which is mandatory for developing effective treatment strategies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32500633, "title": "\"Thinking outside the box in COVID-19 era\"-Application of Modified Aerosol Box in Dermatology.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Babu, Bibilash", "Shivakumar, Swathi", "Dr Asokan, Karthika"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500633", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363628, "title": "Management of older people during the COVID-19 outbreak: Recommendations from an Italian experience.", "journal": "Int J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["di Giacomo, Ester", "Bellelli, Giuseppe", "Peschi, Gianluca", "Scarpetta, Stefano", "Colmegna, Fabrizia", "de Girolamo, Giovanni", "Clerici, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363628", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376793, "title": "Is Gradual and Controlled Approach to Herd Protection a Valid Strategy to Curb the COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Laxminarayan, Ramanan", "John, T Jacob"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376793", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324273, "pmcid": "PMC7264676", "title": "Meeting the challenge of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease in patients with cancer.", "journal": "Cancer", "authors": ["Spiess, Philippe E", "Greene, John", "Keenan, Robert J", "Paculdo, David", "Letson, G Douglas", "Peabody, John W"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324273", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361387, "pmcid": "PMC7195325", "title": "Chinese mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Huang, Yeen", "Zhao, Ning"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361387", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to assess the Chinese mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from 7,236 participants assessed with anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms, and poor sleep . The overall prevalence of anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms, sleep quality were 35.1%, 20.1%, 18.2%, respectively. Younger people reported a higher prevalence of anxiety disorders and depressive symptoms than older people (P < 0.001). Compared with other occupation, healthcare workers have the highest rate of poor sleep quality (P < 0.001). We identified a major mental health burden of the public during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in China. Younger people and healthcare workers were at high risk for mental illness."}, {"pmid": 32249681, "pmcid": "PMC7273863", "title": "Triaging Office Based Urology Procedures during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Katz, Eric G", "Stensland, Kristian D", "Mandeville, Jessica A", "MacLachlan, Lara S", "Moinzadeh, Alireza", "Sorcini, Andrea", "Zaid, Harras B", "Bukavina, Laura", "Ponsky, Lee", "Chang, Sam S"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249681", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242831, "title": "Clinical laboratory and SARS-CoV-2 infection: where do we stand?", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Galli, Claudio", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242831", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323923, "pmcid": "PMC7264789", "title": "Aerosol or droplet: critical definitions in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Kohanski, Michael A", "Palmer, James N", "Cohen, Noam A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323923", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347898, "pmcid": "PMC7191469", "title": "Variation in COVID-19 Hospitalizations and Deaths Across New York City Boroughs.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Wadhera, Rishi K", "Wadhera, Priya", "Gaba, Prakriti", "Figueroa, Jose F", "Joynt Maddox, Karen E", "Yeh, Robert W", "Shen, Changyu"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347898", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221002, "title": "Can companion animals become infected with Covid-19?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Almendros, Angel"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221002", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497768, "pmcid": "PMC7263234", "title": "After the COVID 19 outbreak in Italy: What have we learnt?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["De Filippis, Giuseppe", "Cavazzana, Laura", "Errico, Marisa", "Olivieri, Pietro", "Parravicini, Elena", "Curci, Rossella", "De Murtas, Giovanni", "Gimigliano, Alessandra", "Carnevali, Davide", "Letzgus, Matteo", "Visconti, Alessandro", "Castaldi, Silvana", "Auxilia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497768", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500987, "title": "Characteristics and assessment of the usefulness of serological tests in the diagnostic of infections caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 on the basis of available manufacturer's data and literature review.", "journal": "Przegl Epidemiol", "authors": ["Rastawicki, Waldemar", "Rokosz-Chudziak, Natalia"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500987", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recognized in 2019 in Wuhan, China, the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is responsible for the occurrence of a global pandemic disease called COVID-19. So far, confirmation of infection is based on the detection of virus RNA in a sample taken from a person meeting the suspected case definition. However, in the laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections, in addition to genetic tests, serological methods can also be used to detect specific antibodies of the IgM, IgG and IgA class produced after contact with antigens or to detect viral antigen. Currently, a number of rapid immunochromatographic, chemiluminescent and ELISA immunoassay tests developed by different manufacturers for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are available on the market. Despite this fact, so far there is no WHO or ECDC recommendations or even reliable research regarding the usefulness of serological investigations in the laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32302782, "pmcid": "PMC7151364", "title": "Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: Time to change the paradigm of computed tomography.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Rotzinger, D C", "Beigelman-Aubry, C", "von Garnier, C", "Qanadli, S D"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302782", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To raise awareness for possible benefits of examining known COVID-19 patients presenting sudden clinical worsening with CT pulmonary angiography instead of standard non-contrast chest CT."}, {"pmid": 32490556, "title": "Insouciance and inexperience: A deadly combination when dealing with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Health Plann Manage", "authors": ["Paton, Calum"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490556", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article gives key reasons for the UK's tardy and confused attempts to react to the COVID-19 pandemic. It explains very poor outcomes in the UK (in terms of the spread of the virus and high mortality, already striking at the time of writing), in terms of an initial lack of political will to prioritise public health, itself a product of a strong Prime Minister who made the \"wrong call\". It also highlights a failure to \"follow the science\", except in so far as the \"science\" had already accepted some dubious political judgements and the lack of capacity to test as the starting-point."}, {"pmid": 32292587, "pmcid": "PMC7129032", "title": "Mutated COVID-19, May Foretells Mankind in a Great Risk in the Future.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Dawood, Ali A"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292587", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease 2019 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a zoonotic virus causing a variety of severe of respiratory diseases. SARS-CoV-2 is closest to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in structure. The highly prevalence of COVID-19 is due to the lack onset of symptoms. Our study aimed to present an overview of the virus in terms of structure, epidemiology, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. Conduct the differences of whole genome sequence and some viral proteins to determine the gap and the change alternation of nucleotides and amino acids sequences. We evaluate 11 complete genome sequence of different coronavirus using BAST and MAFFT software. We also selected 7 types of structural proteins. We were conclude that COVID-19 might be created new mutations specifically in glycoproteins hence requires caution and complete preparation by health authorities."}, {"pmid": 32527808, "title": "Coronavirus rips through Dutch mink farms, triggering culls.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Enserink, Martin"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527808", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391651, "pmcid": "PMC7272817", "title": "Infection control in dental health care during and after the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Volgenant, Catherine M C", "Persoon, Ilona F", "de Ruijter, Rolf A G", "de Soet, J J Hans"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391651", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease caused by the widespread transmission of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Some of those infected become seriously ill. Others do not show any symptoms, but can still contribute to transmission of the virus. SARS-CoV-2 is excreted in the oral cavity and can be spread via aerosols. Aerosol generating procedures in dental health care can increase the risk of transmission of the virus. Due to the risk of infection of both dental healthcare workers and patients, additional infection control measures for all patients are strongly recommended when providing dental health care. Consideration should be given to which infection control measures are necessary when providing care in both the current situation and in the future."}, {"pmid": 32281877, "title": "COVID-19 Lung Injury is Not High Altitude Pulmonary Edema.", "journal": "High Alt Med Biol", "authors": ["Luks, Andrew", "Freer, Luanne", "Grissom, Colin", "McIntosh, Scott E", "Schoene, Robert B", "Swenson, Erik", "Hackett, Peter H"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281877", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Not applicable."}, {"pmid": 32357084, "title": "A Feasibility Study of Urgent Implementation of Cystic Fibrosis Multidisciplinary Telemedicine Clinic in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic: Single-Center Experience.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Compton, Martina", "Soper, Morgan", "Reilly, Bonnie", "Gettle, Lucy", "List, Rhonda", "Bailey, Molly", "Bruschwein, Heather", "Somerville, Lindsay", "Albon, Dana"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357084", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    \n                        Introduction:\n                    \n                    The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major world health problem. All U.S. states have advised their cystic fibrosis (CF) populations to socially isolate. Major health care payors such as Medicare and most private insurance companies have agreed to reimburse health care providers for telemedicine and telephone visits.\n                    \n                        Methods:\n                    \n                    The CF adult team at the University of Virginia (UVA) transitioned from face-to-face clinics to multidisciplinary telemedicine clinics by using WebEx\u00ae (Cisco Systems, San Jose, CA), a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) compliant platform.\n                    \n                        Interventions:\n                    \n                    Patients were contacted before scheduled visits and triaged into: (1) patients eligible for the multidisciplinary telemedicine clinic, (2) patients to be seen in clinic urgently due to acute needs, and (3) stable patients who can be rescheduled at a later time. Ineligible patients for the telemedicine clinic due to lack of access to technology were followed up via telephone.\n                    \n                        Results:\n                    \n                    A total of 63 patients were scheduled to be seen in the UVA clinic over 4 weeks, 10 clinic days. Of these patients, 20 (32%) rescheduled their appointment. In addition, 2 patients (3%) were seen in clinic for acute needs and 38 (60%) were seen by the multidisciplinary team through telemedicine.\n                    \n                        Conclusions:\n                    \n                    In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, implementing a telemedicine clinic process that serves the needs of a multidisciplinary care team is paramount to preserving the CF care model. Through a systematic design and test process, a feasible and sustainable program was created that can be utilized by other multidisciplinary programs to adapt to their context.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32204751, "title": "Consideration of the respiratory support strategy of severe acute respiratory failure caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Marraro, Giuseppe A", "Spada, Claudio"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204751", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent ongoing outbreak of severe pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), currently of unknown origin, creates a world emergency that has put global public health institutions on high alert. At present there is limited clinical information of the SARS-CoV-2 and there is no specific treatment recommended, although technical guidances and suggestions have been developed and will continue to be updated as additional information becomes available. Preventive treatment has an important role to control and avoid the spread of severe respiratory disease, but often is difficult to obtain and sometimes cannot be effective to reduce the risk of deterioration of the underlining lung pathology. In order to define an effective and safe treatment for SARS-CoV-2-associated disease, we provide considerations on the actual treatments, on how to avoid complications and the undesirable side effects related to them and to select and apply earlier the most appropriate treatment. Approaching to treat severe respiratory disease in infants and children, the risks related to the development of atelectasis starting invasive or non-invasive ventilation support and the risk of oxygen toxicity must be taken into serious consideration. For an appropriate and effective approach to treat severe pediatric respiratory diseases, two main different strategies can be proposed according to the stage and severity of the patient conditions: patient in the initial phase and with non-severe lung pathology and patient with severe initial respiratory impairment and/or with delay in arrival to observation. The final outcome is strictly connected with the ability to apply an appropriate treatment early and to reduce all the complications that can arise during the intensive care admission."}, {"pmid": 32406829, "title": "Deep learning for classification and localization of COVID-19 markers in point-of-care lung ultrasound.", "journal": "IEEE Trans Med Imaging", "authors": ["Roy, Subhankar", "Menapace, Willi", "Oei, Sebastiaan", "Luijten, Ben", "Fini, Enrico", "Saltori, Cristiano", "Huijben, Iris", "Chennakeshava, Nishith", "Mento, Federico", "Sentelli, Alessandro", "Peschiera, Emanuele", "Trevisan, Riccardo", "Maschietto, Giovanni", "Torri, Elena", "Inchingolo, Riccardo", "Smargiassi, Andrea", "Soldati, Gino", "Rota, Paolo", "Passerini, Andrea", "Van Sloun, Ruud J G", "Ricci, Elisa", "Demi, Libertario"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406829", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Deep learning (DL) has proved successful in medical imaging and, in the wake of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, some works have started to investigate DLbased solutions for the assisted diagnosis of lung diseases. While existing works focus on CT scans, this paper studies the application of DL techniques for the analysis of lung ultrasonography (LUS) images. Specifically, we present a novel fully-annotated dataset of LUS images collected from several Italian hospitals, with labels indicating the degree of disease severity at a frame-level, videolevel, and pixel-level (segmentation masks). Leveraging these data, we introduce several deep models that address relevant tasks for the automatic analysis of LUS images. In particular, we present a novel deep network, derived from Spatial Transformer Networks, which simultaneously predicts the disease severity score associated to a input frame and provides localization of pathological artefacts in a weakly-supervised way. Furthermore, we introduce a new method based on uninorms for effective frame score aggregation at a video-level. Finally, we benchmark state of the art deep models for estimating pixel-level segmentations of COVID-19 imaging biomarkers. Experiments on the proposed dataset demonstrate satisfactory results on all the considered tasks, paving the way to future research on DL for the assisted diagnosis of COVID-19 from LUS data."}, {"pmid": 32240958, "pmcid": "PMC7270773", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak: Crucial role the psychiatrists can play.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Banerjee, Debanjan"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240958", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495582, "title": "[Suggestions on design of evidence-based traditional Chinese medicine clinical study for new public health emergencies].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Lian-Xin", "Xie, Yan-Ming"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495582", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) has occurred for 2 months, and seriously affected the people's health in the world. Therefore, scientific prevention and control strategies and effective intervention measures are the only ways to solve the world problem. In the determination of intervention measures, not only the effectiveness evaluation, but also accessibility, treatment cost, inventory and production capacity and other relevant sociological issues shall be considered, especially in low and middle-income countries and regions. With the introduction of clinical epidemiological experiment design and evidence-based medicine evidence evaluation into the evaluation of curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), TCM has officially entered the studies of syndrome regularity of new public health emergencies(such as SARS and influenza) clearly diagnosed by modern medicine for many years, as well as the development of relevant guidelines, consensus and paths. The results of curative effect show that TCM could significantly alleviate symptoms, control disease and tendency, reduce the occurrence of critical illness, and improve the clinical efficacy and the prognosis and quality of life of patients, which fully reflects the consciousness and self-confidence of traditional Chinese medicine workers. For the evidence-based evaluation of TCM intervention in new public health emergencies, the basic principles and general methods of clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine shall be followed to obtain high-quality evidence; besides, we shall also fully realize that clinical scientific study is carried out with the epidemic treatment as the primary task. The scientific hypothesis comes from the clinical problems unsolved. The scientific study conclusions aim to give feedbacks to clinical diagnosis and treatment regimens. The core elements of clinical trials are population(P), intervention(I), control(C), outcome(O), which are abbreviated as &quot;PICO&quot;. The evaluation of intervention measures for new public health emergencies with traditional Chinese medicine shall have clear study objectives and a high quality, with a correct analysis method as the guarantee of real and reliable results. Then, the selection of patients, the de-finition of intervention measures and control measures, the development of end-point indicators, the clinical quality control under special epidemics, the data verification, and the data analysis methods to be adopted are all characteristics and key points that need special consideration. It is suggested that scientific experimental design, rigorous collection and scientific data analysis shall be conducted to reflect the therapeutic value of traditional Chinese medicine, so that the study results could be adopted and shared, and become the scientific evidence for China and even the global to republish the diagnosis and treatment regimens."}, {"pmid": 32363760, "pmcid": "PMC7267148", "title": "Challenges for mental health services during the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak in Germany.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Thome, Johannes", "Coogan, Andrew N", "Fischer, Matthias", "Tucha, Oliver", "Faltraco, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363760", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32180175, "pmcid": "PMC7090434", "title": "Safety and efficacy of different anesthetic regimens for parturients with COVID-19 undergoing Cesarean delivery: a case series of 17 patients.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Chen, Rong", "Zhang, Yuan", "Huang, Lei", "Cheng, Bi-Heng", "Xia, Zhong-Yuan", "Meng, Qing-Tao"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32180175", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the management and safety of epidural or general anesthesia for Cesarean delivery in parturients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and their newborns, and to evaluate the standardized procedures for protecting medical staff. We retrospectively reviewed the cases of parturients diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection disease (COVID-19). Their epidemiologic history, chest computed tomography scans, laboratory measurements, and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positivity were evaluated. We also recorded the patients' demographic and clinical\u00a0characteristics, anesthesia and surgery-related data, maternal and neonatal complications, as well as the health status of the involved medical staff. The clinical characteristics of 17 pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 were similar to those previously reported in non-pregnant adult patients. All of the 17 patients underwent Cesarean delivery with anesthesia performed according to standardized anesthesia/surgery procedures. Fourteen of the patients underwent continuous epidural anesthesia with 12 experiencing significant intraoperative hypotension. Three patients received general anesthesia with tracheal intubation because emergency surgery was needed. Three of the parturients are still recovering from their Cesarean delivery and are receiving in-hospital treatment for COVID-19. Three neonates were born prematurely. There were no deaths or serious neonatal asphyxia events. All neonatal SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests were negative. No medical staff were infected throughout the patient care period. Both epidural and general anesthesia were safely used for Cesarean delivery in the parturients with COVID-19. Nevertheless, the incidence of hypotension during epidural anesthesia appeared excessive. Proper patient transfer, medical staff access procedures, and effective biosafety precautions are important to protect medical staff from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32472936, "title": "Maximum Daily Temperature, Precipitation, Ultra-Violet Light and Rates of Transmission of SARS-Cov-2 in the United States.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Sehra, Shiv T", "Salciccioli, Justin D", "Wiebe, Douglas J", "Fundin, Shelby", "Baker, Joshua F"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472936", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous reports have suggested that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is reduced by higher temperatures and higher humidity. We analyzed case-data from the United States to investigate effects of temperature, precipitation, and UV Light on community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Daily reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 across the United States from 01/22/2020 to 04/03/2020 were analyzed. We used negative binomial regression modelling to investigate whether daily maximum temperature, precipitation, UV Index and the incidence 5 days later were related. We performed sensitivity analyses at 3 days, 7 days and 9 days to assess transmission lags. A maximum temperature greater than 52\u00b0F on a given day was associated with a lower rate of new cases at 5 days[IRR: 0.85(0.76,0.96)p=0.009]. Among observations with daily temperatures below 52\u00b0F, there was a significant inverse association between the maximum daily temperature and the rate of cases at 5 days [IRR 0.98(0.97,0.99)p=0.001]. The rate of new cases was predicted to be lower for theoretical states that maintained a stable maximum daily temperature above 52\u00b0F with a predicted 23-fewer cases per-million per-day by 25 days of the epidemic. A 1-unit higher UV index was associated with a lower rate at 5 days [IRR 0.97(0.95,0.99)p=0.004]. Precipitation was not associated with a greater rate of cases at 5 days [IRR 0.98(0.89,1.08)p=0.65]. The incidence of disease declines with increasing temperature up until 52\u00b0F and is lower at warmer versus cooler temperatures. However, the association between temperature and transmission is small and transmission is likely to remain high at warmer temperatures."}, {"pmid": 32431052, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 lgM/lgG antibody detection confirms the infection after three negative nucleic acid detection.", "journal": "J Cell Mol Med", "authors": ["Li, Hua", "Pan, Jue", "Su, Yi", "Wang, Beili", "Ge, Junbo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431052", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of viral pneumonia was caused by a novel coronavirus in China in 2019. By March 19, over 200 thousand confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and over 9000 deaths have been reported throughout the world. For this infectious disease, nucleic acid detection is still the gold standard for pathogenic detection. However, nucleic acid detection takes a long time and has relatively high \"false negative\"; therefore, we need urgently a convenient and accurate detection method to make up for this deficiency. In this article, we will show such technical characteristics of lgM/lgG serum antibody detection, compared with nucleic acid detection."}, {"pmid": 32473931, "pmcid": "PMC7250778", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on individuals living with serious mental illness.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Hamada, Kareem", "Fan, Xiaoduo"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473931", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527471, "pmcid": "PMC7198178", "title": "Ultrasound in the management of the critically ill patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): narrative review.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Fraile Gutierrez, V", "Ayuela Azcarate, J M", "Perez-Torres, D", "Zapata, L", "Rodriguez Yakushev, A", "Ochagavia, A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527471", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical picture of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is characterized in its more severe form, by an acute respiratory failure which can worsen to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and get complicated with thrombotic events and heart dysfunction. Therefore, admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is common. Ultrasound, which has become an everyday tool in the ICU, can be very useful during COVID-19 pandemic, since it provides the clinician with information which can be interpreted and integrated within a global assessment during the physical examination. A description of some of the potential applications of ultrasound is depicted in this document, in order to supply the physicians taking care of these patients with an adapted guide to the intensive care setting. Some of its applications since ICU admission include verification of the correct position of the endotracheal tube, contribution to safe cannulation of lines, and identification of complications and thrombotic events. Furthermore, pleural and lung ultrasound can be an alternative diagnostic test to assess the degree of involvement of the lung parenchyma by means of the evaluation of specific ultrasound patterns, identification of pleural effusions and barotrauma. Echocardiography provides information of heart involvement, detects cor pulmonale and shock states."}, {"pmid": 32297330, "pmcid": "PMC7262365", "title": "Reactive lymphocytes in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Chong, Vanessa C L", "Lim, Kian Guan Eric", "Fan, Bingwen Eugene", "Chan, Stephrene S W", "Ong, Kiat H", "Kuperan, Ponnudurai"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297330", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395037, "pmcid": "PMC7205175", "title": "Protecting yourself and your patients from COVID-19 in eye care.", "journal": "Community Eye Health", "authors": ["Hu, Victor H", "Watts, Elanor", "Burton, Matthew", "Kyari, Fatima", "Mathenge, Ciku", "Heidary, Fatemeh", "Hoffman, Jeremy", "Wolvaardt, Elmien"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395037", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361413, "pmcid": "PMC7175903", "title": "Initial CT imaging characters of an imported family cluster of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Huang, Lele", "Jiang, Jian", "Li, Xiaoping", "Zhou, Yonghuai", "Xu, Mingjun", "Zhou, Junlin"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361413", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of this report is to better understand the initial CT imaging spectrum and the relationship between clinical characteristics and initial CT imaging features of an imported family cluster cases involving 7 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. We find that initial CT findings of 4 patients were positive within one week after the onset of symptoms and 1 patient was negative before the onset of symptoms. Two asymptomatic patients had typical CT abnormalities. The initial CT imaging manifestations are mainly peripheral or subpleural ground-glass opacities and ground-glass with consolidation. Our report is of potential guiding value for the initial CT screening of imported familial cluster cases since the imported cases have an identified time of infection."}, {"pmid": 32340020, "pmcid": "PMC7250342", "title": "European Association for the Study of Obesity Position Statement on the Global COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Obes Facts", "authors": ["Fruhbeck, Gema", "Baker, Jennifer Lyn", "Busetto, Luca", "Dicker, Dror", "Goossens, Gijs H", "Halford, Jason C G", "Handjieva-Darlenska, Teodora", "Hassapidou, Maria", "Holm, Jens-Christian", "Lehtinen-Jacks, Susanna", "Mullerova, Dana", "O'Malley, Grace", "Sagen, Jorn V", "Rutter, Harry", "Salas, Ximena Ramos", "Woodward, Euan", "Yumuk, Volkan", "Farpour-Lambert, Nathalie J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340020", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414670, "pmcid": "PMC7198156", "title": "Neurosurgical Training During COVID-19 Pandemic: British Perspective.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Low, Jacob Chen Ming", "Visagan, Ravindran", "Perera, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414670", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32114075, "pmcid": "PMC7102602", "title": "Asymptomatic coronavirus infection: MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114075", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401715, "pmcid": "PMC7211500", "title": "Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir-ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Lung, Kwok-Cheung", "Tso, Eugene Yuk-Keung", "Liu, Raymond", "Chung, Tom Wai-Hin", "Chu, Man-Yee", "Ng, Yuk-Yung", "Lo, Jenny", "Chan, Jacky", "Tam, Anthony Raymond", "Shum, Hoi-Ping", "Chan, Veronica", "Wu, Alan Ka-Lun", "Sin, Kit-Man", "Leung, Wai-Shing", "Law, Wai-Lam", "Lung, David Christopher", "Sin, Simon", "Yeung, Pauline", "Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Zhang, Ricky Ruiqi", "Fung, Agnes Yim-Fong", "Yan, Erica Yuen-Wing", "Leung, Kit-Hang", "Ip, Jonathan Daniel", "Chu, Allen Wing-Ho", "Chan, Wan-Mui", "Ng, Anthony Chin-Ki", "Lee, Rodney", "Fung, Kitty", "Yeung, Alwin", "Wu, Tak-Chiu", "Chan, Johnny Wai-Man", "Yan, Wing-Wah", "Chan, Wai-Ming", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Lie, Albert Kwok-Wai", "Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Que, Tak-Lun", "Lau, Chak-Sing", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401715", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective antiviral therapy is important for tackling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We assessed the efficacy and safety of combined interferon beta-1b, lopinavir-ritonavir, and ribavirin for treating patients with COVID-19. This was a multicentre, prospective, open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial in adults with COVID-19 who were admitted to six hospitals in Hong Kong. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to a 14-day combination of lopinavir 400 mg and ritonavir 100 mg every 12 h, ribavirin 400 mg every 12 h, and three doses of 8 million international units of interferon beta-1b on alternate days (combination group) or to 14 days of lopinavir 400 mg and ritonavir 100 mg every 12 h (control group). The primary endpoint was the time to providing a nasopharyngeal swab negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RT-PCR, and was done in the intention-to-treat population. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04276688. Between Feb 10 and March 20, 2020, 127 patients were recruited; 86 were randomly assigned to the combination group and 41 were assigned to the control group. The median number of days from symptom onset to start of study treatment was 5 days (IQR 3-7). The combination group had a significantly shorter median time from start of study treatment to negative nasopharyngeal swab (7 days [IQR 5-11]) than the control group (12 days [8-15]; hazard ratio 4\u00b737 [95% CI 1\u00b786-10\u00b724], p=0\u00b70010). Adverse events included self-limited nausea and diarrhoea with no difference between the two groups. One patient in the control group discontinued lopinavir-ritonavir because of biochemical hepatitis. No patients died during the study. Early triple antiviral therapy was safe and superior to lopinavir-ritonavir alone in alleviating symptoms and shortening the duration of viral shedding and hospital stay in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. Future clinical study of a double antiviral therapy with interferon beta-1b as a backbone is warranted. The Shaw-Foundation, Richard and Carol Yu, May Tam Mak Mei Yin, and Sanming Project of Medicine."}, {"pmid": 32281052, "pmcid": "PMC7152513", "title": "Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for COVID-19: Present or Future.", "journal": "Stem Cell Rev Rep", "authors": ["Golchin, Ali", "Seyedjafari, Ehsan", "Ardeshirylajimi, Abdolreza"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281052", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\"COVID-19\" is the word that certainly isn't forgotten by everybody who lives in the first half of the twenty-first century. COVID-19, as a pandemic, has led many researchers from different biomedical fields to find solutions or treatments to manage the pandemic. However, no standard treatment for this disease has been discovered to date. Probably, preventing the severe acute respiratory infection form of COVID-19 as the most dangerous phase of this disease can be helpful for the treatment and reduction of the death rate. In this regard, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based immunomodulation treatment has been proposed as a suitable therapeutic approach and several clinical trials have begun. Recently, MSCs according to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties attract attention in clinical trials. After the intravenous transplantation of MSCs, a significant population of cells accumulates in the lung, which they alongside immunomodulatory effect could protect alveolar epithelial cells, reclaim the pulmonary microenvironment, prevent pulmonary fibrosis, and cure lung dysfunction. Given the uncertainties in this area, we reviewed reported clinical trials and hypotheses to provide useful information to researchers and those interested in stem cell therapy. In this study, we considered this new approach to improve patient's immunological responses to COVID-19 using MSCs and discussed the aspects of this proposed treatment. However, currently, there are no approved MSC-based approaches for the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 patients but clinical trials ongoing."}, {"pmid": 32471205, "title": "Prediction of Novel Inhibitors of the Main Protease (M-pro) of SARS-CoV-2 through Consensus Docking and Drug Reposition.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Gimeno, Aleix", "Mestres-Truyol, Julia", "Ojeda-Montes, Maria Jose", "Macip, Guillem", "Saldivar-Espinoza, Bryan", "Cereto-Massague, Adria", "Pujadas, Gerard", "Garcia-Vallve, Santiago"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471205", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019 and its rapid spread worldwide, the scientific community has been under pressure to react and make progress in the development of an effective treatment against the virus responsible for the disease. Here, we implement an original virtual screening (VS) protocol for repositioning approved drugs in order to predict which of them could inhibit the main protease of the virus (M-pro), a key target for antiviral drugs given its essential role in the virus' replication. Two different libraries of approved drugs were docked against the structure of M-pro using Glide, FRED and AutoDock Vina, and only the equivalent high affinity binding modes predicted simultaneously by the three docking programs were considered to correspond to bioactive poses. In this way, we took advantage of the three sampling algorithms to generate hypothetic binding modes without relying on a single scoring function to rank the results. Seven possible SARS-CoV-2 M-pro inhibitors were predicted using this approach: Perampanel, Carprofen, Celecoxib, Alprazolam, Trovafloxacin, Sarafloxacin and ethyl biscoumacetate. Carprofen and Celecoxib have been selected by the COVID Moonshot initiative for in vitro testing; they show 3.97 and 11.90% M-pro inhibition at 50 \u00b5M, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32376603, "pmcid": "PMC7202686", "title": "Rapid development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Gao, Qiang", "Bao, Linlin", "Mao, Haiyan", "Wang, Lin", "Xu, Kangwei", "Yang, Minnan", "Li, Yajing", "Zhu, Ling", "Wang, Nan", "Lv, Zhe", "Gao, Hong", "Ge, Xiaoqin", "Kan, Biao", "Hu, Yaling", "Liu, Jiangning", "Cai, Fang", "Jiang, Deyu", "Yin, Yanhui", "Qin, Chengfeng", "Li, Jing", "Gong, Xuejie", "Lou, Xiuyu", "Shi, Wen", "Wu, Dongdong", "Zhang, Hengming", "Zhu, Lang", "Deng, Wei", "Li, Yurong", "Lu, Jinxing", "Li, Changgui", "Wang, Xiangxi", "Yin, Weidong", "Zhang, Yanjun", "Qin, Chuan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376603", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in an unprecedented public health crisis. There are currently no SARS-CoV-2-specific treatments or vaccines available due to the novelty of the virus. Hence, rapid development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed. Here we developed a pilot-scale production of a purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine candidate (PiCoVacc), which induced SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies in mice, rats and non-human primates. These antibodies neutralized 10 representative SARS-CoV-2 strains, suggesting a possible broader neutralizing ability against SARS-CoV-2 strains. Three immunizations using two different doses (3 \u03bcg or 6 \u03bcg per dose) provided partial or complete protection in macaques against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, respectively, without observable antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. These data support clinical development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for humans."}, {"pmid": 32032682, "pmcid": "PMC7102641", "title": "Pathogenicity and transmissibility of 2019-nCoV-A quick overview and comparison with other emerging viruses.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Jieliang"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32032682", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A zoonotic coronavirus, tentatively labeled as 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO), has been identified as the causative agent of the viral pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. Although 2019-nCoV can cause a severe respiratory illness like SARS and MERS, evidence from clinics suggested that 2019-nCoV is generally less pathogenic than SARS-CoV, and much less than MERS-CoV. The transmissibility of 2019-nCoV is still debated and needs to be further assessed. To avoid the 2019-nCoV outbreak turning into an epidemic or even a pandemic and to minimize the mortality rate, China activated emergency response procedures, but much remains to be learned about the features of the virus to refine the risk assessment and response. Here, the current knowledge in 2019-nCoV pathogenicity and transmissibility is summarized in comparison with several commonly known emerging viruses, and information urgently needed for a better control of the disease is highlighted."}, {"pmid": 32495952, "title": "Recommendations for Treatment of Nail Psoriasis During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Ricardo, Jose W", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495952", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32057299, "pmcid": "PMC7130048", "title": "The first 2019 novel coronavirus case in Nepal.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bastola, Anup", "Sah, Ranjit", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Lal, Bibek Kumar", "Jha, Runa", "Ojha, Hemant Chanda", "Shrestha, Bikesh", "Chu, Daniel K W", "Poon, Leo L M", "Costello, Anthony", "Morita, Kouichi", "Pandey, Basu Dev"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32057299", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527654, "title": "Screening for active COVID-19 infection prior to biologic therapy in IBD patients: Let's not increase our uncertainty without reducing our concerns.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Festa, Stefano", "Aratari, Annalisa", "De Biasio, Fabiola", "Fasci-Spurio, Federica", "Papi, Claudio"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527654", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396769, "pmcid": "PMC7256355", "title": "Identification of potential molecules against COVID-19 main protease through structure-guided virtual screening approach.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Mittal, Lovika", "Kumari, Anita", "Srivastava, Mitul", "Singh, Mrityunjay", "Asthana, Shailendra"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396769", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infecting millions of populations worldwide and counting, has demanded quick and potential therapeutic strategies. Current approved drugs or molecules under clinical trials can be a good pool for repurposing through in-silico techniques to quickly identify promising drug candidates. The structural information of recently released crystal structures of main protease (Mpro) in APO and complex with inhibitors, N3, and 13b molecules was utilized to explore the binding site architecture through Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The stable state of Mpro was used to conduct extensive virtual screening of the aforementioned drug pool. Considering the recent success of HIV protease molecules, we also used anti-protease molecules for drug repurposing purposes. The identified top hits were further evaluated through MD simulations followed by the binding free energy calculations using MM-GBSA. Interestingly, in our screening, several promising drugs stand out as potential inhibitors of Mpro. However, based on control (N3 and 13b), we have identified six potential molecules, Leupeptin Hemisulphate, Pepstatin A, Nelfinavir, Birinapant, Lypression and Octreotide which have shown the reasonably significant MM-GBSA score. Further insight shows that the molecules form stable interactions with hot-spot residues, that are mainly conserved and can be targeted for structure- and pharmacophore-based designing. The pharmacokinetic annotations and therapeutic importance have suggested that these molecules possess drug-like properties and pave their way for in-vitro studies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32430304, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors sound alarm over hospital transmissions.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430304", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441125, "title": "Time-Out Protocol to Ensure Understanding and Implementation of the Storm of Instructions and Protocols During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Med Qual", "authors": ["Kobo-Greenhut, Ayala", "Arad, Jakob", "Levi-Hevroni, Bar Osher Revital", "Ben Shlomo, Izhar"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441125", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379707, "title": "Examining the incubation period distributions of COVID-19 on Chinese patients with different travel histories.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Xiao, Zuopeng", "Xie, Xi", "Guo, Wenbo", "Luo, Zhiqiang", "Liao, Jianxiang", "Wen, Feiqiu", "Zhou, Qingfeng", "Han, Laiwei", "Zheng, Te"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379707", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current studies estimated a general incubation period distribution of COVID-19 based on early-confirmed cases in Wuhan, and have not examined whether the incubation period distribution varies across population segments with different travel histories. We aimed to examine whether patients infected by community transmission had extended incubation periods than the early generation patients who had direct exposures to Wuhan. Based on 4741 patient case reports from municipal centers of disease control by February 21, 2020, we calculated the incubation periods of 2555 patients with clear epidemiological survey information and illness development timeline. All patients were categorized into five groups by their travel histories. Incubation period distributions were modeled for each group by the method of the posterior Weibull distribution estimation. Adults aged 30 to 59 years had the most substantial proportion of confirmed cases in China. The incubation period distribution varied slightly across patient groups with different travel histories. Patients who regularly lived in Wuhan and left to other locations before January 23, 2020 had the shortest posterior median value of 7.57 days for the incubation period, while the incubation periods for persons affected by local community transmission had the largest posterior median of incubation periods, 9.31 days. The median incubation period for all patients infected outside Wuhan was 9 days, a bit of more extended than the early estimated 5-day incubation period that was based on patients in Wuhan. Our findings may imply the decreases of virulence of the COVID-19 virus along with intergenerational transmission."}, {"pmid": 32238182, "pmcid": "PMC7110291", "title": "The fiscal value of human lives lost from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China.", "journal": "BMC Res Notes", "authors": ["Kirigia, Joses M", "Muthuri, Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238182", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to the WHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation report 35, as of 24th February 2020, there was a total of 77,262 confirmed COVID-19 cases in China. That included 2595 deaths. The specific objective of this study was to estimate the fiscal value of human lives lost due to COVID-19 in China as of 24th February 2020. The deaths from COVID-19 had a discounted (at 3%) total fiscal value of Int$ 924,346,795 in China. Out of which, 63.2% was borne by people aged 25-49\u00a0years, 27.8% by people aged 50-64\u00a0years, and 9.0% by people aged 65\u00a0years and above. The average fiscal value per death was Int$ 356,203. Re-estimation of the economic model alternately with 5% and 10 discount rates led to a reduction in the expected total fiscal value by 21.3% and 50.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the re-estimation of the economic model using the world's highest average life expectancy of 87.1\u00a0years (which is that of Japanese females), instead of the national life expectancy of 76.4\u00a0years, increased the total fiscal value by Int$ 229,456,430 (24.8%)."}, {"pmid": 32362722, "pmcid": "PMC7195611", "title": "Here we are: Agriculture and Human Values in the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Sanderson, Matthew R"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362722", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314850, "pmcid": "PMC7235470", "title": "Melatonin: Roles in influenza, Covid-19, and other viral infections.", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Anderson, George", "Reiter, Russel J"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314850", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a growing appreciation that the regulation of the melatonergic pathways, both pineal and systemic, may be an important aspect in how viruses drive the cellular changes that underpin their control of cellular function. We review the melatonergic pathway role in viral infections, emphasizing influenza and covid-19 infections. Viral, or preexistent, suppression of pineal melatonin disinhibits neutrophil attraction, thereby contributing to an initial \"cytokine storm\", as well as the regulation of other immune cells. Melatonin induces the circadian gene, Bmal1, which disinhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), countering viral inhibition of Bmal1/PDC. PDC drives mitochondrial conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), thereby increasing the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production. Pineal melatonin suppression attenuates this, preventing the circadian \"resetting\" of mitochondrial metabolism. This is especially relevant in immune cells, where shifting metabolism from glycolytic to oxidative phosphorylation, switches cells from reactive to quiescent phenotypes. Acetyl-CoA is a necessary cosubstrate for arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, providing an acetyl group to serotonin, and thereby initiating the melatonergic pathway. Consequently, pineal melatonin regulates mitochondrial melatonin and immune cell phenotype. Virus- and cytokine-storm-driven control of the pineal and mitochondrial melatonergic pathway therefore regulates immune responses. Virus-and cytokine storm-driven changes also increase gut permeability and dysbiosis, thereby suppressing levels of the short-chain fatty acid, butyrate, and increasing circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The alterations in butyrate and LPS can promote viral replication and host symptom severity via impacts on the melatonergic pathway. Focussing on immune regulators has treatment implications for covid-19 and other viral infections."}, {"pmid": 32521294, "title": "Comment on \"The experience on coronavirus disease 2019 and cancer from an oncology hub institution in Milan, Lombardy Region\" and reflections from the Italian Association of Oncology Nurses.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Biagioli, Valentina", "Belloni, Silvia", "Albanesi, Beatrice", "Piredda, Alessio", "Caruso, Rosario"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521294", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331246, "pmcid": "PMC7230235", "title": "Questionnaire on Perception of Threat from COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Perez-Fuentes, Maria Del Carmen", "Molero Jurado, Maria Del Mar", "Oropesa Ruiz, Nieves Fatima", "Martos Martinez, Africa", "Simon Marquez, Maria Del Mar", "Herrera-Peco, Ivan", "Gazquez Linares, Jose Jesus"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331246", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ravages caused by the disease known as COVID-19 has led to a worldwide healthcare and social emergency requiring an effective combined effort from everyone to reduce contagion. Under these circumstances, the perception of the disease is going to have a relevant role in the individual's psychological adjustment. However, at the present time there is no validated instrument for evaluating adult perception of threat from COVID-19. Considering the importance of perception or representation of the disease in a state of social alert, our study intended to validate an instrument measuring the psychological process of the disease caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19). In view of the above, this study evaluated the factor structure and reliability of the version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) for COVID-19 in a sample of adults. The sample consisted of 1014 Spanish adults (67.2% women and 32.8% men). The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a unidimensional model of the scale, which was the one that showed the best fit and explained 43.87% of the variance. This brief version has adequate psychometric properties and may be used to evaluate the perception of threat from COVID-19 in an adult Spanish population. The validation of this instrument contributes to progress in representation of COVID-19 in our culture."}, {"pmid": 32532663, "title": "The eighth alternative to evidence based medicine in the early era of the COVID-19 pandemic: Too much emergency and emotion, too little evidence.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Pieralli, Filippo", "Vannucchi, Vieri", "Olivotto, Iacopo"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532663", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512076, "title": "Under the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic circumstance, how to administrate cancer patients with fever during radiotherapy.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Lian, Xin", "Shen, Jing", "Sun, Yuliang", "Guan, Qiu", "Pang, Tingtian", "Yang, Zhiwei", "He, Lei", "Dong, Tingting", "Shen, Jie", "Zhang, Fuquan"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512076", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328595, "title": "Dental care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: operatory considerations and clinical aspects.", "journal": "Quintessence Int", "authors": ["Abramovitz, Itzhak", "Palmon, Aaron", "Levy, David", "Karabucak, Bekir", "Kot-Limon, Nurit", "Shay, Boaz", "Kolokythas, Antonia", "Almoznino, Galit"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328595", "countries": ["United States", "Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper is aimed at addressing the urgent need to develop a protocol that will address the operatory and clinical aspects of dental care during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The epidemiology, clinical signs and symptoms, and modes of transmission of COVID-19 are presented. This protocol was established as an international collaboration of three dental universities: Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Israel; University of Rochester Medical Center, USA; and the University of Pennsylvania, USA. This protocol is based on a detailed review of the existing English language literature as well on the logistic and clinical experience of each facility and the opinion of the authors. The protocol is designed for a hospital setting and includes considerations related to dental treatment in both healthy subjects and those suspected or diagnosed with COVID-19. The first part of this review discusses operatory considerations; the second part discusses general dental clinical aspects; the third part discusses endodontic considerations; and the fourth part discusses surgical aspects. This protocol may be applicable to other future similar pandemics. Logistic and clinical steps are required to provide dental care during the COVID-19 outbreak while preventing cross-contamination and protecting the dental team during the provision of care."}, {"pmid": 32447904, "title": "[Epidemiological characteristics of infection in COVID-19 close contacts in Ningbo city].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Y", "Wang, A H", "Yi, B", "Ding, K Q", "Wang, H B", "Wang, J M", "Shi, H B", "Wang, S J", "Xu, G Z"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447904", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To estimate the infection rate of close contacts of COVID-19 cases, and to evaluate the risk of COVID-19 under different exposure conditions. Methods: A prospective study was used to conduct continuous quarantine medical observations of close contacts of people infected with COVID-19, collect epidemiological, clinical manifestations, and laboratory test data to estimate the infection rate of close contacts under different exposures. Results: The epidemiological curve of COVID-19 in Ningbo showed persistent human-to-human characteristics. A total of 2 147 close contacts were tracked and investigated. The total infection rate was 6.15%. The infection rates of confirmed cases and positive contacts were 6.30% and 4.11%, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Among close contacts of different relationships, friends/pilgrims (22.31%), family members (18.01%), and relatives (4.73%) have a higher infection rate, and close contacts of medical staff were not infected. Differences in infection rates among the close contacts were statistically significant (P<0.005). Living with the case (13.26%), taking the same transportation (11.91%), and dining together (7.18%) are high risk factors for infection. Cross-infection in the hospital should not be ignored (1.94%). The median of incubation period is 5 days. Conclusion: The infection rate of close contacts of COVID-19 cases is high, and isolation medical observation measures should be implemented in strict accordance with the close contact management plan."}, {"pmid": 32360478, "title": "Emerging key laboratory tests for patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Biochem", "authors": ["Kavsak, Peter A", "de Wit, Kerstin", "Worster, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360478", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216653, "pmcid": "PMC7124946", "title": "Managing Oncology Services During a Major Coronavirus Outbreak: Lessons From the Saudi Arabia Experience.", "journal": "JCO Glob Oncol", "authors": ["Jazieh, Abdul-Rahman", "Al Hadab, Abdulrahman", "Al Olayan, Ashwaq", "AlHejazi, Ayman", "Al Safi, Faisal", "Al Qarni, Abullah", "Farooqui, Faisal", "Al Mutairi, Nashmia", "Alenazi, Thamer H"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216653", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Outbreaks of infectious etiology, particularly those caused by a novel virus that has no known treatment or vaccine, may result in the interruption of medical care provided to patients with cancer and put them at risk for undertreatment in addition to the risk of being exposed to infection, a life-threatening event among patients with cancer. This article describes the approach used to manage patients with cancer during a large-scale Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus hospital outbreak in Saudi Arabia to ensure continuity of care and minimize harm from treatment interruption or acquiring infection. The approach taken toward managing this high-risk situation (COVID-19) could be easily adopted by health care organizations and would be helpful to ensure readiness for the occurrence of future outbreaks of different infectious etiologies like those recent episodes of new coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32304466, "title": "FECAL-ORAL TRANSMISSION OF SARS-COV-2 IN CHILDREN: IS IT TIME TO CHANGE OUR APPROACH?", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Dona, Daniele", "Minotti, Chiara", "Costenaro, Paola", "Da Dalt, Liviana", "Giaquinto, Carlo"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304466", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Starting from 2 pediatric cases of COVID-19, with confirmation at nasopharyngeal and rectal swabs, we considered the lesson learnt from previous Coronavirus epidemics and reviewed evidence on the current outbreak. Surveillance with rectal swabs might be extended to infants and children, for the implications for household contacts and isolation timing."}, {"pmid": 32401064, "title": "CRISPR-cas systems based molecular diagnostic tool for infectious diseases and emerging 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia.", "journal": "J Drug Target", "authors": ["Xiang, Xiaohong", "Qian, Keli", "Zhang, Zhen", "Lin, Fengyun", "Xie, Yang", "Liu, Yang", "Yang, Zongfa"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401064", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging infectious diseases, the persistent potential for destabilising pandemics, remain a global threat leading to excessive morbidity and mortality. The current outbreak of pneumonia caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) illustrated difficulties in lack of effective drugs for treatment. Accurate and rapid diagnostic tools are essential for early recognition and treatment of infectious diseases, allowing timely implementation of infection control, improved clinical care and other public health measures to stop the spread of the disease. CRISPR-Cas technology speed up the development of infectious disease diagnostics with high rapid and accurate. In this review, we summarise current advance regarding diverse CRISPR-Cas systems, including CRISPR-Cas9, CRISPR-Cas12 and CRISPR-Cas13, in the development of fast, accurate and portable diagnostic tests and highlight the potential of CRISPR-Cas13 in COVID-19 Pneumonia and other emerging infectious diseases diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32361099, "pmcid": "PMC7194943", "title": "The possible beneficial adjuvant effect of influenza vaccine to minimize the severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Salem, Mohamed Labib", "El-Hennawy, Dina"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361099", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360733, "pmcid": "PMC7192081", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Neurosurgery: Literature and Neurosurgical Societies Recommendations Update.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Germano, Antonino", "Raffa, Giovanni", "Angileri, Filippo Flavio", "Cardali, Salvatore Massimiliano", "Tomasello, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360733", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since January 2020, when the pathogen causing the coronavirus disease was identified in humans, the literature on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has grown exponentially to more than 4000 publications. There is the need to provide an update for each single medical discipline, including neurosurgery, to be used by single professionals or to be distributed through the neurosurgical community and to be used by governments in designing new scenario of care. A review of the MEDLINE database was performed on April 13, 2020. Search terms included \"COVID-19,\" \"neurosurgery,\" and \"surgery.\" A review of documents published on the webpage of the WFNS (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies) and of the 5 continental associations of neurosurgical societies, AANS (American Association of Neurological Surgeons), AASNS (Asian Australasian Society of Neurological Surgeons), CAANS (Continental Association of African Neurosurgical Societies), EANS (European Association of Neurosurgical Societies), and FLANC (Latin American Federation of Neurosurgical Societies), representing the 119 national neurosurgical societies around the world, was performed. The literature search yielded 38 results that were manually reviewed. Fourteen manuscripts were considered eligible. They described suggestions and considerations to optimize care of neurosurgical patients, editorials on operational models, perspectives from neurosurgical departments, letters to the editor describing experiences on how to help medical staff to be prepared in advance for pandemic situations, and descriptions of regional or departmental models and/or organizational schemes. The webpages of the searched societies reported a total of 57 documents. The neurosurgical scientific community has promptly reacted to the COVID-19 outbreak by producing a growing number of documents that could serve as guidance for neurosurgeons all over the world. Neurosurgical societies will represent the key institutions for guiding the neurosurgical community to overcome the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32313159, "title": "Will antibody tests for the coronavirus really change everything?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313159", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440566, "pmcid": "PMC7235503", "title": "Employing drug delivery strategies to create safe and effective pharmaceuticals for COVID-19.", "journal": "Bioeng Transl Med", "authors": ["McHugh, Kevin J"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440566", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291632, "pmcid": "PMC7155950", "title": "Social distancing: implications for the operating room in the face of COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Prin, Meghan", "Bartels, Karsten"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291632", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32010938, "pmcid": "PMC7107561", "title": "Travellers give wings to novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Wilson, Mary E", "Chen, Lin H"], "date": "2020-02-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32010938", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425152, "title": "Medicines for the Treatment Of COVID-19: Awaiting the Evidence.", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Marto, Natalia", "Monteiro, Emilia C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425152", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the cause of Coronavirus Disease 2019, a new illness with no effective\u00a0treatment or vaccine that has reached pandemic proportions. In this document, we analyze how health authorities and agencies around\u00a0the world position themselves regarding the off-label use of repurposed drugs or new investigational drugs to treat Coronavirus Disease\u00a02019. We review the most promising candidate medicines, including available evidence, clinical recommendations and current options\u00a0for access. Our concluding remarks stress the importance of administering off-label and investigational drugs in the setting of clinical\u00a0trials, or at least in standardized scenarios, to generate as much scientific knowledge as achievable while engaging in the best efforts\u00a0to treat patients and save lives."}, {"pmid": 32415860, "title": "Liver Biochemistries in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Hepatology", "authors": ["Bloom, Patricia P", "Meyerowitz, Eric A", "Reinus, Zoe", "Daidone, Michael", "Gustafson, Jenna", "Kim, Arthur Y", "Schaefer, Esperance", "Chung, Raymond T"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415860", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) leads to elevated liver biochemistries in approximately half of patients on presentation. To date, data are limited regarding the trend of liver biochemistries over the course of illness. We aimed to evaluate the trend, etiology, and outcomes associated with liver biochemistries in COVID-19. A total of 60 patients with COVID-19 were admitted between March 21 and March 28, 2020. Mean age was 57 years, 65% were male and 28% were Hispanic. At study conclusion, 6 patients were deceased, 28 discharged, and 26 remained admitted. Patients who remained admitted were followed for median 12 days. Of 60 patients, 41 (69%) had at least one abnormal liver biochemistry on admission. Median aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was higher than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at admission (46 vs. 30 U/L) and during the hospital course. Aminotransferases rose above normal in 54 (93%) patients, while alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin elevations were rare. Ten (17%) patients developed aminotransferases more than 5 times the upper limit of normal. AST highly correlated with ALT throughout the illness course (r = 0.97; P < 0.0001), whereas correlations with markers of muscle injury and inflammation were weak. Statin use was common prior to (40%) and during admission (80%) at our center, with no difference in peak liver biochemistries between users and non-users. No demographic or comorbid illness was associated with liver injury. Admission AST (69 vs. 49; P < 0.05), peak AST (364 vs. 77; P = 0.003), and peak ALT (220 vs. 52; P = 0.002) were higher in intubated patients. Conclusion: AST-dominant aminotransferase elevation is common in COVID-19, mirrors disease severity, and appears to reflect true hepatic injury."}, {"pmid": 32417380, "pmcid": "PMC7224667", "title": "Coronavirus Disease-2019 in Heart Transplant Recipients in Southeastern Michigan: A Case Series.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Ketcham, Scott W", "Adie, Sarah K", "Malliett, Ashley", "Abdul-Aziz, Ahmad A", "Bitar, Abbas", "Grafton, Gillian", "Konerman, Matthew C"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417380", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the number of cases has risen exponentially. Clinical characteristics and outcomes among patients with orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) with COVID-19 remain poorly described. We performed a retrospective case series of patients with OHT with COVID-19 admitted to 1 of 2 hospitals in Southeastern Michigan between March 21 and April 22, 2020. Clinical data were obtained through review of the electronic medical record. Final date of follow-up was May 7, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiologic, treatment, and mortality data were collected and analyzed. We identified 13 patients with OHT admitted with COVID-19. The mean age of patients was 61 \u00b1 12 years, 100% were black males, and symptoms began 6 \u00b1 4 days before admission. The most common symptoms included subjective fever (92%), shortness of breath (85%), and cough (77%). Six patients (46%) required admission to the intensive care unit. Two patients (15%) died during hospitalization. Black men may be at increased risk for COVID-19 among patients with OHT. Presenting signs and symptoms in this cohort are similar to those in the general population. Elevated inflammatory markers on presentation appear to be associated with more severe illness."}, {"pmid": 32515992, "title": "Challenges for Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol", "authors": ["Aman, Michael G", "Pearson, Deborah A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515992", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372754, "pmcid": "PMC7201949", "title": "Early experience of an infectious and tropical diseases unit during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Florence, Italy, February to March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Lagi, Filippo", "Piccica, Matteo", "Graziani, Lucia", "Vellere, Iacopo", "Botta, Annarita", "Tilli, Marta", "Ottino, Letizia", "Borchi, Beatrice", "Pozzi, Marco", "Bartalesi, Filippo", "Mencarini, Jessica", "Spinicci, Michele", "Zammarchi, Lorenzo", "Pieralli, Filippo", "Zagli, Giovanni", "Nozzoli, Carlo", "Romagnoli, Stefano", "Bartoloni, Alessandro", "The Cocora Working Group"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372754", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analysed the first 84 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients hospitalised in an infectious and tropical disease unit in Florence, Italy, over 30 days after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. A 12% reduction in the rate of intensive care unit transfer was observed after the implementation of intensity care measures in the regular ward such as increasing the nurse/patient ratio, presence of critical care physicians and using high flow nasal cannulae oxygenation."}, {"pmid": 32183901, "pmcid": "PMC7079521", "title": "Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review.", "journal": "Infect Dis Poverty", "authors": ["Adhikari, Sasmita Poudel", "Meng, Sha", "Wu, Yu-Ju", "Mao, Yu-Ping", "Ye, Rui-Xue", "Wang, Qing-Zhi", "Sun, Chang", "Sylvia, Sean", "Rozelle, Scott", "Raat, Hein", "Zhou, Huan"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183901", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China beginning in December 2019. As of 31 January 2020, this epidemic had spread to 19 countries with 11\u2009791 confirmed cases, including 213 deaths. The World Health Organization has declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. A scoping review was conducted following the methodological framework suggested by Arksey and O'Malley. In this scoping review, 65 research articles published before 31 January 2020 were analyzed and discussed to better understand the epidemiology, causes, clinical diagnosis, prevention and control of this virus. The research domains, dates of publication, journal language, authors' affiliations, and methodological characteristics were included in the analysis. All the findings and statements in this review regarding the outbreak are based on published information as listed in the references. Most of the publications were written using the English language (89.2%). The largest proportion of published articles were related to causes (38.5%) and a majority (67.7%) were published by Chinese scholars. Research articles initially focused on causes, but over time there was an increase of the articles related to prevention and control. Studies thus far have shown that the virus' origination is in connection to a seafood market in Wuhan, but specific animal associations have not been confirmed. Reported symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, pneumonia, headache, diarrhea, hemoptysis, and dyspnea. Preventive measures such as masks, hand hygiene practices, avoidance of public contact, case detection, contact tracing, and quarantines have been discussed as ways to reduce transmission. To date, no specific antiviral treatment has proven effective; hence, infected people primarily rely on symptomatic treatment and supportive care. There has been a rapid surge in research in response to the outbreak of COVID-19. During this early period, published research primarily explored the epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, as well as prevention and control of the novel coronavirus. Although these studies are relevant to control the current public emergency, more high-quality research is needed to provide valid and reliable ways to manage this kind of public health emergency in both the short- and long-term."}, {"pmid": 32474576, "title": "Dose Optimization of Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: Do Blood Concentrations Matter?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ippolito, Matthew M", "Flexner, Charles"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474576", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346775, "pmcid": "PMC7187664", "title": "Osteoporosis in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Osteoporos Int", "authors": ["Girgis, C M", "Clifton-Bligh, R J"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346775", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world grapples with the crisis of COVID-19, established economies and healthcare systems have been brought to their knees. Tough decisions regarding redirection of resources away from the management of conditions deemed \"nonessential\" are being made. How can we balance urgent resourcing of our acute crisis while not abandoning the real need of patients with osteoporosis? This article offers a few practical solutions."}, {"pmid": 32156675, "title": "Covid-19: Portugal closes all medical schools after 31 cases confirmed in the country.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156675", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291136, "pmcid": "PMC7151404", "title": "Take proactive measures for the pandemic COVID-19 infection in the dialysis facilities.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Lee, Jia-Jung", "Lin, Chun-Yu", "Chiu, Yi-Wen", "Hwang, Shang-Jyh"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291136", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376163, "pmcid": "PMC7195093", "title": "The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Electively Scheduled Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Patients in the United States.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Brown, Timothy S", "Bedard, Nicholas A", "Rojas, Edward O", "Anthony, Christopher A", "Schwarzkopf, Ran", "Barnes, C Lowry", "Stambough, Jeffrey B", "Mears, Simon C", "Edwards, Paul K", "Nandi, Sumon", "Prieto, Hernan A", "Parvizi, Javad"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376163", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals in the United States were recommended to stop performing elective procedures. This stoppage has led to the cancellation of a large number of hip and knee arthroplasties. The effect of this on patients' physical mental and economic health is unknown. A survey was developed by the AAHKS Research Committee to assess pain, anxiety, physical function, and economic ability of patients to undergo a delayed operation. Six institutions conducted the survey to 360 patients who had to have elective hip and knee arthroplasty cancelled between March and July of 2020. Patients were most anxious about the uncertainty of when their operation could be rescheduled. Although 85% of patients understood and agreed with the public health measures to curb infections, almost 90% of patients plan to reschedule as soon as possible. Age and geographic region of the patients affected their anxiety. Younger patients were more likely to have financial concerns and concerns about job security. Patients in the Northeast were more concerned about catching COVID-19 during a future hospitalization. Patients suffering from the pain of hip and knee arthritis continue to struggle with pain from their end-stage disease. They have anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic. Few patients feel they will be limited financially and 90% want to have surgery as soon as possible. Age and physical location of the patients affect their causes for anxiety around their future surgery."}, {"pmid": 32267981, "pmcid": "PMC7262213", "title": "ISUOG Consensus Statement on rationalization of early-pregnancy care and provision of ultrasonography in context of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Bourne, T", "Kyriacou, C", "Coomarasamy, A", "Al-Memar, M", "Leonardi, M", "Kirk, E", "Landolfo, C", "Blanchette-Porter, M", "Small, R", "Condous, G", "Timmerman, D"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267981", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460415, "title": "Dysphagia in COVID-19 -multilevel damage to the swallowing network?", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Dziewas, Rainer", "Warnecke, Tobias", "Zurcher, Patrick", "Schefold, Joerg C"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460415", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497794, "pmcid": "PMC7263219", "title": "Social consequences of COVID-19 in a low resource setting in Sierra Leone, West Africa.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Buonsenso, Danilo", "Cinicola, Bianca", "Raffaelli, Francesca", "Sollena, Pietro", "Iodice, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497794", "countries": ["Sierra Leone"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Economical and psychological consequences of the lockdown in low-resource setting in rural Africa are unknown. We drafted a survey in order to address the social impact of COVID-19 lockdown on a rural village in Sierra Leone. The survey developed by the study group and translated in the local language, distributed to the householders of the village on April 13th and responses collected on April 14th, when Sierra Leone was on day 11 of lockdown. The questions aimed to assess in the community the following items: age group, main activities before lockdown, change in income and ability to feed the family during lockdown, anxiety during lockdown. 78 householders (100% of Bureh Town) replied. All, expect one, declared a 51-80% (19.2%) to 81-100% (79.4%) reduction of weekly income compared with the pre-lockdown period, declaring difficulties in providing food for the family members (82%), and anxiety (60%). Our analyses showed that people lost their jobs and have difficulties in providing food for their families."}, {"pmid": 32438729, "title": "Investigation of the Impact of Infrared Sensors on Core Body Temperature Monitoring by Comparing Measurement Sites.", "journal": "Sensors (Basel)", "authors": ["Chen, Hsuan-Yu", "Chen, Andrew", "Chen, Chiachung"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438729", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many types of thermometers have been developed to measure body temperature. Infrared thermometers (IRT) are fast, convenient and ease to use. Two types of infrared thermometers are uses to measure body temperature: tympanic and forehead. With the spread of COVID-19 coronavirus, forehead temperature measurement is used widely to screen people for the illness. The performance of this type of device and the criteria for screening are worth studying. This study evaluated the performance of two types of tympanic infrared thermometers and an industrial infrared thermometer. The results showed that these infrared thermometers provide good precision. A fixed offset between tympanic and forehead temperature were found. The measurement values for wrist temperature show significant offsets with the tympanic temperature and cannot be used to screen fevers. The standard operating procedure (SOP) for the measurement of body temperature using an infrared thermometer was proposed. The suggestion threshold for the forehead temperature is 36 \u00b0C for screening of fever. The body temperature of a person who is possibly ill is then measured using a tympanic infrared thermometer for the purpose of a double check."}, {"pmid": 32336688, "title": "Does a Crying Child Enhance the Risk for COVID-19 Transmission?", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Sivabalan, Somu", "Srinath, M V"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336688", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487231, "pmcid": "PMC7264962", "title": "Severe pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients: a call for increased awareness.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Hekimian, Guillaume", "Lebreton, Guillaume", "Brechot, Nicolas", "Luyt, Charles-Edouard", "Schmidt, Matthieu", "Combes, Alain"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487231", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329796, "title": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Crisis as Catalyst for Telemedicine for Chronic Neurological Disorders.", "journal": "JAMA Neurol", "authors": ["Bloem, Bastiaan R", "Dorsey, E Ray", "Okun, Michael S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329796", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455057, "pmcid": "PMC7241223", "title": "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Workers Regarding the Use of Face Mask to Limit the Spread of the New Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Kumar, Jagdesh", "Katto, Muhammad Soughat", "Siddiqui, Adeel A", "Sahito, Badaruddin", "Jamil, Muhammad", "Rasheed, Nusrat", "Ali, Maratib"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455057", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction Many countries including Pakistan are currently using face masks in their pandemic control plans. Being highly prevalent, the correct use of these masks is particularly important, as an incorrect use and disposal may actually increase the rate of transmission. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of healthcare workers (HCWs) in wearing a surgical face mask to limit the spread of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods This survey was conducted by interviewing HCWs using a questionnaire consisting of the basic demographic characteristics, and the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding the use of surgical face mask to limit the new COVID-19 exposure. Each correct answer was scored 1 and each incorrect answer scored 0. The total number of questions was 16, and the final score was calculated and then labeled according to the percentage (out of 16) of correct responses as good (>80%), moderate (60-80%), and poor (<60%). Results A total of 392 participants with a mean age of 42.37 \u00b1 13.34 years (341 males and 51 females) were included in the study. The overall final results were good in 138 (35.2%), moderate in 178 (45.4%), and poor in 76 (19.3%). Around 43.6% of participants knew about the correct method of wearing the masks, 68.9% knew that there are three layers, 53% stated that the middle layer act as a filter media barrier, and 75.5% knew the recommended maximum duration of wearing it. The majority (88.2%) of participants knew that a cloth face mask is not much effective, around 79.8% knew that used face mask cannot be re-used, and 44.8% knew about the yellow-coded bag for disposal. Conclusions Knowledge, attitude, and practice of HCWs regarding the use of face masks were found to be inadequate. Studied HCWs had a positive attitude but moderate-to-poor level of knowledge and practice regarding the use of face mask. HCWs and general public awareness campaigns regarding the proper use of face mask by utilizing all social media available resources would be helpful during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32352401, "title": "Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Early report from the United States.", "journal": "Diagnosis (Berl)", "authors": ["Aggarwal, Saurabh", "Garcia-Telles, Nelson", "Aggarwal, Gaurav", "Lavie, Carl", "Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352401", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), is an ongoing pandemic that has already affected millions of patients worldwide, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality burden. Although the clinical and laboratory characteristics of this illness have been reported in patients from China and Europe, data are scant in the United States. Methods We extracted data regarding all patients hospitalized at our hospital with COVID-19 infection between March 1 and April 4, 2020. Presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory and imaging findings, treatment, and complications were recorded from electronic medical records (EMRs). The primary composite endpoint was admission to intensive care unit (ICU), shock, or death. Results We had a total of 43 patients tested for COVID-19 at the emergency room (ER) or during hospitalization, 16 (37%) of whom were admitted with COVID-19 infection. The mean age was 65.5 years and 75% were males. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (94%), cough (88%), and dyspnea (81%). A loss of smell and taste sensations were reported by three (19%) patients. Low oxygen saturation was present in 38% of patients, whilst 31% were hypotensive on admission. Hyponatremia (50%), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP; 100%), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; 80%) were common. Acute renal failure, myocardial injury, and elevation in aminotransferases occurred in 69%, 19%, and 38% patients, respectively. The primary composite endpoint occurred in 50% of patients. A total of three patients died; all were aged 70 years or older. Conclusions Laboratory abnormalities and acute renal failure were common in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV2 infection in our center. Admission to ICU and mechanical ventilation were common."}, {"pmid": 32389583, "pmcid": "PMC7206423", "title": "Neurosurgical Practice at the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Grasso, Giovanni", "Munakomi, Sunil"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389583", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420961, "title": "Report of a series of healthy term newborns from convalescent mothers with COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Perrone, Serafina", "Deolmi, Michela", "Giordano, Maurizio", "D'Alvano, Tiziana", "Gambini, Lucia", "Corradi, Mara", "Frusca, Tiziana", "Ghi, Tullio", "Esposito, Susanna"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420961", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmittable virus associated with a significantly increased risk of complications among the infected population. Few data are available for the outcome of pregnancy complicated by serious respiratory disease due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We herein report a series of four neonates whose mothers had recovered from new coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) diagnosed in the third trimester of pregnancy. pregnant women with documented COVID-19 infection during their pregnancy, who gave birth in Parma Hospital, University of Parma, Italy, in March and April 2020, during the peak of incidence of COVID-19 in Italy. Clinical records and laboratory tests were retrospectively reviewed. All neonates were delivered at term in good conditions without congenital COVID-19 infection. Findings from our series of cases indicated that adverse effects on foetuses from pregnancies complicated by COVID-19 infection in late pregnancy are unlikely."}, {"pmid": 32215977, "pmcid": "PMC7161842", "title": "Senior Medical Students in the COVID-19 Response: An Opportunity to Be Proactive.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Stokes, Daniel C"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215977", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458805, "pmcid": "PMC7190292", "title": "Promoting healthy movement behaviours among children during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Guan, Hongyan", "Okely, Anthony D", "Aguilar-Farias, Nicolas", "Del Pozo Cruz, Borja", "Draper, Catherine E", "El Hamdouchi, Asmaa", "Florindo, Alex A", "Jauregui, Alejandra", "Katzmarzyk, Peter T", "Kontsevaya, Anna", "Lof, Marie", "Park, Wonsoon", "Reilly, John J", "Sharma, Deepika", "Tremblay, Mark S", "Veldman, Sanne L C"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458805", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515376, "title": "The genetic landscape of COVID-19: A South Asian perspective.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Thomas, Vineeth", "Audsley, Jennifer", "Kapoor, Nitin"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515376", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has taken the world by storm in the ongoing pandemic. The virus responsible for COVID-19 disease is 'severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2' SARS-CoV-2, an enveloped RNA beta-coronavirus from the family Coronaviridae. There have been similar beta-coronavirus disease outbreaks previously: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS - 2002) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS - 2012) epidemics. SARS-CoV-2 origins have been traced to bat reservoirs. A virus with a high capacity for mutation, SARS-CoV-2 poses unique challenges both in the current form of disease control and management, while also leaving the door open for future novel diseases and pandemics. An understanding of the virion structure and genomic organisation will help us in understanding their origins and likely course of future evolution. Moreover, novel cost-effective methodologies for genetic surveillance may help in mitigating the emergence of these viral infections in future. In this manuscript, the authors have detailed the unique aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus genome and its clinical implications."}, {"pmid": 32487515, "title": "Covid-19: Easing lockdown could risk second spike, say public health doctors.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Dowd, Adrian"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487515", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276116, "pmcid": "PMC7144850", "title": "Rapid and visual detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Yan, C", "Cui, J", "Huang, L", "Du, B", "Chen, L", "Xue, G", "Li, S", "Zhang, W", "Zhao, L", "Sun, Y", "Yao, H", "Li, N", "Zhao, H", "Feng, Y", "Liu, S", "Zhang, Q", "Liu, D", "Yuan, J"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276116", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and compare it with RT-PCR. We designed primers specific to the orf1ab and S genes of SARS-CoV-2. Total viral RNA was extracted using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit. We optimized the RT-LAMP assay, and evaluated it for its sensitivity and specificity of detection using real-time turbidity monitoring and visual observation. The primer sets orf1ab-4 and S-123 amplified the genes in the shortest times, the mean (\u00b1SD) times were 18\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.32\u00a0min and 20\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.80\u00a0min, respectively, and 63\u00b0C was the optimum reaction temperature. The sensitivities were 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0101 copies and 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0102 copies per reaction with primer sets orf1ab-4 and S-123, respectively. This assay showed no cross-reactivity with 60 other respiratory pathogens. To describe the availability of this method in clinical diagnosis, we collected 130 specimens from patients with clinically suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among them, 58 were confirmed to be positive and 72 were negative by RT-LAMP. The sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 92.3%-100%), specificity 100% (95% CI 93.7%-100%). This assay detected SARS-CoV-2 in a mean (\u00b1SD) time of 26.28\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.48\u00a0min and the results can be identified with visual observation. These results demonstrate that we developed a rapid, simple, specific and sensitive RT-LAMP assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection among clinical samples. It will be a powerful tool for SARS-CoV-2 identification, and for monitoring suspected patients, close contacts and high-risk groups."}, {"pmid": 32353254, "pmcid": "PMC7185930", "title": "Management of patients with multiple myeloma during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Malard, Florent", "Mohty, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353254", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505067, "pmcid": "PMC7261065", "title": "Could autism spectrum disorders be a risk factor for COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Lima, Matheus Eugenio de Sousa", "Barros, Levi Coelho Maia", "Aragao, Gislei Frota"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505067", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemia is infecting millions of people and some studies relate conditions that might increase the risk of developing a fatal course for the disease, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and obesity. In COVID-19 physiopathology, one of the main inflammation mechanisms is the \"cytokine storm\", causing a pro-inflammatory state, related to cardiac and pulmonary damage. There is also a less effective role of lymphocyte B and T in the humoral immunity due to the reduction of their proliferative response. The physiopathology of ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) involves several modifications at the genetic and at the immune level, such as the increase of inflammatory cytokines and abnormal immune response in several levels. We hypothesize that ASD could be a risk-factor as the other conditions are."}, {"pmid": 32327325, "pmcid": "PMC7151444", "title": "Re: \"Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncological surgery during the COVID-19 epidemic\".", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Pessaux, P"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327325", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233561, "title": "Effects of media reporting on mitigating spread of COVID-19 in the early phase of the outbreak.", "journal": "Math Biosci Eng", "authors": ["Zhou, Wei Ke", "Wang, Ai Li", "Xia, Fan", "Xiao, Yan Ni", "Tang, San Yi"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233561", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is running rampantly in China and is swiftly spreading to other countries in the world, which causes a great concern on the global public health. The absence of specific therapeutic treatment or effective vaccine against COVID-19 call for other avenues of the prevention and control measures. Media reporting is thought to be effective to curb the spreading of an emergency disease in the early stage. Cross-correlation analysis based on our collected data demonstrated a strong correlation between media data and the infection case data. Thus we proposed a deterministic dynamical model to examine the interaction of the disease progression and the media reports and to investigate the effectiveness of media reporting on mitigating the spread of COVID-19. The basic reproduction number was estimated as 5.3167 through parameterization of the model with the number of cumulative confirmed cases, the number of cumulative deaths and the daily number of media items. Sensitivity analysis suggested that, during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak, enhancing the response rate of the media reporting to the severity of COVID-19, and enhancing the response rate of the public awareness to the media reports, both can bring forward the peak time and reduce the peak size of the infection significantly. These findings suggested that besides improving the medical levels, media coverage can be considered as an effective way to mitigate the disease spreading during the initial stage of an outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32364764, "title": "Data Quarantine in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Shah, Rashmee U", "Curtis, Lesley H"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311836, "pmcid": "PMC7264613", "title": "Experiences of Patients With Rheumatic Diseases in the United States During Early Days of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "ACR Open Rheumatol", "authors": ["Michaud, Kaleb", "Wipfler, Kristin", "Shaw, Yomei", "Simon, Teresa A", "Cornish, Adam", "England, Bryant R", "Ogdie, Alexis", "Katz, Patricia"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311836", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and lupus have increased risk of infection and are treated with medications that may increase this risk yet are also hypothesized to help treat COVID-19. We set out to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of these patients in the United States. Participants in a US-wide longitudinal observational registry responded to a supplemental COVID-19 questionnaire by e-mail on March 25, 2020, about their symptoms, COVID-19 testing, health care changes, and related experiences during the prior 2 weeks. Analysis compared responses by diagnosis, disease activity, and new onset of symptoms. Qualitative analysis was conducted on optional free-text comment fields. Of the 7061 participants invited to participate, 530 responded, with RA as the most frequent diagnosis (61%). Eleven participants met COVID-19 screening criteria, of whom two sought testing unsuccessfully. Six others sought testing, three of whom were successful, and all test results were negative. Not quite half of participants (42%) reported a change to their care in the prior 2 weeks. Qualitative analysis revealed four key themes: emotions in response to the pandemic, perceptions of risks from immunosuppressive medications, protective measures to reduce risk of COVID-19 infection, and disruptions in accessing rheumatic disease medications, including hydroxychloroquine. After 2 weeks, many participants with rheumatic diseases already had important changes to their health care, with many altering medications without professional consultation or because of hydroxychloroquine shortage. As evidence accumulates on the effectiveness of potential COVID-19 treatments, effort is needed to safeguard access to established treatments for rheumatic diseases."}, {"pmid": 32470514, "pmcid": "PMC7250564", "title": "The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 clinical trials.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Bagiella, Emilia", "Bhatt, Deepak L", "Gaudino, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470514", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202064, "pmcid": "PMC7228301", "title": "COVID-19: A global transplant perspective on successfully navigating a pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Kumar, Deepali", "Manuel, Oriol", "Natori, Yoichiro", "Egawa, Hiroto", "Grossi, Paolo", "Han, Sang-Hoon", "Fernandez-Ruiz, Mario", "Humar, Atul"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202064", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly evolved and changed our way of life in an unprecedented manner. The emergence of COVID-19 has impacted transplantation worldwide. The impact has not been just restricted to issues pertaining to donors or recipients, but also health-care resource utilization as the intensity of cases in certain jurisdictions exceeds available capacity. Here we provide a personal viewpoint representing different jurisdictions from around the world in order to outline the impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic on organ transplantation. Based on our collective experience, we discuss mitigation strategies such as donor screening, resource planning, and a staged approach to transplant volume considerations as local resource issues demand. We also discuss issues related to transplant-related research during the pandemic, the role of transplant infectious diseases, and the influence of transplant societies for education and disseminating current information."}, {"pmid": 32480325, "pmcid": "PMC7200338", "title": "We must not forget the most disadvantaged people facing the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Mansuy, J M", "Izopet, J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480325", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330277, "title": "Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Borba, Mayla Gabriela Silva", "Val, Fernando Fonseca Almeida", "Sampaio, Vanderson Souza", "Alexandre, Marcia Almeida Araujo", "Melo, Gisely Cardoso", "Brito, Marcelo", "Mourao, Maria Paula Gomes", "Brito-Sousa, Jose Diego", "Baia-da-Silva, Djane", "Guerra, Marcus Vinitius Farias", "Hajjar, Ludhmila Abrahao", "Pinto, Rosemary Costa", "Balieiro, Antonio Alcirley Silva", "Pacheco, Antonio Guilherme Fonseca", "Santos, James Dean Oliveira Jr", "Naveca, Felipe Gomes", "Xavier, Mariana Simao", "Siqueira, Andre Machado", "Schwarzbold, Alexandre", "Croda, Julio", "Nogueira, Mauricio Lacerda", "Romero, Gustavo Adolfo Sierra", "Bassat, Quique", "Fontes, Cor Jesus", "Albuquerque, Bernardino Claudio", "Daniel-Ribeiro, Claudio-Tadeu", "Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo", "Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius Guimaraes"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330277", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is no specific antiviral therapy recommended for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In vitro studies indicate that the antiviral effect of chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) requires a high concentration of the drug. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 CQ dosages in patients with severe COVID-19. This parallel, double-masked, randomized, phase IIb clinical trial with 81 adult patients who were hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was conducted from March 23 to April 5, 2020, at a tertiary care facility in Manaus, Brazilian Amazon. Patients were allocated to receive high-dosage CQ (ie, 600 mg CQ twice daily for 10 days) or low-dosage CQ (ie, 450 mg twice daily on day 1 and once daily for 4 days). Primary outcome was reduction in lethality by at least 50% in the high-dosage group compared with the low-dosage group. Data presented here refer primarily to safety and lethality outcomes during treatment on day 13. Secondary end points included participant clinical status, laboratory examinations, and electrocardiogram results. Outcomes will be presented to day 28. Viral respiratory secretion RNA detection was performed on days 0 and 4. Out of a predefined sample size of 440 patients, 81 were enrolled (41 [50.6%] to high-dosage group and 40 [49.4%] to low-dosage group). Enrolled patients had a mean (SD) age of 51.1 (13.9) years, and most (60 [75.3%]) were men. Older age (mean [SD] age, 54.7 [13.7] years vs 47.4 [13.3] years) and more heart disease (5 of 28 [17.9%] vs 0) were seen in the high-dose group. Viral RNA was detected in 31 of 40 (77.5%) and 31 of 41 (75.6%) patients in the low-dosage and high-dosage groups, respectively. Lethality until day 13 was 39.0% in the high-dosage group (16 of 41) and 15.0% in the low-dosage group (6 of 40). The high-dosage group presented more instance of QTc interval greater than 500 milliseconds (7 of 37 [18.9%]) compared with the low-dosage group (4 of 36 [11.1%]). Respiratory secretion at day 4 was negative in only 6 of 27 patients (22.2%). The preliminary findings of this study suggest that the higher CQ dosage should not be recommended for critically ill patients with COVID-19 because of its potential safety hazards, especially when taken concurrently with azithromycin and oseltamivir. These findings cannot be extrapolated to patients with nonsevere COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04323527."}, {"pmid": 32308941, "pmcid": "PMC7149807", "title": "Frequency of diarrhea in novel coronavirus 2019 infection.", "journal": "Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench", "authors": ["Mungmunpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308941", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383758, "pmcid": "PMC7239191", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 expression in the human heart: cause of a post-pandemic wave of heart failure?", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Thum, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383758", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529094, "pmcid": "PMC7270632", "title": "Smoking behavior and psychological dynamics during COVID-19 social distancing and stay-at-home policies: A survey.", "journal": "Health Psychol Res", "authors": ["Caponnetto, Pasquale", "Inguscio, Lucio", "Saitta, Claudio", "Maglia, Marilena", "Benfatto, Francesca", "Polosa, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529094", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, about 60 million of Italians stayed at home. These circumstances may generate exceptional challenges and stress for people who regularly use cigarettes, ecigarettes, heated tobacco products, dual users, former smokers and never smokers. Here, we present results from a study that was aimed at surveying smoking behaviour and psychological dynamics during the Italian COVID-19 social distancing and stay-at-home policies. Participants living in Italy were invited to complete an online brief questionnaire. A questionnaire was prepared and uploaded in an online survey tool. They were asked to participate regardless of their current smoking status and were divided in seven subgroups. In total, 1825 participants were included in the analysis. Exclusive cigarette smokers; Dual users of cigarette and ecigarettes; Dual users of cigarette and heated tobacco products; Former smokers; Exclusive users of e-cigarette; Exclusive users of heated tobacco products; never smoker. Dual users of cigarette and e-cigarette and exclusive cigarette smokers perceived that their daily consumption has slightly decreased. Exclusive cigarette smokers and exclusive e-cigarette users changed the way of purchasing products. Most exclusive cigarette smokers have considered quitting but most exclusive e-cigarette users have not considered stopping the use of e-cigarettes. In former smokers' group, about one third of participants declared thoughts about starting to smoke again and in never smokers' group few participants declared intention to start smoking. The COVID-19 era could be considered a \"transition\" phase and as such requires a search for a new balance. These changes in everyday habits can be a significant moment to use established and emerging strategies to create a definitive smoke-free world."}, {"pmid": 32223477, "title": "Pregnant women in the exposure to COVID-19 infection outbreak: the unseen risk factors and preventive healthcare patterns.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Mirzadeh, Monirsadat", "Khedmat, Leila"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223477", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364041, "pmcid": "PMC7232881", "title": "Using integrated computational approaches to identify safe and rapid treatment for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Al-Khafaji, Khattab", "Al-Duhaidahawi, Dunya", "Taskin Tok, Tugba"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364041", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a new generation of coronavirus, which was first determined in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. So far, however, there no effective treatment has been found to stop this new generation of coronavirus but discovering of the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) may facilitate searching for new therapies for SARS-COV-2. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of available FDA approved drugs which can construct a covalent bond with Cys145 inside binding site SARS-CoV-2 main protease by using covalent docking screening. We conducted the covdock module MMGBSA module in the Schrodinger suite 2020-1, to examine the covalent bonding utilizing. Besides, we submitted the top three drugs to molecular dynamics simulations via Gromacs 2018.1. The covalent docking showed that saquinavir, ritonavir, remdesivir, delavirdine, cefuroxime axetil, oseltamivir and prevacid have the highest binding energies MMGBSA of -72.17, -72.02, -65.19, -57.65, -54.25, -51.8, and -51.14 kcal/mol, respectively. The 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation was conducted for saquinavir, ritonavir and remdesivir to evaluate the stability of these drugs inside the binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. The current study provides a powerful in silico results, means for rapid screening of drugs as anti-protease medications and recommend that the above-mentioned drugs can be used in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in combined or sole therapy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32414182, "title": "Unrealistic Optimism in the Time of Coronavirus Pandemic: May It Help to Kill, If So-Whom: Disease or the Person?", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Dolinski, Dariusz", "Dolinska, Barbara", "Zmaczynska-Witek, Barbara", "Banach, Maciej", "Kulesza, Wojciech"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414182", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: The results of numerous empirical studies have showed the occurrence of so-called unrealistic optimism. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether in the situation of an imminent coronavirus pandemic, people would still perceive themselves as being less exposed to the disease than others. Methods: Survey studies were conducted to examine the level of unrealistic optimism. Participants (n = 171, 67.3% of women) in a subjective way judged the risk of their coronavirus infection and the likelihood that this would happen to an average student of the same sex from their class. The survey was conducted in three waves: prior to the announcement of the first case of coronavirus (2-3 March), immediately after that announcement (5-6 March), and a few days later (9-10 March). Results: We showed that women estimated the chances of being infected as significantly higher (M = 4.52, SD = 2.079; t = 2.387; p = 0.018; Cohen's d = 0.393) than men (M = 3.71, SD = 2.042). The phenomenon of unrealistic optimism was observed especially in men (as compared to other male participants) as it appeared in all three measures (M (you) = 3.95 vs. M (other male student) = 4.63; M = 3.71 vs. M = 4.68, and M = 4.46 vs. M = 5.38 in phase one, two, and three, respectively; p 0.006 for all comparison), but also in women in the last two measures (M(you) = 4.55 vs. M (other female student) = 4.95, and M = 4.99 vs. M = 5.38 in phase 2 and 3, respectively; p 0.012 for both comparisons). Conclusions: The study revealed a fairly general occurrence of unrealistic optimism, which was mainly observed in men as it appeared in all three measures, but also in women in the last two measures. This result is important for health experts who are responsible for making people comply with regulations concerning social distancing, putting masks on to stop infection, and staying at home. It is possible that unrealistically optimistic people will behave much less in line with the aforementioned recommendations, causing coronavirus to spread widely."}, {"pmid": 32400381, "title": "[De forste kliniske data fra RASi-behandlede indlagte patienter med COVID-19 kommer nu, og vi skal ikke aendre medicinering].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Madsen, Per Lav"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400381", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278730, "pmcid": "PMC7144606", "title": "Ongoing Lessons During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Ong, Chong Yau"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278730", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460550, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic Revealed the Importance and Shortcomings of Technologies for Diabetes Support.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Arsand, Eirik"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460550", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309403, "pmcid": "PMC7154410", "title": "CT imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): from the qualitative to quantitative.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Qi, Xiaolong", "Lei, Junqiang", "Yu, Qian", "Xi, Yarong", "Wang, Yuancheng", "Ju, Shenghong"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309403", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471855, "title": "Rapid mobilisation of research in response to covid-19: a paradigm for the future.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["James, Martin", "Ford, Gary A", "Robinson, Thompson", "Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471855", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473660, "pmcid": "PMC7255722", "title": "COVID-19 and the difficulty of inferring epidemiological parameters from clinical data - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Verity, Robert", "Okell, Lucy", "Dorigatti, Ilaria", "Winskill, Peter", "Whittaker, Charlie", "Walker, Patrick", "Donnelly, Christl", "Ferguson, Neil", "Ghani, Azra"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473660", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494856, "pmcid": "PMC7268971", "title": "COVID-19 in teriflunomide-treated patients with multiple sclerosis.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Maghzi, Amir Hadi", "Houtchens, Maria K", "Preziosa, Paolo", "Ionete, Carolina", "Beretich, Biljana D", "Stankiewicz, James M", "Tauhid, Shahamat", "Cabot, Ann", "Berriosmorales, Idanis", "Schwartz, Tamara H W", "Sloane, Jacob A", "Freedman, Mark S", "Filippi, Massimo", "Weiner, Howard L", "Bakshi, Rohit"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494856", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19), has raised health concerns for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who are commonly on long-term immunotherapies. Managing MS during the pandemic remains challenging with little published experience and no evidence-based guidelines. We present five teriflunomide-treated patients with MS who subsequently developed active COVID-19 infection. The patients continued teriflunomide therapy and had self-limiting infection, without relapse of their MS. These observations have implications for the management of MS in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32395069, "pmcid": "PMC7210795", "title": "Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in two Pakistani university populations.", "journal": "Drugs Ther Perspect", "authors": ["Salman, Muhammad", "Mustafa, Zia Ul", "Asif, Noman", "Zaidi, Haider Abbas", "Hussain, Khalid", "Shehzadi, Naureen", "Khan, Tahir Mehmood", "Saleem, Zikria"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395069", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices of two Pakistani university populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students and employees of two higher\u00a0education institutions in Lahore, Pakistan, namely the University of Lahore and the Gulab Devi Educational Complex. Participants were recruited using a convenient sampling method. A validated 45-item, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Total possible scores were 0-14 for knowledge (scores\u2009<\u20097, 7-10 and\u2009>\u200910 were considered to indicate poor, moderate and good knowledge, respectively); 0-7 for attitude (scores\u2009>\u20095 were considered to indicate a good attitude); and 0-18 for COVID-19 preventative practices (scores\u2009>\u200912 were considered to indicate good preventative practices). Of the 417 enrolled participants, 416 reported that they were aware of COVID-19 and social media was the major source of their information. Mean scores were 10.12\u2009\u00b1\u20092.20 for knowledge (good, moderate and poor knowledge in 50.2%, 42.8% and 7.0% of participants, respectively); 5.74\u2009\u00b1\u20091.28 for attitude (65.4% of individuals had a positive attitude); and 11.04\u2009\u00b1\u20093.34 for COVID-19 preventative practices (only 36.5% of participants had good preventive practices). Pakistani university students and employees have good knowledge and attitudes regarding COVID-19, but unsatisfactory preventive practices. Therefore, health regulators should use multiple communication approaches, such as electronic, print and social media, phone messages, etc., to increase awareness and improve practices related to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32449327, "pmcid": "PMC7246185", "title": "What Type of Face Mask Is Appropriate for Everyone-Mask-Wearing Policy amidst COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Mi Na"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449327", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516845, "title": "Elevated level of C-reactive protein may be an early marker to predict risk for severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ali, Nurshad"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516845", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391307, "pmcid": "PMC7190793", "title": "The Perfect Storm: Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemic Meets Overfat Pandemic.", "journal": "Front Public Health", "authors": ["Maffetone, Philip B", "Laursen, Paul B"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391307", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518045, "title": "Severe and fatal forms of COVID-19 in children.", "journal": "Arch Pediatr", "authors": ["Oualha, M", "Bendavid, M", "Berteloot, L", "Corsia, A", "Lesage, F", "Vedrenne, M", "Salvador, E", "Grimaud, M", "Chareyre, J", "de Marcellus, C", "Dupic, L", "de Saint Blanquat, L", "Heilbronner, C", "Drummond, D", "Castelle, M", "Berthaud, R", "Angoulvant, F", "Toubiana, J", "Pinhas, Y", "Frange, P", "Cheron, G", "Fourgeaud, J", "Moulin, F", "Renolleau, S"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518045", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to describe severe forms of novel coronavirus disease 2019 in children, including patient characteristics, clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings, as well as the disease management and outcomes. This was a retrospective, single-center, observational study conducted in a pediatric intensive and high-dependency care unit (PICU, HDU) in an urban hospital in Paris. All patients, aged from 1 month to 18 years, admitted for confirmed or highly suspected SARS-CoV-2 were included. We analyzed the data of 27 children. Comorbidities (n=19, 70%) were mainly neurological (n=7), respiratory, (n=4), or sickle cell disease (n=4). SARS-CoV-2 PCR results were positive in 24 children (nasopharyngeal swabs). The three remaining children had a chest CT scan consistent with COVID-19. Respiratory involvement was observed in 24 patients (89%). Supportive treatments were invasive mechanical ventilation (n=9), catecholamine (n=4), erythropheresis (n=4), renal replacement therapy (n=1), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (n=1). Five children died, of whom three were without past medical history. This study highlighted the large spectrum of clinical presentation and time course of disease progression as well as the non-negligible occurrence of pediatric life-threatening and fatal cases of COVID-19 mostly in patients with comorbidities. Additional laboratory investigations are needed to further analyze the mechanism underlying the variability of SARS-Cov-2 pathogenicity in children."}, {"pmid": 32486608, "title": "Lung ultrasound for pregnant women admitted to ICU for Covid-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Minerva Anestesiol", "authors": ["Giannini, Alberto", "Mantovani, Alessandro", "Vezzoli, Cesare", "Franchini, Diego", "Finazzi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486608", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32112549, "title": "[Medical diagnosis and treatment strategies for malignant tumors of the digestive system during the outbreak of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Y", "Xu, J M"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112549", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019, the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cancer have been facing great challenges. Although oncologists are not fighting on the front line to against the epidemic, during this special period, we should not only protect patients, their families and medical staff from the infection of novel coronavirus, but also minimize the impact of the epidemic on the diagnosis and the treatment of patients with cancer. Combining the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of tumors with our clinical experience, in this epidemic period, we discuss the strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of malignant tumors of the digestive system in this article."}, {"pmid": 32125452, "pmcid": "PMC7080116", "title": "Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Ruan, Qiurong", "Yang, Kun", "Wang, Wenxia", "Jiang, Lingyu", "Song, Jianxin"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125452", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501151, "title": "Practical Implications of Physical Distancing, Social Isolation, and Reduced Physicality for Older Adults in Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Campbell, Anthony D"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501151", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic involves physical distancing measures which have the potential to lead to increased social isolation among older adults. Implications of social isolation are potentially wide-ranging including poorer health outcomes, disruption of social interactions and routines, reduced meaningful activity, reduced social and emotional support, loneliness, potential for grief, loss, and trauma responses, limited access to resources, and reduced physicality. Social workers must advocate for the value of social relationships and identify creative ways to enhance the social connections of older adults during pandemic responses or other situations that require physical distancing measures."}, {"pmid": 32376422, "pmcid": "PMC7196541", "title": "Cyclosporine therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic is not a reason for concern.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Rudnicka, Lidia", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Glowacka, Paulina", "Sikora, Mariusz", "Sar-Pomian, Marta", "Rakowska, Adriana", "Samochocki, Zbigniew", "Olszewska, Malgorzata"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376422", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243336, "pmcid": "PMC7188094", "title": "ECT in a time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Tor, Phern Chern", "Phu, Adeline H H", "Koh, Doris S H", "Mok, Yee Ming"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336644, "pmcid": "PMC7152887", "title": "Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Diffusion when Performing Minimally Invasive Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Novara, Giacomo", "Giannarini, Gianluca", "De Nunzio, Cosimo", "Porpiglia, Francesco", "Ficarra, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336644", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217556, "pmcid": "PMC7190011", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Chen, Tao", "Wu, Di", "Chen, Huilong", "Yan, Weiming", "Yang, Danlei", "Chen, Guang", "Ma, Ke", "Xu, Dong", "Yu, Haijing", "Wang, Hongwu", "Wang, Tao", "Guo, Wei", "Chen, Jia", "Ding, Chen", "Zhang, Xiaoping", "Huang, Jiaquan", "Han, Meifang", "Li, Shusheng", "Luo, Xiaoping", "Zhao, Jianping", "Ning, Qin"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217556", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To delineate the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) who died. Retrospective case series. Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. Among a cohort of 799 patients, 113 who died and 161 who recovered with a diagnosis of covid-19 were analysed. Data were collected until 28 February 2020. Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings were obtained from electronic medical records with data collection forms. The median age of deceased patients (68 years) was significantly older than recovered patients (51 years). Male sex was more predominant in deceased patients (83; 73%) than in recovered patients (88; 55%). Chronic hypertension and other cardiovascular comorbidities were more frequent among deceased patients (54 (48%) and 16 (14%)) than recovered patients (39 (24%) and 7 (4%)). Dyspnoea, chest tightness, and disorder of consciousness were more common in deceased patients (70 (62%), 55 (49%), and 25 (22%)) than in recovered patients (50 (31%), 48 (30%), and 1 (1%)). The median time from disease onset to death in deceased patients was 16 (interquartile range 12.0-20.0) days. Leukocytosis was present in 56 (50%) patients who died and 6 (4%) who recovered, and lymphopenia was present in 103 (91%) and 76 (47%) respectively. Concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and D-dimer were markedly higher in deceased patients than in recovered patients. Common complications observed more frequently in deceased patients included acute respiratory distress syndrome (113; 100%), type I respiratory failure (18/35; 51%), sepsis (113; 100%), acute cardiac injury (72/94; 77%), heart failure (41/83; 49%), alkalosis (14/35; 40%), hyperkalaemia (42; 37%), acute kidney injury (28; 25%), and hypoxic encephalopathy (23; 20%). Patients with cardiovascular comorbidity were more likely to develop cardiac complications. Regardless of history of cardiovascular disease, acute cardiac injury and heart failure were more common in deceased patients. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can cause both pulmonary and systemic inflammation, leading to multi-organ dysfunction in patients at high risk. Acute respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure, sepsis, acute cardiac injury, and heart failure were the most common critical complications during exacerbation of covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32526372, "title": "Establishing a model for predicting the outcome of COVID-19 based on combination of laboratory tests.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Feng", "Hou, Hongyan", "Wang, Ting", "Luo, Ying", "Tang, Guoxing", "Wu, Shiji", "Zhou, Hongmin", "Sun, Ziyong"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526372", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are currently no satisfactory methods for predicting the outcome of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study is to establish a model for predicting the prognosis of the disease. The laboratory results were collected from 54 deceased COVID-19 patients on admission and before death. Another 54 recovered COVID-19 patients were enrolled as control cases. Many laboratory indicators, such as neutrophils, AST, \u03b3-GT, ALP, LDH, NT-proBNP, Hs-cTnT, PT, APTT, D-dimer, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-\u03b1, CRP, ferritin and procalcitonin, were all significantly increased in deceased patients compared with recovered patients on admission. In contrast, other indicators such as lymphocytes, platelets, total protein and albumin were significantly decreased in deceased patients on admission. Some indicators such as neutrophils and procalcitonin, others such as lymphocytes and platelets, continuously increased or decreased from admission to death in deceased patients respectively. Using these indicators alone had moderate performance in differentiating between recovered and deceased COVID-19 patients. A model based on combination of four indicators (P\u00a0=\u00a01/[1\u00a0+\u00a0e-(-2.658+0.587\u00d7neutrophils - 2.087\u00d7lymphocytes - 0.01\u00d7platelets+0.004\u00d7IL-2R)]) showed good performance in predicting the death of COVID-19 patients. When cutoff value of 0.572 was used, the sensitivity and specificity of the prediction model were 90.74% and 94.44%, respectively. Using the current indicators alone is of modest value in differentiating between recovered and deceased COVID-19 patients. A prediction model based on combination of neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets and IL-2R shows good performance in predicting the outcome of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32493692, "title": "Covid-19: Physical distancing of at least one metre is linked to large reduction in infection.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493692", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467025, "pmcid": "PMC7240259", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on the future of pediatric urology practice. Do guidelines apply to medical practice worldwide?", "journal": "J Pediatr Urol", "authors": ["Fernandez, Nicolas", "Caicedo, Juan Ignacio"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425291, "pmcid": "PMC7227546", "title": "Nutrition in critically ill patients with COVID-19: Challenges and special considerations.", "journal": "Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Arkin, Nicole", "Krishnan, Kumar", "Chang, Marvin G", "Bittner, Edward A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425291", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426653, "pmcid": "PMC7220010", "title": "Early Multi-organ Point-of-Care Ultrasound Evaluation of Respiratory Distress During SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: Case Report.", "journal": "Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med", "authors": ["Farrow, Robert 2nd", "Becherer-Bailey, Graham", "Mantuani, Daniel", "Nagdev, Arun"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426653", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several case series from Italy and China have highlighted the lung ultrasound findings of this disease process and may demonstrate its clinical utility during the current pandemic. We present a case of a COVID-19 patient who presented to the emergency department twice within a 24-hour period with rapidly progressing illness. A multi-organ point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) evaluation was used on the return visit and assisted clinical decision-making. A multi-organ POCUS exam allows for quick assessment of acute dyspnea in the emergency department. As the lung involvement of COVID-19 is primarily a peripheral process it is readily identifiable via lung ultrasound. We believe that when applied efficiently and safely a POCUS exam can reduce clinical uncertainty and potentially limit the use of other imaging modalities when treating patients with COVID-19. This case highlights the utility of an early multiorgan point-of-care assessment for patients presenting with moderate respiratory distress during the severe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32269358, "title": "Potential of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 causes fears of shortages among people with systemic lupus erythematosus.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Jakhar, Deepak", "Kaur, Ishmeet"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269358", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495336, "title": "[Nurses: A Voice to Lead, Nursing the World to Health-Viewing COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention Efforts in Light of Nightingale's Perspective on Infection Control].", "journal": "Hu Li Za Zhi", "authors": ["Peng, Mei-Tzi"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Florence Nightingale (1820-1910), extolled as the founder of modern nursing, contributed greatly to the advancement of modern public health. Written 150 years ago, Nightingale's advice on infection control, addressing the importance of hand washing, environmental sanitation, ventilation, sunshine, statistical data, and health literacy, remains highly relevant in today's global fight against the coronavirus. In honor of Florence Nightingale's 200th birthday, World Health Organization declared 2020 the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife. The era of \"Nurses: A Voice to Lead - Nursing the World to Health\" is drawing near. This article addresses the profound impact of Nightingale's infection control and public health perspectives on measures currently being taken to contain coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, we call on governments throughout the world to invest proactively in nursing to assure the safety of patients and promote public health in order to achieve the pledge of the United Nations' sustainable development goals to leave no one behind."}, {"pmid": 32390177, "pmcid": "PMC7261971", "title": "Resuming work gradually in the context of COVID-19: experience from a tertiary dermatology department in China.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Tang, Keyun", "Zhang, Hanlin", "Jin, Hongzhong"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390177", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342048, "pmcid": "PMC7183965", "title": "The Changing Face of Orthopedic Education: Searching for the New Reality After COVID-19.", "journal": "Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Plancher, Kevin D", "Shanmugam, Jaya Prasad", "Petterson, Stephanie C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342048", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had immediate impact on the practice of medicine and orthopaedic education. As the practice of social distancing has been put into place to help slow the spread of disease as well as to conserve medical supplies and equipment, elective surgery has come to a grinding halt. This dramatic change has forced our leaders to critically evaluate the delivery of education and skills training for our residents, fellows as well as all orthopaedic surgeons. We must continue to develop technologies such as virtual meeting platforms, distance learning, simulation-based training, virtual reality andaugmented reality to augment the new world of orthopaedic education."}, {"pmid": 32189081, "pmcid": "PMC7087612", "title": "AI-Driven Tools for Coronavirus Outbreak: Need of Active Learning and Cross-Population Train/Test Models on Multitudinal/Multimodal Data.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Santosh, K C"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189081", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, which was identified in late 2019, requires special attention because of its future epidemics and possible global threats. Beside clinical procedures and treatments, since Artificial Intelligence (AI) promises a new paradigm for healthcare, several different AI tools that are built upon Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are employed for analyzing data and decision-making processes. This means that AI-driven tools help identify COVID-19 outbreaks as well as forecast their nature of spread across the globe. However, unlike other healthcare issues, for COVID-19, to detect COVID-19, AI-driven tools are expected to have active learning-based cross-population train/test models that employs multitudinal and multimodal data, which is the primary purpose of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32339960, "pmcid": "PMC7194515", "title": "Clinical characteristics of older patients infected with COVID-19: A descriptive study.", "journal": "Arch Gerontol Geriatr", "authors": ["Niu, Shengmei", "Tian, Sijia", "Lou, Jing", "Kang, Xuqin", "Zhang, Luxi", "Lian, Huixin", "Zhang, Jinjun"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339960", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), which has spread in the world rapidly. Population have a susceptibility to COVID-19, older people were more susceptible to have a variety diseases than younger, including COVID-19 infection with no doubt. This study focused on older patients with COVID-19 infection and analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of them. We collected information on confirmed older patient transferred by Beijing Emergency Medical Service (EMS) to the designated hospitals from Jan 20 to Feb 29, 2020. The information including demographic, epidemiological, clinical, classification of severity and outcomes. All cases were categorized into three groups and compared the difference between aged 50-64 years, 65-79 years and older than 80 years. 56.7 % of elderly confirmed patients were male, fever (78.3 %), cough (56.7 %), dyspnea (30.0 %), and fatigue (23.3 %) were common symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Classification of severity has statistically significant differences between the three groups, compared with middle-aged patients and aged 65-79 years group, older than 80 years group had significant statistical differences in contacted to symptomatic case in 14 days. As of Feb 29, 38.3 % patients had discharged and 53.3 % patients remained in hospital in our study, the fatality of COVID-19 infection in elderly was 8.3 %. The COVID-19 infection is generally susceptible with a relatively high fatality rate in older patients, we should pay more attention to the elderly patients with COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32321611, "pmcid": "PMC7196665", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: Ophthalmic practice and precautions in a tertiary eye hospital in Iran.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Moravvej, Zahra", "Soltani-Moghadam, Reza", "Ahmadian Yazdi, Azam", "Shahraki, Kianoush"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321611", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340642, "pmcid": "PMC7203165", "title": "Urgent need to develop evidence-based self-help interventions for mental health of healthcare workers in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Yang, Lei", "Yin, Juan", "Wang, Duolao", "Rahman, Atif", "Li, Xiaomei"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340642", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339259, "pmcid": "PMC7267650", "title": "Performing abdominal surgery during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China: a single-centred, retrospective, observational study.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Cai, M", "Wang, G", "Zhang, L", "Gao, J", "Xia, Z", "Zhang, P", "Wang, Z", "Cai, K", "Wang, G", "Tao, K"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339259", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289080, "pmcid": "PMC7140244", "title": "One world, one health: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Med Clin (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Trilla, Antoni"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289080", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405671, "pmcid": "PMC7220806", "title": "Ethical triage during the COVID-19 pandemic: a toolkit for neurosurgical resource allocation.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Hulsbergen, Alexander F C", "Eijkholt, Marleen M", "Balak, Naci", "Brennum, Jannick", "Bolger, Ciaran", "Bohrer, Anna-Margarete", "Feldman, Zeev", "Holsgrove, Daniel", "Kitchen, Neil", "Mathiesen, Tiit I", "Moojen, Wouter A", "Sampron, Nicolas", "Sames, Martin", "Sandvik, Ulrika", "Tisell, Magnus", "Broekman, Marike L D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405671", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic confronts healthcare workers, including neurosurgeons, with difficult choices regarding which patients to treat. In order to assist ethical triage, this article gives an overview of the main considerations and ethical principles relevant when allocating resources in times of scarcity. We discuss a framework employing four principles: prioritizing the worst off, maximizing benefits, treating patients equally, and promoting instrumental value. We furthermore discuss the role of age and comorbidity in triage and highlight some principles that may seem intuitive but should not form a basis for triage. This overview is presented on behalf of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies and can be used as a toolkit for neurosurgeons faced with ethical dilemmas when triaging patients in times of scarcity."}, {"pmid": 32195701, "pmcid": "PMC7155906", "title": "Preventing Infection of Patients and Healthcare Workers Should Be the New Normal in the Era of Novel Coronavirus Epidemics.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Bowdle, Andrew", "Munoz-Price, L Silvia"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195701", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510232, "title": "The power of disconnection during the COVID-19 emergency: From isolation to reparation.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Provenzi, Livio", "Tronick, Ed"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510232", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 represents an unprecedented threat to human health worldwide. In the absence of a specific available cure for this disease, countries are adopting mitigation strategies that largely depend on physical distancing, with a dramatic restriction of social contacts. Whereas the psychological burden related to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is starting to be well characterized by population-based surveys, we would like to capitalize from infant research evidence about the potentials of psychological reparation for human trauma and disconnection. Reparation can be defined as the human ability to coregulate emotions and to resolve interactive mismatches and separations by reciprocally engaging in attuned interactive exchanges capable of expanding our capacities for resilience. Alongside economical and medical health solutions, investing in psychological, emotional, and affective reparatory acts is warranted to be a key component of the recovery strategies worldwide. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32423903, "title": "Thrombotic risk in COVID-19: a case series and case-control study.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Stoneham, Simon M", "Milne, Kate M", "Nuttal, Elisabeth", "Frew, Georgina H", "Sturrock, Beattie R", "Sivaloganathan, Helena", "Ladikou, Eleni E", "Drage, Stephen", "Phillips, Barbara", "Chevassut, Timothy Jt", "Eziefula, Alice C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423903", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A possible association between COVID-19 infection and thrombosis, either as a direct consequence of the virus or as a complication of inflammation, is emerging in the literature. Data on the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are extremely limited. We describe three cases of thromboembolism refractory to heparin treatment, the incidence of VTE in an inpatient cohort, and a case-control study to identify risk factors associated with VTE. We identified 274 confirmed (208) or probable (66) COVID-19 patients. 21 (7.7%) were diagnosed with VTE. D-dimer was elevated in both cases (confirmed VTE) and controls (no confirmed VTE) but higher levels were seen in confirmed VTE cases (4.1 vs 1.2 \u03bcg/mL, P<0.001). Incidence of VTE is high in patients hospitalised with COVID-19. Urgent clinical trials are needed to evaluate the role of anticoagulation in COVID-19. Monitoring of D-dimer and anti-factor Xa levels may be beneficial in guiding management."}, {"pmid": 32412416, "pmcid": "PMC7252199", "title": "Use of a Real-Time Locating System for Contact Tracing of Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic at an Infectious Disease Center in Singapore: Validation Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Ho, Hanley J", "Zhang, Zoe Xiaozhu", "Huang, Zhilian", "Aung, Aung Hein", "Lim, Wei-Yen", "Chow, Angela"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412416", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early 2020, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged and spread by community and nosocomial transmission. Effective contact tracing of potentially exposed health care workers is crucial for the prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks in the health care setting. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of contact tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic through the real-time locating system (RTLS) and review of the electronic medical record (EMR) at the designated hospital for COVID-19 response in Singapore. Over a 2-day study period, all admitted patients with COVID-19, their ward locations, and the health care workers rostered to each ward were identified to determine the total number of potential contacts between patients with COVID-19 and health care workers. The numbers of staff-patient contacts determined by EMR reviews, RTLS-based contact tracing, and a combination of both methods were evaluated. The use of EMR-based and RTLS-based contact tracing methods was further validated by comparing their sensitivity and specificity against self-reported staff-patient contacts by health care workers. Of 796 potential staff-patient contacts (between 17 patients and 162 staff members), 104 (13.1%) were identified by both the RTLS and EMR, 54 (6.8%) by the RTLS alone, and 99 (12.4%) by the EMR alone; 539 (67.7%) were not identified through either method. Compared to self-reported contacts, EMR reviews had a sensitivity of 47.2% and a specificity of 77.9%, while the RTLS had a sensitivity of 72.2% and a specificity of 87.7%. The highest sensitivity was obtained by including all contacts identified by either the RTLS or the EMR (sensitivity 77.8%, specificity 73.4%). RTLS-based contact tracing showed higher sensitivity and specificity than EMR review. Integration of both methods provided the best performance for rapid contact tracing, although technical adjustments to the RTLS and increasing user compliance with wearing of RTLS tags remain necessary."}, {"pmid": 32330329, "pmcid": "PMC7267356", "title": "Mass quarantine measures in the time of COVID-19 pandemic: psychosocial implications for chronic skin conditions and a call for qualitative studies.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Garcovich, S", "Bersani, F S", "Chiricozzi, A", "De Simone, C"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467101, "title": "Symptom burden and clinical profile of COVID-19 deaths: a rapid systematic review and evidence summary.", "journal": "BMJ Support Palliat Care", "authors": ["Keeley, Paul", "Buchanan, Deans", "Carolan, Clare", "Pivodic, Lara", "Tavabie, Simon", "Noble, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467101", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of pandemic COVID-19 has created unprecedented need for information. The pandemic is the cause of significant mortality and with this the need for rapidly disseminated information for palliative care professionals regarding the prevalence of symptoms, their intensity, their resistance or susceptibility to symptom control and the mode of death for patients. We undertook a systematic review of published evidence for symptoms in patients with COVID-19 (with a specific emphasis on symptoms at end of life) and on modes of death. Inclusion: prospective or retrospective studies detailing symptom presence and/or cause or mode of death from COVID-19. 12 papers met the inclusion criteria and gave details of symptom burden: four of these specifically in the dying and two detailed the cause or mode of death. Cough, breathlessness, fatigue and myalgia are significant symptoms in people hospitalised with COVID-19. Dyspnoea is the most significant symptom in the dying. The mode of death was described in two papers and is predominantly through respiratory or heart failure. There remains a dearth of information regarding symptom burden and mode of death to inform decisions regarding end-of-life care in patients dying with COVID-19. Rapid data gathering on the mode of death and the profile of symptoms in the dying and their prevalence and severity in areas where COVID-19 is prevalent will provide important intelligence for clinicians. This should be done urgently, within ethical norms and the practicalities of a public health, clinical and logistical emergency."}, {"pmid": 32355296, "pmcid": "PMC7191971", "title": "Combating physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Rev Rheumatol", "authors": ["Pinto, Ana Jessica", "Dunstan, David W", "Owen, Neville", "Bonfa, Eloisa", "Gualano, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355296", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426931, "title": "Love in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Med Genet A", "authors": ["Muenke, Maximilian"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426931", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419775, "pmcid": "PMC7225695", "title": "Telemedicine and the challenge of epilepsy management at the time of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Epilepsy Behav", "authors": ["Brigo, Francesco", "Bonavita, Simona", "Leocani, Letizia", "Tedeschi, Gioacchino", "Lavorgna, Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419775", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32503848, "title": "Response to: 'Severe COVID-19 associated pneumonia in 3 patients with systemic sclerosis treated with rituximab' by Avouac et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Guilpain, Philippe", "Le Bihan, Clement", "Foulongne, Vincent", "Taourel, Patrice", "Pansu, Nathalie", "Maria, Alexandre Thibault Jacques", "Jung, Boris", "Larcher, Romaric", "Klouche, Kada", "Le Moing, Vincent"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503848", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470606, "pmcid": "PMC7250072", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Critically Ill Patients Co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the Influenza Virus in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ma, Simin", "Lai, Xiaoquan", "Chen, Zhe", "Tu, Shenghao", "Qin, Kai"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470606", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To delineate the clinical characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients co-infected with influenza. In this study, we included adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 form Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China), with or without influenza, and compared their clinical characteristics. Among 93 patients, 44 died and 49 were discharged. Forty-four (47.3%) were infected with influenza virus A and 2 (2.2%) with influenza virus B. Twenty-two (50.0%) of the non-survivors and 24 (49.0%) of the survivors were infected with the influenza virus. Critically ill COVID-19 patients with influenza were more prone to cardiac injury than those without influenza. For the laboratory indicators at admission, white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts, levels of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, D-dimer value, and proportion of elevated creatinine were higher in non-survivors with influenza than in those without influenza. The results showed a high proportion of COVID-19 patients were co-infected with influenza in Tongji Hospital, with no significant difference in the proportion of co-infection between survivors and non-survivors. The critically ill COVID-19 patients with influenza exhibited more severe inflammation and organ injury, indicating that co-infection with the influenza virus may induce an earlier and more frequently occurring cytokine storm."}, {"pmid": 32305209, "pmcid": "PMC7146701", "title": "Preparing pharmacy for the surge of patients with COVID-19: Lessons from China.", "journal": "J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)", "authors": ["Stergachis, Andy"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468830, "title": "Taste and Smell Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol", "authors": ["Abalo-Lojo, Jose Manuel", "Pouso-Diz, Jessica Maria", "Gonzalez, Francisco"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468830", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412415, "pmcid": "PMC7265655", "title": "A Snapshot of SARS-CoV-2 Genome Availability up to April 2020 and its Implications: Data Analysis.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Mavian, Carla", "Marini, Simone", "Prosperi, Mattia", "Salemi, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412415", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been growing exponentially, affecting over 4 million people and causing enormous distress to economies and societies worldwide. A plethora of analyses based on viral sequences has already been published both in scientific journals and through non-peer-reviewed channels to investigate the genetic heterogeneity and spatiotemporal dissemination of SARS-CoV-2. However, a systematic investigation of phylogenetic information and sampling bias in the available data is lacking. Although the number of available genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 is growing daily and the sequences show increasing phylogenetic information, country-specific data still present severe limitations and should be interpreted with caution. The objective of this study was to determine the quality of the currently available SARS-CoV-2 full genome data in terms of sampling bias as well as phylogenetic and temporal signals to inform and guide the scientific community. We used maximum likelihood-based methods to assess the presence of sufficient information for robust phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies in several SARS-CoV-2 sequence alignments assembled from GISAID (Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data) data released between March and April 2020. Although the number of high-quality full genomes is growing daily, and sequence data released in April 2020 contain sufficient phylogenetic information to allow reliable inference of phylogenetic relationships, country-specific SARS-CoV-2 data sets still present severe limitations. At the present time, studies assessing within-country spread or transmission clusters should be considered preliminary or hypothesis-generating at best. Hence, current reports should be interpreted with caution, and concerted efforts should continue to increase the number and quality of sequences required for robust tracing of the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32467518, "title": "Oculoplastic, Orbital, and Lacrimal Care in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Shared Experience From Melbourne.", "journal": "Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg", "authors": ["O'Rourke, Micheal", "Hardy, Thomas", "Au, Alicia", "Burt, Benjamin", "Davies, Rodger", "Friebel, Justin", "Gaskin, Brent", "Khong, J J", "Pick, Zelda", "Satchi, Khami", "Su, Charles", "McNab, Alan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467518", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302813, "pmcid": "PMC7151321", "title": "People experiencing homelessness: Their potential exposure to COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Lima, Nadia Nara Rolim", "de Souza, Ricardo Inacio", "Feitosa, Pedro Walisson Gomes", "Moreira, Jorge Lucas de Sousa", "da Silva, Claudio Gleidiston Lima", "Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302813", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Insufficient housing quality is associated with stress and mental health impacts. Crowding, pollution, noise, inadequate lighting, lack of access to green spaces, and other environmental factors associated with slums can exacerbate mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, violence, and other forms of social dysfunction. The studies were identified using large-sized newspapers with international circulation. Experts say that people who sleep in shelters or on the streets already have lower life expectancy, suffer from addiction, and have underlying health conditions that put them at greater risk should they develop the virus. There are just so many competing and unmet needs, which makes it much harder for homeless to contend with all of this. If exposed, people experiencing homelessness might be more susceptible to illness or death due to the prevalence of underlying physical and mental medical conditions and a lack of reliable and affordable health care. Nevertheless, without an urgent solution, people experiencing homelessness will remain in limbo. Many people living on the streets already have a diminished health condition, higher rates of chronic illnesses or compromised immune systems, all of which are risk factors for developing a more serious manifestation of the coronavirus infection. Those suffering from mental illness may have difficulty in recognizing and responding to the threat of infection. Homeless people have less access to health care providers who could otherwise order diagnostic testing and, if confirmed, isolate them from others in coordination with local health departments."}, {"pmid": 32527380, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in the Employees of a Large University Hospital.", "journal": "Dtsch Arztebl Int", "authors": ["Schwierzeck, Vera", "Correa-Martinez, Carlos Luis", "Schneider, Kristian Nikolaus", "Mellmann, Alexander", "Hennies, Marc Tim", "Hafezi, Wali", "Czeschinski, Peter", "Kampmeier, Stefanie"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527380", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376627, "title": "Design of potent membrane fusion inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2, an emerging coronavirus with high fusogenic activity.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Zhu, Yuanmei", "Yu, Danwei", "Yan, Hongxia", "Chong, Huihui", "He, Yuxian"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376627", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease COVID-19, caused by emerging SARS-CoV-2, has posed serious threats to global public health, economic and social stabilities, calling for the prompt development of therapeutics and prophylactics. In this study, we firstly verified that SARS-CoV-2 uses human ACE2 as a cell receptor and its spike (S) protein mediates high membrane fusion activity. Comparing to that of SARS-CoV, the heptad repeat 1 (HR1) sequence in the S2 fusion protein of SARS-CoV-2 possesses markedly increased \u03b1-helicity and thermostability, as well as a higher binding affinity with its corresponding heptad repeat 2 (HR2) site. Then, we designed a HR2 sequence-based lipopeptide fusion inhibitor, termed IPB02, which showed highly potent activities in inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion and pseudovirus transduction. IPB02 also inhibited the SARS-CoV pseudovirus efficiently. Moreover, the structure and activity relationship (SAR) of IPB02 was characterized with a panel of truncated lipopeptides, revealing the amino acid motifs critical for its binding and antiviral capacities. Therefore, the presented results have provided important information for understanding the entry pathway of SARS-CoV-2 and the design of antivirals that target the membrane fusion step.IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 presents a serious global public health emergency in urgent need of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. The S protein of coronaviruses mediates viral receptor-binding and membrane fusion thus being considered a critical target for antivirals. Herein, we report that the SARS-CoV-2 S protein evolves a high activity to mediate cell-cell fusion, significantly differing from the S protein of the previously emerged SARS-CoV. In comparison, the HR1 sequence in the fusion protein of SARS-CoV-2 adopts a much higher helical stability and can interact with the HR2 site to form a six-helical bundle structure more efficiently, underlying the mechanism of the enhanced fusion capacity. Also importantly, the design of membrane fusion inhibitors with high potencies against both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV has provided potential arsenals to combat the pandemic and tools to exploit the fusion mechanism."}, {"pmid": 32275804, "pmcid": "PMC7207161", "title": "Why does Japan have so few cases of COVID-19?", "journal": "EMBO Mol Med", "authors": ["Iwasaki, Akiko", "Grubaugh, Nathan D"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275804", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has spread to many countries around the world, but the infection and death rates vary widely. One country that appeared to have kept the infection under control despite limited societal restrictions is Japan. This commentary explores why Japan may have, up to now, been spared an escalation of the SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32331805, "pmcid": "PMC7151342", "title": "Echoes of 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in the COVID Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Ther", "authors": ["Jhaveri, Ravi"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331805", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) pandemic that has engulfed the globe has had incredible effects on health care systems and economic activity. Social distancing and school closures have played a central role in public health efforts to counter the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID)-19 pandemic. The most recent global pandemic prior to COVID-19 was the 2009 pandemic, hemagglutinin type 1 and neuraminidase type 1 (H1N1) influenza. The course of events in 2009 offer some rich lessons that could be applied to the current COVID-19 pandemic. This commentary highlights some of the most relevant points and a discussion of possible outcomes of the\u00a0COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32324080, "title": "Virtual Reality as a Bridge in Palliative Care during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Wang, Samuel S Y", "Teo, Wendy Z W", "Teo, Winnie Z Y", "Chai, Yong Woon"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324080", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360567, "pmcid": "PMC7191276", "title": "Inflammatory bowel disease management during the COVID-19 outbreak: a survey from the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO).", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["D'Amico, Ferdinando", "Danese, Silvio", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360567", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520510, "title": "COVID-19: Incidental Diagnosis by 18F-FDG PET/CT.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Sinha, Partha", "Sinha, Shyamashree", "Schlehr, Evemarie", "Schlehr, James M"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520510", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 73-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and no known malignancies was evaluated for back pain. MR examination showed lumbar spine compression fractures, and an F-FDG PET/CT scan was requested to assess for skeletal metastatic disease and potential detection of a primary neoplasm. The PET/CT examination revealed scattered FDG-avid pulmonary opacities with upper lobe preponderance highly suspicious for COVID-19. Real-time polymerase chain reaction testing of nasopharyngeal swabs confirmed the diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32275288, "pmcid": "PMC7149362", "title": "Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Neurol", "authors": ["Mao, Ling", "Jin, Huijuan", "Wang, Mengdie", "Hu, Yu", "Chen, Shengcai", "He, Quanwei", "Chang, Jiang", "Hong, Candong", "Zhou, Yifan", "Wang, David", "Miao, Xiaoping", "Li, Yanan", "Hu, Bo"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275288", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, is serious and has the potential to become an epidemic worldwide. Several studies have described typical clinical manifestations including fever, cough, diarrhea, and fatigue. However, to our knowledge, it has not been reported that patients with COVID-19 had any neurologic manifestations. To study the neurologic manifestations of patients with COVID-19. This is a retrospective, observational case series. Data were collected from January 16, 2020, to February 19, 2020, at 3 designated special care centers for COVID-19 (Main District, West Branch, and Tumor Center) of the Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, China. The study included 214 consecutive hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records, and data of all neurologic symptoms were checked by 2 trained neurologists. Neurologic manifestations fell into 3 categories: central nervous system manifestations (dizziness, headache, impaired consciousness, acute cerebrovascular disease, ataxia, and seizure), peripheral nervous system manifestations (taste impairment, smell impairment, vision impairment, and nerve pain), and skeletal muscular injury manifestations. Of 214 patients (mean [SD] age, 52.7 [15.5] years; 87 men [40.7%]) with COVID-19, 126 patients (58.9%) had nonsevere infection and 88 patients (41.1%) had severe infection according to their respiratory status. Overall, 78 patients (36.4%) had neurologic manifestations. Compared with patients with nonsevere infection, patients with severe infection were older, had more underlying disorders, especially hypertension, and showed fewer typical symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever and cough. Patients with more severe infection had neurologic manifestations, such as acute cerebrovascular diseases (5 [5.7%] vs 1 [0.8%]), impaired consciousness (13 [14.8%] vs 3 [2.4%]), and skeletal muscle injury (17 [19.3%] vs 6 [4.8%]). Patients with COVID-19 commonly have neurologic manifestations. During the epidemic period of COVID-19, when seeing patients with neurologic manifestations, clinicians should suspect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection as a differential diagnosis to avoid delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis and lose the chance to treat and prevent further transmission."}, {"pmid": 32501955, "title": "Closed-suction System for Intubated COVID-19 Patients with the Use of an Ultrasound Probe Cover.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Vargas, Maria", "Servillo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501955", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301818, "title": "Departmental Experience and Lessons Learned With Accelerated Introduction of Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["Loeb, Alexander E", "Rao, Sandesh S", "Ficke, James R", "Morris, Carol D", "Riley, Lee H 3rd", "Levin, Adam S"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301818", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the use of digital technology in healthcare, telemedicine has not been readily adopted. During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare systems have begun crisis management planning. To appropriately allocate resources and prevent virus exposure while maintaining effective patient care, our orthopaedic surgery department rapidly introduced a robust telemedicine program during a 5-day period. Implementation requires attention to patient triage, technological resources, credentialing, education of providers and patients, scheduling, and regulatory considerations. This article provides practical instruction based on our experience for physicians who wish to implement telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between telemedicine encounters and necessary in-person visits, providers may be able to achieve 50% of their typical clinic volume within 2 weeks. When handling the massive disruption to the routine patient care workflow, it is critical to understand the key factors associated with an accelerated introduction of telemedicine for the safe and effective continuation of orthopaedic care during this pandemic. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: V."}, {"pmid": 32245751, "title": "Covid-19: Increased demand for steroid inhalers causes \"distressing\" shortages.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245751", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490730, "title": "Measuring anxiety related to COVID-19: A Turkish validation study of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale.", "journal": "Death Stud", "authors": ["Evren, Cuneyt", "Evren, Bilge", "Dalbudak, Ercan", "Topcu, Merve", "Kutlu, Nilay"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490730", "countries": ["Turkey"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the current study is to validate the Turkish version of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). Participants were assessed across the CAS, Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) and Fear of COVID-19 Scale. We surveyed 1023 Turkish native speakers who participated online. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor structure of the CAS was satisfactory. The scale was internally consistent with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.80. Positive correlations of the CAS with the OCS and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale demonstrated adequate convergent validity. These findings suggest that the CAS is a valid and reliable measure to assess the severity of dysfunctional coronavirus related anxiety."}, {"pmid": 32329922, "pmcid": "PMC7264590", "title": "Tracheostomy protocols during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Heyd, Cameron P", "Desiato, Vincent M", "Nguyen, Shaun A", "O'Rourke, Ashli K", "Clemmens, Clarice S", "Awad, Mahmoud I", "Worley, Mitchell L", "Day, Terry A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329922", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the implementation of rapidly changing protocols and guidelines related to the indications and perioperative precautions and protocols for tracheostomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate current guidelines for tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic to provide a framework for health systems to prepare as the science evolves over the upcoming months and years. Literature review was performed. Articles reporting clinical practice guidelines for tracheostomy in the context of COVID-19 were included. A total of 13 tracheotomy guidelines were identified. Two were available via PubMed, five in society or organization websites, and six identified via health system websites or other sources. Five were from Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery specialties, six from Anesthesiology and one from Pulmonary/Critical Care. All (100%) studies recommended postponing elective OR cases in COVID-19 positive patients, while seven recommended reducing team members to only essential staff and three recommended forming a designated tracheostomy team. Recommendations with supporting references are summarized in the article. Tracheostomy guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic vary by physician groups and specialty, hospital systems, and supply-chain/resource availability. This summary is provided as a point-in-time current state of the guidelines for tracheotomy management in April 2020 and is expected to change in coming weeks and months as the COVID-19 pandemic, virus testing and antibody testing evolves."}, {"pmid": 32419563, "title": "Safety of dupilumab in atopic patients during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Napolitano, Maddalena", "Patruno, Cataldo", "Ruggiero, Angelo", "Nocerino, Mariateresa", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419563", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384153, "pmcid": "PMC7239256", "title": "Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 by low volume real-time single tube reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification using an exo probe with an internally linked quencher (exo-IQ).", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Behrmann, Ole", "Bachmann, Iris", "Spiegel, Martin", "Schramm, Marina", "El Wahed, Ahmed Abd", "Dobler, Gerhard", "Dame, Gregory", "Hufert, Frank T"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384153", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has spread to almost every country with more than three million confirmed cases and over two hundred thousand deaths as of April 28, 2020. Rapid first-line testing protocols are needed for outbreak control and surveillance. We used computational and manual design to generate a suitable set of reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) primer and exonuclease probe, internally quenched (exo-IQ) probe sequences targeting the SARS-CoV-2 N gene. RT-RPA sensitivity was determined by amplification of in vitro transcribed RNA standards. Assay selectivity was demonstrated with a selectivity panel of 32 nucleic acid samples derived from common respiratory viruses. To validate the assay against full-length SARS-CoV-2 RNA, total viral RNA derived from cell culture supernatant and 19 nasopharyngeal swab samples (8 positive and 11 negative for SARS-CoV-2) were screened. All results were compared to established RT-qPCR assays. The 95% detection probability of the RT-RPA assay was determined to be 7.74 (95% CI: 2.87 - 27.39) RNA copies per reaction. The assay showed no cross-reactivity to any other screened coronaviruses or respiratory viruses of clinical significance. The developed RT-RPA assay produced 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity when compared to RT-qPCR (n=20). With a run time of 15 to 20 minutes and first results being available in under 7 minutes for high RNA concentrations, the reported assay constitutes one of the fastest nucleic acid based detection methods for SARS-CoV-2 to date and may provide a simple to use alternative to RT-qPCR for first-line screening at the point of need."}, {"pmid": 32301978, "pmcid": "PMC7184494", "title": "The aftermath of coronavirus disease 2019: devastation or a new dawn for nephrology?", "journal": "Nephrol Dial Transplant", "authors": ["Agarwal, Rajiv"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301978", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496094, "title": "Coronavirus: A trigger for OCD and illness anxiety disorder?", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Rivera, Rita M", "Carballea, Denise"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496094", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic possesses challenges for individuals with preexisting mental health conditions, such as those with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Illness Anxiety Disorder. Amid the novel coronavirus pandemic, sanitary precautions have become encouraged. Mental health practitioners need to examine how the normalization of these practices may become triggers and reinforcements for obsessive thinking and compulsive behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32448879, "title": "[CoViD-19 in Italy: homeless population needs protection.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Barbieri, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448879", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is one of the most affected countries by the new coronavirus (CoViD-19) pandemic. In the country, there are an estimated 49,000-52,000 homeless people. People experiencing homelessness are among the potentially most vulnerable groups to the CoViD-19. Despite this, in Italy there is a worrying delay in implementation of a national coordinated strategy to protect homeless people from the potentially devastating effects caused by CoViD-19. In order to contain the epidemic among the most vulnerable people, we propose a short operational agenda based on the field experience of the medical-humanitarian organization Medici per i Diritti Umani (Doctors for Human Rights, Italy - MEDU) as well as on the example of initiatives taken by other countries."}, {"pmid": 32363247, "pmcid": "PMC7195356", "title": "New policy and regulation for a Radiology-Oncology Center at the time of Covid-19 outbreak in Tehran-Iran.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Samiee, Sara", "Hadjilooei, Farimah", "Alamolhoda, Mahboobeh", "Akhlaghpoor, Shahram"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363247", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486140, "title": "Weakly Labeled Data Augmentation for Deep Learning: A Study on COVID-19 Detection in Chest X-Rays.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Rajaraman, Sivaramakrishnan", "Antani, Sameer"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486140", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic resulting in over 2.7 million infected individuals and over 190,000 deaths and growing. Assertions in the literature suggest that respiratory disorders due to COVID-19 commonly present with pneumonia-like symptoms which are radiologically confirmed as opacities. Radiology serves as an adjunct to the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test for confirmation and evaluating disease progression. While computed tomography (CT) imaging is more specific than chest X-rays (CXR), its use is limited due to cross-contamination concerns. CXR imaging is commonly used in high-demand situations, placing a significant burden on radiology services. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has been suggested to alleviate this burden. However, there is a dearth of sufficient training data for developing image-based AI tools. We propose increasing training data for recognizing COVID-19 pneumonia opacities using weakly labeled data augmentation. This follows from a hypothesis that the COVID-19 manifestation would be similar to that caused by other viral pathogens affecting the lungs. We expand the training data distribution for supervised learning through the use of weakly labeled CXR images, automatically pooled from publicly available pneumonia datasets, to classify them into those with bacterial or viral pneumonia opacities. Next, we use these selected images in a stage-wise, strategic approach to train convolutional neural network-based algorithms and compare against those trained with non-augmented data. Weakly labeled data augmentation expands the learned feature space in an attempt to encompass variability in unseen test distributions, enhance inter-class discrimination, and reduce the generalization error. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that simple weakly labeled data augmentation (Acc: 0.5555 and Acc: 0.6536) is better than baseline non-augmented training (Acc: 0.2885 and Acc: 0.5028) in identifying COVID-19 manifestations as viral pneumonia. Interestingly, adding COVID-19 CXRs to simple weakly labeled augmented training data significantly improves the performance (Acc: 0.7095 and Acc: 0.8889), suggesting that COVID-19, though viral in origin, creates a uniquely different presentation in CXRs compared with other viral pneumonia manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32213260, "pmcid": "PMC7258456", "title": "Pharmacologic Treatments and Supportive Care for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kain, Taylor", "Lindsay, Patrick J", "Adhikari, Neill K J", "Arabi, Yaseen M", "Van Kerkhove, Maria D", "Fowler, Robert A"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213260", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Available animal and cell line models have suggested that specific therapeutics might be effective in treating Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). We conducted a systematic review of evidence for treatment with pharmacologic and supportive therapies. We developed a protocol and searched 5 databases for studies describing treatment of MERS and deaths in MERS patients. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed by using ROBINS-I tool. We retrieved 3,660 unique citations; 20 observational studies met eligibility, and we studied 13 therapies. Most studies were at serious or critical RoB; no studies were at low RoB. One study, at moderate RoB, showed reduced mortality rates in severe MERS patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; no other studies showed a significant lifesaving benefit to any treatment. The existing literature on treatments for MERS is observational and at moderate to critical RoB. Clinical trials are needed to guide treatment decisions."}, {"pmid": 32363507, "pmcid": "PMC7196528", "title": "Dealing with immune-mediated neuropathies during COVID-19 outbreak: practical recommendations from the task force of the Italian Society of Neurology (SIN), the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology (SINC) and the Italian Peripheral Nervous System Association (ASNP).", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Dubbioso, Raffaele", "Nobile-Orazio, Eduardo", "Manganelli, Fiore", "Santoro, Lucio", "Briani, Chiara", "Cocito, Dario", "Tedeschi, Gioacchino", "Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo", "Fabrizi, Gian Maria"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363507", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336306, "title": "Management of healthcare areas for the prevention of COVID-19 emergency in an Italian teaching hospital (Pisa, Tuscany): A hospital renovation plan.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Baggiani, Angelo", "Briani, Silvia", "Luchini, Grazia", "Giraldi, Mauro", "Martino, Maria Carola", "Porretta, Andrea", "Totaro, Michele", "Privitera, Gaetano"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336306", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329908, "pmcid": "PMC7264513", "title": "A Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Case Report From an Ear, Nose, and Throat Clinic.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["Ye, Wang", "Xianyang, Luo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329908", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478623, "title": "Will COVID-19 change neurosurgical clinical practice?", "journal": "Br J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Montemurro, Nicola", "Perrini, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436272, "title": "Faculty Development in a Pandemic: So Close-Yet So Far.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Buckley, Heather"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Conceptual advances in faculty development are broadening to emphasize the importance of relationships and social networks to faculty learning.1 In-person events traditionally provide a venue for these relationships to develop and sustain. The onset of the Covid-19 pandemic forced the rapid acceptance of online platforms as the only approach for faculty interpersonal connection. Within these virtual only conditions, a faculty development intervention was quickly created for a cohort of dispersed teaching faculty that could harness the power of relationships and social networks for faculty support and learning about the program's new format (online) and additional content (student stress)."}, {"pmid": 32471702, "pmcid": "PMC7242954", "title": "Defective Anti-oxidant System: An Aggravating Factor for COVID-19 Patients Outcome?", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Kassi, Eva N", "Papavassiliou, Kostas A", "Papavassiliou, Athanasios G"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471702", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389426, "pmcid": "PMC7198145", "title": "A favorable outcome of pneumonia COVID 19 in an advanced lung cancer patient with severe neutropenia: Is immunosuppression a risk factor for SARS-COV2 infection?", "journal": "Lung Cancer", "authors": ["Sereno, Maria", "Gutierrez-Gutierrez, Gerardo", "Sandoval, Carmen", "Falagan, Sandra", "Jimenez-Gordo, Ana Maria", "Merino, Maria", "Lopez-Menchaca, Ramiro", "Martinez-Martin, Patricia", "Roa, Silvia", "Casado, Enrique"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389426", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414641, "pmcid": "PMC7190503", "title": "The quality of the reported sample size calculation in clinical trials on COVID-19 patients indexed in PubMed.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Lee, Paul H"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414641", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449188, "title": "Specific organization for in-hospital belatacept infusion to avoid nosocomial transmission during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Kamar, Nassim", "Esposito, Laure", "Hebral, Anne Laure", "Guitard, Joelle", "Del Bello, Arnaud"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449188", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in France in early February and in our region (Southwest France) in early March 2020."}, {"pmid": 32366759, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Chinese Radiologists are Acting.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Xiang, Kai Yan", "Zu, Zi Yue", "Lu, Guang Ming", "Zhang, Long Jiang"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366759", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly throughout China and other countries, and has been characterized as a pandemic. With the strict prevention and control measures implemented by the Chinese government, the spread of the epidemic in China has come under preliminary control by the end of February, 2020, whereas the situation of some countries outside China is not optimistic and raises great public concern. In fighting COVID-19, radiologic examinations played a critical role in the early diagnosis of COVID-19, and could also help assess disease course and severity. There is an urgent need to share useful experience and effective measures internationally. This article outlines the collaborative actions and efforts by the Chinese radiology field and the situation of front-line health care workers in radiology departments to present the world with experiences and examples of Chinese radiology during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32492613, "pmcid": "PMC7247458", "title": "COVID-19's impact on the atmospheric environment in the Southeast Asia region.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Kanniah, Kasturi Devi", "Kamarul Zaman, Nurul Amalin Fatihah", "Kaskaoutis, Dimitris G", "Latif, Mohd Talib"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492613", "countries": ["China", "Malaysia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its first appearance in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, the new coronavirus (COVID-19) has evolved a global pandemic within three months, with more than 4.3 million confirmed cases worldwide until mid-May 2020. As many countries around the world, Malaysia and other southeast Asian (SEA) countries have also enforced lockdown at different degrees to contain the spread of the disease, which has brought some positive effects on natural environment. Therefore, evaluating the reduction in anthropogenic emissions due to COVID-19 and the related governmental measures to restrict its expansion is crucial to assess its impacts on air pollution and economic growth. In this study, we used aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations from Himawari-8 satellite, along with tropospheric NO2 column density from Aura-OMI over SEA, and ground-based pollution measurements at several stations across Malaysia, in order to quantify the changes in aerosol and air pollutants associated with the general shutdown of anthropogenic and industrial activities due to COVID-19. The lockdown has led to a notable decrease in AOD over SEA and in the pollution outflow over the oceanic regions, while a significant decrease (27% - 30%) in tropospheric NO2 was observed over areas not affected by seasonal biomass burning. Especially in Malaysia, PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and CO concentrations have been decreased by 26-31%, 23-32%, 63-64%, 9-20%, and 25-31%, respectively, in the urban areas during the lockdown phase, compared to the same periods in 2018 and 2019. Notable reductions are also seen at industrial, suburban and rural sites across the country. Quantifying the reductions in major and health harmful air pollutants is crucial for health-related research and for air-quality and climate-change studies."}, {"pmid": 32380008, "pmcid": "PMC7198148", "title": "Resumption of daily services in a gastroenterology department in Guangzhou, China, in the wake of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Han, Jing", "Zhu, Liguo", "Wang, Ying", "Zeng, Zhirong", "Zhang, Shenghong"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380008", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521202, "title": "COVID-19 in India.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Kakar, Atul", "Nundy, Samiran"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521202", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504963, "pmcid": "PMC7264020", "title": "Cardiac arrest during emergency intubation in an elderly patient with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Tao, Kun-Ming", "Hu, Yu", "Zhu, Xiao-Fei", "Zhang, Yong-Chao", "Yang, Yun", "Lu, Zhi-Jie"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504963", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431227, "title": "COVID-19 and hypertension.", "journal": "J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst", "authors": ["Kulkarni, Spoorthy", "Jenner, Bernadette L", "Wilkinson, Ian"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431227", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475769, "pmcid": "PMC7211748", "title": "Consequences of COVID-19 on people with diabetes.", "journal": "Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr", "authors": ["Bellido, Virginia", "Perez, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475769", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404514, "pmcid": "PMC7227770", "title": "COVID-19: Learning from Lessons To Guide Treatment and Prevention Interventions.", "journal": "mSphere", "authors": ["Triggle, Chris R", "Bansal, Devendra", "Farag, Elmoubasher Abu Baker Abd", "Ding, Hong", "Sultan, Ali A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404514", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Since then, the virus has rapidly spread to many countries. While the outbreak in China appears to be in decline, the disease has spread across the world, with a daily increase in the number of confirmed cases and infection-related deaths. Here, we highlight (i) the lessons that have been learnt so far and how they will benefit reducing the impact of COVID-19 disease and (ii) an update on the status of drug treatment and vaccine development to prevent COVID-19 and potential future related pandemics. Although the mortality rate is clearly higher than for influenza, the rate does seem to vary from country to country, possibly reflecting differences in how rapidly local health authorities respond to isolate and effectively care for the affected population. Drugs are urgently needed for both prophylaxis and the treatment of severely ill patients; however, no proven effective therapies for SARS-CoV-2 currently exist. A number of drugs that have been approved for other diseases are being tested for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, but there is an absence of data from appropriately designed clinical trials showing that these drugs, either alone or in combination, will prove effective. There is also a global urgency to develop a vaccine against COVID-19, but development and appropriate testing will take at least a year before such a vaccine will be globally available. This review summarizes the lessons learnt so far from the COVID-19 pandemic, examines the evidence regarding the drugs that are being tested for the treatment of COVID19, and describes the progress made in efforts to develop an effective vaccine."}, {"pmid": 32517833, "title": "Disposition of Patients with COVID-19 Infection Whose Respiratory Specimens Remain SARS-CoV-2 PCR-Positive.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mermel, Leonard A"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517833", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415630, "pmcid": "PMC7225092", "title": "Is There a Role for ERAS Program Implementation to Restart Bariatric Surgery After the Peak of COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Fantola, Giovanni", "Nagliati, Carlo", "Foletto, Mirto", "Balani, Alessandro", "Moroni, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415630", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383490, "pmcid": "PMC7267642", "title": "Considerations for transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) use during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Lacy, A M", "De Lacy, F B", "Balibrea, J M"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246144, "pmcid": "PMC7184350", "title": "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Disabled and Hospice Home Care Patients.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Tseng, Tzyy-Guey", "Wu, Hui-Ling", "Ku, Hui-Chuan", "Tai, Chi-Jung"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246144", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255661, "pmcid": "PMC7237295", "title": "Code Blue During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Chan, Paul S", "Berg, Robert A", "Nadkarni, Vinay M"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255661", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215598, "pmcid": "PMC7099530", "title": "Neonatal Early-Onset Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in 33 Neonates Born to Mothers With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Zeng, Lingkong", "Xia, Shiwen", "Yuan, Wenhao", "Yan, Kai", "Xiao, Feifan", "Shao, Jianbo", "Zhou, Wenhao"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215598", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504017, "title": "India expands use of controversial drug for coronavirus despite safety concerns.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Pulla, Priyanka"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504017", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286520, "pmcid": "PMC7155393", "title": "How sexual medicine is facing the outbreak of COVID-19: experience of Italian urological community and future perspectives.", "journal": "Int J Impot Res", "authors": ["Cocci, Andrea", "Presicce, Fabrizio", "Russo, Giorgio I", "Cacciamani, Giovanni", "Cimino, Sebastiano", "Minervini, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286520", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412532, "pmcid": "PMC7220596", "title": "[Teaching at the paramedics school of the City of Munich during the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Notf Rett Med", "authors": ["Friess, C", "Bayerl, T"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412532", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing Coronavirus crisis forced both the Berufsfachschule f\u00fcr Notfallsanit\u00e4ter (emergency paramedic vocational school) of the Munich fire department and all other German schools to quit classroom teaching within just a\u00a0few days. Similarly, all practical trainings at clinics and on ambulances had to be put on hold. As the apprentices' training objective was acutely endangered by the expected lengthy teaching downtimes, it was of crucial importance to successfully establish homeschooling. While members of our teaching staff were additionally bound by support for the Munich crisis unit, the switch to virtual classroom teaching for all ongoing courses significantly increased the overall workload of the staff. In a\u00a0first step, we established a\u00a0fast video and communication platform via Microsoft Skype. All other issues had to be solved on the fly due to the lack of preparation time. Soon it became obvious that using only classic upfront teaching methods was not an option due to the resulting monotony of a\u00a0full-time 35\u202fh training week. Additionally, we had to ensure that exams would also be possible during homeschooling to avoid the accumulation of missing performance assessments. Within a\u00a0few days, it became clear that almost all forms of social interactions and teaching methods could be integrated into the virtual classroom with minor limitations. A\u00a0survey among students showed that while homeschooling cannot fully replace classroom teaching, it is considered a\u00a0good alternative in emergency situations. Furthermore, many trainees think that homeschooling could be a\u00a0valuable addition to normal classroom teaching. Maybe this crisis could turn out to be the beginning of a\u00a0new complementary teaching strategy."}, {"pmid": 32432127, "pmcid": "PMC7214683", "title": "COVID-19 Management and Arrhythmia: Risks and Challenges for Clinicians Treating Patients Affected by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Front Cardiovasc Med", "authors": ["Carpenter, Alexander", "Chambers, Owen J", "El Harchi, Aziza", "Bond, Richard", "Hanington, Oliver", "Harmer, Stephen C", "Hancox, Jules C", "James, Andrew F"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432127", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented challenge and will require novel therapeutic strategies. Affected patients are likely to be at risk of arrhythmia due to underlying comorbidities, polypharmacy and the disease process. Importantly, a number of the medications likely to receive significant use can themselves, particularly in combination, be pro-arrhythmic. Drug-induced prolongation of the QT interval is primarily caused by inhibition of the hERG potassium channel either directly and/or by impaired channel trafficking. Concurrent use of multiple hERG-blocking drugs may have a synergistic rather than additive effect which, in addition to any pre-existing polypharmacy, critical illness or electrolyte imbalance, may significantly increase the risk of arrhythmia and Torsades de Pointes. Knowledge of these risks will allow informed decisions regarding appropriate therapeutics and monitoring to keep our patients safe."}, {"pmid": 32295319, "title": "Innovative screening tests for COVID-19 in South Korea.", "journal": "Clin Exp Emerg Med", "authors": ["Choi, Sangchun", "Han, Chul", "Lee, Jisook", "Kim, Sang-Il", "Kim, In Byung"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295319", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the number of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases has increased remarkably in South Korea, so the triage clinics and emergency departments (ED) are expected to be overcrowded with patients with presumed infection. As of March 21st, there was a total of 8,799 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 102 related deaths in South Korea that was one of the top countries with high incidence rates [1]. This sharp increase in infection is associated with 1) outbreaks in individual provinces, 2) deployment of rapid and aggressive screening tests, 3) dedicated healthcare staffs for virus screening tests, 4) quarantine inspection data transparency and accurate data reporting, and 5) public health lessons from previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreaks. This commentary introduces innovative screening tests that are currently used in South Korea for COVID-19, e.g., Drive-Through and Walk-Through tests, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of both methods."}, {"pmid": 32410319, "pmcid": "PMC7272976", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Viral Hepatitis coinfection: Provide guidelines for integrated screening and treatment.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Odjidja, Emmanuel Nene", "Longo, Valentina Laurita", "Rizzatti, Gianenrico", "Bandoh, Salome"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410319", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus, that causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) threatens global health. Emerging evidence and past experience from other coronaviruses suggests that people with underlying liver disease including viral hepatitis could be at risk of disease severity and mortality. However, with the present relatively low screening rates for the most prevalent viral hepatitis - Hepatitis B and C, many COVID-19 cases especially in low middle income countries are unlikely to be screened for viral hepatitis coinfection. Without active screening, little will be known about the clinical and epidemiological manifestations which could negatively impact public health efforts. In this commentary, we call for systematic and integrated screening of Hepatitis B and C for COVID-19 confirmed patients. We also call for guidelines for management and treatment as well as research to understand the epidemiology of coinfection This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32341600, "pmcid": "PMC7184164", "title": "Orthopaedics in Times of COVID 19.", "journal": "Indian J Orthop", "authors": ["Bagaria, Vaibhav", "Sahu, Dipit"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341600", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521376, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19): Interferon-epsilon may be responsible of decreased mortality in females.", "journal": "J Reprod Immunol", "authors": ["Afsar, Cigdem Usul", "Afsar, Selim"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521376", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524374, "title": "Management of children with COVID-19: experiences from China.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Xu, Si-Yun", "Yang, Li-Li", "Qi, Qi", "Wang, Xian-Jun", "Xie, Yi-Cheng", "Zhao, Zheng-Yan", "Shu, Qiang"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524374", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125133, "title": "[Epidemic trend of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mainland China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhu, Z B", "Zhong, C K", "Zhang, K X", "Dong, C", "Peng, H", "Xu, T", "Wang, A L", "Guo, Z R", "Zhang, Y H"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125133", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: In order to master the epidemic trend of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and evaluate the effect of prevention and control, we evaluate the epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in mainland China, Hubei province, Wuhan city and other provinces outside Hubei from January 16 to February 14, 2020. Methods: We collected the daily number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases by nucleic acid detection reported by the National Health Commission from January 16, 2020 to February 14, 2020. The analysis includes the epidemic curve of the new confirmed cases, multiple of the new confirmed cases for period-over-period, multiple of the new confirmed cases for fixed-base, and the period-over-period growth rate of the new confirmed cases. Results: From January 16 to February 14, 2020, the cumulative number of new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in mainland China was 50 031, including 37 930 in Hubei province, 22 883 in Wuhan city and 12 101 in other provinces outside Hubei. The peak of the number of new confirmed cases in other provinces outside Hubei was from January 31 to February 4, 2020, and the peak of new confirmed cases in Wuhan city and Hubei province was from February 5 to February 9, 2020. The number of new confirmed cases in other provinces outside Hubei showed a significant decline (23% compared with the peak) from February 5 to February 9, 2020, while the number of new confirmed cases in Wuhan city (30% compared with the peak) and Hubei Province (37% compared with the peak) decreased significantly from February 10 to February 14, 2020. Conclusion: The epidemic prevention and control measures taken by the state and governments at all levels have shown very significant effects, effectively curbing the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic in China."}, {"pmid": 31992880, "title": "China coronavirus: Six questions scientists are asking.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen", "Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31992880", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427677, "pmcid": "PMC7273932", "title": "Three Cases of COVID-19 Disease With Colonic Manifestations.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Sattar, Yasar", "Connerney, Michael", "Rauf, Hiba", "Saini, Mannat", "Ullah, Waqas", "Mamtani, Sahil", "Syed, Umer", "Luddington, Stephen", "Walfish, Aaron"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427677", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525711, "title": "Re: \"Maxillofacial Trauma Management During COVID-19: Multidisciplinary Recommendations,\" by Edwards et al. and \"A Guide to Facial Trauma Triage and Precautions in the COVID-19 Pandemic\" by Hsieh et al.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Elmaraghi, Shady", "Rao, Venkat K", "Mount, Delora L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525711", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531548, "title": "Clinical and computed tomography characteristics of COVID-19 associated acute pulmonary embolism: A different phenotype of thrombotic disease?", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["van Dam, L F", "Kroft, L J M", "van der Wal, L I", "Cannegieter, S C", "Eikenboom, J", "de Jonge, E", "Huisman, M V", "Klok, F A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531548", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 infections are associated with a high prevalence of venous thromboembolism, particularly pulmonary embolism (PE). It is suggested that COVID-19 associated PE represents in situ immunothrombosis rather than venous thromboembolism, although the origin of thrombotic lesions in COVID-19 patients remains largely unknown. In this study, we assessed the clinical and computed tomography (CT) characteristics of PE in 23 consecutive patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and compared these to those of 100 consecutive control patients diagnosed with acute PE before the COVID-19 outbreak. Specifically, RV/LV diameter ratio, pulmonary artery trunk diameter and total thrombus load (according to Qanadli score) were measured and compared. We observed that all thrombotic lesions in COVID-19 patients were found to be in lung parenchyma affected by COVID-19. Also, the thrombus load was lower in COVID-19 patients (Qanadli score -8%, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] -16 to -0.36%) as was the prevalence of the most proximal PE in the main/lobar pulmonary artery (17% versus 47%; -30%, 95%CI -44% to -8.2). Moreover, the mean RV/LV ratio (mean difference -0.23, 95%CI -0.39 to -0.07) and the prevalence of RV/LV ratio >1.0 (prevalence difference -23%, 95%CI -41 to -0.86%) were lower in the COVID-19 patients. Our findings therefore suggest that the phenotype of COVID-19 associated PE indeed differs from PE in patients without COVID-19, fuelling the discussion on its pathophysiology."}, {"pmid": 32385549, "pmcid": "PMC7207082", "title": "COVID-19, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, and the Brain.", "journal": "Cell Mol Neurobiol", "authors": ["Saavedra, Juan M"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385549", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487463, "pmcid": "PMC7245252", "title": "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Sex Med", "authors": ["Miranda, Eduardo P", "Nascimento, Bruno", "Torres, Luiz Otavio", "Glina, Sidney"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487463", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443024, "pmcid": "PMC7273941", "title": "Addendum to: Risk Stratification and Personal Protective Equipment Use in Pediatric Endoscopy During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Single-center Protocol.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Say, Daphne S", "de Lorimier, Arthur", "Lammers, Cathleen R", "Natale, JoAnne", "Lakshminrusimha, Satyan", "Wiedeman, Jean", "Partridge, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443024", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506109, "title": "Sub-continental Atmosphere and Inherent Immune System may have Impact on Novel Corona Virus' 2019 (nCovid-19) Prevalence in South East Asia.", "journal": "Mymensingh Med J", "authors": ["Khalil, I", "Barma, P"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506109", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pandemic enveloped RNA Novel Corona Virus' 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) appears as a beating reed which induce overwhelming outbreak all over the world since November 2019 to till date. Inherent Immunity developed by traditional food habit, exposure to various antigens and vitamin D induced sunlight exposure. Meteorological parameters are the important factors which influencing the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) like infectious disease. Aim of this review to enhance our knowledge and explore the association among build up immunity, weather parameters and Corona virus disease (COVID-19) death. In this review we emphasize role of meteorological factor included degree of sun exposure and effect of temperature on enveloped lipid bi-layer structure of Novel corona virus. These meteorological factors and inherent immunity may have impact on SARS-CoV-2 incidence among South East Asian including Bangladeshi. In summary, this study suggests that temperature-humidity variation, inherent immunity and lower life expectancy of South East Asia may be important."}, {"pmid": 32534369, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine/ chloroquine as a treatment choice or prophylaxis for Covid-19 at the primary care level in developing countries: A Primum non Nocere dilemma.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Chevalier, Marco T Medina", "Moncada, Sir Salvador"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534369", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned against the use of Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for Covid-19 outside of a hospital or a clinical trial setting due to the risk of QT interval prolongation, ventricular tachycardia and the increased risk of these complications when combined with some antibiotics such as azithromycin. Several studies have reported no benefit of Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, when used alone or with a macrolide in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Despite these warnings, in several developing countries the official guidelines for treatment of Covid-19 patients at the primary care level recommend Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, among other treatments, as the first-choice for mild symptomatic Covid-19 patients, asymptomatic contacts or for prophylaxis. In our opinion there is a primum non nocere dilemma during this Covid-19 pandemic. In order to solve this bioethical problem, we strongly recommend that a randomized controlled trial in a primary care setting be carried out as a matter of urgency in these areas of the world."}, {"pmid": 32219888, "title": "Medical education and care in dermatology during the SARS-CoV2 pandemia: challenges and chances.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Reinholz, M", "French, L E"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219888", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386019, "title": "A family outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Luo, Weijun", "Xiong, Zeng", "Tang, Haixiong", "Zhou, Hui"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386019", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although continuous outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, it has been widely reported, there were few reports regarding family cases. We reported a group of family cluster outbreak cases confirmed in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China, and their clinical and image characteristics have been analyzed in order to provide reference for the prevention and early diagnosis of this disease. A total of 5 patients from one family, including 4 adults and 1 child, had a history of human contact in Wuhan, Hubei. Four adult patients showed different symptoms, including cough, fever, pharyngeal pain, and dyspnea, while the child patient had no symptoms. Laboratory examination showed no abnormality in all the patients except for slight increase in CRP in 2 patients and mild abnormal liver function index in 1 patient. The chest CT showed that all patients had abnormal images, with different degrees of manifestations.All patients were finally diagnosed by the nucleic acid test."}, {"pmid": 32418190, "pmcid": "PMC7229436", "title": "Early experience with remdesivir in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Durante-Mangoni, Emanuele", "Andini, Roberto", "Bertolino, Lorenzo", "Mele, Ferruccio", "Florio, Letizia Lucia", "Murino, Patrizia", "Corcione, Antonio", "Zampino, Rosa"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418190", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, there is no definitive antiviral treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We describe our early experience with remdesivir in four critically ill COVID-19 patients. Patients received a 200\u00a0mg loading dose, followed by 100\u00a0mg daily intravenously for up to 10\u00a0days. All patients had been previously treated with other antivirals before remdesivir initiation. One patient experienced a torsade de pointes requiring cardiac resuscitation and one died due to multiple organ failure. Three patients showed biochemical signs of liver injury. Lymphocyte count increased in all patients soon after remdesivir initiation. Nasal swab SARS-CoV-2 RNA became negative in three of four patients after 3\u00a0days of therapy. We observed an in vivo virological effect of remdesivir in four critically ill, COVID-19 patients, coupled with a significant burden of adverse events. Although limited by the low number of subjects studied, our preliminary experience may be relevant for clinicians treating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32087216, "pmcid": "PMC7130311", "title": "A Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Call for Action.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Zhang, Yi", "Xu, Jiuyang", "Li, Hui", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087216", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332322, "pmcid": "PMC7219843", "title": "Rapid Deployment of a Drive-Through Prenatal Care Model in Response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Turrentine, Mark", "Ramirez, Mildred", "Monga, Manju", "Gandhi, Manisha", "Swaim, Laurie", "Tyer-Viola, Lynda", "Birsinger, Michele", "Belfort, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332322", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a public health emergency for the entire United States. Providing access to prenatal health care while limiting exposure of both obstetric health care professionals and patients to COVID-19 is challenging. Although reductions in the frequency of prenatal visits and implementation of telehealth interventions provide some options, there still remains a need for patient-health care professional visits. A drive-through prenatal care model was developed in which pregnant women would remain in their automobiles while being assessed by the health care professional, thus reducing potential patient, health care professional, and staff exposure to COVID-19. Drive-through prenatal visits would include key elements that some institutions cannot perform by telehealth encounters, such as blood pressure measurements for evaluation for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, fetal heart rate assessment, and selected ultrasound-based measurements or observations, as well as face-to-face patient-health care professional interaction, thereby reducing patient anxiety resulting from the reduction in the number of planned clinic visits with an obstetric health care professional as well as fear of virus exposure in the clinic setting. We describe the rapid development of a drive-through prenatal care model that is projected to reduce the number of in-person clinic visits by 33% per patient compared with the traditional prenatal care paradigm, using equipment and supplies that most obstetric clinics in the United States can access."}, {"pmid": 32301692, "pmcid": "PMC7219975", "title": "What do urologists need to know: Diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Turk J Urol", "authors": ["Ho, Hui Ching", "Hughes, Thomas", "Bozlu, Murat", "Kadioglu, Ates", "Somani, Bhaskar K"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301692", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has had unprecedented effect on healthcare systems globally with severe impact on every specialist service within the hospital including urology. While it affects the respiratory system causing symptoms ranging from fever, cough, dyspnea, diarrhea, nausea, myalgia and fatigue, it eventually causes pneumonia and respiratory distress needing oxygenation and ventilation. Laboratory diagnosis is required to confirm the diagnosis of COVID-19. Radiological changes are seen on chest XR or CT scan of patients. The surge in patients affected by the disease has led to extreme pressures on healthcare systems by the overwhelming number of critically unwell patients. This scenario has presented challenges to maintain other emergency and essential services. Reallocation of staff, wards and equipment has resulted in cancellations of many surgical procedures, requiring urologists to select only the most essential or critical procedures. The outpatient face-to-face clinics are also cancelled or changed to telephone or video consultations. In some hospitals, urologists are required to work outside of their usual scope of practice helping their respiratory and intensive care unit colleagues. The pandemic is disrupting training and education opportunities for junior medical staff. In this review we provide guidance on the diagnosis and management of COVID-19, the influence it has on urological practice and consider the long-term implications that may be of consequence for years to come."}, {"pmid": 32357995, "title": "Tracheal intubation in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Duggan, Laura V", "Mastoras, George", "Bryson, Gregory L"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357995", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480424, "title": "COVID-19, internists and resilience: the north-south Italy outbreak.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Di Ciaula, Agostino", "Palmieri, Vincenzo O", "Migliore, Giovanni", "Portincasa, Piero"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480424", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to data from the World Health Organization, Italy has been particularly affected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. On April 1st 2020, Italy gained, at a world level, the highest number of total confirmed cases (n=110,574) and deaths (n=13,155) since the beginning of the outbreak. The number of cases raised exponentially, reaching a total of 227,364 infected subjects and 32,330 deaths on May, 20. The distribution of infected subjects and deaths, however, was not homogeneous, being respectively about 7-times and 12-times higher in northern- than in southern regions."}, {"pmid": 32375909, "pmcid": "PMC7240136", "title": "Impact of Fundamental Diseases on Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Chen, Yiguang", "Li, Tianhua", "Ye, Yongyi", "Chen, Yongjian", "Pan, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375909", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new type of coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), appeared in Wuhan, China. Serious outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, have occurred throughout China and the world. Therefore, we intend to shed light on its potential clinical and epidemiological characteristics. In this retrospective study, we included 50 confirmed fatal cases of SARS-CoV-2 reported on Chinese official media networks from January 16, 2020, to February 5, 2020. All the cases were confirmed by local qualified medical and health institutions. Specific information has been released through official channels. According to the contents of the reports, we recorded in detail the gender, age, first symptom date, death date, primary symptoms, chronic fundamental diseases, and other data of the patients, and carried out analyses and discussion. In total, 50 fatal cases were reported: median age was 70 y old, and males were 2.33 times more likely to die than females. The median number of days from the first symptom to death was 13, and that length of time tended to be shorter among people aged 65 and older compared with those younger than 65 (12 days vs 17 days; P = 0.046). Therefore, the older patients had fewer number of days from the first symptom to death (r = -0.40; P = 0.012). In our study, we found that most of the deaths were elderly men with chronic fundamental diseases, and their COVID-19 progression to death time was shorter. At the same time, we demonstrated that older men are more likely to become infected with COVID-19, and the risk of death is positively correlated with age."}, {"pmid": 32333854, "pmcid": "PMC7176390", "title": "A call for action for COVID-19 surveillance and research during pregnancy.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Buekens, Pierre", "Alger, Jackeline", "Breart, Gerard", "Cafferata, Maria Luisa", "Harville, Emily", "Tomasso, Giselle"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333854", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326512, "title": "Epidemiology of Coronavirus COVID-19: Forecasting the Future Incidence in Different Countries.", "journal": "Healthcare (Basel)", "authors": ["Stubinger, Johannes", "Schneider, Lucas"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326512", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Switzerland", "China", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper forecasts the future spread of COVID-19 by exploiting the identified lead-lag effects between different countries. Specifically, we first determine the past relation among nations with the aid of dynamic time warping. This procedure allows an elastic adjustment of the time axis to find similar but phase-shifted sequences. Afterwards, the established framework utilizes information about the leading country to predict the Coronavirus spread of the following nation. The presented methodology is applied to confirmed Coronavirus cases from 1 January 2020 to 28 March 2020. Our results show that China leads all other countries in the range of 29 days for South Korea and 44 days for the United States. Finally, we predict a future collapse of the healthcare systems of the United Kingdom and Switzerland in case of our explosion scenario."}, {"pmid": 32421355, "title": "Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During COVID-19 Quarantine and the Role of In-Home Physical Activity.", "journal": "Diabetes Technol Ther", "authors": ["Tornese, Gianluca", "Ceconi, Viola", "Monasta, Lorenzo", "Carletti, Claudia", "Faleschini, Elena", "Barbi, Egidio"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421355", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                     To limit the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), governments have ordered a series of restrictions that may affect glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), since physical activity (PA) was not allowed outside home. \n                        Methods:\n                     We retrospectively evaluated glycemic control of individuals with T1DM using hybrid closed loop (HCL) system in the period before the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Italy (February 10-23, 2020-Time 1), when movements were only reduced (February 24-March 8, 2020-Time 2) and during complete lockdown (March 9-22, 2020-Time 3). Information about regular PA (at least 3\u2009h per week) prior and during the quarantine was collected. \n                        Results:\n                     The study included 13 individuals with a median age of 14.2 years and a good glycemic control at baseline (glucose management indicator of 7%, time in range [TIR] of 68%, time below range [TBR] of 2%). All individuals continued to show good glycemic control throughout the study period. There was an increase in TIR during the study period (+3%) and TIR was significantly higher during Time 3 (72%) than during Time 2 (66%). TBR was significantly lower during Time 3 (1%) both compared with Time 1 and Time 2 (2%). A meaningful variance in TIR at Time 3 between individuals who performed or not PA during quarantine and a significant increase in TIR between Time 2 and Time 3 in individuals both doing PA at baseline and during quarantine was found. At logistic regression, only the presence of PA during quarantine significantly predicted a TIR >70%. \n                        Conclusions:\n                     Glycemic control of T1DM in adolescents using HCL system did not worsen during the restrictions due to COVID-19 pandemics and further improved in those who continued PA during the quarantine. Maintaining regular PA in a safe home environment is an essential strategy for young individuals with T1DM during the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32433391, "title": "Leading in the COVID-19 Crisis: Challenges and Solutions for State Health Leaders.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Fraser, Michael R"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433391", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337192, "pmcid": "PMC7166223", "title": "COVID-19 Tragic Pandemic: Concerns over Unintentional \"Directed Accelerated Evolution\" of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and Introducing a Modified Treatment Method for ARDS.", "journal": "J Biomed Phys Eng", "authors": ["A, Ghadimi-Moghadam", "M, Haghani", "J J, Bevelacqua", "A, Kaveh-Ahangar", "S M J, Mortazavi", "A, Ghadimi-Moghadam", "S A R, Mortazavi"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337192", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Global health authorities are trying to work out the current status of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak and explore methods to reduce the rate of its transmission to healthy individuals. In this viewpoint we provide insights concerning how health care professionals can unintentionally shift the novel coronavirus type to more drug-resistant forms. It is worth noting that viruses usually have different sensitivities to physical and chemical damaging agents such antiviral drugs, UV and heat ranging from extremely sensitive (ES) to extremely resistant (ER) based on a bell-shaped curve. Given this consideration, the widespread infection of people with such ER viruses would be a real disaster. Here, we introduce a modified treatment method for COVID-19-associated pneumonia. In this proposed method, COVID-19 patients will receive a single dose of 100, 180 or 250 mSv X-ray radiation that is less than the maximum annual radiation dose of the residents of high background radiation areas of Ramsar that is up to 260 mSv. In contrast with antiviral drugs, a single dose of either 100, 180 or 250 mSv of low LET X-rays cannot exert a significant selective pressure on the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and hence does not lead to directed accelerated evolution of these viruses. Moreover, Low Dose Radiation (LDR) has the capacity of modulating excessive inflammatory responses, regulating lymphocyte counts, and controling bacterial co-infections in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32222122, "title": "[Follow-up testing of viral nucleic acid in discharged patients with moderate type of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Li, Youjiang", "Hu, Yingying", "Zhang, Xiaodong", "Yu, Yuanyuan", "Li, Bin", "Wu, Jianguo", "Wu, Yingping", "Xia, Xiaoping", "Xu, Jian"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222122", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the clinical outcome of patients with moderate type of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after discharge by retesting viral nucleic acid. Seven patients with moderate COVID-19 met the discharge criteria enacted by National Health Commission were quarantine in hospital for 7 days, then continuously quarantined at home for 4 weeks after discharged. During the three weeks of quarantined period, the symptoms and signs were documented; and sputum or nasal swab and feces samples were collected to test SARS-COV-2 nucleic acid by RT-PCR method. There were no symptoms and signs during the quarantine period in all 7 patients. However, respiratory swabs from 3 patients were confirmed positive of SARS-COV-2 nucleic acid at 5 to 7 days after they met the discharge criteria. The study indicates that there is a relatively high incidence of positive viral nucleic acid in patients met the discharge criteria, and it is suggested that patients met the current discharge criteria should be quarantined in hospital for another 7 days and the follow-up viral testing is necessary."}, {"pmid": 32501301, "pmcid": "PMC7252045", "title": "A rapid screening method for testing the efficiency of masks in breaking down aerosols.", "journal": "Microchem J", "authors": ["Amendola, Luca", "Saurini, Maria Teresa", "Di Girolamo, Francesco", "Arduini, Fabiana"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501301", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The highest risk of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 to be spread through human-to-human transmission has boosted the use of personal protective equipment at worldwide level. In Europe, the medical face masks must be tested to certify the essential requirements in agreement with European Standard EN 14683:2019, and face masks for industrial use in agreement with European Standard EN 149:2009. Due to the need of large quantitative of medical and non-medical face masks in coronavirus outbreak, several Italian industries are working for shift a portion of their manufacturing capacity for producing medical and non-medical face mask. For screening evaluation of the effectiveness of personal protective equipment produced by reconverted industries, ARPA Lazio and the Department of Chemical Science and Technologies of Tor Vergata University have set-up an analytical system able to simulate the respiratory action and to measure the percentage of particles that pass through the face masks using optical particle counter (based on the EN 16890: 2017 that uses the same light scattering principle to evaluate the filter filtration efficiency). This set-up was challenged using face masks produced by reconverted industries and the data were compared with ones obtained using medical face mask."}, {"pmid": 32520135, "title": "A brief history of medical uniforms: from ancient history to the COVID-19 time.", "journal": "Rev Col Bras Cir", "authors": ["O'Donnell, Victoria Rodrigues", "Chinelatto, Lucas Albuquerque", "Rodrigues, Cristina", "Hojaij, Flavio Carneiro"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520135", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical Uniforms date back from medieval times. Nursing uniforms were based on nuns clothes whereas doctors used the famous \"plague costumes\" and black \"frock\" coats from about 15th to early 19th century. In latter half 19th century medical uniforms started to change. Nursing uniforms gradually lost their similarities to religious outfits. Doctors started to use white clothing. With great emphasis on hygiene and sanitation, the idea of personal protective equipment (PPE) started to evolve with William Stewart Halsted introducing the use of rubber gloves in 1889. In the 1960s-1970s it became more usual to wear green and blue `scrubs in order to look for a greater contrast in clothing with the all-white hospital environment. In contemporary times, some specialties even stopped using specific uniforms, while others still use them. At the same time, PPE became more and more important, up to nowadays \"plague costume\" in the combat of the COVID-19 epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32439468, "pmcid": "PMC7234946", "title": "Dermatologic manifestations of hydroxychloroquine therapy: a closer look at the nails.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Lipner, Shari R", "Scher, Richard K"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439468", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427138, "pmcid": "PMC7227567", "title": "COVID-19: How the Quarantine could lead to the Depreobesity.", "journal": "Obes Med", "authors": ["Mediouni, Mohamed", "Madiouni, Riadh", "Kaczor-Urbanowicz, Karolina Elzbieta"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427138", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we will introduce coronavirus (COVID-19) and how it spreads around the globe. We will also present the term of quarantine and associated with it requirement of locking down at home in some countries. We will study how frustration related to quarantine relates to several psychological problems including depression. This environment pushes people to consume high sugar foods that increase obesity. In conclusion, countries should be prepared for the upcoming epidemic (depreobesity)."}, {"pmid": 32377559, "pmcid": "PMC7199242", "title": "COVID-19: Review of Epidemiology and Potential Treatments Against 2019 Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "Discoveries (Craiova)", "authors": ["Jan, Hasnain", "Faisal, Shah", "Khan, Ayyaz", "Khan, Shahzar", "Usman, Hazrat", "Liaqat, Rabia", "Shah, Sajjad Ali"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377559", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An epidemic of extreme respiratory deterrence, pneumonia and shortness of breath, the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019, and rapidly spread across China and beyond, with human to human transmission. On February 12, 2020, World Health Organization officially named the new coronavirus disease as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Most COVID-19 patients were diagnosed with pneumonia and many were treated using Chinese medicines and other secondary therapies. As of April 22, 2020, the total figure of infected patients has crossed 2.6 million people worldwide with over 180,000 deaths and 700,000 patients that have recovered. Preliminary reports suggest that certain drugs, such as chloroquine and antiviral nucleotide analogues such as remdesivir, which inhibit viral replication, can target the new coronavirus, although their usefulness in the clinic is still under debate. An expert US committee developed the US NIH guidelines for COVID-19 treatment, which was just released and will be regularly updated. This manuscript reviews the epidemiology, etiology, mortality, COVID-19 clinical symptoms, and potential therapeutic drugs, while highlighting the seriousness and damage-induced by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32184276, "title": "Helen Salisbury: What might we learn from the covid-19 pandemic?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Salisbury, Helen"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184276", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365233, "title": "Guidelines for the management of diabetes services and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Rayman, G", "Lumb, A", "Kennon, B", "Cottrell, C", "Nagi, D", "Page, E", "Voigt, D", "Courtney, H", "Atkins, H", "Platts, J", "Higgins, K", "Dhatariya, K", "Patel, M", "Narendran, P", "Kar, P", "Newland-Jones, P", "Stewart, R", "Burr, O", "Thomas, S"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365233", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The UK National Diabetes Inpatient COVID Response Group was formed at the end of March 2020 to support the provision of diabetes inpatient care during the COVID pandemic. It was formed in response to two emerging needs. First to ensure that basic diabetes services are secured and maintained at a time when there was a call for re-deployment to support the need for general medical expertise across secondary care services. The second was to provide simple safe diabetes guidelines for use by specialists and non-specialists treating inpatients with or suspected of COVID-19 infection. To date the group, comprising UK-based specialists in diabetes, pharmacy and psychology, have produced two sets of guidelines which will be continually revised as new evidence emerges. It is supported by Diabetes UK, the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists and NHS England."}, {"pmid": 32289565, "pmcid": "PMC7151431", "title": "Epidemiological and clinical features of 125 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Fuyang, Anhui, China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Ruirui", "Pan, Min", "Zhang, Xiumei", "Han, Mingfeng", "Fan, Xiaoyun", "Zhao, Fengde", "Miao, Manli", "Xu, Jing", "Guan, Minglong", "Deng, Xia", "Chen, Xu", "Shen, Leilei"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289565", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of patients with COVID-19 in Anhui province of China. In this descriptive study, we obtained epidemiological, demographic, manifestations, laboratory data and radiological findings of patients confirmed by real-time RT-PCR in the NO.2 People's Hospital of Fuyang City from Jan 20 to Feb 9, 2020. Clinical outcomes were followed up to Feb 18, 2020. Of 125 patients infected SARS-CoV-2, the mean age was 38.76 years (SD, 13.799) and 71(56.8%) were male. Common symptoms include fever [116 (92.8%)], cough [102(81.6%)], and shortness of breath [57(45.6%)]. Lymphocytopenia developed in 48(38.4%) patients. 100(80.0%) patients showed bilateral pneumonia, 26(20.8%) patients showed multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity. All patients were given antiviral therapy. 19(15.2%) patients were transferred to the intensive care unit. By February 18, 47(37.6%) patients were discharged and none of patients died. Among the discharged patients, the median time of length of stay was 14.8 days (SD 4.16). In this single-center, retrospective, descriptive study, fever is the most common symptom. Old age, chronic underlying diseases and smoking history may be risk factors to worse condition. Certain laboratory inspection may contribute to the judgment of the severity of illness."}, {"pmid": 32317557, "pmcid": "PMC7217117", "title": "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Treatment of Severe Pulmonary and Cardiac Compromise in COVID-19: Experience with 32 patients.", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Jacobs, Jeffrey P", "Stammers, Alfred H", "St Louis, James", "Hayanga, J W Awori", "Firstenberg, Michael S", "Mongero, Linda B", "Tesdahl, Eric A", "Rajagopal, Keshava", "Cheema, Faisal H", "Coley, Tom", "Badhwar, Vinay", "Sestokas, Anthony K", "Slepian, Marvin J"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317557", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 cases surge worldwide, an urgent need exists to enhance our understanding of the role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the management of severely ill patients with COVID-19 who develop acute respiratory and cardiac compromise refractory to conventional therapy. The purpose of this manuscript is to review our initial clinical experience in 32 patients with confirmed COVID-19 treated with ECMO.A multi-institutional registry and database was created and utilized to assess all patients who were supported with ECMO provided by SpecialtyCare. Data captured included patient characteristics, pre-COVID-19 risk factors and comorbidities, confirmation of COVID-19 diagnosis, features of ECMO support, specific medications utilized to treat COVID-19, and short-term outcomes through hospital discharge. This analysis includes all of our patients with COVID-19 supported with ECMO, with an analytic window starting March 17, 2020 when our first COVID-19 patient was placed on ECMO, and ending April 9, 2020.During the 24 days of this study, 32 consecutive patients with COVID-19 were placed on ECMO at 9 different hospitals. As of the time of analysis, 17 remain on ECMO, 10 died prior to or shortly after decannulation, and 5 are alive and extubated after removal from ECMO, with one of these 5 discharged from the hospital. Adjunctive medication in the surviving patients while on ECMO was as follows: 4 of 5 survivors received intravenous steroids, 3 of 5 survivors received antiviral medications (Remdesivir), 2 of 5 survivors were treated with anti-interleukin-6-receptor monoclonal antibodies (Tocilizumab or Sarilumab), and 1 of 5 survivors received hydroxychloroquine.An analysis of 32 COVID-19 patients with severe pulmonary compromise supported with ECMO suggests that ECMO may play a useful role in salvaging select critically ill patients with COVID-19. Additional patient experience and associated clinical and laboratory data must be obtained to further define the optimal role of ECMO in patients with COVID-19 and ARDS. These initial data may provide useful information to help define the best strategies to care for these challenging patients, and may also provide a framework for much-needed future research about the use of ECMO to treat patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32305501, "pmcid": "PMC7162764", "title": "The potential role of Th17 immune responses in coronavirus immunopathology and vaccine-induced immune enhancement.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Hotez, Peter J", "Bottazzi, Maria Elena", "Corry, David B"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305501", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasing evidence points to host Th17 inflammatory responses as contributing to the severe lung pathology and mortality of lower respiratory tract infections from coronaviruses. This includes host inflammatory and cytokine responses to COVID-19 caused by the SARS-2 coronavirus (SARS CoV2). From studies conducted in laboratory animals, there are additional concerns about immune enhancement and the role of potential host immunopathology resulting from experimental human COVID-19 vaccines. Here we summarize evidence suggesting there may be partial overlap between the underlying immunopathologic processes linked to both coronavirus infection and vaccination, and a role for Th17 in immune enhancement and eosinophilic pulmonary immunopathology. Such findings help explain the link between viral-vectored coronavirus vaccines and immune enhancement and its reduction through alum adjuvants. Additional research may also clarify links between COVID-19 pulmonary immunopathology and heart disease."}, {"pmid": 32473663, "pmcid": "PMC7255990", "title": "Ethnicity and COVID-19 in children with comorbidities.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Harman, Katharine", "Verma, Anita", "Cook, James", "Radia, Trisha", "Zuckerman, Mark", "Deep, Akash", "Dhawan, Anil", "Gupta, Atul"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473663", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32070391, "pmcid": "PMC7029610", "title": "Critical care response to a hospital outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection in Shenzhen, China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Liu, Yong", "Li, Jinxiu", "Feng, Yongwen"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32070391", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480208, "pmcid": "PMC7253991", "title": "Protection of anesthesia providers from silent carriers of COVID-19 while minimizing disposable PPE utilization.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Ringenberg, Kyle R", "Fremming, Bradley A", "Lisco, Steven L", "Schulte, Thomas E"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480208", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395542, "pmcid": "PMC7210180", "title": "The challenges in colorectal cancer management during COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Ren, Xianghai", "Chen, Baoxiang", "Hong, Yuntian", "Liu, Weicheng", "Jiang, Qi", "Yang, Jingying", "Qian, Qun", "Jiang, Congqing"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395542", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been over 2 months since the start of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The epidemic stage of COVID-19 has brought great challenges to the diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Symptoms, such as fever and cough caused by cancer, and the therapeutic process (including chemotherapy and surgery) should be differentiated from some COVID-19 related characteristics. Besides, clinical workers should not only consider the therapeutic strategy for cancer, but also emphasize COVID-19's prevention. Moreover, the detailed therapeutic regimens of CRC patients may be different from the usual. Also, treatment principles may various for CRC patients with or without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, as well as patients with or without an emergency presentation. In this paper, we want to discuss the above-mentioned problems based on previous guidelines, the current working status and our experiences, to provide a reference for medical personnel."}, {"pmid": 32500942, "title": "Outcome of COVID-19 in Liver Transplant Recipients: a Preliminary Report from Northwestern Italy.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Patrono, Damiano", "Lupo, Francesco", "Canta, Francesca", "Mazza, Elena", "Mirabella, Stefano", "Corcione, Silvia", "Tandoi, Francesco", "De Rosa, Francesco Giuseppe", "Romagnoli, Renato"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500942", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 pandemic is deeply affecting transplant activity worldwide. It is unclear whether solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of developing severe complications and how they should be managed, also concerning immunosuppression. This is a report about the course and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients from a single center in Northwestern Italy in the period March-April 2020. Three patients who were treated at our Institution are reported in details, whereas summary data are provided for those managed at peripheral Hospitals. Presentation varied from asymptomatic to rapidly progressive respiratory failure due to bilateral interstitial pneumonia. Accordingly, treatment and changes to immunosuppression were adapted to the severity of the disease. Overall mortality was 20%, whereas Covid-related mortality was 10%. Two cases of prolonged (> 2 months) viral carriage were observed in two asymptomatic patients who contracted the infection in the early course after transplant. Besides depicting Covid-19 course and possible treatment scenarios in liver transplant patients, these cases are discussed in relation to the changes in our practice prompted by Covid-19 epidemic, with potential implications for other transplant programs."}, {"pmid": 32279701, "pmcid": "PMC7170917", "title": "Development of a protective device for RT-PCR testing SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Tsuchida, Tomoya", "Fujitani, Shigeki", "Yamasaki, Yukitaka", "Kunishima, Hiroyuki", "Matsuda, Takahide"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279701", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422341, "pmcid": "PMC7227582", "title": "ACEI/ARB use and risk of infection or severity or mortality of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Xue", "Yu, Jiong", "Pan, Li-Ya", "Jiang, Hai-Yin"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422341", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on the risk of COVID-19 infection and disease progression are yet to be investigated. The relationship between ACEI/ARB use and COVID-19 infection was systematically reviewed. To identify relevant studies that met predetermined inclusion criteria, unrestricted searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were conducted. The search strategy included clinical date published until May 9, 2020. Twelve articles involving more than 19,000 COVID-19 cases were included. To estimate overall risk, random-effects models were adopted. Our results showed that ACEI/ARB exposure was not associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 infection (OR = 0.99; 95 % CI, 0-1.04; P = 0.672). Among those with COVID-19 infection, ACEI/ARB exposure was also not associated with a higher risk of having severe infection (OR = 0.98; 95 % CI, 0.87-1.09; P = 0.69) or mortality (OR = 0.73, 95 %CI, 0.5-1.07; P = 0.111). However, ACEI/ARB exposure was associated with a lower risk of mortality compared to those on non-ACEI/ARB antihypertensive drugs (OR = 0.48, 95 % CI, 0.29-0.81; P = 0.006). In conclusion, current evidence did not confirm the concern that ACEI/ARB exposure is harmful in patientswith COVID-19 infection. This study supports the current guidelines that discourage discontinuation of ACEIs or ARBs in COVID-19 patients and the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32241801, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine: A Potential Ethical Dilemma for Rheumatologists during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Scuccimarri, Rosie", "Sutton, Evelyn", "Fitzcharles, Mary-Ann"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241801", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304942, "pmcid": "PMC7194892", "title": "Impact of meteorological factors on the COVID-19 transmission: A multi-city study in China.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Liu, Jiangtao", "Zhou, Ji", "Yao, Jinxi", "Zhang, Xiuxia", "Li, Lanyu", "Xu, Xiaocheng", "He, Xiaotao", "Wang, Bo", "Fu, Shihua", "Niu, Tingting", "Yan, Jun", "Shi, Yanjun", "Ren, Xiaowei", "Niu, Jingping", "Zhu, Weihao", "Li, Sheng", "Luo, Bin", "Zhang, Kai"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304942", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of the present study is to explore the associations between novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case counts and meteorological factors in 30 provincial capital cities of China. We compiled a daily dataset including confirmed case counts, ambient temperature (AT), diurnal temperature range (DTR), absolute humidity (AH) and migration scale index (MSI) for each city during the period of January 20th to March 2nd, 2020. First, we explored the associations between COVID-19 confirmed case counts, meteorological factors, and MSI using non-linear regression. Then, we conducted a two-stage analysis for 17 cities with more than 50 confirmed cases. In the first stage, generalized linear models with negative binomial distribution were fitted to estimate city-specific effects of meteorological factors on confirmed case counts. In the second stage, the meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled effects. Our results showed that among 13 cities that have less than 50 confirmed cases, 9 cities locate in the Northern China with average AT below 0\u00a0\u00b0C, 12 cities had average AH below 4\u00a0g/m3, and one city (Haikou) had the highest AH (14.05\u00a0g/m3). Those 17 cities with 50 and more cases accounted for 90.6% of all cases in our study. Each 1\u00a0\u00b0C increase in AT and DTR was related to the decline of daily confirmed case counts, and the corresponding pooled RRs were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.85) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86, 0.95), respectively. For AH, the association with COVID-19 case counts were statistically significant in lag 07 and lag 014. In addition, we found the all these associations increased with accumulated time duration up to 14\u00a0days. In conclusions, meteorological factors play an independent role in the COVID-19 transmission after controlling population migration. Local weather condition with low temperature, mild diurnal temperature range and low humidity likely favor the transmission."}, {"pmid": 32504743, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection, clinical features and outcome of COVID-19 in United Kingdom nursing homes.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Graham, Nsn", "Junghans, C", "Downes, R", "Sendall, C", "Lai, H", "McKirdy, A", "Elliott, P", "Howard, R", "Wingfield, D", "Priestman, M", "Ciechonska, M", "Cameron, L", "Storch, M", "Crone, M A", "Freemont, P S", "Randell, P", "McLaren, R", "Lang, N", "Ladhani, S", "Sanderson, F", "Sharp, D J"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504743", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To understand SARS-Co-V-2 infection and transmission in UK nursing homes in order to develop preventive strategies for protecting the frail elderly residents. An outbreak investigation involving 394 residents and 70 staff, was carried out in 4 nursing homes affected by COVID-19 outbreaks in central London. Two point-prevalence surveys were performed one week apart where residents underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing and had relevant symptoms documented. Asymptomatic staff from three of the four homes were also offered SARS-CoV-2 testing. Overall, 26% (95% CI 22-31) of residents died over the two-month period. All-cause mortality increased by 203% (95% CI 70-336) compared with previous years. Systematic testing identified 40% (95% CI 35-46) of residents as positive for SARS-CoV-2, and of these 43% (95% CI 34-52) were asymptomatic and 18% (95% CI 11-24) had only atypical symptoms; 4% (95% CI -1 to 9) of asymptomatic staff also tested positive. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in four UK nursing homes was associated with very high infection and mortality rates. Many residents developed either atypical or had no discernible symptoms. A number of asymptomatic staff members also tested positive, suggesting a role for regular screening of both residents and staff in mitigating future outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32197096, "pmcid": "PMC7195406", "title": "COVID-19 in pregnant women - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Baud, David", "Giannoni, Eric", "Pomar, Leo", "Qi, Xiaolong", "Nielsen-Saines, Karin", "Musso, Didier", "Favre, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197096", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283576, "title": "Stability and Viability of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Schwartz, Kevin L", "Kim, JinHee", "Garber, Gary"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283576", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347443, "pmcid": "PMC7188520", "title": "Camostat mesilate therapy for COVID-19.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Uno, Yoshiharu"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347443", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454197, "pmcid": "PMC7245318", "title": "Letter to the Editor Regarding \"Opinion Piece: Microsurgery in COVID-19-Positive Patients\".", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Vincitorio, Francesca", "Cofano, Fabio", "Colzani, Giulia", "Titolo, Paolo", "Lavorato, Andrea", "Battiston, Bruno", "Garbossa, D"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287793, "pmcid": "PMC7131549", "title": "Race to get ready.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Le Page, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287793", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus spreads in countries other than China, no nation is fully prepared for a pandemic, reports Michael Le Page."}, {"pmid": 32362433, "pmcid": "PMC7186196", "title": "One train may hide another: Acute cardiovascular diseases could be neglected because of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Huet, Fabien", "Prieur, Cyril", "Schurtz, Guillaume", "Gerbaud, Edouard", "Manzo-Silberman, Stephane", "Vanzetto, Gerald", "Elbaz, Meyer", "Tea, Victoria", "Mercier, Gregoire", "Lattuca, Benoit", "Duflos, Claire", "Roubille, Francois"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362433", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is likely to have significant implications for the cardiovascular\u00a0care of patients. In most countries, containment has already started (on 17 March 2020 in France), and self-quarantine and social distancing are reducing viral contamination and saving lives. However, these considerations may only be the tip of the iceberg; most resources are dedicated to the struggle against COVID-19, and this unprecedented situation may compromise the management of\u00a0patients admitted with\u00a0cardiovascular\u00a0conditions. We aimed to assess the effect of COVID-19 containment measures on cardiovascular admissions in France. We asked nine major cardiology centres to give us an overview of admissions to their nine intensive cardiac care units for acute myocardial infarction or acute heart failure, before and after containment measures. Before containment (02-16 March 2020), the nine participating intensive cardiac care units admitted 4.8\u00b11.6 patients per day, versus 2.6\u00b11.5 after containment (17-22 March 2020) (rank-sum test P=0.0006). We confirm here, for the first time, a dramatic drop in the number of cardiovascular admissions after the establishment of containment. Many hypotheses might explain this phenomenon, but we feel it is time raise the alarm about the risk for patients presenting with acute cardiovascular disease, who may suffer from lack of attention, leading to severe consequences (an increase in the number of ambulatory myocardial infarctions, mechanical complications of myocardial infarction leading to an increase in the number of cardiac arrests, unexplained deaths, heart failure, etc.). Similar consequences can be feared for all acute situations, beyond the cardiovascular disease setting."}, {"pmid": 32297717, "title": "COVID-19: Humanitarian and Health Care Crisis in a Third World Country.", "journal": "J Clin Psychiatry", "authors": ["Andrade, Chittaranjan"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297717", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373347, "pmcid": "PMC7195821", "title": "The anti-influenza virus drug, arbidol is an efficient inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.", "journal": "Cell Discov", "authors": ["Wang, Xi", "Cao, Ruiyuan", "Zhang, Huanyu", "Liu, Jia", "Xu, Mingyue", "Hu, Hengrui", "Li, Yufeng", "Zhao, Lei", "Li, Wei", "Sun, Xiulian", "Yang, Xinglou", "Shi, Zhengli", "Deng, Fei", "Hu, Zhihong", "Zhong, Wu", "Wang, Manli"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373347", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320463, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Firearms in the United States: Will an Epidemic of Suicide Follow?", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Mannix, Rebekah", "Lee, Lois K", "Fleegler, Eric W"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320463", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517506, "title": "The Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic and Diabetes: An International Perspective.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Klonoff, David C"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517506", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419544, "title": "COVID 19 in neonates.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Kallem, Venkat Reddy", "Sharma, Deepak"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419544", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease 2019 started in December 2019 as an outbreak of unexplained pneumonias in Wuhan, a city in Hubei province of China. This illness emerged as an epidemic in China and later spread to almost all countries over the globe except Antarctica. This is caused by a beta Corona virus, which is genetically similar to SARS virus. The predominant mode of transmission is via droplet spread, when the infected person coughs, sneezes or talks the virus is released in the respiratory secretions. As there are only a few cases of COVID 19 in neonates, there is no convincing evidence to support the possibility of vertical transmission. Clinical presentation in neonates is nonspecific, commonly observed are temperature instability, respiratory distress, poor feeding, lethargy, vomiting and diarrhea. Laboratory examinations may be nonspecific. Definitive test for 2019-nCoV is the detection of viral nucleic acid by real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Suspected and confirmed COVID positive mothers should be delivered in separate delivery rooms and operation theaters. Since there is no approved treatment or drug for this disease, prevention of infection and breaking the chain of transmission plays a crucial role."}, {"pmid": 32427171, "pmcid": "PMC7228246", "title": "Respiratory support for adult patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open", "authors": ["Whittle, Jessica S", "Pavlov, Ivan", "Sacchetti, Alfred D", "Atwood, Charles", "Rosenberg, Mark S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427171", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is creating unique strains on the healthcare system. While only a small percentage of patients require mechanical ventilation and ICU care, the enormous size of the populations affected means that these critical resources may become limited. A number of non-invasive options exist to avert mechanical ventilation and ICU admission. This is a clinical review of these options and their applicability in adult COVID-19 patients. Summary recommendations include: (1) Avoid nebulized therapies. Consider metered dose inhaler alternatives. (2) Provide supplemental oxygen following usual treatment principles for hypoxic respiratory failure. Maintain awareness of the aerosol-generating potential of all devices, including nasal cannulas, simple face masks, and venturi masks. Use non-rebreather masks when possible. Be attentive to aerosol generation and the use of personal protective equipment. (3) High flow nasal oxygen is preferred for patients with higher oxygen support requirements. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation may be associated with higher risk of nosocomial transmission. If used, measures special precautions should be used reduce aerosol formation. (4) Early intubation/mechanical ventilation may be prudent for patients deemed likely to progress to critical illness, multi-organ failure, or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)."}, {"pmid": 32449781, "title": "Face Mask-induced Itch: A Self-questionnaire Study of 2,315 Responders During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Derm Venereol", "authors": ["Szepietowski, Jacek C", "Matusiak, Lukasz", "Szepietowska, Marta", "Krajewski, Piotr K", "Bialynicki-Birula, Rafal"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449781", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is known about itch related to the use of face masks. This internet survey study investigated the prevalence, intensity and clinical characteristics of itch related to the use of face masks by the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 2,315 replies were received, of which 2,307 were included in the final analysis. Of the respondents, 1,393 (60.4%) reported using face masks during the previous week, and, of these, 273 (19.6%) participants reported having itch. Subjects who reported sensitive skin and atopic predisposition, and those with facial dermatoses (acne, atopic dermatitis or seborrhoeic dermatitis) were at significantly higher risk of itch development. The high-est rating of itch for the whole group on the Itch Numeral Rating Scale was 4.07\u2009\u00b1\u20092.06 (itch of moderate intensity). Responders who wore masks for longer periods more frequently reported itch. Almost 30% of itchy subjects reported scratching their face without removing the mask, or after removing the mask and then scratching. Wearing face masks is linked to development of itch, and scratching can lead to incorrect use of face masks, resulting in reduced protection."}, {"pmid": 32492188, "title": "A case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an untreated HIV patient in Tokyo, Japan.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Nakamoto, Takato", "Kutsuna, Satoshi", "Yanagawa, Yasuaki", "Kanda, Kouhei", "Okuhama, Ayako", "Akiyama, Yutaro", "Miyazato, Yusuke", "Ide, Satoshi", "Nakamura, Keiji", "Yamamoto, Kei", "Ohmagari, Norio"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492188", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a 28-year-old male co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; COVID-19) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). His clinical course of the COVID-19 pneumonia improved smoothly in 9 days; however, his immune status from HIV infection was not well-controlled due to a lack of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The HIV-1 viral load decreased during the acute phase and subsequently increased in the recovery phase. Antiretroviral therapy was given a month after the twice non-detections of SARS-CoV-2 to avoid immune reconstitution syndrome (IRIS). Previous reports suggest COVID-19 do not become more severe in untreated HIV patients than non-HIV patients. However, untreated HIV patients with COVID-19 should be followed up carefully for IRIS with ART. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32321417, "pmcid": "PMC7174809", "title": "An unexpected and suspended time.", "journal": "J Headache Pain", "authors": ["Martelletti, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321417", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32023679, "title": "[First case of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children in Shanghai].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Cai, J H", "Wang, X S", "Ge, Y L", "Xia, A M", "Chang, H L", "Tian, H", "Zhu, Y X", "Wang, Q R", "Zeng, J S"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023679", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265182, "title": "Should chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine be used to treat COVID-19? A rapid review.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Gbinigie, Kome", "Frie, Kerstin"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265182", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On the 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic. To date, there are no medical treatments for COVID-19 with proven effectiveness. Novel treatments and/or vaccines will take time to be developed and distributed to patients. In light of this, there has been growing interest in the use of existing medications, such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), as potential treatments of this disease. To establish the current evidence for the effectiveness of CQ and HCQ in treating COVID-19. A rapid review of the literature was conducted. Electronic searches in PubMed and Google Scholar were conducted on 21 March 2020. A further search was conducted in Google for relevant literature on 28 March 2020. There is limited evidence of in vitro activity of CQ/HCQ against SARS-CoV-2. A number of in vivo clinical trials are underway. The empirical data available from two of these trials reveal conflicting results. Both trials are characterised by small numbers of participants (n = 30 and n = 36) and suffer methodological limitations. No medium or long-term follow-up data is available. At present, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether CQ/HCQ are safe and effective treatments for COVID-19. High quality, adequately powered randomised clinical trials in primary and secondary care settings are urgently required to guide policymakers and clinicians. These studies should report medium- and long-term follow-up results, and safety data."}, {"pmid": 32354293, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: a systematic review.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Yang, Ziyi", "Wang, Min", "Zhu, Ziyu", "Liu, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354293", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To summarize currently available evidence on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women infected with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).Material and methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, and CBMdisc were searched for studies reporting maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes of women infected with COVID-19 published from 1 January 2020 to 26 March 2020. The protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/34ZAV).Results: In total, 18 studies comprising 114 pregnant women were included in the review. Fever (87.5%) and cough (53.8%) were the most commonly reported symptoms, followed by fatigue (22.5%), diarrhea (8.8%), dyspnea (11.3%), sore throat (7.5%), and myalgia (16.3%). The majority of patients (91%) had cesarean delivery due to various indications. In terms of fetal and neonatal outcomes, stillbirth (1.2%), neonatal death (1.2%), preterm birth (21.3%), low birth weight (<2500\u2009g, 5.3%), fetal distress (10.7%), and neonatal asphyxia (1.2%) were reported. There are reports of neonatal infection, but no direct evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission has been found.Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 are similar to those of non-pregnant adults. Fetal and neonatal outcomes appear good in most cases, but available data only include pregnant women infected in their third trimesters. Further studies are needed to ascertain long-term outcomes and potential intrauterine vertical transmission."}, {"pmid": 32133129, "pmcid": "PMC7043250", "title": "Houston we have a problem: coronavirus!", "journal": "Eur J Hosp Pharm", "authors": ["Wiffen, Philip"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133129", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514605, "title": "[Management of tracheostomy patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: review of the literature and demonstration].", "journal": "HNO", "authors": ["Kempfle, J S", "Lowenheim, H", "Huebner, M J", "Iro, H", "Mueller, S K"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514605", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since emergence of the new coronavirus in China in December 2019, many countries have been struggling to control skyrocketing numbers of infections, including among healthcare personnel. It has now been clearly demonstrated that SARS-CoV\u20112 resides in the upper airways and transmits easily via aerosols and droplets, which significantly increases the risk of infection when performing upper airway procedures. Ventilated COVID-19 patients in a\u00a0critical condition in the intensive care unit may require tracheotomy for long-term ventilation and to improve weaning. However, the risk of secondary infection of medical personnel performing subsequent tracheostomy care remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of droplet dispersion during tracheostomy tube change and overview tracheostomy tube change in COVID-19 patients. The current literature was reviewed, quantitative and qualitative analyses of droplet formation during tracheostomy tube change in n\u202f=\u20098\u00a0patients were performed, and an overview of and checklist for tracheostomy tube change were compiled. This study demonstrates that tracheostomy tube change, in particular insertion of the new tube, may cause significant droplet formation. The aerosolization of particles smaller than 5\u202f\u00b5m was not analyzed. Our data, together with the current literature, clearly emphasize that tracheostomy care is associated with a\u00a0high infection risk and should only be performed by a\u00a0small group of well-trained, maximally protected healthcare personnel."}, {"pmid": 32373319, "pmcid": "PMC7182683", "title": "Tackling COVID-19: Can the African continent play the long game?", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Otu, Akaninyene", "Ebenso, Bassey", "Labonte, Ronald", "Yaya, Sanni"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373319", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379029, "title": "Understanding the Singapore COVID-19 Experience: Implications for Hospital Medicine.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Vidyarthi, Arpana R", "Bagdasarian, Natasha", "Esmaili, Armond M", "Archuleta, Sophia", "Monash, Bradley", "Sehgal, Niraj L", "Green, Adrienne", "Lim, Aymeric"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379029", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259751, "pmcid": "PMC7156132", "title": "How should we implement radiotherapy for cancer patients in China during the endemic period of COVID-19?", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Wei, Wei", "Jiang, Hao", "Chen, Weipeng", "Zhou, Yuling", "Guo, Shuanshuan", "Zhong, Guihua", "Zhou, Huaili", "Wang, Siyang", "Zhang, Hongyu", "Jiang, Wen", "Liu, Zhi-Gang"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259751", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335404, "pmcid": "PMC7175907", "title": "GIS-based spatial modeling of COVID-19 incidence rate in the continental United States.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Mollalo, Abolfazl", "Vahedi, Behzad", "Rivera, Kiara M"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335404", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the first 90\u00a0days of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States, over 675,000 confirmed cases of the disease have been reported, posing unprecedented socioeconomic burden to the country. Due to inadequate research on geographic modeling of COVID-19, we investigated county-level variations of disease incidence across the continental United States. We compiled a geodatabase of 35 environmental, socioeconomic, topographic, and demographic variables that could explain the spatial variability of disease incidence. Further, we employed spatial lag and spatial error models to investigate spatial dependence and geographically weighted regression (GWR) and multiscale GWR (MGWR) models to locally examine spatial non-stationarity. The results suggested that even though incorporating spatial autocorrelation could significantly improve the performance of the global ordinary least square model, these models still represent a significantly poor performance compared to the local models. Moreover, MGWR could explain the highest variations (adj. R2: 68.1%) with the lowest AICc compared to the others. Mapping the effects of significant explanatory variables (i.e., income inequality, median household income, the proportion of black females, and the proportion of nurse practitioners) on spatial variability of COVID-19 incidence rates using MGWR could provide useful insights to policymakers for targeted interventions."}, {"pmid": 32265540, "title": "Can the world's most influential climate report carry on?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tollefson, Jeff"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265540", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419838, "pmcid": "PMC7215134", "title": "Knowledge-based repositioning of the anti-HCV direct antiviral agent Sofosbuvir as SARS-CoV-2 treatment.", "journal": "Infect Agent Cancer", "authors": ["Buonaguro, Luigi", "Buonaguro, Franco M"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419838", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new human coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense RNA virus for which no specific drugs are currently available. A knowledge-based analysis strongly suggests a possible repositioning of the anti-HCV direct antiviral agent (DAA) Sofosbuvir as treatment for SARS-CoV-2. Indeed, the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerases (RdRp) of the two viruses show high sequence and structural homology, supporting the likelihood of binding the Sofosbuvir molecule with similar efficiency. Such a repositioning would allow the containment of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and limit the progression of disease to potentially deadly COVID19."}, {"pmid": 32363070, "pmcid": "PMC7193199", "title": "Even with COVID-19 neurosurgeons should still perform necessary urgent/emergent neurosurgery to avoid major permanent neurological deficits.", "journal": "Surg Neurol Int", "authors": ["Bamps, Sven", "Roosen, Gert", "Vanvolsem, Steven", "Wissels, Maarten", "Put, Eric", "Duyvendak, Wim", "Donkersloot, Peter", "Pazier, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363070", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271653, "title": "Salivary Glands: Potential Reservoirs for COVID-19 Asymptomatic Infection.", "journal": "J Dent Res", "authors": ["Xu, J", "Li, Y", "Gan, F", "Du, Y", "Yao, Y"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271653", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220422, "pmcid": "PMC7102561", "title": "The host's angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism may explain epidemiological findings in COVID-19 infections.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Delanghe, Joris R", "Speeckaert, Marijn M", "De Buyzere, Marc L"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220422", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526743, "title": "COVID-19-Related Stroke: Barking up the Wrong Tree?", "journal": "Eur Neurol", "authors": ["Morelli, Nicola", "Rota, Eugenia", "Terracciano, Chiara", "Immovilli, Paolo", "Spallazzi, Marco", "Colombi, Davide", "Zaino, Domenica", "Taga, Arens", "Michieletti, Emanuele", "Guidetti, Donata"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526743", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223769, "pmcid": "PMC7156561", "title": "Shelter hospital mode: how to prevent novel coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) hospital-acquired infection?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Yang, Yong", "Wang, Hailian", "Chen, Kang", "Zhou, Jun", "Deng, Shaoping", "Wang, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223769", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405839, "pmcid": "PMC7220613", "title": "[Prioritization of geriatric patients in care homes and residential homes in the context of the COVID pandemic].", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Michels, Guido", "Heppner, Hans-Jurgen"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405839", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235085, "title": "The novel zoonotic COVID-19 pandemic: An expected global health concern.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Contini, Carlo", "Di Nuzzo, Mariachiara", "Barp, Nicole", "Bonazza, Aurora", "De Giorgio, Roberto", "Tognon, Mauro", "Rubino, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235085", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "18 years ago, in 2002, the world was astonished by the appearance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), supported by a zoonotic coronavirus, called SARS-CoV, from the Guangdong Province of southern China. After about 10 years, in 2012, another similar coronavirus triggered the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia. Both caused severe pneumonia killing 774 and 858 people with 8700 cases of confirmed infection for the former, and 2494 for the latter, causing significant economic losses. 8 years later, despite the MERS outbreak remaining in certain parts of the world, at the end of 2019, a new zoonotic coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and responsible of coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), arose from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. It spread rapidly and to date has killed 3,242 persons with more than 81,000 cases of infection in China and causing over 126,000 global cases and 5,414 deaths in 166 other countries around the world, especially Italy. SARS-CoV-2 would seem to have come from a bat, but the intermediate reservoir continues to be unknown. Nonetheless, as for SARS-CoV and MERS CoV, the Spillover effect linked to animal-human promiscuity, human activities including deforestation, illegal bush-trafficking and bushmeat, cannot be excluded. Recently, however, evidence of inter-human only transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been accumulated and thus, the outbreak seems to be spreading by human-to-human transmission throughout a large part of the world. Herein we will provide with an update on the main features of COVID-19 and suggest possible solutions how to halt the expansion of this novel pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32529516, "title": "Miller Fisher syndrome diagnosis and treatment in a patient with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Neurovirol", "authors": ["Manganotti, Paolo", "Pesavento, Valentina", "Buoite Stella, Alex", "Bonzi, Lucia", "Campagnolo, Elena", "Bellavita, Giulia", "Fabris, Bruno", "Luzzati, Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529516", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case report describes the clinical characteristics of a 50-year-old woman that developed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and was admitted at the COVID-19 dedicated unit where she developed neurological symptoms 10 days after admission. After neurological examination, including a panel of blood cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, a diagnosis of Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) was hypothesized and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG) was initiated. Fourteen days after the start of IVIG treatment, the patient has been discharged at home with the resolution of respiratory symptoms and only minor hyporeflexia at the lower limbs, without any side effect."}, {"pmid": 32395226, "pmcid": "PMC7202331", "title": "Preventing spread of SARS-CoV-2 and preparing for the COVID-19 outbreak in the surgical department: perspectives from two Scandinavian countries.", "journal": "J Surg Case Rep", "authors": ["Lindeman, Robbert-Jan", "Sund, Malin", "Lofgren, Jenny", "Basso, Trude", "Soreide, Kjetil"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395226", "countries": ["Norway", "Sweden"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A COVID-19 pandemic was declared on March 11 by the World Health Organization (WHO). The first cases of COVID-19 were confirmed on January 31 in Sweden and on February 26 in Norway. Despite being similar countries with universal healthcare systems, the governmental approaches to mitigation of the epidemic have varied considerably. Norway initiated a societal lockdown effective from March 12, the same day as the first confirmed death. Sweden has initiated a more laxed and gradual strategy based on the appeal for a strong personal sense of responsibility to mitigate the viral spread. In both countries, the first weeks of preparation has seen a strong reduction in elective surgery, with several implemented principles to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 spread and prepare for surgical care for COVID-19 diseases as needed. This invited leading article gives a brief overview of some of the early experiences of the outbreak in two Scandinavian countries."}, {"pmid": 32336572, "pmcid": "PMC7161479", "title": "New type of corona virus induced acute otitis media in adult.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Fidan, Vural"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336572", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since late December 2019, a new type of coronavirus (CIVID-19) causing a cluster of respiratory infections was first identified in Wuhan-China. And it disseminated to all countries. Generally, COVID-19 cases have fever, cough, respiratory distress findings (dyspnoea, intercostal retraction, cyanosis etc.). In this paper, we have presented an adult otitis media case whom infected with COVID-19, but she have not any classical COVID-19 symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32448405, "title": "Characteristics of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at Hvidovre Hospital, March-April 2020.", "journal": "Dan Med J", "authors": ["Israelsen, Simone Bastrup", "Kristiansen, Klaus Tjelle", "Hindsberger, Bettina", "Ulrik, Charlotte Suppli", "Andersen, Ove", "Jensen, Magnus", "Andersen, Sten", "Rasmussen, Christian", "Jorgensen, Henrik L", "Ostergaard, Christian", "Lindhardt, Bjarne Orskov", "Kronborg, Gitte", "Benfield, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448405", "countries": ["Denmark"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 occurred in Denmark on 27 February 2020. On 10 March, the first case of COVID-19 pneumonia was admitted to Hvidovre Hospital. Retrospective case review of individuals 18 years or older who were admitted consecutively to Hvidovre Hospital from 10 March through 23 April 2020. A total of 175 individuals were admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia. The median age was 71 years, 48.6% were male and 71% had at least one co-morbidity. The most commonly presenting symptoms were dyspnoea, dry cough, and fever. The majority of patients had lymphopenia, elevated liver function tests and C-reactive protein. Nearly two in three presented with multilobar infiltration by chest X-ray. Respiratory failure leading to invasive mechanical ventilation developed in 27 patients (15.4%). By 20 April, 23 of 175 (13.1%) patients remained hospitalised, 43 (24.6%) had died and 109 (62.3%) had been discharged. The manifestations of COVID-19 at presentation were similar to those seen in other reports. Our population was older, slightly overrepresented by women and had a high level of co-morbidity. COVID-19 admittance was associated with frequent need of intensive care and mechanical ventilation that was associated with a very high mortality. none. not relevant."}, {"pmid": 32442490, "pmcid": "PMC7237185", "title": "What can COVID-19 teach us about responding to climate change?", "journal": "Lancet Planet Health", "authors": ["Herrero, Mario", "Thornton, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442490", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389408, "pmcid": "PMC7194564", "title": "Survey of AAHKS International Members on the Impact of COVID-19 on Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Practices.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Athey, Alexander G", "Cao, Li", "Okazaki, Ken", "Zagra, Luigi", "Castelli, Claudio C", "Kendoff, Daniel O", "Kerr, Joshua M", "Yates, Adolph J Jr", "Stambough, Jeffrey B", "Sierra, Rafael J"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389408", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses an important risk to global health. This study surveyed 370 international orthopedic surgeons affiliated with the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons to help identify the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient care. A total of 99 surgeons (27% of those surveyed) completed the questionnaire representing 32 different countries. Except for surgeons in Japan, all respondents noted that their practice had been affected to some degree and 70% of the surgeons have canceled elective procedures. More than a third of the surgeons have had to close their practices altogether and the remaining open practices were estimated to be sustainable for 7 weeks on average given their current situation. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in marked changes to the majority of international arthroplasty practices."}, {"pmid": 32246845, "pmcid": "PMC7232010", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are primarily expressed in bronchial transient secretory cells.", "journal": "EMBO J", "authors": ["Lukassen, Soeren", "Chua, Robert Lorenz", "Trefzer, Timo", "Kahn, Nicolas C", "Schneider, Marc A", "Muley, Thomas", "Winter, Hauke", "Meister, Michael", "Veith, Carmen", "Boots, Agnes W", "Hennig, Bianca P", "Kreuter, Michael", "Conrad, Christian", "Eils, Roland"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246845", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affecting the human respiratory system severely challenges public health and urgently demands for increasing our understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, especially host factors facilitating virus infection and replication. SARS-CoV-2 was reported to enter cells via binding to ACE2, followed by its priming by TMPRSS2. Here, we investigate ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression levels and their distribution across cell types in lung tissue (twelve donors, 39,778 cells) and in cells derived from subsegmental bronchial branches (four donors, 17,521 cells) by single nuclei and single cell RNA sequencing, respectively. While TMPRSS2 is strongly expressed in both tissues, in the subsegmental bronchial branches ACE2 is predominantly expressed in a transient secretory cell type. Interestingly, these transiently differentiating cells show an enrichment for pathways related to RHO GTPase function and viral processes suggesting increased vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data provide a rich resource for future investigations of COVID-19 infection and pathogenesis."}, {"pmid": 32344167, "pmcid": "PMC7182750", "title": "Umifenovir treatment is not associated with improved outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective study.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Lian, N", "Xie, H", "Lin, S", "Huang, J", "Zhao, J", "Lin, Q"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344167", "countries": ["China", "Russian Federation"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Umifenovir (Arbidol\u00ae) is an antiviral drug being used to treat influenza in Russia and China. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of umifenovir for COVID-19. A retrospective study was performed in a non-intensive care unit (ICU) ward in Jinyintan Hospital from 2 February 2020 to 20 March 2020. COVID-19 was confirmed by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of pharyngeal swab specimens. The confirmed patients were divided into the umifenovir group and the control group according to the use of umifenovir. The main outcomes were the rate of negative pharyngeal swab tests for SARS-CoV-2 within 1\u00a0week after admission and the time for the virus to turn negative. The negativity time of SARS-CoV-2 was defined as the first day of a negative test if the nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 was negative for two consecutive tests. A total of 81 COVID-19 patients were included, with 45 in the umifenovir group and 36 in the control group. Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Thirty-three out of 45 (73%) patients in the umifenovir group tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 within 7\u00a0days after admission, the number was 28/36 (78%) in the control group (p 0.19). The median time from onset of symptoms to SARS-CoV-2 turning negative was 18\u00a0days (interquartile range (IQR) 12-21) in the umifenovir group and 16\u00a0days (IQR 11-21) in the control group (p 0.42). Patients in the umifenovir group had a longer hospital stay than patients in the control group (13\u00a0days (IQR 9-17) vs 11\u00a0days (IQR 9-14), p 0.04). No deaths or severe adverse reactions were found in both groups. Umifenovir might not improve the prognosis or accelerate SARS-CoV-2 clearance in non-ICU patients. A randomized control clinical trial is needed to assess the efficacy of umifenovir."}, {"pmid": 32257774, "pmcid": "PMC7104685", "title": "Coronavirus Disease-19: The First 7,755 Cases in the Republic of Korea.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257774", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the first 7,755 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Korea as of March 12th, 2020. A total of 66 deaths have been recorded, giving a case fatality proportion of 0.9%. Older people, and those with comorbidities were at a higher risk of a fatal outcome. The highest number of cases of COVID-19 were in Daegu, followed by Gyeongbuk. This summary may help to understand the disease dynamics in the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreaks, and may therefore, guide future public health measures."}, {"pmid": 32363337, "pmcid": "PMC7194528", "title": "Severe ARDS in COVID-19-infected pregnancy: obstetric and intensive care considerations.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Schnettler, William T", "Al Ahwel, Yousef", "Suhag, Anju"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363337", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019, its infection - COVID-19 - has been associated with severe morbidity and mortality and has left world governments, healthcare systems and providers caring for vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women, wrestling with the optimal management strategy. Unique physiologic and ethical considerations negate a one-size-fits-all approach to the care of critically ill pregnant women with COVID-19, and few resources exist to guide the multi-disciplinary team through decisions regarding optimal maternal-fetal surveillance, intensive care procedures, and delivery timing. We present a case of rapid clinical decompensation and development of severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in a woman at 31 weeks' gestation to highlight these unique considerations and present an algorithmic approach to the disease's diagnosis and management."}, {"pmid": 32426855, "title": "Active implications for dermatologists in \"SARS-CoV-2 era\": Personal experience and review of literature.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Campanati, A", "Brisigotti, V", "Diotallevi, F", "D'Agostino, G M", "Paolinelli, M", "Radi, G", "Rizzetto, G", "Sapigni, C", "Tagliati, C", "Offidani, A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426855", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, from the Chinese city of Wuhan, Hubei, comes the first case of \"atypical ARDS/ interstitial pneumonia\". On February 11, 2020 the WHO officially announced the name of the emergent disease associated with new coronavirus identified as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2): COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) (1). On February 13, 72000 cases have been officially recorded in China, among which 15000 were registered in Hubei province only, with 242 deaths in a single day. After that, Chinese republic has ordered drastic containment measures for fighting SARS-CoV-2 virus spreading (1)."}, {"pmid": 32514935, "title": "Renin-angiotensin system inhibition in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Neth Heart J", "authors": ["de Vries, A A F"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514935", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II\u00a0type\u20111 receptor blockers (ARBs) are among the most widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of arterial hypertension, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. A\u00a0number of studies, mainly in animals and not involving the lungs, have indicated that these drugs can increase expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is the cell entry receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that is currently battering the globe. This has led to the hypothesis that use of ACEIs and ARBs may increase the risk of developing severe COVID-19. In this point of view paper, possible scenarios regarding the impact of ACEI/ARB pharmacotherapy on COVID-19 are discussed in relation to the currently available evidence. Although further research on the influence of blood-pressure-lowering drugs, including those not targeting the renin-angiotensin system, is warranted, there are presently no compelling clinical data showing that ACEIs and ARBs increase the likelihood of contracting COVID-19 or worsen the outcome of SARS-CoV\u20112 infections. Thus, unless contraindicated, use of ACEIs/ARBs in COVID-19 patients should be continued in line with the recent recommendations of medical societies."}, {"pmid": 32228809, "title": "Asymptomatic and Human-to-Human Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a 2-Family Cluster, Xuzhou, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Chunyang", "Ji, Fang", "Wang, Liang", "Wang, Liping", "Hao, Jungui", "Dai, Mingjia", "Liu, Yan", "Pan, Xiucheng", "Fu, Juanjuan", "Li, Li", "Yang, Guangde", "Yang, Jianye", "Yan, Xuebing", "Gu, Bing"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228809", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report epidemiologic, laboratory, and clinical findings for 7 patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease in a 2-family cluster. Our study confirms asymptomatic and human-to-human transmission through close contacts in familial and hospital settings. These findings might also serve as a practical reference for clinical diagnosis and medical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32237161, "pmcid": "PMC7228297", "title": "Is Pakistan prepared for the COVID-19 epidemic? A questionnaire-based survey.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Khan, Samea", "Khan, Mahjabeen", "Maqsood, Khizra", "Hussain, Tanveer", "Noor-Ul-Huda", "Zeeshan, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237161", "countries": ["China", "Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a pandemic that began in China in December 2019. World health organization (WHO) has expressed fears that Pakistan might emerge as the next epicenter of this pandemic. We hypothesize that at present the Pakistani masses are not prepared to face any threat of a looming epidemic. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the basic knowledge of educational and health care workers (HCWs) regarding COVID-19, its control, and prevention. Knowledge about origin, symptoms, and spread of viral infection was assessed. In this cross-sectional survey, a self-designed questionnaire was distributed among 302 HCWs including physicians (10.9%), nurses (1.32%), lab staff (1.65%), and academic individuals including faculty and students (86.42%) of different organizations. Results were analyzed using the \u03c72 test. Obtained results validate our null hypothesis that Pakistani masses are not well aware of the COVID-19 and strategies for the prevention and control of infection. The study concluded that individuals belonging to the front-line workers and high literacy groups are not prepared for the alarming situation in the country. Effectual implementation of infection control programs should be practiced, and it depends on awareness, training, and cooperation of individuals."}, {"pmid": 32275289, "title": "Joint International Collaboration to Combat Mental Health Challenges During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Psychiatry", "authors": ["Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Jin, Yu", "Cheung, Teris"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275289", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467968, "title": "Admission of patients with STEMI since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey by the European Society of Cardiology.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes", "authors": ["Pessoa-Amorim, Guilherme", "Camm, Christian F", "Gajendragadkar, Parag", "De Maria, Giovanni Luigi", "Arsac, Celine", "Laroche, Cecile", "Zamorano, Jose Luis", "Weidinger, Franz", "Achenbach, Stephan", "Maggioni, Aldo P", "Gale, Chris P", "Poppas, Athena", "Casadei, Barbara"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467968", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The paper describes the results of an ESC Covid survey."}, {"pmid": 32327608, "pmcid": "PMC7229754", "title": "Spread and dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy: Effects of emergency containment measures.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Gatto, Marino", "Bertuzzo, Enrico", "Mari, Lorenzo", "Miccoli, Stefano", "Carraro, Luca", "Casagrandi, Renato", "Rinaldo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327608", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy prompted drastic measures for transmission containment. We examine the effects of these interventions, based on modeling of the unfolding epidemic. We test modeling options of the spatially explicit type, suggested by the wave of infections spreading from the initial foci to the rest of Italy. We estimate parameters of a metacommunity Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR)-like transmission model that includes a network of 107 provinces connected by mobility at high resolution, and the critical contribution of presymptomatic and asymptomatic transmission. We estimate a generalized reproduction number ([Formula: see text] = 3.60 [3.49 to 3.84]), the spectral radius of a suitable next-generation matrix that measures the potential spread in the absence of containment interventions. The model includes the implementation of progressive restrictions after the first case confirmed in Italy (February 21, 2020) and runs until March 25, 2020. We account for uncertainty in epidemiological reporting, and time dependence of human mobility matrices and awareness-dependent exposure probabilities. We draw scenarios of different containment measures and their impact. Results suggest that the sequence of restrictions posed to mobility and human-to-human interactions have reduced transmission by 45% (42 to 49%). Averted hospitalizations are measured by running scenarios obtained by selectively relaxing the imposed restrictions and total about 200,000 individuals (as of March 25, 2020). Although a number of assumptions need to be reexamined, like age structure in social mixing patterns and in the distribution of mobility, hospitalization, and fatality, we conclude that verifiable evidence exists to support the planning of emergency measures."}, {"pmid": 32281185, "pmcid": "PMC7228254", "title": "Life in the pandemic: Some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Jackson, Debra", "Bradbury-Jones, Caroline", "Baptiste, Diana", "Gelling, Leslie", "Morin, Karen", "Neville, Stephen", "Smith, Graeme D"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281185", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323102, "pmcid": "PMC7176312", "title": "Correction to: COVID-19 pandemic: the 3R's (reduce, refine, and replace) of personal protective equipment (PPE) sustainability.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Ip, Vivian", "Ozelsel, Timur J P", "Sondekoppam, Rakesh V", "Tsui, Ban C H"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323102", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article was updated to fix a typo in the title introduced during the production process."}, {"pmid": 32253177, "title": "Seattle's covid-19 lessons are yielding hope.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Nelson, Bryn"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253177", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32204750, "title": "[Standardized management guideline for pediatric wards of hematology and oncology during the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204750", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and growing knowledge of its diagnosis and treatment, it has been clear that children are also susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The children with hematological tumors are a special population with immunosuppression and special therapeutic characteristics. Here the management guideline for pediatric wards of hematology and oncology during COVID-19 epidemic is established based on the features of children with hematological tumors."}, {"pmid": 32342925, "title": "Challenges of Covid-19 testing.", "journal": "Malays J Pathol", "authors": ["Tan, G C", "Cheong, S K"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342925", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No abstract available."}, {"pmid": 32521210, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 public health interventions on influenza incidence in Thailand.", "journal": "Pathog Glob Health", "authors": ["Suntronwong, Nungruthai", "Thongpan, Ilada", "Chuchaona, Watchaporn", "Budi Lestari, Fajar", "Vichaiwattana, Preeyaporn", "Yorsaeng, Ritthideach", "Pasittungkul, Sirapat", "Kitphati, Rungrueng", "Vongpunsawad, Sompong", "Poovorawan, Yong"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521210", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454232, "pmcid": "PMC7245277", "title": "Experience from a Singapore tertiary hospital with restructuring a vascular surgery practice in response to national and institutional policies during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Ng, Jun Jie", "Gan, Tiffany R X", "Niam, Jen Yong", "Menon, Raj K", "Ho, Pei", "Dharmaraj, Rajesh B", "Wong, Julian C L", "Choong, Andrew M T L"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454232", "countries": ["Singapore", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Singapore was one of the first countries to be affected by COVID-19, with the index patient diagnosed on 23 January 2020. For two weeks in February, we had the highest number of COVID-19 cases behind China. In this article, we summarize the key national and institutional policies that were implemented in response to COVID-19. We also describe in detail, with relevant data, how our vascular surgery practice has changed due to these policies and COVID-19. We show that with a segregated team model, the vascular surgery unit can still function whilst reducing risk of cross-contamination. We explain the various strategies adopted to reduce outpatient and inpatient volume. We provide a detailed breakdown of the type of vascular surgical cases that were performed during the COVID-19 pandemic and compared it to preceding months. We discuss our operating room and personal protective equipment protocols when managing a COVID-19 patient and share how we continue surgical training amidst the pandemic. We also discuss the challenges we might face in the future as COVID-19 regresses."}, {"pmid": 32423776, "pmcid": "PMC7228696", "title": "Time to pause, to think, and to recalibrate after COVID-19.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Pal Singh Gambhir, Raghvinder"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423776", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203710, "pmcid": "PMC7118603", "title": "Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Feng, Shuo", "Shen, Chen", "Xia, Nan", "Song, Wei", "Fan, Mengzhen", "Cowling, Benjamin J"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203710", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450754, "title": "Inappropriate Nasopharyngeal Sampling for SARS-CoV-2 Detection Is a Relevant Cause of False-Negative Reports.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Piras, Antonio", "Rizzo, Davide", "Uzzau, Sergio", "De Riu, Giacomo", "Rubino, Salvatore", "Bussu, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450754", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA on nasopharyngeal swab is the standard for diagnosing active COVID-19 disease in asymptomatic cases and in symptomatic patients without the typical radiologic findings. For the present COVID-19 outbreak in Italy, we describe 4 symptomatic patients with negative RT-PCR results at the first nasopharyngeal swab, which became positive when collected a few hours later by an otolaryngologist. All the patients showed nasal obstruction. The present report suggests that inadequate nasopharyngeal sampling performed by untrained operators in the presence of nasal obstruction can be a relevant case of false-negative findings at RT-PCR, with a clear negative impact on the efforts to contain the current outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32301767, "pmcid": "PMC7188036", "title": "The Orthopaedic Trauma Service and COVID-19 - Practice Considerations to Optimize Outcomes and Limit Exposure.", "journal": "J Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Stinner, Daniel J", "Lebrun, Christopher", "Hsu, Joseph R", "Jahangir, A Alex", "Mir, Hassan R"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301767", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433329, "pmcid": "PMC7253043", "title": "Adapting to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in New York City.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Escalon, Miguel X", "Herrera, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433329", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 has and continues to overwhelm the medical establishment in New York City. It has moved faster and had rates of mortality higher than what were initially forecast. All departments within large hospital systems have had to learn lessons and adapt in real time to the crisis. We share our experience and what we have learned as it pertains to this pandemic and hope that it aides, guides, and influences other departments of physical medicine and rehabilitation regarding their potential roles and areas of growth during this time."}, {"pmid": 32445314, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic and the Tata Memorial Centre response.", "journal": "Indian J Cancer", "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445314", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478523, "title": "Comparing the Binding Interactions in the Receptor Binding Domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV.", "journal": "J Phys Chem Lett", "authors": ["Amin, Muhamed", "Sorour, Mariam K", "Kasry, Amal"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478523", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, since emerging in Wuhan, China, has been a major concern because of its high infection rate and has left more than six million infected people around the world. Many studies endeavored to reveal the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 compared to the SARS-CoV, in order to find solutions to suppress this high infection rate. Some of these studies showed that the mutations in the SARS-CoV spike (S) protein might be responsible for its higher affinity to the ACE2 human cell receptor. In this work, we used molecular dynamics simulations and Monte Carlo sampling to compare the binding affinities of the S proteins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2. Our results show that the protein surface of the ACE2 at the receptor binding domain (RBD) exhibits negative electrostatic potential, while a positive potential is observed for the S proteins of SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the binding energies at the interface are slightly higher for SARS-CoV-2 because of enhanced electrostatic interactions. The major contributions to the electrostatic binding energies result from the salt bridges forming between R426 and ACE-2-E329 in the case of SARS-CoV and K417 and ACE2-D30 in the SARS-CoV-2. In addition, our results indicate that the enhancement in the binding energy is not due to a single mutant but rather because of the sophisticated structural changes induced by all these mutations together. This finding suggests that it is implausible for the SARS-CoV-2 to be a lab-engineered virus."}, {"pmid": 32390668, "pmcid": "PMC7197589", "title": "Social Work in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: All in This Together?", "journal": "Br J Soc Work", "authors": ["Golightley, Malcolm", "Holloway, Margaret"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390668", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426752, "pmcid": "PMC7188427", "title": "A Conceptual and Adaptable Approach to Hospital Preparedness for Acute Surge Events Due to Emerging Infectious Diseases.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Anesi, George L", "Lynch, Ylinne", "Evans, Laura"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the time this article was written, the World Health Organization had declared a global pandemic due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019, the first pandemic since 2009 H1N1 influenza A. Emerging respiratory pathogens are a common trigger of acute surge events-the extreme end of the healthcare capacity strain spectrum in which there is a dramatic increase in care demands and/or decreases in care resources that trigger deviations from normal care delivery processes, reliance on contingencies and external resources, and, in the most extreme cases, nonroutine decisions about resource allocation. This article provides as follows: 1) a conceptual introduction and approach to healthcare capacity strain including the etiologies of patient volume, patient acuity, special patient care demands, and resource reduction; 2) a framework for considering key resources during an acute surge event-the \"four Ss\" of preparedness: space (beds), staff (clinicians and operations), stuff (physical equipment), and system (coordination); and 3) an adaptable approach to and discussion of the most common domains that should be addressed during preparation for and response to acute surge events, with an eye toward combating novel respiratory viral pathogens."}, {"pmid": 32360578, "title": "Alternative Multidisciplinary Management Options for Locally Advanced NSCLC During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Global Pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Kumar, Sameera", "Chmura, Steven", "Robinson, Clifford", "Lin, Steven H", "Gadgeel, Shirish M", "Donington, Jessica", "Feliciano, Josephine", "Stinchcombe, Thomas E", "Werner-Wasik, Maria", "Edelman, Martin J", "Moghanaki, Drew"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360578", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently accelerating. Patients with locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC) may require treatment in locations where resources are limited, and the prevalence of infection is high. Patients with LA-NSCLC frequently present with comorbidities that increase the risk of severe morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. These risks may be further increased by treatments for LA-NSCLC. Although guiding data is scarce, we present an expert thoracic oncology multidisciplinary (radiation oncology, medical oncology, surgical oncology) consensus of alternative strategies for the treatment of LA-NSCLC during a pandemic. The overarching goals of these approaches are the following: (1) reduce the number of visits to a health care facility, (2) reduce the risk of exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, (3) attenuate the immunocompromising effects of lung cancer therapies, and (4) provide effective oncologic therapy. Patients with resectable disease can be treated with definitive nonoperative management if surgical resources are limited or the risks of perioperative care are high. Nonoperative options include chemotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy, and radiation therapy with sequential schedules that may or may not affect long-term outcomes in an era in which immunotherapy is available. The order of treatments may be on the basis of patient factors and clinical resources. Whenever radiation therapy is delivered without concurrent chemotherapy, hypofractionated schedules are appropriate. For patients who\u00a0are confirmed to have COVID-19, usually, cancer therapies may be withheld until symptoms have resolved with negative viral test results. The risk of severe treatment-related morbidity and mortality is increased for patients undergoing treatment for LA-NSCLC during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adapting alternative treatment strategies as quickly as possible may save lives and should be implemented through communication with the multidisciplinary cancer team."}, {"pmid": 32354253, "title": "A New Video Tumorial by Young Cancer Patients Dedicated to COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown (Re: J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol. [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2020.0008).", "journal": "J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol", "authors": ["Ferrari, Andrea", "Silva, Matteo", "Pagani Bagliacca, Elena", "Veneroni, Laura", "Signoroni, Stefano", "Massimino, Maura"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354253", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the video tutorials created a few months ago and published in the Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, Milan's Youth Project young cancer patients decided to record another video: a \"special issue\" dedicated to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The video addresses critical issues of the social isolation imposed by the lockdown and the fear the patients face in addition to their actual worries related to the disease. When many people across the world are forced to social distance for the imposed lockdown, the positive attitude and the advice of young cancer patients who experience social isolation regularly may be of great support and a fine example."}, {"pmid": 32233055, "title": "Lest we forget.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Halazun, Karim J", "Rosenblatt, Russell"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233055", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) pandemic has caused shockwaves throughout the US healthcare system. Nowhere has coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) caused more infections than in New York, where there have been over 26,500 infections. Resources have been appropriately allocated towards combating this outbreak, but where does this leave patients with severe non-COVID-19 diseases? Herein we provide the views of a liver transplant surgeon and transplant hepatologist in New York."}, {"pmid": 32314810, "pmcid": "PMC7264598", "title": "Central nervous system involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto", "Bryce, Clare", "Grimes, Zachary", "Gordon, Ronald E", "Reidy, Jason", "Lednicky, John", "Sordillo, Emilia Mia", "Fowkes, Mary"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314810", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neurologic sequelae can be devastating complications of respiratory viral infections. We report the presence of virus in neural and capillary endothelial cells in frontal lobe tissue obtained at postmortem examination from a patient infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our observations of virus in neural tissue, in conjunction with clinical correlates of worsening neurologic symptoms, pave the way to a closer understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying central nervous system involvement by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32487283, "title": "Effect of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, South Korea, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ryu, Sukhyun", "Ali, Seikh Taslim", "Jang, Cheolsun", "Kim, Baekjin", "Cowling, Benjamin J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487283", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analyzed transmission of coronavirus disease outside of the Daegu-Gyeongsangbuk provincial region in South Korea. We estimated that nonpharmaceutical measures reduced transmissibility by a maximum of 34% without resorting to a strict lockdown strategy. To optimize epidemic control, continuous efforts to monitor the transmissibility are needed."}, {"pmid": 32337201, "pmcid": "PMC7176616", "title": "Atypical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report.", "journal": "World J Clin Cases", "authors": ["Li, Rui-Lin", "Chu, Shu-Guang", "Luo, Yu", "Huang, Zhen-Hao", "Hao, Ying", "Fan, Cheng-Hui"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337201", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of pneumonia subsequently attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province on December 8, 2019. The symptoms included fever, coughing, and breathing difficulties. A few patients with this infection may only have atypical symptoms, which could lead to a misdiagnosis and subsequently further facilitate the spread of the virus. A 74-year-old female patient complained of severe diarrhea. She did not have fever, coughing, or breathing difficulties. A physical examination revealed no obvious positive signs. The patient had been hypertensive for more than 10 years. Her blood pressure was well controlled. On January 9, 2020, the patient's son visited a colleague who was later confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 and his first close contact with our patient was on January 17. The patient was first diagnosed with gastrointestinal dysfunction. However, considering her indirect contact with a SARS-CoV-2-infected individual, we suggested that an atypical pneumonia virus infection should be ruled out. A computed tomography scan was performed on January 26, and showed ground-glass nodules scattered along the two lungs, suggestive of viral pneumonia. Given the clinical characteristics, epidemiological history, and examination, the patient was diagnosed with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Our patient had atypical symptoms of COVID-19. Careful acquisition of an epidemiological history is necessary to make a correct diagnosis and strategize a treatment plan."}, {"pmid": 32301099, "pmcid": "PMC7161094", "title": "Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children compared with adults in Shandong Province, China.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Du, Wenjun", "Yu, Jinhong", "Wang, Hui", "Zhang, Xiaoguo", "Zhang, Shouwei", "Li, Qiang", "Zhang, Zhongfa"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301099", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak spread in China and is a threat to the world. We reported on the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of children cases to help health workers better understand and provide timely diagnosis and treatment. Retrospectively, two research centers' case series of 67 consecutive hospitalized cases including 53 adult and 14 children cases with COVID-19 between 23 Jan 2020 and 15 Feb 2020 from Jinan and Rizhao were enrolled in this study. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of children and adults were analyzed and compared. Most cases in children were mild (21.4%) and conventional cases (78.6%), with mild clinical signs and symptoms, and all cases were of family clusters. Fever (35.7%) and dry cough (21.4%) were described as clinical manifestations in children cases. Dry cough and phlegm were not the most common symptoms in children compared with adults (p\u2009=\u20090.03). In the early stages of the disease, lymphocyte counts did not significantly decline but neutrophils count did in children compared with adults (p\u2009=\u20090.02). There was a lower level of CRP (p\u2009=\u20090.00) in children compared with adults. There were 8 (57.1%) asymptomatic cases and 6 (42.9%) symptomatic cases among the 14 children cases. The age of asymptomatic patients was younger than that of symptomatic patients (p\u2009=\u20090.03). Even among asymptomatic patients, 5 (62.5%) cases had lung injuries including 3 (60%) cases with bilateral involvement, which was not different compared with that of symptomatic cases (p\u2009=\u20090.58, p\u2009=\u20090.74). The clinical symptoms of children are mild, there is substantial lung injury even among children, but that there is less clinical disease, perhaps because of a less pronounced inflammatory response, and that the occurrence of this pattern appears to inversely correlate with age."}, {"pmid": 32286790, "pmcid": "PMC7163933", "title": "Computational Design of ACE2-Based Peptide Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Han, Yanxiao", "Kral, Petr"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286790", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Peptide inhibitors against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, currently causing a worldwide pandemic, are designed and simulated. The inhibitors are mostly formed by two sequential self-supporting \u03b1-helices (bundle) extracted from the protease domain (PD) of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which bind to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domains. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the \u03b1-helical peptides maintain their secondary structure and provide a highly specific and stable binding (blocking) to SARS-CoV-2. To provide a multivalent binding to the SARS-CoV-2 receptors, many such peptides could be attached to the surfaces of nanoparticle carriers. The proposed peptide inhibitors could provide simple and efficient therapeutics against the COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32199468, "pmcid": "PMC7104000", "title": "Use of antiviral drugs to reduce COVID-19 transmission.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Mitja, Oriol", "Clotet, Bonaventura"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199468", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334183, "pmcid": "PMC7165286", "title": "Rapid point-of-care testing for SARS-CoV-2 in a community screening setting shows low sensitivity.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Dohla, M", "Boesecke, C", "Schulte, B", "Diegmann, C", "Sib, E", "Richter, E", "Eschbach-Bludau, M", "Aldabbagh, S", "Marx, B", "Eis-Hubinger, A-M", "Schmithausen, R M", "Streeck, H"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334183", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the current SARS-CoV2 outbreak, countless tests need to be performed on potential symptomatic individuals, contacts and travellers. The gold standard is a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based system taking several hours to confirm positivity. For effective public health containment measures, this time span is too long. We therefore evaluated a rapid test in a high-prevalence community setting. Thirty-nine randomly selected individuals at a COVID-19 screening centre were simultaneously tested via qPCR and a rapid test. Ten previously diagnosed individuals with known SARS-CoV-2 infection were also analysed. The evaluated rapid test is an IgG/IgM-based test for SARS-CoV-2 with a time to result of 20\u00a0min. Two drops of blood are needed for the test performance. Of 49 individuals, 22 tested positive by repeated qPCR. In contrast, the rapid test detected only eight of those positive correctly (sensitivity: 36.4%). Of the 27 qPCR-negative individuals, 24 were detected correctly (specificity: 88.9%). Given the low sensitivity, we recommend not to rely on an antibody-based rapid test for public health measures such as community screenings."}, {"pmid": 32514620, "title": "Need for ensuring care for neuro-emergencies-lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Hecht, Nils", "Wessels, Lars", "Werft, Finn-Ove", "Schneider, Ulf C", "Czabanka, Marcus", "Vajkoczy, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514620", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate whether patients with critical emergency conditions are seeking or receiving the medical care that they require, we characterized the reality of care for patients presenting with neuro-emergencies during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this observational, longitudinal cohort study, all neurosurgical admissions that presented to our department between February 1 and April 15 during the COVID-19 pandemic and during the same time period in 2019 were identified and categorized according to the presence of a neuro-emergency, the route of admission, management, and the category of disease. Further, the clinical course of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) was investigated representatively for severe vascular and semi-urgent traumatic conditions that present with a wide variety of symptoms. During the pandemic, the percentage of neuro-emergencies among all neurosurgical admissions remained similar but a larger proportion presented through the emergency department than through the outpatient clinic or by referral (*p\u2009=\u20090.009). The total number of neuro-emergencies was significantly reduced (*p\u2009=\u20090.0007) across all types of disease, particularly in vascular (*p\u2009=\u20090.036) but also in spinal (*p\u2009=\u20090.007) and hydrocephalus (*p\u2009=\u20090.048) emergencies. Patients with spinal emergencies presented 48\u00a0h later (*p\u2009=\u20090.001) despite comparable symptom severity. For aSAH, the number of cases, aSAH grade, aneurysm localization, and treatment modality did not change but strikingly, elderly patients with cSDH presented less frequently, with more severe symptoms (*p\u2009=\u20090.046), and were less likely to reach favorable outcome (*p\u2009=\u20090.003) at discharge compared with previous years. Despite pandemic-related restrictive measures and reallocation of resources, patients with neuro-emergencies should be encouraged to present regardless of the severity of symptoms because deferred presentation may result in adverse outcome. Thus, conservation of critical healthcare resources remains essential in spite of fighting COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32295460, "title": "Oculoplastic surgery practice during the COVID-19 novel coronavirus pandemic: experience sharing from Hong Kong.", "journal": "Orbit", "authors": ["Mak, Shiu Ting", "Yuen, Hunter Kl"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295460", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, all parts of the world are hit hard by COVID-19. The first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the territory of Hong Kong was announced on January 23, 2020. Since then, oculoplastic surgeons in Hong Kong have been taking every measure to protect all healthcare workers and patients from contracting the disease. This paper aims to share the experiences of and measures taken by local oculoplastic surgeons in combating COVID-19. Three main aspects are discussed, namely clinical, administrative, and training and educational. We hope our experiences would provide reference to fellow oculoplastic colleagues in other parts of the world in fighting this COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32391441, "pmcid": "PMC7203075", "title": "Coordinated multi-sectoral efforts needed to address the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from China and the United States.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Chen, Zhuo", "Cao, Cong", "Yang, Gonghuan"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391441", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused staggering human and economic costs. We outline four key lessons learned from efforts to address the pandemic in China and the US. First, effective surveillance, reporting, and contact tracing are needed to contain an epidemic at its emergence and to mitigate its impact at a later stage. Second, multi-sectoral efforts to offer incentives for those with no or minor symptoms to seek care and to quarantine themselves are critical, which would need concerted efforts from payers, providers, and public health. Third, sustained and routine prevention efforts involving both the public and the health systems will prove to be useful in times of a pandemic. Fourth, a strong public health system is essential and will be appreciated at times of urgency. Concerted multi-sectoral efforts are required to address COVID-19 pandemic with strong leadership from the public health sector."}, {"pmid": 32526960, "title": "Immunoinformatics and Structural Analysis for Identification of Immunodominant Epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 as Potential Vaccine Targets.", "journal": "Vaccines (Basel)", "authors": ["Mukherjee, Sumit", "Tworowski, Dmitry", "Detroja, Rajesh", "Mukherjee, Sunanda Biswas", "Frenkel-Morgenstern, Milana"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526960", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, has recently emerged, and has caused a global pandemic along with an international public health emergency. Currently, no licensed vaccines are available for COVID-19. The identification of immunodominant epitopes for both B- and T-cells that induce protective responses in the host is crucial for effective vaccine design. Computational prediction of potential epitopes might significantly reduce the time required to screen peptide libraries as part of emergent vaccine design. In our present study, we used an extensive immunoinformatics-based approach to predict conserved immunodominant epitopes from the proteome of SARS-CoV-2. Regions from SARS-CoV-2 protein sequences were defined as immunodominant, based on the following three criteria regarding B- and T-cell epitopes: (i) they were both mapped, (ii) they predicted protective antigens, and (iii) they were completely identical to experimentally validated epitopes of SARS-CoV. Further, structural and molecular docking analyses were performed in order to understand the binding interactions of the identified immunodominant epitopes with human major histocompatibility complexes (MHC). Our study provides a set of potential immunodominant epitopes that could enable the generation of both antibody- and cell-mediated immunity. This could contribute to developing peptide vaccine-based adaptive immunotherapy against SARS-CoV-2 infections and prevent future pandemic outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32220575, "pmcid": "PMC7104202", "title": "Telemedicine in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Portnoy, Jay", "Waller, Morgan", "Elliott, Tania"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220575", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344303, "pmcid": "PMC7177061", "title": "Oxytocin as a potential defence against Covid-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Soumier, Amelie", "Sirigu, Angela"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344303", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466830, "pmcid": "PMC7198154", "title": "Knowledge of Latin American gastroenterologists and endoscopists regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Rev Gastroenterol Mex", "authors": ["Ruiz-Manriquez, J", "Leon-Lara, X", "Campos-Murguia, A", "Solis-Ortega, A A", "Perez-Gonzalez, B", "Uscanga, L F", "Pelaez-Luna, M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466830", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic, the number of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has increased exponentially, and gastroenterologists and other specialists most likely will be involved in the care of those patients. To evaluate the knowledge Latin American gastroenterologists and endoscopists (staff physicians and residents) have about the characteristics of COVID-19, as well as the prevention measures to be taken during endoscopic procedures. We conducted a cross-sectional study that included gastroenterologists and endoscopists from 9 Latin American countries. An electronic questionnaire was applied that was designed to evaluate the knowledge of symptoms, risk groups for severe disease, prevention measures, and the reprocessing of endoscopes utilized in patients with COVID-19. Information was obtained from 133 physicians. Ninety-five percent of them correctly identified the most frequent symptoms of the virus, and 60% identified the 3 risk groups for severe disease. Sixty-six percent of those surveyed did not consider it necessary to use standard precautions during endoscopic procedures, and 30% did not consider contact precautions necessary. Forty-eight percent of the participants surveyed were not familiar with the protocol for reprocessing the endoscopes utilized in patients with COVID-19. The majority of the gastroenterologists and endoscopists surveyed were familiar with the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 and the populations at risk for complications. There was a lack of knowledge about prevention measures (during clinical care and endoscopic procedures) and the reprocessing of endoscopic equipment by 70% and 48%, respectively, of those surveyed. Dissemination and teaching strategies that increase the knowledge of specific biosafety measures must be carried out."}, {"pmid": 32377677, "pmcid": "PMC7239238", "title": "COVID-19 in Older People: A Rapid Clinical Review.", "journal": "Age Ageing", "authors": ["Lithander, Fiona E", "Neumann, Sandra", "Tenison, Emma", "Lloyd, Katherine", "Welsh, Tomas J", "Rodrigues, Jonathan C L", "Higgins, Julian P T", "Scourfield, Lily", "Christensen, Hannah", "Haunton, Victoria J", "Henderson, Emily J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377677", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic poses a high risk to older people. The aim of this paper is to provide a rapid overview of the COVID-19 literature, with a specific focus on older adults. We frame our findings within an overview of the disease and have also evaluated the inclusion of older people within forthcoming clinical trials. We searched PubMed and bioRxiv/medRxiv to identify English language papers describing the testing, treatment and prognosis of COVID-19. PubMed and bioRxiv/medRxiv searches took place on 20th and 24th March 2020, respectively. Screening of over 1100 peer-reviewed and pre-print papers yielded n\u2009=\u200922 on COVID-19 testing, n\u2009=\u200915 on treatment and n\u2009=\u200913 on prognosis. Viral-PCR and serology are the mainstays of testing but a positive diagnosis may be increasingly supported by radiological findings. The current evidence for the effectiveness of antiviral, corticosteroid and immunotherapies is inconclusive, although trial data are largely based on younger people. In addition to age, male gender and comorbidities, specific laboratory and radiology findings are important prognostic factors. Evidence suggests social distancing policies could have important negative consequences, particularly if in place for an extended period. Given the established association between increasing age and poor prognosis in COVID-19, we anticipate that this rapid review of the current and emergent evidence might form a basis on which future work can be established. Exclusion of older people, particularly those with comorbidities, from clinical trials is well recognised and is potentially being perpetuated in the field of current COVID-19 research."}, {"pmid": 32457528, "title": "National COVID numbers - Benford's law looks for errors.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Sambridge, Malcolm", "Jackson, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457528", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429517, "title": "Distribution of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and Its Monthly Forecast Based on Seasonal Climate Patterns.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Scafetta, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429517", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Germany", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Russian Federation", "Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper investigates whether the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic could have been favored by specific weather conditions and other factors. It is found that the 2020 winter weather in the region of Wuhan (Hubei, Central China)-where the virus first broke out in December and spread widely from January to February 2020-was strikingly similar to that of the Northern Italian provinces of Milan, Brescia and Bergamo, where the pandemic broke out from February to March. The statistical analysis was extended to cover the United States of America, which overtook Italy and China as the country with the highest number of confirmed COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) cases, and then to the entire world. The found correlation patterns suggest that the COVID-19 lethality significantly worsens (4 times on average) under weather temperatures between 4 \u2218 C and 12 \u2218 C and relative humidity between 60% and 80%. Possible co-factors such as median population age and air pollution were also investigated suggesting an important influence of the former but not of the latter, at least, on a synoptic scale. Based on these results, specific isotherm world maps were generated to locate, month by month, the world regions that share similar temperature ranges. From February to March, the 4-12 \u2218 C isotherm zone extended mostly from Central China toward Iran, Turkey, West-Mediterranean Europe (Italy, Spain and France) up to the United State of America, optimally coinciding with the geographic regions most affected by the pandemic from February to March. It is predicted that in the spring, as the weather gets warm, the pandemic will likely worsen in northern regions (United Kingdom, Germany, East Europe, Russia and North America) while the situation will likely improve in the southern regions (Italy and Spain). However, in autumn, the pandemic could come back and affect the same regions again. The Tropical Zone and the entire Southern Hemisphere, but in restricted colder southern regions, could avoid a strong pandemic because of the sufficiently warm weather during the entire year and because of the lower median age of their population. Google-Earth-Pro interactive-maps covering the entire world are provided as supplementary files."}, {"pmid": 32498262, "title": "Outcomes of COVID-19 among Patients on In-Center Hemodialysis: An Experience from the Epicenter in South Korea.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Jung, Hee-Yeon", "Lim, Jeong-Hoon", "Kang, Seok Hui", "Kim, Seong Gyu", "Lee, Yong-Hoon", "Lee, Jaehee", "Chang, Hyun-Ha", "Kim, Shin-Woo", "Choi, Ji-Young", "Cho, Jang-Hee", "Kim, Chan-Duck", "Kim, Yong-Lim", "Park, Sun-Hee"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498262", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) or who are on hemodialysis (HD) could have increased susceptibility to the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) given their pre-existing comorbidities, older age, compromised immune system, and regular visits to populated outpatient dialysis centers. This study included 14 consecutive patients on HD or with advanced CKD who initiated HD after being diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February to April 2020 in hospitals throughout Daegu, South Korea. The included patients, 42.9% of whom were men, had a mean age of 63.5 years. Four patients had a history of contact with a patient suffering from COVID-19. The most common symptom was cough (50.0%), followed by dyspnea (35.7%). The mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis and admission was 2.6 and 3.5 days, respectively. Patients exhibited lymphopenia and elevated inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein and ferritin. Chest radiography findings showed pulmonary infiltration in 10 patients. All patients underwent regular HD in a negative pressure room and received antiviral agents. Four patients received mechanical ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy at a median duration of 14.0 and 8.5 days, respectively. One patient underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for three days. Among the 14 patients included, two died due to acute respiratory distress syndrome, nine were discharged from the hospital, and three remained hospitalized. Despite the high-risk conditions associated with worse outcomes, patients on HD did not exhibit extremely poor overall COVID-19 outcomes perhaps due to early diagnosis, prompt hospitalization, and antiviral therapy."}, {"pmid": 32278018, "pmcid": "PMC7141642", "title": "Cardiovascular risks of hydroxychloroquine in treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 patients: A scientific statement from the Indian Heart Rhythm Society.", "journal": "Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J", "authors": ["Kapoor, Aditya", "Pandurangi, Ulhas", "Arora, Vanita", "Gupta, Anoop", "Jaswal, Aparna", "Nabar, Ashish", "Naik, Ajay", "Naik, Nitish", "Namboodiri, Narayanan", "Vora, Amit", "Yadav, Rakesh", "Saxena, Anil"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278018", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484450, "title": "Urinalysis parameters for predicting severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Bonetti, Graziella", "Manelli, Filippo", "Bettinardi, Alessandra", "Borrelli, Gianluca", "Fiordalisi, Gianfranco", "Marino, Antonio", "Menolfi, Annamaria", "Saggini, Sara", "Volpi, Roberta", "Adamini, Riccardo", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484450", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425733, "pmcid": "PMC7229963", "title": "\"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gastroenterology Divisions in Italy: a national survey\".", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Maida, M", "Sferrazza, S", "Savarino, E", "Ricciardiello, L", "Repici, A", "Morisco, F", "Furnari, M", "Fuccio, L", "Morreale, G C", "Vitello, A", "Burra, P", "Marchi, S", "Annibale, B", "Benedetti, A", "Alvaro, D", "Ianiro, G"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425733", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Italy, the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has stressed the entire healthcare system and required a huge re-organization of many Divisions, including those of Gastroenterology. to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Gastroenterology Divisions across Italy. All members of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE) were invited to answer a web-based survey. Data of 121 hospitals from all 20 Italian regions were analyzed. Overall, 10.7% Gastroenterology Divisions have been converted to Covid Units. Outpatients consultations, endoscopic and ultrasound procedures were limited to urgencies and oncology indications in 85.1%, 96.2% and 72.2% of Units, respectively, and 46.7% of them suspended the screening for colorectal cancer.Moreover, 72.2% of the staff received a training for use of personal protective equipment, although 45.5% did not have sufficient devices for adequate replacement. Overall, 132 healthcare workers in 41 Gastroenterology Divisions were found to be infected. This is the first study to evaluate, at a country level, the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on Gastroenterology Divisions. Substantial changes of practice and reduction of procedures have been recorded in the entire country. The long-term impact of such modifications is difficult to estimate but potentially very risky for many digestive diseases."}, {"pmid": 32533071, "title": "Ivermectin: a systematic review from antiviral effects to COVID-19 complementary regimen.", "journal": "J Antibiot (Tokyo)", "authors": ["Heidary, Fatemeh", "Gharebaghi, Reza"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533071", "countries": ["Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ivermectin proposes many potentials effects to treat a range of diseases, with its antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-cancer properties as a wonder drug. It is highly effective against many microorganisms including some viruses. In this comprehensive systematic review, antiviral effects of ivermectin are summarized including in vitro and in vivo studies over the past 50 years. Several studies reported antiviral effects of ivermectin on RNA viruses such as Zika, dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, Hendra, Newcastle, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, chikungunya, Semliki Forest, Sindbis, Avian influenza A, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Furthermore, there are some studies showing antiviral effects of ivermectin against DNA viruses such as Equine herpes type 1, BK polyomavirus, pseudorabies, porcine circovirus 2, and bovine herpesvirus 1. Ivermectin plays a role in several biological mechanisms, therefore it could serve as a potential candidate in the treatment of a wide range of viruses including COVID-19 as well as other types of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. In vivo studies of animal models revealed a broad range of antiviral effects of ivermectin, however, clinical trials are necessary to appraise the potential efficacy of ivermectin in clinical setting."}, {"pmid": 32460532, "title": "Cardiology practice in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Monsuez, Jean-Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460532", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512051, "title": "Novel Educational Responses to COVID-19: What is Here to Stay?", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Pitt, Michael B", "Li, Su-Ting Terry", "Klein, Melissa"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512051", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442961, "title": "[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on heart failure hospitalizations].", "journal": "Medicina (B Aires)", "authors": ["Burgos, Lucrecia M", "Diez, Mirta", "Villalba, Lorena", "Miranda, Rita M", "Belardi, Jorge"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442961", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314685, "pmcid": "PMC7253094", "title": "Case Report: The First Case of COVID-19 in Bhutan.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["LeVine, Shankar", "Dhakal, Guru Prasad", "Penjor, Tshering", "Chuki, Pem", "Namgyal, Kesang", "Tshokey", "Watts, Melanie"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314685", "countries": ["United States", "Bhutan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The initial cases of novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in a country are of utmost importance given their impact on healthcare providers, the country's preparedness response, and the initial molding of the public perception toward this pandemic. In Bhutan, the index case was a 76-year-old immunocompromised man who had traveled from the United States and entered Bhutan as a tourist. He presented initially with vague gastrointerestinal symptoms and later a cough. His atypical presentation led to a delay in diagnosis, but ultimately he was isolated and tested. On confirming the diagnosis of COVID-19, the patient was isolated in a separate hospital with a dedicated medical care team. All contacts were traced and quarantined. The patient's respiratory status deteriorated despite broad-spectrum antivirals, antibiotics, and intensive supportive care. He required intubation and was given a trial of intravenous immunoglobulin to modulate his likely aberrant immune response. Subsequently, the patient's clinical status improved, and after 8 days of hospitalization, he was transferred out of the country, where he recovered. This was a learning experience for the treating medical staff, the government, and the people of Bhutan."}, {"pmid": 32240913, "pmcid": "PMC7102649", "title": "High-resolution computed tomography manifestations of COVID-19 infections in patients of different ages.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Chen, Zuhua", "Fan, Hongjie", "Cai, Jian", "Li, Yunjiang", "Wu, Baoliang", "Hou, Yanchun", "Xu, Shufeng", "Zhou, Fei", "Liu, Yongguang", "Xuan, Weiling", "Hu, Hongjie", "Sun, Jihong"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240913", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to compare chest HRCT lung signs identified in scans of differently aged patients with COVID-19 infections. Case data of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province in China were collected, and chest HRCT signs of infected patients in four age groups (<18 years, 18-44 years, 45-59 years, \u226560 years) were compared. Small patchy, ground-glass opacity (GGO), and consolidations were the main HRCT signs in 98 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infections. Patients aged 45-59 years and aged \u226560 years had more bilateral lung, lung lobe, and lung field involvement, and greater lesion numbers than patients <18 years. GGO accompanied with the interlobular septa thickening or a crazy-paving pattern, consolidation, and air bronchogram sign were more common in patients aged 45-59 years, and \u226560 years, than in those aged <18 years, and aged 18-44 years. Chest HRCT manifestations in patients with COVID-19 are related to patient's age, and HRCT signs may be milder in younger patients."}, {"pmid": 32298807, "pmcid": "PMC7194685", "title": "Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Biol Blood Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Bachanova, Veronika", "Bishop, Michael R", "Dahi, Parastoo", "Dholaria, Bhagirathbhai", "Grupp, Stephan A", "Hayes-Lattin, Brandon", "Janakiram, Murali", "Maziarz, Richard T", "McGuirk, Joseph P", "Nastoupil, Loretta J", "Oluwole, Olalekan O", "Perales, Miguel-Angel", "Porter, David L", "Riedell, Peter A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298807", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the delivery of cellular therapeutics, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. This impact has extended beyond patient care to include logistics, administration, and distribution of increasingly limited health care resources. Based on the collective experience of the CAR T-cell Consortium investigators, we review and address several questions and concerns regarding cellular therapy administration in the setting of COVID-19 and make general recommendations to address these issues. Specifically, we address (1) necessary resources for safe administration of cell therapies; (2) determinants of cell therapy utilization; (3) selection among patients with B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; (4) supportive measures during cell therapy administration; (5) use and prioritization of tocilizumab; and (6) collaborative care with referring physicians. These recommendations were carefully formulated with the understanding that resource allocation is of the utmost importance, and that the decision to proceed with CAR T cell therapy will require extensive discussion of potential risks and benefits. Although these recommendations are fluid, at this time it is our opinion that the COVID-19 pandemic should not serve as reason to defer CAR T cell therapy for patients truly in need of a potentially curative therapy."}, {"pmid": 32353629, "pmcid": "PMC7185007", "title": "More data are required for incubation period, infectivity, and quarantine duration for COVID-19.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cimolai, Nevio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353629", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375560, "title": "SARS-CoV-2-Induced Immune Dysregulation and Myocardial Injury Risk in China: Insights from the ERS-COVID-19 Study.", "journal": "Circ Res", "authors": ["Li, Dongze", "Chen, You", "Jia, Yu", "Tong, Le", "Tong, Jiale", "Wang, Wei", "Liu, Yanmei", "Wan, Zhi", "Cao, Yu", "Zeng, Rui"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375560", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224303, "pmcid": "PMC7118598", "title": "Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Liu, Jia Jia", "Bao, Yanping", "Huang, Xiaolin", "Shi, Jie", "Lu, Lin"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224303", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271605, "title": "Evaluation of the Level of Anxiety among Iranian Multiple Sclerosis Fellowships During the Outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271605", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227494, "title": "Caution should be exercised for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, especially in the elderly.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yuan, Yajun", "Wang, Nan", "Ou, Xueqing"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227494", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan, China and presented a major threat to public health. Nationwide, there were more than 70\u2009000 confirmed cases and 2500 deaths. Most patients were elderly, with severe disease. For acute respiratory infection, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is routinely used to detect causative viruses in respiratory secretions. Coronavirus RNA can be detected from nose and throat swabs, sputum and other lower respiratory tract secretions, blood, and feces. Such specimens were examined by RT-PCR. Three targets, RdRP, E, and N genes were detected, indicating samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2. After patient recovery, a chest computed tomography examination, combined with SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection, confirmed diagnosis. However, some recovery patients with negative RNA tests turned RNA positive. The preliminary data is about 14% of discharged patients in Guangdong reported by the Guangdong Center for Disease Control (CDC). This is an important scientific issue. If samples are positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, patients should be managed according to infection source. Fortunately, there were no close contacts of second-generation cases. We herein report six SARS-CoV-2 cases confirmed in our hospital, for the changes of results of SARS-CoV-2 RNA should attract attention. Most patients were elderly, with a low Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI). However, the association of the phenomenon with aging and GNRI has not yet been reported in detail. Further investigations are necessary to confirm and improve these findings. Similarly, discharged patient follow-up should be strengthened."}, {"pmid": 32426557, "pmcid": "PMC7233204", "title": "The Florida Radiation Oncology Resident Experience during Coronavirus-19: Perspectives and Recommendations.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Mohammadi, Homan", "De Leo, Alexandra N", "Asher, David", "Malouff, Timothy D", "Waddle, Mark R", "Figura, Nicholas B", "Patel, Nirav V", "Bates, James E", "Parekh, Akash D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426557", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485236, "pmcid": "PMC7260495", "title": "Options for Personal Protective Equipment During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Used in New Orleans, Louisiana.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Carlson, John C"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485236", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487319, "pmcid": "PMC7261101", "title": "Anesthesiology and the Anesthesiologists at COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Ferrando, C", "Colomina, M J", "Errando, C L", "Llau, J V"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487319", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145766, "pmcid": "PMC7128408", "title": "Taking the right measures to control COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xiao, Yonghong", "Torok, Mili Estee"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265205, "title": "Covid-19: doctors still do not have #properPPE.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265205", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492326, "title": "Audio Interview: Diagnosis and Early Treatment of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492326", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287140, "pmcid": "PMC7172492", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Digestive Symptoms in Hubei, China: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Pan, Lei", "Mu, Mi", "Yang, Pengcheng", "Sun, Yu", "Wang, Runsheng", "Yan, Junhong", "Li, Pibao", "Hu, Baoguang", "Wang, Jing", "Hu, Chao", "Jin, Yuan", "Niu, Xun", "Ping, Rongyu", "Du, Yingzhen", "Li, Tianzhi", "Xu, Guogang", "Hu, Qinyong", "Tu, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287140", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, various digestive symptoms have been frequently reported in patients infected with the virus. In this study, we aimed to further investigate the prevalence and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms. In this descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, we enrolled confirmed patients with COVID-19 who presented to 3 hospitals from January 18, 2020, to February 28, 2020. All patients were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and were analyzed for clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and treatment. Data were followed up until March 18, 2020. In the present study, 204 patients with COVID-19 and full laboratory, imaging, and historical data were analyzed. The average age was 52.9 years (SD \u00b1 16), including 107 men and 97 women. Although most patients presented to the hospital with fever or respiratory symptoms, we found that 103 patients (50.5%) reported a digestive symptom, including lack of appetite (81 [78.6%] cases), diarrhea (35 [34%] cases), vomiting (4 [3.9%] cases), and abdominal pain (2 [1.9%] cases). If lack of appetite is excluded from the analysis (because it is less specific for the gastrointestinal tract), there were 38 total cases (18.6%) where patients presented with a gastrointestinal-specific symptom, including diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain. Patients with digestive symptoms had a significantly longer time from onset to admission than patients without digestive symptoms (9.0 days vs 7.3 days). In 6 cases, there were digestive symptoms, but no respiratory symptoms. As the severity of the disease increased, digestive symptoms became more pronounced. Patients with digestive symptoms had higher mean liver enzyme levels, lower monocyte count, longer prothrombin time, and received more antimicrobial treatment than those without digestive symptoms. We found that digestive symptoms are common in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, these patients have a longer time from onset to admission, evidence of longer coagulation, and higher liver enzyme levels. Clinicians should recognize that digestive symptoms, such as diarrhea, are commonly among the presenting features of COVID-19 and that the index of suspicion may need to be raised earlier in at-risk patients presenting with digestive symptoms. However, further large sample studies are needed to confirm these findings."}, {"pmid": 32456878, "pmcid": "PMC7211668", "title": "[Skin lesions in a patient with SARS-COV-2 infection].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Ortiz Madinaveitia, Saturnino", "Penalver Penedo, Rafael", "Romero Gil, Ruth", "Serrano Madrid, Maria Luisa"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456878", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336625, "pmcid": "PMC7172677", "title": "Coronavirus outbreak: Reorganising the breast unit during a pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Joseph, Anokha O", "Joseph, Janso P", "Pereira, Bernadette", "Gahir, Jasdeep"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336625", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399694, "pmcid": "PMC7216124", "title": "Acute polyradiculoneuritis with locked-in syndrome in a patient with Covid-19.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Pfefferkorn, Thomas", "Dabitz, Rainer", "von Wernitz-Keibel, Thomas", "Aufenanger, Johannes", "Nowak-Machen, Martina", "Janssen, Hendrik"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399694", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498081, "title": "Conducting clinical trials in heart failure during (and after) the COVID-19 pandemic: an Expert Consensus Position Paper from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Anker, Stefan D", "Butler, Javed", "Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb", "Abraham, William T", "Bauersachs, Johann", "Bocchi, Edimar", "Bozkurt, Biykem", "Braunwald, Eugene", "Chopra, Vijay K", "Cleland, John G", "Ezekowitz, Justin", "Filippatos, Gerasimos", "Friede, Tim", "Hernandez, Adrian F", "Lam, Carolyn S P", "Lindenfeld, JoAnn", "McMurray, John J V", "Mehra, Mandeep", "Metra, Marco", "Packer, Milton", "Pieske, Burkert", "Pocock, Stuart J", "Ponikowski, Piotr", "Rosano, Giuseppe M C", "Teerlink, John R", "Tsutsui, Hiroyuki", "Van Veldhuisen, Dirk J", "Verma, Subodh", "Voors, Adriaan A", "Wittes, Janet", "Zannad, Faiez", "Zhang, Jian", "Seferovic, Petar", "Coats, Andrew J S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498081", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has important implications for the safety of participants in clinical trials and the research staff caring for them and, consequently, for the trials themselves. Patients with heart failure may be at greater risk of infection with COVID-19 and the consequences might also be more serious, but they are also at risk of adverse outcomes if their clinical care is compromised. As physicians and clinical trialists, it is our responsibility to ensure safe and effective care is delivered to trial participants without affecting the integrity of the trial. The social contract with our patients demands no less. Many regulatory authorities from different world regions have issued guidance statements regarding the conduct of clinical trials during this COVID-19 crisis. However, international trials may benefit from expert guidance from a global panel of experts to supplement local advice and regulations, thereby enhancing the safety of participants and the integrity of the trial. Accordingly, the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology on 21 and 22 March 2020 conducted web-based meetings with expert clinical trialists in Europe, North America, South America, Australia, and Asia. The main objectives of this Expert Position Paper are to highlight the challenges that this pandemic poses for the conduct of clinical trials in heart failure and to offer advice on how they might be overcome, with some practical examples. While this panel of experts are focused on heart failure clinical trials, these discussions and recommendations may apply to clinical trials in other therapeutic areas."}, {"pmid": 32464083, "title": "P-selectin blockade in COVID-19-related ARDS.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Neri, Tommaso", "Nieri, Dario", "Celi, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464083", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313282, "pmcid": "PMC7159014", "title": "Navigating the Unchartered Waters in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Pharm Educ", "authors": ["Brazeau, Gayle", "Romanelli, Frank"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313282", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328849, "pmcid": "PMC7178096", "title": "Physical Distancing in COVID-19 May Exacerbate Experiences of Social Isolation among People Living with HIV.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Marziali, Megan E", "Card, Kiffer G", "McLinden, Taylor", "Wang, Lu", "Trigg, Jason", "Hogg, Robert S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328849", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368790, "pmcid": "PMC7267647", "title": "Ph+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in Italy During the Covid-19 Pandemic. A Campus ALL Study.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Foa, Robin", "Bonifacio, Massimiliano", "Chiaretti, Sabina", "Curti, Antonio", "Candoni, Anna", "Fava, Carmen", "Ciccone, Maria", "Pizzolo, Giovanni", "Ferrara, Felicetto"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368790", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent spread of the Covid-19 infection has raised important questions within the haematology community on how best to manage and treat patients with haematological malignancies, particularly acute leukaemias. Italy has witnessed a dramatic raise in infections and death rates, that has hit in particular certain areas of the most populated Northern regions of the country (Lombardia, Veneto, Piemonte, Emilia Romagna). Within the nationwide Campus ALL programme in the last week of March we sent a questionnaire addressing different issues related to the management of adult ALL patients during the Covid-19 pandemic to 40 haematology centres located on the entire territory."}, {"pmid": 32403983, "title": "Neurotropic mechanisms in COVID-19 and their potential influence on neuropsychological outcomes in children.", "journal": "Child Neuropsychol", "authors": ["Condie, Lois O"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403983", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Children have shown more physical resilience to COVID-19 than adults, but there is a cohort of vulnerable infants and young children who may experience disease burden, both in the acute phase and chronically. Children may have had early undocumented exposure to COVID-19. Even when the risk of exposure was known, developmental variables may have made the avoidance of physical proximity difficult for children. Preliminary hypotheses concerning neurotropic factors have been documented by researchers. Children with COVID-19 and comorbid physical or mental disorders may be vulnerable to exacerbations of neurotropic factors and comorbidities, the neural impact of which has been documented for other coronaviruses. Researchers are investigating COVID-19 symptom descriptions, neurotropic mechanisms at the genomic and transcriptomatic levels, neurological manifestations, and the impact of comorbid health complications. Neuropsychologists need information concerning the likely impact of COVID-19 on children. With a view toward that goal, this article provides recommendations for some initial updates in neuropsychology practice."}, {"pmid": 32500510, "pmcid": "PMC7271828", "title": "Radiological management of COVID-19: structure your diagnostic path to guarantee a safe path.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Stramare, Roberto", "Carretta, Giovanni", "Capizzi, Alfio", "Boemo, Deris Gianni", "Contessa, Cristina", "Motta, Raffaella", "De Conti, Giorgio", "Causin, Francesco", "Giraudo, Chiara", "Donato, Daniele"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500510", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 outbreak is requiring a tremendous effort not only regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic approach but also in terms of global management of the delivered care. Hospital administrations had to provide a prompt response to a rapidly evolving emergency characterized by the necessity of giving access to an enormous number of infected patients, guaranteeing appropriate care to patients in need of other types of treatment, and simultaneously preserving the well-being of healthcare providers. To optimize the diagnostic pathway during the current COVID-19 outbreak, the hospital administration of our tertiary center applied a highly structured framework assigning specific tasks to the different units composing the Department of Imaging. In particular, since the beginning of the pandemic, a mobile CT scanner in a truck was rented and became operative for all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and another CT was assigned for all suspected cases. The success and efficacy of the management applied by our administration is demonstrated by the fact that during the outbreak, the radiological workflow was never interrupted. In fact, despite the national lockdown only a 29.3% decrease of CT scans occurred compared to the previous year. Moreover, none of the healthcare providers of the Department contracted the infection at work. Thus, according to the experience gained in our center, we recommend to all hospital administrations facing the COVID-19 outbreak to promptly adapt their resources, creating precise and safe pathways for their diagnostic units."}, {"pmid": 32401000, "title": "First ultrastructural autoptic findings of SARS-Cov-2 in olfactory pathways and brainstem.", "journal": "Minerva Anestesiol", "authors": ["Bulfamante, Gaetano", "Chiumello, Davide", "Canevini, Maria Paola", "Priori, Alberto", "Mazzanti, Michele", "Centanni, Stefano", "Felisati, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401000", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526627, "title": "Psychosocial impact of COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Dubey, Souvik", "Biswas, Payel", "Ghosh, Ritwik", "Chatterjee, Subhankar", "Dubey, Mahua Jana", "Chatterjee, Subham", "Lahiri, Durjoy", "Lavie, Carl J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526627", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Along with its high infectivity and fatality rates, the 2019 Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) has caused universal psychosocial impact by causing mass hysteria, economic burden and financial losses. Mass fear of COVID-19, termed as \"coronaphobia\", has generated a plethora of psychiatric manifestations across the different strata of the society. So, this review has been undertaken to define psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Pubmed and GoogleScholar are searched with the following key terms- \"COVID-19\", \"SARS-CoV2\", \"Pandemic\", \"Psychology\", \"Psychosocial\", \"Psychitry\", \"marginalized\", \"telemedicine\", \"mental health\", \"quarantine\", \"infodemic\", \"social media\" and\" \"internet\". Few news paper reports related to COVID-19 and psychosocial impacts have also been added as per context. Disease itself multiplied by forced quarantine to combat COVID-19 applied by nationwide lockdowns can produce acute panic, anxiety, obsessive behaviors, hoarding, paranoia, and depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the long run. These have been fueled by an \"infodemic\" spread via different platforms of social media. Outbursts of racism, stigmatization, and xenophobia against particular communities are also being widely reported. Nevertheless, frontline healthcare workers are at higher-risk of contracting the disease as well as experiencing adverse psychological outcomes in form of burnout, anxiety, fear of transmitting infection, feeling of incompatibility, depression, increased substance-dependence, and PTSD. Community-based mitigation programs to combat COVID-19 will disrupt children's usual lifestyle and may cause florid mental distress. The psychosocial aspects of older people, their caregivers, psychiatric patients and marginalized communities are affected by this pandemic in different ways and need special attention. For better dealing with these psychosocial issues of different strata of the society, psychosocial crisis prevention and intervention models should be urgently developed by the government, health care personnel and other stakeholders. Apt application of internet services, technology and social media to curb both pandemic and infodemic needs to be instigated. Psychosocial preparedness by setting up mental organizations specific for future pandemics is certainly necessary."}, {"pmid": 32418734, "pmcid": "PMC7167583", "title": "[French Association of Urology. COVID-19: Recommendations for functional urology].", "journal": "Prog Urol", "authors": ["Michel, F", "Gaillet, S", "Cornu, J N", "Robert, G", "Game, X", "Phe, V", "Karsenty, G"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418734", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The management of urology patient is currently disrupted by the COVID-19 epidemic. In the field of functional urology, there are clinical situations with a high risk of complication if management is delayed and a great heterogeneity of advisable reprogramming times after cancellation. A prioritization of functional urology procedures is necessary to adapt management during the COVID-19 crisis and to better organize post-epidemic recovery. The advice of AFU scientific committees in the field of functional urology (neuro-urology, female and perineology, male LUTS) was requested and supplemented by a review of the currently available recommendations on the subject of urology and COVID-19. These opinions were combined to draw up temporary recommendations to help reorganize practices during the epidemic and prepare the post-critical phase. Most of the recommendations available on career-oriented social networks (Twitter, LinkedIn) or in literature concern cancer or general urology. Eight out of ten propose a cancellation of all functional urology procedures without distinction. But the 3 AFU committees covering the field of functional urology have identified three clinical situations in which surgical procedures that can be maintained during the COVID-19 epidemic (priority level A): conclusion of a neuromodulation test in progress (implantation or explantation), botulinum toxin A bladder injections for unbalanced neurologic bladder, cystectomy and ileal conduit for urinary fistula in perineal bedsore or refractory unbalanced neurologic bladder with acute renal failure and vesico-enteric or prostato-pubic fistulas. Management adaptation of the other pathologies are proposed, as well as the application of 3 priority levels (B, C, D) for rescheduled procedures for a better management of the post-crisis activity resumption. The joint functional urology committees indicate that there are specific clinical situations in this field that demand non-delayed care during COVID crisis. They underline the need to establish a hierarchy for the cancelled surgeries, in order to reduce the arm of long reschedule delays and to optimize post-lockdown activity resumption."}, {"pmid": 32031568, "pmcid": "PMC7042871", "title": "Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Novel Coronavirus Infections Involving 13 Patients Outside Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Chang, De", "Lin, Minggui", "Wei, Lai", "Xie, Lixin", "Zhu, Guangfa", "Dela Cruz, Charles S", "Sharma, Lokesh"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32031568", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299200, "pmcid": "PMC7195987", "title": "Radiological approaches to COVID-19 pneumonia", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Akcay, Sule", "Ozlu, Tevfik", "Yilmaz, Aydin"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299200", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pneumonia has high mortality rates. The symptoms are undiagnostic, the results of viral nucleic acid detection method (PCR) can delay, so that chest computerized tomography is often key diagnostic test in patients with possible COVID-19 pneumonia. In this review, we discussed the main radiological findings of this infection."}, {"pmid": 32307905, "pmcid": "PMC7264778", "title": "COVID-19 and spinal cord injuries: The viewpoint from an emergency department resident with quadriplegia.", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["Palipana, Dinesh"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307905", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) present distinct physiological and social considerations for the emergency physician. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these considerations may generate unique challenges for emergency physicians managing patients with SCIs. Physiological disruptions may alter the way SCI patients present with COVID-19. The same disruptions can affect management of this vulnerable patient group, perhaps warranting early aggressive treatment. The medical picture will often be complicated by unique social characteristics. The reliance on caregivers for activities of daily living can, as an example, increase the human resource requirement of an ED. Considering the vulnerabilities and complexities of patients with SCI, the community should prioritise prevention of COVID-19 infections in this group. In the event that they do present to an ED, planning for and understanding their complexities will facilitate optimal management."}, {"pmid": 32441749, "title": "COVID-19 Associated Pediatric Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Deza Leon, M P", "Redzepi, A", "McGrath, E", "Abdel-Haq, N", "Shawaqfeh, A", "Sethuraman, U", "Tilford, B", "Chopra, T", "Arora, H", "Ang, J", "Asmar, B"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441749", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335406, "pmcid": "PMC7175870", "title": "Factors associated with negative conversion of viral RNA in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Hu, Xiaowen", "Xing, Yuhan", "Jia, Jing", "Ni, Wei", "Liang, Jiwei", "Zhao, Dan", "Song, Xin", "Gao, Ruqin", "Jiang, Fachun"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335406", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Factors associated with negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in hospitalized patients have not yet been systematically determined. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients in Qingdao, China. Both univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify independent factors for time to viral RNA negative conversion. Data on patients with re-detectable viral RNA after showing negative on RT-PCR test (intermittent negative status) were also analyzed. A total of 59 patients confirmed with COVID-19 were included in this study, with a median duration of 1 (interquartile range, IQR: 0-2) day from symptom onset to hospital admission. Median communicable period (from first day of positive nucleic acid test to first day of consecutive negative results) was 14 (IQR: 10-18) days, and 7 (IQR: 6-10) days for 10 patients with intermittent negative results. Age older than 45\u00a0years (hazard ratio, HR: 0.378; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.205-0.698) and chest tightness (HR: 0.290; 95%CI: 0.091-0.919) were factors indecently affecting negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Headache (odds ratio: 7.553; 95%CI: 1.011-28.253) was significantly associated with intermittent negative status, with a predicted probability of 60%. Older age and chest tightness were independently associated with delayed clearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in hospitalized patients. These predictors would provide a new perspective on early identification of patients with prolonged viral shedding and facilitate optimal isolation protocols and treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32488173, "pmcid": "PMC7264971", "title": "Antimicrobial use, drug-resistant infections and COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Microbiol", "authors": ["Rawson, Timothy M", "Ming, Damien", "Ahmad, Raheelah", "Moore, Luke S P", "Holmes, Alison H"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488173", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466581, "title": "A Multidimensional Model of Public Health Approaches Against COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Nazir, Mehrab", "Hussain, Iftikhar", "Tian, Jian", "Akram, Sabahat", "Mangenda Tshiaba, Sidney", "Mushtaq, Shahrukh", "Shad, Muhammad Afzal"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466581", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is appearing as one of the most fetal disease of the world's history and has caused a global health emergency. Therefore, this study was designed with the aim to address the issue of public response against COVID-19. The literature lacks studies on social aspects of COVID-19. Therefore, the current study is an attempt to investigate its social aspects and suggest a theoretical structural equation model to examine the associations between social media exposure, awareness, and information exchange and preventive behavior and to determine the indirect as well as direct impact of social media exposure on preventive behavior from the viewpoints of awareness and information exchange. The current empirical investigation was held in Pakistan, and the collected survey data from 500 respondents through social media tools were utilized to examine the associations between studied variables as stated in the anticipated study model. The findings of the study indicate that social media exposure has no significant and direct effect on preventive behavior. Social media exposure influences preventive behavior indirectly through awareness and information exchange. In addition, awareness and information exchange have significant and direct effects on preventive behavior. Findings are valuable for health administrators, governments, policymakers, and social scientists, specifically for individuals whose situations are like those in Pakistan. This research validates how social media exposure indirectly effects preventive behavior concerning COVID-19 and explains the paths of effect through awareness or information exchange. To the best of our knowledge, there is no work at present that covers this gap, for this reason the authors propose a new model. The conceptual model offers valuable information for policymakers and practitioners to enhance preventive behavior through the adoption of appropriate awareness strategies and information exchange and social media strategies."}, {"pmid": 32452879, "pmcid": "PMC7268860", "title": "Rehabilitation Response in Pandemics.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Amatya, Bhasker", "Khan, Fary"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452879", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The WHO declared a pandemic due to the serious health risk posed by Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The number of infected cases is on the rise globally with escalating human, economic and societal costs. COVID-19 survivors may suffer a range of clinical, functional and psychological impairments, resulting in disabilities. Many are amenable to rehabilitation intervention. The current focus of COVID-19 management is on public health measures and acute management. As patients transfer to sub-acute care or discharged to the community, rehabilitation services need to have a number of organizational and operational models in place to provide safe effective care for patients and health professionals.There is need for global action by professional organizations in developing a structured rehabilitation approach for international response to disasters, including pandemics. This report proposes development of a 'Rehabilitation Response Plan' to enable the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, to provide crucial leadership and governance role in liaison and coordination with the WHO (and other stakeholders), to provide rehabilitation input during current and future pandemics. The key considerations include following categories: Governance, Coordination, Communication, Evaluation, and Care-continuum. These will strengthen rehabilitation, assist in the effective delivery of services, provide advocacy, and an international coordinated perspective."}, {"pmid": 32520750, "title": "The Role of Medical Student Government in Responding to COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Schuiteman, Sam", "Ibrahim, Nadine I", "Hammoud, Ali", "Kruger, Laura", "Mangrulkar, Rajesh S", "Daniel, Michelle"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520750", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has sown clinical and administrative chaos at academic health centers throughout the country. As COVID-19-related burdens on the health care system and medical schools piled up, questions from medical students far outweighed the capacity of medical school administrators to respond in an adequate or timely manner, leaving students feeling confused and without clear guidance. In this Perspective, incoming and outgoing executive leaders of the University of Michigan Medical School Student Council and medical school deans outline the specific ways they were able to bridge the gap between medical students and administrators in a time of crisis. To illustrate the value of student government during uncertain times, the authors identify the most pressing problems faced by students at each phase of the curriculum-preclerkship, clerkship, and postclerkship-and explain how Student Council leadership partnered with administrators to find creative solutions to these problems and provide guidance to learners. They end by reflecting on the role of student government more broadly, identifying 3 guiding principles of student leadership and how these principles enable effective student representation."}, {"pmid": 32323507, "pmcid": "PMC7183829", "title": "Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: A Probable Unusual Complication of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Wang, Jing", "Su, Xiaoyun", "Zhang, Tianjing", "Zheng, Chuansheng"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323507", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281671, "pmcid": "PMC7262096", "title": "Influenza-like illnesses caused by a cluster of imported Italian COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Wei", "Zhou, Dajin", "Jia, Xu", "Feng, Youjun"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281671", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of 2019 corona-virus disease (COVID-19) is caused by an emerging family of SARS-CoV-2, threatening human health worldwide. Here we report a cluster of Italian COVID-19 imported to Lishui City, China. Of all the eight patients, 7 consistently display cough, a representative sign of influenza-like illness (ILI), and the remaining one is a cryptic case. This further our understanding a full spectrum of COVID-19 repertoire. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32201889, "pmcid": "PMC7184331", "title": "A COVID-19 Transmission within a family cluster by presymptomatic infectors in China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qian, Guoqing", "Yang, Naibin", "Ma, Ada Hoi Yan", "Wang, Liping", "Li, Guoxiang", "Chen, Xueqin", "Chen, Xiaomin"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201889", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a COVID-19 family cluster caused by a presymptomatic case. There were 9 family members, including 8 laboratory-confirmed with COVID-19, and a 6-year-old child had no evidence of infection. Amongst the 8 patients, one adult and one 13-month-old infant were asymptomatic, one adult was diagnosed as having severe pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32249188, "pmcid": "PMC7130023", "title": "Dental journals and coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A current view.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Martelli-Junior, Hercilio", "Machado, Renato Assis", "Martelli, Daniella R B", "Coletta, Ricardo D"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249188", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279903, "pmcid": "PMC7146681", "title": "Considerations in the Triage of Urologic Surgeries During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Stensland, Kristian D", "Morgan, Todd M", "Moinzadeh, Alireza", "Lee, Cheryl T", "Briganti, Alberto", "Catto, James W F", "Canes, David"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279903", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a suggested list of urologic surgeries that should be prioritized if COVID-19 surges warrant cancellation of elective surgeries to free up health care resources. The recommendations should be tailored to locally available resources and situations and can be used as a framework for other specialties."}, {"pmid": 32278800, "pmcid": "PMC7194822", "title": "Sexual transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): A new possible route of infection?", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Patri, Angela", "Gallo, Lucia", "Guarino, Maria", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278800", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293003, "pmcid": "PMC7184480", "title": "Hypertension, the renin-angiotensin system, and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections and lung injury: implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Res", "authors": ["Kreutz, Reinhold", "Algharably, Engi Abd El-Hady", "Azizi, Michel", "Dobrowolski, Piotr", "Guzik, Tomasz", "Januszewicz, Andrzej", "Persu, Alexandre", "Prejbisz, Aleksander", "Riemer, Thomas Gunther", "Wang, Ji-Guang", "Burnier, Michel"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293003", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Systemic arterial hypertension (referred to as hypertension herein) is a major risk factor of mortality worldwide, and its importance is further emphasized in the context of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection referred to as COVID-19. Patients with severe COVID-19 infections commonly are older and have a history of hypertension. Almost 75% of patients who have died in the pandemic in Italy had hypertension. This raised multiple questions regarding a more severe course of COVID-19 in relation to hypertension itself as well as its treatment with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers, e.g. angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). We provide a critical review on the relationship of hypertension, RAS, and risk of lung injury. We demonstrate lack of sound evidence that hypertension per se is an independent risk factor for COVID-19. Interestingly, ACEIs and ARBs may be associated with lower incidence and/or improved outcome in patients with lower respiratory tract infections. We also review in detail the molecular mechanisms linking the RAS to lung damage and the potential clinical impact of treatment with RAS blockers in patients with COVID-19 and a high cardiovascular and renal risk. This is related to the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells, and expression of ACE2 in the lung, cardiovascular system, kidney, and other tissues. In summary, a critical review of available evidence does not support a deleterious effect of RAS blockers in COVID-19 infections. Therefore, there is currently no reason to discontinue RAS blockers in stable patients facing the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32240293, "pmcid": "PMC7138334", "title": "Collision of the COVID-19 and Addiction Epidemics.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Volkow, Nora D"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282057, "pmcid": "PMC7262114", "title": "Why Am I, as a Geriatric Medicine Fellow with Symptoms, Unable to Get Tested for COVID-19 While Politicians, Oil Executives, and NBA Players Are?", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Dixon, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282057", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304373, "title": "From Viral City to Smart City: Learning from Pandemic Experiences.", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Sakellarides, Constantino"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304373", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486229, "title": "Investigation of Some Antiviral N-Heterocycles as COVID 19 Drug: Molecular Docking and DFT Calculations.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Hagar, Mohamed", "Ahmed, Hoda A", "Aljohani, Ghadah", "Alhaddad, Omaima A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486229", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global health pandemic that started in December 2019. The effective drug target among coronaviruses is the main protease Mpro, because of its essential role in processing the polyproteins that are translated from the viral RNA. In this study, the bioactivity of some selected heterocyclic drugs named Favipiravir (1), Amodiaquine (2), 2'-Fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (3), and Ribavirin (4) was evaluated as inhibitors and nucleotide analogues for COVID-19 using computational modeling strategies. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to estimate the thermal parameters, dipole moment, polarizability, and molecular electrostatic potential of the present drugs; additionally, Mulliken atomic charges of the drugs as well as the chemical reactivity descriptors were investigated. The nominated drugs were docked on SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB: 6LU7) to evaluate the binding affinity of these drugs. Besides, the computations data of DFT the docking simulation studies was predicted that the Amodiaquine (2) has the least binding energy (-7.77 Kcal/mol) and might serve as a good inhibitor to SARS-CoV-2 comparable with the approved medicines, hydroxychloroquine, and remdesivir which have binding affinity -6.06 and -4.96 Kcal/mol, respectively. The high binding affinity of 2 was attributed to the presence of three hydrogen bonds along with different hydrophobic interactions between the drug and the critical amino acids residues of the receptor. Finally, the estimated molecular electrostatic potential results by DFT were used to illustrate the molecular docking findings. The DFT calculations showed that drug 2 has the highest of lying HOMO, electrophilicity index, basicity, and dipole moment. All these parameters could share with different extent to significantly affect the binding affinity of these drugs with the active protein sites."}, {"pmid": 32361588, "pmcid": "PMC7195103", "title": "Plausible mechanisms of Niclosamide as an antiviral agent against COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Pindiprolu, Sai Kiran S S", "Pindiprolu, Sai Harshini"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361588", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused 18 440 deaths world wide as of 25 March 2020 and posing a serious threat to public health. There is a need, therefore, for effective therapeutic strategies to cure this disease. However, high attrition rates, substantial costs and slow pace are the major limitations of novel drug discovery. Drug repurposing, by employing 'old' drugs to treat 'new' diseases is an attractive approach in drug discovery. Niclosamide (NIC) is an approved anti-helminthic drug with diverse antiviral mechanisms. In this work we hypothesize, the potential antiviral mechanisms of NIC against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32308219, "pmcid": "PMC7144692", "title": "COVID-19 Teaches Hard Lessons.", "journal": "Mo Med", "authors": ["Wang, Jin", "Frey, Sharon"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308219", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472673, "title": "Cohort PCR Testing: A Strategic Method for Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Screening.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Yeo, Wee Song", "Ng, Qin Xiang", "Tan, Kuan Yang"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472673", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322486, "pmcid": "PMC7172861", "title": "Intravenous Vitamin C for reduction of cytokines storm in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.", "journal": "PharmaNutrition", "authors": ["Boretti, Alberto", "Banik, Bimal Krishna"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322486", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of Covid19 has required urgent treatments for numerous patients. No suitable vaccines or antivirals are available for Covid19. The efficiency against Covid19 of WHO therapies of choice, that are two antivirals developed for other pathologies, is controversial. Therefore, alternative approaches are required. Intravenous (IV) Vitamin C (Vit-C) has emerged as one of the other alternatives for this purpose. Here we review the effects of IV Vit-C on the immune system response, the antiviral properties of IV Vit-C, and finally the antioxidant properties of IV Vit-C to specifically address the cytokines' storm characteristic of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that occur in the later cycle of the Covid19 infectious disease."}, {"pmid": 32478558, "title": "Home is not always a haven: The domestic violence crisis amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Kofman, Yasmin B", "Garfin, Dana Rose"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478558", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the associated disease it causes, COVID-19, have caused unprecedented social disruption. Due to sweeping stay-at-home orders across the United States and internationally, many victims and survivors of domestic violence (DV), now forced to be isolated with their abusers, run the risk of new or escalating violence. Numerous advocates, organizations, and service centers anticipated this: Upticks in domestic violence were reported in many regions soon after stay-at-home directives were announced. In this commentary, we delineate some of the recent events leading up to the reported spike in DV; review literature on previously documented disaster-related DV surges; and discuss some of the unique challenges, dilemmas, and risks victims and survivors face during this pandemic. We conclude with recommendations to allocate resources to DV front-liners and utilize existing DV guidelines for disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32436845, "title": "A review on the use of artificial intelligence for medical imaging of the lungs of patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Ito, Rintaro", "Iwano, Shingo", "Naganawa, Shinji"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436845", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The results of research on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for medical imaging of the lungs of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been published in various forms. In this study, we reviewed the AI for diagnostic imaging of COVID-19 pneumonia. PubMed, arXiv, medRxiv, and Google scholar were used to search for AI studies. There were 15 studies of COVID-19 that used AI for medical imaging. Of these, 11 studies used AI for computed tomography (CT) and 4 used AI for chest radiography. Eight studies presented independent test data, 5 used disclosed data, and 4 disclosed the AI source codes. The number of datasets ranged from 106 to 5941, with sensitivities ranging from 0.67-1.00 and specificities ranging from 0.81-1.00 for prediction of COVID-19 pneumonia. Four studies with independent test datasets showed a breakdown of the data ratio and reported prediction of COVID-19 pneumonia with sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC). These 4 studies showed very high sensitivity, specificity, and AUC, in the range of 0.9-0.98, 0.91-0.96, and 0.96-0.99, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32362243, "pmcid": "PMC7232883", "title": "Identification of new anti-nCoV drug chemical compounds from Indian spices exploiting SARS-CoV-2 main protease as target.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Umesh", "Kundu, Debanjan", "Selvaraj, Chandrabose", "Singh, Sanjeev Kumar", "Dubey, Vikash Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362243", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV) has caused a global health crisis by causing coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic in the human population. The unavailability of specific vaccines and anti-viral drug for nCoV, science demands sincere efforts in the field of drug design and discovery for COVID-19. The novel coronavirus main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) play a crucial role during the disease propagation, and hence SARS-CoV-2 Mpro represents as a drug target for the drug discovery. Herein, we have applied bioinformatics approach for screening of chemical compounds from Indian spices as potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDBID: 6Y84). The structure files of Indian spices chemical compounds were taken from PubChem database or Zinc database and screened by molecular docking, by using AutoDock-4.2, MGLTools-1.5.6, Raccoon virtual screening tools. Top 04 hits based on their highest binding affinity were analyzed. Carnosol exhibited highest binding affinity -8.2\u2009Kcal/mol and strong and stable interactions with the amino acid residues present on the active site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Arjunglucoside-I (-7.88\u2009Kcal/mol) and Rosmanol (-7.99\u2009Kcal/mol) also showed a strong and stable binding affinity with favourable ADME properties. These compounds on MD simulations for 50ns shows strong hydrogen-bonding interactions with the protein active site and remains stable inside the active site. Our virtual screening results suggest that these small chemical molecules can be used as potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and may have an anti-viral effect on nCoV. However, further validation and investigation of these inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 main protease are needed to claim their candidacy for clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32501807, "title": "Virtual Management of Cancer Patients in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Tashkandi, Emad", "Zeeneldin, A", "AlAbdulwahab, A", "Elemam, O", "Elsamany, Shereef", "Jastaniah, W", "Abdullah, S", "Alfayez, M", "Jazieh, A", "Al-Shamsi, Ho"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501807", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During COVID-19 pandemic, patients from distant geographical areas will be affected the most. Virtual management \"telemedicine\" has been shown to reduce health costs and improve access to care. The aim of this survey is to report the views of oncologists on virtual management (VM) \"awareness, challenges, preferences\" and priority of prescribing anti-cancer treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic. We created self-administrated electronic survey about VM of cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the clinical sensibility and pilot tested the instrument. We surveyed practicing oncologists using snowball sampling in the Gulf and Arab countries via emails, social media networks and sent reminders one and two weeks later using SurveyMonkey. We received 222 responses from validated respondents from April 2-April 22, 2020. Awareness of the virtual clinics, virtual multidisciplinary teams (MDT) and virtual prescriptions encountered in 82%, 79% and 75%, respectively. VM challenges were lack of physical exam in 60%, patient's awareness & access in 59%, lack of physical attendance of patients in 42%, IT support in 37% and safety of VM in 35%. 50% and 48% of oncologists did not prefer virtual prescription of chemotherapy and novel immunotherapy respectively, however, 85%, 74% and 57% preferred virtual prescription of hormonal, bone modifying agents and targeted therapy respectively Oncologists preferred to continue neoadjuvant, adjuvant & perioperative treatments in 83%, 83%, 80% respectively. 53% preferred to continue 1st line palliative treatment, in contrast to 20% and 30% preferred to interrupt 2nd and 3rd line palliative treatment respectively. All responders preferred oral route and 53% preferred subcutaneous (SC) route. In contrast, 87% did not prefer intravenous (IV) route. Forty six percent of oncologists responded \"definitely\" prefer to manage cancer patients virtually. Oncologists have high level of awareness about VM. While 2nd and 3rd line palliative treatments should be interrupted, treatments in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, peri-operative and 1st line palliative should continue. Our results confirm that oncologists' views on priority of anti-cancer treatments are consistent with evolving literature during COVID-19 pandemic. Challenges to VM should be addressed to improve the care of cancer patients. "}, {"pmid": 32198986, "title": "Review and Prospect of Pathological Features of Corona Virus Disease.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, H J", "Du, S H", "Yue, X", "Chen, C X"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198986", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since 2003, coronavirus has caused multiple major public health events that resulted in global epidemics, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome \uff08SARS\uff09, Middle East respiratory syndrome \uff08MERS\uff09 and corona virus disease 2019 \uff08COVID-19\uff09. Especially since COVID-19 outbroke in Wuhan, Hubei, in December 2019, coronavirus has had a significant impact on people's health and lives. But so far, the pathological diagnosis of COVID-19 has been relatively deficient\uff1a it is still confined to the pathological findings of punctured organs, and the majority of medical workers have poor awareness of its pathological characteristics. The COVID-19, as same as SARS and MERS, is caused by coronaviruses and can cause viral pneumonia. They have certain similarities. This article comprehensively reviews the pathological features observed in the autopsies of the aforementioned three diseases, in order to provide reference to the analysis of pathological changes of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32474141, "pmcid": "PMC7256612", "title": "Vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Glob Antimicrob Resist", "authors": ["Zemb, Patrick", "Bergman, Peter", "Camargo, Carlos A Jr", "Cavalier, Etienne", "Cormier, Catherine", "Courbebaisse, Marie", "Hollis, Bruce", "Minisola, Salvatore", "Pilz, Stefan", "Pludowski, Pawel", "Schmitt, Francois", "Zdrenghea, Mihnea", "Souberbielle, Jean-Claude"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417310, "pmcid": "PMC7228736", "title": "Characterization of eight novel full-length genomes of SARS-CoV-2 among imported COVID-19 cases from abroad in Yunnan, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Jia, Yuanyuan", "Yang, Cuixian", "Zhang, Mi", "Yang, Xianyao", "Li, Jianjian", "Liu, Jiafa", "Liu, Ying", "Yang, XinPing", "Feng, Yue", "Dong, Xingqi", "Xia, Xueshan"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417310", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413531, "pmcid": "PMC7215144", "title": "Lack of supporting data make the risks of a clinical trial of radiation therapy as a treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia unacceptable.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Kirsch, David G", "Diehn, Maximilian", "Cucinotta, Francis A", "Weichselbaum, Ralph"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413531", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32115732, "pmcid": "PMC7233262", "title": "The Wuhan SARS-CoV-2-What's next for China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lu, Hongzhou", "Stratton, Charles W", "Tang, Yi-Wei"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32115732", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409282, "pmcid": "PMC7214333", "title": "Excessive anxiety in IBD patients is unnecessary for COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Wang, Hong-Gang", "Xie, Rui", "Ma, Tian-Heng", "Yang, Xiao-Zhong"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409282", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505821, "title": "Analysis of the molecular mechanism of Pudilan (PDL) treatment for COVID-19 by network pharmacology tools.", "journal": "Biomed Pharmacother", "authors": ["Kong, Qi", "Wu, Yue", "Gu, Yu", "Lv, Qi", "Qi, Feifei", "Gong, Shuran", "Chen, Xiuping"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505821", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pudilan (PDL), a four-herb prescription with the traditional function of heat-clearing and detoxifying, has been clinically used as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 infectory agent in China. PDL might also have therapeutic potentials for COVID-19 while the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. We used network pharmacology analysis and selected 68 co-targeted genes/proteins as targets of both PDL and COVID-19. These co-targeted genes/proteins were predicted by SwissDock Server for their high-precision docking simulation, and analyzed by STRING for proteins to protein interaction (PPI), pathway and GO (gene ontology) enrichment. The therapeutic effect for PDL treatment on COVID-19 was validated by the TCMATCOV (TCM Anti COVID-19) platform. PDL might prevent the entrance of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells by blocking the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It might inhibit the cytokine storm by affecting C-reactive protein (CRP), interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), interleukin- 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), transforming growth factor-\u03b21 (TGF\u03b21), and other proteins. PDL might moderate the immune system to shorten the course of the disease, delay disease progression, and reduce the mortality rate. PDL might have a therapeutic effect on COVID-19 through three aspects, including the moderate immune system, anti-inflammation, and anti-virus entry into cells."}, {"pmid": 32433301, "pmcid": "PMC7268882", "title": "Comment on \"Beware of Too Aggressive Approach in Children With Acute Abdomen During COVID-19 Outbreak!\"", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Calinescu, Ana M", "Vidal, Isabelle", "Grazioli, Serge", "Lacroix, Laurence", "Wildhaber, Barbara E"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433301", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401961, "pmcid": "PMC7199292", "title": "I am having trouble keeping up with virtual teaching activities: Reflections in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Machado, Renato Assis", "Bonan, Paulo Rogerio Ferreti", "Perez, Danyel Elias da Cruz", "Martelli, Daniella Reis Barbosa", "Martelli-Junior, Hercilio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401961", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289366, "pmcid": "PMC7151469", "title": "2019-nCoV Pandemic: A disruptive and stressful atmosphere for Indian academic fraternity.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Gautam, Ritu", "Sharma, Manik"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289366", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171869, "pmcid": "PMC7102530", "title": "Clinical progression of patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Jun", "Qi, Tangkai", "Liu, Li", "Ling, Yun", "Qian, Zhiping", "Li, Tao", "Li, Feng", "Xu, Qingnian", "Zhang, Yuyi", "Xu, Shuibao", "Song, Zhigang", "Zeng, Yigang", "Shen, Yinzhong", "Shi, Yuxin", "Zhu, Tongyu", "Lu, Hongzhou"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171869", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Studies on the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have generally been limited to the description of the epidemiology and initial clinical characteristics. We investigated the temporal progression in patients with COVID-19. In this retrospective, single-center study, we included confirmed cases of COVID-19 from Jan 20 to Feb 6, 2020 in Shanghai. Final date of follow-up was February 25, 2020. Of the 249 patients enrolled, the median age was 51 years old, and 126 (50.6%) were male. The duration from onset of symptoms to hospitalization was 4(2-7) days in symptomatic patients. Fever was occurred in 235(94.3%) patients. A total of 215 (86.3%) patients had been discharged after 16(12-20) days hospitalization. The estimated median duration of fever in all the patients with fever was 10 days (95 confidential intervals [CIs]: 8-11 days) after onset of symptoms. Patients who were transferred to intensive care units (ICU) had significantly longer duration of fever as compared to those not in ICU (31 days v.s. 9 days after onset of symptoms, respectively, P\u00a0<0.0001). Radiological aggravation of initial image was observed in 163 (65.7%) patients on day 7 after onset of symptoms. 154(94.5%) of these patients showed radiological improvement on day 14. The median duration to negative reverse-transcriptase PCR tests of upper respiratory tract samples was 11 days (95 CIs: 10-12 days). Viral clearance was more likely to be delayed in patients in ICU than those not in ICU (P\u00a0<0.0001). In multivariate logistical analysis, age (Odds ratio [OR]\u202f=\u202f1.06) and CD4 T cell count (OR\u202f=\u202f0.55 per 100 cells/ul increase) were independently associated with ICU admission. The majority of COVID-19 cases are mild. The clinical progression pattern suggests that early control of viral replication and application of host-directed therapy in later stage is essential to improve the prognosis of CVOID-19."}, {"pmid": 32166940, "title": "[2019 novel coronavirus, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and cardiovascular drugs].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Shi, H Z", "Ma, P", "Gao, F Y", "Chen, G L", "Yu, Y H", "Wang, X D", "Xian, E D", "Dong, Erdan"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166940", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241897, "pmcid": "PMC7211066", "title": "Practice of endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: position statements of the Asian Pacific Society for Digestive Endoscopy (APSDE-COVID statements).", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Chiu, Philip Wai Yan", "Ng, Siew C", "Inoue, Haruhiro", "Reddy, D Nageshwar", "Ling Hu, Enqiang", "Cho, Joo Young", "Ho, Lawrence Ky", "Hewett, David G", "Chiu, Han-Mo", "Rerknimitr, Rungsun", "Wang, Hsiu-Po", "Ho, Shiaw Hooi", "Seo, Dong Wan", "Goh, Khean-Lee", "Tajiri, Hisao", "Kitano, Seigo", "Chan, Francis K L"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241897", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a global pandemic. Risk of transmission may occur during endoscopy and the goal is to prevent infection among healthcare professionals while providing essential services to patients. Asia was the first continent to have a COVID-19 outbreak, and this position statement of the Asian Pacific Society for Digestive Endoscopy shares our successful experience in maintaining safe and high-quality endoscopy practice at a time when resources are limited. Sixteen experts from key societies of digestive endoscopy in Asia were invited to develop position statements, including patient triage and risk assessment before endoscopy, resource prioritisation and allocation, regular monitoring of personal protective equipment, infection control measures, protective device training and implementation of a strategy for stepwise resumption of endoscopy services after control of the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32242315, "pmcid": "PMC7117879", "title": "In reply: Uncertainty in using chest computed tomography in early coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Chen, Rong", "Meng, Qing-Tao"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242315", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399695, "pmcid": "PMC7216569", "title": "Tele-health in neurology: an indispensable tool in the management of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Capra, Ruggero", "Mattioli, Flavia"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399695", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271208, "pmcid": "PMC7188039", "title": "Survey of COVID-19 Disease Among Orthopaedic Surgeons in Wuhan, People's Republic of China.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Guo, Xiaodong", "Wang, Jiedong", "Hu, Dong", "Wu, Lisha", "Gu, Li", "Wang, Yang", "Zhao, Jingjing", "Zeng, Lian", "Zhang, Jianduan", "Wu, Yongchao"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271208", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, the People's Republic of China, in December 2019 and now is a pandemic all around the world. Some orthopaedic surgeons in Wuhan were infected with COVID-19. We conducted a survey to identify the orthopaedic surgeons who were infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to collect information such as social demographic variables, clinical manifestations, exposure history, awareness of the outbreak, infection control training provided by hospitals, and individual protection practices. To further explore the possible risk factors at the individual level, a 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted. A total of 26 orthopaedic surgeons from 8 hospitals in Wuhan were identified as having COVID-19. The incidence in each hospital varied from 1.5% to 20.7%. The onset of symptoms was from January 13 to February 5, 2020, and peaked on January 23, 8 days prior to the peak of the public epidemic. The suspected sites of exposure were general wards (79.2%), public places at the hospital (20.8%), operating rooms (12.5%), the intensive care unit (4.2%), and the outpatient clinic (4.2%). There was transmission from these doctors to others in 25% of cases, including to family members (20.8%), to colleagues (4.2%), to patients (4.2%), and to friends (4.2%). Participation in real-time training on prevention measures was found to have a protective effect against COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR], 0.12). Not wearing an N95 respirator was found to be a risk factor (OR, 5.20 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09 to 25.00]). Wearing respirators or masks all of the time was found to be protective (OR, 0.15). Severe fatigue was found to be a risk factor (OR, 4 [95% CI, 1 to 16]) for infection with COVID-19. Orthopaedic surgeons are at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Common places of work could be contaminated. Orthopaedic surgeons have to be more vigilant and take more precautions to avoid infection with COVID-19. Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32379918, "pmcid": "PMC7267637", "title": "Coagulopathy of COVID-19 and antiphospholipid antibodies.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Connell, Nathan T", "Battinelli, Elisabeth M", "Connors, Jean M"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379918", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516119, "title": "The treatment of inflammatory bowel disease during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic - practical advices: (A COVID-19-pandemia orvosszakmai kerdesei)", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Resal, Tamas", "Rutka, Mariann", "Szanto, Kata", "Farkas, Klaudia", "Molnar, Tamas"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516119", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are more susceptible to severe viral infections requiring hospitalization regardless of treatment. Immunosuppressives and biological treatments multiply the chances of opportunistic and lung infections, especially in combination therapy, so due to the new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) epidemic, which primarily causes respiratory disease, it is advisable to use different therapeutic considerations for effective and safe patient care. Contrary to the expectations, a study from Italy and China each, despite of the large number of infected cases, did not report any SARS-CoV-2 positivity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, which can be due to a number of favorable factors, such as the lower average age of the patients, lack of comorbidities, etc. However, it should not be forgotten that the patients on immunosuppressive and/or biological therapy belong to the compromised group. Consequently, in some cases there is a need to modify the therapy, but we should keep in mind that the relapse alongside with the need of medical consultation and even hospitalization elevate the chance of being infected. Thus, flare-ups ought to be avoided as far as they can be, so continuing the already started maintenance therapy can be a reasonable solution, but, in the high-risk group, modifying it can be reasonable as well. Our aim with this article is to make the health care more effective, and to give a practical recommendation for physicians during the epidemic, based on international publications. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(25): 1022-1027."}, {"pmid": 32360498, "title": "Clinical features of critically ill patients with confirmed COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Chu, Yanan", "Li, Tong", "Fang, Qiang", "Wang, Xingxiang"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360498", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32087621, "title": "[The keypoints in treatment of the critical coronavirus disease 2019 patient(1)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Qiu, H B", "Li, X Y", "Du, B", "Kang, H Y J", "Wang, Y S", "Wang, F", "Sun, B", "Tong, Z H"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087621", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has been prevalent in Wuhan and spread rapidly to all of our country. Some cases can develop into ARDS, or even death. We will share the treatment experience of severe COVID-19 with the first-line treatment experience. The best respiratory support mode should be selected, but the timing of intubation and protection during intubation are two difficulties; patients with high level peep and poor effect in prone position can be given ECMO support. For COVID-19 patients with mechanical ventilation, reasonable sedation and analgesia strategies should be formulated; delirium should not be ignored. In addition, there is up regulation of inflammatory factors in patients with severe COVID-19, but the effect of renal replacement therapy needs to be further confirmed by clinical research."}, {"pmid": 32504992, "pmcid": "PMC7261093", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and challenges for socio-economic issues, healthcare and National Health Programs in India.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Gopalan, Hema S", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504992", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The nationwide lockdown was imposed in India following novel coronavirus pandemic. In this paper, we discuss socio-economic, health and National healthcare challenges following lockdown, with focus on population belonging to low socio-economic stratum (SES). A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. In addition, existing guidelines including those by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and articles from several non-academic sources (e.g. news websites etc.) were accessed. While the nationwide lockdown has resulted in financial losses and has affected all segments of society, the domino effect on health, healthcare and nutrition could possibly pose major setbacks to previously gained successes of National health programs. Apart from firm economic measures, all National Health Programs should be re-strengthened to avert possible surge of communicable (apart from COVID19) and non-communicable diseases. These efforts should be focussed on population belonging to low SES."}, {"pmid": 32271598, "title": "COVID-19 and Iranian Medical Students; A Survey on Their Related-Knowledge, Preventive Behaviors and Risk Perception.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Taghrir, Mohammad Hossein", "Borazjani, Roham", "Shiraly, Ramin"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271598", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began its journey around the world. Medical students, as frontline healthcare workers, are more susceptible to be infected by the virus. The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19 related knowledge, self-reported preventive behaviors and risk perception among Iranian medical students within the first week after the onset of the outbreak in Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted from 26th to 28th of February, 2020. Participants were Iranian medical students (5th-7th year) whose knowledge, preventive behaviors and risk perceptions of COVID-19 were assessed using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions including 15 items about COVID-19 related knowledge, 9 items regarding preventive measures and 2 items about COVID-19 risk perception. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were shown to be satisfactory. A total of 240 medical students completed the questionnaire. The mean age of participants was 23.67 years. The average of correct answers of knowledge was 86.96%; and 79.60% had high level of related knowledge. The average rate of practicing preventive behaviors was 94.47%; and 94.2% had high level of performance in preventive behaviors. The cumulative score of risk perception was 4.08 out of 8 which was in moderate range. Risk perception was significantly different between stagers and interns and between those being trained in emergency room (ER) and non-ER wards. There was a significant negative correlation between preventive behaviors and risk perception. We found a high level of COVID-19 related knowledge and self-reported preventive behaviors and moderate risk perception among Iranian medical students."}, {"pmid": 32405290, "pmcid": "PMC7219412", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak in Nursing Homes in Singapore.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Tan, Li Feng", "Seetharaman, Santhosh Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405290", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483929, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ophthalmological emergency department visits.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Pellegrini, Marco", "Roda, Matilde", "Lupardi, Enrico", "Di Geronimo, Natalie", "Giannaccare, Giuseppe", "Schiavi, Costantino"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483929", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530306, "title": "Guidance for rebooting electrophysiology through the COVID-19 pandemic from the Heart Rhythm Society and the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology.", "journal": "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Lakkireddy, Dhanunjaya R", "Chung, Mina K", "Deering, Thomas F", "Gopinathannair, Rakesh", "Albert, Christine M", "Epstein, Laurence M", "Harding, Clifford V", "Hurwitz, Jodie L", "Jeffery, Courtney C", "Krahn, Andrew D", "Kusumoto, Fred M", "Lampert, Rachel", "Mansour, Moussa", "Natale, Andrea", "Patton, Kristen K", "Seiler, Amber", "Shah, Maully J", "Wang, Paul J", "Russo, Andrea M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented substantial challenges to patient care and impacted health care delivery, including cardiac electrophysiology practice throughout the globe. Based upon the undetermined course and regional variability of the pandemic, there is uncertainty as to how and when to resume and deliver electrophysiology services for arrhythmia patients. This joint document from representatives of the Heart Rhythm Society, American Heart Association, and American College of Cardiology seeks to provide guidance for clinicians and institutions reestablishing safe electrophysiological care. To achieve this aim, we address regional and local COVID-19 disease status, the role of viral screening and serologic testing, return-to-work considerations for exposed or infected health care workers, risk stratification and management strategies based on COVID-19 disease burden, institutional preparedness for resumption of elective procedures, patient preparation and communication, prioritization of procedures, and development of outpatient and periprocedural care pathways."}, {"pmid": 32501821, "title": "Philosophy Problems Become Real During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Randall, Rachel M", "Rafferty, Rachel"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501821", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179908, "pmcid": "PMC7184483", "title": "A 55-Day-Old Female Infant Infected With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease: Presenting With Pneumonia, Liver Injury, and Heart Damage.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cui, Yuxia", "Tian, Maolu", "Huang, Dong", "Wang, Xike", "Huang, Yuying", "Fan, Li", "Wang, Liang", "Chen, Yun", "Liu, Wenpu", "Zhang, Kai", "Wu, Yue", "Yang, Zhenzhong", "Tao, Jing", "Feng, Jie", "Liu, Kaiyu", "Ye, Xianwei", "Wang, Rongpin", "Zhang, Xiangyan", "Zha, Yan"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179908", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies on the pneumonia outbreak caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were mainly based on information from adult populations. Limited data are available for children with COVID-19, especially for infected infants. We report a 55-day-old case with COVID-19 confirmed in China and describe the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and treatment of the patient, including the disease progression from day 7 to day 11 of illness. This case highlights that children with COVID-19 can also present with multiple organ damage and rapid disease changes. When managing such infant patients with COVID-19, frequent and careful clinical monitoring is essential."}, {"pmid": 32342880, "pmcid": "PMC7194744", "title": "Prevention and control measure to avoid cross infection during radiotherapy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Zhang, Li", "Zheng, Zuan", "Hu, Guangyuan", "Yuan, Xianglin"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342880", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404679, "pmcid": "PMC7268875", "title": "What Should I Do?", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Hanto, Douglas W"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404679", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the study was to examine the conflicting duties of a practicing surgeon who is at high risk for morbidity and mortality from Covid-19 infection. Should he opt out of the care of these patients or does his duty to care override other considerations? Older adults and those with serious medical conditions are at much greater risk for severe disease and death from Covid-19 infection. As a practicing frontline surgeon in a high risk group, the hospital offered the author, and other health care providers at high risk, the option to opt out of the care Covid-19 suspected or infected patients before an anticipated surge. What should the surgeon and other health care providers do? This is a question many are asking and having to answer. In this article, the author describes how difficult the situation of having any choice at all was and then how difficult it was to arrive at a decision. The duty to care and its limits, as well as obligations to society, family, co-workers, and to self, are examined. The author considers how he and others can contribute in other ways to patients and providers. The author arrives at a morally permissible and a rational decision to opt out. Health care workers at high risk can contribute in other ways to patients and providers. It still may not feel right."}, {"pmid": 32502247, "title": "Inverse association between chronic hepatitis B infection and COVID-19: immune-exhaustion or coincidence?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Anugwom, Chimaobi M", "Aby, Elizabeth S", "Debes, Jose D"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502247", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489343, "pmcid": "PMC7259441", "title": "Descriptive characteristics of hospitalized adult smokers and never-smokers with COVID-19.", "journal": "Tob Induc Dis", "authors": ["Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi", "Ghobadi, Hassan", "Taleb, Ziyad Ben", "Ward, Kenneth D", "Adham, Davoud", "Matin, Somaieh", "Fazlzadeh, Mehdi", "Narimani, Sajjad"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489343", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274771, "title": "Operating Room Guide for Confirmed or Suspected COVID-19 Pregnant Patients Requiring Cesarean Delivery.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Brown, Veronica M", "Reno, Joseph", "Lortz, Heather", "Fiorini, Kasey", "Costantine, Maged M"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274771", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We sought to provide a clinical practice protocol for our labor and delivery (L&D) unit, to care for confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients requiring cesarean delivery. A multidisciplinary team approach guidance was designed to simplify and streamline the flow and care of patient with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 requiring cesarean delivery. A protocol was designed to improve staff readiness, minimize risks, and streamline care processes. This is a suggested protocol which may not be applicable to all health care settings but can be adapted to local resources and limitations of individual L&D units. Guidance and information are changing rapidly; therefore, we recommend continuing to update the protocol as needed. \u00b7 Cesarean delivery for confirmed or suspected novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. \u00b7 Team-based approach for streamline care. \u00b7 Labor and delivery protocols for COVID-19 positive patients."}, {"pmid": 32514563, "title": "Anticovid, a comprehensive open-access real-time platform of registered clinical studies for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan", "Lescure, Francois-Xavier", "Sallard, Erwan", "Ravaud, Philippe", "Vegreville, Bruno", "Zeitoun, Jean-David"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514563", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504739, "title": "Interleukin-17: a potential therapeutic target in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Mendoza, Vicky M Montano"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504739", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216130, "pmcid": "PMC7228404", "title": "COVID-19 and economy.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Gupta, Mrinal", "Abdelmaksoud, Ayman", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216130", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397906, "pmcid": "PMC7256352", "title": "Development of remdesivir repositioning as a nucleotide analog against COVID-19 RNA dependent RNA polymerase.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Babadaei, Mohammad Mahdi Nejadi", "Hasan, Anwarul", "Vahdani, Yasaman", "Bloukh, Samir Haj", "Sharifi, Majid", "Kachooei, Ehsan", "Haghighat, Setareh", "Falahati, Mojtaba"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397906", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative representative of a severe respiratory illness resulted in widespread human infections and deaths in nearly all of the countries since late 2019. There is no therapeutic FDA-approved drug against SARS-CoV-2 infection, although a combination of anti-viral drugs is directly being practiced in some countries. A broad-spectrum of antiviral agents are being currently evaluated in clinical trials, and in this review, we specifically focus on the application of Remdesivir (RVD) as a potential anti-viral compound against Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) -CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. First, we overview the general information about SARS-CoV-2, followed by application of RDV as a nucleotide analogue which can potentially inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of COVs. Afterwards, we discussed the kinetics of SARS- or MERS-CoV proliferation in animal models which is significantly different compared to that in humans. Finally, some ongoing challenges and future perspective on the application of RDV either alone or in combination with other anti-viral agents against CoVs infection were surveyed to determine the efficiency of RDV in preclinical trials. As a result, this paper provides crucial evidence of the potency of RDV to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32496244, "title": "COVID-19 in India: Making a case for the one health surveillance system.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Yasobant, Sandul", "Patel, Krupali", "Saxena, Deepak", "Falkenberg, Timo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496244", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pandemics like COVID-19 warrant an urgent implementation of the one health surveillance (OHS) system to the focus on multisectoral, multidisciplinary, multi-institutional, and multispecialty coordination, in all aspects of the response to outbreaks that might involve humans, animals, and their environment. The Indian system so far has evolved in conducting surveillance and monitoring of parameters within the domain of human health, animal health, and the environment, but in silos. This commentary piece provides an opinion to boost the existing surveillance activities for early detection and ways to develop an integrated OHS to prevent future COVID-19 like pandemics in India. It also attempts to provide possible solutions at the interface of human-animal-environment, from the simpler to the complex system integration with the principles of one health."}, {"pmid": 32323581, "pmcid": "PMC7192201", "title": "The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the management of cancer patients in Lebanon: a single institutional experience.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Kattan, Clarisse", "Badreddine, Hassan", "Rassy, Elie", "Kourie, Hampig Raphael", "Kattan, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323581", "countries": ["Lebanon"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437679, "pmcid": "PMC7234781", "title": "Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Rogers, Jonathan P", "Chesney, Edward", "Oliver, Dominic", "Pollak, Thomas A", "McGuire, Philip", "Fusar-Poli, Paolo", "Zandi, Michael S", "Lewis, Glyn", "David, Anthony S"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437679", "countries": ["Canada", "France", "Korea, Republic of", "Singapore", "China", "Japan", "United Kingdom", "United States", "Saudi Arabia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Before the COVID-19 pandemic, coronaviruses caused two noteworthy outbreaks: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), starting in 2002, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), starting in 2012. We aimed to assess the psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases (from their inception until March 18, 2020), and medRxiv, bioRxiv, and PsyArXiv (between Jan 1, 2020, and April 10, 2020) were searched by two independent researchers for all English-language studies or preprints reporting data on the psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations of individuals with suspected or laboratory-confirmed coronavirus infection (SARS coronavirus, MERS coronavirus, or SARS coronavirus 2). We excluded studies limited to neurological complications without specified neuropsychiatric presentations and those investigating the indirect effects of coronavirus infections on the mental health of people who are not infected, such as those mediated through physical distancing measures such as self-isolation or quarantine. Outcomes were psychiatric signs or symptoms; symptom severity; diagnoses based on ICD-10, DSM-IV, or the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (third edition) or psychometric scales; quality of life; and employment. Both the systematic review and the meta-analysis stratified outcomes across illness stages (acute vs post-illness) for SARS and MERS. We used a random-effects model for the meta-analysis, and the meta-analytical effect size was prevalence for relevant outcomes, I2 statistics, and assessment of study quality. 1963 studies and 87 preprints were identified by the systematic search, of which 65 peer-reviewed studies and seven preprints met inclusion criteria. The number of coronavirus cases of the included studies was 3559, ranging from 1 to 997, and the mean age of participants in studies ranged from 12\u00b72 years (SD 4\u00b71) to 68\u00b70 years (single case report). Studies were from China, Hong Kong, South Korea, Canada, Saudi Arabia, France, Japan, Singapore, the UK, and the USA. Follow-up time for the post-illness studies varied between 60 days and 12 years. The systematic review revealed that during the acute illness, common symptoms among patients admitted to hospital for SARS or MERS included confusion (36 [27\u00b79%; 95% CI 20\u00b75-36\u00b70] of 129 patients), depressed mood (42 [32\u00b76%; 24\u00b77-40\u00b79] of 129), anxiety (46 [35\u00b77%; 27\u00b76-44\u00b72] of 129), impaired memory (44 [34\u00b71%; 26\u00b72-42\u00b75] of 129), and insomnia (54 [41\u00b79%; 22\u00b75-50\u00b75] of 129). Steroid-induced mania and psychosis were reported in 13 (0\u00b77%) of 1744 patients with SARS in the acute stage in one study. In the post-illness stage, depressed mood (35 [10\u00b75%; 95% CI 7\u00b75-14\u00b71] of 332 patients), insomnia (34 [12\u00b71%; 8\u00b76-16\u00b73] of 280), anxiety (21 [12\u00b73%; 7\u00b77-17\u00b77] of 171), irritability (28 [12\u00b78%; 8\u00b77-17\u00b76] of 218), memory impairment (44 [18\u00b79%; 14\u00b71-24\u00b72] of 233), fatigue (61 [19\u00b73%; 15\u00b71-23\u00b79] of 316), and in one study traumatic memories (55 [30\u00b74%; 23\u00b79-37\u00b73] of 181) and sleep disorder (14 [100\u00b70%; 88\u00b70-100\u00b70] of 14) were frequently reported. The meta-analysis indicated that in the post-illness stage the point prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder was 32\u00b72% (95% CI 23\u00b77-42\u00b70; 121 of 402 cases from four studies), that of depression was 14\u00b79% (12\u00b71-18\u00b72; 77 of 517 cases from five studies), and that of anxiety disorders was 14\u00b78% (11\u00b71-19\u00b74; 42 of 284 cases from three studies). 446 (76\u00b79%; 95% CI 68\u00b71-84\u00b76) of 580 patients from six studies had returned to work at a mean follow-up time of 35\u00b73 months (SD 40\u00b71). When data for patients with COVID-19 were examined (including preprint data), there was evidence for delirium (confusion in 26 [65%] of 40 intensive care unit patients and agitation in 40 [69%] of 58 intensive care unit patients in one study, and altered consciousness in 17 [21%] of 82 patients who subsequently died in another study). At discharge, 15 (33%) of 45 patients with COVID-19 who were assessed had a dysexecutive syndrome in one study. At the time of writing, there were two reports of hypoxic encephalopathy and one report of encephalitis. 68 (94%) of the 72 studies were of either low or medium quality. If infection with SARS-CoV-2 follows a similar course to that with SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV, most patients should recover without experiencing mental illness. SARS-CoV-2 might cause delirium in a significant proportion of patients in the acute stage. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of depression, anxiety, fatigue, post-traumatic stress disorder, and rarer neuropsychiatric syndromes in the longer term. Wellcome Trust, UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), UK Medical Research Council, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University College London."}, {"pmid": 32463961, "title": "Special care dentistry in the world of COVID-19.", "journal": "Spec Care Dentist", "authors": ["Beetstra, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463961", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531024, "title": "Fulminant COVID-19-related myocarditis in an infant.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Kesici, Selman", "Aykan, Hayrettin Hakan", "Orhan, Diclehan", "Bayrakci, Benan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531024", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268712, "title": "[Perioperative management of cesarean section for pregnant women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Sun, L L", "Gong, Q", "Liao, J", "Ke, J J", "Wang, Y", "Zhang, Y Z", "Zhang, W", "Li, J F"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268712", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309266, "pmcid": "PMC7162568", "title": "Abdominal Pain: A Real Challenge in Novel COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Poggiali, Erika", "Ramos, Pau Mateo", "Bastoni, Davide", "Vercelli, Andrea", "Magnacavallo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309266", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 19) is an infectious disease caused by coronavirus 2019-nCoV. Since its detection in China at the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus has rapidly spread throughout the world and has caused an international public health emergency. The most common manifestation is flu-like symptoms. Mild infections usually improve within a few days, but COVID-19 can cause severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. Gastrointestinal symptoms are less common but possible and more difficult to recognize as part of a COVID-19 syndrome. In line with the current opinion of the WHO, we strongly believe that preventive measures and early diagnosis of COVID-19 are crucial to interrupt virus spread and avoid local outbreaks. We report the cases of COVID-19 patients admitted to our Emergency Department who complained of gastrointestinal symptoms at admission. The novel COVID-19 infection is a severe public health problem which is causing an increasing number of deaths worldwide.Although uncommon, there may be a relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and COVID-19, as reported in recent studies.Early detection and isolation of patients with COVID-19 infection is the only way to control and limit the global spread of this virus."}, {"pmid": 32376399, "pmcid": "PMC7200131", "title": "How to handle patients with autoimmune rheumatic and inflammatory bowel diseases in the COVID-19 era: An expert opinion.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Sarzi-Puttini, Piercarlo", "Marotto, Daniela", "Antivalle, Marco", "Salaffi, Fausto", "Atzeni, Fabiola", "Maconi, Giovanni", "Monteleone, Giovanni", "Rizzardini, Giuliano", "Antinori, Spinello", "Galli, Massimo", "Ardizzone, Sandro"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376399", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449099, "pmcid": "PMC7246086", "title": "Imaging evaluation of COVID-19 in the emergency department.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Pakray, Amir", "Walker, David", "Figacz, Alexander", "Kilanowski, Stephen", "Rhodes, Casey", "Doshi, Shashin", "Coffey, Mary"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449099", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study is to elucidate the chest imaging findings of suspected COVID-19 patients presenting to the emergency department and the relationship with their demographics and RT-PCR testing results. Patients presenting to the ED between March 12 and March 28, 2020, with symptoms suspicious for COVID-19 and subsequent CXR and/or CT exam were selected. Patients imaged for other reasons with findings suspicious for COVID-19 were also included. Demographics, laboratory test results, and history were extracted from the medical record. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the relationship between imaging and these factors. A total of 227 patients from the emergency department were analyzed (224 CXRs and 25 CTs). Of the 192 patients with COVID-19 results, 173 (90.1%) had COVID-19 RT-PCR (+). Abnormal imaging (CXR, 85.7% and/or CT, 100%) was noted in 155 (89.6%) of COVID-19 RT-PCR (+) cases. The most common imaging findings were mixed airspace/interstitial opacities (39.8%) on CXR and peripheral GGOs on CT (92%). The most common demographic were African Americans (76.8%). Furthermore, 97.1% of African Americans were RT-PCR (+) compared to 65.8% of Caucasians. We found a similar spectrum of thoracic imaging findings in COVID-19 patients as previous studies. The most common demographic were African Americans (76.8%). Furthermore, 97.1% of African Americans were RT-PCR (+) compared to 65.8% of Caucasians. Both CT and CXR can accurately identify COVID-19 pneumonitis in 89.6% of RT-PCR (+) cases, 89.5% of false negatives, and 72.7% of cases with no RT-PCR result."}, {"pmid": 32467156, "title": "Emergency department 'outbreak rostering' to meet challenges of COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Chua, Wei Lin Tallie", "Quah, Li Juan Joy", "Shen, Yuzeng", "Zakaria, Diana", "Wan, Paul Weng", "Tan, Kenneth", "Wong, Evelyn"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has posed unique challenges to the emergency department rostering. Additional infection control, the possibility of quarantine of staff and minimising contact among staff have significant impact on the work of doctors in the emergency department. Infection of a single healthcare worker may require quarantine of close contacts at work. This may thus affect a potentially large number of staff. As such, we developed an Outbreak Response Roster. This Outbreak Response Roster had fixed teams of doctors working in rotation, each team that staff the emergency department in turn. Members within teams remained constant and were near equally balanced in terms of manpower and seniority of doctors. Each team worked fixed 12\u2009hours shifts with as no overlapping of staff or staggering of shifts. Handovers between shifts were kept as brief as possible. All these were measures to limit interactions among healthcare workers. With the implementation of the roster, measures were also taken to bolster the psychological wellness of healthcare workers. With face-to-face contact limited, we also had to maintain clear, open channels for communication through technology and continue educating residents through innovative means."}, {"pmid": 32354800, "pmcid": "PMC7211105", "title": "Cardiovascular manifestations and treatment considerations in covid-19.", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Kang, Yu", "Chen, Tiffany", "Mui, David", "Ferrari, Victor", "Jagasia, Dinesh", "Scherrer-Crosbie, Marielle", "Chen, Yucheng", "Han, Yuchi"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354800", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its recognition in December 2019, covid-19 has rapidly spread globally causing a pandemic. Pre-existing comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are associated with a greater severity and higher fatality rate of covid-19. Furthermore, covid-19 contributes to cardiovascular complications, including acute myocardial injury as a result of acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis, stress-cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrest. The cardiovascular interactions of covid-19 have similarities to that of severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome and influenza. Specific cardiovascular considerations are also necessary in supportive treatment with anticoagulation, the continued use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, arrhythmia monitoring, immunosuppression or modulation, and mechanical circulatory support."}, {"pmid": 32525249, "title": "European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) recommendations for conducting gastrointestinal motility and function testing in the recovery phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurogastroenterol Motil", "authors": ["Tack, Jan", "Vanuytsel, Tim", "Serra, Jordi", "Accarino, Anna", "Stanghellini, Vincenzo", "Barbara, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525249", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the peak of the COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, care for patients with gastrointestinal motility and functional disorders was largely suspended. In the recovery phases of the pandemic, non-urgent medical care is resumed, but there is a lack of guidance for restarting and safely conducting motility and function testing. Breath tests and insertion of manometry and pH monitoring probes carry a risk for SARS-CoV-2 spread through droplet formation. A panel of experts from the European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) evaluated emerging national and single center recommendations to provide the best current evidence and a pragmatic approach to ensure the safe conduct of motility and function testing for both healthcare professionals and patients. At a general level, this involves evaluation of the urgency of the procedure, evaluation of the infectious risk associated with the patient, the investigation and the health care professional(s) involved, provision of the test planning and test units, education and training of staff and use of personnel protection equipment. Additional guidance is provided for specific procedures such as esophageal manometry, pH monitoring and breath tests. The ESNM guidelines provide pragmatic and appropriate guidance for the safe conduct of motility and function testing in the COVID-19 pandemic and early recovery phase."}, {"pmid": 32232432, "pmcid": "PMC7184334", "title": "Balancing health privacy, health information exchange, and research in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Lenert, Leslie", "McSwain, Brooke Yeager"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232432", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 infection poses serious challenges to the healthcare system that are being addressed through the creation of new unique and advanced systems of care with disjointed care processes (eg, telehealth screening, drive-through specimen collection, remote testing, telehealth management). However, our current regulations on the flows of information for clinical care and research are antiquated and often conflict at the state and federal levels. We discuss proposed changes to privacy regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act designed to let health information seamlessly and frictionlessly flow among the health entities that need to collaborate on treatment of patients and, also, allow it to flow to researchers trying to understand how to limit its impacts."}, {"pmid": 32243334, "pmcid": "PMC7188035", "title": "Images in Clinical ECT: Immediate impact of COVID-19 on ECT Practice.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Colbert, Sally-Anne", "McCarron, Shane", "Ryan, Geraldine", "McLoughlin, Declan M"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243334", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444346, "pmcid": "PMC7235601", "title": "Effective strategies to prevent in-hospital infection in the emergency department during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Kung, Chia-Te", "Wu, Kuan-Han", "Wang, Chih-Chi", "Lin, Meng-Chih", "Lee, Chen-Hsiang", "Lien, Mei-Huai"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444346", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469620, "title": "COVID-19: Challenges and Lessons Learned from Early Career Investigators.", "journal": "J Womens Health (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Denfeld, Quin", "Erickson, Elise", "Valent, Amy", "Villasana, Laura", "Zhang, Zhenzhen", "Myatt, Leslie", "Guise, Jeanne-Marie"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469620", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, the United States experienced an unprecedented event that suddenly demanded that researchers cease all nonessential activities to mitigate the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV2. Within the research community, the impact of this cessation on early career investigators was significant, in part because the support systems (i.e., mentors and institutions) that early career investigators typically rely on were also significantly impacted. This article presents the stories of the impact of COVID-19 on early career investigators within the NIH Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health and Women's Reproductive Health Research K12 career development programs. We discuss the common challenges that we faced across our respective fields ranging from basic to clinical to epidemiological women's health research, including the impact it had on our career trajectories. In addition, we share lessons learned in an effort to strengthen our research workforce and increase our resiliency during this and future challenges."}, {"pmid": 32305586, "pmcid": "PMC7162769", "title": "Upsurge of deep venous thrombosis in patients affected by COVID-19: Preliminary data and possible explanations.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord", "authors": ["Marone, Enrico M", "Rinaldi, Luigi F"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305586", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312736, "title": "Covid-19: We need to be open about rationing ventilators.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mawer, Caroline"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312736", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294495, "pmcid": "PMC7152897", "title": "Chloroquine as a prophylactic agent against COVID-19?", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Gendrot, Mathieu", "Javelle, Emilie", "Clerc, Axelle", "Savini, Helene", "Pradines, Bruno"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294495", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220178, "title": "[Biological Product Development Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019].", "journal": "Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Yan, Cai-Xia", "Li, Jia", "Shen, Xin", "Luo, Li", "Li, Yan", "Li, Ming-Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220178", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus, also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), has become a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Due to the large infection population, broad transmissibility and high mortality, it is urgent to find out the efficient and specific methods to prevent and treat COVID-19. As biological products have broadly applied in the prevention and treatment of severe epidemic diseases, they are promising in blocking novel coronavirus infection. According to the research advances of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), we reviewed the potential application of biological products such as interferon, convalescent plasma, intestinal micro-ecological regulators, vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, etc. , on prevention and treatment of COVID-19. May this review be helpful for conquering COVID-19 in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32114074, "pmcid": "PMC7102650", "title": "Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Yihui", "Tu, Mengqi", "Wang, Shipei", "Chen, Sichao", "Zhou, Wei", "Chen, Danyang", "Zhou, Lin", "Wang, Min", "Zhao, Yan", "Zeng, Wen", "Huang, Qi", "Xu, Hai'bo", "Liu, Zeming", "Guo, Liang"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114074", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495145, "pmcid": "PMC7266732", "title": "COVID-19 in children: patiently and critically evaluate the scientific evidence.", "journal": "Eur J Pediatr", "authors": ["Ritz, Nicole", "de Winter, J Peter"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495145", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440460, "pmcid": "PMC7209839", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Changing Lives and Lessons Learned.", "journal": "Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open", "authors": ["Rohrich, Rod J", "Hamilton, Kristy L", "Avashia, Yash", "Savetsky, Ira"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526326, "title": "Interleukin-6 as prognosticator in patients with COVID-19: IL-6 and Covid-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Grifoni, Elisa", "Valoriani, Alice", "Cei, Francesco", "Lamanna, Roberta", "Gelli, Anna Maria Grazia", "Ciambotti, Benedetta", "Vannucchi, Vieri", "Moroni, Federico", "Pelagatti, Lorenzo", "Tarquini, Roberto", "Landini, Giancarlo", "Vanni, Simone", "Masotti, Luca"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526326", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512494, "title": "Could nutritional and functional status serve as prognostic factors for COVID-19 in the elderly?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Lidoriki, Irene", "Frountzas, Maximos", "Schizas, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512494", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Geriatric patients seem to be the most vulnerable group in COVID-19. These patients are usually characterized by impaired mobilization and malnutrition. In addition, obesity has been correlated with increased mortality rates after COVID-19 infection, highlighting the role of nutrition in prognosis of COVID-19 as well. In the past, several indices of nutritional status (GNRI) and functional status (ECOG performance status, Barthel Index, Handgrip Strength) have demonstrated a prognostic ability for hospitalized patients with influenza-like respiratory infections from coronavirus, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza and rhinovirus. Our hypothesis suggests that the previously mentioned nutritional and functional status indices, combined with the pneumonia severity index (CRB-65), could be useful in prognosis of morbidity and mortality of the elderly after the novel COVID-19 infection. Our hypothesis, is the first in the literature, which suggests a prognostic association between nutritional status of patients and COVID-19 infection, offering a quick and low-cost prognostic tool for COVID-19 in the elderly."}, {"pmid": 32425298, "pmcid": "PMC7227580", "title": "Covid-19 during pregnancy: a case series from an universally tested population from the north of Portugal.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Doria, Mariana", "Peixinho, Catarina", "Laranjo, Mafalda", "Varejao, Ana Mesquita", "Silva, Pedro Tiago"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425298", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416122, "pmcid": "PMC7235592", "title": "Nexus of COVID-19 and diabetes pandemics: Global public health lessons.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Bergman, Michael", "Jagannathan, Ram", "Narayan, K M Venkat"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416122", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Individuals with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes are susceptible to communicable diseases (CDs) as the current COVID-19 pandemic illustrates. The co-occurrence of diabetes as well as other co-morbid conditions with COVID-19 augurs greater risk for severe outcomes and mortality. Hence, NCD and CD pandemics are closely linked and require global efforts to thwart and disrupt their nexus before the next viral outbreaks occurs. This will require steadfast dedication and resolve to address NCDs previously committed to by the global community."}, {"pmid": 32516115, "title": "Teaching Adequate Prehospital Use of Personal Protective Equipment during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Gamified E-Learning Module.", "journal": "JMIR Serious Games", "authors": ["Suppan, Melanie", "Gartner, Birgit", "Golay, Eric", "Stuby, Loric", "White, Marion", "Cottet, Philippe", "Abbas, Mohamed", "Iten, Anne", "Harbarth, Stephan", "Suppan, Laurent"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516115", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to increased use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Adequate use of this equipment is more critical than ever because the risk of shortages must be balanced against the need to effectively protect health care workers, including prehospital personnel. Specific training is therefore necessary; however, the need for social distancing has markedly disrupted the delivery of continuing education courses. Electronic learning (e-learning) may provide significant advantages because it requires neither the physical presence of learners nor the repetitive use of equipment for demonstration. Inclusion of game mechanics, or \"gamification,\" has been shown to increase knowledge and skill acquisition. The objective of this research was to develop a gamified e-learning module to interactively deliver concepts and information regarding the correct choice and handling of PPE. The SERES framework was used to define and describe the development process, including scientific and design foundations. After we defined the target audience and learning objectives by interviewing the stakeholders, we searched the scientific literature to establish relevant theoretical bases. The learning contents were validated by infection control and prehospital experts. Learning mechanics were then determined according to the learning objectives, and the content that could benefit from the inclusion of game mechanics was identified. The literature search resulted in the selection and inclusion of 12 articles. In addition to gamification, pretesting, feedback, avoiding content skipping, and demonstrations using embedded videos were used as learning mechanics. Gamification was used to enhance the interactivity of the PPE donning and doffing sequences, which presented the greatest learning challenges. The module was developed with Articulate Storyline 3 to ensure that it would be compatible with a wide array of devices, as this software generates HTML5-compatible output that can be accessed on smartphones, tablets, and regular computers as long as a recent browser is available. A gamified e-learning module designed to promote better knowledge and understanding of PPE use among prehospital health care workers was created by following the SERES framework. The impact of this module should now be assessed by means of a randomized controlled trial."}, {"pmid": 32417567, "pmcid": "PMC7203034", "title": "Non-COVID-19 visits to emergency departments during the pandemic: the impact of fear.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Mantica, Guglielmo", "Riccardi, Niccolo", "Terrone, Carlo", "Gratarola, Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417567", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522737, "title": "Use of personal protective equipment against coronavirus disease 2019 by healthcare professionals in Wuhan, China: cross sectional study.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Liu, Min", "Cheng, Shou-Zhen", "Xu, Ke-Wei", "Yang, Yang", "Zhu, Qing-Tang", "Zhang, Hui", "Yang, Da-Ya", "Cheng, Shu-Yuan", "Xiao, Han", "Wang, Ji-Wen", "Yao, He-Rui", "Cong, Yu-Tian", "Zhou, Yu-Qi", "Peng, Sui", "Kuang, Ming", "Hou, Fan-Fan", "Cheng, K K", "Xiao, Hai-Peng"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522737", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine the protective effects of appropriate personal protective equipment for frontline healthcare professionals who provided care for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Cross sectional study. Four hospitals in Wuhan, China. 420 healthcare professionals (116 doctors and 304 nurses) who were deployed to Wuhan by two affiliated hospitals of Sun Yat-sen University and Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University for 6-8 weeks from 24 January to 7 April 2020. These study participants were provided with appropriate personal protective equipment to deliver healthcare to patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 and were involved in aerosol generating procedures. 77 healthcare professionals with no exposure history to covid-19 and 80 patients who had recovered from covid-19 were recruited to verify the accuracy of antibody testing. Covid-19 related symptoms (fever, cough, and dyspnoea) and evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, defined as a positive test for virus specific nucleic acids in nasopharyngeal swabs, or a positive test for IgM or IgG antibodies in the serum samples. The average age of study participants was 35.8 years and 68.1% (286/420) were women. These study participants worked 4-6 hour shifts for an average of 5.4 days a week; they worked an average of 16.2 hours each week in intensive care units. All 420 study participants had direct contact with patients with covid-19 and performed at least one aerosol generating procedure. During the deployment period in Wuhan, none of the study participants reported covid-19 related symptoms. When the participants returned home, they all tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 specific nucleic acids and IgM or IgG antibodies (95% confidence interval 0.0 to 0.7%). Before a safe and effective vaccine becomes available, healthcare professionals remain susceptible to covid-19. Despite being at high risk of exposure, study participants were appropriately protected and did not contract infection or develop protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Healthcare systems must give priority to the procurement and distribution of personal protective equipment, and provide adequate training to healthcare professionals in its use."}, {"pmid": 32450565, "title": "Novel Coronavirus-Induced Right Ventricular Failure and Point of Care Echocardiography: A Case Report.", "journal": "Cardiology", "authors": ["Chen, Lu", "Upadhya, Gautham", "Guo, Uta S", "Belligund, Pooja", "Lee, David K", "Shalom, Isaac", "Dubey, Gangacharan R", "Al-Ajam, Mohammad R", "Mitre, Cristina A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450565", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Various cardiovascular complications have been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Common complications include acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmia, pericarditis, heart failure, and shock. We present a case of cor pulmonale diagnosed with serial point of care ultrasound. Given the current shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and high infectivity of this virus, we acknowledge the utility of this tool in obtaining important clinical information while minimizing exposure and PPE consumption."}, {"pmid": 32253799, "pmcid": "PMC7235477", "title": "Generalized pustular figurate erythema: A newly delineated severe cutaneous drug reaction linked with hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Schwartz, Robert A", "Janniger, Camila K"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253799", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A severe cutaneous drug reaction resembling acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis resulting from ingestion of hydroxychloroquine has been documented. It is distinguishable by its longer incubation period, more varied morphology with initially urticarial and later targetoid and arcuate plaques, recalcitrance to therapy and longer duration. Given the anticipated surge in the use of hydroxychloroquine due to its reported benefits in those with coronavirus disease 2019, specific recognition of this entity is pivotal. We delineate it as generalized pustular figurate erythema."}, {"pmid": 32437314, "title": "COVID-19 -associated Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy and Microhemorrhages.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Radmanesh, Alireza", "Derman, Anna", "Lui, Yvonne W", "Raz, Eytan", "Loh, John P", "Hagiwara, Mari", "Borja, Maria J", "Zan, Elcin", "Fatterpekar, Girish M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437314", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in association with a variety of brain imaging findings such as ischemic infarct, hemorrhage, and acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy. Here, we report brain imaging features in 11 critically ill COVID-19 patients with persistently depressed mental status who underwent MRI between April 5-25, 2020 at our institution. These features include, 1) Confluent T2 hyperintensity and mild restricted diffusion in bilateral supratentorial deep and subcortical white matter (in 10 of 11 patients), and 2) multiple punctate microhemorrhages in juxtacortical and callosal white matter (in 7 of 11 patients). We also discuss potential pathogeneses."}, {"pmid": 32489937, "pmcid": "PMC7242313", "title": "Should computed tomography (CT) be used as a screening or follow-up tool for asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Zeng, Yanwei", "Fu, Junyan", "Yu, Xiaohong", "Huang, Zhijun", "Yin, Xuyang", "Geng, Daoying", "Zhang, Jun"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489937", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425473, "pmcid": "PMC7233208", "title": "Strategies to Promote Social Connections Among Older Adults During 'Social Distancing' Restrictions.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Van Orden, Kimberly A", "Bower, Emily", "Lutz, Julie", "Silva, Caroline", "Gallegos, Autumn M", "Podgorski, Carol A", "Santos, Elizabeth J", "Conwell, Yeates"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425473", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older age and medical comorbidity are factors associated with more severe illness and risk of death due to COVID-19 infection. Social distancing is an important public health strategy for controlling the spread of the virus and minimizing its impact on the older adult population. It comes at a cost, however. Loneliness is associated with myriad adverse health outcomes, one of which is impaired immune functioning, which adds even greater risk for corona virus infection, complications and death. Older adults, therefore, are at compound risk, making effective management of loneliness and social isolation in our older patients a high priority target for preventive intervention. In this paper, we describe a cognitive-behavioral framework for social connectedness, including evidence-informed strategies clinicians can use to help patients develop a 'Connections Plan' to stay connected and promote their social, mental, and physical health during 'social distancing' restrictions. This set of strategies can be provided during brief (30 minute) telephone sessions and is analogous to creating a 'Safety Plan' for suicide risk. The approach is illustrated with three case examples."}, {"pmid": 32277965, "pmcid": "PMC7194585", "title": "Disinfection of N95 respirators by ionized hydrogen peroxide during pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Cheng, V C C", "Wong, S-C", "Kwan, G S W", "Hui, W-T", "Yuen, K-Y"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277965", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475365, "title": "The term 'physical distancing' is recommended rather than 'social distancing' during the COVID-19 pandemic for reducing feelings of rejection among people with mental health problems.", "journal": "Eur Psychiatry", "authors": ["Wasserman, Danuta", "van der Gaag, Rutger", "Wise, Jan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475365", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 has plagued our world, the term \"social distancing\" has been widely used with the aim to encourage the general population to physically distance themselves from others in order to reduce the spread of the virus. However, this term can have unintended but detrimental effects, as it evokes negative feelings of being ignored, unwelcome, left alone with one's own fears, and even excluded from society. These feelings may be stronger in people with mental illnesses and in socio-economically disadvantaged groups, such as stigmatized minorities, migrants, and homeless persons [1], many of them also having high risk for suicidal behaviors [2]. Mental health disorders are pervasive worldwide; the global burden accounting for approximately 21.2-32.4% of years lived with disability-more than any other group of illnesses [3]. So, the vulnerable group of people with mental health disorders represents a considerable share of the total global population."}, {"pmid": 32473922, "pmcid": "PMC7256498", "title": "Response to the letter, \"The cardiovascular burden of congenital heart disease - not only in times of COVID-19\".", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Tan, Weiyi", "Aboulhosn, Jamil"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473922", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451923, "pmcid": "PMC7246970", "title": "The G-Quadruplex/Helicase World as a Potential Antiviral Approach Against COVID-19.", "journal": "Drugs", "authors": ["Panera, Nadia", "Tozzi, Alberto Eugenio", "Alisi, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451923", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "G-Quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical secondary structures formed within guanine-rich regions of DNA or RNA. G4 sequences/structures have been detected in human and in viral genomes, including Coronaviruses Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. Here, we outline the existing evidence indicating that G4 ligands and inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 helicase may exert some antiviral activity reducing viral replication and can represent a potential therapeutic approach to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss how repositioning of FDA-approved drugs against helicase activity of other viruses, could represent a rapid strategy to limit deaths associated with COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32294667, "pmcid": "PMC7135119", "title": "Translating transmissibility measures into recommendations for coronavirus prevention.", "journal": "Rev Saude Publica", "authors": ["Diaz-Quijano, Fredi Alexander", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso Javier", "Waldman, Eliseu Alves"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294667", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid increase in clinical cases of the new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, suggests high transmissibility. However, the estimates of the basic reproductive number reported in the literature vary widely. Considering this, we drew the function of contact-rate reduction required to control the transmission from both detectable and undetectable sources. Based on this, we offer a set of recommendations for symptomatic and asymptomatic populations during the current pandemic. Understanding the dynamics of transmission is essential to support government decisions and improve the community's adherence to preventive measures."}, {"pmid": 32324640, "pmcid": "PMC7192359", "title": "The Change to Pass/Fail Scoring for Step 1 in the Context of COVID-19: Implications for the Transition to Residency Process.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Whelan, Alison J"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324640", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this Invited Commentary, the author considers the February 2020 announcement that scoring on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 will change to pass/fail no sooner than January 2022 and its effects on the transition to residency process in the context of both the recommendations of the Invitational Conference on USMLE Scoring (InCUS) held in March 2019 and the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020. The author suggests that the medical education community must embrace any positive changes that come about as a result of the pandemic while continuing to systematically review the strengths and areas for improvement in the current transition to residency process.In its recommendations, InCUS provided a thoughtful set of action priorities and an effective process to work together, which can inform and guide the work ahead. The COVID-19 pandemic is dominating the educational and clinical environments and is now the biggest disruptor in all aspects of life, not just medical education. It is the responsibility of leaders in medical education to have a vision for and then implement an improved continuum of education that maintains the core values of the field and fits the health care delivery needs of today and the future."}, {"pmid": 32319301, "title": "COVID-19: How has the scientific community risen to the challenge?", "journal": "Biotechniques", "authors": ["Straiton, Jenny"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319301", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spreads around the world, scientists have raced to develop vaccines and tests in order to curb the infection."}, {"pmid": 32344999, "title": "Preparedness and response to community spread of COVID-19 governmental and national recommendations for COVID-19 by the Pan-Academic Action Committee.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344999", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402090, "pmcid": "PMC7272838", "title": "Review article: COVID-19 and liver disease-what we know on 1st May 2020.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Garrido, Isabel", "Liberal, Rodrigo", "Macedo, Guilherme"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402090", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), became a global threat to human health. Liver impairment has been frequently reported as a common manifestation, although its clinical significance is still unclear, particularly in patients with underlying chronic liver disease (CLD). To summarise the changes in liver function tests during SARS-CoV-2 infection and the impact of COVID-19 in patients with underlying CLD. A literature review using online database PubMed was done using the search terms \"SARS-CoV-2\", \"COVID-19\", \"liver\", \"cirrhosis\" and \"liver transplantation\". COVID-19 is frequently associated with different degrees of abnormal liver function tests, most notably transaminases, which are usually transitory and of mild degree. Available evidence suggests that liver injury may result from direct pathogenic effect by the virus, systemic inflammation or toxicity from commonly used drugs in this subset of patients. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is associated with minimal or no increase in liver enzymes, thus the presence of abnormal liver function tests should trigger evaluation for underlying liver diseases. Although it seems that patients with CLD are not at greater risk for acquiring the infection, those with cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver diseases or liver transplant may have a greater risk for severe COVID-19. Abnormal liver function tests during the course of COVID-19 are common, though clinically significant liver injury is rare. Further research is needed focusing on the effect of existing liver-related comorbidities on treatment and outcome of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32239590, "pmcid": "PMC7228272", "title": "Clinical findings in a patient with haemophilia A affected by COVID-19.", "journal": "Haemophilia", "authors": ["Cui, Dongyan", "Zhang, Ai", "Liu, Aiguo", "Hu, Qun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239590", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229257, "pmcid": "PMC7270846", "title": "Risk-adapted Treatment Strategy For COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zheng, Changcheng", "Wang, Jinquan", "Guo, Hui", "Lu, Zhaohui", "Ma, Yan", "Zhu, Yuyou", "Xia, Daqing", "Wang, Yinzhong", "He, Hongliang", "Zhou, Jian", "Wang, Yong", "Fei, Mingming", "Yin, Yihong", "Zheng, Mao", "Xu, Yehong"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229257", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are no clear expert consensus or guidelines on how to treat 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The objective of this study is to investigate the short-term effect of risk-adapted treatment strategy on patients with COVID-19. We collected the medical records of 55 COVID-19 patients for analysis. We divided these patients into mild, moderate and severe groups, and risk-adapted treatment approaches were given according to the illness severity. Twelve patients were in mild group and 22 were in moderate group (non-severe group, n=34), and 21 patients were in severe group. At the end of the first two weeks after admission, clinical manifestations had completely despeared in 31(91.2%)patients in non-severe group, and 18(85.7%) patients in severe group (p=0.85). Both groups had a satisfied chest CT imaging recovery, which includes 22(64.7%) patients in non-severe group and 12(57.1%) patients in severe group recovered at least 50% of the whole leisions in the first week, and 28(82.4%) and 16(76.2%) recovered at least 75% in the second week, respectively. There were no significant differences in SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid negativity (p=0.92). There were also no significant differences in the levels of SARS-CoV-2-IgM and IgG antibody production between the two groups (p=0.13, 0.62). There were 45 cases were discharged from the hospital, and no patients died at the time of this clinical analysis. Risk-adapted treatment strategy was associated with significant clinical manifestations alleviation and clinical imaging recovery. In severe COVID-19 patients, early and short-term use of low-dose methylprednisolone was beneficial and did not delay SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid clearance and influence IgG antibody production."}, {"pmid": 32452979, "pmcid": "PMC7268863", "title": "Pediatric Crohn's Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and COVID-19 Treated with Infliximab.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Dolinger, Michael T", "Person, Hannibal", "Smith, Rachel", "Jarchin, Lauren", "Pittman, Nanci", "Dubinsky, Marla C", "Lai, Joanne"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452979", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to a severe inflammatory response referred to as a cytokine storm. We describe a case of severe COVID-19 infection in a recently diagnosed pediatric Crohn's disease patient successfully treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) blockade. The patient presented with five days of fever, an erythematous maculopapular facial rash, and abdominal pain without respiratory symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 PCR was positive. Despite inpatient treatment for COVID-19 and a perianal abscess, the patient acutely decompensated, with worsening fever, tachycardia, fluid-refractory hypotension, elevation of liver enzymes, and transformation of the rash into purpura extending from the face to the trunk, upper and lower extremities, including the palmar and plantar surfaces of the hands and feet. Cytokine profile revealed rising levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and TNF-\u03b1, higher than those described in either inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or severe COVID-19 alone. The patient was treated with infliximab for TNF-\u03b1 blockade to address both moderately to severely active Crohn's disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) temporally related to COVID-19. Within hours of infliximab treatment, fever, tachycardia and hypotension resolved. Cytokine profile improved with normalization of TNF-\u03b1, a decrease in IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations. This case supports a role for blockade of TNF-\u03b1 in the treatment of COVID-19 inflammatory cascade. The role of anti-TNF agents in patients with MIS-C temporally related to COVID-19 requires further investigation."}, {"pmid": 32232395, "pmcid": "PMC7184383", "title": "Initial COVID-19 affecting cardiac patients in China.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Han, Yaling"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232395", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513346, "title": "Evaluation of modelling study shows limits of COVID-19 importing risk simulations in sub-Saharan Africa.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Miyachi, T", "Tanimoto, T", "Kami, M"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513346", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520227, "title": "Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Carvalho, Werther Brunow de", "Gibelli, Maria Augusta Cicaroni", "Krebs, Vera Lucia Jornada", "Calil, Valdenise Martins Laurindo Tuma", "Nicolau, Carla Marques", "Johnston, Cintia"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520227", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479828, "pmcid": "PMC7259895", "title": "The right to health must guide responses to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Puras, Dainius", "de Mesquita, Judith Bueno", "Cabal, Luisa", "Maleche, Allan", "Meier, Benjamin Mason"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479828", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415510, "pmcid": "PMC7227800", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic brings a second wave of social isolation and disrupted services.", "journal": "Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Stefana, Alberto", "Youngstrom, Eric A", "Hopwood, Christopher J", "Dakanalis, Antonios"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415510", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467112, "title": "Can the UK emulate the South Korean approach to covid-19?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Majeed, Azeem", "Seo, Yongseok", "Heo, Kyungmoo", "Lee, Daejoong"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467112", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341630, "pmcid": "PMC7179067", "title": "Tackling Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) in Workplaces.", "journal": "Indian J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Ramesh, Naveen", "Siddaiah, Archana", "Joseph, Bobby"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341630", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are zoonotic viruses and six species of Coronaviruses are known to cause human disease such as cause common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. In January 2020, scientists in Wuhan, China isolated a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for an outbreak of unknown pneumonia that had not been previously reported among humans. This virus spreads from person to person, through respiratory droplets, close contact, and by touching surfaces or objects contaminated by the virus. The incubation period varies between 2 days and 14 days. Symptoms usually include fever, cough, difficulty in breathing, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome. Older age and co-morbid conditions increase the fatality. Any person with a history of travel to and from COVID-19 affected countries in the past 14 days or any person who has had close contact with a laboratory confirmed COVID-19 are suspect cases and needs evaluation. Currently no vaccine is available and treatment is mainly supportive. Measures at workplace should include- avoiding non-essential travel, identifying and isolating sick employees at the earliest, hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, environmental hygiene and social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32449792, "title": "Severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a 58-year-old patient with HIV: a clinical case report from the Republic of Cyprus.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Iordanou, Stelios", "Koukios, Dimitris", "Matsentidou, Chrystalla-Timiliotou", "Markoulaki, Despina", "Raftopoulos, Vasilios"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449792", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "HIV and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) co-infection is a major challenge for the clinicians as it urged the importance of developing an optimal pharmaceutical scheme and patient's management. The reports that have been recently published regarding the course of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with HIV are sparse. In this brief report we describe, our first single-centre experience from a 58-year-old Caucasian male patient with HIV who developed a severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, including clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32472377, "pmcid": "PMC7258601", "title": "Neurosurgeons and the fight with COVID-19: a position statement from the EANS Individual Membership Committee.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Ganau, Mario", "Netuka, David", "Broekman, Marike", "Zoia, Cesare", "Tsianaka, Eleni", "Schwake, Michael", "Balak, Naci", "Sekhar, Amitendu", "Ridwan, Sami", "Clusmann, Hans"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472377", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470119, "title": "Coronavirus3D: 3D structural visualization of COVID-19 genomic divergence.", "journal": "Bioinformatics", "authors": ["Sedova, Mayya", "Jaroszewski, Lukasz", "Alisoltani, Arghavan", "Godzik, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470119", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemics is spreading around the world, the SARS-CoV-2 virus is evolving with mutations that potentially change and fine-tune functions of the proteins coded in its genome. Coronavirus3D website integrates data on the SARS-CoV-2 virus mutations with information about 3D structures of its proteins, allowing users to visually analyze the mutations in their 3D context. Coronavirus3D server is freely available at https://coronavirus3d.org."}, {"pmid": 32247324, "pmcid": "PMC7270833", "title": "Global coalition to accelerate COVID-19 clinical research in resource-limited settings.", "journal": "Lancet", "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247324", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505720, "title": "Positive Outcome in a COVID-19 patient with Common Variable Immunodeficiency after IVIG.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Aljaberi, Rana", "Wishah, Kholoud"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505720", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364028, "title": "Response of a comprehensive cancer center to the COVID-19 pandemic: the experience of the Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano.", "journal": "Tumori", "authors": ["Valenza, Franco", "Papagni, Gabriele", "Marchiano, Alfonso", "Daidone, Maria Grazia", "DeBraud, Filippo", "Colombo, Mario Paolo", "Frignani, Andrea", "Galmozzi, Gustavo", "Ladisa, Vito", "Pruneri, Giancarlo", "Salvioni, Roberto", "Spada, Pierangelo", "Torresani, Michele", "Rinaldi, Oliviero", "Manfredi, Stefano", "Votta, Marco", "Apolone, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364028", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is affecting many countries. While healthcare systems need to cope with the need to treat a large number of people with different degrees of respiratory failure, actions to preserve aliquots of the healthcare system to guarantee treatment to patients are mandatory. In order to protect the Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano from the spread of COVID-19, a number of to-hospital and within-hospital filters were applied. Among others, a triage process to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positivity in patients with cancer was developed consisting of high-resolution low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan followed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nose-throat swabs whenever CT was suggestive of lung infection. To serve symptomatic patients who were already admitted to the hospital or in need of hospitalization while waiting for RT-PCR laboratory confirmation of infection, a COVID-19 surveillance zone was set up. A total of 301 patients were screened between March 6 and April 3, 2020. Of these, 47 were hospitalized, 53 needed a differential diagnosis to continue with their cancer treatment, and 201 were about to undergo surgery. RT-PCR was positive in 13 of 40 hospitalized patients (32%), 14 of 52 day hospital patients (27%), and 6 of 201 surgical patients (3%). Applying filters to protect our comprehensive cancer center from COVID-19 spread contributed to guaranteeing cancer care during the COVID-19 crisis in Milan. A surveillance area and surgical triage allowed us to protect the hospital from as many as 33 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32332481, "title": "Managing Close Contacts of COVID-19 Confirmed Cases in Metropolitan Areas in China.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Ding, Jing", "Tuan, Wen-Jan", "Temte, Jonathan L"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332481", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has rapidly spread across the world. As medical systems continue to develop vaccines and treatments, it is crucial for the public health community to establish nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that can effectively mitigate the rate of SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread across highly populated residential areas, especially among individuals who have close contact with confirmed cases. A community-driven preparedness strategy has been implemented in metropolitan areas in China. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) has required that all COVID-19 confirmed cases be recorded and documented in a national notifiable disease surveillance system (NDSS). After receiving reports of newly confirmed cases, an epidemiological services team at the CCDC or trained medical professionals at local clinical facilities start a case-contact investigation. A task force performs home visits to infected individuals. Persons under investigation (PUIs) can stay in designated quarantine facilities for 14 days or in special circumstances can be quarantined at home. This community-based approach involved all stakeholders including local public health departments, public safety authorities, neighborhood councils, and community health centers."}, {"pmid": 32502054, "title": "A 3-month-old child with COVID-19: A case report.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Li, Chenxi", "Luo, Fan", "Wu, Bing"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502054", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is pandemic and is a medical issue. However, children account for a small portion of those with the disease, and there are few published reports of COVID-19 in children. The patient reported in this case report is the youngest case reported in Chengdu, China to date. A 3-month-old male infant presented with cough and rhinorrhea. Family members from Wuhan, the epicenter of the epidemic came to stay in the patient's home 16 days before the onset of his disease, and his mother had been diagnosed with COVID-19. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 based on a history of exposure and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The patient was admitted to hospital and treated symptomatically with oral medication. The patient recovered completely and was discharged after one month of hospitalization. He tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR and a chest CT performed 4 weeks after admission showed marked improvement prior to discharge. Clinicians must be aware of the presentation of COVID-19 in children because it differs from that in adults."}, {"pmid": 32327245, "pmcid": "PMC7166306", "title": "Early chest computed tomography to diagnose COVID-19 from suspected patients: A multicenter retrospective study.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Miao, Congliang", "Jin, Mengdi", "Miao, Li", "Yang, Xinying", "Huang, Peng", "Xiong, Huanwen", "Huang, Peijie", "Zhao, Qi", "Du, Jiang", "Hong, Jiang"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327245", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to distinguish the imaging features of COVID-19 from those of other infectious pulmonary diseases and evaluate the diagnostic value of chest CT for suspected COVID-19 patients. Adult patients suspected of COVID-19 aged >18\u00a0years who underwent chest CT scans and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests within 14\u00a0days of symptom onset were enrolled. The enrolled patients were confirmed and grouped according to the results of the RT-PCR tests. The basic demographics, single chest CT features, and combined chest CT features were analyzed for the confirmed and nonconfirmed groups. A total of 130 patients were enrolled, with 54 testing positive and 76 testing negative. The typical CT imaging features of the positive group were ground glass opacities (GGOs), the crazy-paving pattern and air bronchogram. The lesions were mostly distributed bilaterally and close to the lower lungs or the pleura. When features were combined, GGOs with bilateral pulmonary distribution and GGOs with pleural distribution were more common among the positive patients, found in 31 (57.4%) and 30 patients (55.6%), respectively. The combinations were almost all statistically significant (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05), except for the combination of GGOs with consolidation. Most combinations presented relatively low sensitivity but extremely high specificity. The average specificity of these combinations was approximately 90%. The combinations with GGOs could be useful in the identification and differential diagnosis of COVID-19, alerting clinicians to isolate patients for prompt treatment and repeat RT-PCR tests until the end of incubation."}, {"pmid": 32270698, "title": "Physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease at the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon M", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270698", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496237, "title": "AYUSH for COVID-19: Science or Superstition?", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Priya, Ritu", "Sujatha, V"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496237", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a lot of discussion on COVID-19 control strategies from the mainstream approaches, but it is also necessary to examine the contributions of the Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Riga and Homeopathy (AYUSH) sector, which is now being brought into public health interventions nationally. Although the AYUSH sector had previously joined the management of dengue and chikungunya outbreaks in some Indian states, its participation has remained contentious and there is reluctance in mainstream public health discourses to seriously examine their interventions. This is a commentary on the efforts made by the Ministry of AYUSH, state AYUSH directorates, AYUSH research institutions, and public hospitals, based on official documents as well as official statements reported in the media, with the aim of bringing out concerns in the process of adapting traditional textual knowledge and practices to public health requirements of the current age."}, {"pmid": 31991079, "pmcid": "PMC7121428", "title": "Importation and Human-to-Human Transmission of a Novel Coronavirus in Vietnam.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Phan, Lan T", "Nguyen, Thuong V", "Luong, Quang C", "Nguyen, Thinh V", "Nguyen, Hieu T", "Le, Hung Q", "Nguyen, Thuc T", "Cao, Thang M", "Pham, Quang D"], "date": "2020-01-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31991079", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217532, "title": "Covid-19: Gilead withdraws orphan drug designation from potential treatment after criticism.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217532", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395837, "pmcid": "PMC7273092", "title": "Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Surgeons during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Availability, Usage, and Rationing.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Jessop, Zita M", "Dobbs, Thomas D", "Ali, Stephen R", "Combellack, Emman", "Clancy, Rachel", "Ibrahim, Nader", "Jovic, Thomas H", "Kaur, Anjana J", "Nijran, Amit", "O'Neill, Tomas B", "Whitaker, Iain S"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395837", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Surgeons need guidance regarding appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic based on scientific evidence rather than availability. The aim of this paper is to inform surgeons of appropriate PPE requirements, and to discuss usage, availability, rationing and future solutions. A systematic review was undertaken in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, & WHO COVID-19 Databases. Newspaper and internet article sources were identified using NEXIS. The search was complemented by bibliographic secondary linkage. The findings were analysed alongside guidelines from the World Health Organisation (WHO), Public Health England (PHE), the Royal College of Surgeons & Specialty Associations. Of a total 1329 articles identified, 305 were removed (duplicates etc), and finally, 95 studies met the inclusion criteria. Recommendations made by the WHO regarding the use of PPE in the COVID-19 pandemic have evolved alongside emerging evidence. Medical resources including PPE have been rapidly overwhelmed. There is a global effort to overcome this by combining the most effective use of existing PPE in combination with innovative strategies to produce more. Practical advice on all aspects of PPE are detailed in this systematic review. Although there is a need to balance limited supplies with staff and patient safety, this should not leave surgeons treating patients with inadequate PPE. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32342146, "pmcid": "PMC7186185", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: is a gender-defined dosage effect responsible for the high mortality rate among males?", "journal": "Immunogenetics", "authors": ["de Groot, Natasja G", "Bontrop, Ronald E"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342146", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511042, "title": "COVID-19 and Inequities in Oral Health Care for Older People: An Opportunity for Emerging Paradigms.", "journal": "JDR Clin Trans Res", "authors": ["Leon, S", "Giacaman, R A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511042", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe restrictions have been imposed in most countries for oral health care to the general population, allowing treatment only for emergencies, because of the generation of aerosols during clinical procedures and to ration personal protective equipment (PPE) during the pandemic. This article stresses the critical situation that affects oral health for older persons in the complex times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Older adults are at high risk for the viral infection, but neglected dental conditions may worsen their health, triggering infections that can lead to local and systemic complications, compromising general health. We propose that under current and possibly future scenarios, teledentistry and the minimal intervention dentistry approach may play a pivotal role in reshaping the profession. The already existent inequities in oral health care may be exacerbated due to the pandemic, especially in the developing world. More research along with a strong educational component in the dental curriculum must be emphasized. COVID-19 may be an opportunity to change canonical paradigms. The dental profession must reflect and take action to face future challenges. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This article provides an overview of the oral health situation imposed by COVID-19 and the minimal intervention alternatives to provide care to older people who are at risk and have reduced access to care."}, {"pmid": 32531236, "pmcid": "PMC7282797", "title": "Potential drugs for the treatment of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in China.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Pan, Xiaoqi", "Dong, Lan", "Yang, Nian", "Chen, Dayi", "Peng, Cheng"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531236", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The fight against the novel coronavirus pneumonia (namely COVID-19) that seriously harms human health is a common task for all mankind. Currently, development of drugs against the novel coronavirus (namely SARS-CoV-2) is quite urgent. Chinese medical workers and scientific researchers have found some drugs to play potential therapeutic effects on COVID-19 at the cellular level or in preliminary clinical trials. However, more fundamental studies and large sample clinical trials need to be done to ensure the efficacy and safety of these drugs. The adoption of these drugs without further testing must be careful. The relevant articles, news, and government reports published on the official and Preprint websites, PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases from December 2019 to April 2020 were searched and manually filtered. The general pharmacological characteristics, indications, adverse reactions, general usage, and especially current status of the treatment of COVID-19 of those potentially effective drugs, including chemical drugs, traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), and biological products in China were summarized in this review to guide reasonable medication and the development of specific drugs for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32412303, "title": "Is the kidney a target of SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Renal Physiol", "authors": ["Martinez-Rojas, Miguel Angel", "Vega-Vega, Olynka", "Bobadilla, Norma A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412303", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new disease produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents a major pandemic event nowadays. Since its origin in China in December 2019, there is compelling evidence that novel SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible virus, and it is associated to a broad clinical spectrum going from subclinical presentation to severe respiratory distress and multiorgan failure. Like other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 recognizes human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a cellular receptor that allows it to infect different host cells and likely disrupts renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system homeostasis. Particularly, a considerable incidence of many renal abnormalities associated to COVID-19 has been reported, including proteinuria, hematuria, and acute kidney injury. Moreover, it has been recently demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 can infect podocytes and tubular epithelial cells, which could contribute to the development of the aforementioned renal abnormalities. In this review, we discuss the biological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, how understanding current knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 infection may partly explain the involvement of the kidneys in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, and what questions have arisen and remain to be explored."}, {"pmid": 32484718, "title": "Coronavirus pandemic: how is neurosurgical-oncology practice affected?", "journal": "Br J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Hatiboglu, Mustafa Aziz", "Sinclair, Georges"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484718", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337769, "pmcid": "PMC7267448", "title": "Noscapine, a possible drug candidate for attenuation of cytokine release associated with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Ebrahimi, Soltan A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337769", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Successful treatment of viral infections has proven to be huge challenge for modern medicine with the most effective approach being prior vaccination. The problem with vaccination is the time it takes to develop an effective vaccine, validate its safety and manufacture it in large quantities. Facing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), we simply do not have the time to develop the vaccine before thousands of people die. Therefore, any treatment which can decrease the severe symptoms due to lung damage may help attenuate mortality rates. Inactivation of ACE2 during virus fusion into the host cell may be one of the underlying reasons for intense immunological reaction seen in the lung tissue. This overreaction is probably mediated through the bradykinin receptor activation. Noscapine, a medication used for the treatment of cough, has been shown to inhibit bradykinin enhanced cough response in man. As it is already marketed in a number of countries as a cough medicine, even for children, a suitable formulation with all the required licenses is available that can be rapidly utilized in preliminary trials."}, {"pmid": 32282455, "pmcid": "PMC7228448", "title": "Life in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Curr Sports Med Rep", "authors": ["Roberts, William O"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282455", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293835, "pmcid": "PMC7195988", "title": "COVID-19: Prevention and control measures in community", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Guner, Rahmet", "Hasanoglu, Imran", "Aktas, Firdevs"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293835", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 30, 2020, the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a public health emergency of international concern and, in March 2020, began to characterize it as a pandemic in order to emphasize the gravity of the situation and urge all countries to take action in detecting infection and preventing spread. Unfortunately, there is no medication that has been approved by the FDA, gone through controlled studies and demonstrated an effect on the virus for this global pandemic. Although there are cures for illnesses and developments made by leaps and bounds in our day, the strongest and most effective weapon that society has against this virus that is affecting not just health but also economics, politics, and social order, is the prevention of its spread. The main points in preventing the spread in society are hand hygiene, social distancing and quarantine. With increased testing capacity, detecting more COVID-19 positive patients in the community will also enable the reduction of secondary cases with stricter quarantine rules."}, {"pmid": 32419750, "pmcid": "PMC7213030", "title": "The Challenge of Managing Parkinson's Disease Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Indian Acad Neurol", "authors": ["Garg, Divyani", "Dhamija, Rajinder K"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419750", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (nCoV) pandemic is rapidly developing across the globe and new information is emerging expeditiously and constantly, particularly in relation to neurological illnesses. Both central and peripheral nervous system involvement has been reported including headache, dizziness, hyposmia/anosmia, taste disturbances, seizures, stroke, alteration of the sensorium, and even acute hemorrhagic necrotizing leukoencephalopathy. Varying degrees of olfactory disturbances may pre-empt the diagnosis of COVID-19. Although no direct effect of 2019 nCoV has been reported yet on Parkinson's disease, there are enormous possible indirect effects and implications. We examine the potential effects and challenges posed by this pandemic to individuals with Parkinson's disease, particularly in the Indian context where telecommunication access or support group access may be lacking for these patients. Additionally, lockdown and social distancing may pose hurdles in the provision of optimum medical therapy, particularly if patients experience motor and non-motor deteriorations due to diverse reasons."}, {"pmid": 32409515, "title": "The #ASRASpring20 conference was canceled due to COVID-19 but the science survives and thrives.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Gupta, Rajnish K", "Mariano, Edward R", "Narouze, Samer", "Elkassabany, Nabil M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409515", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407298, "title": "Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Pediatric Vaccine Ordering and Administration - United States, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Santoli, Jeanne M", "Lindley, Megan C", "DeSilva, Malini B", "Kharbanda, Elyse O", "Daley, Matthew F", "Galloway, Lisa", "Gee, Julianne", "Glover, Mick", "Herring, Ben", "Kang, Yoonjae", "Lucas, Paul", "Noblit, Cameron", "Tropper, Jeanne", "Vogt, Tara", "Weintraub, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407298", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 13, 2020, the president of the United States declared a national emergency in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (1). With reports of laboratory-confirmed cases in all 50 states by that time (2), disruptions were anticipated in the U.S. health care system's ability to continue providing routine preventive and other nonemergency care. In addition, many states and localities issued shelter-in-place or stay-at-home orders to reduce the spread of COVID-19, limiting movement outside the home to essential activities (3). On March 24, CDC posted guidance emphasizing the importance of routine well child care and immunization, particularly for children aged \u226424 months, when many childhood vaccines are recommended."}, {"pmid": 32433342, "title": "Cardiovascular Manifestation and Treatment in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Su, Yen-Bo", "Kuo, Ming-Jen", "Lin, Ting-Yu", "Chien, Chian-Shiu", "Yang, Yi-Ping", "Chou, Shih-Jie", "Leu, Hsin-Bang"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433342", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with first presentation of atypical pneumonia, has spread rapidly from Wuhan, China on December 12, 2019 to over 200 countries, caused 2310572 infected individuals and 158691 mortalities, updated on 2020/4/19. Many studies have published timely to help global health-care workers to understand and control the disease. Vulnerable patients with risk factors such as elderly, cardiovascular diseases (e.g. hypertension, coronary disease, or cardiomyopathy), diabetes, chronic kidney disease\u2026etc., have worse outcomes after covid-19 infection. COVID-19 could directly cause cardiovascular injuries such as pericarditis, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias or thromboembolic events, which urge cardiologists to be involved in the frontline to practice. Here we provide a review of COVID-19 on cardiovascular system to assist clinical cardiologists to better understand the disease and being capable of providing comprehensive medical support."}, {"pmid": 32422349, "pmcid": "PMC7227511", "title": "Fibrinolysis Shutdown Correlates to Thromboembolic Events in Severe COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Wright, Franklin L", "Vogler, Thomas O", "Moore, Ernest E", "Moore, Hunter B", "Wohlauer, Max V", "Urban, Shane", "Nydam, Trevor L", "Moore, Peter K", "McIntyre, Robert C Jr"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422349", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predisposes patients to a prothrombotic state with demonstrated microvascular involvement. The degree of hypercoagulability appears to correlate with outcomes, however optimal criteria to assess for the highest risk patients for thrombotic events remain unclear; we hypothesized that deranged thromboelastography (TEG) measurements of coagulation would correlate with thromboembolic events. Patients admitted to an intensive care unit with COVID-19 diagnoses that had TEG analyses performed were studied. Conventional coagulation assays, D-dimer levels, and viscoelastic parameters were analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic curve to predict thromboembolic outcomes and new onset renal failure. Forty-four patients with COVID-19 were included in the analysis. Derangements in coagulation laboratory values including elevated D-Dimer, fibrinogen, PT, and PTT were confirmed; viscoelastic parameters showed an elevated maximum amplitude and low lysis at 30 minutes. A complete lack of lysis of clot at 30 minutes was seen in 57% of patients and predicted VTE with an AUROC of .742 (p=0.021). A D-Dimer cutoff of 2600 ng/ml predicted need for dialysis with an AUROC of .779 (p=0.005). Overall, patients with no lysis of clot at 30 minutes and a D-Dimer of greater than 2600 ng/ml had a rate of VTE of 50% compared to 0% for patients with neither risk factor (p=0.008) and had a hemodialysis rate of 80% compared to 14% (p=0.004). Fibrinolysis shutdown, as evidenced by elevated D-Dimer and complete failure of clot lysis at 30 minutes on thromboelastography, predicts thromboembolic events and need for hemodialysis in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Further clinical trials are required to ascertain the need for early therapeutic anticoagulation or fibrinolytic therapy to address this state of fibrinolysis shutdown."}, {"pmid": 32498742, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccine Development and Production: An Ethical Way Forward.", "journal": "Camb Q Healthc Ethics", "authors": ["Iserson, Kenneth V"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498742", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376546, "pmcid": "PMC7086127", "title": "[Laboratory testing techniques for SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Qiu, Feng", "Wang, Huijun", "Zhang, Zikang", "Cao, Longbin", "Wang, Chenlong", "Wu, Jingbiao", "Du, Qingfeng"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376546", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing epidemic of caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 starting in December 2019 poses a serious public health threat globally. The virus is highly infectious and transmitted mainly through droplets and contacts, and is associated with a high risk of pneumonia. A small number of patients may present with acute respiratory distress syndrome with severe respiratory complications, which can lead even to death. The selection of appropriate detection techniques and methods for accurate and rapid identification of pathogens therefore plays a key role in improving the diagnosis and treatment of the patients and containing the outbreak. In this review, the authors gives an overview of the virus laboratory detection technology, including virus isolation and culture, real-time fluorescent PCR, gene sequencing, serological antibody detection, and the gene editing technology based on CRISPR/Cas13 system. These techniques are expected to provide valuable assistance in controlling the epidemic and new ideas for future researches."}, {"pmid": 32250978, "pmcid": "PMC7173083", "title": "Importance of oral and nasal decontamination for patients undergoing anesthetics during the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Loftus, Randy W", "Dexter, Franklin", "Parra, Michelle C", "Brown, Jeremiah R"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250978", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297851, "pmcid": "PMC7205550", "title": "Positive RT-PCR tests among discharged COVID-19 patients in Shenzhen, China.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Tang, Xiujuan", "Zhao, Shi", "He, Daihai", "Yang, Lin", "Wang, Maggie H", "Li, Yuan", "Mei, Shujiang", "Zou, Xuan"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297851", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525698, "title": "A Closed Chamber ENT Examination Unit for Aerosol-Generating Endoscopic Examinations of COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["Sayin, Ibrahim", "Devecioglu, Ibrahim", "Yazici, Zahide Mine"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525698", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245802, "title": "Covid-19: how a virus is turning the world upside down.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kickbusch, Ilona", "Leung, Gabriel M", "Bhutta, Zulfiqar A", "Matsoso, Malebona Precious", "Ihekweazu, Chikwe", "Abbasi, Kamran"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245802", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463518, "title": "Mental wellbeing and burnout in surgical trainees: implications for the post-COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Kadhum, M", "Farrell, S", "Hussain, R", "Molodynski, A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463518", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443430, "title": "How to Influence Rural Tourism Intention by Risk Knowledge during COVID-19 Containment in China: Mediating Role of Risk Perception and Attitude.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Zhu, Hui", "Deng, Fumin"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443430", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With both cost and safety taken into account in the context of the life-threatening COVID-19 pandemic globally, rural tourism is expected to be the top choice for Chinese residents for relaxation and enhancing parent-child relationships. In this paper, a structural equation (SEM) model was proposed to compare risk knowledge, risk perception, risk aversion attitudes and behavioral intentions towards rural tourism. According to the empirical results, there was a large proportion of tourists showing preference for rural tourism recently. Potential participants in rural tourism paid most attention to the performance realization and time cost of scenic spots, while the psycho-social risk posed by COVID-19 had little impact. The inherent risk nature of risk aversion attitudes made knowledge of the pneumonia risk less effective in reducing tourists' intentions, while knowledge of the pneumonia risk was more effective in alleviating the risk perception that potential tourists have towards rural tourism. With regard to travel intention and recommendation intention of rural tourism, the negative impacts of risk aversion attitude were more considerable compared to risk perception. Meanwhile, the parallel mediating effect of risk perception and risk aversion attitude in rural tourism needed to be taken into consideration together."}, {"pmid": 32286936, "title": "Coronavirus Pandemic Calls for an Immediate Social Work Response.", "journal": "Soc Work Public Health", "authors": ["Walter-McCabe, Heather A"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286936", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314455, "pmcid": "PMC7264681", "title": "COVID-19 infection may cause ketosis and ketoacidosis.", "journal": "Diabetes Obes Metab", "authors": ["Li, Juyi", "Wang, Xiufang", "Chen, Jian", "Zuo, Xiuran", "Zhang, Hongmei", "Deng, Aiping"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314455", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present study included 658 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. Forty-two (6.4%) out of 658 patients presented with ketosis on admission with no obvious fever or diarrhoea. They had a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 47.0 (38.0-70.3) years, and 16 (38.1%) were men. Patients with ketosis were younger (median age 47.0 vs. 58.0\u2009years; P = 0.003) and had a greater prevalence of fatigue (31.0% vs. 10.6%; P\u2009<\u20090.001), diabetes (35.7% vs. 18.5%; P = 0.007) and digestive disorders (31.0% vs. 12.0%; P\u2009<\u20090.001). They had a longer median (IQR) length of hospital stay (19.0 [12.8-33.3] vs. 16.0 [10.0-24.0] days; P\u2009<\u20090.001) and a higher mortality rate (21.4% vs. 8.9%; P = 0.017). Three (20.0%) out of the 15 patients with diabetic ketosis developed acidosis, five patients (26.7%) with diabetic ketosis died, and one of these (25.0%) presented with acidosis. Two (7.4%) and four (14.3%) of the 27 non-diabetic ketotic patients developed severe acidosis and died, respectively, and one (25.0%) of these presented with acidosis. This suggests that COVID-19 infection caused ketosis or ketoacidosis, and induced diabetic ketoacidosis for those with diabetes. Ketosis increased the length of hospital stay and mortality. Meanwhile, diabetes increased the length of hospital stay for patients with ketosis but had no effect on their mortality."}, {"pmid": 32127125, "pmcid": "PMC7055035", "title": "Authors' response: Plenty of coronaviruses but no SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Reusken, Chantal B", "Haagmans, Bart", "Meijer, Adam", "Corman, Victor M", "Papa, Anna", "Charrel, Remi", "Drosten, Christian", "Koopmans, Marion"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127125", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377812, "pmcid": "PMC7202679", "title": "CT and COVID-19: Chinese experience and recommendations concerning detection, staging and follow-up.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Fan, Li", "Liu, ShiYuan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377812", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474933, "title": "Rapid publishing in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Talley, Nicholas J"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474933", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495849, "title": "Gender differences in COVID-19 infection. The estrogen effect on upper and lower airways. Can it help to figure out a treatment?", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Di Stadio, A", "Della Volpe, A", "Ralli, M", "Ricci, G"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495849", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385677, "pmcid": "PMC7206577", "title": "HIV and Food Insecurity: A Syndemic Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["McLinden, Taylor", "Stover, Sofia", "Hogg, Robert S"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385677", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371041, "pmcid": "PMC7194037", "title": "Cancer care under the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Yasri, Sora", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371041", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485121, "title": "Caring for Children with Cancer in Africa during the COVID-19 Crisis: Implications and Opportunities.", "journal": "Pediatr Hematol Oncol", "authors": ["Slone, Jeremy S", "Ozuah, Nmazuo", "Wasswa, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485121", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501348, "pmcid": "PMC7255156", "title": "Smokers are actually at a higher risk of dying from covid-19.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Wilson, Clare"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501348", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379084, "pmcid": "PMC7273929", "title": "Daily pool testing of nasopharyngeal self-obtained swaps of healthcare professionals with definite COVID-19 exposition.", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Mockel, Martin", "Thibeault, Charlotte", "Stein, Angela", "Hofmann, Jorg", "Gastmeier, Petra"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434416, "pmcid": "PMC7250318", "title": "Mice with humanized-lungs and immune system - an idealized model for COVID-19 and other respiratory illness.", "journal": "Virulence", "authors": ["Pujhari, Sujit", "Rasgon, Jason L"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434416", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lack of an appropriate animal model to study severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent responsible for COVID-19 pandemic disease, represents a significant hurdle in the process of understanding disease biology and evaluating therapeutic and preventive candidates. It is time for public health agencies to revisit regulation on transplantation of human pluripotent stem cells for the possibility of the development of a humanized mice model with a humanized lung."}, {"pmid": 32240128, "pmcid": "PMC7119514", "title": "Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Residents of a Long-Term Care Skilled Nursing Facility - King County, Washington, March 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Kimball, Anne", "Hatfield, Kelly M", "Arons, Melissa", "James, Allison", "Taylor, Joanne", "Spicer, Kevin", "Bardossy, Ana C", "Oakley, Lisa P", "Tanwar, Sukarma", "Chisty, Zeshan", "Bell, Jeneita M", "Methner, Mark", "Harney, Josh", "Jacobs, Jesica R", "Carlson, Christina M", "McLaughlin, Heather P", "Stone, Nimalie", "Clark, Shauna", "Brostrom-Smith, Claire", "Page, Libby C", "Kay, Meagan", "Lewis, James", "Russell, Denny", "Hiatt, Brian", "Gant, Jessica", "Duchin, Jeffrey S", "Clark, Thomas A", "Honein, Margaret A", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Jernigan, John A"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240128", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older adults are susceptible to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes as a consequence of their age and, in some cases, underlying health conditions (1). A COVID-19 outbreak in a long-term care skilled nursing facility (SNF) in King County, Washington that was first identified on February 28, 2020, highlighted the potential for rapid spread among residents of these types of facilities (2). On March 1, a health care provider at a second long-term care skilled nursing facility (facility A) in King County, Washington, had a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, after working while symptomatic on February 26 and 28. By March 6, seven residents of this second facility were symptomatic and had positive test results for SARS-CoV-2. On March 13, CDC performed symptom assessments and SARS-CoV-2 testing for 76 (93%) of the 82 facility A residents to evaluate the utility of symptom screening for identification of COVID-19 in SNF residents. Residents were categorized as asymptomatic or symptomatic at the time of testing, based on the absence or presence of fever, cough, shortness of breath, or other symptoms on the day of testing or during the preceding 14 days. Among 23 (30%) residents with positive test results, 10 (43%) had symptoms on the date of testing, and 13 (57%) were asymptomatic. Seven days after testing, 10 of these 13 previously asymptomatic residents had developed symptoms and were recategorized as presymptomatic at the time of testing. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing cycle threshold (Ct) values indicated large quantities of viral RNA in asymptomatic, presymptomatic, and symptomatic residents, suggesting the potential for transmission regardless of symptoms. Symptom-based screening in SNFs could fail to identify approximately half of residents with COVID-19. Long-term care facilities should take proactive steps to prevent introduction of SARS-CoV-2 (3). Once a confirmed case is identified in an SNF, all residents should be placed on isolation precautions if possible (3), with considerations for extended use or reuse of personal protective equipment (PPE) as needed (4)."}, {"pmid": 32425647, "pmcid": "PMC7229726", "title": "Covid-19 accelerates endothelial dysfunction and nitric oxide deficiency.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Green, Shawn J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425647", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484612, "pmcid": "PMC7269012", "title": "Expression of Concern: Mehra MR et al. Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19. N Engl J Med. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007621.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484612", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378815, "title": "Clinical Characterization of 162 COVID-19 patients in Israel: Preliminary Report from a Large Tertiary Center.", "journal": "Isr Med Assoc J", "authors": ["Itelman, Edward", "Wasserstrum, Yishay", "Segev, Amitai", "Avaky, Chen", "Negru, Liat", "Cohen, Dor", "Turpashvili, Natia", "Anani, Sapir", "Zilber, Eyal", "Lasman, Nir", "Athamna, Ahlam", "Segal, Omer", "Halevy, Tom", "Sabiner, Yehuda", "Donin, Yair", "Abraham, Lital", "Berdugo, Elisheva", "Zarka, Adi", "Greidinger, Dahlia", "Agbaria, Muhamad", "Kitany, Noor", "Katorza, Eldad", "Shenhav-Saltzman, Gilat", "Segal, Gad"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378815", "countries": ["China", "Israel"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In February 2020, the World Health Organisation designated the name COVID-19 for a clinical condition caused by a virus identified as a cause for a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. The virus subsequently spread worldwide, causing havoc to medical systems and paralyzing global economies. The first COVID-19 patient in Israel was diagnosed on 27 February 2020. To present our findings and experiences as the first and largest center for COVID-19 patients in Israel. The current analysis included all COVID-19 patients treated in Sheba Medical Center from February 2020 to April 2020. Clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological data gathered during their hospitalization are presented. Our 162 patient cohort included mostly adult (mean age of 52 \u00b1 20 years) males (65%). Patients classified as severe COVID-19 were significantly older and had higher prevalence of arterial hypertension and diabetes. They also had significantly higher white blood cell counts, absolute neutrophil counts, and lactate dehydrogenase. Low folic acid blood levels were more common amongst severe patients (18.2 vs. 12.9 vs. 9.8, P = 0.014). The rate of immune compromised patients (12%) in our cohort was also higher than in the general population. The rate of deterioration from moderate to severe disease was high: 9% necessitated non-invasive oxygenation and 15% were intubated and mechanically ventilated. The mortality rate was 3.1. COVID-19 patients present a challenge for healthcare professionals and the whole medical system. We hope our findings will assist other providers and institutions in their care for these patients."}, {"pmid": 32162032, "pmcid": "PMC7079823", "title": "How to balance acute myocardial infarction and COVID-19: the protocols from Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Zeng, Jie", "Huang, Jianxin", "Pan, Lingai"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162032", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32035429, "title": "[Recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children (first interim edition)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035429", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409741, "pmcid": "PMC7224130", "title": "Modulation of immune crosstalk in COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Salome, Berengere", "Mahmood, Zafar"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409741", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531307, "title": "An Invited Commentary on: Emergency and Essential Surgical Healthcare Services during COVID-19 in Low- And Middle-Income Countries: a Perspective.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Griffin, M F"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531307", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467383, "title": "The precarious position of postdocs during COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Ahmed, M Arslan", "Behbahani, Amir H", "Bruckner, Adrian", "Charpentier, Caroline J", "Morais, Livia H", "Mallory, Stewart", "Pool, Allan-Hermann"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467383", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400882, "title": "COVID-19 and telehealth: a window of opportunity and its challenges.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Nittas, Vasileios", "von Wyl, Viktor"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400882", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437030, "title": "Laser-assisted head and neck surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic: controversial evidence and precautions.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Gallo, Oreste", "Locatello, Luca Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437030", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276101, "pmcid": "PMC7144848", "title": "Conservative Management of COVID-19 Patients-Emergency Palliative Care in Action.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Fusi-Schmidhauser, Tanja", "Preston, Nancy J", "Keller, Nikola", "Gamondi, Claudia"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276101", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading across the world. Many patients will not be suitable for mechanical ventilation owing to the underlying health conditions, and they will require a conservative approach including palliative care management for their important symptom burden. To develop a management plan for patients who are not suitable for mechanical ventilation that is tailored to the stage their COVID-19 disease. Patients were identified as being stable, unstable, or at the end of life using the early warning parameters for COVID-19. Furthermore, a COVID-19-specific assessment tool was developed locally, focusing on key symptoms observed in this population which assess dyspnoea, distress, and discomfort. This tool helped to guide the palliative care management as per patients' disease stage. A management plan for all patients' (stable, unstable, end of life) was created and implemented in acute hospitals. Medication guidelines were based on the limitations in resources and availability of drugs. Staff members who were unfamiliar with palliative care required simple, clear instructions to follow including medications for key symptoms such as dyspnoea, distress, fever, and discomfort. Nursing interventions and family involvement were adapted as per patients' disease stage and infection control requirements. Palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic needs to adapt to an emergency style of palliative care as patients can deteriorate rapidly and require quick decisions and clear treatment plans. These need to be easily followed up by generalist staff members caring for these patients. Furthermore, palliative care should be at the forefront to help make the best decisions, give care to families, and offer spiritual support."}, {"pmid": 32439771, "title": "AI systems aim to sniff out coronavirus outbreaks.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cho, Adrian"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439771", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392017, "pmcid": "PMC7217126", "title": "Adult ICU Triage During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Who Will Live and Who Will Die? Recommendations to Improve Survival.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Sprung, Charles L", "Joynt, Gavin M", "Christian, Michael D", "Truog, Robert D", "Rello, Jordi", "Nates, Joseph L"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392017", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 patients are currently overwhelming the world's healthcare systems. This article provides practical guidance to front-line physicians forced to make critical rationing decisions. PubMed and Medline search for scientific literature, reviews, and guidance documents related to epidemic ICU triage including from professional bodies. Clinical studies, reviews, and guidelines were selected and reviewed by all authors and discussed by internet conference and email. References and data were based on relevance and author consensus. We review key challenges of resource-driven triage and data from affected ICUs. We recommend that once available resources are maximally extended, triage is justified utilizing a strategy that provides the greatest good for the greatest number of patients. A triage algorithm based on clinical estimations of the incremental survival benefit (saving the most life-years) provided by ICU care is proposed. \"First come, first served\" is used to choose between individuals with equal priorities and benefits. The algorithm provides practical guidance, is easy to follow, rapidly implementable and flexible. It has four prioritization categories: performance score, ASA score, number of organ failures, and predicted survival. Individual units can readily adapt the algorithm to meet local requirements for the evolving pandemic. Although the algorithm improves consistency and provides practical and psychologic support to those performing triage, the final decision remains a clinical one. Depending on country and operational circumstances, triage decisions may be made by a triage team or individual doctors. However, an experienced critical care specialist physician should be ultimately responsible for the triage decision. Cautious discharge criteria are proposed acknowledging the difficulties to facilitate the admission of queuing patients. Individual institutions may use this guidance to develop prospective protocols that assist the implementation of triage decisions to ensure fairness, enhance consistency, and decrease provider moral distress."}, {"pmid": 32366617, "title": "Important role of emergency department doctors after the outbreak of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Lu, Xiao", "Xu, Shanxiang"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366617", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32167173, "pmcid": "PMC7228302", "title": "The potential chemical structure of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lung, Jrhau", "Lin, Yu-Shih", "Yang, Yao-Hsu", "Chou, Yu-Lun", "Shu, Li-Hsin", "Cheng, Yu-Ching", "Liu, Hung Te", "Wu, Ching-Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167173", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan and it has rapidly spread to almost all parts of the world. For coronaviruses, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is an important protease that catalyzes the replication of RNA from RNA template and is an attractive therapeutic target. In this study, we screened these chemical structures from traditional Chinese medicinal compounds proven to show antiviral activity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the similar chemical structures through a molecular docking study to target RdRp of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We found that theaflavin has a lower idock score in the catalytic pocket of RdRp in SARS-CoV-2 (-9.11\u2009kcal/mol), SARS-CoV (-8.03\u2009kcal/mol), and MERS-CoV (-8.26\u2009kcal/mol) from idock. To confirm the result, we discovered that theaflavin has lower binding energy of -8.8\u2009kcal/mol when it docks in the catalytic pocket of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp by using the Blind Docking server. Regarding contact modes, hydrophobic interactions contribute significantly in binding and additional hydrogen bonds were found between theaflavin and RdRp. Moreover, one \u03c0-cation interaction was formed between theaflavin and Arg553 from the Blind Docking server. Our results suggest that theaflavin could be a potential SARS-CoV-2 RdRp inhibitor for further study."}, {"pmid": 32253449, "pmcid": "PMC7131986", "title": "Correction to: Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Ruan, Qiurong", "Yang, Kun", "Wang, Wenxia", "Jiang, Lingyu", "Song, Jianxin"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253449", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China."}, {"pmid": 32530027, "title": "Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19-\"Preventive\" Sick Certificates as a Frequent Coping Strategy in the Face of the Pandemic.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Schlabitz, Franziska", "Teich, Niels", "Michl, Patrick", "Walldorf, Jens"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530027", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234150, "title": "[Interpretation of \"Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection by the National Health Commission (Trial Version 5)\"].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Lin, L", "Li, T S"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234150", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32351206, "title": "Insomnia and psychological reactions during the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Li, Yun", "Qin, Qingsong", "Sun, Qimeng", "Sanford, Larry D", "Vgontzas, Alexandros N", "Tang, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351206", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495576, "title": "[Visual analysis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) studies based on bibliometrics].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Ying", "Guo, Yi-Bo", "Guo, Ran", "Chen, Xiu-Fen", "Chang, Guan-Hua", "Li, Xin", "Hao, Li-Yu", "Sun, Zhi-Rong", "Zhang, Zi-Long"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495576", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the development of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), this study systematically retrieved relevant Chinese and English literatures from both CNKI and Web of Science database platforms by bibliometric research method and CiteSpace 5.5.R2 software to obtain information and visualize relevant literatures. A total of 695 Chinese and 446 English literatures were included in this paper. Statistics showed that China had published most of the literatures and established close cooperation with the United States and the United Kingdom. Through the analysis, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and its affiliated hospitals published the largest number of the publications. Moreover, the highly productive journals including Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and The Lancet covered eight major fields, such as medicine, medical virology, radiation medicine, infectious disease, and traditional Chinese medicine. Besides, a total of 35 special COVID-19 funds were recently established to subsidize these studies. The key words and themes analysis indicated that protein structure of COVID-19, receptor targets and mechanisms of action, integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, screening and development of antiviral drugs from traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, vaccine research as well as epidemiological characteristics and prediction are current study hotspots. This study provides a reference for researchers to rapidly master main study directions of COVID-19 and screen out relevant literatures."}, {"pmid": 32342872, "pmcid": "PMC7184972", "title": "A rapid review of evidence and recommendations from the SIOPE radiation oncology working group to help mitigate for reduced paediatric radiotherapy capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic or other crises.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Janssens, Geert O", "Mandeville, Henry C", "Timmermann, Beate", "Maduro, John H", "Alapetite, Claire", "Padovani, Laetitia", "Horan, Gail", "Lassen-Ramshad, Yasmin", "Dieckmann, Karin", "Ruebe, Christian", "Thorp, Nicky", "Gandola, Lorenza", "Ajithkumar, Thankamma", "Boterberg, Tom"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342872", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To derive evidence-based recommendations for the optimal utilisation of resources during unexpected shortage of radiotherapy capacity. We have undertaken a rapid review of published literature on the role of radiotherapy in the multimodality treatment of paediatric cancers governing the European practise of paediatric radiotherapy. The derived data has been discussed with expert paediatric radiation oncologists to derive a hierarchy of recommendations. The general recommendations to mitigate the potential detriment of an unexpected shortage of radiotherapy facilities include: (1) maintain current standards of care as long as possible (2) refer to another specialist paediatric radiotherapy department with similar level of expertise (3) prioritise use of existing radiotherapy resources to treat patients with tumours where radiotherapy has the most effect on clinical outcome (4) use chemotherapy to defer the start of radiotherapy where timing of radiotherapy is not expected to be detrimental (5) active surveillance for low-grade tumours if appropriate and (6) consider iso-effective hypofractionated radiotherapy regimens only for selected patients with predicted poor prognosis. The effectiveness of radiotherapy and recommendations for prioritisation of its use for common and challenging paediatric tumours are discussed. This review provides evidence-based treatment recommendations during unexpected shortage of paediatric radiotherapy facilities. It has wider applications for the optimal utilisation of facilities, to improve clinical outcome in low- and middle-income countries, where limited resources continue to be a challenge."}, {"pmid": 32266822, "pmcid": "PMC7200871", "title": "Call for Papers: The Pathophysiology of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Morty, Rory E", "Ziebuhr, John"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266822", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437052, "title": "Increase in COVID-19 cases and case-fatality and case-recovery rates in Europe: A cross-temporal meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Karadag, Engin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437052", "countries": ["Sweden", "Netherlands", "Germany", "Austria", "China", "United Kingdom", "Russian Federation", "Belgium"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus (COVID-19) infection reported in\u00a0China in December 2019 has become a pandemic in a few weeks, affecting the entire world. In this respect, it is crucial to determine the case-increase,\u00a0case-fatality, and case-recovery rates to control COVID-19. In this study, the case-increase, case-fatality, and case-recovery rates of COVID-19 in 36 European countries were analyzed with the meta-analysis method using data released by the health organizations and WHO. The data were obtained from the website of health organizations of 36 European countries and the website of WHO until 11 May 2020. The analyses were carried out on 1\u2009744\u2009704 COVID-19-diagnosed cases in 36 European countries. The case-increase, case-fatality and case-recovery rates of COVID-19 were calculated using 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), single-arm meta-analysis, cross-temporal meta-analysis, and meta-regression random-effects model. The standardized case-increase rate of COVID-19 is 5% (95% CI [0.040, 0.063]) and the average case-increase rate in European countries has started to decline by around 3% (95% CI [0.047, 0.083]) weekly. The countries with the highest rate of case increase are Belgium, Sweden, Russia, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Although the case-fatality rate of COVID-19 patients was 4.5% as of May 11 (95% CI [0.037-0.055]), this rate is 6.3% (95% CI [0.047, 0.083]) in standardized time (6th week). The case-recovery rates of patients are 46% (95% CI [0.376-0.547]). This study presents important results regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. Although the rate of increase in new COVID-19 cases has dropped, there is not much decline in the case-fatality rates and no increase in case-recovery rates. The case-fatality rate of COVID-19 in Europe was estimated to be in the range of 4% to 4.5% and a minimum of 4 weeks (as of 11 May) is\u00a0expected to have the figure below 1% in a\u00a0country with an average case-increase rate. Monitoring case fatalities\u00a0in Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden, and treatment successes in Germany and Austria play a role of utmost importance."}, {"pmid": 32360584, "pmcid": "PMC7192109", "title": "Possible use of the mucolytic drug, bromhexine hydrochloride, as a prophylactic agent against SARS-CoV-2 infection based on its action on the Transmembrane Serine Protease 2.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Habtemariam, Solomon", "Nabavi, Seyed Fazel", "Ghavami, Saeid", "Cismaru, Cosmin Andrei", "Berindan-Neagoe, Ioana", "Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360584", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387620, "pmcid": "PMC7204731", "title": "The surgeon and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Verzaro, Roberto", "Nishida, Seigo"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387620", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418055, "pmcid": "PMC7229881", "title": "COVID-19 virus may have neuroinvasive potential and cause neurological complications: a perspective review.", "journal": "J Neurovirol", "authors": ["Sepehrinezhad, Ali", "Shahbazi, Ali", "Negah, Sajad Sahab"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418055", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported at the end of 2019 in China for the first time and has rapidly spread throughout the world as a pandemic. Since COVID-19 causes mild to severe acute respiratory syndrome, most studies in this field have only focused on different aspects of pathogenesis in the respiratory system. However, evidence suggests that COVID-19 may affect the central nervous system (CNS). Given the outbreak of COVID-19, it seems necessary to perform investigations on the possible neurological complications in patients who suffered from COVID-19. Here, we reviewed the evidence of the neuroinvasive potential of coronaviruses and discussed the possible pathogenic processes in CNS infection by COVID-19 to provide a precise insight for future studies."}, {"pmid": 32286616, "title": "Cultivating Deliberate Resilience During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Rosenberg, Abby R"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286616", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306166, "pmcid": "PMC7165252", "title": "The prevention and management of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in radiology departments in epidemic areas.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Deng, Ming"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306166", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review based on the actual results of epidemic prevention management in radiology departments in epidemic areas, and using designated hospital management methods, to summarize the radiology protection system. With the cooperation of the whole hospital and radiology department, a number of effective evaluation methods have been carried out to ensure the optimization of clinical protection. These practical methods provide a\u00a0basis for the further promotion of management strategies and reduction of nosocomial infection. To our knowledge, the establishment of standardized protection and clear process has opened up a new idea of epidemic prevention management, which can effectively provide timely, efficient, and accurate support for clinical research, and promote the transformation from clinical research type to scientific research management type."}, {"pmid": 32381503, "title": "Covid-19: Nightingale hospitals set to shut down after seeing few patients.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381503", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222191, "pmcid": "PMC7194627", "title": "COVID-19 cacophony: is there any orchestra conductor?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Flahault, Antoine"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222191", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487797, "title": "The seXY side of COVID-19: what is behind female protection?", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Antonello, Roberta Maria", "Dal Bo, Eugenia", "De Cristofaro, Paolo", "Luzzati, Roberto", "Di Bella, Stefano"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487797", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Not availble."}, {"pmid": 32322046, "pmcid": "PMC7175450", "title": "Prevalence of malnutrition and analysis of related factors in elderly patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Li, Tao", "Zhang, Yalan", "Gong, Cheng", "Wang, Jing", "Liu, Bao", "Shi, Li", "Duan, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322046", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition and its related factors in elderly patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated the nutritional status of elderly inpatients with COVID-19 using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Based on MNA scores, patients were divided into non-malnutrition group (MNA\u2009\u2265\u200924), the group with risk of malnutrition (MNA 17-23.5) and malnutrition group (MNA score < 17). Regression analysis was conducted to screen for risk factors for malnutrition. A total of 182 patients were included in the study, of which 27.5% were in the group with malnutrition risk and 52.7% were in the malnutrition group. There were statistical differences in the incidence of comorbid diabetes mellitus, body mass index (BMI), calf circumference,albumin, hemoglobin, and lymphocyte counts among the three groups. Further regression analysis suggested that combined diabetes, low calf circumference, and low albumin were independent risk factors for malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition in elderly patients with COVID-19 was high, and nutritional support should be strengthened during treatment, especially for those with diabetes mellitus, low calf circumference, or low albumin."}, {"pmid": 32427205, "pmcid": "PMC7229919", "title": "Optimal policies for control of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Yousefpour, Amin", "Jahanshahi, Hadi", "Bekiros, Stelios"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427205", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Understanding the early transmission dynamics of diseases and estimation of the effectiveness of control policies play inevitable roles in the prevention of epidemic diseases. To this end, this paper is concerned with the design of optimal control strategies for the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). A mathematical model of severe SARS-CoV-2 transmission based on Wuhan's data is considered in this study. To solve the presented problem effectively and efficiently, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is proposed to achieve high-quality schedules for various factors such as contact rate and transition rate of symptomatic infected individuals to the quarantined infected class. By changing the contact rate and the transition rate of symptomatic infected individuals to the quarantined infected class, two optimal policies are designed. This study has two main scientific contributions that are: (1) This is pioneer research that proposes policies regarding COVID-19, (2) This is also the first research that addresses COVID-19 and considers its economic consequences through a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. Numerical simulations conspicuously demonstrate that by applying optimal policies, governments could find useful and practical ways for control of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32459837, "title": "Tobacco Use Patterns in five countries during the COVID-19 Lockdown.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Yach, Derek"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459837", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282871, "pmcid": "PMC7175423", "title": "Inflammatory Response Cells During Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Yulin", "Gao, Yuxue", "Qiao, Luxin", "Wang, Wenjing", "Chen, Dexi"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282871", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32105633, "pmcid": "PMC7128208", "title": "Staff safety during emergency airway management for COVID-19 in Hong Kong.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Cheung, Jonathan Chun-Hei", "Ho, Lap Tin", "Cheng, Justin Vincent", "Cham, Esther Yin Kwan", "Lam, Koon Ngai"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105633", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490908, "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: a risk factor for pulmonary thromboembolism?", "journal": "J Bras Pneumol", "authors": ["Jasinowodolinski, Dany", "Filisbino, Mariana Marins", "Baldi, Bruno Guedes"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490908", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405234, "pmcid": "PMC7218397", "title": "Comment on: COVID-19 or Pulmonary Contusion? A Diagnostic Dilemma.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Sefidbakht, S", "Iranpour, P"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405234", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522847, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and the reduction in ST-elevation myocardial infarction admissions.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Kulkarni, Prashanth", "Mahadevappa, Manjappa"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522847", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305487, "pmcid": "PMC7162743", "title": "Risk factors for severe COVID-19: Evidence from 167 hospitalized patients in Anhui, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wei, Yuan-Yuan", "Wang, Rui-Rui", "Zhang, Da-Wei", "Tu, You-Hui", "Chen, Chang-Shan", "Ji, Shuang", "Li, Chun-Xi", "Li, Xiu-Yong", "Zhou, Meng-Xi", "Cao, Wen-Sheng", "Han, Ming-Feng", "Fei, Guang-He"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305487", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341945, "pmcid": "PMC7183976", "title": "COVID-19: Fever syndrome and neurological symptoms in a neonate.", "journal": "An Pediatr (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Chacon-Aguilar, Rocio", "Osorio-Camara, Juana Maria", "Sanjurjo-Jimenez, Isabel", "Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Carolina", "Lopez-Carnero, Juan", "Perez-Moneo-Agapito, Begona"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341945", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348831, "pmcid": "PMC7194947", "title": "Oculofacial Plastic Surgery and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Current Reactions and Implications for the Future.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Langer, Paul D", "Bernardini, Francesco P"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348831", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451352, "title": "SARS-CoV-2: Viral Mechanisms and Possible Therapeutic Targets - What to learn from Rheumatologists?", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Mouraa, Carlos Antonio", "Cerqueira de Sant'Ana Costa, Ana Luisa"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451352", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It was with great interest that we read the letter from Randy Cron and collaborators (1) linking the cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) seen in macrophage activation syndrome, common in the rheumatological setting, with the CSS postulated to be a background in the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Amid the high contagiousness of the virus, science was also infected by an infodemia, compelled to enter a race to find effective therapies studying mechanisms molecular aspects of SARS-CoV-2 concomitant to urgent bedside manage of patients."}, {"pmid": 32210378, "title": "Coronavirus pandemic threatens launch of world's most-expensive telescope.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Witze, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210378", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348678, "title": "Respiratory Pathophysiology of Mechanically Ventilated Patients with COVID-19: A Cohort Study.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Ziehr, David R", "Alladina, Jehan", "Petri, Camille R", "Maley, Jason H", "Moskowitz, Ari", "Medoff, Benjamin D", "Hibbert, Kathryn A", "Thompson, B Taylor", "Hardin, C Corey"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348678", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496871, "title": "COVID-19: Crisis Management in Congenital Heart Surgery.", "journal": "World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg", "authors": ["Stephens, Elizabeth H", "Dearani, Joseph A", "Guleserian, Kristine J", "Overman, David M", "Tweddell, James S", "Backer, Carl L", "Romano, Jennifer C", "Bacha, Emile"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496871", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529462, "pmcid": "PMC7287281", "title": "May the Central Nervous System Be Fogged by the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19?: an Appraisal.", "journal": "J Neuroimmune Pharmacol", "authors": ["Balcioglu, Yasin Hasan", "Yesilkaya, Umit Haluk", "Gokcay, Hasan", "Kirlioglu, Simge Seren"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529462", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395179, "pmcid": "PMC7206578", "title": "Successful COVID-19 rescue therapy by extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory failure: a case report.", "journal": "Patient Saf Surg", "authors": ["Firstenberg, Michael S", "Stahel, Philip F", "Hanna, Jennifer", "Kotaru, Chakradhar", "Crossno, Joseph Jr", "Forrester, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395179", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The value of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for patients suffering from novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a rescue therapy for respiratory failure remains controversial and associated with high mortality rates of 50 to 82% in early reports from Wuhan, China. We hypothesized that patient outcomes would be improved at our tertiary cardiothoracic surgery referral center with a protocolized team-approach for ECMO treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 disease. A 51-year-old healthy female developed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) bilateral pneumonia while vacationing in Colorado with her family. She was transferred to our facility for a higher level of care. Her respiratory status continued to deteriorate despite maximized critical care, including prone positioning ventilation and nitric oxide inhalation therapy. Veno-venous ECMO was initiated on hospital day 7 in conjunction with a 10-day course of compassionate use antiviral treatment with remdesivir. The patient's condition improved significantly and she was decannulated from ECMO on hospital day 17 (ECMO day 11). She was successfully extubated and eventually discharged to rehabilitation on hospital day 28. This case report demonstrates a positive outcome in a young patient with COVID-19 treated by the judicious application of ECMO in conjunction with compassionate use antiviral treatment (remdesivir). Future prospective multi-center studies are needed to validate these findings in a larger cohort of patients."}, {"pmid": 32360697, "pmcid": "PMC7190487", "title": "Metformin in COVID-19: A possible role beyond diabetes.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Sharma, Swati", "Ray, Avik", "Sadasivam, Balakrishnan"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360697", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483488, "pmcid": "PMC7245646", "title": "Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Intensive Care", "authors": ["Huang, Ian", "Pranata, Raymond"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483488", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical and laboratory biomarkers to predict the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are essential in this pandemic situation of which resource allocation must be urgently prepared especially in the context of respiratory support readiness. Lymphocyte count has been a marker of interest since the first COVID-19 publication. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to investigate the association of lymphocyte count on admission and the severity of COVID-19. We would also like to analyze whether patient characteristics such as age and comorbidities affect the relationship between lymphocyte count and COVID-19. Comprehensive and systematic literature search was performed from PubMed, SCOPUS, EuropePMC, ProQuest, Cochrane Central Databases, and Google Scholar. Research articles in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with information on lymphocyte count and several outcomes of interest, including mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intensive care unit (ICU) care, and severe COVID-19, were included in the analysis. Inverse variance method was used to obtain mean differences and its standard deviations. Maentel-Haenszel formula was used to calculate dichotomous variables to obtain odds ratios (ORs) along with its 95% confidence intervals. Random-effect models were used for meta-analysis regardless of heterogeneity. Restricted-maximum likelihood random-effects meta-regression was performed for age, gender, cardiac comorbidity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, and smoking. There were a total of 3099 patients from 24 studies. Meta-analysis showed that patients with poor outcome have a lower lymphocyte count (mean difference - 361.06\u2009\u03bcL [- 439.18, - 282.95], p < 0.001; I2 84%) compared to those with good outcome. Subgroup analysis showed lower lymphocyte count in patients who died (mean difference - 395.35\u2009\u03bcL [- 165.64, - 625.07], p < 0.001; I2 87%), experienced ARDS (mean difference - 377.56\u2009\u03bcL [- 271.89, - 483.22], p < 0.001; I2 0%), received ICU care (mean difference - 376.53\u2009\u03bcL [- 682.84, - 70.22], p = 0.02; I2 89%), and have severe COVID-19 (mean difference - 353.34\u2009\u03bcL [- 250.94, - 455.73], p < 0.001; I2 85%). Lymphopenia was associated with severe COVID-19 (OR 3.70 [2.44, 5.63], p < 0.001; I2 40%). Meta-regression showed that the association between lymphocyte count and composite poor outcome was affected by age (p = 0.034). This meta-analysis showed that lymphopenia on admission was associated with poor outcome in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32268637, "title": "[Health protection guideline of enterprises during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268637", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This guideline is applicable to the disinfection and personal protection measures for enterprise employees from perspetives of taking the commuter shuttles, having meals, and office life during COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32287365, "pmcid": "PMC7110265", "title": "The Coming Coronavirus Crisis: What Can We Learn?", "journal": "Inter Econ", "authors": ["Lucchese, Matteo", "Pianta, Mario"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287365", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic is bringing with it the prospect of severe financial and economic crises. The article investigates its economic consequences in terms of financial instability, economic recession, lower incomes and policy challenges at the national and European levels. What are some of the lessons that can be learned? This article argues that health is a global public good. Public health and welfare systems are crucial alternatives to the market and universal public health is a key element of an egalitarian policy."}, {"pmid": 32165057, "pmcid": "PMC7134524", "title": "[The novel coronavirus Covid-19: What are the ophthalmic risks?]", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Tahiri Joutei Hassani, R", "Sandali, O"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165057", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32225135, "title": "Pathways for urology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Minerva Urol Nefrol", "authors": ["Simonato, Alchiede", "Giannarini, Gianluca", "Abrate, Alberto", "Bartoletti, Riccardo", "Crestani, Alessandro", "De Nunzio, Cosimo", "Gregori, Andrea", "Liguori, Giovanni", "Novara, Giacomo", "Pavan, Nicola", "Trombetta, Carlo", "Tubaro, Andrea", "Porpiglia, Francesco", "Ficarra, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225135", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The public health emergency caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a significant reallocation of health resources with a consequent reorganization of the clinical activities also in several urological centers. A panel of Italian urologists has agreed on a set of recommendations on pathways of pre-, intra- and post-operative care for urological patients undergoing urgent procedures or non-deferrable oncological interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Simplification of the diagnostic and staging pathway has to be prioritized in order to reduce hospital visits and consequently the risk of contagion. In absence of strict uniform regulations that impose the implementation of nasopharyngeal swabs, we recommend that an accurate triage for possible COVID-19 symptoms be performed both by telephone at home before hospitalization and at the time of hospitalization. We recommend that during hospital stay patients should be provided with as many instructions as possible to facilitate their return to, and stay at, home. Patients should be discharged under stable good conditions in order to minimize the risk of readmission. It is advisable to reduce or reschedule post-discharge controls and implement an adequate system of communication for telemonitoring discharged patients in order to reduce hospital visits."}, {"pmid": 32485619, "pmcid": "PMC7250074", "title": "Epidemiological and clinical features of 200 hospitalized patients with corona virus disease 2019 outside Wuhan, China: A descriptive study.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Yang, Luhuan", "Liu, Jinglan", "Zhang, Rong", "Li, Mingwu", "Li, Zifeng", "Zhou, Xiaojing", "Hu, Chuanjun", "Tian, Fei", "Zhou, Fating", "Lei, Yunhong"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485619", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide, with especially severe epidemics occurring in cities across China. To report the epidemiological and clinical futures of the 200 patients infected with COVID-19 in Yichang, Hubei Province, China. 200 patients confirmed with COVID-19 in a designated hospital in Yichang from Jan 30 to Feb 8, 2020 were investigated retrospectively. The epidemiological data and clinical characteristics were collected. The data between the ICU patients and non-ICU patients were compared. The patients were followed up till Feb 26, 2020. Of the 200 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 98 (49.0 %) were male, and the mean age was 55 years. Eighty-seven (43.5 %) had no linkage to Wuhan or contact history. Familial clustering was found in 34 patients. Sixtyfive (32.5 %) suffered from chronic diseases. The common symptoms included fever (171[85.5 %]), cough (116[58.0 %]), and fatigue (64[32 %]). Most patients had lymphopenia. One hundred and seventy-two (86 %) patients showed typical imaging findings of viral pneumonia. Most patients received antiviral, antibiotic, and corticosteroid treatment. Compared with the non-ICU patients, 29 (14.5 %) patients in the ICU were older and more likely to show dyspnea and complications including ARDS. As of Feb 26, 15 (51.7 %) patients in the ICU had died. The COVID-19 infection was of clustering onset and can cause severe respiratory disease and even death. The mortality of ICU patients with COVID-19 was considerably high."}, {"pmid": 32380023, "pmcid": "PMC7198187", "title": "Immunomodulation in COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Ingraham, Nicholas E", "Lotfi-Emran, Sahar", "Thielen, Beth K", "Techar, Kristina", "Morris, Rachel S", "Holtan, Shernan G", "Dudley, R Adams", "Tignanelli, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380023", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344292, "pmcid": "PMC7177080", "title": "COVID-19 in lung cancer patients receiving ALK/ROS1 inhibitors.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Leonetti, Alessandro", "Facchinetti, Francesco", "Zielli, Teresa", "Brianti, Elena", "Tiseo, Marcello"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344292", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328866, "pmcid": "PMC7179953", "title": "Disability, Urban Health Equity, and the Coronavirus Pandemic: Promoting Cities for All.", "journal": "J Urban Health", "authors": ["Pineda, Victor Santiago", "Corburn, Jason"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328866", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Persons with disabilities (PWDs) living in cities during the COVID-19 pandemic response may be four times more likely to be injured or die than non-disabled persons, not because of their \"vulnerable\" position but because urban health policy, planning and practice has not considered their needs. In this article, the adverse health impacts on PWDs during the COVID-19 pandemic reveals the \"everyday emergencies\" in cities for PWDs and that these can be avoided through more inclusive community planning, a whole-of-government commitment to equal access, and implementation of universal design strategies. Importantly, COVID-19 can place PWDs at a higher risk of infection since some may already have compromised immune and respiratory systems and policy responses, such as social distancing, can lead to life-threatening disruptions in care for those that rely on home heath or personal assistants. Living in cities may already present health-damaging challenges for PWDs, such as through lack of access to services and employment, physical barriers on streets and transportation, and smart-city technologies that are not made universally accessible. We suggest that the current pandemic be viewed as an opportunity for significant urban health reforms on the scale of the sanitary and governance reforms that followed ninetieth century urban epidemics. This perspective offers insights for ensuring the twenty-first century response to COVID-19 focuses on promoting more inclusive and healthy cities for all."}, {"pmid": 32435824, "pmcid": "PMC7237798", "title": "Simplified immune-dysregulation index: a novel marker predicts 28-day mortality of intensive care patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Chen, Hui", "Wang, Jun", "Su, Nan", "Bao, Xiebing", "Li, Yongsheng", "Jin, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435824", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497662, "pmcid": "PMC7263244", "title": "The Unexpected Risks of COVID-19 on Asthma Control in Children.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Oreskovic, Nicolas M", "Kinane, T Bernard", "Aryee, Emmanuel", "Kuhlthau, Karen A", "Perrin, James M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497662", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Much is being learned about clinical outcomes for adult COVID-19 patients with underlying chronic conditions; however, there is less coverage on how the COVID-19 pandemic impacts the management of chronic medical conditions, such as asthma, in children and youth. Asthma is a common chronic medical condition in children that is uniquely susceptible to changes brought on by COVID-19. Sudden dramatic changes in the environment, medical practice, and medication use have altered the asthma management landscape with potential impacts on asthma outcomes. In this paper, we review how changes in transportation and travel patterns, school attendance, physical activity, and time spent indoors, along with changes in health care delivery since the start of the pandemic, all play a contributing role in asthma control in children. We review potentially important influences of asthma control in children during the COVID-19 pandemic worthy of further study."}, {"pmid": 32427170, "pmcid": "PMC7229439", "title": "A multi-hazards earth science perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic: the potential for concurrent and cascading crises.", "journal": "Environ Syst Decis", "authors": ["Quigley, Mark C", "Attanayake, Januka", "King, Andrew", "Prideaux, Fabian"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427170", "countries": ["United States", "Australia", "China", "Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Meteorological and geophysical hazards will concur and interact with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) impacts in many regions on Earth. These interactions will challenge the resilience of societies and systems. A comparison of plausible COVID-19 epidemic trajectories with multi-hazard time-series curves enables delineation of multi-hazard scenarios for selected countries (United States, China, Australia, Bangladesh) and regions (Texas). In multi-hazard crises, governments and other responding agents may be required to make complex, highly compromised, hierarchical decisions aimed to balance COVID-19 risks and protocols with disaster response and recovery operations. Contemporary socioeconomic changes (e.g. reducing risk mitigation measures, lowering restrictions on human activity to stimulate economic recovery) may alter COVID-19 epidemiological dynamics and increase future risks relating to natural hazards and COVID-19 interactions. For example, the aggregation of evacuees into communal environments and increased demand on medical, economic, and infrastructural capacity associated with natural hazard impacts may increase COVID-19 exposure risks and vulnerabilities. COVID-19 epidemiologic conditions at the time of a natural hazard event might also influence the characteristics of emergency and humanitarian responses (e.g. evacuation and sheltering procedures, resource availability, implementation modalities, and assistance types). A simple epidemic phenomenological model with a concurrent disaster event predicts a greater infection rate following events during the pre-infection rate peak period compared with post-peak events, highlighting the need for enacting COVID-19 counter measures in advance of seasonal increases in natural hazards. Inclusion of natural hazard inputs into COVID-19 epidemiological models could enhance the evidence base for informing contemporary policy across diverse multi-hazard scenarios, defining and addressing gaps in disaster preparedness strategies and resourcing, and implementing a future-planning systems approach into contemporary COVID-19 mitigation strategies. Our recommendations may assist governments and their advisors to develop risk reduction strategies for natural and cascading hazards during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32476306, "pmcid": "PMC7261700", "title": "Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in a COVID-19 Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Etanercept: Case Report.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lee, Jong Mok", "Lee, Sang Jin"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476306", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The neurologic manifestations concerning coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are highly penetrated. Anosmia and ageusia are one of the common acute neurologic symptoms, which develop in the early stage of COVID-19. However, it is not reported that how immunosuppressive agents affect these symptoms. We report olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with etanercept during COVID-19. A 53-year-old female showing AS controlled with tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 inhibitor, etanercept, had been diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, presenting cough and rhinorrhea. One month after diagnosis, she complained about hyposmia and hypogeusia two days before the seronegative conversion of SARS-CoV-2, which were confirmed by a neurological examination. We speculate that the etanercept may have delayed the development of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in the patient."}, {"pmid": 32336577, "pmcid": "PMC7151412", "title": "Resilience of the restructured obstetric anaesthesia training program during the COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore.", "journal": "Int J Obstet Anesth", "authors": ["Lee, J S E", "Chan, J J I", "Ithnin, F", "Goy, R W L", "Sng, B L"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336577", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432804, "title": "Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) on Blood Services and Blood in Hong Kong in 2003.", "journal": "Transfus Med", "authors": ["Lee, C K"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432804", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346593, "pmcid": "PMC7185936", "title": "Clinical and imaging features of COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Haixia", "Ai, Li", "Lu, Hong", "Li, Hongjun"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346593", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, multiple cases of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been reported in Wuhan in China's Hubei Province, a disease which has subsequently spread rapidly across the entire country. Highly infectious, COVID-19 has numerous transmission channels and humans are highly susceptible to infection. The main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, fatigue, and a dry cough. Laboratory examination in the early stage of the disease shows a normal or decreased white blood cell count, and a decreased lymphocyte count. While CT examination serves as the screening and diagnostic basis for COVID-19, its accuracy is limited. The nucleic acid testing is the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19, but has a low sensitivity is low. There is clearly a divide between the two means of examination. This paper reviews the published literature, guidelines and consensus, and summarizes the clinical and imaging characteristics of COVID-19, in order to provide a reliable basis for early diagnosis and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32376103, "pmcid": "PMC7164845", "title": "Critical Concerns About 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection in Pediatric Population.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Wang, Chunya", "Zhao, Pan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376103", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530552, "title": "Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety among children with cystic fibrosis and their mothers.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Senkalfa, Burcu Pinar", "Eyuboglu, Tugba Sismanlar", "Aslan, Ayse Tana", "Gursoy, Tugba Ramasli", "Soysal, Azime Sebnem", "Yapar, Dilek", "Ilhan, Mustafa Necmi"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530552", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to evaluate anxiety among children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their mothers related to the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 45 patients with CF and their mothers were enrolled in the study together with 90 age-matched healthy children and their mothers as a control group. The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was administered by teleconference with children aged 13-18 years old and their mothers. The STAI for children was administered with children aged 9-12 years. Results were compared with age-matched healthy children and their mothers. The relationship between anxiety scores of children with CF and their mothers was evaluated by comparing with clinical data of children with CF. At the conclusion of the teleconference, mothers were asked whether their anxiety had changed as a result of the interview. It was found that healthy children aged 13-18 years had higher state anxiety scores than age-matched children with CF. Mothers of children with CF had higher trait anxiety scores, especially those of children aged 0-12 years, than mothers of healthy children (p<0.05). For mothers of children with CF, state anxiety scores were higher among those whose children had chronic Pseudomonas infection (p<0.05). Most mothers of children with CF stated that their anxiety decreased following the interview. The COVID-19 pandemic may increase anxiety among mothers of children with CF as well those with healthy children. However, COVID-19 had no effect on the anxiety of children with CF. Informing parents of children with CF about COVID-19 by teleconference may decrease anxiety. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32447070, "pmcid": "PMC7237366", "title": "Amplified ozone pollution in cities during the COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Sicard, Pierre", "De Marco, Alessandra", "Agathokleous, Evgenios", "Feng, Zhaozhong", "Xu, Xiaobin", "Paoletti, Elena", "Rodriguez, Jose Jaime Dieguez", "Calatayud, Vicent"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447070", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "France", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effect of lockdown due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on air pollution in four Southern European cities (Nice, Rome, Valencia and Turin) and Wuhan (China) was quantified, with a focus on ozone (O3). Compared to the same period in 2017-2019, the daily O3 mean concentrations increased at urban stations by 24% in Nice, 14% in Rome, 27% in Turin, 2.4% in Valencia and 36% in Wuhan during the lockdown in 2020. This increase in O3 concentrations is mainly explained by an unprecedented reduction in NOx emissions leading to a lower O3 titration by NO. Strong reductions in NO2 mean concentrations were observed in all European cities, ~53% at urban stations, comparable to Wuhan (57%), and ~65% at traffic stations. NO declined even further, ~63% at urban stations and ~78% at traffic stations in Europe. Reductions in PM2.5 and PM10 at urban stations were overall much smaller both in magnitude and relative change in Europe (~8%) than in Wuhan (~42%). The PM reductions due to limiting transportation and fuel combustion in institutional and commercial buildings were partly offset by increases of PM emissions from the activities at home in some of the cities. The NOx concentrations during the lockdown were on average 49% lower than those at weekends of the previous years in all cities. The lockdown effect on O3 production was ~10% higher than the weekend effect in Southern Europe and 38% higher in Wuhan, while for PM the lockdown had the same effect as weekends in Southern Europe (~6% of difference). This study highlights the challenge of reducing the formation of secondary pollutants such as O3 even with strict measures to control primary pollutant emissions. These results are relevant for designing abatement policies of urban pollution."}, {"pmid": 32334855, "pmcid": "PMC7131803", "title": "Extent and Quantification of Inflammation Burden in COVID-19 by Computed Tomography.", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Mendoza Ferradas, Francisco Javier", "Garcia Del Barrio, Loreto", "Bastarrika, Gorka"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334855", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220275, "title": "[Challenges to prevent and control the outbreak of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, X", "Na, R S", "Bi, Z Q"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220275", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of severe pneumonia of unknown cause was reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The infectious virus was soon identified and named as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov). The name of the coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) was given by WHO on 11 February 2020. It has so far caused about 118 000\u00a0cases in 114 countries including China and was characterized as a pandemic by WHO on 11 March. We still face great challenges in control of the epidemic: uncertain initial source of infection, infected populations widely scattered, complex routs of transmission, populations generally susceptible, high contagiousness of the virus, and finally vaccines unlikely available in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32287803, "pmcid": "PMC7131356", "title": "Covid-19 goes global.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287803", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our chance to limit international outbreaks may be over as the virus spreads in Italy and the Middle East, reports Debora MacKenzie."}, {"pmid": 32250958, "pmcid": "PMC7159056", "title": "A Mobile Health Platform to Disseminate Validated Institutional Measurements During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Utilization-Focused Evaluation Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Zamberg, Ido", "Manzano, Sergio", "Posfay-Barbe, Klara", "Windisch, Olivier", "Agoritsas, Thomas", "Schiffer, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250958", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As part of the response plans for the current outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), authorities are drafting and implementing containment measures across jurisdictions worldwide in the effort to slow down transmission and reduce the infection rate. A solid communication strategy is needed to increase the reach of valid information to health professionals, reduce misinformation, and efficiently implement recommended measures. The aim of this paper is to describe the utilization of a dedicated mobile health (mHealth) platform to disseminate up-to-date and validated information about SARS-CoV-2 to all medical staff of the Children's Hospital at the University Hospitals of Geneva. Three documents containing institutional information concerning screening, local containment procedures, and frequently asked questions and answers for parents were made available to the staff through a mobile app developed in the University of Geneva, Switzerland. Using a third-party statistics tool, we anonymously monitored user activity as well as content utilization patterns since the diagnosis of the first case of SARS-CoV-2 in Switzerland on February 25, 2020. From February 25, 2020, to March 13, 2020 (18 days), information documents on SARS-CoV-2 were viewed 859 times, which accounted for 35.6% of the total content views (total views=332). User activity increased significantly with 50.8 (SD 14.4) users per day in this period as compared to the previous weeks (mean 26.4, SD 9.8; P<.001). In addition, session numbers per day more than doubled during the aforementioned period (P<.001). In a survey, medical staff found the information easy to find within the app. On a 10-point Likert scale, the ability of the app to reassure staff in clinical practice was rated as 7.6 (SD 2.1), time-saving ability was rated as 8.5 (SD 2.1), and the need to look for information from other sources was rated as 5.9 (SD 3.3). The use of an mHealth solution to disseminate novel coronavirus-related information seemed to be an effective and time-saving communication channel within our institution during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Medical staff felt reassured and informed in daily practice. More research should be done on the clinical impact and outcomes of the integration of mHealth solutions as a communication channel of validated information within health institutions."}, {"pmid": 32387006, "pmcid": "PMC7252009", "title": "SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19): lessons to be learned by Brazilian Physical Therapists.", "journal": "Braz J Phys Ther", "authors": ["Pinto, Thiago Fernandes", "Carvalho, Celso R F de"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387006", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468710, "title": "Salvaging CNS Clinical Trials halted due to COVID-19.", "journal": "CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol", "authors": ["Geerts, Hugo", "van der Graaf, Piet H"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468710", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has halted many ongoing CNS clinical trials, especially in Alzheimer's disease. These long-duration trials involve many stakeholders, especially the patients and their family members, who have demonstrated their commitment to developing new therapeutic interventions for this devastating disease. We certainly do not want to lose all the knowledge we have gained from these ongoing trials because of the pandemic. While some of these trials will need to restart, others can re-start at different points along the trial protocol with substantial protocol amendments. However, there is an urgent need to combine useful information from the completers with those subjects undergoing complex protocols deviations and amendments after re-start. We propose the concept of mechanistic modeling-based virtual twin patients as a possible solution to harmonize the readouts from these complex and fragmented clinical datasets in a biologically relevant way."}, {"pmid": 32515375, "title": "Application of Biosafety Principles in Laboratory Analysis of Clinical Samples from Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Hussain Gardezi, Syed Adeel", "Ikram, Aamer"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515375", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 poses a great challenge to clinical and diagnostic services around the world. The need of biosafety practices can never be emphasised more than under current circumstances. The four pillars of biosafety namely, leadership, standard operating procedures, personal protective equipment (PPE) and engineering controls must be employed for effective and safe practices in the clinical setting in general and laboratory settings in particular. Risk assessment must be carried out before meeting up the diagnostic challenge for COVID-19 and essential biorisk management measures are required to be taken. In our resource-poor settings, we need to adapt safe but cost-effective and improvised solutions to ensure safe handling of clinical samples from COVID-19 patients in the laboratories. The correct use of PPE and their suitable alternatives are available for selection and use. Disinfection of the lab areas and safe disposal of the clinical samples from such patients is also of paramount importance."}, {"pmid": 32278716, "pmcid": "PMC7146690", "title": "The Restructuring of Structural Heart Disease Practice During The Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Chung, Christine J", "Nazif, Tamim M", "Wolbinski, Mariusz", "Hakemi, Emad", "Lebehn, Mark", "Brandwein, Russell", "Rezende, Carolina Pinheiro", "Doolittle, James", "Rabbani, Leroy", "Uriel, Nir", "Schwartz, Allan", "Biviano, Angelo", "Wan, Elaine", "Hathaway, Lisa", "Hahn, Rebecca", "Khalique, Omar", "Hamid, Nadira", "Ng, Vivian", "Patel, Amisha", "Vahl, Torsten", "Kirtane, Ajay", "Bapat, Vinayak", "George, Isaac", "Leon, Martin B", "Kodali, Susheel K"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278716", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with structural heart disease are at increased risk of adverse outcomes from the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) due to advanced age and comorbidity. In the midst of a global pandemic of a novel infectious disease, reality-based considerations comprise an important starting point for formulating clinical management pathways. The aims of these \"crisis-driven\" recommendations are: 1) to ensure appropriate and timely treatment of structural heart disease patients; 2) to minimize the risk of COVID-19 exposure to patients and health care workers; and 3) to limit resource utilization under conditions of constraint. Although the degree of disruption to usual practice will vary across the United States and elsewhere, we hope that early experiences from a heart team operating in the current global epicenter of COVID-19 may prove useful for others adapting their practice in advance of local surges of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32302442, "title": "RE: ISTH interim guidance to recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Akima, Satoshi", "McLintock, Claire", "Hunt, Beverley J"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The unrelenting acceleration of COVID-19 infections due to SARS-CoV-2 is unquestionably the greatest medical challenge of our professional careers. The Scientific and Standardisation Committee (SSC) on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) is to be commended for the rapid publication of guidance for clinicians worldwide to assist in management of the coagulopathy widely reported to be associated with severe COVID-19 infection. However, we would like to offer constructive feedback as to how the SSC's interim guidance1 might be improved."}, {"pmid": 32512383, "title": "Mitigating Coronavirus-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Radiotherapy.", "journal": "iScience", "authors": ["Li, Jian Jian"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512383", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by SARS-CoV-2-mediated cytokine storm (CS) in lungs leads to the high mortality in COVID-19 patients. To reduce ARDS, an ideal approach is to diminish virus loading by activating immune cells for CS prevention or to suppress the overactive cytokine-releasing immune cells for CS inhibition. Here, a potential radiation-mediated CS regulation is raised by reevaluating the radiation-mediated pneumonia control in the 1920s, with the following latent advantages of lung radiotherapy (LR) in treatment of COVID-19: (1) radiation accesses poorly circulated tissue more efficiently than blood-delivered medications; (2) low-dose radiation (LDR)-mediated metabolic rewiring and immune cell activation inhibit virus loading; (3) pre-consumption of immune reserves by LDR decreases CS severity; (4) higherdose radiation (HDR) within lung-tolerable doses relieves CS by eliminating in situ overactive cytokine-releasing cells. Thus, LDR and HDR or combined with antiviral and life-supporting modalities may mitigate SARS-CoV-2 and other virus-mediated ARDS."}, {"pmid": 32466826, "pmcid": "PMC7242920", "title": "Pre-operative COVID-19 testing and decolonization.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Morris, Melanie", "Pierce, Albert", "Carlisle, Brenda", "Vining, Brooke", "Dobyns, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466826", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419752, "pmcid": "PMC7213033", "title": "Managing Migraine in the Times of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Indian Acad Neurol", "authors": ["Chowdhury, Debashish", "Datta, Debabrata"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Migraine is one of the commonest and highly disabling chronic neurological diseases in the world. During the pandemic and lockdown, migraine patients are facing an enormous problem in getting optimum care because of difficulty in access, forced social isolation, and encountering a health system that is getting rapidly overwhelmed. It is important that they must be protected by minimizing their visits to the clinics and emergency departments. Paradoxically multiple triggers are in operation which is likely to increase their headache frequency. Hence physicians should be made aware of the new rules of the game in treating migraines during this time of the pandemic so that these patients get optimum treatment and care and don't feel left out. This review tries to answer a series of questions related to managing migraines in the times of COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32303575, "title": "Case series of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in a military recruit school: clinical, sanitary and logistical implications.", "journal": "BMJ Mil Health", "authors": ["Baettig, Sascha J", "Parini, A", "Cardona, I", "Morand, G B"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303575", "countries": ["China", "Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged from China in late 2019 and has now caused a worldwide pandemic. The impact of COVID-19 has not been described so far in a military setting. We therefore report a case series of infected patients in a recruit school in Switzerland and the herein associated challenges. Retrospective review of COVID-19 cases among Swiss Armed Forces recruits in the early weeks of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the canton of Ticino, the southernmost canton of Switzerland. Positive cases were defined with two positive PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal swabs. Serological testing was performed with a commercially available kit according to manufacturers' instructions. The first case was likely contaminated while skiing during weekend permission. He became symptomatic 4\u2009days later, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and was put into isolation. He showed complete symptom resolution after 48\u2009hours. Quarantine was ordered for all recruits with close contact in the past 2\u2009days, a total of 55 persons out of 140 in the company. Seven out of nine recruits in one particular quarantine room became mildly symptomatic. SARS-CoV-2 PCR was positive in one of them. Seven days after initial diagnosis, the index patient and the other one from the quarantine retested positive for SARS-CoV-2, although they had been completely asymptomatic for over 96\u2009hours. Serological testing revealed positive for both patients. All others showed negative IgM and IgG. Young healthy recruits often showed a mild course of COVID-19 with rapid symptom decline but were persistent SARS-CoV-2 carriers. This illustrates how asymptomatic patients may be responsible for covert viral transmission. An early and prolonged establishment of isolation and quarantine for patients and close contacts is essential to slow down the spread of SARS-CoV-2, especially in the confined space of a military environment."}, {"pmid": 32338347, "pmcid": "PMC7183927", "title": "COVID-19 in Children: Clinical Approach and Management.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Sankar, Jhuma", "Dhochak, Nitin", "Kabra, S K", "Lodha, Rakesh"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338347", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major public health crisis threatening humanity at this point in time. Transmission of the infection occurs by inhalation of infected droplets or direct contact with soiled surfaces and fomites. It should be suspected in all symptomatic children who have undertaken international travel in the last 14 d, all hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory illness, and asymptomatic direct and high-risk contacts of a confirmed case. Clinical symptoms are similar to any acute respiratory viral infection with less pronounced nasal symptoms. Disease seems to be milder in children, but situation appears to be changing. Infants and young children had relatively more severe illness than older children. The case fatality rate is low in children. Diagnosis can be confirmed by Reverse transcriptase - Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory specimen (commonly nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab). Rapid progress is being made to develop rapid diagnostic tests, which will help ramp up the capacity to test and also reduce the time to getting test results. Management is mainly supportive care. In severe pneumonia and critically ill children, trial of hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir/ritonavir should be considered. As per current policy, children with mild disease also need to be hospitalized; if this is not feasible, these children may be managed on ambulatory basis with strict home isolation. Pneumonia, severe disease and critical illness require admission and aggressive management for acute lung injury and shock and/or multiorgan dysfunction, if present. An early intubation is preferred over non-invasive ventilation or heated, humidified, high flow nasal cannula oxygen, as these may generate aerosols increasing the risk of infection in health care personnel. To prevent post discharge dissemination of infection, home isolation for 1-2 wk may be advised. As of now, no vaccine or specific chemotherapeutic agents are approved for children."}, {"pmid": 32472642, "title": "MMWR summary: COVID-19 reports.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472642", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32252508, "pmcid": "PMC7137568", "title": "Sharing Our Experience of Operating an Endoscopy Unit in the Midst of a COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Clin Endosc", "authors": ["Han, Jimin", "Kim, Eun Young"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252508", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181795, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Livingston, Edward", "Bucher, Karen"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181795", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184486, "title": "COVID-19: don't forget deaf people.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Castro, Helena Carla", "Lins Ramos, Alex Sandro", "Amorim, Gildete", "Ratcliffe, Norman Arthur"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184486", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188819, "title": "Analysis of COVID-19 infection spread in Japan based on stochastic transition model.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Karako, Kenji", "Song, Peipei", "Chen, Yu", "Tang, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188819", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the effectiveness of response strategies of avoiding large gatherings or crowded areas and to predict the spread of COVID-19 infections in Japan, we developed a stochastic transmission model by extending the Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) epidemiological model with an additional modeling of the individual action on whether to stay away from the crowded areas. The population were divided into three compartments: Susceptible, Infected, Removed. Susceptible transitions to Infected every hour with a probability determined by the ratio of Infected and the congestion of area. The total area consists of three zones crowded zone, mid zone and uncrowded zone, with different infection probabilities characterized by the number of people gathered there. The time for each people to spend in the crowded zone is curtailed by 0, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8 hours, and the time spent in mid zone is extended accordingly. This simulation showed that the number of Infected and Removed will increase rapidly if there is no reduction of the time spent in crowded zone. On the other hand, the stagnant growth of Infected can be observed when the time spent in the crowded zone is reduced to 4 hours, and the growth number of Infected will decrease and the spread of the infection will subside gradually if the time spent in the crowded zone is further cut to 2 hours. In conclusions The infection spread in Japan will be gradually contained by reducing the time spent in the crowded zone to less than 4 hours."}, {"pmid": 32207676, "pmcid": "PMC7156580", "title": "COVID-19 Epidemic in the Middle Province of Northern Italy: Impact, Logistics, and Strategy in the First Line Hospital.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Gagliano, Annalisa", "Villani, Pier Giorgio", "Co', Francesca M", "Manelli, Anna", "Paglia, Stefano", "Bisagni, Pietro A G", "Perotti, Gabriele M", "Storti, Enrico", "Lombardo, Massimo"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207676", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) began in China in early December 2019 and rapidly has spread to many countries around the globe, with the number of confirmed cases increasing every day. An epidemic has been recorded since February 20 in a middle province in Northern Italy (Lodi province, in the low Po Valley). The first line hospital had to redesign its logistical and departmental structure to respond to the influx of COVID-19-positive patients who needed hospitalization. Logistical and structural strategies were guided by the crisis unit, managing in 8 days from the beginning of the epidemic to prepare the hospital to be ready to welcome more than 200 COVID-19-positive patients with different ventilatory requirements, keeping clean emergency access lines, and restoring surgical interventions and deferred urgent, routine activity."}, {"pmid": 32391310, "pmcid": "PMC7193306", "title": "Does COVID-19 Spread Through Droplets Alone?", "journal": "Front Public Health", "authors": ["Galbadage, Thushara", "Peterson, Brent M", "Gunasekera, Richard S"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391310", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32248608, "title": "Mental health during and after the COVID-19 emergency in Italy.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Sani, Gabriele", "Janiri, Delfina", "Di Nicola, Marco", "Janiri, Luigi", "Ferretti, Simonetta", "Chieffo, Daniela"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248608", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500167, "pmcid": "PMC7272209", "title": "PET/MR and PET/CT in a severe COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Li, Xiaochen", "Wang, Yan", "Bai, Yan", "Xu, Junling", "Fu, Chang", "Kang, Yi", "Cheng, Jianjian", "Shen, Yu", "Liu, Junping", "Wu, Hewen", "Zhang, Weifeng", "Li, Huiqiang", "Li, Pengyu", "Gu, Jianqin", "Shao, Fengmin", "Wang, Meiyun"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500167", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488645, "pmcid": "PMC7266414", "title": "Illegal Online Sexual Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call for Action Based on Experiences From the Ongoing Prevent It Research Study.", "journal": "Arch Sex Behav", "authors": ["Parks, Allison", "Sparre, Charlotte", "Soderquist, Elin", "Arver, Stefan", "Andersson, Gerhard", "Kaldo, Viktor", "Gorts-Oberg, Katarina", "Rahm, Christoffer"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488645", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422205, "pmcid": "PMC7228718", "title": "Toward a clinically based classification of disease severity for paediatric COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Buonsenso, Danilo", "Parri, Niccolo", "De Rose, Cristina", "Valentini, Piero"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422205", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340044, "title": "The ACE-2 in COVID-19: Foe or Friend?", "journal": "Horm Metab Res", "authors": ["Dalan, Rinkoo", "Bornstein, Stefan R", "El-Armouche, Ali", "Rodionov, Roman N", "Markov, Alexander", "Wielockx, Ben", "Beuschlein, Felix", "Boehm, Bernhard O"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340044", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading outbreak globally. Emerging evidence demonstrates that older individuals and people with underlying metabolic conditions of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia are at higher risk of morbidity and mortality. The SARS-CoV-2 infects humans through the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE-2) receptor. The ACE-2 receptor is a part of the dual system renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) consisting of ACE-Ang-II-AT1R axis and ACE-2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis. In metabolic disorders and with increased age, it is known that there is an upregulation of ACE-Ang-II-AT1R axis with a downregulation of ACE-2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis. The activated ACE-Ang-II-AT1R axis leads to pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects in respiratory system, vascular dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, nephropathy, and insulin secretory defects with increased insulin resistance. On the other hand, the ACE-2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis has anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects on the respiratory system and anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and protective effects on vascular function, protects against myocardial fibrosis, nephropathy, pancreatitis, and insulin resistance. In effect, the balance between these two axes may determine the prognosis. The already strained ACE-2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas in metabolic disorders is further stressed due to the use of the ACE-2 by the virus for entry, which affects the prognosis in terms of respiratory compromise. Further evidence needs to be gathered on whether modulation of the renin angiotensin system would be advantageous due to upregulation of Mas activation or harmful due to the concomitant ACE-2 receptor upregulation in the acute management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32416679, "title": "Novel Drugs Targeting the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Machinery.", "journal": "Curr Top Med Chem", "authors": ["Sternberg, Ariane", "McKee, Dwight L", "Naujokat, Cord"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416679", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Like other human pathogenic viruses, coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 employs sophisticated macromolecular machines for viral host cell entry, genome replication and protein processing. Such machinery encompasses SARS-CoV-2 envelope spike (S) glycoprotein required for host cell entry by binding to the ACE2 receptor, viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and 3-chymotrypsin-like main protease (3Clpro/Mpro). Under the pressure of the accelerating COVID-19 pandemic caused by the outbreak of SARSCoV- 2 in Wuhan, China in December 2019, novel and repurposed drugs were recently designed and identified for targeting the SARS-CoV-2 reproduction machinery, with the aim to limit spread of SARS-CoV-2 and morbidity and mortality of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32176300, "pmcid": "PMC7184348", "title": "Coronavirus fulminant myocarditis saved with glucocorticoid and human immunoglobulin.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Hu, Hongde", "Ma, Fenglian", "Wei, Xin", "Fang, Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176300", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380846, "title": "The Canadian Association for Interventional Radiology (CAIR) and Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) Guidelines for Interventional Radiology Procedures for Patients With Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Mujoomdar, Amol", "Graham, Tara", "Baerlocher, Mark Otto", "Soulez, Gilles"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380846", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is creating significant challenges to the Canadian health system, including the practice of interventional radiology (IR). Interventional radiology will continue to play an important role in patient care, during this crisis. This document serves to guide interventional and general radiologists in safely performing IR procedures on patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, using the best evidence, guidelines and expert recommendations available. These strategies include reviewing procedural indications, development of tactics to minimize cross contamination prior to the intervention, appropriate usage of personal protection equipment according to the type of procedure (along with defining aerosol-generating procedures in IR), along with developing the appropriate work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. By adopting the policies described, hospitals will protect the interventional radiologists, medical radiation technologists, nurses, ancillary staff, along with patients who benefit from their care."}, {"pmid": 32281165, "pmcid": "PMC7262177", "title": "Nursing homes and COVID-19: We can and should do better.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Davidson, Patricia M", "Szanton, Sarah L"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281165", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430459, "title": "Exploring Diseases/Traits and Blood Proteins Causally Related to Expression of ACE2, the Putative Receptor of SARS-CoV-2: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis Highlights Tentative Relevance of Diabetes-Related Traits.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Rao, Shitao", "Lau, Alexandria", "So, Hon-Cheong"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430459", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become a major public health problem. There is good evidence that ACE2 is a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and high expression of ACE2 may increase susceptibility to infection. We aimed to explore risk factors affecting susceptibility to infection and prioritize drug repositioning candidates, based on Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on ACE2 lung expression. We conducted a phenome-wide MR study to prioritize diseases/traits and blood proteins causally linked to ACE2 lung expression in GTEx. We also explored drug candidates whose targets overlapped with the top-ranked proteins in MR, as these drugs may alter ACE2 expression and may be clinically relevant. The most consistent finding was tentative evidence of an association between diabetes-related traits and increased ACE2 expression. Based on one of the largest genome-wide association studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to date (N = 898,130), T2DM was causally linked to raised ACE2 expression (P = 2.91E-03; MR-IVW). Significant associations (at nominal level; P < 0.05) with ACE2 expression were observed across multiple diabetes data sets and analytic methods for T1DM, T2DM, and related traits including early start of insulin. Other diseases/traits having nominal significant associations with increased expression included inflammatory bowel disease, (estrogen receptor-positive) breast cancer, lung cancer, asthma, smoking, and elevated alanine aminotransferase. We also identified drugs that may target the top-ranked proteins in MR, such as fostamatinib and zinc. Our analysis suggested that diabetes and related traits may increase ACE2 expression, which may influence susceptibility to infection (or more severe infection). However, none of these findings withstood rigorous multiple testing corrections (at false discovery rate <0.05). Proteome-wide MR analyses might help uncover mechanisms underlying ACE2 expression and guide drug repositioning. Further studies are required to verify our findings."}, {"pmid": 32462461, "pmcid": "PMC7252415", "title": "Mass identification of potential service sector donors of personal protective equipment from an online directory during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Public Health", "authors": ["Diep, Calvin", "Goel, Akash", "Ladha, Karim S"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462461", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360745, "pmcid": "PMC7189852", "title": "Counterfeit filtering facepiece respirators are posing an additional risk to health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Ippolito, Mariachiara", "Gregoretti, Cesare", "Cortegiani, Andrea", "Iozzo, Pasquale"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360745", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451938, "pmcid": "PMC7246967", "title": "Reimagining the Future of HIV Service Implementation in the Philippines Based on Lessons from COVID-19.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Quilantang, Ma Irene N", "Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C", "Operario, Don"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451938", "countries": ["Philippines"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325121, "pmcid": "PMC7194739", "title": "Tocilizumab: A new opportunity in the possible therapeutic arsenal against COVID-19.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ortiz-Martinez, Yeimer"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325121", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301750, "title": "Assessment of immune response to SARS-CoV-2 with fully automated MAGLUMI 2019-nCoV IgG and IgM chemiluminescence immunoassays.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Salvagno, Gian Luca", "Pegoraro, Manuela", "Militello, Valentina", "Caloi, Cecilia", "Peretti, Angelo", "Gaino, Stefania", "Bassi, Antonella", "Bovo, Chiara", "Lo Cascio, Giuliana"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301750", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243678, "title": "Endonasal instrumentation and aerosolization risk in the era of COVID-19: simulation, literature review, and proposed mitigation strategies.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Workman, Alan D", "Welling, D Bradley", "Carter, Bob S", "Curry, William T", "Holbrook, Eric H", "Gray, Stacey T", "Scangas, George A", "Bleier, Benjamin S"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243678", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "International experience with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) suggests it poses a significant risk of infectious transmission to skull base surgeons, due to high nasal viral titers and the unknown potential for aerosol generation during endonasal instrumentation. The purpose of this study was to simulate aerosolization events over a range of endoscopic procedures to obtain an evidence-based aerosol risk assessment. Aerosolization was simulated in a cadaver using fluorescein solution (0.2 mg per 10 mL) and quantified using a blue-light filter and digital image processing. Outpatient sneezing during endoscopy was simulated using an intranasal atomizer in the presence or absence of intact and modified surgical mask barriers. Surgical aerosolization was simulated during nonpowered instrumentation, suction microdebrider, and high-speed drilling after nasal fluorescein application. Among the outpatient conditions, a simulated sneeze event generated maximal aerosol distribution at 30 cm, extending to 66 cm. Both an intact surgical mask and a modified VENT mask (which enables endoscopy) eliminated all detectable aerosol spread. Among the surgical conditions, cold instrumentation and microdebrider use did not generate detectable aerosols. Conversely, use of a high-speed drill produced significant aerosol contamination in all conditions tested. We confirm that aerosolization presents a risk to the endonasal skull base surgeon. In the outpatient setting, use of a barrier significantly reduces aerosol spread. Cold surgical instrumentation and microdebrider use pose significantly less aerosolization risk than a high-speed drill. Procedures requiring drill use should carry a special designation as an \"aerosol-generating surgery\" to convey this unique risk, and this supports the need for protective personal protective equipment."}, {"pmid": 32305384, "pmcid": "PMC7160640", "title": "Creation of a vascular surgical hub responding to the COVID-19 emergency: The Italian USL Toscana Centro model.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Chisci, Emiliano", "Masciello, Fabrizio", "Michelagnoli, Stefano"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305384", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Spreading of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy forced health facilities to drastically change their organization to face the overwhelming number of infected patients needing hospitalization. The aim of this paper is to share with all the vascular community the protocol developed by the USL (Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale) Toscana Centro for the reorganization of the Vascular Surgery Unit during the COVID-19 emergency, hoping to help other institutions to face the emergency during the hard weeks coming. The USL Toscana Centro is a public Italian health care institution including four districts (Empoli, Florence, Pistoia, Prato) with 13 different hospitals, serving more than 1,500,000 people in a 5000 km2 area. The USL adopted a protocol of reorganization of the Vascular Surgery Unit during the first difficult weeks of the epidemic, consisting in the creation of a Vascular Hub for urgent cases, with a profound reorganization of activities, wards, surgical operators, operating blocks, and\u00a0intensive care unit\u00a0(ICU) beds. All 13 hospitals are now COVID-19 as the first days of April passed. The San Giovanni di Dio Hospital (Florence) has more than 80 COVID-19 patients in different settings (ICU, medical and surgical ward), which\u00a0at the time of writing is\u00a0almost\u00a0one-third of the total hospital capacity (80/260 beds). It has been identified as the Surgical Hub for urgent vascular COVID-19 cases. Therefore, the elective surgical and office activities were reduced\u00a0by 30% and 80%, respectively, and reserved to priority cases. A corner of the whole operating block, well separate from the remaining operating rooms, was rapidly converted into one operating room and six ICU beds dedicated to COVID patients. The COVID-19 surgical path now includes an emergency room for suspected COVID-19 patients directly connected to an elevator for the transfer of COVID patients in the COVID operating block and dedicated COVID-19 ward and ICU beds. Rapid modification of hospital settings, a certain \"flexibility\" of the medical personnel, a stepwise shutdown of vascular surgical and office activity, and the necessity of a strong leadership are mandatory to cope with the tsunami of the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32501382, "pmcid": "PMC7237925", "title": "What orthopedic surgeons need to know about Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Orthop", "authors": ["Emara, Khaled", "Emara, Ahmed K", "Farhan, Mona", "Mahmoud, Shady"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501382", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, also known as SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus disease 2019, is considered a major public concern that propagates steadily by the increased number of the infected cases and the mortality rate. In this article, we provide a brief review for Orthopedic surgeons as regard COVID-19 virus microbiology, epidemiology, clinical picture, and diagnosis. Moreover, what measures should be taken amid this pandemic to assess its control, maintain the urgent duties, and protect health care workers (HCW) are also discussed."}, {"pmid": 32384227, "pmcid": "PMC7273047", "title": "COVID-19 ventilatory phenotypes and obesity: is there a relationship?", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Costa, Hugo", "Jacob, Miguel", "Pereira, Rafaela", "Calcas, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384227", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Obesity has been recognized as an independent risk factor in other viral infections such as H1N1 (1). Although data are scarce at this stage, there is also an unexplained increased prevalence of obesity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to the intensive care units (ICU) (2)."}, {"pmid": 32420821, "title": "Animal (Non-human) Companionship for Adults Aging in Place during COVID-19: A Critical Support, a Source of Concern and Potential for Social Work Responses.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Rauktis, Mary E", "Hoy-Gerlach, Janet"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420821", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259575, "pmcid": "PMC7128600", "title": "Janus kinase inhibitor baricitinib is not an ideal option for management of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Praveen, D", "Puvvada, Ranadheer Chowdary", "M, Vijey Aanandhi"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259575", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Wuhan outbreak of novel Corona virus infection has been the global focus since December 2019. This infection has become a global pandemic. It is highly important to understand the virology of the pathogen and to explore the therapeutic options for management of this pandemic. Drug repurposing strategies are being considered for management of COVID 19. Among the identified drugs, Baricitinib has become a keen interest for researchers because of its ability to inhibit the viral assembly by the prevention of Clarithrin associated endocytosis. We tried to explore the reasons on why Baricitinib is not an ideal option for COVID 19."}, {"pmid": 32416600, "pmcid": "PMC7206434", "title": "Comparison of seven commercial RT-PCR diagnostic kits for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["van Kasteren, Puck B", "van der Veer, Bas", "van den Brink, Sharon", "Wijsman, Lisa", "de Jonge, Jorgen", "van den Brandt, Annemarie", "Molenkamp, Richard", "Reusken, Chantal B E M", "Meijer, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416600", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The final months of 2019 witnessed the emergence of a novel coronavirus in the human population. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has since spread across the globe and is posing a major burden on society. Measures taken to reduce its spread critically depend on timely and accurate identification of virus-infected individuals by the most sensitive and specific method available, i.e. real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Many commercial kits have recently become available, but their performance has not yet been independently assessed. The aim of this study was to compare basic analytical and clinical performance of selected RT-PCR kits from seven different manufacturers (Altona Diagnostics, BGI, CerTest Biotec, KH Medical, PrimerDesign, R-Biopharm AG, and Seegene). We used serial dilutions of viral RNA to establish PCR efficiency and estimate the 95 % limit of detection (LOD95). Furthermore, we ran a panel of SARS-CoV-2-positive clinical samples (n = 13) for a preliminary evaluation of clinical sensitivity. Finally, we used clinical samples positive for non-coronavirus respiratory viral infections (n = 6) and a panel of RNA from related human coronaviruses to evaluate assay specificity. PCR efficiency was \u226596 % for all assays and the estimated LOD95 varied within a 6-fold range. Using clinical samples, we observed some variations in detection rate between kits. Importantly, none of the assays showed cross-reactivity with other respiratory (corona)viruses, except as expected for the SARS-CoV-1 E-gene. We conclude that all RT-PCR kits assessed in this study may be used for routine diagnostics of COVID-19 in patients by experienced molecular diagnostic laboratories."}, {"pmid": 32405073, "pmcid": "PMC7219371", "title": "Call to Action: Preserving and Advocating for Essential Care for Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Robinson, Erica F", "Moulder, Janelle K", "Zerden, Matthew L", "Miller, April M", "Zite, Nikki B"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405073", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has redefined \"essential care,\" and reproductive healthcare has become a frequently targeted and debated topic. As obstetricians and gynecologists, we stand with our patients and others as advocates for women's reproductive health. With the medical and surgical training to provide all aspects of reproductive healthcare, obstetricians and gynecologists are indispensable and uniquely positioned to advocate for the full spectrum of care that our patients need right now. All patients have a right to these services. Contraception and abortion care remain essential, and we need to work at the local, state, and federal levels on policies that preserve these critical services. We must also support policies that will promote expansion of care, including lengthening Medicaid pregnancy and postpartum coverage. Although we continue to see patients, this is the time to engage outside clinical encounters by participating in lobbying and other advocacy efforts to preserve essential services, protecting the health, life, and welfare of our patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32364301, "pmcid": "PMC7267532", "title": "COVID-19 and paediatric health services: A survey of paediatric physicians in Australia and New Zealand.", "journal": "J Paediatr Child Health", "authors": ["Foley, David A", "Kirk, Michael", "Jepp, Catherine", "Brophy-Williams, Sam", "Tong, Steven Y C", "Davis, Joshua S", "Blyth, Christopher C", "O'Brien, Matthew P", "Bowen, Asha C", "Yeoh, Daniel K"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364301", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is now a global pandemic. At the time of survey, fewer than 150 children in Australia and New Zealand had documented infection. The aim of this study was to assess attitudes, readiness and confidence in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic through an online survey of paediatric physicians and sub-specialists across Australia and New Zealand. Multiple email list groups were used to contact paediatric physicians to undertake an online Likert scale survey between 17 and 24 March. Respondents' specialty, experience and work setting were recorded. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine respondent factors. There were 542 respondents from across Australia and New Zealand: an estimated 11% of the paediatric physician workforce. A minority (36.6%) agreed that their national response had been well coordinated; the majority (92.7%) agreed that senior-level hospital administrators were taking the situation seriously. Most reported a good understanding of the natural history of COVID-19 in children, and knowledge of where to find local information. A large proportion of physicians (86.1%) were worried about becoming infected through their work; few (5.8%) reported that they would not come to work to avoid infection. Closure of school and childcares would reduce the ability to continue work at current capacity for 23.6% of respondents. Despite limited experience in pandemics, most paediatric physicians felt informed. Concern about exposure at work is common; most were willing to work regardless. The closure of schools and daycares may have an impact on staffing. Coordination and leadership will be critical."}, {"pmid": 32524449, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic planning: considerations for radiation oncology medical physics.", "journal": "Phys Eng Sci Med", "authors": ["Whitaker, May", "Kron, Tomas", "Sobolewski, Matthew", "Dove, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524449", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145718, "title": "[Healing the schism between public health and medicine, promoting the integration of prevention and treatment].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tao, F B"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145718", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been nearly 30 years since the publication of \"Healing the Schism: Epidemiology, Medicine, and the Public's Health\" by Professor Kerr L. White. Although scholars have been calling for strengthening the integration of public health and clinical medicine in Chinese medical education and eliminating barriers between public health professionals and clinicians, these effects are not obvious. The epidemic situation of COVID-19 has become an open course for Chinese citizens on the treatment, prevention and control of infectious diseases. Consequently, the public has higher expectations on the modernization of public health governance, and the social atmosphere of bridging the gap between public health and clinical medical education has been establishing. In the future, when combating with novel infectious diseases and public health emergencies, the response capacity of public health system and treatment capacity of clinical system in China will be significantly improved, and the situation of insufficient integration of medical treatment and prevention is bound to be reversed."}, {"pmid": 32282428, "pmcid": "PMC7172928", "title": "What's Old is New! Similarities Between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV.", "journal": "J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care", "authors": ["Relf, Michael V"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282428", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32001309, "pmcid": "PMC7127306", "title": "Emergence of a novel coronavirus causing respiratory illness from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Tang, Julian W", "Tambyah, Paul A", "Hui, David S C"], "date": "2020-02-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32001309", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355114, "title": "Improper use of germicidal range ultraviolet lamp for household disinfection leading to phototoxicity in COVID-19 suspects.", "journal": "Cornea", "authors": ["Leung, Kai Ching Peter", "Ko, Tak Chuen Simon"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355114", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report germicidal range ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced phototoxicity due to unprotected exposure to UV lamps for presumed household disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 in a domestic setting. We report on a family of three adults who experienced photophobia, intense eye pain, epiphora, blurred vision, and burning sensation over the face and neck area after a short period of unprotected exposure to UV germicidal lamps. Initial examination revealed erythema and tenderness over the face and neck area, reduced visual acuity of 6/12, and conjunctival injections bilaterally in all three patients. Further assessment at the ophthalmology department three days later revealed gradual improvement of visual acuity to 6/6 bilaterally. Slit-lamp examinations revealed few punctate epithelial erosions. Fundal examinations were normal without evidence of solar retinopathy. The patients were diagnosed with germicidal-range UV irradiation-induced photokeratitis and epidermal phototoxicity. Lubricants and emollients were prescribed for symptom relief, and the patients were warned against using a UV germicidal lamp for disinfection purposes without appropriate protection. Although SARS-CoV-2 is structurally akin to SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, and previous studies demonstrated high levels of inactivation of beta-coronavirus with germicidal-range UV, evidence for its efficacy to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 is lacking. This case report serves to emphasize the potential consequences of phototoxicity from improper use of UV germicidal lamps for household disinfection as well as to highlight the fact that UV germicidal lamps currently have no established role in household disinfection of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32234064, "pmcid": "PMC7110262", "title": "Covid-19 in China: ten critical issues for intensive care medicine.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Li, Li", "Gong, Shijin", "Yan, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234064", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490720, "title": "Telemedicine during Covid-19 pandemic: Advantage or critical issue?", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Perrone, Giuseppe", "Zerbo, Stefania", "Bilotta, Clio", "Malta, Ginevra", "Argo, Antonella"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490720", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Telemedicine offers a support to traditional medicine, delivering clinical services when distance is a critical factor. Although this tool does not replace a medical examination, during Covid-19 pandemic, it reduces the spread of infection and avoids the need for a patient's visit. It is useful in the management of chronic disorders or for patients undergoing palliative treatment. The University Hospital of Palermo has applied this in cases of chronic illness caring for patients who cannot stop their treatment, such as Department of Onco-Haematology, Internal Medicine, Dermatology, etc. The Department of Legal Medicine of Palermo, in particular, is also using telemedicine to manage medico-legal sudden natural death investigations and dealing with the Public Prosecutor's office of Palermo. Even after the Covid-19 emergency, telemedicine will be essential to streamline outpatient visits, while at the same time limiting costs, with significant benefits for the Italian National Public Health Service budget. In conclusion, telemedicine can offer a valuable support to the doctor's activity by streamlining and facilitating their work. In this sense, the Covid-19 pandemic represents a positive input for the acceleration and enhancement of these tools."}, {"pmid": 32410788, "pmcid": "PMC7221378", "title": "Facial diplegia, a possible atypical variant of Guillain-Barre Syndrome as a rare neurological complication of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Juliao Caamano, David Salomon", "Alonso Beato, Ruben"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410788", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a case of facial diplegia after 10 days of SARS-CoV-2 confirmed infection symptoms in a 61 year old patient without prior clinically relevant background. There are few known cases of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome (GBS) related to SARS-CoV-2 infection; we propose this case as a rare variant of GBS in COVID-19 infection context, due to Its chronology, clinical manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings."}, {"pmid": 32233049, "title": "ISUOG Consensus Statement on organization of routine and specialist obstetric ultrasound services in context of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Abu-Rustum, R S", "Akolekar, R", "Sotiriadis, A", "Salomon, L J", "Costa, F Da Silva", "Wu, Q", "Frusca, T", "Bilardo, C M", "Prefumo, F", "Poon, L C"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233049", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295188, "pmcid": "PMC7215977", "title": "Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) Current Status and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Di Gennaro, Francesco", "Pizzol, Damiano", "Marotta, Claudia", "Antunes, Mario", "Racalbuto, Vincenzo", "Veronese, Nicola", "Smith, Lee"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295188", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of 2019 a novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing severe acute respiratory syndrome expanded globally from Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus a global pandemic. We performed a narrative review to describe existing literature with regard to Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management and future perspective. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles. Although only when the pandemic ends it will be possible to assess the full health, social and economic impact of this global disaster, this review represents a picture of the current state of the art. In particular, we focus on public health impact, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations, diagnosis, case management, emergency response and preparedness."}, {"pmid": 32292635, "pmcid": "PMC7129371", "title": "Safety management of nasopharyngeal specimen collection from suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Sci", "authors": ["Qian, Yan", "Zeng, Tieying", "Wang, Hui", "Xu, Min", "Chen, Junhua", "Hu, Na", "Chen, Daiqi", "Liu, Yu"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292635", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article introduces safety management strategies of nasopharyngeal specimen collection from suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in a tertiary designated hospital. The key points includes establishing a special sampling room, strict sterilization of the entire environment, training of professional nurses, enhancement of personal protection, standardization of methods and processes for swab collection, and a timely and safety sample submission. More than 11,000 nasopharyngeal specimens were collected by eight nurses, with an average of 1375 specimen swab collections each nurse, and no one was infected."}, {"pmid": 32325718, "pmcid": "PMC7216115", "title": "Personal Safety during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Realities and Perspectives of Healthcare Workers in Latin America.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Delgado, Diego", "Wyss Quintana, Fernando", "Perez, Gonzalo", "Sosa Liprandi, Alvaro", "Ponte-Negretti, Carlos", "Mendoza, Ivan", "Baranchuk, Adrian"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325718", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare workers exposed to coronavirus (COVID-19) may not have adequate access to personal protective equipment (PPE), safety procedures, and diagnostic protocols. Our objective was to evaluate the reality and perceptions about personal safety among healthcare workers in Latin America. This is a cross-sectional, online survey-based study administered to 936 healthcare professionals in Latin America from 31 March 2020 to 4 April 2020. A 12-item structured questionnaire was developed. A total of 936 healthcare workers completed the online survey. Of them, 899 (95.1%) were physicians, 28 (2.9%) were nurses, and 18 (1.9%) were allied health professionals. Access to protective equipment was as follows: gel hand sanitizer (n = 889; 95%), disposable gloves (n = 853; 91.1%), disposable gowns (n = 630; 67.3%), disposable surgical masks (785; 83.9%), N95 masks (n = 516; 56.1%), and facial protective shields (n = 305; 32.6%). The vast majority (n = 707; 75.5%) had access to personal safety policies and procedures, and 699 (74.7%) participants had access to diagnostic algorithms. On a 1-to-10 Likert scale, the participants expressed limited human resources support (4.92 \u00b1 0.2; mean \u00b1 SD), physical integrity protection in the workplace (5.5 \u00b1 0.1; mean \u00b1 SD), and support from public health authorities (5.01 \u00b1 0.12; mean \u00b1 SD). Healthcare workers in Latin America had limited access to essential PPE and support from healthcare authorities during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32408338, "title": "Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Sia, Sin Fun", "Yan, Li-Meng", "Chin, Alex W H", "Fung, Kevin", "Choy, Ka-Tim", "Wong, Alvina Y L", "Kaewpreedee, Prathanporn", "Perera, Ranawaka A P M", "Poon, Leo L M", "Nicholls, John M", "Peiris, Malik", "Yen, Hui-Ling"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408338", "countries": ["Syrian Arab Republic"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus with high nucleotide identity to SARS-CoV and SARS-related coronaviruses detected in horseshoe bats, has spread across the world and impacted global healthcare systems and economy1,2. A suitable small animal model is needed to support vaccine and therapy development. We report the pathogenesis and transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 in golden Syrian hamsters. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated viral antigens in nasal mucosa, bronchial epithelial cells, and in areas of lung consolidation on days 2 and 5 post-inoculation (dpi), followed by rapid viral clearance and pneumocyte hyperplasia on 7 dpi. Viral antigen was also found in the duodenum epithelial cells with viral RNA detected in feces. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 transmitted efficiently from inoculated hamsters to na\u00efve hamsters by direct contact and via aerosols. Transmission via fomites in soiled cages was less efficient. Although viral RNA was continuously detected in the nasal washes of inoculated hamsters for 14 days, the communicable period was short and correlated with the detection of infectious virus but not viral RNA. Inoculated and naturally-infected hamsters showed apparent weight loss, and all animals recovered with the detection of neutralizing antibodies. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection in golden Syrian hamsters resemble features found in humans with mild infections."}, {"pmid": 32312571, "pmcid": "PMC7151238", "title": "Emergency tracheal intubation in 202 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: lessons learnt and international expert recommendations.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Yao, Wenlong", "Wang, Tingting", "Jiang, Bailing", "Gao, Feng", "Wang, Li", "Zheng, Hongbo", "Xiao, Weimin", "Yao, Shanglong", "Mei, Wei", "Chen, Xiangdong", "Luo, Ailin", "Sun, Liang", "Cook, Tim", "Behringer, Elizabeth", "Huitink, Johannes M", "Wong, David T", "Lane-Fall, Meghan", "McNarry, Alistair F", "McGuire, Barry", "Higgs, Andrew", "Shah, Amit", "Patel, Anil", "Zuo, Mingzhang", "Ma, Wuhua", "Xue, Zhanggang", "Zhang, Li-Ming", "Li, Wenxian", "Wang, Yong", "Hagberg, Carin", "O'Sullivan, Ellen P", "Fleisher, Lee A", "Wei, Huafeng"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312571", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tracheal intubation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients creates a risk to physiologically compromised patients and to attending healthcare providers. Clinical information on airway management and expert recommendations in these patients are urgently needed. By analysing a two-centre retrospective observational case series from Wuhan, China, a panel of international airway management experts discussed the results and formulated consensus recommendations for the management of tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients. Of 202 COVID-19 patients undergoing emergency tracheal intubation, most were males (n=136; 67.3%) and aged 65 yr or more (n=128; 63.4%). Most patients (n=152; 75.2%) were hypoxaemic (Sao2 <90%) before intubation. Personal protective equipment was worn by all intubating healthcare workers. Rapid sequence induction (RSI) or modified RSI was used with an intubation success rate of 89.1% on the first attempt and 100% overall. Hypoxaemia (Sao2 <90%) was common during intubation (n=148; 73.3%). Hypotension (arterial pressure <90/60 mm Hg) occurred in 36 (17.8%) patients during and 45 (22.3%) after intubation with cardiac arrest in four (2.0%). Pneumothorax occurred in 12 (5.9%) patients and death within 24 h in 21 (10.4%). Up to 14 days post-procedure, there was no evidence of cross infection in the anaesthesiologists who intubated the COVID-19 patients. Based on clinical information and expert recommendation, we propose detailed planning, strategy, and methods for tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32317267, "pmcid": "PMC7190077", "title": "Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020: retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Zheng, Shufa", "Fan, Jian", "Yu, Fei", "Feng, Baihuan", "Lou, Bin", "Zou, Qianda", "Xie, Guoliang", "Lin, Sha", "Wang, Ruonan", "Yang, Xianzhi", "Chen, Weizhen", "Wang, Qi", "Zhang, Dan", "Liu, Yanchao", "Gong, Renjie", "Ma, Zhaohui", "Lu, Siming", "Xiao, Yanyan", "Gu, Yaxi", "Zhang, Jinming", "Yao, Hangping", "Xu, Kaijin", "Lu, Xiaoyang", "Wei, Guoqing", "Zhou, Jianying", "Fang, Qiang", "Cai, Hongliu", "Qiu, Yunqing", "Sheng, Jifang", "Chen, Yu", "Liang, Tingbo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317267", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate viral loads at different stages of disease progression in patients infected with the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the first four months of the epidemic in Zhejiang province, China. Retrospective cohort study. A designated hospital for patients with covid-19 in Zhejiang province, China. 96 consecutively admitted patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection: 22 with mild disease and 74 with severe disease. Data were collected from 19 January 2020 to 20 March 2020. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) viral load measured in respiratory, stool, serum, and urine samples. Cycle threshold values, a measure of nucleic acid concentration, were plotted onto the standard curve constructed on the basis of the standard product. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics and treatment and outcomes data were obtained through data collection forms from electronic medical records, and the relation between clinical data and disease severity was analysed. 3497 respiratory, stool, serum, and urine samples were collected from patients after admission and evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral load. Infection was confirmed in all patients by testing sputum and saliva samples. RNA was detected in the stool of 55 (59%) patients and in the serum of 39 (41%) patients. The urine sample from one patient was positive for SARS-CoV-2. The median duration of virus in stool (22 days, interquartile range 17-31 days) was significantly longer than in respiratory (18 days, 13-29 days; P=0.02) and serum samples (16 days, 11-21 days; P<0.001). The median duration of virus in the respiratory samples of patients with severe disease (21 days, 14-30 days) was significantly longer than in patients with mild disease (14 days, 10-21 days; P=0.04). In the mild group, the viral loads peaked in respiratory samples in the second week from disease onset, whereas viral load continued to be high during the third week in the severe group. Virus duration was longer in patients older than 60 years and in male patients. The duration of SARS-CoV-2 is significantly longer in stool samples than in respiratory and serum samples, highlighting the need to strengthen the management of stool samples in the prevention and control of the epidemic, and the virus persists longer with higher load and peaks later in the respiratory tissue of patients with severe disease."}, {"pmid": 32505461, "title": "The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in a MERS-CoV endemic country.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Temsah, Mohamad-Hani", "Al-Sohime, Fahad", "Alamro, Nurah", "Al-Eyadhy, Ayman", "Al-Hasan, Khalid", "Jamal, Amr", "Al-Maglouth, Ibrahim", "Aljamaan, Fadi", "Al Amri, Maha", "Barry, Mazin", "Al-Subaie, Sarah", "Somily, Ali Mohammed"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505461", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has led to unprecedented psychological stress on health workers (HCWs). We aimed to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 on HCWs in comparison to the stress brought on by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic in Saudi Arabia. Between February 5th and 16th, 2020, 811 health-care workers (HCWs) of a tertiary care teaching hospital were invited to fill a questionnaire regarding concerns and worries about the novel coronavirus pandemic, along with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Anxiety Severity screening tool. Out of 582 HCWs who completed the survey questionnaire (response rate of 71.8%), about 40% were exposed previously to MERS-CoV infected or suspected patients during a previous hospital outbreak. While there were no COVID-19 cases reported yet in Saudi Arabia at the time of data collection, still, the anxiety level from COVID-19 was significantly higher than that from MERS-CoV or seasonal influenza: 41.1% were more worried about COVID-19, 41.4% were similarly worried about both MERS-CoV and COVID-19, and 17.5% were more stressed by the previous MERS-CoV hospital outbreak. The most frequent concern was transmitting the infection to family and friends (2.71/5) than to themselves only (2.57/5). Pandemic and epidemic infectious diseases such as COVID-19 or MERS-CoV impose a significant level of anxiety and stress on healthcare workers who are caring of infected patients, with their main concern being the risk of transmitting the infection to their families or to acquire it themselves. Therefore, optimizing the compliance of healthcare workers with the proper infection prevention and control measures is paramount during the infectious disease outbreak, to ensure their safety, to decrease the likelihood of getting infected or transmitting the infection to others, and consequently to alleviate their psychological stress and anxiety."}, {"pmid": 32379319, "pmcid": "PMC7239172", "title": "Letter: Evaluation and Surgical Treatment of Functional Neurosurgery Patients With Implanted Deep Brain Stimulation and Vagus Nerve Stimulation Pulse Generators During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Gross, Robert E", "Buetefisch, Cathrin M", "Miocinovic, Svjetlana", "Bullinger, Katie L", "Okun, Michael S", "Ostrem, Jill L", "Foote, Kelly D", "Starr, Phillip A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379319", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334163, "pmcid": "PMC7174982", "title": "Overview of Covid-19; its prevention and management in the light of Unani medicine.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Nikhat, Sadia", "Fazil, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334163", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a respiratory pandemic named as coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused by a new coronavirus named as SARS-CoV-2, has taken the world by storm. The symptoms are fever, malaise, and cough which resolve in a few days in most cases; but may progress to respiratory distress and organ failure. Transmission is through droplet infection or fomites, but other modes such as airborne transmission and oro-fecal transmission are also speculated. Research is underway to develop effective vaccines and medicines for the disease. In such a scenario, we present the measures described in Unani system of medicine for health protection during epidemics. Unani is a traditional system of medicine developed during the middle ages, which employs natural drugs of herbal, animal and mineral origin for treatment. In Unani medicine, during an epidemic, apart from isolation and quarantine, three measures are of utmost importance, (i) purification of surroundings using certain herbal drugs as fumigants or sprays, (ii) health promotion and immune-modulation, and (iii) use of health-protecting drugs and symptom-specific drugs. Drugs such as loban (Styrax benzoides W. G. Craib), sandroos (Hymenaea verrucosa Gaertn.) za'fran (Crocus sativus L.), vinegar etc. are prescribed in various forms. Scientific researches on these drugs reveal the presence of a number of pharmacologically active substances, which may provide a new insight into the management of infections and epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32495577, "title": "[Mechanism of Xuanfei Baidu Tang in treatment of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Yi", "Li, Xiang", "Zhang, Jun-Hua", "Xue, Rui", "Qian, Jing-Yang", "Zhang, Xiao-Hui", "Zhang, Han", "Liu, Qing-Quan", "Fan, Xiao-Hui", "Cheng, Yi-Yu", "Zhang, Bo-Li"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495577", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The study aimed to investigate the multi-constituent, multi-target mechanism of Xuanfei Baidu Tang(XFBD) in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), through exploring the main ingredients and effective targets of XFBD, as well as analyzing the correlation between XFBD targets and COVID-19. The compounds of each herb in XFBD were collected from TCM-PTD, ETCM, TCMSP and SymMap database. Next, the information of meridian tropisms was collected from Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition), and the target information of the major constituents of XFBD were obtained from TCM-PTD, ETCM, TCMSP and TargetNet database. Subsequently, the target network model and the major modules were generated by Cytoscape, and the functional enrichment analysis of XFBD targets were completed by DAVID and STRING. As a result, ten of the 13 herbs in XFBD belonged to the lung meridian, and 326 of the 1 224 putative XFBD targets were associated with the disease target of COVID-19, among which 109 targets were enriched in the disease pathways of viral infection and lung injury. The main biological pathways regulated by the key XFBD targets included viral infection, energy metabolism, immunity and inflammation, parasites and bacterial infections. In conclusion, the therapeutic mechanism of XFBD in COVID-19 showed a multi-herb, multi-constituent, multi-target pattern, with lung as the chief targeted organ. By regulating a series of biological pathways closely related to the occurrence and development of diseases, XFBD plays a role in balancing immunity, eliminating inflammation, regulating hepatic and biliary metabolism and recovering energy metabolism balance."}, {"pmid": 32370952, "pmcid": "PMC7194062", "title": "Addressing Burnout: Symptom Management Versus Treating the Cause.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Houtrow, Amy J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370952", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434606, "title": "ADHD and Covid-19: Current roadblocks and future opportunities.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["McGrath, Jane"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434606", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is the commonest disorder presenting to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in Ireland. ADMiRE is a specialist ADHD service in South Dublin that provides assessment and intervention for >200 children and adolescents with ADHD.The first section of this article considers the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the provision of mental health services for young people with ADHD with specific reference to the difficulties that have been experienced in ADMiRE since the outbreak of Covid-19 in Ireland. In ADMiRE, there has been a significant reduction of face to face consultations, postponement of new assessments, difficulties with physical monitoring, delays in medication initiation, suspension of medication titration, lack of group interventions and problems with access to controlled drug prescriptions. Current guidelines and alternative ways of ensuring adequate service provision are discussed.Restrictions to mitigate the spread of Covid-19 are likely to continue for many months, and child and adolescent mental health services need to find new ways to provide a sustainable service to young people in Ireland. There is a growing evidence base for telepsychiatry, the use of technology such as video conferencing to deliver mental health care remotely, and this approach may be particularly useful in assessment and management of ADHD. The second section of this article discusses the evidence base for telepsychiatry in ADHD, and outlines factors that should be considered when developing a telepsychiatry service for children and adolescents with ADHD."}, {"pmid": 32268188, "pmcid": "PMC7131212", "title": "It is too soon to attribute ADE to COVID-19.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Sharma, Anuj"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268188", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321612, "pmcid": "PMC7198455", "title": "Prevention of nosocomial COVID-19: Another challenge of the pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Van Praet, Jens T", "Claeys, Bram", "Coene, Ann-Sofie", "Flore, Katelijne", "Reynders, Marijke"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501369, "pmcid": "PMC7252058", "title": "Estimation of COVID-19 dynamics \"on a back-of-envelope\": Does the simplest SIR model provide quantitative parameters and predictions?", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Postnikov, Eugene B"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501369", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Basing on existence of the mathematically sequential reduction of the three-compartmental (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered/Removed) model to the Verhulst (logistic) equation with the parameters determined by the basic characteristic of epidemic process, this model is tested in application to the recent data on COVID-19 outbreak reported by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. It is shown that such a simple model adequately reproduces the epidemic dynamics not only qualitatively but for a number of countries quantitatively with a high degree of correlation that allows to use it for predictive estimations. In addition, some features of SIR model are discussed in the context, how its parameters and conditions reflect measures attempted for the disease growth prevention that is also clearly indicated by deviations from such model solutions."}, {"pmid": 32268515, "pmcid": "PMC7232366", "title": "In Silico Discovery of Candidate Drugs against Covid-19.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Cava, Claudia", "Bertoli, Gloria", "Castiglioni, Isabella"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268515", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies reported that Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main cell receptor of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. It plays a key role in the access of the virus into the cell to produce the final infection. In the present study we investigated in silico the basic mechanism of ACE2 in the lung and provided evidences for new potentially effective drugs for Covid-19. Specifically, we used the gene expression profiles from public datasets including The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus and Genotype-Tissue Expression, Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis to investigate the main functions of ACE2-correlated genes. We constructed a protein-protein interaction network containing the genes co-expressed with ACE2. Finally, we focused on the genes in the network that are already associated with known drugs and evaluated their role for a potential treatment of Covid-19. Our results demonstrate that the genes correlated with ACE2 are mainly enriched in the sterol biosynthetic process, Aryldialkylphosphatase activity, adenosylhomocysteinase activity, trialkylsulfonium hydrolase activity, acetate-CoA and CoA ligase activity. We identified a network of 193 genes, 222 interactions and 36 potential drugs that could have a crucial role. Among possible interesting drugs for Covid-19 treatment, we found Nimesulide, Fluticasone Propionate, Thiabendazole, Photofrin, Didanosine and Flutamide."}, {"pmid": 32347618, "pmcid": "PMC7235476", "title": "Which dermatology patients attend to Dermatology Outpatient Clinics during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Turkey and what happened to them?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Cengiz, Fatma Pelin", "Emiroglu, Nazan", "Bahali, Anil Gulsel", "Dizman, Didem", "Taslidere, Nazan", "Akarslan, Tahsin Cagdas", "Gunes, Begum", "Mert, Omer", "Kucuk, Ozlem Su", "Onsun, Nahide"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347618", "countries": ["China", "Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease, first emerged in Wuhan, rapidly spread all over the world since December 2019. There are concerns about elective dermatology appointments and its results. Herein, we aimed to find out which type of dermatologic patients attended to dermatology outpatient clinic. The patients visiting the clinics for elective dermatologic diseases between March 11 and 18, 2020, were included in this study. Their age, sex, diagnosis of disease, requirement for emergent intervention, and their medical records about COVID-19 were obtained. There were 390 patients attending to the dermatology outpatient clinic in this period. The most common disease was acne (N: 94, 24%), only 19% of patients need emergent interventions or dose adjustment. There were 40 (10%) patients over the age of 65. After their visits, five patients were diagnosed as COVID-19 in 2weeks. Dermatologic examinations may be a vector for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission since being closed to the patient. Five of our patients were diagnosed as COVID-19 after their elective visit to hospital. Since the asymptomatic course of some young patients, most of our patients were not screened for COVID-19. Our findings support the concerns of elective physician examinations."}, {"pmid": 32282628, "title": "COVID-19 - A Guide to Rapid Implementation of Telehealth Services: A Playbook for the Pediatric Gastroenterologist.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Berg, Elizabeth A", "Picoraro, Joseph A", "Miller, Steven D", "Srinath, Arvind", "Franciosi, James P", "Hayes, Christopher E", "Farrell, Peter R", "Cole, Conrad R", "LeLeiko, Neal S"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282628", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521154, "title": "Audio Interview: The Impact of Covid-19 on Minority Communities.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Evans, Michele", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521154", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423849, "pmcid": "PMC7188635", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and gastrointestinal tract: The dark side of the pandemic.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Grassia, Roberto", "Testa, Sophie", "Pan, Angelo", "Conti, Clara Benedetta"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423849", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32004165, "pmcid": "PMC7147275", "title": "Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Ren, Li-Li", "Wang, Ye-Ming", "Wu, Zhi-Qiang", "Xiang, Zi-Chun", "Guo, Li", "Xu, Teng", "Jiang, Yong-Zhong", "Xiong, Yan", "Li, Yong-Jun", "Li, Xing-Wang", "Li, Hui", "Fan, Guo-Hui", "Gu, Xiao-Ying", "Xiao, Yan", "Gao, Hong", "Xu, Jiu-Yang", "Yang, Fan", "Wang, Xin-Ming", "Wu, Chao", "Chen, Lan", "Liu, Yi-Wei", "Liu, Bo", "Yang, Jian", "Wang, Xiao-Rui", "Dong, Jie", "Li, Li", "Huang, Chao-Lin", "Zhao, Jian-Ping", "Hu, Yi", "Cheng, Zhen-Shun", "Liu, Lin-Lin", "Qian, Zhao-Hui", "Qin, Chuan", "Jin, Qi", "Cao, Bin", "Wang, Jian-Wei"], "date": "2020-02-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32004165", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human infections with zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs), including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, have raised great public health concern globally. Here, we report a novel bat-origin CoV causing severe and fatal pneumonia in humans. We collected clinical data and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens from five patients with severe pneumonia from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Hubei province, China. Nucleic acids of the BAL were extracted and subjected to next-generation sequencing. Virus isolation was carried out, and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed. Five patients hospitalized from December 18 to December 29, 2019 presented with fever, cough, and dyspnea accompanied by complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Chest radiography revealed diffuse opacities and consolidation. One of these patients died. Sequence results revealed the presence of a previously unknown \u03b2-CoV strain in all five patients, with 99.8% to 99.9% nucleotide identities among the isolates. These isolates showed 79.0% nucleotide identity with the sequence of SARS-CoV (GenBank NC_004718) and 51.8% identity with the sequence of MERS-CoV (GenBank NC_019843). The virus is phylogenetically closest to a bat SARS-like CoV (SL-ZC45, GenBank MG772933) with 87.6% to 87.7% nucleotide identity, but is in a separate clade. Moreover, these viruses have a single intact open reading frame gene 8, as a further indicator of bat-origin CoVs. However, the amino acid sequence of the tentative receptor-binding domain resembles that of SARS-CoV, indicating that these viruses might use the same receptor. A novel bat-borne CoV was identified that is associated with severe and fatal respiratory disease in humans."}, {"pmid": 32455807, "title": "The COVID-19 Infection in Italy: A Statistical Study of an Abnormally Severe Disease.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["De Natale, Giuseppe", "Ricciardi, Valerio", "De Luca, Gabriele", "De Natale, Dario", "Di Meglio, Giovanni", "Ferragamo, Antonio", "Marchitelli, Vito", "Piccolo, Andrea", "Scala, Antonio", "Somma, Renato", "Spina, Emanuele", "Troise, Claudia"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455807", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We statistically investigate the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, which became particularly invasive in Italy in March 2020. We show that the high apparent lethality or case fatality ratio (CFR) observed in Italy, as compared with other countries, is likely biased by a strong underestimation of the number of infection cases. To give a more realistic estimate of the lethality of COVID-19, we use the actual (March 2020) estimates of the infection fatality ratio (IFR) of the pandemic based on the minimum observed CFR and analyze data obtained from the Diamond Princess cruise ship, a good representation of a \"laboratory\" case-study from an isolated system in which all the people have been tested. From such analyses, we derive more realistic estimates of the real extent of the infection as well as more accurate indicators of how fast the infection propagates. We then isolate the dominant factors causing the abnormal severity of the disease in Italy. Finally, we use the death count-the only data estimated to be reliable enough-to predict the total number of people infected and the interval of time when the infection in Italy could end."}, {"pmid": 32417882, "pmcid": "PMC7239201", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic planning, response, and lessons learned at a community hospital.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Schiller, Daryl S", "Fulman, Magda", "Champagne, Jennifer", "Awad, Nirvana"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32259387, "pmcid": "PMC7262335", "title": "International perspectives: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cytology.", "journal": "Cancer Cytopathol", "authors": ["Rossi, Esther Diana", "Pantanowitz, Liron"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259387", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287787, "pmcid": "PMC7131653", "title": "Deadly unknowns.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287787", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are still scrambling to understand how dangerous the Wuhan coronavirus is."}, {"pmid": 32341214, "title": "Quo vadis after COVID-19: a new path for global emergency preparedness?", "journal": "WHO South East Asia J Public Health", "authors": ["Khetrapal Singh, Poonam", "Ofrin, Roderico H"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341214", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430140, "pmcid": "PMC7211572", "title": "[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical activity within academic urological departments in Paris].", "journal": "Prog Urol", "authors": ["Pinar, U", "Anract, J", "Duquesne, I", "Dariane, C", "Chartier-Kastler, E", "Cussenot, O", "Desgrandchamps, F", "Hermieu, J-F", "Irani, J", "de La Taille, A", "Mejean, A", "Mongiat-Artus, P", "Peyromaure, M", "Barrou, B", "Zerbib, M", "Roupret, M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430140", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in France, all non-emergency surgical activity has been cancelled since March 12, 2020. In order to anticipate the reinstatement of delayed interventions, surgical activity reduction analysis is essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reduction of urological surgery in adult during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to 2019. The data regarding urological procedures realized in the 8 academic urological departments of Parisians centres (AP-HP) were compared over two similar periods (14-29 March 2019 and 12-27 March 2020) using the centralized surgical planning software shared by these centres. Procedure title, type of surgery and outpatient ratio were collected. The interventions were sorted into 16 major families of urological interventions. Overall, a 55% decrease was observed concerning urological procedures over the same period between 2019 and 2020 (995 and 444 procedures respectively). Oncology activity and emergencies decreased by 31% and 44%. The number of kidney transplantations decreased from 39 to 3 (-92%). Functional, andrological and genital surgical procedures were the most impacted among the non-oncological procedures (-85%, -81% and -71%, respectively). Approximatively, 1033 hours of surgery have been delayed during this 16-day period. Lockdown and postponement of non-urgent scheduled urological procedures decisions has led to a drastic decrease in surgical activity in AP-HP. Isolated kidney transplantation has been stopped (national statement). Urologists must anticipate for lockdown exit in order to catch-up delayed surgeries. 3."}, {"pmid": 32353743, "pmcid": "PMC7179490", "title": "Purposing Saikosaponins for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Bahbah, Eshak I", "Negida, Ahmed", "Nabet, Mohamed Salah"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353743", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374541, "title": "[Diabetes and COVID-19 infection].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Kosinski, Christophe", "Zanchi, Anne", "Wojtusciszyn, Anne"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374541", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on the epidemiological data currently available, diabetes does not seem to be a risk factor for infection with SARS-CoV-2 but may be associated with a more severe course. Diabetes is extremely common in older patients with co-morbidities who are at risk of unfavorable outcomes. As with any other infection, poorly controlled pre-existing diabetes can promote secondary infections and lead to acute complications related to hyperglycemia, worsened itself by the infection. It is important to advise patients to have enough diabetic equipment and supplies at home, to make regular blood glucose self-tests, and to contact a caregiver immediately in case of glycemic imbalance or signs of infection. Antidiabetic therapy may need adjustments following usual sick day rules. Insulin therapy should be considered to treat any persistent hyperglycemia in patients hospitalized for an acute infection."}, {"pmid": 32407826, "pmcid": "PMC7214329", "title": "Environmental contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in a designated hospital for coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Wu, Songjie", "Wang, Ying", "Jin, Xuelan", "Tian, Jia", "Liu, Jianzhong", "Mao, Yiping"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407826", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by risk of nosocomial transmission; however, the extent of environmental contamination and its potential contribution of environmental contamination to SARS-CoV-2 transmission are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate whether environmental contamination may play a role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Air samples were collected by natural precipitation, and environmental surface samples were collected by conventional surface swabbing. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection was performed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Viral RNA was not detected in the 44 air samples. The positive rates in 200 environmental surface samples in medical areas (24.83%) was higher than that in living quarters (3.64%), with a significant difference (P < .05). The positive rates were 25.00% and 37.50% for the general isolation ward and intensive care unit, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between them (P\u202f=\u202f.238). The top 5 sampling sites with a positive rate in medical areas were beepers (50.00%), water machine buttons (50.00%), elevator buttons (42.86%), computer mouses (40.00%), and telephones (40.00%). Most of the touchable surfaces in the designated hospital for COVID-19 were heavily contaminated, suggesting that the environment is a potential medium of disease transmission. These results emphasize the need for strict environmental surface hygiene practices and enhanced hand hygiene to prevent the spread of the virus."}, {"pmid": 32416207, "pmcid": "PMC7235584", "title": "The risk of respiratory tract infections and symptoms in psoriasis patients treated with IL-17-pathway inhibiting biologics: A meta-estimate of pivotal trials relevant to decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Wan, Marilyn T", "Shin, Daniel B", "Winthrop, Kevin L", "Gelfand, Joel M"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416207", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305884, "pmcid": "PMC7195311", "title": "Epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19: A review of current literature.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Siordia, Juan A Jr"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305884", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 is a pandemic influencing the first half of the year 2020. The virus has rapidly spread to many countries. Studies are rapidly published to share information regarding epidemiology, clinical and diagnostic patterns, and prognosis. The following review condenses the surge of information into an organized format."}, {"pmid": 32292252, "pmcid": "PMC7150607", "title": "Recommendations for Surgery During the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemic.", "journal": "Indian J Surg", "authors": ["Liu, Zheng", "Zhang, Yawei", "Wang, Xishan", "Zhang, Daming", "Diao, Dechang", "Chandramohan, K", "Booth, Christopher M"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292252", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The whole world is going through an unprecedented period during the pandemic of COVID-19. This pandemic has affected all aspects of daily life with far-reaching implications, especially in most aspects of healthcare. Practice of surgery across the globe is in a standstill as of now. When we restart surgical practices across world, we have to bring new protocols and practices in place to combat the transmission. This article discusses the major changes in surgical practice, which need to be brought in. This article is based on scientific information about transmission of virus and experiences of some of the authors from China, a country which successfully dealt with and contained the virus outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32482348, "pmcid": "PMC7247479", "title": "Provision of Emergency Maxillofacial Service During the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Collaborative Five Centre UK Study.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Blackhall, K K", "Downie, I P", "Ramchandani, P", "Kusanale, A", "Walsh, S", "Srinivasan, B", "Shields, H", "Brennan, P A", "Singh, R P"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482348", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) represents one of the greatest challenges to healthcare systems, and has forced medical specialties to rapidly adapt their approaches to patient care. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is considered particularly at risk of disease transmission due to aerosol generation during surgical interventions, patient proximity and operating environment. On day 2 (26th March, 2020) of when severe restrictions in population movement were instigated in the United Kingdom, we began a study to prospectively monitor the presentation and management of maxillofacial emergencies at five hospital trusts. Data was collected onto an online live database fed through a smartphone application. Of the total 529 patients over six weeks, 395 attended for face-to-face consultations and 134 patients received remote consultations via telephone or video link. There were 255 trauma related cases, 221 infection and 48 cases of postoperative complications. Most trauma cases were minor soft tissue injury related to slip, trip or fall at home. There were 44 cases of facial fractures with a tendency for conservative treatment. 19 cases were related to domestic violence or self-harm. Of the 216 dental related emergencies, 68% could have been managed in the primary care setting. A quarter of all emergency patients were satisfactorily managed by remote consultations. There was a significant change in the provision of emergency maxillofacial service during the pandemic lockdown. We discuss the study findings as well as the potential implications in relation to planning for possible further COVID- 19 spikes and future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32324622, "pmcid": "PMC7188041", "title": "Restructuring Electrophysiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Practical Guide from a New York City Hospital Network.", "journal": "Crit Pathw Cardiol", "authors": ["Rubin, Geoffrey A", "Wan, Elaine Y", "Saluja, Deepak", "Thomas, George", "Slotwiner, David J", "Goldbarg, Seth", "Chaudhary, Salma", "Turitto, Gioia", "Dizon, Jose", "Yarmohammadi, Hirad", "Ehlert, Frederick", "Rubin, David A", "Morrow, John P", "Waase, Marc", "Berman, Jeremy", "Kushnir, Alexander", "Abrams, Mark P", "Halik, Carolyn", "Kumaraiah, Deepa", "Schwartz, Allan", "Kirtane, Ajay", "Kodali, Susheel", "Goldenthal, Isaac", "Garan, Hasan", "Biviano, Angelo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324622", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 crisis is a global pandemic of a novel infectious disease with far-ranging public health implications. With regard to cardiac electrophysiology (EP) services, we discuss the \"real-world\" challenges and solutions that have been essential for efficient and successful (i) ramping down of standard clinical practice patterns and (ii) pivoting of workflow processes to meet the demands of this pandemic. The aims of these recommendations are to outline: (1) essential practical steps to approaching procedures, as well as outpatient and inpatient care of EP patients, with relevant examples, (2) successful strategies to minimize exposure risk to patients and clinical staff while also balancing resource utilization, (3) challenges related to redeployment and restructuring of clinical and support staff, and (4) considerations regarding continued collaboration with clinical and administrative colleagues in order to implement these changes. While process changes will vary across practices and hospital systems, we believe that these experiences from four different EP sections in a large New York city hospital network currently based in the global epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic will prove useful for other EP practices adapting their own practices in preparation for local surges."}, {"pmid": 32427172, "pmcid": "PMC7233207", "title": "COVID-19 Antibody Testing in Pregnancy.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Zullo, Fabrizio", "Di Mascio, Daniele", "Saccone, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427172", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525566, "title": "Low prevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Cancer", "authors": ["Liu, Tao", "Zeng, Guang", "Tao, Huangheng", "Shi, Yue", "Wang, Ting", "Liu, Tongzu", "Guo, Fangjian", "Zhou, Fuling", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525566", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311451, "pmcid": "PMC7165079", "title": "Specific ACE2 expression in small intestinal enterocytes may cause gastrointestinal symptoms and injury after 2019-nCoV infection.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Hui", "Li, Hong-Bao", "Lyu, Jian-Rui", "Lei, Xiao-Ming", "Li, Wei", "Wu, Gang", "Lyu, Jun", "Dai, Zhi-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311451", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China and rapidly spread in other countries in December 2019. The infected patients presented with fever, respiratory symptoms, sometimes with digestive and other systemic manifestations, and some progressed with a severe acute respiratory syndrome or even death. Associated digestive symptoms were frequently observed in the patients, with an unknown significance and mechanism. ACE2, as the major known functional receptor of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) attracted our attention. We collected the clinical data of the 2019-nCoV-infected patients from published studies and extracted the data about the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, we used online datasets to analyze ACE2 expression in different human organs, especially in the small intestine, to explore the relationship between ACE2 expression patterns and clinical symptoms. We found that diarrhea accounted for a notable proportion of COVID-19 patients, ranging from 8.0% to 12.9%. The results reveal that ACE2 mRNA and protein are highly expressed in the small intestinal enterocytes but not in the goblet cells or intestinal immune cells. High expression of ACE2 on the surface cells in the digestive tract may lead to gastrointestinal symptoms and inflammation susceptibility. Overall, digestive symptoms were common in the COVID-19 patients. ACE2 expression on surface cells of the small intestine may mediate the invasion and amplification of the virus and activation of gastrointestinal inflammation. It is a possible mechanism of digestive symptoms in the COVID-19 patients and explains the presence of the virus in patients' stool samples. The study also highlights the necessity of taking stool samples for suspected patients to help in early diagnosis and assessment of disease status."}, {"pmid": 32077661, "title": "[Expert consensus on preventing nosocomial transmission during respiratory care for critically ill patients infected by 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077661", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Definite evidence has shown that the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) could be transmitted from person to person, so far more than 1,700 bedside clinicians have been infected. A lot of respiratory treatments for critically ill patients are deemed as high-risk factors for nosocomial transmission, such as intubation, manual ventilation by resuscitator, noninvasive ventilation, high-flow nasal cannula, bronchoscopy examination, suction and patient transportation, etc, due to its high possibility to cause or worsen the spread of the virus. As such, we developed this consensus recommendations on all those high-risk treatments, based on the current evidence as well as the resource limitation in some areas, with the aim to reduce the nosocomial transmission and optimize the treatment for the COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Those recommendations include: (1) Standard prevention and protection, and patient isolation; (2) Patient wearing mask during HFNC treatment; (3) Using dual limb ventilator with filters placed at the ventilator outlets, or using heat-moisture exchanger (HME) instead of heated humidification in single limb ventilator with HME placed between exhalation port and mask; avoid using mask with exhalation port on the mask; (4) Placing filter between resuscitator and mask or artificial airway; (5) For spontaneous breathing patients, placing mask for patients during bronchoscopy examination; for patients receiving noninvasive ventilation, using the special mask with bronchoscopy port to perform bronchoscopy; (6) Using sedation and paralytics during intubation, cuff pressure should be maintained between 25-30 cmH(2)O; (7) In-line suction catheter is recommended and it can be used for one week; (8) Dual-limb heated wire circuits are recommended and only changed with visible soiled; (9. For patients who need breathing support during transportation, placing an HME between ventilator and patient; (10) PSV is recommended for implementing spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), avoid using T-piece to do SBT. When tracheotomy patients are weaned from ventilator, HME should be used, avoid using T-piece or tracheostomy mask. (11) Avoid unnecessary bronchial hygiene therapy; (12) For patients who need aerosol therapy, dry powder inhaler metered dose inhaler with spacer is recommended for spontaneous breathing patients; while vibrating mesh nebulizer is recommended for ventilated patients and additional filter is recommended to be placed at the expiratory port of ventilation during nebulization."}, {"pmid": 32503205, "title": "Distress and Resilience in the Days of COVID-19: Comparing Two Ethnicities.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Kimhi, Shaul", "Eshel, Yohanan", "Marciano, Hadas", "Adini, Bruria"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503205", "countries": ["Israel"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing epidemic of coronavirus disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome, which has spread recently worldwide. Efforts to prevent the virus from spreading include travel restrictions, lockdowns as well as national or regional quarantines throughout the international community. The major negative psychological outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic is the anxiety caused by it. The aim of the present study was to examine the level of concern and the contributions of modes of resilience, well-being and demographic attributes towards decreasing or enhancing anxiety and depression among two samples: Israeli Jews (majority group) and Israeli Arabs (minority group). These random samples included 605 Jews and 156 Arabs who participated in an internet survey. A previous study, which has been conducted in the context of terror attacks, has shown that compared to Israeli Jews, Israeli Arabs expressed a higher level of fear of war and lower levels of resilience supporting personality attributes. The results of the current study indicated a similar pattern that emerged in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: the Israeli Arabs reported a higher level of distress and a lower level of resilience and well-being."}, {"pmid": 32377387, "pmcid": "PMC7199186", "title": "High-flow Nasal Cannula Oxygenation Revisited in COVID-19.", "journal": "Card Fail Rev", "authors": ["Rali, Aniket S", "Nunna, Krishidhar R", "Howard, Christopher", "Herlihy, James P", "Guntupalli, Kalpalatha K"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377387", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479816, "pmcid": "PMC7260597", "title": "An update on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 with particular reference to its clinical pathology, pathogenesis, immunopathology and mitigation strategies.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dhama, Kuldeep", "Patel, Shailesh Kumar", "Pathak, Mamta", "Yatoo, Mohd Iqbal", "Tiwari, Ruchi", "Malik, Yashpal Singh", "Singh, Rajendra", "Sah, Ranjit", "Rabaan, Ali A", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479816", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in early December 2019 in China and became a pandemic situation worldwide by its rapid spread to more than 200 countries or territories. Bats are considered as the reservoir host, and the search of a probable intermediate host is still going on. The severe form of the infection is associated with death is mainly reported in older and immune-compromised patients with pre-existing disease history. Death in severe cases is attributed to respiratory failure associated with hyperinflammation. Cytokine storm syndrome associated with inflammation in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is considered as the leading cause of mortality in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients have thus higher levels of many proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The blood laboratory profile of the COVID-19 patients exhibits lymphopenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and RNAaemia, along with increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase. SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women does not lead to fetus mortality, unlike other zoonotic coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and there is, to date, no evidence of intrauterine transmission to neonates. Rapid diagnostics have been developed, and significant efforts are being made to develop effective vaccines and therapeutics. In the absence of any virus-specific therapy, internationally, health care authorities are recommending the adoption of effective community mitigation measures to counter and contain this pandemic virus. This paper is an overview of this virus and the disease with a particular focus on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 clinical pathology, pathogenesis, and immunopathology, along with recent research developments."}, {"pmid": 32309814, "pmcid": "PMC7162647", "title": "Rheumatic disease and COVID-19: initial data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance provider registries.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Gianfrancesco, Milena A", "Hyrich, Kimme L", "Gossec, Laure", "Strangfeld, Anja", "Carmona, Loreto", "Mateus, Elsa F", "Sufka, Paul", "Grainger, Rebecca", "Wallace, Zachary", "Bhana, Suleman", "Sirotich, Emily", "Liew, Jean", "Hausmann, Jonathan S", "Costello, Wendy", "Robinson, Philip", "Machado, Pedro M", "Yazdany, Jinoos"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309814", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32210742, "pmcid": "PMC7081066", "title": "Role of changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the interaction with the human ACE2 receptor: An in silico analysis.", "journal": "EXCLI J", "authors": ["Ortega, Joseph Thomas", "Serrano, Maria Luisa", "Pujol, Flor Helene", "Rangel, Hector Rafael"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210742", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many human viral diseases are a consequence of a zoonotic event. Some of the diseases caused by these zoonotic events have affected millions of people around the world, some of which have resulted in high rates of morbidity/mortality in humans. Changes in the viral proteins that function as ligands of the host receptor may promote the spillover between species. The most recent of these zoonotic events that have caused an ongoing epidemic of high magnitude is the Covid-19 epidemics caused by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to determine the mutation(s) in the sequence of the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 that might be favoring human to human transmission. An in silico approach was performed, and changes were detected in the S1 subunit of the receptor-binding domain of spike. The observed changes have significant effect on SARS-CoV-2 spike/ACE2 interaction and produce a reduction in the binding energy, compared to the one of the Bat-CoV to this receptor. The data presented in this study suggest a higher affinity of the SARS-Cov-2 spike protein to the human ACE2 receptor, compared to the one of Bat-CoV spike and ACE2. This could be the cause of the rapid viral spread of SARS-CoV-2 in humans."}, {"pmid": 32441805, "title": "Severe Acute Lung Injury Related to COVID-19 Infection: A Review and the Possible Role for Escin.", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Gallelli, Luca", "Zhang, Leiming", "Wang, Tian", "Fu, Fenghua"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441805", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute lung injury (ALI) represents the most severe form of the viral infection sustained by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Today, it is a pandemic infection, and even if several compounds are used as curative or supportive treatment, there is not a definitive treatment. In particular, antiviral treatment used for the treatment of several viral infections (eg, hepatitis C, HIV, Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus) are today used with a mild or moderate effect on the lung injury. In fact, ALI seems to be related to the inflammatory burst and release of proinflammatory mediators that induce intra-alveolar fibrin accumulation that reduces the gas exchange. Therefore, an add-on therapy with drugs able to reduce inflammation, edema, and cell activation has been proposed as well as a treatment with interferon, corticosteroids or monoclonal antibodies (eg, tocilizumab). In this article reviewing literature data related to the use of escin, an agent having potent anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects in lung injury, we suggest that it could represent a therapeutic opportunity as add-on therapy in ALI related to COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32371384, "title": "Covid-19: GPs have a fortnight to start organising weekly care home reviews, says NHS.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371384", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320742, "pmcid": "PMC7167295", "title": "Commentary: COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: What we know, how our patients should be treated now, and what should happen next.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Angelidi, Angeliki M", "Belanger, Matthew J", "Mantzoros, Christos S"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320742", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32153170, "title": "[Clinical characteristics and influencing factors of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia combined with liver injury in Shaanxi region].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yao, N", "Wang, S N", "Lian, J Q", "Sun, Y T", "Zhang, G F", "Kang, W Z", "Kang, W"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32153170", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To understand the clinical characteristics, change of liver function, influencing factors and prognosis in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) combined with liver injury. Methods: The general conditions, biochemical indicators of liver, blood clotting mechanism, routine blood test, UGT1A1 * 28 gene polymorphism and other data of 40 cases with COVID-19 admitted to the isolation ward of Tangdu Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics, influencing factors and prognosis of liver injury in patients with liver injury group and those with normal liver function group were compared. The mean of two samples in univariate analysis was compared by t-test and analysis of variance. The counting data was measured by \u03c7(2) tests. The non-normal distribution measurement data were described by the median, and the non-parametric test was used. Statistically significant influencing factors were used as the independent variables in univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the main influencing factors of liver injury. Results: Of the 40 cases, 25 were male (62.5%) and 15 were female (37.5%), aged 22 to 83 (53.87 \u00b1 15.84) years. Liver injury was occurred in 22 cases (55%) during the course of the disease. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was initially increased (4.4 to 3.5 times of the normal value) along with decrease of albumin in the second week, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Ten cases (43.5%) had highest abnormal total blood bilirubin (54.1 \u03bcmol/ L). There was no correlation between the increase in transaminase and the increase in total blood bilirubin (R = -0.006, P = 0.972). Three cases had prothrombin activity (PTA) of \u226450%, 10 cases had elevated FDP, and 13 cases had elevated D-dimer, all of whom were severe or critically ill. Liver function injury was more likely to occur in patients who used many types of drugs and large amounts of hormones (P = 0.002, P = 0.031), and there was no correlation with the TA6TA7 mutation in the UGT1A1 * 28 gene locus. Multiple regression analysis showed that the occurrence of liver injury was only related to critical illness. The liver function of all patients had recovered within one week after conventional liver protection treatment. Conclusion: COVID-19 combined with liver function injury may be due to the slight elevation of transaminase, mostly around the second week of the disease course. Severe patients have a higher proportion of liver injury, and critical type is an independent risk factor for liver injury."}, {"pmid": 32246910, "pmcid": "PMC7270640", "title": "US NICUs and donor milk banks brace for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Furlow, Bryant"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246910", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521580, "title": "[Expert consensus on Corona Virus Disease 2019 with special blood purification technology].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521580", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to more than 70 countries worldwide and there was a higher mortality in those who developed serious illness.Cytokine storm syndrome is an important pathophysiological basis for COVID-19 patients developing into severe or critical conditions. It was indicated in the diagnosis and treatment scheme, by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, that blood purifications such as plasma exchange, plasma adsorption, hemoperfusion, hemofiltration and plasmafiltration could be considered for use in the critical patients with cytokine storm syndrome. This expert consensus, proposed by the Chinese Society of Nephrology and the Nephrology Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association, is to guide and standardize the clinical application of blood purifications in the treatment of severe or critical patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32475597, "pmcid": "PMC7175912", "title": "The important role of polysaccharides from a traditional Chinese medicine-Lung Cleansing and Detoxifying Decoction against the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Carbohydr Polym", "authors": ["Cao, Peng", "Wu, Sanlan", "Wu, Tingting", "Deng, Yahui", "Zhang, Qilin", "Wang, Kaiping", "Zhang, Yu"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475597", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus pneumonia, named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization, has become a pandemic. It is highly pathogenic and reproduces quickly. There are currently no specific drugs to prevent the reproduction and spread of COVID-19. Some traditional Chinese medicines, especially the Lung Cleansing and Detoxifying Decoction (Qing Fei Pai Du Tang), have shown therapeutic effects on mild and ordinary COVID-19 patients. Polysaccharides are important ingredients in this decoction. This review summarizes the potential pharmacological activities of polysaccharides isolated by hot water extraction from Lung Cleansing and Detoxifying Decoction, which is consistent with its production method, to provide the theoretical basis for ongoing research on its application."}, {"pmid": 32477021, "pmcid": "PMC7232897", "title": "Lifestyle at Time of COVID-19: How Could Quarantine Affect Cardiovascular Risk.", "journal": "Am J Lifestyle Med", "authors": ["Mattioli, Anna Vittoria", "Ballerini Puviani, Matteo"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32477021", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is causing a global pandemic with a high number of deaths and infected people. To contain the diffusion of COVID-19 virus, governments have enforced restrictions on outdoor activities or even collective quarantine on the population. Quarantine carries some long-term effects on cardiovascular disease, mainly related to unhealthy lifestyle and anxiety."}, {"pmid": 32475811, "title": "Sars-CoV-2 and black population: ACE2 as shield or blade?", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Vinciguerra, Mattia", "Greco, Ernesto"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475811", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32398299, "title": "To compare the incomparable: COVID-19 pneumonia and high altitude disease.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Strapazzon, Giacomo", "Hilty, Matthias P", "Bouzat, Pierre", "Pratali, Lorenza", "Brugger, Hermann", "Rauch, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398299", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240603, "pmcid": "PMC7118606", "title": "COVID-19: global consequences for oncology.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["The Lancet Oncology"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240603", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493626, "pmcid": "PMC7241389", "title": "S1 Subunit and Host Proteases as Potential Therapeutic Avenues for the Treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Arafah, Azher", "Ali, Shafat", "Yatoo, Ali Mohd", "Ali, Md Niamat", "Rehman, Muneeb U"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493626", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, now called COVID-19 initially originated in Wuhan city of China and later spread across borders and infected more than five million people and killed over 3.4 lakh people all over the globe. This disease has been announced as pandemic by WHO. So far, there has been not much progress in terms of drug development for fighting against this deadliest virus, also no existing drugs has been reported completely effective for COVID-19 treatment owing to lack of effective therapeutic targets and a broad understanding of the viral behavior in target cell. Some reports have found and confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 like others SARS-CoVs utilizes angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptor for making entry into target cell by binding to the receptor with its S1 subunit and employing host cell proteases for cleaving S2 subunit at S2' in order to fuse with cell membrane. Thus, simultaneous blocking of S1 subunit and inactivation of proteases seem to be promising therapeutic targets for the development of effective novel drugs. In current write up we hypothesize that S1 subunit and host proteases as potential therapeutic avenues for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32384159, "pmcid": "PMC7239177", "title": "Effectiveness of interventions targeting air travellers for delaying local outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Clifford, Samuel", "Pearson, Carl A B", "Klepac, Petra", "Van Zandvoort, Kevin", "Quilty, Billy J", "Eggo, Rosalind M", "Flasche, Stefan"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384159", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We evaluated if interventions aimed at air travellers can delay local SARS-CoV-2 community transmission in a previously unaffected country. We simulated infected air travellers arriving into countries with no sustained SARS-CoV-2 transmission or other introduction routes from affected regions. We assessed the effectiveness of syndromic screening at departure and/or arrival & traveller sensitisation to the COVID-2019-like symptoms with the aim to trigger rapid self-isolation and reporting on symptom onset to enable contact tracing. We assumed that syndromic screening would reduce the number of infected arrivals and that traveller sensitisation reduces the average number of secondary cases. We use stochastic simulations to account for uncertainty in both arrival and secondary infections rates, and present sensitivity analyses on arrival rates of infected travellers and the effectiveness of traveller sensitisation. We report the median expected delay achievable in each scenario and an inner 50% interval. Under baseline assumptions, introducing exit and entry screening in combination with traveller sensitisation can delay a local SARS-CoV-2 outbreak by 8\u00a0days (50% interval: 3-14\u00a0days) when the rate of importation is 1 infected traveller per week at time of introduction. The additional benefit of entry screening is small if exit screening is effective: the combination of only exit screening and traveller sensitisation can delay an outbreak by 7\u00a0days (50% interval: 2-13\u00a0days). In the absence of screening, with less effective sensitisation, or a higher rate of importation, these delays shrink rapidly to less than 4\u00a0days. Syndromic screening and traveller sensitisation in combination may have marginally delayed SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in unaffected countries."}, {"pmid": 32191588, "pmcid": "PMC7233473", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Distinguishes COVID-19 from Community Acquired Pneumonia on Chest CT.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Li, Lin", "Qin, Lixin", "Xu, Zeguo", "Yin, Youbing", "Wang, Xin", "Kong, Bin", "Bai, Junjie", "Lu, Yi", "Fang, Zhenghan", "Song, Qi", "Cao, Kunlin", "Liu, Daliang", "Wang, Guisheng", "Xu, Qizhong", "Fang, Xisheng", "Zhang, Shiqin", "Xia, Juan", "Xia, Jun"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191588", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Coronavirus disease has widely spread all over the world since the beginning of 2020. It is desirable to develop automatic and accurate detection of COVID-19 using chest CT. Purpose To develop a fully automatic framework to detect COVID-19 using chest CT and evaluate its performances. Materials and Methods In this retrospective and multi-center study, a deep learning model, COVID-19 detection neural network (COVNet), was developed to extract visual features from volumetric chest CT exams for the detection of COVID-19. Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and other non-pneumonia CT exams were included to test the robustness of the model. The datasets were collected from 6 hospitals between August 2016 and February 2020. Diagnostic performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity. Results The collected dataset consisted of 4356 chest CT exams from 3,322 patients. The average age is 49\u00b115 years and there were slightly more male patients than female (1838 vs 1484; p-value=0.29). The per-exam sensitivity and specificity for detecting COVID-19 in the independent test set was 114 of 127 (90% [95% CI: 83%, 94%]) and 294 of 307 (96% [95% CI: 93%, 98%]), respectively, with an AUC of 0.96 (p-value<0.001). The per-exam sensitivity and specificity for detecting CAP in the independent test set was 87% (152 of 175) and 92% (239 of 259), respectively, with an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.97). Conclusions A deep learning model can accurately detect COVID-19 and differentiate it from community acquired pneumonia and other lung diseases."}, {"pmid": 32425293, "pmcid": "PMC7229962", "title": "Re: Al-Muharraqi MA. Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery - continuing the service and 'suppressing' the pandemic. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020 Apr 13 pii: S0266-4356(20)30164-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.014. [Epub ahead of print].", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["O' Connell, K", "Fitzpatrick, F", "Richmond, A", "Foley, M", "Martin, F"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425293", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352362, "title": "Management strategies for patients with autoimmune diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective from China.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Liu, Yu", "Chang, Christopher", "Lu, Qianjin"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352362", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468166, "title": "Acute kidney injury associated with COVID-19: another extrapulmonary manifestation.", "journal": "Int Urol Nephrol", "authors": ["Barros Camargo, Luis", "Quintero Marzola, Ivan Dario", "Cardenas Gomez, Juan Carlos", "Mendoza Daza, Leidy Tatiana", "Quintana Pajaro, Loraine"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468166", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343162, "title": "Conducting clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Collier, Erin K", "Hsiao, Jennifer L", "Shi, Vivian Y"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343162", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted dermatology clinical trial operations due to mandated governmental and institutional shut-downs and newly implemented restrictions. During this unprecedented time, measures should be taken to maintain research conduct compliance while also ensuring the safety of trial staff and participants. Herein, we underscore the challenges facing dermatology trials during the COVID-19 pandemic, and offer strategies to maintain compliant and safe conduct."}, {"pmid": 32360951, "pmcid": "PMC7192090", "title": "Letter to the Editor: The first Ramadan during COVID-19 pandemic: 1.8 billion Muslims should fast or not?", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Mosaferchi, Saeedeh", "Sharif-Paghaleh, Ehsan", "Mortezapour, Alireza", "Heidarimoghadam, Rashid"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360951", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474119, "pmcid": "PMC7256529", "title": "Innovation in IBD Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Global Telemedicine Survey by the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Lees, Charlie W", "Regueiro, Miguel", "Mahadevan, Uma"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375011, "title": "Exergames as Coping Strategies for Anxiety Disorders During the COVID-19 Quarantine Period.", "journal": "Games Health J", "authors": ["Viana, Ricardo Borges", "de Lira, Claudio Andre Barbosa"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375011", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has led to wide-scale self-isolation, as a result of the quarantine period recommended by the World Health Organization. Consequently, people's mental health, including their anxiety levels, may be becoming impaired. To cope with the situation, the exergame appears to be an enjoyable easy-to-use tool for reducing social isolation, as well as an interesting mode of home-based exercise for tackling anxiety disorders and sedentary behavior. This article critically appraises the opportunities and challenges exergames present for the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders in a home-based environment during the COVID-19 quarantine period."}, {"pmid": 32180173, "pmcid": "PMC7090453", "title": "Lidocaine during intubation and extubation in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Aminnejad, Reza", "Salimi, Alireza", "Saeidi, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32180173", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427914, "title": "Coronavirus: Lombardy lessons for policy and governance.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Simone, Angela"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427914", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376697, "pmcid": "PMC7203451", "title": "An Extensive Meta-Metagenomic Search Identifies SARS-CoV-2-Homologous Sequences in Pangolin Lung Viromes.", "journal": "mSphere", "authors": ["Wahba, Lamia", "Jain, Nimit", "Fire, Andrew Z", "Shoura, Massa J", "Artiles, Karen L", "McCoy, Matthew J", "Jeong, Dae-Eun"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376697", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In numerous instances, tracking the biological significance of a nucleic acid sequence can be augmented through the identification of environmental niches in which the sequence of interest is present. Many metagenomic data sets are now available, with deep sequencing of samples from diverse biological niches. While any individual metagenomic data set can be readily queried using web-based tools, meta-searches through all such data sets are less accessible. In this brief communication, we demonstrate such a meta-metagenomic approach, examining close matches to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in all high-throughput sequencing data sets in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive accessible with the \"virome\" keyword. In addition to the homology to bat coronaviruses observed in descriptions of the SARS-CoV-2 sequence (F. Wu, S. Zhao, B. Yu, Y. M. Chen, et al., Nature 579:265-269, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3; P. Zhou, X. L. Yang, X. G. Wang, B. Hu, et al., Nature 579:270-273, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7), we note a strong homology to numerous sequence reads in metavirome data sets generated from the lungs of deceased pangolins reported by Liu et al. (P. Liu, W. Chen, and J. P. Chen, Viruses 11:979, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/v11110979). While analysis of these reads indicates the presence of a similar viral sequence in pangolin lung, the similarity is not sufficient to either confirm or rule out a role for pangolins as an intermediate host in the recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2. In addition to the implications for SARS-CoV-2 emergence, this study illustrates the utility and limitations of meta-metagenomic search tools in effective and rapid characterization of potentially significant nucleic acid sequences.IMPORTANCE Meta-metagenomic searches allow for high-speed, low-cost identification of potentially significant biological niches for sequences of interest."}, {"pmid": 32398888, "pmcid": "PMC7214307", "title": "[ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in times of COVID-19: back to the last century? A call for attention].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398888", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310715, "title": "Surgical Infection Society Guidance for Operative and Peri-Operative Care of Adult Patients Infected by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Surg Infect (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Heffernan, Daithi S", "Evans, Heather L", "Huston, Jared M", "Claridge, Jeffrey A", "Blake, David P", "May, Addison K", "Beilman, Greg S", "Barie, Philip S", "Kaplan, Lewis J"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310715", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                     Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated viral infection (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) is a virulent, contagious viral pandemic that is affecting populations worldwide. As with any airborne viral respiratory infection, surgical and non-surgical patients may be affected. \n                        Methods:\n                     Review and synthesis of pertinent English-language literature pertaining to COVID-19 infection among adult patients. \n                        Results:\n                     COVID-19 disease that requires hospitalization results in critical illness approximately 25% of the time and requires mechanical ventilation with positive airway pressure. Acute kidney injury, a marked hypercoagulable state, and sometimes myocarditis can be features of COVID-19 in addition to the characteristic severe acute lung injury. Even if not among the most seriously afflicted, older patients with medical comorbidities are both predisposed to infection and risk increased morbidity and mortality, however, all persons presenting for surgical intervention should be suspected of infection (and thus transmissibility) even if asymptomatic. Although most elective surgery has been curtailed by administrative or governmental fiat, patients will still need urgent or emergency operative intervention for time-sensitive disease processes such as malignant neoplasia or for true emergencies such as perforated viscus or traumatic injury. It is possible to provide safe surgical care for SARS-CoV-2-positive patients and minimize nosocomial transmission to healthcare workers. \n                        Conclusions:\n                     This guidance will facilitate appropriate protection of patients and staff, and maintenance of infection control measures to assist surgical personnel and facilities to prepare for COVID-19-infected adult patients requiring urgent or emergent operative intervention and to provide optimal patient care."}, {"pmid": 32187460, "title": "Covid-19 - The Law and Limits of Quarantine.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Parmet, Wendy E", "Sinha, Michael S"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386064, "pmcid": "PMC7273037", "title": "Role of chest CT in patients with acute abdomen during the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Lima, D S", "Ribeiro, M A F Jr", "Gallo, G", "Di Saverio, S"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386064", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32218527, "title": "Identifying SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk", "Shum, Marcus Ho-Hin", "Zhu, Hua-Chen", "Tong, Yi-Gang", "Ni, Xue-Bing", "Liao, Yun-Shi", "Wei, Wei", "Cheung, William Yiu-Man", "Li, Wen-Juan", "Li, Lian-Feng", "Leung, Gabriel M", "Holmes, Edward C", "Hu, Yan-Ling", "Guan, Yi"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218527", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of viral pneumonia in China and across the world is associated with a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-21. This outbreak has been tentatively associated with a seafood market in Wuhan, China, where the sale of wild animals may be the source of zoonotic infection2. Although bats are probable reservoir hosts for SARS-CoV-2, the identity of any intermediate host that may have facilitated transfer to humans is unknown. Here we report the identification of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) seized in anti-smuggling operations in southern China. Metagenomic sequencing identified pangolin-associated coronaviruses that belong to two sub-lineages of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses, including one that exhibits strong similarity in the receptor-binding domain to SARS-CoV-2. The discovery of multiple lineages of pangolin coronavirus and their similarity to SARS-CoV-2 suggests that pangolins should be considered as possible hosts in the emergence of new coronaviruses and should be removed from wet markets to prevent zoonotic transmission."}, {"pmid": 32238217, "pmcid": "PMC7200838", "title": "Potential impact of contaminated bronchoscopes on novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Ofstead, Cori L", "Hopkins, Krystina M", "Binnicker, Matthew J", "Poland, Gregory A"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238217", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32210483, "pmcid": "PMC7071545", "title": "The Battle Against COVID-19: Where Do We Stand Now?", "journal": "Iran J Med Sci", "authors": ["Negahdaripour, Manica"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210483", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386820, "pmcid": "PMC7186203", "title": "Evidence of mother-to-newborn infection with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Sun, Mingyang", "Xu, Guoting", "Yang, Yong", "Tao, Yuan", "Pian-Smith, May", "Madhavan, Vandana", "Xie, Zhongcong", "Zhang, Jiaqiang"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386820", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296012, "title": "Potential benefits of precise corticosteroids therapy for severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Zhou, Wei", "Liu, Yisi", "Tian, Dongdong", "Wang, Cheng", "Wang, Sa", "Cheng, Jing", "Hu, Ming", "Fang, Minghao", "Gao, Yue"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296012", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171882, "pmcid": "PMC7270534", "title": "COVID 19: Will the 2020 Hajj pilgrimage and Tokyo Olympic Games be cancelled?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gautret, Philippe", "Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A", "Hoang, Van Thuan"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171882", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284379, "title": "Novel Ionophores Active against La Crosse Virus Identified through Rapid Antiviral Screening.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Sandler, Zachary J", "Firpo, Mason R", "Omoba, Oreoluwa S", "Vu, Michelle N", "Menachery, Vineet D", "Mounce, Bryan C"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284379", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Bunyaviruses are significant human pathogens, causing diseases ranging from hemorrhagic fevers to encephalitis. Among these viruses, La Crosse virus (LACV), a member of the California serogroup, circulates in the eastern and midwestern United States. While LACV infection is often asymptomatic, dozens of cases of encephalitis are reported yearly. Unfortunately, no antivirals have been approved to treat LACV infection. Here, we developed a method to rapidly test potential antivirals against LACV infection. From this screen, we identified several potential antiviral molecules, including known antivirals. Additionally, we identified many novel antivirals that exhibited antiviral activity without affecting cellular viability. Valinomycin, a potassium ionophore, was among our top targets. We found that valinomycin exhibited potent anti-LACV activity in multiple cell types in a dose-dependent manner. Valinomycin did not affect particle stability or infectivity, suggesting that it may preclude virus replication by altering cellular potassium ions, a known determinant of LACV entry. We extended these results to other ionophores and found that the antiviral activity of valinomycin extended to other viral families, including bunyaviruses (Rift Valley fever virus, Keystone virus), enteroviruses (coxsackievirus, rhinovirus), flavirivuses (Zika virus), and coronaviruses (human coronavirus 229E [HCoV-229E] and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV [MERS-CoV]). In all viral infections, we observed significant reductions in virus titer in valinomycin-treated cells. In sum, we demonstrate the importance of potassium ions to virus infection, suggesting a potential therapeutic target to disrupt virus replication."}, {"pmid": 32533668, "title": "Hospital pharmacist experience in a multidisciplinary team in special care settings.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Santolaya-Perrin, Rosario", "Garcia-Martin, Angeles", "Carrero-Fernandez, Ana", "Torres-Santos-Olmo, Rosario"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533668", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is placing huge strain on health systems and\u00a0professionals. Emergency departments and their pharmacy services have\u00a0been the first to face this challenge before any other pharmacy units. This\u00a0article provides a description of the experience of two public hospitals\u00a0 located\u00a0in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain.\u00a0Team working and\u00a0 reciprocal trust have made it possible to meet the unprecedented\u00a0demand for\u00a0 health services and has facilitated rapid decision\u00a0making. Strategies have been\u00a0 developed to guarantee the availability, distribution\u00a0and safe use of medications. Other strategies have included favoring\u00a0communication within Emergency\u00a0 Departments pharmacy services, and\u00a0between these services and Emergency\u00a0 Departments during the pandemic.\u00a0Multidisciplinary cooperation and information\u00a0 sharing have traditionally\u00a0formed the base for efficient and quality work, along\u00a0 with solid\u00a0technologies that guarantee a safe use of medications. The crucial role of\u00a0information and communication technologies during the pandemic may\u00a0give\u00a0 rise to a new model of pharmaceutical care, which should not replace\u00a0face-to- face Emergency Department pharmacist support and advice.\u00a0Promoting the re- humanization of healthcare and pharmacy services is\u00a0essential. An adequate\u00a0 technical\u00a0training and the development of abilities\u00a0such as flexibility, planning\u00a0 and coordination skills, and an assertive communication and management of\u00a0 emotions will be key to the successful management of unimaginable settings in\u00a0 the future."}, {"pmid": 32451547, "title": "APOE e4 genotype predicts severe COVID-19 in the UK Biobank community cohort.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Kuo, Chia-Ling", "Pilling, Luke C", "Atkins, Janice L", "Masoli, Jane A H", "Delgado, Joao", "Kuchel, George A", "Melzer, David"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451547", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330766, "pmcid": "PMC7165096", "title": "Is temperature reducing the transmission of COVID-19 ?", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Tobias, Aurelio", "Molina, Tomas"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330766", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355424, "pmcid": "PMC7190506", "title": "Real-time forecasts and risk assessment of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases: A data-driven analysis.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Chakraborty, Tanujit", "Ghosh, Indrajit"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355424", "countries": ["Canada", "France", "Korea, Republic of", "India", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of international concern affecting 201 countries and territories around the globe. As of April 4, 2020, it has caused a pandemic outbreak with more than 11,16,643 confirmed infections and more than 59,170 reported deaths worldwide. The main focus of this paper is two-fold: (a) generating short term (real-time) forecasts of the future COVID-19 cases for multiple countries; (b) risk assessment (in terms of case fatality rate) of the novel COVID-19 for some profoundly affected countries by finding various important demographic characteristics of the countries along with some disease characteristics. To solve the first problem, we presented a hybrid approach based on autoregressive integrated moving average model and Wavelet-based forecasting model that can generate short-term (ten days ahead) forecasts of the number of daily confirmed cases for Canada, France, India, South Korea, and the UK. The predictions of the future outbreak for different countries will be useful for the effective allocation of health care resources and will act as an early-warning system for government policymakers. In the second problem, we applied an optimal regression tree algorithm to find essential causal variables that significantly affect the case fatality rates for different countries. This data-driven analysis will necessarily provide deep insights into the study of early risk assessments for 50 immensely affected countries."}, {"pmid": 32253375, "pmcid": "PMC7135971", "title": "Nutritional management in hospital setting during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a real-life experience.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Cintoni, Marco", "Rinninella, Emanuele", "Annetta, Maria Giuseppina", "Mele, Maria Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253375", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463591, "title": "COVID-19: opportunities for professional development and disruptive innovation.", "journal": "Clin Teach", "authors": ["McMaster, David", "Veremu, Munashe", "Santucci, Catherine"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463591", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458618, "title": "Hemato- Oncology Care in COVID-19 Pandemic: Crisis within a Crisis.", "journal": "Asian Pac J Cancer Prev", "authors": ["Seth, Tulika", "Shankar, Abhishek", "Roy, Shubham", "Saini, Deepak"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458618", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502830, "pmcid": "PMC7254004", "title": "Psychological and coping responses to COVID-19 amongst residents in training across ACGME-I accredited specialties in Singapore.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Chew, Qian Hui", "Chia, Faith Li-Ann", "Ng, Wee Khoon", "Lee, Wan Cheong Ivan", "Tan, Pei Lin Lynnette", "Wong, Chen Seong", "Puah, Ser Hon", "Shelat, Vishalkumar G", "Seah, Ee-Jin Darren", "Huey, Cheong Wei Terence", "Phua, Eng Joo", "Sim, Kang"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502830", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515253, "title": "Guidance on Acute Management of Atrial Fibrillation in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Rattanawong, Pattara", "Shen, Win", "El Masry, Hicham", "Sorajja, Dan", "Srivathsan, Komandoor", "Valverde, Arturo", "Scott, Luis R"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515253", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Atrial fibrillation is a common clinical manifestation in hospitalized coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Medications used to treat atrial fibrillation such as antiarrhythmic drugs and anticoagulants may have significant drug interactions with emerging COVID-19 treatments. Common unintended non-therapeutic target effects of COVID-19 treatment include IKr blockade, CYP450 isoenzyme inhibition or activation, and P-glycoprotein inhibition. Drug-drug interactions with antiarrhythmic drugs and anticoagulants in these patients may lead to significant bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, or severe bleeding. It is important for clinicians to be aware of these interactions, drug metabolism changes, and clinical consequences when choosing antiarrhythmic drugs and anticoagulants for COVID-19 patients with atrial fibrillation. The objective of this review is to provide a practical guide for clinicians who are managing COVID-19 patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation."}, {"pmid": 32481340, "title": "Therapeutic effect of high-flow nasal cannula on severe COVID-19 patients in a makeshift intensive-care unit: A case report.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Lu, Xiao", "Xu, Shanxiang"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481340", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several intensive-care units (ICUs) in Wuhan are nonstandard wards that were repurposed from general wards. Considering the shortage of medical resources and the need to prevent nosocomic infection, the respiratory-treatment strategy in these nonstandard ICUs is different from those in general wards and standard ICUs. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) plays an important role in nonstandard ICUs and is beneficial to the patients therein. In this study, we analyzed four cases of HFNC-treated patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a makeshift ICU and summarized our experience. Four patients diagnosed with COVID-19 according to World Health Organization (WHO) interim guidance were admitted to the makeshift ICU. All patients had oxygen treatment with HFNC, as well as regular treatment of antivirals and traditional Chinese medicine. Two patients survived after treatment, while the other two died from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and heart failure, respectively. Patients with severe and critical COVID-19 often have poor prognoses after mechanical ventilation, exhibiting corresponding complications such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and deep-vein thrombosis, which significantly prolongs length of stay in the ICU. HFNC could prevent intubation in some patients, thereby avoiding the above complications; however, this needs confirmation in further clinical studies. This treatment reduced difficulty and workloads for healthcare professionals, had good tolerability for patients, might not significantly increase the risk of infection for healthcare professionals, and do not require additional preventive measures against nosocomic infection. HFNC treatment has its advantages in providing oxygen therapy in COVID-19, but healthcare professionals should still pay close attention to changes in patients' oxygenation rates and respiratory frequency."}, {"pmid": 32468862, "title": "Licking the lungs, biting the brain: malignant MCA infarct in a patient with COVID 19 infection.", "journal": "Br J Neurosurg", "authors": ["De, Rimita", "Maity, Anupam", "Bhattacharya, Chandramouli", "Das, Sayan", "Krishnan, Prasad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468862", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32231328, "pmcid": "PMC7104419", "title": "Interaction between RAAS inhibitors and ACE2 in the context of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Cardiol", "authors": ["Mourad, Jean-Jacques", "Levy, Bernard I"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231328", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317411, "title": "Responding to COVID-19 pandemic: Why a strong health system is required.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Dikid, Tanzin", "Chaudhary, Sushma", "Goel, Kapil", "Padda, Preeti", "Sahu, Rajesh", "Kumar, Tripurari", "Jain, S K", "Singh, S K", "Narain, Jai Prakash"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317411", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385568, "pmcid": "PMC7205906", "title": "Surgery in times of COVID-19-recommendations for hospital and patient management.", "journal": "Langenbecks Arch Surg", "authors": ["Flemming, S", "Hankir, M", "Ernestus, R-I", "Seyfried, F", "Germer, C-T", "Meybohm, P", "Wurmb, T", "Vogel, U", "Wiegering, A"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385568", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has escalated rapidly to a global pandemic stretching healthcare systems worldwide to their limits. Surgeons have had to immediately react to this unprecedented clinical challenge by systematically repurposing surgical wards. To provide a detailed set of guidelines developed in a surgical ward at University Hospital Wuerzburg to safely accommodate the exponentially rising cases of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients without compromising the care of emergency surgery and oncological patients or jeopardizing the well-being of hospital staff. The dynamic prioritization of SARS-CoV-2 infected and surgical patient groups is key to preserving life while maintaining high surgical standards. Strictly segregating patient groups in emergency rooms, non-intensive care wards and operating areas prevents viral spread while adequately training and carefully selecting hospital staff allow them to confidently and successfully undertake their respective clinical duties."}, {"pmid": 32379350, "pmcid": "PMC7267327", "title": "Codon bias analysis may be insufficient for identifying host(s) of a novel virus.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Gong, Yuzhou", "Wen, Guannan", "Jiang, Jianping", "Xie, Feng"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379350", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447256, "pmcid": "PMC7235565", "title": "Community-acquired viral respiratory infections amongst hospitalized inpatients during a COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore: co-infection and clinical outcomes.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Wee, Liang En", "Ko, Kwan Ki Karrie", "Ho, Wan Qi", "Kwek, Grace Teck Cheng", "Tan, Thuan Tong", "Wijaya, Limin"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447256", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, co-circulation of other common respiratory viruses can potentially result in co-infections; however, reported rates of co-infections for SARS-CoV-2 vary. We sought to evaluate the prevalence and etiology of all community acquired viral respiratory infections requiring hospitalization during an ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, with a focus on co-infection rates and clinical outcomes. Over a 10-week period, all admissions to our institution, the largest tertiary hospital in Singapore, were screened for respiratory symptoms, and COVID-19 as well as a panel of common respiratory viral pathogens were systematically tested for. Information was collated on clinical outcomes, including requirement for mechanical ventilation and in hospital mortality. One-fifth (19.3%, 736/3807) of hospitalized inpatients with respiratory symptoms had a PCR-proven viral respiratory infection; of which 58.5% (431/736) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 42.2% (311/736) tested positive for other common respiratory viruses. The rate of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 was 1.4% (6/431); all patients with co-infection had mild disease and stayed in communal settings. The in-hospital mortality rate and proportion of COVID-19 patients requiring invasive ventilation was low, at around 1% of patients; these rates were lower than patients with other community-acquired respiratory viruses admitted over the same period (p < 0.01). Even amidst an ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, common respiratory viruses still accounted for a substantial proportion of hospitalizations. Coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 were rare, with no observed increase in morbidity or mortality."}, {"pmid": 32248966, "pmcid": "PMC7102656", "title": "The cardiovascular burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a focus on congenital heart disease.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Tan, Weiyi", "Aboulhosn, Jamil"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248966", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first described in a cluster of patients presenting with pneumonia symptoms in Wuhan, China, in December of 2019. Over the past few months, COVID-19 has developed into a worldwide pandemic, with over 400,000 documented cases globally as of March 24, 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is most likely of zoonotic origin, but has been shown to have effective human-to-human transmission. COVID-19 results in mild symptoms in the majority of infected patients, but can cause severe lung injury, cardiac injury, and death. Given the novel nature of COVID-19, no established treatment beyond supportive care exists currently, but extensive public-health measures to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 have been implemented globally to curb the spread of disease, reduce the burden on healthcare systems, and protect vulnerable populations, including the elderly and those with underlying medical comorbidities. Since this is an emerging infectious disease, there is, as of yet, limited data on the effects of this infection on patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly so for those with congenital heart disease. We summarize herewith the early experience with COVID-19 and consider the potential applicability to and implications for patients with cardiovascular disease in general and congenital heart disease in particular."}, {"pmid": 32406512, "pmcid": "PMC7239115", "title": "Angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers are not associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Chodick, Gabriel", "Nutman, Amir", "Yiekutiel, Naama", "Shalev, Varda"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406512", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a large Israeli dataset of 14\u2009520 individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers were not found to be associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 infection after adjusting for major confounders. Patients on these medications should not stop their medication prophylactically."}, {"pmid": 32372542, "title": "Re: From the frontlines of COVID-19-How prepared are we as obstetricians: A commentary.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Lal, Amos"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372542", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503828, "title": "Radiation Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from Beijing, China.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Wang, Weiping", "Liu, Xiaoliang", "Zhang, Fuquan", "Qiu, Jie", "Hu, K E"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503828", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a global pandemic. It is unclear to radiotherapy practitioners how to carry out radiotherapy during the epidemic. After the outbreak of COVID-19, our Institute established measures for the prevention and control of COVID-19, and continues to treat patients according to these measures. The Radiotherapy Department has been divided into a clean zone and a semi-contaminated zone, and corresponding personal protective equipment is used in these zones. The temperature of patients and their escorts, and history of fever are assessed daily. Special procedures are performed during radiotherapy setup and intracavitary brachytherapy. Over a period of 2 months, 655 patients were treated in the Department. Sixteen patients with fever were identified and no patient undergoing radiotherapy or medical staff have been infected with COVID-19. Our protective measures were found to be effective and can be used as a reference in places where COVID-19 situations are not markedly serious."}, {"pmid": 32524515, "title": "Perceived versus proven SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses in health-care professionals.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Behrens, Georg M N", "Cossmann, Anne", "Stankov, Metodi V", "Witte, Torsten", "Ernst, Diana", "Happle, Christine", "Jablonka, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524515", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There have been concerns about high rates of thus far undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infections in the health-care system. The COVID-19 Contact (CoCo) Study follows 217 frontline health-care professionals at a university hospital with weekly SARS-CoV-2-specific serology (IgA/IgG). Study participants estimated their personal likelihood of having had a SARS-CoV-2 infection with a mean of 21% [median 15%, interquartile range (IQR) 5-30%]. In contrast, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG prevalence was about 1-2% at baseline. Regular anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG testing of health-care professionals may aid in directing resources for protective measures and care of COVID-19 patients in the long run."}, {"pmid": 32463744, "title": "Why are more BAME people dying from COVID-19?", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Peate, Ian"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463744", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341581, "title": "Antibody testing will enhance the power and accuracy of COVID-19-prevention trials.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Lipsitch, Marc", "Kahn, Rebecca", "Mina, Michael J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341581", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509860, "pmcid": "PMC7254074", "title": "Suggestions for Radiation Oncologists during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Biomed Res Int", "authors": ["Franco, Pierfrancesco", "Kochbati, Lofti", "Siano, Marco", "De Bari, Berardino"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509860", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and COVID-19 diffusion have recently become an international public health emergency. Cancer patients, as a frail population, are particularly exposed to the risk related to infections. The clinical decision-making process and the organizational workflow of radiotherapy department should be revised in the light of the critical situation. We herein provide practical suggestions derived from the available literature and discussed during an online session held within the e-learning educational program of the European School of Oncology on March 31st 2020."}, {"pmid": 32452274, "title": "School Nurses: Living the Framework During COVID-19.", "journal": "NASN Sch Nurse", "authors": ["Combe, Laurie G"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452274", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412984, "title": "Well-Being During Coronavirus Disease 2019: A PICU Practical Perspective.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Donnelly, Peter D", "Davidson, Mark", "Dunlop, Neil", "McGale, Marie", "Milligan, Eileen", "Worrall, Mark", "Wylie, Joanne", "Kidson, Christopher"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412984", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The importance of promoting well-being for healthcare professionals has never been as important as during the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. It is recognized that the concept of well-being is a multifaceted phenomenon which is influenced by individual, team, and system characteristics. We outline an approach to practically initiating supportive strategies within the PICU using a well-being approach to improve baseline resilience alongside an acute rescue strategy utilizing a peer-support network. These strategies are practical interventions and we share them with the aim of encouraging the international PICU community to use these or other strategies to support their teams. We encourage shared learning and collaboration during these difficult times."}, {"pmid": 32457527, "title": "Belgium - concerns about coronavirus contact-tracing apps.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Vandamme, Anne-Mieke", "Nguyen, ToTran"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457527", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32134205, "pmcid": "PMC7168071", "title": "Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection: Different points from adults.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Xia, Wei", "Shao, Jianbo", "Guo, Yu", "Peng, Xuehua", "Li, Zhen", "Hu, Daoyu"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32134205", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss the different characteristics of clinical, laboratory, and chest computed tomography (CT) in pediatric patients from adults with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. The clinical, laboratory, and chest CT features of 20 pediatric inpatients with COVID-19 infection confirmed by pharyngeal swab COVID-19 nucleic acid test were retrospectively analyzed during 23 January and 8 February 2020. The clinical and laboratory information was obtained from inpatient records. All the patients were undergone chest CT in our hospital. Thirteen pediatric patients (13/20, 65%) had an identified history of close contact with COVID-19 diagnosed family members. Fever (12/20, 60%) and cough (13/20, 65%) were the most common symptoms. For laboratory findings, procalcitonin elevation (16/20, 80%) should be pay attention to, which is not common in adults. Coinfection (8/20, 40%) is common in pediatric patients. A total of 6 patients presented with unilateral pulmonary lesions (6/20, 30%), 10 with bilateral pulmonary lesions (10/20, 50%), and 4 cases showed no abnormality on chest CT (4/20, 20%). Consolidation with surrounding halo sign was observed in 10 patients (10/20, 50%), ground-glass opacities were observed in 12 patients (12/20, 60%), fine mesh shadow was observed in 4 patients (4/20, 20%), and tiny nodules were observed in 3 patients (3/20, 15%). Procalcitonin elevation and consolidation with surrounding halo signs were common in pediatric patients which were different from adults. It is suggested that underlying coinfection may be more common in pediatrics, and the consolidation with surrounding halo sign which is considered as a typical sign in pediatric patients."}, {"pmid": 32184130, "pmcid": "PMC7118655", "title": "Mapping the incidence of the COVID-19 hotspot in Iran - Implications for Travellers.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Arab-Mazar, Zahra", "Sah, Ranjit", "Rabaan, Ali A", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184130", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209598, "title": "COVID-19 Challenges Basic Researchers.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209598", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 continues to surge, cancer scientists engaged in basic research face unique challenges. At centers throughout the United States, investigators are confronting difficult decisions about which experiments to continue, while securing supplies and creating contingency plans for a complete shutdown."}, {"pmid": 32298134, "title": "Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With COVID-19: Implications From Clinical Features to Pathologic Findings.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Zhou, Xin", "Li, Yongle", "Yang, Qing"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298134", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490930, "title": "Lung transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Samano, Marcos N", "Pego-Fernandes, Paulo M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490930", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334847, "pmcid": "PMC7164841", "title": "Ocular manifestation as first sign of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Interest of telemedicine during the pandemic context.", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Daruich, A", "Martin, D", "Bremond-Gignac, D"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334847", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report here the case of a 27-year-old man who consulted by telemedicine during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to foreign body sensation and left eye redness. Examination revealed unilateral eyelid edema and moderate conjunctival hyperemia. A few hours later, the patient experienced intense headache and developed fever, cough and severe dyspnea. A nasopharyngeal swab proved positive for SARS-CoV-2. This case demonstrates that conjunctivitis can be the inaugural manifestation of the COVID-19 infection. It illustrates the interest of telemedicine in ophthalmology during the COVID-19 pandemic, since moderate conjunctival hyperemia can be the first sign of a severe respiratory distress."}, {"pmid": 32307954, "title": "[Principles in health policy during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak - major lessons from South East-Asia].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Zelter, Tamir", "Bader, Tarif", "Glassberg, Elon", "Twig, Gilad"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307954", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501304, "pmcid": "PMC7247500", "title": "Managing uncertainty during a global pandemic: An international business perspective.", "journal": "J Bus Res", "authors": ["Sharma, Piyush", "Leung, T Y", "Kingshott, Russel P J", "Davcik, Nebojsa S", "Cardinali, Silvio"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501304", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the perennial need to understand and manage uncertainty in international business, there is no comprehensive framework that incorporates different types of uncertainty, their antecedents and outcomes, and the different coping strategies used by managers and their outcomes. This makes it difficult for international business managers to understand the types of uncertainty in their businesses and develop appropriate strategies to deal with it effectively, especially during times such as the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. This paper uses an extensive review of the international business literature to address the above research gap by identifying the different types of uncertainty, their antecedents and outcomes, the coping strategies used to mitigate their impact, and the consequences of these actions. The authors also use examples from the current Covid-19 crisis to assess the firms' responses and their consequences. The paper concludes with some implications for international business managers and directions for future research."}, {"pmid": 32427163, "pmcid": "PMC7227553", "title": "CoViD-19 epidemic in\"Establishments for dependent elderly people\".", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427163", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483507, "pmcid": "PMC7255085", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Can Masquerade as Acute Postoperative Periprosthetic Joint Infection.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Kenanidis, Eustathios", "Kakoulidis, Panagiotis", "Anagnostis, Panagiotis", "Beletsiotis, Anastasios", "Tsiridis, Eleftherios"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483507", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fever etiology during the first postoperative days following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may be challenging to solve. Early periprosthetic joint infection is the main reason; however, other equally important causes must be excluded such as thrombosis, deep venous thrombosis, and chest or urinary tract infections. We report the case of a 70-year-old Caucasian female patient presented with high fever reaching 39\u00b0C, fatigue, and myalgia lasting for a week after a fully cemented primary TKA. Symptoms were falsely attributed to the surgical procedure, leading to erroneous early management and a complicated postoperative course. In the era of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARs-CoV-2) pandemic, a high index of suspicion for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms and viral chest infection must be raised, primarily in vulnerable patients."}, {"pmid": 32331255, "pmcid": "PMC7238035", "title": "Origin, Potential Therapeutic Targets and Treatment for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid", "Zamzami, Mazin A", "Choudhry, Hani", "Murtaza, Bibi Nazia", "Kazmi, Imran", "Ahmad, Habib", "Shakoori, Abdul Rauf"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331255", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing episode of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has imposed a serious threat to global health and the world economy. The disease has rapidly acquired a pandemic status affecting almost all populated areas of the planet. The causative agent of COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. The virus has an approximate 30 kb single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome, which is 74.5% to 99% identical to that of SARS-CoV, CoV-pangolin, and the coronavirus the from horseshoe bat. According to available information, SARS-CoV-2 is inferred to be a recombinant virus that originated from bats and was transmitted to humans, possibly using the pangolin as the intermediate host. The interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the human ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) receptor, and its subsequent cleavage by serine protease and fusion, are the main events in the pathophysiology. The serine protease inhibitors, spike protein-based vaccines, or ACE2 blockers may have therapeutic potential in the near future. At present, no vaccine is available against COVID-19. The disease is being treated with antiviral, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, herbal medicines, and active plasma antibodies. In this context, the present review article provides a cumulative account of the recent information regarding the viral characteristics, potential therapeutic targets, treatment options, and prospective research questions."}, {"pmid": 32507060, "title": "Not Only Virus Spread: The Diffusion of Ageism during the Outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Previtali, Federica", "Allen, Laura D", "Varlamova, Maria"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507060", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, we face an exacerbation of ageism as well as a flourish of intergenerational solidarity. The use of chronological age is an unjustified threshold for the creation of public policies to control the spreading of the virus; doing so reinforces intrapersonal and interpersonal negative age stereotypes and violates older persons' human rights to autonomy, proper care treatment, work, and equality. By overlooking differences within age groups, measures formulated solely on the basis of age are unable to target beneficiaries' needs. Concurrently, several initiatives are trying to overcome ageist practices by providing different types of assistance to older adults on the basis of need rather than chronological age. The Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Innovative Training Network EuroAgeism calls on policymakers to refrain from ageist practices and language, as they exacerbate our ability to meet the COVID-19 crisis and future emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32202489, "pmcid": "PMC7113321", "title": "Risk of COVID-19 importation to the Pacific islands through global air travel.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Craig, A T", "Heywood, A E", "Hall, J"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202489", "countries": ["France", "Guam", "Korea, Republic of", "Singapore", "Australia", "Palau", "China", "Japan", "Papua New Guinea", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Fiji"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 30 January 2020, WHO declared coronavirus (COVID-19) a global public health emergency. As of 12 March 2020, 125 048 confirmed COVID-19 cases in 118 countries had been reported. On 12 March 2020, the first case in the Pacific islands was reported in French Polynesia; no other Pacific island country or territory has reported cases. The purpose of our analysis is to show how travellers may introduce COVID-19 into the Pacific islands and discuss the role robust health systems play in protecting health and reducing transmission risk. We analyse travel and Global Health Security Index data using a scoring tool to produce quantitative estimates of COVID-19 importation risk, by departing and arriving country. Our analysis indicates that, as of 12 March 2020, the highest risk air routes by which COVID-19 may be imported into the Pacific islands are from east Asian countries (specifically, China, Korea and Japan) to north Pacific airports (likely Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands or, to a less extent, Palau); or from China, Japan, Singapore, the United States of America or France to south Pacific ports (likely, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, French Polynesia or New Caledonia). Other importation routes include from other east Asian countries to Guam, and from Australia, New Zealand and other European countries to the south Pacific. The tool provides a useful method for assessing COVID-19 importation risk and may be useful in other settings."}, {"pmid": 32460133, "pmcid": "PMC7217119", "title": "Considerations for interactions of drugs used for the treatment of COVID-19 with anti-cancer treatments.", "journal": "Crit Rev Oncol Hematol", "authors": ["Jafari, Anya", "Dadkhahfar, Sahar", "Perseh, Sahra"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460133", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV2 infection is an emerging issue worldwide. Cancer patient are at increased risk of infection compared to general population. On the other hand, these patients are at major risk of drug interactions caused by renal and hepatic impairment background. Because of the long-term use of chemotherapy drugs, drug interactions are important in these patients especially with SARS-CoV2 treatments now. This paper is review of reported drug interactions of current treatments for COVID-19 and anticancer agents."}, {"pmid": 32491268, "title": "Improvement of physical training by performance enhancing substances.", "journal": "Acta Physiol (Oxf)", "authors": ["Erdogan, Cem"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491268", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently the Covid-19 pandemic forces almost every country to take drastic measures in order to stop the spread of the virus. These include the avoidance of close contact to other humans, staying at home whenever possible and the closure of gyms or sport clubs. Now that people are more or less bound to their home, it is even more important to stay physically active. The occasional walks between sofa and fridge are not enough to keep your body in shape. But why is exercise so important and is there anything one can take to get the most out of every single training session?."}, {"pmid": 32139462, "pmcid": "PMC7098480", "title": "Epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Shaanxi, China by 8 February 2020.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Yao, Yang", "Tian, Yao", "Zhou, Jing", "Ma, Xuan", "Yang, Min", "Wang, ShengYu"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32139462", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418327, "title": "Ligand-centered assessment of SARS-CoV-2 drug target models in the Protein Data Bank.", "journal": "FEBS J", "authors": ["Wlodawer, Alexander", "Dauter, Zbigniew", "Shabalin, Ivan", "Gilski, Miroslaw", "Brzezinski, Dariusz", "Kowiel, Marcin", "Minor, Wladek", "Rupp, Bernhard", "Jaskolski, Mariusz"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418327", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A bright spot in the SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) coronavirus pandemic has been the immediate mobilization of the biomedical community, working to develop treatments and vaccines for COVID-19. Rational drug design against emerging threats depends on well-established methodology, mainly utilizing X-ray crystallography, to provide accurate structure models of the macromolecular drug targets and of their complexes with candidates for drug development. In the current crisis the structural biological community has responded by presenting structure models of CoV-2 proteins and depositing them in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), usually without time embargo and before publication. Since the structures from the first-line research are produced in an accelerated mode, there is an elevated chance of mistakes and errors, with the ultimate risk of hindering, rather than speeding-up, drug development. In the present work, we have used model-validation metrics and examined the electron density maps for the deposited models of CoV-2 proteins and a sample of related proteins available in the PDB as of 1 April 2020. We present these results with the aim of helping the biomedical community establish a better-validated pool of data. The proteins are divided into groups according to their structure and function. In most cases, no major corrections were necessary. However, in several cases significant revisions in the functionally sensitive area of protein-inhibitor complexes or for bound ions justified correction, re-refinement, and eventually re-versioning in the PDB. The re-refined coordinate files and a tool for facilitating model comparisons are available at https://covid-19.bioreproducibility.org."}, {"pmid": 32366505, "title": "Covid-19 and pregnancy.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366505", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Guideline: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection in pregnancyPublished by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), with input from the Royal College of Midwives, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPH), the Royal College of Anaesthetists, and the Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association.This summary is based on version 8 of the guideline, published on 17 April 2020 (https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/2020-04-17-coronavirus-covid-19-infection-in-pregnancy.pdf)."}, {"pmid": 32348205, "pmcid": "PMC7241539", "title": "COVID-19 and spinal cord injury professionals: Maintaining a scholarly perspective.", "journal": "J Spinal Cord Med", "authors": ["Thomas, Florian P", "Murphy, Carolann"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348205", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415918, "title": "Capability, opportunity, and motivation to enact hygienic practices in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United Kingdom.", "journal": "Br J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Gibson Miller, Jilly", "Hartman, Todd K", "Levita, Liat", "Martinez, Anton P", "Mason, Liam", "McBride, Orla", "McKay, Ryan", "Murphy, Jamie", "Shevlin, Mark", "Stocks, Thomas V A", "Bennett, Kate M", "Bentall, Richard P"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415918", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the greatest global health threats facing humanity in recent memory. This study aimed to explore influences on hygienic practices, a set of key transmission behaviours, in relation to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour change (Michie et al., 2011). Data from the first wave of a longitudinal survey study were used, launched in the early stages of the UK COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 2025 adults aged 18 and older, representative of the UK population, recruited by a survey company from a panel of research participants. Participants self-reported motivation, capability, and opportunity to enact hygienic practices during the COVID-19 outbreak. Using regression models, we found that all three COM-B components significantly predicted good hygienic practices, with motivation having the greatest influence on behaviour. Breaking this down further, the subscales psychological capability, social opportunity, and reflective motivation positively influenced behaviour. Reflective motivation was largely driving behaviour, with those highest in reflective motivation scoring 51% more on the measure of hygienic practices compared with those with the lowest scores. Our findings have clear implications for the design of behaviour change interventions to promote hygienic practices. Interventions should focus on increasing and maintaining motivation to act and include elements that promote and maintain social support and knowledge of COVID-19 transmission. Groups in particular need of targeting for interventions to increase hygienic practices are males and those living in cities and suburbs."}, {"pmid": 32392355, "title": "Debate Style Lecturing to Engage and Enrich Resident Education Virtually.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Durrani, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392355", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380033, "pmcid": "PMC7198172", "title": "Safe Reintroduction of Cardiovascular Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance from North American Society Leadership.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Wood, David A", "Mahmud, Ehtisham", "Thourani, Vinod H", "Sathananthan, Janarthanan", "Virani, Alice", "Poppas, Athena", "Harrington, Robert A", "Dearani, Joseph A", "Swaminathan, Madhav", "Russo, Andrea M", "Blankstein, Ron", "Dorbala, Sharmila", "Carr, James", "Virani, Sean", "Gin, Kenneth", "Packard, Alan", "Dilsizian, Vasken", "Legare, Jean-Francois", "Leipsic, Jonathon", "Webb, John G", "Krahn, Andrew D"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380033", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441005, "pmcid": "PMC7241069", "title": "Management of Graves' hyperthyroidism and orbitopathy in time of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Bartalena, L", "Chiovato, L", "Marcocci, C", "Vitti, P", "Piantanida, E", "Tanda, M L"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441005", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378464, "title": "Long-term conditions and severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Robinson, Patricia"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378464", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Observation of infection trends through the course of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has indicated that those with certain pre-existing chronic conditions, such as hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity, are particularly likely to develop severe infection and experience disastrous sequelae, including near-fatal pneumonia. This article aims to outline how SARS-CoV-2 affects people and to consider why individuals living with long-term conditions are at increased risk from infection caused by this virus. A summary of available clinical guidelines with recommendations is presented, to provide community nurses with the up-to-date information required for protecting individuals living with a number of long-term conditions. Additionally, special measures required are outlined, so that community nurses may reflect on how to best provide nursing care for individuals living with long-term conditions and understand protection measures for individuals at increased risk from severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32462744, "pmcid": "PMC7267140", "title": "Shortlisting SARS-CoV-2 Peptides for Targeted Studies from Experimental Data-Dependent Acquisition Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data.", "journal": "Proteomics", "authors": ["Gouveia, Duarte", "Grenga, Lucia", "Gaillard, Jean-Charles", "Gallais, Fabrice", "Bellanger, Laurent", "Pible, Olivier", "Armengaud, Jean"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462744", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a crucial tool for fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. This dataset brief presents the exploration of a shotgun proteomics dataset acquired on SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells. Proteins from inactivated virus samples were extracted, digested with trypsin, and the resulting peptides were identified by data-dependent acquisition tandem mass spectrometry. The 101 peptides reporting for six viral proteins were specifically analyzed in terms of their analytical characteristics, species specificity and conservation, and their proneness to structural modifications. Based on these results, a shortlist of 14 peptides from the N, S, and M main structural proteins that could be used for targeted mass-spectrometry method development and diagnostic of the new SARS-CoV-2 is proposed and the best candidates are commented. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32302278, "pmcid": "PMC7234686", "title": "The Appropriate Use of Testing for COVID-19.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Zitek, Tony"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302278", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many public officials are calling for increased testing for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and some governments have taken extraordinary measures to increase the availability of testing. However, little has been published about the sensitivity and specificity of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) nasopharyngeal swabs that are commonly used for testing. This narrative review evaluates the literature regarding the accuracy of these tests, and makes recommendations based on this literature. In brief, a negative RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab test is insufficient to rule out COVID-19. Thus, over-reliance on the results of the test may be dangerous, and the push for widespread testing may be overstated."}, {"pmid": 32524963, "title": "Perspectives on Battling COVID-19 in Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Andrus, Jon Kim", "Evans-Gilbert, Tracy", "Santos, Jose Ignacio", "Guzman, Maria G", "Rosenthal, Philip J", "Toscano, Cristiana", "Valenzuela, Maria Teresa", "Siqueira, Marilda", "Etienne, Carissa", "Breman, Joel G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524963", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Perspectives on Battling COVID-19 in Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean."}, {"pmid": 32470156, "title": "The Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Complicated by Pulmonary Embolism and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Ting", "Cheng, Guang-Shing", "Pipavath, Sudhakar", "Kicska, Gregory", "Liu, Liangjin", "Kinahan, Paul E", "Wu, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470156", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute respiratory distress syndrome and coagulopathy played an important role in morbidity and mortality of severe COVID-19 patients. A higher frequency of pulmonary embolism (PE) than expected in COVID-19 patients was recently reported. The presenting symptoms for PE were untypical including dyspnea, which is one of the major symptoms in severe COVID-19, especially in those patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We reported two COVID-19 cases with coexisting complications of PE and ARDS, aiming to consolidate the emerging knowledge of this global health emergency and raise the awareness that the hypoxemia or severe dyspnea in COVID-19 may be related to PE and not necessarily always due to the parenchymal disease."}, {"pmid": 32306864, "pmcid": "PMC7241531", "title": "Different longitudinal patterns of nucleic acid and serology testing results based on disease severity of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Yongchen, Zhang", "Shen, Han", "Wang, Xinning", "Shi, Xudong", "Li, Yang", "Yan, Jiawei", "Chen, Yuxin", "Gu, Bing"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306864", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective strategy to mitigate the ongoing pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) require a comprehensive understanding of humoral responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the emerging virus causing COVID-19. The dynamic profile of viral replication and shedding along with viral antigen specific antibody responses among COVID-19 patients started to be reported but there is no consensus on their patterns. Here, we conducted a serial investigation on 21 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 in two medical centres from Jiangsu Province, including 11 non-severe COVID-19 patients, and 5 severe COVID-19 patients and 5 asymptomatic carriers based on nucleic acid test and clinical symptoms. The longitudinal swab samples and sera were collected from these people for viral RNA testing and antibody responses, respectively. Our data revealed different pattern of seroconversion among these groups. All 11 non-severe COVID-19 patients and 5 severe COVID-19 patients were seroconverted during hospitalization or follow-up period, suggesting that serological testing is a complementary assay to nucleic acid test for those symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Of note, immediate antibody responses were identified among severe cases, compared to non-severe cases. On the other hand, only one were seroconverted for asymptomatic carriers. The SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses were well-maintained during the observation period. Such information is of immediate relevance and would assist COVID-19 clinical diagnosis, prognosis and vaccine design."}, {"pmid": 32383319, "pmcid": "PMC7267255", "title": "Challenges in the management of critical ill COVID-19 patients with pressure ulcer.", "journal": "Int Wound J", "authors": ["Tang, Jieying", "Li, Binbin", "Gong, Jiacheng", "Li, Weiwei", "Yang, Jianmin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383319", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489027, "title": "[Recent advances in treatment of viral pneumonia using Chinese patent medicine].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Tao", "Han, Li-Feng", "Wang, Yue-Fei", "Miao, Lin", "Yang, Jian", "Zhang, Jun-Hua", "Gao, Xiu-Mei", "Zhang, Bo-Li"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489027", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral pneumonia is caused by a spreading of lung infection caused by respiratory viruses. Some virus infections were found to be highly aggressive, leading to lung inflammation and severe damage in respiratory system with high fatality rate. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic drugs in the clinic. The common clinical symptoms of viral pneumonias include fever, rhinitis, runny nose, nonproductive cough, fatigue, myalgias and headaches after the immune system being tricked by driving cytokines and overactivated immune response induced by cytokine storms. Patients with severe symptoms could get persistent high fever, dysfunctional breathing, consciousness disorders and even respiratory failure, post-inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis, multi-organ damages, shock and so on. Most clinical treatments are used to inhibit virus replication, relieve symptoms, inhibit excessive inflammatory response, regulate immune balance and protect organs. Both applied and basic research demonstrate that Chinese patent medicine has certain anti-viral effects, effectively inhibiting viral pneumonia transiting from mild to severe, rapid relieving of patient symptoms because of their multi-component and multi-target integrated roles. This review has summarized the reports on the treatment of viral pneumonia. Based on the pathogenic characteristics of viral pneumonia, this paper summarizes the diverse roles of the marketed Chinese patent medicine, such as their effects in inhibiting the progress of viral replication and overactivated inflammatory response, regulating immune balance, attenuating pulmonary fibrosis and so forth. Our paper summarizes the advantages of Chinese patient medicine in the treatment of viral pneumonia, based on which improvements of clinical therapy are expected to be made soon."}, {"pmid": 32405331, "pmcid": "PMC7217784", "title": "Letter to the Editor \"Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Neurological Surgery Care and Education; Our Experience from Iran\".", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein", "Sisakht, Alireza Mohsenian", "Kiani, Danial", "Ahmadi, Sayedali"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405331", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353701, "pmcid": "PMC7151275", "title": "Facing COVID-19 in the hematopoietic cell transplant setting: A new challenge for transplantation physicians.", "journal": "Blood Cells Mol Dis", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Jindal, Vishal", "Siddiqui, Ahmad Daniyal", "Cerny, Jan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353701", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411921, "pmcid": "PMC7220174", "title": "Patterns of care for inflammatory bowel disease in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Chen, Yan", "Hu, Shurong", "Wu, Hao", "Farraye, Francis A", "Bernstein, Charles N", "Zheng, Jing-Jing", "Kiran, Ravi P", "Shen, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411921", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365466, "title": "The Human Coronavirus Disease COVID-19: Its Origin, Characteristics, and Insights into Potential Drugs and Its Mechanisms.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Alanagreh, Lo'ai", "Alzoughool, Foad", "Atoum, Manar"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365466", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging coronavirus disease (COVID-19) swept across the world, affecting more than 200 countries and territories. Genomic analysis suggests that the COVID-19 virus originated in bats and transmitted to humans through unknown intermediate hosts in the Wuhan seafood market, China, in December of 2019. This virus belongs to the Betacoronavirus group, the same group of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and for the similarity, it was named SARS-CoV-2. Given the lack of registered clinical therapies or vaccines, many physicians and scientists are investigating previously used clinical drugs for COVID-19 treatment. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the CoVs origin, pathogenicity, and genomic structure, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2. Besides, we summarize the recently investigated drugs that constitute an option for COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32391668, "title": "[Dynamic inflammatory response in a critically ill COVID-19 patient treated with corticosteroids].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Zhagn, Sheng", "Li, Danping", "Chen, Huazhong", "Zheng, Dan", "Zhou, Yiping", "Chen, Baoguo", "Shi, Weiwu", "Lin, Ronghai"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391668", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the effect of corticosteroids therapy on the inflammatory response in a critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient. A 55-year old female patient with critical ill COVID-19 was admitted in Taizhou Hospital on January 19, 2020. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone 80 mg on the 2nd day after admission. Thereafter, the dose was adjusted in a timely manner and the therapy lasted for 13 days. The peripheral lymphocyte subsets (CD3+T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, NK cells, B cells), as well as serum levels of lymphocyte factors (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3) were dynamically monitored. On D1 of admission, the numbers of peripheral blood CD3+ T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and NK cells were significantly lower than the normal range. With the improvement of the disease, the numbers of CD3+ T, CD8+ T and CD4 + T cells gradually recovered and showed a linear growth trend (linear fitting equation: Y=18.59X+109.4, P<0.05). On D2 of admission, the patient's IL-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly higher than normal values, IFN-\u03b3 was at a normal high value, and then rapidly decreased; IL-2, IL-4, and TNF-\u03b1 were all in the normal range. On the D6 and D7, the IL-6 and IL-10 decreased to the normal range for the first time. On the D18, the sputum virus nucleic acid test was negative for the first time, and the fecal virus nucleic acid test was still positive; on the D20 the sputum and fecal virus nucleic acid test were both negative. On D34, the patient recovered and was discharged. At the discharge the muscle strength score of the patient was 44 and the daily life ability evaluation was 90. In the absence of effective antiviral drugs, early use of appropriate doses of corticosteroids in critically ill patient with COVID-19 can quickly alleviate inflammatory response and improve clinical symptoms, however, it may reduce the number of T cells, and to adjust the dose in time is necessary."}, {"pmid": 32463764, "title": "Oncology Care Delivery in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Opportunity to Study Innovations and Outcomes.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Cinar, Pelin", "Cox, John", "Kamal, Arif", "Bickel, Kathleen", "Krzyzanowska, Monika", "Armitage, James", "Ganti, Apar Kishor", "Ward, Jeffery", "Wong, Sandra", "Lonial, Sagar", "Bosserman, Linda"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468742, "title": "Reply: Vitamin C as a Possible Therapy for COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Kim, Sun Bean", "Yeom, Joon Sup"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468742", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321005, "title": "[The increase in domestic violence during the social isolation: what does it reveals?]", "journal": "Rev Bras Epidemiol", "authors": ["Vieira, Pamela Rocha", "Garcia, Leila Posenato", "Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321005", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic brings out, in a empowered way, some worrying indicators about domestic violence and family violence against women. Organizations addressing domestic violence have already seen an increase in domestic violence due to forced coexistence, economic stress and fears about the Coronavirus. The article seeks to establish some relations between social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in violence against women, taking into account the context of a patriarchal society. Data, still incipient, published by the press of several countries were analyzed, as well as reports from international organizations and organizations focused on combating domestic violence. In parallel, a brief literature review with authors who discuss the social role of women in society."}, {"pmid": 32278300, "pmcid": "PMC7194575", "title": "Challenges of SARS-CoV-2 and lessons learnt from SARS in Guangdong Province, China.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Junguo", "Lin, Guanwen", "Zeng, Jie", "Lin, Jianguo", "Tian, Junzhang", "Li, Guowei"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278300", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With lessons learnt from the SARS outbreak in 2003, Guangdong Province is taking the lead in bringing COVID-19 under control by multiple strict regulations in combination with effective healthcare provision."}, {"pmid": 32223871, "pmcid": "PMC7234708", "title": "Preliminary Results of Initial Testing for Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the Emergency Department.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Tolia, Vaishal M", "Chan, Theodore C", "Castillo, Edward M"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223871", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 10, 2020, the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic due to widespread infection of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). We report the preliminary results of a targeted program of COVID-19 infection testing in the ED in the first 10 days of its initiation at our institution. We conducted a review of prospectively collected data on all ED patients who had targeted testing for acute COVID-19 infection at two EDs during the initial 10 days of testing (March 10-19, 2020). During this initial period with limited resources, testing was targeted toward high-risk patients per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Data collected from patients who were tested included demographics, clinical characteristics, and test qualifying criteria. We present the data overall and by test results with descriptive statistics. During the 10-day study period, the combined census of the study EDs was 2157 patient encounters. A total of 283 tests were ordered in the ED. The majority of patients were 18-64 years of age, male, non-Hispanic white, had an Emergency Severity Index score of three, did not have a fever, and were discharged from the ED. A total of 29 (10.2%) tested positive. Symptoms-based criteria most associated with COVID-19 were the most common criteria identified for testing (90.6%). All other criteria were reported in 5.51-43.0% of persons being tested. Having contact with a person under investigation was significantly more common in those who tested positive compared to those who tested negative (63% vs 24.5%, respectively). The majority of patients in both results groups had at least two qualifying criteria for testing (75.2%). In this review of prospectively collected data on all ED patients who had targeted testing for acute COVID-19 infection at two EDs in the first 10 days of testing, we found that 10.2% of those tested were identified as positive. The continued monitoring of testing and results will help providers understand how COVID-19 is progressing in the community."}, {"pmid": 32500580, "title": "Schamberg-like purpuric eruptions and tonsillitis in mild COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Wollina, Uwe"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500580", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496243, "title": "Air pollution and COVID-19: Is the connect worth its weight?", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Sharma, Arun Kumar", "Balyan, Palak"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496243", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Primary route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among humans is droplets and direct contact. Airborne transmission of this virus is not established conclusively and so is the role of airborne particulate matter. This commentary examines the existing evidence about the role of particulate matter pollutants in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. PM2.5and other small particulate matter have been shown to carry viable virus particles in the air and incriminated in spread of measles and SARS coronavirus. Empirical evidence has been provided regarding role of air pollution in accelerated transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy as well as Wuhan. Lockdown-related reduction in PM2.5levels in ambient air may have contributed to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. High PM2.5levels in the past might have added to SARS-CoV-2 related mortality due to air pollution relate comorbidities. Post-lockdown increase in PM2.5levels may accelerate covid-19 transmission and can add to the burden of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32496583, "title": "Chilblain-like lesions during the COVID-19 pandemic: should we really worry?", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Piccolo, Vincenzo", "Neri, Iria", "Manunza, Francesca", "Mazzatenta, Carlo", "Bassi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496583", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511718, "title": "Electronic Health Record Documentation of Psychiatric Assessments in Massachusetts Emergency Department and Outpatient Settings During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Castro, Victor M", "Perlis, Roy H"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511718", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407490, "pmcid": "PMC7239159", "title": "Strengthening Health Systems and Improving the Capacity of Pediatric Care Centers to Respond to Epidemics Such as COVID-19 in Resource-limited Settings.", "journal": "J Trop Pediatr", "authors": ["Collins, Elizabeth Montgomery", "Tam, Pui-Ying Iroh", "Trehan, Indi", "Cartledge, Peter", "Bose, Anuradha", "Lanaspa, Miguel", "Kidd, Paul", "Bassat, Quique"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409911, "pmcid": "PMC7225011", "title": "Time-sensitive ambulatory orthopaedic soft-tissue surgery paradigms during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Ding, Benjamin Tze Keong", "Decruz, Joshua", "Kunnasegaran, Remesh"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Timing of surgery for orthopaedic injuries continues to evolve, as an improved understanding of biology, healing, and technological advances continues to challenge historical norms. With the growing COVID-19 pandemic stretching limited healthcare resources, postponing surgery becomes an inevitable and unenviable task for most orthopaedic surgeons, and a shift in outpatient paradigms is required to mitigate poor outcomes in patients. A scoping review of five databases on surgical timing and orthopaedic soft-tissue injuries was performed. All randomized controlled trials, longitudinal cohort studies, retrospective case series, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and expert opinions were included for review, with 65 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Better outcomes appear to be associated with early surgery for subluxations (< 1 week), recurrent dislocations (> 2 episodes), ligamentous and tendinous injuries (< 2 weeks), and bony avulsion injuries (< 3 weeks). Spinal conditions with neurological compromise should be operated on within 24 hours and spinal instability within 72 hours to reduce the risk of complications and poor outcomes. Most soft-tissue orthopaedic injuries can be managed with outpatient ambulatory surgery in a semi-elective setting. As the paradigm for outpatient surgery shifts due to technological advances and the COVID-19 pandemic, it is critical for surgeons to time their surgery appropriately to maintain the high standards of orthopaedic practice."}, {"pmid": 32514471, "pmcid": "PMC7260552", "title": "COVID-19 screening on a tuberculosis ward in Manila, the Philippines.", "journal": "J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis", "authors": ["Sayo, Ana Ria", "Balinas, Ellen Grace M", "Verona, Jeffrey A", "Villanueva, Annavi Marie G", "Han, Su Myat", "Suzuki, Jack", "Ariyoshi, Koya", "Smith, Chris", "Solante, Rontgene M"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514471", "countries": ["Philippines"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423833, "pmcid": "PMC7177078", "title": "Oncology Nursing During a Pandemic: Critical Reflections in the Context of COVID-19.", "journal": "Semin Oncol Nurs", "authors": ["Paterson, Catherine", "Gobel, Barbara", "Gosselin, Tracy", "Haylock, Pamela J", "Papadopoulou, Constantina", "Slusser, Kim", "Rodriguez, Anna", "Pituskin, Edith"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423833", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide a critical reflection of COVID-19 in the context of oncology nursing and provide recommendations for caring for people affected by cancer during this pandemic. Electronic databases, including CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Scopus, professional web sites, and grey literature were searched using Google Scholar. Nurses are key stakeholders in developing and implementing policies regarding standards of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. This pandemic poses several challenges for oncology services. Oncology nurses are providing a pivotal role in the care and management of the novel COVID-19 in the year landmarked as the International Year of the Nurse. It is too early to tell what shape this pandemic will take and its impact on oncology care. However, several important clinical considerations have been discussed to inform oncology nursing care and practice."}, {"pmid": 32247204, "pmcid": "PMC7138158", "title": "The impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on head and neck cancer patients' care.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["De Felice, Francesca", "Polimeni, Antonella", "Tombolini, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490013, "pmcid": "PMC7134243", "title": "COVID-19 and Ophthalmology: A New Chapter in an Old Story.", "journal": "Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Reviglio, Victor Eduardo", "Osaba, Matias", "Reviglio, Virginia", "Chiaradia, Pablo", "Kuo, Irene C", "O'Brien, Terrence P"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490013", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520741, "title": "Surprise Billing in Surgical Care Episodes - Overview, Ethical Concerns, and Policy Solutions in Light of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Sheckter, Clifford C", "Singh, Puneet", "Angelos, Peter", "Ii, Anaeze C Offodile"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520741", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310677, "title": "What we can learn from COVID-19 outbreak in Iran about the importance of alcohol use education.", "journal": "Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse", "authors": ["Shalbafan, Mohammadreza", "Khademoreza, Noushin"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310677", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303924, "pmcid": "PMC7165077", "title": "Research in the Time of Coronavirus: Continuing Ongoing Studies in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Saberi, Parya"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303924", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356252, "pmcid": "PMC7192319", "title": "COVID-19: Therapeutics and Their Toxicities.", "journal": "J Med Toxicol", "authors": ["Chary, Michael A", "Barbuto, Alexander F", "Izadmehr, Sudeh", "Hayes, Bryan D", "Burns, Michele M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356252", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that emerged in 2019 and is causing the COVID-19 pandemic. There is no current standard of care. Clinicians need to be mindful of the toxicity of a wide variety of possibly unfamiliar substances being tested or repurposed to treat COVID-19. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has provided emergency authorization for the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. These two medications may precipitate ventricular dysrhythmias, necessitating cardiac and electrolyte monitoring, and in severe cases, treatment with epinephrine and high-doses of diazepam. Recombinant protein therapeutics may cause serum sickness or immune complex deposition. Nucleic acid vaccines may introduce mutations into the human genome. ACE inhibitors and ibuprofen have been suggested to exacerbate the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Here, we review the use, mechanism of action, and toxicity of proposed COVID-19 therapeutics."}, {"pmid": 32315599, "pmcid": "PMC7151526", "title": "Academic Radiology Departmental Operational Strategy Related to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Prabhakar, Anand M", "Glover, McKinley 4th", "Schaefer, Pamela W", "Brink, James A"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315599", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215622, "pmcid": "PMC7184405", "title": "Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in golden Syrian hamster model: implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Zhang, Anna Jinxia", "Yuan, Shuofeng", "Poon, Vincent Kwok-Man", "Chan, Chris Chung-Sing", "Lee, Andrew Chak-Yiu", "Chan, Wan-Mui", "Fan, Zhimeng", "Tsoi, Hoi-Wah", "Wen, Lei", "Liang, Ronghui", "Cao, Jianli", "Chen, Yanxia", "Tang, Kaiming", "Luo, Cuiting", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Kok, Kin-Hang", "Chu, Hin", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Sridhar, Siddharth", "Chen, Zhiwei", "Chen, Honglin", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215622", "countries": ["Syrian Arab Republic"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A physiological small animal model that resembles COVID-19 with low mortality is lacking. Molecular docking on the binding between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of common laboratory mammals and the receptor-binding domain of the surface spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 suggested that the golden Syrian hamster is an option. Virus challenge, contact transmission, and passive immunoprophylaxis were performed. Serial organ tissues and blood were harvested for histopathology, viral load and titre, chemokine/cytokine assay, and neutralising antibody titre. The Syrian hamster could be consistently infected by SARS-CoV-2. Maximal clinical signs of rapid breathing, weight loss, histopathological changes from the initial exudative phase of diffuse alveolar damage with extensive apoptosis to the later proliferative phase of tissue repair, airway and intestinal involvement with virus nucleocapsid protein expression, high lung viral load, and spleen and lymphoid atrophy associated with marked cytokine activation were observed within the first week of virus challenge. The lung virus titre was between 105-107 TCID50/g. Challenged index hamsters consistently infected na\u00efve contact hamsters housed within the same cage, resulting in similar pathology but not weight loss. All infected hamsters recovered and developed mean serum neutralising antibody titre \u22651:427 fourteen days post-challenge. Immunoprophylaxis with early convalescent serum achieved significant decrease in lung viral load but not in lung pathology. No consistent non-synonymous adaptive mutation of the spike was found in viruses isolated from infected hamsters. Besides satisfying the Koch's postulates, this readily available hamster model is an important tool for studying transmission, pathogenesis, treatment, and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32457232, "title": "The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Response to COVID-19: a Micro-Comic Strip.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["McAdam, Alexander J"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457232", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246838, "title": "Hospital surge capacity in a tertiary emergency referral centre during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Carenzo, L", "Costantini, E", "Greco, M", "Barra, F L", "Rendiniello, V", "Mainetti, M", "Bui, R", "Zanella, A", "Grasselli, G", "Lagioia, M", "Protti, A", "Cecconi, M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246838", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first person-to-person transmission of the 2019 novel coronavirus in Italy on 21 February 2020 led to an infection chain that represents one of the largest known COVID-19 outbreaks outside Asia. In northern Italy in particular, we rapidly experienced a critical care crisis due to a shortage of intensive care beds, as we expected according to data reported in China. Based on our experience of managing this surge, we produced this review to support other healthcare services in preparedness and training of hospitals during the current coronavirus outbreak. We had a dedicated task force that identified a response plan, which included: (1) establishment of dedicated, cohorted intensive care units for COVID-19-positive patients; (2) design of appropriate procedures for pre-triage, diagnosis and isolation of suspected and confirmed cases; and (3) training of all staff to work in the dedicated intensive care unit, in personal protective equipment usage and patient management. Hospital multidisciplinary and departmental collaboration was needed to work on all principles of surge capacity, including: space definition; supplies provision; staff recruitment; and ad hoc training. Dedicated protocols were applied where full isolation of spaces, staff and patients was implemented. Opening the unit and the whole hospital emergency process required the multidisciplinary, multi-level involvement of healthcare providers and hospital managers all working towards a common goal: patient care and hospital safety. Hospitals should be prepared to face severe disruptions to their routine and it is very likely that protocols and procedures might require re-discussion and updating on a daily basis."}, {"pmid": 32407796, "pmcid": "PMC7214301", "title": "Philanthropy and humanity in the face of a pandemic-A letter to the editor on \"World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)\" (Int J surg 2020; 76:71-6).", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Liu, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407796", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402680, "pmcid": "PMC7252017", "title": "COVID-19 in lung-transplanted and cystic fibrosis patients: Be careful.", "journal": "J Cyst Fibros", "authors": ["Farfour, Eric", "Picard, Clement", "Beaumont, Laurence", "Lesprit, Philippe", "Ballester, Marie-Christine", "Ackermann, Felix", "Galliot, Richard", "Colin de Verdiere, Sylvie", "Cerf, Charles", "Vasse, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402680", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276778, "pmcid": "PMC7141547", "title": "Caring for the carers: Ensuring the provision of quality maternity care during a global pandemic.", "journal": "Women Birth", "authors": ["Wilson, Alyce N", "Ravaldi, Claudia", "Scoullar, Michelle J L", "Vogel, Joshua P", "Szabo, Rebecca A", "Fisher, Jane R W", "Homer, Caroline S E"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276778", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting health systems worldwide. Maternity care providers must continue their core business in caring and supporting women, newborns and their families whilst also adapting to a rapidly changing health system environment. This article provides an overview of important considerations for supporting the emotional, mental and physical health needs of maternity care providers in the context of the unprecedented crisis that COVID-19 presents. Cooperation, planning ahead and adequate availability of PPE is critical. Thinking about the needs of maternity providers to prevent stress and burnout is essential. Emotional and psychological support needs to be available throughout the response. Prioritising food, rest and exercise are important. Healthcare workers are every country's most valuable resource and maternity providers need to be supported to provide the best quality care they can to women and newborns in exceptionally trying circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32497706, "pmcid": "PMC7262529", "title": "Dermatopathology Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Virtual Simulation of the Multi-Headed Microscope.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Kim, Randie H", "Brinster, Nooshin K", "Meehan, Shane A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497706", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332048, "title": "How COVID-19 Has Changed the Management of Glomerular Diseases.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Bomback, Andrew S", "Canetta, Pietro A", "Ahn, Wooin", "Ahmad, Syeda B", "Radhakrishnan, Jai", "Appel, Gerald B"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332048", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385829, "pmcid": "PMC7207985", "title": "COVID-19 and off label use of drugs: an ethical viewpoint.", "journal": "Daru", "authors": ["Shojaei, Amirahmad", "Salari, Pooneh"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385829", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is rapidly spread over the world and kills infected patients. There is no proven medication for its treatment, so, all of the medications used for treatment are considered to be off-label. Off-label uses are not under regulation in the outbreak because there is no specific regulation for this condition. In this short communication we aim at describing two ways of off-label use as clinical practice or investigational use. Further, we will describe the third way of off-label use, we named it pseudo-research and then we will state the most possible ethical challenges of off-label use for better perceptions and responsibility. The WHO considers off-label uses as country-specific. All international regulatory bodies consider off-label prescription as the physician's responsibility and legal by necessitating some requirements. There is no international guideline for regulating investigational off-label uses as clinical practice. There are different types of approaches, none of them is comprehensive and conclusive. Furthermore, respecting the four ethical principles necessitates codification and strict regulation of off-label uses either as clinical practice or investigational. Besides, compilation of a special guideline based on ethical principles especially non-maleficence and autonomy for investigational off-label uses in disasters is highly recommended."}, {"pmid": 32425007, "pmcid": "PMC7205600", "title": "Can SARS-CoV-2-infected women breastfeed after viral clearance?", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Lang, Guan-Jing", "Zhao, Hong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425007", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recently emerged novel coronavirus pneumonia, named the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), shares several clinical characteristics with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and spread rapidly throughout China in December of 2019 (Huang et al., 2020). The pathogen 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is now named SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is highly infectious. As of Apr. 9, 2020, over 80 000 confirmed cases had been reported, with an estimated mortality rate of 4.0% (Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). Person-to-person transmission and familial clustering have been reported (Chan et al., 2020; Nishiura et al., 2020; Phan et al., 2020). However, there is no evidence of fetal intrauterine infection in pregnant women who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 in their third trimester (Chen et al., 2020). It is unclear whether breastfeeding transmits the virus from previously infected and recovered mothers to their babies. Here we report the clinical course of a pregnant woman with COVID-19. In order to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted to newborns through breastfeeding, we measured viral RNA in the patient's breastmilk samples at different time points after delivery."}, {"pmid": 32501576, "title": "Ancillary considerations for endodontic emergency treatment of Covid-19 positive patients.", "journal": "Spec Care Dentist", "authors": ["Umer, Fahad"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501576", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401373, "pmcid": "PMC7272980", "title": "Protecting dental manpower from COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Warnakulasuriya, Saman"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401373", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298249, "title": "Transmission of COVID-19 to Health Care Personnel During Exposures to a Hospitalized Patient - Solano County, California, February 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Heinzerling, Amy", "Stuckey, Matthew J", "Scheuer, Tara", "Xu, Kerui", "Perkins, Kiran M", "Resseger, Heather", "Magill, Shelley", "Verani, Jennifer R", "Jain, Seema", "Acosta, Meileen", "Epson, Erin"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298249", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On February 26, 2020, the first U.S. case of community-acquired coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was confirmed in a patient hospitalized in Solano County, California (1). The patient was initially evaluated at hospital A on February 15; at that time, COVID-19 was not suspected, as the patient denied travel or contact with symptomatic persons. During a 4-day hospitalization, the patient was managed with standard precautions and underwent multiple aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), including nebulizer treatments, bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation, endotracheal intubation, and bronchoscopy. Several days after the patient's transfer to hospital B, a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2 returned positive. Among 121 hospital A health care personnel (HCP) who were exposed to the patient, 43 (35.5%) developed symptoms during the 14 days after exposure and were tested for SARS-CoV-2; three had positive test results and were among the first known cases of probable occupational transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to HCP in the United States. Little is known about specific risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in health care settings. To better characterize and compare exposures among HCP who did and did not develop COVID-19, standardized interviews were conducted with 37 hospital A HCP who were tested for SARS-CoV-2, including the three who had positive test results. Performing physical examinations and exposure to the patient during nebulizer treatments were more common among HCP with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 than among those without COVID-19; HCP with COVID-19 also had exposures of longer duration to the patient. Because transmission-based precautions were not in use, no HCP wore personal protective equipment (PPE) recommended for COVID-19 patient care during contact with the index patient. Health care facilities should emphasize early recognition and isolation of patients with possible COVID-19 and use of recommended PPE to minimize unprotected, high-risk HCP exposures and protect the health care workforce."}, {"pmid": 32323070, "pmcid": "PMC7175815", "title": "Correction to: Ultra-high-resolution computed tomography can demonstrate alveolar collapse in novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Iwasawa, Tae", "Sato, Midori", "Yamaya, Takafumi", "Sato, Yozo", "Uchida, Yoshinori", "Kitamura, Hideya", "Hagiwara, Eri", "Komatsu, Shigeru", "Utsunomiya, Daisuke", "Ogura, Takashi"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323070", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The correct caption is given below."}, {"pmid": 32490845, "title": "Using Internet-based psychological measurement to capture the deteriorating community mental health profile during COVID-19: An observational study.", "journal": "JMIR Ment Health", "authors": ["van Agteren, Joep", "Bartholomaeus, Jonathan", "Fassnacht, Dan", "Iasiello, Matthew", "Ali, Kathina", "Lo, Laura", "Kyrios, Mike"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490845", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is expected to have widespread and pervasive implications for mental health in terms of deteriorating outcomes and increased health service use, leading to calls for empirical research on mental health during the pandemic. Internet-based psychological measurement can play an important role in collecting imperative data, assisting to guide evidence-based decision making in practice and policy, and subsequently facilitating immediate reporting of measurement results to participants. The aim of this study is to use an internet-based mental health measurement platform to compare the mental health profile of community members during COVID-19 with community members assessed before the pandemic. This study uses an internet-based self-assessment tool to collect data on psychological distress, mental well-being, and resilience in community cohorts during (n=673) and prior to the pandemic (two cohorts, n=1264 and n=340). Our findings demonstrate significantly worse outcomes on all mental health measures for participants measured during COVID-19 compared to those measured before (P<.001 for all outcomes, effect sizes ranging between Cohen d=0.32 to Cohen d=0.81. Participants who demonstrated problematic scores for at least one of the mental health outcomes increased from 58% (n=197/340) before COVID-19 to 79% (n=532/673) during COVID-19, leading to only 21% (n=141) of measured participants displaying good mental health during the pandemic. The results clearly demonstrate deterioration in mental health outcomes during COVID-19. Although further research is needed, our findings support the serious mental health implications of the pandemic and highlight the utility of internet-based data collection tools in providing evidence to innovate and strengthen practice and policy during and after the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32472516, "pmcid": "PMC7256922", "title": "Brainstem involvement and respiratory failure in COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Manganelli, Fiore", "Vargas, Maria", "Iovino, Aniello", "Iacovazzo, Carmine", "Santoro, Lucio", "Servillo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472516", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory failure is the most worrisome problem of COVID-19. Patients may develop severe pneumonia requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and a significant proportion of them dies. It has been suggested that brainstem might play a role in severe respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. We described three COVID-19 patients in ICU at Federico II Hospital in Naples that, although had recovered from pneumonia, could not be weaned from invasive mechanical ventilation. Our clinical evaluation was consistent with an involvement of the brainstem and especially of respiratory centre thus possibly explaining the weaning failure in patients that were awake and had recovered from lung involvement. Our data, though limited, indicate that brainstem involvement may play a role in respiratory failure and perhaps in the high death rate of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, the weaning failure from mechanical ventilation due to central respiratory drive depression might underlie the unusual long stay in ICU reported for COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32496232, "title": "Health systems preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Sundararaman, T"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496232", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some nations in the world and some states in India have had more success in containing this pandemic. Recent efforts in strengthening the health sector have focused largely on reforms in modes of financing, but as the pandemic brings home to us, the main challenge in India remains the challenge of the organization of public services using a health systems understanding. A close to community comprehensive primary health care, quality assurance, and planned excess capacity in public health systems, a more robust disease surveillance systems that can integrate data on new outbreaks and the indigenous technological capacity to scale up innovation and manufacture of essential health commodities are some of our most important requirements for both epidemic preparedness and response."}, {"pmid": 32493788, "title": "Pre-Procedural Surveillance Testing for SARS-CoV-2 in an Asymptomatic Population in the Seattle Region Shows Low Rates of Positivity.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Mays, James A", "Greninger, Alexander L", "Jerome, Keith R", "Lynch, John B", "Mathias, Patrick C"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493788", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Seattle region hospitals have been impacted for several months by community spread of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19).\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32336804, "pmcid": "PMC7174814", "title": "[An Economic Policy Exit Strategy from the Corona Lockdown].", "journal": "Wirtschaftsdienst", "authors": ["Huther, Michael", "Bardt, Hubertus"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336804", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The fight against the coronavirus pandemic has led to an insulation of social and economic life and will have considerable economic consequences. Important areas of the industry and service sectors were partially or completely shutdown. A resumption of activity should happen as soon as possible, once the medical pre-conditions have been established and are met. This requires a clear exit strategy and following several steps to return to previous welfare and growth data levels. After securing survival during this crisis via various liquidity lines and bridging loans, the economy's restart requires the relaunch of public infrastructure, especially of schools and kindergartens. To facilitate a coordinated and synchronised restart of complex industrial value chains, we need clear signals on a planned schedule. A tax policy driven departure signal and a demand side focused growth programme could make an important contribution to a new economic dynamic after the crisis."}, {"pmid": 32356654, "pmcid": "PMC7197973", "title": "Considering the Effects of Microbiome and Diet on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Nanotechnology Roles.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Kalantar-Zadeh, Kourosh", "Ward, Stephanie A", "Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar", "El-Omar, Emad M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356654", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of dietary patterns and the commensal microbiome on susceptibility to and severity of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has been largely ignored to date. In this Perspective, we present a rationale for an urgent need to investigate this possible impact and therapeutic options for COVID-19 based on dietary and microbiome modifications. The mitigating role of nanotechnology with relation to the impact of SARS-CoV-2 virus is highlighted."}, {"pmid": 32364565, "title": "COVID-19 and the Financial Health of US Hospitals.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Khullar, Dhruv", "Bond, Amelia M", "Schpero, William L"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364565", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531120, "title": "Histological findings in chilblain-lupus like COVID lesions: in search of an answer to understand their etiology.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Villa Lario, A", "Vega-Diez, D", "Gonzalez-Canete, M", "Gomez-Zubiaur, A", "Perez-Mesonero, R", "Bandini, M", "Polo-Rodriguez, I", "Velez-Velazquez, D", "Trasobares-Marugan, L"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531120", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with great interest the article by Piccolo et al1 . describing chilblain-like lesions (CLL) on feet and hands during the COVID-19 Pandemic. They mention the rate of association to autoimmune conditions was very low, which led the to exclude a note autoimmune disorder as main cause of CLL. Here, we hypothesize the possible relationship between the development of these lesions and immune-chained phenomena following viral infection in a certain group of patients."}, {"pmid": 32178954, "pmcid": "PMC7102598", "title": "Anesthetic Management of Patients with COVID 19 Infections during Emergency Procedures.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Zhao, Shuai", "Ling, Ken", "Yan, Hong", "Zhong, Liang", "Peng, Xiaohong", "Yao, Shanglong", "Huang, Jiapeng", "Chen, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178954", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the present study was to prevent cross-infection in the operating room during emergency procedures for patients with confirmed or suspected 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by following anesthesia management protocols, and to document clinical- and anesthesia-related characteristics of these patients. This was a retrospective, multicenter clinical study. This study used a multicenter dataset from 4 hospitals in Wuhan, China. Patients and health care providers with confirmed or suspected 2019-nCoV from January 23 to 31, 2020, at the Wuhan Union Hospital, the Wuhan Children's Hospital, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, and the Wuhan Fourth Hospital in Wuhan, China. Anesthetic management and infection control guidelines for emergency procedures for patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were drafted and applied in 4 hospitals in Wuhan. Cross-infection in the operating rooms of the 4 hospitals was effectively reduced by implementing the new measures and procedures. The majority of patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection or suspected infection were female (23 [62%] of 37), and the mean age was 41.0 years old (standard deviation 19.6; range 4-78). 10 (27%) patients had chronic medical illnesses, including 4 (11%) with diabetes, 8 (22%) with hypertension, and 8 (22%) with digestive system disease. Twenty-five (68%) patients presented with lymphopenia, and 23 (62%) patients exhibited multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity on computed tomography scanning. The present study indicates that COVID 19-specific guidelines for emergency procedures for patients with confirmed or suspected 2019-nCoV may effectively prevent cross-infection in the operating room. Most patients with confirmed or suspected COVID 19 presented with fever and dry cough and demonstrated bilateral multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity on chest computed tomography scans."}, {"pmid": 32478611, "title": "Reply to \"Segmental Pulmonary Vascular Changes in COVID-19 Pneumonia\".", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Salehi, Sana", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478611", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498625, "title": "SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and physical distancing: risk for circadian rhythm dysregulation, advice to alleviate it, and natural experiment research opportunities.", "journal": "Chronobiol Int", "authors": ["Erren, Thomas C", "Lewis, Philip"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498625", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 leads to numerous unplanned or natural experiments with health and disease. Physical (social) distancing - a counter-measure with no alternative, but with no precedence in scope and scale either - is a key intervention and trigger of natural experiments. From a practical perspective, concerned disciplines should increase awareness of, provide recommendations to meet, and develop research for, health challenges arising from physical distancing at home. From the field of chronobiology, prolonged home stays may place undue strain on the body's circadian timing system but straightforward and often underestimated advice for coping can be provided (herein we provide such advice). Of course, advice or recommendations from other concerned disciplines that identify challenges associated with current COVID-19 mitigation strategies are also needed. From a research perspective, different disciplines should rise to the occasion and explore unsuspected natural experiment angles toward novel insights to promote health and prevent disease."}, {"pmid": 32374368, "pmcid": "PMC7239250", "title": "Frailty in the Face of COVID-19.", "journal": "Age Ageing", "authors": ["Hubbard, Ruth E", "Maier, Andrea B", "Hilmer, Sarah N", "Naganathan, Vasi", "Etherton-Beer, Christopher", "Rockwood, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374368", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291872, "pmcid": "PMC7262258", "title": "At the center of the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned for otolaryngology-head and neck surgery in China.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Liu, Zheng", "Zhang, Luo"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291872", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289084, "pmcid": "PMC7143707", "title": "COVID-19 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for the emergency physician.", "journal": "Vis J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Holland, Michael", "Zaloga, Debra J", "Friderici, Charles S"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306655, "title": "[The protocol for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of liver injury in coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306655", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497298, "title": "Pancreatic injury in the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a not-so-rare occurrence.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Bruno, Giuseppe", "Fabrizio, Claudia", "Santoro, Carmen Rita", "Buccoliero, Giovanni Battista"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497298", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite respiratory symptoms are typically found during the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), gastrointestinal manifestations are increasingly described. However, data regarding COVID-19-associated pancreatic injury are still limited, as well as the mechanisms underlying COVID-19 induced-pancreatic damage have not been completely clarified. Herein, we described pancreatic abnormalities in six (8.5%) out of 70 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in our unit from February 25, 2020 to May 10, 2020. We hypothesized that pancreatic damage may be associated with several factors including direct effect of SARS-CoV-2, inflammatory cascade, dehydration and multiple organ dysfunction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32354249, "title": "Betrayal of Trust? The Impact of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic on Older Persons.", "journal": "J Appl Gerontol", "authors": ["Landry, Michel D", "Van den Bergh, Graziella", "Hjelle, Kari Margrete", "Jalovcic, Djenana", "Tuntland, Hanne Kristin"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354249", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414971, "title": "e-learning during covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414971", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393592, "title": "Cytokine storm and the prospects for immunotherapy with COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Calabrese, Leonard H"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393592", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Knowledge about the pathobiology of SARS-COV-2 as it interacts with immune defenses is limited. SARS-COV-2 is spread by droplets that come into contact with mucous membranes. COVID-19 is characterized by 3 stages: asymptomatic-paucisymptomatic incubation, nonsevere symptomatic illness for 80% of those infected, and severe respiratory illness. A syndrome characterized by hypercytokinemic inflammation referred to as a \"cytokine storm\" can occur in patients with advanced disease. Effective antiviral agents that can prevent viral infection in exposed individuals are needed."}, {"pmid": 32312591, "pmcid": "PMC7158818", "title": "Cancer care under the outbreak of COVID-19: A perspective from Italian tertiary referral center for surgical oncology.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Marano, Luigi", "Marrelli, Daniele", "Roviello, Franco"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312591", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376453, "pmcid": "PMC7196558", "title": "COVID-19 diagnoses in South East London peaked before the UK suggesting early measures reduced transmission.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Aylwin, Simon J B", "Patel, Amit S", "Post, Frank A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376453", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294815, "title": "[Clinical observation on increasing the positive rate of novel coronavirus nucleic acid tests by sputum excretion induced by nebulizer therapy].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, P", "Shao, F L", "Wang, G J"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294815", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525650, "title": "Targeting SARS-CoV-2: Novel Source of Antiviral Compound(s) against COVID-19?", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah", "Khan, Naveed Ahmed"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525650", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 remains a significant burden on human health. Several lines of evidence suggest that surveillance of sewage and waste can provide an early warning sign for COVID-19 recurrence in a community. In support, SARS-CoV-2 traces were found in sewage in several countries. With this in mind, it is notable that pests, such as cockroaches, are exposed to pathogenic microbes routinely, yet thrive in polluted environments. Such species have likely developed mechanisms to protect themselves against pathogens. In support, recent studies showed that cockroaches possess potent antibacterial molecules to shield themselves from pathogenic bacteria. Among hundreds of molecules, some contained thiazine groups, imidazoles, chromene derivatives, isoquinoline group, sulfonamides, pyrrole-containing analogs, flavanones, and furanones. Here, we propose that cockroaches are a potential source of antiviral molecules to thwart infections. Because this is an unexploited resource for potential antivirals, we believe that cockroaches offer a unique source for novel bioactive molecule(s) to counter COVID-19 with huge clinical impact worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32292919, "pmcid": "PMC7151392", "title": "The Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Threat for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer.", "journal": "JACC CardioOncol", "authors": ["Ganatra, Sarju", "Hammond, Sarah P", "Nohria, Anju"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292919", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425237, "pmcid": "PMC7232909", "title": "COVID-19: Current Knowledge and Best Practices for Orthopaedic Surgeons.", "journal": "Indian J Orthop", "authors": ["Chhabra, Harvinder Singh", "Bagaraia, Vaibhav", "Keny, Swapnil", "Kalidindi, Kalyan Kumar Varma", "Mallepally, Abhinandan", "Dhillon, Mandeep Singh", "Malhotra, Rajesh", "Rajasekharan, Shanmuganathan"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425237", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A mysterious cluster outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China in December 2019 was traced to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and declared a Pandemic by WHO on 11th March 2020. The pandemic has spread rapidly causing widespread devastation globally. This review provides a brief understanding of pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 and highlights the current knowledge as well as best practices for orthopaedic surgeons. These are likely to change as knowledge and evidence is gained. Orthopaedic surgeons, like other front-line workers, carry the risk of getting infected during their practice, which as such is already substantially affected. Implementation of infection prevention and control as well as other safety measures for health care workers assumes great importance. All patients/visitors and staff visiting the hospital should be screened. Conservative treatment should be the first line of treatment except for those requiring urgent/emergent care. During lockdown all elective surgeries are to be withheld. All attempts should be made to reduce hospital visits and telemedicine is to be encouraged. Inpatient management of COVID-19 patients requires approval from concerned authorities. All patients being admitted to the hospital in and around containment zones should be tested for COVID-19. There are special considerations for anaesthesia with preference for regional anaesthesia. A separate Operation room with specific workflow should be dedicated for COVID-19 positive cases. Despite the magnitude of challenge, the pandemic offers significant lessons for the orthopaedic surgeon who should seek the opportunity within the adversity and use this time wisely to achieve his/her Ikigai."}, {"pmid": 32436829, "title": "Triazavirin - Potential inhibitor for 2019-nCoV Coronavirus M protease: A DFT study.", "journal": "Curr Mol Med", "authors": ["Shahab, Siyamak", "Sheikhi, Masoome"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436829", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Triazavirin (2-methylsulfanyl-6-nitro[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-7(4H)-one, TZV) is an antiviral drug synthesized. TZV is being investigated for potential application against the Coronavirus 2019-nCoV. In order to find candidate drugs for 2019-nCoV, we have carried out a computational study to screen for effective available drug Triazavirin (C5H4N6O3S) which may work as inhibitor for the Mpro of 2019-nCoV. In the present work, first time the molecular structure of title molecule has been investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT/B3LYP/MidiX) in gas phase. The molecular HOMO-LUMO, excitation energies and oscillator strengths of investigated compound have also been calculated and presented. The interaction of TZV compound with the Coronavirus was performed by molecular docking studies. Therefore, TZV can be used for potential application against the Coronavirus 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32513339, "title": "UK ACHD response to COVID-19: Which adult patients are being advised to follow shielding by UK centres?", "journal": "Cardiol Young", "authors": ["Anthony, James M", "Kasargod Prabhakar, Chethan R", "Clift, Paul", "Hudsmith, Lucy"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513339", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516429, "title": "Anticoagulation with Argatroban in patients with acute antithrombin deficiency in severe COVID -19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Arachchillage, Deepa J", "Remmington, Christopher", "Rosenberg, Alex", "Xu, Tina", "Passariello, Maurizio", "Hall, Donna", "Laffan, A Mike", "Patel, Brijesh V"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516429", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a highly prothrombotic disease, frequently requiring anticoagulation for prevention or treatment of thrombosis and to enable organ support (Bikdeli, Madhavan et al. 2020). The reported incidence of thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 varies considerably depending on anticoagulant regimen, severity of disease and additional risk factors such as central lines. The most commonly used in-hospital anticoagulants, unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), require antithrombin (AT) to exert their anticoagulant effect (Bussey and Francis 2004). Therefore, AT deficiency can result in failure achieve adequate anticoagulation with UFH or LMWH at usual doses."}, {"pmid": 32352363, "title": "Egypt's groundwork blessing during the COVID-19 pandemic curse: Rheumatologic experience.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Gheita, Tamer A", "Kenawy, Sanaa A"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352363", "countries": ["Egypt"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420933, "title": "The deep impact of novel CoVID-19 infection in an Orthopedics and Traumatology Department: the experience of the Piacenza Hospital.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Maniscalco, Pietro", "Poggiali, Erika", "Quattrini, Fabrizio", "Ciatti, Corrado", "Magnacavallo, Andrea", "Caprioli, Serena", "Vadacca, Giovanni", "Michieletti, Emanuele", "Cavanna, Luigi", "Capelli, Patrizio"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420933", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since February 21st, 2020 CoVID-19 spread throughout all Italy expanding like a \"tsunami\" from Codogno (Lodi, Lombardy, Northern Italy) to neighboring cities. In a few days Lodi, Piacenza, Milano, Brescia and Bergamo were forced to deal with this disaster starting the lockdown at different time. No national plan had been prepared. As result, CoVID-19 has paralyzed the Italian healthcare system. At time of writing, in Italy there are 169 323 infected patients and 22 260 deaths. Italy is fighting hard to manage CoVID-19 crisis even if most hospitals were unprepared to deal with massive influx of critically ill CoVID-19 patients. Piacenza in Emilia-Romagna region (Northern Italy) is one of the epicenters of the Italian pandemic, and the local hospital - Guglielmo da Saliceto - has quickly become a \"CoVID-19 hospital\" with the great effort of all the medical staff. Here we report the experience of our hospital, particularly the strategy adopted in the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department."}, {"pmid": 32474087, "pmcid": "PMC7256617", "title": "Clinical impact of pre-admission antithrombotic therapy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter observational study.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Russo, Vincenzo", "Di Maio, Marco", "Attena, Emilio", "Silverio, Angelo", "Scudiero, Fernando", "Celentani, Dario", "Lodigiani, Corrado", "Di Micco, Pierpaolo"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474087", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is still known about the clinical features associated with the occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in hospitalized patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence of pre-admission antithrombotic therapies in patients with COVID-19 and to investigate the potential association between antithrombotic therapy and ARDS, as disease clinical presentation, or in-hospital mortality. We enrolled 192 consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to emergency department of five Italian hospitals. The study population was divided in two groups according to the evidence of ARDS at chest computed tomography at admission. Propensity score weighting adjusted regression analysis was performed to assess the risk ARDS at admission, and death during hospitalization, in patients treated or not with antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents. ARDS was reported in 73 cases (38 %), who showed more likely hypertension compared to those without ARDS (57.8 % vs 49.6 %; P = 0.005). Thirty-five patients (18.5 %) died during the hospitalization. Not survived COVID-19 patients showed a statistically significant increased age (77 \u00b1 8.31 vs 65.57 \u00b1 8.31; P = 0.001), hypertension (77.1 % vs 53.5 %; P = 0.018) and coronary artery disease prevalence (28.6 % vs 10.2 %; P = 0.009). Both unadjusted and adjusted regression analyses showed no difference in the risk of ARDS at admission, or death during hospitalization, between patients treated or not with antiplatelets or anticoagulants. Pre-admission antithrombotic therapy, both antiplatelet and anticoagulant, does not seem to show a protective effect in severe forms of COVID-19 with ARDS at presentation and rapidly evolving toward death."}, {"pmid": 32492351, "title": "Should We Monitor Pulsus Paradoxus via Pulse Oximetry in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure?", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Michard, Frederic", "Shelley, Kirk"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492351", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519953, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical practice advice for gastroenterologists, hepatologists, and liver transplant specialists.", "journal": "Turk J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Kabacam, Gokhan", "Dayangac, Murat", "Ucbilek, Enver", "Ercin, Cemal Nuri", "Gunsar, Fulya", "Akyildiz, Murat", "Akarsu, Mesut", "Demir, Mehmet", "Kaymakoglu, Sabahattin", "Karasu, Zeki", "Idilman, Ramazan"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519953", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a novel acute infectious disease that has rapidly reached staggering pandemic proportions. This review addresses gastroenterologists, hepatologists, liver transplant (LT) specialists, and health-care professionals working in the field of liver diseases and liver transplantation. It has been written based on a limited number of publications, recommendations of national and international liver and organ transplantation societies, and experiences of patients with COVID-19 around the world. The purpose of this review is to provide information addressing questions and concerns about COVID-19, to reveal the effects of the novel disease on patients with chronic liver disease and LT recipients, and to share information about ways in which this pandemic will affect clinical practices. We, the Turkish Association for the Study of the Liver (TASL), would like to remind you that this text is actually not a practical guide. It is imperative to act according to the standards set by health-care institutions and the Ministry of Health, Republic of Turkey."}, {"pmid": 32346813, "pmcid": "PMC7186765", "title": "COVID-19, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and clinical implications.", "journal": "Endocrine", "authors": ["Pal, Rimesh"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346813", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508394, "pmcid": "PMC7264633", "title": "Reflections on COVID-19 in Sydney, Australia.", "journal": "City Soc (Wash)", "authors": ["Peters, Robbie"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508394", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358817, "pmcid": "PMC7267654", "title": "Dramatic improvement after tocilizumab of severe COVID-19 in a child with sickle cell disease and acute chest syndrome.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Odievre, Marie-Helene", "de Marcellus, Charles", "Ducou Le Pointe, Hubert", "Allali, Slimane", "Romain, Anne-Sophie", "Youn, Jenny", "Taytard, Jessica", "Nathan, Nadia", "Corvol, Harriet"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358817", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320592, "title": "Audio Interview: Approaches to Covid-19 Vaccines and Antivirals.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320592", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404665, "pmcid": "PMC7268861", "title": "COVID-19 - Implications on and of Surgical Practices: Where Do We Draw the Line?", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Kumar, Nishant Ganesh", "Drolet, Brian C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404665", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511019, "title": "COVID-19 infection at nighttime.", "journal": "Chronobiol Int", "authors": ["Fujimura, Akio", "Ushijima, Kentaro", "Smolensky, Michael H"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511019", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500570, "title": "'Shielded' anaesthetists and intensivists during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Iliff, H A", "Simpson, K A", "Tomlinson, C R", "Webb, C M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500570", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404497, "title": "COVID-19 changes medical education in Italy: will other countries follow?", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Lapolla, Pierfrancesco", "Mingoli, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404497", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314322, "pmcid": "PMC7167536", "title": "COVID-19 and the eye immunity: lesson learned from the past and possible new therapeutic insights.", "journal": "Int Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Neri, Piergiorgio", "Pichi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314322", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451729, "pmcid": "PMC7247779", "title": "Corticosteroid treatment in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: two cases and literature review.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Dai, Jinghong", "Xiong, Yali", "Li, Hui", "Qian, Yajun", "Xu, Ying", "Xu, Qingqing", "Yan, Xin", "Tang, Jian"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451729", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, firstly reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, has rapidly spread around the world with high mortality rate among critically ill patients. The use of corticosteroids in COVID-19 remains a major controversy. Available evidences are inconclusive. According to WHO guidance, corticosteroids are not recommended to be used unless for another reason. Chinese Thoracic Society (CTS) proposes an expert consensus statement that suggests taking a prudent attitude of corticosteroid usage. In our clinical practice, we do not use corticosteroids routinely; only low-to-moderate doses of corticosteroids were given to several severely ill patients prudently. In this paper, we will present two confirmed severe COVID-19 cases admitted to isolation wards in Optical Valley Campus of Tongji hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. We will discuss questions related to corticosteroids usages."}, {"pmid": 32355107, "title": "Considerations for STI Clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Sex Transm Dis", "authors": ["Napoleon, Siena C", "Maynard, Michaela A", "Almonte, Alexi", "Cormier, Kevin", "Bertrand, Thomas", "Ard, Kevin L", "Chan, Philip A"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355107", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is responsible for a global pandemic. It is important to balance the need for access to healthcare services, including testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). STI programs must consider how to use limited resources and implement novel approaches to provide continued access to care."}, {"pmid": 32514291, "pmcid": "PMC7273816", "title": "Body fluids may contribute to human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: evidence and practical experience.", "journal": "Chin Med", "authors": ["Mohseni, Amir Hossein", "Taghinezhad-S, Sedigheh", "Xu, Zhigang", "Fu, Xiangsheng"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514291", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an unbelievable outbreak of pneumonia associated with coronavirus was reported in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province. This virus was called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although much\u00a0effort has been spent on clarifying the transmission route of SARS-CoV-2, but, very little evidence is available regarding the relationship between human body fluids and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Considerable evidence from hospital in Wuhan indicates that strict rules to avoid occupational exposure to patients' body fluids in healthcare settings, particularly among every medical staff, limited person-to-person transmission of nosocomial infections by direct or indirect contact. We tried to provide important information for understanding the possible transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 via body fluids including bronchoalveolar-lavage, saliva, blood, urine, feces, sputum, tears, and semen in order to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurrences."}, {"pmid": 32329974, "title": "Mild or Moderate Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Gandhi, Rajesh T", "Lynch, John B", "Del Rio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329974", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495994, "title": "Protection comes at a cost: Doctor's life inside Personal Protection Equipment.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Bhargava, Shashank", "Gupta, Mrinal", "Kroumpouzos, George"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495994", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491076, "title": "Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia and Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Huyut, Mustafa Ahmet"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491076", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358142, "title": "Neonatal Management During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak: The Chinese Experience.", "journal": "Neoreviews", "authors": ["Ma, Xiaolu", "Zhu, Jiajun", "Du, Lizhong"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358142", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335249, "pmcid": "PMC7177144", "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and the Upper Limb Deep Vein Thrombosis Risk.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Bozzani, Antonio", "Arici, Vittorio", "Franciscone, Mila Maria", "Danesino, Vittorio", "Cascina, Alessandro", "Ticozzelli, Giulia", "Ragni, Franco"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335249", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little or nothing is known about the correlation between the upper limb deep vein thrombosis (UL-DVT) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We describe the increased risk of UL-DVT in 3 patients with SARS-CoV-2 who require continuous positive airway pressure with a hood and the need for early adequate antithrombotic prophylaxis."}, {"pmid": 32327218, "pmcid": "PMC7159858", "title": "COVID-19 and rhinology: A look at the future.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Setzen, Michael", "Svider, Peter F", "Pollock, Kim"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327218", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has created a deadly pandemic that is now significantly impacting the United States. Otolaryngologists are considered high risk for contracting disease, as the virus resides in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and oropharynx. While valuable work has been publicized regarding several topics in Rhinology, we discuss other aspects of our specialty in further detail. There are several issues regarding Rhinologic practice that need to be clarified both for the current epidemic as well as for future expected \"waves.\" In addition, as the pandemic dies down, guidelines are needed to optimize safe practices as we start seeing more patients again. These include protocols pertinent to safety, in-office Rhinologic procedures, the substitution of imaging for endoscopy, and understanding the appropriate role of telemedicine. We discuss these aspects of Rhinology as well as practical concerns relating to telemedicine and billing, as these issues take on increasing importance for Rhinologists both in the present and the future."}, {"pmid": 32283497, "pmcid": "PMC7129346", "title": "Telemedicine for diabetes care in India during COVID19 pandemic and national lockdown period: Guidelines for physicians.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ghosh, Amerta", "Gupta, Ritesh", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283497", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In view of restrictions on mobility of patients because of COVID-19 pandemic, face-to-face consultations are difficult. We sought to study the feasibility of telemedicine in this scenario. PubMed and Google Scholar search engines were searched using the key terms 'telemedicine', 'diabetes', 'COVID-19 up to 31st March 2020. In addition, existing guidelines including those by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India, were accessed. We discuss evidence and general guidelines regarding role of telemedicine in patients with diabetes along with its utility and limitations. Telemedicine is a useful tool for managing patients of diabetes during this lockdown period. However, there is limited data and further research is required."}, {"pmid": 32384020, "title": "Brain MRI Findings in Patients in the Intensive Care Unit with COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Kandemirli, Sedat G", "Dogan, Lerzan", "Sarikaya, Zeynep T", "Kara, Simay", "Akinci, Canan", "Kaya, Dilaver", "Kaya, Yildiz", "Yildirim, Duzgun", "Tuzuner, Filiz", "Yildirim, Mustafa S", "Ozluk, Enes", "Gucyetmez, Bulent", "Karaarslan, Ercan", "Koyluoglu, Isil", "Demirel Kaya, Hande S", "Mammadov, Orkhan", "Kisa Ozdemir, Ilkay", "Afsar, Nazire", "Citci Yalcinkaya, Beyza", "Rasimoglu, Sevdinaz", "Guduk, Duygu E", "Kedir Jima, Ararso", "Ilksoz, Aylin", "Ersoz, Vildan", "Yonca Eren, Meltem", "Celtik, Nilufer", "Arslan, Serdar", "Korkmazer, Bora", "Dincer, Saban S", "Gulek, Elif", "Dikmen, Ibrahim", "Yazici, Murathan", "Unsal, Serkan", "Ljama, Taner", "Demirel, Ismail", "Ayyildiz, Aykut", "Kesimci, Isil", "Bolsoy Deveci, Sahika", "Tutuncu, Melih", "Kizilkilic, Osman", "Telci, Lutfi", "Zengin, Rehile", "Dincer, Alp", "Akinci, Ibrahim O", "Kocer, Naci"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384020", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32057788, "pmcid": "PMC7134529", "title": "Novel coronavirus, poor quarantine, and the risk of pandemic.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Khan, S", "Siddique, R", "Ali, A", "Xue, M", "Nabi, G"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32057788", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378507, "title": "Letter to the Editor about the Article \"Excess Mortality Estimation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preliminary Data from Portugal https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.13928\".", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Knight, Alastair"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378507", "countries": ["Portugal"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527699, "pmcid": "PMC7250776", "title": "[The RAAS and SARS-CoV-2: A riddle to solve].", "journal": "Hipertens Riesgo Vasc", "authors": ["Choi, M", "Aiello, E A", "Ennis, I L", "Villa-Abrille, M C"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527699", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of COVID-19 was reported on 31 December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Ever since there has been unprecedented and growing interest in learning about all aspects of this new disease. Debate has been generated as to the association between antihypertensive therapy with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors and SARS-CoV-2 infection. While many questions as yet remain unanswered, the aim of this report is to inform health professionals about the current state of knowledge. Because this is an ever-evolving topic, the recommendation is that it be updated as new evidence becomes available. Below, we provide a review of pre-clinical and clinical studies that link coronavirus to the RAAS."}, {"pmid": 32304435, "pmcid": "PMC7188063", "title": "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Patients.", "journal": "Am J Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Al-Quteimat, Osama M", "Amer, Amer Mustafa"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304435", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Severe complications have been reported to occur in 33% of patients with COVID-19 and include acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute renal failure, acute respiratory injury, septic shock, and severe pneumonia. Currently, there is no specific treatment or approved vaccine against COVID-19 and many clinical trials are currently investigating potential medications to treat COVID-19. The immunosuppressed status of some cancer patients (whether caused by the disease itself or the treatment) increases their risk of infection compared with the general population. This short review aims to focus on the impact of COVID-19 on a cancer patient and discuss management options and recommendation in addition to highlighting the currently available clinical guidelines and resources."}, {"pmid": 32403255, "title": "COVID-19, MERS and SARS with Concomitant Liver Injury-Systematic Review of the Existing Literature.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Kukla, Michal", "Skonieczna-Zydecka, Karolina", "Kotfis, Katarzyna", "Maciejewska, Dominika", "Loniewski, Igor", "Lara, Luis F", "Pazgan-Simon, Monika", "Stachowska, Ewa", "Kaczmarczyk, Mariusz", "Koulaouzidis, Anastasios", "Marlicz, Wojciech"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403255", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection has been predominantly linked to respiratory distress syndrome, but gastrointestinal symptoms and hepatic injury have also been reported. The mechanism of liver injury is poorly understood and may result as a consequence of viral hepatitis, systemic inflammatory response, gut barrier and microbiome alterations, intensive care treatment or drug toxicity. The incidence of hepatopathy among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear, but studies have reported liver injury in patients with SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). We aimed to systematically review data on the prevalence of hepatic impairments and their clinical course in SARS and MERS Coronaviridae infections. A systematic literature search (PubMed/Embase/Cinahl/Web of Science) according to preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA) was conducted from database inception until 17/03/2020 for studies that evaluated the incidence of hepatic abnormalities in SARS CoV-1, SARS CoV-2 and MERS infected patients with reported liver-related parameters. A total of forty-three studies were included. Liver anomalies were predominantly mild to moderately elevated transaminases, hypoalbuminemia and prolongation of prothrombin time. Histopathology varied between non-specific inflammation, mild steatosis, congestion and massive necrosis. More studies to elucidate the mechanism and importance of liver injury on the clinical course and prognosis in patients with novel SARS-CoV-2 infection are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32451323, "title": "COVID-19: has EBM been replaced by hype-based medicine?", "journal": "Drug Ther Bull", "authors": ["McCartney, Margaret"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451323", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243813, "pmcid": "PMC7270796", "title": "Estimating case fatality rates of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lipsitch, Marc"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243813", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301957, "pmcid": "PMC7184357", "title": "Weak Induction of Interferon Expression by SARS-CoV-2 Supports Clinical Trials of Interferon Lambda to Treat Early COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["O'Brien, Thomas R", "Thomas, David L", "Jackson, Sarah S", "Prokunina-Olsson, Ludmila", "Donnelly, Raymond P", "Hartmann, Rune"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301957", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473664, "pmcid": "PMC7255732", "title": "How might the NHS protect the mental health of health-care workers after the COVID-19 crisis?", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Greenberg, Neil", "Brooks, Samantha K", "Wessely, Simon", "Tracy, Derek K"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473664", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339307, "pmcid": "PMC7267299", "title": "Additional hypotheses about why COVID-19 is milder in children than adults.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Ruggiero, Antonio", "Attina, Giorgio", "Chiaretti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339307", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32073353, "pmcid": "PMC7233365", "title": "Sensitivity of Chest CT for COVID-19: Comparison to RT-PCR.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Fang, Yicheng", "Zhang, Huangqi", "Xie, Jicheng", "Lin, Minjie", "Ying, Lingjun", "Pang, Peipei", "Ji, Wenbin"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32073353", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227177, "title": "Possible Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a Public Bath Center in Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Luo, Chao", "Yao, Lun", "Zhang, Li", "Yao, Mengchu", "Chen, Xiaofei", "Wang, Qilong", "Shen, Hongbing"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227177", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404678, "pmcid": "PMC7268843", "title": "Gastrointestinal Complications in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Kaafarani, Haytham M A", "Moheb, Mohamad El", "Hwabejire, John O", "Naar, Leon", "Christensen, Mathias A", "Breen, Kerry", "Gaitanidis, Apostolos", "Alser, Osaid", "Mashbari, Hassan", "Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany", "Mokhtari, Ava", "Maurer, Lydia", "Kapoen, Carolijn", "Langeveld, Kimberly", "El Hechi, Majed W", "Lee, Jarone", "Mendoza, April E", "Saillant, Noelle N", "Parks, Jonathan", "Fawley, Jason", "King, David R", "Fagenholz, Peter J", "Velmahos, George C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404678", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324202, "title": "Information Technology-Based Tracing Strategy in Response to COVID-19 in South Korea-Privacy Controversies.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Park, Sangchul", "Choi, Gina Jeehyun", "Ko, Haksoo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324202", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366684, "title": "Psychological impact on women health workers involved in COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan: a cross-sectional study.", "journal": "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry", "authors": ["Li, Guo", "Miao, Jinfeng", "Wang, Hui", "Xu, Shabei", "Sun, Wenzhe", "Fan, Yebin", "Zhang, Chenyan", "Zhu, Suiqiang", "Zhu, Zhou", "Wang, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366684", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32104915, "pmcid": "PMC7228394", "title": "The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Yan-Chao", "Bai, Wan-Zhu", "Hashikawa, Tsutomu"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32104915", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), another highly pathogenic coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 (previously known as 2019-nCoV) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spreads around the world. This virus shares highly homological sequence with SARS-CoV, and causes acute, highly lethal pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with clinical symptoms similar to those reported for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The most characteristic symptom of patients with COVID-19 is respiratory distress, and most of the patients admitted to the intensive care could not breathe spontaneously. Additionally, some patients with COVID-19 also showed neurologic signs, such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. Increasing evidence shows that coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract and that they may also invade the central nervous system inducing neurological diseases. The infection of SARS-CoV has been reported in the brains from both patients and experimental animals, where the brainstem was heavily infected. Furthermore, some coronaviruses have been demonstrated able to spread via a synapse-connected route to the medullary cardiorespiratory center from the mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the lung and lower respiratory airways. Considering the high similarity between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2, it remains to make clear whether the potential invasion of SARS-CoV2 is partially responsible for the acute respiratory failure of patients with COVID-19. Awareness of this may have a guiding significance for the prevention and treatment of the SARS-CoV-2-induced respiratory failure."}, {"pmid": 32447820, "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): An updated review based on current knowledge and existing literature for dermatologists.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kaur, Ishmeet", "Sharma, Aseem", "Jakhar, Deepak", "Das, Anupam", "Aradhya, Sujala Sacchidanand", "Sharma, Rashmi", "Jindal, Veenu", "Mhatre, Madhulika"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447820", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world entered the year 2020 with reports of the emergence of a new viral illness in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China. In January 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified to be the causative novel coronavirus for the cluster of patients suffering from pneumonia in China. The disease was later named as coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Several studies, since then, have tried to study and explain the origin of SARS-CoV-2, its structure and pathogenicity, epidemiology, modes of transmission, spectrum of illness and causes of mortality and morbidity. The current management strategies focus on supportive care and prevention of complications. With no definite treatment, as of now, encouraging reports of some anti-viral and anti-malarial drugs in the management of COVID-19 generate some hope. This review intends to cover the current known aspects of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-19, based on the available literature."}, {"pmid": 32278542, "pmcid": "PMC7195317", "title": "Correspondence from Northern Italy about our experience with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pediatr Surg", "authors": ["Leva, Ernesto", "Morandi, Anna", "Sartori, Angelo", "Macchini, Francesco", "Berrettini, Alfredo", "Manzoni, Gianantonio"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278542", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493522, "title": "The impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Stroke Volume.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Pasarikovski, Christopher R", "da Costa, Leodante"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493522", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361759, "pmcid": "PMC7197529", "title": "SARS, MERS and COVID-19-new threats; old lessons.", "journal": "Int J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Gilbert, Gwendolyn L"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361759", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344993, "title": "COVID-19: An Early Review of Its Global Impact and Considerations for Parkinson's Disease Patient Care.", "journal": "J Mov Disord", "authors": ["Bhidayasiri, Roongroj", "Virameteekul, Sasivimol", "Kim, Jong-Min", "Pal, Pramod Kr", "Chung, Sun-Ju"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344993", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While many infectious disorders are unknown to most neurologists, COVID-19 is very different. It has impacted neurologists and other health care workers, not only in our professional lives but also through the fear and panic within our own families, colleagues, patients and their families, and even in the wider public. COVID-19 affects all sorts of individuals, but the elderly with underlying chronic conditions are particularly at risk of severe disease, or even death. Parkinson's disease (PD) shares a common profile as an age-dependent degenerative disorder, frequently associated with comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular diseases, so PD patients will almost certainly fall into the high-risk group. Therefore, the aim of this review is to explore the risk of COVID-19 in PD based on the susceptibility to severe disease, its impact on PD disease severity, potential long-term sequelae, and difficulties of PD management during this outbreak, where neurologists face various challenges on how we can maintain effective care for PD patients without exposing them, or ourselves, to the risk of infection. It is less than six months since the identification of the original COVID-19 case on New Year's Eve 2019, so it is still too early to fully understand the natural history of COVID-19 and the evidence on COVID-19-related PD is scant. Though the possibilities presented are speculative, they are theory-based, and supported by prior evidence from other neurotrophic viruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2. Neurologists should be on high alert and vigilant for potential acute and chronic complications when encountering PD patients who are suspected of having COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32515555, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders on Weight-Related Behaviors Among Patients with Obesity.", "journal": "Clin Obes", "authors": ["Almandoz, Jaime P", "Xie, Luyu", "Schellinger, Jeffrey N", "Mathew, M Sunil", "Gazda, Chellse", "Ofori, Ashley", "Kukreja, Sachin", "Messiah, Sarah E"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515555", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "How the impact of the COVID-19 stay-at-home orders are influencing physical, mental, and financial health among vulnerable populations, including those with obesity is unknown. The aim of the current study was to explore the health implications of COVID-19 AMong a sample of adults with obesity. A retrospective medical chart review identified patients with obesity from an obesity medicine clinic and a bariatric surgery (MBS) practice. Patients completed an online survey from April 15, 2020 to May 31, 2020 to assess COVID-19 status and health behaviors during stay-at-home orders. Logistic regression models examined the impact of these orders on anxiety and depression by ethnic group. A total of 123 patients (87% female, mean age 51.2\u2009years [SD 13.0], mean BMI 40.2 [SD 6.7], 49.2% Non-Hispanic white, 28.7% Non-Hispanic black, 16.4% Hispanic, 7% other ethnicity, 33.1% completed MBS were included. Two patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 14.6% reported symptoms. 72.8% reported increased anxiety and 83.6% increased depression since stay-at-home orders were initiated. 69.6% reported more difficultly in achieving weight loss goals, less exercise time (47.9%) and intensity (55.8%), increased stockpiling of food (49.6%) and stress eating (61.2%). Hispanics were less likely to report anxiety vs non-Hispanic whites (aOR 0.16; 95% CI, 0.05-0.49; P\u00a0=\u00a00.009). Results here showed the COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant impact on patients with obesity regardless of infection status. These results can inform clinicians and healthcare professionals about effective strategies to minimize COVID-19 negative outcomes for this vulnerable population now and in post-COVID-19 recovery efforts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32387744, "pmcid": "PMC7202809", "title": "It's in our hands: a rapid, international initiative to translate a hand hygiene song during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Thampi, N", "Longtin, Y", "Peters, A", "Pittet, D", "Overy, K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387744", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484725, "title": "Increased importance of digital medicine and eHealth during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Scand J Prim Health Care", "authors": ["Thulesius, Hans"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360755, "pmcid": "PMC7189183", "title": "A \"paper diaper\" in N95 respirator.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Song, Zexing", "Xie, Jun", "Zhu, Jintao", "Tao, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376104, "pmcid": "PMC7167560", "title": "Public Health Crises and the Human Subjects of Biomedical Research: A Focus on COVID-19.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Sher, Taimur", "Wright, R Scott"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376104", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277386, "pmcid": "PMC7145935", "title": "\"Fast, faster, and fastest: science on the run during COVID-19 drama\"-\"do not forget the liver\".", "journal": "Hepatol Int", "authors": ["Sarin, S K"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277386", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382824, "pmcid": "PMC7203543", "title": "Challenges to HIV Care and Psychological Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among People Living with HIV in China.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Sun, Shufang", "Hou, Jianhua", "Chen, Yaokai", "Lu, Yanqiu", "Brown, Larry", "Operario, Don"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382824", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236490, "pmcid": "PMC7133054", "title": "Environment and Personal Protective Equipment Tests for SARS-CoV-2 in the Isolation Room of an Infant With Infection.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Yung, Chee Fu", "Kam, Kai-Qian", "Wong, Michelle S Y", "Maiwald, Matthias", "Tan, Yian Kim", "Tan, Boon Huan", "Thoon, Koh Cheng"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340541, "title": "Laryngeal Evaluation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Transcervical Laryngeal Ultrasonography.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Noel, Julia E", "Orloff, Lisa A", "Sung, Kwang"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340541", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has quickly become a global pandemic since its initial outbreak in China in late 2019. Institutions are faced with the challenge of upholding the standard of care while maintaining safety for health care personnel and patients. Due to the common performance of aerosol-generating endoscopic procedures in the upper respiratory tract, otolaryngologists are at uniquely high risk for potential infection. When possible, alternative diagnostic and treatment strategies should be pursued. For patients suspected of having functional laryngeal abnormalities, transcervical laryngeal ultrasound provides a rapid and noninvasive evaluation of vocal fold motion to inform decisions about safety of feeding, airway, and progression of care."}, {"pmid": 32533508, "title": "Hypocalcemia is highly prevalent and predicts hospitalization in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Endocrine", "authors": ["Di Filippo, Luigi", "Formenti, Anna Maria", "Rovere-Querini, Patrizia", "Carlucci, Michele", "Conte, Caterina", "Ciceri, Fabio", "Zangrillo, Alberto", "Giustina, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533508", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322107, "pmcid": "PMC7174004", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy - a Review of the Current Literature and Possible Impact on Maternal and Neonatal Outcome.", "journal": "Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd", "authors": ["Stumpfe, Florian M", "Titzmann, Adriana", "Schneider, Michael O", "Stelzl, Patrick", "Kehl, Sven", "Fasching, Peter A", "Beckmann, Matthias W", "Ensser, Armin"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322107", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, cases of pneumonia of unknown cause first started to appear in Wuhan in China; subsequently, a new coronavirus was soon identified as the cause of the illness, now known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since then, infections have been confirmed worldwide in numerous countries, with the number of cases steadily rising. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and, in particular, to deduce from it potential risks and complications for pregnant patients. For this purpose, the available literature on cases of infection in pregnancy during the SARS epidemic of 2002/2003, the MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) epidemic ongoing since 2012, as well as recent publications on cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy are reviewed and reported. Based on the literature available at the moment, it can be assumed that the clinical course of COVID-19 disease may be complicated by pregnancy which could be associated with a higher mortality rate. It may also be assumed at the moment that transmission from mother to child in utero is unlikely. Breastfeeding is possible once infection has been excluded or the disease declared cured."}, {"pmid": 32333818, "pmcid": "PMC7267110", "title": "COVID-19: lambda interferon against viral load and hyperinflammation.", "journal": "EMBO Mol Med", "authors": ["Andreakos, Evangelos", "Tsiodras, Sotirios"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333818", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), triggered by the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become one of the worst pandemics of\u00a0our time that has already caused more than 250,000 deaths (JHU data-05/06/2020, https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/). Effective therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to reduce the spread of the virus and its death toll. Here, we assess the possibility of using interferon-lambda (IFN\u03bb), a third type of interferon sharing low homology with type I IFNs and IL-10, for treating COVID-19 patients. We discuss the unique role of IFN\u03bb in fine-tuning antiviral immunity in the respiratory tract to achieve optimal protection and minimal host damage and review early evidence that SARS-CoV-2 may impair IFN\u03bb induction, leading to a delayed type I IFN-dominated response that triggers hyperinflammation and severe disease. We also consider the potential windows of opportunity for therapeutic intervention with IFN\u03bb and potential safety considerations. We conclude that IFN\u03bb constitutes a promising therapeutic agent for reducing viral presence and hyperinflammation in a single shot to prevent the devastating consequences of COVID-19 such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)."}, {"pmid": 32297852, "pmcid": "PMC7184195", "title": "Mental health characteristics associated with dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Lee, Sherman A", "Jobe, Mary C", "Mathis, Amanda A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297852", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380200, "pmcid": "PMC7198429", "title": "In silico design of antiviral peptides targeting the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Peptides", "authors": ["Ling, Rongsong", "Dai, Yarong", "Huang, Boxuan", "Huang, Wenjie", "Yu, Jianfeng", "Lu, Xifeng", "Jiang, Yizhou"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380200", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was first identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The new virus was later named SARS-CoV-2. The virus has affected tens of thousands of patients in the world. The infection of SARS-CoV-2 causes severe pneumonia and even death. It is urgently needed to find a therapeutic method to treat patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies showed that the surface spike (S) protein is essential for the coronavirus binding and entry of host cells. The heptad repeats 1 and 2 (HR1 and HR2) in the S protein play a decisive role in the fusion of the viral membrane with the host cell membrane. We predicted the HR1 and HR2 regions in S protein by sequence alignment. We simulated a computational model of HR1/2 regions and the fusion core. The binding energy of HR1 and HR2 of the fusion core was -33.4\u2009kcal/mol. We then designed antivirus peptides by molecular dynamics simulation of the fusion core. The binding energy of HR2-based antiviral peptide to HR1 was -43.0\u2009kcal/mol, which was stronger than the natural stage of the fusion core, suggesting that the predicted antiviral peptide can competitively bind with HR1 to prevent forming of the fusion core. The antiviral peptides can prevent SARS-CoV-2 membrane fusion and can potentially be used for the prevention and treatment of infections."}, {"pmid": 32350861, "title": "COVID-19: a defining moment for clinical pharmacology?", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["van, Piet H", "der Graaf", "Giacomini, Kathleen M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350861", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466974, "pmcid": "PMC7205666", "title": "Triage criteria for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and advanced life support during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Real de Asua, Diego", "Galvan, Jose Maria", "Iglesias, Judit", "Fernandez, Julia"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466974", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32106216, "title": "Update: Public Health Response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak - United States, February 24, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Jernigan, Daniel B"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32106216", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019, and has spread throughout China and to 31 other countries and territories, including the United States (1). As of February 23, 2020, there were 76,936 reported cases in mainland China and 1,875 cases in locations outside mainland China (1). There have been 2,462 associated deaths worldwide; no deaths have been reported in the United States. Fourteen cases have been diagnosed in the United States, and an additional 39 cases have occurred among repatriated persons from high-risk settings, for a current total of 53 cases within the United States. This report summarizes the aggressive measures (2,3) that CDC, state and local health departments, multiple other federal agencies, and other partners are implementing to slow and try to contain transmission of COVID-19 in the United States. These measures require the identification of cases and contacts of persons with COVID-19 in the United States and the recommended assessment, monitoring, and care of travelers arriving from areas with substantial COVID-19 transmission. Although these measures might not prevent widespread transmission of the virus in the United States, they are being implemented to 1) slow the spread of illness; 2) provide time to better prepare state and local health departments, health care systems, businesses, educational organizations, and the general public in the event that widespread transmission occurs; and 3) better characterize COVID-19 to guide public health recommendations and the development and deployment of medical countermeasures, including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. U.S. public health authorities are monitoring the situation closely, and CDC is coordinating efforts with the World Health Organization (WHO) and other global partners. Interim guidance is available at https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/index.html. As more is learned about this novel virus and this outbreak, CDC will rapidly incorporate new knowledge into guidance for action by CDC, state and local health departments, health care providers, and communities."}, {"pmid": 32511946, "title": "The no-test abortion is a patient-centered abortion.", "journal": "Contraception", "authors": ["Fay, Kathryn", "Kasier, Jennifer", "Turok, David"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511946", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483458, "pmcid": "PMC7255028", "title": "Risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes with COVID-19 in China: a multicenter, retrospective, observational study.", "journal": "Theranostics", "authors": ["Xu, Peng Peng", "Tian, Rong Hua", "Luo, Song", "Zu, Zi Yue", "Fan, Bin", "Wang, Xi Ming", "Xu, Kai", "Wang, Jiang Tao", "Zhu, Juan", "Shi, Ji Chan", "Chen, Feng", "Wan, Bing", "Yan, Zhi Han", "Wang, Rong Pin", "Chen, Wen", "Fan, Wen Hui", "Zhang, Can", "Lu, Meng Jie", "Sun, Zhi Yuan", "Zhou, Chang Sheng", "Zhang, Li Na", "Xia, Fei", "Qi, Li", "Zhang, Wei", "Zhong, Jing", "Liu, Xiao Xue", "Zhang, Qi Rui", "Lu, Guang Ming", "Zhang, Long Jiang"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483458", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: The risk factors for adverse events of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) have not been well described. We aimed to explore the predictive value of clinical, laboratory and CT imaging characteristics on admission for short-term outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective, observation study enrolled 703 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to 16 tertiary hospitals from 8 provinces in China between January 10, 2020 and March 13, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory data, CT imaging findings on admission and clinical outcomes were collected and compared. The primary endpoint was in-hospital death, the secondary endpoints were composite clinical adverse outcomes including in-hospital death, admission to intensive care unit (ICU) and requiring invasive mechanical ventilation support (IMV). Multivariable Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank test were used to explore risk factors related to in-hospital death and in-hospital adverse outcomes. Results: Of 703 patients, 55 (8%) developed adverse outcomes (including 33 deceased), 648 (92%) discharged without any adverse outcome. Multivariable regression analysis showed risk factors associated with in-hospital death included \u2265 2 comorbidities (hazard ratio [HR], 6.734; 95% CI; 3.239-14.003, p < 0.001), leukocytosis (HR, 9.639; 95% CI, 4.572-20.321, p < 0.001), lymphopenia (HR, 4.579; 95% CI, 1.334-15.715, p = 0.016) and CT severity score > 14 (HR, 2.915; 95% CI, 1.376-6.177, p = 0.005) on admission, while older age (HR, 2.231; 95% CI, 1.124-4.427, p = 0.022), \u2265 2 comorbidities (HR, 4.778; 95% CI; 2.451-9.315, p < 0.001), leukocytosis (HR, 6.349; 95% CI; 3.330-12.108, p < 0.001), lymphopenia (HR, 3.014; 95% CI; 1.356-6.697, p = 0.007) and CT severity score > 14 (HR, 1.946; 95% CI; 1.095-3.459, p = 0.023) were associated with increased odds of composite adverse outcomes. Conclusion: The risk factors of older age, multiple comorbidities, leukocytosis, lymphopenia and higher CT severity score could help clinicians identify patients with potential adverse events."}, {"pmid": 32330312, "pmcid": "PMC7264668", "title": "Does pandemic justify the use of hydroxychloroquine for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in India?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Tripathy, Jaya Prasad"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330312", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220285, "pmcid": "PMC7156224", "title": "Management of pregnant women infected with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Luo, Yongwen", "Yin, Kai"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220285", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304612, "pmcid": "PMC7264504", "title": "Why we should not stop giving aspirin to pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Kwiatkowski, S", "Borowski, D", "Kajdy, A", "Poon, L C", "Rokita, W", "Wielgos, M"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304612", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442699, "pmcid": "PMC7235574", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine effects on psoriasis: a systematic review and a cautionary note for COVID-19 treatment.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Sachdeva, Muskaan", "Mufti, Asfandyar", "Maliyar, Khalad", "Lytvyn, Yuliya", "Yeung, Jensen"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442699", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While evidence suggests that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) may decrease the viral load in patients with a COVID-19 infection, a number of case reports indicate adverse dermatologic effects of this potential treatment. To conduct a systematic review of previously reported cases of psoriasis onset, exacerbation, or relapse after HCQ treatment. A comprehensive EMBASE and MEDLINE search of original studies examining adverse effects of HCQ treatment related to psoriasis was conducted. Participant demographics, and details of HCQ administration and psoriasis diagnosis were extracted from 15 articles representing 18 patients. Females accounted for a significantly larger number of psoriatic cases compared to males and unreported sex (n=14, 77.8% vs. n=2, 11.1% vs n=2, 11.1% respectively). Additionally, 50% (n=9) of the cases did not have a history of psoriasis prior to taking HCQ. Of the 18 patients, 50.0% (n=9) experienced de novo psoriasis, 27.8% (n=5) experienced exacerbation of psoriatic symptoms and 22.2% (n=4) had a relapse of psoriasis after HCQ administration. HCQ treatment may result in induction, exacerbation, or relapse of psoriasis. Monitoring for adverse effects of HCQ treatment is necessary, and clinical trials are essential in characterizing the safety profile of HCQ use in patients with a COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32196387, "pmcid": "PMC7194315", "title": "Strategies to Inform Allocation of Stockpiled Ventilators to Healthcare Facilities During a Pandemic.", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Koonin, Lisa M", "Pillai, Satish", "Kahn, Emily B", "Moulia, Danielle", "Patel, Anita"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196387", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During a severe pandemic, especially one causing respiratory illness, many people may require mechanical ventilation. Depending on the extent of the outbreak, there may be insufficient capacity to provide ventilator support to all of those in need. As part of a larger conceptual framework for determining need for and allocation of ventilators during a public health emergency, this article focuses on the strategies to assist state and local planners to allocate stockpiled ventilators to healthcare facilities during a pandemic, accounting for critical factors in facilities' ability to make use of additional ventilators. These strategies include actions both in the pre-pandemic and intra-pandemic stages. As a part of pandemic preparedness, public health officials should identify and query healthcare facilities in their jurisdiction that currently care for critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation to determine existing inventory of these devices and facilities' ability to absorb additional ventilators. Facilities must have sufficient staff, space, equipment, and supplies to utilize allocated ventilators adequately. At the time of an event, jurisdictions will need to verify and update information on facilities' capacity prior to making allocation decisions. Allocation of scarce life-saving resources during a pandemic should consider ethical principles to inform state and local plans for allocation of ventilators. In addition to ethical principles, decisions should be informed by assessment of need, determination of facilities' ability to use additional ventilators, and facilities' capacity to ensure access to ventilators for vulnerable populations (eg, rural, inner city, and uninsured and underinsured individuals) or high-risk populations that may be more susceptible to illness."}, {"pmid": 32152010, "title": "Covid-19: out-of-hours providers are drafted in to manage non-urgent patients in community.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152010", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467617, "title": "Serum IgA, IgM, and IgG responses in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Ma, Huan", "Zeng, Weihong", "He, Hongliang", "Zhao, Dan", "Jiang, Dehua", "Zhou, Peigen", "Cheng, Linzhao", "Li, Yajuan", "Ma, Xiaoling", "Jin, Tengchuan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467617", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394889, "title": "Spontaneous reporting of onset of disturbing dreams and nightmares related to early life traumatic experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic by patients with posttraumatic stress disorder in remission.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Gupta, Madhulika A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394889", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441380, "title": "Nonserologic test for COVID-19: How to manage?", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Torretta, Sara", "Zuccotti, Gianvincenzo", "Cristofaro, Valentina", "Ettori, Jacopo", "Solimeno, Lorenzo", "Battilocchi, Ludovica", "D'Onghia, Alessandra", "Pignataro, Lorenzo", "Capaccio, Pasquale"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441380", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diagnosis of Severe Acute Respiratory Coranavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is currently based on real-time PCR (RT-PCR) performed on either nasopharyngeal (NPS) or oropharyngeal (OPS) swabs; saliva specimen collection can be used, too. Diagnostic accuracy of these procedures is suboptimal, and some procedural mistakes may account for it. The video shows how to properly collect secretions from the upper airways for nonserologic diagnosis of COVID-19 by nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), oropharyngeal swab (OPS), and deep saliva collection after throat-cleaning maneuver, all performed under videoendoscopic view by a trained ENT examiner. We recommend to perform NPS after elevation of the tip of the nose in order to reduce the risk of contamination from the nasal vestible, and to let it flow over the floor of the nasal cavity in parallel to the hard palate in order to reach the nasopharynx. Then the tip of the swab should be left in place for few seconds, and then rotated in order to achieve the largest absorption of nasopharyngeal secretions. Regards OPS, gentle anterior tongue depression should be used to avoid swab contamination from the oral cavity during collection of secretions from the posterior pharyngeal wall. These procedural tricks would enhance diagnostic reliability."}, {"pmid": 32275497, "title": "Aerosol and Surface Distribution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Hospital Wards, Wuhan, China, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Guo, Zhen-Dong", "Wang, Zhong-Yi", "Zhang, Shou-Feng", "Li, Xiao", "Li, Lin", "Li, Chao", "Cui, Yan", "Fu, Rui-Bin", "Dong, Yun-Zhu", "Chi, Xiang-Yang", "Zhang, Meng-Yao", "Liu, Kun", "Cao, Cheng", "Liu, Bin", "Zhang, Ke", "Gao, Yu-Wei", "Lu, Bing", "Chen, Wei"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275497", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in hospital wards in Wuhan, China, we tested air and surface samples. Contamination was greater in intensive care units than general wards. Virus was widely distributed on floors, computer mice, trash cans, and sickbed handrails and was detected in air \u22484 m from patients."}, {"pmid": 32116147, "title": "Coronavirus disinfection in histopathology.", "journal": "J Histotechnol", "authors": ["Henwood, Anthony F"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32116147", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 Coronavirus epidemic, provisionally called 2019-nCoV, was first identified in Wuhan, China, in persons exposed to a seafood or wet market. There is an international push to contain the virus and prevent its spread. It is feasible that potentially infectious samples may be received in histopathology laboratories for diagnosis. This technical note presents disinfection procedures and histotechnology processes that should alleviate the risk of infection to laboratory staff. Using data obtained from similar coronaviruses, e.g. severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), experts are confident that 70% ethanol and 0.1% sodium hypochlorite should inactivate the virus. Formalin fixation and heating samples to 56oC, as used in routine tissue processing, were found to inactivate several coronaviruses and it is believed that 2019-nCoV would be similarly affected."}, {"pmid": 32501303, "pmcid": "PMC7241356", "title": "Employee adjustment and well-being in the era of COVID-19: Implications for human resource management.", "journal": "J Bus Res", "authors": ["Carnevale, Joel B", "Hatak, Isabella"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Today's organizations have to remain alert and adaptive to unforeseen events, such as external crises, which create increased uncertainty among their workforce and pose immediate threats to the organizations' performance and viability. However, with the recent COVID-19 pandemic, organizations suddenly have to navigate the unprecedented and thereby find new solutions to challenges arising across many areas of their operations. In this article, we discusses some of these challenges, focusing on the implications COVID-19 has for human resource management (HRM) as organizations help their workforce cope with and adjust to their newly altered work environment. In addition, we propose several avenues for future research and advocate for an integrated research agenda for tackling the challenges discussed."}, {"pmid": 32023687, "title": "[Pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines in the principle of 4S for patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, F", "Liu, N", "Wu, J Y", "Hu, L L", "Su, G S", "Zheng, N S"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023687", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent epidemic of pneumonia cases in Wuhan China was caused by a novel coronavirus with strong infectivity, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The article provides the pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) methods in the principle of 4S (simple, safe, satisfy, save) for patients with pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus, shows how to establish a ventilative and convectional PR environment to prevent the spread of virus through droplets, how to guide the patients to carry out PR, how to carry out respiratory muscle training, effective cough, expectoration, sneeze, general exercise, digestive function rehabilitation and psychological rehabilitation, and how to clean and disinfect the PR environment."}, {"pmid": 32367648, "pmcid": "PMC7267449", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 variants: Relevance for symptom granularity, epidemiology, immunity (herd, vaccines), virus origin and containment?", "journal": "Environ Microbiol", "authors": ["Danchin, Antoine", "Timmis, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367648", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The origin of the SARS-CoV-2 virus remains enigmatic. It is likely to be a continuum resulting from inevitable mutations and recombination events. These genetic changes keep developing in the present epidemic. Mutations tending to deplete the genome in its cytosine content will progressively lead to attenuation as a consequence of Muller's ratchet, but this is counteracted by recombination when different mutants co-infect the same host, in particular, in clusters of infection. Monitoring as a function of time the genome sequences in closely related cases is critical to anticipate the future of SARS-CoV-2 and hence of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32503382, "title": "Biomarkers associated with COVID-19 disease progression.", "journal": "Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci", "authors": ["Ponti, Giovanni", "Maccaferri, Monia", "Ruini, Cristel", "Tomasi, Aldo", "Ozben, Tomris"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503382", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a scientific, medical, and social challenge. The complexity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is centered on the unpredictable clinical course of the disease that can rapidly develop, causing severe and deadly complications. The identification of effective laboratory biomarkers able to classify patients based on their risk is imperative in being able to guarantee prompt treatment. The analysis of recently published studies highlights the role of systemic vasculitis and cytokine mediated coagulation disorders as the principal actors of multi organ failure in patients with severe COVID-19 complications. The following biomarkers have been identified: hematological (lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)), inflammatory (C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), procalcitonin (PCT)), immunological (interleukin (IL)-6 and biochemical (D-dimer, troponin, creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), especially those related to coagulation cascades in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). New laboratory biomarkers could be identified through the accurate analysis of multicentric case series; in particular, homocysteine and angiotensin II could play a significant role."}, {"pmid": 32435823, "pmcid": "PMC7237619", "title": "Prothrombotic phenotype in COVID-19 severe patients.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Helms, Julie", "Severac, Francois", "Merdji, Hamid", "Angles-Cano, Eduardo", "Meziani, Ferhat"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435823", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502614, "pmcid": "PMC7266575", "title": "Cautious handling of urine from moderate to severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Nomoto, Hidetoshi", "Ishikane, Masahiro", "Katagiri, Daisuke", "Kinoshita, Noriko", "Nagashima, Mami", "Sadamasu, Kenji", "Yoshimura, Kazuhisa", "Ohmagari, Norio"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502614", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514192, "pmcid": "PMC7265947", "title": "Simulation of the effects of COVID-19 testing rates on hospitalizations.", "journal": "Bull World Health Organ", "authors": ["Sousa-Pinto, Bernardo", "Fonseca, Joao Almeida", "Oliveira, Bruno", "Cruz-Correia, Ricardo", "Rodrigues, Pedro Pereira", "Costa-Pereira, Altamiro", "Rocha-Goncalves, Francisco Nuno"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514192", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412931, "pmcid": "PMC7273937", "title": "Optimizing Medication Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder During COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "J Addict Med", "authors": ["Leppla, Idris E", "Gross, Marielle S"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412931", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": The COVID-19 health crisis joined, rather than supplanted, the opioid crisis as the most acutely pressing threats to US public health. In the setting of COVID-19, opioid use disorder treatment paradigms are being disrupted, including the fact that methadone clinics are scrambling to give \"take-home\" doses where they would typically not. The rapid transition away from in-person examination, dosing and group therapy in an era of social isolation calls for adjustments to clinical practice, including emphasizing patient-provider communication, favoring new inductees on buprenorphine and leveraging technology to optimize safety of medication treatment."}, {"pmid": 32324934, "pmcid": "PMC7264621", "title": "Online faculty development using cognitive apprenticeship in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Eltayar, Ayat Nabil", "Eldesoky, Noha Ibrahim", "Khalifa, Hoda", "Rashed, Soha"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324934", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223716, "title": "Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 Disease.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Jamil, Shazia", "Mark, Nick", "Carlos, Graham", "Cruz, Charles S Dela", "Gross, Jane E", "Pasnick, Susan"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223716", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380868, "title": "Development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: should we focus on mucosal immunity?", "journal": "Expert Opin Biol Ther", "authors": ["Moreno-Fierros, Leticia", "Garcia-Silva, Ileana", "Rosales-Mendoza, Sergio"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380868", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484930, "title": "''Tociluzumab challenge: A series of cytokine storm therapy experience in hospitalized Covid-19 pneumonia patients''.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Borku Uysal, Betul", "Ikitimur, Hande", "Yavuzer, Serap", "Ikitimur, Baris", "Uysal, Harun", "Islamoglu, Mehmet Sami", "Ozcan, Erkan", "Aktepe, Emre", "Yavuzer, Hakan", "Cengiz, Mahir"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484930", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To recognize the period of exaggerated cytokine response in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, and to describe the clinical outcomes of using tocilizumab as a treatment option. The data of 12 adult COVID-19 pneumonia patients who were followed in the inpatient clinics of Biruni University Medical Faculty Hospital (Istanbul, Turkey) were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnostic tests, laboratory examinations, clinical findings and computed tomography of the thorax imaging results were evaluated. A dramatic laboratory and clinical improvement was observed in 83% (10/12) of patients after tocilizumab. In 17% (2/12) of our patients, short-term ventilator support was required in the intensive care unit. The longest hospital stay was 18 days. However, in the end, all of our patients were discharged home with health. While arterial oxygen saturations (87.58\u00b13.12%) dropped in room air in the pre-tocilizumab period, post-tocilizumab they normalized in all patients (94.42\u00b11%). None of them had fever after tocilizumab treatment and the levels of c-reactive protein (13.08\u00b112.89) were almost within normal limits. Eosinophil values were quite low at the time of diagnosis (10\u00b117.06), but increased significantly post-tocilizumab (155.33\u00b1192.69). There is currently no proven treatment for COVID-19 induced by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Based on our experience with twelve adult COVID-19 pneumonia patients, we can say that tocilizumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, is more beneficial in preventing the damage caused by excessive cytokine response in the body if administered at the right time and provides clinical and radiological recovery. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32442557, "pmcid": "PMC7236722", "title": "Lack of type 1 diabetes involvement in SARS-COV-2 population: Only a particular coincidence?", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Pitocco, Dario", "Tartaglione, Linda", "Viti, Luca", "Di Leo, Mauro", "Manto, Andrea", "Caputo, Salvatore", "Pontecorvi, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442557", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406507, "pmcid": "PMC7239109", "title": "Changes in the work mode of cardiologists during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Cheng, Xiang", "Ma, Changsheng", "Han, Yaling"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406507", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202260, "title": "COVID-19: Impact on health of people & wealth of nations.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Tandon, Prakash N"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202260", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275775, "title": "Management of ovarian cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Mandato, Vincenzo Dario", "Aguzzoli, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275775", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344306, "pmcid": "PMC7175881", "title": "Is Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) seen less in countries more exposed to Malaria?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Sargin, Gokhan", "Yavasoglu, Sare Ilknur", "Yavasoglu, Irfan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344306", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32290754, "pmcid": "PMC7161588", "title": "Do checkpoint inhibitors compromise the cancer patients' immunity and increase the vulnerability to COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "Immunotherapy", "authors": ["Kattan, Joseph", "Kattan, Clarisse", "Assi, Tarek"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290754", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) has been declared a pandemic by the WHO that claimed the lives of thousands of people within a few months. Cancer patients represent a vulnerable population due to the acquired immunodeficiency associated with anti-cancer therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have largely impacted the prognosis of a multitude of malignancies with significant improvement in survival outcomes and a different, tolerable toxicity profile. In this paper, we assess the safety of ICI administration in cancer patients during the coronavirus pandemic in order to guide the usage of these highly efficacious agents."}, {"pmid": 32467379, "title": "The search for a COVID-19 animal model.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Lakdawala, Seema S", "Menachery, Vineet D"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467379", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315282, "title": "Estimation of Coronavirus Disease Case-Fatality Risk in Real Time.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ge, Yang", "Sun, Shengzhi"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315282", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We ran a simulation comparing 3 methods to calculate case-fatality risk for coronavirus disease using parameters described in previous studies. Case-fatality risk calculated from these methods all are biased at the early stage of the epidemic. When comparing real-time case-fatality risk, the current trajectory of the epidemic should be considered."}, {"pmid": 32430429, "title": "Serology characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection since exposure and post symptom onset.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Lou, Bin", "Li, Ting-Dong", "Zheng, Shu-Fa", "Su, Ying-Ying", "Li, Zhi-Yong", "Liu, Wei", "Yu, Fei", "Ge, Sheng-Xiang", "Zou, Qian-Da", "Yuan, Quan", "Lin, Sha", "Hong, Cong-Ming", "Yao, Xiang-Yang", "Zhang, Xue-Jie", "Wu, Ding-Hui", "Zhou, Guo-Liang", "Hou, Wang-Heng", "Li, Ting-Ting", "Zhang, Ya-Li", "Zhang, Shi-Yin", "Fan, Jian", "Zhang, Jun", "Xia, Ning-Shao", "Chen, Yu"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430429", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Timely diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is a prerequisite for treatment and prevention. The serology characteristics and complement diagnosis value of the antibody test to RNA test need to be demonstrated. Serial sera of 80 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were collected at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China. Total antibody (Ab), IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected, and the antibody dynamics during the infection were described. The seroconversion rates for Ab, IgM and IgG were 98.8%, 93.8% and 93.8%, respectively. The first detectible serology marker was Ab, followed by IgM and IgG, with a median seroconversion time of 15, 18 and 20\u2005days post exposure (d.p.e) or 9, 10 and 12\u2005days post onset (d.p.o), respectively. The antibody levels increased rapidly beginning at 6\u2005d.p.o. and were accompanied by a decline in viral load. For patients in the early stage of illness (0-7\u2005d.p.o), Ab showed the highest sensitivity (64.1%) compared to IgM and IgG (33.3% for both, p<0.001). The sensitivities of Ab, IgM and IgG increased to 100%, 96.7% and 93.3% 2\u2005weeks later, respectively. When the same antibody type was detected, no significant difference was observed between enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and other forms of immunoassays. A typical acute antibody response is induced during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serology testing provides an important complement to RNA testing in the later stages of illness for pathogenic specific diagnosis and helpful information to evaluate the adapted immunity status of patients."}, {"pmid": 32386015, "title": "Multistage CT features of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Zhong, Zheng", "Hu, Ying", "Yu, Qizhi", "Li, Yuxin", "Li, Peng", "Huang, Wei", "Liu, Jingui", "Liu, Jun", "Xie, Xingzhi", "Zhao, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386015", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in different stages, and to provide foundations for early diagnosis and treatment. CT image data of 187 COVID-19 patients were analyzed in the period of hospitalization. CT scanning was performed on admission and repeated every 3 days. The improvement time of clinical symptoms and the image changes of follow-up CT were statistically analyzed. All 187 patients' nucleic acid test were positive to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The early CT images of lung in 187 cases (100%) showed multiple patchy and ground-glass opacities with fine mesh and consolidation shade, which mainly distributed in pulmonary band or under the pleura. In the progressive stage, the pulmonary lesions in 146 cases (78.1%) were mainly consolidation, accompanied by air bronchogram, thickening of blood vessels, and interstitial changes. Severe pulmonary CT images in 15 cases (8%) showed diffuse lesions in both lungs, displaying consolidation, or \"white lung\". The CT imaging features in 185 cases (98.9%) at the absorptive period showed that the lesions diminished and fibrogenesis. The imaging features of 6 times of lung CT examination in one case showed continuous progress. The original lesion in one case was obviously absorbed, but new lesions appeared under the pleura of both lungs at the third review of CT scanning. The changes of CT imaging lesions during follow-up were significantly different in different clinical symptoms improvement time (P< 0.01). Images of COVID-19 in various stages have special characteristics. The change of clinical symptoms is synchronous with the change of reexamination CT. Follow-up CT can reflect the trend of clinical changes. Repeat CT examination plays an important role in the early clinical diagnosis and the evaluation for the therapeutic effect on COVID-19 patient."}, {"pmid": 32114054, "pmcid": "PMC7134413", "title": "COVID-19 in medical personnel: observation from Thailand.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Joob, B", "Wiwanitkit, V"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114054", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493311, "pmcid": "PMC7268580", "title": "Heterogenous COVID-19 transmission dynamics within Singapore: a clearer picture of future national responses.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Bagdasarian, N", "Fisher, D"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493311", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32248871, "pmcid": "PMC7170811", "title": "The Twitter pandemic: The critical role of Twitter in the dissemination of medical information and misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Rosenberg, Hans", "Syed, Shahbaz", "Rezaie, Salim"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248871", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393593, "title": "Recognition and management of respiratory coinfection and secondary bacterial pneumonia in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Wu, Chao-Ping", "Adhi, Fatima", "Highland, Kristin"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393593", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pathophysiology of COVID-19 is not fully known. Respiratory infection caused by more than one viral pathogen (viral co-infection) or both viral and bacterial pathogens (combined viral and bacterial pneumonia) have been described. Secondary bacterial pneumonia can follow the initial phase of viral respiratory infection or occur during the recovery phase. No obvious pattern or guidelines exist for viral coinfection, combined viral and bacterial pneumonia, or secondary bacterial pneumonia in the context of SARS-CoV-2. Based on existing clinical data and experience with similar viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV, the management approach in the context of COVID-19 should, ideally, take into consideration the overall presentation as well as the trajectory of illness."}, {"pmid": 32471774, "pmcid": "PMC7250109", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: Naso-bronchial cytological correlations.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Gelardi, Matteo", "Notargiacomo, Mario", "Trecca, Eleonora M C", "Cassano, Michele"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471774", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388083, "pmcid": "PMC7194841", "title": "Operative team checklist for aerosol generating procedures to minimise exposure of healthcare workers to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Soma, Marlene", "Jacobson, Ian", "Brewer, Jessica", "Blondin, Angela", "Davidson, Gretel", "Singham, Shamani"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In many countries around the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in health services being diverted to manage patients with the condition. There are situations however that still require the undertaking of aerosol generating procedures (AGP) with potentially high exposure of healthcare workers to SARS-CoV-2 transmission through droplet, contact and possibly airborne routes. The objective of this paper is to explore a structured way for the operative team to approach AGP to reduce aerosolisation of secretions, decrease open airway time and minimise staff exposure. The authors (otolaryngologists, anaesthetists and nursing staff) created a unified operative team checklist based on collation of national and international specialty society statements, local state government recommendations, hospital policies and literature review. Simulation was undertaken and the checklist was refined after performing AGP on patients with unknown (presumed positive) COVID-19 status. An 8 step operative team checklist is provided describing details for the immediate pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative journey of the patient to encourage healthcare workers to reflect upon and modify usual practice during AGP to mitigate exposure to SARS-CoV-2. The example of paediatric laryngo-bronchoscopy for diagnostic purposes or retrieval of an inhaled airway foreign body is used to illustrate the steps however the checklist structure is modifiable for other AGP and adaptable for local needs. At a time of overwhelming and changing information and recommendations, an operative team checklist may provide some structure to healthcare workers undertaking AGP to reduce anxiety, maintain focus, prompt consideration of alternatives and potentially reduce risk."}, {"pmid": 32267483, "title": "Sudden and Complete Olfactory Loss Function as a Possible Symptom of COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Eliezer, Michael", "Hautefort, Charlotte", "Hamel, Anne-Laure", "Verillaud, Benjamin", "Herman, Philippe", "Houdart, Emmanuel", "Eloit, Corinne"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267483", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390405, "title": "COVID-19 Viral Load of an Infected Family in China.", "journal": "Clin Lab", "authors": ["Wang, Daming", "Song, Chunli", "Zhou, Yiwen", "Xu, Kaiyuan", "Zhou, Zhuoyang", "Ge, Liu", "Zhang, Yuchi"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390405", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408723, "title": "Conducting Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic: How Scientific Community Should be Prepared?", "journal": "Neurospine", "authors": ["Zeng, Xiang"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408723", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482367, "pmcid": "PMC7247483", "title": "Fungal antigenemia in patients with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The facts and challenges.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lei, Yake", "Song, Yinggai", "Shu, Yilin", "Zhao, Youyun", "Huo, Xixiang", "Wang, He", "Zeng, Yingchun", "Yu, Xiao", "Li, Xiang", "Ye, Guojun", "Fang, Bin", "Han, Shi", "Li, Ruoyu", "Liu, Linlin"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482367", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421497, "pmcid": "PMC7234721", "title": "Humanism in the Age of COVID-19: Renewing Focus on Communication and Compassion.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Sonis, Jonathan D", "Kennedy, Maura", "Aaronson, Emily L", "Baugh, Joshua J", "Raja, Ali S", "Yun, Bryan J", "White, Benjamin A"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421497", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the largest clinical and operational challenges faced by emergency medicine, and our EDs continue to see increased volumes of infected patients, many of whom are not only ill, but acutely aware and fearful of their circumstances and potential mortality. Given this, there may be no more important time to focus on staff-patient communication and expression of compassion.\nHowever, many of the techniques usually employed by emergency clinicians to provide comfort to patients and their families are made more challenging or impossible by the current circumstances. Geriatric ED patients, who are at increased risk of severe disease, are particularly vulnerable to the effects of isolation.\nDespite many challenges, emergency clinicians have at their disposal a myriad of tools that can still be used to express compassion and empathy to their patients. Placing emphasis on using these techniques to maximize humanism in the care of COVID-19 patients during this crisis has the potential to bring improvements to ED patient care well after this pandemic has passed."}, {"pmid": 32277379, "pmcid": "PMC7148000", "title": "May we deliver neuro-oncology in difficult times (e.g. COVID-19)?", "journal": "J Neurooncol", "authors": ["Perin, Alessandro", "Servadei, Franco", "DiMeco, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277379", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368550, "pmcid": "PMC7190958", "title": "Pulmonary contusion mimicking COVID-19: A case report.", "journal": "World J Clin Cases", "authors": ["Chen, Li-Ru", "Chen, Zheng-Xin", "Liu, Yang-Chun", "Peng, Lei", "Zhang, Ye", "Xu, Quan", "Lin, Qing", "Tao, Yun-Ming", "Wu, Hao", "Yin, Sui", "Hu, Ye-Ji"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368550", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major public health emergency with obvious characteristics of human-to-human transmission, and there are infective asymptomatic carriers. Early identification and proper management of patients with COVID-19 are important. Features in chest computed tomography (CT) can facilitate identifying newly infected individuals. However, CT findings of some lung contusions are similar to those of COVID-19, as shown in the present case. A 46-year-old woman was admitted to hospital for backache and foot pain caused by a fall injury 1 d before hospitalization. She was suspected of having COVID-19, since there was a confirmed COVID-19 case near her residence. But she had no fever, cough, chest tightness, difficult breathing, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, etc. On physical examination, the lower posterior chest of both sides showed dullness on percussion and moist rales at the end of inspiration on auscultation. The white blood cell count and lymphocyte count were 10.88 \u00d7 109/L and 1.04 \u00d7 109/L, respectively. CT performed on February 7, 2020 revealed that both lungs were scattered with patchy ground-glass opacity. The patient was diagnosed with pulmonary contusion with thoracic spinal fracture (T12), calcaneal fracture, and pelvic fracture. On day 9 after conservative treatment, her condition was alleviated. On review of the chest CT, the previous shadows were significantly reduced. Differential diagnosis of lung contusion and COVID-19 must be emphasized. Both conditions require effective prompt actions, especially COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32339251, "pmcid": "PMC7267452", "title": "The importance of hypertension as a risk factor for severe illness and mortality in COVID-19.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Cook, T M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339251", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435065, "pmcid": "PMC7234827", "title": "SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Evidence-Based Recommendations on Diagnosis and Therapy.", "journal": "Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd", "authors": ["Bein, Berthold", "Bachmann, Martin", "Huggett, Susanne", "Wegermann, Petra"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435065", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, a new viral disease affecting primarily the respiratory system and the lung, has caused a pandemic posing serious challenges to healthcare systems around the world. In about 20% of patients, severe symptoms occur after a mean incubation period of 5\u200a-\u200a6 days; 5% of patients need intensive care therapy. Mortality is about 1\u200a-\u200a2%. Protecting healthcare workers is of paramount importance in order to prevent hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, during all procedures associated with aerosol production, personal protective equipment consisting of a FFP2/FFP3 (N95) respiratory mask, gloves, safety glasses and a waterproof overall should be used. Therapy is based on established recommendations issued for patients with acute lung injury (ARDS). Lung protective ventilation, prone position, restrictive fluid management and adequate management of organ failure are the mainstays of therapy. In case of fulminant lung failure, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be used as a rescue in experienced centres. New, experimental therapies are evolving with ever increasing frequency; currently, however, no evidence-based recommendation is possible. If off-label and compassionate use of these drugs is considered, an individual benefit-risk assessment is necessary, since serious side effects have been reported."}, {"pmid": 32467096, "title": "Clinicopathological characteristics of 8697 patients with COVID-19 in China: meta-analysis.", "journal": "Fam Med Community Health", "authors": ["Khan, Moien A B", "Soteriades, Elpidoforos", "Al Falasi, Reem Juma", "Saleem, Adeel"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467096", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500556, "title": "Doubtful precipitation of hemolysis by hydroxychloroquine in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient patient with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Eur J Haematol", "authors": ["Afra, T P", "Nampoothiri, Ram Vasudevan", "Razmi T, Muhammed"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500556", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with great interest the recent article by Beauverd et al.1 on an interesting case of severe hemolysis in a patient with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine. The authors concluded that COVID-19 infection was possibly the initial trigger for hemolysis. However, the article also suggested that hydroxychloroquine possibly worsened the hemolysis, and further cautioned the use of hydroxychloroquine in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient patients. We would like to comment on the authors' attribution of accentuated hemolysis to the use of hydroxychloroquine."}, {"pmid": 32504802, "pmcid": "PMC7271859", "title": "Optimizing high-yield production of SARS-CoV-2 soluble spike trimers for serology assays.", "journal": "Protein Expr Purif", "authors": ["Esposito, Dominic", "Mehalko, Jennifer", "Drew, Matthew", "Snead, Kelly", "Wall, Vanessa", "Taylor, Troy", "Frank, Peter", "Denson, John-Paul", "Hong, Min", "Gulten, Gulcin", "Sadtler, Kaitlyn", "Messing, Simon", "Gillette, William"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504802", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer is the primary antigen for several serology assays critical to determining the extent of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the population. Until stable cell lines are developed to increase the titer of this secreted protein in mammalian cell culture, the low yield of spike protein produced from transient transfection of HEK293\u00a0cells will be a limiting factor for these assays. To improve the yield of spike protein and support the high demand for antigens in serology assays, we investigated several recombinant protein expression variables by altering the incubation temperature, harvest time, chromatography strategy, and final protein manipulation. Through this investigation, we developed a simplified and robust purification strategy that consistently yields 5\u00a0mg of protein per liter of expression culture for two commonly used forms of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We show that these proteins form well-behaved stable trimers and are consistently functional in serology assays across multiple protein production lots."}, {"pmid": 32513055, "title": "Comment on \"The Prevalence of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis\".", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Lovato, Andrea", "Antonini, Angelo", "de Filippis, Cosimo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513055", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245784, "pmcid": "PMC7164391", "title": "A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Yuan, Meng", "Wu, Nicholas C", "Zhu, Xueyong", "Lee, Chang-Chun D", "So, Ray T Y", "Lv, Huibin", "Mok, Chris K P", "Wilson, Ian A"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245784", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now become a pandemic, but there is currently very little understanding of the antigenicity of the virus. We therefore determined the crystal structure of CR3022, a neutralizing antibody previously isolated from a convalescent SARS patient, in complex with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein at 3.1-angstrom resolution. CR3022 targets a highly conserved epitope, distal from the receptor binding site, that enables cross-reactive binding between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Structural modeling further demonstrates that the binding epitope can only be accessed by CR3022 when at least two RBDs on the trimeric S protein are in the \"up\" conformation and slightly rotated. These results provide molecular insights into antibody recognition of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32287795, "pmcid": "PMC7130703", "title": "African nations step up efforts to prevent spread of coronavirus.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287795", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458250, "pmcid": "PMC7249978", "title": "Keep \"time is brain,\" even in the crisis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Kwon, Doo Hyuk", "Kim, Keun Tae"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480419, "title": "Conquest of COVID-19. Publish it to Death?", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Gale, Robert Peter"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480419", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some diseases can be cured by medical interventions, others not. When not, are there other approaches to control or cure? One possibility is to try to publish a disease to death, a therapy strategy first proposed by my late colleague Prof. David Golde from UCLA (see below). Here I consider whether this strategy is working in the fight against severe acute respiratory syndrome-cornavirsu-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and the associated coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32208983, "title": "All Feet On Deck-The Role of Podiatry During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preventing hospitalizations in an overburdened healthcare system, reducing amputation and death in people with diabetes.", "journal": "J Am Podiatr Med Assoc", "authors": ["Rogers, Lee C", "Lavery, Lawrence A", "Joseph, Warren S", "Armstrong, David G"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208983", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is driving significant change in the healthcare system and disrupting the best practices for diabetic limb preservation, leaving large numbers of patients without care. Patients with diabetes and foot ulcers are at increased risk for infections, hospitalization, amputations, and death. Podiatric care is associated with fewer diabetes-related amputations, ER visits, hospitalizations, length-of-stay, and costs. But podiatrists must mobilize and adopt the new paradigm of shifts away from hospital care to community-based care. Implementing the proposed Pandemic Diabetic Foot Triage System, in-home visits, higher acuity office visits, telemedicine, and remote patient monitoring can help podiatrists manage patients while reducing the COVID-19 risk. The goal of podiatrists during the pandemic is to reduce the burden on the healthcare system by keeping diabetic foot and wound patients safe, functional, and at home."}, {"pmid": 32444412, "pmcid": "PMC7243395", "title": "A Fully Automatic Deep Learning System for COVID-19 Diagnostic and Prognostic Analysis.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Wang, Shuo", "Zha, Yunfei", "Li, Weimin", "Wu, Qingxia", "Li, Xiaohu", "Niu, Meng", "Wang, Meiyun", "Qiu, Xiaoming", "Li, Hongjun", "Yu, He", "Gong, Wei", "Bai, Yan", "Li, Li", "Zhu, Yongbei", "Wang, Liusu", "Tian, Jie"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444412", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally, and medical resources become insufficient in many regions. Fast diagnosis of COVID-19, and finding high-risk patients with worse prognosis for early prevention and medical resources optimisation is important. Here, we proposed a fully automatic deep learning system for COVID-19 diagnostic and prognostic analysis by routinely used computed tomography.We retrospectively collected 5372 patients with computed tomography images from 7 cities or provinces. Firstly, 4106 patients with computed tomography images were used to pre-train the DL system, making it learn lung features. Afterwards, 1266 patients (924 with COVID-19, and 471 had follow-up for 5+ days; 342 with other pneumonia) from 6 cities or provinces were enrolled to train and externally validate the performance of the deep learning system.In the 4 external validation sets, the deep learning system achieved good performance in identifying COVID-19 from other pneumonia (AUC=0.87 and 0.88) and viral pneumonia (AUC=0.86). Moreover, the deep learning system succeeded to stratify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups whose hospital-stay time have significant difference (p=0.013 and 0.014). Without human-assistance, the deep learning system automatically focused on abnormal areas that showed consistent characteristics with reported radiological findings.Deep learning provides a convenient tool for fast screening COVID-19 and finding potential high-risk patients, which may be helpful for medical resource optimisation and early prevention before patients show severe symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32492456, "pmcid": "PMC7261428", "title": "Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation should not be performed on confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Kandori, Kenji", "Narumiya, Hiromichi", "Iizuka, Ryoji"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492456", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324360, "title": "Importance of the imaging techniques in the management of COVID-19-infected patients", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Lovas, Andras", "Hankovszky, Peter", "Korsos, Anita", "Kupcsulik, Szilvia", "Molnar, Tamas", "Szabo, Zsolt", "Babik, Barna"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324360", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Critical-care physicians are facing a challenging process in healthcare due to the overwhelming case number of hypoxic respiratory failure patients. Pneumonia has an utmost importance in the primary pathomechanism of the development of critical illness in the COVID-19 patients. Thus, imaging techniques are situated in the frontline to aim the diagnostic decision-making, to follow up the progress and to evaluate the possible complications. Reviewing the available literature, so far the common chest CT, chest X-ray and chest wall ultrasound features are presented, and recommendations are pronounced for the indications of the different modalities. At the initial phase, the atypical presentations of the virus infection are multiplex, peripheral ground glass opacities situated in the right lower lobe of the lung evolving rapidly into a bilateral involvement of the middle and basal zones. Along with the progression, the ratio of the consolidation is increasing subsequently deteriorating into fibrosis with reticular pattern. Chest ultrasound performed at the bedside has a paramount importance to reduce the possible number of health-care worker contacts in consequence of the strict and special infection control orders established on account of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemia. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 672\u2013677."}, {"pmid": 32325767, "pmcid": "PMC7215413", "title": "COVID-19 Drug Discovery Using Intensive Approaches.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Asai, Ayumu", "Konno, Masamitsu", "Ozaki, Miyuki", "Otsuka, Chihiro", "Vecchione, Andrea", "Arai, Takahiro", "Kitagawa, Toru", "Ofusa, Ken", "Yabumoto, Masami", "Hirotsu, Takaaki", "Taniguchi, Masateru", "Eguchi, Hidetoshi", "Doki, Yuichiro", "Ishii, Hideshi"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325767", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in China during December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread on a global scale, causing the World Health Organization (WHO) to issue a warning. While novel vaccines and drugs that target SARS-CoV-2 are under development, this review provides information on therapeutics which are under clinical trials or are proposed to antagonize SARS-CoV-2. Based on the information gained from the responses to other RNA coronaviruses, including the strains that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronaviruses and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), drug repurposing might be a viable strategy. Since several antiviral therapies can inhibit viral replication cycles or relieve symptoms, mechanisms unique to RNA viruses will be important for the clinical development of antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Given that several currently marketed drugs may be efficient therapeutic agents for severe COVID-19 cases, they may be beneficial for future viral pandemics and other infections caused by RNA viruses when standard treatments are unavailable."}, {"pmid": 32389754, "pmcid": "PMC7204716", "title": "RILI model and the Covid-19 pneumonia: The radiation oncologist point of view.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Lazzari, Grazia", "Silvano, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389754", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529575, "pmcid": "PMC7288253", "title": "Clinical manifestations and evidence of neurological involvement in 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Wang, Lei", "Shen, Yin", "Li, Man", "Chuang, Haoyu", "Ye, Youfan", "Zhao, Hongyang", "Wang, Haijun"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529575", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, affecting millions of people. However, clinical research on its neurological manifestations is thus far limited. In this study, we aimed to systematically collect and investigate the clinical manifestations and evidence of neurological involvement in COVID-19. Three medical (Medline, Embase, and Scopus) and two preprints (BioRxiv and MedRxiv) databases were systematically searched for all published articles on neurological involvement in COVID-19 since the outbreak. All included studies were systematically reviewed, and selected clinical data were collected for meta-analysis via random-effects. A total of 41 articles were eligible and included in this review, showing a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations in COVID-19. The meta-analysis for unspecific neurological symptoms revealed that the most common manifestations were fatigue (33.2% [23.1-43.3]), anorexia (30.0% [23.2-36.9]), dyspnea/shortness of breath (26.9% [19.2-34.6]), and malaise (26.7% [13.3-40.1]). The common specific neurological symptoms included olfactory (35.7-85.6%) and gustatory (33.3-88.8%) disorders, especially in mild cases. Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and acute inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges were repeatedly reported after COVID-19. Laboratory, electrophysiological, radiological, and pathological evidence supported neurologic involvement of COVID-19. Neurological manifestations are various and prevalent in COVID-19. Emerging clinical evidence suggests neurological involvement is an important aspect of the disease. The underlying mechanisms can include both direct invasion and maladaptive inflammatory responses. More studies should be conducted to explore the role of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 progression and to verify their underlying mechanisms."}, {"pmid": 32348042, "title": "[SARS-CoV-2 infection and solid organ transplantation].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Golshayan, Dela", "Aubert, John-David", "Hullin, Roger", "Moradpour, Darius", "Venetz, Jean-Pierre", "Manuel, Oriol", "Pascual, Manuel"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348042", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Transplantation has become a valid therapeutic option for an increasing number of patients with end-stage organ disease. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection and associated disease (COVID-19) has alarmed the transplant community, since recommendations for adequate follow-up of organ transplant recipients during the acute phase of a pandemic are limited. Furthermore, treatment options against COVID-19 disease and adequate adjustment of immunosuppression in at risk patients remain a concern. This review summarizes current knowledge on the incidence and clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with solid organ transplantation. It also discusses therapeutic strategies and provides general recommendations on how to proceed with transplantation programs in a time when health care resources may become scarce."}, {"pmid": 32246280, "pmcid": "PMC7118209", "title": "Health services provision of 48 public tertiary dental hospitals during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.", "journal": "Clin Oral Investig", "authors": ["Yang, Yang", "Zhou, Yin", "Liu, Xiaoqiang", "Tan, Jianguo"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246280", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the status of health services provision of public tertiary dental hospitals during the COVID-19 epidemic in China and to evaluate the regional difference of telehealth. The health services provision of public tertiary dental hospitals in China mainland during the COVID-19 epidemic was inquired. The status of non-emergency dental services, emergency dental services, and online professional consultation and the hospitals' geographical distribution were recorded and analyzed. All the 48 public tertiary dental hospitals suspended general non-emergency dental treatment while providing emergency dental services only. Ninety percent of them notified the change of dental services online, and 69% of them offered free online professional consultations. The penetration rate of online technology was significantly higher in the eastern region than that of the central and western regions. There was a significant change in the health service provision of Chinese public tertiary dental hospitals during the COVID-19 epidemic and wider use of telehealth in the eastern region. This report demonstrated that dental health services were significantly affected by the COVID-19 epidemic in China, which might lead to a long-time impact on dental care in the future."}, {"pmid": 32415626, "pmcid": "PMC7227175", "title": "Guidance and best practices for nuclear cardiology laboratories during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC and SNMMI.", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "authors": ["Skali, Hicham", "Murthy, Venkatesh L", "Al-Mallah, Mouaz H", "Bateman, Tim M", "Beanlands, Rob", "Better, Nathan", "Calnon, Dennis A", "Dilsizian, Vasken", "Gimelli, Alessia", "Pagnanelli, Robert", "Polk, Donna M", "Soman, Prem", "Thompson, Randall C", "Einstein, Andrew J", "Dorbala, Sharmila"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235170, "pmcid": "PMC7172569", "title": "Triaging Spine Surgery in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Clin Spine Surg", "authors": ["Donnally, Chester J 3rd", "Shenoy, Kartik", "Vaccaro, Alexander R", "Schroeder, Gregory D", "Kepler, Christopher K"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235170", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505918, "title": "Media use and acute psychological outcomes during COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Anxiety Disord", "authors": ["Chao, Miao", "Xue, Dini", "Liu, Tour", "Yang, Haibo", "Hall, Brian J"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505918", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak in China led to an extraordinary threat to public health and wellbeing. This study examined the psychological impact of media use among people indirectly exposed to the disease during the initial phase of the outbreak. We conducted an internet-based survey on January 28, 2020 (one week after the official declaration of person-to-person transmission of the coronavirus). Media use (media forms, content of media exposure, and media engagement) related to the outbreak and psychological outcomes (positive and negative affect, anxiety, depression, and stress) of 917 Chinese adults was assessed. A series of multivariable regressions were conducted. The results showed that use of new media, rather than traditional media, was significantly associated with more negative affect, depression, anxiety, and stress. Viewing stressful content (i.e., severity of the outbreak, reports from hospital) was associated with more negative affect and depression. Media engagement was also associated with more negative affect, anxiety, and stress. However, viewing heroic acts, speeches from experts, and knowledge of the disease and prevention were associated with more positive affect and less depression. The study suggested new media use and more media engagement was associated with negative psychological outcomes, while certain media content was associated with positive psychological impact. The present study highlights the need for timely public health communication from official sources and suggests that reduced exposure to new media may be beneficial."}, {"pmid": 32365217, "title": "Reproductive number of the COVID-19 epidemic in Switzerland with a focus on the Cantons of Basel-Stadt and Basel-Landschaft.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Scire, Jeremie", "Nadeau, Sarah", "Vaughan, Timothy", "Brupbacher, Gavin", "Fuchs, Simon", "Sommer, Jurg", "Koch, Katrin N", "Misteli, Reto", "Mundorff, Lukas", "Gotz, Thomas", "Eichenberger, Tobias", "Quinto, Carlos", "Savic, Miodrag", "Meienberg, Andrea", "Burkard, Thilo", "Mayr, Michael", "Meier, Christoph A", "Widmer, Andreas", "Kuehl, Richard", "Egli, Adrian", "Hirsch, Hans H", "Bassetti, Stefano", "Nickel, Christian H", "Rentsch, Katharina S", "Kubler, Werner", "Bingisser, Roland", "Battegay, Manuel", "Tschudin-Sutter, Sarah", "Stadler, Tanja"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365217", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The reproductive number in Switzerland was between 1.5 and 2 during the first third of March, and has consistently decreased to around 1. After the announcement of the latest strict measure on 20 March 2020, namely that gatherings of more than five people in public spaces are prohibited, the reproductive number dropped significantly below 1; the authors of this study estimate the reproductive number to be between 0.6 and 0.8 in the first third of April."}, {"pmid": 32279115, "pmcid": "PMC7150608", "title": "CT features of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia according to clinical presentation: a retrospective analysis of 120 consecutive patients from Wuhan city.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Zhang, Rui", "Ouyang, Huangqing", "Fu, Lingli", "Wang, Shijie", "Han, Jianglong", "Huang, Kejie", "Jia, Mingfang", "Song, Qibin", "Fu, Zhenming"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279115", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To characterize the chest computed tomography (CT) findings of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) according to clinical severity. We compared the CT features of common cases and severe cases, symptomatic patients and asymptomatic patients, and febrile and afebrile patients. This was a retrospective analysis of the clinical and thoracic CT features of 120 consecutive patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia admitted to a tertiary university hospital between January 10 and February 10, 2020, in Wuhan city, China. On admission, the patients generally complained of fever, cough, shortness of breath, and myalgia or fatigue, with diarrhea often present in severe cases. Severe patients were 20\u00a0years older on average and had comorbidities and an elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. There were no differences in the CT findings between asymptomatic and symptomatic common type patients or between afebrile and febrile patients, defined according to Chinese National Health Commission guidelines. The clinical and CT features at admission may enable clinicians to promptly evaluate the prognosis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Clinicians should be aware that clinically silent cases may present with CT features similar to those of symptomatic common patients. \u2022 The clinical features and predominant patterns of abnormalities on CT for asymptomatic, typic common, and severe cases were summarized. These findings may help clinicians to identify severe patients quickly at admission. \u2022 Clinicians should be cautious that CT findings of afebrile/asymptomatic patients are not better than the findings of other types of patients. These patients should also be quarantined. \u2022 The use of chest CT as the main screening method in epidemic areas is recommended."}, {"pmid": 32184232, "title": "To control the covid-19 outbreak, young, healthy patients should avoid the emergency department.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Karan, Abraar"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184232", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402631, "pmcid": "PMC7180379", "title": "Coronavirus concerns: What do women with gynecologic cancer need to know during the COVID-19 crisis?", "journal": "Gynecol Oncol", "authors": ["Frey, Melissa K", "Blank, Stephanie V"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402631", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498691, "pmcid": "PMC7271826", "title": "Immediate and long-term consequences of COVID-19 infections for the development of neurological disease.", "journal": "Alzheimers Res Ther", "authors": ["Heneka, Michael T", "Golenbock, Douglas", "Latz, Eicke", "Morgan, Dave", "Brown, Robert"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498691", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasing evidence suggests that infection with Sars-CoV-2 causes neurological deficits in a substantial proportion of affected patients. While these symptoms arise acutely during the course of infection, less is known about the possible long-term consequences for the brain. Severely affected COVID-19 cases experience high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and acute respiratory dysfunction and often require assisted ventilation. All these factors have been suggested to cause cognitive decline. Pathogenetically, this may result from direct negative effects of the immune reaction, acceleration or aggravation of pre-existing cognitive deficits, or de novo induction of a neurodegenerative disease. This article summarizes the current understanding of neurological symptoms of COVID-19 and hypothesizes that affected patients may be at higher risk of developing cognitive decline after overcoming the primary COVID-19 infection. A structured prospective evaluation should analyze the likelihood, time course, and severity of cognitive impairment following the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32014114, "pmcid": "PMC7159271", "title": "Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wu, Joseph T", "Leung, Kathy", "Leung, Gabriel M"], "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32014114", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since Dec 31, 2019, the Chinese city of Wuhan has reported an outbreak of atypical pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Cases have been exported to other Chinese cities, as well as internationally, threatening to trigger a global outbreak. Here, we provide an estimate of the size of the epidemic in Wuhan on the basis of the number of cases exported from Wuhan to cities outside mainland China and forecast the extent of the domestic and global public health risks of epidemics, accounting for social and non-pharmaceutical prevention interventions. We used data from Dec 31, 2019, to Jan 28, 2020, on the number of cases exported from Wuhan internationally (known days of symptom onset from Dec 25, 2019, to Jan 19, 2020) to infer the number of infections in Wuhan from Dec 1, 2019, to Jan 25, 2020. Cases exported domestically were then estimated. We forecasted the national and global spread of 2019-nCoV, accounting for the effect of the metropolitan-wide quarantine of Wuhan and surrounding cities, which began Jan 23-24, 2020. We used data on monthly flight bookings from the Official Aviation Guide and data on human mobility across more than 300 prefecture-level cities in mainland China from the Tencent database. Data on confirmed cases were obtained from the reports published by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Serial interval estimates were based on previous studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). A susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered metapopulation model was used to simulate the epidemics across all major cities in China. The basic reproductive number was estimated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods and presented using the resulting posterior mean and 95% credibile interval (CrI). In our baseline scenario, we estimated that the basic reproductive number for 2019-nCoV was 2\u00b768 (95% CrI 2\u00b747-2\u00b786) and that 75\u2008815 individuals (95% CrI 37\u2008304-130\u2008330) have been infected in Wuhan as of Jan 25, 2020. The epidemic doubling time was 6\u00b74 days (95% CrI 5\u00b78-7\u00b71). We estimated that in the baseline scenario, Chongqing, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen had imported 461 (95% CrI 227-805), 113 (57-193), 98 (49-168), 111 (56-191), and 80 (40-139) infections from Wuhan, respectively. If the transmissibility of 2019-nCoV were similar everywhere domestically and over time, we inferred that epidemics are already growing exponentially in multiple major cities of China with a lag time behind the Wuhan outbreak of about 1-2 weeks. Given that 2019-nCoV is no longer contained within Wuhan, other major Chinese cities are probably sustaining localised outbreaks. Large cities overseas with close transport links to China could also become outbreak epicentres, unless substantial public health interventions at both the population and personal levels are implemented immediately. Independent self-sustaining outbreaks in major cities globally could become inevitable because of substantial exportation of presymptomatic cases and in the absence of large-scale public health interventions. Preparedness plans and mitigation interventions should be readied for quick deployment globally. Health and Medical Research Fund (Hong Kong, China)."}, {"pmid": 32265115, "pmcid": "PMC7118674", "title": "COVID-19 in Colombia endpoints. Are we different, like Europe?", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Amariles, Pedro", "Granados, Johan", "Ceballos, Mauricio", "Montoya, Carlos Julio"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265115", "countries": ["Italy", "Colombia", "Spain"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The infection by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has taken the dimension of a pandemic, affecting more than 160 countries in a few weeks. In Colombia, despite the implementation of the rules established by the national government, exists an elevate concern both for mortality and for the limited capacity of the health system to respond effectively to the needs of patients infected. For Colombia, assuming a case fatality rate among people infected with SARS-CoV-2 of 0.6% (average data from the information reported for Latin American countries for March 18) (Table 1), the number of deaths, in one or two weeks, could be 16 and 243, respectively. These estimates differ markedly from those documented in countries such as Spain and Italy, in which COVID-19 case fatality rates exceed 8% (case of Italy) and from the percentage of patients who have required intensive care, which has ranged from 9% to 11% of patients in Mediterranean European countries. These differences could be explained due to: a) the percentage of the population at risk (individuals older than 60 years); b) a higher epidemiological exposure to viral respiratory infections associated with more frequent exposure to them, due to geographic and climatic conditions; c) less spread of the virus by location in the tropical zone; and d) earlier preventive measures to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, it is possible to establish that the situation in this country will be different from in European Mediterranean and that Colombia could have different endpoints from Spain and Italy."}, {"pmid": 32253175, "title": "Covid-19: A&E visits in England fall by 25% in week after lockdown.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Thornton, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253175", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513197, "title": "Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Di Renzo, Laura", "Gualtieri, Paola", "Pivari, Francesca", "Soldati, Laura", "Attina, Alda", "Cinelli, Giulia", "Leggeri, Claudia", "Caparello, Giovanna", "Barrea, Luigi", "Scerbo, Francesco", "Esposito, Ernesto", "De Lorenzo, Antonino"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513197", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 12th 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-Cov2) emerged in Wuhan, China, sparking a pandemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans (COVID-19). On the 24th of April 2020, the number of COVID-19 deaths in the world, according to the COVID-Case Tracker by Johns Hopkins University, was 195,313, and the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases was 2,783,512. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a massive impact on human health, causing sudden lifestyle changes, through social distancing and isolation at home, with social and economic consequences. Optimizing public health during this pandemic requires not only knowledge from the medical and biological sciences, but also of all human sciences related to lifestyle, social and behavioural studies, including dietary habits and lifestyle. Our study aimed to investigate the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating habits and lifestyle changes among the Italian population aged\u2009\u2265\u200912\u00a0years. The study comprised a structured questionnaire packet that inquired demographic information (age, gender, place of residence, current employment); anthropometric data (reported weight and height); dietary habits information (adherence to the Mediterranean diet, daily intake of certain foods, food frequency, and number of meals/day); lifestyle habits information (grocery shopping, habit of smoking, sleep quality and physical activity). The survey was conducted from the 5th to the 24th of April 2020. A total of 3533 respondents have been included in the study, aged between 12 and 86\u00a0years (76.1% females). The perception of weight gain was observed in 48.6% of the population; 3.3% of smokers decided to quit smoking; a slight increased physical activity has been reported, especially for bodyweight training, in 38.3% of respondents; the population group aged 18-30\u00a0years resulted in having a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet when compared to the younger and the elderly population (p\u2009<\u20090.001; p\u2009<\u20090.001, respectively); 15% of respondents turned to farmers or organic, purchasing fruits and vegetables, especially in the North and Center of Italy, where BMI values were lower. In this study, we have provided for the first time data on the Italian population lifestyle, eating habits and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet pattern during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, our data need to be confirmed and investigated in future more extensive population studies."}, {"pmid": 32408995, "pmcid": "PMC7188649", "title": "Elective Surgery During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic (COVID-19): A Morbimortality Analysis and Recommendations on Patient Prioritisation and Security Measures.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Di Martino, Marcello", "Garcia Septiem, Javier", "Maqueda Gonzalez, Rocio", "Munoz de Nova, Jose Luis", "de la Hoz Rodriguez, Angela", "Correa Bonito, Alba", "Martin-Perez, Elena"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408995", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has required adaptation by hospitals affected by the pandemic, which has caused a reduction in elective surgical activity. Retrospective study of patients operated on in the previous month and during the peak of the pandemic. We analysed the COVID-19 infection rate, the severity of respiratory infection according to the Brescia respiratory COVID-19 severity scale, the adopted therapeutic measures and the overall postoperative complications. From 17th February to 31st March 2020, there was a progressive decrease in surgical activity, with only 213 patients operated on. This comprised 59 (27.8%) elective operations for oncological diseases, 97 (45.5%) elective operations for benign diseases and 57 (26.7%) as urgent procedures. There was a progressive increase in the rate of infection by COVID-19, with a total of 15 cases (7%). This included 10 patients (16.9%) in the elective group for oncological disease, 1 (1%) in the elective surgery group for benign disease and 4 (7%) in the urgent surgery group (P<.001). Five patients presented with a severe respiratory infection, of which 4 were affected by oncological disease. There were 3 deaths (1.4%), which were all due to the worsening of a respiratory infection. The patients undergoing the surgical procedures showed high rates of COVID-19 infection and postoperative complications, especially the patients with oncological diseases. Local resumption of surgical activity must be based on the prioritisation of the cases to be operated on, respecting certain premises of security and optimisation of the available resources."}, {"pmid": 32278670, "pmcid": "PMC7144603", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in Spanish Intensive Care Units: Early experience with 15-day survival in Vitoria.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Barrasa, Helena", "Rello, Jordi", "Tejada, Sofia", "Martin, Alejandro", "Balziskueta, Goiatz", "Vinuesa, Cristina", "Fernandez-Miret, Borja", "Villagra, Ana", "Vallejo, Ana", "San Sebastian, Ana", "Cabanes, Sara", "Iribarren, Sebastian", "Fonseca, Fernando", "Maynar, Javier"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278670", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in Spain in February 2020, with 216% intensive care unit (ICU) capacity expanded in Vitoria by March 18th, 2020. We identified patients from the two public hospitals in Vitoria who were admitted to ICU with confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2. Data reported here were available in April 6th, 2020. Mortality was assessed in those who completed 15-days of ICU stay. We identified 48 patients (27 males) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] age of patients was 63 [51-75] years. Symptoms began a median of 7 [5-12] days before ICU admission. The most common comorbidities identified were obesity (48%), arterial hypertension (44%) and chronic lung disease (37%). All patients were admitted by hypoxemic respiratory failure and none received non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Forty-five (94%) underwent intubation, 3 (6%) high flow nasal therapy (HFNT), 1 (2%) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and 22 (46%) required prone position. After 15 days, 14/45 (31%) intubated patients died (13% within one week), 10/45 (22%) were extubated, and 21/45 (47%) underwent mechanical ventilation. Six patients had documented super-infection. Procalcitonin plasma above 0.5\u03bcg/L was associated with 16% vs. 19% (p=0.78) risk of death after 7 days. This early experience with SARS-CoV-2 in Spain suggests that a strategy of right oxygenation avoiding non-invasive mechanical ventilation was life-saving. Seven-day mortality in SARS-CoV-2 requiring intubation was lower than 15%, with 80% of patients still requiring mechanical ventilation. After 15 days of ICU admission, half of patients remained intubated, whereas one third died."}, {"pmid": 32441787, "title": "A Rare Case of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Secondary to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yang, Yang", "Zhao, Jun", "Wu, Jian", "Teng, Yi", "Xia, Xinyi"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441787", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). After its first occurrence in Wuhan of China from December 2019, COVID-19 rapidly spread around the world. Studies have shown that coagulation dysfunction is one of the important reason causing death of COVID-19 patients and appeared in many patients. However, cases of COVID-19 with immune thrombocytopenic purpura were very rare. Here, a patient with immune thrombocytopenic purpura in Huoshenshan Hospital (Wuhan, China) was reported, whose laboratory data, clinical treatment and hospital outcome was described in this study. Fortunately, immune thrombocytopenic purpura with COVID-19 of the patient was diagnosed and treated in time and cured eventually. This case illustrates the need to be vigilant for complications associated with COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32469255, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 perturbs the Renin-Angiotensin System and energy metabolism.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Mori, Jun", "Oudit, Gavin Y", "Lopaschuk, Gary D"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469255", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is threating our health systems and daily lives, and is responsible for causing substantial morbidity and mortality. In particular, aged individuals, and individuals with comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, have significantly higher risks of hospitalization and death than normal individuals. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), belonging to the RAS family, has received much attention during this COVID-19 pandemic, owing to the fact that SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 as a receptor for cellular entry. Additionally, the RAS greatly affects energy metabolism in certain pathological conditions, including cardiac failure, diabetes mellitus, and viral infections. This article discusses the potential mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 modulates the RAS and energy metabolism in individuals with obesity and diabetes mellitus. The article aims to highlight the appropriate strategies for combating the COVID-19 pandemic in the clinical setting and emphasize on the areas that require further investigation in relation to COVID-19 infections in patients with obesity and diabetes mellitus, from the viewpoint of endocrinology and metabolism."}, {"pmid": 32361195, "pmcid": "PMC7252087", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection complicated by inflammatory syndrome. Could high-dose human immunoglobulin for intravenous use (IVIG) be beneficial?", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Prete, Marcella", "Favoino, Elvira", "Catacchio, Giacomo", "Racanelli, Vito", "Perosa, Federico"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361195", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416408, "pmcid": "PMC7211747", "title": "As a potential treatment of COVID-19: Montelukast.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Fidan, Cihan", "Aydogdu, Ayse"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416408", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been hypothesized that Montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene (cysLT) receptor antagonist, with effects of anti-inflammatory, suppress oxidative stress and reduce affect cytokine production, may limited progression of the disease on COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32251543, "title": "The COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic: reflections on the roles of librarians and information professionals.", "journal": "Health Info Libr J", "authors": ["Ali, Muhammad Yousuf", "Gatiti, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251543", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This Regular Feature explores the role of health science librarians in the coronavirus pandemic. COVID-19 has spread rapidly all over the world. All major cities around the globe are in lockdown. In Pakistan, the first case was diagnosed on 26 February 2020, and currently, there are more than\u00a02039 diagnosed cases and\u00a026 deaths as on 31 March 2020. Across the country, there are further 12\u00a0000 suspected cases. This will undoubtedly increase if precautionary measures are not taken. Pakistani universities, colleges and schools were in lockdown. The role of university librarians in this emergency included raising awareness through public health education, providing support to medical staff, researchers and providing ongoing traditional services to regular library patrons in Pakistan. The Regular Feature also provides links to useful resources. JM."}, {"pmid": 32298227, "title": "Community Responses during Early Phase of COVID-19 Epidemic, Hong Kong.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kwok, Kin On", "Li, Kin Kit", "Chan, Henry Ho Hin", "Yi, Yuan Yuan", "Tang, Arthur", "Wei, Wan In", "Wong, Samuel Yeung Shan"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298227", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the early phase of the coronavirus disease epidemic in Hong Kong, 1,715 survey respondents reported high levels of perceived risk, mild anxiety, and adoption of personal-hygiene, travel-avoidance, and social-distancing measures. Widely adopted individual precautionary measures, coupled with early government actions, might slow transmission early in the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32504348, "pmcid": "PMC7272592", "title": "Conquering COVID-19: How DDS Is CoVering the Pandemic.", "journal": "Dig Dis Sci", "authors": ["Kaunitz, Jonathan D"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460433, "title": "Well-Being and Education of Urology Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of an American National Survey.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Khusid, Johnathan A", "Weinstein, Corey S", "Becerra, Adan Z", "Kashani, Mahyar", "Robins, Dennis J", "Fink, Lauren E", "Smith, Matthew T Jr", "Weiss, Jeffrey P"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460433", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of COVID-19 has placed tremendous strain on the American healthcare system. Few prior studies have evaluated the well-being of or changes to training for American resident physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to study predictors of trainee well-being and changes to clinical practice using an anonymous survey of American urology residents. An anonymous, voluntary, 47-question survey was sent to all ACGME-accredited urology programs in the United States. We executed a cross-sectional analysis evaluating risk factors of perception of anxiety and depression both at work and home and educational outcomes. Multiple linear regressions models were used to estimate beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals. Among approximately 1,800 urology residents in the USA, 356 (20%) responded. Among these respondents, 24 had missing data leaving a sample size of 332. Important risk factors of mental health outcomes included perception of access to PPE, local COVID-19 severity, and perception of susceptible household members. Risk factors for declination of redeployment included current redeployment, having children, and concerns regarding ability to reach case minimums. Risk factors for concern of achieving operative autonomy included cancellation of elective cases and higher level of training. Several potential actions, which could be taken by urology residency program directors and hospital administration, may optimize urology resident well-being, morale, and education. These include advocating for adequate access to PPE, providing support at both the residency program and institutional levels, instituting telehealth education programs, and fostering a sense of shared responsibility of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32404722, "title": "Culture and COVID-19: Observations From an Italian American Nurse.", "journal": "Holist Nurs Pract", "authors": ["Daughen, Victoria"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404722", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232396, "pmcid": "PMC7184505", "title": "Recommendations from the Peking Union Medical College Hospital for the management of acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Jing, Zhi-Cheng", "Zhu, Hua-Dong", "Yan, Xiao-Wei", "Chai, Wen-Zhao", "Zhang, Shuyang"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232396", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362045, "pmcid": "PMC7267345", "title": "Hand disinfection in the combat against Covid-19.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Goldust, M", "Abdelmaksoud, A", "Navarini, A A"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362045", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a global health emergency over a\u00a0new coronavirus. The new corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) has raised global attention with raising concerns\u00a0of rapid spread from human-to-human. Like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-nCoV, 2019-nCoV can be passed directly from person to person by respiratory droplets, and may also be transmitted through contact and fomites."}, {"pmid": 32419721, "pmcid": "PMC7224642", "title": "Evidenced-based best practice advice for patients treated with systemic immunosuppressants in relation to COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Dermatol", "authors": ["Galimberti, Fabrizio", "McBride, Jeffrey", "Cronin, Megan", "Li, Yumeng", "Fox, Joshua", "Abrouk, Michael", "Herbst, Alexander", "Kirsner, Robert S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419721", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic led to significant uncertainty among physicians and patients about the safety of immunosuppressive medications used for the management of dermatologic conditions. We review available data on commonly used immunosuppressants and their effect on viral infections beyond COVID-19. Notably, the effect of some immunosuppressants on viruses related to SARS-CoV2, including SARS and MERS, has been previously investigated. In the absence of data on the effect of immunosuppressants on COVID-19, these data could be used to make clinical decisions on initiation and continuation of immunosuppressive medications during this pandemic. In summary, we recommend considering the discontinuation of oral JAK inhibitors and prednisone, considering the delay of rituximab infusion, and the careful continuation of cyclosporine, mycophenolate, azathioprine, methotrexate, and biologics in patients currently benefitting from such treatments."}, {"pmid": 32362505, "pmcid": "PMC7184017", "title": "Medical masks and Respirators for the Protection of Healthcare Workers from SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses.", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Ippolito, Mariachiara", "Vitale, Filippo", "Accurso, Giuseppe", "Iozzo, Pasquale", "Gregoretti, Cesare", "Giarratano, Antonino", "Cortegiani, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362505", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The use of medical masks and respirators as personal protective equipment is pivotal to reducing the level of biological hazard to which healthcare workers are exposed during the outbreak of highly diffusible pathogens, such as the recent novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Unfortunately, during this pandemic, supplies are rapidly running out worldwide, with potential consequences for the rate of occupational infections. Also, knowledge about specific characteristics of respirators is of utmost importance to select the proper type according to the clinical setting. A wide variety of literature is available on the topic, but mostly based on Influenza viruses infection models. Clinical evidence on the use of respirators is poor and interest in the topic has not been constant over time. A better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is needed, together with high-quality clinical data on the use of respirators or alternative devices. Moreover, healthcare workers, regardless of their level of experience, should receive specific training. This review aims to summarize the available evidence on the use of medical masks and respirators in the context of viral infections, especially the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32499159, "pmcid": "PMC7255346", "title": "Community pharmacists' exposure to COVID-19.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Cabas, Paolo", "Di Bella, Stefano", "Giuffre, Mauro", "Rizzo, Michele", "Trombetta, Carlo", "Luzzati, Roberto", "Antonello, Roberta Maria", "Parenzan, Ketty", "Liguori, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499159", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of the 2020 Sars-CoV-2 Italian outbreak, healthcare workers have been among the most exposed categories. There is little information about community pharmacists' on occupational exposure, symptoms development, and testing practices in the community pharmacist cohort. Between April 30th and May 10th, a questionnaire was administered through social media to Italian community pharmacists. From 67000 pharmacists currently working in community pharmacies, 1632 answered the survey. The survey population reflected the general Italian community pharmacists population in terms of age, gender, and number of co-workers. Protective measures were adopted in up to 99.9% of pharmacies. 624 pharmacists (38.2%) developed at least one COVID-19 related symptom in the period between February 28th and May 10th. Also, 102 pharmacists (6.2%) were tested for COVID-19 and 15, the 15% of the tested population and 0.92% of the whole survey population, resulted positive on nasopharyngeal swab. However, while the number of symptomatic pharmacists decreased, a higher number of tests were performed, thus COVID-19 prevalence among community pharmacists could have been underestimated and is probably intermediate between other healthcare workers and the general population (0.31%). Community pharmacists have probably been one of the first categories to experience increased contact risk to SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 prevalence among pharmacists could have been underestimated. In addition, the rates of protection measures adoption might have helped to reduce the spread of COVID-19 among co-workers and the community."}, {"pmid": 32348293, "pmcid": "PMC7205031", "title": "Agile Requirements Engineering and Software Planning for a Digital Health Platform to Engage the Effects of Isolation Caused by Social Distancing: Case Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Meinert, Edward", "Milne-Ives, Madison", "Surodina, Svitlana", "Lam, Ching"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social distancing and shielding measures have been put in place to reduce social interaction and slow the transmission of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). For older people, self-isolation presents particular challenges for mental health and social relationships. As time progresses, continued social distancing could have a compounding impact on these concerns. This project aims to provide a tool for older people and their families and peers to improve their well-being and health during and after regulated social distancing. First, we will evaluate the tool's feasibility, acceptability, and usability to encourage positive nutrition, enhance physical activity, and enable virtual interaction while social distancing. Second, we will be implementing the app to provide an online community to assist families and peer groups in maintaining contact with older people using goal setting. Anonymized data from the app will be aggregated with other real-world data sources to develop a machine learning algorithm to improve the identification of patients with COVID-19 and track for real time use by health systems. Development of this project is occurring at the time of publication, and therefore, a case study design was selected to provide a systematic means of capturing software engineering in progress. The app development framework for software design was based on agile methods. The evaluation of the app's feasibility, acceptability and usability shall be conducted using Public Health England's guidance on evaluating digital health products, Bandura's model of health promotion, the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework and the Nonadoption, Abandonment and Challenges to the Scale-up, Spread and Suitability (NASSS) framework. Making use of a pre-existing software framework for health behavior change, a proof of concept was developed, and a multistage app development and deployment for the solution was created. Grant submissions to fund the project and study execution have been sought at the time of publication, and prediscovery iteration of the solution has begun. Ethical approval for a feasibility study design is being sought. This case study lays the foundations for future app development to combat mental and societal issues arising from social distancing measures. The app will be tested and evaluated in future studies to allow continuous improvement of the app. This novel contribution will provide an evidence-based exemplar for future app development in the space of social isolation and loneliness."}, {"pmid": 32286091, "title": "Mental health burden for the public affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in China: Who will be the high-risk group?", "journal": "Psychol Health Med", "authors": ["Huang, Yeen", "Zhao, Ning"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286091", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December, 2019, an outbreak of respiratory illness caused by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly to other parts of China and around the world. We aimed to identify high-risk groups whose mental health conditions were vulnerable to the COVID-19 outbreak. Data were collected from 7,236 self-selected participants measured by anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. The overall prevalence of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and poor sleep quality were 35.1%, 20.1%, and 18.2%, respectively. People aged < 35 years reported a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms than people aged \u2265 35 years. Healthcare workers have the highest rate of poor sleep compared to other occupations. Healthcare workers/younger people who spent a high level of time (\u2265 3 hours/day) had a particular higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms than in those who spent less time (< 1 hours/day and 1-2 hours/day) on the outbreak. During the COVID-19 outbreak, healthcare workers and younger people were at an especially high-risk of displaying psychological impact when they spent too much time thinking about the outbreak. Continuous monitoring of the psychological consequences for high-risk population should become routine as part of targeted interventions during times of crisis.I."}, {"pmid": 32392613, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019, Prothrombotic Factors, and Venous Thromboembolism.", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Schulman, Sam"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392613", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232339, "pmcid": "PMC7103766", "title": "Forty years with coronaviruses.", "journal": "J Exp Med", "authors": ["Weiss, Susan R"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232339", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I have been researching coronaviruses for more than forty years. This viewpoint summarizes some of the major findings in coronavirus research made before the SARS epidemic and how they inform current research on the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32380879, "title": "Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Ozdin, Selcuk", "Bayrak Ozdin, Sukriye"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380879", "countries": ["Turkey"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is having negative effects on societies' mental health. Both the pandemic and the measures taken to combat it can affect individuals' mental health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of depression, anxiety and health anxiety in Turkish society during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to examine the factors affecting these. The study was performed using an online questionnaire. Participants were asked to complete a sociodemographic data form, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI). The effects on depression, anxiety and health anxiety levels of factors such as age, sex, marital status, living with an individual aged above 60, the presence of a new Coronavirus+ patient among friends or relatives, previous and current psychiatric illness and presence of accompanying chronic disease were then investigated. In terms of HADS cut-off points, 23.6% (n = 81) of the population scored above the depression cut-off point, and 45.1% (n = 155) scored above the cut-off point for anxiety. In regression analysis, female gender, living in urban areas and previous psychiatric illness history were found as risk factors for anxiety; living in urban areas was found as risk factor for depression; and female gender, accompanying chronic disease and previous psychiatric history were found as risk factors for health anxiety. The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that the groups most psychologically affected by the COVID-19 pandemic are women, individuals with previous psychiatric illness, individuals living in urban areas and those with an accompanying chronic disease. Priority might therefore be attached to these in future psychiatric planning."}, {"pmid": 32521062, "title": "Headache as the Presenting Symptom in 2 Patients with COVID-19 and a History of Migraine: 2 Case Reports.", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Singh, Jyotika", "Ali, Ashhar"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521062", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has now affected more than five million people globally. Typical symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Patients with underlying medical comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes are more likely to become severely ill. To date there is limited information on how COVID-19 affects patients with a history migraine. Here, we present the cases of 2 women with a history of migraine whose first symptom of COVID-19 was a severe persistent headache."}, {"pmid": 32494911, "pmcid": "PMC7268590", "title": "Modelling Covid-19 under uncertainty: what can we expect?", "journal": "Eur J Health Econ", "authors": ["Wang, Meimei", "Flessa, Steffen"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494911", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530538, "title": "Shifting dermatology market strategies from cosmetics to moisturizers and sanitizers treatments in COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Schwartz, Robert A", "Pradhan, Swetalina", "Galadari, Hassan", "Lotti, Torello", "Sharma, Aseem", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442946, "title": "[BCG versus COVID-19?]", "journal": "Medicina (B Aires)", "authors": ["Kantor, Isabel N"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442946", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291197, "pmcid": "PMC7129663", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: A review of typical CT findings and differential diagnosis.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Imaging", "authors": ["Hani, C", "Trieu, N H", "Saab, I", "Dangeard, S", "Bennani, S", "Chassagnon, G", "Revel, M-P"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291197", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The standard of reference for confirming COVID-19 relies on microbiological tests such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or sequencing. However, these tests might not be available in an emergency setting. Computed tomography (CT) can be used as an important complement for the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia in the current epidemic context. In this review, we present the typical CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia and discuss the main differential diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32321857, "title": "Low risk of covid-19 transmission in GI endoscopy.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Repici, Alessandro", "Aragona, Giovanni", "Cengia, Gianpaolo", "Cantu, Paolo", "Spadaccini, Marco", "Maselli, Roberta", "Carrara, Silvia", "Anderloni, Andrea", "Fugazza, Alessandro", "Pace, Fabio", "Rosch, Thomas"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321857", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402779, "pmcid": "PMC7203022", "title": "Preparation and response to COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore: A case report.", "journal": "Infect Dis Health", "authors": ["Monica, Fan Peijin Esther", "Aloweni, Fazila", "Yuh, Ang Shin", "Ayob, Elena Binte Mohamed", "Ahmad, Norhayati Binte", "Lan, Chiang Juat", "Lian, Ho Ai", "Chee, Lee Lai", "Ayre, Tracy Carol"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402779", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has an overwhelming impact on the nursing profession. Nurses play a vital role before and during pandemics, with nurse leaders taking the lead in preparation for outbreaks. In response to an outbreak, early recognition and preparation for the increasing threat, managing staffing challenges together with the well-being of nurses are of utmost importance. Strategies to promote physical distancing while not compromising continuing nursing education and patient care are also essential. With prompt actions and coordinated efforts, risk of spreading the virus within the healthcare sector can be kept at the minimum. As nurses are in the frontline of healthcare, their confidence in being well-supported by the hospital should be maintained. This case report describes the preparation and response of the nurses in Singapore General Hospital to the COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore."}, {"pmid": 32049601, "pmcid": "PMC7233363", "title": "Chest CT for Typical 2019-nCoV Pneumonia: Relationship to Negative RT-PCR Testing.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Xie, Xingzhi", "Zhong, Zheng", "Zhao, Wei", "Zheng, Chao", "Wang, Fei", "Liu, Jun"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32049601", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some patients with positive chest CT findings may present with negative results of real time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain- reaction (RT-PCR) for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). In this report, we present chest CT findings from five patients with 2019-nCoV infection who had initial negative RT-PCR results. All five patients had typical imaging findings, including ground-glass opacity (GGO) (5 patients) and/or mixed GGO and mixed consolidation (2 patients). After isolation for presumed 2019-nCoV pneumonia, all patients were eventually confirmed with 2019-nCoV infection by repeated swab tests. A combination of repeated swab tests and CT scanning may be helpful when for individuals with high clinical suspicion of nCoV infection but negative RT-PCR screening."}, {"pmid": 32401694, "title": "Flying by the seat of our pants: is low dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 an option?", "journal": "Int J Radiat Biol", "authors": ["Schaue, Dorthe", "McBride, William H"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401694", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379194, "title": "Demand for BCG Vaccine Due to Unproven Claims of its Role in Preventing COVID-19 Is Causing Shortages of Vaccines for Infants in Japan.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Kuroda, Naoto"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379194", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292290, "pmcid": "PMC7115349", "title": "[Triage strategy for suspected cases of COVID-19 with increasing numbers of patients].", "journal": "Notf Rett Med", "authors": ["Dommasch, M", "Spinner, C D"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292290", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32135584, "title": "[Recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children (first interim edition)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32135584", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504052, "title": "Seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in China.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Xu, Xin", "Sun, Jian", "Nie, Sheng", "Li, Huiyuan", "Kong, Yaozhong", "Liang, Min", "Hou, Jinlin", "Huang, Xianzhong", "Li, Dongfeng", "Ma, Tean", "Peng, Jiaqing", "Gao, Shikui", "Shao, Yong", "Zhu, Hong", "Lau, Johnson Yiu-Nam", "Wang, Guangyu", "Xie, Chunbao", "Jiang, Li", "Huang, Ailong", "Yang, Zhenglin", "Zhang, Kang", "Hou, Fan Fan"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504052", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Detection of asymptomatic or subclinical novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical for understanding the overall prevalence and infection potential of COVID-19. To estimate the cumulative prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in China, we evaluated the host serologic response, measured by the levels of immunoglobulins M and G in 17,368 individuals, in the city of Wuhan, the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in China, and geographic regions in the country, during the period from 9 March 2020 to 10 April 2020. In our cohorts, the seropositivity in Wuhan varied between 3.2% and 3.8% in different subcohorts. Seroposivity progressively decreased in other cities as the distance to the epicenter increased. Patients who visited a hospital for maintenance hemodialysis and healthcare workers also had a higher seroprevalence of 3.3% (51 of 1,542, 2.5-4.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI)) and 1.8% (81 of 4,384, 1.5-2.3%, 95%\u2009CI), respectively. More studies are needed to determine whether these results are generalizable to other populations and geographic locations, as well as to determine at what rate seroprevalence is increasing with the progress of the COVID-19 pandemic. Serologic surveillance has the potential to provide a more faithful cumulative viral attack rate for the first season of this novel SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32532077, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic in the Italian Population: Validation of a Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire and Prevalence of PTSD Symptomatology.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Forte, Giuseppe", "Favieri, Francesca", "Tambelli, Renata", "Casagrande, Maria"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532077", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has attracted worldwide attention for its rapid and exponential diffusion. The long-term psychological impact, of both the spread of the virus and the restrictive policies adopted to counteract it, remains uncertain. However, recent studies reported a high level of psychological distress and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The purpose of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of a new questionnaire, to evaluate PTSD risk related to the COVID-19 emergency. A total of Italian people completed a web-based cross-sectional survey broadcasted through different social-media. Demographic data and some psychological dimensions, such as general distress and sleep disturbance, were collected. A new self-report questionnaire (COVID-19-PTSD), consisting of 19 items, was developed starting from the PTSD Check List for DSM-5 (PCL-5) questionnaire, and it was administered in order to analyze its psychometric properties. The results highlighted the adequate psychometric properties of the COVID-19-PTSD questionnaire. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a seven-factor model (Intrusion, Avoidance, Negative Affect, Anhedonia, Dysphoric arousal, Anxious arousal and Externalizing behavior) best fits the data. Significant correlations were found among COVID-19-PTSD scores, general distress and sleep disturbance. A high percentage of PTSD symptomatology (29.5%) was found in the Italian population. COVID-19-PTSD appears to be effective in evaluating the specific stress symptoms related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Italian population. These results are relevant from a clinical point of view because they suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic could be considered as a traumatic event. Psychological interventions to counteract short- and long-term psychopathological effects, consequent to the COVID-19 pandemic, appear to be necessary."}, {"pmid": 32393351, "pmcid": "PMC7213552", "title": "Association of the insulin resistance marker TyG index with the severity and mortality of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Diabetol", "authors": ["Ren, Huihui", "Yang, Yan", "Wang, Fen", "Yan, Yongli", "Shi, Xiaoli", "Dong, Kun", "Yu, Xuefeng", "Zhang, Shujun"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393351", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) has been proposed as a marker of insulin resistance. This study aims to evaluate the association of the TyG index with the severity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study included a cohort of 151 patients with COVID-19 admitted in a tertiary teaching hospital in Wuhan. Regression models were used to investigate the association between TyG with severity and mortality of COVID-19. In this cohort, 39 (25.8%) patients had diabetes, 62 (41.1%) patients were severe cases, while 33 (22.0%) patients died in hospital. The TyG index levels were significantly higher in the severe cases and death group (mild vs. severe 8.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 vs. 9.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6, P\u2009<\u20090.001; survivor vs. deceased 8.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 vs. 9.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7, P\u2009<\u20090.001), respectively. The TyG index was significantly associated with an increased risk of severe case and mortality, after controlling for potential confounders (OR for severe case, 2.9, 95% CI 1.2-6.3, P\u2009=\u20090.007; OR for mortality, 2.9, 95% CI 1.2-6.7, P\u2009=\u20090.016). The associations were not statistically significant for further adjustment of inflammatory factors. TyG index was closely associated with the severity and morbidity in COVID-19 patients, thus it may be a valuable marker for identifying poor outcome of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32345656, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Pain Medicine Fellowship Training.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Hagedorn, Jonathan M", "Moeschler, Susan", "Furnish, Timothy", "Sayed, Dawood", "Durbhakula, Shravani"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345656", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530369, "title": "Lopinavir/ritonavir as a third agent in the antiviral regimen for SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Chemother", "authors": ["Panagopoulos, Periklis", "Petrakis, Vasilis", "Panopoulou, Maria", "Trypsianis, Grigorios", "Penlioglou, Theano", "Pnevmatikos, Ioannis", "Papazoglou, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530369", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease (CoVID-19) is an emerging public health problem rapidly spread globally. New treatment options for patients with severe symptoms and ways of reducing transmission in the community are taken into consideration. A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Infectious Diseases of Alexandroupolis (Greece) including 16 patients with CoVID-19. They were classified into two groups, A and B. Group A received lopinavir/ritonavir as a third agent in the antiviral regimen, while group B did not. Lymphocytes were more significantly increased in patients of group A. Ferritin serum levels were also decreased significantly in these patients. Number of days needed for a first negative result of Real Time- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was lower for Group A. The present study suggests that lopinavir/ritonavir may reduce the viral carriage in a shorter period of time compared with other antiviral regimens. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32426576, "pmcid": "PMC7229474", "title": "Laparoscopic surgery for benign adnexal conditions under spinal anaesthesia: Towards a multidisciplinary minimally invasive approach.", "journal": "J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod", "authors": ["Raimondo, Diego", "Borghese, Giulia", "Mastronardi, Manuela", "Mabrouk, Mohamed", "Salucci, Paolo", "Lambertini, Agnese", "Casadio, Paolo", "Tonini, Claudia", "Meriggiola, Maria Cristina", "Arena, Alessandro", "Tarozzi, Giulia", "Seracchioli, Renato"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426576", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Laparoscopic gynaecological surgery is commonly performed under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. In general surgery, locoregional anaesthesia was applied to laparoscopic procedures, increasing minimally invasive surgery advantages. To assess and compare postoperative pain after laparoscopic adnexal procedures for benign conditions under spinal anaesthesia (SA) versus general anaesthesia (GA). Furthermore, anaesthesiologic, surgical and clinical data were evaluated in both groups. This is a prospective cohort study performed in a tertiary level referral centre for minimally invasive gynaecological surgery (Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, University of Bologna). Women scheduled for adnexal laparoscopic surgery for benign conditions between February and May 2019 were assigned to receive either SA or GA with endotracheal intubation. A sample size of 13 women per group was needed to detect a 2-point difference in pain scores. 13 women were enrolled in the SA arm, 15 in the GA arm. In the SA cohort, the most common intraoperative adverse event was shoulder pain, reported by 3/12 women. At 1, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after surgery pain was significantly lower in the SA arm (p < .05). Patients submitted to SA experienced no need for opioid drugs administration, unlike those receiving GA. Patients' mobilization and return of bowel function were noted significantly earlier in the SA group (p < .05). SA is a feasible, safe and effective anaesthesiologic technique for laparoscopic gynaecological procedures for benign conditions, allowing a better control of postoperative pain. Women undergoing SA achieve earlier mobilization and bowel canalization. During the Covid-19 pandemics, SA could be useful in reducing the need for invasive procedures on respiratory tract."}, {"pmid": 32179124, "pmcid": "PMC7102608", "title": "Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Cardona-Ospina, Jaime A", "Gutierrez-Ocampo, Estefania", "Villamizar-Pena, Rhuvi", "Holguin-Rivera, Yeimer", "Escalera-Antezana, Juan Pablo", "Alvarado-Arnez, Lucia Elena", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Franco-Paredes, Carlos", "Henao-Martinez, Andres F", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto", "Lagos-Grisales, Guillermo J", "Ramirez-Vallejo, Eduardo", "Suarez, Jose A", "Zambrano, Lysien I", "Villamil-Gomez, Wilmer E", "Balbin-Ramon, Graciela J", "Rabaan, Ali A", "Harapan, Harapan", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Nishiura, Hiroshi", "Kataoka, Hiromitsu", "Ahmad, Tauseef", "Sah, Ranjit"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179124", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in December 2019 in China leading to a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Clinical, laboratory, and imaging features have been partially characterized in some observational studies. No systematic reviews on COVID-19 have been published to date. We performed a systematic literature review with meta-analysis, using three databases to assess clinical, laboratory, imaging features, and outcomes of COVID-19 confirmed cases. Observational studies and also case reports, were included, and analyzed separately. We performed a random-effects model meta-analysis to calculate pooled prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). 660 articles were retrieved for the time frame (1/1/2020-2/23/2020). After screening, 27 articles were selected for full-text assessment, 19 being finally included for qualitative and quantitative analyses. Additionally, 39 case report articles were included and analyzed separately. For 656 patients, fever (88.7%, 95%CI 84.5-92.9%), cough (57.6%, 95%CI 40.8-74.4%) and dyspnea (45.6%, 95%CI 10.9-80.4%) were the most prevalent manifestations. Among the patients, 20.3% (95%CI 10.0-30.6%) required intensive care unit (ICU), 32.8% presented with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (95%CI 13.7-51.8), 6.2% (95%CI 3.1-9.3) with shock. Some 13.9% (95%CI 6.2-21.5%) of hospitalized patients had fatal outcomes (case fatality rate, CFR). COVID-19 brings a huge burden to healthcare facilities, especially in patients with comorbidities. ICU was required for approximately 20% of polymorbid, COVID-19 infected patients and hospitalization was associated with a CFR of >13%. As this virus spreads globally, countries need to urgently prepare human resources, infrastructure and facilities to treat severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32515499, "title": "Higher levels of IL-6 early after tocilizumab distinguish survivors from non-survivors in COVID-19 pneumonia: a possible indication for deeper targeting IL-6.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Quartuccio, Luca", "Sonaglia, Arianna", "Pecori, Davide", "Peghin, Maddalena", "Fabris, Martina", "Tascini, Carlo", "De Vita, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515499", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The most serious COVID-19 deriving from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes cytokine release storm and it is associated with worse outcomes. In COVID-19 patients, Interleukin (IL)-6 levels are significantly elevated. Blocking IL-6 preliminary resulted in the improvement of this hyperinflammatory state. It is unknown which patients could require higher doses of tocilizumab to get out of the cytokine storm. Twenty-four patients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia were included. All the patients underwent tocilizumab 8 mg/kg intravenously and were tested for serum IL-6 24-48 hours before and 12-48 hours after tocilizumab infusion. Comparisons between survivors and non-survivors were performed. Eighteen patients were discharged, while six patients died, with no clinical or laboratory differences between the two groups at baseline. IL-6 was not different at baseline (p=0.41), while 24-48h post-tocilizumab IL-6 serum levels were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors [2398.5 (430.5-9372) pg/mL vs 290.5 (58.5-1305.5) pg/mL, p=0.022)]. Serum IL-6 post-tocilizumab showed a good predictive ability to discriminate survivors from non-survivors (AUC 0.815 95%CI 0.63-0.99, p=0.02). Repeated measurement of serum level of IL-6 early after tocilizumab may distinguish non-survivors from survivors and support the choice of deeper targeting IL-6 in COVID-19 pneumonia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32470547, "pmcid": "PMC7250789", "title": "Targeting Neprilysin (NEP) pathways: A potential new hope to defeat COVID-19 ghost.", "journal": "Biochem Pharmacol", "authors": ["Mohammed El Tabaa, Manar", "Mohammed El Tabaa, Maram"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470547", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an ongoing viral pandemic disease that is caused by SARS-CoV2, inducing severe pneumonia in humans. However, several classes of repurposed drugs have been recommended, no specific vaccines or effective therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 are developed till now. Viral dependence on ACE-2, as entry receptors, drove the researchers into RAS impact on COVID-19 pathogenesis. Several evidences have pointed at Neprilysin (NEP) as one of pulmonary RAS components. Considering the protective effect of NEP against pulmonary inflammatory reactions and fibrosis, it is suggested to direct the future efforts towards its potential role in COVID-19 pathophysiology. Thus, the review aimed to shed light on the potential beneficial effects of NEP pathways as a novel target for COVID-19 therapy by summarizing its possible molecular mechanisms. Additional experimental and clinical studies explaining more the relationships between NEP and COVID-19 will greatly benefit in designing the future treatment approaches."}, {"pmid": 32247317, "pmcid": "PMC7204563", "title": "Early Lessons on the Importance of Lung Imaging in Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Dondorp, Arjen M", "Schultz, Marcus J"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247317", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454031, "pmcid": "PMC7255296", "title": "Delivery For Respiratory Compromise Among Pregnant Women With COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["McLaren, Rodney A Jr", "London, Viktoriya", "Atallah, Fouad", "McCalla, Sandra", "Haberman, Shoshana", "Fisher, Nelli", "Stein, Janet L", "Minkoff, Howard L"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454031", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While rapid recourse to delivery after failed CPR has been shown to improve outcomes of pregnant patients with cardiac arrest,1,2 it is not known whether delivery improves or compromises the outcome of COVID patients with respiratory failure.3,4 Our objective was to evaluate the safety and utility of delivery of COVID-19 infected pregnant women needing respiratory support. This is a retrospective observational study of COVID-19 infected pregnant women (PCR diagnosed), with severe disease (defined per prior publications.3). A subset of these cases was previously presented, but without detail on the effect of delivery on disease (London, et al. \"The Relationship Between Status at Presentation and Outcomes Among Pregnant Women with COVID-19\" Am J Perinatol., in press). The study was exempted by IRB. Of 125 confirmed cases of COVID-19, twelve (9.6%) had severe disease (Table 1). Among the 12, three resolved spontaneously after transient respiratory support in hospital and were discharged home (one subsequently returned in preterm labor and delivered by cesarean two weeks later). Of the remaining nine who continued to need respiratory support, seven (77.8%) had iatrogenic preterm deliveries (six by cesarean delivery) for maternal respiratory distress (needing increasing levels of respiratory support without improved oxygen saturation), one had an early term delivery due to PROM, and one, now 30 weeks, has required intensive care with high-flow nasal cannula for three weeks. Of the eight patients delivering with maternal respiratory distress, seven did not require intubation, and one was intubated for emergent cesarean delivery, and remained on a ventilator for 19 days. Among the non-intubated, four had an improvement in oxygenation within two hours postpartum; two required less respiratory support, and two were taken completely off respiratory support. None of the other three required an increased level of respiratory support, and were off of all support between four and seven days postpartum. Delivery did not worsen the respiratory status of women with persistent oxygen desaturation and the need for increasing respiratory support. Among women not needing a ventilator, return of normal respiratory status after delivery occurred within hours to days. The one patient intubated intraoperatively took longer to recover. It is possible delivery may be less salutary when damage to the lungs are sufficient to warrant intubation. This series suggests that maternal respiratory distress should not be a contraindication to delivery."}, {"pmid": 32357281, "pmcid": "PMC7267542", "title": "Status and strategies for the management of head and neck cancer during COVID-19 pandemic: Indian scenario.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Gupta, Anand", "Arora, Vipin", "Nair, Deepa", "Agrawal, Nishant", "Su, Yu-Xiong", "Holsinger, F Christopher", "Chan, Jason Y K"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357281", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In India, oral cancer is the most common head and neck cancer (HNC) in men, mainly caused by the consumption of smoked and smokeless tobacco. During the current pandemic, delaying surgery for even 1 or 2 months may lead to more extensive surgery or inoperability, where only supportive care can be provided. Being semi-emergent in nature, treatment for these patients is currently on hold or delayed in most centers across the country. This study was conducted to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and inability of the health system to treat HNC in a timely fashion and how surgeons are coping to this emergent situation. This article highlights the situation in India, a country burdened with one of the highest incidence rates of HNC."}, {"pmid": 32341545, "pmcid": "PMC7184537", "title": "Publisher Correction: Science in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "Nat Methods", "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341545", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32527073, "title": "Cerebrovascular events in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Sahu, Kamal Kant", "George, Anu Anna", "Sargent, Jennifer", "Lal, Amos"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527073", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19 are more frequently being reported. Cerebrovascular events have been reported in around 3% of patients. In this review we summarize the published literature on cerebrovascular events in patients with COVID-19 as available on the PubMed database. So far, 3 studies have reported cerebrovascular events. Cerebrovascular events were identified on screening patients with decreased consciousness or in the presence of focal neurological deficits. These events were common in elderly, critically ill patients and in patients with prior cardio-cerebrovascular comorbidities. The diagnosis of cerebrovascular events was confirmed with computed tomography of the brain in most studies reporting neurological events. Multiple pathological mechanisms have been postulated regarding the process of neurological and vascular injury among which cytokine storm is shown to correlate with mortality. Patients with severe illness are found to have a higher cardio- cerebrovascular comorbidity. With an increasing number of cases and future prospective studies, the exact mechanism by which these cerebrovascular events occur and attribute to the poor outcome will be better understood."}, {"pmid": 32384171, "pmcid": "PMC7267419", "title": "COVID-19 treatment in patients with comorbidities: Awareness of drug-drug interactions.", "journal": "Br J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Back, David", "Marzolini, Catia", "Hodge, Catherine", "Marra, Fiona", "Boyle, Alison", "Gibbons, Sara", "Burger, David", "Khoo, Saye"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384171", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221512, "title": "COVID-19 Research in Brief: 20 March to 27 March, 2020.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Carvalho, Thiago"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221512", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371055, "pmcid": "PMC7151294", "title": "An update on COVID-19 for the otorhinolaryngologist - a Brazilian Association of Otolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery (ABORL-CCF) Position Statement.", "journal": "Braz J Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Lavinsky, Joel", "Kosugi, Eduardo Macoto", "Baptistella, Eduardo", "Roithmann, Renato", "Dolci, Eduardo", "Ribeiro, Thais Knoll", "Rossini, Bruno", "Romano, Fabrizio Ricci", "Maunsell, Rebecca Christina Kathleen", "Mitre, Edson Ibrahim", "Imamura, Rui", "Hachiya, Adriana", "Chone, Carlos Takahiro", "Watanabe, Luciana Miwa Nita", "Fornazieri, Marco Aurelio", "Lessa, Marcus Miranda", "Sant'Anna, Geraldo Druck"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371055", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are facing a pandemic with a great impact worldwide, as a result of the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The medical community is still getting to know behavior of this virus and the consequences from a population point of view. All this knowledge is extremely dynamic, so some behaviors are still not well established. Otorhinolaryngologists have a central role in the management of this situation, in which they must assess the patient, avoid contamination to and by health professionals and other patients. Thus, the recommendations of the Brazilian Association of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervical-Facial Surgery (ABORL-CCF) have the main objective of reducing the spread of the new coronavirus during otorhinolaryngological care and assisting in the management of these patients. Review of the main recommendations of national and international scientific societies, decisions by government agencies and class councils. The topics will be related to the general aspects of COVID-19, personal protective equipment, care in patient assistance, endoscopic exam routines and the management of sinonasal, otological and pediatric evaluations related to COVID-19. The use of personal protective equipment is considered crucial in routine ENT care. We recommend postponing appointments, exams and elective surgeries to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Similarly, we recommend changing routines in several areas of otolaryngology. Additionally, guidance is provided on the use of telemedicine resources during the pandemic period. We are still at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and scientific evidence is still scarce and incomplete, so these ABORL-CCF recommendations for otorhinolaryngologists may be updated based on new knowledge and the pattern of the new coronavirus spread."}, {"pmid": 32366198, "title": "Otolaryngology Residency Application during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Quesada, Pompeyo R", "Solis, Roberto N", "Diaz, Rodney C", "Kraft, Shannon M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366198", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected health care at every level, including medical education. As some fourth-year medical students graduate early to join the front lines, we must now turn our attention to those trainees in their penultimate year. In this commentary, we address the unique dilemmas facing otolaryngology residency candidates for the 2020-2021 cycle, with a focus on those applicants with no institutional otolaryngology department."}, {"pmid": 32471899, "title": "Case series of acute arthritis during COVID-19 admission.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Lopez-Gonzalez, Maria-Del-Carmen", "Peral-Garrido, Maria Luisa", "Calabuig, Irene", "Tovar-Sugranes, Ernesto", "Jovani, Vega", "Bernabeu, Pilar", "Garcia-Sevila, Raquel", "Leon-Ramirez, Jose-Manuel", "Moreno-Perez, Oscar", "Boix, Vicente", "Gil, Joan", "Merino, Esperanza", "Vela, Paloma", "Andres, Mariano"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471899", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274570, "pmcid": "PMC7144545", "title": "COVID-19 in the heart and the lungs: could we \"Notch\" the inflammatory storm?", "journal": "Basic Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Rizzo, Paola", "Vieceli Dalla Sega, Francesco", "Fortini, Francesca", "Marracino, Luisa", "Rapezzi, Claudio", "Ferrari, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274570", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From January 2020, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) originated in China has spread around the world. The disease is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The presence of myocarditis, cardiac arrest, and acute heart failure in COVID-19 patients suggests the existence of a relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cardiac disease. The Notch signalling is a major regulator of cardiovascular function and it is also implicated in several biological processes mediating viral infections. In this report we discuss the possibility to target Notch signalling to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and interfere with the progression of COVID-19- associated heart and lungs disease."}, {"pmid": 32395473, "pmcid": "PMC7210144", "title": "Chinese expert brief consensus on newborn screening of inherited metabolic disorders during the novel coronavirus infection epidemic.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Liu, Shan", "Wang, Dongjuan", "Wan, Kexing", "Liu, Hao", "Zhang, Dayong", "Yang, Jing", "Yuan, Zhaojian", "He, Xiaoyan", "Wang, Jie", "Ou, Mingcai", "Zhu, Wenbin", "Qu, Yiping", "Zhao, Dehua", "Wang, Weipeng", "Liu, Shiguo", "Gu, Maosheng", "Huang, Shuodan", "Wang, Zhiguo", "Zou, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395473", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) infection (COVID-19) rapidly spread across China and 25 countries in the worldwide, which infected not only adults but also children, even neonates. Each year, about 15 million newborns are delivered in China. Newborn screening (NBS) helps effectively prevent some mental retardation, premature death, and adverse outcomes in the early stage of baby, which could detect some inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs). During this COVID-19 epidemic, how to balance the risk of infected 2019-nCov and the risk of disability and teratogenesis of IMDs. Expert members of NBS extra quality assessment in National Clinical Center of Laboratory (NCCL) give a brief consensus for NBS of IMDs in the COVID-2019 epidemic, hoping that the brief consensus could be reference for NBS of IMDs in the other epidemic areas or periods all over the world."}, {"pmid": 32325276, "pmcid": "PMC7169896", "title": "Epidemic update of COVID-19 in Hubei Province compared with other regions in China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Du, Wenjun", "Han, Shaolei", "Li, Qiang", "Zhang, Zhongfa"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325276", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak spread in China and is a threat to the world. The aims of this study to help health workers better understand the epidemic of the COVID-19 and provide different control strategies toward Hubei Province and other regions in China. A comprehensive search of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention official websites and announcements was performed between 20 Jan 2019 and 29 Feb 2020. The relevant data of the distribution of the infection on each reported day were obtained. Up to 29 Feb 2020, 79,824 confirmed cases with the COVID-19 including 66,907 in Hubei Province and 12,377 in other administrative regions were reported. The SARS-COV-2 showed faster epidemic trends compared with the 2003-SARS-CoV. A total of 2,870 deaths have been reported nationwide among 79,824 confirmed cases, with a mortality of 3.6%. The mortality of the COVID-19 was significantly higher in Hubei Province than that in other regions(4.1% versus 0.84%). Since 1 Feb 2020 the number of discharged cases exceeded the number of the dead. By 29 Feb 2020, the number of discharged patients was 41,625, which exceeded the number of hospitalized patients, and the trend has further increased. The infection of the SARS-COV-2 is spreading and increasing nationwide, and Hubei Province is the main epidemic area, with higher mortality. The outbreak is now under initial control especially in other regions outside of Hubei Province. Due to the different epidemic characteristics between Hubei Province and other regions, we should focus on different prevention and control strategies."}, {"pmid": 32222047, "pmcid": "PMC7169798", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: Could pigs be vectors for human infections?", "journal": "Xenotransplantation", "authors": ["Opriessnig, Tanja", "Huang, Yao-Wei"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222047", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249664, "pmcid": "PMC7273857", "title": "Focus on the Crosstalk between COVID-19 and Urogenital Systems.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Wu, Zhang-Song", "Zhang, Zhi-Qiang", "Wu, Song"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249664", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442248, "title": "Testing for Novel Covid-19 antibodies: a necessary adjunct.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Daverio, Marco", "Amigoni, Angela", "Cavicchiolo, Maria Elena"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442248", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32077660, "title": "[Preliminary study of the relationship between novel coronavirus pneumonia and liver function damage: a multicenter study].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, C", "Jiang, Z C", "Shao, C X", "Zhang, H G", "Yue, H M", "Chen, Z H", "Ma, B Y", "Liu, W Y", "Huang, H H", "Yang, J", "Wang, Y", "Liu, H Y", "Xu, D", "Wang, J T", "Yang, J Y", "Pan, H Q", "Zou, S Q", "Li, F J", "Lei, J Q", "Li, X", "He, Q", "Gu, Y", "Qi, X L"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077660", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia and a preliminary study to explore the relationship between different clinical classification and liver damage. Methods: Consecutively confirmed novel coronavirus infection cases admitted to seven designated hospitals during January 23, 2020 to February 8, 2020 were included. Clinical classification (mild, moderate, severe, and critical) was carried out according to the diagnosis and treatment program of novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Fifth Edition) issued by the National Health Commission. The research data were analyzed using SPSS19.0 statistical software. Quantitative data were expressed as median (interquartile range), and qualitative data were expressed as frequency and rate. Results: 32 confirmed cases that met the inclusion criteria were included. 28 cases were of mild or moderate type (87.50%), and four cases (12.50%) of severe or critical type. Four cases (12.5%) were combined with one underlying disease (bronchial asthma, coronary heart disease, malignant tumor, chronic kidney disease), and one case (3.13%) was simultaneously combined with high blood pressure and malignant tumor. The results of laboratory examination showed that the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), and total bilirubin (TBil) for entire cohort were 26.98 (16.88 ~ 46.09) U/L and 24.75 (18.71 ~ 31.79) U/L, 39.00 (36.20 ~ 44.20) g/L and 16.40 (11.34 ~ 21.15) \u03bcmol/L, respectively. ALT, AST, ALB and TBil of the mild or moderate subgroups were 22.75 (16.31 ~ 37.25) U/L, 23.63 (18.71 ~ 26.50) U/L, 39.70 (36.50 ~ 46.10) g/L, and 15.95 (11.34 ~ 20.83) \u03bcmol/L, respectively. ALT, AST, ALB and TBil of the severe or critical subgroups were 60.25 (40.88 ~ 68.90) U/L, 37.00 (20.88 ~ 64.45) U/L, 35.75 (28.68 ~ 42.00) g/L, and 20.50 (11.28 ~ 25.00) \u03bcmol/L, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this multicenter retrospective study suggests that novel coronavirus pneumonia combined with liver damage is more likely to be caused by adverse drug reactions and systemic inflammation in severe patients receiving medical treatment. Therefore, liver function monitoring and evaluation should be strengthened during the treatment of such patients."}, {"pmid": 32273441, "title": "G20 leaders must answer to COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Atkinson, Caroline"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273441", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205342, "title": "Covid-19: US testing ramps up as early response draws harsh criticism.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205342", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379105, "title": "Operating in a Pandemic: Lessons and Strategies from an Orthopaedic Unit at the Epicenter of COVID-19 in Singapore.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Ding, Benjamin Tze Keong", "Soh, Tamara", "Tan, Bryan Yijia", "Oh, Jacob Yoong-Leong", "Mohd Fadhil, Muhammad Farhan Bin", "Rasappan, Kumaran", "Lee, Keng Thiam"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379105", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425294, "pmcid": "PMC7227559", "title": "Weathering the COVID-19 storm: Lessons from hematologic cytokine syndromes.", "journal": "Blood Rev", "authors": ["England, James T", "Abdulla, Alym", "Biggs, Catherine M", "Lee, Agnes Y Y", "Hay, Kevin A", "Hoiland, Ryan L", "Wellington, Cheryl L", "Sekhon, Mypinder", "Jamal, Shahin", "Shojania, Kamran", "Chen, Luke Y C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425294", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A subset of patients with severe COVID-19 develop profound inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction consistent with a \"Cytokine Storm Syndrome\" (CSS). In this review we compare the clinical features, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of COVID-CSS with other hematological CSS, namely secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD), and CAR-T cell therapy associated Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS). Novel therapeutics targeting cytokines or inhibiting cell signaling pathways have now become the mainstay of treatment in these CSS. We review the evidence for cytokine blockade and attenuation in these known CSS as well as the emerging literature and clinical trials pertaining to COVID-CSS. Established markers of inflammation as well as cytokine levels are compared and contrasted between these four entities in order to establish a foundation for future diagnostic criteria of COVID-CSS."}, {"pmid": 32361927, "pmcid": "PMC7195619", "title": "Disruption of joint arthroplasty services in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey within the European Hip Society (EHS) and the European Knee Associates (EKA).", "journal": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "authors": ["Thaler, M", "Khosravi, Ismail", "Hirschmann, M T", "Kort, N P", "Zagra, L", "Epinette, J A", "Liebensteiner, M C"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361927", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on joint arthroplasty service in Europe by conducting an online survey of arthroplasty surgeons. The survey was conducted in the European Hip Society (EHS) and the European Knee Associates (EKA). The survey consisted of 20 questions (single, multiple choice, ranked). Four topics were addressed: (1) origin and surgical experience of the participant (four questions); (2) potential disruption of arthroplasty surgeries (12 questions); (3) influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the particular arthroplasty surgeon (four questions); (4) a matrix provided 14 different arthroplasty surgeries and the participant was asked to state whether dedicated surgery was stopped, delayed or cancelled. Two-hundred and seventy-two surgeons (217 EHS, 55 EKA) from 40 different countries participated. Of the respondents, 25.7% stated that all surgeries were cancelled in their departments, while 68.4% responded that elective inpatient procedures were no longer being performed. With regard to the specific surgical procedures, nearly all primary TJA were cancelled (92.6%) as well as aseptic revisions (94.7%). In most hospitals, periprosthetic fractures (87.2%), hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures and septic revisions for acute infections (75.8%) were still being performed. During the current 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, we are experiencing a near-total shutdown of TJA. A massive cutback was observed for primary TJA and revision TJA, even in massively failed TJA with collapse, dislocation, component failure or imminent dislocation. Only life-threatening pathologies like periprosthetic fractures and acute septic TJA are currently undergoing surgical treatment. V."}, {"pmid": 32425702, "pmcid": "PMC7229923", "title": "TERAVOLT: Thoracic Cancers International COVID-19 Collaboration.", "journal": "Cancer Cell", "authors": ["Whisenant, Jennifer G", "Trama, Annalisa", "Torri, Valter", "De Toma, Alessandro", "Viscardi, Giuseppe", "Cortellini, Alessio", "Michielin, Olivier", "Barlesi, Fabrice", "Dingemans, Anne-Marie C", "Van Meerbeeck, Jan", "Pancaldi, Vera", "Soo, Ross A", "Leighl, Natasha B", "Peters, Solange", "Wakelee, Heather", "Garassino, Marina Chiara", "Horn, Leora"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425702", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prior publications on small subsets of cancer patients infected with SARS CoV-2 have shown an increased risk of mortality compared to the general population. Furthermore, patients with thoracic malignancies are thought to be at particularly high risk given their older age, smoking habits, and pre-existing cardio-pulmonary comorbidities. For this reason, physicians around the world have formed TERAVOLT, a global consortium dedicated to understanding the impact of COVID-19 on patients with thoracic malignancies."}, {"pmid": 32492193, "title": "Potential Neuroinvasive Pathways of SARS-CoV-2: Deciphering the Spectrum of Neurological Deficit Seen in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Baig, Abdul Mannan", "Sanders, Erin C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492193", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Scientists and clinicians must acknowledge that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the potential to attack the human body in multiple ways simultaneously and exploit any weaknesses of its host. A multipronged attack could potentially explain the severity and extensive variety of signs and symptoms observed in patients with COVID-19. Understanding the diverse tactics of this virus to infect the human body is both critical and incredibly complex. Although patients diagnosed with COVID-19 have primarily presented with pulmonary involvement, viral invasion, and injury to diverse end organs is also prevalent and well documented in these patients, but has been largely unheeded. Human organs known for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression including the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, heart, adrenals, brain, and testicles are examples of extra-pulmonary tissues with confirmed invasion by SARS-CoV-2. Initial multiple organ involvement may present with vague signs and symptoms to alert healthcare professionals early in the course of COVID-19. Another example of an ongoing, yet neglected element of the syndromic features of COVID-19, are the reported findings of loss of smell, altered taste, ataxia, headache, dizziness, and loss of consciousness, which suggest a potential for neural involvement. In this review, we further deliberate on the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2, the neurologic symptomology observed in COVID-19, the host-virus interaction, possible routes of SARS-CoV-2 to invade the central nervous system (CNS), other neurologic considerations for patients with COVID-19, and a collective call to action. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32311793, "pmcid": "PMC7264653", "title": "Who speaks for nursing? COVID-19 highlighting gaps in leadership.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Daly, John", "Jackson, Debra", "Anders, Robert", "Davidson, Patricia M"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311793", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362302, "pmcid": "PMC7218187", "title": "To alert coinfection of COVID-19 and dengue virus in developing countries in the dengue-endemic area.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wu, Di", "Lu, Jianyun", "Liu, Qun", "Ma, Xiaowei", "He, Weiyun"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362302", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321566, "pmcid": "PMC7175447", "title": "Managing COVID-19 in resource-limited settings: critical care considerations.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Siow, Wen Ting", "Liew, Mei Fong", "Shrestha, Babu Raja", "Muchtar, Faisal", "See, Kay Choong"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321566", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389523, "pmcid": "PMC7202834", "title": "COVID-19 and cancer: Looking for evidence.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Serraino, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389523", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297520, "pmcid": "PMC7191632", "title": "Can spironolactone be used to prevent COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with hypertension?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Cadegiani, Flavio A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297520", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498735, "title": "Medical Transport for 769 COVID-19 Patients on a Cruise Ship by Japan DMAT.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Anan, Hideaki", "Kondo, Hisayoshi", "Takeuchi, Ichiro", "Nakamori, Tomoki", "Ikeda, Yu", "Akasaka, Osamu", "Koido, Yuichi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498735", "countries": ["Japan", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Diamond Princess cruise ship, carrying 3,711 passengers and crew members, docked at Yokohama Port in Japan on February 3, 2020. A quarantine was immediately instituted because one passenger who had disembarked in Hong Kong was confirmed to have tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). After the quarantine began, all passengers and crew were tested using the SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction assay on the ship, 696 of whom tested positive. In total, 769 patients, including 696 with COVID-19, required transport to a hospital. The Japan Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) successfully picked up and safely transported the COVID-19 patients using a novel classification system to prioritize patients. The Japan DMAT transported 203 patients to hospitals in Kanagawa and another 566 patients to hospitals in 15 different prefectures."}, {"pmid": 32145187, "pmcid": "PMC7124610", "title": "Has China faced only a herald wave of SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Flahault, Antoine"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145187", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407227, "title": "Litigation and patient-carer, safety issues in the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Tingle, John"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407227", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses some recent reports on litigation issues and patient-health carer safety in the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32505489, "title": "ROLE OF REHABILITATION DEPARTMENT FOR ADULT COVID-19 PATIENTS: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE SAN RAFFAELE HOSPITAL OF MILAN.", "journal": "Arch Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Iannaccone, Sandro", "Castellazzi, Paola", "Tettamanti, Andrea", "Houdayer, Elise", "Brugliera, Luigia", "de Blasio, Francesco", "Cimino, Paolo", "Ripa, Marco", "Meloni, Carlo", "Alemanno, Federica", "Scarpellini, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505489", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid evolution of the health emergency linked to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 requires specifications for the rehabilitative management of COVID-19 patients. The symptomatic evolution of COVID-19 patients is characterized by two phases: an acute phase in which respiratory symptoms prevail, and a post-acute phase in which patients can show symptoms related to prolonged immobilization, to previous and current respiratory dysfunctions as well as cognitive and emotional disorders. There is thus the need for specialized rehabilitative care for these patients. This communication reports the experience of the San Raffaele Hospital of Milan (Italy) and recommends the set-up of specialized clinical pathways for the rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients. In this hospital, between February 1st and March 2nd 2020, about 50 patients were admitted every day with COVID-19 symptoms. In those days, about 400 acute care beds were created (Intensive Care/Infectious Diseases). In the following 30 days, from March 2nd to mid-April, despite the presence of 60 daily arrivals to the ER, the organization of patient flow between different wards was modified and several different units were created based on a more accurate integration of patients' needs. According to this new organization, patients were admitted first to acute care COVID-19 units, and then to COVID-19 rehabilitation units, post-COVID-19 rehabilitation units and/or quarantine/observation units. After hospital discharge, telemedicine was used to follow-up with patients at home. Such clinical pathways should each involve dedicated multidisciplinary teams composed of pulmonologists, physiatrists, neurologists, cardiologists, physiotherapists, neuropsychologists, occupational therapists, speech therapists and nutritionists."}, {"pmid": 32345566, "pmcid": "PMC7166028", "title": "Economic Recovery After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Resuming Elective Orthopedic Surgery and Total Joint Arthroplasty.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["O'Connor, Casey M", "Anoushiravani, Afshin A", "DiCaprio, Matthew R", "Healy, William L", "Iorio, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345566", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The economic effects of the COVID-19 crisis are not like anything the U.S. health care system has ever experienced. As we begin to emerge from the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we need to plan the sustainable resumption of elective procedures. We must first ensure the safety of our patients and surgical staff. It must be a priority to monitor the availability of supplies for the continued care of patients suffering from COVID-19. As we resume elective orthopedic surgery and total joint arthroplasty, we must begin to reduce expenses by renegotiating vendor contracts, use ambulatory surgery centers and hospital\u00a0outpatient departments in a safe and effective manner, adhere to strict evidence-based and\u00a0COVID-19-adjusted practices, and incorporate telemedicine and other technology platforms when feasible for health care systems and orthopedic groups to survive economically. The return to normalcy will be slow and may be different than what we are accustomed to, but we must work together to plan a transition to a more sustainable health care reality which accommodates a COVID-19 world. Our goal should be using these lessons to achieve a healthy and successful 2021 fiscal year."}, {"pmid": 32360603, "pmcid": "PMC7189859", "title": "The distress of Iranian adults during the Covid-19 pandemic - More distressed than the Chinese and with different predictors.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Jahanshahi, Asghar Afshar", "Dinani, Maryam Mokhtari", "Madavani, Abbas Nazarian", "Li, Jizhen", "Zhang, Stephen X"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360603", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523144, "title": "Protocol for the prevention of ventricular arrhythmias due to treatment in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Cueva-Parra, Angel", "Neach-de-la-Vega, Diego", "Ortiz-Solis, William", "Fernandez-Domenech, Jose", "Lara-Aguilera, Selene", "Chi-Pool, Sandra", "Munoz-Benavides, Guillermo", "Bustillos-Garcia, Gabriela", "Marquez-Murillo, Manlio", "Gomez-Flores, Jorge", "Levinstein-Jacinto, Moises", "Mendoza-G, Celso", "Nava-Townsend, Santiago"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523144", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515332, "title": "[COVID-19 associated severe psychotic relapse].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Hansen, David Hvidtfelt", "Baandrup, Lone", "Hageman, Ida"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515332", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a case report of a 42-year-old patient, who was admitted to hospital with clinical pneumonia. The only positive test result was for SARS-CoV-2. After a few days of treatment, the patient was discharged in stable condition for isolation at home. The patient had previously had contact with the mental health services and was diagnosed with catatonic schizophrenia but had been without outpatient contact or treatment for the last four years. After seven days he was admitted in a state of severe psychosis. This begs the question if the psychotic relapse was triggered by a neuroinflammatory response caused by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32296619, "pmcid": "PMC7146043", "title": "Battle against novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: International commitment to develop worldwide informing campaigns.", "journal": "Health Promot Perspect", "authors": ["Allahverdipour, Hamid"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296619", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372768, "pmcid": "PMC7198170", "title": "[Risk of hepatitis B reactivation associated with treatment against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) with corticosteroids].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Varona Perez, J", "Rodriguez Chinesta, J M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372768", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301347, "pmcid": "PMC7175783", "title": "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Future Cardiol", "authors": ["Pravda, Nili Schamroth", "Pravda, Miri Schamroth", "Kornowski, Ran", "Orvin, Katia"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301347", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525382, "title": "The effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on parents: A call to adopt urgent measures.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Fontanesi, Lilybeth", "Marchetti, Daniela", "Mazza, Cristina", "Di Giandomenico, Serena", "Roma, Paolo", "Verrocchio, Maria Cristina"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525382", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 health crisis is strongly affecting the mental health of the general population. In particular, the pandemic may be producing psychological distress and collateral concerns for parents in lockdown, due to unstable financial circumstances, school closures, and suspended educational services for children. A call for measures to increase family-based interventions during the emergency is urgently needed to forestall psychopathological trajectories and prevent the exacerbation of vulnerable conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32406873, "title": "[Turkish Cardiology Association Consensus Report: COVID-19 Pandemic and Cardiovascular Diseases (May 13, 2020)].", "journal": "Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars", "authors": ["Aktoz, Meryem", "Altay, Hakan", "Aslanger, Emre", "Atalar, Enver", "Atar, Ilyas", "Aytekin, Vedat", "Baykan, Ahmet Oytun", "Barcin, Cem", "Baris, Nezihi", "Boyaci, AsiyeAyca", "Cavusoglu, Yuksel", "Celik, Ahmet", "Cinier, Goksel", "Degertekin, Muzaffer", "Demircan, Sabri", "Ergonul, Onder", "Erturk, Mehmet", "Erol, M Kemal", "Gorenek, Bulent", "Gursoy, Mustafa Ozan", "Hunuk, Burak", "Kahveci, Gokhan", "Karabay, Can Yucel", "Karaca, Ilgin", "Kayikcioglu, Meral", "Keskin, Muhammed", "Kilic, Teoman", "KilickiranAvci, Burcak", "Kirma, Cevat", "Kocabas, Umut", "Kocakaya, Derya", "Kucukoglu, Serdar", "Mutlu, Bulent", "Nalbantgil, Sanem", "Okuyan, Ertugrul", "Okyay, Kaan", "KaptanOzen, Deniz", "Ozgul, Sami", "Ozpelit, Ebru", "Pirat, Bahar", "Sert, Sena", "Sinan, Umit Yasar", "Sener, Yusuf Ziya", "Tatli, Ersan", "Tekkesin, Ahmet Ilker", "Tutar, Eralp", "Ural, Dilek", "Yildirimturk, Ozlem", "Yildizeli, Bedrettin"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406873", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, in the city of Wuhan, in the Hubei province of China, treatment-resistant cases of pneumonia emerged and spread rapidly for reasons unknown. A new strain of coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2]) was identified and caused the first pandemic of the 21st century. The virus was officially detected in our country on March 11, 2020, and the number of cases increased rapidly; the virus was isolated in 670 patients within 10 days. The rapid increase in the number of patients has required our physicians to learn to protect both the public and themselves when treating patients with this highly infectious disease. The group most affected by the outbreak and with the highest mortality rate is elderly patients with known cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is necessary for cardiology specialists to take an active role in combating the epidemic. The aim of this article is to make a brief assessment of current information regarding the management of cardiovascular patients affected by COVID-19 and to provide practical suggestions to cardiology specialists about problems and questions they have frequently encountered."}, {"pmid": 32442323, "title": "Curcumin as a potential treatment for COVID-19.", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Rocha, Francisco Airton Castro", "de Assis, Marcos Renato"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442323", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304576, "pmcid": "PMC7264788", "title": "A novel clinical set-up for examining healthy dermatology outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Gupta, S", "Jangra, R S", "Gujrathi, A V", "Mahendra, A", "Singla, R", "Sharma, A", "Gupta, S"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304576", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531323, "pmcid": "PMC7282746", "title": "East meets West in COVID-19 therapeutics.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Wang, Shanshan", "Zeng, Xian", "Wang, Yali", "Zhao, Yufen", "Chen, Weiping", "Chen, Yu Zong"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531323", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430309, "title": "Serology for SARS-CoV-2: Apprehensions, opportunities, and the path forward.", "journal": "Sci Immunol", "authors": ["Bryant, Juliet E", "Azman, Andrew S", "Ferrari, Matthew J", "Arnold, Benjamin F", "Boni, Maciej F", "Boum, Yap", "Hayford, Kyla", "Luquero, Francisco J", "Mina, Michael J", "Rodriguez-Barraquer, Isabel", "Wu, Joseph T", "Wade, Djibril", "Vernet, Guy", "Leung, Daniel T"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430309", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 has enormous potential to contribute to COVID-19 pandemic response efforts. However, the required performance characteristics of antibody tests will critically depend on the use case (individual-level vs. population-level)."}, {"pmid": 32502389, "pmcid": "PMC7266572", "title": "Effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 cases, deaths, and demand for hospital services in the UK: a modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Davies, Nicholas G", "Kucharski, Adam J", "Eggo, Rosalind M", "Gimma, Amy", "Edmunds, W John"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502389", "countries": ["Ireland", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Non-pharmaceutical interventions have been implemented to reduce transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the UK. Projecting the size of an unmitigated epidemic and the potential effect of different control measures has been crucial to support evidence-based policy making during the early stages of the epidemic. This study assesses the potential impact of different control measures for mitigating the burden of COVID-19 in the UK. We used a stochastic age-structured transmission model to explore a range of intervention scenarios, tracking 66\u00b74 million people aggregated to 186 county-level administrative units in England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. The four base interventions modelled were school closures, physical distancing, shielding of people aged 70 years or older, and self-isolation of symptomatic cases. We also modelled the combination of these interventions, as well as a programme of intensive interventions with phased lockdown-type restrictions that substantially limited contacts outside of the home for repeated periods. We simulated different triggers for the introduction of interventions, and estimated the impact of varying adherence to interventions across counties. For each scenario, we projected estimated new cases over time, patients requiring inpatient and critical care (ie, admission to the intensive care units [ICU]) treatment, and deaths, and compared the effect of each intervention on the basic reproduction number, R0. We projected a median unmitigated burden of 23 million (95% prediction interval 13-30) clinical cases and 350\u2008000 deaths (170\u2008000-480\u2008000) due to COVID-19 in the UK by December, 2021. We found that the four base interventions were each likely to decrease R0, but not sufficiently to prevent ICU demand from exceeding health service capacity. The combined intervention was more effective at reducing R0, but only lockdown periods were sufficient to bring R0 near or below 1; the most stringent lockdown scenario resulted in a projected 120\u2008000 cases (46\u2008000-700\u2008000) and 50\u2008000 deaths (9300-160\u2008000). Intensive interventions with lockdown periods would need to be in place for a large proportion of the coming year to prevent health-care demand exceeding availability. The characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 mean that extreme measures are probably required to bring the epidemic under control and to prevent very large numbers of deaths and an excess of demand on hospital beds, especially those in ICUs. Medical Research Council."}, {"pmid": 32473542, "pmcid": "PMC7237943", "title": "Pausing cancer screening during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2pandemic: Should we revisit the recommendations?", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Amit, Moran", "Tam, Samantha", "Bader, Tarif", "Sorkin, Alex", "Benov, Avi"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473542", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277878, "pmcid": "PMC7195331", "title": "First-wave COVID-19 transmissibility and severity in China outside Hubei after control measures, and second-wave scenario planning: a modelling impact assessment.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Leung, Kathy", "Wu, Joseph T", "Liu, Di", "Leung, Gabriel M"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277878", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 18, 2020, 13\u2008415 confirmed cases and 120 deaths related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mainland China, outside Hubei province-the epicentre of the outbreak-had been reported. Since late January, massive public health interventions have been implemented nationwide to contain the outbreak. We provide an impact assessment of the transmissibility and severity of COVID-19 during the first wave in mainland Chinese locations outside Hubei. We estimated the instantaneous reproduction number (Rt) of COVID-19 in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Wenzhou, and the ten Chinese provinces that had the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases; and the confirmed case-fatality risk (cCFR) in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Wenzhou, and all 31 Chinese provinces. We used a susceptible-infectious-recovered model to show the potential effects of relaxing containment measures after the first wave of infection, in anticipation of a possible second wave. In all selected cities and provinces, the Rt decreased substantially since Jan 23, when control measures were implemented, and have since remained below 1. The cCFR outside Hubei was 0\u00b798% (95% CI 0\u00b782-1\u00b716), which was almost five times lower than that in Hubei (5\u00b791%, 5\u00b773-6\u00b709). Relaxing the interventions (resulting in Rt >1) when the epidemic size was still small would increase the cumulative case count exponentially as a function of relaxation duration, even if aggressive interventions could subsequently push disease prevalence back to the baseline level. The first wave of COVID-19 outside of Hubei has abated because of aggressive non-pharmaceutical interventions. However, given the substantial risk of viral reintroduction, particularly from overseas importation, close monitoring of Rt and cCFR is needed to inform strategies against a potential second wave to achieve an optimal balance between health and economic protection. Health and Medical Research Fund, Hong Kong, China."}, {"pmid": 32489655, "pmcid": "PMC7242013", "title": "Synthesis of Liver Associations Recommendations for Hepatology and Liver Transplant Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken)", "authors": ["Lau, George", "Ward, John W"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489655", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412551, "pmcid": "PMC7221329", "title": "Extracting Possibly Representative COVID-19 Biomarkers from X-ray Images with Deep Learning Approach and Image Data Related to Pulmonary Diseases.", "journal": "J Med Biol Eng", "authors": ["Apostolopoulos, Ioannis D", "Aznaouridis, Sokratis I", "Tzani, Mpesiana A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412551", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the spread of COVID-19 is increased, new, automatic, and reliable methods for accurate detection are essential to reduce the exposure of the medical experts to the outbreak. X-ray imaging, although limited to specific visualizations, may be helpful for the diagnosis. In this study, the problem of automatic classification of pulmonary diseases, including the recently emerged COVID-19, from X-ray images, is considered. Deep Learning has proven to be a remarkable method to extract massive high-dimensional features from medical images. Specifically, in this paper, the state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Network called Mobile Net is employed and trained from scratch to investigate the importance of the extracted features for the classification task. A large-scale dataset of 3905 X-ray images, corresponding to 6 diseases, is utilized for training MobileNet v2, which has been proven to achieve excellent results in related tasks. Training the CNNs from scratch outperforms the other transfer learning techniques, both in distinguishing the X-rays between the seven classes and between Covid-19 and non-Covid-19. A classification accuracy between the seven classes of 87.66% is achieved. Besides, this method achieves 99.18% accuracy, 97.36% Sensitivity, and 99.42% Specificity in the detection of COVID-19. The results suggest that training CNNs from scratch may reveal vital biomarkers related but not limited to the COVID-19 disease, while the top classification accuracy suggests further examination of the X-ray imaging potential."}, {"pmid": 32311790, "pmcid": "PMC7264631", "title": "Comparing Rapid Scoring Systems in Mortality Prediction of Critically Ill Patients With Novel Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Hu, Hai", "Yao, Ni", "Qiu, Yanru"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311790", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid and early severity-of-illness assessment appears to be important for critically ill patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the rapid scoring system on admission of these patients. A total of 138 medical records of critically ill patients with COVID-19 were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics on admission used for calculating Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) and outcomes (survival or death) were collected for each case and extracted for analysis. All patients were divided into two age subgroups (<65 years and \u226565\u00a0years). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed for overall patients and both subgroups. The median [25th quartile, 75th quartile] of MEWS of survivors versus nonsurvivors were 1 [1, 2] and 2 [1, 3] and those of REMS were 5 [2, 6] and 7 [6, 10], respectively. In overall analysis, the area under the ROC curve for the REMS in predicting mortality was 0.833 (95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0= 0.737 to 0.928), higher than that of MEWS (0.677, 95% CI\u00a0= 0.541 to 0.813). An optimal cutoff of REMS (\u22656) had a sensitivity of 89.5%, a specificity of 69.8%, a positive predictive value of 39.5%, and a negative predictive value of 96.8%. In the analysis of subgroup of patients aged <65\u00a0years, the area under the ROC curve for the REMS in predicting mortality was 0.863 (95% CI\u00a0= 0.743 to 0.941), higher than that of MEWS (0.603, 95% CI\u00a0= 0.462 to 0.732). To our knowledge, this study was the first exploration on rapid scoring systems for critically ill patients with COVID-19. The REMS could provide emergency clinicians with an effective adjunct risk stratification tool for critically ill patients with COVID-19, especially for the patients aged <65\u00a0years. The effectiveness of REMS for screening these patients is attributed to its high negative predictive value."}, {"pmid": 32368875, "pmcid": "PMC7201429", "title": "Guide for Nuclear Medicine Applications During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther", "authors": ["Ayan, Asli", "Kirac, F Suna"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368875", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A viral pneumonia rapidly spread from Wuhan, China to all countries in late 2019. In February 2020, WHO named as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared the pandemic on March 11, 2020. To prevent the spread of COVID-19, Ministry of Health of Republic of Turkey and international institutions have published documents defining hygiene rules. After the lung computerized tomography (CT) findings which are important in the diagnosis of COVID-19 are described, protection measures against infection were defined in radiology departments. There is no publication involving protection measures for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in nuclear medicine (NM) (appointment, patient acceptance, imaging and treatment procedures, disinfection etc). There are two reports on CT findings suggesting COVID-19 in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT scan. These lung findings detected in hybrid images will be helpful in the early diagnosis of pulmonary involvement. Infected cases may be asymptomatic and can unintentionally disseminate the virus to surrounding people. This advisory guide has been prepared to avoid infection risk in NM clinics. During the COVID-19 outbreak, staff must use proper personal protective equipment and patients should be evaluated as the elective case according to clinical status. A questionnaire should be made for COVID-19. In cancer cases requiring urgent treatment, radionuclide treatment (RNT) should be planned according to the COVID-19 test result. If the result is negative, RNT can be applied; but if not or if the symptoms are present, RNT must be postponed. Following imaging procedures, scanners and room surfaces should be cleaned by personnel with proper disinfection training."}, {"pmid": 32400288, "title": "COVID-19: Act First, Think Later.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Stoekle, Henri-Corto", "Herve, Christian"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400288", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416956, "pmcid": "PMC7175889", "title": "Digital Orthopaedics: A Glimpse Into the Future in the Midst of a Pandemic.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Bini, Stefano A", "Schilling, Peter L", "Patel, Shaun P", "Kalore, Niraj V", "Ast, Michael P", "Maratt, Joseph D", "Schuett, Dustin J", "Lawrie, Charles M", "Chung, Christopher C", "Steele, G Daxton"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416956", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The response to COVID-19 catalyzed the adoption and integration of digital health tools into the health care delivery model for musculoskeletal patients. The change, suspension, or relaxation of Medicare and federal guidelines enabled the rapid implementation of these technologies. The expansion of payment models for virtual care facilitated its rapid adoption. The authors aim to provide several examples of digital health solutions utilized to manage orthopedic patients during the pandemic and discuss what features of these technologies are likely to continue to provide value to patients and clinicians following its resolution. The widespread adoption of new technologies enabling providers to care for patients remotely has the potential to permanently change the expectations of all stakeholders about the way care is provided in orthopedics. The new era of Digital Orthopaedics will see a gradual and nondisruptive integration of technologies that support the patient's journey through the successful management of their musculoskeletal disease."}, {"pmid": 32304464, "pmcid": "PMC7179058", "title": "Calculate the COVID-19 equation with the people's energy as key variable.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Boggs, Steven D"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304464", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434108, "pmcid": "PMC7214318", "title": "Cancer treatment during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Do not postpone, do it!", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Omarini, Claudia", "Maur, Michela", "Luppi, Gabriele", "Narni, Franco", "Luppi, Mario", "Dominici, Massimo", "Longo, Giuseppe", "Piacentini, Federico"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434108", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of January 2020, a novel betacoronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, progressively spread in Italy. Patients with cancer are considered more prone to infections because of the immunosuppressive status due to both malignancy and anticancer treatments. From the first Italian government restrictions (23rd February), Modena Cancer Center adopted practical health vigilance recommendations to minimise the risk of exposure to the virus without overlooking cancer management. From 23rd February to 31st March 2020, 1257 patients on active anticancer treatment for oncological or haematological malignancies\u00a0attended our institution. All the staff activities were rescheduled following our practical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) guideline. During this period, we have tallied 9 cases of COVID-19 infection (0.71%) in patients with cancer and 3 cases (1.66%) in health workers. The mortality rate of our patients with cancer was 22%, consistent with the data reported in the literature. In conclusion, following our practical health vigilance recommendations, physicians should be confident in maintaining life-saving anticancer treatment without exceedingly increasing the risk of nosocomial COVID-19 infection. The high rate of mortality suggested that all patients on active anticancer treatment with flu-like symptoms have to be carefully screened for COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32398301, "pmcid": "PMC7236822", "title": "Easier access to mechanical ventilation worldwide: an urgent need for low income countries, especially in face of the growing COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Guerin, Claude", "Levy, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398301", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504463, "title": "Battling COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A Conversation with Dr. John Clemens of icddr,b.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504463", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Battling COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A Conversation with Dr. John Clemens of icddr,b."}, {"pmid": 32438941, "title": "South Korea's COVID-19 Infection Status: from the Perspective of Re-Positive after Viral Clearance by Negative Testing.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Kang, Yun Jung"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438941", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 started to occur in South Korea via inflow of the virus from abroad, when a case from Wuhan, China, was first confirmed on January 19th, 2020. Although South Korea has drastically reduced the number of new confirmed cases and is stabilizing the situation with its exemplary disease prevention policies, there remains a problem. These are cases which had shown negative results to PCR (gene amplification) tests as the COVID-19 virus had been removed but turned re-positive after a short period. The Central Clinical Committee analyzed that these re-positive cases after the COVID-19 viral clearance are due to the limits of the test method; it is considered that the genetic material of the 'dead virus' remaining in the cured patients' body is amplified during the test process. Comprehending the above evidence, re-positive casescase of COVID-19 isare not infectious; the virus is not even reactivated. However, further research is required as we lack research results on this subject. Until we can be sure, social distancing and other such policies should be maintained."}, {"pmid": 32385483, "title": "COVID-19 Research in Brief: 2 May to 8 May, 2020.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Carvalho, Thiago"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385483", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369276, "pmcid": "PMC7219535", "title": "Adaptations and Lessons in the Province of Bergamo.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Fagiuoli, Stefano", "Lorini, Ferdinando Luca", "Remuzzi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369276", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32180140, "pmcid": "PMC7091281", "title": "Clinical features of pediatric patients with COVID-19: a report of two family cluster cases.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Ji, Li-Na", "Chao, Shuang", "Wang, Yue-Jiao", "Li, Xue-Jun", "Mu, Xiang-Dong", "Lin, Ming-Gui", "Jiang, Rong-Meng"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32180140", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronovirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has\u00a0spread rapidly\u00a0across the globe. People of all ages are susceptible to COVID-19. However, literature reports on pediatric patients are limited. To improve the recognition of COVID-19 infection in children, we retrospectively reviewed two confirmed pediatric cases from two family clusters. Both clinical features and laboratory examination\u00a0results of the children and their family members were described. The two confirmed children only presented with mild respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. Both of them\u00a0had normal chest CT images. After general and symptomatic treatments, both children\u00a0recovered quickly. Both families had travel histories to Hubei Province. Pediatric patients with COVID-19 are mostly owing to family cluster or with a close contact history. Infected children have relatively milder clinical symptoms than infected adults. We should attach importance to early recognition, early diagnosis, and early treatment of infected children."}, {"pmid": 32399549, "pmcid": "PMC7239245", "title": "Chinese pharmacists' rapid response to the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Tan, Sheng-Lan", "Zhang, Bi-Kui", "Xu, Ping"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399549", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423900, "title": "Alarm bells ring for patient data and privacy in the covid-19 goldrush.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Cox, David"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423900", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364283, "pmcid": "PMC7267435", "title": "The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Elderly Mental Health.", "journal": "Int J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Banerjee, Debanjan"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364283", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475832, "title": "Response to: 'Patients with lupus with COVID-19: University of Michigan experience' by Wallace et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Mathian, Alexis", "Amoura, Zahir"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475832", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515085, "title": "COVID-19 in recent kidney transplant recipients.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Shingare, Ashay", "Bahadur, Madan M", "Raina, Shailesh"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515085", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread across the globe, transplant programs suffered a setback. We report the first experience of COVID-19 infection within 1 month of living donor kidney transplant (LDKT). We describe 2 LDKT recipients who were detected positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at day 19 and day 7 post-transplant. They had minimal symptoms at diagnosis and did not develop any respiratory complications or allograft dysfunction. Immunosuppression was de-escalated; however, nasopharyngeal swab real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) remained positive for SARS-CoV-2 for a prolonged time. Younger age, absence of other comorbidities and lower dose of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) used as induction possibly contributed to good outcome in our recent LDKT recipients compared with earlier published cases of recent deceased donor kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32312585, "pmcid": "PMC7151369", "title": "Reducing medical error during a pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Hay-David, A G C", "Herron, J B T", "Gilling, P", "Miller, A", "Brennan, P A"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312585", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a public health emergency of international concern. By 11 March 2020, it was designated a pandemic owing to its rapid worldwide spread. In this short article we provide some information that might be useful and help equip colleagues to reduce medical error during a pandemic. We advocate a systems-based approach, rather than an individual's sole responsibility, and, look at ways to provide safer healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32365212, "title": "[Covid-19 - deaths and analysis].", "journal": "Lakartidningen", "authors": ["Modig, Karin", "Ahlbom, Anders", "Matthews, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365212", "countries": ["Sweden"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mortality from Covid-19 is monitored in detail and compared between countries with different strategies against the virus. There is, however, often a lack of understanding of what is required in terms of measures and interpretation to enable correct comparisons. The number of deaths from Covid-19 is affected by the testing strategy and many other things that differ between countries. Therefore, today, the most reliable source for monitoring and comparing mortality from Covid-19 is total mortality. In Sweden, there is good correspondence of Covid-19 deaths and total mortality, with a tendency to a higher total mortality indicating some under-reporting of Covid-19 mortality."}, {"pmid": 32489029, "title": "[Treatment of COVID-19 guided by holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine--therapy aimed at both viral and host].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yuan, Rong", "Xin, Qi-Qi", "Tang, Shi-Huan", "Cong, Wei-Hong"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489029", "countries": ["China", "Switzerland"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has further spread, and there is an increasing number of confirmed cases in many countries. On February 28, 2020 of Geneva time, the World Health Organization has raised global risk level to the very high level in view of outbreak of COVID-19. Since some patients' condition appeared to deteriorate rapidly after infection of this 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV), a variety of treatments should be considered. Holistic view and syndrome differentiation are the two characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Therefore, under the guidance of the holistic view, syndrome diffe-rentiation of TCM has achieved good effects in the treatment of COVID-19. This treatment mainly aimed at eliminating pathogens and strengthening overall health, regulating the balance of body and coordinating various of functions of Zangfu organs. In addition, modern medical proposes host-directed therapy(HDT), a strategy aims to interfere with host cell mechanism, enhance immune responses, and reduce exacerbated inflammation. To some extent, the combined application of HDT and antiviral therapy is highly consistent with the therapeutic concept of the holistic view of TCM. Therefore, under the guidance of the holistic view, syndrome differentiation of TCM uses treatments, such as clearing heat, detoxification, relieving asthma, clearing damp and phlegm, together with Lianhua Qingwen Capsules, Maxing Shigan Decoction, and Haoqin Qingdan Decoction under the guidance of these therapeutic methods. These therapeutic methods and prescriptions intervened with both virus and host at the same time in the treatment of COVID-19, which has important implications for the effective clinical treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32341513, "title": "Coronavirus pushes education online.", "journal": "Nat Mater", "authors": ["Sun, Litao", "Tang, Yongming", "Zuo, Wei"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341513", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457526, "title": "Learn from Rwanda's success in tackling COVID-19.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Condo, Jeanine", "Uwizihiwe, Jean Paul", "Nsanzimana, Sabin"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457526", "countries": ["Rwanda"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324222, "pmcid": "PMC7188173", "title": "Switching to another antihypertensive effective drug when using ACEIs/ARBs to treat arterial hypertension during COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Ciulla, Michele M"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324222", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329813, "title": "Defining the burden of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Ralli, M", "Di Stadio, A", "Greco, A", "de Vincentiis, M", "Polimeni, A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329813", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32167747, "pmcid": "PMC7094171", "title": "Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host-Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Baig, Abdul Mannan", "Khaleeq, Areeba", "Ali, Usman", "Syeda, Hira"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167747", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) has gripped the world with apprehension and has evoked a scare of epic proportion regarding its potential to spread and infect humans worldwide. As we are in the midst of an ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, scientists are struggling to understand how it resembles and differs from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) at the genomic and transcriptomic level. In a short time following the outbreak, it has been shown that, similar to SARS-CoV, COVID-19 virus exploits the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to gain entry inside the cells. This finding raises the curiosity of investigating the expression of ACE2 in neurological tissue and determining the possible contribution of neurological tissue damage to the morbidity and mortality caused by COIVD-19. Here, we investigate the density of the expression levels of ACE2 in the CNS, the host-virus interaction and relate it to the pathogenesis and complications seen in the recent cases resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak. Also, we debate the need for a model for staging COVID-19 based on neurological tissue involvement."}, {"pmid": 32105632, "pmcid": "PMC7102538", "title": "Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Yang, Xiaobo", "Yu, Yuan", "Xu, Jiqian", "Shu, Huaqing", "Xia, Jia'an", "Liu, Hong", "Wu, Yongran", "Zhang, Lu", "Yu, Zhui", "Fang, Minghao", "Yu, Ting", "Wang, Yaxin", "Pan, Shangwen", "Zou, Xiaojing", "Yuan, Shiying", "Shang, You"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105632", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in December, 2019, in Wuhan, China. Information about critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection is scarce. We aimed to describe the clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. In this single-centered, retrospective, observational study, we enrolled 52 critically ill adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Wuhan Jin Yin-tan hospital (Wuhan, China) between late December, 2019, and Jan 26, 2020. Demographic data, symptoms, laboratory values, comorbidities, treatments, and clinical outcomes were all collected. Data were compared between survivors and non-survivors. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, as of Feb 9, 2020. Secondary outcomes included incidence of SARS-CoV-2-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the proportion of patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Of 710 patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 52 critically ill adult patients were included. The mean age of the 52 patients was 59\u00b77 (SD 13\u00b73) years, 35 (67%) were men, 21 (40%) had chronic illness, 51 (98%) had fever. 32 (61\u00b75%) patients had died at 28 days, and the median duration from admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) to death was 7 (IQR 3-11) days for non-survivors. Compared with survivors, non-survivors were older (64\u00b76 years [11\u00b72] vs 51\u00b79 years [12\u00b79]), more likely to develop ARDS (26 [81%] patients vs 9 [45%] patients), and more likely to receive mechanical ventilation (30 [94%] patients vs 7 [35%] patients), either invasively or non-invasively. Most patients had organ function damage, including 35 (67%) with ARDS, 15 (29%) with acute kidney injury, 12 (23%) with cardiac injury, 15 (29%) with liver dysfunction, and one (2%) with pneumothorax. 37 (71%) patients required mechanical ventilation. Hospital-acquired infection occurred in seven (13\u00b75%) patients. The mortality of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is considerable. The survival time of the non-survivors is likely to be within 1-2 weeks after ICU admission. Older patients (>65 years) with comorbidities and ARDS are at increased risk of death. The severity of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia poses great strain on critical care resources in hospitals, especially if they are not adequately staffed or resourced. None."}, {"pmid": 32415891, "title": "Considerations in the evaluation and management of oral potentially malignant disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Shanti, Rabie M", "Stoopler, Eric T", "Weinstein, Gregory S", "Newman, Jason G", "Cannady, Steven B", "Rajasekaran, Karthik", "Tanaka, Takako I", "O'Malley, Bert W Jr", "Le, Anh D", "Sollecito, Thomas P"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415891", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in society experiencing unprecedented challenges for health care practitioners and facilities serving at the frontlines of this pandemic. With regard to oral cancer, there is a complete absence of literature regarding the long-term impact of pandemics on patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). The objective of this article is to put forth an institutional multidisciplinary approach for the evaluation and management of OPMDs. A multidisciplinary approach was put formalized within our institution to risk stratify patients based on need for in-person assessment vs telehealth assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic. With judicious risk stratification of patients based on clinical features of their OPMD and with consideration of ongoing mitigation efforts and regional pandemic impact, providers are able to safely care for their patients. The COVID-19 pandemic has required health care practitioners to make novel decisions that are new to us with development of creative pathways of care that focused on patient safety, mitigation efforts, and clinical management of disease processes. The care of patients with OPMDs requires special considerations especially as patients at high risk for severe COVID-19 illness are also higher risk for the development of OPMDs."}, {"pmid": 32360337, "pmcid": "PMC7194681", "title": "Factors Associated with Preventive Behaviours of COVID-19 among Hospital Staff in Iran in 2020: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Barati, Majid", "Bashirian, Saeed", "Jenabi, Ensiyeh", "Khazaei, Salman", "Karimi-Shahanjarini, Akram", "Zareian, Sepideh", "Rezapur-Shahkolai, Forouzan", "Moeini, Babak"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360337", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study was conducted for predicting preventive behaviours of healthcare workers (HCW) towards Covid-19 based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on 761 HCW in Hamadan, Iran, using multi-stage random sampling. The preventive behaviours against COVID-19 among HCW were assessed at a relatively desirable level. Based on the PMT, threat and coping appraisal were predictors of protection motivation to conduct COVID-19 preventive behaviours (P<0.001). The intention was also predictive of COVID-19 preventive behaviours (P<0.001). Consideration of personnel's self-efficacy and their knowledge regarding the effectiveness of protective behaviours in designing staff training programs are recommended."}, {"pmid": 32222169, "pmcid": "PMC7194912", "title": "Antihypertensive drugs and risk of COVID-19? - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Fang, Lei", "Karakiulakis, George", "Roth, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222169", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472810, "title": "Alone Together in Our Fear: Perspectives From the Early Days of Lockdown Due to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nerv Ment Dis", "authors": ["Nields, Jenifer A"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445583, "title": "Erythema multiforme-like lesions in children and COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Torrelo, Antonio", "Andina, David", "Santonja, Carlos", "Noguera-Morel, Lucero", "Bascuas-Arribas, Marta", "Gaitero-Tristan, Jara", "Alonso-Cadenas, Jose Antonio", "Escalada-Pellitero, Silvia", "Hernandez-Martin, Angela", "de la Torre-Espi, Mercedes", "Colmenero, Isabel"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445583", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During examination of cases of chilblains in children and adolescents, we identified four patients who also showed skin lesions similar to erythema multiforme (EM). They had no other known triggers for EM. One of them had a positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2, while the other 3 were negative. Skin biopsies from two patients showed features not typical of EM, such as deep perivascular and perieccrine infiltrate and absence of necrosis of keratinocytes. Immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 spike protein showed granular positivity in endothelial cells and epithelial cells of eccrine glands in both biopsies. All patients had an excellent outcome, and had minimal or no systemic symptoms. The coincidence of EM, a condition commonly related to viruses, and chilblains in the setting of COVID-19, as well as the positivity for SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by immunohistochemistry strongly suggest a link between EM-like lesions and SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32470235, "title": "COVID-19 and a Potential Rise in Bullying Behaviors.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Yahya, Ahmed Saeed", "Khawaja, Shakil", "Chukwuma, Jude"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470235", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179788, "pmcid": "PMC7075884", "title": "Ginkgolic acid inhibits fusion of enveloped viruses.", "journal": "Sci Rep", "authors": ["Borenstein, Ronen", "Hanson, Barbara A", "Markosyan, Ruben M", "Gallo, Elisa S", "Narasipura, Srinivas D", "Bhutta, Maimoona", "Shechter, Oren", "Lurain, Nell S", "Cohen, Fredric S", "Al-Harthi, Lena", "Nicholson, Daniel A"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179788", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ginkgolic acids (GA) are alkylphenol constituents of the leaves and fruits of Ginkgo biloba. GA has shown pleiotropic effects in vitro, including: antitumor effects through inhibition of lipogenesis; decreased expression of invasion associated proteins through AMPK activation; and potential rescue of amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) induced synaptic impairment. GA was also reported to have activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Several mechanisms for this activity have been suggested including: SUMOylation inhibition; blocking formation of the E1-SUMO intermediate; inhibition of fatty acid synthase; non-specific SIRT inhibition; and activation of protein phosphatase type-2C. Here we report that GA inhibits Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by inhibition of both fusion and viral protein synthesis. Additionally, we report that GA inhibits human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome replication and Zika virus (ZIKV) infection of normal human astrocytes (NHA). We show a broad spectrum of fusion inhibition by GA of all three classes of fusion proteins including HIV, Ebola virus (EBOV), influenza A virus (IAV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV). In addition, we show inhibition of a non-enveloped adenovirus. Our experiments suggest that GA inhibits virion entry by blocking the initial fusion event. Data showing inhibition of HSV-1 and CMV replication, when GA is administered post-infection, suggest a possible secondary mechanism targeting protein and DNA synthesis. Thus, in light of the strong effect of GA on viral infection, even after the infection begins, it may potentially be used to treat acute infections (e.g. Coronavirus, EBOV, ZIKV, IAV and measles), and also topically for the successful treatment of active lesions (e.g. HSV-1, HSV-2 and varicella-zoster virus (VZV))."}, {"pmid": 32433453, "title": "Clinical Findings and Disease Severity in Hospitalized Pregnant Women With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Savasi, Valeria M", "Parisi, Francesca", "Patane, Luisa", "Ferrazzi, Enrico", "Frigerio, Luigi", "Pellegrino, Antonio", "Spinillo, Arsenio", "Tateo, Saverio", "Ottoboni, Mariacristina", "Veronese, Paola", "Petraglia, Felice", "Vergani, Patrizia", "Facchinetti, Fabio", "Spazzini, Donata", "Cetin, Irene"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433453", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the clinical evolution of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized pregnant women and potential factors associated with severe maternal outcomes. We designed a prospective multicenter cohort study of pregnant women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection who were admitted to 12 Italian maternity hospitals between February 23 and March 28, 2020. Clinical records, laboratory and radiologic examinations, and pregnancy outcomes were collected. A subgroup of patients with severe disease was identified based on intensive care unit (ICU) admission, delivery for respiratory compromise, or both. Seventy-seven patients were included, 14 of whom had severe disease (18%). Two thirds of the patients in the cohort were admitted during the third trimester, and 84% were symptomatic on admission. Eleven patients underwent urgent delivery for respiratory compromise (16%), and six were admitted to the ICU (8%). One woman received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; no deaths occurred. Preterm delivery occurred in 12% of patients, and nine newborns were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Patients in the severe subgroup had significantly higher pregestational body mass indexes (BMIs) and heart and respiratory rates and a greater frequency of fever or dyspnea on admission compared with women with a nonsevere disease evolution. In our cohort, one in five women hospitalized with COVID-19 infection delivered urgently for respiratory compromise or were admitted to the ICU. None, however, died. Increased pregestational BMI and abnormal heart and respiratory rates on admission were associated with severe disease."}, {"pmid": 32533442, "title": "Regional differences in hospital admissions for ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarctions during the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic in Austria.", "journal": "Wien Klin Wochenschr", "authors": ["Kiblboeck, Daniel", "Kellermair, Joerg", "Siostrzonek, Peter", "Steinwender, Clemens"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533442", "countries": ["Austria"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277966, "pmcid": "PMC7141456", "title": "Characteristics of deaths amongst health workers in China during the outbreak of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Li, Wei", "Zhang, Jie", "Xiao, Shifu", "Sun, Lin"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277966", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353827, "pmcid": "PMC7202311", "title": "Containing COVID-19 Among 627,386 Persons in Contact With the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship Passengers Who Disembarked in Taiwan: Big Data Analytics.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Chen, Chi-Mai", "Jyan, Hong-Wei", "Chien, Shih-Chieh", "Jen, Hsiao-Hsuan", "Hsu, Chen-Yang", "Lee, Po-Chang", "Lee, Chun-Fu", "Yang, Yi-Ting", "Chen, Meng-Yu", "Chen, Li-Sheng", "Chen, Hsiu-Hsi", "Chan, Chang-Chuan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353827", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Low infection and case-fatality rates have been thus far observed in Taiwan. One of the reasons for this major success is better use of big data analytics in efficient contact tracing and management and surveillance of those who require quarantine and isolation. We present here a unique application of big data analytics among Taiwanese people who had contact with more than 3000 passengers that disembarked at Keelung harbor in Taiwan for a 1-day tour on January 31, 2020, 5 days before the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the Diamond Princess cruise ship on February 5, 2020, after an index case was identified on January 20, 2020. The smart contact tracing-based mobile sensor data, cross-validated by other big sensor surveillance data, were analyzed by the mobile geopositioning method and rapid analysis to identify 627,386 potential contact-persons. Information on self-monitoring and self-quarantine was provided via SMS, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests were offered for symptomatic contacts. National Health Insurance claims big data were linked, to follow-up on the outcome related to COVID-19 among those who were hospitalized due to pneumonia and advised to undergo screening for SARS-CoV-2. As of February 29, a total of 67 contacts who were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were all negative and no confirmed COVID-19 cases were found. Less cases of respiratory syndrome and pneumonia were found after the follow-up of the contact population compared with the general population until March 10, 2020. Big data analytics with smart contact tracing, automated alert messaging for self-restriction, and follow-up of the outcome related to COVID-19 using health insurance data could curtail the resources required for conventional epidemiological contact tracing."}, {"pmid": 32479790, "pmcid": "PMC7259911", "title": "Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer in Wuhan, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Tian, Jianbo", "Yuan, Xianglin", "Xiao, Jun", "Zhong, Qiang", "Yang, Chunguang", "Liu, Bo", "Cai, Yimin", "Lu, Zequn", "Wang, Jing", "Wang, Yanan", "Liu, Shuanglin", "Cheng, Biao", "Wang, Jin", "Zhang, Ming", "Wang, Lu", "Niu, Siyuan", "Yao, Zhi", "Deng, Xiongbo", "Zhou, Fan", "Wei, Wei", "Li, Qinglin", "Chen, Xin", "Chen, Wenqiong", "Yang, Qin", "Wu, Shiji", "Fan, Jiquan", "Shu, Bo", "Hu, Zhiquan", "Wang, Shaogang", "Yang, Xiang-Ping", "Liu, Wenhua", "Miao, Xiaoping", "Wang, Zhihua"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479790", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has spread globally. Epidemiological susceptibility to COVID-19 has been reported in patients with cancer. We aimed to systematically characterise clinical features and determine risk factors of COVID-19 disease severity for patients with cancer and COVID-19. In this multicentre, retrospective, cohort study, we included all adult patients (aged \u226518 years) with any type of malignant solid tumours and haematological malignancy who were admitted to nine hospitals in Wuhan, China, with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between Jan 13 and March 18, 2020. Enrolled patients were statistically matched (2:1) with patients admitted with COVID-19 who did not have cancer with propensity score on the basis of age, sex, and comorbidities. Demographic characteristics, laboratory examinations, illness severity, and clinical interventions were compared between patients with COVID-19 with or without cancer as well as between patients with cancer with non-severe or severe COVID-19. COVID-19 disease severity was defined on admission on the basis of the WHO guidelines. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, cancer type, tumour stage, and antitumour treatments, were used to explore risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR2000030807. Between Jan 13 and March 18, 2020, 13\u2008077 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to the nine hospitals in Wuhan and 232 patients with cancer and 519 statistically matched patients without cancer were enrolled. Median follow-up was 29 days (IQR 22-38) in patients with cancer and 27 days (20-35) in patients without cancer. Patients with cancer were more likely to have severe COVID-19 than patients without cancer (148 [64%] of 232 vs 166 [32%] of 519; odds ratio [OR] 3\u00b761 [95% CI 2\u00b759-5\u00b704]; p<0\u00b70001). Risk factors previously reported in patients without cancer, such as older age; elevated interleukin 6, procalcitonin, and D-dimer; and reduced lymphocytes were validated in patients with cancer. We also identified advanced tumour stage (OR 2\u00b760, 95% CI 1\u00b705-6\u00b743; p=0\u00b7039), elevated tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 (1\u00b722, 1\u00b701-1\u00b747; p=0\u00b7037), elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (1\u00b765, 1\u00b703-2\u00b778; p=0\u00b7032), reduced CD4+ T cells (0\u00b784, 0\u00b771-0\u00b798; p=0\u00b7031), and reduced albumin-globulin ratio (0\u00b712, 0\u00b702-0\u00b777; p=0\u00b7024) as risk factors of COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer. Patients with cancer and COVID-19 were more likely to deteriorate into severe illness than those without cancer. The risk factors identified here could be helpful for early clinical surveillance of disease progression in patients with cancer who present with COVID-19. China National Natural Science Foundation."}, {"pmid": 32528233, "pmcid": "PMC7284674", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 susceptibility and lung inflammatory storm by smoking and vaping.", "journal": "J Inflamm (Lond)", "authors": ["Kaur, Gagandeep", "Lungarella, Giuseppe", "Rahman, Irfan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528233", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of COVID-19 has caused severe morbidity and mortality across the globe. People with a smoking history have severe disease outcomes by COVID-19 infection. Epidemiological studies show that old age and pre-existing disease conditions (hypertension and diabetes) result in severe disease outcome and mortality amongst COVID-19 patients. Evidences suggest that the S1 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 (causative agent of COVID-19) membrane spike has a high affinity towards the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the host's lung epithelium. Likewise, TMPRSS2 protease has been shown to be crucial for viral activation thus facilitating the viral engulfment. The viral entry has been shown to cause 'cytokine storm' involving excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines including IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-2, IL-7, IP-10, MCP-3 or GM-CSF, which is augmented by smoking. Future research could target these inflammatory-immunological responses to develop effective therapy for COVID-19. This mini-review provides a consolidated account on the role of inflammation and immune responses, proteases, and epithelial permeability by smoking and vaping during SARS-CoV2 infection with future directions of research, and provides a list of the potential targets for therapies particularly controlling cytokine storms in the lung."}, {"pmid": 32320516, "pmcid": "PMC7264656", "title": "Scientific research progress of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 in the first five months.", "journal": "J Cell Mol Med", "authors": ["Li, Hua", "Liu, Zhe", "Ge, Junbo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320516", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of pneumonia (COVID-19) cases have been found in Wuhan China in late December, 2019, and subsequently, a novel coronavirus with a positive stranded RNA was identified to be the aetiological virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2), which has a phylogenetic similarity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). SARS-CoV-2 transmits mainly through droplets and close contact and the elder or people with chronic diseases are high-risk population. People affected by SARS-CoV-2 can be asymptomatic, which brings about more difficulties to control the transmission. COVID-19 has become pandemic rapidly after onset, and so far the infected people have been above 2\u00a0000\u00a0000 and more than 130\u00a0000 died worldwide according to COVID-19 situation dashboard of World Health Organization (https://covid19.who.int). Here, we summarized the current known knowledge regarding epidemiological, pathogenesis, pathology, clinical features, comorbidities and treatment of COVID-19/ SARS-CoV-2 as reference for the prevention and control COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32092387, "pmcid": "PMC7126654", "title": "Clinical features of atypical 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia with an initially negative RT-PCR assay.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Hao, Wendong", "Li, Manxiang"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092387", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233040, "title": "Intranasal corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis in COVID-19 infected patients: An ARIA-EAACI statement.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Bousquet, Jean", "Akdis, Cezmi", "Jutel, Marek", "Bachert, Claus", "Klimek, Ludger", "Agache, Ioana", "Ansotegui, Ignacio J", "Bedbrook, Anna", "Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia", "Canonica, Giorgio W", "Chivato, Tomas", "Cruz, Alvaro A", "Czarlewski, Wienia", "Del Giacco, Stefano", "Du, Hui", "Fonseca, Joao A", "Gao, Yadong", "Haahtela, Tari", "Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin", "Ivancevich, Juan C", "Khaltaev, Nikolai", "Knol, Edward F", "Kuna, Piotr", "Larenas-Linnemann, Desiree", "Mullol, Joaquim", "Naclerio, Robert", "Ohta, Ken", "Okamoto, Y", "O'Mahony, Liam", "Onorato, Gabrielle L", "Papadopoulos, Nikos G", "Pfaar, Oliver", "Samolinski, Boleslaw", "Schwarze, Jurgen", "Toppila-Salmi, Sanna", "Teresa Ventura, Maria", "Valiulis, Arunas", "Yorgancioglu, Arzu", "Zuberbier, Torsten"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233040", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32126197, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 5 (Reporting week ending 19:00 AEDT 29 February 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32126197", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is the fifth epidemiological report for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reported in Australia as at 19:00 Australian Eastern Daylight Time [AEDT] 29 February 2020. It includes data on COVID-19 cases diagnosed in Australia, the international situation and a review of current evidence."}, {"pmid": 32357553, "title": "Repurposing Antiviral Protease Inhibitors Using Extracellular Vesicles for Potential Therapy of COVID-19.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Kumar, Santosh", "Zhi, Kaining", "Mukherji, Ahona", "Gerth, Kelli"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357553", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, Chinese health agencies reported an outbreak of a novel coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) which can lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The virus, which belongs to the coronavirus family (SARS-CoV-2), was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Full-length genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 showed 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV, with 96% identity to a bat coronavirus at the whole-genome level. COVID-19 has caused over 133,000 deaths and there are over 2 million total confirmed cases as of April 15th, 2020. Current treatment plans are still under investigation due to a lack of understanding of COVID-19. One potential mechanism to slow disease progression is the use of antiviral drugs to either block the entry of the virus or interfere with viral replication and maturation. Currently, antiviral drugs, including chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and lopinavir/ritonavir, have shown effective inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Due to the high dose needed and narrow therapeutic window, many patients are experiencing severe side effects with the above drugs. Hence, repurposing these drugs with a proper formulation is needed to improve the safety and efficacy for COVID-19 treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a family of natural carriers in the human body. They play a critical role in cell-to-cell communications. EVs can be used as unique drug carriers to deliver protease inhibitors to treat COVID-19. EVs may provide targeted delivery of protease inhibitors, with fewer systemic side effects. More importantly, EVs are eligible for major aseptic processing and can be upscaled for mass production. Currently, the FDA is facilitating applications to treat COVID-19, which provides a very good chance to use EVs to contribute in this combat."}, {"pmid": 32436084, "pmcid": "PMC7239348", "title": "Possible prophylactic or preventive role of topical povidone iodine during accidental ocular exposure to 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Sarma, Phulen", "Kaur, Hardeep", "Medhi, Bikash", "Bhattacharyya, Anusuya"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428166, "title": "COVID-19 in felines, their role in human health and possible implications for their guardians and health surveillance.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Ristow, Luiz Eduardo", "Carvalho, Otavio Valerio de", "Gebara, Rosangela Ribeiro"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428166", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488455, "pmcid": "PMC7266412", "title": "Suicidality in children and adolescents: lessons to be learned from the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Hoekstra, Pieter J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488455", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220657, "pmcid": "PMC7146667", "title": "Parenting in a time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Cluver, Lucie", "Lachman, Jamie M", "Sherr, Lorraine", "Wessels, Inge", "Krug, Etienne", "Rakotomalala, Sabine", "Blight, Stephen", "Hillis, Susan", "Bachman, Gretchen", "Green, Ohad", "Butchart, Alex", "Tomlinson, Mark", "Ward, Catherine L", "Doubt, Jennifer", "McDonald, Kerida"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220657", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251622, "pmcid": "PMC7193141", "title": "Preparing African anticancer centres in the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Souadka, Amine", "Benkabbou, Amine", "Al Ahmadi, Brahim", "Boutayeb, Saber", "Majbar, Mohammed Anass"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251622", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184128, "pmcid": "PMC7195522", "title": "Is Romania ready to face the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak? The role of incoming travelers and that of Romanian diaspora.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gherghel, Iulian", "Bulai, Mihai"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184128", "countries": ["Romania"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402423, "pmcid": "PMC7164842", "title": "Ten key points that vascular doctors learned very quickly about COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Vasc", "authors": ["Priollet, Pascal", "Yannoutsos, Alexandra", "Mourad, Jean-Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402423", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282413, "pmcid": "PMC7197342", "title": "What's Important: What Is Our Role in the COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Lockey, Stephen D"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282413", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292841, "pmcid": "PMC7118653", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Radiation Oncology Clinics and Cancer Patients in the U.S.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Rivera, Amanda", "Ohri, Nitin", "Thomas, Evan", "Miller, Robert", "Knoll, Miriam A"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292841", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306624, "title": "[Airway management of COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, W", "Zhou, B", "Han, D M"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306624", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490913, "title": "Challenges and opportunities for telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic: ideas on spaces and initiatives in the Brazilian context.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Caetano, Rosangela", "Silva, Angelica Baptista", "Guedes, Ana Cristina Carneiro Menezes", "Paiva, Carla Cardi Nepomuceno de", "Ribeiro, Gizele da Rocha", "Santos, Daniela Lacerda", "Silva, Rondineli Mendes da"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490913", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has created enormous challenges for health systems worldwide, with the rapidly growing number of deaths and critical patients with pneumonia requiring ventilatory support. Alternative methods to control the spread of the disease such as social isolation, extreme quarantine measures, and contact tracing have been used around the world. However, these measures may not be totally effective to fight COVID-19, in step with the necessary national preparations to meet the new patient care demands. A wide range of digital technologies can be used to enhance these public health strategies, and the pandemic has sparked increasing use of telehealth. This field has grown considerably in Brazil in recent years. Still, despite the intense proliferation of recommendations and rules, until the current pandemic the country still lacked a fully consolidated regulatory framework. The emergence of COVID-19 marks a key moment in the expansion of applications and use of telehealth for improving the health system's response to the current crisis. The article discusses telehealth's contribution to the fight against COVID-19 and the recent initiatives triggered in Brazil as opportunities for the consolidation of telemedicine and improvement of the Brazilian Unified National Health System. The authors conclude that telehealth offers capabilities for remote screening, care and treatment, and assists monitoring, surveillance, detection, prevention, and mitigation of the impacts on healthcare indirectly related to COVID-19. The initiatives triggered in this process can reshape the future space of telemedicine in health services in the territory."}, {"pmid": 32311321, "pmcid": "PMC7164865", "title": "Prevention of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["An, Ping", "Ji, Mengyao", "Ren, Haixia", "Su, Juan", "Ding, Nik Sheng", "Kang, Jian", "Yin, Anning", "Zhou, Qian", "Shen, Linyong", "Zhao, Liang", "Jiang, Xiaoda", "Xiao, Yong", "Tan, Wei", "Lv, Xiaoguang", "Li, Jiao", "Liu, Shuzhong", "Zhou, Jing", "Chen, Hongbin", "Xu, Yaqing", "Liu, Jun", "Chen, Mingkai", "Cao, Jiwang", "Zhou, Zhongyin", "Shen, Lei", "Tan, Shiyun", "Yu, Honggang", "Dong, Weiguo", "Ding, Yijuan"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311321", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384906, "pmcid": "PMC7209969", "title": "Use of triiodothyronine to treat critically ill COVID-19 patients: a new clinical trial.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Pantos, Constantinos", "Tseti, Ioulia", "Mourouzis, Iordanis"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384906", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425265, "pmcid": "PMC7229971", "title": "A perfect storm: Root cause analysis of supra-therapeutic anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Speed, V", "Patel, R K", "Byrne, R", "Roberts, L N", "Arya, R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425265", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455440, "title": "Sars-CoV-2 Induced Coagulopathy and Prognosis in Hospitalized Patients: A Snapshot from Italy.", "journal": "Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Giusti, Betti", "Gori, Anna Maria", "Alessi, Manuel", "Rogolino, Angela", "Lotti, Elena", "Poli, Daniela", "Sticchi, Elena", "Bartoloni, Alessandro", "Morettini, Alessandro", "Nozzoli, Carlo", "Peris, Adriano", "Pieralli, Filippo", "Poggesi, Loredana", "Marchionni, Niccolo", "Marcucci, Rossella"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455440", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420934, "title": "Tobacco smoking and COVID-19 pandemic: old and new issues. A summary of the evidence from the scientific literature.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia", "Zaga, Vincenzo", "Gallus, Silvano", "D'Argenio, Paolo", "Gorini, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420934", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic burst onto the international scene as a new disease not affecting patients uniformly; hence it has risen many questions yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to outline the main issues that led tobacco smoking being discussed as a potential risk factor associated with COVID-19. articles from MEDLINE and pre-prints published from January to April 2020 were identified. data from China showed that men had more severe outcomes of COVID-19 than women. Since smoking prevalence is very high among Chinese men in comparison to women, it was hypothesized that smoking could be a risk factor for poor prognosis. This was also supported by the higher prevalence of comorbidities, many of which are tobacco-related diseases, in patients with severe COVID-19, who were also more likely to have a smoking history. A meta-analysis confirmed these results reporting an OR=2.25 (95% CI: 1.49-3.39) for developing severe Covid-19 among patients with a smoking history. Some authors, noticing that reported smoking prevalence among hospitalized patients was substantially below smoking prevalence in the corresponding populations, speculated a protective role of nicotine. However, it is likely that low prevalence among hospitalized patients are partially due to many smokers misclassified as nonsmokers. Tobacco smoking seems to cause a dose-dependent upregulation of the angiotensin-converting- enzyme-2 (ACE2), the virus cellular entry receptor, which could explain the higher risk of severe COVID-19 in smokers. There is need for further independent studies to clarify the role of smoking on COVID-19 incidence, progression and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32287141, "pmcid": "PMC7173698", "title": "Role of mask/respirator protection against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Smereka, Jacek", "Ruetzler, Kurt", "Szarpak, Lukasz", "Filipiak, Krzysztof Jerzy", "Jaguszewski, Milosz"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430111, "pmcid": "PMC7196899", "title": "Achieving Safe, Effective, and Compassionate Quarantine or Isolation of Older Adults With Dementia in Nursing Homes.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Iaboni, Andrea", "Cockburn, Amy", "Marcil, Meghan", "Rodrigues, Kevin", "Marshall, Cecelia", "Garcia, Mary Anne", "Quirt, Hannah", "Reynolds, Katelyn B", "Keren, Ron", "Flint, Alastair J"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430111", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nursing homes are facing the rapid spread of COVID-19 among residents and staff and are at the centre of the public health emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As policy changes and interventions designed to support nursing homes are put into place, there are barriers to implementing a fundamental, highly effective element of infection control, namely the isolation of suspected or confirmed cases. Many nursing home residents have dementia, associated with impairments in memory, language, insight, and judgment that impact their ability to understand and appreciate the necessity of isolation and to voluntarily comply with isolation procedures. While there is a clear ethical and legal basis for the involuntary confinement of people with dementia, the potential for unintended harm with these interventions is high, and there is little guidance for nursing homes on how to isolate safely, while maintaining the human dignity and personhood of the individual with dementia. In this commentary, we discuss strategies for effective, safe, and compassionate isolation care planning, and present a case vignette of a person with dementia who is placed in quarantine on a dementia unit."}, {"pmid": 32427528, "title": "Vexing, Veiled, and Inequitable: Social Distancing and the \"Rights\" Divide in the Age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Fairchild, Amy", "Gostin, Lawrence", "Bayer, Ronald"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427528", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although unprecedented in scope and beyond all our life experiences, sweeping social distancing measures are not without historical precedent. Historically, racism, stigma, and discrimination resulted in grossly inequitable application of disease containment measures. But history also provides examples in which broad measures enjoyed remarkable public support. When it comes to COVID-19, blame and division continue to shape containment responses. But the COVID-19 pandemic also resonates with moments in which there was broad social support for containment precisely because lockdowns or stay at home orders are, on the surface, remarkably equitable. Yet even in a context in which a majority of Americans support social distancing, small but coordinated conservative groups are challenging social distancing as a matter of individual rights. In sharp contrast, vulnerable populations, who bear the heaviest burden of disease, have claimed a right to social distancing as a matter of protection."}, {"pmid": 32354685, "pmcid": "PMC7160056", "title": "Why Choose Cyclosporin A as First-line Therapy in COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Reumatol Clin", "authors": ["Sanchez-Pernaute, Olga", "Romero-Bueno, Fredeswinda I", "Selva-O'Callaghan, Albert"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354685", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360181, "pmcid": "PMC7194707", "title": "Pharmacists' readiness to deal with the coronavirus pandemic: Assessing awareness and perception of roles.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Basheti, Iman A", "Nassar, Razan", "Barakat, Muna", "Alqudah, Rajaa", "Abufarha, Rana", "Mukattash, Tareq L", "Saini, Bandana"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360181", "countries": ["China", "Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by a novel strain of coronavirus was detected in China in December 2019, and declared a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020. Community pharmacists have an important role in supporting the local health emergency preparedness and response arrangements. To investigate pharmacists and pharmacy students' awareness and source of their information regard the management of the coronavirus pandemic, and their perspective of their role during this emergent situation. This descriptive cross-sectional online survey study was conducted in Jordan during the COVID-19 outbreak (from 15 to 30 March 2020). A validated online questionnaire addressing participants' current awareness about epidemics/pandemics and COVID-19, source of information and their perspectives of their role. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS). Participants (n\u00a0=\u00a0726) had a mean age of 26.9 (8.0) years with 71.9% females. Pharmacy students made 35.3% of the sample while the rest were pharmacists. Only 54.3% of participants believed that they got enough education about epidemics/pandemics, and 94.6% of them follow on the latest coronavirus updates on treatments, and that is mainly from the media (59.5%) followed by the World Health Organization reports (58.7%) and then the published researches (57%). Awareness score (out of 20) of pharmacists (n\u00a0=\u00a0470) was significantly higher (p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) than that of students (n\u00a0=\u00a0256). Better Awareness scores were also associated with higher age of participants, graduating from a public versus a private university, and attending more educational workshops. The majority of pharmacists and pharmacy students reported that they have a major role in the management of epidemics/pandemics through the community pharmacies but the majority follow on the latest coronavirus updates from the media. This fact rings bills considering the numerous conflicting messages publicized during the pandemic through the media."}, {"pmid": 32386514, "pmcid": "PMC7210799", "title": "Interventions for treatment of COVID-19: a protocol for a living systematic review with network meta-analysis including individual patient data (The LIVING Project).", "journal": "Syst Rev", "authors": ["Juul, Sophie", "Nielsen, Niklas", "Bentzer, Peter", "Veroniki, Areti Angeliki", "Thabane, Lehana", "Linder, Adam", "Klingenberg, Sarah", "Gluud, Christian", "Jakobsen, Janus Christian"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386514", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading virus infection that has quickly caused extensive burden to individual, families, countries, and the globe. No intervention has yet been proven effective for the treatment of COVID-19. Some randomized clinical trials assessing the effects of different drugs have been published, and more are currently underway. There is an urgent need for a living, dynamic systematic review that continuously evaluates the beneficial and harmful effects of all available interventions for COVID-19. We will conduct a living systematic review based on searches of major medical databases (e.g., MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL) and clinical trial registries from their inception onwards to identify relevant randomized clinical trials. We will update the literature search once a week to continuously assess if new evidence is available. Two review authors will independently extract data and perform risk of bias assessment. We will include randomized clinical trials comparing any intervention for the treatment of COVID-19 (e.g., pharmacological interventions, fluid therapy, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, or similar interventions) with any comparator (e.g., an \"active\" comparator, standard care, placebo, no intervention, or \"active placebo\") for participants in all age groups with a diagnosis of COVID-19. Primary outcomes will be all-cause mortality and serious adverse events. Secondary outcomes will be admission to intensive care, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, quality of life, and non-serious adverse events. The living systematic review will include aggregate data meta-analyses, Trial Sequential Analyses, network meta-analysis, and individual patient data meta-analyses. Risk of bias will be assessed with domains, an eight-step procedure will be used to assess if the thresholds for clinical significance are crossed, and the certainty of the evidence will be assessed by Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE). COVID-19 has become a pandemic with substantial mortality. A living systematic review evaluating the beneficial and harmful effects of pharmacological and other interventions is urgently needed. This review will continuously inform best practice in treatment and clinical research of this highly prevalent disease. PROSPERO CRD42020178787."}, {"pmid": 32305387, "pmcid": "PMC7162742", "title": "Early experience in the COVID-19 pandemic from a vascular surgery unit in a Singapore tertiary hospital.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Leong Tan, Glenn Wei", "Chandrasekar, Sadhana", "Lo, Zhiwen Joseph", "Hong, Qiantai", "Yong, Enming", "Lingam, Pravin", "Zhang, Li", "Quek, Lawrence Han Hwee", "Pua, Uei"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305387", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505530, "title": "Co-infection with an atypical pathogen of COVID-19 in a young.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Fu-Lun", "Wang, Cheng-Hui", "Hung, Ching-Sheng", "Su, Ying-Shih", "Lee, Wen-Sen"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505530", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515676, "title": "Cardiac MRI of Children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19: Case Series.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Blondiaux, Eleonore", "Parisot, Pauline", "Redheuil, Alban", "Tzaroukian, Lucile", "Levy, Yael", "Sileo, Chiara", "Schnuriger, Aurelie", "Lorrot, Mathie", "Guedj, Romain", "Ducou le Pointe, Hubert"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515676", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case series examines cardiac MRI findings in four children and adolescents admitted to intensive care in April 2020 for multisystem inflammatory syndrome and Kawasaki disease-like features related to COVID-19. Acute myocarditis occurred less than 1 week after onset of fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Physical examination showed rash and cheilitis/conjunctivitis. All patients recovered after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR was negative on nasopharyngeal, stool, and respiratory samples and was positive on serology. Cardiac MRI showed diffuse myocardial edema on T2-STIR sequences and native-T1 mapping, with no evidence of late gadolinium enhancement suggestive of replacement fibrosis or focal necrosis. These findings favor post-infectious myocarditis in children and adolescents with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32379027, "title": "Do I Have Coronavirus?", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Chang, Tina"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379027", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276501, "pmcid": "PMC7177341", "title": "Spatio-Temporal Patterns of the 2019-nCoV Epidemic at the County Level in Hubei Province, China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yang, Wentao", "Deng, Min", "Li, Chaokui", "Huang, Jincai"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276501", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Understanding the spatio-temporal characteristics or patterns of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) epidemic is critical in effectively preventing and controlling this epidemic. However, no research analyzed the spatial dependency and temporal dynamics of 2019-nCoV. Consequently, this research aims to detect the spatio-temporal patterns of the 2019-nCoV epidemic using spatio-temporal analysis methods at the county level in Hubei province. The Mann-Kendall and Pettitt methods were used to identify the temporal trends and abrupt changes in the time series of daily new confirmed cases, respectively. The local Moran's I index was applied to uncover the spatial patterns of the incidence rate, including spatial clusters and outliers. On the basis of the data from January 26 to February 11, 2020, we found that there were 11 areas with different types of temporal patterns of daily new confirmed cases. The pattern characterized by an increasing trend and abrupt change is mainly attributed to the improvement in the ability to diagnose the disease. Spatial clusters with high incidence rates during the period were concentrated in Wuhan Metropolitan Area due to the high intensity of spatial interaction of the population. Therefore, enhancing the ability to diagnose the disease and controlling the movement of the population can be confirmed as effective measures to prevent and control the regional outbreak of the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32452563, "title": "Further evidence that far-UVC for disinfection is unlikely to cause erythema or pre-mutagenic DNA lesions in skin.", "journal": "Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed", "authors": ["Barnard, Isla Rose Mary", "Eadie, Ewan", "Wood, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452563", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317113, "pmcid": "PMC7271263", "title": "COVID-19 therapeutic options for patients with kidney disease.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Izzedine, Hassan", "Jhaveri, Kenar D", "Perazella, Mark A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317113", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397698, "title": "[Investigation of a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 in Ningbo].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ye, L X", "Wang, H B", "Lu, H C", "Chen, B B", "Zhu, Y Y", "Gu, S H", "Wang, J M", "Pan, X X", "Fang, T", "Dong, H J"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397698", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 after a mass gathering activity in Ningbo of Zhejiang province and analyze the transmission chain and status of infection cases of different generations. Methods: The tracking of all the close contacts of the first COVID-19 case and epidemiological investigation were conducted on January 29, 2020 after a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 related with a Buddhism rally on January 19 (the 1.19 rally) in Ningbo occurred. The swabs of nose/throat of the cases and close contacts were collected and tested for nucleic acids by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. Results: From January 26 to February 20, 2020, a total of 67 COVID-19 cases and 15 asymptomatic infection cases related with the 1.19 rally were reported in Ningbo. The initial case was the infection source who infected 29 second generation cases and 4 asymptomatic infection cases, in whom 23 second generation cases and 3 asymptomatic infection cases once took bus with the initial case, the attack rate was 33.82% (23/68) and the infection rate was 38.24% (26/68). The risks of suffering from COVID-19 and being infected were 28.91 times and 26.01 times higher in rally participants taking bus with initial case compared with those taking no bus with initial case. In this epidemic, 37 third+ generation cases and 11 related asymptomatic infection cases occurred, the attack rate was 2.88% (37/1 283) and the infection rate was 4.76% (48/1 008). The main transmission routes included vehicle sharing and family transmission. Conclusion: It was a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 caused by a super spreader in a massive rally. The epidemic has been under effective control."}, {"pmid": 32462378, "pmcid": "PMC7252511", "title": "Clinical features of hemodialysis patients with COVID-19: a single-center retrospective study on 32 patients.", "journal": "Clin Exp Nephrol", "authors": ["Du, Xingguo", "Li, Hua", "Dong, Liping", "Li, Xiaojie", "Tian, Ming", "Dong, Junwu"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462378", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We retrospectively analyzed the data of 32 hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 to clarify the epidemiological characteristics of this special population. The data of 32 hemodialysis patients with COVID-19, including epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological, were collected from the Blood Purification Department of Wuhan Fourth Hospital from February 3 to 16, 2020. Of the 32 patients, 23 were male, and the median age was 58 years; the median dialysis vintage was 33 months. Two groups were divided according to the patient's primary renal disease: group 1 (16 patients with diabetic nephropathy), group 2 (12 patients with primary glomerulonephritis, 2 with obstructive kidney disease, 1 with hypertensive renal damage, and 1 with polycystic kidney). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in epidemiological characteristics, blood cell counts, and radiological performance. Hemodialysis patients are susceptible to COVID-19 at all ages, and patients with diabetes may be a high-risk population (50%). Common symptoms included fever (15 cases), cough (21 cases), and fatigue (7 cases). The blood lymphocyte count decreased in 84.6% of the patients (median: 0.765\u2009\u00d7\u2009109/L). Chest CT revealed ground-glass-like lesions in 18 cases, unilateral lung patchiness in 7 cases, bilateral lung patchiness in 7 cases, and pleural effusion in 2 cases. Only 46.875% of the hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 had fever in the early stage; and diabetics may be the most susceptible population. A decrease in blood lymphocyte count and ground-glass opacity on chest CT scan is beneficial in identifying the high-risk population."}, {"pmid": 32513427, "title": "COVID-19 and surgical training in Italy: Residents and young consultants perspectives from the battlefield.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Ferrario, Luca", "Maffioli, Anna", "Bondurri, Andrea A", "Guerci, Claudio", "Lazzarin, Francesco", "Danelli, Piergiorgio"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513427", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is seriously affecting Italy, putting the health system under extreme pressure. Training of medical students and residents is also suffering from this with the suspension of lectures and clinical rotations. What solutions have been taken to deal with the issue?"}, {"pmid": 32471585, "pmcid": "PMC7151538", "title": "Fighting COVID-19 Hypoxia With One Hand Tied Behind Our Back: Blanket Prohibition of High-Flow Oxygen and Noninvasive Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in US Hospitals.", "journal": "Ann Emerg Med", "authors": ["Colla, Joseph", "Rodos, Adam", "Seyller, Hannah", "Weingart, Scott"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471585", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32144096, "title": "Covid-19: UK records first death, as world's cases exceed 100 000.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144096", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239532, "pmcid": "PMC7228311", "title": "Our Italian experience using lung ultrasound for identification, grading and serial follow-up of severity of lung involvement for management of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Echocardiography", "authors": ["Vetrugno, Luigi", "Bove, Tiziana", "Orso, Daniele", "Barbariol, Federico", "Bassi, Flavio", "Boero, Enrico", "Ferrari, Giovanni", "Kong, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239532", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung ultrasound (LU) has rapidly become a tool for assessment of patients stricken by the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Over the past two and a half months (January, February, and first half of March 2020) we have used this modality for identification of lung involvement along with pulmonary severity in patients with suspected or documented COVID-19 infection. Use of LU has helped us in clinical decision making and reduced the use of both chest x-rays and computed tomography (CT)."}, {"pmid": 32283579, "title": "Stability and Viability of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Petti, Stefano"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283579", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333918, "pmcid": "PMC7177073", "title": "Baricitinib therapy in COVID-19: A pilot study on safety and clinical impact.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Cantini, Fabrizio", "Niccoli, Laura", "Matarrese, Daniela", "Nicastri, Emanuele", "Stobbione, Paolo", "Goletti, Delia"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333918", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505780, "title": "Analysis of dermatology-related search engine trends during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for patient demand for outpatient services and telehealth.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Guzman, Anthony K", "Barbieri, John S"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505780", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349133, "title": "Hypercoagulation and Antithrombotic Treatment in Coronavirus 2019: A New Challenge.", "journal": "Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Violi, Francesco", "Pastori, Daniele", "Cangemi, Roberto", "Pignatelli, Pasquale", "Loffredo, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349133", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is clinically characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for a high number of patients needing mechanical ventilation or intensive care units treatment and for the elevated mortality risk. A link between COVID-19 and multiorgan failure may be dependent on the fact that most COVID-19 patients are complicated by pneumonia, which is known to be associated with early changes of clotting and platelet activation and artery dysfunction; these changes may implicate in thrombotic-related events such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Recent data showed that myocardial injury compatible with coronary ischemia may be detectable in SARS-CoV-2 patients and laboratory data exploring clotting system suggest the presence of a hypercoagulation state. Thus, we performed a systematic review of COVID-19 literature reporting measures of clotting activation to assess if changes are detectable in this setting and their relationship with clinical severity. Furthermore, we discussed the biologic plausibility of the thrombotic risk in SARS-CoV-2 and the potential use of an antithrombotic treatment."}, {"pmid": 32430878, "pmcid": "PMC7235430", "title": "COVID-19: a unique learning opportunity if the well-being of learners and frontline workers is adequately supported.", "journal": "Perspect Med Educ", "authors": ["Brand, Paul L P"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430878", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360729, "pmcid": "PMC7187850", "title": "Postmortem Lung Findings in an Asthmatic Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Konopka, Kristine E", "Wilson, Allecia", "Myers, Jeffrey L"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360729", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Asthma is increasingly recognized as an underlying risk factor for severe respiratory disease in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly in the United States. Here, we report the postmortem lung findings from a 37-year-old man with asthma, who met the clinical criteria for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and died of COVID-19 less than 2\u00a0weeks after presentation to the hospital. His lungs showed mucus plugging and other histologic changes attributable to asthma, as well as early diffuse alveolar damage and a fibrinous pneumonia. The presence of diffuse alveolar damage is similar to descriptions of autopsy lung findings from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and the absence of a neutrophil-rich acute bronchopneumonia differs from the histologic changes typical of influenza. The relative contribution of mucus plugging to his hypoxemia is unknown."}, {"pmid": 32505492, "title": "Ethical considerations regarding heart and lung transplantation and mechanical circulatory support during the COVID-19 pandemic: an ISHLT COVID-19 Task Force statement.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Holm, Are M", "Mehra, Mandeep R", "Courtwright, Andrew", "Teuteberg, Jeffrey", "Sweet, Stuart", "Potena, Luciano", "Singer, Lianne G", "Farrero, Marta", "Shullo, Michael A", "Benza, Raymond", "Ensminger, Stephan", "Aslam, Saima"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505492", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To understand the challenges for thoracic transplantation and mechanical circulatory support during the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we propose separating the effects of the pandemic into 5 distinct stages from a healthcare system perspective. We discuss how the classical ethical principles of utility, justice, and efficiency may need to be adapted, and we give specific recommendations for thoracic transplantation and mechanical circulatory support centers to balance their clinical decisions and strategies for advanced heart and lung disease during the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32515393, "title": "Long term complications and rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Dasgupta, Arundhati", "Kalhan, Atul", "Kalra, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515393", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 having caught the world almost unaware millions of people across the globe are presently grappling to deal with its acute effects . Our previous experience with members of the same corona virus family (SARS and MERS) which have caused two major epidemics in the past albeit of much lower magnitude , has taught us that the harmful effect of such outbreaks are not limited to acute complications alone .Long term cardiopulmonary, glucometabolic and neuropsychiatric complications have been documented following these infections .In the given circumstance it is therefore imperative to keep in mind the possible complications that may occur after the acute phase of the disease subsides and to prepare the healthcare system for such challenges."}, {"pmid": 32312827, "pmcid": "PMC7207189", "title": "Lung ultrasonography in a woman with COVID-19: This examination could be remote.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Kirkpatrick, Andrew W", "McKee, Jessica L"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312827", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237148, "title": "Differences between COVID-19 and suspected then confirmed SARS-CoV-2-negative pneumonia: a retrospective study from a single center.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Xinyi", "Yang, Yi", "Huang, Min", "Liu, Lili", "Zhang, Xianxiang", "Xu, Jing", "Geng, Shaoqing", "Han, Bo", "Xiao, Jiangfeng", "Wan, Yanyun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237148", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019. Tens thousands of people have been infected with the disease. Our aim was to distinguish severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients from SARS-CoV-2-negative patients. We retrospectively compared the data of COVID-19 patients with those of suspected and confirmed SARS-CoV-2-negative patients (control patients). There were 78 COVID-19 patients and 26 control patients, whose median ages were significantly different (P\u2009=\u2009.001). The percentage of COVID-19 patients admitting exposure to Wuhan was obviously higher than that of control patients (X2 \u2009=\u200929.130; P\u2009<\u2009.001). Fever and cough appeared more frequently in COVID-19 patients than in the control patients. The routine blood workup parameters of COVID-19 patients did not change much and their mean counts were in the normal range. There were 38.5% of control patients had higher procalcitonin (PCT) levels than 0.5\u2009ng/mL, which was significantly higher than that percentage of COVID-19 patients (X2 \u2009=\u200922.636; P\u2009<\u2009.05), and COVID-19 patients were also more likely to have decreased or normal urea and creatinine levels than control patients (X2 \u2009=\u200924.930, 8.480; P\u2009<\u2009.05).Younger age, exposure to Wuhan, fever, cough, and slight changes in routine blood workup parameters, urea and creatinine were important features discriminating COVID-19 from control patients. Slightly increased, but far less than 0.5\u2009ng/mL, PCT levels also differentiated COVID-19 patients from control patients."}, {"pmid": 32407669, "pmcid": "PMC7196896", "title": "Heightened Innate Immune Responses in the Respiratory Tract of COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Zhou, Zhuo", "Ren, Lili", "Zhang, Li", "Zhong, Jiaxin", "Xiao, Yan", "Jia, Zhilong", "Guo, Li", "Yang, Jing", "Wang, Chun", "Jiang, Shuai", "Yang, Donghong", "Zhang, Guoliang", "Li, Hongru", "Chen, Fuhui", "Xu, Yu", "Chen, Mingwei", "Gao, Zhancheng", "Yang, Jian", "Dong, Jie", "Liu, Bo", "Zhang, Xiannian", "Wang, Weidong", "He, Kunlun", "Jin, Qi", "Li, Mingkun", "Wang, Jianwei"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407669", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreaks of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection have posed a severe threat to global public health. It is unclear how the human immune system responds to this infection. Here, we used metatranscriptomic sequencing to profile immune signatures in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of eight COVID-19 cases. The expression of proinflammatory genes, especially chemokines, was markedly elevated in COVID-19 cases compared to community-acquired pneumonia patients and healthy controls, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes hypercytokinemia. Compared to SARS-CoV, which is thought to induce inadequate interferon (IFN) responses, SARS-CoV-2 robustly triggered expression of numerous IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs exhibit immunopathogenic potential, with overrepresentation of genes involved in inflammation. The transcriptome data was also used to estimate immune cell populations, revealing increases in activated dendritic cells and neutrophils. Collectively, these host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection could further our understanding of disease pathogenesis and point toward antiviral strategies."}, {"pmid": 32449392, "title": "A role for lived experience mental health leadership in the age of Covid-19.", "journal": "J Ment Health", "authors": ["Byrne, Louise", "Wykes, Til"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449392", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321634, "pmcid": "PMC7167227", "title": "Urgent avenues in the treatment of COVID-19: Targeting downstream inflammation to prevent catastrophic syndrome.", "journal": "Joint Bone Spine", "authors": ["Quartuccio, Luca", "Semerano, Luca", "Benucci, Maurizio", "Boissier, Marie-Christophe", "De Vita, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321634", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379342, "pmcid": "PMC7267272", "title": "Clearing the air: an accessible system for suction and safe evacuation of pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Yeo, D", "Kaushal, S", "Ahmed, S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379342", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515254, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Catheterization Laboratory Survey.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Banerjee, Subhash", "Tarantini, Giuseppe", "Abu-Fadel, Mazen", "Banerjee, Avantika", "Little, Bertis B", "Sorajja, Paul", "Shishehbor, Mehdi H", "Brilakis, Emmanouil S"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515254", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is expected to affect operations and lifestyles of interventional cardiologists (ICs) around the world in unprecedented ways. Timely gathering of information on this topic can provide valuable insight and improve the handling of the ongoing and future pandemic outbreaks. Methods and Results A survey instrument developed by the authors was disseminated via email, text messaging, WhatsAppTM and social media to ICs between April 6 and April 11, 2020. A total of 509 responses were collected from 18 countries, mainly from the U.S. (51%) and Italy (36%). Operators reported significant decline in coronary, structural heart and endovascular procedure volumes. Personal protection equipment (PPE) was available to 95% of respondents, however FIT-tested N95 or equivalent masks were available to only 70% and 74% indicated absence of COVID-19 pre-testing. Most (83%) operators expressed concern when asked to perform cardiac catheterization on a suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patient, primarily due to fear of viral transmission (88%). While the survey demonstrated significant compliance with social distancing, high use of telemedicine (69%) and online education platforms (80%), there was concern over impending financial loss. Conclusions Our survey indicates significant reduction in invasive procedure volumes and concern for viral transmission. There is near universal adoption of PPEs, however COVID-19 pre-testing and access to FIT-tested N95 masks is suboptimal. While there is concern over impending financial loss, substantial engagement in telemedicine and online education is reported."}, {"pmid": 32519085, "title": "Facebook, Instagram, Reddit and TikTok: a proposal for health authorities to integrate popular social media platforms in contingency planning amid a global pandemic outbreak.", "journal": "Can J Public Health", "authors": ["Eghtesadi, Marzieh", "Florea, Adrian"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519085", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new severe respiratory coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was detected and has since spread across the globe to be ultimately declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. For physicians and allied medical professionals, the period since has been marked by an increased and rapidly changing flow of information from multiple regional, national and international health authorities, regulating bodies and professional associations. Although social media platforms have an active presence in the instant dissemination of information and medical professionals display active participation in them, traditional channels such as email are still being emphasized as a means of communication. This article discusses the opportunities offered by social media platforms such as Facebook, Reddit and TikTok to disseminate medical information both for the use of physicians and as a means to communicate essential information to the public at large."}, {"pmid": 32365751, "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 Exerts a Distinctive Strategy for Interacting with the ACE2 Human Receptor.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Brielle, Esther S", "Schneidman-Duhovny, Dina", "Linial, Michal"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365751", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 disease has plagued over 200 countries with over three million cases and has resulted in over 200,000 deaths within 3 months. To gain insight into the high infection rate of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we compare the interaction between the human ACE2 receptor and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with that of other pathogenic coronaviruses using molecular dynamics simulations. SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and HCoV-NL63 recognize ACE2 as the natural receptor but present a distinct binding interface to ACE2 and a different network of residue-residue contacts. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have comparable binding affinities achieved by balancing energetics and dynamics. The SARS-CoV-2-ACE2 complex contains a higher number of contacts, a larger interface area, and decreased interface residue fluctuations relative to the SARS-CoV-ACE2 complex. These findings expose an exceptional evolutionary exploration exerted by coronaviruses toward host recognition. We postulate that the versatility of cell receptor binding strategies has immediate implications for therapeutic strategies."}, {"pmid": 32500944, "title": "First detection and genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in an infected cat in France.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Sailleau, C", "Dumarest, M", "Vanhomwegen, J", "Delaplace, M", "Caro, V", "Kwasiborski, A", "Hourdel, V", "Chevaillier, P", "Barbarino, A", "Comtet, L", "Pourquier, P", "Klonjkowski, B", "Manuguerra, J C", "Zientara, S", "Le Poder, S"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500944", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After its first description in Wuhan (China), SARS-CoV-2 the agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread worldwide. Previous studies suggested that pets could be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we investigated the putative infection by SARS-CoV-2 in 22 cats and 11 dogs from owners previously infected or suspected of being infected by SARS-CoV-2. For each animal, rectal, nasopharyngeal swabs and serum were taken. Swabs were submitted to RT-qPCR assays targeting 2 genes of SARS-CoV-2. All dogs were tested SARS-CoV-2 negative. One cat was tested positive by RT-qPCR on rectal swab. Nasopharyngeal swabs from this animal were tested negative. This cat showed mild respiratory and digestive signs. Serological analysis confirms the presence of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 in the both serum samples taken 10 days apart. Genome sequence analysis revealed that the cat SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the phylogenetic clade A2a like most of the French human SARS-CoV-2. This study reports for the first time the natural infection of a cat in France (near Paris) probably through their owners. There is currently no evidence that cats can spread COVID-19 and owners should not abandon their pets or compromise their welfare."}, {"pmid": 32423496, "pmcid": "PMC7261960", "title": "Psychological distress in patients with serious mental illness during the COVID-19 outbreak and one-month mass quarantine in Italy.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Iasevoli, Felice", "Fornaro, Michele", "D'Urso, Giordano", "Galletta, Diana", "Casella, Claudia", "Paternoster, Mariano", "Buccelli, Claudio", "de Bartolomeis, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423496", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32017662, "pmcid": "PMC7233362", "title": "Chest CT Findings in 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections from Wuhan, China: Key Points for the Radiologist.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Kanne, Jeffrey P"], "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32017662", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408679, "title": "Identifying Research Trends and Gaps in the Context of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Zhang, Hongyue", "Shaw, Rajib"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408679", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world in different ways. Not only are people's lives and livelihoods affected, but the virus has also affected people's lifestyles. In the research sector, there have been significant changes, and new research is coming very strongly in the related fields of virology and epidemiology. Similar trends were observed after the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) episodes of 2003 and 2012, respectively. Analyzing 20 years of published scientific papers, this article points out the highlights of coronavirus-related research. Significant progress is observed in the past research related to virology, epidemiology, infectious diseases among others. However, in research linked to public health, its governance, technology, and risk communication there seem to be gap areas. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) global research road map has identified social science-related research as a priority area, more focus needs to be given in the upcoming days for multi, cross and trans-disciplinary research related to public health and disaster risk reduction."}, {"pmid": 32482366, "pmcid": "PMC7245213", "title": "Co-infections among patients with COVID-19: The need for combination therapy with non-anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents?", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lai, Chih-Cheng", "Wang, Cheng-Yi", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482366", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Co-infection has been reported in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome, but there is limited knowledge on co-infection among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The prevalence of co-infection was variable among COVID-19 patients in different studies, however, it could be up to 50% among non-survivors. Co-pathogens included bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumonia, Legionella pneumophila and Acinetobacter baumannii; Candida species and Aspergillus flavus; and viruses such as influenza, coronavirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, parainfluenza, metapneumovirus, influenza B virus, and human immunodeficiency virus. Influenza A was one of the most common co-infective viruses, which may have caused initial false-negative results of real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Laboratory and imaging findings alone cannot help distinguish co-infection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Newly developed syndromic multiplex panels that incorporate SARS-CoV-2 may facilitate the early detection of co-infection among COVID-19 patients. By contrast, clinicians cannot rule out SARS-CoV-2 infection by ruling in other respiratory pathogens through old syndromic multiplex panels at this stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, clinicians must have a high index of suspicion for coinfection among COVID-19 patients. Clinicians can neither rule out other co-infections caused by respiratory pathogens by diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection nor rule out COVID-19 by detection of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory pathogens. After recognizing the possible pathogens causing co-infection among COVID-19 patients, appropriate antimicrobial agents can be recommended."}, {"pmid": 32319440, "title": "[Post-Normal Pandemics: why CoViD-19 requires a new approach to science.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Waltner-Toews, David", "Biggeri, Annibale", "De Marchi, Bruna", "Funtowicz, Silvio", "Giampietro, Mario", "O'Connor, Martin", "Ravetz, Jerome R", "Saltelli, Andrea", "van der Sluijs, Jeroen P"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319440", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In addressing pandemics, science has never seemed more needed and useful, while at the same time limited and powerless. The existing contract between science and society is falling apart. A new covenant is urgently needed to navigate the days ahead."}, {"pmid": 32377596, "pmcid": "PMC7199705", "title": "Experiencing the Surge: Report from a Large New York Radiation Oncology Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Buckstein, Michael", "Skubish, Samantha", "Smith, Kimberly", "Braccia, Irene", "Green, Sheryl", "Rosenzweig, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377596", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose/Objective(s): The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting all aspects of life and changing the practice of medicine. Multiple recommendations exist on how radiation oncology practices should deal with this crisis, but little information is available on what actually happens when the COVID-19 surge arrives. New York City experienced the first surge of COVID-19 in the United States and is now the epicenter of the global pandemic. This study reviews the impact of COVID-19 on a hospital system in New York on aspects of medicine, nursing, radiation therapy, and administration.Materials/Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of the department of radiation oncology in a single health system in New York from 3/1/20 to 4/1/20. Collaboration was obtained from physicians, nursing, radiation therapy, and administration to recall their policies and impact on specific duties. A timeline was reconstructed to chronicle significant events. Numbers were obtained for patients on treatment, treatments breaks, and COVID-19 infections amongst staff and patients. The COVID-19 surge had a tremendous impact on the health system including cessation of all of surgeries, including oncologic surgery, as well as transfer of all inpatient oncology services to makeshift outpatient facilities. Radiation Oncology made aggressive efforts to reduce patients on treatment to protect patients and staff as well reallocate staff and space for more acute clinical needs. Patients on-beam were reduced by 27% from 172 to 125 by 4/1/20. Almost all visits were changed to telemedicine within 2 weeks. Infection rates and quarantine were quite low amongst staff and patients. The majority of residents were deployed into COVID-19 clinical settings. While \"planning for the worst\", our health system was able to make necessary changes to still function at a reduced capacity. Our experience will give other departments a concrete experience to help them make their own policies and manage expectations."}, {"pmid": 32533838, "title": "The pathologic autopsy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) in China: a review.", "journal": "Pathog Dis", "authors": ["Zhou, Baoyong", "Zhao, Wei", "Feng, Ruixi", "Zhang, Xiaohui", "Li, Xuemei", "Zhou, Yang", "Peng, Li", "Li, Yixin", "Zhang, Jinyan", "Luo, Jing", "Li, Lingyu", "Wu, Jingxian", "Yang, Changhong", "Wang, Meijiao", "Zhao, Yong", "Wang, Kejian", "Yu, Huarong", "Peng, Qiling", "Jiang, Ning"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533838", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) emerged in Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread to many countries across all six\u00a0WHO regions. However, its pathobiology remains incompletely understood and many efforts are underway to study it worldwide. To clarify its pathogenesis to some extent, it will inevitably require lots of COVID-2019-associated deaths at pathologic autopsy. Pathologists from all over the world have raised concern with pathologic autopsy relating to COVID-2019. The issue of whether a person dies\u00a0from COVID-2019 infection or not always is an ambiguous problem in some cases,\u00a0and ongoing epidemiology from China may shed light on it. This review retrospectively summarizes the research status of pathologic autopsy in COVID-2019 in China, which will be important for the cause of death, prevention, control and clinical strategies of COVID-2019. Moreover, it points out several challenges at autopsy. We believe pathological studies from China enable to correlate clinical symptoms and pathological features of COVID-2019 for doctors and provide an insight into COVID-2019 disease."}, {"pmid": 32297940, "pmcid": "PMC7184451", "title": "High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in repatriation flights to Greece from three European countries.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Lytras, Theodore", "Dellis, George", "Flountzi, Anastasia", "Hatzianastasiou, Sophia", "Nikolopoulou, Georgia", "Tsekou, Katerina", "Diamantis, Zafiris", "Stathopoulou, Grigoria", "Togka, Marianthi", "Gerolymatos, Gerasimos", "Rigakos, George", "Sapounas, Spiridon", "Tsiodras, Sotirios"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297940", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389838, "pmcid": "PMC7206438", "title": "Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on chronic drug-resistant pain patients treated using brain stimulation approaches.", "journal": "Brain Stimul", "authors": ["Brocalero-Camacho, Angela", "Perez-Borrego, Yolanda A", "Soto-Leon, Vanesa", "Rodriguez-Matas, Maria Jesus", "Foffani, Guglielmo", "Oliviero, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389838", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346988, "pmcid": "PMC7267149", "title": "Summary of recommendations regarding COVID-19 in children with diabetes: Keep Calm and Mind your Diabetes Care and Public Health Advice.", "journal": "Pediatr Diabetes", "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346988", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32065221, "pmcid": "PMC7108526", "title": "Coronaviruses: a paradigm of new emerging zoonotic diseases.", "journal": "Pathog Dis", "authors": ["Salata, Cristiano", "Calistri, Arianna", "Parolin, Cristina", "Palu, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32065221", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel type of coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infecting humans appeared in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019. Since the identification of the outbreak the infection quickly spread involving in one month more than 31,000 confirmed cases with 638 death. Molecular analysis suggest that 2019-nCoV could be originated from bats after passaging in intermediate hosts, highlighting the high zoonotic potential of coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32332241, "title": "Equity360: Gender, Race, and Ethnicity-COVID-19 and Preparing for the Next Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Orthop Relat Res", "authors": ["O'Connor, Mary I"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332241", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205091, "pmcid": "PMC7102572", "title": "Internationally lost COVID-19 cases.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lau, Hien", "Khosrawipour, Veria", "Kocbach, Piotr", "Mikolajczyk, Agata", "Ichii, Hirohito", "Schubert, Justyna", "Bania, Jacek", "Khosrawipour, Tanja"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205091", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With its epicenter in Wuhan, China, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). While many countries have implemented flight restrictions to China, an increasing number of cases with or without travel background to China are confirmed daily. These developments support concerns on possible unidentified and unreported international COVID-19 cases, which could lead to new local disease epicenters. We have analyzed all available data on the development of international COVID-19 cases from January 20th, 2020 until February 18th, 2020. COVID-19 cases with and without travel history to China were divided into cohorts according to the Healthcare Access and Quality Index (HAQ-Index) of each country. Chi-square and Post-hoc testing were performed. While COVID-19 cases with travel history to China seem to peak for each HAQ-cohort, the number of non-travel related COVID-19 cases seem to continuously increase in the HAQ-cohort of countries with higher medical standards. Further analyses demonstrate a significantly lower proportion of reported COVID-19 cases without travel history to China in countries with lower HAQ (HAQ I vs. HAQ II, posthoc p\u00a0<\u00a00.01). Our data indicate that countries with lower HAQ-index may either underreport COVID-19 cases or are unable to adequately detect them. Although our data may be incomplete and must be interpreted with caution, inconsistencies in reporting COVID-19 cases is a serious problem which might sabotage efforts to contain the virus."}, {"pmid": 32122876, "title": "Covid-19: a digital epidemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Chiolero, Arnaud"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122876", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445064, "pmcid": "PMC7242778", "title": "Heparin resistance in COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["White, D", "MacDonald, S", "Bull, T", "Hayman, M", "de Monteverde-Robb, R", "Sapsford, D", "Lavinio, A", "Varley, J", "Johnston, A", "Besser, M", "Thomas, W"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445064", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with COVID-19 have a coagulopathy and high thrombotic risk. In a cohort of 69 intensive care unit (ICU) patients we investigated for evidence of heparin resistance in those that have received therapeutic anticoagulation. 15 of the patients have received therapeutic anticoagulation with either unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), of which full information was available on 14 patients. Heparin resistance to UFH was documented in 8/10 (80%) patients and sub-optimal peak anti-Xa following therapeutic LMWH in 5/5 (100%) patients where this was measured (some patients received both anticoagulants sequentially). Spiking plasma from 12 COVID-19 ICU patient samples demonstrated decreased in-vitro recovery of anti-Xa compared to normal pooled plasma. In conclusion, we have found evidence of heparin resistance in critically unwell COVID-19 patients. Further studies investigating this are required to determine the optimal thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 and management of thrombotic episodes."}, {"pmid": 32523963, "pmcid": "PMC7261967", "title": "Pulmonary embolism: yet another cause of hypoxaemic respiratory failure in COVID-19.", "journal": "ERJ Open Res", "authors": ["Nieri, Dario", "Lenzini, Giulia", "Canari Venturi, Barbara", "Celi, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523963", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pulmonary embolism represents an overlooked cause of worsening respiratory failure in COVID-19. A regular bedside evaluation for atypical features like pleuritic chest pain or pleural effusion could help identify suspected cases for appropriate management. https://bit.ly/3bbBPqZ."}, {"pmid": 32469387, "title": "Neuropathogenesis and Neurologic Manifestations of the Coronaviruses in the Age of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Review.", "journal": "JAMA Neurol", "authors": ["Zubair, Adeel S", "McAlpine, Lindsay S", "Gardin, Tova", "Farhadian, Shelli", "Kuruvilla, Deena E", "Spudich, Serena"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469387", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019, causing human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has now spread into a worldwide pandemic. The pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 have been well described in the literature. Two similar human coronaviruses that cause Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) are known to cause disease in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Emerging evidence suggests COVID-19 has neurologic consequences as well. This review serves to summarize available information regarding coronaviruses in the nervous system, identify the potential tissue targets and routes of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the central nervous system, and describe the range of clinical neurological complications that have been reported thus far in COVID-19 and their potential pathogenesis. Viral neuroinvasion may be achieved by several routes, including transsynaptic transfer across infected neurons, entry via the olfactory nerve, infection of vascular endothelium, or leukocyte migration across the blood-brain barrier. The most common neurologic complaints in COVID-19 are anosmia, ageusia, and headache, but other diseases, such as stroke, impairment of consciousness, seizure, and encephalopathy, have also been reported. Recognition and understanding of the range of neurological disorders associated with COVID-19 may lead to improved clinical outcomes and better treatment algorithms. Further neuropathological studies will be crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of the disease in the central nervous system, and longitudinal neurologic and cognitive assessment of individuals after recovery from COVID-19 will be crucial to understand the natural history of COVID-19 in the central nervous system and monitor for any long-term neurologic sequelae."}, {"pmid": 32444851, "title": "Diagnostics and the coronavirus: don't let the standards slip.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Page, Mark", "Almond, Neil", "Rose, Nicola J", "Schneider, Christian K"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444851", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402375, "pmcid": "PMC7181991", "title": "Modified tracheal extubation for patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Endersby, Ryan V W", "Ho, Esther C Y", "Schubert, Edward", "Spencer, Adam O"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402375", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391299, "pmcid": "PMC7192005", "title": "COVID-19 Infection and Circulating ACE2 Levels: Protective Role in Women and Children.", "journal": "Front Pediatr", "authors": ["Ciaglia, Elena", "Vecchione, Carmine", "Puca, Annibale Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391299", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520083, "title": "Encouragement to submit manuscripts-suggestions from a Japanese Associate Editor of Acta Cirurgica Brasileira.", "journal": "Acta Cir Bras", "authors": ["Kobayashi, Eiji"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520083", "countries": ["Brazil", "Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medicine can be broadly divided into two fields: clinical medicine that aims to save existing patients and basic medical research that aims to save the lives of future patients. In terms of disseminating basic medical research, medical journals play a vital role for physicians and scientists, as they enable them to share experiences. The author, who has been serving as an Associate Editor of the Brazilian journal Acta Cirurgica Brasileira over a long period of time, wishes to encourage physicians and researchers to submit their papers to medical journals. As we currently face the difficult battle against COVID-19 pandemic, physicians worldwide must team up and fight the virus for the safety of our future generations."}, {"pmid": 32487363, "pmcid": "PMC7204733", "title": "Communication with Health Care Workers Regarding Health Care-Associated Exposure to Coronavirus 2019: A Checklist to Facilitate Disclosure.", "journal": "Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf", "authors": ["Wickner, Paige", "Hartley, Tricia", "Salmasian, Hojjat", "Sivashanker, Karthik", "Rhee, Chanu", "Fiumara, Karen", "Resnick, Andrew", "Mendu, Mallika L"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487363", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502825, "pmcid": "PMC7255140", "title": "Assessing the psychological response to the COVID-19: A response to Bitan et al. \"Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population\".", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Pakpour, Amir H", "Griffiths, Mark D", "Lin, Chung-Ying Dr"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502825", "countries": ["Israel"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525616, "title": "Collateral effects of COVID-19 pandemic in pediatric hematooncology: Fatalities caused by diagnostic delay.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Parasole, Rosanna", "Stellato, Pio", "Conter, Valentino", "De Matteo, Antonia", "D'Amato, Luigia", "Colombini, Antonella", "Pecoraro, Carmine", "Bencivenga, Carmela", "Raimondo, Marta", "Silvestri, Susanna", "Tipo, Vincenzo", "Annicchiarico Petruzzelli, Luigi", "Giagnuolo, Giovanna", "Curatolo, Agostino", "Biondi, Andrea", "Menna, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525616", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335170, "pmcid": "PMC7179487", "title": "Characteristics of a family cluster of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Henan, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Jiang, Yuening", "Niu, Wuxue", "Wang, Qian", "Zhao, Hua", "Meng, Li", "Zhang, Cuilian"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335170", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464685, "title": "Out of Hospital Management of LVAD Patients During COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Artif Organs", "authors": ["Mariania, Silvia", "Schmittoa, Jan D"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic touching thousands of patients all around the world. Patients supported with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are usually affected by long-standing cardiovascular diseases and subjected to variations of the normal cardiovascular physiology, thus requiring an even closer monitoring during the COVID-19 outbreak. Nevertheless, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a drastic reduction of routine clinical activities and a consequent risk of looser connections between LVAD patients and their referring center. Potential deleterious effects of such a situation can be delayed recognition of LVAD-related complications, misdiagnosis of COVID-19 and impaired social and psychological well-being for patents and families. As one of the largest LVAD programs worldwide, we designed a sustainable and enforceable telemonitoring algorithm which can be easily adapted to every LVAD center so to maintain optimal quality of care of LVAD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32319448, "title": "[The CoViD-19 epidemic is posing entirely new problems for home cancer care services.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Porzio, Giampiero", "Peris, Flaminia", "Ravoni, Giulio", "Colpani, Emilia", "Cecchi, Martina", "Parretti, Giulia", "Cortellini, Alessio"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319448", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report on the protocol adopted by the Oncological Home Care Service of the Tuscany Cancer Association during the CoViD-19 pandemic. Based on the experience in home cancer care gained during the 2009 earthquake, we have developed strategies to ensure continuity of care, non-abandonment and protection of operators. In this context, the double triage protocol plays a central role, aimed at identifying patients at risk for CoViD-19 infection and rationalizing home access. we describe the protocol and present the preliminary data."}, {"pmid": 32362368, "pmcid": "PMC7181971", "title": "Antibiotics alone as an alternative to appendectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in adults: Changes in treatment modalities related to the COVID-19 health crisis.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Collard, M", "Lakkis, Z", "Loriau, J", "Mege, D", "Sabbagh, C", "Lefevre, J H", "Maggiori, L"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362368", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The massive inflow of patients with COVID-19 requiring urgent care has overloaded hospitals in France and impacts the management of other patients. Deferring hospitalization and non-urgent surgeries has become a priority for surgeons today in order to relieve the health care system. It is obviously not simple to reduce emergency surgery without altering the quality of care or leading to a loss of chance for the patient. Acute appendicitis is a very specific situation and the prevalence of this disease leads us to reconsider this particular disease in the context of the COVID-19 crisis. Indeed, while the currently recommended treatment for uncomplicated acute appendicitis is surgical appendectomy, the non-surgical alternative of medical management by antibiotic therapy alone has been widely evaluated by high-quality studies in the literature. Insofar as the main limitation of exclusively medical treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis is the risk of recurrent appendicitis, this treatment option represents an alternative of choice to reduce the intra-hospital overload in this context of health crisis. The aim of this work is therefore to provide physicians and surgeons with a practical guide based on a review of the literature on the medical treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in adults, to offer this alternative treatment to the right patients and under good conditions, especially when access to the operating room is limited or impossible."}, {"pmid": 32333993, "pmcid": "PMC7175867", "title": "Does the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 virus decrease at high-altitude?", "journal": "Respir Physiol Neurobiol", "authors": ["Arias-Reyes, Christian", "Zubieta-DeUrioste, Natalia", "Poma-Machicao, Liliana", "Aliaga-Raduan, Fernanda", "Carvajal-Rodriguez, Favio", "Dutschmann, Mathias", "Schneider-Gasser, Edith M", "Zubieta-Calleja, Gustavo", "Soliz, Jorge"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333993", "countries": ["China", "Ecuador", "Bolivia, Plurinational State of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the present study we analyze the epidemiological data of COVID-19 of Tibet and high-altitude regions of Bolivia and Ecuador, and compare to lowland data, to test the hypothesis that high-altitude inhabitants (+2,500 m above sea-level) are less susceptible to develop severe adverse effects in acute SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Analysis of available epidemiological data suggest that physiological acclimatization/adaptation that counterbalance the hypoxic environment in high-altitude may protect from severe impact of acute SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Potential underlying mechanisms such as: (i) a compromised half-live of the virus caused by the high-altitude environment, and (ii) a hypoxia mediated down regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is the main binding target of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the pulmonary epithelium are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32514089, "title": "Societal considerations in host genome testing for COVID-19.", "journal": "Genet Med", "authors": ["Milne, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514089", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442244, "title": "Translating Science on COVID-19 to Improve Clinical Care and Support the Public Health Response.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Del Rio, Carlos", "Malani, Preeti"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442244", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418114, "pmcid": "PMC7228868", "title": "Low dose of hydroxychloroquine reduces fatality of critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Yu, Bo", "Li, Chenze", "Chen, Peng", "Zhou, Ning", "Wang, Luyun", "Li, Jia", "Jiang, Hualiang", "Wang, Dao-Wen"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418114", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic with no specific drugs and high fatality. The most urgent need is to find effective treatments. We sought to determine whether hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) application may reduce the death risk of critically ill COVID-19 patients. In this retrospective study, we included 550 critically ill COVID-19 patients who need mechanical ventilation in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, from February 1, 2020 to April 4, 2020. All 550 patients received comparable basic treatments including antiviral drugs and antibiotics, and 48 of them were treated with oral HCQ treatment (200 mg twice a day for 7-10 days) in addition to the basic treatments. Primary endpoint is fatality of patients, and inflammatory cytokine levels were compared between HCQ and non-hydroxychloroquine (NHCQ) treatments. We found that fatalities are 18.8% (9/48) in HCQ group, which is significantly lower than 47.4% (238/502) in the NHCQ group (P<0.001). The time of hospital stay before patient death is 15 (10-21) days and 8 (4-14) days for the HCQ and NHCQ groups, respectively (P<0.05). The levels of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were significantly reduced from 22.2 (8.3-118.9) pg mL-1 at the beginning of the treatment to 5.2 (3.0-23.4) pg mL-1 (P<0.05) at the end of the treatment in the HCQ group but there is no change in the NHCQ group. These data demonstrate that addition of HCQ on top of the basic treatments is highly effective in reducing the fatality of critically ill patients of COVID-19 through attenuation of inflammatory cytokine storm. Therefore, HCQ should be prescribed as a part of treatment for critically ill COVID-19 patients, with possible outcome of saving lives. hydroxychloroquine, IL-6, mortalities, COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32422072, "pmcid": "PMC7233184", "title": "COVID-19 and Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy: The Need to Protect Vulnerable Medicare Beneficiaries.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Hamad, Yasir", "Joynt Maddox, Karen E", "Powderly, William G"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458823, "title": "[Coronavirus Covid-19 infection and breastfeeding: an exploratory review].", "journal": "Rev Esp Salud Publica", "authors": ["Fernandez-Carrasco, Francisco Javier", "Vazquez-Lara, Juana Maria", "Gonzalez-Mey, Urbano", "Gomez-Salgado, Juan", "Parron-Carreno, Tesifon", "Rodriguez-Diaz, Luciano"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458823", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States", "Australia"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus disease is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus, considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) an international public health emergency that may have negative consequences during breastfeeding. The objective of this work is to investigate the action plan on breastfeeding in postpartum women with SARS-CoV-2 and her newborn. A literature search has been conducted through the Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, BVS, and Cuiden databases. The methodological quality of the articles has been assessed using the \"Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation\" (GRADE). This study has not been registered in PROSPERO. A total of 14 documents have been found, of which 9 are observational empirical studies. Most of the studies were conducted in China, Italy, the USA, and Australia. A total of 114 mothers infected with coronavirus with their respective newborns have been assessed. The analyzed investigations state that it is best for the newborn to be breastfed; given that mother's milk samples were analyzed, detecting the presence of antibodies of the coronavirus in them, being a protective factor against infection. Breastfeeding in postpartum women with SARS-CoV-2 is highly recommended for the newborn, if the health of the mother and newborn allow it. When direct breastfeeding is favoured, the appropriate respiratory hygiene measures always have to be considered. Whether the mother's health does not permit direct breastfeeding, her breast milk should be previously extracted and kept unpasteurized. To secure the newborn feeding, milk banks are also an appropriate option."}, {"pmid": 32004758, "pmcid": "PMC7106301", "title": "Full-genome evolutionary analysis of the novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) rejects the hypothesis of emergence as a result of a recent recombination event.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Paraskevis, D", "Kostaki, E G", "Magiorkinis, G", "Panayiotakopoulos, G", "Sourvinos, G", "Tsiodras, S"], "date": "2020-02-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32004758", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) associated with human to human transmission and severe human infection has been recently reported from the city of Wuhan in China. Our objectives were to characterize the genetic relationships of the 2019-nCoV and to search for putative recombination within the subgenus of sarbecovirus. Putative recombination was investigated by RDP4 and Simplot v3.5.1 and discordant phylogenetic clustering in individual genomic fragments was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Our analysis suggests that the 2019-nCoV although closely related to BatCoV RaTG13 sequence throughout the genome (sequence similarity 96.3%), shows discordant clustering with the Bat_SARS-like coronavirus sequences. Specifically, in the 5'-part spanning the first 11,498 nucleotides and the last 3'-part spanning 24,341-30,696 positions, 2019-nCoV and RaTG13 formed a single cluster with Bat_SARS-like coronavirus sequences, whereas in the middle region spanning the 3'-end of ORF1a, the ORF1b and almost half of the spike regions, 2019-nCoV and RaTG13 grouped in a separate distant lineage within the sarbecovirus branch. The levels of genetic similarity between the 2019-nCoV and RaTG13 suggest that the latter does not provide the exact variant that caused the outbreak in humans, but the hypothesis that 2019-nCoV has originated from bats is very likely. We show evidence that the novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) is not-mosaic consisting in almost half of its genome of a distinct lineage within the betacoronavirus. These genomic features and their potential association with virus characteristics and virulence in humans need further attention."}, {"pmid": 32442932, "title": "[COVID-19 experience in a private institution in Buenos Aires during the first month of the pandemic: 26 cases].", "journal": "Medicina (B Aires)", "authors": ["Wainer, Pedro", "Saavedra, Federico", "Tagliapietra, Valeria", "Abeledo, Daiana", "Migliore, Daniela", "Lapadula, Pablo", "Pryluka, Daniel", "Lopez Macchi, Gonzalo", "Diez, Eduardo", "Gnocchi, Cesar"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442932", "countries": ["Italy", "Argentina"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Argentina was reported in Buenos Aires on March 3rd, 2020, in a patient who arrived from Milan. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and course of illness of patients infected with Covid-19 that were hospitalized in a private clinical setting during March 2020. Sixty three patients suspected of COVID-19 infection, were admitted to our hospital during March 2020. Twenty six of these subjects were diagnosed positive by the RT-PCR for SARS Cov-2 in a nasopharyngeal swab specimen. We recorded data about epidemiological characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, in addition to comorbidities, laboratory and radiological studies were done. The median age was 40 years (SD \u00b1 15 years); there was an equal number of men and women; all the patients but one were coming from abroad; the most common symptom was fever (24/26 cases) and lymphopenia (n = 8). We found that there were patients in whom fever disappeared within the first 72h (n = 17) and another group in which the fever lasted six or more days (n = 7). One patient out of 26 died. The population of our study was young and almost all were imported cases, in alinement with the stage of the epidemic at the time when the study was conducted. We observed that there were two patterns in the fever curve but the persistence of it did not lead to a worse prognosis. Larger population studies are required in order to confirm these clinical findings."}, {"pmid": 32167489, "pmcid": "PMC7108922", "title": "The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Casadevall, Arturo", "Pirofski, Liise-Anne"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167489", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246209, "pmcid": "PMC7118704", "title": "The indispensable role of chest CT in the detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Liu, Jing", "Yu, Hui", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246209", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441268, "pmcid": "PMC7151338", "title": "[Rehabilitation in the time of COVID-19].", "journal": "Rehabilitacion (Madr)", "authors": ["Laxe, S", "Page, J C Miangolarra", "Chaler, J", "Fraguas, L Gil", "Gomez, A", "Llavona, R", "Izaguirre, N Salaverria", "Tarifa, P Sanchez", "Santandreu, M E", "Garreta, R"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441268", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519200, "title": "A COVID-19 pneumonia case report of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 in Lombardy, Italy: letter to the editor.", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Beccuti, G", "Ghizzoni, L", "Cambria, V", "Codullo, V", "Sacchi, P", "Lovati, E", "Mongodi, S", "Iotti, G A", "Mojoli, F"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519200", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434805, "title": "Perioperative anesthesia care for patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Mathur, Piyush", "Cywinski, Jacek B", "Khanna, Sandeep", "Trombetta, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434805", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The operating room environment is very dynamic with many unique challenges for anesthesia teams caring for patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. Specific recommendations by national organizations and institution specific step-by-step guidelines and education materials are required to maintain safety for both patients and caregivers perioperatively, with transport, and medication management."}, {"pmid": 32347964, "title": "Molecular-based Alternatives for Colorectal Cancer Screening during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Surg Technol Int", "authors": ["Dockter, Andrew G", "Angelos, George C"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347964", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, important elective procedures, such as screening colonoscopy, have been delayed or cancelled, and there may be a very long waitlist for rescheduling once the moratorium is lifted. However, DNA-based stool sample tests may be useful for colorectal cancer screening when colonoscopy is not available. The aim of this review is to demonstrate the potential utility of enhanced DNA-based stool testing for colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis during crises that strain available healthcare resources, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. This review shows that DNA-based stool sample tests have the potential to enable colorectal cancer screening to prioritize patients to elective colonoscopy procedures, the continued delay of which during the COVID-19 pandemic has already placed a burden on future elective procedures."}, {"pmid": 32409502, "title": "Obesity and COVID-19 Severity in a Designated Hospital in Shenzhen, China.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Cai, Qingxian", "Chen, Fengjuan", "Wang, Tao", "Luo, Fang", "Liu, Xiaohui", "Wu, Qikai", "He, Qing", "Wang, Zhaoqin", "Liu, Yingxia", "Liu, Lei", "Chen, Jun", "Xu, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409502", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with obesity are at increased risk of exacerbations from viral respiratory infections. However, the association of obesity with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear. We examined this association using data from the only referral hospital in Shenzhen, China. A total of 383 consecutively hospitalized patients with COVID-19 admitted from 11 January 2020 to 16 February 2020 and followed until 26 March 2020 at the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen were included. Underweight was defined as a BMI <18.5 kg/m2, normal weight as 18.5-23.9 kg/m2, overweight as 24.0-27.9 kg/m2, and obesity as \u226528 kg/m2. Of the 383 patients, 53.1% were normal weight, 4.2% were underweight, 32.0% were overweight, and 10.7% were obese at admission. Obese patients tended to have symptoms of cough (P = 0.03) and fever (P = 0.06) compared with patients who were not obese. Compared with normal weight patients, those who were overweight had 1.84-fold odds of developing severe COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] 1.84, 95% CI 0.99-3.43, P = 0.05), while those who were obese were at 3.40-fold odds of developing severe disease (OR 3.40, 95% CI 1.40-2.86, P = 0.007), after adjusting for age, sex, epidemiological characteristics, days from disease onset to hospitalization, presence of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver disease and cancer, and drug used for treatment. Additionally, after similar adjustment, men who were obese versus those who were normal weight were at increased odds of developing severe COVID-19 (OR 5.66, 95% CI 1.80-17.75, P = 0.003). In this study, obese patients had increased odds of progressing to severe COVID-19. As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may continue to spread worldwide, clinicians should pay close attention to obese patients, who should be carefully managed with prompt and aggressive treatment."}, {"pmid": 32341531, "pmcid": "PMC7184546", "title": "Could BCG be used to protect against COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Urol", "authors": ["Redelman-Sidi, Gil"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341531", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329600, "title": "Reusable and Recyclable Graphene Masks with Outstanding Superhydrophobic and Photothermal Performances.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Zhong, Hong", "Zhu, Zhaoran", "Lin, Jing", "Cheung, Chi Fai", "Lu, Vivien L", "Yan, Feng", "Chan, Ching-Yuen", "Li, Guijun"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329600", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) is affecting over 210 countries and territories, and it is spreading mainly by respiratory droplets. The use of disposable surgical masks is common for patients, doctors, and even the general public in highly risky areas. However, the current surgical masks cannot self-sterilize in order to reuse or be recycled for other applications. The resulting high economic and environmental costs are further damaging societies worldwide. Herein, we reported a unique method for functionalizing commercially available surgical masks with outstanding self-cleaning and photothermal properties. A dual-mode laser-induced forward transfer method was developed for depositing few-layer graphene onto low-melting temperature nonwoven masks. Superhydrophobic states were observed on the treated masks' surfaces, which can cause the incoming aqueous droplets to bounce off. Under sunlight illumination, the surface temperature of the functional mask can quickly increase to over 80 \u00b0C, making the masks reusable after sunlight sterilization. In addition, this graphene-coated mask can be recycled directly for use in solar-driven desalination with outstanding salt-rejection performance for long-term use. These roll-to-roll production-line-compatible masks can provide us with better protection against this severe virus. The environment can also benefit from the direct recycling of these masks, which can be used for desalinating seawater."}, {"pmid": 32323071, "pmcid": "PMC7174543", "title": "Emergency Endoscopy During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in the North of Italy: Experience from St. Orsola University Hospital-Bologna.", "journal": "Dig Dis Sci", "authors": ["Lauro, A", "Pagano, N", "Impellizzeri, G", "Cervellera, M", "Tonini, V"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323071", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216550, "title": "Geriatric Care during Public Health Emergencies: Lessons Learned from Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Mazumder, Hoimonty", "Hossain, Md Mahbub", "Das, Anupom"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216550", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Geriatric care in public health emergencies is a serious concern, while, high case-fatalities among older adults across the globe in COVID-19 pandemic implies lack of preparedness. Most of the countries irrespective of developing and developed one enormously struggling because of an inchoate response system ignorant of geriatric health needs. Therefore, a robust approach is highly essential that requires an integrated emergency preparedness by addressing geriatric care."}, {"pmid": 32409438, "title": "Treating acute anxiety in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Khawam, Elias", "Khouli, Hassan", "Pozuelo, Leo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409438", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, there are no firm guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19-related emotional distress. The current approach is based on our knowledge of how to manage anxiety in medically ill patients, taking into consideration all associated medical comorbidities, drug-drug interactions, and the patient's specific needs and preexisting mental illness. Interventions should be implemented at the bedside to augment the patient's own resiliency in coping with these stressful events. A targeted combination of psychopharmacology (targeting acute anxiety and panic symptoms) and psychotherapy (relaxation techniques, breathing exercises, and encouragement) is recommended."}, {"pmid": 32334820, "pmcid": "PMC7138156", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic and the use of MS disease-modifying therapies.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Giovannoni, Gavin", "Hawkes, Chris", "Lechner-Scott, Jeannette", "Levy, Michael", "Waubant, Emmanuelle", "Gold, Julian"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334820", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475151, "title": "Rate of Patient-Driven Biologic Treatment Discontinuation During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2 Academic Hospital Clinics at the University of Toronto.", "journal": "J Cutan Med Surg", "authors": ["Georgakopoulos, Jorge R", "Yeung, Jensen"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475151", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513617, "title": "In vitro diagnostics of coronavirus disease 2019: Technologies and application.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lai, Chih-Cheng", "Wang, Cheng-Yi", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513617", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Laboratory-based diagnostic measures including virological and serological tests are essential for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rRT-PCR) can detect SARS-COV-2 by targeting open reading frame-1 antibodies (ORF1ab), envelope protein, nucleocapsid protein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genes, and the N1, N2, and N3 (3N) target genes. Therefore, rRT-PCR remains the primary method of diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 despite being limited by false-negative results, long turnaround, complex protocols, and a need for skilled personnel. Serological diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is simple and does not require complex techniques and equipment, rendering it suitable for rapid detection and massive screening. However, serological tests cannot confirm SARS-CoV-2, and results will be false-negative when antibody concentrations fall below detection limits. Balancing the increased use of laboratory tests, risk of testing errors, need for tests, burden on healthcare systems, benefits of early diagnosis, and risk of unnecessary exposure is a significant and persistent challenge in diagnosing COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32520285, "title": "Worldwide differences in COVID-19-related mortality.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Hallal, Pedro Curi"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520285", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Spain", "China", "Belgium", "Italy", "India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mortality statistics due to COVID-19 worldwide are compared, by adjusting for the size of the population and the stage of the pandemic. Data from the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, and Our World in Data websites were used. Analyses are based on number of deaths per one million inhabitants. In order to account for the stage of the pandemic, the baseline date was defined as the day in which the 10th death was reported. The analyses included 78 countries and territories which reported 10 or more deaths by April 9. On day 10, India had 0.06 deaths per million, Belgium had 30.46 and San Marino 618.78. On day 20, India had 0.27 deaths per million, China had 0.71 and Spain 139.62. On day 30, four Asian countries had the lowest mortality figures, whereas eight European countries had the highest ones. In Italy and Spain, mortality on day 40 was greater than 250 per million, whereas in China and South Korea, mortality was below 4 per million. Mortality on day 10 was moderately correlated with life expectancy, but not with population density. Asian countries presented much lower mortality figures as compared to European ones. Life expectancy was found to be correlated with mortality."}, {"pmid": 32358105, "title": "Sniffing out Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358105", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Georgina Mills reports on how dogs are being trained to detect coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32315842, "pmcid": "PMC7270651", "title": "The international imperative to rapidly and inexpensively monitor community-wide Covid-19 infection status and trends.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Daughton, Christian"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315842", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334770, "pmcid": "PMC7175842", "title": "The Need to Include Assisted Living in Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Zimmerman, Sheryl", "Sloane, Philip D", "Katz, Paul R", "Kunze, Margo", "O'Neil, Kevin", "Resnick, Barbara"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32073631, "pmcid": "PMC7107315", "title": "Changes of CT findings in a 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia patient.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Fang, X", "Zhao, M", "Li, S", "Yang, L", "Wu, B"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32073631", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302722, "pmcid": "PMC7194674", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 80 hospitalized frontline medical workers infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Wang, Xiong", "Liu, Wei", "Zhao, Jinzhu", "Lu, Yanjun", "Wang, Xu", "Yu, Caizheng", "Hu, Shuhua", "Shen, Na", "Liu, Weiyong", "Sun, Ziyong", "Li, Wengang"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302722", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "More than 1,000 medical workers have been infected with COVID-19 in China. The 80 hospitalized patients included 57 SARS-CoV-2 confirmed and 23 clinically diagnosed. The median age was 39 years, 49 (61.25%) were women, and one patient died. The most common symptoms at onset were fever (65, 81.25%), cough (47, 58.75%), fatigue (28, 35%), myalgia (19, 23.75%), expectoration (19, 23.75%), and diarrhea (15, 18.75%). Patients of frontline medical workers at a single-center hospital showed some unique clinical and laboratory findings compared with other patients in Wuhan and outside of Wuhan. This study provides our experience for other frontline medical workers."}, {"pmid": 32406115, "pmcid": "PMC7264897", "title": "Visualizing the invisible: class excursions to ignite children's enthusiasm for microbes.", "journal": "Microb Biotechnol", "authors": ["McGenity, Terry J", "Gessesse, Amare", "Hallsworth, John E", "Garcia Cela, Esther", "Verheecke-Vaessen, Carol", "Wang, Fengping", "Chavarria, Max", "Haggblom, Max M", "Molin, Soren", "Danchin, Antoine", "Smid, Eddy J", "Lood, Cedric", "Cockell, Charles S", "Whitby, Corinne", "Liu, Shuang-Jiang", "Keller, Nancy P", "Stein, Lisa Y", "Bordenstein, Seth R", "Lal, Rup", "Nunes, Olga C", "Gram, Lone", "Singh, Brajesh K", "Webster, Nicole S", "Morris, Cindy", "Sivinski, Sharon", "Bindschedler, Saskia", "Junier, Pilar", "Antunes, Andre", "Baxter, Bonnie K", "Scavone, Paola", "Timmis, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406115", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have recently argued that, because microbes have pervasive - often vital - influences on our lives, and that therefore their roles must be taken into account in many of the decisions we face, society must become microbiology-literate, through the introduction of relevant microbiology topics in school curricula (Timmis et al. 2019. Environ Microbiol 21: 1513-1528). The current coronavirus pandemic is a stark example of why microbiology literacy is such a crucial enabler of informed policy decisions, particularly those involving preparedness of public-health systems for disease outbreaks and pandemics. However, a significant barrier to attaining widespread appreciation of microbial contributions to our well-being and that of the planet is the fact that microbes are seldom visible: most people are only peripherally aware of them, except when they fall ill with an infection. And it is disease, rather than all of the positive activities mediated by microbes, that colours public perception of 'germs' and endows them with their poor image. It is imperative to render microbes visible, to give them life and form for children (and adults), and to counter prevalent misconceptions, through exposure to imagination-capturing images of microbes and examples of their beneficial outputs, accompanied by a balanced narrative. This will engender automatic mental associations between everyday information inputs, as well as visual, olfactory and tactile experiences, on the one hand, and the responsible microbes/microbial communities, on the other hand. Such associations, in turn, will promote awareness of microbes and of the many positive and vital consequences of their actions, and facilitate and encourage incorporation of such consequences into relevant decision-making processes. While teaching microbiology topics in primary and secondary school is key to this objective, a strategic programme to expose children directly and personally to natural and managed microbial processes, and the results of their actions, through carefully planned class excursions to local venues, can be instrumental in bringing microbes to life for children and, collaterally, their families. In order to encourage the embedding of microbiology-centric class excursions in current curricula, we suggest and illustrate here some possibilities relating to the topics of food (a favourite pre-occupation of most children), agriculture (together with horticulture and aquaculture), health and medicine, the environment and biotechnology. And, although not all of the microbially relevant infrastructure will be within reach of schools, there is usually access to a market, local food store, wastewater treatment plant, farm, surface water body, etc., all of which can provide opportunities to explore microbiology in action. If children sometimes consider the present to be mundane, even boring, they are usually excited with both the past and the future so, where possible, visits to local museums (the past) and research institutions advancing knowledge frontiers (the future) are\u00a0strongly recommended, as is a tapping into the natural enthusiasm of local researchers to leverage the educational value of excursions and virtual excursions. Children are also fascinated by the unknown, so, paradoxically, the invisibility of microbes makes them especially fascinating objects for visualization and exploration. In outlining some of the options for microbiology excursions, providing suggestions for discussion topics and considering their educational value, we strive to extend the vistas of current class excursions and to: (i) inspire teachers and school managers to incorporate more microbiology excursions into curricula; (ii) encourage microbiologists to support school excursions and generally get involved in bringing microbes to life for children; (iii) urge leaders of organizations (biopharma, food industries, universities, etc.) to give school outreach activities a more prominent place in their mission portfolios, and (iv) convey to policymakers the benefits of providing schools with funds, materials and flexibility for educational endeavours beyond the classroom."}, {"pmid": 32165854, "pmcid": "PMC7061485", "title": "Coronavirus disease-2019: is fever an adequate screening for the returning travelers?", "journal": "Trop Med Health", "authors": ["Bwire, George M", "Paulo, Linda S"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165854", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On Thursday, 30 January 2020, World Health Organization declared Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-2019) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Since its identification in late December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China, the number of cases imported into other countries is increasing, and the epidemiological map is changing rapidly. On the other hand, body temperature screening (fever) is the major test performed at points of entry, i.e., airports, in the returning travelers in most of the countries with limited resources. However, the recent report on asymptomatic contact transmission of COVID-19 and travelers who passed the symptoms-based screening and tested positive for COVID-19 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) challenges this approach as body temperature screening may miss travelers incubating the disease or travelers concealing fever during travel. On this note, travel restrictions to and from high risk areas and/or 14 days quarantine of travelers coming from high risk areas are recommended to prevent possible importation of COVID-19. Currently, RT-PCR is a reliable test in detecting both symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32358977, "pmcid": "PMC7267576", "title": "New clinical needs and strategies for care in children with neurodisability during COVID-19.", "journal": "Dev Med Child Neurol", "authors": ["Fazzi, Elisa", "Galli, Jessica"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358977", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315082, "title": "capital PE, Cyrillicpasmall ve, Cyrillica small de, Cyrillicesmall te, Cyrillicesmall short i, Cyrillic-small i, Cyrillicsmall en, Cyrillicsmall ve, Cyrillicasmall el, Cyrillicsmall i, Cyrillicsmall de, Cyrillicosmall ve, Cyrillic small ve, Cyrillic small che, Cyrillicpesmall ze, Cyrillicsmall ve, Cyrillicsmall yeru, Cyrillicsmall che, Cyrillicasmall short i, Cyrillicsmall en, Cyrillicsmall yeru, Cyrillicx csmall i, Cyrillicsmall te, Cyrillicyasmall tse, Cyrillicsmall i, Cyrillicsmall ya, Cyrillicx small ve, Cyrillic osmall be, Cyrillicsmall el, Cyrillicacsmall te, Cyrillicsmall i, Cyrillic small ze, Cyrillicsmall de, Cyrillicpasmall ve, Cyrillicooxpasmall en, Cyrillicesmall en, Cyrillicsmall i, Cyrillicsmall ya, Cyrillic: small pe, Cyrillicposmall be, Cyrillicsmall el, Cyrillicesmall em, Cyrillica COVID-19.", "journal": "Dev Med Child Neurol", "authors": ["Schiariti, Veronica"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315082", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362362, "pmcid": "PMC7152892", "title": "COVID-19: Timing is Important.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["de Simone, Giovanni", "Mancusi, Costantino"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362362", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199471, "pmcid": "PMC7104160", "title": "COVID-19 and the consequences of isolating the elderly.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Armitage, Richard", "Nellums, Laura B"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199471", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32252338, "pmcid": "PMC7231123", "title": "Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Grant, William B", "Lahore, Henry", "McDonnell, Sharon L", "Baggerly, Carole A", "French, Christine B", "Aliano, Jennifer L", "Bhattoa, Harjit P"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252338", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures that can reduce the risk of infection and death in addition to quarantines are desperately needed. This article reviews the roles of vitamin D in reducing the risk of respiratory tract infections, knowledge about the epidemiology of influenza and COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce risk. Through several mechanisms, vitamin D can reduce risk of infections. Those mechanisms include inducing cathelicidins and defensins that can lower viral replication rates and reducing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that produce the inflammation that injures the lining of the lungs, leading to pneumonia, as well as increasing concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several observational studies and clinical trials reported that vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of influenza, whereas others did not. Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19 includes that the outbreak occurred in winter, a time when 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are lowest; that the number of cases in the Southern Hemisphere near the end of summer are low; that vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome; and that case-fatality rates increase with age and with chronic disease comorbidity, both of which are associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration. To reduce the risk of infection, it is recommended that people at risk of influenza and/or COVID-19 consider taking 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D3 for a few weeks to rapidly raise 25(OH)D concentrations, followed by 5000 IU/d. The goal should be to raise 25(OH)D concentrations above 40-60 ng/mL (100-150 nmol/L). For treatment of people who become infected with COVID-19, higher vitamin D3 doses might be useful. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32418776, "pmcid": "PMC7196373", "title": "[After Covid-19: Towards a new dermatology?]", "journal": "Ann Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Petit, A", "Martin, L", "Penso-Assathiany, D", "Consoli, S", "Assouly, P", "Velter, C", "Hefez, L", "Debarre, J-M", "Haddad, L"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418776", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532013, "title": "Exercising in Times of Lockdown: An Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19 on Levels and Patterns of Exercise among Adults in Belgium.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Constandt, Bram", "Thibaut, Erik", "De Bosscher, Veerle", "Scheerder, Jeroen", "Ricour, Margot", "Willem, Annick"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532013", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Countries all over the world implemented lockdowns to counteract COVID-19. These lockdowns heavily limited people's exercise possibilities. At the same time, experts advocated to remain physically active to prevent future health problems. Based on an online survey, this study examines adults' exercise levels and patterns during the COVID-19 lockdown in Belgium. Ordinal logistic regression analyses of 13,515 valid and population-weighted responses indicate a general increase in exercise frequencies, as well as in sedentary behavior. Except for people aged 55+, previously low active adults self-reported to exercise more during the lockdown. Among the people who were already high active before COVID-19, those above 55 years old, those with low education, those used to exercise with friends or in a sport club, and those who were not using online tools to exercise, self-reported to exercise less during the lockdown. Having less time, sitting more, and missing the familiar way and competitive element of exercising were the main reasons for a self-reported exercise reduction. Given the health risks associated with physical inactivity, results imply that governments should consider how those who were not reached can be encouraged to exercise during a lockdown. After all, additional COVID-19 lockdowns might be implemented in the future."}, {"pmid": 32353742, "pmcid": "PMC7177149", "title": "Vitamin D: A simpler alternative to tocilizumab for trial in COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Silberstein, Morry"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353742", "topics": ["Treatment", "Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is anecdotal evidence that tocilizumab, an immunosuppressant drug, may be a potential therapeutic option for patients with severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Like tocilizumab, Vitamin D appears to modulate the activity of an interleukin (IL-6), which may explain the seasonal variation in prevalence of influenza. While most cases of COVID-19 have, thus far, occurred in the Northern Hemisphere winter, limiting the ability to assess seasonal variation, there remains substantial variation in the severity of this condition that has yet to be explained. A retrospective comparison of Vitamin D levels in previously obtained blood samples between survivors and confirmed fatalities could establish a rationale for implementation of widespread Vitamin D supplementation. This would be far cheaper and simpler than tocilizumab as a therapeutic option to trial."}, {"pmid": 32083328, "pmcid": "PMC7228367", "title": "COVID-2019: The role of the nsp2 and nsp3 in its pathogenesis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Angeletti, Silvia", "Benvenuto, Domenico", "Bianchi, Martina", "Giovanetti, Marta", "Pascarella, Stefano", "Ciccozzi, Massimo"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083328", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Last December 2019, a new virus, named novel Coronavirus (COVID-2019) causing many cases of severe pneumonia was reported in Wuhan, China. The virus knowledge is limited and especially about COVID-2019 pathogenesis. The Open Reading Frame 1ab (ORF1ab) of COVID-2019 has been analyzed to evidence the presence of mutation caused by selective pressure on the virus. For selective pressure analysis fast-unconstrained Bayesian approximation (FUBAR) was used. Homology modelling has been performed by SwissModel and HHPred servers. The presence of transmembrane helical segments in Coronavirus ORF1ab non structural protein 2 (nsp2) and nsp3 was tested by TMHMM, MEMSAT, and MEMPACK tools. Three-dimensional structures have been analyzed and displayed using PyMOL. FUBAR analysis revealed the presence of potential sites under positive selective pressure (P\u2009<\u2009.05). Position 723 in the COVID-2019 has a serine instead a glycine residue, while at aminoacidic position 1010 a proline instead an isoleucine. Significant (P\u2009<\u2009.05) pervasive negative selection in 2416 sites (55%) was found. The positive selective pressure could account for some clinical features of this virus compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Bat SARS-like CoV. The stabilizing mutation falling in the endosome-associated-protein-like domain of the nsp2 protein could account for COVID-2019 high ability of contagious, while the destabilizing mutation in nsp3 proteins could suggest a potential mechanism differentiating COVID-2019 from SARS. These data could be helpful for further investigation aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets or vaccine strategy, especially in the actual moment when the epidemic is ongoing and the scientific community is trying to enrich knowledge about this new viral pathogen."}, {"pmid": 32475090, "title": "Back to school: Safe for children with underlying medical conditions.", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Starr, Mike"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475090", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As schools reopen as a result of low community transmission rates of COVID-19, parents and teachers will have understandable concerns about the risks to students and staff."}, {"pmid": 32426751, "pmcid": "PMC7188425", "title": "The Clinical Presentation and Immunology of Viral Pneumonia and Implications for Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Darden, Dijoia B", "Hawkins, Russell B", "Larson, Shawn D", "Iovine, Nicole M", "Prough, Donald S", "Efron, Philip A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426751", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review will briefly examine the clinical presentation and important immunology of viral pneumonia with a focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (coronavirus disease 2019). The most relevant, original and review literature were assessed for inclusion in this review. Sources included the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, and PubMed. Pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalization and death worldwide, with viral etiologies being very common. Given the rapidly emerging pandemic associated with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing coronavirus disease 2019, it is important to review the clinical presentation and immunologic changes associated with viral pneumonia. Symptoms of viral pneumonia include common respiratory tract infection symptoms of cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Immunologic changes include up-regulation of airway pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns contributing to cytokine and genomic changes. Coronavirus disease 2019 clinical presentation is typical of viral pneumonia with an increased prevalence of early pulmonary infiltrates and lymphopenia. Principles of early coronavirus disease 2019 management and isolation as well as potential therapeutic approaches to the emerging pandemic are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32376641, "title": "Love in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Heath, Iona"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376641", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362223, "title": "Psychotherapy in the Age of Coronavirus: A Reflection on Collective Discomfort.", "journal": "Psychiatr Serv", "authors": ["Wade, Brittany"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362223", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471066, "title": "The Exponential Phase of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Central Italy: An Integrated Care Pathway.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Capalbo, Carlo", "Aceti, Antonio", "Simmaco, Maurizio", "Bonfini, Rita", "Rocco, Monica", "Ricci, Alberto", "Napoli, Christian", "Rocco, Matteo", "Alfonsi, Valeria", "Teggi, Antonella", "Orsi, Giovanni Battista", "Borro, Marina", "Santino, Iolanda", "Preissner, Robert", "Marchetti, Paolo", "Marcolongo, Adriano", "Anibaldi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471066", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic is rapidly spreading across the world, representing an unparalleled challenge for health care systems. There are differences in the estimated fatality rates, which cannot be explained easily. In Italy, the estimated case fatality rate was 12.7% in mid-April, while Germany remained at 1.8%. Moreover, it is to be noted that different areas of Italy have very different lethality rates. Due to the complexity of Covid-19 patient management, it is of paramount importance to develop a well-defined clinical workflow in order to avoid the inconsistent management of patients. The Integrated Care Pathway (ICP) represents a multidisciplinary outline of anticipated care to support patient management in the Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome. The main objective of this pilot study was to develop a new ICP evaluated by care indicators, in order to improve the COVID-19 patient management. The suggested ICP was developed by a multi-professional team composed of different specialists and administrators already involved in clinical and management processes. After a review of current internal practices and published evidences, we identified (1) the activities performed during care delivery, (2) the responsibilities for these activities, (3) hospital structural adaptation needs and potential improvements, and (4) ICP indicators. The process map formed the basis of the final ICP document; 160 COVID-19 inpatients were considered, and the effect of the ICP implementation was evaluated over time during the exponential phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, a rapid adoption of ICP and regular audits of quality indicators for the management of COVID-19 patients might be important tools to improve the quality of care and outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32307762, "pmcid": "PMC7264798", "title": "Coronaviruses and people with intellectual disability: an exploratory data analysis.", "journal": "J Intellect Disabil Res", "authors": ["Tummers, J", "Catal, C", "Tobi, H", "Tekinerdogan, B", "Leusink, G"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307762", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been announced as a new coronavirus disease by the World Health Organization. At the time of writing this article (April 2020), the world is drastically influenced by the COVID-19. Recently, the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) was published. For researchers on ID such as ourselves, it is of key interest to learn whether this open research dataset may be used to investigate the virus and its consequences for people with an ID. From CORD-19, we identified full-text articles containing terms related to the ID care and applied a text mining technique, specifically the term frequency-inverse document frequency analysis in combination with K-means clustering. Two hundred fifty-nine articles contained one or more of our specified terms related to ID. We were able to cluster these articles related to ID into five clusters on different topics, namely: mental health, viral diseases, diagnoses and treatments, maternal care and paediatrics, and genetics. The CORD-19 open research dataset consists of valuable information about not only COVID-19 disease but also ID and the relationship between them. We suggest researchers investigate literature-based discovery approaches on the CORD-19 and develop a new dataset that addresses the intersection of these two fields for further research."}, {"pmid": 32457980, "title": "Failure of hydroxychloroquine pre-exposure prophylaxis in COVID-19 infection? A case report.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Kauv, Juliette", "Le, Minh P", "Veyrier, Marc", "Le Hingrat, Quentin", "Visseaux, Benoit", "Massias, Laurent", "Chauveheid, Marie-Paule", "Descamps, Diane", "Ghosn, Jade", "Peytavin, Gilles"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457980", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416259, "pmcid": "PMC7228703", "title": "On the interactions of the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins with monoclonal antibodies and the receptor ACE2.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Correa Giron, Carolina", "Laaksonen, Aatto", "Barroso da Silva, Fernando L"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416259", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a new threat to global health and economy. A promising target for both diagnosis and therapeutics treatments of the new disease named COVID-19 is the coronavirus (CoV) spike (S) glycoprotein. By constant-pH Monte Carlo simulations and the PROCEEDpKa method, we have mapped the electrostatic epitopes for four monoclonal antibodies and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on both SARS-CoV-1 and the new SARS-CoV-2 S receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins. We also calculated free energy of interactions and shown that the S RBD proteins from both SARS viruses binds to ACE2 with similar affinities. However, the affinity between the S RBD protein from the new SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 is higher than for any studied antibody previously found complexed with SARS-CoV-1. Based on physical chemical analysis and free energies estimates, we can shed some light on the involved molecular recognition processes, their clinical aspects, the implications for drug developments, and suggest structural modifications on the CR3022 antibody that would improve its binding affinities for SARS-CoV-2 and contribute to address the ongoing international health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32447059, "pmcid": "PMC7241392", "title": "The Use of Decision Modelling to Inform Timely Policy Decisions on Cardiac Resource Capacity during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Tam, Derrick Y", "Naimark, David", "Natarajan, Madhu K", "Woodward, Graham", "Oakes, Garth", "Rahal, Mirna", "Barrett, Kali", "Khan, Yasin A", "Ximenes, Raphael", "Mac MBiotech, Stephen", "Sander, Beate", "Wijeysundera, Harindra C"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447059", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Ontario, on March 16th, 2020, a directive was issued to all acute care hospitals to halt non-essential procedures in anticipation for a potential surge in COVID-19 patients. This included scheduled outpatient cardiac surgical and interventional procedures that required the use of intensive care units, ventilators, and skilled critical care personnel, given that these procedures would draw from the same pool of resources required for critically ill COVID-19 patients. We adapted the COVID-19 Resource Estimator (CORE) decision analytic model by adding a cardiac component to determine the impact of various policy decisions on the incremental waitlist growth and estimated waitlist mortality for three key groups of cardiovascular disease patients; coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and arrhythmias. We provided predictions based on COVID-19 epidemiology available in real-time, in 3 phases. First, in the initial crisis phase, in a worst case scenario, we showed that the potential number of waitlist related cardiac deaths would be orders of magnitude less than those who would die of COVID-19 if critical cardiac care resources were diverted to the care of COVID-19 patients. Second, with better local epidemiology data, we predicted that across five regions of Ontario, there may be insufficient resources to resume all elective outpatient cardiac procedures. Finally in the recovery phase, we showed that the estimated incremental growth in waitlist for all cardiac procedures is likely substantial. These outputs informed timely, data-driven decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding the provision of cardiovascular care."}, {"pmid": 32425703, "pmcid": "PMC7229957", "title": "NCI's Work to Advance Cancer Research while Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Cancer Cell", "authors": ["Singer, Dinah S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425703", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) is bringing to bear its considerable expertise and capabilities to understand, treat, and prevent the disease. While responding to the pandemic, NCI's priority remains the advancement of cancer research. NCI has implemented many flexibilities for grantees and trainees."}, {"pmid": 32216114, "pmcid": "PMC7184779", "title": "Structural and biochemical characterization of SADS-CoV papain-like protease 2.", "journal": "Protein Sci", "authors": ["Wang, Lu", "Hu, Weihua", "Fan, Chengpeng"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216114", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a novel coronavirus that is involved in severe diarrhea disease in piglets, causing considerable agricultural and economic loss in China. The emergence of this new coronavirus increases the importance of understanding SADS-CoV as well as antivirals. Coronaviral proteases, including main proteases and papain-like proteases (PLP), are attractive antiviral targets because of their essential roles in polyprotein processing and thus viral maturation. Here, we describe the biochemical and structural identification of recombinant SADS papain-like protease 2 (PLP2) domain of nsp3. The SADS-CoV PLP2 was shown to cleave nsp1 proteins and also peptides mimicking the nsp2|nsp3 cleavage site and also had deubiquitinating and deISGynating activity by in vitro assays. The crystal structure adopts an architecture resembling that of PLPs from other coronaviruses. We characterize both conserved and unique structural features likely directing the interaction of PLP2 with the substrates, including the tentative mapping of active site and other essential residues. These results provide a foundation for understanding the molecular basis of coronaviral PLPs' catalytic mechanism and for the screening and design of therapeutics to combat infection by SADS coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32416017, "title": "Nursing Education After COVID-19: Same or Different?", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Morin, Karen H"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416017", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the advent of Covid-19 has required nurse faculty be innovative, flexible, nimble, and agile, there have been challenges. For example, faculty have had to move in-person classes online; conceptualize and offer alternative clinical experiences; and re-define how student performance is evaluated and graded. When we look back on this experience, what will faculty have learned from these experiences, and what are possible changes arising from these learnings?"}, {"pmid": 32240618, "pmcid": "PMC7225406", "title": "Screening faecal microbiota transplant donors for SARS-CoV-2 by molecular testing of stool is the safest way forward.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Green, Christopher A", "Quraishi, Mohammed N", "Shabir, Sahida", "Sharma, Naveen", "Hansen, Richard", "Gaya, Daniel R", "Hart, Ailsa L", "Loman, Nicholas J", "Iqbal, Tariq H"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240618", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514743, "title": "Bariatric surgery and the COVID-19 pandemic: SICOB recommendations on how to perform surgery during the outbreak and when to resume the activities in phase 2 of lockdown.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Navarra, Giuseppe", "Komaei, Iman", "Curro, Giuseppe", "Angrisani, Luigi", "Bellini, Rosario", "Cerbone, Maria Rosaria", "Di Lorenzo, Nicola", "De Luca, Maurizio", "Foletto, Mirto", "Gentileschi, Paolo", "Musella, Mario", "Nannipieri, Monica", "Piazza, Luigi", "Olmi, Stefano", "Pilone, Vincenzo", "Raffaelli, Marco", "Sarro, Giuliano", "Vitiello, Antonio", "Zappa, Marco Antonio", "Foschi, Diego"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514743", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its related disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been rapidly spreading all over the world and is responsible for the current pandemic. The current pandemic has found the Italian national health system unprepared to provide an appropriate and prompt response, heavily affecting surgical activities. Based on the limited data available in the literature and personal experiences, the Societ\u00e0 Italiana di Chirurgia dell'OBesit\u00e0 e Malattie Metaboliche (SICOB) provides recommendations regarding the triage of bariatric surgical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic defining a dedicated path for surgery in morbidly obese patients with known or suspected COVID-19 who may require emergency operations. Finally, the current paper delineates a strategy to resume outpatient visits and elective bariatric surgery once the acute phase of the pandemic is over. Models developed during the COVID-19 crisis should be integrated into hospital practices for future use in similar scenarios. Surgeons are presented with a golden opportunity to embrace systemic change and to drive their professional future."}, {"pmid": 32318855, "pmcid": "PMC7171435", "title": "Does COVID-19 affect male fertility?", "journal": "World J Urol", "authors": ["Abobaker, Anis", "Raba, Ali Ahmed"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318855", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282887, "pmcid": "PMC7184516", "title": "Understanding the Dynamics of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Vollmer, Robin"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282887", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188484, "pmcid": "PMC7081524", "title": "Host susceptibility to severe COVID-19 and establishment of a host risk score: findings of 487 cases outside Wuhan.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Shi, Yu", "Yu, Xia", "Zhao, Hong", "Wang, Hao", "Zhao, Ruihong", "Sheng, Jifang"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188484", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336042, "pmcid": "PMC7267628", "title": "Evaluation of ocular symptoms and tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in patients confirmed with COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Hong, Nan", "Yu, Wangshu", "Xia, Jianhua", "Shen, Ye", "Yap, Maurice", "Han, Wei"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336042", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in tears and conjunctival samples from infected individuals. Conjunctivitis is also reported in a small number of cases. We evaluated ocular symptoms and ocular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in a group of patients with COVID-19. Fifty-six patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were recruited as subjects. Relevant medical histories were obtained from the electronic medical record system. Ocular history and ocular symptoms data were obtained by communicating directly with the subjects. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Salisbury Eye Evaluation Questionnaire (SEEQ) were used to assess the anterior ocular surface condition before and after the onset of disease. Patients classified as severe COVID-19 cases were more likely to have hypertension compared to mild cases (p\u00a0=\u00a00.035). Of the 56 subjects, thirteen patients (23%) were infected in Wuhan, 32 patients (57%) were community-infected, 10 patients (18%) were unknown origin, 1 (2%) was a physician likely infected by a confirmed patient. Three patients wore face mask with precaution when contacting the confirmed patients. Fifteen (27%) had aggravated ocular symptoms, of which 6 (11%) had prodromal ocular symptoms before disease onset. The differences in mean scores of OSDI questionnaire and SEEQ between before and after onset of COVID-19 were all significant (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05 for both). Ocular symptoms are relatively common in COVID-19 disease and may appear just before the onset of respiratory symptoms. Our data provided the anecdotal evidences of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via ocular surface."}, {"pmid": 32303920, "pmcid": "PMC7164840", "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Haiti: A Call for Action.", "journal": "J Community Health", "authors": ["Louis-Jean, James", "Cenat, Kenney", "Sanon, Debbie", "Stvil, Ruthonce"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303920", "countries": ["Haiti"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the cholera outbreak in Haiti demonstrated just how unprepared the country is to rapidly isolate an outbreak of this magnitude, and its vulnerability to the COVID-19 pandemic. This communication briefly examines the health system in Haiti and its vulnerability toward the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32354537, "pmcid": "PMC7175874", "title": "American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Advocacy Efforts in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Huddleston, James I 3rd", "Iorio, Richard", "Bosco, Joseph A 3rd", "Kerr, Joshua M", "Bolognesi, Michael P", "Barnes, C Lowry"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354537", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As soon as it became clear that our economy was going to be paralyzed by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons leadership acted swiftly to ensure that our members were going to be eligible for the anticipated federal economic stimulus. The cessation of elective surgery, enacted in mid-March and necessary to stop the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, would surely challenge the solvency of many of our members' practices. Although our advocacy efforts discussed further have helped, clearly more relief is needed. Fortunately, our mitigation efforts have led to a \"flattening of the curve\" and discussions have begun on when, where, and how to safely start elective surgery again."}, {"pmid": 32483352, "pmcid": "PMC7262487", "title": "Medical and gastroenterological education during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Barberio, Brigida", "Massimi, Davide", "Dipace, Anna", "Zingone, Fabiana", "Farinati, Fabio", "Savarino, Edoardo V"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483352", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498207, "pmcid": "PMC7162772", "title": "Pollen likely seasonal factor in inhibiting flu-like epidemics. A Dutch study into the inverse relation between pollen counts, hay fever and flu-like incidence 2016-2019.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Hoogeveen, Martijn J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498207", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is uncertainty if current models for the Covid-19 pandemic should already take into account seasonality. That is because current environmental factors do not provide a powerful explanation of such seasonality, especially given climate differences between countries with moderate climates. It is hypothesized that one major factor is overlooked: pollen count. Pollen are documented to invoke strong immune responses and might create an environmental factor that makes it more difficult for flu-like viruses to survive outside a host. This Dutch study confirms that there is a (highly) significant inverse correlation between pollen count and weekly changes in medical flu consults, and that there is a highly significant inverse correlation between hay fever incidence, as measured by prescribed medication revenues, and weekly flu consults. This supports the idea that pollen are a direct or indirect factor in the seasonality of flu-like epidemics. If seasonality will be observed during the covid-19 spread as well, it is not unlikely that pollen play a role."}, {"pmid": 32519594, "title": "Validity of teleneuropsychology for older adults in response to COVID-19: A systematic and critical review.", "journal": "Clin Neuropsychol", "authors": ["Marra, David E", "Hamlet, Kristin M", "Bauer, Russell M", "Bowers, Dawn"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: Due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the field of neuropsychology must rapidly evolve to incorporate assessments delivered via telehealth, or teleneuropsychology (TNP). Given the increasing demand to deliver services electronically due to public health concerns, it is important to review available TNP validity studies. This systematic review builds upon the work of Brearly and colleagues' (2017) meta-analysis and provides an updated review of the literature, with special emphasis on test-level validity data.Method: Using similar methodology as Brearly and colleagues (2017) three internet databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost, PsycINFO) were searched for relevant articles published since 2016. Studies with older adults (aged 65+) who underwent face-to-face and TNP assessments in a counterbalanced cross-over design were included. After review, 10 articles were retained. Combined with nine articles from Brearly's analysis, a total of 19 studies were included in the systematic review.Results: Retained studies included samples from 5 different countries, various ethnic/cultural backgrounds, and diverse diagnostic populations. Test-level analysis suggests there are cognitive screeners (MMSE, MoCA), language tests (BNT, Letter Fluency), attention/working memory tasks (Digit Span Total), and memory tests (HVLT-R) with strong support for TNP validity. Other measures are promising but lack sufficient support at this time. Few TNP studies have done in-home assessments and most studies rely on a PC or laptop.Conclusions: Overall, there appears to be good support for TNP assessments in older adults. Challenges to TNP in the current climate are discussed. Finally, a provisional outline of viable TNP procedures used in our clinic is provided."}, {"pmid": 32392431, "title": "Role of Non-Profit Organizations During COVID-19 for Diabetes Care: Health Care Inequities and Role of Virtual Specialty Clinic.", "journal": "Diabetes Technol Ther", "authors": ["Panzirer, David"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392431", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Today, in the United States, we have a health care system that is designed to treat symptoms, not people-and to do so as cheaply as possible with the dual goals of minimizing costs and preventing hospital visits. We are failing on all fronts. We spend more money on health care per capita than our Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) peers, and our outcomes are mediocre at best. Medicine is not personal, health care professionals often have their hands tied by payers, and geography has too much influence on the quality of care available. This has to end, especially since we have the technology to create a truly patient-focused, whole-person approach-one that treats physical and mental health equally and meets people where they are in every sense. Telemedicine can level the playing field and enable higher quality, decentralized care that-when needed-brings specialty care to the masses. Other technologies have an important role, too. For patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (type 1 diabetes), widespread uptake of continuous glucose monitors may be the game-changer we need right now that can facilitate telemedicine to remote places and remove health care disparities. Both health professionals and patients will win-and ultimately payers will, too."}, {"pmid": 32438824, "pmcid": "PMC7263456", "title": "Global Access to Handwashing: Implications for COVID-19 Control in Low-Income Countries.", "journal": "Environ Health Perspect", "authors": ["Brauer, Michael", "Zhao, Jeff T", "Bennitt, Fiona B", "Stanaway, Jeffrey D"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438824", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Low-income countries have reduced health care system capacity and are therefore at risk of substantially higher COVID-19 case fatality rates than those currently seen in high-income countries. Handwashing is a key component of guidance to reduce transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior systematic reviews have indicated the effectiveness of handwashing to reduce transmission of respiratory viruses. In low-income countries, reduction of transmission is of paramount importance, but social distancing is challenged by high population densities and access to handwashing facilities with soap and water is limited. Our objective was to estimate global access to handwashing with soap and water to inform use of handwashing in the prevention of COVID-19 transmission. We utilized observational surveys and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression modeling in the context of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study to estimate access to a handwashing station with available soap and water for 1,062 locations from 1990 to 2019. Despite overall improvements from 1990 {33.6% [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 31.5, 35.6] without access} to 2019, globally in 2019, 2.02 (95% UI: 1.91, 2.14) billion people, 26.1% (95% UI: 24.7, 27.7) of the global population, lacked access to handwashing with available soap and water. More than 50% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania were without access to handwashing in 2019, and in eight countries, \n                        \n                            50\n                            \u2009million\n                        \n                     or more persons lacked access. For populations without handwashing access, immediate improvements in access or alternative strategies are urgently needed, and disparities in handwashing access should be incorporated into COVID-19 forecasting models when applied to low-income countries. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7200."}, {"pmid": 32277746, "pmcid": "PMC7240243", "title": "Fecal Shedding of SARS CoV-2: Implications for Disease Spread and Quarantine.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Meena, Jitendra", "Kumar, Jogender"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277746", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301747, "title": "Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and multiple respiratory pathogens in children.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Jiang, Shupeng", "Liu, Panpan", "Xiong, Ge", "Yang, Zhaohui", "Wang, Ming", "Li, Yan", "Yu, Xue-Jie"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301747", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380453, "pmcid": "PMC7186204", "title": "What dentists need to know about COVID-19.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Baghizadeh Fini, Maryam"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380453", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article aims at collecting all information needed for dentists regarding the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the world by reviewing articles published by now. In late 2019, a pneumonia outbreak of uncertain etiology happened in Wuhan, China. There were many reports related to a live-animal and seafood market, supporting that the pathogens were transferred from animals to humans, rapidly evolving into transmission from human to human. The pathogen was classified as 2019 Novel Corona Virus (2019-nCoV), and the disease was named COrona VIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given that COVID-19 has lately been detected in infected patients' saliva, the COVID-19 outbreak is an alert that all dental and other health professionals must be vigilant in defending against the infectious disease spread, and it may enable to assess whether non-invasive saliva diagnostic for COVID-19. There has so far been no evidence from randomized controlled trials to prescribe any particular anti-nCoV treatment or vaccine, and COVID-19 management has been widely supportive. Since the ACE-2 was expressing on oral cavity mucosa, there is a potentially huge COVID-19 infectious vulnerability risk for oral cavity and brought up a proof for the future prevention procedure in dental practice and daily life. As a result, the whole dental teams should be vigilant and keep patients and themselves in a safe environment by following the guideline in this study."}, {"pmid": 32442347, "title": "The role of ECMO in COVID-19: Can it provide rescue therapy in those who are critically ill?", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Savarimuthu, Sugeevan", "BinSaeid, Jalal", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442347", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Arising from the city of Wuhan, Hubei province in China, a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been rapidly spreading since its first presentation in late 2019. The World Health Organization declared a pandemic on the 11th March 2020, and as of 29th of April 2020 more than 3 million cases have been reported worldwide with over 225\u2009000 confirmed deaths. Where mechanical ventilation may not be enough, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) could play a role as a form of rescue therapy and may provide beneficial results in the hands of skilled clinicians in centers with experience of using ECMO appropriately in selected patients. Our understanding of COVID-19 is ever-changing and the need for intensive care beds is rising, which means that ECMO will surely play a key role in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32400382, "title": "[Brug af hydroxychloroquin til COVID-19].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Bygbjerg, Ib Christian"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400382", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278890, "pmcid": "PMC7146677", "title": "A chaotic and stressed environment for 2019-nCoV suspected, infected and other people in India: Fear of mass destruction and causality.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Sharma, Samriti", "Sharma, Manik", "Singh, Gurvinder"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278890", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433096, "title": "COVID-19: Never Seen Anything Like This Ever!", "journal": "J Nurs Adm", "authors": ["Beckman, Beth P"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433096", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345701, "title": "The Immunocompromised Transplant Recipient and SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Fishman, Jay A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345701", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522305, "title": "PSYCHOGERIATRIC RESEARCH DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPANT VIEWS.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Lum, Hillary D", "Padala, Kalpana P", "Dean, Kim T", "Padala, Prasad R"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522305", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32086886, "title": "[Psychological intervention for patients with oral disease during the pandemic period of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Qu, X", "Zhou, X D"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32086886", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health emergencies have an impact on the public mental health. The outbreak of the novel coronavirus has affected the normal diagnosis and treatment services in stomatological institutions across the country. Delay of non-emergency dental service will have a potential impact on the experience, cognition, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with oral diseases. Through literature retrieving, this article reviewed the oral psychosomatic diseases closely related to a patient's psychological status, such as oral mucosal disease, temporomandibular joint disease, bruxism, periodontal disease and so on. It was believed that the patients with these disorders might be more susceptible to the impact of stress events, and need be paid more attention by dental specialists. At the same time, this article analyzes the possible psychological stress symptoms of patients with various oral diseases, and puts forward suggestions for remote consultation and emergency treatment of dentists. From the perspective of social role, dentist plays not only the role of expert for professional guidance in dentistry, but also the role of helper in psychological counseling for patients."}, {"pmid": 32425005, "pmcid": "PMC7110264", "title": "Dialectical behavior therapy-based psychological intervention for woman in late pregnancy and early postpartum suffering from COVID-19: a case report.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Huang, Jin-Wen", "Zhou, Xiao-Yi", "Lu, Shao-Jia", "Xu, Yi", "Hu, Jian-Bo", "Huang, Man-Li", "Wang, Hua-Fen", "Hu, Chan-Chan", "Li, Shu-Guang", "Chen, Jing-Kai", "Wang, Zhong", "Hu, Shao-Hua", "Wei, Ning"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425005", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of 2019, a new form of pneumonia disease known as the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread throughout most provinces of China, and the total global number of COVID-19 cases has surpassed 500 000 by Mar. 27, 2020 (WHO, 2020). On Jan. 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global health emergency (WHO, 2020). COVID-19 causes most damage to the respiratory system, leading to pneumonia or breathing difficulties. The confirmed case fatality risk (cCFR) was estimated to be 5% to 8% (Jung et al., 2020). Besides physical pain, COVID-19 also induces psychological distress, with depression, anxiety, and stress affecting the general population, quarantined population, medical staff, and patients at different levels (Kang et al., 2020; Xiang et al., 2020). Previous research on patients in isolation wards highlighted the risk of depressed mood, fear, loneliness, frustration, excessive worries, and insomnia (Abad et al., 2010)."}, {"pmid": 32462399, "pmcid": "PMC7252414", "title": "Correction to: Nuclear medicine services after COVID-19: gearing up back to normality.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Huang, H L", "Gnanasegaran, G", "Paez, D", "Fanti, S", "Hacker, M", "Sathekge, M", "Bom, H S", "Cerci, J J", "Chiti, A", "Lan, X", "Herrmann, K", "Scott, A M", "Vinjamuri, S", "Dorbala, S", "Estrada, E", "Pellet, O", "Orellana, P", "El-Haj, N", "Giammarile, F", "Abdel-Wahab, M", "Bomanji, Jamshed"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462399", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The authors P. Orellana and N. El-Haj were inadvertently deleted in the original paper."}, {"pmid": 32359917, "pmcid": "PMC7187875", "title": "Corrigendum to \"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and COVID-19 infection during pregnancy\" [Trav Med Infect Dis. (2020) 101641].", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359917", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440973, "pmcid": "PMC7241065", "title": "Adapting to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Continuing HIV Prevention Services for Adolescents Through Telemonitoring, Brazil.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Dourado, Ines", "Magno, Laio", "Soares, Fabiane", "Massa, Paula", "Nunn, Amy", "Dalal, Shona", "Grangeiro, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440973", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355056, "title": "International Organization for the Study of IBD Recommendations for Surgery in Patients With IBD During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dis Colon Rectum", "authors": ["Remzi, Feza H", "Panis, Yves", "Spinelli, Antonino", "Kotze, Paulo G", "Mantzaris, Gerassimos", "Soderholm, Johan D", "d'Hoore, Andre", "Bemelman, Willem A", "Yamamoto, Takayuki", "Pemberton, John H", "Tiret, Emmanuel", "Oresland, Tom", "Fleshner, Phillip"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355056", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513065, "title": "Persistent Smell Loss Following Undetectable SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Yan, Carol H", "Prajapati, Divya P", "Ritter, Michele L", "DeConde, Adam S"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513065", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The association of smell and taste loss with COVID-19 has been well demonstrated with high prevalence rates. In certain cases, chemosensory loss may be the only symptom of COVID-19 and may linger while other symptoms have resolved. The significance of persistent smell and taste loss and its relationship to ongoing viral shedding has yet to be investigated. In this cross-sectional study, of the 316 laboratory test-confirmed COVID-19 cases at our institution, 46 had subsequent test-based confirmation of viral clearance with 2 consecutive negative RT-PCR test results (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). Olfactory dysfunction was reported by 50% of the patients (23 of 46), with 78% (18 of 23) having subjective persistent smell loss despite negative RT-PCR test results. These preliminary data demonstrate the persistence of self-reported smell loss despite otherwise clinical resolution and undetectable nasal viral RNA."}, {"pmid": 32471650, "pmcid": "PMC7250100", "title": "Acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 disease: Preliminary report on seven patients.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Faggiano, Pompilio", "Bonelli, Andrea", "Paris, Sara", "Milesi, Giuseppe", "Bisegna, Stefano", "Bernardi, Nicola", "Curnis, Antonio", "Agricola, Eustachio", "Maroldi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471650", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is some evidence that Covid 19 pneumonia is associated with prothrombotic status and increased risk of venous thromboembolic events (deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism). Over a two-week period we admitted in our Unit 25 patients with Covid-19 pneumonia, of these pulmonary embolism was diagnosed using computed tomography angiography in 7. We report on clinical and biochemical features of these patients. They were all males, with a mean age of 70.3\u00a0years (range 58-84); traditional risk factors for venous thromboembolism were identified in the majority of patients with pulmonary embolism, however not differently from those without pulmonary embolism. Clinical presentation of pulmonary embolism patients was usually characterized by persistence or worsening of respiratory symptoms, with increasing oxygen requirement. D-dimer levels were several fold higher than the upper threshold of normal; in patients in whom PE was recognized during hospital stay, a rapid and relevant increase of D-dimer levels was observed. Computed tomographic findings ranged from massive acute pulmonary embolism to a segmental or sub-segmental pattern; furthermore, thrombosis of sub-segmental pulmonary arteries within lung infiltrates were occasionally seen, suggesting local mechanisms. Six out of 7 patients were treated with unfractionated or low molecular weight heparin with clinical benefit within few days; one patient needed systemic thrombolysis (death from hemorrhagic complication)."}, {"pmid": 32483524, "pmcid": "PMC7255984", "title": "Isolated severe thrombocytopenia in a patient with COVID-19: A case report.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Sadr, Sara", "SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad", "Ghiasvand, Fereshteh", "Hassan Nezhad, Malihe", "Javadian, Nina", "Hossienzade, Roghieh", "Jafari, Fatemeh"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483524", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is known to cause serious respiratory symptoms and involvement of other body systems such as hematopoietic, neurological and the immune system. In this report, we described a case of a COVID-19 patient who presented with no pulmonary involvement but severe thrombocytopenia. She suffered from headache and malaise with no respiratory symptoms, fever or chills. Chest radiological imaging was unremarkable but, the laboratory results showed significant thrombocytopenia associated with relatively decreased lymphocytes. Based on her high-risk work environment, a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was performed and SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the nasopharyngeal swab. Complete blood count (CBC) of patient was re-checked during admission and platelet count showed rising trend up to normal levels. A narrow diagnostic approach where only febrile patients with pulmonary symptoms are evaluated for a COVID-19 diagnosis will result in many missed diagnoses; so it is important that physicians are familiar with atypical and rare presentations of COVID-19, such as isolated thrombocytopenia."}, {"pmid": 32215461, "pmcid": "PMC7094046", "title": "The value of mitigating epidemic peaks of COVID-19 for more effective public health responses.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Villela, Daniel Antunes Maciel"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215461", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407517, "title": "Pharmacy leadership during emergency preparedness: Insights from the Middle East and South Asia.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Siddiqui, Mohammad Aslam", "Abdeldayem, Ahmed", "Dayem, Khalid Abdel", "Mahomed, Shuaib Haroon", "Diab, Mariam Jihad"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407517", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32505220, "title": "Active case finding with case management: the key to tackling the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Li, Zhongjie", "Chen, Qiulan", "Feng, Luzhao", "Rodewald, Lance", "Xia, Yinyin", "Yu, Hailiang", "Zhang, Ruochen", "An, Zhijie", "Yin, Wenwu", "Chen, Wei", "Qin, Ying", "Peng, Zhibin", "Zhang, Ting", "Ni, Daxin", "Cui, Jinzhao", "Wang, Qing", "Yang, Xiaokun", "Zhang, Muli", "Ren, Xiang", "Wu, Dan", "Sun, Xiaojin", "Li, Yuanqiu", "Zhou, Lei", "Qi, Xiaopeng", "Song, Tie", "Gao, George F", "Feng, Zijian"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505220", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020, the first non-influenza pandemic, affecting more than 200 countries and areas, with more than 5\u00b79 million cases by May 31, 2020. Countries have developed strategies to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic that fit their epidemiological situations, capacities, and values. We describe China's strategies for prevention and control of COVID-19 (containment and suppression) and their application, from the perspective of the COVID-19 experience to date in China. Although China has contained severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and nearly stopped indigenous transmission, a strong suppression effort must continue to prevent re-establishment of community transmission from importation-related cases. We believe that case finding and management, with identification and quarantine of close contacts, are vitally important containment measures and are essential in China's pathway forward. We describe the next steps planned in China that follow the containment effort. We believe that sharing countries' experiences will help the global community manage the COVID-19 pandemic by identifying what works in the struggle against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32383254, "pmcid": "PMC7267461", "title": "Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies using a CPE-based colorimetric live virus micro-neutralization assay in human serum samples.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Manenti, Alessandro", "Maggetti, Marta", "Casa, Elisa", "Martinuzzi, Donata", "Torelli, Alessandro", "Trombetta, Claudia M", "Marchi, Serena", "Montomoli, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383254", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The micro-neutralization assay is a fundamental test in virology, immunology, vaccine assessment, and epidemiology studies. Since the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak at the end of December 2019 in China, it has become extremely important to have well-established and validated diagnostic and serological assays for this new emerging virus. Here, we present a micro-neutralization assay with the use of SARS-CoV-2 wild type virus with two different methods of read-out. We evaluated the performance of this assay using human serum samples taken from an Italian seroepidemiological study being performed at the University of Siena, along with the human monoclonal antibody CR3022 and some iper-immune animal serum samples against Influenza and Adenovirus strains. The same panel of human samples have been previously tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a pre-screening. Positive, borderline, and negative ELISA samples were evaluated in neutralization assay using two different methods of read-out: subjective (by means of an inverted optical microscope) and objective (by means of a spectrophotometer). Our findings suggest that at least 50% of positive ELISA samples are positive in neutralization as well, and that method is able to quantify different antibody concentrations in a specific manner. Taken together, our results confirm that the colorimetric cytopathic effect-based microneutralization assay could be used as a valid clinical test method for epidemiological and vaccine studies."}, {"pmid": 32236303, "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: what is the role of imaging in diagnosis?", "journal": "J Bras Pneumol", "authors": ["Araujo-Filho, Jose de Arimateia Batista", "Sawamura, Marcio Valente Yamada", "Costa, Andre Nathan", "Cerri, Giovanni Guido", "Nomura, Cesar Higa"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236303", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527752, "title": "Novel Coronavirus Infection in Febrile Infants Aged 60 Days and Younger.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["McLaren, Son H", "Dayan, Peter S", "Fenster, Daniel B", "Ochs, Julie B", "Vindas, Marc T", "Bugaighis, Mona N", "Gonzalez, Ariana E", "Lubell, Tamar R"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527752", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289547, "pmcid": "PMC7151459", "title": "Online learning in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chiodini, Jane"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289547", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471005, "title": "Healthcare information on YouTube: Pregnancy and COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Yuksel, Bahar", "Cakmak, Kubra"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471005", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to analyze Turkish language videos on YouTube about Coronavirus and pregnancy. YouTube was searched for the following keywords: \"Coronavirus, gebelik,\" \"Coronavirus, Hamilelik,\" \"COVID-19, gebelik\" and \"COVID-19, hamilelik\". All ranking data for each video was recorded, video sources and target audiences were analyzed . Videos were designated as \"informative, \"misleading\" \"personal experience\" and \"news update.\" The usefulness of the videos were analyzed by DISCERN score and the quality of the content was calculated by MICI score. Seventy-six videos had a total of 1.494.860 views, with 40.849 likes and 575 dislikes. The source of information in informative videos was physicians (73%), and news agencies (20%), and the majority of these targeted patients. The DISCERN score of videos was 2.9\u00b11, 1.6\u00b10.9, and 1.9\u00b10.9 respectively for respectively for the informative group, personal experience group, and news update group. The mean MICI score for informative videos was low and calculated as 5.3\u00b12.8. YouTube videos are easily accessible sources of COVID-19 information for pregnant women. The present study demonstrated that videos about pregnancy and COVID-19 have high view rates, but are generally low in quality and trustworthiness."}, {"pmid": 32270882, "pmcid": "PMC7262304", "title": "False-negative of RT-PCR and prolonged nucleic acid conversion in COVID-19: Rather than recurrence.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Xiao, Ai Tang", "Tong, Yi Xin", "Zhang, Sheng"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270882", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic cause by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) threatens the world. We read with interest the recent report by Li et al. that included 610 patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). They reported a high false-negative rate of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results for SARS-CoV-2 detection. In addition, recent report regarding SARS-CoV-2 \"turn positive\" in recovered cases with COVID-19 were published. Here, we studied the characteristics of nucleic acid conversion for SARS-CoV-2 from 70 COVID-19 patients. We found that 15 (21.4%) patients experienced a \"turn positive\" of nucleic acid detection by RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 after two consecutive negative results, which may be related to the false negative of RT-PCR test and prolonged nucleic acid conversion This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32433389, "title": "American Indian Reservations and COVID-19: Correlates of Early Infection Rates in the Pandemic.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Lonebear, Desi", "Barcelo, Nicolas E", "Akee, Randall", "Carroll, Stephanie Russo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433389", "countries": ["United States", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the household and community characteristics most closely associated with variation in COVID-19 incidence on American Indian reservations in the lower 48 states. Multivariate analysis with population weights. Two hundred eighty-seven American Indian Reservations and tribal homelands (in Oklahoma) and, as of April 10, 2020, 861 COVID-19 cases on these reservation lands. The relationship between rate per 1000 individuals of publicly reported COVID-19 cases at the tribal reservation and/or community level and average household characteristics from the 2018 5-Year American Community Survey records. By April 10, 2020, in regression analysis, COVID-19 cases were more likely by the proportion of homes lacking indoor plumbing (10.83, P = .001) and were less likely according to the percentage of reservation households that were English-only (-2.43, P = .03). Household overcrowding measures were not statistically significant in this analysis (-6.40, P = .326). Failure to account for the lack of complete indoor plumbing and access to potable water in a pandemic may be an important determinant of the increased incidence of COVID-19 cases. Access to relevant information that is communicated in the language spoken by many reservation residents may play a key role in the spread of COVID-19 in some tribal communities. Household overcrowding does not appear to be associated with COVID-19 infections in our data at the current time. Previous studies have identified household plumbing and overcrowding, and language, as potential pandemic and disease infection risk factors. These risk factors persist. Funding investments in tribal public health and household infrastructure, as delineated in treaties and other agreements, are necessary to protect American Indian communities."}, {"pmid": 32335909, "pmcid": "PMC7267231", "title": "Clinical implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental education.", "journal": "J Dent Educ", "authors": ["Desai, Bhakti K"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335909", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330655, "pmcid": "PMC7172621", "title": "Developing guidelines for COVID-19 management: A moving target. An invited commentary on \"Evidence based management guideline for the COVID-19 pandemic - Review article\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Gallaher, Jared", "Charles, Anthony"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330655", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423584, "pmcid": "PMC7190303", "title": "Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wang, Yeming", "Zhang, Dingyu", "Du, Guanhua", "Du, Ronghui", "Zhao, Jianping", "Jin, Yang", "Fu, Shouzhi", "Gao, Ling", "Cheng, Zhenshun", "Lu, Qiaofa", "Hu, Yi", "Luo, Guangwei", "Wang, Ke", "Lu, Yang", "Li, Huadong", "Wang, Shuzhen", "Ruan, Shunan", "Yang, Chengqing", "Mei, Chunlin", "Wang, Yi", "Ding, Dan", "Wu, Feng", "Tang, Xin", "Ye, Xianzhi", "Ye, Yingchun", "Liu, Bing", "Yang, Jie", "Yin, Wen", "Wang, Aili", "Fan, Guohui", "Zhou, Fei", "Liu, Zhibo", "Gu, Xiaoying", "Xu, Jiuyang", "Shang, Lianhan", "Zhang, Yi", "Cao, Lianjun", "Guo, Tingting", "Wan, Yan", "Qin, Hong", "Jiang, Yushen", "Jaki, Thomas", "Hayden, Frederick G", "Horby, Peter W", "Cao, Bin", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423584", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No specific antiviral drug has been proven effective for treatment of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Remdesivir (GS-5734), a nucleoside analogue prodrug, has inhibitory effects on pathogenic animal and human coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro, and inhibits Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2 replication in animal models. We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial at ten hospitals in Hubei, China. Eligible patients were adults (aged \u226518 years) admitted to hospital with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, with an interval from symptom onset to enrolment of 12 days or less, oxygen saturation of 94% or less on room air or a ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen of 300 mm Hg or less, and radiologically confirmed pneumonia. Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to intravenous remdesivir (200 mg on day 1 followed by 100 mg on days 2-10 in single daily infusions) or the same volume of placebo infusions for 10 days. Patients were permitted concomitant use of lopinavir-ritonavir, interferons, and corticosteroids. The primary endpoint was time to clinical improvement up to day 28, defined as the time (in days) from randomisation to the point of a decline of two levels on a six-point ordinal scale of clinical status (from 1=discharged to 6=death) or discharged alive from hospital, whichever came first. Primary analysis was done in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population and safety analysis was done in all patients who started their assigned treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04257656. Between Feb 6, 2020, and March 12, 2020, 237 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to a treatment group (158 to remdesivir and 79 to placebo); one patient in the placebo group who withdrew after randomisation was not included in the ITT population. Remdesivir use was not associated with a difference in time to clinical improvement (hazard ratio 1\u00b723 [95% CI 0\u00b787-1\u00b775]). Although not statistically significant, patients receiving remdesivir had a numerically faster time to clinical improvement than those receiving placebo among patients with symptom duration of 10 days or less (hazard ratio 1\u00b752 [0\u00b795-2\u00b743]). Adverse events were reported in 102 (66%) of 155 remdesivir recipients versus 50 (64%) of 78 placebo recipients. Remdesivir was stopped early because of adverse events in 18 (12%) patients versus four (5%) patients who stopped placebo early. In this study of adult patients admitted to hospital for severe COVID-19, remdesivir was not associated with statistically significant clinical benefits. However, the numerical reduction in time to clinical improvement in those treated earlier requires confirmation in larger studies. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Emergency Project of COVID-19, National Key Research and Development Program of China, the Beijing Science and Technology Project."}, {"pmid": 32439730, "title": "Use of specific antimicrobials for COVID-19: should we prescribe them now or wait for more evidence?", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["AlAkhras, Abdullah", "AlMessabi, Ahmed Husein", "Abuzeid, Hala", "Khoo, Saye", "Nsutebu, Emmanuel Fru"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439730", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512078, "title": "Chest tube with air leaks is a potential \"super spreader\" of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Sugimoto, Hiroshi", "Kohama, Takuya"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512078", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422177, "pmcid": "PMC7228737", "title": "Pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19: a call to arms?", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Spagnolo, Paolo", "Balestro, Elisabetta", "Aliberti, Stefano", "Cocconcelli, Elisabetta", "Biondini, Davide", "Casa, Giovanni Della", "Sverzellati, Nicola", "Maher, Toby M"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422177", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503801, "title": "Does vitamin D deficiency increase the severity of COVID-19?", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Weir, E Kenneth", "Thenappan, Thenappan", "Bhargava, Maneesh", "Chen, Yingjie"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503801", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severity of coronavirus 2019 infection (COVID-19) is determined by the presence of pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), myocarditis, microvascular thrombosis and/or cytokine storms, all of which involve underlying inflammation. A principal defence against uncontrolled inflammation, and against viral infection in general, is provided by T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Treg levels have been reported to be low in many COVID-19 patients and can be increased by vitamin D supplementation. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines and a significantly increased risk of pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in thrombotic episodes, which are frequently observed in COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to occur more frequently in patients with obesity and diabetes. These conditions are reported to carry a higher mortality in COVID-19. If vitamin D does in fact reduce the severity of COVID-19 in regard to pneumonia/ARDS, inflammation, inflammatory cytokines and thrombosis, it is our opinion that supplements would offer a relatively easy option to decrease the impact of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32441248, "title": "The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on sleep.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Javaheri, Sogol", "Javaheri, Shahrokh"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441248", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343187, "title": "The impact of the novel coronavirus on trauma and orthopaedics in the UK.", "journal": "Br J Hosp Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Morgan, Catrin", "Ahluwalia, Aashish K", "Aframian, Arash", "Li, Lily", "Sun, Stephen Ng Man"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343187", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At first glance, the novel coronavirus pandemic and orthopaedic surgery appear separate entities. Orthopaedic surgeons are not generally considered front-line staff in terms of the treatment of the disease that the novel coronavirus causes compared with anaesthetic and medical colleagues. However, the impact that the novel coronavirus is likely to have on the musculoskeletal injury burden and the morbidity associated with chronic musculoskeletal disease is significant. This article summarises the strategies currently being developed for the remodelling of orthopaedic services in the UK and the emergency British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma and Orthopaedic guidelines released on 24 March 2020 in managing urgent orthopaedic patients during the novel coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32198147, "title": "Covid-19: GPs can stop health checks for over 75s and routine medicine reviews.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198147", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473125, "pmcid": "PMC7255150", "title": "Increased cardiovascular mortality in African Americans with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["McGonagle, Dennis", "Plein, Sven", "O'Donnell, James S", "Sharif, Kassem", "Bridgewood, Charles"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473125", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445626, "pmcid": "PMC7239617", "title": "Prevalence of putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Alanio, Alexandre", "Delliere, Sarah", "Fodil, Sofiane", "Bretagne, Stephane", "Megarbane, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445626", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342051, "pmcid": "PMC7184023", "title": "Misdiagnosis in the COVID era: When Zebras are Everywhere, Don't Forget the Horses.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Yousefzai, Rayan", "Bhimaraj, Arvind"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342051", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a patient who presented with respiratory failure, chest pain, and fever. In the COVID-19 pandemic era, the focus was diverted to the coronavirus infection, and STEMI was missed. Even though we need to be vigilant in the diagnosis of COVID-19, we should not forget about the common pathologies."}, {"pmid": 32529358, "title": "Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome: Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS): Cardiac Features, Management and Short-Term Outcomes at a UK Tertiary Paediatric Hospital.", "journal": "Pediatr Cardiol", "authors": ["Ramcharan, Tristan", "Nolan, Oscar", "Lai, Chui Yi", "Prabhu, Nanda", "Krishnamurthy, Raghu", "Richter, Alex G", "Jyothish, Deepthi", "Kanthimathinathan, Hari Krishnan", "Welch, Steven B", "Hackett, Scott", "Al-Abadi, Eslam", "Scholefield, Barnaby R", "Chikermane, Ashish"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529358", "countries": ["Japan", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Children were relatively spared during COVID-19 pandemic. However, the recently reported hyperinflammatory syndrome with overlapping features of Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome-\"Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome-temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2\" (PIMS-TS) has caused concern. We describe cardiac findings and short-term outcomes in children with PIMS-TS at a tertiary children's hospital. Single-center observational study of children with PIMS-TS from 10th April to 9th May 2020. Data on ECG and echocardiogram were retrospectively analyzed along with demographics, clinical features and blood parameters. Fifteen children with median age of 8.8 (IQR 6.4-11.2) years were included, all were from African/Afro-Caribbean, South Asian, Mixed or other minority ethnic groups. All showed raised inflammatory/cardiac markers (CRP, ferritin, Troponin I, CK and pro-BNP). Transient valve regurgitation was present in 10 patients (67%). Left Ventricular ejection fraction was reduced in 12 (80%), fractional shortening in 8 (53%) with resolution in all but 2. Fourteen (93%) had coronary artery abnormalities, with normalization in 6. ECG abnormalities were present in 9 (60%) which normalized in 6 by discharge. Ten (67%) needed inotropes and/or vasopressors. None needed extracorporeal life support. Improvement in cardiac biochemical markers was closely followed by improvement in ECG/echocardiogram. All patients were discharged alive and twelve (80%) have been reviewed since. Our entire cohort with PIMS-TS had cardiac involvement and this degree of involvement is significantly more than other published series and emphasizes the need for specialist cardiac review. We believe that our multi-disciplinary team approach was crucial for the good short-term outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32463074, "pmcid": "PMC7147199", "title": "Viewpoint: Impact of the Covid-19 Outbreak on the Clinical and Research Activities of Memory Clinics: An Alzheimer's Disease Center Facing the Covid-19 Crisis.", "journal": "J Prev Alzheimers Dis", "authors": ["Ousset, P J", "Vellas, B"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463074", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358250, "pmcid": "PMC7223578", "title": "Protective Device during Airway Management in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Rahmoune, Farid Chakib", "Ben Yahia, Mohamed Mehdi", "Hajjej, Ridha", "Pic, Solene", "Chatti, Kais"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297897, "title": "Predictive Mathematical Models of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Underlying Principles and Value of Projections.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Jewell, Nicholas P", "Lewnard, Joseph A", "Jewell, Britta L"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297897", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492809, "title": "Vitamin D Supplementation in Influenza and COVID-19 Infections Comment on: \"Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths\" Nutrients 2020, 12(4), 988.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Kow, Chia Siang", "Hadi, Muhammad Abdul", "Hasan, Syed Shahzad"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492809", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an ongoing debate on the use of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. A recently published article highlights a relationship between vitamin D supplementation and reduced risk of COVID-19 and influenza. This comment aims to discuss the evidence on the use of Vitamin D in people who are at risk of developing COVID-19, focusing on safety issues of the Vitamin D supplementation."}, {"pmid": 32498751, "title": "Drug Repurposing for COVID-19: Ethical Considerations and Roadmaps.", "journal": "Camb Q Healthc Ethics", "authors": ["Ino, Hiroyasu", "Nakazawa, Eisuke", "Akabayashi, Akira"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498751", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513249, "title": "Prehospital pulse oximetry: a red flag for early detection of silent hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Jouffroy, Romain", "Jost, Daniel", "Prunet, Bertrand"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513249", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302370, "pmcid": "PMC7164638", "title": "Perceptions of the adult US population regarding the novel coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["McFadden, SarahAnn M", "Malik, Amyn A", "Aguolu, Obianuju G", "Willebrand, Kathryn S", "Omer, Saad B"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302370", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is spreading globally. Although COVID-19 has now been declared a pandemic and risk for infection in the United States (US) is currently high, at the time of survey administration the risk of infection in the US was low. It is important to understand the public perception of risk and trust in sources of information to better inform public health messaging. In this study, we surveyed the adult US population to understand their risk perceptions about the COVID-19 outbreak. We used an online platform to survey 718 adults in the US in early February 2020 using a questionnaire that we developed. Our sample was fairly similar to the general adult US population in terms of age, gender, race, ethnicity and education. We found that 69% of the respondents wanted the scientific/public health leadership (either the CDC Director or NIH Director) to lead the US response to COVID-19 outbreak as compared to 14% who wanted the political leadership (either the president or Congress) to lead the response. Risk perception was low (median score of 5 out of 10) with the respondents trusting health professionals and health officials for information on COVID-19. The majority of respondents were in favor of strict infection prevention policies to control the outbreak. Given our results, the public health/scientific leadership should be at the forefront of the COVID-19 response to promote trust."}, {"pmid": 32398253, "pmcid": "PMC7223352", "title": "Brief letter of a doctor to his psychologist in the COVID-19 outbreak era.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Santini, Daniele", "Tonini, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398253", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405835, "pmcid": "PMC7220600", "title": "[COVID-19 in the nursing home: a case report].", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Grabenhorst, Ulrich", "Stiels-Prechtel, Ricarda", "Niemann, Markus", "Weckbecker, Klaus"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405835", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376476, "pmcid": "PMC7196554", "title": "Limited effectiveness of systematic screening by nasopharyngeal RT-PCR of medicalized nursing home staff after a first case of COVID-19 in a resident.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Guery, R", "Delaye, C", "Brule, N", "Nael, V", "Castain, L", "Raffi, F", "De Decker, L"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376476", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442315, "title": "Alternative splicing of ACE2 possibly generates variants that may limit the entry of SARS-CoV-2: a potential therapeutic approach using SSOs.", "journal": "Clin Sci (Lond)", "authors": ["Rehman, Sayeed Ur", "Tabish, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442315", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays an essential role in maintaining the balance of the renin-angiotensin system and also serves as a receptor for the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and HCoV-NL63. Following the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection, there has been an urgent need to develop therapeutic interventions. ACE2 is a potential target for many treatment approaches for the SARS-CoV-2. With the help of bioinformatics, we have predicted several novel exons of the human ACE2 gene. The inclusion of novel exons located in the 5'UTR/intronic region in the mature transcript may remove the critical ACE2 residues responsible for the interaction with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, thus preventing their binding and entry into the cell. Additionally, inclusion of a novel predicted exons located in the 3'UTR by alternative splicing may remove the C-terminal transmembrane domain of ACE2 and generate soluble ACE2 isoforms. Splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (SSOs) have been employed effectively as a therapeutic strategy in several disease conditions. Alternative splicing of the ACE2 gene could similarly be modulated using SSOs to exclude critical domains required for the entry of SARS-CoV-2. Strategies can also be designed to deliver these SSOs directly to the lungs in order to minimize the damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis."}, {"pmid": 32147406, "pmcid": "PMC7134479", "title": "Reasons for healthcare workers becoming infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Wang, J", "Zhou, M", "Liu, F"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147406", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463890, "pmcid": "PMC7256362", "title": "COVID-19 and SCA: an old friend comes to the rescue.", "journal": "Blood", "authors": ["Novelli, Enrico M"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463890", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323878, "pmcid": "PMC7264544", "title": "Recommendations for general surgery activities in a pandemic scenario (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Di Marzo, F", "Sartelli, M", "Cennamo, R", "Toccafondi, G", "Coccolini, F", "La Torre, G", "Tulli, G", "Lombardi, M", "Cardi, M"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466737, "title": "The Curious Case of the Missing Strokes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Aguiar de Sousa, Diana", "Sandset, Else Charlotte", "Elkind, Mitchell S V"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466737", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514682, "title": "Managing anticoagulation in the COVID-19 era between lockdown and reopening phases.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Poli, Daniela", "Tosetto, Alberto", "Palareti, Gulatiero", "Barcellona, Doris", "Ciampa, Antonio", "Grandone, Elvira", "Manotti, Cesare", "Moia, Marco", "Squizzato, Alessandro", "Toschi, Vincenzo", "Testa, Sophie"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514682", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients on anticoagulant treatment are constantly increasing, with an estimated prevalence in Italy of 2% of the total population. The recent spreadout of the COVID-19 pandemic requires a re-organization of Anticoagulation Clinics to prevent person-to-person viral diffusion and continue to offer the highest possible quality of assistance to patients. In this paper, based on the Italian Federation of Anticoagulation Clinics statements, we offer some advice aimed at improving patient care during COVID-19 pandemic, with particular regard to the lockdown and reopening periods. We give practical guidance regarding the following points: (1) re-thinking the AC organization, (2) managing patients on anticoagulants when they become infected by the virus, (3) managing anticoagulation surveillance in non-infected patients during the lockdown period, and (4) organizing the activities during the reopening phases."}, {"pmid": 32534175, "title": "Three novel prevention, diagnostic, and treatment options for COVID-19 urgently necessitating controlled randomized trials.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Horowitz, Richard I", "Freeman, Phyllis R"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534175", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic infection with COVID-19 can result in silent transmission to large numbers of individuals, resulting in expansion of the pandemic with a global increase in morbidity and mortality. New ways of screening the general population for COVID-19 are urgently needed along with novel effective prevention and treatment strategies. A hypothetical three-part prevention, diagnostic, and treatment approach based on an up-to-date scientific literature review for COVID-19 is proposed. Regarding diagnosis, a validated screening questionnaire and digital app for COVID-19 could help identify individuals who are at risk of transmitting the disease, as well as those at highest risk for poor clinical outcomes. Global implementation and online tracking of vital signs and scored questionnaires that are statistically validated would help health authorities properly allocate essential health care resources to test and isolate those at highest risk for transmission and poor outcomes. Second, regarding prevention, no validated protocols except for physical distancing, hand washing, and isolation exist, and recently ivermectin has been published to have anti-viral properties against COVID-19. A randomized trial of ivermectin, and/or nutraceuticals that have been published to support immune function including glutathione, vitamin C, zinc, and immunomodulatory supplements (3,6 Beta glucan) could be beneficial in preventing transmission or lessening symptomatology but requires statistical validation. Third, concerning treatment, COVID-19 induced inflammation and \"cytokine storm syndrome\" with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)/Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) have resulted in extreme morbidity and mortality in those with certain comorbidities, secondary to \"acute respiratory distress syndrome\" (ARDS) and multiorgan dysfunction with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Deficiency in red blood cell, serum and alveolar glutathione has been published in the medical literature for ARDS, as well as viral and bacterial pneumonias, resulting from increased levels of free radical/oxidative stress. A randomized controlled trial of blocking NF-\u03baB and cytokine formation using glutathione precursors (N-acetyl-cysteine [NAC] and alpha lipoic acid) and PO/IV glutathione with associated anti-viral effects should be performed, along with an evaluation of Nrf2 activators (curcumin, sulforaphane glucosinolate) which have been scientifically proven to lower inflammation. Since high mortality rates from sepsis induced DIC due to COVID-19 infection has also been associated with thrombotic events and elevated levels of D-dimer, randomized controlled trials of using anticoagulant therapy with heparin is urgently required. This is especially important in patients on ventilators who have met certain sepsis induced coagulopathy (SIC) criteria. The use of acetazolamide with or without sildenafil also needs to be explored with or without heparin, since increased oxygen delivery to vital organs through prevention of thrombosis/pulmonary emboli along with carbonic anhydrase inhibition may help increase oxygenation and prevent adverse clinical outcomes. A three-part prevention, diagnostic, and treatment plan is proposed for addressing the severe complications of COVID-19. Digital monitoring of symptoms to clinically diagnose early exposure and response to treatment; prevention with ivermectin as well as nutritional therapies that support a healthy immune response; treatment with anti-inflammatory therapies that block NF-\u03baB and activate Nrf2 pathways, as well as novel therapies that address COVID-19 pneumonia and ARDS with DIC including anticoagulation and/or novel respiratory therapies with or without acetazolamide and sildenafil. These three broad-based interventions urgently need to be subjected to randomized, controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32377502, "pmcid": "PMC7201393", "title": "Ophthalmology Practice During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: The University of Pittsburgh Experience in Promoting Clinic Safety and Embracing Video Visits.", "journal": "Ophthalmol Ther", "authors": ["Williams, Andrew M", "Kalra, Gagan", "Commiskey, Patrick W", "Bowers, Eve M R", "Rudolph, Brian R", "Pitcher, Mary D", "Dansingani, Kunal K", "Jhanji, Vishal", "Nischal, Ken K", "Sahel, Jose-Alain", "Waxman, Evan L", "Fu, Roxana"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377502", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to widespread change as public health strategies for containment have emphasized social distancing and remaining at home. These policies have led to downscaled clinic volumes, cancellation of elective procedures, enhanced personal protective strategies in the clinic, and adoption of telemedicine encounters. We describe the evidence-based practical approach taken in our ophthalmology department to continue delivering eye care during the pandemic by rescheduling visits, enhancing clinic safety, and adopting virtual video encounters."}, {"pmid": 32133152, "pmcid": "PMC7039910", "title": "Phase-adjusted estimation of the number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 cases in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Cell Discov", "authors": ["Wang, Huwen", "Wang, Zezhou", "Dong, Yinqiao", "Chang, Ruijie", "Xu, Chen", "Yu, Xiaoyue", "Zhang, Shuxian", "Tsamlag, Lhakpa", "Shang, Meili", "Huang, Jinyan", "Wang, Ying", "Xu, Gang", "Shen, Tian", "Zhang, Xinxin", "Cai, Yong"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133152", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of clusters of viral pneumonia due to a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) happened in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China in December 2019. Since the outbreak, several groups reported estimated R0 of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and generated valuable prediction for the early phase of this outbreak. After implementation of strict prevention and control measures in China, new estimation is needed. An infectious disease dynamics SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, and Removed) model was applied to estimate the epidemic trend in Wuhan, China under two assumptions of R\n                        t\n                     . In the first assumption, R\n                        t\n                     was assumed to maintain over 1. The estimated number of infections would continue to increase throughout February without any indication of dropping with R\n                        t\n                     \u2009=\u20091.9, 2.6, or 3.1. The number of infections would reach 11,044, 70,258, and 227,989, respectively, by 29 February 2020. In the second assumption, R\n                        t\n                     was assumed to gradually decrease at different phases from high level of transmission (R\n                        t\n                     \u2009=\u20093.1, 2.6, and 1.9) to below 1 (R\n                        t\n                     \u2009=\u20090.9 or 0.5) owing to increasingly implemented public health intervention. Several phases were divided by the dates when various levels of prevention and control measures were taken in effect in Wuhan. The estimated number of infections would reach the peak in late February, which is 58,077-84,520 or 55,869-81,393. Whether or not the peak of the number of infections would occur in February 2020 may be an important index for evaluating the sufficiency of the current measures taken in China. Regardless of the occurrence of the peak, the currently strict measures in Wuhan should be continuously implemented and necessary strict public health measures should be applied in other locations in China with high number of COVID-19 cases, in order to reduce R\n                        t\n                     to an ideal level and control the infection."}, {"pmid": 32303741, "pmcid": "PMC7188171", "title": "Will COVID-19 infection be less severe in ulcerative colitis than in Crohn's patients due to a lower rate of smokers?", "journal": "J Crohns Colitis", "authors": ["Peyrin-Biroulet, Carina", "D'Amico, Ferdinando", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303741", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472655, "title": "Cytokine storm in COVID-19 and parthenolide: preclinical evidence.", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Bahrami, Mohsen", "Kamalinejad, Mohammad", "Latifi, Seied Amirhossein", "Seif, Farhad", "Dadmehr, Majid"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472655", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A group of patients with pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were reported from China in December 2019. Although several antiviral drugs are widely tested, none of them has been approved as specific antiviral therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Accumulating evidence established a hyperinflammatory states or cytokine storm in COVID-19. Among these cytokines, IL-6 plays a key role in cytokine storm and can predict the adverse clinical outcomes and fatality in these patients. Based on the evidence of the significant role of IL-6 in cytokine storm, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases as principal comorbidities, it seems that anti-cytokine therapy may be useful in patients with severe COVID-19 to reduce mortality. Recent studies demonstrated that herbal-derived natural products had immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties and exhibited exceptional act on mediators of inflammation. Parthenolide is the principal sesquiterpene lactones and the main biologically active constituent Tanacetum parthenium (commonly known as feverfew) which has could significantly reduce IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-\u03b1 production pathways established in several human cell line models in vitro and in vivo studies. Therefore, parthenolide may be one of the herbal candidates for clinical evaluation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32413554, "pmcid": "PMC7217075", "title": "Guidelines for TMS/tES clinical services and research through the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Brain Stimul", "authors": ["Bikson, Marom", "Hanlon, Colleen A", "Woods, Adam J", "Gillick, Bernadette T", "Charvet, Leigh", "Lamm, Claus", "Madeo, Graziella", "Holczer, Adrienn", "Almeida, Jorge", "Antal, Andrea", "Ay, Mohammad Reza", "Baeken, Chris", "Blumberger, Daniel M", "Campanella, Salvatore", "Camprodon, Joan A", "Christiansen, Lasse", "Loo, Colleen", "Crinion, Jennifer T", "Fitzgerald, Paul", "Gallimberti, Luigi", "Ghobadi-Azbari, Peyman", "Ghodratitoostani, Iman", "Grabner, Roland H", "Hartwigsen, Gesa", "Hirata, Akimasa", "Kirton, Adam", "Knotkova, Helena", "Krupitsky, Evgeny", "Marangolo, Paola", "Nakamura-Palacios, Ester M", "Potok, Weronika", "Praharaj, Samir K", "Ruff, Christian C", "Schlaug, Gottfried", "Siebner, Hartwig R", "Stagg, Charlotte J", "Thielscher, Axel", "Wenderoth, Nicole", "Yuan, Ti-Fei", "Zhang, Xiaochu", "Ekhtiari, Hamed"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413554", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has broadly disrupted biomedical treatment and research including non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). Moreover, the rapid onset of societal disruption and evolving regulatory restrictions may not have allowed for systematic planning of how clinical and research work may continue throughout the pandemic or be restarted as restrictions are abated. The urgency to provide and develop NIBS as an intervention for diverse neurological and mental health indications, and as a catalyst of fundamental brain research, is not dampened by the parallel efforts to address the most life-threatening aspects of COVID-19; rather in many cases the need for NIBS is heightened including the potential to mitigate mental health consequences related to COVID-19. To facilitate the re-establishment of access to NIBS clinical services and research operations during the current COVID-19 pandemic and possible future outbreaks, we develop and discuss a framework for balancing the importance of NIBS operations with safety considerations, while addressing the needs of all stakeholders. We focus on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and low intensity transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) - including transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS). The present consensus paper provides guidelines and good practices for managing and reopening NIBS clinics and laboratories through the immediate and ongoing stages of COVID-19. The document reflects the analysis of experts with domain-relevant expertise spanning NIBS technology, clinical services, and basic and clinical research - with an international perspective. We outline regulatory aspects, human resources, NIBS optimization, as well as accommodations for specific demographics. A model based on three phases (early COVID-19 impact, current practices, and future preparation) with an 11-step checklist (spanning removing or streamlining in-person protocols, incorporating telemedicine, and addressing COVID-19-associated adverse events) is proposed. Recommendations on implementing social distancing and sterilization of NIBS related equipment, specific considerations of COVID-19 positive populations including mental health comorbidities, as well as considerations regarding regulatory and human resource in the era of COVID-19 are outlined. We discuss COVID-19 considerations specifically for clinical (sub-)populations including pediatric, stroke, addiction, and the elderly. Numerous case-examples across the world are described. There is an evident, and in cases urgent, need to maintain NIBS operations through the COVID-19 pandemic, including anticipating future pandemic waves and addressing effects of COVID-19 on brain and mind. The proposed robust and structured strategy aims to address the current and anticipated future challenges while maintaining scientific rigor and managing risk."}, {"pmid": 32522037, "title": "A Case Series of Patients Coinfected With Influenza and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep", "authors": ["Konala, Venu Madhav", "Adapa, Sreedhar", "Naramala, Srikanth", "Chenna, Avantika", "Lamichhane, Shristi", "Garlapati, Pavani Reddy", "Balla, Mamtha", "Gayam, Vijay"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522037", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019, also called COVID-19, is a global pandemic resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the United States, influenza infection occurs mainly during winter and several factors influence the burden of the disease, including circulating virus characteristics, vaccine effectiveness that season, and the duration of the season. We present a case series of 3 patients with coinfection of COVID-19 and influenza, with 2 of them treated successfully and discharged home. We reviewed the literature of patients coinfected with both viruses and discussed the characteristics, as well as treatment options."}, {"pmid": 32438527, "title": "Anesthetic concerns for pediatric patients in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Paediatr Anaesth", "authors": ["Soneru, Codruta N", "Nunez, Karyn", "Petersen, Timothy R", "Lock, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438527", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After a novel human coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported in China in December 2019, the disease quickly reached pandemic level. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The caseload has increased exponentially, with WHO reporting 182\u00a0000 global cases by March 17, 2020, and over 2.6 million by 23 April. The clinical situation is complex, with children presenting different clinical features compared to adults. Several articles with recommendations on the anesthetic management of adult patients with COVID-19 have been published, but no specific recommendations for pediatric anesthesiologists have been made yet. This article addresses specific concerns for the anesthetic management of the pediatric population with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32474045, "pmcid": "PMC7255712", "title": "Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza virus in Early Stage of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zheng, Xin", "Wang, Hua", "Su, Zhengyuan", "Li, Wei", "Yang, Dongliang", "Deng, Fei", "Chen, Jianjun"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474045", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32035269, "pmcid": "PMC7128115", "title": "What goes on board aircraft? Passengers include Aedes, Anopheles, 2019-nCoV, dengue, Salmonella, Zika, et al.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wilson, Mary E"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035269", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32193550, "pmcid": "PMC7184488", "title": "Public Health Measures to Slow Community Spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cowling, Benjamin J", "Aiello, Allison E"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193550", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383430, "pmcid": "PMC7263524", "title": "Case Report: Right Bundle Brunch Block and QTc Prolongation in a Patient with Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Treated with Hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Asli, Rosmonaliza", "Abdullah, Muhammad Syafiq", "Chong, Pui Lin", "Metussin, Dhiya", "Momin, Riamiza Natalie", "Mani, Babu Ivan", "Chong, Vui Heng"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383430", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by severe adult respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 that has resulted in the current global pandemic. Currently, there is no available treatment proven to be effective against COVID-19, but multiple medications, including hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are used off label. We report the case of a 60-year-old woman without any cardiac history who developed right bundle brunch block and critically prolonged corrected electrocardiographic QT interval (QTc 631 ms) after treatment for 3 days with HCQ, which resolved on discontinuation of the medication. This case highlights a significant and potentially life-threatening complication of HCQ use."}, {"pmid": 32485289, "pmcid": "PMC7260522", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Vindegaard, Nina", "Eriksen Benros, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485289", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic general medical complications have received the most attention, whereas only few studies address the potential direct effect on mental health of SARS-CoV-2 and the neurotropic potential. Furthermore, the indirect effects of the pandemic on general mental health are of increasing concern, particularly since the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic (2002-2003) was associated with psychiatric complications. We systematically searched the database Pubmed including studies measuring psychiatric symptoms or morbidities associated with COVID-19 among infected patients and among none infected groups the latter divided in psychiatric patients, health care workers and non-health care workers. A total of 43 studies were included. Out of these, only two studies evaluated patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, whereas 41 evaluated the indirect effect of the pandemic (2 on patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders, 20 on medical health care workers, and 19 on the general public). 18 of the studies were case-control studies/compared to norm, while 25 of the studies had no control groups. The two studies investigating COVID-19 patients found a high level of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) (96.2%) and significantly higher level of depressive symptoms (p\u00a0=\u00a00.016). Patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders reported worsening of psychiatric symptoms. Studies investigating health care workers found increased depression/depressive symptoms, anxiety, psychological distress and poor sleep quality. Studies of the general public revealed lower psychological well-being and higher scores of anxiety and depression compared to before COVID-19, while no difference when comparing these symptoms in the initial phase of the outbreak to four weeks later. A variety of factors were associated with higher risk of psychiatric symptoms and/or low psychological well-being including female gender, poor-self-related health and relatives with COVID-19. Research evaluating the direct neuropsychiatric consequences and the indirect effects on mental health is highly needed to improve treatment, mental health care planning and for preventive measures during potential subsequent pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32463530, "title": "Screen time for children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Nagata, Jason M", "Abdel Magid, Hoda S", "Gabriel, Kelley Pettee"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463530", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to laws and policies including national school closures, lockdown or shelter in place laws, and social distancing recommendations that may translate to higher overall screen time among children and adolescents for the duration of these laws and policies. These policies may need to be periodically re-instated to control future COVID-19 recurrences or other national emergencies. Excessive screen time is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance because it increases sedentary time and is associated with snacking."}, {"pmid": 32293168, "pmcid": "PMC7172500", "title": "Rapid Detection of COVID-19 Causative Virus (SARS-CoV-2) in Human Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens Using Field-Effect Transistor-Based Biosensor.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Seo, Giwan", "Lee, Geonhee", "Kim, Mi Jeong", "Baek, Seung-Hwa", "Choi, Minsuk", "Ku, Keun Bon", "Lee, Chang-Seop", "Jun, Sangmi", "Park, Daeui", "Kim, Hong Gi", "Kim, Seong-Jun", "Lee, Jeong-O", "Kim, Bum Tae", "Park, Edmond Changkyun", "Kim, Seung Il"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293168", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging human infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously called 2019-nCoV). Based on the rapid increase in the rate of human infection, the World Health Organization (WHO) has classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. Because no specific drugs or vaccines for COVID-19 are yet available, early diagnosis and management are crucial for containing the outbreak. Here, we report a field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensing device for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. The sensor was produced by coating graphene sheets of the FET with a specific antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The performance of the sensor was determined using antigen protein, cultured virus, and nasopharyngeal swab specimens from COVID-19 patients. Our FET device could detect the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at concentrations of 1 fg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline and 100 fg/mL clinical transport medium. In addition, the FET sensor successfully detected SARS-CoV-2 in culture medium (limit of detection [LOD]: 1.6 \u00d7 101 pfu/mL) and clinical samples (LOD: 2.42 \u00d7 102 copies/mL). Thus, we have successfully fabricated a promising FET biosensor for SARS-CoV-2; our device is a highly sensitive immunological diagnostic method for COVID-19 that requires no sample pretreatment or labeling."}, {"pmid": 32516072, "title": "Abortion in the time of COVID-19: Perspectives from Malta.", "journal": "Sex Reprod Health Matters", "authors": ["Caruana-Finkel, Liza"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516072", "countries": ["Malta"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344313, "pmcid": "PMC7175844", "title": "Can pioglitazone be potentially useful therapeutically in treating patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Carboni, Elena", "Carta, Anna R", "Carboni, Ezio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344313", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic disease (COVID-19) that has spread globally causing more than 30,000 deaths. Despite the immense and ongoing global effort, no efficacious drugs to fight this plague have been identified and patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICU), for respiratory distress, are managed mostly by means of supportive care based on oxygen maintenance. Several authors have reported that the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases comorbidities were indeed frequent among patients with COVID-19, which suggests that these conditions are likely to aggravate and complicate the prognosis. What the aforementioned diseases have in common is a latent chronic inflammatory state that may be associated with the alteration of laboratory parameters that are typical of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. In severe COVID-19 patients laboratory markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein, IL-6, D-dimer, serum ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase are elevated in many patients; assessed since the 4th-6th day of illness onset, such increases seem to be predictive of an adverse prognosis. Our hypothesis is that drugs belonging to the family of thiazolidinediones (TZD) such as pioglitazone or rosiglitazone, approved for treating the condition of insulin resistance and the accompanying inflammation, could ameliorate the prognosis of those COVID-19 patients with diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disorders comorbidities. TZD are PPAR\u03b3 agonists that act on nuclear receptors, thereby triggering certain transcription factors. TZD were widely used for type-2 diabetes in the first decade of this century and although concerns have been raised for possible side effects associated with long-term treatment, their use has been recently revaluated for their anti-inflammatory properties in numerous medical conditions."}, {"pmid": 32517957, "title": "Sustaining frontline ICU healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Akgun, Kathleen M", "Collett, David", "Feder, Shelli L", "Shamas, Tracy", "Schulman-Green, Dena"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517957", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32118389, "title": "[Clinical analysis of 31 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children from six provinces (autonomous region) of northern China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, D", "Ju, X L", "Xie, F", "Lu, Y", "Li, F Y", "Huang, H H", "Fang, X L", "Li, Y J", "Wang, J Y", "Yi, B", "Yue, J X", "Wang, J", "Wang, L X", "Li, B", "Wang, Y", "Qiu, B P", "Zhou, Z Y", "Li, K L", "Sun, J H", "Liu, X G", "Li, G D", "Wang, Y J", "Cao, A H", "Chen, Y N"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118389", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, treatment and the short-term prognosis of 31 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in children from six provinces (autonomous region) in northern China. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, signs, laboratory examinations, chest imaging, treatment and the short-term prognosis of 31 cases of 2019-nCoV was conducted. The patients were diagnosed between January 25th, 2020 and February 21st, 2020 in 21 hospitals in 17 cities of six provinces (autonomous region) of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Hebei, Henan and Shandong. Results: The age of the 31 children with 2019-nCoV infection was 7 years and 1 month (6 months-17 years). Nine cases (29%) were imported cases. Other 21 cases (68%) had contact with confirmed infected adults. One case (3%) had contact with asymptomatic returnees from Wuhan. Among the 31 children, 28 patients (90%) were family cluster cases. The clinical types were asymptomatic type in 4 cases (13%), mild type in 13 cases (42%), and common type in 14 cases (45%). No severe or critical type existed. The most common symptom was fever (n=20, 65%), including 1 case of high fever, 9 cases of moderate fever, 10 cases of low fever. Fever lasted from 1 day to 9 days. The fever of fifteen cases lasted for \u22643 d, while in other 5 cases lasted >3 d. Other symptoms included cough (n=14, 45%), fatigue (n=3, 10%) and diarrhea (n=3, 10%). Pharyngalgia, runny nose, dizziness, headache and vomiting were rare. In the early stage, the total leukocytes count in peripheral blood decreased in 2 cases (6%), the lymphocytes count decreased in 2 cases (6%), and the platelet count increased in 2 cases (6%).Elevation of C-reactive protein (10%, 3/30), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (19%, 4/21), procalcitonin (4%,1/28), liver enzyme (22%, 6/27) and muscle enzyme (15%, 4/27) occurred in different proportions. Renal function and blood glucose were normal. There were abnormal chest CT changes in 14 cases, including 9 cases with patchy ground glass opacities and nodules, mostly located in the lower lobe of both lungs near the pleural area. After receiving supportive treatment, the viral nucleic acid turned negative in 25 cases within 7-23 days. Among them, 24 children (77%) recovered and were discharged from hospital. No death occurred. Conclusions: In this case series, 2019-nCoV infection in children from six provinces (autonomous region) in northern China are mainly caused by close family contact. Clinical types are asymptomatic, mild and common types. Clinical manifestations and laboratory examination results are nonspecific. Close contact history of epidemiology, nucleic acid detection and chest imaging are important bases for diagnosis of 2019-nCoV infection. After general treatment, the short-term prognosis is good."}, {"pmid": 32478500, "pmcid": "PMC7269098", "title": "COVID-19 and Other Pandemics: How Might They Be Prevented?", "journal": "ACS Infect Dis", "authors": ["Oldfield, Eric", "Malwal, Satish R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478500", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pandemics such as influenza, smallpox, and plague have caused the loss of hundreds of millions of lives and have occurred for many centuries. Fortunately, they have been largely eliminated by the use of vaccinations and drugs. More recently, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and now Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have arisen, and given the current absence of highly effective approved vaccines or drugs, brute-force approaches involving physical barriers are being used to counter virus spread. A major basis for physical protection from respiratory infections is eye, nose, and mouth protection. However, eye protection with goggles is problematic due to \"fogging\", while nose/mouth protection is complicated by the breathing difficulties associated with non-valved respirators. Here, we give a brief review of the origins and development of face masks and eye protection to counter respiratory infections on the basis of experiments conducted 100 years ago, work that was presaged by the first use of personal protective equipment, \"PPE\", by the plague doctors of the 17th Century. The results of the review lead to two conclusions: first, that eye protection using filtered eye masks be used to prevent ocular transmission; second, that new, pre-filtered, valved respirators be used to even more effectively block viral transmission."}, {"pmid": 32301958, "title": "The Promise and Peril of Antibody Testing for COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Abbasi, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301958", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319131, "pmcid": "PMC7264500", "title": "Successful containment of Covid-19 outbreak in a large maternity and perinatal center while continuing clinical service.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Kabesch, Michael", "Roth, Samra", "Brandstetter, Susanne", "Hausler, Sebastian", "Juraschko, Eva", "Weigl, Marco", "Wellmann, Sven", "Lang, Thomas", "Schmidt, Barbara", "Salzberger, Bernd", "Ambrosch, Andreas"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319131", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With increasing number of SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 patients to be taken care of by the health system, more and more health workers become affected by the disease. It has been reported that right from the beginning of the outbreak in Lombardy up to 20% of the doctors and nurses became infected. Under these circumstances, the regular operation of health institutions already suffering from a shortage of staff becomes difficult. This has led to complete or partial shutdowns of hospitals, either due to a lack of uninfected personnel or because of uncontrollable chains of infection endangering patients. In one of the largest university perinatal center in Bavaria with more than 3000 births per year, an outbreak of COVID-19 occurred in March 2020, affecting 36 staff members, including doctors, nurses, and midwives. Here, we describe the outbreak and present the measures contributing to the successful containment of the outbreak within three weeks. At the same time, clinical services could be maintained, however, not without deployment of personnel exposed to employees infected with SARS-CoV-2. Apart from massive testing of personnel in pre-defined phases and increased hygiene measures, including a general obligation to wear surgical face masks, we identified the need to monitor cases of illness across all groups of employees, to ensure social distancing within personnel and to evaluate contacts of clinical personnel outside of the hospital environment, in order to be able to interpret chains of infections and to disrupt them. Overall, only a bundle of measures is needed to contain such an outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32396542, "pmcid": "PMC7217458", "title": "Time-to-Death approach in revealing Chronicity and Severity of COVID-19 across the World.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Verma, Vivek", "Vishwakarma, Ramesh K", "Verma, Anita", "Nath, Dilip C", "Khan, Hafiz T A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396542", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Germany", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19), which started from Wuhan, China, in late 2019, have spread worldwide. A total of 5,91,971 cases and 2,70,90 deaths were registered till 28th March, 2020. We aimed to predict the impact of duration of exposure to COVID-19 on the mortality rates increment. In the present study, data on COVID-19 infected top seven countries viz., Germany, China, France, United Kingdom, Iran, Italy and Spain, and World as a whole, were used for modeling. The analytical procedure of generalized linear model followed by Gompertz link function was used to predict the impact lethal duration of exposure on the mortality rates. Of the selected countries and World as whole, the projection based on 21st March, 2020 cases, suggest that a total (95% Cl) of 76 (65-151) days of exposure in Germany, mortality rate will increase by 5 times to 1%. In countries like France and United Kingdom, our projection suggests that additional exposure of 48 days and 7 days, respectively, will raise the mortality rates to10%. Regarding Iran, Italy and Spain, mortality rate will rise to 10% with an additional 3-10 days of exposure. World's mortality rates will continue increase by 1% in every three weeks. The predicted interval of lethal duration corresponding to each country has found to be consistent with the mortality rates observed on 28th March, 2020. The prediction of lethal duration was found to have apparently effective in predicting mortality, and shows concordance with prevailing rates. In absence of any vaccine against COVID-19 infection, the present study adds information about the quantum of the severity and time elapsed to death will help the Government to take necessary and appropriate steps to control this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32114744, "title": "[Pregnancy with new coronavirus infection: clinical characteristics and placental pathological analysis of three cases].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, S", "Huang, B", "Luo, D J", "Li, X", "Yang, F", "Zhao, Y", "Nie, X", "Huang, B X"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114744", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and placental pathology of 2019-nCoV infection in pregnancy,and to evaluate intrauterine vertical transmission potential of 2019-nCoV infection. Methods: The placentas delivered from pregnant women with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection which were received in the Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology by February 4, 2020 were retrospectively studied. Their clinical material including placental tissue and lung CT, and laboratory results were collected, meanwhile, nucleic acid detection of 2019-nCoV of the placentas were performed by RT-PCR. Results: Three placentas delivered from pregnant women with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection, who were all in their third trimester with emergency caesarean section. All of the three patients presented with fever (one before caesarean and two in postpartum), and had no significant leukopenia and lymphopenia. Neonatal throat swabs from three newborns were tested for 2019-nCoV, and all samples were negative for the nucleic acid of 2019-nCoV. One premature infant was transferred to Department of Neonatology due to low birth weight. By the end of February 25, 2020, none of the three patients developed severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia or died(two patients had been cured and discharged, while another one had been transferred to a square cabin hospital for isolation treatment). There were various degrees of fibrin deposition inside and around the villi with local syncytial nodule increases in all three placentas. One case of placenta showed the concomitant morphology of chorionic hemangioma and another one with massive placental infarction. No pathological change of villitis and chorioamnionitis was observed in our observation of three cases. All samples from three placentas were negative for the nucleic acid of 2019-nCoV. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of pregnant women with 2019-nCoV infection in late pregnancy are similar to those of non-pregnant patients, and no severe adverse pregnancy outcome is found in the 3 cases of our observation. Pathological study suggests that there are no morphological changes related to infection in the three placentas. Currently no evidence for intrauterine vertical transmission of 2019-nCoV is found in the three women infected by 2019-nCoV in their late pregnancy."}, {"pmid": 32342698, "pmcid": "PMC7189614", "title": "Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care", "authors": ["Walton, Matthew", "Murray, Esther", "Christian, Michael D"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342698", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented challenge for society. Supporting the mental health of medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers (staff) is a critical part of the public health response. This paper details the effects on staff and addresses some of the organisational, team and individual considerations for supporting staff (pragmatically) during this pandemic. Leaders at all levels of health care organisations will find this a valuable resource."}, {"pmid": 32392859, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Different Radiological Insights.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Brogna, Barbara", "Brogna, Claudia", "Martino, Alberigo", "Minichiello, Stefana", "Romeo, Domenico M", "Romano, Paolo", "Bignardi, Elio", "Mazza, Emerico Maria", "Musto, Lanfranco"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392859", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel viral infection characterized by several symptoms range from mild to severe clinical conditions that could lead to death. We report two different radiological findings on computed tomography (CT) in two patients affected by SARS-CoV-2: a lung acute embolism (APE) in the first case and a radiological picture of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the second case. This is an important issue to be identified in order to provide more specific therapy earlier, including both antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs associated with anti anticoagulant therapy."}, {"pmid": 32361323, "pmcid": "PMC7195294", "title": "Clinical features of pediatric patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Song, Wenliang", "Li, Junhua", "Zou, Ning", "Guan, Wenhe", "Pan, Jiali", "Xu, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361323", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread around the world, and reports of children with COVID-19 are increasing. To assess clinical profiles of pediatric COVID-19. A retrospective analysis was undertaken using clinical data of sixteen children (11 months-14 years) diagnosed with COVID-19 between January 1, 2020 and March 17, 2020 at Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei province, China. All children had positive epidemiologic histories, 12 (12/16, 75 %) involving family units. The illnesses were either mild (5/16, 31.3 %) or ordinary (11/16, 68.8 %), presenting as follows: asymptomatic (8/16, 50 %), fever and/or cough (8/16, 50 %). Four asymptomatic patients (4/16, 25 %) in ordinary cases had chest computed tomography (CT) abnormalities. Leukocyte counts were normal in 14 cases(88 %), but 2 patients (12.5 %) had leukopenia, and 1 (6.3 %) was lymphopenic. There were 11 patients with chest CT abnormalities, some nodular, others small patchy and others ground-glass opacities. In asymptomatic children, the median time to SRAS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test(NAT) positivity once exposed to a family member with confirmed infection was 15.5 days (range, 10-26 days). The median time to first NAT-negative conversion was 5.5 days (range, 1-23 days). COVID-19 in children of Xiangyang city is often family acquired and not serious, with favorable outcomes. Asymptomatic children can be diagnosed as pneumonia because of chest CT abnormalities. It is essential to actively screen this segment of the population."}, {"pmid": 32105381, "pmcid": "PMC7228386", "title": "Trust is a key factor in the willingness of health professionals to work during the COVID-19 outbreak: Experience from the H1N1 pandemic in Japan 2009.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Imai, Hissei"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105381", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179659, "title": "COVID-19 in Children: Initial Characterization of the Pediatric Disease.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Cruz, Andrea T", "Zeichner, Steven L"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179659", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238358, "title": "Clinical Research Slows as COVID-19 Surges.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238358", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic worsens, the clinical cancer community is grappling with how to continue providing access to experimental but potentially lifesaving therapies while keeping immunocompromised patients safe. To that end, cancer centers are making changes to their clinical trial programs, while pharmaceutical companies are deciding how-or whether-trials should continue."}, {"pmid": 32475168, "title": "COVID-19: Considerations of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Management.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Ceriello, Antonio", "Schnell, Oliver"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475168", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270388, "pmcid": "PMC7140588", "title": "Liver transplantation and COVID-19 (Coronavirus) infection: guidelines of the liver transplant Society of India (LTSI).", "journal": "Hepatol Int", "authors": ["Saigal, Sanjiv", "Gupta, Subash", "Sudhindran, S", "Goyal, Neerav", "Rastogi, Amit", "Jacob, Mathew", "Raja, Kaiser", "Ramamurthy, Anand", "Asthana, Sonal", "Dhiman, R K", "Singh, Balbir", "Perumalla, Rajasekhar", "Malik, Ashish", "Shanmugham, Naresh", "Soin, Arvinder Singh"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270388", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Liver Transplant Society of India (LTSI) has come up with guidelines for transplant centres across the country to deal with liver transplantation during this evolving pandemic of COVID-19 infection. The guidelines are applicable to both deceased donor as well as living donor liver transplants. In view of the rapidly changing situation of COVID-19 infection in India and worldwide, these guidelines will need to be updated according to the emerging data."}, {"pmid": 32478897, "title": "Conditional Cell Reprogramming for Modeling Host-Virus Interactions and Human Viral Diseases.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Xuefeng", "Mondal, Abdul M"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478897", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Conventional cancer and transformed cell lines are widely used in cancer biology and other fields within biology. These cells usually have abnormalities from the original tumor itself, but may also develop abnormalities due to genetic manipulation, or genetic and epigenetic changes during long term passages. Primary cultures may maintain lineage functions as the original tissue types, yet they have a very limited life span or population doubling time because of the nature of cellular senescence. Primary cultures usually have very low yields, and the high variability from any original tissue specimens, largely limiting their applications in research. Animal models are often used for studies of virus infections, disease modeling, development of antiviral drugs and vaccines. Human viruses often need a series of passages in vivo in order to adapt to the host environment because of variable receptors on the cell surface and may have intracellular restrictions from the cell types or host species. Here we describe a long term cell culture system, conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRCs), and its applications in modeling human viral diseases and drug discovery. Using feeder layer co-culture in presence of Y-27632 (conditional reprogramming, CR), CRCs can be obtained and rapidly propagated from surgical specimens, core or needle biopsies, and other minimally invasive or non-invasive specimens, for example, nasal cavity brushing. CRCs preserve their lineage functions, and provide biologically relevant and physiological conditions, which are suitable for studies of viral entry and replication, innate immune responses of host cells, and discovery of antiviral drugs. In this review, we summarize applications of CR technology in modeling host-virus interactions and human viral diseases, including SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, and anti-viral discovery. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32312715, "title": "Managing COVID-19 symptoms (including at the end of life) in the community: summary of NICE guidelines.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312715", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533673, "title": "Ifema hospital model. Implementation and start-up of the Pharmacy Department.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Aranguren-Oyarzabal, Ainhoa", "Segura-Bedmar, Maria", "Calvo-Alcantara, Maria Jose"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533673", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On the 20th of March 2020, triggered by the public health emergency\u00a0declared,\u00a0 the Health Authorities in Madrid reported a legal instruction\u00a0(Orden 371/2020)\u00a0 indicating the organization of a provisional\u00a0hospital to admit patients with\u00a0 COVID-19 at the Trade Fair Institution\u00a0(IFEMA).\u00a0Several pharmacists working in\u00a0 the Pharmacy and Medical Devices Department\u00a0of the Madrid Regional Health\u00a0 Service were called to manage the\u00a0Pharmacy Department of the\u00a0 abovementioned hospital. Required permissions\u00a0to set up a PD were here\u00a0 authorized urgently.\u00a0Tackling human and material resources, and computer\u00a0 systems for drug\u00a0purchase and electronic prescription, were some of the initial\u00a0 issues that\u00a0hindered the pharmaceutical provision required for patients from the\u00a0 very\u00a0day one.\u00a0Once the purchase was assured, mainly by direct purchase from\u00a0suppliers, drug dispensing up to 1,250 hospitalized patients (25 nursing\u00a0units) and 8 ICU patients was taken on. Dispensing was carried out\u00a0 through\u00a0either drug stocks in the nursing units or individual patient dispensing\u00a0 for\u00a0certain drugs.\u00a0Moreover, safety issues related to prescription were\u00a0 considered, and as\u00a0the electronic prescription was implemented we attained\u00a0 100% prescriptions\u00a0review and validation. The constitution of a multidisciplinary\u00a0 Pharmacy\u00a0and Therapeutics Committee let agree to a pharmacotherapy guide,\u00a0 pres cription protocols, therapeutic equivalences, interactions, and drug\u00a0 dispensing circuits. The Pharmacy Department strategy was to ensure a very\u00a0 quick response to basic tasks keeping the aim to offer a pharmaceutical care of\u00a0 the highest quality whenever possible. Working under a health emergency\u00a0 situation, with many uncertainties and continuous pressure was a plight.\u00a0 However, the spirit of collaboration in and out of the Pharmacy Department was\u00a0 aligned with the whole hospital motivation to offer the highest quality of\u00a0 healthcare. These were possibly the keys to allow caring for almost 4,000\u00a0 patients during the 42 days that the hospital lasted."}, {"pmid": 32381617, "pmcid": "PMC7206495", "title": "Near-Complete Genome Sequence of a 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Strain Causing a COVID-19 Case in Peru.", "journal": "Microbiol Resour Announc", "authors": ["Padilla-Rojas, Carlos", "Lope-Pari, Priscila", "Vega-Chozo, Karolyn", "Balbuena-Torres, Johanna", "Caceres-Rey, Omar", "Bailon-Calderon, Henri", "Huaringa-Nunez, Maribel", "Rojas-Serrano, Nancy"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381617", "countries": ["Italy", "Peru"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A near-complete genome sequence was obtained for a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) strain obtained from an oropharyngeal swab from a Peruvian patient with coronavirus syndrome (COVID-19) who had contact with an individual who had returned to Peru from travel to Italy."}, {"pmid": 32328369, "pmcid": "PMC7174863", "title": "A Bibliometric Analysis of COVID-19 Research Activity: A Call for Increased Output.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Chahrour, Mohamad", "Assi, Sahar", "Bejjani, Michael", "Nasrallah, Ali A", "Salhab, Hamza", "Fares, Mohamad", "Khachfe, Hussein H"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328369", "countries": ["China", "Mauritius", "Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted many countries across all inhabited continents, and is now considered a global pandemic, due to its high rate of infectivity. Research related to this disease is\u00a0pivotal for assessing pathogenic characteristics and formulating therapeutic strategies. The aim of this paper is to explore the activity and trends of COVID-19 research since its outbreak in December 2019. We explored the PubMed database and the World Health Organization (WHO) database for publications pertaining to COVID-19 since December 2019 up until March 18, 2020. Only relevant observational and interventional studies were included in our study. Data on COVID-19 incidence were extracted from the WHO situation reports. Research output was assessed with respect to gross domestic product (GDP) and population of each country. Only 564 publications met our inclusion criteria. These articles came from 39 different countries, constituting 24% of all affected countries. China produced the greatest number of publications with 377 publications (67%). With respect to continental research activity, Asian countries had the highest research activity with 434 original publications (77%). In terms of publications per million persons (PPMPs), Singapore had the highest number of publications with 1.069 PPMPs. In terms of publications per billion-dollar GDP, Mauritius ranked first with 0.075. COVID-19 is a major disease that has impacted international public health on a global level. Observational studies and therapeutic trials pertaining to COVID-19 are essential for assessing pathogenic characteristics and developing novel treatment options."}, {"pmid": 32425700, "pmcid": "PMC7229937", "title": "CONTINUING CHRONIC DISEASE CARE DURING COVID-19 AND BEYOND.", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Hong, Wei-Zhen", "Chan, Gek-Cher", "Chua, Horng-Ruey"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484159, "pmcid": "PMC7263810", "title": "Managing Severe Aortic Stenosis in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "JACC Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Tanguturi, Varsha K", "Lindman, Brian R", "Pibarot, Philippe", "Passeri, Jonathan J", "Kapadia, Samir", "Mack, Michael J", "Inglessis, Ignacio", "Langer, Nathan B", "Sundt, Thoralf M", "Hung, Judy", "Elmariah, Sammy"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484159", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has created uncertainty in the management of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). This population experiences high mortality from delays in treatment of valve disease but is largely overlapping with the population of highest mortality from COVID-19. We present strategies for managing patients with severe AS in the COVID-era. We suggest transitions to virtual assessments and consultation, careful pruning and planning of necessary testing, as well as fewer and shorter hospital admissions. These strategies center on minimizing patient exposure to COVID-19 and expenditure of human and health-care resources without significant sacrifice to patient outcomes during this public health emergency. Areas of innovation to improve our care during this time include increased use of wearable and remote devices to assess patient performance and vital signs, devices for facile cardiac assessment, and widespread use of clinical protocols for expedient discharge with virtual physical therapy and cardiac rehabilitation options."}, {"pmid": 32386448, "pmcid": "PMC7272891", "title": "Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis with Erythema Multiforme-Like lesions in a COVID-19 woman.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Robustelli Test, E", "Vezzoli, P", "Carugno, A", "Raponi, F", "Gianatti, A", "Rongioletti, F", "Sena, P"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386448", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The antimalarials, Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and the antivirals Lopinavir/Ritonavir have been recently recorded as having anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) effects.1 In particular, regarding Italy, one of the countries most affected by the pandemic, the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical disease (Lombardy section) has recommended the use of HCQ for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32461487, "title": "COVID-19 and eye banking.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Chaurasia, Sunita", "Sharma, Namrata", "Das, Sujata"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461487", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324954, "pmcid": "PMC7264559", "title": "Weight Stigma and the \"Quarantine-15\".", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Pearl, Rebecca L"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324954", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380317, "pmcid": "PMC7198424", "title": "Novel COronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: What are the risks for systemic sclerosis patients?", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Del Papa, Nicoletta", "Sambataro, Gianluca", "Minniti, Antonina", "Pignataro, Francesca", "Caporali, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380317", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174095, "title": "[Advances in the research of mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis induced by Corona Virus Disease 2019 and the corresponding therapeutic measures].", "journal": "Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, J", "Wang, B J", "Yang, J C", "Wang, M Y", "Chen, C", "Luo, G X", "He, W F"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174095", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbroke in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbroke in Guangzhou, China in 2003 were caused by highly pathogenic coronaviruses with high homology. Since the 2019 novel coronavirus has strong transmissibility and progress rapidly. It has caused negative social effects and massive economic damage on a global scale. While there is currently no vaccine or effective drugs. Pulmonary fibrosis is a pulmonary disease with progressive fibrosis, which is the main factor leading to pulmonary dysfunction and quality of life decline in SARS survivors after recovery. Extensive epidemiological, viral immunological, and current clinical evidences support the possibility that pulmonary fibrosis may be one of the major complications in COVID-19 patients. Although there are no reports on the mechanism of COVID-19 inducing pulmonary fibrosis, based on the existing theoretical basis, we focus on the possible mechanism of COVID-19 sustained lung damaging, the key role of abnormal immune mechanism in the initiation and promotion of pulmonary fibrosis, and the corresponding therapeutic measures."}, {"pmid": 32247381, "pmcid": "PMC7270048", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic in the USA: what might we expect?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chowell, Gerardo", "Mizumoto, Kenji"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247381", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269100, "title": "Comparative Performance of SARS-CoV-2 Detection Assays Using Seven Different Primer-Probe Sets and One Assay Kit.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Nalla, Arun K", "Casto, Amanda M", "Huang, Meei-Li W", "Perchetti, Garrett A", "Sampoleo, Reigran", "Shrestha, Lasata", "Wei, Yulun", "Zhu, Haiying", "Jerome, Keith R", "Greninger, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269100", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nearly 400,000 people worldwide are known to have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) beginning in December 2019. The virus has now spread to over 168 countries including the United States, where the first cluster of cases was observed in the Seattle metropolitan area in Washington. Given the rapid increase in the number of cases in many localities, the availability of accurate, high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 testing is vital to efforts to manage the current public health crisis. In the course of optimizing SARS-CoV-2 testing performed by the University of Washington Clinical Virology Lab (UW Virology Lab), we evaluated assays using seven different primer-probe sets and one assay kit. We found that the most sensitive assays were those that used the E-gene primer-probe set described by Corman et al. (V. M. Corman, O. Landt, M. Kaiser, R. Molenkamp, et al., Euro Surveill 25:2000045, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045) and the N2 set developed by the CDC (Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/rt-pcr-panel-primer-probes.pdf). All assays tested were found to be highly specific for SARS-CoV-2, with no cross-reactivity with other respiratory viruses observed in our analyses regardless of the primer-probe set or kit used. These results will provide valuable information to other clinical laboratories who are actively developing SARS-CoV-2 testing protocols at a time when increased testing capacity is urgently needed worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32487789, "title": "Risk factors for mortality in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Bolivia: An analysis of the first 107 confirmed cases.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Escalera-Antezana, Juan Pablo", "Lizon-Ferrufino, Nicolas Freddy", "Maldonado-Alanoca, Americo", "Alarcon-De-la-Vega, Gricel", "Alvarado-Arnez, Lucia Elena", "Balderrama-Saavedra, Maria Alejandra", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487789", "countries": ["Germany", "Bolivia, Plurinational State of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present study is aimed to assess the risk factors for mortality in the first 107 rRT-PCR confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Bolivia. For this observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study, the epidemiological data records were collected from the Hospitals and the Ministry of Health of Bolivia, obtaining the clinical and epidemiological data of the COVID-19 cases that were laboratory-diagnosed during March 2-29, 2020. Samples were tested by rRT-PCR to SARS-CoV-2 at the Laboratory of the National Center of Tropical Diseases (CENETROP), following the protocol Charite, Berlin, Germany. The odds ratio (OR) with respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for mortality as dependent variable was calculated. When we comparatively analyzed survivors and non-survivors in this first group of 107 cases in Bolivia, we found that at bivariate analyses, age (\u00b160 years old), hypertension, chronic heart failure, diabetes, and obesity, as well as the requirement of ICU, were significantly exposure variables associated with death. At the multivariate analysis (logistic regression), two variables remained significantly associated, age, \u00b160 years-old (OR=9.4, 95%CI 1.8-104.1) and hypertension (OR=3.3, 95%CI 1.3-6.3). As expected, age and comorbidities, particularly hypertension, were independent risk factors for mortality in Bolivia in the first 107 cases group. More further studies are required to better define risk factors and preventive measures related to COVID-19 in this and other Latin American countries."}, {"pmid": 32401630, "title": "COVID-19 in Post-Operative Patients: Imaging Findings.", "journal": "Surg Infect (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Moliere, Sebastien", "Veillon, Francis"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401630", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                     Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in the post-operative period is challenging. Its clinical manifestations may have similarities to other septic, thoracic, or gastrointestinal post-surgical complications. Additionally, the post-operative period may be a time of increased risk for severe manifestations of COVID-19. We sought to evaluate the frequency of COVID-19 in a cohort of patients who had recently had operations who were undergoing imaging for acute symptoms and the role of chest computed tomography (CT) in this setting. \n                        Patients and Methods:\n                     We included all patients who had chest CT for acute symptoms in the 15 days after a surgical procedure between March 1 and 31, 2020. \n                        Results:\n                     Of 46 patients with acute post-operative symptoms requiring chest imaging, eight (17%) were ultimately diagnosed with COVID-19. Among them, five (62%) required mechanical ventilation and two (25%) died. All had abnormal chest CT with typical findings of COVID-19 in 87%. Computed tomography provided an alternate diagnosis in 53% of patients who did not have COVID-19. The average time between a COVID-19-positive chest CT and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmation was 1.2 days (range, 0-4 days). \n                        Conclusion:\n                     COVID-19 is a serious post-operative condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Chest CT provides prompt diagnosis of COVID-19. In centers with a high prevalence of COVID-19, chest acquisition should be included in CT scans done for acute post-operative symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32430948, "title": "Breast cancer surgery under the shadow of COVID-19: Quest for optimal axillary management after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.", "journal": "Breast J", "authors": ["Tasdoven, Ilhan", "Karadeniz Cakmak, Guldeniz"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430948", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338353, "title": "2020 - the year of the nurse and midwife: a call for action to scale up and strengthen the nursing and midwifery workforce in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.", "journal": "East Mediterr Health J", "authors": ["Al-Mandhari, Ahmed", "Gedik, F Gulin", "Mataria, Awad", "Oweis, Arwa", "Hajjeh, Rana"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338353", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared 2020 as the Year of the Nurse and the Midwife. World Health Day on 7 April is dedicated to supporting nurses and midwives and highlights the central role of these professions in advancing universal health coverage, achieving health-related sustainable development goals, and the Eastern Mediterranean Region Vision 2023: Health for All by All. This year, we sadly mark World Health Day in the face of the devastating COVID-19 pandemic, which has brought to attention more than ever the crucial and invaluable role of health workers, who are working tirelessly day and night to care for patients and save lives. In fighting COVID-19, not only might they become infected and put their own lives at risk, but they also face distress and burnout because of long working hours. In addition, many health workers have to be away from their homes for prolonged periods, for fear of putting their own families at risk of acquiring the infection. Even before the pandemic, the safety and security of health workers in the Eastern Mediterranean Region has been a significant concern, as more than half of the countries of the Region face acute and protracted crises, and 70- 80% of total recorded attacks on health facilities globally occur in the Eastern Mediterranean Region."}, {"pmid": 32468695, "title": "COVID-19: Moving beyond the pandemic.", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["McPeake, Joanne", "Pattison, Natalie"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468695", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of COVID-19. As of April 11th, 2020, there were almost 2 million cases of COVID-19 internationally and over 100,000 deaths (John Hopkins University, 2020). There has been significant effort to increase hospital and healthcare capacity to reduce the number of fatalities associated with this global pandemic (Choi & Logsdon 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32373651, "pmcid": "PMC7197322", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders.", "journal": "Mov Disord Clin Pract", "authors": ["Papa, Stella M", "Brundin, Patrik", "Fung, Victor S C", "Kang, Un Jung", "Burn, David J", "Colosimo, Carlo", "Chiang, Han-Lin", "Alcalay, Roy N", "Trenkwalder, Claudia"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373651", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329814, "title": "Quarantine hospitals are essential for COVID-19 contention.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Wang, M-W", "Zhou, M-Y", "Yu, P", "Cheng, Y-R", "Ye, L", "Chen, J", "Feng, Z-H"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329814", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495334, "title": "[Infection Control: The Roles and Functions of Nurses Working at the International Medical Center].", "journal": "Hu Li Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, Wan-Ping", "Feng, Ming-Chu", "Chen, Yen-Hsu", "Chen, Fang-Ming", "Li, Yi-Hong"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495334", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Travelers are known to convey infectious diseases across international borders. After its experience with SARS, Taiwan established a comprehensive mechanism at its border to prevent the entry of infectious diseases. However, people with chronic infectious diseases, carriers with no symptoms, and those likely to be infected are not easy to identify during border screenings. Therefore, Taiwan must implement internal disease-containment measures in addition to stopping infectious disease at its borders. With increasing numbers of patients coming to Taiwan for medical examinations, medical aesthetic treatments, and medical treatments and care, the risk of acute, chronic, and contagious diseases originating from non-residents must be considered and addressed. This article was developed to discuss the role and importance of nurses in preventing transnational infectious diseases from the perspective of international medical care. In addition to showing rich nursing experience, sensitivity, and conducting the management and communication of international cases, it is also necessary to make good use of information tools for remote screening care. Taking the period of the COVID-19 outbreak as an example, several procedures have been conducted. First, online detailed history of infectious diseases and nursing evaluations are conducted before admission. Second, preparation and movement notifications are given before admission. Third, online health education and follow-up care as well as cross-unit communication and coordination are implemented. International medical nurses directly affect the quality and effectiveness of international medical treatment. As Taiwan builds up its brand as an international medical caring destination, nursing professionals should help further this trend and announce to the world: Taiwan can help! Nursing can help!"}, {"pmid": 32468950, "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia misdiagnosed as pulmonary contusion in a child.", "journal": "Br J Hosp Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Bekci, Tumay", "Aslan, Serdar", "Cakir, Ismet M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468950", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503812, "title": "Elevation of blood glucose level predicts worse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care", "authors": ["Wu, Jianfeng", "Huang, Jianqiang", "Zhu, Guochao", "Wang, Qiongya", "Lv, Qingquan", "Huang, Ying", "Yu, Yang", "Si, Xiang", "Yi, Hui", "Wang, Cuiping", "Liu, Yihao", "Xiao, Han", "Zhou, Qian", "Liu, Xin", "Yang, Daya", "Guan, Xiangdong", "Li, Yanbing", "Peng, Sui", "Sung, Joseph", "Xiao, Haipeng"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503812", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With intense deficiency of medical resources during COVID-19 pandemic, risk stratification is of strategic importance. Blood glucose level is an important risk factor for the prognosis of infection and critically ill patients. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of blood glucose level in patients with COVID-19. We collected clinical and survival information of 2041 consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from two medical centers in Wuhan. Patients without available blood glucose level were excluded. We performed multivariable Cox regression to calculate HRs of blood glucose-associated indexes for the risk of progression to critical cases/mortality among non-critical cases, as well as in-hospital mortality in critical cases. Sensitivity analysis were conducted in patient without diabetes. Elevation of admission blood glucose level was an independent risk factor for progression to critical cases/death among non-critical cases (HR=1.30, 95%\u2009CI 1.03 to 1.63, p=0.026). Elevation of initial blood glucose level of critical diagnosis was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in critical cases (HR=1.84, 95%\u2009CI 1.14 to 2.98, p=0.013). Higher median glucose level during hospital stay or after critical diagnosis (\u22656.1\u2009mmol/L) was independently associated with increased risks of progression to critical cases/death among non-critical cases, as well as in-hospital mortality in critical cases. Above results were consistent in the sensitivity analysis in patients without diabetes. Elevation of blood glucose level predicted worse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Our findings may provide a simple and practical way to risk stratify COVID-19 inpatients for hierarchical management, particularly where medical resources are in severe shortage during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32353555, "pmcid": "PMC7185019", "title": "A 10-step guide to convert a surgical unit into a COVID-19 unit during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Mari, Giulio M", "Crippa, Jacopo", "Casciaro, Franco", "Maggioni, Dario"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353555", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337590, "pmcid": "PMC7197626", "title": "Profile of IgG and IgM antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qu, Jiuxin", "Wu, Chi", "Li, Xiaoyong", "Zhang, Guobin", "Jiang, Zhaofang", "Li, Xiaohe", "Zhu, Qing", "Liu, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337590", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We profiled the serological responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N) protein and spike (S) glycoprotein. The majority of the patients developed robust antibody responses between 17 and 23 days after illness onset. Delayed, but stronger antibody responses were observed in critical patients."}, {"pmid": 32490506, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and simultaneous acute anteroseptal and inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.", "journal": "Cardiovasc J Afr", "authors": ["Yolcu, Mustafa", "Gunesdogdu, Fusun", "Bektas, Metin", "Bayirli, Derya Turan", "Serefhanoglu, Kivanc"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490506", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently recognised pandemic spreading rapidly from Wuhan, Hubei, to other provinces in China and to many countries around the world. The number of COVID-19-related deaths is steadily increasing. Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality rates, and primary percutaneous coronary intervention is usually recommended for the treatment. A patient with diabetes mellitus and hypertension for five years was admitted to the emergency unit with symptoms of fever, cough and dyspnoea. These symptoms were consistent with viral pneumonia and a COVID PCR test was performed, which tested positive three days later. The patient had chest pain on the eighth day of hospitalisation. On electrocardiography, simultaneous acute inferior and anterior STEMI were identified. High levels of stress and increased metabolic demand in these patients may lead to concomitant thrombosis of different coronary arteries, presenting with two different STEMIs."}, {"pmid": 32447826, "pmcid": "PMC7267046", "title": "Can Covid-19 be a sexually transmitted disease? Posterity will judge.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Gaspari, Valeria", "Lanzoni, Anna", "Patrizi, Annalisa", "Orioni, Gionathan", "Viviani, Filippo", "Bardazzi, Federico"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447826", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427403, "title": "Safe and effective management of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiaomeng", "Huang, Qiling", "Niu, Xun", "Zhou, Tao", "Xie, Zhen", "Zhong, Yi", "Xiao, Hongjun"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427403", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An increasing number of COVID-19 patients worldwide will probably need tracheostomy in an emergency or at the recovering stage of COVID-19. We explored the safe and effective management of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients, to benefit patients and protect health care workers at the same time. We retrospectively analyzed 11 hospitalized COVID-19 patients undergoing tracheostomy. Clinical features of patients, ventilator withdrawal after tracheostomy, surgical complications, and nosocomial infection of the health care workers associated with the tracheostomy were analyzed. The tracheostomy of all the 11 cases (100%) was performed successfully, including percutaneous tracheostomy of 6 cases (54.5%) and conventional open tracheostomy of 5 cases (45.5%). No severe postoperative complications occurred, and no health care workers associated with the tracheostomy are confirmed to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. Comprehensive evaluation before tracheostomy, optimized procedures during tracheostomy, and special care after tracheostomy can make the tracheostomy safe and beneficial in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32445630, "pmcid": "PMC7239633", "title": "Vitamin-D and COVID-19: do deficient risk a poorer outcome?", "journal": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "authors": ["Mitchell, Fiona"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445630", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507612, "title": "Trainee and Attending Perspectives on Remote Radiology Readouts in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Matalon, Shanna A", "Souza, Daniel A T", "Gaviola, Glenn C", "Silverman, Stuart G", "Mayo-Smith, William W", "Lee, Leslie K"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social distancing mandates due to COVID-19 have necessitated adaptations to radiology trainee workflow and educational practices, including the radiology \"readout.\" We describe how a large academic radiology department achieved socially distant \"remote readouts,\" provide trainee and attending perspectives on this early experience, and propose ways by which \"remote readouts\" can be used effectively by training programs beyond COVID-19. Beginning March 2020, radiologists were relocated to workspaces outside of conventional reading rooms. Information technologies were employed to allow for \"remote readouts\" between trainees and attendings. An optional anonymous open-ended survey regarding remote readouts was administered to radiology trainees and attendings as a quality improvement initiative. From the responses, response themes were abstracted using thematic analysis. Descriptive statistics of the qualitative data were calculated. Radiologist workstations from 14 traditional reading rooms were relocated to 36 workspaces across the hospital system. Two models of remote readouts, synchronous and asynchronous, were developed, facilitated by commercially available information technologies. Thirty-nine of 105 (37%) trainees and 42 of 90 (47%) attendings responded to the survey. Main response themes included: social distancing, technology, autonomy/competency, efficiency, education/feedback and atmosphere/professional relationship. One hundred and forty-eight positive versus 97 negative comments were reported. Social distancing, technology, and autonomy/competency were most positively rated. Trainees and attending perspectives differed regarding the efficiency of remote readouts. \"Remote readouts,\" compliant with social distancing measures, are feasible in academic radiology practice settings. Perspectives from our initial experience provide insight into how this can be accomplished, opportunities for improvement and future application, beyond the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32518390, "title": "Editorial: Nutrition and COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Soares, Mario J", "Muller, Manfred J"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518390", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360424, "pmcid": "PMC7187840", "title": "Table-top exercises to prepare for neonatal resuscitation in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Law, Brenda H", "Cheung, Po-Yin", "Skelding, Shelley", "Schmolzer, Georg M"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360424", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421144, "pmcid": "PMC7235907", "title": "Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies Among Adults in Los Angeles County, California, on April 10-11, 2020.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Sood, Neeraj", "Simon, Paul", "Ebner, Peggy", "Eichner, Daniel", "Reynolds, Jeffrey", "Bendavid, Eran", "Bhattacharya, Jay"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421144", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493716, "title": "David Oliver: Covid-19 has highlighted the NHS's strengths and weaknesses.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Oliver, David"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493716", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482624, "title": "Ethnicity and covid-19: analysis must be inclusive and transparent.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Papineni, Padmasayee", "Harrison, Tiffanie", "Mutuyimana, Juliette"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482624", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499236, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and troponin: indirect myocardial injury, myocardial inflammation or myocarditis?", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Imazio, Massimo", "Klingel, Karin", "Kindermann, Ingrid", "Brucato, Antonio", "De Rosa, Francesco Giuseppe", "Adler, Yehuda", "De Ferrari, Gaetano Maria"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499236", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The initial mechanism for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is the binding of the virus to the membrane-bound form of ACE2, which is mainly expressed in the lung. Since the heart and the vessels also express ACE2, they both could become targets of the virus. However, at present the extent and importance of this potential involvement are unknown. Cardiac troponin levels are significantly higher in patients with more severe infections, patients admitted to intensive care units or in those who have died. In the setting of COVID-19, myocardial injury, defined by an increased troponin level, occurs especially due to non-ischaemic myocardial processes, including severe respiratory infection with hypoxia, sepsis, systemic inflammation, pulmonary thrombosis and embolism, cardiac adrenergic hyperstimulation during cytokine storm syndrome, and myocarditis. At present, there are limited reports on definite diagnosis of myocarditis caused by SARS-CoV-2 in humans and limited demonstration of the virus in the myocardium. In conclusion, although the heart and the vessels are potential targets in COVID-19, there is currently limited evidence on the direct infection of the myocardium by SARS-CoV-2. Additional pathological studies and autopsy series will be very helpful to clarify the potentiality of COVID-19 to directly infect the myocardium and cause myocarditis."}, {"pmid": 32275299, "title": "Public Health Interventions for COVID-19: Emerging Evidence and Implications for an Evolving Public Health Crisis.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Hartley, David M", "Perencevich, Eli N"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275299", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360185, "pmcid": "PMC7187829", "title": "Exercise and Fitness in the Age of Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Nyenhuis, Sharmilee M", "Greiwe, Justin", "Zeiger, Joanna S", "Nanda, Anil", "Cooke, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360185", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330274, "pmcid": "PMC7188125", "title": "COVID-19 with spontaneous pneumothorax,pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Wang, Weiyi", "Gao, Rundi", "Zheng, Yulu", "Jiang, Libin"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330274", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a case of COVID-19 pneumonia associated with spontaneous pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema."}, {"pmid": 32503080, "title": "Concomitant brain arterial and venous thrombosis in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Malentacchi, Maria", "Gned, Dario", "Angelino, Valeria", "Demichelis, Sara", "Perboni, Alberto", "Veltri, Andrea", "Bertolotto, Antonio", "Capobianco, Marco"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503080", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 infection can cause a severe pneumonia which, in some cases, can lead to admission in intensive care unit for respiratory support.1 In severe cases, systemic thrombotic complication has been described, including cerebrovascular disease (5.7-23% of cases).2,3."}, {"pmid": 32451366, "pmcid": "PMC7252960", "title": "The potential effects of widespread community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the World Health Organization African Region: a predictive model.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Cabore, Joseph Waogodo", "Karamagi, Humphrey Cyprian", "Kipruto, Hillary", "Asamani, James Avoka", "Droti, Benson", "Seydi, Aminata Binetou Wahebine", "Titi-Ofei, Regina", "Impouma, Benido", "Yao, Michel", "Yoti, Zabulon", "Zawaira, Felicitas", "Tumusiime, Prosper", "Talisuna, Ambrose", "Kasolo, Francis Chisaka", "Moeti, Matshidiso R"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451366", "countries": ["Mauritius", "South Africa", "Eritrea", "Mauritania", "Cameroon", "Algeria", "Nigeria", "Chad"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been unprecedented in its speed and effects. Interruption of its transmission to prevent widespread community transmission is critical because its effects go beyond the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths and affect the health system capacity to provide other essential services. Highlighting the implications of such a situation, the predictions presented here are derived using a Markov chain model, with the transition states and country specific probabilities derived based on currently available knowledge. A risk of exposure, and vulnerability index are used to make the probabilities country specific. The results predict a high risk of exposure in states of small size, together with Algeria, South Africa and Cameroon. Nigeria will have the largest number of infections, followed by Algeria and South Africa. Mauritania would have the fewest cases, followed by Seychelles and Eritrea. Per capita, Mauritius, Seychelles and Equatorial Guinea would have the highest proportion of their population affected, while Niger, Mauritania and Chad would have the lowest. Of the World Health Organization's 1 billion population in Africa, 22% (16%-26%) will be infected in the first year, with 37 (29 - 44) million symptomatic cases and 150 078 (82 735-189 579) deaths. There will be an estimated 4.6 (3.6-5.5)\u2009million COVID-19 hospitalisations, of which 139 521 (81 876-167 044) would be severe cases requiring oxygen, and 89 043 (52 253-106 599) critical cases requiring breathing support. The needed mitigation measures would significantly strain health system capacities, particularly for secondary and tertiary services, while many cases may pass undetected in primary care facilities due to weak diagnostic capacity and non-specific symptoms. The effect of avoiding widespread and sustained community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is significant, and most likely outweighs any costs of preventing such a scenario. Effective containment measures should be promoted in all countries to best manage the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32270980, "title": "Incorporating telemedicine as part of COVID-19 outbreak response systems.", "journal": "Am J Manag Care", "authors": ["Rockwell, Kimberly Lovett", "Gilroy, Alexis S"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270980", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare providers should revisit disaster response policies to incorporate telemedicine systems to address some of the unique challenges posed by infectious disease outbreaks such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32191143, "title": "Should patients stop their biologic treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Bashyam, Arjun M", "Feldman, Steven R"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191143", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450755, "title": "Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pediatric Otolaryngology Perspective.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Maurrasse, Sarah E", "Rastatter, Jeff C", "Hoff, Stephen R", "Billings, Kathleen R", "Valika, Taher S"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created a situation unparalleled in our lifetime. As the medical community has attempted to navigate a sea of ever-changing information and policies, this uncertainty has instead bred creativity, community, and evolution. Necessity is the mother of invention, and one of the by-products of our rapidly changing environment is the increased reliance on telemedicine. Here, we discuss our experience with incorporating telemedicine into an urban academic pediatric otolaryngology practice, the challenges that we have encountered, and the principles unique to this population."}, {"pmid": 32270695, "title": "Interim Guidance for Basic and Advanced Life Support in Adults, Children, and Neonates With Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19: From the Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and Get With the Guidelines((R))-Resuscitation Adult and Pediatric Task Forces of the American Heart Association in Collaboration with the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Respiratory Care, American College of Emergency Physicians, The Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists, and American Society of Anesthesiologists: Supporting Organizations: American Association of Critical Care Nurses and National EMS Physicians.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Edelson, Dana P", "Sasson, Comilla", "Chan, Paul S", "Atkins, Dianne L", "Aziz, Khalid", "Becker, Lance B", "Berg, Robert A", "Bradley, Steven M", "Brooks, Steven C", "Cheng, Adam", "Escobedo, Marilyn", "Flores, Gustavo E", "Girotra, Saket", "Hsu, Antony", "Kamath-Rayne, Beena D", "Lee, Henry C", "Lehotzky, Rebecca E", "Mancini, Mary E", "Merchant, Raina M", "Nadkarni, Vinay M", "Panchal, Ashish R", "Peberdy, Mary Ann R", "Raymond, Tia T", "Walsh, Brian", "Wang, David S", "Zelop, Carolyn M", "Topjian, Alexis"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270695", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "N/A."}, {"pmid": 32512122, "title": "Acute myocardial injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: A review.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Bavishi, Chirag", "Bonow, Robert O", "Trivedi, Vrinda", "Abbott, J Dawn", "Messerli, Franz H", "Bhatt, Deepak L"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512122", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a global pandemic with millions affected and millions more at risk for contracting the infection. The COVID-19 virus, SARS-CoV-2, affects multiple organ systems particularly the lungs and heart. Elevation of cardiac biomarkers, particularly high-sensitivity troponin and/or creatine kinase MB, is common in patients with COVID-19 infection. In our review of clinical studies, we found that in 26 studies including 11,685 patients, the weighted pooled prevalence of acute myocardial injury was 20% (ranged from 5% to 38% depending on the criteria used). The plausible mechanisms of myocardial injury include, 1) hyperinflammation and cytokine storm mediated through pathologic T-cells and monocytes leading to myocarditis, 2) respiratory failure and hypoxemia resulting in damage to cardiac myocytes, 3) down regulation of ACE2 expression and subsequent protective signaling pathways in cardiac myocytes, 4) hypercoagulability and development of coronary microvascular thrombosis, 5) diffuse endothelial injury and 'endotheliitis' in several organs including heart, and, 6) inflammation and/or stress causing coronary plaque rupture or supply-demand mismatch leading to myocardial ischemia/infarction. Cardiac biomarkers can be used to aid in diagnosis as well as risk stratification. In patients with elevated hs-troponin, clinical context is important and myocarditis as well as stress induced cardiomyopathy should be considered in the differential, along with type I and type II myocardial infarction. Irrespective of etiology, patients with acute myocardial injury should be prioritized for treatment. Clinical decisions including interventions should be individualized and carefully tailored after thorough review of risks/benefits. Given the complex interplay of SARS-CoV-2 with the cardiovascular system, further investigation into potential mechanisms is needed to guide effective therapies. Randomized trials are urgently needed to investigate treatment modalities to reduce the incidence and mortality associated with COVID-19 related acute myocardial injury."}, {"pmid": 32450309, "pmcid": "PMC7243783", "title": "Telemedicine for Outpatient Neurosurgical Oncology Care: Lessons Learned for the Future During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Daggubati, Lekhaj C", "Eichberg, Daniel G", "Ivan, Michael E", "Hanft, Simon", "Mansouri, Alireza", "Komotar, Ricardo J", "D'Amico, Randy S", "Zacharia, Brad E"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2019 (COVD-19) pandemic has drastically disrupted the delivery of neurosurgical care, especially for the already at-risk neuro-oncology population. The sudden change to clinic visits has rapidly spurned the implementation of telemedicine. A recommendation care paradigm of neuro-oncologic patients limited by telemedicine has not been reported. A summary of a multi-institution experience detailing the potential benefits, pitfalls, and the necessary considerations to outpatient care of neurosurgical oncology patients. There are limitations and advantages to incorporating telemedicine into the outpatient care of neuro-oncology patients. Telemedicine-specific considerations for each step and stakeholder of the appointment (physician, patient, scheduling, previsit, imaging, and physical examination) are examined. Telemedicine, pushed to prominence during this COVID-19 pandemic, is a powerful and possibly preferential tool for the future of outpatient neuro-oncologic care."}, {"pmid": 32297133, "pmcid": "PMC7156795", "title": "Toward understanding the 2019 Coronavirus and its impact on the heart.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Becker, Richard C"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297133", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479216, "title": "Are We Ready For The Next Pandemic?", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Torbay, Rabih"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479216", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433385, "title": "The Detrimental Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on Health Equity and Social Determinants of Health.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Shah, Gulzar H", "Shankar, Padmini", "Schwind, Jessica S", "Sittaramane, Vinoth"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433385", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366507, "title": "Monitoring respiratory infections in covid-19 epidemics.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Chan, Ka Hung", "Lee, Pak-Wing", "Chan, Crystal Ying", "Lam, Kin Bong Hubert", "Ho, Pak-Leung"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366507", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277235, "pmcid": "PMC7184335", "title": "My Future in Medicine: How COVID-19 is Inspiring the Next Generation of Infectious Disease Specialists.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Allen, Jawara"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277235", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318729, "pmcid": "PMC7188112", "title": "Fever without a source in a young infant due to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Kan, Matthew J", "Grant, Lauren M C", "Muna, Martha A", "Greenhow, Tara L"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318729", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 5-week-old infant admitted for fever without a source subsequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. She had a mild hospital course without respiratory distress. This unexpected presentation changed regional hospital screening for COVID-19 and personal protective equipment use by medical providers evaluating infants with fever without a source."}, {"pmid": 32438213, "pmcid": "PMC7218356", "title": "Forgotten key players in public health: news media as agents of information and persuasion during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["De Coninck, D", "d'Haenens, L", "Matthijs, K"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438213", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472408, "pmcid": "PMC7257352", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Surgical Oncology: Preserving the Academic Mission.", "journal": "Ann Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Pawlik, Timothy M", "Tyler, Douglas S", "Sumer, Baran", "Meric-Bernstam, Funda", "Okereke, Ikenna C", "Beane, Joal D", "Dedhia, Priya H", "Ejaz, Aslam", "McMasters, Kelly M", "Tanabe, Kenneth K"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472408", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of respiratory disease cause by the novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused untold suffering, loss of life and upheaval in society. The pandemic has lead to massive redirection of health care resources to treat the surge of COVID-19 patients, and enforcement of social distancing to reduce the rate of transmission. Editorial Board members provided observations of the implications of the pandemic on academic surgical oncology. Delivery of health care to other populations including cancer patients has been significantly disrupted. The implications both short term and long term threaten preservation of the academic mission in medicine at large, and certainly in the field of surgical oncology. The effects on surgical oncology training, research and clinical trials are major."}, {"pmid": 32474577, "title": "Diligent medical activities of a publicly designated medical institution for infectious diseases pave the way for overcoming COVID-19: A positive message to people working at the cutting edge.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nagano, Tatsuya", "Arii, Jun", "Nishimura, Mitsuhiro", "Yoshida, Naofumi", "Iida, Keiji", "Nishimura, Yoshihiro", "Mori, Yasuko"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474577", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476022, "title": "Return to work guidelines for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Rueda-Garrido, Juan Carlos", "Vicente-Herrero, M feminine Teofila", "Del Campo, M feminine Teresa", "Reinoso-Barbero, Luis", "de la Hoz, Rafael E", "Delclos, George L", "Kales, Stefanos N", "Fernandez-Montero, Alejandro"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476022", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221964, "title": "Use of in situ simulation to evaluate the operational readiness of a high-consequence infectious disease intensive care unit.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Fregene, T E", "Nadarajah, P", "Buckley, J F", "Bigham, S", "Nangalia, V"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221964", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the outbreak of a coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was a public health emergency of international concern. The WHO guidance states that patients with (COVID-19) should be managed by staff wearing appropriate personal protective equipment; however, working whilst wearing personal protective equipment is unfamiliar to many healthcare professionals. We ran high-fidelity, in-situ simulation of high-risk procedures on patients with COVID-19 in a negative-pressure side room on our intensive care unit (ICU). Our aim was to identify potential problems, test the robustness of our systems and inform modification of our standard operating procedures for any patients with COVID-19 admitted to our ICU. The simulations revealed several important latent risks and allowed us to put corrective measures in place before the admission of patients with COVID-19. We recommend that staff working in clinical areas expected to receive patients with COVID-19 conduct in-situ simulation in order to detect their own unique risks and aid in the creation of local guidelines of management of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32520159, "title": "Viral infections and atherothrombosis: Another caution in the wake of COVID-19?", "journal": "Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)", "authors": ["Pereira, Marcel de Paula", "Lima, Eduardo Gomes", "Serrano Junior, Carlos Vicente"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520159", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331984, "pmcid": "PMC7166019", "title": "Surgical management of bone and soft tissue sarcomas and skeletal metastases during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Cardoso, Pedro", "Rodrigues-Pinto, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331984", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495299, "pmcid": "PMC7268955", "title": "COVID-19: is there a link between the course of infection and pharmacological agents in diabetes?", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Filardi, T", "Morano, S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495299", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are two pandemics that share the dramatic impact on global mortality and economic resources. COVID-19 largely exhibits mild to moderate clinical manifestations. However, severe pneumonia with high fatality rate may occur, especially in the elderly and in patients with underlying conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a ubiquitous trans-membrane carboxypeptidase, to enter the cells. This short review discusses some open questions about the link between COVID-19 and diabetes, principally focusing on the possible effects of commonly used drugs in patients with diabetes. Preclinical studies have reported that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and ACE inhibitors might increase ACE2 expression in several cell types. Hence, it has been speculated that the treatment with these agents might influence the course of the infection, and both harmful and beneficial effects have been supposed. Other pharmacological agents are thought to increase ACE2 expression, including statins and proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-\u03b3) agonists. All these drug classes are broadly adopted in T2D. Besides ACE2, other unknown co-factors might be involved in cell infection. It has been recently observed that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), the receptor for MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus) and ACE2 have similar expression profiles in the lung. DPP4 has important metabolic and immune functions and is a target for commonly used therapies in T2D. Although clinical data supporting an influence of all these drugs on the course of the disease are limited, this is an interesting background for further research that might help unravel the complex mechanisms underlying the link between COVID-19 and diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32294340, "pmcid": "PMC7179995", "title": "Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura in a Patient with Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zulfiqar, Abrar-Ahmad", "Lorenzo-Villalba, Noel", "Hassler, Patrick", "Andres, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294340", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397007, "pmcid": "PMC7272811", "title": "There is a relationship between obesity and COVID-19 but more information is needed.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Buscemi, Silvio", "Buscemi, Carola", "Batsis, John A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397007", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with particular interest your comments in Obesity regarding the Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) epidemic (1) and a related manuscript by Simonnet et al. (2). Resolution of the specific relationship between obesity and COVID-19, two existing public health epidemics, is critically needed to potentially prevent health systems worldwide from being overburdened. Few studies describing COVID-19 with rates of obesity exist, and most are based on heterogeneous populations (Table 1) (2-7). In cohort studies with COVID-19 disease, obesity rates are generally reported as no higher than population-based estimates; in contrast, subgroups of critically ill patients (e.g, intensive care unit (ICU)) report higher prevalence rates of obesity."}, {"pmid": 32350383, "pmcid": "PMC7189830", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: a moment for exposure science.", "journal": "J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol", "authors": ["Deziel, Nicole C", "Allen, Joseph G", "Scheepers, Paul T J", "Levy, Jonathan I"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350383", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363145, "pmcid": "PMC7195299", "title": "An algorithm for managing QT prolongation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients treated with either chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in conjunction with azithromycin: Possible benefits of intravenous lidocaine.", "journal": "HeartRhythm Case Rep", "authors": ["Mitra, Raman L", "Greenstein, Steven A", "Epstein, Laurence M"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363145", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281587, "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Med J Malaysia", "authors": ["Rampal, L", "Liew, B S"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281587", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No abstract provided."}, {"pmid": 32285765, "pmcid": "PMC7176984", "title": "Public Education and Electronic Awareness of the New Coronavirus (COVID-19): Experiences From Iran.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Peyravi, Mahmoudreza", "Ahmadi Marzaleh, Milad", "Shamspour, Navvab", "Soltani, Ahmad"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285765", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527843, "title": "Neuroimaging Findings in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Nicholson, P", "Alshafai, L", "Krings, T"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527843", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is known about the neurologic sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We assessed neuroimaging findings in 4 patients positive for COVID-19. All had abnormal mental status, deranged coagulation parameters, and markedly elevated D-dimer levels. CT/MR imaging showed a common pattern of multifocal subcortical/cortical petechial-type hemorrhages, while SWI showed more extensive multifocal abnormalities. The appearances are consistent with a thrombotic microangiopathy and may be due to the heightened level of thrombosis in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32371479, "title": "Cytokine Storm Drugs Move from CAR T to COVID-19.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371479", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early reports suggest that tocilizumab, an IL6 receptor-blocking antibody used to manage toxicities associated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, may help control cytokine storms in people infected with COVID-19. Preliminary data from randomized trials are less clear-cut."}, {"pmid": 32530456, "title": "Latin America and Its Global Partners Toil to Procure Medical Supplies as COVID-19 Pushes the Region to Its Limit.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rubin, Rita", "Abbasi, Jennifer", "Voelker, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530456", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442285, "title": "Association of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors with COVID-19-related outcomes in Korea: a nationwide population-based cohort study.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jung, Sun-Young", "Choi, Jae Chol", "You, Seung-Hun", "Kim, Won-Young"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442285", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors may facilitate host cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or attenuate organ injury via RAAS blockade. We aimed to assess the associations between prior use of RAAS inhibitors and clinical outcomes among Korean patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). We performed a nationwide population-based cohort study using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. Claim records were screened for 66793 individuals who were tested for COVID-19 until April 8, 2020. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were used to compare the clinical outcomes between RAAS inhibitor users and nonusers. Among 5179 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 762 patients were RAAS inhibitor users and 4417 patients were nonusers. Relative to nonusers, RAAS inhibitor users were more likely to be older, male, and have comorbidities. Among 1954 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 377 patients were RAAS inhibitor users and 1577 patients were nonusers. In-hospital mortality was observed for 33 RAAS inhibitor users (9%) and 51 nonusers (3%) (p<0.001). However, after adjustment for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, immunosuppression, and hospital type, the use of RAAS inhibitors was not associated with a higher risk of mortality (adjusted OR, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-1.44; p=0.60). No significant differences were observed between RAAS inhibitor users and nonusers in terms of vasopressor use, modes of ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, renal replacement therapy, and acute cardiac events. Our findings suggest that prior use of RAAS inhibitors was not independently associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients in Korea."}, {"pmid": 32337143, "pmcid": "PMC7182166", "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): An Update.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Pal, Mahendra", "Berhanu, Gemechu", "Desalegn, Chaltu", "Kandi, Venkataramana"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337143", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the family of\u00a0Coronaviridae, the order\u00a0Nidovirales, and the genus\u00a0Coronavirus. They\u00a0are the largest group of viruses causing respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Morphologically, CoVs are enveloped viruses containing a\u00a0non-segmented\u00a0positive-sense,\u00a0single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses. CoVs are categorized into four important genera that include\u00a0Alphacoronavirus,\u00a0Betacoronavirus,\u00a0Gammacoronavirus, and\u00a0Deltacoronavirus. A novel member of human CoV that has recently emerged\u00a0in Wuhan, China, is now formally named as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). This is a unique strain of RNA viruses that have not been previously observed in humans. The virus has wide host adaptability and is capable of causing severe diseases in humans, masked palm civets, mice, dogs, cats, camels, pigs, chickens, and bats. The SARS-CoV-2\u00a0typically causes respiratory and gastrointestinal sickness in both humans and animals. It can be transmitted through aerosols and direct/indirect contact, as well as during medical cases and laboratory sample handling. Specific structural proteins, which might be found on the surface of the virus, play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of the complications. The disease is characterized by distinct medical signs and symptoms that include high fever, chills, cough, and shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing. The infected people may also present with other symptoms such as diarrhea, myalgia, fatigue, expectoration, and hemoptysis. It is important from the public health and economic point of view as it affects the growth of the country, which is majorly attributed to the restriction in the movement of the people and the cost associated with the control and prevention of the disease. Since there is no specific therapeutic intervention nor a vaccine available against the virus, supportive management and treatment with non-specific therapeutic agents (repurposed drugs) may provide\u00a0relief to the patients. Some preventive strategies of the disease include blocking the routes of transmission of the infections, disinfection of instruments used during medical case handling, using personal protective equipment, proper and early diagnosis of the disease, avoiding contact with the sick patients, and quarantine of the infected/exposed people."}, {"pmid": 32283246, "pmcid": "PMC7146679", "title": "Treating the mental health effects of COVID-19: The need for at-home neurotherapeutics is now.", "journal": "Brain Stimul", "authors": ["Caulfield, Kevin A", "George, Mark S"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283246", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438446, "title": "Prioritisation of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 Drug Repurposing Opportunities Based on Plasma and Target Site Concentrations Derived from their Established Human Pharmacokinetics.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Arshad, Usman", "Pertinez, Henry", "Box, Helen", "Tatham, Lee", "Rajoli, Rajith Kr", "Curley, Paul", "Neary, Megan", "Sharp, Joanne", "Liptrott, Neill J", "Valentijn, Anthony", "David, Christopher", "Rannard, Steve P", "O'Neill, Paul M", "Aljayyoussi, Ghaith", "Pennington, Shaun", "Ward, Stephen A", "Hill, Andrew", "Back, David J", "Khoo, Saye H", "Bray, Patrick G", "Biagini, Giancarlo A", "Owen, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438446", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a rapidly expanding literature on the in vitro antiviral activity of drugs that may be repurposed for therapy or chemoprophylaxis against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, this has not been accompanied by a comprehensive evaluation of the target plasma and lung concentrations of these drugs following approved dosing in humans. Accordingly, concentration 90% (EC90 ) values recalculated from in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity data was expressed as a ratio to the achievable maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) at an approved dose in humans (Cmax /EC90 ratio). Only 14 of the 56 analyzed drugs achieved a Cmax /EC90 ratio above 1. A more in-depth assessment demonstrated that only nitazoxanide, nelfinavir, tipranavir (ritonavir-boosted), and sulfadoxine achieved plasma concentrations above their reported anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity across their entire approved dosing interval. An unbound lung to plasma tissue partition coefficient (Kp Ulung ) was also simulated to derive a lung Cmax /half-maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) as a better indicator of potential human efficacy. Hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, mefloquine, atazanavir (ritonavir-boosted), tipranavir (ritonavir-boosted), ivermectin, azithromycin, and lopinavir (ritonavir-boosted) were all predicted to achieve lung concentrations over 10-fold higher than their reported EC50 . Nitazoxanide and sulfadoxine also exceeded their reported EC50 by 7.8-fold and 1.5-fold in lung, respectively. This analysis may be used to select potential candidates for further clinical testing, while deprioritizing compounds unlikely to attain target concentrations for antiviral activity. Future studies should focus on EC90 values and discuss findings in the context of achievable exposures in humans, especially within target compartments, such as the lungs, in order to maximize the potential for success of proposed human clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32386948, "pmcid": "PMC7196385", "title": "(18)FDG PET/CT Scan Reveals Hypoactive Orbitofrontal Cortex in Anosmia of COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Karimi-Galougahi, Mahboobeh", "Yousefi-Koma, Abbas", "Bakhshayeshkaram, Mehrdad", "Raad, Nasim", "Haseli, Sara"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386948", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505467, "title": "Rapid resolution of cytokine release syndrome and favorable clinical course of severe COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient treated with tocilizumab.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Gautier-Vargas, Gabriela", "Baldacini, Clement", "Benotmane, Ilies", "Keller, Nicolas", "Perrin, Peggy", "Moulin, Bruno", "Caillard, Sophie"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505467", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458279, "pmcid": "PMC7250281", "title": "Remdesivir for Treatment of COVID-19: Combination of Pulmonary and IV Administration May Offer Aditional Benefit.", "journal": "AAPS J", "authors": ["Sun, Duxin"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458279", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Remdesivir is one of the most promising drugs to treat COVID-19 based on the following facts: remdesivir has a broad-spectrum antiviral mechanism of action; it demonstrated in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 and in vivo efficacy in animal models against the similar coronavirus MERS-CoV; its safety profile has been tested in Ebola patients and in compassionate use in COVID-19 patients. Currently, remdesivir is being investigated in ten randomized controlled trials against COVID-19. The dose regimen of remdesivir is an IV loading dose of 200\u00a0mg on day 1 followed by daily IV maintenance doses of 100\u00a0mg for 5-9\u00a0days. Based on our data analysis, however, remdesivir with IV administration alone is unlikely to achieve excellent clinical efficacy. This analysis is based on the following observations: plasma exposures of remdesivir and its active metabolite are unlikely to be correlated with its clinical efficacy; remdesivir and its active metabolites are unlikely to be adequate in the lung to kill the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Even if remdesivir demonstrates benefits in the current randomized controlled trials, its efficacy may be limited. We suggest that a combination of an IV and pulmonary delivery dose regimen should be studied immediately to realize a potentially more effective antiviral therapy against COVID-19. Graphical abstract."}, {"pmid": 32292257, "pmcid": "PMC7132434", "title": "Annotation: The COVID-19 pandemic and clinical orthopaedic and trauma surgery.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Ashford, Robert U", "Nichols, Jennifer S", "Mangwani, Jitendra"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292257", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article provides a brief overview of the current COVID-19 pandemic crisis and the impact on trauma and orthopaedic surgeons. The principles of protect, avoid, restrict and abbreviate are recommended. Coordination of response, communication and support are also important. The versatility of orthopaedic surgeons lends them to having an important role."}, {"pmid": 32357378, "pmcid": "PMC7267510", "title": "Ethical surgical triage of patients with head and neck cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Civantos, Francisco J", "Leibowitz, Jason M", "Arnold, David J", "Stubbs, Vanessa C", "Gross, Jennifer H", "Thomas, Giovana R", "Sargi, Zoukaa", "Casiano, Roy R", "Franzmann, Elizabeth J", "Weed, Donald", "Perez, Cesar", "Samuels, Michael", "Goodman, Kenneth W", "Goodwin, W Jarrard"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357378", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus has serially overtaken our metropolitan hospitals. At peak, patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome may outnumber mechanical ventilators. In our Miami Hospital System, COVID-19 cases have multiplied for 4\u2009weeks and elective surgery has been suspended. An Otolaryngologic Triage Committee was created to appropriately allocate resources to patients. Hospital ethicists provided support. Our tumor conference screened patients for nonsurgical options. Patients were tested twice for coronavirus before performing urgent contaminated operations. N95 masks and protective equipment were conserved when possible. Patients with low-grade cancers were advised to delay surgery, and other difficult decisions were made. Hundreds of surgeries were canceled. Sixty-five cases screened over 3\u2009weeks are tabulated. Physicians and patients expressed discomfort regarding perceived deviations from standards, but risk of COVID-19 exposure tempered these discussions. We describe the use of actively managed surgical triage to fairly balance our patient's health with public health concerns."}, {"pmid": 32382249, "pmcid": "PMC7203053", "title": "A decision support system for demand management in healthcare supply chains considering the epidemic outbreaks: A case study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Transp Res E Logist Transp Rev", "authors": ["Govindan, Kannan", "Mina, Hassan", "Alavi, Behrouz"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382249", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The disasters caused by epidemic outbreaks is different from other disasters due to two specific features: their long-term disruption and their increasing propagation. Not controlling such disasters brings about severe disruptions in the supply chains and communities and, thereby, irreparable losses will come into play. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of these disasters that has caused severe disruptions across the world and in many supply chains, particularly in the healthcare supply chain. Therefore, this paper, for the first time, develops a practical decision support system based on physicians' knowledge and fuzzy inference system (FIS) in order to help with the demand management in the healthcare supply chain, to reduce stress in the community, to break down the COVID-19 propagation chain, and, generally, to mitigate the epidemic outbreaks for healthcare supply chain disruptions. This approach first divides community residents into four groups based on the risk level of their immune system (namely, very sensitive, sensitive, slightly sensitive, and normal) and by two indicators of age and pre-existing diseases (such as diabetes, heart problems, or high blood pressure). Then, these individuals are classified and are required to observe the regulations of their class. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed approach was measured in the real world using the information from four users and the results showed the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach."}, {"pmid": 32425210, "pmcid": "PMC7231733", "title": "[COVID-19 impact on the cancer care structuration: example of the multidisciplinary team meeting dedicated to oncology in Occitanie].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Grosclaude, Pascale", "Azria, David", "Guimbaud, Rosine", "Thibault, Severine", "Daubisse, Laetitia", "Cartron, Guillaume", "Renaudie, Marie-Jose", "Dalbies, Pierre-Adrien", "Delord, Jean-Pierre", "Bauvin, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425210", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This work examines the impact of the SARS-CoV2 epidemic and the organizational recommendations that have been issued since March 16 on tumor boards (TB) activity. The tumor board activity was measured from tumor board sheets extracted from the oncologic electronic file between January 7, 2019 and April 24, 2020. The pre-containment activity was compared to the activity of the containment periods but also to the equivalent periods in 2019. The number of meetings held, the average number of files reviewed per meeting including first presentations and the average number of physicians' attendance were the evaluation criteria. The study covered 191 TB that held 3,943 multidisciplinary team meetings (MTM) and reviewed 72070 files (including 30127 first submissions). There was a moderate decrease of 8\u00a0% in the number of meetings after March 16, 2020. The number of files examined decreased by 23\u00a0% in the following month and even more by 33\u00a0% in the third period. The physicians' number who attended MTM also decreased by 25\u00a0%. The negative impact was higher in the Mediterranean part of the region. This first study of tumor board activity, covering a large region but little affected by the pandemic, shows that its impact on the participation to the MTM has been moderate. In addition, tumor boards have followed the recommendations for optimizing quorum. However, the decrease in average MTM activity, particularly for first submissions, suggests a potential delay in patient management. Complementary qualitative and quantitative works are warranted to estimate the real impact on carcinologic outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32387332, "pmcid": "PMC7200352", "title": "Current development of COVID-19 diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Naru", "Li, Chaoqun", "Hu, Yue", "Li, Kangchen", "Liang, Jintian", "Wang, Lili", "Du, Lanying", "Jiang, Shibo"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387332", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, designated as SARS-CoV-2, first emerged in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, in late December 2019. The rapidly increasing number of cases has caused worldwide panic. In this review, we describe some currently applied diagnostic approaches, as well as therapeutics and vaccines, to prevent, treat and control further outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32222713, "pmcid": "PMC7179539", "title": "A Case of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient Presenting with Gastroenteritis and Developing Severe Pulmonary Disease.", "journal": "Am J Nephrol", "authors": ["Ferrey, Antoney J", "Choi, Grace", "Hanna, Ramy M", "Chang, Yongen", "Tantisattamo, Ekamol", "Ivaturi, Kaushik", "Park, Elisa", "Nguyen, Lawrence", "Wang, Brian", "Tonthat, Sam", "Rhee, Connie M", "Reddy, Uttam", "Lau, Wei Ling", "Huang, Susan S", "Gohil, Shruti", "Amin, Alpesh N", "Hsieh, Lanny", "Cheng, Timmy T", "Lee, Richard A", "Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222713", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious, rapidly spreading viral disease with an alarming case fatality rate up to 5%. The risk factors for severe presentations are concentrated in patients with chronic kidney disease, particularly patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are dialysis dependent. We report the first US case of a 56-year-old nondiabetic male with ESRD secondary to IgA nephropathy undergoing thrice-weekly maintenance hemodialysis for 3 years, who developed COVID-19 infection. He has hypertension controlled with angiotensin receptor blocker losartan 100 mg/day and coronary artery disease status-post stent placement. During the first 5 days of his febrile disease, he presented to an urgent care, 3 emergency rooms, 1 cardiology clinic, and 2 dialysis centers in California and Utah. During this interval, he reported nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and low-grade fevers but was not suspected of COVID-19 infection until he developed respiratory symptoms and was admitted to the hospital. Imaging studies upon admission were consistent with bilateral interstitial pneumonia. He was placed in droplet-eye precautions while awaiting COVID-19 test results. Within the first 24 h, he deteriorated quickly and developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), requiring intubation and increasing respiratory support. Losartan was withheld due to hypotension and septic shock. COVID-19 was reported positive on hospital day 3. He remained in critical condition being treated with hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab in addition to the standard medical management for septic shock and ARDS. Our case is unique in its atypical initial presentation and highlights the importance of early testing."}, {"pmid": 32216866, "pmcid": "PMC7156572", "title": "COVID-19 positive test result from a private hospital laboratory: Neglecting to report and problems with national infection control.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Sriwijiatalai, Won", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216866", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407552, "pmcid": "PMC7272899", "title": "Thrombotic occlusive vasculopathy in skin biopsy from a livedoid lesion of a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Llamas-Velasco, M", "Munoz-Hernandez, P", "Lazaro-Gonzalez, J", "Reolid-Perez, A", "Abad-Santamaria, B", "Fraga, J", "Dauden-Tello, E"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407552", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some authors have reported the presence of cutaneous lesions related to new COronaVirus Disease 2019 (CoViD-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, in up to 20.4% of the cases; however, these lesions are not well characterized either clinically or histopathologically.1 Recently, it has been highlighted the finding of congested and edematous blood vessels in the alveolar septum along with hyaline thrombi, and also in the heart, liver and kidney of autopsies of 3 patients deceased due to severe infection by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32458071, "pmcid": "PMC7250486", "title": "Implementation of Medical and Scientific Cooperation in the Caribbean Using Blockchain Technology in Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemics.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Resiere, Dabor", "Resiere, Dajour", "Kallel, Hatem"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458071", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372552, "title": "Authors' response re: From the frontlines of COVID-19-How prepared are we as obstetricians: a commentary.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Chua, Monica Shi Qi", "Lee, Jill Cheng Sim", "Sulaiman, Suzanna", "Tan, Hak Koon"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372552", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320561, "title": "First Case of Covid-19 in the United States.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Yue-Miao"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320561", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249471, "title": "Lung ultrasound and computed tomographic findings in pregnant woman with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Kalafat, E", "Yaprak, E", "Cinar, G", "Varli, B", "Ozisik, S", "Uzun, C", "Azap, A", "Koc, A"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249471", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Imaging modalities play a crucial role in the management of suspected COVID-19 patients.\u2009Before reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results are positive, 60-93% of patients have positive chest computed tomographic (CT) findings consistent with COVID-19. We report a case of positive lung ultrasound findings consistent with COVID-19 in a woman with an initially negative RT-PCR result. The lung ultrasound-imaging findings were present between the negative and subsequent positive RT-PCR tests and correlated with CT findings. The point-of-care lung-ultrasound examination was easy to perform and, as such, could play an important role in the triage of women with suspected COVID-19. The neonatal swabs, cord blood and placental swab RT-PCR tests were negative for SARS-CoV-2, a finding consistent with the published literature suggesting no vertical transmission of this virus in pregnant women. Copyright \u00a9 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd."}, {"pmid": 32414714, "title": "COVID-19: the physician's response in the first phase.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Emmanuel, Anton"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414714", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233161, "pmcid": "PMC7105509", "title": "Analysis on 54 Mortality Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Republic of Korea from January 19 to March 10, 2020.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233161", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the identification of the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the global number of confirmed cases as of March 15, 2020, is 156,400, with total death in 5,833 (3.7%) worldwide. Here, we summarize the morality data from February 19 when the first mortality occurred to 0 am, March 10, 2020, in Korea with comparison to other countries. The overall case fatality rate of COVID-19 in Korea was 0.7% as of 0 am, March 10, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32030925, "pmcid": "PMC7008073", "title": "The First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Imported into Korea from Wuhan, China: Implication for Infection Prevention and Control Measures.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Jin Yong", "Choe, Pyoeng Gyun", "Oh, Yoonju", "Oh, Kyung Joong", "Kim, Jinsil", "Park, So Jeong", "Park, Ji Hye", "Na, Hye Kyoung", "Oh, Myoung Don"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32030925", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a viral pneumonia outbreak caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), began in Wuhan, China. We report the epidemiological and clinical features of the first patient with 2019-nCoV pneumonia imported into Korea from Wuhan. This report suggests that in the early phase of 2019-nCoV pneumonia, chest radiography would miss patients with pneumonia and highlights taking travel history is of paramount importance for early detection and isolation of 2019-nCoV cases."}, {"pmid": 32306656, "title": "[Clinical consideration and management of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ma, K", "Chen, T", "Han, M F", "Guo, W", "Ning, Q"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306656", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan city, Hubei province in December 2019 and the epidemic so rapidly happened within the whole country and abroad, raising serious problems and urgent concerns, such as: how to control most effectively human-to-human transmission? When does infection rate rise to its peak? What will eventually be the number of infected patients? How to make early diagnosis? What effective antiviral drugs are available? How to use the existing drugs to achieve the best effect? Can available drugs effectively improve the survival rate of critical patients? In view of the above questions, this article now puts forwards the corresponding suggestions and considerations from the perspective of clinical infectious diseases physician."}, {"pmid": 32338731, "title": "Twentieth-Century Lessons for a Modern Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Desai, Angel"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338731", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199073, "pmcid": "PMC7138170", "title": "COVID-19 battle during the toughest sanctions against Iran.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Takian, Amirhossein", "Raoofi, Azam", "Kazempour-Ardebili, Sara"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199073", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270420, "pmcid": "PMC7141488", "title": "Management of Cancer Surgery Cases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations.", "journal": "Ann Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Bartlett, David L", "Howe, James R", "Chang, George", "Crago, Aimee", "Hogg, Melissa", "Karakousis, Giorgos", "Levine, Edward", "Maker, Ajay", "Mamounas, Eleftherios", "McGuire, Kandace", "Merchant, Nipun", "Shibata, David", "Sohn, Vance", "Solorzano, Carmen", "Turaga, Kiran", "White, Richard", "Yang, Anthony", "Yoon, Sam"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270420", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188445, "pmcid": "PMC7081539", "title": "Coronavirus: the spread of misinformation.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Mian, Areeb", "Khan, Shujhat"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188445", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334687, "pmcid": "PMC7180023", "title": "India under COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334687", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238336, "pmcid": "PMC7124951", "title": "Global Telemedicine Implementation and Integration Within Health Systems to Fight the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call to Action.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Ohannessian, Robin", "Duong, Tu Anh", "Odone, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238336", "countries": ["Italy", "United Kingdom", "France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic, with over 720,000 cases reported in more than 203 countries as of 31 March. The response strategy included early diagnosis, patient isolation, symptomatic monitoring of contacts as well as suspected and confirmed cases, and public health quarantine. In this context, telemedicine, particularly video consultations, has been promoted and scaled up to reduce the risk of transmission, especially in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Based on a literature review, the first conceptual framework for telemedicine implementation during outbreaks was published in 2015. An updated framework for telemedicine in the COVID-19 pandemic has been defined. This framework could be applied at a large scale to improve the national public health response. Most countries, however, lack a regulatory framework to authorize, integrate, and reimburse telemedicine services, including in emergency and outbreak situations. In this context, Italy does not include telemedicine in the essential levels of care granted to all citizens within the National Health Service, while France authorized, reimbursed, and actively promoted the use of telemedicine. Several challenges remain for the global use and integration of telemedicine into the public health response to COVID-19 and future outbreaks. All stakeholders are encouraged to address the challenges and collaborate to promote the safe and evidence-based use of telemedicine during the current pandemic and future outbreaks. For countries without integrated telemedicine in their national health care system, the COVID-19 pandemic is a call to adopt the necessary regulatory frameworks for supporting wide adoption of telemedicine."}, {"pmid": 32305134, "pmcid": "PMC7151480", "title": "Chest Imaging in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection - A Case Series.", "journal": "Curr Probl Diagn Radiol", "authors": ["Bhat, Roopa", "Hamid, Aws", "Kunin, Jeffrey R", "Saboo, Sachin S", "Batra, Kiran", "Baruah, Dhiraj", "Bhat, Ambarish P"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305134", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease-19) is a zoonotic illness first reported in the city of Wuhan, China in December 2019, and is now officially a global pandemic as declared by the World Health Organization. The infection is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 infected patients can be asymptomatic carriers or present with mild-to-severe respiratory symptoms. Imaging, including computed tomography is not recommended to screen/diagnose COVID-19 infections, but plays an important role in management of these patients, and to rule out alternative diagnoses or coexistent diseases. In our multicenter case series, we outline the clinical presentations and illustrate the most common imaging manifestations in patients hospitalized with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32360076, "pmcid": "PMC7194733", "title": "Fatherhood during the COVID-19 pandemic: an unexpected turnaround.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Lista, Gianluca", "Bresesti, Ilia"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360076", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333290, "pmcid": "PMC7181399", "title": "The \"piecework anesthetists\" solution to the lack of ventilators during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Samson, Benoit"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333290", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512979, "title": "Could anticoagulation therapy prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection prevent complications and the need for mechanical ventilation?", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Landucci, Francesco", "Volpe, Giovanni", "Benvenuti, Francesco", "Agostino Ninone, Tommaso", "De Luca, Lucilla", "Patrone, Valentina"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512979", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363005, "pmcid": "PMC7194942", "title": "COVID-19 and its implications in the management of resource infrastructure.", "journal": "J Dent Sci", "authors": ["Wu, Movina", "Chang, Yu-Chao"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363005", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379456, "pmcid": "PMC7241738", "title": "Emerging Biomolecular Testing to Assess the Risk of Mortality from COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Mol Pharm", "authors": ["Mahmoudi, Morteza"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379456", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19) has produced an unprecedented global pandemic. Though the death rate from COVID-19 infection is \u223c2%, many infected people recover at home. Among patients for whom COVID-19 is deadly are those with pre-existing comorbidities. Therefore, identification of populations at highest risk of COVID-19 mortality could significantly improve the capacity of healthcare providers to take early action and minimize the possibility of overwhelming care centers, which in turn would save many lives. Although several approaches have been used/developed (or are being developed/suggested) to diagnose COVID-19 infection, no approach is available/proposed for fast diagnosis of COVID-19 infections likely to be fatal. The central aim of this short perspective is to suggest a few possible nanobased technologies (i.e., protein corona sensor array and magnetic levitation) that could discriminate COVID-19-infected people while still in the early stages of infection who are at high risk of death. Such discrimination technologies would not only be useful in protecting health care centers from becoming overwhelmed but would also provide a powerful tool to better control possible future pandemics with a less social and economic burden."}, {"pmid": 32304208, "pmcid": "PMC7188150", "title": "Assessment of Specimen Pooling to Conserve SARS CoV-2 Testing Resources.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Abdalhamid, Baha", "Bilder, Christopher R", "McCutchen, Emily L", "Hinrichs, Steven H", "Koepsell, Scott A", "Iwen, Peter C"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304208", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To establish the optimal parameters for group testing of pooled specimens for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The most efficient pool size was determined to be five specimens using a web-based application. From this analysis, 25 experimental pools were created using 50 \u00b5L from one SARS-CoV-2 positive nasopharyngeal specimen mixed with 4 negative patient specimens (50 \u00b5L each) for a total volume of 250 \u00b5L. Viral RNA was subsequently extracted from each pool and tested using the CDC SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay. Positive pools were consequently split into individual specimens and tested by extraction and PCR. This method was also tested on an unselected group of 60 nasopharyngeal specimens grouped into 12 pools. All 25 pools were positive with cycle threshold (Ct) values within 0 and 5.03 Ct of the original individual specimens. The analysis of 60 specimens determined that 2 pools were positive followed by identification of 2 individual specimens among the 60 tested. This testing was accomplished while using 22 extractions/PCR tests, a savings of 38 reactions. When the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection is 10% or less, group testing will result in the saving of reagents and personnel time with an overall increase in testing capability of at least 69%."}, {"pmid": 32303331, "pmcid": "PMC7156241", "title": "Covid-19, the pandemic war: Implication for neurologists.", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["de Seze, J", "Lebrun-Frenay, C"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303331", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420523, "pmcid": "PMC7204789", "title": "Clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia who were suspected to have coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China.", "journal": "Gen Psychiatr", "authors": ["Liu, Xuebing", "Lin, Hong", "Jiang, Haifeng", "Li, Ruihua", "Zhong, Na", "Su, Hang", "Li, Yi", "Zhao, Min"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420523", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of COVID-19, no data have been available for hospitalised psychiatric patients who are suspected to have COVID-19. We performed a comprehensive investigation of the clinical features of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with or without suspected COVID-19 in Hubei Province, China. To explore the clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with suspected COVID-19 in Hubei Province, China. 21 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with suspected COVID-19 (COVID-19 suspected group) in the isolation ward of a mental health hospital in Wuhan and 30 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia (clean group) in the general ward of another mental health hospital in Yichang were recruited. We retrospectively reviewed their clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and chest CT results before 21 February 2020. We also compared the emotional and mental symptoms between the two groups. Medical records revealed that 21 COVID-19 suspected patients were transferred to the isolation ward between 30 January 2020 and 15 February 2020. The mean age (SD) of COVID-19 suspected patients was 43.1 (2.6). 12 (57.1%) patients showed abnormalities on chest CT before onset of respiratory symptoms. 14 (66.7%) patients had psychiatric medications adjustment after detection of abnormal chest CT findings. By 21 February, one patient was confirmed to have COVID-19. Even though the remaining 20 (95.2%) were negative for at least two reverse transcription PCR tests, 11 (52.4%) patients met the diagnostic criteria for clinically confirmed cases. Compared with patients in the clean group, patients in the suspected COVID-19 group showed significantly higher stress, depression and anxiety levels and poorer sleep quality. Setting up an independent isolation ward for hospitalised psychiatric patients who are suspected to have symptoms of COVID-19 helped control the spread of the epidemic. Patients with schizophrenia suspected to have COVID-19 showed increased stress and mood and sleep disturbances, which should be appropriately managed."}, {"pmid": 32433286, "pmcid": "PMC7268885", "title": "In Situ Simulation Enables Operating Room Agility in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Muret-Wagstaff, Sharon L", "Collins, Jeremy S", "Mashman, Darlene L", "Patel, Snehal G", "Pettorini, Kate", "Rosen, Seth A", "Shaffer, Virginia O", "Sumler, Michele L", "Sweeney, John F", "Sharma, Jyotimay"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433286", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496027, "pmcid": "PMC7271647", "title": "Fast news or fake news?: The advantages and the pitfalls of rapid publication through pre-print servers during a pandemic.", "journal": "EMBO Rep", "authors": ["King, Anthony"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496027", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pre-print servers have helped to rapidly publish important information during the COVID-19 pandemic. The downside is the risk of spreading false information or fake news though."}, {"pmid": 32327757, "title": "Clinical and virologic characteristics of the first 12 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States.", "journal": "Nat Med", "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327757", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data on the detailed clinical progression of COVID-19 in conjunction with epidemiological and virological characteristics are limited. In this case series, we describe the first 12 US patients confirmed to have COVID-19 from 20 January to 5 February 2020, including 4 patients described previously1-3. Respiratory, stool, serum and urine specimens were submitted for SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) testing, viral culture and whole genome sequencing. Median age was 53 years (range: 21-68); 8 patients were male. Common symptoms at illness onset were cough (n\u2009=\u20098) and fever (n\u2009=\u20097). Patients had mild to moderately severe illness; seven were hospitalized and demonstrated clinical or laboratory signs of worsening during the second week of illness. No patients required mechanical ventilation and all recovered. All had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in respiratory specimens, typically for 2-3 weeks after illness onset. Lowest real-time PCR with reverse transcription cycle threshold values in the upper respiratory tract were often detected in the first week and SARS-CoV-2 was cultured from early respiratory specimens. These data provide insight into the natural history of SARS-CoV-2. Although infectiousness is unclear, highest viral RNA levels were identified in the first week of illness. Clinicians should anticipate that some patients may worsen in the second week of illness."}, {"pmid": 32353978, "title": "Structural and Evolutionary Analysis Indicate That the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Is a Challenging Target for Small-Molecule Inhibitor Design.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Bzowka, Maria", "Mitusinska, Karolina", "Raczynska, Agata", "Samol, Aleksandra", "Tuszynski, Jack A", "Gora, Artur"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353978", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus whose outbreak took place in December 2019 continues to spread at a rapid rate worldwide. In the absence of an effective vaccine, inhibitor repurposing or de novo drug design may offer a longer-term strategy to combat this and future infections due to similar viruses. Here, we report on detailed classical and mixed-solvent molecular dynamics simulations of the main protease (Mpro) enriched by evolutionary and stability analysis of the protein. The results were compared with those for a highly similar severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Mpro protein. In spite of a high level of sequence similarity, the active sites in both proteins showed major differences in both shape and size, indicating that repurposing SARS drugs for COVID-19 may be futile. Furthermore, analysis of the binding site's conformational changes during the simulation time indicated its flexibility and plasticity, which dashes hopes for rapid and reliable drug design. Conversely, structural stability of the protein with respect to flexible loop mutations indicated that the virus' mutability will pose a further challenge to the rational design of small-molecule inhibitors. However, few residues contribute significantly to the protein stability and thus can be considered as key anchoring residues for Mpro inhibitor design."}, {"pmid": 32457014, "pmcid": "PMC7205664", "title": "[Acro-ischemic skin lesions during COVID-19 epidemic].", "journal": "Semergen", "authors": ["Monte Serrano, J", "Cruanes Monferrer, J", "Garcia-Gil, M F"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457014", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304772, "pmcid": "PMC7158802", "title": "Risk Factors of Fatal Outcome in Hospitalized Subjects With Coronavirus Disease 2019 From a Nationwide Analysis in China.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Chen, Ruchong", "Liang, Wenhua", "Jiang, Mei", "Guan, Weijie", "Zhan, Chen", "Wang, Tao", "Tang, Chunli", "Sang, Ling", "Liu, Jiaxing", "Ni, Zhengyi", "Hu, Yu", "Liu, Lei", "Shan, Hong", "Lei, Chunliang", "Peng, Yixiang", "Wei, Li", "Liu, Yong", "Hu, Yahua", "Peng, Peng", "Wang, Jianming", "Liu, Jiyang", "Chen, Zhong", "Li, Gang", "Zheng, Zhijian", "Qiu, Shaoqin", "Luo, Jie", "Ye, Changjiang", "Zhu, Shaoyong", "Liu, Xiaoqing", "Cheng, Linling", "Ye, Feng", "Zheng, Jinping", "Zhang, Nuofu", "Li, Yimin", "He, Jianxing", "Li, Shiyue", "Zhong, Nanshan"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304772", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global health emergency. The cumulative number of new confirmed cases and deaths are still increasing out of China. Independent predicted factors associated with fatal outcomes remain uncertain. The goal of the current study was to investigate the potential risk factors associated with fatal outcomes from COVID-19 through a multivariate Cox regression analysis and a nomogram model. A retrospective cohort of 1,590 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 throughout China was established. The prognostic effects of variables, including clinical features and laboratory findings, were analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier methods and a Cox proportional hazards model. A prognostic nomogram was formulated to predict the survival of patients with COVID-19. In this nationwide cohort, nonsurvivors included a higher incidence of elderly people and subjects with coexisting chronic illness, dyspnea, and laboratory abnormalities on admission compared with survivors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age\u00a0\u2265 75 years (hazard ratio [HR], 7.86; 95%\u00a0CI, 2.44-25.35), age between 65 and 74 years (HR, 3.43; 95%\u00a0CI, 1.24-9.5), coronary heart disease (HR, 4.28; 95%\u00a0CI, 1.14-16.13), cerebrovascular disease (HR, 3.1; 95%\u00a0CI, 1.07-8.94), dyspnea (HR, 3.96; 95%\u00a0CI, 1.42-11), procalcitonin level > 0.5\u00a0ng/mL (HR, 8.72; 95%\u00a0CI, 3.42-22.28), and aspartate aminotransferase level > 40 U/L (HR, 2.2; 95%\u00a0CI, 1.1-6.73) were independent risk factors associated with fatal outcome. A nomogram was established based on the results of multivariate analysis. The internal bootstrap resampling approach suggested the nomogram has sufficient discriminatory power with a C-index of 0.91 (95%\u00a0CI, 0.85-0.97). The calibration plots also showed good consistency between the prediction and the observation. The proposed nomogram accurately predicted clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 based on individual characteristics. Earlier identification, more intensive surveillance, and appropriate therapy should be considered in patients at high risk."}, {"pmid": 32359220, "pmcid": "PMC7267549", "title": "Liver injury in COVID-19: Diagnosis and associated factors.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Ye, Zheng", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359220", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302449, "pmcid": "PMC7264558", "title": "Covid-19: countermeasure for N95 mask-induced pressure sore.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Yin, Z Q"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302449", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372336, "pmcid": "PMC7200048", "title": "Pulmonary intravascular coagulation in COVID-19: possible pathogenesis and recommendations on anticoagulant/thrombolytic therapy.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Belen-Apak, F Burcu", "Sarialioglu, F"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372336", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369209, "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yang, Fan", "Shi, Shaobo", "Zhu, Jiling", "Shi, Jinzhi", "Dai, Kai", "Chen, Xiaobei"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369209", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This retrospective study aimed to analysis clinical characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients with novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Medical records, laboratory results and radiologic findings of 52 cancer patients with COVID-19 were collected, clinical characteristics and outcomes were summarized. A total of 52 cancer patients with COVID-19 were included. Median age of 52 cancer patients with COVID-19 was 63 years (34-98). Thirty-three\u00a0(63.5%) patients were mild and 19 (36.5%) were severe/critical. Lung cancer was the most frequent cancer type (10, 19.2%). The common symptoms were as follows: fever (25%), dry cough (17.3%), chest distress (11.5%), and fatigue (9.6%). There were 33 (63.5%) patients had comorbidities, the most common symptom was hypertension (17, 51.5%). Twenty-six\u00a0(78.8%) patients developed pneumonia on admission. Lymphocytes (0.6\u2009\u00d7\u2009109/L) decreased in both mild and severe/critical patients. Median levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and lactate dehydrogenase\u00a0were 2.8\u2009mg/L, 70.5\u2009mg/L, 0.3\u2009ng/mL, and 318\u2009U/L, respectively, which increased significantly in severe/critical patients compared with\u00a0the mild patients. Interleukin-6\u00a0(12.6\u2009\u2009pg/mL) increased in both mild and severe/critical patients, there was a significant difference between them. Complications were observed in 29 (55.8%) patients, such as liver injury (19, 36.5%), acute respiratory distress syndrome\u00a0(9, 17.3%), sepsis (8, 15.4%), myocardial injury (8, 15.4%), renal insufficiency (4, 7.7%), and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome\u00a0(3, 5.8%). Eleven\u00a0(21.2%) patients with cancer died. The infection rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\u00a0in patients with cancer was higher than the general population, cancer patients with COVID-19 showed deteriorating conditions and poor outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32386902, "pmcid": "PMC7190488", "title": "[How to approach follow-up of uveitis patients during the Covid-19 pandemic?]", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Touhami, S", "Saadoun, D", "Kodjikian, L", "Bodaghi, B"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386902", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416991, "pmcid": "PMC7252073", "title": "Spinal anaesthesia and COVID-19 transmission to anaesthetists. Response to Br J Anaesth 2020; 124: 670-5.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Smiley, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416991", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417124, "pmcid": "PMC7198407", "title": "COVID-19, SARS and MERS: A neurological perspective.", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Ng Kee Kwong, Koy Chong", "Mehta, Puja R", "Shukla, Garima", "Mehta, Arpan R"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417124", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Central to COVID-19 pathophysiology is an acute respiratory infection primarily manifesting as pneumonia. Two months into the COVID-19 outbreak, however, a retrospective study in China involving more than 200 participants revealed a neurological component to COVID-19 in a subset of patients. The observed symptoms, the cause of which remains unclear, included impaired consciousness, skeletal muscle injury and acute cerebrovascular disease, and appeared more frequently in severe disease. Since then, findings from several studies have hinted at various possible neurological outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Here, we review the historical association between neurological complications and highly pathological coronaviruses including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. We draw from evidence derived from past coronavirus outbreaks, noting the similarities and differences between SARS and MERS, and the current COVID-19 pandemic. We end by briefly discussing possible mechanisms by which the coronavirus impacts on the human nervous system, as well as neurology-specific considerations that arise from the repercussions of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32419737, "pmcid": "PMC7225701", "title": "[Asthma and COVID-19: a risk population?]", "journal": "Rev Mal Respir", "authors": ["Underner, M", "Peiffer, G", "Perriot, J", "Jaafari, N"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419737", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212779, "title": "Cancer Care Delivery Challenges Amidst Coronavirus Disease - 19 (COVID-19) Outbreak: Specific Precautions for Cancer Patients and Cancer Care Providers to Prevent Spread.", "journal": "Asian Pac J Cancer Prev", "authors": ["Shankar, Abhishek", "Saini, Deepak", "Roy, Shubham", "Mosavi Jarrahi, Alireza", "Chakraborty, Abhijit", "Bharti, Sachidanand Jee", "Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farzad"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212779", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus outbreak has affected thousands of people in at least 186 countries which has affected the cancer care delivery system apart from affecting the overall health system. Cancer patients are more susceptible to coronavirus infection than individuals without cancer as they are in an immunosuppressive state because of the malignancy and anticancer treatment. Oncologists should be more attentive to detect coronavirus infection early, as any type of advanced cancer is at much higher risk for unfavorable outcomes. Oncology communities must ensure that cancer patients should spend more time at home and less time out in the community. Oncologists and other health care professionals involved in cancer care have a critical opportunity to communicate to their patients to pass on right information regarding practice modifications in view of COVID-19 outbreaks. Countries must isolate, test, treat and trace to control the coronavirus pandemic. There is a paucity of information on novel coronavirus infection and its impact on cancer patients and cancer care providers. To date, there is no scientific guideline regarding management of cancer patients in a background of coronavirus outbreak.<br />."}, {"pmid": 32277423, "pmcid": "PMC7146073", "title": "First considerations on the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the Dialysis Units of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Northern Italy.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Manganaro, Marco", "Baldovino, Simone"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277423", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428139, "title": "Hematological changes in Covid-19 infections.", "journal": "Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)", "authors": ["Duarte, Fernando Barroso", "Lemes, Romelia Pinheiro Goncalves", "Duarte, Isabella Araujo", "Duarte, Beatrice Araujo", "Duarte, Joao Vitor Araujo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428139", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416535, "pmcid": "PMC7214292", "title": "Spillover of SARS-CoV-2 into novel wild hosts in North America: A conceptual model for perpetuation of the pathogen.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Franklin, Alan B", "Bevins, Sarah N"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416535", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is evidence that the current outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, is of animal origin. As with a number of zoonotic pathogens, there is a risk of spillover into novel hosts. Here, we propose a hypothesized conceptual model that illustrates the mechanism whereby the SARS-CoV-2 could spillover from infected humans to naive wildlife hosts in North America. This proposed model is premised on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from human feces through municipal waste water treatment plants into the natural aquatic environment where potential wildlife hosts become infected. We use the existing literature on human coronaviruses, including SARS CoV, to support the potential pathways and mechanisms in the conceptual model. Although we focus on North America, our conceptual model could apply to other parts of the globe as well."}, {"pmid": 32483934, "title": "Overview: The history and pediatric perspectives of severe acute respiratory syndromes: Novel or just like SARS.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Hon, Kam Lun", "Leung, Karen Ka Yan", "Leung, Alexander K C", "Sridhar, Siddharth", "Qian, Suyun", "Lee, So Lun", "Colin, Andrew A"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483934", "countries": ["China", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many respiratory viral infections such as influenza and measles result in severe acute respiratory symptoms and epidemics. In the spring of 2003, an epidemic of coronavirus pneumonia spread from Guangzhou to Hong Kong and subsequently to the rest of the world. The WHO coined the acronym SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and subsequently the causative virus as SARS-CoV. In the summer of 2012, epidemic of pneumonia occurred again in Saudi Arabia which was subsequently found to be caused by another novel coronavirus. WHO coined the term MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) to denote the Middle East origin of the novel virus (MERS-CoV). In the winter of 2019, another outbreak of pneumonia occurred in Wuhan, China which rapidly spread globally. Yet another novel coronavirus was identified as the culprit and has been named SARS-CoV-2 due to its similarities with SARS-CoV, and the disease as coronavirus disease-2019. This overview aims to compare and contrast the similarities and differences of these three major episodes of coronavirus outbreak, and conclude that they are essentially the same viral respiratory syndromes caused by similar strains of coronavirus with different names. Coronaviruses have caused major epidemics and outbreaks worldwide in the last two decades.\u00a0From an epidemiological perspective, they are remarkably similar in the mode of spread by droplets. Special focus is placed on the pediatric aspects, which carry less morbidity and mortality in all three entities."}, {"pmid": 32213152, "title": "Are there any Therapeutic Options Currently Available for Wuhan Coronavirus?", "journal": "Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem", "authors": ["Carradori, Simone"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213152", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499313, "title": "Covid-19: Sweden should have done more, says architect of country's strategy.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499313", "countries": ["Sweden"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402628, "pmcid": "PMC7190489", "title": "Obstetric network reorganization during the COVID-19 pandemic: Suggestions from an Italian regional model.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Giannubilo, Stefano Raffaele", "Giannella, Luca", "Delli Carpini, Giovanni", "Carnielli, Virgilio P", "Ciavattini, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402628", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232568, "pmcid": "PMC7104709", "title": "Ocular manifestation, eye protection, and COVID-19.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232568", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447102, "pmcid": "PMC7241396", "title": "Negative impact of hyperglycaemia on tocilizumab therapy in Covid-19 patients.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab", "authors": ["Marfella, R", "Paolisso, P", "Sardu, C", "Bergamaschi, L", "D'Angelo, E C", "Barbieri, M", "Rizzo, M R", "Messina, V", "Maggi, P", "Coppola, N", "Pizzi, C", "Biffi, M", "Viale, P", "Galie, N", "Paolisso, G"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447102", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tocilizumab (TCZ) is used for treating moderate-to-severe Covid-19 pneumonia by targeting interleukin-6 receptors (IL-6Rs) and reducing cytokine release. Yet, in spite of this therapy, patients with vs. patients without diabetes have an adverse disease course. In fact, glucose homoeostasis has influenced the outcomes of diabetes patients with infectious diseases. Of the 475 Covid-19-positive patients admitted to infectious disease departments (University of Bologna, University Vanvitelli of Napoli, San Sebastiano Caserta Hospital) in Italy since 1 March 2020, 31 (39.7%) hyperglycaemic and 47 (60.3%) normoglycaemic patients (blood glucose levels \u2265140mg/dL) were retrospectively evaluated at admission and during their hospital stay. Of note, 20 (64%) hyperglycaemic and 11 (23.4%) normoglycaemic patients had diabetes (P<0.01). At admission, hyperglycaemic vs. normoglycaemic patients had fivefold higher IL-6 levels, which persisted even after TCZ administration (P<0.05). Intriguingly, in a risk-adjusted Cox regression analysis, TCZ in hyperglycaemic patients failed to attenuate risk of severe outcomes as it did in normoglycaemic patients (P<0.009). Also, in hyperglycaemic patients, higher IL-6 plasma levels reduced the effects of TCZ, while adding IL-6 levels to the Cox regression model led to loss of significance (P<0.07) of its effects. Moreover, there was evidence that optimal Covid-19 infection management with TCZ is not achieved during hyperglycaemia in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. These data may be of interest to currently ongoing clinical trials of TCZ effects in Covid-19 patients and of optimal control of glycaemia in this patient subset."}, {"pmid": 32368738, "pmcid": "PMC7193144", "title": "Excitement around hydroxychloroquine for treating COVID-19 causes challenges for rheumatology.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Owens, Brian"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368738", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385893, "pmcid": "PMC7273009", "title": "COVID infection and sentinel lymph node procedure for melanoma: Management in a dermato-oncology center in a high-risk pandemic area.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Caliendo, Virginia", "Picciotto, Franco", "Quaglino, Pietro", "Ribero, Simone"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385893", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32100485, "pmcid": "PMC7082662", "title": "Chest Radiographic and CT Findings of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Analysis of Nine Patients Treated in Korea.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Yoon, Soon Ho", "Lee, Kyung Hee", "Kim, Jin Yong", "Lee, Young Kyung", "Ko, Hongseok", "Kim, Ki Hwan", "Park, Chang Min", "Kim, Yun Hyeon"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100485", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study presents a preliminary report on the chest radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia in Korea. As part of a multi-institutional collaboration coordinated by the Korean Society of Thoracic Radiology, we collected nine patients with COVID-19 infections who had undergone chest radiography and CT scans. We analyzed the radiographic and CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia at baseline. Fisher's exact test was used to compare CT findings depending on the shape of pulmonary lesions. Three of the nine patients (33.3%) had parenchymal abnormalities detected by chest radiography, and most of the abnormalities were peripheral consolidations. Chest CT images showed bilateral involvement in eight of the nine patients, and a unilobar reversed halo sign in the other patient. In total, 77 pulmonary lesions were found, including patchy lesions (39%), large confluent lesions (13%), and small nodular lesions (48%). The peripheral and posterior lung fields were involved in 78% and 67% of the lesions, respectively. The lesions were typically ill-defined and were composed of mixed ground-glass opacities and consolidation or pure ground-glass opacities. Patchy to confluent lesions were primarily distributed in the lower lobes (p = 0.040) and along the pleura (p < 0.001), whereas nodular lesions were primarily distributed along the bronchovascular bundles (p = 0.006). COVID-19 pneumonia in Korea primarily manifested as pure to mixed ground-glass opacities with a patchy to confluent or nodular shape in the bilateral peripheral posterior lungs. A considerable proportion of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had normal chest radiographs."}, {"pmid": 32414995, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges for the Neurosurgeons and Neurologists.", "journal": "Neurol India", "authors": ["Khilnani, G C"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414995", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311287, "title": "Emergency Palliative Care Planning and Support in a COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Chidiac, Claude", "Feuer, David", "Naismith, Jane", "Flatley, Mary", "Preston, Nancy"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311287", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517583, "title": "Charting a New Course for Stroke 2020.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Sacco, Ralph L"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517583", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240303, "pmcid": "PMC7184500", "title": "Electronic personal protective equipment: A strategy to protect emergency department providers in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Turer, Robert W", "Jones, Ian", "Rosenbloom, S Trent", "Slovis, Corey", "Ward, Michael J"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergent policy changes related to telemedicine and the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have created opportunities for technology-based clinical evaluation, which serves to conserve personal protective equipment (PPE) and protect emergency providers. We define electronic PPE as an approach using telemedicine tools to perform electronic medical screening exams while satisfying the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act. We discuss the safety, legal, and technical factors necessary for implementing such a pathway. This approach has the potential to conserve PPE and protect providers while maintaining safe standards for medical screening exams in the emergency department for low-risk patients in whom COVID-19 is suspected."}, {"pmid": 32404492, "title": "Point-of-care ultrasound in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Bhoi, Sanjeev", "Sahu, Ankit Kumar", "Mathew, Roshan", "Sinha, Tej Prakash"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404492", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447496, "pmcid": "PMC7245504", "title": "The role of self-reported smell and taste disorders in suspected COVID19.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Printza, Athanasia", "Constantinidis, Jannis"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447496", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The sudden onset of smell and taste loss has been reported as a symptom related to COVID-19. There is urgent need to provide insight to the pandemic and evaluate anosmia as a potential screening symptom that might contribute to the decision to test suspected cases or guide quarantine instructions. Systematic review of the PubMed/Medline, Cochrane databases and preprints up to May 3, 2020. Combined search terms included: \"COVID-19\", \"SARS-CoV-2\", \"coronavirus\", \"nose\", \"anosmia\", \"hyposmia\", \"olfactory loss\", \"smell loss\", \"taste loss\", and \"hypogeusia\". Our search identified 18 reviewed articles and 6 manuscript preprints, including a large epidemiological study, four observational case series, five case-controlled studies, five cross-sectional studies, five case series of anosmic patients and four electronic surveys. Great methodological differences were noted. A significant prevalence of anosmia is reported in COVID-19 patients. Controlled studies indicate that anosmia is more common in COVID-19 patients than in patients suffering from other viral infections or controls. Most of the studies reported either smell loss or smell plus taste loss. Less severe COVID-19 disease is related to a greater prevalence of anosmia. A quick recovery of the smell loss may be expected in most COVID-19 cases. Anosmia is more prevalent in COVID-19 patients than in patients suffering from other respiratory infections or controls."}, {"pmid": 32251408, "title": "A Word from OLAW: COVID-19 guidance.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Brown, Patricia"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251408", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383371, "pmcid": "PMC7211516", "title": "Perspectives of Immune Therapy in Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Gasparyan, Armen Yuri", "Misra, Durga Prasanna", "Yessirkepov, Marlen", "Zimba, Olena"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383371", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is largely based on strategies to boost immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and prevent its severe course and complications. The human defence may include antibodies which interact with SARS-CoV-2 and neutralize its aggressive actions on multiple organ systems. Protective cross-reactivity of antibodies against measles and other known viral infections has been postulated, primarily as a result of the initial observations of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 in children. Uncontrolled case series have demonstrated virus-neutralizing effect of convalescent plasma, supporting its efficiency at early stages of contracting SARS-CoV-2. Given the variability of the virus structure, the utility of convalescent plasma is limited to the geographic area of its preparation, and for a short period of time. Intravenous immunoglobulin may also be protective in view of its nonspecific antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Finally, human monoclonal antibodies may interact with some SARS-CoV-2 proteins, inhibiting the virus-receptor interaction and prevent tissue injury. The improved understanding of the host antiviral responses may help develop safe and effective immunotherapeutic strategies against COVID-19 in the foreseeable future."}, {"pmid": 32234709, "pmcid": "PMC7159058", "title": "Predicting COVID-19 Incidence Through Analysis of Google Trends Data in Iran: Data Mining and Deep Learning Pilot Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Ayyoubzadeh, Seyed Mohammad", "Ayyoubzadeh, Seyed Mehdi", "Zahedi, Hoda", "Ahmadi, Mahnaz", "R Niakan Kalhori, Sharareh"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234709", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is affecting many countries worldwide. Iran is one of the top 10 most affected countries. Search engines provide useful data from populations, and these data might be useful to analyze epidemics. Utilizing data mining methods on electronic resources' data might provide a better insight into the COVID-19 outbreak to manage the health crisis in each country and worldwide. This study aimed to predict the incidence of COVID-19 in Iran. Data were obtained from the Google Trends website. Linear regression and long short-term memory (LSTM) models were used to estimate the number of positive COVID-19 cases. All models were evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation, and root mean square error (RMSE) was used as the performance metric. The linear regression model predicted the incidence with an RMSE of 7.562 (SD 6.492). The most effective factors besides previous day incidence included the search frequency of handwashing, hand sanitizer, and antiseptic topics. The RMSE of the LSTM model was 27.187 (SD 20.705). Data mining algorithms can be employed to predict trends of outbreaks. This prediction might support policymakers and health care managers to plan and allocate health care resources accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32338790, "pmcid": "PMC7267335", "title": "Major head and neck reconstruction during the COVID-19 pandemic: The University of Pittsburgh approach.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Ranasinghe, Viran", "Mady, Leila J", "Kim, Seungwon", "Ferris, Robert L", "Duvvuri, Umamaheswar", "Johnson, Jonas T", "Solari, Mario G", "Sridharan, Shaum", "Kubik, Mark"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338790", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created significant challenges to the delivery of care for patients with advanced head and neck cancer requiring multimodality therapy. Performing major head and neck ablative surgery and reconstruction is a particular concern given the extended duration and aerosolizing nature of these cases. In this manuscript, we describe our surgical approach to provide timely reconstructive care and minimize infectious risk to the providers, patients, and families."}, {"pmid": 32412665, "pmcid": "PMC7261980", "title": "To resume noninvasive imaging detection safely after peak period of COVID-19: Experiences from Wuhan China.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["An, Xiangjie", "Song, Zexing", "Gao, Yaoying", "Tao, Juan", "Yang, Jing"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412665", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401679, "title": "Letter by Cerase et al Regarding Article, \"Temporary Emergency Guidance to US Stroke Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic\".", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Cerase, Alfonso", "Guazzi, Gianni", "Mazzei, Maria Antonietta"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401679", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479811, "pmcid": "PMC7246053", "title": "Considerations for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons in COVID-19 Era: Can We Sustain the Solutions to Keep Our Patients and Healthcare Personnel Safe?", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Chigurupati, Radhika", "Panchal, Neeraj", "Henry, Andrew M", "Batal, Hussam", "Sethi, Amit", "D'innocenzo, Richard", "Mehra, Pushkar", "Krishnan, Deepak G", "Roser, Steven M"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479811", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several uncertainties exist regarding how we will conduct our clinical, didactic, business, and social activities as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic abates and social distancing guidelines are relaxed. We anticipate changes in how we interact with our patients and other providers, how patient workflow is designed, the methods used to conduct our teaching sessions, and how we perform procedures in different clinical settings. The objective of the present report is to review some of the changes to consider in the clinical and academic oral and maxillofacial surgery workflow and, allow for a smoother transition, with less risk to our patients and healthcare personnel. New infection control policies should be strictly enforced and monitored in all clinical and nonclinical settings, with an overall goal to decrease the risk of exposure and transmission. Screening for COVID-19 symptoms, testing when indicated, and establishing the epidemiologic linkage will be crucial to containing and preventing new COVID-19 cases until a vaccine or an alternate solution is available. Additionally, the shortage of essential supplies such as drugs and personal protective equipment, the design and ventilation of workspaces and waiting areas, the\u00a0increase in overhead costs, and the possible absence of staff, if quarantine is necessary, must be considered. This shift in our workflow and patient care paths will likely continue in the short-term at least through 2021 or the next 12 to 24\u00a0months. Thus, we must prioritize surgery, balancing patient preferences and healthcare personnel risks. We have an opportunity now to make changes and embrace telemedicine and other collaborative virtual platforms for teaching and clinical care. It is crucial that we maintain COVID-19 awareness, proper surveillance in our microenvironments, good clinical judgment, and ethical values to continue to deliver high-quality, economical, and accessible patient care."}, {"pmid": 32367746, "title": "ACE2, COVID-19, and ACE Inhibitor and ARB Use during the Pandemic: The Pediatric Perspective.", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["South, Andrew M", "Brady, Tammy M", "Flynn, Joseph T"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367746", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Potential but unconfirmed risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults and children may include hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease, as well as the medications commonly prescribed for these conditions, ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors, and Ang II (angiotensin II) receptor blockers. Coronavirus binding to ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), a crucial component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, underlies much of this concern. Children are uniquely impacted by the coronavirus, but the reasons are unclear. This review will highlight the relationship of COVID-19 with hypertension, use of ACE inhibitors and Ang II receptor blockers, and lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease from the pediatric perspective. We briefly summarize the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and comprehensively review the literature pertaining to the ACE 2/Ang-(1-7) pathway in children and the clinical evidence for how ACE inhibitors and Ang II receptor blockers affect this important pathway. Given the importance of the ACE 2/Ang-(1-7) pathway and the potential differences between adults and children, it is crucial that children are included in coronavirus-related research, as this may shed light on potential mechanisms for why children are at decreased risk of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32132669, "pmcid": "PMC7091851", "title": "Novel antibody epitopes dominate the antigenicity of spike glycoprotein in SARS-CoV-2 compared to SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Zheng, Ming", "Song, Lun"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132669", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32180157, "pmcid": "PMC7088073", "title": "Brain Awareness Week, CoVID-19 infection and Neurological Sciences.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Federico, Antonio"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32180157", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298246, "title": "Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at Two Family Gatherings - Chicago, Illinois, February-March 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Ghinai, Isaac", "Woods, Susan", "Ritger, Kathleen A", "McPherson, Tristan D", "Black, Stephanie R", "Sparrow, Laura", "Fricchione, Marielle J", "Kerins, Janna L", "Pacilli, Massimo", "Ruestow, Peter S", "Arwady, M Allison", "Beavers, Suzanne F", "Payne, Daniel C", "Kirking, Hannah L", "Layden, Jennifer E"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298246", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread rapidly around the world since it was first recognized in late 2019. Most early reports of person-to-person SARS-CoV-2 transmission have been among household contacts, where the secondary attack rate has been estimated to exceed 10% (1), in health care facilities (2), and in congregate settings (3). However, widespread community transmission, as is currently being observed in the United States, requires more expansive transmission events between nonhousehold contacts. In February and March 2020, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) investigated a large, multifamily cluster of COVID-19. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 and their close contacts were interviewed to better understand nonhousehold, community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This report describes the cluster of 16 cases of confirmed or probable COVID-19, including three deaths, likely resulting from transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at two family gatherings (a funeral and a birthday party). These data support current CDC social distancing recommendations intended to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. U.S residents should follow stay-at-home orders when required by state or local authorities."}, {"pmid": 32314805, "pmcid": "PMC7264580", "title": "CT imaging features of 4121 patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhu, Jieyun", "Zhong, Zhimei", "Li, Hongyuan", "Ji, Pan", "Pang, Jielong", "Li, Bocheng", "Zhang, Jianfeng"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314805", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We systematically reviewed the computed tomography (CT) imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to provide reference for clinical practice. Our article comprehensively searched PubMed, FMRS, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang databases, and VIP databases to collect literatures about the CT imaging features of COVID-19 from 1 January\u00a0to 16 March 2020. Three reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, and then, this meta-analysis was performed by using Stata12.0 software. A total of 34 retrospective studies involving a total of 4121 patients with COVID-19 were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that most patients presented bilateral lung involvement (73.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 65.9%-81.1%) or multilobar involvement (67.3%, 95% CI: 54.8%-78.7%) and just little patients showed normal CT findings (8.4%). We found that the most common changes in lesion density were ground-glass opacities (68.1%, 95% CI: 56.9%-78.2%). Other changes in density included air bronchogram sign (44.7%), crazy-paving pattern (35.6%), and consolidation (32.0%). Patchy (40.3%), spider web sign (39.5%), cord-like (36.8%), and nodular (20.5%) were common lesion shapes in patients with COVID-19. Pleural thickening (27.1%) was found in some patients. Lymphadenopathy (5.4%) and pleural effusion (5.3%) were rare. The lung lesions of patients with COVID-19 were mostly bilateral lungs or multilobar involved. The most common chest CT findings were patchy and ground-glass opacities. Some patients had air bronchogram, spider web sign, and cord-like. Lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion were rare."}, {"pmid": 32509886, "pmcid": "PMC7271929", "title": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 and perinatal outcomes.", "journal": "J Educ Health Promot", "authors": ["Irani, Morvarid", "Pakfetrat, Ali", "Mask, Mahin Kiyani"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509886", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the prevalence of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the lack of information on coronavirus and pregnancy, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of COVID-19 and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women. In the present review article, the search process was conducted on English and Persian scientific databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, Irandoc, Iranmedx, and SID as well as the websites of international organizations of World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention using the main keywords of \"Pregnancy,\" \"Perinatal outcomes,\" \"Coronavirus,\" \"COVID-19,\" \"MERS-CoV,\" \"MERS,\" \"SARS-CoV-2,\" and \"SARS-CoV-1\" and their Persian-equivalent keywords from inception until March 16 2020. The findings of studies on mothers with COVID-19 were limited, and insufficient information is available on the adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19. In cases of infection with other coronaviruses such as Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome during pregnancy, there have been reports on adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm labor, low birth weight, and congenital malformations following high fever in the first trimester. Pregnant women may be more susceptible to viral respiratory infections, including COVID-19, due to immunological and physiological changes. Therefore, pregnant women should take routine preventive measures, such as washing their hands frequently and avoiding contact with infected people, to prevent infection."}, {"pmid": 32436143, "pmcid": "PMC7239504", "title": "Controversies in CO2 Insufflation and COVID-19.", "journal": "Tech Coloproctol", "authors": ["Soliman, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436143", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512579, "title": "Estimating the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in Europe.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Flaxman, Seth", "Mishra, Swapnil", "Gandy, Axel", "Unwin, H Juliette T", "Mellan, Thomas A", "Coupland, Helen", "Whittaker, Charles", "Zhu, Harrison", "Berah, Tresnia", "Eaton, Jeffrey W", "Monod, Melodie", "Ghani, Azra C", "Donnelly, Christl A", "Riley, Steven M", "Vollmer, Michaela A C", "Ferguson, Neil M", "Okell, Lucy C", "Bhatt, Samir"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512579", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the emergence of a novel coronavirus1 (SARS-CoV-2) and its spread outside of China, Europe has experienced large epidemics. In response, many European countries have implemented unprecedented non-pharmaceutical interventions such as closure of schools and national lockdowns. We study the impact of major interventions across 11 European countries for the period from the start of COVID-19 until the 4th of May 2020 when lockdowns started to be lifted. Our model calculates backwards from observed deaths to estimate transmission that occurred several weeks prior, allowing for the time lag between infection and death. We use partial pooling of information between countries with both individual and shared effects on the reproduction number. Pooling allows more information to be used, helps overcome data idiosyncrasies, and enables more timely estimates. Our model relies on fixed estimates of some epidemiological parameters such as the infection fatality rate, does not include importation or subnational variation and assumes that changes in the reproduction number are an immediate response to interventions rather than gradual changes in behavior. Amidst the ongoing pandemic, we rely on death data that is incomplete, with systematic biases in reporting, and subject to future consolidation. We estimate that, for all the countries we consider, current interventions have been sufficient to drive the reproduction number [Formula: see text] below 1 (probability [Formula: see text]< 1.0 is 99.9%) and achieve epidemic control. We estimate that, across all 11 countries, between 12 and 15 million individuals have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 up to 4th May, representing between 3.2% and 4.0% of the population. Our results show that major non-pharmaceutical interventions and lockdown in particular have had a large effect on reducing transmission. Continued intervention should be considered to keep transmission of SARS-CoV-2 under control."}, {"pmid": 32220863, "title": "Covid-19: medical students and FY1 doctors to be given early registration to help combat covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Harvey, Anna"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220863", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458195, "pmcid": "PMC7249969", "title": "Miller-Fisher-like syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID 19).", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Fernandez-Dominguez, Jessica", "Ameijide-Sanluis, Elena", "Garcia-Cabo, Carmen", "Garcia-Rodriguez, Raquel", "Mateos, Valentin"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458195", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387482, "pmcid": "PMC7204687", "title": "Living with COVID-19: A Perspective from New York Area Ophthalmology Residency Program Directors at the Epicenter of the Pandemic.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Chen, Royce W S", "Abazari, Azin", "Dhar, Sonya", "Fredrick, Douglas R", "Friedman, Ilana B", "Dagi Glass, Lora R", "Khouri, Albert S", "Kim, Eleanore T", "Laudi, John", "Park, Sunju", "Reddy, Harsha S", "Rosenberg, Jamie B", "Sandler, Shlomit F", "Shrivastava, Anurag", "Sun, Grace", "Winokur, Jules"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387482", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32182131, "pmcid": "PMC7147280", "title": "Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak on ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Care in Hong Kong, China.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Tam, Chor-Cheung Frankie", "Cheung, Kent-Shek", "Lam, Simon", "Wong, Anthony", "Yung, Arthur", "Sze, Michael", "Lam, Yui-Ming", "Chan, Carmen", "Tsang, Tat-Chi", "Tsui, Matthew", "Tse, Hung-Fat", "Siu, Chung-Wah"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32182131", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487103, "pmcid": "PMC7266130", "title": "The crucible of COVID-19: what the pandemic is teaching us about health research systems.", "journal": "Health Res Policy Syst", "authors": ["Turner, Tari", "El-Jardali, Fadi"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487103", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global health crisis created by COVID-19 is providing valuable insights into the strengths of our health research system and, perhaps even more clearly, displaying its weaknesses. Much of what is being shown so plainly in the current context is not truly new. We are being reminded that health research systems are slow and noisy as well as that there is a desire for research to inform decision-making, that researchers are great collaborators, and that the walls we are so quick to erect between health research and health practice are unhelpful facades. It is our hope that the clarity with which these issues are being demonstrated by COVID-19 might provide the impetus to address these challenges and seize these opportunities to improve our health research system, for the benefit for communities facing COVID-19 now, and for the benefit of us all in facing the further health challenges that are sure to come."}, {"pmid": 32515168, "title": "Clonal haematopoiesis and COVID-19: A possible deadly liaison.", "journal": "Int J Immunogenet", "authors": ["Shivarov, Velizar", "Ivanova, Milena"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515168", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We provide evidence for a linear correlation between the frequency of clonal haematopoiesis and COVID-19 mortality rate. We discuss the mechanistic explanations for this association mediated by a pathological inflammatory response. Our hypothesis can be tested in COVID-19-infected patients and eventually lead to new approaches to risk stratification and therapy."}, {"pmid": 32498535, "title": "Application of the PDCA cycle for standardized nursing management in a COVID-19 intensive care unit.", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "authors": ["Chen, Yihong", "Zheng, Jili", "Wu, Dingyun", "Zhang, Yuxia", "Lin, Ying"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nursing quality is an integral part of health care quality and one of key performance indicators (KPIs) for health care management. The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle is a management tool for continuous improvement of a business's products or processes. It can be applied to standardize nursing management and thus improve the nursing quality and increase the survival rate of patients. This study assessed the value of the PDCA cycle in standardizing nursing management in an intensive care unit (ICU) for patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The status quo of the ICU was analyzed, and the relevant issues and countermeasures were proposed. The PDCA cycle was applied to standardize the nursing management in the ICU. Nine measures were proposed and applied to improve the management of the COVID-19 ICU: defining the clean or contaminated areas, use of self-designed shoe storage cabinets, defining staff roles and responsibilities, establishing the staffing structure, staff training, placing items at fixed locations, improving shift handover, use of bulletin boards for listing key points, and use of reserved drugs cabinets. The virus contamination awareness, professional skills, awareness of duties and responsibilities, and quality and performance of nursing were remarkably improved 2 weeks after the implementation of the above countermeasures. The PDCA cycle helps to standardize nursing management in COVID-19 ICU by developing and applying effective nursing management approaches."}, {"pmid": 32462660, "title": "Evaluation of endodontic competency in the COVID-19 era: Problem, solution and results.", "journal": "J Dent Educ", "authors": ["Alon, Elinor", "Amato, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222158, "pmcid": "PMC7194529", "title": "A citizen's thoughts about COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chow, Ronald"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222158", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514377, "pmcid": "PMC7268184", "title": "Proposed algorithm during COVID-19 pandemic for patient management in medical retina clinic.", "journal": "Int J Retina Vitreous", "authors": ["Corazza, Paolo", "D'Alterio, Francesco Maria", "Younis, Saad"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514377", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434403, "title": "Pregnancy affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection: a flash report from Michigan.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Qadri, Farnoosh", "Mariona, Federico"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434403", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently affected by the invasion of a human to human highly transmissible novel corona virus classified as SARS-CoV-2. It causes a severe acute lower respiratory tract syndrome named corona virus disease (CoVid-19). The virus is detected primarily by RT-PCR. The reproduction number (Ro) has been reported between 2.28 and 5.27]. It is beyond our objective to provide an in-depth discussion of the virus characteristics and its distinct viral clades and pathogenic behavior. On 30 January 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared this outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, (PHEIC) and on 11 March 2020 WHO declared it a pandemic. There is limited information on the effect of CoVid-19 in pregnancy and the new born. We describe the details of the hospital course of the first 16 cases involving pregnant women, admitted to an urban-suburban community general hospital in Wayne County Michigan, from 26 March to 10 April 2020. At the time of this writing the Covid-19 pandemic has affected 35,291 persons in the state of Michigan (0.37%) making it the third most affected state in the USA (MDHHS). Pregnant women are believed to be at higher risk of Covid-19 infection in association with the known physiologic changes of the immune, cardiorespiratory and metabolic systems during pregnancy."}, {"pmid": 32285556, "title": "Care for diabetes with COVID-19: Advice from China.", "journal": "J Diabetes", "authors": ["Wang, Weiqing", "Lu, Jieli", "Gu, Weiqiong", "Zhang, Yifei", "Liu, Jianmin", "Ning, Guang"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285556", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358325, "title": "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7).", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358325", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387180, "pmcid": "PMC7191288", "title": "Covid-19: An Urgent Need For A Psychoneuroendocrine Perspective.", "journal": "Psychoneuroendocrinology", "authors": ["Dantzer, Robert", "Heuser, Isabelle", "Lupien, Sonia"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387180", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272120, "pmcid": "PMC7194672", "title": "Critical patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Risk factors and outcome nomogram.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Li, Lingzhi", "Zhang, Binghong", "He, Bing", "Gong, Zuojiong", "Chen, Xiaobei"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272120", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367484, "pmcid": "PMC7197631", "title": "Call for Proposals: Special Issue of Archives of Sexual Behavior on the Impact of COVID-19 on Sexual Health and Behavior.", "journal": "Arch Sex Behav", "authors": ["Scott-Sheldon, Lori A J", "Mark, Kristen P", "Balzarini, Rhonda N", "Welling, Lisa L M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367484", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343413, "pmcid": "PMC7267578", "title": "Lipemic serum in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) undergoing treatment.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Rubel, Abdur Rahman", "Chong, Pui Lin", "Abdullah, Muhammad Syafiq", "Asli, Rosmonaliza", "Momin, Riamiza Natalie", "Mani, Babu Ivan", "Chong, Vui Heng"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343413", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368202, "pmcid": "PMC7196431", "title": "Providing Steroid/Corticosteroid Injections Safely in the Covid-19 Environment.", "journal": "J Radiol Nurs", "authors": ["Hackett, Beth Ann"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368202", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461231, "title": "COVID-19: in the footsteps of Ernest Shackleton.", "journal": "Thorax", "authors": ["Ing, Alvin J", "Cocks, Christine", "Green, Jeffery Peter"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461231", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe what we believe is the first instance of complete COVID-19 testing of all passengers and crew on an isolated cruise ship during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 217 passengers and crew on board, 128 tested positive for COVID-19 on reverse transcription-PCR (59%). Of the COVID-19-positive patients, 19% (24) were symptomatic; 6.2% (8) required medical evacuation; 3.1% (4) were intubated and ventilated; and the mortality was 0.8% (1). The majority of COVID-19-positive patients were asymptomatic (81%, 104 patients). We conclude that the prevalence of COVID-19 on affected cruise ships is likely to be significantly underestimated, and strategies are needed to assess and monitor all passengers to prevent community transmission after disembarkation."}, {"pmid": 32125140, "pmcid": "PMC7098069", "title": "Broad Spectrum Antiviral Agent Niclosamide and Its Therapeutic Potential.", "journal": "ACS Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xu, Jimin", "Shi, Pei-Yong", "Li, Hongmin", "Zhou, Jia"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125140", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlights an urgent need for therapeutics. Through a series of drug repurposing screening campaigns, niclosamide, an FDA-approved anthelminthic drug, was found to be effective against various viral infections with nanomolar to micromolar potency such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, ZIKV, HCV, and human adenovirus, indicating its potential as an antiviral agent. In this brief review, we summarize the broad antiviral activity of niclosamide and highlight its potential clinical use in the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32425259, "pmcid": "PMC7228889", "title": "Clinical characteristics of IgG4-RD patients infected with COVID-19 in Hubei, China.", "journal": "Semin Arthritis Rheum", "authors": ["Chen, Yu", "Dong, Yuanji", "Cai, Shaozhe", "Ye, Cong", "Dong, Lingli"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425259", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated multi-organ, chronic and progressive disease. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the susceptibility of COVID-19 in IgG4-RD patients in Hubei province, and to characterize the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 in IgG4-RD patients. A follow-up system that includes over 200 IgG4-RD patients across the country during the past ten years. A total of ninety-one patients with IgG4-RD who live in Hubei, China were identified and responded to our survey. Medical history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, CT imaging, and treatment were obtained through a standardized data collection form, and then independently reviewed by two investigators. 2 of 91 cases were infected with COVID-19. Both of them were classified as moderate type. The symptoms such as fever and cough and radiologic features were similar to other COVID-19 patients. Neither of them episode recurrent of IgG4-RD nor progressed to severe or critical condition of COVID-19 under the condition of continuous oral low-dose of glucocorticoids. Besides, patient 2 took a long time for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid to turn negative. IgG4-RD patients may belongs to the susceptible population of COVID-19 infection, and thus need more careful personal protection. Early identification and properly treatment are very important to prevent IgG4-RD patients with COVID-19 from progression to severe condition."}, {"pmid": 32490714, "title": "Coronavirus and children.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Zeitlin, Harry"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490714", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434860, "title": "COVID-19: science must not be the boy who cried wolf.", "journal": "J Epidemiol Community Health", "authors": ["Lewis, Philip", "Erren, Thomas C"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434860", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273610, "title": "If the world fails to protect the economy, COVID-19 will damage health not just now but also in the future.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["McKee, Martin", "Stuckler, David"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273610", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387792, "pmcid": "PMC7191293", "title": "Psychological crisis intervention response to the COVID 19 pandemic: A Tunisian centralised Protocol.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Zgueb, Yosra", "Bourgou, Soumaya", "Neffeti, Aida", "Amamou, Badii", "Masmoudi, Jawaher", "Chebbi, Henda", "Somrani, Naoufel", "Bouasker, Anissa"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387792", "countries": ["Tunisia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In order to manage the urgent psychological need for support in response to the anticipated reaction of the population to the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed a new psychological crisis intervention model by implementing a centralised psychological support system for all of Tunisia. We set up a helpline which is accessible throughout the country, including those without access to Internet. This model integrates medical students, child and adolescent psychiatrists, psychiatrists, psychologists and social services to provide psychological intervention to the general population and medical staff. It will make a sound basis for developing a more effective psychological crisis intervention response system."}, {"pmid": 32217649, "pmcid": "PMC7098483", "title": "Clinical and CT features of early stage patients with COVID-19: a retrospective analysis of imported cases in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Yang, Shuyi", "Shi, Yuxin", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Xu, Jianqing", "Li, Feng", "Qian, Zhiping", "Jiang, Yebin", "Hua, Xinyan", "Ding, Xueting", "Song, Fengxiang", "Shen, Jie", "Lu, Yang", "Shan, Fei", "Zhang, Zhiyong"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217649", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493669, "pmcid": "PMC7242968", "title": "Dynamic variations of the COVID-19 disease at different quarantine strategies in Wuhan and mainland China.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Cui, Qianqian", "Hu, Zengyun", "Li, Yingke", "Han, Junmei", "Teng, Zhidong", "Qian, Jing"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493669", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) firstly announced in Wuhan of Hubei province, China is rapidly spreading to all the other 31 provinces of China and to more than 140 countries. Quarantine strategies play the key role on the disease controlling and public health in the world with this pandemic of the COVID-19 defined by the World Health Organization. In this study, a SEIRQ epidemic model was developed to explore the dynamic changes of COVID-19 in Wuhan and mainland China, from January 27, 2020 to March 5, 2020. Moreover, to investigate the effects of the quarantine strategies, two perspectives are employed from the different quarantine magnitudes and quarantine time points. The major results suggest that the COVID-19 variations are well captured by the epidemic model with very high accuracy in the cumulative confirmed cases, confirmed cases, cumulative recovered cases and cumulative death cases. The quarantine magnitudes in the susceptible individuals play larger roles on the disease control than the impacts of the quarantines of the exposed individuals and infectious individuals. For the quarantine time points, it shows that the early quarantine strategy is significantly important for the disease controlling. The time delayed quarantining will seriously increase the COVID-19 disease patients and prolongs the days of the disease extinction. Our model can simulate and predict the COVID-19 variations and the quarantine strategies are important for the disease controlling, especially at the early period of the disease outbreak. These conclusions provide important scientific information for the government policymaker in the disease control strategies."}, {"pmid": 32457029, "title": "Covid-19: Selected NHS patients will be treated with remdesivir.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kmietowicz, Zosia"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457029", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330430, "pmcid": "PMC7173821", "title": "Suicide risk and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Gunnell, David", "Appleby, Louis", "Arensman, Ella", "Hawton, Keith", "John, Ann", "Kapur, Nav", "Khan, Murad", "O'Connor, Rory C", "Pirkis, Jane"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330430", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329879, "title": "An alternative approach to minimize the risk of coronavirus (Covid-19) and similar infections.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Ahmad, A", "Rehman, M U", "Alkharfy, K M"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329879", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain that was discovered in 2019 and has not been previously identified in humans. On December 31st 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of a cluster of cases with pneumonia of unknown origin from Wuhan City, Hubei province of China. The WHO announced in February 2020 that COVID-19 is the official name of the coronavirus diseases. A total of 519,899 confirmed cases with 23,592 deaths linked to this pathogen as on March 27, 2020 have been reported. Due to increasing number of infected people across the continents and huge loss to human life, the WHO has declared the novel COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. A pandemic is defined as the \"worldwide spread\" of a new disease. Currently, no COVID-19 specific treatments have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA). However, the current treatment options include hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, remdesivir, lopinavir-ritonavir (Kaletra\u00ae), and nitazoxanide. In recent past, some natural herbal compounds have demonstrated encouraging anti-viral properties. This article attempted to summarize available information on the reported anti-viral activity of some natural products."}, {"pmid": 32353398, "pmcid": "PMC7184979", "title": "Risk factors for predicting mortality in elderly patients with COVID-19: A review of clinical data in China.", "journal": "Mech Ageing Dev", "authors": ["Leung, Char"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353398", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While elderly patients are at high risk of fatality, research concerning COVID-19 has largely been done on clarifying the clinical features. As such, the present work aims to identify risk factors for mortality in elderly patients with COVID-19. Given that single-centre studies are less likely informative as elderly remains a minority in the total Chinese population, the present study reviewed the clinical data of geriatric COVID-19 patients gathered from different sources in the public domain. Based on the data of 154 individuals from 26 provinces, age remained a key mortality risk factor among geriatric patients of different ages. While dyspnoea and chest pain/discomfort were more commonly seen in deceased patients as they represented severe pneumonia, fever was more prominent in surviving patients. This was likely due to the lower baseline body temperature observed in elderly which translated to a lower maximum temperature of fever. However, lowering the threshold temperature for fever is not recommended in surveillance. Instead, baseline body temperature measured on a regular basis should be used to define the threshold temperature for fever. Against mixed results, more research should be done on identifying comorbidities associated with mortality in geriatric patients."}, {"pmid": 32345617, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with large-vessel vasculitis in Italy: a monocentric survey.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Tomelleri, Alessandro", "Sartorelli, Silvia", "Campochiaro, Corrado", "Baldissera, Elena Marina", "Dagna, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345617", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278745, "pmcid": "PMC7142692", "title": "COVID-19, Mental Health and Aging: A Need for New Knowledge to Bridge Science and Service.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Vahia, Ipsit V", "Blazer, Dan G", "Smith, Gwenn S", "Karp, Jordan F", "Steffens, David C", "Forester, Brent P", "Tampi, Rajesh", "Agronin, Marc", "Jeste, Dilip V", "Reynolds, Charles F 3rd"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278745", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331707, "pmcid": "PMC7158800", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Paediatric Urology Practice in Europe: A Reflection from the European Association of Urology Young Academic Urologists.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Spinoit, Anne-Francoise", "Haid, Bernhard", "Hiess, Manuela", "Banuelos, Beatriz", "Hoen, Lisette 't", "Radford, Anna", "Silay, Mesrur Selcuk"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331707", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441869, "title": "Good deeds and cheap marketing-The food industry in the times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["White, Mariel", "Nieto, Claudia", "Barquera, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441869", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The consumption of ultra-processed foods is one of the main drivers of the global obesity and non-communicable disease (NCDs) epidemic1 . It is well known that obesity is associated with a low intensity chronic inflammatory state that creates a suboptimal immune response,2 which negatively affects the prognosis of COVID-193 . The epidemic of obesity and COVID-19 can be viewed as a syndemic as they negatively interact with one another to exacerbate the course of disease, leading to greater complications and severe illness. Together, they create a simultaneous and significant burden on the health system4 . Thus, an in-depth analysis on the food industry's role in this pandemic and in our society is necessary."}, {"pmid": 32004427, "pmcid": "PMC7092802", "title": "First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Holshue, Michelle L", "DeBolt, Chas", "Lindquist, Scott", "Lofy, Kathy H", "Wiesman, John", "Bruce, Hollianne", "Spitters, Christopher", "Ericson, Keith", "Wilkerson, Sara", "Tural, Ahmet", "Diaz, George", "Cohn, Amanda", "Fox, LeAnne", "Patel, Anita", "Gerber, Susan I", "Kim, Lindsay", "Tong, Suxiang", "Lu, Xiaoyan", "Lindstrom, Steve", "Pallansch, Mark A", "Weldon, William C", "Biggs, Holly M", "Uyeki, Timothy M", "Pillai, Satish K"], "date": "2020-02-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32004427", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) that began in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly, with cases now confirmed in multiple countries. We report the first case of 2019-nCoV infection confirmed in the United States and describe the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and management of the case, including the patient's initial mild symptoms at presentation with progression to pneumonia on day 9 of illness. This case highlights the importance of close coordination between clinicians and public health authorities at the local, state, and federal levels, as well as the need for rapid dissemination of clinical information related to the care of patients with this emerging infection."}, {"pmid": 32301284, "pmcid": "PMC7262123", "title": "Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID-19.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Moein, Shima T", "Hashemian, Seyed M R", "Mansourafshar, Babak", "Khorram-Tousi, Ali", "Tabarsi, Payam", "Doty, Richard L"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301284", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 disease, is responsible for the largest pandemic since the 1918 H1N1 influenza outbreak. The symptoms presently recognized by the World Health Organization are cough, fever, tiredness, and difficulty breathing. Patient-reported smell and taste loss has been associated with COVID-19 infection, yet no empirical olfactory testing on a cohort of COVID-19 patients has been performed. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), a well-validated 40-odorant test, was administered to 60 confirmed COVID-19 inpatients and 60 age- and sex-matched controls to assess the magnitude and frequency of their olfactory dysfunction. A mixed effects analysis of variance determined whether meaningful differences in test scores existed between the two groups and if the test scores were differentially influenced by sex. Fifty-nine (98%) of the 60 patients exhibited some smell dysfunction [mean (95% CI) UPSIT score: 20.98 (19.47,22.48); controls: 34.10 (33.31,34.88); p<0.0001]. Thirty-five of the 60 patients (58%) were either anosmic (15/60; 25%) or severely microsmic (20/60; 33%); 16 exhibited moderate microsmia (16/60; 27%), 8 mild microsmia (8/60; 13%), and one normosmia (1/60; 2%). Deficits were evident for all 40 UPSIT odorants. No meaningful relationships between the test scores and sex, disease severity, or comorbidities were found. Quantitative smell testing demonstrates that decreased smell function, but not always anosmia, is a major marker for SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggests the possibility that smell testing may help, in some cases, to identify COVID-19 patients in need of early treatment or quarantine. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32176257, "pmcid": "PMC7081171", "title": "COVID-19 and the Risk to Health Care Workers: A Case Report.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Ng, Kangqi", "Poon, Beng Hoong", "Kiat Puar, Troy Hai", "Shan Quah, Jessica Li", "Loh, Wann Jia", "Wong, Yu Jun", "Tan, Thean Yen", "Raghuram, Jagadesan"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176257", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243608, "pmcid": "PMC7228383", "title": "Detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Du, Zhe", "Zhu, Fengxue", "Guo, Fuzheng", "Yang, Bo", "Wang, Tianbing"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243608", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502118, "title": "Deployment of a computerized ward visitor registration system in coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic: Experiences of a large academic medical center in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Hsu, Chia-An", "Yuan, Eunice J", "Fen, Jun-Jeng", "Lee, Chung-Yuan", "Ming, Jin-Lain", "Chen, Tzeng-Ji", "Lee, Wui-Chiang", "Chen, Shih-Ann"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502118", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Visitors to hospitalized patients during an epidemic might themselves be carriers and are therefore likely to spread the disease in wards. Although measures were taken to restrict hospital visits, traditional paper-based registration is insufficient to screen and monitor the numbers of visitors to a large hospital. Throughout March 2020, during the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis, a computer system was deployed in the 2800-bed Taipei Veterans General Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan) to register, screen, and monitor inpatient visitors. This system comprised three parts: online registration form, entrance check-in interface, and registration database. The early utilization of this newly deployed system was then analyzed. A total of 22,336 visits were recorded between March 11, 2020, and March 31, 2020, with 1064 a day on average. Out of these visits, 18.1% (n = 4049) had made online reservations within 48 hours. On the other hand, of all 4941 online reservations, 18.1% (n = 892) were no-shows. In the last 12 days of the study period, eight prospective visitors were identified as ineligible by the computer system, and so their visits were denied. Using a computer system, the hospital was able to enforce restrictions on hospital visits. Although the online registration system had not been fully used yet in the early phase of adoption, its superiority from the standpoint of disease control should enable hospital managers to consider abolishing on-site visitor registration."}, {"pmid": 32267998, "pmcid": "PMC7262152", "title": "Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment for COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): A case series.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Wang, Janice", "Hajizadeh, Negin", "Moore, Ernest E", "McIntyre, Robert C", "Moore, Peter K", "Veress, Livia A", "Yaffe, Michael B", "Moore, Hunter B", "Barrett, Christopher D"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267998", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A prothrombotic coagulopathy is commonly found in critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A unique feature of COVID-19 respiratory failure is a relatively preserved lung compliance and high Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, with pathology reports consistently demonstrating diffuse pulmonary microthrombi on autopsy, all consistent with a vascular occlusive etiology of respiratory failure rather than the more classic findings of low-compliance in ARDS. The COVID-19 pandemic is overwhelming the world's medical care capacity with unprecedented needs for mechanical ventilators and high rates of mortality once patients progress to needing mechanical ventilation, and in many environments including in parts of the United States the medical capacity is being exhausted. Fibrinolytic therapy has previously been used in a Phase 1 clinical trial that led to reduced mortality and marked improvements in oxygenation. Here we report a series of three patients with severe COVID-19 respiratory failure who were treated with tissue plasminogen activator. All three patients had a temporally related improvement in their respiratory status, with one of them being a durable response."}, {"pmid": 32447127, "pmcid": "PMC7255119", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic, infodemic and the role of eHealth literacy.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["Chong, Yuen Yu", "Cheng, Ho Yu", "Chan, Helen Yue Lai", "Chien, Wai Tong", "Wong, Samuel Yeung Shan"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447127", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302438, "title": "Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in Intensive Care Unit. A Report of Thromboelastography Findings and other Parameters of Hemostasis.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Panigada, Mauro", "Bottino, Nicola", "Tagliabue, Paola", "Grasselli, Giacomo", "Novembrino, Cristina", "Chantarangkul, Veena", "Pesenti, Antonio", "Peyvandi, Fora", "Tripodi, Armando"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302438", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe inflammatory state secondary to Covid-19 leads to a severe derangement of hemostasis that has been recently described as a state of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and consumption coagulopathy, defined as decreased platelet count, increased fibrin(ogen) degradation products such as D-dimer as well as low fibrinogen. Whole blood from 24 patients admitted at the intensive care unit because of Covid-19 was collected and evaluated with thromboelastography by the TEG point-of-care device on a single occasion and six underwent repeated measurements on two consecutive days for a total of 30 observations. Plasma was evaluated for the other parameters of hemostasis. TEG parameters are consistent with a state of hypercoagulability as shown by decreased R and K values, and increased values of K angle and MA. Platelet count was normal or increased, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were near(normal). Fibrinogen was increased and D-dimer was dramatically increased. C-reactive protein was increased. Factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (n=11) were increased. Antithrombin (n=11) was marginally decreased and protein C (n=11) was increased. The results of this cohort of patients with Covid-19 are not consistent with acute DIC, rather they support hypercoagulability together with a severe inflammatory state. These findings may explain the events of venous thromboembolism observed in some of these patients and support antithrombotic prophylaxis/treatment. Clinical trials are urgently needed to establish the type of drug, dosage and optimal duration of prophylaxis."}, {"pmid": 32452556, "title": "A novel COVID-19 based truck driver syndemic? Implications for public health, safety, and vital supply chains.", "journal": "Am J Ind Med", "authors": ["Lemke, Michael Kenneth", "Apostolopoulos, Yorghos", "Sonmez, Sevil"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452556", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "U.S. long-haul truck drivers traverse great distances and interact with numerous individuals, rendering them vulnerable to acquiring and transmitting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Together, the unique co-occurrence of pronounced health disparities and known COVID-19 infection, morbidity, and mortality risks suggest the possibility of a novel COVID-19 based truck driver syndemic due to advanced driver age and endemic health issues. In turn, COVID-19 sequelae may perpetuate existing health disparities. The co-occurrence of afflictions may also result in compromised safety performance. To curb the likelihood of a COVID-19 based truck driver syndemic, several action stepsare needed. First, key COVID-19 metrics need to be established for this population. Second, relationships between long-haul trucker network attributes and COVID-19 spread need to bedelineated. Third, mutually reinforcing interactions between endemic health disparities and COVID-19 vulnerability need to be elucidated. Finally, grounded in the aforementioned steps, policies and interventions need to be identified and implemented."}, {"pmid": 32315253, "title": "Family Member Visits to Critically Ill Patients During COVID-19: A New Pathway (Re: Telemed J E Health 2020. [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2020.29040.rb).", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Zhang, Jun", "Wang, Haili", "Dong, Lun"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315253", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518019, "title": "3D-printable headlight face shield adapter. Personal protective equipment in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Viera-Artiles, Jaime", "Valdiande, Jose J"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518019", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) pandemic has pushed health workers to find creative solutions to a global shortage of personal protection equipment (PPE). 3D-printing technology is having an essential role during the pandemic providing solutions for this problem, for instance, modifying full-face snorkel masks or creating low-cost face shields to use as PPE (Ishack and Lipner, 2020 [1]). Otolaryngologists are at increased occupational risk to COVID19 infection due to the exposure to respiratory droplets and aerosols, especially during the routine nose and mouth examinations where coughing and sneezing happen regularly (Rna et al., 2017 [2]; Tysome and Bhutta, 2020 [3]). The use of a headlight is essential during these examinations. However, to our knowledge, none of the commercially available or 3D-printable face shields are compatible with a headlight. Hence, using a face shield and a headlight at the same time can be very uncomfortable and sometimes impossible. To solve this problem, we have designed a 3D-printable adapter for medical headlights, which can hold a transparent sheet to create a face shield as an effective barrier protection that can be used comfortably with the headlight. The adapter can be printed in different materials with the most commonly used nowadays being the cost-efficient PLA (Polylactic Acid) used for this prototype. The resulting piece weighs only 7\u00a0g and has an estimated cost of $0.15 USD. The transparent sheets, typically made from polyester and used for laser printing, can be purchased in any office material store with a standard price of 0.4 USD per unit. After use, the transparent sheet can be easily removed. We trialed the adapter in 7 different headlights. All of these headlights accommodated the printed blocks extremely well. The headlights were used in many different settings, including the ENT clinic, the operating room, the emergency room, the ENT ward and the COVID19 intensive care unit (ICU) for a two weeks period. All doctors using the headlight felt they were fully protected from respiratory droplets, blood, sputum and other fluids. The face shield with the headlight has been found very useful for treating epistaxis, changing tracheostomy cannulas and during routine nasal and oral examinations. The headlight face shield adapter was designed to solve a specific problem among the ENT community; however other specialist can find it useful as well. Nonetheless, manufacturers should take care of specifics problems like this and provide commercially available products to protect the ENT workforce in this new era."}, {"pmid": 32395474, "pmcid": "PMC7210199", "title": "The effect of RAS blockers on the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with hypertension.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Huang, Zheyong", "Cao, Jiatian", "Yao, Yumeng", "Jin, Xuejuan", "Luo, Zhe", "Xue, Yuan", "Zhu, Chouwen", "Song, Yanan", "Wang, Ying", "Zou, Yunzeng", "Qian, Juying", "Yu, Kaihuan", "Gong, Hui", "Ge, Junbo"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395474", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus (designated as SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic worldwide. Based on the current reports, hypertension may be associated with increased risk of sever condition in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was recently identified to functional receptor of SARS-CoV-2. Previous experimental data revealed ACE2 level was increased following treatment with ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Currently doctors concern whether these commonly used renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers-ACEIs/ARBs may increase the severity of COVID-19. We extracted data regarding 50 hospitalized hypertension patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 in the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from Feb 7 to Mar 03, 2020. These patients were grouped into RAS blockers group (Group A, n=20) and non-RAS blockers group (Group B, n=30) according to the basic blood pressure medications. All patients continued to use pre-admission antihypertensive drugs. Clinical severity (symptoms, laboratory and chest CT findings, etc.), clinical course, and short time outcome were analyzed after hospital admission. Ten (50%) and seventeen (56.7%) of the Group A and Group B participants were males (P=0.643), and the average age was 52.65\u00b113.12 and 67.77\u00b112.84 years (P=0.000), respectively. The blood pressure of both groups was under effective control. There was no significant difference in clinical severity, clinical course and in-hospital mortality between Group A and Group B. Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (P=0.03), and N-terminal (NT)-pro hormone BNP (NT-proBNP) (P=0.04) showed significant lower level in Group A than in Group B. But the patients with more than 0.04ng/mL or elevated NT-proBNP level had no statistical significance between the two groups. In patients over 65 years or under 65 years, cTnI or NT-proBNP level showed no difference between the two groups. We observed there was no obvious difference in clinical characteristics between RAS blockers and non-RAS blockers groups. These data suggest ACEIs/ARBs may have few effects on increasing the clinical severe conditions of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32384396, "title": "Hematuria Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Child.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Almeida, Flavia Jacqueline", "Olmos, Rodrigo Diaz", "Oliveira, Danielle Bruna Leal", "Monteiro, Cairo Oliveira", "Thomazelli, Luciano Matsumiya", "Durigon, Edison Luiz", "Safadi, Marco Aurelio Palazzi"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384396", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328442, "pmcid": "PMC7177082", "title": "COVID-19, osteoarthritis and women's health.", "journal": "Case Rep Womens Health", "authors": ["Mobasheri, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32129843, "pmcid": "PMC7108196", "title": "Genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Coronavirus Disease 2019 patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shen, Zijie", "Xiao, Yan", "Kang, Lu", "Ma, Wentai", "Shi, Leisheng", "Zhang, Li", "Zhou, Zhuo", "Yang, Jing", "Zhong, Jiaxin", "Yang, Donghong", "Guo, Li", "Zhang, Guoliang", "Li, Hongru", "Xu, Yu", "Chen, Mingwei", "Gao, Zhancheng", "Wang, Jianwei", "Ren, Lili", "Li, Mingkun"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129843", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 75,000 individuals and spread to over 20 countries. It is still unclear how fast the virus evolved and how the virus interacts with other microorganisms in the lung. We have conducted metatranscriptome sequencing for the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of eight SARS-CoV-2 patients, 25 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients, and 20 healthy controls. The median number of intra-host variants was 1-4 in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, which ranged between 0 and 51 in different samples. The distribution of variants on genes was similar to those observed in the population data (110 sequences). However, very few intra-host variants were observed in the population as polymorphism, implying either a bottleneck or purifying selection involved in the transmission of the virus, or a consequence of the limited diversity represented in the current polymorphism data. Although current evidence did not support the transmission of intra-host variants in a person-to-person spread, the risk should not be overlooked. The microbiota in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients was similar to those in CAP, either dominated by the pathogens or with elevated levels of oral and upper respiratory commensal bacteria. SARS-CoV-2 evolves in vivo after infection, which may affect its virulence, infectivity, and transmissibility. Although how the intra-host variant spreads in the population is still elusive, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of the viral evolution in the population and associated clinical changes."}, {"pmid": 32293580, "pmcid": "PMC7187765", "title": "Global Reach of an Online COVID-19 Course in Multiple Languages on OpenWHO in the First Quarter of 2020: Analysis of Platform Use Data.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Utunen, Heini", "Ndiaye, Ngouille", "Piroux, Corentin", "George, Richelle", "Attias, Melissa", "Gamhewage, Gaya"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293580", "countries": ["Colombia", "Peru", "India", "Chile", "Spain", "Mexico", "United Kingdom", "Argentina", "United States", "Ecuador"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the onset of the coronavirus outbreak, the World Health Organization's (WHO) Health Emergencies Learning and Capacity Development Unit, together with the WHO's health technical lead on coronaviruses, developed a massive open online course within 3 weeks as part of the global response to the emergency. The introductory coronavirus disease (COVID\u201119) course was launched on January 26, 2020, on the health emergencies learning platform OpenWHO.org. The aim of this paper is to investigate the geographic reach of different language courses accessed by a worldwide audience seeking information on COVID-19. Users' professional identities and backgrounds were explored to inform course owners on the use case. The course was developed and delivered via the open-access learning platform OpenWHO.org. The self-paced resources are available in a total of 13 languages and were produced between January 26 and March 25, 2020. Data were collected from the online courses' statistical data and metrics reporting system on the OpenWHO platform. User patterns and locations were analyzed based on Google Analytics and the platform's own statistics capabilities, and data sets were overlaid. This analysis was conducted based on user location, with the data disaggregated according to the six WHO regions, the top 10 countries, and the proportion of use for each language version. Data included affiliation, gender, age, and other parameters for 32.43% (52,214/161,007) of the users who indicated their background. As of March 25, 2020, the introductory COVID-19 course totaled 232,890 enrollments across all languages. The Spanish language course was comprised of more than half (n=118,754, 50.99%) of all course enrollments, and the English language course was comprised of 38.21% (n=88,988) of enrollments. The WHO's Region of the Americas accounted for most of the course enrollments, with more than 72.47% (138,503/191,130) enrollment across all languages. Other regions were more evenly distributed with less than 10% enrollment for each. A total of 32.43% (52,214/161,007) of users specified a professional affiliation by choosing from the 12 most common backgrounds in the OpenWHO user profiles. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, users were spread over the 11 distinct affiliations, with a small fraction of users identifying themselves as \"Other.\" With the COVID-19 introductory course, the largest number of users selected \"Other\" (16,527/52,214, 31.65%), suggesting a large number of users who were not health professionals or academics. The top 10 countries with the most users across all languages were Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, India, Mexico, Peru, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The online course has addressed a worldwide learning need by providing WHO's technical guidance packaged in simple formats for access and use. The learning material development was expedited to meet the onset of the epidemic. Initial data suggest that the various language versions of the course, in particular Spanish, have reached new user groups, fulfilling the platform's aim of providing learning everywhere to anyone that is interested. User surveys will be carried out to measure the real impact."}, {"pmid": 32529289, "pmcid": "PMC7289478", "title": "COVID-19; beyond the obvious: how do we move forward?", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Nasoodi, Afshin", "Johnston, Ciaran", "Fraioli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529289", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306657, "title": "[Clinical features and outcome of treatment for novel coronavirus pneumonia: a meta-analysis].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wu, Y Y", "Li, H Y", "Xu, X B", "Zheng, K X", "Qi, X S", "Guo, X Z"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306657", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the clinical features and outcome of treatment for novel coronavirus pneumonia. Methods: Literature on novel coronavirus pneumonia was retrieved from PubMed and EMBASE databases. The relevant data was extracted and a meta-analysis was performed using StatsDirect statistical software V.2.8.0 to calculate the combined odds ratio. Results: Seven studies were included, consisting of 1594 cases. The meta-analysis result showed that the most common clinical symptoms of the novel coronavirus pneumonia were fever (91.6%) and cough (64.5%), followed by dyspnea (32.8%) and sputum (28.1%). Headache (10.5%), sore throat (11.2%), hemoptysis (3.2%), diarrhea (6.6%) and the other symptoms were relatively rare. Aspartate aminotransferase (29%), alanine transaminase (22.7%), and total bilirubin (11.7%) levels were elevated, except for serum albumin levels (80.4%). The common therapeutic agents used were antibiotics (87.7%), antiviral drugs (75.5%), and glucocorticoids (26.6%), while antifungal agents (7.7%) were used in few. Mechanical ventilation (13.4%), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (1.9%), and continuous renal replacement therapy (3.8%) were used in severe cases. The rate of mortality in hospital was 7.7%, respectively. Heterogeneity between studies was significant; however, subgroup and sensitivity analysis had failed to identify clear sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion: Fever, cough and liver dysfunction are the main clinical manifestations of this disease and the mortality rate is low."}, {"pmid": 32504252, "pmcid": "PMC7274514", "title": "Responding to COVID-19: What's the Problem?", "journal": "J Urban Health", "authors": ["Lawrence, Roderick J"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504252", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This commentary argues that the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic should be considered as a transdisciplinary societal challenge that requires coordinated systemic thinking and actions in the context of uncertainty. Responses to the propagation of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the health, economic and social impacts of Covid-19 are complex, emergent and unpredictable. We describe the virtuous relations between three prerequisite conditions-multilevel governance, knowledge and types of resources and individual and collective behaviours-that should be combined in transdisciplinary responses."}, {"pmid": 32167853, "pmcid": "PMC7233381", "title": "Can Lung US Help Critical Care Clinicians in the Early Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia?", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Poggiali, Erika", "Dacrema, Alessandro", "Bastoni, Davide", "Tinelli, Valentina", "Demichele, Elena", "Mateo Ramos, Pau", "Marciano, Teodoro", "Silva, Matteo", "Vercelli, Andrea", "Magnacavallo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167853", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386013, "title": "Chest CT findings and clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children.", "journal": "Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Zhong, Zheng", "Xie, Xingzhi", "Huang, Wei", "Zhao, Wei", "Yu, Qizhi", "Liu, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386013", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the CT features and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 9 COVID-19 infected pediatric patients were included in this study. Clinical history, laboratory examination, and detailed CT imaging features were analyzed. All patients underwent the first CT scanning on the same day of being diagnosed by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). A low-dose CT scan was performed during follow-up. All the child patients had positive results. Four patients had cough and one patient had fever. One patient presented both cough and fever. Two children presented other symptoms like sore throat and stuffy nose. One child showed no clinical symptom. Five patients had positive initial CT findings with subtle lesions like ground-glass opacity (GGO) or spot-like mixed consolidation. Three patients were reported with negative results in the initial and follow-up CT examination. One patient was reported with initial negative CT findings but turning positive during the first follow-up. All patients had absorbed lesions on follow-up CT images after treatment. Pediatric COVID-19 patients have certain imaging and clinical features as well as disease prognosis. Children with COVID-19 tend to have normal or subtle CT findings and relatively better outcome."}, {"pmid": 32470516, "pmcid": "PMC7250561", "title": "Declines in Hospitalizations for Acute Cardiovascular Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Tertiary Care Experience.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Bhatt, Ankeet S", "Moscone, Alea", "McElrath, Erin E", "Varshney, Anubodh S", "Claggett, Brian L", "Bhatt, Deepak L", "Januzzi, James L", "Butler, Javed", "Adler, Dale S", "Solomon, Scott D", "Vaduganathan, Muthiah"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470516", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While patients with cardiovascular disease face excess risks of severe illness with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), there may be indirect consequences of the pandemic on this high-risk patient segment. To examine longitudinal trends in hospitalizations for acute cardiovascular conditions across a tertiary care healthcare system. We tracked acute cardiovascular hospitalizations between January 1st, 2019 and March 31st, 2020. We estimated daily hospitalization rates using negative binomial models. Temporal trends in hospitalization rates were compared across the first 3 months of 2020, with the first 3 months of 2019 as a reference. From January 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020, 6,083 patients experienced 7,187 hospitalizations for primary acute cardiovascular reasons. There was 43.4% (27.4% to 56.0%) fewer estimated daily hospitalizations in March 2020 as compared with March 2019 (P<0.001). The daily rate of hospitalizations did not change throughout 2019 (-0.01% per day [-0.04% to +0.02%], P=0.50), January 2020 (-0.5% per day [-1.6% to +0.5%], P=0.31), or February 2020 (+0.7% per day [-0.6% to +2.0%], P=0.27). There was significant daily decline in hospitalizations in March 2020 (-5.9% per day [-7.6% to -4.3%], P<0.001). Length of stay was shorter (4.8 [2.4,8.3] days vs. 6.0 [3.1,9.6] days; P=0.003) and in-hospital mortality was not significantly different (6.2% vs. 4.4%; P=0.30) in March 2020 compared with March 2019. During the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a marked decline in acute cardiovascular hospitalizations and patients who were admitted had shorter lengths of stay. These data substantiate concerns that acute care of cardiovascular conditions may be delayed, deferred, or abbreviated during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32461230, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: clinical picture of COVID-19 and implications for research.", "journal": "Thorax", "authors": ["Lipman, Marc", "Chambers, Rachel C", "Singer, Mervyn", "Brown, Jeremy Stuart"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461230", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409625, "pmcid": "PMC7246092", "title": "'Your country needs you': the ethics of allocating staff to high-risk clinical roles in the management of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Dunn, Michael", "Sheehan, Mark", "Hordern, Joshua", "Turnham, Helen Lynne", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409625", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic impacts on health service delivery, health providers are modifying care pathways and staffing models in ways that require health professionals to be reallocated to work in critical care settings. Many of the roles that staff are being allocated to in the intensive care unit and emergency department pose additional risks to themselves, and new policies for staff reallocation are causing distress and uncertainty to the professionals concerned. In this paper, we analyse a range of ethical issues associated with changes to staff allocation processes in the face of COVID-19. In line with a dominant view in the medical ethics literature, we claim, first, that no individual health professional has a specific, positive obligation to treat a patient when doing so places that professional at risk of harm, and so there is a clear ethical tension in any reallocation process in this context. Next, we argue that the changing asymmetries of health needs in hospitals means that careful consideration needs to be given to a stepwise process for deallocating staff from their usual duties. We conclude by considering how a justifiable process of reallocating professionals to high-risk clinical roles should be configured once those who are 'fit for reallocation' have been identified. We claim that this process needs to attend to three questions that we consider in detail: (1) how the choice to make reallocation decisions is made, (2) what justifiable models for reallocation might look like and (3) what is owed to those who are reallocated."}, {"pmid": 32300370, "pmcid": "PMC7148425", "title": "Can an effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine be developed for the older population?", "journal": "Immun Ageing", "authors": ["Pawelec, Graham", "Weng, Nan-Ping"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300370", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its inordinately rapid spread is posing severe challenges to the wellbeing of millions of people worldwide, health care systems and the global economy. While many younger people experience no or mild symptoms on infection, older adults are highly susceptible to life-threatening respiratory and systemic conditions which demand a full understanding and leveraging of knowledge of the differences between immunity in young and old people. Consequently, we welcome papers addressing any issues relevant to immunity and ageing in the context of SARS-CoV-2, and will endeavour to fast-track peer-review. We aim to provide a platform exclusively for discussions of individual and age differences in susceptibility and immune responses to COVID caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and how to prevent or reduce severity of disease in older adults."}, {"pmid": 32105637, "pmcid": "PMC7159053", "title": "Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shi, Heshui", "Han, Xiaoyu", "Jiang, Nanchuan", "Cao, Yukun", "Alwalid, Osamah", "Gu, Jin", "Fan, Yanqing", "Zheng, Chuansheng"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105637", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were successively reported in Wuhan, China. We aimed to describe the CT findings across different timepoints throughout the disease course. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (confirmed by next-generation sequencing or RT-PCR) who were admitted to one of two hospitals in Wuhan and who underwent serial chest CT scans were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were grouped on the basis of the interval between symptom onset and the first CT scan: group 1 (subclinical patients; scans done before symptom onset), group 2 (scans done \u22641 week after symptom onset), group 3 (>1 week to 2 weeks), and group 4 (>2 weeks to 3 weeks). Imaging features and their distribution were analysed and compared across the four groups. 81 patients admitted to hospital between Dec 20, 2019, and Jan 23, 2020, were retrospectively enrolled. The cohort included 42 (52%) men and 39 (48%) women, and the mean age was 49\u00b75 years (SD 11\u00b70). The mean number of involved lung segments was 10\u00b75 (SD 6\u00b74) overall, 2\u00b78 (3\u00b73) in group 1, 11\u00b71 (5\u00b74) in group 2, 13\u00b70 (5\u00b77) in group 3, and 12\u00b71 (5\u00b79) in group 4. The predominant pattern of abnormality observed was bilateral (64 [79%] patients), peripheral (44 [54%]), ill-defined (66 [81%]), and ground-glass opacification (53 [65%]), mainly involving the right lower lobes (225 [27%] of 849 affected segments). In group 1 (n=15), the predominant pattern was unilateral (nine [60%]) and multifocal (eight [53%]) ground-glass opacities (14 [93%]). Lesions quickly evolved to bilateral (19 [90%]), diffuse (11 [52%]) ground-glass opacity predominance (17 [81%]) in group 2 (n=21). Thereafter, the prevalence of ground-glass opacities continued to decrease (17 [57%] of 30 patients in group 3, and five [33%] of 15 in group 4), and consolidation and mixed patterns became more frequent (12 [40%] in group 3, eight [53%] in group 4). COVID-19 pneumonia manifests with chest CT imaging abnormalities, even in asymptomatic patients, with rapid evolution from focal unilateral to diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities that progressed to or co-existed with consolidations within 1-3 weeks. Combining assessment of imaging features with clinical and laboratory findings could facilitate early diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. None."}, {"pmid": 32396224, "pmcid": "PMC7272977", "title": "Rapid Deployment of a Statewide COVID-19 ECHO Program for Frontline Clinicians: Early Results and Lessons Learned.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Steeves-Reece, Anna L", "Elder, Nancy C", "Graham, Tuesday A", "Wolf, Miriam L", "Stock, Isabel", "Davis, Melinda M", "Stock, Ronald D"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396224", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315887, "pmcid": "PMC7158779", "title": "The anatomy of panic buying related to the current COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Sim, Kang", "Chua, Hong Choon", "Vieta, Eduard", "Fernandez, George"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315887", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302399, "pmcid": "PMC7188148", "title": "A COVID-19 Patient Who Underwent Endonasal Endoscopic Pituitary Adenoma Resection: A Case Report.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Zhu, Wende", "Huang, Xing", "Zhao, Hongyang", "Jiang, Xiaobing"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302399", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pituitary adenoma patient who underwent surgery in our department was diagnosed with COVID-19 and 14 medical staff were confirmed infected later. This case has been cited several times but without accuracy or entirety, we feel obligated to report it and share our thoughts on the epidemic among medical staff and performing endonasal endoscopic surgery during COVID-19 pandemic. The patient developed a fever 3 d post endonasal endoscopic surgery during which cerebrospinal leak occurred, and was confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection later. Several medical staff outside the operating room were diagnosed with COVID-19, while the ones who participated in the surgery were not. The deceptive nature of COVID-19 results from its most frequent onset symptom, fever, a clich\u00e9 in neurosurgery, which makes it hard for surgeons to differentiate. The COVID-19 epidemic among medical staff in our department was deemed as postoperative rather than intraoperative transmission, and attributed to not applying sufficient personal airway protection. Proper personal protective equipment and social distancing between medical staff contributed to limiting epidemic since the initial outbreak. Emergency endonasal endoscopic surgeries are feasible since COVID-19 is still supposed to be containable when the surgeries are performed in negative pressure operating rooms with personal protective equipment and the patients are kept under quarantine postoperatively. However, we do not encourage elective surgeries during this pandemic, which might put patients in conditions vulnerable to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32501174, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Workforce Implications for Gerontological Social Work.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Berg-Weger, Marla", "Schroepfer, Tracy"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501174", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging for people of all ages but particularly devastating to adults 65 and older, which has highlighted the critical need for ensuring that all social workers gain the knowledge and skills necessary to work with this population. While there is a critical shortage of gerontological social workers and we must continue to increase that number, we cannot wait for this to occur. In this commentary, the authors call for infusing the current social work curricula with aging content; providing current social workers with trainings on aging practice; and all social work practitioners, faculty, and researchers to address four specific areas that have gained prominence due to the impact of COVID-19: ageism, loneliness and social isolation, technology, and interprofessional practice, in their respective areas."}, {"pmid": 32511763, "title": "Colchicine and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Corral, Pablo", "Corral, Gonzalo", "Diaz, Rafael"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511763", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32257554, "pmcid": "PMC7069463", "title": "Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusion Shows Promise for Combating Coronavirus (COVID-19)- Induced Pneumonia.", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Shetty, Ashok K"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257554", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new study published by the journal Aging & Disease reported that intravenous administration of clinical-grade human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in improved functional outcomes (Leng et al., Aging Dis, 11:216-228, 2020). This study demonstrated that intravenous infusion of MSCs is a safe and effective approach for treating patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, including elderly patients displaying severe pneumonia. COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory illness caused by a new coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, treating COVID-19 patients, particularly those afflicted with severe pneumonia, is challenging as no specific drugs or vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are available. Therefore, MSC therapy inhibiting the overactivation of the immune system and promoting endogenous repair by improving the lung microenvironment after the SARS-CoV-2 infection found in this study is striking. Additional studies in a larger cohort of patients are needed to validate this therapeutic intervention further, however."}, {"pmid": 32361535, "pmcid": "PMC7180365", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan: An analysis of the radiographic and clinical features.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Lin, Chen", "Chen, Zixian", "Xie, Bin", "Sun, Zhujian", "Ding, Yuxiao", "Li, Xiaogang", "Niu, Meng", "Guo, Shunlin", "Lei, Junqiang"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361535", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this case report is to describe the radiographic and clinical features of a COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan, China."}, {"pmid": 32411552, "pmcid": "PMC7217591", "title": "Radiological Findings in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Fatima, Sahar", "Ratnani, Iqbal", "Husain, Maha", "Surani, Salim"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411552", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After its origin in Wuhan, China, coronavirus related respiratory illness spread across the globe, being declared as a pandemic by WHO on March 13, 2020. Because it is acquired via respiratory droplets, community spread is responsible for the recent global crisis. The current diagnostic options include real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and a few serology tests, including but not limited to the recently approved five minutes serology tests. The disease presents as a lower respiratory tract illness. Anecdotal experiences have shown that imaging characteristics are crucial to diagnosis as radiological evidence of disease appears prior to clinical manifestations and tends to evolve over time, which can be useful in predicting the stage of the disease. CT scan is more sensitive than a chest X-ray in highlighting these changes."}, {"pmid": 32460839, "pmcid": "PMC7251558", "title": "Intravenous infusion of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a potential treatment for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Stem Cell Res Ther", "authors": ["Zhang, Yingxin", "Ding, Jie", "Ren, Shaoda", "Wang, Weihua", "Yang, Yapei", "Li, Shuangjing", "Meng, Min", "Wu, Tiejun", "Liu, Daliang", "Tian, Suochen", "Tian, Hui", "Chen, Shuangfeng", "Zhou, Changhui"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460839", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has grown to be a global public health emergency since patients were first detected in Wuhan, China. Thus far, no specific drugs or vaccines are available to cure the patients with COVID-19 infection. The immune system and inflammation are proposed to play a central role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to possess a comprehensive powerful immunomodulatory function. Intravenous infusion of MSCs has shown promising results in COVID-19 treatment. Here, we report a case of a severe COVID-19 patient treated with human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (hWJCs) from a healthy donor in Liaocheng People's Hospital, China, from February 24, 2020. The pulmonary function and symptoms of the patient with COVID-19 pneumonia was significantly improved in 2\u2009days after hWJC transplantation, and recovered and discharged in 7\u2009days after treatment. After treatment, the percentage and counts of lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell) were increased, and the level of IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and C-reactive protein is significantly decreased after hWJC treatment. Thus, the intravenous transplantation of hWJCs was safe and effective for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, especially for the patients in a critically severe condition. This report highlights the potential of hWJC infusions as an effective treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32322814, "pmcid": "PMC7173823", "title": "Building trust while influencing online COVID-19 content in the social media world.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["Limaye, Rupali Jayant", "Sauer, Molly", "Ali, Joseph", "Bernstein, Justin", "Wahl, Brian", "Barnhill, Anne", "Labrique, Alain"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322814", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515372, "title": "Resource husbandry in challenging times.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Agrawal, Upasana", "Khandelwal, Deepak", "Kalra, Sanjay", "Dhingra, Atul"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515372", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put a huge pressure on healthcare systems across the globe, more so in developing countries. Not only patients of acute febrile illness and respiratory problems but also patients with other acute and chronic diseases are facing challenges while seeking healthcare, getting laboratory investigations done and obtaining medications. Healthcare workers have their challenges including limited resources, lack of personal protective equipments, and fear of contracting COVID-19. Resource husbandry, which refers to the judicious use of available stocks, is a vital concept that needs to be promoted during such challenging times to combat the shortage of medical resources while simultaneously providing effective treatment to the patients. Some easily implementable concepts of resource husbandry can have a significant impact and result in minimising trouble for many patients during a challenging time."}, {"pmid": 32305385, "pmcid": "PMC7162757", "title": "Perspectives on vascular surgical practice change due to COVID-19 at a nonacademic tertiary care center.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Mirza, Aleem K"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305385", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268635, "title": "[Health protection guideline of conference designated hotel during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268635", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This guideline stipulates the management requirements, personal protection and comprehensive security of conference designated hotels. It is applicable to the unified standard prevention and control of conference designated hotels during COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32490887, "title": "Investigation of Turkish dentists' clinical attitudes and behaviors towards the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey study.", "journal": "Braz Oral Res", "authors": ["Duruk, Gulsum", "Gumusboga, Zekiye Seyma", "Colak, Cemil"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490887", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the whole world is under the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, and dentists are at high risk. The aim of this study was to investigate what kind of precautions Turkish dentists take in dental clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study population consisted of dentists in Turkey. An online questionnaire (23 questions-57 items) was sent to a sample of Turkish dentists from March 16 to March 20, 2020. The questionnaire comprised a series of questions about dentists' demographic characteristics, their concerns, and the measures taken in dental clinics against COVID-19. This study included a total of 1,958 Turkish dentists. A total of 1,274 (65.1%) were general dentists, and 684 (34.9%) were specialists. Five hundred twenty-two (26.7%) dentists attended an informational meeting on COVID-19. Of these dentists, 69.8% were aware of COVID-19 according to their self-assessed knowledge scores. More than 90% of the dentists were concerned about themselves and their families. Only 12% of the dentists wore an N95 mask. Although Turkish dentists took some precautionary measures, they did not take enough precautions to protect themselves, the dental staff, and other patients from COVID-19. As the number of COVID-19 cases increased, the measures taken slightly increased in dental clinics as well. Dentists are strongly recommended to take maximum precautions in the clinical setting. The guidelines about the COVID-19 pandemic should be sent to all dentists by the regional and national dental associations."}, {"pmid": 32279219, "pmcid": "PMC7148426", "title": "Phase- and epidemic region-adjusted estimation of the number of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in China.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Chang, Ruijie", "Wang, Huwen", "Zhang, Shuxian", "Wang, Zezhou", "Dong, Yinqiao", "Tsamlag, Lhakpa", "Yu, Xiaoyue", "Xu, Chen", "Yu, Yuelin", "Long, Rusi", "Liu, Ning-Ning", "Chu, Qiao", "Wang, Ying", "Xu, Gang", "Shen, Tian", "Wang, Suping", "Deng, Xiaobei", "Huang, Jinyan", "Zhang, Xinxin", "Wang, Hui", "Cai, Yong"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279219", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 was first reported in Wuhan in December 2019 and gradually spread to other areas in China. After implementation of prevention and control measures, the estimation of the epidemic trend is needed. A phase- and region-adjusted SEIR model was applied for modeling and predicting the number of cases in Wuhan, Hubei Province and regions outside Hubei Province in China. The estimated number of infections could reach its peak in late February 2020 in Wuhan and Hubei Province, which is 55 303-84 520 and 83 944-129 312, respectively, while the epidemic peaks in regions outside Hubei Province in China could appear on February 13, 2020 with the estimated 13 035-19 108 cases. According to the estimation, the outbreak would abate in March and April all over China. Current estimation provided evidence for planned work resumption under stringent prevention and control in China to further support the fight against the epidemic. Nevertheless, there is still possibility of the second outbreak brought by the work resumption and population migration, especially from Hubei Province and high intensity cities outside Hubei Province. Strict prevention and control measures still need to be considered in the regions with high intensity of epidemic and densely-populated cities."}, {"pmid": 32407409, "pmcid": "PMC7224553", "title": "The psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the general mainland Chinese population: A web-based survey.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Wang, Huiyao", "Xia, Qian", "Xiong, Zhenzhen", "Li, Zhixiong", "Xiang, Weiyi", "Yuan, Yiwen", "Liu, Yaya", "Li, Zhe"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407409", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the epidemic outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), general population may experience psychological distress. Evidence has suggested that negative coping styles may be related to subsequent mental illness. Therefore, we investigate the general population's psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional battery of surveys was conducted from February 1-4, 2020. The Kessler 6 psychological distress scale, the simplified coping style questionnaire and a general information questionnaire were administered on-line to a convenience sample of 1599 in China. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the influence factors of psychological distress. General population's psychological distress were significant differences based on age, marriage, epidemic contact characteristics, concern with media reports, and perceived impacts of the epidemic outbreak (all p <0.001) except gender (p = 0.316). The population with younger age (F = 102.04), unmarried (t = 15.28), with history of visiting Wuhan in the past month (t = -40.86), with history of epidemics occurring in the community (t = -10.25), more concern with media reports (F = 21.84), perceived more impacts of the epidemic outbreak (changes over living situations, F = 331.71; emotional control, F = 1863.07; epidemic-related dreams, F = 1642.78) and negative coping style (t = 37.41) had higher level of psychological distress. Multivariate analysis found that marriage, epidemic contact characteristics, perceived impacts of the epidemic and coping style were the influence factors of psychological distress (all p <0.001). Epidemic of COVID-19 caused high level of psychological distress. The general mainland Chinese population with unmarried, history of visiting Wuhan in the past month, perceived more impacts of the epidemic and negative coping style had higher level of psychological distress in the early stages of COVID-19 epidemic. Psychological interventions should be implemented early, especially for those general population with such characteristics."}, {"pmid": 32229732, "pmcid": "PMC7179524", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 19 Infection Does Not Result in Acute Kidney Injury: An Analysis of 116 Hospitalized Patients from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Am J Nephrol", "authors": ["Wang, Luwen", "Li, Xun", "Chen, Hui", "Yan, Shaonan", "Li, Dong", "Li, Yan", "Gong, Zuojiong"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229732", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Whether the patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 would commonly develop acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important issue worthy of clinical attention. This study aimed to explore the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on renal function through analyzing the clinical data of 116 hospitalized COVID-19-confirmed patients. One hundred sixteen COVID-19-confirmed patients enrolled in this study were hospitalized in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 14 to February 13, 2020. The recorded information includes demographic data, medical history, contact history, potential comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory test results, chest computer tomography scans, and treatment measures. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 53 urine sediments of enrolled patients was detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Twelve (10.8%) patients\u00a0showed mild increase of blood urea nitrogen or creatinine (<26 \u03bcmol/L within 48 h), and 8 (7.2%) patients showed trace or 1+ albuminuria in 111 COVID-19-confirmed patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD). All these patients did not meet the diagnostic criteria of AKI. In addition, 5 patients with CKD who were undergone regular continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) before admission were confirmed infection of SARS-CoV-2 and diagnosed as COVID-19. In addition to therapy for COVID-19, CRRT was also applied 3 times weekly during hospitalization for these 5 patients with CKD. In the course of treatment, the renal function indicators showed stable state in all 5 patients with CKD, without exacerbation of CKD, and pulmonary inflammation was gradually absorbed. All 5 patients with CKD were survived. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urine sediments was positive only in 3 patients from 48 cases without CKD, and 1 patient had a positive for SARS-CoV-2 open reading frame 1ab from 5 cases with CKD. AKI was uncommon in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection does not result in AKI, or aggravate CKD in the COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32315548, "title": "A Call for Rational Intensive Care in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol", "authors": ["Singer, Benjamin D", "Jain, Manu", "Budinger, G R Scott", "Wunderink, Richard G"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315548", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471894, "title": "Performance of Abbott ID NOW COVID-19 rapid nucleic acid amplification test in nasopharyngeal swabs transported in viral media and dry nasal swabs, in a New York City academic institution.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Basu, Atreyee", "Zinger, Tatyana", "Inglima, Kenneth", "Woo, Kar-Mun", "Atie, Onome", "Yurasits, Lauren", "See, Benjamin", "Aguero-Rosenfeld, Maria E"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471894", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has posed formidable challenges for clinical laboratories seeking reliable laboratory diagnostic confirmation. The swift advance of the crisis in the United States has led to Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) facilitating the availability of molecular diagnostic assays without the more rigorous examination to which tests are normally subjected prior to FDA approval. Our laboratory currently uses two real time RT-PCR platforms, the Roche Cobas SARS-CoV2 and the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2. Both platforms demonstrate comparable performance; however, the run times for each assay are 3.5 hours and 45 minutes, respectively. In search for a platform with shorter turnaround time, we sought to evaluate the recently released Abbott ID NOW COVID-19 assay which is capable of producing positive results in as little as 5 minutes. We present here the results of comparisons between Abbott ID NOW COVID-19 and Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 using nasopharyngeal swabs transported in viral transport media and comparisons between Abbott ID NOW COVID-19 and Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 using nasopharyngeal swabs transported in viral transport media for Cepheid and dry nasal swabs for Abbott ID NOW. Regardless of method of collection and sample type, Abbott ID NOW COVID-19 had negative results in a third of the samples that tested positive by Cepheid Xpert Xpress when using nasopharyngeal swabs in viral transport media and 45% when using dry nasal swabs."}, {"pmid": 32271624, "title": "Will Complement Inhibition Be the New Target in Treating COVID-19-Related Systemic Thrombosis?", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Campbell, Courtney M", "Kahwash, Rami"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271624", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490931, "title": "17beta-Estradiol, a potential ally to alleviate SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Breithaupt-Faloppa, Ana Cristina", "Correia, Cristiano de Jesus", "Prado, Carla Maximo", "Stilhano, Roberta Sessa", "Ureshino, Rodrigo Portes", "Moreira, Luiz Felipe Pinho"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490931", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Considering that female sexual hormones may modulate the inflammatory response and also exhibit direct effects on the cells of the immune system, herein, we intend to discuss the sex differences and the role of estradiol in modulating the lung and systemic inflammatory response, focusing on its possible application as a treatment modality for SARS-CoV-2 patients. COVID-19 patients develop severe hypoxemia early in the course of the disease, which is silent most of the time. Small fibrinous thrombi in pulmonary arterioles and a tumefaction of endothelial were observed in the autopsies of fatal COVID-19 cases. Studies showed that the viral infection induces a vascular process in the lung, which included vasodilation and endothelial dysfunction. Further, the proportions of CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes were strongly reduced in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Estradiol is connected with CD4+ T cell numbers and increases T-reg cell populations, affecting immune responses to infection. It is known that estradiol exerts a protective effect on endothelial function, activating the generation of nitric oxide (NO) via endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Estrogen attenuates the vasoconstrictor response to various stimuli and induces vasodilation in the pulmonary vasculature during stress situations like hypoxia. It exerts a variety of rapid actions, which are initiated after its coupling with membrane receptors, which in turn, may positively modulate vascular responses in pulmonary disease and help to maintain microvascular flow. Direct and indirect mechanisms underlying the effects of estradiol were investigated, and the results point to a possible protective effect of estradiol against COVID-19, indicating that it may be considered as an adjuvant therapeutic element for the treatment of patients affected by the novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32418781, "pmcid": "PMC7211673", "title": "COVID-19 and Gynecomastia: What is the Relationship?", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Kazemi, Mohamad Ali", "Hemmati, Samira", "Moradi, Behnaz", "Sharifian, Hashem", "Firooznia, Kavous", "Nikravangolsefid, Nasrin"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418781", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283100, "pmcid": "PMC7151253", "title": "AGA Clinical Practice Update on Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Expert Commentary.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Rubin, David T", "Feuerstein, Joseph D", "Wang, Andrew Y", "Cohen, Russell D"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283100", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Clinical Practice Update was to rapidly review the emerging evidence and provide timely expert recommendations regarding the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This expert commentary was commissioned and approved by the AGA Institute Clinical Practice Updates Committee and the AGA Governing Board to provide timely perspective on a topic of high clinical importance to the AGA membership, and underwent internal peer review by the Clinical Practice Updates Committee and external peer review through standard procedures of Gastroenterology."}, {"pmid": 32361209, "pmcid": "PMC7179484", "title": "Psychological impact of coronavirus outbreak on borderline personality disorder from the perspective of mentalizing model: A case report.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Chong, Seng Choi"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361209", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350576, "pmcid": "PMC7189008", "title": "COVID-19 crisis: an extraordinary time for collaboration and science-a call for leadership, now and beyond.", "journal": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "authors": ["Spalding, Tim", "Karlsson, Jon", "Hirschmann, Michael T", "Becker, Roland", "Musahl, Volker"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350576", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498581, "title": "Relationship between pregnancy and coronavirus: what we know.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Forestieri, Stefano", "Marcialis, Maria Antonietta", "Migliore, Lucia", "Panisi, Cristina", "Fanos, Vassilios"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498581", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The identification in China in December 2019 of a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) immediately rekindled the spotlight on a problem also addressed in the past during the epidemics of SARS in 2002-2003 and MERS in 2012: the implications of a possible infection during pregnancy, both for pregnant women and for fetuses and infants. Pregnancy is characterized by some changes involving both the immune system and the pulmonary physiology, exposing the pregnant woman to a greater susceptibility to viral infections and more serious complications. The objective of this review is therefore to analyze the relationship between pregnancy and known coronaviruses, with particular reference to SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32529418, "title": "The Potential Role of Smartphone-Based Microfluidic Systems for Rapid Detection of COVID-19 Using Saliva Specimen.", "journal": "Mol Diagn Ther", "authors": ["Farshidfar, Nima", "Hamedani, Shahram"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529418", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401226, "title": "COVID-19 infection during pregnancy: fetus as a patient deserves more attention.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Stefanovic, Vedran"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401226", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is causing concern also for the management and outcome of COVID-19-positive pregnant women and their offspring, as reported cases are rare. Current evidence suggests the association of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy with both severe maternal morbidity requiring intensive care and perinatal complications (preterm birth with consequent neonatal morbidity and even perinatal death). Most of the reported cases focused specifically on the maternal outcomes and possible vertical transmission, but less attention has been paid to fetus as a patient in such pregnancies. The use of antenatal steroids and fetal neuroprotection with magnesium sulfate is clearly underreported. Several recently issued guidelines suggest lowering the upper gestational age for antenatal steroid administration and also advocate extreme caution or even restraining from the use of magnesium sulfate. Also, the rate of cesarean deliveries among COVID-19 women is unacceptably high. Here we provide arguments for NOT changing the existing guidelines and caution against cesarean delivery that was the prevalent delivery mode in the reported cases and case series."}, {"pmid": 32393503, "pmcid": "PMC7219629", "title": "COVID-19: a danger and an opportunity for the future of general practice.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Marshall, Martin", "Howe, Amanda", "Howsam, Gary", "Mulholland, Michael", "Leach, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393503", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291244, "pmcid": "PMC7128943", "title": "Travel health risk perceptions of Chinese international students in Australia - Implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis Health", "authors": ["Ma, Tara", "Heywood, Anita", "MacIntyre, C Raina"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291244", "countries": ["China", "Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "International students frequently return to their country of origin to visit friends and relatives (VFR), and are at increased risk of travel-associated infections. Little is known of their travel health seeking behaviours. China is the biggest source of international students studying in Australia and the unprecedented epidemic of COVID-19 in China makes this an important area of research. Focus groups of Chinese international students were conducted to explore travel health-related knowledge, attitudes and practices. Eligible participants were studying in Sydney, and had travelled to China and Hong Kong to visit friends and relatives in the preceding 18 months. A variety of topics were explored, using a focus group guide. Thematic analysis was undertaken on the transcripts using nVivo software. The list of codes and themes were not pre-determined but developed through content analysis. Two focus groups were held with a total of 28 participants. Risk perception about VFR travel was generally low among Chinese international students. Pre-travel healthcare was not sought. Students strongly relied on the Internet, social media, parents and friends in China for travel health advice. This research provides insights into Chinese international students as VFR travellers. It confirms students could be a risk population for importations of infections such as COVID-19 because of low risk perception and lack of seeking travel health advice. This can inform health promotion strategies for students."}, {"pmid": 32433907, "title": "Large Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease among Wedding Attendees, Jordan.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yusef, Dawood", "Hayajneh, Wail", "Awad, Samah", "Momany, Suleiman", "Khassawneh, Basheer", "Samrah, Shaher", "Obeidat, Basil", "Raffee, Liqaa", "Al-Faouri, Ibrahim", "Issa, Ali Bani", "Al Zamel, Heba", "Bataineh, Enas", "Qdaisat, Reem"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433907", "countries": ["Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, a wedding in Jordan led to a large outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We collected data on 350 wedding attendees, 76 who of whom developed COVID-19. Our study shows high communicability of COVID-19 and the enormous risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 virus transmission during mass gatherings."}, {"pmid": 32519383, "title": "Medical students' preference for returning to the clinical setting during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Compton, Scott", "Sarraf-Yazdi, Shiva", "Rustandy, Felicia", "Kumar Radha Krishna, Lalit"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519383", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has led to widespread disruptions in the clinical education of medical students. In managing students' return to the clinical setting, medical schools face the challenge of balancing education, service, and risk considerations. To compound this challenge, medical students may prefer not to re-enter during a period of great uncertainty, leading to substantive downstream sequelae on individual, institutional, and national levels. Understanding students' views on resuming clinical experiences, therefore, is an important consideration. The purpose of this study was to assess medical students' preference for re-entering the clinical setting during a pandemic, and to explore personal and environmental characteristics associated with that preference. We conducted an electronic survey of currently enrolled medical students of Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore, less than a month into the pandemic. Survey items were aligned with a conceptual framework related to medical students' preference for returning to the clinical setting. The framework consisted of three domains: 1) non-modifiable demographic information, 2) factors thought to be modifiable through the course of medical education, including burnout, tolerance for ambiguity, motivation, and professionalism, and 3) students' perception of Covid-19 infection risk to self. Approximately one third of 179 students preferred not to return to the clinical setting. Results of a multivariable analysis indicated that compared to this group, the two-thirds of students favouring return showed evidence of greater autonomous (or internal) motivation, a greater sense of professional responsibility, and a lower self-perception of harbouring risk to patients. Students' preference regarding return to the clinical environment stems from the interplay of several key factors, and is substantively associated with perceptions of professional responsibility and their own potential risk to the healthcare system. Mindfully considering and addressing these issues may help medical schools in their preparation for returning students to the clinical setting."}, {"pmid": 32268352, "pmcid": "PMC7184410", "title": "COVID-19: the perspective of Italian embryologists managing the IVF laboratory in pandemic emergency.", "journal": "Hum Reprod", "authors": ["De Santis, Lucia", "Anastasi, Attilio", "Cimadomo, Danilo", "Klinger, Francesca Gioia", "Licata, Emanuele", "Pisaturo, Valerio", "Sosa Fernandez, Laura", "Scarica, Catello"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268352", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475368, "title": "Mental Health and the COVID19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Gavin, Blanaid", "Lyne, John", "McNicholas, Fiona"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475368", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic we have witnessed the greatest global challenge in a generation. The full extent of the mental health impact is, as yet, unknown, but is anticipated to be severe and enduring. In this Special Issue dedicated to mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic, we aim to lay the foundation for an improved understanding of how COVID-19 is affecting mental health services both in Ireland and globally. This Special Issue highlights how the mental health effects of COVID-19 stretch to almost every element of society. The issue includes perspectives from several countries across multiple disciplines and healthcare settings. The drive for rapid innovation and service development is clearly evident throughout, and provides hope that by working collaboratively we can positively impact population mental health in the months and years ahead."}, {"pmid": 32233753, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Do Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Have a Biphasic Effect?", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Sommerstein, Rami", "Kochen, Michael M", "Messerli, Franz H", "Grani, Christoph"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233753", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198267, "title": "Covid-19 fatality is likely overestimated.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Niforatos, Joshua D", "Melnick, Edward R", "Faust, Jeremy S"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198267", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358556, "title": "Coronavirus in context: Scite.ai tracks positive and negative citations for COVID-19 literature.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Khamsi, Roxanne"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358556", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483428, "pmcid": "PMC7254986", "title": "Optimizing use of theranostic nanoparticles as a life-saving strategy for treating COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Theranostics", "authors": ["Itani, Rasha", "Tobaiqy, Mansour", "Al Faraj, Achraf"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483428", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On the 30th of January 2020, the World Health Organization fired up the sirens against a fast spreading infectious disease caused by a newly discovered Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and gave this disease the name COVID-19. While there is currently no specific treatment for COVID-19, several off label drugs approved for other indications are being investigated in clinical trials across the globe. In the last decade, theranostic nanoparticles were reported as promising tool for efficiently and selectively deliver therapeutic moieties (i.e. drugs, vaccines, siRNA, peptide) to target sites of infection. In addition, they allow monitoring infectious sides and treatment responses using noninvasive imaging modalities. While intranasal delivery was proposed as the preferred administration route for therapeutic agents against viral pulmonary diseases, NP-based delivery systems offer numerous benefits to overcome challenges associated with mucosal administration, and ensure that these agents achieve a concentration that is many times higher than expected in the targeted sites of infection while limiting side effects on normal cells. In this article, we have shed light on the promising role of nanoparticles as effective carriers for therapeutics or immune modulators to help in fighting against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32488827, "pmcid": "PMC7265665", "title": "The Faith Community and the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: Part of the Problem or Part of the Solution?", "journal": "J Relig Health", "authors": ["Levin, Jeff"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488827", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a critical moment in time for institutional religion in the USA and throughout the world. Individual clergy and congregations, across faith traditions, have been sources of misinformation and disinformation, promoting messages and actions that engender fear, animosity toward others, and unnecessary risk-taking. But there is a positive role for religion and faith-based institutions here, and many examples of leaders and organizations stepping up to contribute to the collective recovery. Personal faith and spirituality may be a source of host resistance and resilience. Religiously sponsored medical care institutions are vital to health care response efforts. Ministries and faith-based organizations are source of religious health assets that can help to meet community-wide needs. There is a pastoral role for clergy and laypeople who are instrumental in providing comfort and strength to the suffering and fearful in our midst. The outbreak presents an ethical challenge to all of us to step outside of our own preoccupations and to be present and of service for others. This includes having the courage to represent the highest values of our faith in speaking out against religiously motivated foolishness and hatred and in calling for political and public health leaders to be truthful and transparent in their messages to us."}, {"pmid": 32311696, "pmcid": "PMC7206353", "title": "Comment on \"Should COVID-19 Concern Nephrologists? Why and to What Extent? The Emerging Impasse of Angiotensin Blockade\".", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Cure, Erkan", "Cumhur Cure, Medine"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311696", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459458, "title": "The urologist's role in the fight of COVID-19 pandemic: mandatory mindset shift on the frontline.", "journal": "Int Braz J Urol", "authors": ["Iscaife, Alexandre", "Marchini, Giovanni S", "Srougi, Victor", "Torricelli, Fabio C M", "Danilovic, Alexandre", "Vicentini, Fabio C", "Machado, Marcos", "Hisano, Marcelo", "Tiseo, Bruno C", "Bissoli, Julio C", "Cocuzza, Marcello", "Hallak, Jorge", "Srougi, Miguel", "Nahas, William C"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459458", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32252179, "pmcid": "PMC7136439", "title": "COVID-19.", "journal": "Int Neurourol J", "authors": ["Kim, Khae Hawn"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252179", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507030, "title": "The silent deaths of the elderly in long-term care facilities during the Covid-19 pandemic: The role of forensic pathology.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Cordasco, Fabrizio", "Scalise, Carmen", "Sacco, Matteo Antonio", "Bonetta, Carlo Filippo", "Zibetti, Angelica", "Cacciatore, Giulia", "Caputo, Fiorella", "Ricci, Pietrantonio", "Aquila, Isabella"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507030", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic is currently a major global public health problem. We know that the elderly and people with chronic diseases contract the infection more easily and they develop clinically more serious and often lethal forms. To date, the reasons for this have been generically attributed to old age and underlying diseases. Most Covid-19 deaths occurred in long-term care facilities because the residents are elderly people with chronic illness living in close contact. Therefore, facilities have become epidemic outbreaks. Forensic knowledge is very limited because an autopsy is rarely performed. Post-mortem investigations can help increase knowledge about Covid-19 and identify any undiagnosed pathologies in life. Therefore, forensic investigations play a role in protecting a frail population. Autopsies should be encouraged on elderly people who died of Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32363343, "pmcid": "PMC7184425", "title": "Infection prevention and control (IPC) for novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAC Antimicrob Resist", "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363343", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Graphical Abstract."}, {"pmid": 32391446, "pmcid": "PMC7205721", "title": "Noncontact endoscopy for infection-free gastric examination during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "VideoGIE", "authors": ["Pan, Jun", "Li, Zhaoshen", "Liao, Zhuan"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391446", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439716, "title": "ESMO Management and treatment adapted recommendations in the COVID-19 era: Breast Cancer.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["de Azambuja, Evandro", "Trapani, Dario", "Loibl, Sibylle", "Delaloge, Suzette", "Senkus, Elzbieta", "Criscitiello, Carmen", "Poortman, Philip", "Gnant, Michael", "Di Cosimo, Serena", "Cortes, Javier", "Cardoso, Fatima", "Paluch-Shimon, Shani", "Curigliano, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439716", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global preparedness and response to the rapid escalation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2-related disease (COVID-19) to a pandemic proportion has demanded the formulation of a reliable, useful and evidence-based mechanism for health services prioritisation, to achieve the highest quality standards of care to all patients. The prioritisation of high value cancer interventions must be embedded in the agenda for the pandemic response, ensuring that no inconsistency or discrepancy emerge in the health planning processes.The aim of this work is to organise health interventions for breast cancer management and research in a tiered framework (high, medium, low value), formulating a scheme of prioritisation per clinical cogency and intrinsic value or magnitude of benefit. The public health tools and schemes for priority setting in oncology have been used as models, aspiring to capture clinical urgency, value in healthcare, community goals and fairness, while respecting the principles of benevolence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice.We discuss the priority health interventions across the cancer continuum, giving a perspective on the role and meaning to maintain some services (undeferrable) while temporarily abrogate some others (deferrable). Considerations for implementation and the essential link to pre-existing health services, especially primary healthcare, are addressed, outlining a framework for the development of effective and functional services, such as telemedicine.The discussion covers the theme of health systems strategising, and why oncology care, in particular breast cancer care, should be maintained in parallel to pandemic control measures, providing a pragmatic clinical model within the broader context of public healthcare schemes."}, {"pmid": 32409976, "pmcid": "PMC7221337", "title": "Follow-up of skin lesions during the evolution of COVID-19: a case report.", "journal": "Arch Dermatol Res", "authors": ["de Medeiros, Vanessa Lucilia Silveira", "Silva, Lucas Fagundes Teixeira"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409976", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The disease caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) has many systemic manifestations affecting the upper airways, lungs, gastrointestinal tract and inducing hematological repercussions. With the evolution of the pandemic, skin lesions were observed. However, there is little information\u00a0about the evolution of the lesions at this moment. The authors report a case of a patient who had more than one exposure to the coronavirus during the evolution of the disease and manifested different types of edematous lesions. The lesions started in the prodromal period and changed their presentation and localization during the evolution of COVID-19. The lesions regressed quickly with the use of corticoid cream and antihistamine. Viral skin lesions are frequent causes of exanthema. However, viral etiology is not always investigated in acute urticarial and atypical erythematous-edematous conditions. The immunological basis of acute urticaria has points in common with COVID-19, justifying the appearance of lesions. Investigation of viral etiology should always be remembered in acute urticarial and edematous conditions."}, {"pmid": 32455089, "pmcid": "PMC7243063", "title": "A Review of Neurological Complications of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Sheraton, Mack", "Deo, Neha", "Kashyap, Rahul", "Surani, Salim"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455089", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2, a novel virus has shown an association with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. Initial retrospective studies emerging from China and France, as well as case reports from different parts of the world revealed a spectrum of neurological symptoms ranging from a simple headache to more serious encephalitis and\u00a0dysexecutive syndromes. Authors have tried to explain this neurotropism of the virus by comparing invasion mechanisms with prior epidemic coronavirus\u00a0like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).\u00a0Concrete evidence on those viruses has been limited. This review attempts to discuss various pathophysiological mechanisms as it relates to neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2. We will also discuss the\u00a0neurological manifestations seen in various retrospective studies, systemic reviews, and case reports."}, {"pmid": 32395220, "pmcid": "PMC7202347", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): a Case Report and Review of ABL Kinase Involvement in Viral Infection.", "journal": "Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Abruzzese, Elisabetta", "Luciano, Luigiana", "D'Agostino, Francesco", "Trawinska, Malgorzata Monika", "Pane, Fabrizio", "De Fabritiis, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395220", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379723, "title": "Molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in formalin fixed paraffin embedded specimens.", "journal": "JCI Insight", "authors": ["Liu, Jun", "Babka, April M", "Kearney, Brian J", "Radoshitzky, Sheli R", "Kuhn, Jens H", "Zeng, Xiankun"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379723", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The virus rapidly spread globally, resulting in a public-health crisis including more than 3.1 million cases and 224,000 deaths as of May 1, 2020. Here, we describe the identification and evaluation of commercially available reagents and assays for the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in infected formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) cell pellets. We identified a suitable rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS-CoV spike protein antibody and a mouse monoclonal anti-SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein (NP) antibody for cross detection of the respective SARS-CoV-2 proteins by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Next, we established RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Furthermore, we established a multiplex fluorescence ISH (mFISH) to detect positive-sense SARS-CoV-2 RNA and negative-sense SARS-CoV-2 RNA (a replicative intermediate indicating viral replication). Finally, we developed a dual staining assay using IHC and ISH to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigen and RNA in the same FFPE section. These reagents and assays will accelerate COVID-19 pathogenesis studies in humans and in COVID-19 animal models."}, {"pmid": 32449328, "pmcid": "PMC7246190", "title": "Seventy-two Hours, Targeting Time from First COVID-19 Symptom Onset to Hospitalization.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Na, Baeg Ju", "Park, Yoojin", "Huh, In Sil", "Kang, Cho Ryok", "Lee, Jaekyung", "Lee, Jin Yong"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508437, "pmcid": "PMC7269276", "title": "Coronavirus disease-2019: A brief compilation of facts.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Pathol", "authors": ["Saxena, Susmita"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508437", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455499, "title": "Late onset of acral necrosis after SARS-CoV-2 infection resolution.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Balestri, R", "Termine, S", "Rech, G", "Girardelli, C R"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455499", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 has been hypothesized as the aetiologic agent of CLL, on the basis of the temporal correlation between the \"burst\" of skin manifestations and the viral pandemic, even though we have scarce evidence of swab-confirmed infections. Authors have therefore suggested some pathogenetic mechanisms such as a delayed immune-mediated reaction to the virus in genetically-predisposed patients1 or an early IFN-I response in young patients, muting early viral replication but also inducing microangiopathic changes."}, {"pmid": 32311763, "pmcid": "PMC7264670", "title": "Off-Label Therapies for COVID-19-Are We All In This Together?", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Alpern, Jonathan D", "Gertner, Elie"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311763", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444876, "title": "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via close contact and respiratory droplets among hACE2 mice.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bao, Linlin", "Gao, Hong", "Deng, Wei", "Lv, Qi", "Yu, Haisheng", "Liu, Mingya", "Yu, Pin", "Liu, Jiangning", "Qu, Yajin", "Gong, Shuran", "Lin, Kaili", "Qi, Feifei", "Xu, Yanfeng", "Li, Fengli", "Xiao, Chong", "Xue, Jing", "Song, Zhiqi", "Xiang, Zhiguang", "Wang, Guanpeng", "Wang, Shunyi", "Liu, Xing", "Zhao, Wenjie", "Han, Yunlin", "Wei, Qiang", "Qin, Chuan"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444876", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We simulated three transmission modes including close contact, respiratory droplets and aerosol routes in labratory. SARS-CoV-2 can be highly transmitted among naive hACE2 mice via close contact because 7/13 naive hACE2 mice were SARS-CoV-2 antibodies seropositivity on 14 days after introduced into the same cage with 3 infected-hACE2 mice. For respiratory droplets, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from 3/10 naive hACE2 mice showed seropositivity on 14 days after introduced into the grids separated same cage from 3 infected-hACE2 mice. Additionally, hACE2 mice cannot be experimentally infected via aerosol inoculation until continued up to 25 min with high virus concentrations."}, {"pmid": 32202240, "title": "COVID-19, cytokines and immunosuppression: what can we learn from severe acute respiratory syndrome?", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Sarzi-Puttini, Piercarlo", "Giorgi, Valeria", "Sirotti, Silvia", "Marotto, Daniela", "Ardizzone, Sandro", "Rizzardini, Giuliano", "Antinori, Spinello", "Galli, Massimo"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202240", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A severe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in China in December 2019, and spread so rapidly that more than 200,000 cases have so far been reported worldwide; on January 30, 2020, the WHO declared it the sixth public health emergency of international concern. The two previously reported coronavirus epidemics (severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS] and Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS]) share similar pathogenetic, epidemiological and clinical features as COVID-19. As little is currently known about SARS-CoV-2, it is likely that lessons learned from these major epidemics can be applied to the new pandemic, including the use of novel immunosuppressive drugs."}, {"pmid": 32257772, "pmcid": "PMC7104689", "title": "Cross-Country Comparison of Case Fatality Rates of COVID-19/SARS-COV-2.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "authors": ["Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif", "Rahim, Fakher"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257772", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Case fatality rates (CFR) and recovery rates are important readouts during epidemics and pandemics. In this article, an international analysis was performed on the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Data were retrieved from accurate databases according to the user's guide of data sources for patient registries, CFR and recovery rates were calculated for each country. A comparison of CFR between countries with total cases \u2265 1,000 was observed for 12th and 23rd March. Italy's CFR was the highest of all countries studied for both time points (12th March, 6.22% versus 23rd March, 9.26%). The data showed that even though Italy was the only European country reported on 12rd March, Spain and France had the highest CFR of 6.16 and 4.21%, respectively, on 23rd March, which was strikingly higher than the overall CFR of 3.61%. Obtaining detailed and accurate medical history from COVID-19 patients, and analyzing CFR alongside the recovery rate, may enable the identification of the highest risk areas so that efficient medical care may be provided. This may lead to the development of point-of-care tools to help clinicians in stratifying patients based on possible requirements in the level of care, to increase the probabilities of survival from COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32283216, "pmcid": "PMC7151488", "title": "COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital from Romania: Epidemiology, preparedness and clinical challenges.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Popescu, Corneliu Petru", "Marin, Alexandru", "Melinte, Violeta", "Gherlan, George Sebastian", "Banicioiu, Filofteia Cojanu", "Dogaru, Adelina", "Smadu, Sebastian", "Veja, Ana Maria", "Nedu, Elena", "Stanciu, Delia", "Voinescu, Bianca", "Simion, Valentina", "Toderan, Andreea", "Dascalu, Amalia", "Oprisan, Corina", "Tardei, Gratiela", "Nica, Maria", "Ceausu, Emanoil", "Ruta, Simona Maria", "Florescu, Simin Aysel"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283216", "countries": ["Romania"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392007, "title": "[Respiratory complaints in the time of COVID-19].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Loogman, Masja C M", "de Jong, Nynke", "Platteel, Tamara N", "Bouma, Margriet", "Verheij, Theo J M", "Opstelten, Wim"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392007", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of primary respiratory infections are still useful during the COVID-19 epidemic.Telephone triage of patients with respiratory complaints aims to identify patients with complications or an increased risk of complications.There are no indications to test for SARS-CoV-2 virus in general practice.During this COVID-19 epidemic, protective clothing is recommended in all physical contacts with patients with respiratory complaints.There is no reason to be cautious about using NSAIDs in patients suspected of COVID-19.Amoxicillin is first choice treatment for respiratory infections during the COVID-19 epidemic; there is lack of evidence to support azithromycin as a first choice.Respiratory rate > 24 / min or saturation <92-94% indicate imminent respiratory decompensation and may be reasons for referral."}, {"pmid": 32409434, "title": "Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Thomas, George"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409434", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Concerns have been raised about the potential for renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors to upregulate expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and thus increase susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry. Currently, there is no evidence that even if RAS inhibitors increase expression and activity of ACE2, that they would increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by facilitating greater viral entry or worsen outcomes in patients with COVID-19. At this time, there is no clinical evidence to suggest that treatment with RAS inhibitors should be discontinued in stable patients with COVID-19. In hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, decisions about these medications should be based on clinical condition, including hemodynamic status and renal function."}, {"pmid": 32470608, "pmcid": "PMC7255196", "title": "Letter to the Editor Regarding 'Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Neurosurgery: Literature and Neurosurgical Societies Recommendations Update'.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Marini, Alessandra", "Iacoangeli, Maurizio", "Dobran, Mauro"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470608", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184216, "title": "Covid-19: Trump sought to buy vaccine developer exclusively for US, say German officials.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184216", "countries": ["United States", "Germany"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220208, "pmcid": "PMC7121761", "title": "Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility in King County, Washington.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["McMichael, Temet M", "Currie, Dustin W", "Clark, Shauna", "Pogosjans, Sargis", "Kay, Meagan", "Schwartz, Noah G", "Lewis, James", "Baer, Atar", "Kawakami, Vance", "Lukoff, Margaret D", "Ferro, Jessica", "Brostrom-Smith, Claire", "Rea, Thomas D", "Sayre, Michael R", "Riedo, Francis X", "Russell, Denny", "Hiatt, Brian", "Montgomery, Patricia", "Rao, Agam K", "Chow, Eric J", "Tobolowsky, Farrell", "Hughes, Michael J", "Bardossy, Ana C", "Oakley, Lisa P", "Jacobs, Jesica R", "Stone, Nimalie D", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Jernigan, John A", "Honein, Margaret A", "Clark, Thomas A", "Duchin, Jeffrey S"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220208", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Long-term care facilities are high-risk settings for severe outcomes from outbreaks of Covid-19, owing to both the advanced age and frequent chronic underlying health conditions of the residents and the movement of health care personnel among facilities in a region. After identification on February 28, 2020, of a confirmed case of Covid-19 in a skilled nursing facility in King County, Washington, Public Health-Seattle and King County, aided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, launched a case investigation, contact tracing, quarantine of exposed persons, isolation of confirmed and suspected cases, and on-site enhancement of infection prevention and control. As of March 18, a total of 167 confirmed cases of Covid-19 affecting 101 residents, 50 health care personnel, and 16 visitors were found to be epidemiologically linked to the facility. Most cases among residents included respiratory illness consistent with Covid-19; however, in 7 residents no symptoms were documented. Hospitalization rates for facility residents, visitors, and staff were 54.5%, 50.0%, and 6.0%, respectively. The case fatality rate for residents was 33.7% (34 of 101). As of March 18, a total of 30 long-term care facilities with at least one confirmed case of Covid-19 had been identified in King County. In the context of rapidly escalating Covid-19 outbreaks, proactive steps by long-term care facilities to identify and exclude potentially infected staff and visitors, actively monitor for potentially infected patients, and implement appropriate infection prevention and control measures are needed to prevent the introduction of Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32500549, "title": "Clinical update on COVID-19 in pregnancy: A review article.", "journal": "J Obstet Gynaecol Res", "authors": ["Ryean, Gillian A", "Purandare, Nikhil C", "McAuliffe, Fionnuala M", "Hod, Moshe", "Purandare, Chittaranjan N"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500549", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The data pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic has been rapidly evolving since the first confirmed case in December 2019. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current data in relation to COVID-19 and its effect on pregnant women, including symptoms, disease severity and the risk of vertical transmission. We also review the recommended management of pregnant women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and the various pharmacological agents that are being investigated and may have a role in the treatment of this disease. At present, it does not appear that pregnant women are at increased risk of severe infection than the general population, although there are vulnerable groups within both the pregnant and nonpregnant populations, and clinicians should be cognizant of these high-risk groups and manage them accordingly. Approximately 85% of women will experience mild disease, 10% more severe disease and 5% critical disease. The most common reported symptoms are fever, cough, shortness of breath and diarrhea. Neither vaginal delivery nor cesarean section confers additional risks, and there is minimal risk of vertical transmission to the neonate from either mode of delivery. We acknowledge that the true effect of the virus on both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality will only be evident over time. We also discuss the impact of social isolation can have on the mental health and well-being of both patients and colleagues, and as clinicians, we must be mindful of this and offer support as necessary."}, {"pmid": 32377462, "pmcid": "PMC7198075", "title": "COVID-19 Awareness Among Healthcare Students and Professionals in Mumbai Metropolitan Region: A Questionnaire-Based Survey.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Modi, Pranav D", "Nair, Girija", "Uppe, Abhay", "Modi, Janhavi", "Tuppekar, Balaji", "Gharpure, Amit S", "Langade, Deepak"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377462", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and objectives The rapid and extensive spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has become a major cause of concern for the healthcare profession. The aim of this study is to assess the awareness of COVID-19 disease and related infection control practices among\u00a0healthcare professionals and students in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. Materials and methods A total of 1562 responders from the Mumbai Metropolitan Region completed a questionnaire-based survey on the awareness, knowledge, and infection control practices related to COVID-19 infection in the healthcare setting. The questionnaire was adapted from the current interim guidance and information for healthcare workers published by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Convenient sampling method was used for data collection and the distribution of responses was presented as frequencies and percentages. Descriptive statistics were performed for all groups and subgroups based on the percentage of correct responses. Individual pairwise comparisons were done using the median test for the percentage of correct responses. Results The overall awareness for all subgroups was adequate with 71.2% reporting correct answers. The highest percentage of correct responses were from undergraduate medical students and the lowest was from non-clinical/administrative staff. Less than half of the total respondents could correctly define \"close contact.\"\u00a0More than three-fourths of the responders were aware of the various infection control measures like rapid triage, respiratory hygiene, and cough etiquette and having a separate, well ventilated waiting area for suspected COVID-19 patients. However, only 45.4% of the responders were aware of the correct sequence for the application of a mask/respirator, and only 52.5% of the responders were aware of the preferred hand hygiene method for visibly soiled hands. Conclusion There is a need for regular educational interventions and training programs on infection control practices for COVID-19 across all healthcare professions. Occupational health and safety are of paramount importance to minimize the risk of transmission to healthcare students and professionals and provide optimal care for patients."}, {"pmid": 32475169, "title": "COVID-19 and Diabetes: Could Diabetes Technology Research Help Pave the Way for Remote Healthcare?", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Fuchs, Julia", "Hovorka, Roman"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475169", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532356, "title": "Safety and efficacy assessment of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells to treat patients with severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Phase I / II).", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Ye, Qingsong", "Wang, Hua", "Xia, Xia", "Zhou, Chenliang", "Liu, Zhiming", "Xia, Zun-En", "Zhang, Zhan", "Zhao, Yang", "Yehenala, Jun", "Wang, Si", "Zhou, Gangqiao", "Hu, Ke", "Wu, Bin", "Wu, Chu-Tse", "Wang, Songling", "He, Yan"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532356", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the safety and therapeutic effects of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in treating severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19. This is a single centre, two arm ratio 1:1, triple blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, clinical trial. Twenty serious COVID-19 cases will be enrolled in the trial from April 6th to December 31st 2020. hospitalised patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University satisfy all criteria as below: 1)Adults aged 18-65 years;2)Voluntarily participate in this clinical trial and sign the \"informed consent form\" or have consent from a legal representative.3)Diagnosed with severe pneumonia of COVID-19: nucleic acid test SARS-CoV-2 positive; respiratory distress (respiratory rate > 30 times / min); hypoxia (resting oxygen saturation < 93% or arterial partial pressure of oxygen / oxygen concentration < 300 mmHg).4)COVID-19 featured lung lesions in chest X-ray image. Patients will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria. 1.Patients have received other experimental treatment for COVID-19 within the last 30 days;2.Patients have severe liver condition (e.g., Child Pugh score >=C or AST> 5 times of the upper limit);3.Patients with severe renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate <=30mL / min/1.73 m2) or patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis;4.Patients who are co-infected with HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, influenza virus, adenovirus or other respiratory infection viruses;5.Female patients who have no sexual protection in the last 30 days prior to the screening assessment;6.Pregnant or lactating women or women using estrogen contraception;7.Patients who are planning to become pregnant during the study period or within 6 months after the end of the study period;8.Other conditions that the researchers consider not suitable for participating in this clinical trial. There will be two study groups: experimental and control. Both will receive all necessary routine treatment for COVID-19. The experimental group will receive an intravenous injection of dental pulp stem cells suspension (3.0x107 human DPSCs in 30ml saline solution) on day 1, 4 and 7; The control group will receive an equal amount of saline (placebo) on the same days. Clinical and laboratory observations will be performed for analysis during a period of 28 days for each case since the commencement of the study. 1. Primary outcome The primary outcome is Time To Clinical Improvement (TTCI). By definition, TTCI is the time (days) it takes to downgrade two levels from the following six ordered grades [(grade 1) discharge to (grade 6) death] in the clinical state of admission to the start of study treatments (hDPSCs or placebo). Six grades of ordered variables: GradeDescriptionGrade 1:Discharged of patient;Grade 2:Hospitalized without oxygen supplement;Grade 3:Hospitalized, oxygen supplement is required, but NIV / HFNC is not required;Grade 4:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, and NIV / HFNC treatment is required;Grade 5:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, requiring ECMO and/or IMV;Grade 6:Death. NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; HFNC, high-flow nasal catheter; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation. 2. Secondary outcomes 2.1 vital signs: heart rate, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure). During the screening period, hospitalization every day (additional time points of D1, D4, D7 30min before injection, 2h \u00b1 30min, 24h \u00b1 30min after the injection) and follow-up period D90 \u00b1 3 days. 2.2 Laboratory examinations: during the screening period, 30 minutes before D1, D4, D7 infusion, 2h \u00b1 30min, 24h \u00b1 30min after the end of infusion, D10, D14, D28 during hospitalization or discharge day and follow-up period D90 \u00b1 3 days. 2.3 Blood routine: white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils Acidic granulocyte count, basophil count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells, average red blood cell Hb content, average red blood cell Hb concentration, RDW standard deviation, RDW coefficient of variation, platelet count, platelet specific platelet average Volume, platelet distribution width,% of large platelets; 2.4 Liver and kidney function tests: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, \u03b3-glutamyl transferase, prealbumin, total protein, albumin, globulin, white / globule ratio , Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholinesterase, urea, creatinine, total carbon dioxide, uric acid glucose, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, corrected calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product, anion gap, penetration Pressure, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate. 2.5 Inflammation indicators: hypersensitive C-reactive protein, serum amyloid (SAA); 2.6 Infectious disease testing: Hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb), Hepatitis C (Anti-HCV), AIDS (HIVcombin), syphilis (Anti-TP), cytomegalovirus CMV-IgM, cytomegalovirus CMV-IgG; only during the screening period and follow-up period D90 \u00b1 3. 2.7 Immunological testing: Collect peripheral blood to detect the phenotype of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, natural killer cell, Macrophage and neutrophil by using flow cytometry. Collect peripheral blood to detect the gene profile of mononuclear cells by using single-cell analyses. Collect peripheral blood serum to detect various immunoglobulin changes: IgA, IgG, IgM, total IgE; Collect peripheral blood serum to explore the changes of cytokines, Th1 cytokines (IL-1 \u03b2, IL-2, TNF-a, ITN-\u03b3), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL -10). 2.8 Pregnancy test: blood \u03b2-HCG, female subjects before menopause are examined during the screening period and follow-up period D90 \u00b1 3. 2.9 Urine routine: color, clarity, urine sugar, bilirubin, ketone bodies, specific gravity, pH, urobilinogen, nitrite, protein, occult blood, leukocyte enzymes, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells , Transparent cast, pathological cast, crystal, fungus; 2.10 Stool Routine: color, traits, white blood cells, red blood cells, fat globules, eggs of parasites, fungi, occult blood (chemical method), occult blood (immune method), transferrin (2h \u00b1 30min after the injection and not detected after discharge). Block randomization method will be applied by computer to allocate the participants into experimental and control groups. The random ratio is 1:1. Participants, outcomes assessors and investigators (including personnel in laboratory and imaging department who issue the sample report or image observations) will be blinded. Injections of cell suspension and saline will be coded in accordance with the patient's randomisation group. The blind strategy is kept by an investigator who does not deliver the medical care or assess primary outcome results. Twenty participants will be randomized to the experimental and control groups (10 per group). Protocol version number, hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 Version 2.0, March 13, 2020. Patients screening commenced on 16th April and an estimated date of the recruitment of the final participants will be around end of July. . Registration: World Health Organization Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031319; March 27,2020. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04336254; April 7, 2020 Other Study ID Numbers: hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32429249, "title": "Update for Anaesthetists on Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients and Relevant Management.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Preckel, Benedikt", "Schultz, Marcus J", "Vlaar, Alexander P", "Hulst, Abraham H", "Hermanides, Jeroen", "de Jong, Menno D", "Schlack, Wolfgang S", "Stevens, Markus F", "Weenink, Robert P", "Hollmann, Markus W"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429249", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When preparing for the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19) questions arose regarding various aspects concerning the anaesthetist. When reviewing the literature it became obvious that keeping up-to-date with all relevant publications is almost impossible. We searched for and summarised clinically relevant topics that could help making clinical decisions. This is a subjective analysis of literature concerning specific topics raised in our daily practice (e.g., clinical features of COVID-19 patients; ventilation of the critically ill COVID-19 patient; diagnostic of infection with SARS-CoV-2; stability of the virus; Covid-19 in specific patient populations, e.g., paediatrics, immunosuppressed patients, patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, kidney or liver disease; co-medication with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); antiviral treatment) and we believe that these answers help colleagues in clinical decision-making. With ongoing treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients other questions will come up. While respective guidelines on these topics will serve clinicians in clinical practice, regularly updating all guidelines concerning COVID-19 will be a necessary, although challenging task in the upcoming weeks and months. All recommendations during the current extremely rapid development of knowledge must be evaluated on a daily basis, as suggestions made today may be out-dated with the new evidence available tomorrow."}, {"pmid": 32242126, "title": "Safeguard research in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242126", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311755, "pmcid": "PMC7264531", "title": "Editorial: low population mortality from COVID-19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Rhodes, Jonathan M", "Subramanian, Sreedhar", "Laird, Eamon", "Kenny, Rose A"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474583, "title": "In Reply: COVID-19: An Argument for Rapid Access to Laboratory Data Warehouses.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Jackups, Ronald"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474583", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327763, "pmcid": "PMC7177118", "title": "Are your cash-flow tools recession ready?", "journal": "Bus Horiz", "authors": ["Mullins, John"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327763", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In good times like those most businesses have enjoyed for the past decade, business owners have typically watched their income statements with pleasure, as year-to-year performance gains have fattened their dividend payouts and increased the valuation of the companies they own and run. All too often in such times, scant attention is paid to what's between the top line and the bottom line of the income statement. Worse, most business owners, in my experience, give little more than a cursory nod to the balance sheet. Why does this matter? When a recession lands on their doorstep with a sudden thud, as it apparently just has, many of these same people will find themselves having sailed too close to the wind, with cash running out and a dearth of tools to help them weather the storm and understand what has gone wrong. But it need not be so, for there are four simple tools to help any business owner answer these four important questions: (1) Where is cash going in my business, and where is it coming from? (2) To what extent are my profit margins improving or declining, and why? (3) To what extent am I effectively managing the cash-flow relationships with my customers and my suppliers? (4) What, if anything, can I do to better manage the cash that flows into and out of my business? If your business is threatened by the COVID-19 pandemic, here are some tools to help it survive."}, {"pmid": 32463735, "title": "Iran Without Mandatory Quarantine and with Social Distancing Strategy Against Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Abdi, Milad", "Mirzaei, Rasoul"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463735", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31996494, "title": "Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Lu, Hongzhou"], "date": "2020-01-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31996494", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of January 22, 2020, a total of 571 cases of the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) have been reported in 25 provinces (districts and cities) in China. At present, there is no vaccine or antiviral treatment for human and animal coronavirus, so that identifying the drug treatment options as soon as possible is critical for the response to the 2019-nCoV outbreak. Three general methods, which include existing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs using standard assays, screening of a chemical library containing many existing compounds or databases, and the redevelopment of new specific drugs based on the genome and biophysical understanding of individual coronaviruses, are used to discover the potential antiviral treatment of human pathogen coronavirus. Lopinavir /Ritonavir, Nucleoside analogues, Neuraminidase inhibitors, Remdesivir, peptide (EK1), abidol, RNA synthesis inhibitors (such as TDF, 3TC), anti-inflammatory drugs (such as hormones and other molecules), Chinese traditional medicine, such ShuFengJieDu Capsules and Lianhuaqingwen Capsule, could be the drug treatment options for 2019-nCoV. However, the efficacy and safety of these drugs for 2019- nCoV still need to be further confirmed by clinical experiments."}, {"pmid": 32376587, "pmcid": "PMC7167318", "title": "[Conducting clinical studies during the epidemics of communicable diseases: perspectives of methodology and health economics].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Gong, Mengchun", "Liu, Li", "Wu, Chen", "Yang, Yue", "Shen, Yang", "Li, Jie", "Lin, Kaicheng", "Guo, Yi", "Wei, Hongyun", "Xu, Zeyu", "Zhu, Hong"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376587", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the setting of epidemics of communicable diseases, early initiation of epidemiological and clinical data collection and analysis and conducting relevant researches are essential to the success of epidemic containment. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), starting initially as an epidemic in China in late 2019 and now becoming a pandemic globally, poses grave challenges to the global health care systems while also provides an opportunity for studying infectious diseases in the perspective of methodology. The authors propose the evaluation methods for case reports, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), real-world evidence studies and health economics researches during an epidemic. Case reports, which are of important value for health care workers during outbreaks of infectious diseases, should be written in standard format and style and published following a strict peer review process. RCTs provides the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of a given treatment for the patients from the outbreaks. We review the potential challenges faced in conducting RCTs during the outbreaks. The real-world data collected from the cases in designated hospitals allow the verification of the safety and effectiveness of the intervention measures. The data from health economics research also provide important support for optimizing communicable disease prevention and control strategies. Herein we summarize the health economics research methods, study design, and technical points during the outbreaks. We recommend that clinical research and health economics research be incorporated into the prevention and control plan and measures be taken to ensure both the standards and feasibility of these studies to improve the response capacity against outbreaks of communicable diseases."}, {"pmid": 32524618, "title": "Abdominal pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Damiani, Gianluca R", "Biffi, Anna", "Del Boca, Gregorio", "Arezzo, Francesca"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524618", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Abdominal pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy with an incidence of 1:10\u00a0000 to 1:30\u00a0000 women. Several different locations have been reported, including the pouch of Douglas, pelvic sidewall, bowel, broad ligament, omentum, and spleen. Most abdominal pregnancies are diagnosed after presenting with various complications; however, in a few cases it may remain asymptomatic and is rarely established before surgery. Institutional Review Board approval was not required for this case report; written informed consent was obtained."}, {"pmid": 32458588, "pmcid": "PMC7267078", "title": "Teledermatologic monitoring for chronic cutaneous autoimmune diseases with smartworking during Covid-19 emergency in a tertiary center in Italy.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Brunasso, Alexandra Maria Giovanna", "Massone, Cesare"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458588", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Because of the COVID-19 emergency, on March 9, 2020 Italy went in lock-down imposing the closure of non-urgent outpatient clinics devoted to care of chronic, severe, inflammatory skin diseases that require periodic follow-up. In this emergency situation, due to the lack of a teledermatology platform and in order not to leave our vulnerable high-need patients without proper follow-up, we started a teledermatologic service in smartworking using phone calls and emails. The total number of patients scheduled was 195; in 12 cases we were not able to talk to the patients. Remote monitoring was performed in 183 patients (126 moderate to severe psoriasis, 10 severe acne, 11 severe atopic dermatitis, 11 hidradenitis suppurativa, 9 blistering autoimmune diseases, 16 other autoimmune skin diseases). During remote-visits several interventions were conducted: triage for COVID-19 suspected symptoms, email check of clinical pictures and of laboratory examinations, advices for topical and systemic therapy continuation or discontinuation/switch and re-schedule of next appointment. Only 5 patients required personal office visit (2.6%), reducing consistently the number of face-to face visits. Our real-life experience shows that remote monitoring was effective in preventing unnecessary worsening of severe chronic skin diseases and poor outcomes due to withdrawal of current therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32400020, "pmcid": "PMC7272893", "title": "COVID-19 and implications for thiopurine use.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Goodsall, Thomas M", "Costello, Samuel P", "Bryant, Robert V"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400020", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302082, "pmcid": "PMC7182017", "title": "Guillain-Barre Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Toscano, Gianpaolo", "Palmerini, Francesco", "Ravaglia, Sabrina", "Ruiz, Luigi", "Invernizzi, Paolo", "Cuzzoni, M Giovanna", "Franciotta, Diego", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Daturi, Rossana", "Postorino, Paolo", "Cavallini, Anna", "Micieli, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302082", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347661, "pmcid": "PMC7267405", "title": "Redefining Pathways into Acute Rehabilitation during the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "PM R", "authors": ["Gitkind, Andrew I", "Levin, Sheryl", "Dohle, Carolin", "Herbold, Janet", "Thomas, Mark", "Oh-Park, Mooyeon", "Bartels, Matthew N"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347661", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated drastic changes across the spectrum of health care, all of which have occurred with unprecedented rapidity. The need to accommodate change on such a large scale has required ingenuity and decisive thinking. The field of physical medicine and rehabilitation has been faced with many of these challenges. Healthcare practitioners in New York City, the epicenter of the pandemic in the United States, were among the first to encounter many of these challenges. One of the largest lessons included learning how to streamline admissions and transfer process into an acute rehabilitation hospital as part of a concerted effort to make acute care hospital beds available as quickly as possible."}, {"pmid": 32270054, "pmcid": "PMC7136478", "title": "Hospital biopreparedness in the Looming Presence of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Sci Rep", "authors": ["Popescu, Saskia"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270054", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383831, "pmcid": "PMC7233187", "title": "Collateral Effect of Covid-19 on Stroke Evaluation in the United States.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Kansagra, Akash P", "Goyal, Manu S", "Hamilton, Scott", "Albers, Gregory W"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383831", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32180426, "title": "An Analysis of 38 Pregnant Women with COVID-19, Their Newborn Infants, and Maternal-Fetal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal Coronavirus Infections and Pregnancy Outcomes.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Schwartz, David A"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32180426", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of a novel coronavirus, termed SARS-CoV-2, and the potentially life-threating respiratory disease that it can produce, COVID-19, has rapidly spread across the globe creating a massive public health problem. Previous epidemics of many emerging viral infections have typically resulted in poor obstetrical outcomes including maternal morbidity and mortality, maternal-fetal transmission of the virus, and perinatal infections and death. This communication reviews the effects of two previous coronavirus infections - severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by MERS-CoV - on pregnancy outcomes. In addition, it analyzes literature describing 38 pregnant women with COVID-19 and their newborns in China to assess the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the mothers and infants including clinical, laboratory and virologic data, and the transmissibility of the virus from mother to fetus. This analysis reveals that unlike coronavirus infections of pregnant women caused by SARS and MERS, in these 38 pregnant women COVID-19 did not lead to maternal deaths. Importantly, and similar to pregnancies with SARS and MERS, there were no confirmed cases of intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mothers with COVID-19 to their fetuses. All neonatal specimens tested, including in some cases placentas, were negative by rt-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. At this point in the global pandemic of COVID-19 infection there is no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 undergoes intrauterine or transplacental transmission from infected pregnant women to their fetuses. Analysis of additional cases is necessary to determine if this remains true."}, {"pmid": 32380230, "pmcid": "PMC7198428", "title": "Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental well-being amongst individuals in society- A letter to the editor on \"The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic: A review\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Alradhawi, Mohammad", "Shubber, Nour", "Sheppard, Jack", "Ali, Yousif"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380230", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305506, "pmcid": "PMC7161528", "title": "Renin-angiotensin system at the heart of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Biochimie", "authors": ["Alifano, Marco", "Alifano, Pietro", "Forgez, Patricia", "Iannelli, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305506", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Significant aspects of COVID-19 pandemic remain obscure. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a component of the renin-angiotensin system, whose expression dominates on lung alveolar epithelial cells, is the human cell receptor of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. We strongly encourage the concept that thorough considerations of receptor-ligand interactions should be kept at the heart of scientific debate on infection. In this idea, the whole renin-angiotensin system has to be evaluated. We hypothesize that factors related to ethnicity, environment, behaviors, associated illness, and medications involving this complex system are probably responsible for situations regarded as anomalous from both an epidemiological and a clinical point of view, but, taken together, such factors may explain most of the aspects of current outbreak. We decided to use the analogy of a play and speculate about the possible impact in this tragedy of 1) air pollution via the interference of nitrogen dioxide on ACE2 expression; 2) the dual role of nicotine; 3) the hypothetical involvement of ACE2 polymorphisms, the relationships of which with ethnic factors and susceptibility to cardiovascular disease seems intriguing; 4) the impact on the severity of infection of hypertension and related medications acting on the renin/angiotensin system, and, finally, 5) the possible helpful role of chloroquine, thanks to its capacity of modifying ACE2 affinity to the viral spike protein by altering glycosylation. This hypothesis paper is an urgent call for the development of research programs that aim at questioning whether the putative protagonists of this tragedy are real-life actors in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32528774, "pmcid": "PMC7282362", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Renal Transplant Patient.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Chenna, Avantika", "Konala, Venu Madhav", "Gayam, Vijay", "Naramala, Srikanth", "Adapa, Sreedhar"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528774", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Transplant patients are particularly at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 because of their immunosuppressed state, and they have the propensity to develop opportunistic infections. The pre-immunosuppressed state, along with other existing comorbidities, can influence the outcomes of COVID-19 in transplant patients. We describe a case of a renal transplant patient who developed COVID-19. Real-time nucleic acid testing (NAT) should be done in deceased and living donors. The most common management strategy is the modification of immunosuppression along with current experimental strategies for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32431849, "pmcid": "PMC7231563", "title": "Nationwide system to centralize decisions around extracorporeal membranous oxygenation use for severe COVID-19 pneumonia in Japan.", "journal": "Acute Med Surg", "authors": ["Takeda, Shinhiro"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431849", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342678, "pmcid": "PMC7189076", "title": "Management of ovarian cancer patients in affected areas during COVID-19 pandemic: Japan and Korea.", "journal": "J Gynecol Oncol", "authors": ["Kobayashi, Yusuke", "Suh, Dong Hoon", "Aoki, Daisuke", "Kim, Jae Weon"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342678", "countries": ["Japan", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386011, "title": "Imaging examination, diagnosis, and control and prevention of nosocomial infection for coronavirus disease 2019: Expert consensus of Hunan radiologist.", "journal": "Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Liu, JinKang", "Wang, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386011", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a huge threat to global public health because it develops rapidly. There is no specific treatment so far. Chest imaging examination is an important auxiliary examination method in diagnosis of COVID-19. To further standardize the imaging examination and diagnosis of COVID-19, Hunan Society of Radiology together with Imaging Technology Professional Committee of Hunan Medical Association reach an expert consensus document on imaging examination, diagnosis, and control and prevention of nosocomial infection for COVID-19. This document summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, imaging examination procedure, imaging findings, CT staging, the value of imaging examination, and the methods for control and prevention of nosocomial infection for COVID-19 during imaging examination. Furthermore, it extends the clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of COVID-19 in children."}, {"pmid": 32366499, "title": "Covid-19: skin damage with prolonged wear of FFP3 masks.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Payne, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366499", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360423, "pmcid": "PMC7252065", "title": "Malaria prophylaxis approach during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Valero, Natalia", "Vera, Isabel", "Torralvo, Montse Roldan", "De Alba, Teresa", "Ferrer, Elisabeth", "Camprubi, Daniel", "Almuedo Riera, Alex", "Gallego, Ruth Sotil", "Muelas, Magdalena", "Pinazo, Maria Jesus", "Munoz, Jose"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360423", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246918, "pmcid": "PMC7186549", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic in west Africa.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Martinez-Alvarez, Melisa", "Jarde, Alexander", "Usuf, Effua", "Brotherton, Helen", "Bittaye, Mustapha", "Samateh, Ahmadou L", "Antonio, Martin", "Vives-Tomas, Joan", "D'Alessandro, Umberto", "Roca, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246918", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249952, "title": "An analysis of spatiotemporal pattern for COIVD-19 in China based on space-time cube.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Mo, Chunbao", "Tan, Dechan", "Mai, Tingyu", "Bei, Chunhua", "Qin, Jian", "Pang, Weiyi", "Zhang, Zhiyong"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249952", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study seeks to examine and analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks and identify the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and changing trends of cases. Hence, local outlier analysis and emerging spatiotemporal hot spot analysis were performed to analyze the spatiotemporal clustering pattern and cold/hot spot trends of COVID-19 cases based on space-time cube during the period from 23 January 2020 to 24 February 2020. The main findings are as follows: (1) The outbreak had spread rapidly throughout the country within a short time and the current totality incidence rate has decreased. (2) The spatiotemporal distribution of cases was uneven. In terms of the spatiotemporal clustering pattern, Wuhan and Shiyan city were the center as both cities had high-high clustering pattern with a surrounding unstable multiple-type pattern in partial areas of Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, and Hunan provinces, and Chongqing city. Those regions are continuously in the hot spot on the spatiotemporal tendency. (3) The spatiotemporal analysis technology based on the space-time cube can analyze comprehensively the spatiotemporal pattern of epidemiological data and produce a visual output of the consequences, which can reflect intuitively the distribution and trend of data in space-time. Therefore, the Chinese government should strengthen the prevention and control efforts in a targeted manner to cope with a highly changeable situation."}, {"pmid": 32505634, "title": "\"Strategic cardiac catheterization lab staffing in the era of COVID-19\".", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Green, Kerrin M", "Lutchmedial, Sohrab R"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505634", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201338, "pmcid": "PMC7156210", "title": "Lack of SARS-CoV-2 RNA environmental contamination in a tertiary referral hospital for infectious diseases in Northern Italy.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Colaneri, Marta", "Seminari, Elena", "Piralla, Antonio", "Zuccaro, Valentina", "Filippo, Alessandro Di", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Mondelli, Mario U"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201338", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315390, "pmcid": "PMC7188121", "title": "Rapid detection of COVID-19 coronavirus using a reverse transcriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) diagnostic platform.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Yu, Lin", "Wu, Shanshan", "Hao, Xiaowen", "Dong, Xue", "Mao, Lingling", "Pelechano, Vicent", "Chen, Wei-Hua", "Yin, Xiushan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315390", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332319, "pmcid": "PMC7268872", "title": "18F-FDG PET/CT and Serial Chest CT Findings in a COVID-19 Patient With Dynamic Clinical Characteristics in Different Period.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Liu, Chunbao", "Zhou, Jun", "Xia, Liang", "Cheng, Xiaojie", "Lu, Diyu"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332319", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neurological symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms were rare at onset in COVID-19. Here we report a 37-year-old man with vertigo, fever, and diarrhea symptoms as the first manifestation. F-FDG PET/CT spotted multiple ground glass opacity (GGO) lesions in the lungs, with increased tracer uptake in both lung GGOs and the whole colon. Serial CT examinations showed the emersion and dissipation of lung GGOs. We illustrate the symptoms initiation, the laboratory test results, the imaging examination, and the treatment strategy in the duration of COVID-19 with a timeline chart."}, {"pmid": 32332295, "pmcid": "PMC7188043", "title": "The Response of the Anesthesia & Analgesia Community to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Vetter, Thomas R", "Pittet, Jean-Francois"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401850, "title": "Coronavirus and the Heart | A Case Report on the Evolution of COVID-19 Associated with Cardiological Evolution.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Rente, Arthur", "Uezato Junior, Delcio", "Uezato, Karina Margareth Kunyoshi"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401850", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394092, "pmcid": "PMC7213539", "title": "Mental health services for children in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of an expert-based national survey among child and adolescent psychiatric hospitals.", "journal": "Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Cui, Yonghua", "Li, Ying", "Zheng, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394092", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345002, "title": "Joint Statement of the Korean Society for Preventive Medicine and the Korean Society of Epidemiology on the response to the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345002", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492995, "title": "COVID emergency: an opportunity to increase the interaction between hepatologist and primary care physician.", "journal": "Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol", "authors": ["Casella, Giovanni", "Ingravalle, Fabio", "Ingravalle, Adriana", "Monti, Claudio", "Bonetti, Fulvio", "Limonta, Aurelio"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492995", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide had evidenced the opportunity to increase the interaction between Specialist and Primary Care Physician (PCP). COVID 19, started in December 2019 in China, has been considered a public health emergency by the Department of Health and Human Services and, at the moment, it is a pandemic disease with worldwide diffusion. The Covid 19 crisis permits to increase the role of Telemedicine as a tool for the delivery of health care services at distance and to slow down the virus diffusion. This technology is cheap and easy to use but it is limited by governmental licensing restrictions, reimbursement barriers, lesser extent of infrastructure and difficulties related to the change. During COVID 19 Epidemy, Telemedicine is safe, low cost and permits to treat urgent and routine specialist cases without human proximity and contact which would spread infection, particularly to the elderly and immunocompromised patients. In COVID 19 era, the goal of PCP is to reduce travels and visits in specialized center for liver disease patients. A strict collaboration between specialized hepatologist and PCP is needed."}, {"pmid": 32178774, "pmcid": "PMC7118650", "title": "COVID-19, ECMO, and lymphopenia: a word of caution.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178774", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387541, "pmcid": "PMC7204754", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Testing, Prevalence, and Predictors of COVID-19 in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Northern California.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Gubatan, John", "Levitte, Steven", "Balabanis, Tatiana", "Patel, Akshar", "Sharma, Arpita", "Habtezion, Aida"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387541", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334392, "pmcid": "PMC7161532", "title": "Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Jayawardena, Ranil", "Sooriyaarachchi, Piumika", "Chourdakis, Michail", "Jeewandara, Chandima", "Ranasinghe, Priyanga"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Balanced nutrition which can help in maintaining immunity is essential for prevention and management of viral infections. While data regarding nutrition in coronavirus infection (COVID-19) are not available, in this review, we aimed to evaluate evidence from previous clinical trials that studied nutrition-based interventions for viral diseases (with special emphasis on respiratory infections), and summarise our observations. A systematic search strategy was employed using keywords to search the literature in 3 key medical databases: PubMed\u00ae, Web of Science\u00ae and SciVerse Scopus\u00ae. Studies were considered eligible if they were controlled trials in humans, measuring immunological parameters, on viral and respiratory infections. Clinical trials on vitamins, minerals, nutraceuticals and probiotics were included. A total of 640 records were identified initially and 22 studies were included from other sources. After excluding duplicates and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 43 studies were obtained (vitamins: 13; minerals: 8; nutraceuticals: 18 and probiotics: 4). Among vitamins, A and D showed a potential benefit, especially in deficient populations. Among trace elements, selenium and zinc have also shown favourable immune-modulatory effects in viral respiratory infections. Several nutraceuticals and probiotics may also have some role in enhancing immune functions. Micronutrients may be beneficial in nutritionally depleted elderly population. We summaries possible benefits of some vitamins, trace elements, nutraceuticals and probiotics in viral infections. Nutrition principles based on these data could be useful in possible prevention and management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32381489, "title": "Persistence of viral RNA in stool samples from patients recovering from covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Barth, Roos E", "De Regt, Marieke J A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381489", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32147628, "title": "Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Drug Discov Ther", "authors": ["Dong, Liying", "Hu, Shasha", "Gao, Jianjun"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147628", "countries": ["China", "Japan", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged in December 2019 and then spread rapidly worldwide, particularly to China, Japan, and South Korea. Scientists are endeavoring to find antivirals specific to the virus. Several drugs such as chloroquine, arbidol, remdesivir, and favipiravir are currently undergoing clinical studies to test their efficacy and safety in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China; some promising results have been achieved thus far. This article summarizes agents with potential efficacy against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32400893, "pmcid": "PMC7272791", "title": "Navigating the storm of COVID-19 for patients with suspected bowel cancer.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["D'Souza, N", "Abulafi, M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400893", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297980, "pmcid": "PMC7262316", "title": "Failure in initial stage containment of global COVID-19 epicenters.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Khosrawipour, Veria", "Lau, Hien", "Khosrawipour, Tanja", "Kocbach, Piotr", "Ichii, Hirohito", "Bania, Jacek", "Mikolajczyk, Agata"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297980", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Germany", "Korea, Republic of", "Spain", "China", "Japan", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With multiple virus epicenters, COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Consequently, many countries have implemented different policies to manage this crisis\u00a0including curfew and lockdown. However, the efficacy of individual policies remains unclear with respect to COVID-19 case development. We analyzed available data on COVID-19 cases of eight majorly affected countries, including China, Italy, Iran, Germany, France, Spain, South Korea, and Japan. Growth rates and doubling time of cases were calculated for the first 6 weeks after the initial cases were declared for each respective country and put into context with implemented policies. Although\u00a0the growth rate of total confirmed COVID-19 cases in China has decreased, those for Japan have remained constant. For European countries, the growth rate of COVID-19 cases considerably increased during the second time interval. Interestingly, the rates for Germany, Spain, and France are the highest measured in the second interval and even surpass the numbers in Italy. Although the initial data in Asian countries are encouraging with respect to case development at the initial stage, the opposite is true for European countries. Based on our data, disease management in the 2 weeks following the first reported cases is of utmost importance."}, {"pmid": 32314699, "pmcid": "PMC7253125", "title": "Case Report: The Importance of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Coinfection with Other Respiratory Pathogens in the Current Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Khaddour, Karam", "Sikora, Anna", "Tahir, Nayha", "Nepomuceno, Daniel", "Huang, Tian"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314699", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The early shortage of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) tests in the United States led many hospitals to first screen for common respiratory pathogens, and only if this screen was negative to proceed with COVID-19 testing. We report a case of a 56-year-old woman with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) coinfection with group A Streptococcus. The initial testing strategy resulted in delays in both diagnosis and implementation of appropriate precautions. Underlined is the importance of testing for both SARS-CoV-2 and other common respiratory pathogens during the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32369611, "title": "Management of the airway and lung isolation for thoracic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations for clinical practice endorsed by the Association for Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Critical Care and the Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery in Great Britain and Ireland.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Thornton, M", "Reid, D", "Shelley, B", "Steven, M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369611", "countries": ["Ireland", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Intra-operative aerosol-generating procedures are arguably unavoidable in the routine provision of thoracic anaesthesia. Airway management for such patients during the COVID-19 pandemic including tracheal intubation, lung isolation, one-lung ventilation and flexible bronchoscopy may pose a significant risk to healthcare professionals and patients. That said, there remains a need for timely thoracic surgery for patients with lung cancer or thoracic trauma. The thoracic anaesthetic community has been confronted with the need to modify existing techniques to maximise safety for patients and healthcare professionals. With appropriate modification, aerosol generation may be mitigated against in most circumstances. We developed a set of practice-based recommendations for airway management in thoracic surgical patients, which have been endorsed by the Association for Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Critical Care and the Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery in Great Britain and Ireland."}, {"pmid": 32502638, "pmcid": "PMC7265832", "title": "Databases for facilitating mechanistic investigations of traditional Chinese medicines against COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Jiang, Sida", "Cui, Qiuji", "Ni, Bingwei", "Chen, Yingying", "Tan, Ying", "Chen, Weiping", "Chen, Yu Zong"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502638", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292869, "pmcid": "PMC7130075", "title": "Dr. Hong Yu leads a team battling against the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan.", "journal": "Laparosc Endosc Robot Surg", "authors": ["Wang, Jin", "Zeng, Qingjie"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292869", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389518, "pmcid": "PMC7161531", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients on renal replacement therapy. Report of the COVID-19 Registry of the Spanish Society of Nephrology (SEN).", "journal": "Nefrologia", "authors": ["Sanchez-Alvarez, J Emilio", "Perez Fontan, Miguel", "Jimenez Martin, Carlos", "Blasco Pelicano, Miquel", "Cabezas Reina, Carlos Jesus", "Sevillano Prieto, Angel M", "Melilli, Edoardo", "Crespo Barrios, Marta", "Macia Heras, Manuel", "Del Pino Y Pino, Maria Dolores"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389518", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent appearance of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact on the general population. Patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) have not been unaware of this situation and due to their characteristics they are especially vulnerable. We present the results of the analysis of the COVID-19 Registry of the Spanish Society of Nephrology. The Registry began operating on March 18th, 2020. It collects epidemiological variables, contagion and diagnosis data, signs and symptoms, treatments and outcomes. It is an online registry. Patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection based on the results of the PCR of the virus, carried out both in patients who had manifested compatible symptoms or had suspicious signs, as well as in those who had undergone screening after some contact acquainted with another patient. As of April 11, the Registry had data on 868 patients, from all the Autonomous Communities. The most represented form of RRT is in-center hemodialysis (ICH) followed by transplant patients. Symptoms are similar to the general population. A very high percentage (85%) required hospital admission, 8% in intensive care units. The most used treatments were hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and steroids. Mortality is high and reaches 23%; deceased patients were more frequently on ICH, developed pneumonia more frequently, and received less frequently lopinavir-ritonavir and steroids. Age and pneumonia were independently associated with the risk of death. SARS-CoV-2 infection already affects a significant number of Spanish patients on RRT, mainly those on ICH, hospitalization rates are very high and mortality is high; age and the development of pneumonia are factors associated with mortality."}, {"pmid": 32437797, "pmcid": "PMC7207108", "title": "The current understanding and potential therapeutic options to combat COVID-19.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Pooladanda, Venkatesh", "Thatikonda, Sowjanya", "Godugu, Chandraiah"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437797", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing wreaking global outbreak of the novel human beta coronavirus (CoV) pathogen was presumed to be from a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan, China, belongs to the Coronaviridae family in the Nidovirales order. The virus is highly contagious with potential human-human transmission which was named as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread across six continents and emerged as a global pandemic in short span with alarming levels of spread and severity. This virus associated symptoms and infectious respiratory illness is designated as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The SARS-CoV-2 possesses enveloped club-like spike protein projections with positive-sense large RNA genome and has a unique replication strategy. This virus was believed to have zoonotic origin with genetical identity to bat and pangolin CoV. In the current review, we introduce a general overview about the human CoVs and the associated diseases, the origin, structure, replication and key clinical events that occur in the COVID-19 pathogenicity. Furthermore, we focused on possible therapeutic options such as repurposing drugs including antimalarials, antivirals, antiparasitic drugs, and anti-HIV drugs, as well as monoclonal antibodies, vaccines as potential treatment options. Also we have summarized the latest research progress on the usage of stem cell therapy, human convalescent serum, interferon's, in the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32418245, "title": "New Guidance on Managing Inpatient Hyperglycaemia during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Rayman, G", "Lumb, A", "Kennon, B", "Cottrell, C", "Nagi, D", "Page, E", "Voigt, D", "Courtney, H", "Atkins, H", "Platts, J", "Higgins, K", "Dhatariya, K", "Patel, M", "Narendran, P", "Kar, P", "Newland-Jones, P", "Stewart, R", "Burr, O", "Thomas, S"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418245", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399507, "pmcid": "PMC7215155", "title": "Early transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in a southern hemisphere setting: Lima-Peru: February 29th-March 30th, 2020.", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Munayco, Cesar V", "Tariq, Amna", "Rothenberg, Richard", "Soto-Cabezas, Gabriela G", "Reyes, Mary F", "Valle, Andree", "Rojas-Mezarina, Leonardo", "Cabezas, Cesar", "Loayza, Manuel", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399507", "countries": ["China", "Brazil", "Peru"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in Wuhan China has generated substantial morbidity and mortality impact around the world during the last four months. The daily trend in reported cases has been rapidly rising in Latin America since March 2020 with the great majority of the cases reported in Brazil followed by Peru as of April 15th, 2020. Although Peru implemented a range of social distancing measures soon after the confirmation of its first case on March 6th, 2020, the daily number of new COVID-19 cases continues to accumulate in this country. We assessed the early COVID-19 transmission dynamics and the effect of social distancing interventions in Lima, Peru. We estimated the reproduction number, R, during the early transmission phase in Lima from the daily series of imported and autochthonous cases by the date of symptoms onset as of March 30th, 2020. We also assessed the effect of social distancing interventions in Lima by generating short-term forecasts grounded on the early transmission dynamics before interventions were put in place. Prior to the implementation of the social distancing measures in Lima, the local incidence curve by the date of symptoms onset displays near exponential growth dynamics with the mean scaling of growth parameter, p, estimated at 0.9 (95%CI: 0.9,1.0) and the reproduction number at 2.3 (95% CI: 2.0, 2.5). Our analysis indicates that school closures and other social distancing interventions have helped slow down the spread of the novel coronavirus, with the nearly exponential growth trend shifting to an approximately linear growth trend soon after the broad scale social distancing interventions were put in place by the government. While the interventions appear to have slowed the transmission rate in Lima, the number of new COVID-19 cases continue to accumulate, highlighting the need to strengthen social distancing and active case finding efforts to mitigate disease transmission in the region."}, {"pmid": 32401405, "pmcid": "PMC7272905", "title": "Antihyperglycemic properties of hydroxychloroquine in patients with diabetes: risks and benefits at the time of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Diabetes", "authors": ["Infante, Marco", "Ricordi, Camillo", "Fabbri, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401405", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has long been used as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug for the treatment of several inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Over the last three decades, various studies have shown that HCQ also plays a role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Although the mechanisms of action underlying the glucose-lowering properties of HCQ are still not entirely clear, evidence suggests that this drug may exert multifaceted effects on glucose regulation, including improvement of insulin sensitivity, increase of insulin secretion, reduction of hepatic insulin clearance, and reduction of systemic inflammation. Preliminary studies have shown the safety and efficacy of HCQ (at a dose ranging from 400 to 600\u2009mg/day) in patients with type 2 diabetes over a short-term period. In 2014, HCQ has been approved in India as an add-on hypoglycemic agent for patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. However, large randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the safety and efficacy profile of HCQ in patients with type 2 diabetes over a long-term period. With regard to the COVID-19 pandemic, several medications (including HCQ) have been used as off-label drugs because of the lack of proven effective therapies. However, emerging evidence shows limited benefit from HCQ use in COVID-19 in general. The aim of this manuscript is to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge on the antihyperglycemic properties of HCQ and to critically evaluate the potential risks and benefits related to HCQ use in patients with diabetes, even in light of the current pandemic scenario."}, {"pmid": 32398875, "title": "Single-cell landscape of bronchoalveolar immune cells in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Liao, Mingfeng", "Liu, Yang", "Yuan, Jing", "Wen, Yanling", "Xu, Gang", "Zhao, Juanjuan", "Cheng, Lin", "Li, Jinxiu", "Wang, Xin", "Wang, Fuxiang", "Liu, Lei", "Amit, Ido", "Zhang, Shuye", "Zhang, Zheng"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398875", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory immune characteristics associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity are currently unclear. We characterized bronchoalveolar lavage fluid immune cells from patients with varying severity of COVID-19 and from healthy people by using single-cell RNA sequencing. Proinflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages were abundant in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with severe COVID-9. Moderate cases were characterized by the presence of highly clonally expanded CD8+ T cells. This atlas of the bronchoalveolar immune microenvironment suggests potential mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and recovery in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32401959, "pmcid": "PMC7232955", "title": "Importation and early local transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020.", "journal": "Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo", "authors": ["Jesus, Jaqueline Goes de", "Sacchi, Claudio", "Candido, Darlan da Silva", "Claro, Ingra Morales", "Sales, Flavia Cristina Silva", "Manuli, Erika Regina", "Silva, Daniela Bernardes Borges da", "Paiva, Terezinha Maria de", "Pinho, Margarete Aparecida Benega", "Santos, Katia Correa de Oliveira", "Hill, Sarah Catherine", "Aguiar, Renato Santana", "Romero, Filipe", "Santos, Fabiana Cristina Pereira Dos", "Goncalves, Claudia Regina", "Timenetsky, Maria do Carmo", "Quick, Joshua", "Croda, Julio Henrique Rosa", "Oliveira, Wanderson de", "Rambaut, Andrew", "Pybus, Oliver G.", "Loman, Nicholas J.", "Sabino, Ester Cerdeira", "Faria, Nuno Rodrigues"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401959", "countries": ["Brazil", "Italy"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We conducted the genome sequencing and analysis of the first confirmed COVID-19 infections in Brazil. Rapid sequencing coupled with phylogenetic analyses in the context of travel history corroborate multiple independent importations from Italy and local spread during the initial stage of COVID-19 transmission in Brazil."}, {"pmid": 32488835, "pmcid": "PMC7266118", "title": "Deep Learning Based Drug Screening for Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCov.", "journal": "Interdiscip Sci", "authors": ["Zhang, Haiping", "Saravanan, Konda Mani", "Yang, Yang", "Hossain, Md Tofazzal", "Li, Junxin", "Ren, Xiaohu", "Pan, Yi", "Wei, Yanjie"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488835", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, called 2019-nCoV, was recently found in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, and now is spreading across China and other parts of the world. Although there are some drugs to treat 2019-nCoV, there is no proper scientific evidence about its activity on the virus. It is of high significance to develop a drug that can combat the virus effectively to save valuable human lives. It usually takes a much longer time to develop a drug using traditional methods. For 2019-nCoV, it is now better to rely on some alternative methods such as deep learning to develop drugs that can combat such a disease effectively since 2019-nCoV is highly homologous to SARS-CoV. In the present work, we first collected virus RNA sequences of 18 patients reported to have 2019-nCoV from the public domain database, translated the RNA into protein sequences, and performed multiple sequence alignment. After a careful literature survey and sequence analysis, 3C-like protease is considered to be a major therapeutic target and we built a protein 3D model of 3C-like protease using homology modeling. Relying on the structural model, we used a pipeline to perform large scale virtual screening by using a deep learning based method to accurately rank/identify protein-ligand interacting pairs developed recently in our group. Our model identified potential drugs for 2019-nCoV 3C-like protease by performing drug screening against four chemical compound databases (Chimdiv, Targetmol-Approved_Drug_Library, Targetmol-Natural_Compound_Library, and Targetmol-Bioactive_Compound_Library) and a database of tripeptides. Through this paper, we provided the list of possible chemical ligands (Meglumine, Vidarabine, Adenosine, D-Sorbitol, D-Mannitol, Sodium_gluconate, Ganciclovir and Chlorobutanol) and peptide drugs (combination of isoleucine, lysine and proline) from the databases to guide the experimental scientists and validate the molecules which can combat the virus in a shorter time."}, {"pmid": 32497798, "pmcid": "PMC7263228", "title": "A Follow-up Study of Recovered Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Luo, Shiua", "Guo, Yanrong", "Zhang, Xiaochun", "Xu, Haibo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497798", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393823, "pmcid": "PMC7212510", "title": "BCG-induced trained immunity: can it offer protection against COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["O'Neill, Luke A J", "Netea, Mihai G"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393823", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486196, "title": "Cerebrovascular and Neurological Dysfunction under the Threat of COVID-19: Is There a Comorbid Role for Smoking and Vaping?", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Archie, Sabrina Rahman", "Cucullo, Luca"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486196", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recently discovered novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 virus), has brought the whole world to standstill with critical challenges, affecting both health and economic sectors worldwide. Although initially, this pandemic was associated with causing severe pulmonary and respiratory disorders, recent case studies reported the association of cerebrovascular-neurological dysfunction in COVID-19 patients, which is also life-threatening. Several SARS-CoV-2 positive case studies have been reported where there are mild or no symptoms of this virus. However, a selection of patients are suffering from large artery ischemic strokes. Although the pathophysiology of the SARS-CoV-2 virus affecting the cerebrovascular system has not been elucidated yet, researchers have identified several pathogenic mechanisms, including a role for the ACE2 receptor. Therefore, it is extremely crucial to identify the risk factors related to the progression and adverse outcome of cerebrovascular-neurological dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Since many articles have reported the effect of smoking (tobacco and cannabis) and vaping in cerebrovascular and neurological systems, and considering that smokers are more prone to viral and bacterial infection compared to non-smokers, it is high time to explore the probable correlation of smoking in COVID-19 patients. Herein, we have reviewed the possible role of smoking and vaping on cerebrovascular and neurological dysfunction in COVID-19 patients, along with potential pathogenic mechanisms associated with it."}, {"pmid": 32515698, "title": "[Recommendations of the Eurasian Arrhythmology Association (EURA) for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with arrhythmias and conduction disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Kardiologiia", "authors": ["Belenkov, Yu N", "Snezhitskiy, V A", "Ardashev, A V", "Abzaliyeva, S A", "Cappato, Riccardo", "Karpenko, J I", "Konev, A V", "Nechepurenko, A A", "Raviele, Antonio", "Puodziukynas, Aras", "Sayganov, S A", "Santini, Luca", "Shugaev, P L", "Yakovleva, M V", "Zateyshchikov, D A", "Yuzvinkevitch, S A", "Zhelyakov, E G"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515698", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The beginning of 2020 was characterized by the development of a new coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Information about the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory diagnostics, as well as prevention and therapy for this disease is constantly being expanded and reviewed. The COVID-19 pandemic creates the need for the emergence of new conditions of specialized care for patients with heart rhythm and conduction disorders [1]. These recommendations are intended for general practitioners, internists, cardiologists, electrophysiologists/arrhythmologists, cardiovascular surgeons, functional diagnostics doctors, anesthesiologists-resuscitators, laboratory diagnostics specialists, health care organizers in the system of organizations and healthcare institutions that provide specialized care to patients with heart rhythm and conduction disorders."}, {"pmid": 32339344, "pmcid": "PMC7267662", "title": "Vascular skin symptoms in COVID-19: a french observational study.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Bouaziz, J D", "Duong, T", "Jachiet, M", "Velter, C", "Lestang, P", "Cassius, C", "Arsouze, A", "Domergue Than Trong, E", "Bagot, M", "Begon, E", "Sulimovic, L", "Rybojad, M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339344", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic viral infection by the World Health organization on March 11th 2020. Usual clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection include fever, fatigue, myalgia, headache, diarrhea, dry cough, dyspnea that may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death (1). Skin symptoms of COVID-19 have been poorly described but may include erythematous rash, urticaria and chicken pox like lesions (2-7). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a cellular receptor for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32401849, "title": "Physical Exercise in Patients with Heart Disease and in the General Population in Times of Coronavirus.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Stein, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401849", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385799, "pmcid": "PMC7207081", "title": "Cardiothoracic robotic assisted surgery in times of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Robot Surg", "authors": ["Van den Eynde, Jef", "De Groote, Senne", "Van Lerberghe, Robin", "Van den Eynde, Raf", "Oosterlinck, Wouter"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385799", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses an immense threat to healthcare systems worldwide. At a time when elective surgeries are being suspended and questions are being raised about how the remaining procedures on COVID-19 positive patients can be performed safely, it is important to consider the potential role of robotic assisted surgery within the current pandemic. Recently, several robotic assisted surgery societies have issued their recommendations. To date, however, no specific recommendations are available for cardiothoracic robotic assisted surgery in COVID-19 positive patients. Here, we discuss the potential risks, benefits, and preventive measures that need to be taken into account when considering robotic assisted surgery for cardiothoracic indications in patients with confirmed COVID-19. It is suggested that robotic assisted surgery might have various advantages such as early recovery after surgery, shorter hospital stay, and reduced loss of blood and fluids as well as smaller incisions. However, electrosurgical and ultrasonic devices, as well as CO2 insufflation should be managed with caution to prevent the risk of aerosolization of viral particles."}, {"pmid": 32429786, "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia and pregnancy; a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Kasraeian, Maryam", "Zare, Marjan", "Vafaei, Homeira", "Asadi, Nasrin", "Faraji, Azam", "Bazrafshan, Khadijeh", "Roozmeh, Shohreh"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429786", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: The new SARS-CoV-2 originated from Wuhan, China is spreading rapidly worldwide. A number of SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women have been reported. However, more information is still needed on the pregnancy outcome and the neonates regarding COVID-19 pneumonia.Material and Methods: A systematic search was done and nine articles on COVID-19 pneumonia and SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women were extracted. Some maternal-fetal characteristics were extracted to be included in the meta-analysis.Results: The present meta-analysis was conducted on 87 SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women. Almost 65% of the patients reported a history of exposure to an infected person, 78% suffered from mild or moderate COVID-19, 99.9% had successful termination, 86% had cough, and 68% had fever (p\u2009=\u2009.022 and p\u2009<\u2009.001). The overall proportions of vertical transmission, still birth, and neonatal death were zero, 0.002, and, 0.002, respectively (p\u2009=\u20091, p\u2009=\u2009.86, and p\u2009=\u2009.89, respectively). The means of the first- and fifth-minute Apgar scores were 8.86 and 9, respectively (p\u2009<\u2009.001 for both). The confounding role of history of underlying diseases with an estimated overall proportion of 33% (p\u2009=\u2009.03) resulted in further investigations due to sample size limitation. A natural history of COVID-19 pneumonia in the adult population was presented, as well.Conclusion: Currently, no evidence of vertical transmission has been suggested at least in late pregnancy. No hazards have been detected for fetuses or neonates. Although pregnant women are at an immunosuppressive state due to the physiological changes during pregnancy, most patients suffered from mild or moderate COVID-19 pneumonia with no pregnancy loss, proposing a similar pattern of the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia to that of other adult populations."}, {"pmid": 32435879, "pmcid": "PMC7237873", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spanish children with chronic kidney pathologies.", "journal": "Pediatr Nephrol", "authors": ["Melgosa, M", "Madrid, A", "Alvarez, O", "Lumbreras, J", "Nieto, F", "Parada, E", "Perez-Beltran, V"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435879", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is little information about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children with underlying chronic renal pathologies. From March until April 15, 2020, 16 children with chronic renal pathologies were diagnosed with COVID-19 in Spain. Of these, 6 had end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) (3 transplant recipients and 3 on chronic hemodialysis). The severity of symptoms was mild in all the patients, with little radiological involvement. Three patients were asymptomatic. Fever and upper respiratory symptoms were the most frequent findings. Basal glomerular filtration worsened in 3 patients; however, recovery was rapidly achieved with rehydration and drug dose adjustment. In 2 patients diagnosed with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, COVID-19 provoked a disease relapse. None required oxygen therapy, and 7 could be managed as outpatients. COVID-19 disease appears to have a similar clinical course in children with underlying chronic renal pathologies, even in immunosuppressed cases, as in healthy children of the same age; however, special attention must be paid to fluid management and drug dose adjustment."}, {"pmid": 32304139, "pmcid": "PMC7235517", "title": "Progress and Concept for COVID-19 Vaccine Development.", "journal": "Biotechnol J", "authors": ["Wu, Suh-Chin"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304139", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32046815, "pmcid": "PMC7029448", "title": "Laboratory readiness and response for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in expert laboratories in 30 EU/EEA countries, January 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Reusken, Chantal B E M", "Broberg, Eeva K", "Haagmans, Bart", "Meijer, Adam", "Corman, Victor M", "Papa, Anna", "Charrel, Remi", "Drosten, Christian", "Koopmans, Marion", "Leitmeyer, Katrin", "On Behalf Of Evd-LabNet And Erli-Net"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32046815", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Timely detection of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection cases is crucial to interrupt the spread of this virus. We assessed the required expertise and capacity for molecular detection of 2019-nCoV in specialised laboratories in 30 European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries. Thirty-eight laboratories in 24 EU/EEA countries had diagnostic tests available by 29 January 2020. A coverage of all EU/EEA countries was expected by mid-February. Availability of primers/probes, positive controls and personnel were main implementation barriers."}, {"pmid": 32525747, "title": "An Analytical Perspective on Pandemic Recovery.", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Trump, Benjamin D", "Bridges, Todd S", "Cegan, Jeffrey C", "Cibulsky, Susan M", "Greer, Scott L", "Jarman, Holly", "Lafferty, Brandon J", "Surette, Melissa A", "Linkov, Igor"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525747", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After implementing restrictions to curb the spread of coronavirus, governments in the United States and around the world are trying to identify the path to social and economic recovery. The White House and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have published guidelines to assist US states, counties, and territories in planning these efforts. As the impact of the coronavirus pandemic has not been uniform, these central guidelines need to be translated into practice in ways that recognize variation among jurisdictions. We present a core methodology to assist governments in this task, presenting a case for appropriate actions at each stage of recovery based on scientific data and analysis. Specifically, 3 types of data are needed: data on the spread of disease should be analyzed alongside data on the overall health of the population and data on infrastructure-for example, the capacity of health systems. Local circumstances will produce different needs and present different setbacks, and governments may need to reinstate as well as relax restrictions. Transparent, defensible analysis can assist in making these decisions and communicating them to the public. In the absence of a widely administered vaccine, analysis remains one of our most important tools in addressing the coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32155302, "pmcid": "PMC7166833", "title": "COVID-19: Emerging compassion, courage and resilience in the face of misinformation and adversity.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Smith, Graeme D", "Ng, Fowie", "Ho Cheung Li, William"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32155302", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232980, "pmcid": "PMC7228385", "title": "COVID-19 epidemic: Disease characteristics in children.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["She, Jiatong", "Liu, Lanqin", "Liu, Wenjun"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232980", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In mid-December 2019, a disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, which began in Wuhan, China, has spread throughout the country and many countries around the world. The number of children with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has also increased significantly. Although information regarding the epidemiology of COVID-19 in children has accumulated, relevant comprehensive reports are lacking. The present article reviews the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in children."}, {"pmid": 32346594, "pmcid": "PMC7186132", "title": "Quantitative computed tomography of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.", "journal": "Radiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cheng, Zenghui", "Qin, Le", "Cao, Qiqi", "Dai, Jianyi", "Pan, Ashan", "Yang, Wenjie", "Gao, Yaozong", "Chen, Lei", "Yan, Fuhua"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346594", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To quantify coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and to explore whether quantitative computer tomography (CT) could be used to assess severity on admission. From January 17 to February 9, 2020, 38 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were consecutively enrolled in our hospitals. All clinical data and the chest CT on admission were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Firstly, a quantitative method based on multi-scale convolutional neural networks was used to assess the infected lung segments and this was compared with the semi-quantitative method. Secondly, the quantitative method was tested with laboratory results and the pneumonia severity index (PSI) by correlation analyses. Thirdly, both quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters between patients with different PSI were compared. Thirty cases were finally enrolled: 16 (53.33%) of them were male, and the mean age was 48 years old. The interval from onset symptoms to first chest CT scan was 8 days. The proportion of ground glass opacity (GGO), consolidation and the total lesion based on the quantitative method was positively correlated with the semi-quantitative CT score (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001 for all; rs\u00a0=\u00a00.88, 0.87, 0.90), CRP (P\u00a0=\u00a00.0278, 0.0168, 0.0078; rs\u00a0=\u00a00.40, 0.43, 0.48) and ESR (P\u00a0=\u00a00.0296, 0.0408, 0.0048; rs\u00a0=\u00a00.46, 0.44, 0.58), respectively, and was negatively correlated with the lymphocyte count (P\u00a0=\u00a00.0222, 0.0024, 0.0068; rs\u00a0=\u00a0-0.42, -0.53, -0.48). There was a positive correlation trend between the proportion of total infection and the pneumonia severity index (P\u00a0=\u00a00.0994; rs\u00a0=\u00a00.30) and a tendency that patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia had higher percentage of consolidation and total infection (P\u00a0=\u00a00.0903, 0.0989). Quantitative CT may have potential in assessing the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia on admission."}, {"pmid": 32489654, "pmcid": "PMC7242007", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and the Liver: Considerations in Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Infections.", "journal": "Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken)", "authors": ["Reddy, K Rajender"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489654", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347635, "pmcid": "PMC7261988", "title": "The covid-19 outbreak in Italy: preventive and protective measures adopted by the dermatology unit of bologna university hospital.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Patrizi, Annalisa", "Bardazzi, Federico", "Filippi, Federica", "Abbenante, Diego", "Piraccini, Bianca Maria"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347635", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512520, "title": "\"Does having diabetes increase chances of contracting COVID-19 infection?\"", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Gangopadhyay, Kalyan Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512520", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366503, "title": "Covid-19: NHS bosses told to assess risk to ethnic minority staff who may be at greater risk.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366503", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486618, "title": "Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on postgraduate medical education in a Singaporean academic medical institution.", "journal": "Korean J Med Educ", "authors": ["Sia, Ching-Hui", "Tan, Benjamin Yong-Qiang", "Ooi, Shirley Beng Suat"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486618", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32351656, "pmcid": "PMC7183921", "title": "Myalgia may not be associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "World J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Wong, Johnny", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351656", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504964, "pmcid": "PMC7253971", "title": "Anesthesia and infection control in cesarean section of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection: A descriptive study.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Yue, Linli", "Han, Lefei", "Li, Qiannan", "Zhong, Min", "Wang, Jun", "Wan, Zhenzhen", "Chu, Caijuan", "Zeng, Yi", "Peng, Min", "Li, Na", "Yang, Lin"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504964", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321222, "title": "COVID-19 a mild disease in children.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Devulapalli, Chandra Sekhar"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321222", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379057, "pmcid": "PMC7244021", "title": "Preventive strategy for the clinical treatment of hip fractures in the elderly during the COVID-19 outbreak: Wuhan's experience.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Liu, Jing", "Mi, Bobin", "Hu, Liangcong", "Xiong, Yuan", "Xue, Hang", "Zhou, Wu", "Cao, Faqi", "Liu, Mengfei", "Chen, Lang", "Yan, Chenchen", "Li, Hui", "Liu, Guohui"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379057", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hip fractures in the elderly account for more than half of osteoporotic fractures and represent a substantial economic and social burden. Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), which began to spread in December 2019, has created challenges in the management of elderly hip fracture patients, not only by influencing the choice of operation and postoperative rehabilitation methods, but also by generating new risks for the medical staff. During this period, our infection and orthopedic treatment unit in the center of the epidemic area effectively treated 82 elderly patients with hip fracture, and no cross-infection occurred. Therefore, our experience in prevention and treatment is worth recommending to frontline anti-epidemic personnel."}, {"pmid": 32220655, "pmcid": "PMC7158905", "title": "The effect of control strategies to reduce social mixing on outcomes of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China: a modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Prem, Kiesha", "Liu, Yang", "Russell, Timothy W", "Kucharski, Adam J", "Eggo, Rosalind M", "Davies, Nicholas", "Jit, Mark", "Klepac, Petra"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220655", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December, 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, emerged in Wuhan, China. Since then, the city of Wuhan has taken unprecedented measures in response to the outbreak, including extended school and workplace closures. We aimed to estimate the effects of physical distancing measures on the progression of the COVID-19 epidemic, hoping to provide some insights for the rest of the world. To examine how changes in population mixing have affected outbreak progression in Wuhan, we used synthetic location-specific contact patterns in Wuhan and adapted these in the presence of school closures, extended workplace closures, and a reduction in mixing in the general community. Using these matrices and the latest estimates of the epidemiological parameters of the Wuhan outbreak, we simulated the ongoing trajectory of an outbreak in Wuhan using an age-structured susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) model for several physical distancing measures. We fitted the latest estimates of epidemic parameters from a transmission model to data on local and internationally exported cases from Wuhan in an age-structured epidemic framework and investigated the age distribution of cases. We also simulated lifting of the control measures by allowing people to return to work in a phased-in way and looked at the effects of returning to work at different stages of the underlying outbreak (at the beginning of March or April). Our projections show that physical distancing measures were most effective if the staggered return to work was at the beginning of April; this reduced the median number of infections by more than 92% (IQR 66-97) and 24% (13-90) in mid-2020 and end-2020, respectively. There are benefits to sustaining these measures until April in terms of delaying and reducing the height of the peak, median epidemic size at end-2020, and affording health-care systems more time to expand and respond. However, the modelled effects of physical distancing measures vary by the duration of infectiousness and the role school children have in the epidemic. Restrictions on activities in Wuhan, if maintained until April, would probably help to delay the epidemic peak. Our projections suggest that premature and sudden lifting of interventions could lead to an earlier secondary peak, which could be flattened by relaxing the interventions gradually. However, there are limitations to our analysis, including large uncertainties around estimates of R0 and the duration of infectiousness. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, National Institute for Health Research, Wellcome Trust, and Health Data Research UK."}, {"pmid": 32523147, "title": "Brief annotations on cytokine release syndrome and interleukin-6 therapeutic blockage in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Amezcua-Guerra, Luis M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523147", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310924, "title": "[COVID-19 and coronary artery disease: selective and collaborative use of resources during public health crisis].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Villa, Emmanuel", "Saccocci, Matteo", "Messina, Antonio", "Maffeo, Diego", "Piti, Antonino", "Bianchetti, Federico", "Cuccia, Claudio", "Troise, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310924", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic is one of the most demanding challenges for the public health organizations. The Lombardy region faced firstly this outbreak in Italy and recorded rapidly a saturation of intensive care and internal medicine beds. Consequently, this lack of technical and human resources, together with people mobility restriction to contain virus spreading, determined the interruption of elective surgical and interventional cardiovascular procedures. In addition, the emergency track of acute patients has been rewritten due to limited resources and viral co-infection (pre- or in-hospital). Herein, we describe two cases of acute coronary syndrome with severe coronary artery disease and an indication for coronary artery bypass grafting. The first patient, COVID-19 positive, was treated with transcatheter technique due to symptom instability and underwent temporary circulatory support without intubation. The second patient received an intra-aortic balloon pump and was then transferred, in accordance with government emergency provisions, to a hub hospital to undergo off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and short intensive care unit stay. These two apparently similar cases were treated differently according to the moving epidemiological and organizational conditions."}, {"pmid": 32310289, "title": "Health Care Heroes of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bauchner, Howard", "Easley, Thomas J"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310289", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356672, "title": "[COVID-19 - More Lung Pocus and Sparing Use of Stethoscope, Chest X-Ray and Lung CT].", "journal": "Praxis (Bern 1994)", "authors": ["Osterwalder, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356672", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 - More Lung Pocus and Sparing Use of Stethoscope, Chest X-Ray and Lung CT Abstract. For an optimal management of COVID-19 (Coronary Virus Disease) we depend on a fast and reliable diagnosis and severity assessment. The gold standard so far is RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polmerase chain reaction) from the nasopharyngeal smear. Current tests have a sensitivity of 60-90 %. As a consequence, we must expect 10-40 % false negative results. In addition to oxygen saturation for severity classification, stethoscope, chest X-ray and lung computer tomography are routinely used. However, the standard methods stethoscope and chest X-ray are unreliable. Moreover, all three diagnostic examination techniques expose physicians, support staff and subsequent patients to an additional risk of exposure. In view of the contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus), lung point-of-care ultrasound (Lu-PoCUS) is a still underutilized valuable alternative, especially when using pocket devices. In this review the current value and role of stethoscope, pulsoxymetry, chest x ray, lung computer tomography and lung point-of-care ultrasound will be determined based on the available literature."}, {"pmid": 32228780, "pmcid": "PMC7204595", "title": "Advanced Preparation Makes Research in Emergencies and Isolation Care Possible: The Case of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Brett-Major, David M", "Schnaubelt, Elizabeth R", "Creager, Hannah M", "Lowe, Abigail", "Cieslak, Theodore J", "Dahlke, Jacob M", "Johnson, Daniel W", "Fey, Paul D", "Hansen, Keith F", "Hewlett, Angela L", "Gordon, Bruce G", "Kalil, Andre C", "Khan, Ali S", "Kortepeter, Mark G", "Kratochvil, Christopher J", "Larson, LuAnn", "Levy, Deborah A", "Linder, James", "Medcalf, Sharon J", "Rupp, Mark E", "Schwedhelm, Michelle M", "Sullivan, James", "Vasa, Angela M", "Wadman, Michael C", "Lookadoo, Rachel E", "Lowe, John-Martin J", "Lawler, James V", "Broadhurst, M Jana"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228780", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The optimal time to initiate research on emergencies is before they occur. However, timely initiation of high-quality research may launch during an emergency under the right conditions. These include an appropriate context, clarity in scientific aims, preexisting resources, strong operational and research structures that are facile, and good governance. Here, Nebraskan rapid research efforts early during the 2020 coronavirus disease pandemic, while participating in the first use of U.S. federal quarantine in 50 years, are described from these aspects, as the global experience with this severe emerging infection grew apace. The experience has lessons in purpose, structure, function, and performance of research in any emergency, when facing any threat."}, {"pmid": 32442130, "title": "Agile Health Care Analytics: Enabling Real-Time Disease Surveillance With a Computational Health Platform.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Schulz, Wade L", "Durant, Thomas J S", "Torre, Charles J Jr", "Hsiao, Allen L", "Krumholz, Harlan M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442130", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing coronavirus disease outbreak demonstrates the need for novel applications of real-time data to produce timely information about incident cases. Using health information technology (HIT) and real-world data, we sought to produce an interface that could, in near real time, identify patients presenting with suspected respiratory tract infection and enable monitoring of test results related to specific pathogens, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This tool was built upon our computational health platform, which provides access to near real-time data from disparate HIT sources across our health system. This combination of technology allowed us to rapidly prototype, iterate, and deploy a platform to support a cohesive organizational response to a rapidly evolving outbreak. Platforms that allow for agile analytics are needed to keep pace with evolving needs within the health care system."}, {"pmid": 32500155, "title": "Comment on: Outbreak of COVID-19 - an urgent need for good science to silence our fears?", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Finsterer, Josef"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500155", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518935, "title": "Healthcare workers experience in dealing with Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Saudi Med J", "authors": ["Almaghrabi, Rana H", "Alfaraidi, Huda A", "Al Hebshi, Wejdan A", "Albaadani, Mohammed M"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518935", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze healthcare workers experiences in dealing with the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.\u00a0Methods: An anonymous open web-based survey study was conducted among healthcare workers from the March 2020 to April 2020. A total of 24 relevant questions were asked based on participants' characteristics, obligations, and preparedness in healthcare workers in the event of COVID-19 pandemic.\u00a0Results: Approximately 1036 healthcare workers participated in this study with high response rate. Out of all the participants, 70% were women, 52% belonged to the 26-34 year age range, 50% were nurses, 33.7% were clinicians, 74.3% agreed to work overtime, 93.1% understand why they should stay past their shift end, 97.7% thought that preventing illness among healthcare workers and providing safety to family members, nearly 94% thought that personal protective equipment (PPE) for employees will enhance their willingness to report to work. Approximately 89.3% express a desire for incentives and financial support for family members.\u00a0Conclusion: We recommend that providing PPE, reducing psychological stress, financial support and safety to family members of healthcare workers will increase the willingness to report to work."}, {"pmid": 32481790, "title": "Q&A with Dean Winslow, MD, on Volunteering in Antarctica Currently the only continent without confirmed cases of COVID-19 during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "R I Med J (2013)", "authors": ["Korr, Mary"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481790", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502292, "title": "Aligning Student-Led Initiatives and Incident Command System Resources in a Pandemic.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Kratochvil, Taylor J", "Khazanchi, Rohan", "Sass, RemyGrace M", "Caverzagie, Kelly J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Removed from classrooms and clinics amid the COVID-19 pandemic, health professions students have answered the call to serve alternate roles by rapidly mobilizing to address health system and community-identified needs in innovative ways. Many institutions, including the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), have formally recognized student roles by adding service learning requirements to adapted curricula. Although the crisis has spurred an explosion of student-led volunteer initiatives, many risk operating beyond the protection of their academic institution and could bolster their efficacy by harnessing institutional resources."}, {"pmid": 32124733, "title": "[COVID-19. The only certainty is the uncertainty].", "journal": "Laeknabladid", "authors": ["Briem, Haraldur"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32124733", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171808, "pmcid": "PMC7194538", "title": "Skin damage among health care workers managing coronavirus disease-2019.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Lan, Jiajia", "Song, Zexing", "Miao, Xiaoping", "Li, Hang", "Li, Yan", "Dong, Liyun", "Yang, Jing", "An, Xiangjie", "Zhang, Yamin", "Yang, Liu", "Zhou, Nuoya", "Yang, Liu", "Li, Jun", "Cao, JingJiang", "Wang, Jianxiu", "Tao, Juan"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171808", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448805, "title": "Radiotherapy in Southern Italy at the time of COVID-19: options for radiation oncology units.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Pezzulla, Donato", "Macchia, Gabriella", "Taccari, Francesco", "Sticca, Giovanna", "Deodato, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448805", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to many countries and has been declared a global health emergency. Our center is located in the south of Italy where the infection rates were low and the clusters of COVID-19 positive patients were small and inhomogeneous. The aim of this short report is to share our experience as a starting point for the management of the steady state of the pandemic. The safety of the patients and department staff required a strict plan to minimize the risk of infection between operators whose absence would have made it impossible to carry out the radiotherapy treatments. The head of the radiotherapy unit and members of the Hospital Crisis Unit have put in place a series of measures to manage the emergency. A \"clean\" team has been established whose members are kept out of the radiotherapy unit for 2 weeks on rotation. Several separate work areas have been made in order to reduce direct contact between the staff. Each staff member has to wear protective equipment if close contact with patients is required. Before confirming a radiotherapy consult or a follow-up visit, telephone clinical and epidemiological screening is performed by nurses through a questionnaire regarding the presence of respiratory symptoms or eventual social contacts with COVID-19 positive people. Once the patients arrive in the hospital, a triage point at the entrance to the hospital performs a second screening and a temperature check. This management experience of a radiotherapy unit in Southern Italy could serve as a useful example for the future. In fact, in the steady state of infection many centers may face epidemiologically contagious numbers similar to those that we currently have in our region. These numbers require the maintenance of alert and precautionary measures which in our case seem to have worked."}, {"pmid": 32492745, "title": "[Cardiac biomarkers and COVID-19 - Phenotypes and Interpretation].", "journal": "Dtsch Med Wochenschr", "authors": ["Salbach, Christian", "Giannitsis, Evangelos"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492745", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 inducing viral COVID-19 pneumonia, is categorized in 3 stages. Some biomarkers could be assigned to one of these stages, showing a correlation to mortality in COVID-19 patients. Laboratory findings in COVID-19, especially when serially evaluated, may represent individual disease severity and prognosis. These may help planning and controlling therapeutic interventions. Biomarkers for myocardial injury (high sensitive cardiac troponin, hsTn) or hemodynamic stress (NTproBNP) may occur in COVID-19 pneumonia such as in other pneumonias, correlating with severity and prognosis of the underlying disease. In hospitalized COVID-19 patients' mild increases of hsTn or NTproBNP may be explained by cardiovascular comorbidities and direct or indirect cardiac damage or stress caused by or during COVID-19 pneumonia. In case of suspected NSTE-ACS and COVID-19, indications for echocardiography or reperfusion strategy should be carefully considered against the risk of contamination."}, {"pmid": 32385869, "pmcid": "PMC7261983", "title": "Coronavirus Disease-2019 with Dermatologic Manifestations and Implications: An Unfolding Conundrum.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Almutairi, Nawaf", "Schwartz, Robert A"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385869", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused Coronavirus Disease-2019, widely known as COVID-19, now a pandemic with extraordinary infectivity, mortality, and fomite adhesiveness. As a nosocomial infection for hospital and nursing home patients and health care workers, it represents an extraordinary challenge. The cutaneous markers of this pandemic are being elucidated with preliminary experiences being shared and rapidly communicated. We will review COVID-19 from both a dermatologic and public health perspective. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32344440, "title": "[Epidemiology and control of COVID-19].", "journal": "Dtsch Med Wochenschr", "authors": ["Muller, Olaf", "Neuhann, Florian", "Razum, Oliver"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344440", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease Pandemic 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), started in December 2019 in China. SARS-CoV-2 is easily transmitted by droplet infection. After an incubation period of 1-14 days, COVID-19 shows a mild course in 80\u200a% of observed cases and a severe course in 20\u200a%, with a lethality rate of 0.3-5.8\u200a%. Elderly people and people with underlying diseases have a higher risk of severe courses with mandatory ventilation. So far there are neither effective drugs nor vaccinations available, so only public health interventions such as physical distancing and hygiene measures on the one hand and targeted testing followed by isolation and quarantine measures on the other hand are available. China has shown that maximum use of these measures can control the epidemic. The further course and also the consequences for the global economy cannot be clearly predicted at present."}, {"pmid": 32526746, "title": "Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy for a Patient with Severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Katagiri, Daisuke", "Ishikane, Masahiro", "Ogawa, Tatsunori", "Kinoshita, Noriko", "Katano, Harutaka", "Suzuki, Tadaki", "Fukaya, Takashi", "Hinoshita, Fumihiko", "Ohmagari, Norio"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526746", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health threat. It is a respiratory disease, and acute kidney injury (AKI) is rare; however, if a patient develops severe AKI, renal replacement therapy (RRT) should be considered. Recently, we had a critically ill COVID-19 patient who developed severe AKI and needed continuous RRT (CRRT). To avoid the potential risk of infection from CRRT effluents, we measured severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genetic material in the effluents by qRT-PCR, and low copy numbers of the viral genome were detected. Due to unstable hemodynamic status in critically ill patients, CRRT should be the first choice for severe AKI in COVID-19 patients. We suggest prevention of clinical infection and control during administration of RRT in the acute phase of COVID-19 patients with AKI or multiple organ failure."}, {"pmid": 32400137, "pmcid": "PMC7225002", "title": "Management Practice of Allergic Rhinitis in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Allergy Asthma Immunol Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Yuan", "Zhang, Luo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400137", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516797, "title": "Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Williamson, Brandi N", "Feldmann, Friederike", "Schwarz, Benjamin", "Meade-White, Kimberly", "Porter, Danielle P", "Schulz, Jonathan", "van Doremalen, Neeltje", "Leighton, Ian", "Yinda, Claude Kwe", "Perez-Perez, Lizzette", "Okumura, Atsushi", "Lovaglio, Jamie", "Hanley, Patrick W", "Saturday, Greg", "Bosio, Catharine M", "Anzick, Sarah", "Barbian, Kent", "Cihlar, Tomas", "Martens, Craig", "Scott, Dana P", "Munster, Vincent J", "de Wit, Emmie"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516797", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective therapeutics to treat COVID-19 are urgently needed. While many investigational, approved, and repurposed drugs have been suggested, preclinical data from animal models can guide the search for effective treatments by ruling out treatments without in vivo efficacy. Remdesivir (GS-5734) is a nucleotide analog prodrug with broad antiviral activity1,2, that is currently investigated in COVID-19 clinical trials and recently received Emergency Use Authorization from the US Food and Drug Administration3,4. In animal models, remdesivir treatment was effective against MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV infection.2,5,6 In vitro, remdesivir inhibited replication of SARS-CoV-2.7,8 Here, we investigated the efficacy of remdesivir treatment in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection9. In contrast to vehicle-treated animals, animals treated with remdesivir did not show signs of respiratory disease and had reduced pulmonary infiltrates on radiographs and reduced virus titers in bronchoalveolar lavages 12hrs after the first treatment administration. Virus shedding from the upper respiratory tract was not reduced by remdesivir treatment. At necropsy, lung viral loads of remdesivir-treated animals were lower and there was a reduction in damage to the lungs. Thus, therapeutic remdesivir treatment initiated early during infection had a clinical benefit in SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques. Although the rhesus macaque model does not represent the severe disease observed in a proportion of COVID-19 patients, our data support early remdesivir treatment initiation in COVID-19 patients to prevent progression to pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32323499, "pmcid": "PMC7183840", "title": "Small Solitary Ground-Glass Nodule on CT as an Initial Manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Xia, Tianyi", "Li, Jiawei", "Gao, Jiao", "Xu, Xunhua"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323499", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in 2019 led to large numbers of people being infected and developing atypical pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19). Typical imaging manifestations of patients infected with 2019-nCoV has been reported, but we encountered an atypical radiological manifestation on baseline computed tomography (CT) images in three patients from Wuhan, China infected with the 2019-nCoV. Surprisingly, the only similar CT finding was a solitary sub-centimeter ground-glass nodule adjacent to bronchovascular bundles, which could be easily overlooked. In addition, the follow-up images in these patients showed how COVID-19 pneumonia evolved from these small nodules. The radiologic manifestation of the three cases will expand contemporary understanding of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32525387, "title": "The psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: A lesson for mental health prevention in the first severely hit European country.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Marazziti, Donatella", "Pozza, Andrea", "Di Giuseppe, Mariagrazia", "Conversano, Ciro"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525387", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy was the first European country severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. While the containment measures were relatively effective in the acute phase, the current postemergency phase addressing the long-term psychosocial consequences is the key challenge for our healthcare system, where the importance of mental health prevention is not sufficiently recognized. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32374808, "title": "Violence against women, children, and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: overview, contributing factors, and mitigating measures.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Marques, Emanuele Souza", "Moraes, Claudia Leite de", "Hasselmann, Maria Helena", "Deslandes, Suely Ferreira", "Reichenheim, Michael Eduardo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374808", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354699, "title": "Covid-19: collateral damage of lockdown in India.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dore, Bhavya"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354699", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473007, "title": "A Conceptual Discussion about R0 of SARS-COV-2 in Healthcare Settings.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Temime, Laura", "Gustin, Marie-Paule", "Duval, Audrey", "Buetti, Niccolo", "Crepey, Pascal", "Guillemot, Didier", "Thiebaut, Rodolphe", "Vanhems, Philippe", "Zahar, Jean-Ralph", "Smith, David R M", "Opatowski, Lulla"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473007", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, no specific estimate of R0 for SARS-CoV-2 is available for healthcare settings. Using inter-individual contact data, we highlight that R0 estimates from the community cannot translate directly to healthcare settings, with pre-pandemic R0 values ranging 1.3-7.7 in three illustrative healthcare institutions. This has implications for nosocomial Covid-19 control."}, {"pmid": 32142398, "pmcid": "PMC7233382", "title": "Patients with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 and Normal Chest CT.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Yang, Wenjie", "Yan, Fuhua"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142398", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367007, "pmcid": "PMC7197359", "title": "Diabetic retinopathy screening during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Shih, Kendrick C", "Kwong, Alfred S K", "Wang, Jenny H L", "Wong, Jasper K W", "Ko, Welchie W K", "Lai, Jimmy S M", "Chan, Jonathan C H"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367007", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526209, "title": "Faecal immunohistochemical testing in the COVID-19 era: balancing risk and costs.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Arasaradnam, Ramesh P", "Bhala, Neeraj", "Evans, Charles", "Greenaway, John", "Logan, Robert", "Penman, Ian", "Seward, Edward", "Singh, Baljit", "Smith, Steve", "Stephenson, James A", "Waugh, Norman"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526209", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459061, "title": "Changing practice patterns in head and neck oncologic surgery in the early COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Kiong, Kimberley L", "Guo, Theresa", "Yao, Christopher M K L", "Gross, Neil D", "Hanasono, Matthew M", "Ferrarotto, Renata", "Rosenthal, David I", "Myers, Jeffrey N", "Hanna, Ehab Y", "Lai, Stephen Y"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459061", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed health\u2009care, challenged by resource constraints and fears of transmission. We report the surgical practice pattern changes in a Head and Neck Surgery department of a tertiary cancer care center and discuss the issues surrounding multidisciplinary care during the pandemic. We report data regarding outpatient visits, multidisciplinary treatment planning conference, surgical caseload, and modifications of oncologic therapy during this pandemic and compared this data to the same interval last year. We found a 46.7% decrease in outpatient visits and a 46.8% decrease in surgical caseload, compared to 2019. We discuss the factors involved in the decision-making process and perioperative considerations. Surgical practice patterns in head and neck oncologic surgery will continue to change with the evolving pandemic. Despite constraints, we strive to prioritize and balance the oncologic and safety needs of patients with head and neck cancer in the face of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32414534, "pmcid": "PMC7211749", "title": "Acute meningoencephalitis in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["Chaumont, H", "Etienne, P", "Roze, E", "Couratier, C", "Roger, P-M", "Lannuzel, A"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414534", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353991, "title": "Early Transmission Dynamics of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Nigeria.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Adegboye, Oyelola A", "Adekunle, Adeshina I", "Gayawan, Ezra"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353991", "countries": ["China", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was notified of a novel coronavirus disease in China that was later named COVID-19. On 11 March 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. The first instance of the virus in Nigeria was documented on 27 February 2020. This study provides a preliminary epidemiological analysis of the first 45 days of COVID-19 outbreak in Nigeria. We estimated the early transmissibility via time-varying reproduction number based on the Bayesian method that incorporates uncertainty in the distribution of serial interval (time interval between symptoms onset in an infected individual and the infector), and adjusted for disease importation. By 11 April 2020, 318 confirmed cases and 10 deaths from COVID-19 have occurred in Nigeria. At day 45, the exponential growth rate was 0.07 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.05-0.10) with a doubling time of 9.84 days (95% CI: 7.28-15.18). Separately for imported cases (travel-related) and local cases, the doubling time was 12.88 days and 2.86 days, respectively. Furthermore, we estimated the reproduction number for each day of the outbreak using a three-weekly window while adjusting for imported cases. The estimated reproduction number was 4.98 (95% CrI: 2.65-8.41) at day 22 (19 March 2020), peaking at 5.61 (95% credible interval (CrI): 3.83-7.88) at day 25 (22 March 2020). The median reproduction number over the study period was 2.71 and the latest value on 11 April 2020, was 1.42 (95% CrI: 1.26-1.58). These 45-day estimates suggested that cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria have been remarkably lower than expected and the preparedness to detect needs to be shifted to stop local transmission."}, {"pmid": 32424660, "pmcid": "PMC7233189", "title": "An Italian Experience of Spirituality from the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "J Relig Health", "authors": ["Chirico, Francesco", "Nucera, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424660", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this letter to the editor, the authors tell their personal experience in the fight against Coronavirus pandemic and call for more spirituality needed to battle in the COVID-19 emergency. They commemorate the story of many Italian priests who have died in this tragedy and claim that spiritual skills for healthcare workers are especially important in a disaster scenario like this COVID 19 pandemic, to relieve stress and psychic sufferance of the same healthcare professionals as well as of patients and their families."}, {"pmid": 32320040, "pmcid": "PMC7188109", "title": "Health system, public health, and economic implications of managing COVID-19 from a cardiovascular perspective.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Carter, Paul", "Anderson, Michael", "Mossialos, Elias"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320040", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414982, "title": "Could vets manage Covid-19 better?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Brown, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414982", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294813, "title": "[Expert consensus on preventing nosocomial transmission during respiratory care for critically ill patients infected by 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294813", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Definite evidence has shown that the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) could be transmitted from person to person, so far more than 1 700 bedside clinicians have been infected. A lot of respiratory treatments for critically ill patients are deemed as high-risk factors for nosocomial transmission, such as intubation, manual ventilation by resuscitator, noninvasive ventilation, high-flow nasal cannula, bronchoscopy examination, suction and patient transportation, etc, due to its high possibility to cause or worsen the spread of the virus. As such, we developed this consensus recommendations on all those high-risk treatments, based on the current evidence as well as the resource limitation in some areas, with the aim to reduce the nosocomial transmission and optimize the treatment for the COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Those recommendations include: (1)Standard prevention and protection, and patient isolation; (2)Patient wearing mask during HFNC treatment; (3)Using dual limb ventilator with filters placed at the ventilator outlets, or using heat-moisture exchanger (HME) instead of heated humidification in single limb ventilator with HME placed between exhalation port and mask; avoid using mask with exhalation port on the mask; (4)Placing filter between resuscitator and mask or artificial airway; (5)For spontaneous breathing patients, placing mask for patients during bronchoscopy examination; for patients receiving noninvasive ventilation, using the special mask with bronchoscopy port to perform bronchoscopy; (6)Using sedation and paralytics during intubation, cuff pressure should be maintained between 25-30 cmH(2)O(1 cmH(2)O=0.098 kPa); (7)In-line suction catheter is recommended and it can be used for one week; (8)Dual-limb heated wire circuits are recommended and only changed with visible soiled; (9)For patients who need breathing support during transportation, placing an HME between ventilator and patient; (10)PSV is recommended for implementing spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), avoid using T-piece to do SBT. When tracheotomy patients are weaned from ventilator, HME should be used, avoid using T-piece or tracheostomy mask. (11)Avoid unnecessary bronchial hygiene therapy; (12) For patients who need aerosol therapy, dry powder inhaler metered dose inhaler with spacer is recommended for spontaneous breathing patients; while vibrating mesh nebulizer is recommended for ventilated patients and additional filter is recommended to be placed at the expiratory port of ventilation during nebulization."}, {"pmid": 32532138, "title": "Epidemiology and Clinical Symptoms Related to Seasonal Coronavirus Identified in Patients with Acute Respiratory Infections Consulting in Primary Care over Six Influenza Seasons (2014-2020) in France.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Masse, Shirley", "Capai, Lisandru", "Villechenaud, Natacha", "Blanchon, Thierry", "Charrel, Remi", "Falchi, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532138", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is currently debate about human coronavirus (HCoV) seasonality and pathogenicity, as epidemiological data are scarce. Here, we provide epidemiological and clinical features of HCoV patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) examined in primary care general practice. We also describe HCoV seasonality over six influenza surveillance seasons (week 40 to 15 of each season) from the period 2014/2015 to 2019/2020 in Corsica (France). A sample of patients of all ages presenting for consultation for influenza-like illness (ILI) or ARI was included by physicians of the French Sentinelles Network during this period. Nasopharyngeal samples were tested for the presence of 21 respiratory pathogens by real-time RT-PCR. Among the 1389 ILI/ARI patients, 105 were positive for at least one HCoV (7.5%). On an annual basis, HCoVs circulated from week 48 (November) to weeks 14-15 (May) and peaked in week 6 (February). Overall, among the HCoV-positive patients detected in this study, HCoV-OC43 was the most commonly detected virus, followed by HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-229E. The HCoV detection rates varied significantly with age (p = 0.00005), with the age group 0-14 years accounting for 28.6% (n = 30) of HCoV-positive patients. Fever and malaise were less frequent in HCoV patients than in influenza patients, while sore throat, dyspnoea, rhinorrhoea, and conjunctivitis were more associated with HCoV positivity. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that HCoV subtypes appear in ARI/ILI patients seen in general practice, with characteristic outbreak patterns primarily in winter. This study also identified symptoms associated with HCoVs in patients with ARI/ILI. Further studies with representative samples should be conducted to provide additional insights into the epidemiology and clinical features of HCoVs."}, {"pmid": 32250659, "pmcid": "PMC7193801", "title": "COVID-19 and Cancer: Lessons From a Pooled Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "JCO Glob Oncol", "authors": ["Desai, Aakash", "Sachdeva, Sonali", "Parekh, Tarang", "Desai, Rupak"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250659", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450097, "pmcid": "PMC7243770", "title": "Prescription Restrictions on Hydroxychloroquine Among the Largest Florida Pharmacy Chains During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Hadeler, Edward", "Bray, Fleta"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450097", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437729, "pmcid": "PMC7206418", "title": "Late STEMI and NSTEMI Patients' Emergency Calling in COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Trabattoni, Daniela", "Montorsi, Piero", "Merlino, Luca"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437729", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367576, "pmcid": "PMC7267240", "title": "Saliva is a non-negligible factor in the spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Mol Oral Microbiol", "authors": ["Li, Yuqing", "Ren, Biao", "Peng, Xian", "Hu, Tao", "Li, Jiyao", "Gong, Tao", "Tang, Boyu", "Xu, Xin", "Zhou, Xuedong"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367576", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, a novel emerging coronavirus, has caused severe disease (COVID-19), and rapidly spread worldwide since the beginning of 2020. SARS-CoV-2 mainly spreads by coughing, sneezing, droplet inhalation, and contact. SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in saliva samples, making saliva a potential transmission route for COVID-19. The participants in dental practice confront a particular risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to close contact with the patients and potential exposure to saliva-contaminated droplets and aerosols generated during dental procedures. In addition, saliva-contaminated surfaces could lead to potential cross-infection. Hence, the control of saliva-related transmission in the dental clinic is critical, particularly in the epidemic period of COVID-19. Based on our experience of the COVID-19 epidemic, some protective measures that can help reduce the risk of saliva-related transmission are suggested, in order to avoid the potential spread of SARS-CoV-2 among patients, visitors, and dental practitioners."}, {"pmid": 32271867, "title": "Food Safety and COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Desai, Angel N", "Aronoff, David M"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271867", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345616, "title": "Anti-inflammatory therapy may ameliorate the clinical picture of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Moutsopoulos, Haralampos M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345616", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459857, "title": "D-dimer and mortality in COVID-19: a self-fulfilling prophecy or a pathophysiological clue?", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Breakey, Neal", "Escher, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459857", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a global phenomenon has presented clinicians around the world with multiple challenges. Thromboembolic events are recognised complications of viral infection, but the diagnosis of an acute pulmonary thrombotic complication in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be challenging because of the similarities of presentation, logistical considerations of diagnosis in a patient isolated for infection control reasons and the effects of cognitive errors in diagnostic reasoning. We present the case of a patient who was diagnosed with a pulmonary thrombotic complication during inpatient care for COVID-19. The haemostasis parameters we observed, including increased levels of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII, point towards a relevant involvement of endothelial cells in patients with severe COVID-19. We suggest that it is possible to hypothesise a spectrum of secondarily acquired, prothrombotic coagulopathy mediated by the endothelial interaction with SARS-CoV-2 as a cause of mortality in a subset of patients with a complicated clinical course of COVID-19. We support the recommendation of thromboembolic chemoprophylaxis for inpatients with COVID-19 as a very minimum in the absence of strict contraindications, while recognising that pulmonary thrombotic complications can occur under standard thromboprophylaxis. We suggest that higher, possibly therapeutic levels of anticoagulation might be mandatory for a further subset of patients with COVID-19 where a discrepant evolution of C-reactive protein and D-dimer is observed. Therapeutic levels of anticoagulation are obligatory where new evidence of a macrovascular thrombotic complication has been documented. More research to delineate the macro- and microvascular thrombotic complications of COVID-19, and the therapeutic implications for this patient group is required."}, {"pmid": 32459293, "title": "Opening Hospitals to More Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Making It Safe and Making It Feel Safe.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Asch, David A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32260471, "pmcid": "PMC7235801", "title": "In Vitro Diagnostic Assays for COVID-19: Recent Advances and Emerging Trends.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Vashist, Sandeep Kumar"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32260471", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There have been tremendous advances in in vitro diagnostic (IVD) assays for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The main IVD assays used for COVID-19 employ real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that takes a few hours. But the assay duration has been shortened to 45 min by Cepheid. Of interest is the point-of-care (POC) molecular assay by Abbott that decreased the assay duration to just 5 min. Most molecular tests have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under emergency use authorization (EUA) and are Conformit\u00e9 Europ\u00e9enne (CE) marked. A wide range of serology immunoassays (IAs) have also been developed that complement the molecular assays for the diagnosis of COVID-19. The most prominent IAs are automated chemiluminescent IA (CLIA), manual ELISA, and rapid lateral flow IA (LFIA), which detect the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) produced in persons in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The ongoing research efforts and advances in complementary technologies will pave the way to new POC IVD assays in the coming months. However, the performance of IVD assays needs to be critically evaluated before they are employed for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32418769, "pmcid": "PMC7252000", "title": "The quintuple penalty of obese patients in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Surg Obes Relat Dis", "authors": ["Slim, Karem", "Boirie, Yves"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418769", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314806, "pmcid": "PMC7264502", "title": "Psychological stress of medical staffs during outbreak of COVID-19 and adjustment strategy.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wu, Wenzhi", "Zhang, Yan", "Wang, Pu", "Zhang, Li", "Wang, Guixiang", "Lei, Guanghui", "Xiao, Qiang", "Cao, Xiaochen", "Bian, Yueran", "Xie, Simiao", "Huang, Fei", "Luo, Na", "Zhang, Jingyuan", "Luo, Mingyan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314806", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has a significant impact on public health and poses a challenge to medical staffs, especially to front-line medical staffs who are exposed to direct contact with patients. To understand the psychological stress status of medical staffs during the outbreak of COVID-19. Random sample questionnaire survey was conducted among 2110 medical staffs and 2158 college students in all provinces of china through a questionnaire which was compiled and completed through the Questionnaire Star platform relying on Wechat, QQ and other social software. The differences in psychological stress status of different groups were compared through the analysis of the questionnaire. Results revealed that in all provinces of china, medical staffs scored significantly higher on all items of psychological stress than college students(P<0.001). In Wuhan, medical staff scored significantly higher than college students in all items of psychological stress(P<0.001). While for medical staff, the group in Wuhan area scored significantly higher than the group outside Wuhan on \"Thought of being in danger\", \"The possibility of self-illness\", \"Worrying about family infection\"(P<0.05), \"Poor sleep quality\", \"Needing psychological guidance\" and \"Worrying about being infected\"(P<0.01) items in the psychological stress questionnaire, and in the item of \"Confidence in the victory of the epidemic\", the group in Wuhan area scored significantly lower than the group in the area outside Wuhan(P<0.05). The emotion, cognition, physical and mental response of front-line medical staff showed obvious \"exposure effect\", and psychological crisis intervention strategy can be helpful. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32344111, "pmcid": "PMC7194901", "title": "Vascular surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Unal, Ertekin Utku", "Mavioglu, Hayrettin Levent", "Iscan, Hakki Zafer"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344111", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348692, "title": "COVID-19 Related Genes in Sputum Cells in Asthma: Relationship to Demographic Features and Corticosteroids.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Peters, Michael C", "Sajuthi, Satria", "Deford, Peter", "Christenson, Stephanie", "Rios, Cydney L", "Montgomery, Michael T", "Woodruff, Prescott G", "Mauger, David T", "Erzurum, Serpil C", "Johansson, Mats W", "Denlinger, Loren C", "Jarjour, Nizar N", "Castro, Mario", "Hastie, Annette T", "Moore, Wendy", "Ortega, Victor E", "Bleecker, Eugene R", "Wenzel, Sally E", "Israel, Elliot", "Levy, Bruce D", "Seibold, Max A", "Fahy, John V"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348692", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) mediate viral infection of host cells. We reasoned that differences in ACE2 or TMPRSS2 gene expression in sputum cells among asthma patients may identify subgroups at risk for COVID19 morbidity. We analyzed gene expression for ACE2 and TMPRSS2, and for intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)(rhinovirus receptor as a comparator), in sputum cells from 330 participants in the Severe Asthma Research Program-3 and 79 healthy controls. Gene expression of ACE2 was lower than TMPRSS2, and expression levels of both genes was similar in asthma and health. Among asthma patients, male gender, African Americans race, and history of diabetes mellitus, was associated with higher expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) was associated with lower expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, but treatment with triamcinolone acetonide (TA) did not decrease expression of either gene. These findings differed from those for ICAM-1, where gene expression was increased in asthma and less consistent differences were observed related to gender, race, and use of ICS. Higher expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in males, African Americans, and patients with diabetes mellitus provides rationale for monitoring these asthma subgroups for poor COVID19 outcomes. The lower expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with ICS use warrants prospective study of ICS use as a predictor of decreased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and decreased COVID19 morbidity. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)."}, {"pmid": 32417070, "pmcid": "PMC7211678", "title": "Pandemic preparedness of community pharmacies for COVID-19.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Bahlol, Mohamed", "Dewey, Rebecca Susan"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417070", "countries": ["Egypt"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Community pharmacies provide an important healthcare service, which is broadly established, and constitutes the preferred and initial contact for members of the community. The significant value of community pharmacies was further highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The assessment of community pharmacies preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional interview survey of 1018 community pharmacies working in four regions of Egypt (South, East, Centre, and North). Data collection was conducted from 8-19 April 2020. Availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and medication was better than alcohol (70% conc.). Home delivery services were available in 49.1% of pharmacies. Infection control measures covering interactions between staff were in place in up to 99.5% of pharmacies. Conversely, there was less frequent availability of contactless payment (29.1%), hand sanitizers (62.1%) or masks (86.5%) for customer use, or a separate area for patients with suspected COVID-19 (64%). Verbal customer education (90.4%) was used preferably to written (81.3%). Despite high clinical knowledge and awareness (97.6%-99.2%), only 8.8% of pharmacists had reported suspected COVID-19 cases, however this varied significantly with pharmacist demographics (geographic region P\u00a0<\u00a00.001; pandemic training p\u00a0<\u00a00.001; position p\u00a0=\u00a00.019; age p\u00a0=\u00a00.046). Government and policymakers strive to mitigate the shortage of PPE and medication. More attention should be given to infection control measures around interactions between staff and customers to ensure community pharmacists are fit and able to provide continuity in their important role. Educating customers using regularly-updated posters, banners or signs will contribute to decreasing contact with patients, and reducing the number and duration of visits to the pharmacy. Pandemic preparedness of community pharmacists must also extend to reporting procedures. By avoiding under-reporting or over-reporting, community pharmacists will contribute to accurate monitoring of the national spread of infection."}, {"pmid": 32344226, "pmcid": "PMC7175909", "title": "COVID-19: Disease, management, treatment, and social impact.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ali, Imran", "Alharbi, Omar M L"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344226", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was originated from Wuhan city of Hubei Province in China in December 2019. Since then it has spread in more than 210 countries and territories. It is a viral disease due to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The patients show flu-like symptoms with a dry cough, sore throat, high fever, and breathing problems. The disease due to SARS-CoV-2 was named as COVID-19. About 2.2 million people have been infected with more than 0.15 million deaths globally. The United States of America is the most affected country with the highest patients of about 0.7 million. Despite great efforts, there is no treatment of this disease. However, prevention and management are the best options. This article describes SARS-CoV-2, disease, prevention and management, treatment and social impact on society. It was analyzed that a combination of antiviral drugs with hydroxyl-chloroquine and azithromycin (with the consultation of a medical practitioner) may be the best option to treat the patients, depending on the patient's conditions and symptoms. However, Unani therapy may be useful along with allopathic treatment. It is urgently advised and requested that all the persons should follow the preventive measures, managements and quarantine strictly without any religious discrepancy otherwise the situation may be the worst. Also, there is an urgent requirement to educate our new generation for science and technology to fight against any such disaster in future; if any. There is no need to be panic and proper prevention and management are essential to combat this disease. This article may be useful to create awareness among the public, to prevent, manage and treat COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32287792, "pmcid": "PMC7131829", "title": "How bad will it get?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287792", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the coronavirus death rate may be lower than some estimates, case numbers may be far higher, reports Debora MacKenzie."}, {"pmid": 32363244, "pmcid": "PMC7194663", "title": "Adapting Radiation Therapy Treatments for Patients with Breast Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Hypo-Fractionation and Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation to Address World Health Organization Recommendations.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Al-Rashdan, Abdulla", "Roumeliotis, Michael", "Quirk, Sarah", "Grendarova, Petra", "Phan, Tien", "Cao, Jeffery", "Logie, Natalie", "Smith, Wendy", "Barbera, Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363244", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253179, "title": "Covid-19: Don't apply advance care plans to groups of people, doctors' leaders warn.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253179", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314129, "pmcid": "PMC7169645", "title": "A Case Series of Recurrent Viral RNA Positivity in Recovered COVID-19 Chinese Patients.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Zheng, Kenneth I", "Wang, Xiao-Bo", "Jin, Xiang-Hong", "Liu, Wen-Yue", "Gao, Feng", "Chen, Yong-Ping", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314129", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394549, "pmcid": "PMC7214943", "title": "Psychiatry in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "World Psychiatry", "authors": ["Unutzer, Jurgen", "Kimmel, Ryan J", "Snowden, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394549", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451119, "pmcid": "PMC7167572", "title": "The Early Natural History of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical Observations From an Urban, Ambulatory COVID-19 Clinic.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Cohen, Pieter A", "Hall, Lara E", "John, Janice N", "Rapoport, Alison B"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451119", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468202, "pmcid": "PMC7254976", "title": "A clinical pathway for pre-operative screening of COVID-19 and its influence on clinical outcome in patients with traumatic fractures.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Meng, Yutong", "Leng, Kunpeng", "Shan, Lei", "Guo, Meng", "Zhou, Junlin", "Tian, Qingxian", "Hai, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468202", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic. The toughest issue traumatic orthopaedic surgeons are faced with is how to maintain a balance between adequate COVID-19 screening and timely surgery. In this study, we described our experience with pre-operative COVID-19 screening in patients with traumatic fractures. Furthermore, we analysed the clinical results of fracture patients undergoing confined or emergency surgery during the COVID-19 outbreak. This was a case series study. Patients with traumatic fractures who were admitted to our hospital for surgery were enrolled in this study during the COVID-19 outbreak from March to April 2020. All patients were enrolled and managed using the standardized clinical pathway we designed for preoperative COVID-19 screening. Clinical, laboratory and outcome data were analysed. The average surgery waiting time from injury to surgery was 8.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4\u00a0days. The average waiting time from admission to surgery was 5.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8\u00a0days. These average waiting times were increased by 4.1\u00a0days and 2.0\u00a0days, respectively, compared with 2019 data. Cardiovascular complications, venous thromboembolism and pneumonia occurred in one, two and one patient, respectively. Three and two patients developed pre-operative and postoperative fevers, respectively. We introduced a novel clinical pathway for pre-operatively screening of COVID-19 in traumatic orthopaedic patients. The delay in surgery caused by COVID-19 screening was minimized to a point at which reasonable and acceptable clinical outcomes were achieved. Doctors should pay more attention to perioperative complications, such as cardiovascular complications, venous thromboembolism, pneumonia and fever."}, {"pmid": 32227493, "pmcid": "PMC7228408", "title": "Novel coronavirus treatment with ribavirin: Groundwork for an evaluation concerning COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Khalili, Jahan S", "Zhu, Hai", "Mak, Nga Sze Amanda", "Yan, Yongqi", "Zhu, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227493", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confronting the challenge of the outbreak of COVID-19 should sharpen our focus on global drug access as a key issue in antiviral therapy testing. The testing and adoption of effective therapies for novel coronaviruses are hampered by the challenge of conducting controlled studies during a state of emergency. The access to direct antiviral drugs, such as ribavirin, that have an existing inventory and reliable supply chain may be a priority consideration for therapies developed for the 2019-nCoV infection outbreaks and any strain variants that may emerge. On the basis of the direct antiviral activity of ribavirin against 2019-nCoV in vitro and evidence for potency enhancement strategies developed during the prior SARS and MERS outbreaks, ribavirin may significantly impact our ability to end the lingering outbreaks in China and slow outbreaks in other countries. The apparent COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to follow dosage guidelines for treatment with ribavirin, test new therapeutic concepts, and conduct controlled testing to apply the scientific rigor required to address the controversy around this mainstay of antiviral therapy."}, {"pmid": 32283161, "pmcid": "PMC7195094", "title": "Duration for carrying SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Du, Xinwei", "Yu, Xue", "Li, Qingqing", "Li, Xianyang", "Qin, Tao", "Luo, Qiankun", "Wang, Miaomiao", "Jiang, Minlin", "Bai, Li", "Wang, Xiaoping", "Pan, Yanfeng"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283161", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277179, "title": "Toothbrushing against coronavirus.", "journal": "Br Dent J", "authors": ["Addy, M"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277179", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387474, "pmcid": "PMC7204760", "title": "Children hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter retrospective descriptive study.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Bin", "Liu, Shuyi", "Zhang, Jue", "Xiao, Jijie", "Zhu, Shen", "Dong, Yuhao", "Yuan, Huanchu", "Zhong, Qingyang", "Yang, Ke", "Zou, Yujian", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387474", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513808, "title": "Procedural sedation in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Fawley, Nicholas", "Abdelmalak, Basem"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513808", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Resuming procedural sedation services for elective procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic requires unique considerations to ensure safety for patients and providers. Guidelines for resuming these procedures, including timing, screening and testing, use of personal protective equipment, and case planning are discussed. Approaches to procedural sedation can be modified to reduce the risk of droplet or aerosol transmission by decreasing nasal cannula oxygen supplementation flows. Decreasing the need for oxygen supplement can be accomplished by opioid and sedative sparing strategies, including the use of multimodal analgesia and non-pharmacologic analgesic and anxiolytic interventions. Recommendations are made for patients who are COVID-19 positive and require procedural sedation."}, {"pmid": 32420527, "pmcid": "PMC7213868", "title": "Correction: A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations.", "journal": "Gen Psychiatr", "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420527", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213.]."}, {"pmid": 32388934, "title": "[Scenario-based study of medical resource requirement rapid assessment under the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, T", "Wu, H T", "Wang, L H", "Yang, W Z"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388934", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: COVID-19 outbreak is still under global pandemic. China is facing the risks of importation and local rebound of COVID-19. Under the circumstances, preparations for medical resources are in urgently needed. Methods: Based on current understanding of the disease, we set up five scenarios and use the infectious disease transmission dynamic and pandemic theoretical static models to evaluate the demand for medical resources. Results: Different epidemic strength and strategies of disease control and prevention resulted in different levels of medical resource request, and active control strategy and effective measures could significantly decrease the requirement. During the epidemic rising phase, the cost of prevention and control measures and the requirement of professional response capacities would increase with potential high risk of medical resource demand sharply increasing. Conclusion: Regions with different economic level, population scale, and different prevention and control capabilities should all initiate scientific assessment of medical resource requirement under emergency response and prepare for possible future rebound and epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32292907, "pmcid": "PMC7147214", "title": "Potential TRPV1 blockade to treat severe lung dysfunction in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Janda, Kim D", "Iadarola, Michael J"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292907", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406421, "pmcid": "PMC7219408", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Dialysis: The Experience in Singapore.", "journal": "Kidney Med", "authors": ["En Khoo, Benjamin Zhi", "See, Yong Pey", "Kam Koh, Timothy Jee", "Yeo, See Cheng"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406421", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471056, "title": "The Potency of an Anti-MERS Coronavirus Subunit Vaccine Depends on a Unique Combinatorial Adjuvant Formulation.", "journal": "Vaccines (Basel)", "authors": ["George, Parakkal Jovvian", "Tai, Wanbo", "Du, Lanying", "Lustigman, Sara"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471056", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vaccination is one of the most successful strategies to prevent human infectious diseases. Combinatorial adjuvants have gained increasing interest as they can stimulate multiple immune pathways and enhance the vaccine efficacy of subunit vaccines. We investigated the adjuvanticity of Aluminum (alum) in combination with rASP-1, a protein adjuvant, using the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus MERS-CoV receptor-binding-domain (RBD) vaccine antigen. A highly enhanced anti-MERS-CoV neutralizing antibody response was induced when mice were immunized with rASP-1 and the alum-adjuvanted RBD vaccine in two separate injection sites as compared to mice immunized with RBD + rASP-1 + alum formulated into a single inoculum. The antibodies produced also significantly inhibited the binding of RBD to its cell-associated receptor. Moreover, immunization with rASP-1 co-administered with the alum-adjuvanted RBD vaccine in separate sites resulted in an enhanced frequency of TfH and GC B cells within the draining lymph nodes, both of which were positively associated with the titers of the neutralizing antibody response related to anti-MERS-CoV protective immunity. Our findings not only indicate that this unique combinatorial adjuvanted RBD vaccine regimen improved the immunogenicity of RBD, but also point to the importance of utilizing combinatorial adjuvants for the induction of synergistic protective immune responses."}, {"pmid": 32345523, "pmcid": "PMC7167557", "title": "The Shifting Landscape of Genitourinary Oncology During the COVID-19 Pandemic and how Italian Oncologists Reacted: Results from a National Survey.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Marandino, Laura", "Di Maio, Massimo", "Procopio, Giuseppe", "Cinieri, Saverio", "Beretta, Giordano Domenico", "Necchi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345523", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334118, "pmcid": "PMC7195003", "title": "Clinical value of immune-inflammatory parameters to assess the severity of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhu, Zhe", "Cai, Ting", "Fan, Lingyan", "Lou, Kehong", "Hua, Xin", "Huang, Zuoan", "Gao, Guosheng"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334118", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the clinical value of immune-inflammatory markers to assess the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 127 consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in this study, and classified into non-severe and severe groups. Demographics, symptoms, underlying diseases and laboratory data were collected and assessed for predictive value. Of 127 COVID-19 patients, 16 cases (12.60%) were classified into the severe group. High level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reaction protein (CRP) and hypertension were independent risk factors for the severity of COVID-19. The risk model based on IL-6, CRP and hypertension had the highest area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC). Additionally, the baseline IL-6 was positively correlated with other immune-inflammatory parameters and the dynamic change of IL-6 in the severe cases were parallel to the amelioration of the disease. Our study showed that high level of IL-6, CRP and hypertension were independent risk factors for assessing the severity of COVID-19. The risk model established upon IL-6, CRP and hypertension had the highest predictability in this study. Besides, IL-6 played a pivotal role in the severity of COVID-19 and had a potential value for monitoring the process of severe cases."}, {"pmid": 32113509, "pmcid": "PMC7158903", "title": "COVID-19: combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Stebbing, Justin", "Phelan, Anne", "Griffin, Ivan", "Tucker, Catherine", "Oechsle, Olly", "Smith, Dan", "Richardson, Peter"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113509", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361455, "pmcid": "PMC7195380", "title": "Modelling spatial variations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Africa.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Adekunle, Ibrahim Ayoade", "Onanuga, Abayomi Toyin", "Akinola, Olanrewaju Olugbenga", "Ogunbanjo, Olakitan Wahab"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361455", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical and epidemiological evidence has been advanced for human-to-human transmission of the novel coronavirus rampaging the world since late 2019. Outliers in the human-to-human transmission are yet to be explored. In this study, we examined the spatial density and leaned statistical credence to the global debate. We constructed spatial variations of clusters that examined the nexus between COVID-19 attributable deaths and confirmed cases. We rely on publicly available data on confirmed cases and death across Africa to unravel the unobserved factors, that could be responsible for the spread of COVID-19. We relied on the dynamic system generalised method of moment estimation procedure and found a ~0.045 Covid19 deaths as a result of confirmed cases in Africa. We accounted for cross-sectional dependence and found a basis for the strict orthogonal relationship. Policy measures were discussed."}, {"pmid": 32259121, "pmcid": "PMC7114707", "title": "Daily Situation Report on Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran; March 16, 2020.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259121", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After detection of the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Iran, the National Committee on COVID-19 Epidemiology in Ministry of Health and Medical Education was established. This Committee is official source of gathering, analyzing, and reporting the COVID-19 data in Iran. The data of all sources in the country including, medical care monitoring center (MCMC), Hospitals' Information Systems (HIS), Laboratory portal, the data of the center for communicable disease control (MOH), as well as the data from community health centers are integrated and used in this regards. This factsheet contain daily situation report on coronavirus disease (covid-19) in Iran; March 16, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32362424, "pmcid": "PMC7271070", "title": "Intensive care during the 2019-coronavirus epidemic.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Castro, A", "Escudero-Acha, P", "Penasco, Y", "Leizaola, O", "Martinez de Pinillos Sanchez, V", "Garcia de Lorenzo, A"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362424", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019, the Health Commission of Hubei Province of China first unveiled a group of unexplained cases of pneumonia, which WHO subsequently defined as the new coronavirus of 2019 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 has presented rapid person-to-person transmission and is currently a global pandemic. In the largest number of cases described to date of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease (2019-nCoViD), 26% required care in an intensive care unit (ICU). This pandemic is causing an unprecedented mobilization of the scientific community, which has been associated with an exponentially growing number of publications in relation to it. This narrative literature review aims to gather the main contributions in the area of intensive care to date in relation to the epidemiology, clinic, diagnosis and management of 2019-nCoViD."}, {"pmid": 32249840, "pmcid": "PMC7132217", "title": "Minimizing the risk of COVID-19 among patients on dialysis.", "journal": "Nat Rev Nephrol", "authors": ["Ikizler, T Alp", "Kliger, Alan S"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249840", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171076, "pmcid": "PMC7270627", "title": "Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Zhou, Fei", "Yu, Ting", "Du, Ronghui", "Fan, Guohui", "Liu, Ying", "Liu, Zhibo", "Xiang, Jie", "Wang, Yeming", "Song, Bin", "Gu, Xiaoying", "Guan, Lulu", "Wei, Yuan", "Li, Hui", "Wu, Xudong", "Xu, Jiuyang", "Tu, Shengjin", "Zhang, Yi", "Chen, Hua", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171076", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (\u226518 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1\u00b710, 95% CI 1\u00b703-1\u00b717, per year increase; p=0\u00b70043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5\u00b765, 2\u00b761-12\u00b723; p<0\u00b70001), and d-dimer greater than 1 \u03bcg/mL (18\u00b742, 2\u00b764-128\u00b755; p=0\u00b70033) on admission. Median duration of viral shedding was 20\u00b70 days (IQR 17\u00b70-24\u00b70) in survivors, but SARS-CoV-2 was detectable until death in non-survivors. The longest observed duration of viral shedding in survivors was 37 days. The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 \u03bcg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development."}, {"pmid": 32397011, "pmcid": "PMC7273099", "title": "Epidemiological, clinical, and virological characteristics of 465 hospitalized cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Zhejiang province in China.", "journal": "Influenza Other Respir Viruses", "authors": ["Lian, Jiangshan", "Jin, Xi", "Hao, Shaorui", "Jia, Hongyu", "Cai, Huan", "Zhang, Xiaoli", "Hu, Jianhua", "Zheng, Lin", "Wang, Xiaoyan", "Zhang, Shanyan", "Ye, Chanyuan", "Jin, Ciliang", "Yu, Guodong", "Gu, Jueqing", "Lu, Yingfeng", "Yu, Xiaopeng", "Xiang, Dairong", "Li, Lanjuan", "Liang, Tingbo", "Sheng, Jifang", "Yang, Yida"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397011", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the associated coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have spread throughout China. Previous studies predominantly focused on its place of origin, Wuhan, causing over estimation of the disease severity due to selection bias. We analyzed 465 confirmed cases in Zhejiang province to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and virological characteristics of COVID-19. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, and management data from qRT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients from January 17, 2020, to January 31, 2020, were collected, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis for independent predictors of severe/critical-type COVID-19 and bioinformatic analysis for features of SARS-CoV-2 from Zhejiang province. Among 465 COVID-19 patients, median age was 45\u00a0years, while hypertension, diabetes, and chronic liver disease were the most common comorbidities. History of exposure to the epidemic area was present in 170 (36.56%) and 185 (39.78%) patients were clustered in 77 families. Severe/critical-type of COVID-19 developed in 49 (10.54%) patients. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms, while diarrhea/vomiting was reported in 58 (12.47%) patients. Multivariate analysis revealed eight risk factors for severe/critical COVID-19. Glucocorticoids and antibiotics were administered to 60 (12.90%) and 218(46.88%) patients, respectively. Bioinformatics showed four single amino acid mutations and one amino acid position loss in SARS-CoV-2 from Zhejiang province, with more similarity to humans than to viruses. SARS-CoV-2 showed virological mutations and more human transmission in Zhejiang province, indicating considerable epidemiological and clinical changes. Caution in glucocorticoid and antibiotics use is advisable."}, {"pmid": 32530422, "title": "Limiting the spread of COVID-19 in Africa: one size mitigation strategies do not fit all countries.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Mehtar, Shaheen", "Preiser, Wolfgang", "Lakhe, Ndeye Aissatou", "Bousso, Abdoulaye", "TamFum, Jean-Jacques Muyembe", "Kallay, Oscar", "Seydi, Moussa", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Nachega, Jean B"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492199, "title": "Direct endothelial damage and vasculitis due to SARS-CoV-2 in small bowel submucosa of CoViD-19 patient with diarrhea.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Carnevale, Sergio", "Beretta, Paolo", "Morbini, Patrizia"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492199", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, responsible for CoViD-19, is a new virus that can infect different cellular lines, including endothelia and epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa. At this level, the virus can cause different types of direct damage, even in paucisymptomatic, young patients. Virus can be detected directly with immunohistochemistry techinques. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32482985, "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on the Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Application Process.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["Aiyer, Amiethab A", "Granger, Caroline J", "McCormick, Kyle L", "Cipriano, Cara A", "Kaplan, Jonathan R", "Varacallo, Matthew A", "Dodds, Seth D", "Levine, William N"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482985", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over recent months, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the world as a global pandemic, largely changing the practice of medicine as it was previously known. Physician trainees have not been immune to these changes - uncertainty during this time is undeniable for medical students at all levels of training. Of particular importance is the potential impact of COVID-19 on the upcoming residency application process for rising fourth year students; a further source of added complexity in light of the newly integrated allopathic and osteopathic match in the 2020-2021 cycle. Due to the impact COVID-19 could have on the residency match, insight regarding inevitable alterations to the application process and how medical students can adapt is in high demand. Further, it is very possible that programs will inquire about how applicants spent their time while not in the hospital due to COVID-19, and applicants should be prepared to provide a meaningful answer. While competitive at a basal level, the complexity of COVID-19 now presents an unforeseen, superimposed development in the quest to match. In this article, we aim to discuss and provide potential strategies for navigating the impact of COVID-19 on the residency application process for orthopaedic surgery."}, {"pmid": 32352487, "title": "Petechial Skin Rash Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.", "journal": "JAMA Dermatol", "authors": ["Diaz-Guimaraens, Borja", "Dominguez-Santas, Miguel", "Suarez-Valle, Ana", "Pindado-Ortega, Cristina", "Selda-Enriquez, Gerald", "Bea-Ardebol, Sonia", "Fernandez-Nieto, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352487", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213482, "title": "Covid-19 and long term conditions: what if you have cancer, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Extance, Andy"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213482", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32185669, "pmcid": "PMC7089199", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: infection control protocol inside computed tomography suites.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Nakajima, Kento", "Kato, Hideaki", "Yamashiro, Tsuneo", "Izumi, Toshiharu", "Takeuchi, Ichiro", "Nakajima, Hideaki", "Utsunomiya, Daisuke"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185669", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) causes a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. It spread rapidly and globally. CT imaging is helpful for the evaluation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Infection control inside the CT suites is also important to prevent hospital-related transmission of COVID-19. We present our experience with infection control protocol for COVID-19 inside the CT suites."}, {"pmid": 32468203, "pmcid": "PMC7255825", "title": "Pandemic response protocol of a non-frontline specialty in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre-a pilot model in orthopaedics.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Chellamuthu, Girinivasan", "Muthu, Sathish"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468203", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "3,181,642 cases and 224,301 deaths in 212 regions of the world-this is the status of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic as of May 1, 2020. This pandemic has managed to overwhelm the health care system of the most advanced countries in the world. As the whole of the medical fraternity stands robed as health care professionals to fight against COVID-19, specialty emergencies like trauma continue to pester the already overburdened health care community. This situation calls for the need for a pandemic response protocol (PREP) in each specialty that helps the doctors to manage specialty emergencies without chaos and at the same time allowing them to play their part in pandemic management. PREP as an integrated pragmatic approach is essential in containing pandemics as they need international cooperation at various levels starting from knowledge sharing to monetary support. PREP which is in line with the WHO action plan, will be an essential minimum response of a non-frontline pandemic response specialty like orthopedics to combat and curtail the effects of a pandemic in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre."}, {"pmid": 32404316, "title": "Covid-19: Return of Monday morning rush hour.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Shepherd, Alison"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404316", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406755, "title": "Pregnancy, Birth and the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.", "journal": "Med Anthropol", "authors": ["Davis-Floyd, Robbie", "Gutschow, Kim", "Schwartz, David A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406755", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "How quickly and in what ways are US maternity care practices changing due to the COVID-19 pandemic? Our data indicate that partners and doulas are being excluded from birthing rooms leaving mothers unsupported, while providers face lack of protective equipment and unclear guidelines. We investigate rapidly shifting protocols for in- and out-of-hospital births and the decision making behind them. We ask, will COVID-19 cause women, families, and providers to look at birthing in a different light? And will this pandemic offer a testing ground for future policy changes to generate effective maternity care amidst pandemics and other types of disasters?"}, {"pmid": 32527341, "title": "[Analysis of the clinical characteristics and early warning model construction of severe/critical coronavirus disease 2019 patients].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Xu, Jing", "Zhao, Fengde", "Han, Mingfeng", "Ma, Lei", "Zhang, Ting"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527341", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the clinical characteristics of critical patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), build an early warning model for severe/critical type, and aim at providing reference for the prediction of severe/critical COVID-19. The clinical data of COVID-19 patients treated in the Second People' Hospital of Fuyang City from January 20th to February 18th in 2020 were retrospective analyzed, including the demographic and epidemiological date, vital signs and hematology indexes, etc. on admission. Patients were divided into the normal type (set as normal group) and severe/critical type (set as severe group) according to the COVID-19 treatment plan classification standard published by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. The differences between two groups were compared, and the variables with statistical significance were incorporated in the multivariate binary unconditional Logistic regression analysis to screen the risk factors of severe/critical type. Risk factors were summarized to establish an early warning model, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was carried out to evaluate the significance of the early warning model in the screening of critically COVID-19. A total of 155 patients with COVID-19 were admitted, including 125 patients of normal type and 30 patients of severe/critical type. (1) Compared with normal group, patients in severe group were older, and with higher proportion of basic diseases, higher body mass index (BMI), higher incidence of tachypnea, persistent high fever, peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 0.95, while the white blood cell count (WBC), CD4+T lymphocyte, CD8+T lymphocyte, lymphocyte count (LYM) were decreased obviously, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid a protein (SAA), and CT showed higher incidence of multi-pulmonary lobe lesions. There were no significant differences of gender, travel history from Wuhan, smoking history, shock index (SI) and CD4+/CD8+ ratio between the two groups. (2) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age \u2265 60 years old [odds ratio (OR) = 1.620, P = 0.031], combined with underlying diseases (OR = 1.521, P = 0.044), persistent high fever (OR = 2.469, P = 0.014), WBC < 2.0\u00d7109/L and/or LYM < 0.4\u00d7109/L (OR = 3.079, P = 0.006), pulmonary multilobar lesions (OR = 1.367, P = 0.047), and IL-6 \u2265 30 ng/L (OR = 2.426, P = 0.010) were the risk factors of severe/critical COVID-19. (3) The OR value corresponding to each risk factors were scored by rounding. Two points were scored for age \u2265 60 years old, with underlying diseases, persistent high fever and IL-6 \u2265 30 ng/L, 3 points for WBC < 2.0\u00d7109/L and/or LYM < 0.4\u00d7109/L, 1 point for pulmonary multilobar lesions, and totally calculated as early warning model scores. The early warning model score of the severe group was significantly higher than that of the normal group (9.33\u00b12.79 vs. 5.04\u00b12.38, t = 9.010, P = 0.001). (4) The ROC curve analysis showed the area under ROC curve (AUC) of early warning model on the early screening of severe/critical patients in COVID-19 was 0.944, and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.903-0.985; and the sensitivity and specificity were 93.3% and 72.0% respectively while the cut-off was 6.5. There are many differences between severe/critical and mild COVID-19 patients. The establishment of early warning model could help to screen severe/critical patients at an early stage, with certain significance for guiding treatment."}, {"pmid": 32123989, "pmcid": "PMC7079863", "title": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infections in China: prevention, control and challenges.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Sheng", "Diao, Meng Yuan", "Duan, Liwei", "Lin, Zhaofen", "Chen, Dechang"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32123989", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309816, "pmcid": "PMC7162635", "title": "Modified Routine Cardiac Imaging Surveillance of Adult Cancer Patients and Survivors during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JACC CardioOncol", "authors": ["Calvillo-Arguelles, Oscar", "Abdel-Qadir, Husam", "Ky, Bonnie", "Liu, Jennifer E", "Lopez-Mattei, Juan C", "Amir, Eitan", "Thavendiranathan, Paaladinesh"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309816", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515380, "title": "Endocrine vigilance in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Velayoudom, Fritz-Line", "Alwis Wijewickrama, Piyumi Sachindra", "Ranathunga, H Ishara", "Somasundaram, Noel"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515380", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus responsible for a pandemic that emerged in December 2019. Heterogeneous clinical forms are described from asymptomatic to severe hypoxaemic acute respiratory syndrome with multisystem organ failure. The impact of this coronavirus disease 2019 on the endocrine glands remains unknown. However, the results of previous studies on viruses from the same family allow us to write proposals for patients followed for chronic endocrine diseases. Currently, if these subjects are infected with SARS-CoV-2, they must not stop their treatment. In some cases, hormone replacement doses have to be increased. In case of worsening clinical signs, hormonal biological monitoring must be done. This article will be helpful for improving the management of chronic endocrine diseases that could affect thyroid, adrenals, gonads and pituitary gland functions. Proposals could be applied in COVID-19 infected subjects or in those who have been in contact with COVID-19 infected people."}, {"pmid": 32310735, "title": "Pediatric Surgery in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A", "authors": ["Wulkan, Mark L"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310735", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273594, "pmcid": "PMC7143200", "title": "COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Cao, Xuetao"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273594", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444797, "pmcid": "PMC7242892", "title": "BBMRI-ERIC's contributions to research and knowledge exchange on COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Hum Genet", "authors": ["Holub, Petr", "Kozera, Lukasz", "Florindi, Francesco", "van Enckevort, Esther", "Swertz, Morris", "Reihs, Robert", "Wutte, Andrea", "Valik, Dalibor", "Mayrhofer, Michaela Th"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444797", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, the European biobanking infrastructure is in a unique position to preserve valuable biological material complemented with detailed data for future research purposes. Biobanks can be either integrated into healthcare, where preservation of the biological material is a fork in clinical routine diagnostics and medical treatment processes or they can also host prospective cohorts or material related to clinical trials. The paper discussed objectives of BBMRI-ERIC, the European research infrastructure established to facilitate access to quality-defined biological materials and data for research purposes, with respect to the COVID-19 crisis: (a) to collect information on available European as well as non-European COVID-19-relevant biobanking resources in BBMRI-ERIC Directory and to facilitate access to these via BBMRI-ERIC Negotiator platform; (b) to help harmonizing guidelines on how data and biological material is to be collected to maximize utility for future research, including large-scale data processing in artificial intelligence, by participating in activities such as COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative; (c) to minimize risks for all involved parties dealing with (potentially) infectious material by developing recommendations and guidelines; (d) to provide a European-wide platform of exchange in relation to ethical, legal, and societal issues (ELSI) specific to the collection of biological material and data during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32343444, "pmcid": "PMC7267369", "title": "Special considerations for elderly patients with head and neck cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Sharma, Arun", "Crosby, Dana L"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343444", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Elderly patients with head and neck cancer are at increased risk of adverse outcomes during and after treatment of head and neck cancer. COVID-19 severity and mortality can be expected to be significantly greater in elderly patients with head and neck cancer, given that increased age, comorbidities, and presence of malignancy are known risk factors for disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, their management requires multidisciplinary consensus and patient input. A thorough geriatric assessment, which has been shown to be beneficial prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, could be particularly helpful in this patient population with the added dimension of COVID-19 risk. In many cases, prudent treatment plan modification may allow for overall best outcomes. Furthermore, recruitment of social services and, when appropriate, palliative care, may allow for optimal management of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32346492, "pmcid": "PMC7186198", "title": "Expert recommendations on blood purification treatment protocol for patients with severe COVID-19: Recommendation and consensus.", "journal": "Chronic Dis Transl Med", "authors": ["Yang, Xiang-Hong", "Sun, Ren-Hua", "Zhao, Ming-Yan", "Chen, Er-Zhen", "Liu, Jiao", "Wang, Hong-Liang", "Yang, Rong-Li", "Chen, De-Chang"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346492", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in Wuhan in December 2019. The World Health Organization defined the subsequent outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide as a public health emergency of international concern. Epidemiological data indicate that at least 20% of COVID-19 patients have severe disease. In addition to impairment of the respiratory system, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication. Immune damage mediated by cytokine storms and concomitant AKI is a key factor for poor prognosis. Based on previous experience of blood purification for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome combined with clinical front-line practice, we developed a blood purification protocol for patients with severe COVID-19. This protocol is divided into four major steps. The first step is to assess whether patients with severe COVID-19 require blood purification. The second step is to prescribe a blood purification treatment for patients with COVID-19. The third step is to monitor and adjust parameters of blood purification. The fourth step is to evaluate the timing of discontinuation of blood purification. It is expected that blood purification will play a key role in effectively reducing the mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 through the standardized implementation of the present protocol."}, {"pmid": 32380474, "title": "ENDOCRINOLOGY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: Management of diabetes insipidus and hyponatraemia.", "journal": "Eur J Endocrinol", "authors": ["Christ-Crain, Mirjam", "Hoorn, Ewout J", "Sherlock, Mark", "Thompson, Chris J", "Wass, John A H"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380474", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has changed the nature of medical consultations, emphasizing virtual patient counseling, with relevance for patients with diabetes insipidus (DI) or hyponatraemia. The main complication of desmopressin treatment in DI is dilutional hyponatraemia. Since plasma sodium monitoring is not always possible in times of COVID-19, we recommend to delay the desmopressin dose once a week until aquaresis occurs allowing excess retained water to be excreted. Patients should measure their body weight daily. Patients with DI admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 have a high risk for mortality due to volume depletion. Specialists must supervise fluid replacement and dosing of desmopressin. Patients after pituitary surgery should drink to thirst and measure their body weight daily to early recognize the development of the postoperative syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD). They should know hyponatraemia symptoms. The prevalence of hyponatraemia in patients with pneumonia due to COVID-19 is not yet known, but seems to be low. In contrast, hypernatraemia may develop in COVID-19 patients in ICU, from different multifactorial reasons, for example, due to insensible water losses from pyrexia, increased respiration rate and use of diuretics. Hypernatraemic dehydration may contribute to the high risk of acute kidney injury in COVID-19. IV fluid replacement should be administered with caution in severe cases of COVID-19 because of the risk of pulmonary oedema."}, {"pmid": 32494931, "pmcid": "PMC7268974", "title": "Novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Mol Med (Berl)", "authors": ["Hossein-Khannazer, Nikoo", "Shokoohian, Bahare", "Shpichka, Anastasia", "Aghdaei, Hamid Asadzadeh", "Timashev, Peter", "Vosough, Massoud"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494931", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, there is no licensed treatment or approved vaccine to combat the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), and the number of new cases and mortality multiplies every day. Therefore, it is essential to develop an effective treatment strategy to control the virus spread and prevent the disease. Here, we summarized the therapeutic approaches that are used to treat this infection. Although it seems that antiviral drugs are effective in improving clinical manifestation, there is no definite treatment protocol. Lymphocytopenia, excessive inflammation, and cytokine storm followed by acute respiratory distress syndrome are still unsolved issues causing the severity of this disease. Therefore, immune response modulation and inflammation management can be considered as an essential step. There is no doubt that more studies are required to clarify immunopathogenesis and immune response; however, new therapeutic approaches including mesenchymal stromal cell and immune cell therapy showed inspiring results."}, {"pmid": 32367794, "pmcid": "PMC7218180", "title": "Recommendations for emergency departments receiving patients with vital signs absent from paramedics during COVID-19.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Nolan, Brodie", "Chartier, Lucas B", "Verbeek, P Richard", "Huyer, Dirk", "Mazurik, Laurie"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367794", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405452, "pmcid": "PMC7219389", "title": "B-cell depleting therapies may affect susceptibility to acute respiratory illness among patients with Multiple Sclerosis during the early COVID-19 epidemic in Iran.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Safavi, Farinaz", "Nourbakhsh, Bardia", "Azimi, Amir Reza"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405452", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32412400, "title": "Covid-19 and Kawasaki syndrome: should we really be surprised?", "journal": "Cardiol Young", "authors": ["Loomba, Rohit S", "Villarreal, Enrique", "Flores, Saul"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412400", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184474, "title": "How China is planning to go to Mars amid the coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184474", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32200399, "title": "Mental Health Strategies to Combat the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Beyond Paranoia and Panic.", "journal": "Ann Acad Med Singapore", "authors": ["Ho, Cyrus Sh", "Chee, Cornelia Yi", "Ho, Roger Cm"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200399", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508308, "title": "Considerations for cancer immunotherapy biomarker research during COVID-19.", "journal": "Endocr Relat Cancer", "authors": ["Carlisle, Jennifer W", "Jansen, Caroline S", "Bilen, Mehmet Asim", "Kissick, Haydn"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508308", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358955, "pmcid": "PMC7197591", "title": "Still much to learn about the diagnostic role of SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Di Giambenedetto, Simona", "Ciccullo, Arturo", "Posteraro, Brunella", "Lombardi, Francesca", "Borghetti, Alberto", "Sanguinetti, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358955", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433817, "title": "Prolonged Confusional state as first manifestation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Clin Transl Neurol", "authors": ["Butt, Isabel", "Sawlani, Vijay", "Geberhiwot, Tarekegn"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433817", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 77 year old gentleman, normally fit and well, was admitted with acute confusion. On admission GCS was 14/15, vital signs were within the normal limits and bilateral crepitation at the lung base. Head CT scan normal. CXR showed some air space opacification. Investigations revealed hyponatraemia, raised CRP and positive for COVID-19. Treated with antibiotics and intravenous saline, sodium returned to normal. Delirium remained unchanged four weeks post incidence. Neurological manifestations were documented in patients with COVID-19, however no report has shown delirium as a primary manifestation. This case illustrates acute confusion may be the only presenting symptom of COVID-19 without overt lung disease."}, {"pmid": 32425263, "pmcid": "PMC7229916", "title": "The delights and perils of publishing, knowledge-sharing and critique during a pandemic: Observations from COVID-19 coagulopathies.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Kazi, Sajida", "Malinowski, A Kinga", "Othman, Maha"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425263", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353542, "pmcid": "PMC7184984", "title": "The Battle of Humans and COVID-19: A War Without Smoke.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Zhang, Jun", "Wang, Haili", "Li, Yuping", "Dong, Lun"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353542", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278097, "pmcid": "PMC7141635", "title": "The Role and Response of Palliative Care and Hospice Services in Epidemics and Pandemics: A Rapid Review to Inform Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Etkind, Simon N", "Bone, Anna E", "Lovell, Natasha", "Cripps, Rachel L", "Harding, Richard", "Higginson, Irene J", "Sleeman, Katherine E"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278097", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are escalating rapidly across the globe, with the mortality risk being especially high among those with existing illness and multimorbidity. This study aimed to synthesize evidence for the role and response of palliative care and hospice teams to viral epidemics/pandemics and inform the COVID-19 pandemic response. We conducted a rapid systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines in five databases. Of 3094 articles identified, 10 were included in this narrative synthesis. Included studies were from West Africa, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, the U.S., and Italy. All had an observational design. Findings were synthesized using a previously proposed framework according to systems (policies, training and protocols, communication and coordination, and data), staff (deployment, skill mix, and resilience), space (community provision and use of technology), and stuff (medicines and equipment as well as personal protective equipment). We conclude that hospice and palliative services have an essential role in the response to COVID-19 by responding rapidly and flexibly; ensuring protocols for symptom management are available, and training nonspecialists in their use; being involved in triage; considering shifting resources into the community; considering redeploying volunteers to provide psychosocial and bereavement care; facilitating camaraderie among staff and adopting measures to deal with stress; using technology to communicate with patients and carers; and adopting standardized data collection systems to inform operational changes and improve care."}, {"pmid": 32378466, "title": "The COVID-19 challenge.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["While, Alison", "Nightingale, Florence"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378466", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360793, "pmcid": "PMC7189846", "title": "Ramping Up the Delivery of Cardiac Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Guidance Statement From the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Hassan, Ansar", "Arora, Rakesh C", "Lother, Sylvain A", "Adams, Corey", "Bouchard, Denis", "Cook, Richard", "Gunning, Derek", "Lamarche, Yoan", "Malas, Tarek", "Moon, Michael", "Ouzounian, Maral", "Rao, Vivek", "Rubens, Fraser", "Tremblay, Philippe", "Whitlock, Richard", "Moss, Emmanuel", "Legare, Jean-Francois"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360793", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a profound global effect. Its rapid transmissibility has forced whole countries to adopt strict measures to contain its spread. As part of necessary pandemic planning, most Canadian cardiac surgical programs have prioritized and delayed elective procedures in an effort to reduce the burden on the health care system and to mobilize resources in the event of a pandemic surge. While the number of COVID-19 cases continue to increase worldwide, new cases have begun to decline in many jurisdictions. This \"flattening of the curve\" has inevitably prompted discussions around reopening of the economy, relaxing some public health restrictions, and resuming nonurgent health care delivery. This document provides a template for cardiac surgical programs to begin to ramp-up the delivery of cardiac surgery in a deliberate and graded fashion as the COVID-19 pandemic burden begins to ease that is guided by 3 principles. First, all recommendations from public health authorities regarding COVID-19 containment must continue to be followed to minimize disease spread, ensure patient safety, and protect health care personnel. Second, patients awaiting elective cardiac surgery need to be proactively managed, reprioritizing those with high-risk anatomy or whose clinical status is deteriorating. Finally, case volumes should be steadily increased in a mutually agreed upon fashion and must balance the clinical needs of patients awaiting surgery against the overall requirements of the health care system."}, {"pmid": 32375919, "pmcid": "PMC7264443", "title": "Community-Based Epidemic Prevention in Taiwan: Combating the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Crisis.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Lo, Huei-Wen Angela", "Huang, Joh-Jong", "Chen, Cheng-Chung", "Tsai, Duujian", "Chou, Frank Huang-Chih", "Shieh, Vincent"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375919", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437838, "pmcid": "PMC7211613", "title": "Clinical course of asthma in 4 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 infection.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Codispoti, Christopher D", "Bandi, Sindhura", "Patel, Payal", "Mahdavinia, Mahboobeh"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437838", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303696, "pmcid": "PMC7186930", "title": "Macrophages: a Trojan horse in COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Park, Matthew D"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303696", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32135077, "pmcid": "PMC7124555", "title": "COVID-19 and the anti-lessons of history.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Peckham, Robert"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32135077", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525549, "title": "Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Fecal Viral Shedding in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Parasa, Sravanthi", "Desai, Madhav", "Thoguluva Chandrasekar, Viveksandeep", "Patel, Harsh K", "Kennedy, Kevin F", "Roesch, Thomas", "Spadaccini, Marco", "Colombo, Matteo", "Gabbiadini, Roberto", "Artifon, Everson L A", "Repici, Alessandro", "Sharma, Prateek"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525549", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic and can involve the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including symptoms like diarrhea and shedding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in feces. To provide a pooled estimate of GI symptoms, liver enzyme levels outside reference ranges, and fecal tests positive for SARS-CoV-2 among patients with COVID-19. An electronic literature search was performed for published (using MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase) and preprint (using bioRxiv and medRxiv) studies of interest conducted from November 1, 2019, to March 30, 2020. Search terms included \"COVID-19,\" \"SARS-Cov-2,\" and/or \"novel coronavirus.\" Eligible studies were those including patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who reported GI symptoms. Data on patients with GI symptoms (ie, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting), liver enzyme level changes, and fecal shedding of virus were extracted. Quality of studies was examined using methodological index for nonrandomized studies. Pooled estimates (%) were reported with 95% CIs with level of heterogeneity (I2). Study and patient characteristics with pooled detection rates for diarrhea, nausea or vomiting, liver enzyme levels outside reference ranges, and SARS-CoV-2 positivity in feces tests were analyzed. Of 1484 records reviewed, 23 published and 6 preprint studies were included in the analysis, with a total of 4805 patients (mean [SD] age, 52.2 [14.8] years; 1598 [33.2%] women) with COVID-19. The pooled rates were 7.4% (95% CI, 4.3%-12.2%) of patients reporting diarrhea and 4.6% (95% CI, 2.6%-8.0%) of patients reporting nausea or vomiting. The pooled rate for aspartate aminotransferase levels outside reference ranges was 20% (95% CI, 15.3%-25.6%) of patients, and the pooled rate for alanine aminotransferase levels outside reference ranges was 14.6% (95% CI, 12.8%-16.6%) of patients. Fecal tests that were positive for SARS-CoV-2 were reported in 8 studies, and viral RNA shedding was detected in feces in 40.5% (95% CI, 27.4%-55.1%) of patients. There was high level of heterogeneity (I2\u2009=\u200994%), but no statistically significant publication bias noted. These findings suggest that that 12% of patients with COVID-19 will manifest GI symptoms; however, SAR-CoV-2 shedding was observed in 40.5% of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. This highlights the need to better understand what measures are needed to prevent further spread of this highly contagious pathogen."}, {"pmid": 32327300, "pmcid": "PMC7162751", "title": "Access to Care for Dementia Patients Suffering From COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Cipriani, Gabriele", "Fiorino, Mario Di"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327300", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385055, "title": "COVID-19 and Keeping Clean: A Narrative Review to Ascertain the Efficacy of Personal Protective Equipment to Safeguard Healthcare Workers Against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Hosp Pediatr", "authors": ["Sud, Sohil R"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385055", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379314, "pmcid": "PMC7239179", "title": "Letter: Emergency Response Plan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The University of Alabama at Birmingham Experience.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Laskay, Nicholas M B", "Estevez-Ordonez, Dagoberto", "Omar, Nidal B", "Chagoya, Gustavo", "Atchley, Travis J", "Elsayed, Galal A", "Shank, Christopher D", "Dalgo, Caitlin E", "Guthrie, Barton L", "Rozzelle, Curtis J", "Markert, James M"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379314", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406001, "pmcid": "PMC7220846", "title": "COVID-19 with rheumatic diseases: a report of 5 cases.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Cheng, Chuanfang", "Li, Chuanjing", "Zhao, Tao", "Yue, Jing", "Yang, Fang", "Yan, Yimin", "Liu, Xiaoan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406001", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the result of an infection with the new virus, SARS-CoV-2, is rapidly spreading worldwide. It is largely unknown whether the occurrence of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic immune diseases has some specific manifestations, or makes them more prone to rapidly progress into severe COVID-19. In this case report, we describe the clinical features of 5 rheumatic immune disease patients with the concomitant presence of COVID-19. Amongst these patients, 4 had rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 1 had systemic sclerosis (SSc). Two patients had a history of close contact with a COVID-19 patient. The age of the patients ranged between 51 and 79\u00a0years. Fever (80%), cough (80%), dyspnea (40%), and fatigue (20%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Laboratory investigations revealed leukopenia and lymphopenia in 2 patients. In all the patients, chest computerized tomography (CT) revealed patchy ground glass opacities in the lungs. During the hospital stay, the condition of two patients remained the same (i.e., mild COVID-19), two patients progressed to the severe COVID-19, and one patient worsened to the critically ill COVID-19. These patients were treated with antiviral agents for COVID-19, antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections, and immunomodulatory agents for rheumatic immune diseases. All the patients responded well, were cured of COVID-19, and subsequently discharged."}, {"pmid": 32385672, "pmcid": "PMC7206576", "title": "COVID-19 and Cancer: a Comprehensive Review.", "journal": "Curr Oncol Rep", "authors": ["Gosain, Rohit", "Abdou, Yara", "Singh, Abhay", "Rana, Navpreet", "Puzanov, Igor", "Ernstoff, Marc S"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385672", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged to be the biggest global health threat worldwide, which has now infected over 1.7 million people and claimed more than 100,000 lives around the world. Under these unprecedented circumstances, there are no well-established guidelines for cancer patients. The risk for serious disease and death in COVID-19 cases increases with advancing age and presence of comorbid health conditions. Since the emergence of the first case in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, tremendous research efforts have been underway to understand the mechanisms of infectivity and transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a fatal virus responsible for abysmal survival outcomes. To minimize the mortality rate, it becomes prudent to identify symptoms promptly and employ treatments appropriately. Even though no cure has been established, multiple clinical trials are underway to determine the most optimal strategy. Managing cancer patients under these circumstances is rather challenging, given their vulnerable status and the aggressive nature of their underlying disease. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the impact of COVID-19 on health and the immune system of those affected, reviewing the latest treatment approaches and ongoing clinical trials. Additionally, we discuss challenges faced while treating cancer patients and propose potential approaches to manage this vulnerable population during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32362051, "pmcid": "PMC7267636", "title": "Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome to hydroxychloroquine, an old drug in the spotlight in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Grandolfo, Mauro", "Romita, Paolo", "Bonamonte, Domenico", "Cazzato, Gerardo", "Hansel, Katharina", "Stingeni, Luca", "Conforti, Claudio", "Giuffrida, Roberta", "Foti, Caterina"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362051", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323577, "pmcid": "PMC7192200", "title": "What the oncologist needs to know about COVID-19 infection in cancer patients.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Rassy, Elie", "Khoury-Abboud, Rita-Maria", "Ibrahim, Nathalie", "Kattan, Clarisse", "Assi, Tarek", "Kattan, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323577", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302459, "title": "COVID-19 and acute coagulopathy in pregnancy.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Koumoutsea, Evangelia Vlachodimitropoulou", "Vivanti, Alexandre J", "Shehata, Nadine", "Benachi, Alexandra", "Le Gouez, Agnes", "Desconclois, Celine", "Whittle, Wendy", "Snelgrove, John", "Malinowski, Ann Kinga"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302459", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a putative link between maternal COVID-19 infection in the peripartum period and rapid maternal deterioration with early organ dysfunction and coagulopathy. The current pandemic with SARS-CoV-2 has already resulted in high numbers of critically ill patients and deaths in the non-pregnant population, mainly due to respiratory failure. During viral outbreaks, pregnancy poses a uniquely increased risk to women due to changes to immune function, alongside physiological adaptive alterations, such as increased oxygen consumption and edema of the respiratory tract. The laboratory derangements may be reminiscent of HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count) syndrome, and thus knowledge of the COVID-19 relationship is paramount for appropriate diagnosis and management. In addition to routine measurements of D-dimers, prothrombin time, and platelet count in all patients presenting with COVID-19 as per International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) guidance, monitoring of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen levels should be considered in pregnancy, as highlighted in this report. These investigations in SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women are vital, as their derangement may signal a more severe COVID-19 infection, and may warrant pre-emptive admission and consideration of delivery to achieve maternal stabilization."}, {"pmid": 32333843, "pmcid": "PMC7176380", "title": "First experience of COVID-19 screening of health-care workers in England.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Hunter, Ewan", "Price, David A", "Murphy, Elizabeth", "van der Loeff, Ina Schim", "Baker, Kenneth F", "Lendrem, Dennis", "Lendrem, Clare", "Schmid, Matthias L", "Pareja-Cebrian, Lucia", "Welch, Andrew", "Payne, Brendan A I", "Duncan, Christopher J A"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333843", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490832, "title": "Radiological approach to COVID-19 pneumonia: Attention should be paid to pulmonary embolism and radiation exposure.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Ufuk, Furkan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490832", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512611, "title": "Endocrine Conditions and COVID-19.", "journal": "Horm Metab Res", "authors": ["Shekhar, Skand", "Wurth, Rachel", "Kamilaris, Crystal D C", "Eisenhofer, Graeme", "Barrera, Francisco J", "Hajdenberg, Michelle", "Tonleu, Joselyne", "Hall, Janet E", "Schiffrin, Ernesto L", "Porter, Forbes", "Stratakis, Constantine A", "Hannah-Shmouni, Fady"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512611", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic by the WHO and has affected millions of patients around the world. COVID-19 disproportionately affects persons with endocrine conditions, thus putting them at an increased risk for severe disease. We discuss the mechanisms that place persons with endocrine conditions at an additional risk for severe COVID-19 and review the evidence. We also suggest precautions and management of endocrine conditions in the setting of global curfews being imposed and offer practical tips for uninterrupted endocrine care."}, {"pmid": 32358312, "title": "Four Strategies for Plastic Surgery Education Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Plast Reconstr Surg", "authors": ["Kania, Kasia", "Abu-Ghname, Amjed", "Agrawal, Nikhil", "Maricevich, Renata S"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358312", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398431, "pmcid": "PMC7219863", "title": "Our response to \"A response to: Determining Urgent/Emergent status of Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopic Procedures in an Ambulatory Care Setting during the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19)\".", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Rah, Kang H", "Platovsky, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398431", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250505, "pmcid": "PMC7228382", "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Characteristics in children and considerations for dentists providing their care.", "journal": "Int J Paediatr Dent", "authors": ["Mallineni, Sreekanth Kumar", "Innes, Nicola P", "Raggio, Daniela Procida", "Araujo, Mariana Pinheiro", "Robertson, Mark D", "Jayaraman, Jayakumar"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250505", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to a global pandemic and one of the most significant challenges to the healthcare profession. Dental practices are focal points for cross-infection, and care must be taken to minimise the risk of infection to, from, or between dental care professionals and patients. The COVID-19 epidemiological and clinical characteristics are still being collated but children's symptoms seem to be milder than those that adults experience. It is unknown whether certain groups, for example children with comorbidities, might be at a higher risk of more severe illness. Emerging data on disease spread in children, affected by COVID-19, have not been presented in detail. The purpose of this article was to report current data on the paediatric population affected with COVID-19 and highlight considerations for dentists providing care for children during this pandemic. All members of the dental team have a professional responsibility to keep themselves informed of current guidance and be vigilant in updating themselves as recommendations are changing so quickly."}, {"pmid": 32444351, "title": "Covid-19 care before, during, and beyond the hospital.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rauh, Alicia L", "Linder, Jeffrey A"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444351", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430456, "title": "Outcomes in Patients With Hyperglycemia Affected by Covid-19: Can We Do More on Glycemic Control?", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Sardu, Celestino", "D'Onofrio, Nunzia", "Balestrieri, Maria Luisa", "Barbieri, Michelangela", "Rizzo, Maria Rosaria", "Messina, Vincenzo", "Maggi, Paolo", "Coppola, Nicola", "Paolisso, Giuseppe", "Marfella, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430456", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An important prognostic factor in any form of infection seems to be glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is no information about the effects of tight glycemic control on Covid-19 outcomes in patients with hyperglycemia. Therefore, we examined the effects of optimal glycemic control in patients with hyperglycemia affected by Covid-19. Fifty-nine patients with Covid-19 hospitalized with moderate disease were evaluated. On the basis of admission glycemia >7.77 mmol/L, patients were divided into hyperglycemic and normoglycemic groups. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and D-dimer levels were evaluated at admission and weekly during hospitalization. The composite end point was severe disease, admission to an intensive care unit, use of mechanical ventilation, or death. Thirty-four (57.6%) patients were normoglycemic and 25 (42.4%) were hyperglycemic. In the hyperglycemic group, 7 (28%) and 18 (72%) patients were diagnosed with diabetes already before admission, and 10 (40%) and 15 (60%) were treated without and with insulin infusion, respectively. The mean of glycemia during hospitalization was 10.65 \u00b1 0.84 mmol/L in the no insulin infusion group and 7.69 \u00b1 1.85 mmol/L in the insulin infusion group. At baseline, IL-6 and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in the hyperglycemic group than in the normoglycemic group (P < 0.001). Despite that all patients were on standard treatment for Covid-19 infection, IL-6 and D-dimer levels persisted higher in patients with hyperglycemia during hospitalization. In a risk-adjusted Cox regression analysis, both patients with hyperglycemia and patients with diabetes had a higher risk of severe disease than those without diabetes and with normoglycemia. Cox regression analysis evidenced that patients with hyperglycemia treated with insulin infusion had a lower risk of severe disease than patients without insulin infusion. Insulin infusion may be an effective method for achieving glycemic targets and improving outcomes in patients with Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32227609, "title": "The possible impact of COVID-19 on colorectal surgery in Italy.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Lisi, G", "Campanelli, M", "Spoletini, D", "Carlini, M"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227609", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514319, "pmcid": "PMC7267166", "title": "COVID-19: Infection prevention and control guidance for all ultrasound practitioners.", "journal": "Australas J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Basseal, Jocelyne M", "Westerway, Susan Campbell", "McAuley, Terry"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514319", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), an enveloped virus, is the causative agent of the disease known as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019). Proper infection prevention and control measures and good hygiene practices are essential to prevent spread of COVID-19 and protect both patients and the healthcare worker. These guidelines are relevant to all ultrasound practitioners and provides guidance on cleaning and disinfection of ultrasound equipment, the environment and PPE (protective personal equipment) during the COVID-19 outbreak in the Australasian region."}, {"pmid": 32441317, "title": "Colorectal cancer services during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441317", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314976, "pmcid": "PMC7199804", "title": "Chinese Public's Attention to the COVID-19 Epidemic on Social Media: Observational Descriptive Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Zhao, Yuxin", "Cheng, Sixiang", "Yu, Xiaoyan", "Xu, Huilan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314976", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in China in December 2019, information and discussions about COVID-19 have spread rapidly on the internet and have quickly become the focus of worldwide attention, especially on social media. This study aims to investigate and analyze the public's attention to events related to COVID-19 in China at the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic (December 31, 2019, to February 20, 2020) through the Sina Microblog hot search list. We collected topics related to the COVID-19 epidemic on the Sina Microblog hot search list from December 31, 2019, to February 20, 2020, and described the trend of public attention on COVID-19 epidemic-related topics. ROST Content Mining System version 6.0 was used to analyze the collected text for word segmentation, word frequency, and sentiment analysis. We further described the hot topic keywords and sentiment trends of public attention. We used VOSviewer to implement a visual cluster analysis of hot keywords and build a social network of public opinion content. The study has four main findings. First, we analyzed the changing trend of the public's attention to the COVID-19 epidemic, which can be divided into three stages. Second, the hot topic keywords of public attention at each stage were slightly different. Third, the emotional tendency of the public toward the COVID-19 epidemic-related hot topics changed from negative to neutral, with negative emotions weakening and positive emotions increasing as a whole. Fourth, we divided the COVID-19 topics with the most public concern into five categories: the situation of the new cases of COVID-19 and its impact, frontline reporting of the epidemic and the measures of prevention and control, expert interpretation and discussion on the source of infection, medical services on the frontline of the epidemic, and focus on the worldwide epidemic and the search for suspected cases. Our study found that social media (eg, Sina Microblog) can be used to measure public attention toward public health emergencies. During the epidemic of the novel coronavirus, a large amount of information about the COVID-19 epidemic was disseminated on Sina Microblog and received widespread public attention. We have learned about the hotspots of public concern regarding the COVID-19 epidemic. These findings can help the government and health departments better communicate with the public on health and translate public health needs into practice to create targeted measures to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32223063, "pmcid": "PMC7228289", "title": "Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology (GISE) position paper for Cath lab-specific preparedness recommendations for healthcare providers in case of suspected, probable or confirmed cases of COVID-19.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Tarantini, Giuseppe", "Fraccaro, Chiara", "Chieffo, Alaide", "Marchese, Alfredo", "Tarantino, Fabio Felice", "Rigattieri, Stefano", "Limbruno, Ugo", "Mauro, Ciro", "La Manna, Alessio", "Castiglioni, Battistina", "Longoni, Matteo", "Berti, Sergio", "Greco, Francesco", "Musumeci, Giuseppe", "Esposito, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223063", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic raised the issue to guarantee the proper level of care to patients with acute cardiovascular diseases and concomitant suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and, in the meantime safety and protection of healthcare providers. The aim of this position paper is to provide standards to healthcare facilities and healthcare providers on infection prevention and control measures during the management of suspected and confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV infection accessing in cath-lab. The document represents the view of the Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology (GISE), and it is based on recommendations from the main World and European Health Organizations (WHO, and ECDC) as well as from the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI)."}, {"pmid": 32397006, "pmcid": "PMC7273029", "title": "Intergenerational Digital Engagement: A Way to Prevent Social Isolation During the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Prasun", "Yatnatti, Santosh K"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397006", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330817, "pmcid": "PMC7194649", "title": "Clinical presentation and initial management critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Brescia, Italy.", "journal": "J Crit Care", "authors": ["Piva, Simone", "Filippini, Matteo", "Turla, Fabio", "Cattaneo, Sergio", "Margola, Alessio", "De Fulviis, Silvia", "Nardiello, Ida", "Beretta, Alessandra", "Ferrari, Laura", "Trotta, Raffaella", "Erbici, Gloria", "Foca, Emanuele", "Castelli, Francesco", "Rasulo, Frank", "Lanspa, Michael J", "Latronico, Nicola"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330817", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 that started in Hubei, China has resulted in massive strain on the healthcare infrastructure in Lombardy, Italy. The management of these patients is still evolving. This is a single-center observational cohort study of critically ill patients infected with COVID-19. Bedside clinicians abstracted daily patient data on history, treatment, and short-term course. We describe management and a proposed severity scale for treatment used in this hospital. 44 patients were enrolled; with incomplete information on 11. Of the 33 studied patients, 91% were male, median age 64; 88% were overweight or obese. 45% were hypertensive, 12% had been taking an ACE-inhibitor. Noninvasive ventilation was performed on 39% of patients for part or all or their ICU stay with no provider infection. Most patients received antibiotics for pneumonia. Patients also received lopinivir/ritonavir (82%), hydroxychloroquine (79%), and tocilizumab (12%) according to this treatment algorithm. Nine of 10 patients survived their ICU course and were transferred to the floor, with one dying in the ICU. ICU patients with COVID-19 frequently have hypertension. Many could be managed with noninvasive ventilation, despite the risk of aerosolization. The use of a severity scale augmented clinician management."}, {"pmid": 32281130, "pmcid": "PMC7262307", "title": "Editorial: Challenges to Opioid Use Disorders During COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Addict", "authors": ["Sun, Yankun", "Bao, Yanping", "Kosten, Thomas", "Strang, John", "Shi, Jie", "Lu, Lin"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281130", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347055, "title": "[Role of cyclophilin A during coronavirus replication and the antiviral activities of its inhibitors].", "journal": "Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao", "authors": ["Tian, Lu", "Liu, Wenjun", "Sun, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347055", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a widely distributed and highly conserved protein in organisms. It has peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity and is a receptor for cyclosporin A (CsA). Coronaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses. Seven types of coronaviruses are currently known to infect humans, among which SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 are fatal for humans. It is well established that CypA is essential for the replication of various coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV, CoV-229E, CoV-NL63, and FCoV. Additionally, CsA and its derivatives (ALV, NIM811, etc.) have obvious inhibitory effects on a variety of coronaviruses. These results suggest that CypA is a potential antiviral target and the existing drug CsA might be used as an anti-coronavirus drug. At the end of 2019, SARS-CoV-2 raged in China, which seriously theatern human health and causes huge economic lases. In view of this, we describe the effects of CypA on the replication of coronaviruses and the antiviral activities of its inhibitors, which will provide the scientific basis and ideas for the development of antiviral drugs for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32405841, "pmcid": "PMC7220539", "title": "[Covid-19 pandemic. Mechanical ventilation in geriatric patients - an ethical dilemma?]", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Zeeh, Joachim", "Memm, Kristin", "Heppner, Hans-Jurgen", "Kwetkat, Anja"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405841", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475876, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: initial high resolution computed tomography imaging feature analysis: report of seven cases.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Jie", "Ding, Jianping"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475876", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of reported cases of the new coronavirus disease named \"severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2\" (SARS-CoV-2) has increased since December 2019. The initial high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images of seven patients with diagnosed COVID-19 in the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, China, were collected and analyzed. The study showed that all patients had close contact with COVID-19 patient and presented with fever. The initial white blood cell counts of all patients were normal. The percentage of lymphocytes decreased in three patients. In all seven patients with COVID-19, ground glass opacity (GGO) was found in the HRCT images, mainly distributed in the subpleural region of the lungs. The HRCT scans of six patients showed bilateral lobar lesions, mainly peripheral subpleural distribution; one patients showed unilateral lobar involvement. The right lung was more extensively involved than the left lung in six patients, and the lower lobe was more extensively involved than the upper lobe in five patients. The initial chest HRCT images of the lungs of COVID-19 patients had specific characteristics; the typical manifestations of the bilateral lungs showed extensive GGO-type infiltrate, with thickened vascular bundles and focal center consolidation. Pleural effusion, bilateral hilar, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were rare."}, {"pmid": 32198291, "pmcid": "PMC7164518", "title": "Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease provides a basis for design of improved alpha-ketoamide inhibitors.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Zhang, Linlin", "Lin, Daizong", "Sun, Xinyuanyuan", "Curth, Ute", "Drosten, Christian", "Sauerhering, Lucie", "Becker, Stephan", "Rox, Katharina", "Hilgenfeld, Rolf"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198291", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health emergency. An attractive drug target among coronaviruses is the main protease (Mpro, also called 3CLpro) because of its essential role in processing the polyproteins that are translated from the viral RNA. We report the x-ray structures of the unliganded SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and its complex with an \u03b1-ketoamide inhibitor. This was derived from a previously designed inhibitor but with the P3-P2 amide bond incorporated into a pyridone ring to enhance the half-life of the compound in plasma. On the basis of the unliganded structure, we developed the lead compound into a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro The pharmacokinetic characterization of the optimized inhibitor reveals a pronounced lung tropism and suitability for administration by the inhalative route."}, {"pmid": 32467555, "title": "World War against COVID-19: How strong is our armamentarium?", "journal": "Med J Malaysia", "authors": ["Ramachandran, V", "Marimuthu, R R", "Chinnambedu, R S"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467555", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No abstract provided."}, {"pmid": 32503825, "title": "Breast Cancer and COVID-19: The Effect of Fear on Patients' Decision-making Process.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Vanni, Gianluca", "Materazzo, Marco", "Pellicciaro, Marco", "Ingallinella, Sara", "Rho, Maurizio", "Santori, Francesca", "Cotesta, Maria", "Caspi, Jonathan", "Makarova, Anna", "Pistolese, Chiara Adriana", "Buonomo, Oreste Claudio"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503825", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak is currently having a huge impact on medical resource allocation. Breast Cancer (BC) patients are concerned both with BC treatment and COVID-19. This study aimed to estimate the impact of anxiety among patients, caused by the spreading of COVID-19. Between the 16th of January and the 20th of March 2020, we retrospectively enrolled 160 patients. Eighty-two patients with a suspected breast lesion (SBL) were divided into two groups: PRE-COVID-19-SBL and POST-COVID-19-SBL. Seventy-eight BC patients were divided into PRE-COVID-19-BC and POST-COVID-19-BC. Patient characteristics including age, marital status, SBL/BC diameter, personal and family history of BC, clinical stage and molecular subtype were recorded. Procedure Refusal (PR) and Surgical Refusal (SR) were also recorded with their reason. BC and SBL analysis showed no difference in pre-treatment characteristics (p>0.05). Both POST-COVID-19-SBL and POST-COVID-19-BC groups showed higher rates of PR and SR (p=0.0208, p=0.0065 respectively). Infection risk represented primary reason for refusal among POST-COVID-19 patients. COVID-19-related anxiety could affect patients' decision-making process."}, {"pmid": 32162212, "pmcid": "PMC7090449", "title": "Preparing for a COVID-19 pandemic: a review of operating room outbreak response measures in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Wong, Jolin", "Goh, Qing Yuan", "Tan, Zihui", "Lie, Sui An", "Tay, Yoong Chuan", "Ng, Shin Yi", "Soh, Chai Rick"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162212", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has been designated a public health emergency of international concern. To prepare for a pandemic, hospitals need a strategy to manage their space, staff, and supplies so that optimum care is provided to patients. In addition, infection prevention measures need to be implemented to reduce in-hospital transmission. In the operating room, these preparations involve multiple stakeholders and can present a significant challenge. Here, we describe the outbreak response measures of the anesthetic department staffing the largest (1,700-bed) academic tertiary level acute care hospital in Singapore (Singapore General Hospital) and a smaller regional hospital (Sengkang General Hospital). These include engineering controls such as identification and preparation of an isolation operating room, administrative measures such as modification of workflow and processes, introduction of personal protective equipment for staff, and formulation of clinical guidelines for anesthetic management. Simulation was valuable in evaluating the feasibility of new operating room set-ups or workflow. We also discuss how the hierarchy of controls can be used as a framework to plan the necessary measures during each phase of a pandemic, and review the evidence for the measures taken. These containment measures are necessary to optimize the quality of care provided to COVID-19 patients and to reduce the risk of viral transmission to other patients or healthcare workers."}, {"pmid": 32482781, "title": "Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Novi, Giovanni", "Rossi, Tommaso", "Pedemonte, Enrico", "Saitta, Laura", "Rolla, Claudia", "Roccatagliata, Luca", "Inglese, Matilde", "Farinini, Daniele"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482781", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234303, "pmcid": "PMC7270476", "title": "Multiomics Evaluation of Gastrointestinal and Other Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Du, Mulong", "Cai, Guoshuai", "Chen, Feng", "Christiani, David C", "Zhang, Zhengdong", "Wang, Meilin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234303", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443133, "title": "Far from Home.", "journal": "Am J Nurs", "authors": ["Phipps, Marcy"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443133", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A flight nurse cares for one of COVID-19's many 'peripheral victims.'"}, {"pmid": 32408926, "title": "Fallout from the Covid-19 pandemic - should we prepare for a tsunami of post viral depression?", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Lyons, Declan", "Frampton, Maria", "Naqvi, Syed", "Donohoe, Declan", "Adams, Grace", "Glynn, Kevin"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408926", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current Covid-19 pandemic is not just a medical and social tragedy, but within the threat of the outbreak looms the potential for a significant and persistent negative mental health impact, based on previous experience with other pandemics such as SARS in 2003 and the earlier H1N1 outbreak of 1918. This piece will highlight the links between depression and viral illnesses and explore important overlaps with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, potentially implicating inflammatory mechanisms in those exposed to a range of viral agents. While containment of psychological distress currently focuses on social anxiety and quarantine measures, a second wave of psychological morbidity due to viral illness may be imminent."}, {"pmid": 32213775, "title": "Remote Treatment Delivery in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Psychother Psychosom", "authors": ["Wright, Jesse H", "Caudill, Robert"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213775", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386796, "pmcid": "PMC7196411", "title": "Children are at risk from COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pediatr Nurs", "authors": ["Fry-Bowers, Eileen K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386796", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503854, "title": "EULAR provisional recommendations for the management of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases in the context of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Landewe, Robert Bm", "Machado, Pedro M", "Kroon, Feline", "Bijlsma, Hans Wj", "Burmester, Gerd R", "Carmona, Loreto", "Combe, Bernard", "Galli, Massimo", "Gossec, Laure", "Iagnocco, Annamaria", "Isaacs, John D", "Mariette, Xavier", "McInnes, Iain", "Mueller-Ladner, Ulf", "Openshaw, Peter", "Smolen, Josef S", "Stamm, Tanja A", "Wiek, Dieter", "Schulze-Koops, Hendrik"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503854", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The provisional EULAR recommendations address several aspects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus, and the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and are meant for patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) and their caregivers. A task force of 20 members was convened by EULAR that met several times by videoconferencing in April 2020. The task force finally agreed on five overarching principles and 13 recommendations covering four generic themes: (1) General measures and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (2) The management of RMD when local measures of social distancing are in effect. (3) The management of COVID-19 in the context of RMD. (4) The prevention of infections other than SARS-CoV-2. EULAR considers this set of recommendations as a 'living document' and a starting point, which will be updated as soon as promising new developments with potential impact on the care of patients with RMD become available."}, {"pmid": 32401181, "title": "The Digital Exclusion of Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Seifert, Alexander"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401181", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470144, "title": "Thinking outside the (acrylic) box: a framework for the local use of custom-made medical devices.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Turner, M C", "Duggan, L V", "Glezerson, B A", "Marshall, S D"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470144", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Before the COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians were already adept at creating workarounds for day-to-day shortages of equipment, inventively cobbling together substitute gadgets together to fulfil a clinical need. This is colloquially known as 'jury-rigging' or 'MacGyvering', the latter taken from the eponymous 1980s television series of a problem-solving crime fighter who could seemingly manufacture anything from a few paperclips and some chewing gum [1]."}, {"pmid": 32272480, "pmcid": "PMC7206349", "title": "Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China.", "journal": "Psychother Psychosom", "authors": ["Zhang, Wen-Rui", "Wang, Kun", "Yin, Lu", "Zhao, Wen-Feng", "Xue, Qing", "Peng, Mao", "Min, Bao-Quan", "Tian, Qing", "Leng, Hai-Xia", "Du, Jia-Lin", "Chang, Hong", "Yang, Yuan", "Li, Wei", "Shangguan, Fang-Fang", "Yan, Tian-Yi", "Dong, Hui-Qing", "Han, Ying", "Wang, Yu-Ping", "Cosci, Fiammetta", "Wang, Hong-Xing"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272480", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We explored whether medical health workers had more psychosocial problems than nonmedical health workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. An online survey was run from February 19 to March 6, 2020; a total of 2,182 Chinese subjects participated. Mental health variables were assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Symptom Check List-revised (SCL-90-R), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which included a 2-item anxiety scale and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2). Compared with nonmedical health workers (n = 1,255), medical health workers (n = 927) had a higher prevalence of insomnia (38.4 vs. 30.5%, p < 0.01), anxiety (13.0 vs. 8.5%, p < 0.01), depression (12.2 vs. 9.5%; p< 0.04), somatization (1.6 vs. 0.4%; p < 0.01), and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (5.3 vs. 2.2%; p < 0.01). They also had higher total scores of ISI, GAD-2, PHQ-2, and SCL-90-R obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p \u2264 0.01). Among medical health workers, having organic disease was an independent factor for insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Living in rural areas, being female, and being at risk of contact with COVID-19 patients were the most common risk factors for insomnia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and depression (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Among nonmedical health workers, having organic disease was a risk factor for insomnia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.01 or 0.05). During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical health workers had psychosocial problems and risk factors for developing them. They were in need of attention and recovery programs."}, {"pmid": 32404797, "title": "Diagnostic Performance of Chest X-Ray for COVID-19 Pneumonia During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Schiaffino, Simone", "Tritella, Stefania", "Cozzi, Andrea", "Carriero, Serena", "Blandi, Lorenzo", "Ferraris, Laurenzia", "Sardanelli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404797", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chest x-ray (CXR) can play a role in diagnosing patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but only few small-scale studies are available. We assessed the diagnostic performance of CXR in consecutive patients presenting at the emergency room at the Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy from February 24 to April 8, 2020 for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results of CXR were classified as positive or negative according to the original prospective radiologic reports. To overcome the limitations of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) swab, especially oscillating sensitivity, we added the information obtained from phone calls to discharged patients with negative initial RT-PCR. Thus, we included 535 patients with concomitant CXR and RT-PCR on admission (aged 65\u00b117 y; 340 males, 195 females), resulting in 408 RT-PCR positive and 127 negative patients at the composite reference standard. Original CXR reports showed an 89.0% sensitivity (95% confidence intervals [CI], 85.5%-91.8%), 60.6% specificity (95% CI, 51.6%-69.2%), 87.9% positive predictive value (95% CI, 84.4%-90.9%), and 63.1% negative predictive value (95% CI, 53.9%-71.7%). The adoption of CXR alongside RT-PCR to triage patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection could foster a safe and efficient workflow, counteracting possible false negative RT-PCR results."}, {"pmid": 32423587, "pmcid": "PMC7202828", "title": "COVID-19-associated nephritis: early warning for disease severity and complications?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Gross, Oliver", "Moerer, Onnen", "Weber, Manfred", "Huber, Tobias B", "Scheithauer, Simone"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423587", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339715, "pmcid": "PMC7180361", "title": "Statistical and network analysis of 1212 COVID-19 patients in Henan, China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Pei", "Lu, Jun-An", "Jin, Yanyu", "Zhu, Mengfan", "Wang, Lingling", "Chen, Shunjie"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339715", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is spreading quickly all over the world. Publicly released data for 1212 COVID-19 patients in Henan of China were analyzed in this paper. Various statistical and network analysis methods were employed. We found that COVID-19 patients show gender (55% vs 45%) and age (81% aged between 21 and 60) preferences; possible causes were explored. The estimated average, mode and median incubation periods are 7.4, 4 and 7 days. Incubation periods of 92% of patients were no more than 14 days. The epidemic in Henan has undergone three stages and has shown high correlations with the numbers of patients recently returned from Wuhan. Network analysis revealed that 208 cases were clustering infected, and various People's Hospitals are the main force in treating COVID-19. The incubation period was statistically estimated, and the proposed state transition diagram can explore the epidemic stages of emerging infectious disease. We suggest that although the quarantine measures are gradually working, strong measures still might be needed for a period of time, since \u223c7.45% of patients may have very long incubation periods. Migrant workers or college students are at high risk. State transition diagrams can help us to recognize the time-phased nature of the epidemic. Our investigations have implications for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in other regions of the world."}, {"pmid": 32416769, "pmcid": "PMC7255232", "title": "Management of acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Ronco, Claudio", "Reis, Thiago", "Husain-Syed, Faeq"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416769", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic. Most patients with COVID-19 have mild symptoms, but about 5% develop severe symptoms, which can include acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and multiple organ failure. Kidney involvement is frequent, with clinical presentation ranging from mild proteinuria to progressive acute kidney injury (AKI) necessitating renal replacement therapy (RRT). An understanding of the pathophysiology and mechanisms of kidney damage and AKI in the setting of critical illness and COVID-19 is emerging, although further research is needed to identify patients at risk of AKI and to guide management strategies. As no specific treatment options exist for AKI secondary to COVID-19, intensive care is largely supportive. Current approaches to prevention and management of AKI, and identification of potential indications for use of RRT and sequential extracorporeal therapies, are based mainly on clinical experience, and AKI strategies are adapted empirically to patients with COVID-19. International collaborative and cross-disciplinary research is needed to obtain adequate evidence to support current clinical approaches and to develop new approaches to management."}, {"pmid": 32291167, "pmcid": "PMC7141439", "title": "Covid-19 and cancer patients: Choosing wisely is the key.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Cannizzaro, Renato", "Puglisi, Fabio"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291167", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32147407, "pmcid": "PMC7124270", "title": "Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on CT scan vs RT-PCR: reflecting on experience from MERS-CoV.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, J A", "Memish, Z A"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147407", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311068, "pmcid": "PMC7264620", "title": "Challenges and Responsibilities in Caring for the Most Vulnerable During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Siegler, Eugenia L"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311068", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414997, "title": "Responding to a Pandemic: The COVID-19 Story.", "journal": "Neurol India", "authors": ["Kang, Gagandeep"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372270, "pmcid": "PMC7199867", "title": "Three further ways that the COVID-19 pandemic will affect health outcomes.", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Watkins, Johnathan", "Wulaningsih, Wahyu"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372270", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202421, "pmcid": "PMC7099676", "title": "Can a Paper-Based Device Trace COVID-19 Sources with Wastewater-Based Epidemiology?", "journal": "Environ Sci Technol", "authors": ["Mao, Kang", "Zhang, Hua", "Yang, Zhugen"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202421", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324950, "title": "Radiation therapy considerations during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Literature review and expert opinions.", "journal": "J Appl Clin Med Phys", "authors": ["Mohindra, Pranshu", "Buckey, Courtney R", "Chen, Shifeng", "Sio, Terence T", "Rong, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464667, "title": "Introduction: \"COVID-19: Politics, Inequalities, and Pandemic\".", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Oberlander, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464667", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413164, "title": "Delivering psychotherapy by video conference in the time of COVID-19: Some considerations.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Crowe, Marie", "Inder, Maree", "Farmar, Robin", "Carlyle, Dave"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413164", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444755, "title": "Coronavirus infectious waste management.", "journal": "Br Dent J", "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444755", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530063, "title": "Herpes zoster in COVID-19-positive patients.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Tartari, Federico", "Spadotto, Alberto", "Zengarini, Corrado", "Zanoni, Rossana", "Guglielmo, Alba", "Adorno, Alexander", "Valzania, Cinzia", "Pileri, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530063", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455539, "title": "Smoking-Mediated Upregulation of the Androgen Pathway Leads to Increased SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Chakladar, Jaideep", "Shende, Neil", "Li, Wei Tse", "Rajasekaran, Mahadevan", "Chang, Eric Y", "Ongkeko, Weg M"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455539", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is marked by a wide range of clinical disease courses, ranging from asymptomatic to deadly. There have been many studies seeking to explore the correlations between COVID-19 clinical outcomes and various clinical variables, including age, sex, race, underlying medical problems, and social habits. In particular, the relationship between smoking and COVID-19 outcome is controversial, with multiple conflicting reports in the current literature. In this study, we aim to analyze how smoking may affect the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate. We analyzed sequencing data from lung and oral epithelial samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We found that the receptor and transmembrane protease necessary for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, respectively, were upregulated in smoking samples from both lung and oral epithelial tissue. We then explored the mechanistic hypothesis that smoking may upregulate ACE2 expression through the upregulation of the androgen pathway. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 upregulation were both correlated to androgen pathway enrichment and the specific upregulation of central pathway regulatory genes. These data provide a potential model for the increased susceptibility of smoking patients to COVID-19 and encourage further exploration into the androgen and tobacco upregulation of ACE2 to understand the potential clinical ramifications."}, {"pmid": 32294259, "pmcid": "PMC7262127", "title": "A distinctive skin rash associated with coronavirus disease 2019?", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Mahe, A", "Birckel, E", "Krieger, S", "Merklen, C", "Bottlaender, L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294259", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302964, "pmcid": "PMC7151434", "title": "COVID 19: Impact of lock-down on mental health and tips to overcome.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Hiremath, Pavan", "Suhas Kowshik, C S", "Manjunath, Maitri", "Shettar, Manjunath"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302964", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456753, "title": "COViD-19: Face Mask Effectiveness, Hand Sanitizer Shortages, and Rapid Medication Therapy Trials.", "journal": "Sr Care Pharm", "authors": ["Alderman, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456753", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a rapidly evolving phenomenon that presents serious practical challenges and complex clinical considerations for health care workers, health care administrators, and policy formulators. The Senior Care Pharmacist carries periodic updates addressing matters relevant to pharmacotherapeutics and pharmacy practice as these relate to the care of older people in the time of the pandemic. The brief news items that are provided here are not intended to be substitutes for a careful and comprehensive consideration of the issues involved, but rather, they serve to provide initial awareness of concepts and to stimulate more complete situational analysis."}, {"pmid": 32515396, "title": "Neuro-rehabilitation service during COVID-19 pandemic: Best practices from UK.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Sakel, Mohamed", "Saunders, Karen", "Chandi, Jettender", "Haxha, Shyqyri", "Faruqui, Rafey"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515396", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper provides the context of COVID-19 outbreak with special reference to hospital-based neurorehabilitation services in the UK and transferrable lessons for similar services globally. While the COVID-19 pandemic has created numerous challenges at all levels and forced us to confront our own vulnerabilities as individuals, teams, services, communities and on the global stage, it has also simultaneously offered us opportunities for transformation. Converting catastrophe into opportunity requires creativity, diligence, innovation, strategy and vision. This reflection serves to identify the challenges we encountered, the solutions we applied and the opportunities that we have taken. In the wake of an information avalanche, service and clinical practice challenge, service capacity challenge and above all, a unique and timely reminder of our own humanity and the inter-connectedness and fragility of human societies, we have endeavoured to identify and describe some crucial leadership facets, which are supporting our journey through this global health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32291373, "title": "Gastrointestinal Presentation in COVID-19 in Indonesia: A Case Report.", "journal": "Acta Med Indones", "authors": ["Azwar, Muhammad Khifzhon", "Kirana, Fauzia", "Kurniawan, Adi", "Handayani, Sri", "Setiati, Siti"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291373", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a widespread infection in the world. During the pandemic, physicians may need to raise the index of suspicion earlier in at-risk patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms, which are uncommon findings in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. We report a patient in Indonesia with chest pain and gastrointestinal symptoms who was later confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection after spending days of hospitalisation in the standard ward."}, {"pmid": 32305740, "pmcid": "PMC7156948", "title": "Severe COVID-19 infection associated with endothelial activation.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Escher, Robert", "Breakey, Neal", "Lammle, Bernhard"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305740", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315809, "pmcid": "PMC7166099", "title": "Comparison of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection in 353 patients received tests with both specimens simultaneously.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Xiong", "Tan, Li", "Wang, Xu", "Liu, Weiyong", "Lu, Yanjun", "Cheng, Liming", "Sun, Ziyong"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315809", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan in December 2019, by March 10, 2020, a total of 80,932 confirmed cases have been reported in China. Two consecutively negative RT-PCR test results in respiratory tract specimens is required for the evaluation of discharge from hospital, and oropharyngeal swabs were the most common sample. However, false negative results occurred in the late stage of hospitalization, and avoiding false negative result is critical essential. We reviewed the medical record of 353 patients who received tests with both specimens simultaneously, and compared the performance between nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs. Of the 353 patients (outpatients, 192; inpatients, 161) studied, the median age was 54 years, and 177 (50.1%) were women. Higher positive rate (positive tests/total tests) was observed in nasopharyngeal swabs than oropharyngeal swabs, especially in inpatients. Nasopharyngeal swabs from inpatients showed higher positive rate than outpatients. Nasopharyngeal swabs from male showed higher positive rate than female, especially in outpatients. Detection with both specimens slightly increased the positive rate than nasopharyngeal swab only. Moreover, the consistency between from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were poor (Kappa=0.308). In conclusion, our study suggests that nasopharyngeal swabs may be more suitable than oropharyngeal swab at this stage of COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32387093, "pmcid": "PMC7199694", "title": "Distinct changes in the real-time PCR detectability of certain SARS-CoV-2 target sequences.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Zoka, Andras", "Beko, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387093", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207032, "pmcid": "PMC7095065", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hubei, China.", "journal": "Curr Med Sci", "authors": ["Zheng, Fang", "Liao, Chun", "Fan, Qi-Hong", "Chen, Hong-Bo", "Zhao, Xue-Gong", "Xie, Zhong-Guo", "Li, Xi-Lin", "Chen, Chun-Xi", "Lu, Xiao-Xia", "Liu, Zhi-Sheng", "Lu, Wei", "Chen, Chun-Bao", "Jiao, Rong", "Zhang, Ai-Ming", "Wang, Jin-Tang", "Ding, Xi-Wei", "Zeng, Yao-Guang", "Cheng, Li-Ping", "Huang, Qing-Feng", "Wu, Jiang", "Luo, Xi-Chang", "Wang, Zhu-Jun", "Zhong, Yan-Yan", "Bai, Yan", "Wu, Xiao-Yan", "Jin, Run-Ming"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207032", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, COVID-19 has occurred unexpectedly and emerged as a health problem worldwide. Despite the rapidly increasing number of cases in subsequent weeks, the clinical characteristics of pediatric cases are rarely described. A cross-sectional multicenter study was carried out in 10 hospitals across Hubei province. A total of 25 confirmed pediatric cases of COVID-19 were collected. The demographic data, epidemiological history, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiological data, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Of 25 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the boy to girl ratio was 1.27:1. The median age was 3 years. COVID-19 cases in children aged <3 years, 3.6 years, and \u22656-years patients were 10 (40%), 6 (24%), and 9 (36%), respectively. The most common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (13 [52%]), and dry cough (11 [44%]). Chest CT images showed essential normal in 8 cases (33.3%), unilateral involvement of lungs in 5 cases (20.8%), and bilateral involvement in 11 cases (45.8%). Clinical diagnoses included upper respiratory tract infection (n=8), mild pneumonia (n=15), and critical cases (n=2). Two critical cases (8%) were given invasive mechanical ventilation, corticosteroids, and immunoglobulin. The symptoms in 24 (96%) of 25 patients were alleviated and one patient had been discharged. It was concluded that children were susceptible to COVID-19 like adults, while the clinical presentations and outcomes were more favorable in children. However, children less than 3 years old accounted for majority cases and critical cases lied in this age group, which demanded extra attentions during home caring and hospitalization treatment."}, {"pmid": 32474987, "title": "What has Covid-19 taken from us and brought instead?", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Buduneli, Nurcan"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474987", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404716, "title": "A case of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection in Singapore.", "journal": "J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr", "authors": ["Louisa, Sun Jin", "Lin Serene, Wong Xin", "Gollamudi, Satya"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404716", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360907, "pmcid": "PMC7175852", "title": "Estimation of COVID-19 prevalence in Italy, Spain, and France.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ceylan, Zeynep"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360907", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "France", "Spain"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared in Wuhan city, China. As of April 15, 2020, >1.9 million COVID-19 cases were confirmed worldwide, including >120,000 deaths. There is an urgent need to monitor and predict COVID-19 prevalence to control this spread more effectively. Time series models are significant in predicting the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and taking the necessary measures to respond to this crisis. In this study, Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were developed to predict the epidemiological trend of COVID-19 prevalence of Italy, Spain, and France, the most affected countries of Europe. The prevalence data of COVID-19 from 21 February 2020 to 15 April 2020 were collected from the World Health Organization website. Several ARIMA models were formulated with different ARIMA parameters. ARIMA (0,2,1), ARIMA (1,2,0), and ARIMA (0,2,1) models with the lowest MAPE values (4.7520, 5.8486, and 5.6335) were selected as the best models for Italy, Spain, and France, respectively. This study shows that ARIMA models are suitable for predicting the prevalence of COVID-19 in the future. The results of the analysis can shed light on understanding the trends of the outbreak and give an idea of the epidemiological stage of these regions. Besides, the prediction of COVID-19 prevalence trends of Italy, Spain, and France can help take precautions and policy formulation for this epidemic in other countries."}, {"pmid": 32333487, "pmcid": "PMC7267377", "title": "Does SARS-Cov-2 invade the brain? Translational lessons from animal models.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Natoli, S", "Oliveira, V", "Calabresi, P", "Maia, L F", "Pisani, A"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333487", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has raised the possibility of potential neurotropic properties of this virus. Indeed, neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection have already been reported and highlight the relevance of considering the neurological impact of coronavirus (CoV) from a translational perspective. Animal models of SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome, caused by structurally similar CoVs during the 2002 and 2012 epidemics, have provided valuable data on nervous system involvement by CoVs and the potential for central nervous system spread of SARS-CoV-2. One key finding that may unify these pathogens is that all require angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a cell entry receptor. The CoV spike glycoprotein, by which SARS-CoV-2 binds to cell membranes, binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 with a higher affinity compared with SARS-CoV. The expression of this receptor in neurons and endothelial cells hints that SARS-CoV-2 may have higher neuroinvasive potential compared with previous CoVs. However, it remains to be determined how such invasiveness might contribute to respiratory failure or cause direct neurological damage. Both direct and indirect mechanisms may be of relevance. Clinical heterogeneity potentially driven by differential host immune-mediated responses will require extensive investigation. Development of disease models to anticipate emerging neurological complications and to explore mechanisms of direct or immune-mediated pathogenicity in the short and medium term is therefore of great importance. In this brief review, we describe the current knowledge from models of previous CoV infections and discuss their potential relevance to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32209164, "pmcid": "PMC7096776", "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a paucisymptomatic patient: epidemiological and clinical challenge in settings with limited community transmission, Italy, February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Nicastri, Emanuele", "D'Abramo, Alessandra", "Faggioni, Giovanni", "De Santis, Riccardo", "Mariano, Andrea", "Lepore, Luciana", "Molinari, Filippo", "Petralito, Giancarlo", "Fillo, Silvia", "Munzi, Diego", "Corpolongo, Angela", "Bordi, Licia", "Carletti, Fabrizio", "Castiletti, Concetta", "Colavita, Francesca", "Lalle, Eleonora", "Bevilacqua, Nazario", "Giancola, Maria Letizia", "Scorzolini, Laura", "Lanini, Simone", "Palazzolo, Claudia", "De Domenico, Angelo", "Spinelli, Maria Anna", "Scognamiglio, Paola", "Piredda, Paolo", "Iacomino, Raffaele", "Mone, Andrea", "Puro, Vincenzo", "Petrosillo, Nicola", "Battistini, Antonio", "Vairo, Francesco", "Lista, Florigio", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "On Behalf Of Inmi And The Italian Army Covid-Study Groups"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209164", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data concerning the transmission of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in paucisymptomatic patients are lacking. We report an Italian paucisymptomatic case of coronavirus disease 2019 with multiple biological samples positive for SARS-CoV-2. This case was detected using the World Health Organization protocol on cases and contact investigation. Current discharge criteria and the impact of extra-pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 samples are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32489932, "pmcid": "PMC7242311", "title": "Family cluster of asymptomatic infections with COVID-19: a case series of 4 patients.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Deng, Lingbo", "Ji, Ling", "Meng, Zuowei", "Gan, Yungen", "Cheng, Guanxun"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489932", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500854, "title": "Primary Respiratory Bacterial Coinfections in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Chaudhary, Waqas Ahmed", "Chong, Pui Lin", "Mani, Babu Ivan", "Asli, Rosmonaliza", "Momin, Riamiza Natalie", "Abdullah, Muhammad Syafiq", "Chong, Vui Heng"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500854", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Primary Respiratory Bacterial Coinfections in Patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32407585, "pmcid": "PMC7273082", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urological practice in emergency departments in Italy.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Novara, Giacomo", "Bartoletti, Riccardo", "Crestani, Alessandro", "De Nunzio, Cosimo", "Durante, Jacopo", "Gregori, Andrea", "Liguori, Giovanni", "Pavan, Nicola", "Trombetta, Carlo", "Simonato, Alchiede", "Tubaro, Andrea", "Ficarra, Vincenzo", "Porpiglia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407585", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345353, "pmcid": "PMC7186946", "title": "Lung ultrasound findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Xing, Changyang", "Li, Qiaoying", "Du, Hong", "Kang, Wenzhen", "Lian, Jianqi", "Yuan, Lijun"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345353", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459529, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine for Treatment or Prophylaxis of COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Hernandez, Adrian V", "Roman, Yuani M", "Pasupuleti, Vinay", "Barboza, Joshuan J", "White, C Michael"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459529", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have antiviral effects in vitro against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). To summarize evidence about the benefits and harms of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for the treatment or prophylaxis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). PubMed (via MEDLINE), EMBASE (via Ovid), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, bioRxiv, Preprints, ClinicalTrials.gov, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry from 1 December 2019 until 8 May 2020. Studies in any language reporting efficacy or safety outcomes from hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine use in any setting in adults or children with suspected COVID-19 or at risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Independent, dually performed data extraction and quality assessments. Four randomized controlled trials, 10 cohort studies, and 9 case series assessed treatment effects of the medications, but no studies evaluated prophylaxis. Evidence was conflicting and insufficient regarding the effect of hydroxychloroquine on such outcomes as all-cause mortality, progression to severe disease, clinical symptoms, and upper respiratory virologic clearance with antigen testing. Several studies found that patients receiving hydroxychloroquine developed a QTc interval of 500 ms or greater, but the proportion of patients with this finding varied among the studies. Two studies assessed the efficacy of chloroquine; 1 trial, which compared higher-dose (600 mg twice daily for 10 days) with lower-dose (450 mg twice daily on day 1 and once daily for 4 days) therapy, was stopped owing to concern that the higher dose therapy increased lethality and QTc interval prolongation. An observational study that compared adults with COVID-19 receiving chloroquine phosphate 500 mg once or twice daily with patients not receiving chloroquine found minor fever resolution and virologic clearance benefits with chloroquine. There were few controlled studies, and control for confounding was inadequate in observational studies. Evidence on the benefits and harms of using hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine to treat COVID-19 is very weak and conflicting. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality."}, {"pmid": 32516174, "title": "Untying the knot: Acute variceal bleeding in a COVID-19 patient. What should the gastroenterologist keep in mind?.", "journal": "Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Papanikolaou, Ioannis S", "Lazaridis, Lazaros-Dimitrios", "Rizos, Evripidis", "Miltiadou, Constantinos", "Triantafyllou, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516174", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347566, "pmcid": "PMC7267653", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on blood centres in Zhejiang province China.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Wang, Yongjun", "Han, Wenjuan", "Pan, Lingling", "Wang, Cuier", "Liu, Yan", "Hu, Wei", "Zhou, Huapin", "Zheng, Xiaofan"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347566", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people. A 'closed-off management' protocol has been launched nationwide in China to cope with this major public health emergency. However, these procedures may cause a crisis for blood donation and blood supply. In this study, we assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood donation and supply in Zhejiang province, which could provide reference and insight for developing countermeasures in other countries. Blood donor and supply information from 38 blood centres during the Spring Festival of 2019 and 2020 were reviewed. A self-administered questionnaire was carried out. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of whole blood donors dropped by 67%. The success rate of recruitment for donations dropped by 60%. Most respondents (81\u00b72%) were worried about the 'possibility of acquiring COVID-19 during blood donation'. The total amount of RBCs supply dropped by 65%. In the first week of the outbreak, the weekly amount of issued RBC units (10171\u00b75\u00a0u) was almost six times higher than the collected units (1347\u00b75\u00a0u). The mean haemoglobin value for RBCs transfusion was about 6\u00b73\u00a0g/dl. About 4% of RBCs and 2\u00b78% of frozen plasma were used in COVID-19 patients. The secondary consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are blood shortages caused by the unavailability of blood donors, and this is likely to be replicated in many countries with high burdens of COVID-19. Practical actions to broaden sources and reduce\u00a0use for the global crisis must be taken proactively."}, {"pmid": 32456749, "pmcid": "PMC7272694", "title": "Filtration evaluation and clinical use of expired elastomeric P-100 filter cartridges during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Patolia, Harsh H", "Pan, Jin", "Harb, Charbel", "Marr, Linsey C", "Baffoe-Bonnie, Anthony W"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456749", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464637, "title": "The mechanistic overview of SARS-CoV-2 using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 to enter the cell for replication: possible treatment options related to the renin-angiotensin system.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Offringa, Annette", "Montijn, Roy", "Singh, Sandeep", "Paul, Martin", "Pinto, Yigal M", "Pinto-Sietsma, Sara-Joan"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464637", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a healthcare crisis caused by insufficient knowledge applicable to effectively combat the virus. Therefore, different scientific discovery strategies need to be connected, to generate a rational treatment which can be made available as rapidly as possible. This relies on a solid theoretical understanding of the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and host responses, which is coupled to the practical experience of clinicians that are treating patients. Because SARS-CoV-2 enters the cell by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), targeting ACE2 to prevent such binding seems an obvious strategy to combat infection. However, ACE2 performs its functions outside the cell and was found to enter the cell only by angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-induced endocytosis, after which ACE2 is destroyed. This means that preventing uptake of ACE2 into the cell by blocking AT1R would be a more logical approach to limit entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cell. Since ACE2 plays an important protective role in maintaining key biological processes, treatments should not disrupt the functional capacity of ACE2, to counterbalance the negative effects of the infection. Based on known mechanisms and knowledge of the characteristics of SARS-CoV we propose the hypothesis that the immune system facilitates SARS-CoV-2 replication which disrupts immune regulatory mechanisms. The proposed mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 causes disease immediately suggests a possible treatment, since the AT1R is a key player in this whole process. AT1R antagonists appear to be the ideal candidate for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. AT1R antagonists counterbalance the negative consequences of angiotesnin II and, in addition, they might even be involved in preventing the cellular uptake of the virus without interfering with ACE2 function. AT1R antagonists are widely available, cheap, and safe. Therefore, we propose to consider using AT1R antagonists in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32213269, "title": "[Analysis on cluster cases of COVID-19 in Tianjin].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, Y F", "Li, J M", "Zhou, P H", "Liu, J", "Dong, X C", "Lyu, J", "Zhang, Y"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213269", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To understand the characteristics of clusters of COVID-19 cases in Tianjin, and provide epidemiological evidence for the prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods: The data of all the COVID-19 cluster cases in Tianjin, reported by 22 February 2020, were collected to analyze the characteristics of different types of the clusters. Results: A total of 115 COVID-19 cases were reported in 33 clusters in Tianjin included 28 family clusters (71 cases), 1 work place cluster (10 cases), 3 transport vehicle clusters (8 cases) and 1 public place cluster (26 cases). Family clusters were caused by the cases from the working place or public place clusters. Numbers of secondary cases of family clusters was between 1 to 7, the median number was 2. The interval from onset to diagnosis for the first case was longer than those of other cases in the familial clusters (Z=-2.406, P=0.016). The median of incubation period of the public place clusters was 2 days. The intervals from onset to diagnosis were significant different among the family, working place and public place clusters (H=8.843, P=0.012), and also significant differences in onset time among the secondary cases (H=16.607, P=0.000). Conclusions: In the surveillance of COVID-19 epidemic, special attention should be paid to places where clustering are prone to occur, and the epidemiological investigation should be carried out timely to confirm the cluster. To prevent the transmission of COVID-19, the close contacts of the patients should be transferred to an assigned observation place on time for single room isolation. The awareness of COVID-19 prevention is low in some rural areas, reflected by many mass gathering activities and delayed medical care seeking after onset. It is necessary to strengthen the health education and take control measures in early period of epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32141586, "title": "Novel Coronavirus 2019 (Sars-CoV2): a global emergency that needs new approaches?", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Perrella, A", "Carannante, N", "Berretta, M", "Rinaldi, M", "Maturo, N", "Rinaldi, L"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32141586", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202647, "title": "Mimics and chameleons of COVID-19.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Nickel, Christian Hans", "Bingisser, Roland"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202647", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437758, "pmcid": "PMC7207102", "title": "Unintended Consequences of COVID-19: Remember General Pediatrics.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Cherubini, Valentino", "Gohil, Anisha", "Addala, Ananta", "Zanfardino, Angela", "Iafusco, Dario", "Hannon, Tamara", "Maahs, David M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437758", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469633, "title": "What We Need to Consider During and After the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis", "authors": ["Valdivia-Granda, Willy A", "Richt, Jurgen A"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469633", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Even though extreme containment and mitigation strategies were implemented by numerous governments around the world to slow down the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the number of critically ill patients and fatalities keeps rising. This crisis has highlighted the socioeconomic disparities of health care systems within and among countries. As new CoVID policies and responses are implemented to lessen the impact of the virus, it is imperative (1) to consider additional mitigation strategies critical for the development of effective countermeasures, (2) to promote long-term policies and strict regulations of the trade of wildlife and live animal markets, and (3) to advocate for necessary funding and investments in global health, specifically for the prevention of and response to natural and manmade pandemics. This document considers some of these challenges."}, {"pmid": 32291103, "pmcid": "PMC7132448", "title": "Several potential risks of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia outbreaks in hospitals.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Wen, Xianjie", "Ling, Chen", "Li, Yiqun"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291103", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518411, "title": "Genomic search for COVID-19 severity clues.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518411", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379193, "title": "A CASE OF CHILDHOOD COVID-19 INFECTION WITH PLEURAL EFFUSION COMPLICATED BY POSSIBLE SECONDARY MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE INFECTION.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Chen, Hong-Rui", "Zou, Hao", "Xue, Mei", "Chen, Zhen-Bing", "Chen, Wan-Xin"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379193", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of childhood coronavirus disease 2019 infection with pleural effusion complicated by possible secondary Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Fever and pulmonary lesions on computed tomography were the early clinical manifestations, and the patient developed nonproductive cough later. The hydrothorax in this coronavirus disease 2019 case was exudative, showing predominantly mature lymphocytes."}, {"pmid": 32461214, "title": "Covid-19 related hospital admissions in the United States: needs and outcomes.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Anesi, George L", "Halpern, Scott D", "Delgado, M Kit"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461214", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502135, "title": "Reduced monocytic HLA-DR expression indicates immunosuppression in critically ill COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Spinetti, Thibaud", "Hirzel, Cedric", "Fux, Michaela", "Walti, Laura N", "Schober, Patrick", "Stueber, Frank", "Luedi, Markus M", "Schefold, Joerg C"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502135", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The cellular immune system is of pivotal importance with regard to the response to severe infections. Monocytes / macrophages are considered key immune cells in infections and downregulation of the surface expression of monocytic human leukocyte antigen-DR (mHLA-DR) expression within the major histocompatibility complex class II reflects a state of immunosuppression, also referred to as injury-associated immunosuppression. As the role of immunosuppression in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease is currently unclear, we seek to explore the level of mHLA-DR expression in COVID-19 patients. In a preliminary prospective monocentric observational study, 16 COVID-19 positive patients (75% male, median age: 68 [interquartile range 59-75], APACHE-II score in 9 ICU patients: 30 [interquartile range 25-32] with acute respiratory failure were included. Standardized quantitative assessment of mHLA-DR on CD14+ cells was performed using calibrated flow cytometry at baseline (ICU admission), and at days 3 and 5 after ICU admission. Baseline data was compared to hospitalized non-critically ill COVID-19 patients. While normal mHLA-DR expression was observed in all hospitalized non-critically ill patients (n=7), 89% (8/9) critically ill patients with COVID-19- induced acute respiratory failure showed signs of downregulation of mHLA-DR at ICU admission. Monocytic HLA-DR expression at admission was significantly lower in critically ill patients (median, [quartiles]: 9280 antibodies/cell [6114, 16567]) as compared to the non-critically ill patients (30900 antibodies/cell [26777, 52251]), with a median difference of 21508 antibodies/cell (95% CI: 14118 to 42971), P=0.002. Reduced monocytic HLA-DR expression was observed to persist until day 5 after ICU admission. When compared to non-critically ill hospitalized COVID-19 patients, ICU patients with severe COVID-19 disease showed reduced mHLA-DR expression on circulating CD14+ monocytes at ICU admission, indicating a dysfunctional immune response. This immunosuppressive (monocytic) phenotype remained unchanged over the ensuing days after ICU admission. Strategies aiming for immunomodulation in this population of critically ill patients should be guided by an immune-monitoring program in an effort to determine who might benefit best from a given immunological intervention."}, {"pmid": 32383014, "pmcid": "PMC7205479", "title": "Covid-19 diffusion in a neurosurgical \"clean\" department: the asymptomatic Trojan horse.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Rustemi, Oriela", "Segna, Alessandro", "Zanusso, Mariano", "Volpin, Lorenzo", "Raneri, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383014", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268945, "pmcid": "PMC7128509", "title": "Can atmospheric pollution be considered a co-factor in extremely high level of SARS-CoV-2 lethality in Northern Italy?", "journal": "Environ Pollut", "authors": ["Conticini, Edoardo", "Frediani, Bruno", "Caro, Dario"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268945", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper investigates the correlation between the high level of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lethality and the atmospheric pollution in Northern Italy. Indeed, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna are Italian regions with both the highest level of virus lethality in the world and one of Europe's most polluted area. Based on this correlation, this paper analyzes the possible link between pollution and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and eventually death. We provide evidence that people living in an area with high levels of pollutant are more prone to develop chronic respiratory conditions and suitable to any infective agent. Moreover, a prolonged exposure to air pollution leads to a chronic inflammatory stimulus, even in young and healthy subjects. We conclude that the high level of pollution in Northern Italy should be considered an additional co-factor of the high level of lethality recorded in that area."}, {"pmid": 32476260, "title": "Thyroid cytology in the times of coronavirus.", "journal": "Diagn Cytopathol", "authors": ["Troncone, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476260", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530816, "title": "Assessment of the impact of media coverage in coronavirus-related Google Trends: Infodemiology study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Sousa-Pinto, Bernardo", "Anto, Aram", "Czarlewski, Wienia", "Anto, Josep M", "Fonseca, Joao Almeida", "Bousquet, Jean"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530816", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The influence of media coverage in online searches may hamper the role of Google Trends (GT) for Covid-19 monitoring. To assess whether Covid-19-related GT - particularly on ageusia and anosmia - were primarily related to media coverage or with epidemic trends. We retrieved GT data for searches on \"coronavirus\", \"cough\", \"anosmia\" and \"ageusia\", plotting them for a period of 5 years. In addition, we analysed the trends of those queries for 17 countries throughout the year of 2020, particularly concerning rises and peaks of searches. For anosmia and ageusia, we assessed whether the respective GT correlated with Covid-19 cases and deaths both throughout 2020 and specifically before March 16, 2020 (i.e., the date when the media started reporting that those symptoms could be associated with Covid-19). Over the last five years, peaks of \"coronavirus\" GT were only observed during the Winter of 2020. Rises and peaks in \"coronavirus\" searches were similar in time in the 17 different assessed countries, irrespectively of their epidemic situation. In 15 of these countries, rises in \"anosmia\" and \"ageusia\" GT occurred in the same week or one week after they were identified in the media as symptoms of Covid-19. Analysing data prior to March 16, 2020, anosmia/ageusia GT were found to have variable correlation with Covid-19 cases and deaths in the different countries. Covid-19-related GT is more related to media coverage than with epidemic trends. "}, {"pmid": 32436262, "title": "Hidden threat lurking behind the alcohol sanitizers in COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Emami, Amir", "Javanmardi, Fatemeh", "Keshavarzi, Abdolkhalegh", "Pirbonyeh, Neda"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436262", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has made various challenges for communications all over the world. Nowadays hand hygiene practices with alcohol sanitizers are an unavoidable reality for many people, which cause skin dryness and flaking. The current short communication has been explained about monitoring the quality control of alcohol concentrations and hand rub formulation, which needs more attention and should consider meticulous in this crisis."}, {"pmid": 32408699, "title": "Essential Oils as Antiviral Agents. Potential of Essential Oils to Treat SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An In-Silico Investigation.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Silva, Joyce Kelly R da", "Figueiredo, Pablo Luis Baia", "Byler, Kendall G", "Setzer, William N"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408699", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Essential oils have shown promise as antiviral agents against several pathogenic viruses. In this work we hypothesized that essential oil components may interact with key protein targets of the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A molecular docking analysis was carried out using 171 essential oil components with SARS-CoV-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro), SARS-CoV-2 endoribonucleoase (SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15/NendoU), SARS-CoV-2 ADP-ribose-1\u2033-phosphatase (SARS-CoV-2 ADRP), SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (SARS-CoV-2 RdRp), the binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SARS-CoV-2 rS), and human angiotensin-converting enzyme (hACE2). The compound with the best normalized docking score to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (E)-\u03b2-farnesene. The best docking ligands for SARS-CoV Nsp15/NendoU were (E,E)-\u03b1-farnesene, (E)-\u03b2-farnesene, and (E,E)-farnesol. (E,E)-Farnesol showed the most exothermic docking to SARS-CoV-2 ADRP. Unfortunately, the docking energies of (E,E)-\u03b1-farnesene, (E)-\u03b2-farnesene, and (E,E)-farnesol with SARS-CoV-2 targets were relatively weak compared to docking energies with other proteins and are, therefore, unlikely to interact with the virus targets. However, essential oil components may act synergistically, essential oils may potentiate other antiviral agents, or they may provide some relief of COVID-19 symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32211279, "pmcid": "PMC7089620", "title": "An Ounce of Prevention: Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Mass Gatherings.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Escher, Allan R Jr"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211279", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Widespread, non-stop, and often sensational coverage of the coronavirus (COVID-19) has caught many governments flat-footed in efforts to protect the health and safety of their citizens. In response\u00a0to the current global health event, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Mass gatherings present a\u00a0historic challenge in protecting the health and safety of attendees.\u00a0The majority of the prominent mass gatherings are religious in nature.\u00a0Global sporting events, such as the Olympics and the World Cup, pose unique health risks to attendees and host nations. Deferment or cancellation of such mass gatherings may exert an extraordinary economic loss to the host nation. Universal adoption of best practices for infection control is the surest way for governments to prepare for mass gatherings. In these uncertain times, it\u00a0is up to\u00a0intergovernmental organizations\u00a0to be the voice of reason."}, {"pmid": 32298467, "pmcid": "PMC7262236", "title": "The use of UV fluorescent powder for COVID-19 airway management simulation training.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Gardiner, C", "Veall, J", "Lockhart, S"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298467", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513323, "title": "Overcoming COVID-19: Addressing the Perception of Risk and Transitioning Protective Behaviors to Habits.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Fakih, Mohamad G", "Sturm, Lisa", "Fakih, Rand R"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513323", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454186, "pmcid": "PMC7255219", "title": "Palliative Care Utilization among Patients with COVID-19 in an Underserved Population: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Haydar, Ali", "Lo, Kevin Bryan", "Goyal, Abhinav", "Gul, Fahad", "Peterson, Eric", "Bhargav, Ruchika", "DeJoy, Robert 3rd", "Salacup, Grace", "Pelayo, Jerald", "Albano, Jeri", "Azmaiparashvili, Zurab", "Ansari, Huma", "Aponte, Gabriel Patarroyo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454186", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As health-care institutions mobilize resources to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, palliative care may potentially be underutilized. It is important to assess the use of palliative care in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a retrospective single-center study of patients with COVID-19 diagnosed via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay admitted between March 1, 2020, and April 24, 2020. An analysis of the utilization of palliative care in accordance with patient comorbidities and other characteristics was performed while considering clinical outcomes. Chi-square test was used to determine associations between categorical variables while t-tests were used to compare continuous variables. The overall mortality rate was 21.5% (n\u00a0=\u00a052), and in 48% (n\u00a0=\u00a025) of these patients, palliative care was not involved. Fifty-nine percent (n\u00a0=\u00a024) of those who had palliative consults eventually elected for comfort measures and transitioned to hospice care. Among those classified as having severe COVID-19, only 40% (n\u00a0=\u00a031) had palliative care involvement. Of these patients with severe COVID-19, 68% (n\u00a0=\u00a052) died. Patients who got palliative care consults were of older age, had higher rates of intubation, a need for vasopressors, and were dead. There was a low utilization rate of palliative care in patients with COVID-19. Conscious utilization of palliative care is needed at the time of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32343340, "pmcid": "PMC7197572", "title": "Letter: Neurosurgical Management of Spinal Pathology Via Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Early Experience and Unique Challenges.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Greven, Alexander C M", "Rich, Christopher W", "Malcolm, James G", "Bray, David P", "Rodts, Gerald E", "Refai, Daniel", "Gary, Matthew F"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343340", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484298, "title": "Neck circumference as reliable predictor of mechanical ventilation support in adult inpatients with COVID-19: a multicentric prospective evaluation.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Res Rev", "authors": ["Di Bella, Stefano", "Cesareo, Roberto", "De Cristofaro, Paolo", "Palermo, Andrea", "Sanson, Gianfranco", "Roman-Pognuz, Erik", "Zerbato, Verena", "Manfrini, Silvia", "Giacomazzi, Donatella", "Dal Bo, Eugenia", "Sambataro, Gianluca", "Macchini, Elisabetta", "Quintavalle, Francesco", "Campagna, Giuseppe", "Masala, Renato", "Ottaviani, Luigi", "Del Borgo, Cosmo", "Ridola, Lorenzo", "Leonetti, Frida", "Berlot, Giorgio", "Luzzati, Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484298", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is especially severe for elderly subjects with cardio-metabolic and respiratory comorbidities. Neck circumference (NC) has been shown to be strongly related to cardiometabolic and respiratory illnesses even after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). We performed a prospective study to investigate the potential of NC to predict the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in adult COVID-19 inpatients. we prospectively and consecutively enrolled COVID-19 adult patients admitted to dedicated medical wards of two Italian hospitals from March 25th to April seventh 2020. On admission, clinical, biochemical and anthropometric data, including BMI and NC were collected. As primary outcome measure, the maximum respiratory support received was evaluated. Follow-up time was 30\u2009days from hospital admission. we enrolled 132 subjects (55.0-75.8\u2009years, 32% female). During the study period, 26 (19.7%) patients underwent IMV. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension and COPD, NC resulted independently and significantly associated with IMV risk (adjusted OR 1.260 - per 1\u2009cm increase 95% CI:1.120-1.417; P\u2009<\u20090.001), with a stronger association in the subgroup with BMI \u226430 Kg/m2 (adjusted OR 1.526; 95% CI:1.243-1.874; P\u2009<\u20090.001). NC showed a good discrimination power in predicting patients requiring IMV (AUC 0.783; 95% CI:0.684-0.882; P\u2009<\u20090.001). In particular, NC\u2009>\u200940.5\u2009cm (>37.5 for females and\u2009>\u200942.5 for males) showed a higher and earlier IMV risk compared to subjects with lower NC (Log-rank test:P\u2009<\u20090.001). NC is an easy to measure parameter able to predict the need for IMV in adult COVID-19 inpatients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32492205, "title": "COVID-19 patients benefit from early antiviral treatment: a comparative, retrospective study.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yu, Ting", "Tian, Chunxia", "Chu, Si", "Zhou, Haifeng", "Zhang, Zili", "Luo, Shanshan", "Hu, Desheng", "Fan, Heng"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492205", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, started in December 2019, Wuhan, China. We aimed to figure out the time-point and duration of using antiviral drugs for receiving the maximal effects in patients with COVID-19. In this study, we enrolled 129 confirmed COVID-19 mild to moderate patients who had been treated with antiviral drugs during their hospitalization in Wuhan Union Hospital China. The patients were divided into early antiviral treatment group and late antiviral treatment group. The demographic data, laboratory tests, the virus clearance time, chest computed tomography (CT) scans, etc. were extracted, calculated and compared between two groups. Our data showed that the median time from illness onset to initiation of antiviral treatment was 6 days in all patients. The group with early antiviral treatment demonstrated 7 days shorter in the virus clearance time when compared to the group with late antiviral treatment. After virus clearance, the group with early antiviral treatment showed milder illness than the group with late antiviral treatment. Early antiviral treatment could effectively shorten the virus clearance time, and prevent the rapid progression of COVID-19. Therefore, the COVID-19 patients should receive combined therapies with antiviral treatment at early stage. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32295324, "title": "[Screening for novel coronavirus related conjunctivitis among the patients with corona virus disease-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Lan, Q Q", "Zeng, S M", "Liao, X", "Xu, F", "Qi, H", "Li, M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295324", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: Screening for novel coronavirus related conjunctivitis among the patients with coronavirus disease-19. Methods: Prospective series case study. Eighty-one patients diagnosed as coronavirus disease-19 in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital were enrolled with ophthalmological consultation screening for novel coronavirus related conjunctivitis, including the inquiring of eye symptoms and checking for conjunctivitis-related signs. Conjunctival swab novel coronavirus nucleic acid test was performed on patients with clinical manifestation of conjunctivitis. Results: Only 3 of the 81 patients (3.70%) complained of eye discomfort, which appeared on the day 16.67\u00b19.29 after the diagnosis of coronavirus disease-19. The eye signs did not meet the characteristics of viral conjunctivitis. Bilateral conjunctival swab novel coronavirus nucleic acid tests were negative. There was no evidence to support the diagnosis of novel coronavirus related conjunctivitis. Screening of clinical symptoms and signs of conjunctivitis in the remaining 78 patients showed no significant abnormalities. Conclusions: There wasn't any novel coronavirus related conjunctivitis in 81 patients with coronavirus disease-19.(Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56:)."}, {"pmid": 32293554, "pmcid": "PMC7184147", "title": "Just when I thought I was out, they pull me back in: the older physician in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Peisah, Carmelle", "Hockey, Peter", "Benbow, Susan Mary", "Williams, Betsy"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293554", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361701, "title": "COVID-19 Rapid Guideline in Kidney Transplant Recipients.", "journal": "Iran J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Samavat, Shiva", "Nafar, Mohsen", "Firozan, Ahmad", "Pourrezagholi, Fatemeh", "Ahmadpoor, Pedram", "Samadian, Fariba", "Ziaei, Shadi", "Fatemizadeh, Somayeh", "Dalili, Nooshin"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361701", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "in the reports presented about COVID-19, patients receiving kidney transplantation have not been specifically studied and based on national flowchart, this population is classified as highrisk group, thus it is necessary to be aware of the step-by-step treatment approach of these patients. Suspicious cases included patients with a history of dry cough, chills or sore throat accompanying by shortness of breath with or without fever, patients with upper/lower respiratory symptoms with radiological manifestations as single or double-sided multilobular infiltrations on CT scan or plain chest radiography, any one that has a history of close contact with a definite COVID-19 case within the last 14 days, any one with a history of presence in COVID-19 epidemic regions within the last 14 days and patient with pneumonia that despite of proper treatment has an inappropriate clinical response and clinical condition becomes more severe in an unusual way or unexpectedly."}, {"pmid": 32384306, "pmcid": "PMC7236848", "title": "Rapid Development and Deployment of an International Omaha System Evidence-Based Guideline to Support the COVID-19 Response.", "journal": "Comput Inform Nurs", "authors": ["Monsen, Karen A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401351, "pmcid": "PMC7272790", "title": "The challenges of establishing adequate capacity for SARS-CoV-2 testing.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Smith, David W"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401351", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481719, "title": "The Role of MicroRNA in the Airway Surface Liquid Homeostasis.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Mitash, Nilay", "E Donovan, Joshua", "Swiatecka-Urban, Agnieszka"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481719", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mucociliary clearance, mediated by a coordinated function of cilia bathing in the airway surface liquid (ASL) on the surface of airway epithelium, protects the host from inhaled pathogens and is an essential component of the innate immunity. ASL is composed of the superficial mucus layer and the deeper periciliary liquid. Ion channels, transporters, and pumps coordinate the transcellular and paracellular movement of ions and water to maintain the ASL volume and mucus hydration. microRNA (miRNA) is a class of non-coding, short single-stranded RNA regulating gene expression by post-transcriptional mechanisms. miRNAs have been increasingly recognized as essential regulators of ion channels and transporters responsible for ASL homeostasis. miRNAs also influence the airway host defense. We summarize the most up-to-date information on the role of miRNAs in ASL homeostasis and host-pathogen interactions in the airway and discuss concepts for miRNA-directed therapy."}, {"pmid": 32460927, "pmcid": "PMC7270484", "title": "Association of hypertension with the severity and fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Jingqi", "Wu, Jing", "Sun, Xiaohua", "Xue, Hong", "Shao, Jianguo", "Cai, Weihua", "Jing, Yang", "Yue, Ming", "Dong, Chen"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460927", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hypertension is a common comorbidity in COVID-19 patients. However, the association of hypertension with the severity and fatality of COVID-19 remain unclear. In the present meta-analysis, relevant studies reported the impacts of hypertension on SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified by searching PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Embase and CNKI up to 20 March 2020. As the results shown, 12 publications with 2389 COVID-19 patients (674 severe cases) were included for the analysis of disease severity. The severity rate of COVID-19 in hypertensive patients was much higher than in non-hypertensive cases (37.58% vs 19.73%, pooled OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.80-2.86). Moreover, the pooled ORs of COVID-19 severity for hypertension vs. non-hypertension was 2.21 (95% CI: 1.58-3.10) and 2.32 (95% CI: 1.70-3.17) in age <50 years and \u2a7e50 years patients, respectively. Additionally, six studies with 151 deaths of 2116 COVID-19 cases were included for the analysis of disease fatality. The results showed that hypertensive patients carried a nearly 3.48-fold higher risk of dying from COVID-19 (95% CI: 1.72-7.08). Meanwhile, the pooled ORs of COVID-19 fatality for hypertension vs. non-hypertension was 6.43 (95% CI: 3.40-12.17) and 2.66 (95% CI: 1.27-5.57) in age <50 years and \u2a7e50 years patients, respectively. Neither considerable heterogeneity nor publication bias was observed in the present analysis. Therefore, our present results provided further evidence that hypertension could significantly increase the risks of severity and fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32368850, "pmcid": "PMC7267604", "title": "Utilization of deceased donors during a pandemic: argument against using SARS-CoV-2-positive donors.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Shah, Malay B", "Lynch, Raymond J", "El-Haddad, Hanine", "Doby, Brianna", "Brockmeier, Diane", "Goldberg, David S"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368850", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly become an unprecedented pandemic that has impacted society, disrupted hospital functions, strained health care resources, and impacted the lives of transplant professionals. Despite this, organ failure and the need for transplant continues throughout the United States. Considering the perpetual scarcity of deceased donor organs, Kates et al present a viewpoint that advocates for the utilization of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-positive donors in selected cases. We present a review of the current literature that details the potential negative consequences of COVID-19-positive donors. The factors we consider include (1) the risk of blood transmission of SARS-CoV-2, (2) involvement of donor organs, (3) lack of effective therapies, (4) exposure of health care and recovery teams, (5) disease transmission and propagation, and (6) hospital resource utilization. While we acknowledge that transplant fulfills the mission of saving lives, it is imperative to consider the consequences not only to our recipients but also to the community and to health care workers, particularly in the absence of effective preventative or curative therapies. For these reasons, we believe the evidence and risks show that COVID-19 infection should continue to remain a contraindication for donation, as has been the initial response of donation and transplant societies."}, {"pmid": 32417017, "pmcid": "PMC7211617", "title": "Human factors recognition at virtual meetings and video conferencing: how to get the best performance from yourself and others.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Oeppen, R S", "Shaw, G", "Brennan, P A"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417017", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the current coronavirus pandemic, social distancing and restrictions on travel have resulted in a dramatic rise in the use of technology (including video conferencing) for remote meetings. From local multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings to national and international committees, this form of communication has been vital to ensure patient-related and other business can continue, albeit in a sometimes unfamiliar environment. In this article we consider some of the human factors elements of remote meetings and provide suggestions to enhance the experience of team and committee members during this unsettling time. It is possible that this form of communication will continue to flourish after the pandemic is over."}, {"pmid": 32303420, "pmcid": "PMC7128256", "title": "Approaches to the management of patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Craniomaxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Zimmermann, Matthias", "Nkenke, Emeka"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303420", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Oral and maxillofacial surgery is correlated with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Therefore, the aim of the review is to collect and discuss aspects of the management of patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to save resources and to avoid unnecessary exposure to infected patients, there is the need to schedule interventions depending on their priority. During the peak of the pandemic, no elective surgery should be performed. Even urgent procedures might be postponed if there is a view to recovery of a COVID-19 patient within a few days. Emergency procedures do not allow any delay. Specialties with overlap in therapies should have well defined arrangements among each other concerning the treatment spectra in order to avoid redundancy and loss of resources. Inpatient and outpatient units have to be organized in such a way that the risk of cross-infection among patients is reduced to a minimum. Especially, testing of patients for SARS-CoV-2 is important to detect the infected patients at an early stage. When surgery is performed on COVID-19 patients, adequate personal protective equipment is crucial. There must be negative pressure in the operating room, and aerosol formation must be reduced to a minimum. In order to address the COVID-19 challenge adequately, significant changes in the infrastructure of outpatient units, inpatient units, and operating rooms are needed. In addition, the demands concerning personal protective equipment increase significantly. The major aim is to protect patients as well as the medical staff from unnecessary infection, and to keep the healthcare system running effectively. Therefore, every effort should be taken to make the necessary investments."}, {"pmid": 32420957, "title": "COVID-19: the end of lockdown what next?", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Castaldi, Silvana", "Romano, Luisa", "Pariani, Elena", "Garbelli, Claudio", "Biganzoli, Elia"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420957", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Corona Virus 19 (COVID 19) epidemic is an infectious disease which was declared as a pandemic and hit all the Countries, all over the world, from the beginning of the year 2020. In Italy the epidemic is particular serious with 169.325 confirmed cases and 21.551 deaths on 20.04.2020. To stop the contagion on March 8 and up to May 3, the Italian Government decided a lockdown for all the Country, the authors suggest how to manage the reopening and restarting of all the activities avoiding a restart of the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32422408, "pmcid": "PMC7227531", "title": "Saliva sample as a non-invasive specimen for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019: a cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Pasomsub, E", "Watcharananan, S P", "Boonyawat, K", "Janchompoo, P", "Wongtabtim, G", "Suksuwan, W", "Sungkanuparph, S", "Phuphuakrat, A"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422408", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amid the increasing number of pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, there is a need for a quick and easy method to obtain a non-invasive sample for the detection of this novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2). We aimed to investigate the potential use of saliva samples as a non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of COVID-19. From 27 March to 4 April 2020, we prospectively collected saliva samples and a standard nasopharyngeal and throat swab in persons seeking care at an acute respiratory infection clinic in a university hospital during the outbreak of COVID-19. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed, and the results of the two specimens were compared. Two-hundred pairs of samples were collected. Sixty-nine (34.5%) individuals were male, and the median (interquartile) age was 36 (28-48) years. Using nasopharyngeal and throat swab RT-PCR as the reference standard, the prevalence of COVID-19 diagnosed by nasopharyngeal and throat swab RT-PCR was 9.5%. The sensitivity and specificity of the saliva sample RT-PCR were 84.2% (95% CI 60.4%-96.6%), and 98.9% (95% CI 96.1%-99.9%), respectively. An analysis of the agreement between the two specimens demonstrated 97.5% observed agreement (\u03ba coefficient 0.851, 95% CI 0.723-0.979; p\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Saliva might be an alternative specimen for the diagnosis of COVID-19. The collection is non-invasive, and non-aerosol generating. This method could facilitate the diagnosis of the disease, given the simplicity of specimen collection and good diagnostic performance."}, {"pmid": 32422226, "pmcid": "PMC7228885", "title": "The Immediate Impact of COVID-19 on US Dermatology Practices.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Litchman, Graham H", "Rigel, Darrell S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422226", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518457, "pmcid": "PMC7270492", "title": "A strange new world.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518457", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus may be upending our lives, but we aren't helpless against it."}, {"pmid": 32242152, "title": "Science in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "Nat Methods", "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242152", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383097, "pmcid": "PMC7205371", "title": "Nasopharyngeal swabs during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a role for the otolaryngologist.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Tagliabue, Marta", "Pietrobon, Giacomo", "Ugolini, Sara", "Chu, Francesco", "Ansarin, Mohssen"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383097", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470213, "title": "All those D-dimers in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470213", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One of the most consistent abnormal haemostatic laboratory markers in COVID-19 is raised D-dimers. Increased D-dimers have also been observed in several studies published in the Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis to have prognostic implications.1,2 But some of the perplexing questions in this regard are what may be the reasons for such marked elevation in D-dimers and may it have any 'useful' purpose apart from prognostication?"}, {"pmid": 32382072, "title": "Structural basis for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease by antineoplastic drug carmofur.", "journal": "Nat Struct Mol Biol", "authors": ["Jin, Zhenming", "Zhao, Yao", "Sun, Yuan", "Zhang, Bing", "Wang, Haofeng", "Wu, Yan", "Zhu, Yan", "Zhu, Chen", "Hu, Tianyu", "Du, Xiaoyu", "Duan, Yinkai", "Yu, Jing", "Yang, Xiaobao", "Yang, Xiuna", "Yang, Kailin", "Liu, Xiang", "Guddat, Luke W", "Xiao, Gengfu", "Zhang, Leike", "Yang, Haitao", "Rao, Zihe"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382072", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The antineoplastic drug carmofur is shown to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Here, the X-ray crystal structure of Mpro in complex with carmofur reveals that the carbonyl reactive group of carmofur is covalently bound to catalytic Cys145, whereas its fatty acid tail occupies the hydrophobic S2 subsite. Carmofur inhibits viral replication in cells (EC50\u2009=\u200924.30\u2009\u03bcM) and is a promising lead compound to develop new antiviral treatment for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32407289, "title": "COVID-19 crisis in Jordan: Response, scenarios, strategies, and recommendations.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Alqutob, Raeda", "Al Nsour, Mohannad", "Tarawneh, Mohammad Rasoul", "Ajlouni, Musa", "Khader, Yousef", "Aqel, Ibrahim", "Kharabsheh, Saad", "Obeidat, Nathir"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407289", "countries": ["Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of 12th April 2020, a total of 389 cases of COVID-19 were confirmed in Jordan. To control this imminent threat, Jordan has enforced public health infection prevention and control measures, called for social distancing, seized all forms of inbound and outbound movement/ international travel, and enacted the Defence Law that transferred the authority to Minister of Defence to work and formulate orders according to the situation. In an effort to support the government in anticipating the requirements of the health system in the upcoming period, an in-depth reflection and examination of different scenarios of the disease spread were developed. This viewpoint suggested different strategies and measures for case detection and contact tracing, clinical management of cases, public health system functioning, and civil society organizations contribution. It is necessary to accelerate containment of the disease to protect the economy and to maintain the continuity of some activities to mitigate the subsequent social, economic and financial impacts. This requires finding a coping mechanism for a period that may be prolonged until laboratories develop a vaccine. In specific, it is strongly recommended to promote community health awareness towards public health prevention and control measures, increase the efficiency and comprehensiveness of the epidemiological investigation/ active and passive surveillance, and employ technology and digital health solutions to track cases and contacts. It is also recommended to increase and expand resources of intensive care units including respirators, increase the capacity and the number of trained health staff in the area of public health and epidemiology, ensure continued provision of essential public health programs and mobilize the resources of non-governmental sector and donors to provide services for refugees and vulnerable populations."}, {"pmid": 32387061, "pmcid": "PMC7190519", "title": "COVID-19 and acute lymphoblastic leukemias of children and adolescents: First recommendations of the Leukemia committee of the French Society for the fight against Cancers and Leukemias in children and adolescents (SFCE).", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Baruchel, Andre", "Bertrand, Yves", "Boissel, Nicolas", "Brethon, Benoit", "Ducassou, Stephane", "Gandemer, Virginie", "Halfon-Domenech, Carine", "Leblanc, Thierry", "Leverger, Guy", "Michel, Gerard", "Petit, Arnaud", "Ray-Lunven, Anne-France", "Rohrlich, Pierre-Simon", "Schneider, Pascale", "Sirvent, Nicolas", "Strullu, Marion"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387061", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, many recommendations have been made. However, the very nature of acute lymphoblastic leukemias and their treatment in children and adolescents led the Leukemia Committee of the French Society for the fight against cancers and leukemias in children and adolescents (SFCE) to propose more specific recommendations, even if data for this population are still scarce. They may have to evolve according to the rapid evolution of knowledge on COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32471009, "title": "Absence of Skin of Colour Images in Publications of COVID-19 Skin Manifestations.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Lester, J C", "Jia, J L", "Zhang, L", "Okoye, G A", "Linos, E"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471009", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are now over 1 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally with more than 270,000 recorded deaths to date. COVID-19 has been shown to disproportionately impact people of colour both in the United Kingdom and in the United States where blacks make up 13.4% of the population but 30% of COVID-19 cases. Mounting evidence shows that COVID-19 impacts several organ systems, including the skin."}, {"pmid": 32289466, "pmcid": "PMC7194535", "title": "The evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on ocular surface.", "journal": "Ocul Surf", "authors": ["Zhang, Xian", "Chen, Xuhui", "Chen, Liwen", "Deng, Chaohua", "Zou, Xiaojing", "Liu, Weiyong", "Yu, Huimin", "Chen, Bo", "Sun, Xufang"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289466", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a cross-sectional study of patients who received a COVID-19 diagnosis between December 30, 2019 and February 7, 2020 at Tongji Hospital. A total of 102 patients (48 Male [47%] and 54 Female [53%]) with clinical symptoms, Rt, and chest Computed Tomography (CT) abnormalities were identified with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients had a mean [SD] gestational age of 57.63 [14.90] years. Of a total of 102 patients identified, 72 patients (36 men [50%] and 36 women [50%]; mean [SD] age, 58.68 [14.81] years) were confirmed to have COVID-19 by laboratory diagnosis with a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay. Only two patients (2.78%) with conjunctivitis were identified from 72 patients with a laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Of those two patients, SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments were found in ocular discharges by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in only one patient. Our findings suspect the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection through the ocular surface is extremely low, while the nosocomial infection of SARS-CoV-2 through the eyes after occupational exposure is a potential route. To lower the SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial infection, all health care professionals should wear protective goggles. The inefficient diagnostic method and the sampling time lag may contribute to the lower positive rate of conjunctival swab samples of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32461203, "title": "Children are being sidelined by covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sinha, Ian", "Bennett, Davara", "Taylor-Robinson, David C"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461203", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423787, "pmcid": "PMC7252026", "title": "Proposed brachytherapy recommendations (practical implementation, indications, and dose fractionation) during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Brachytherapy", "authors": ["Mohindra, Pranshu", "Beriwal, Sushil", "Kamrava, Mitchell"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423787", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447049, "pmcid": "PMC7242197", "title": "Anosmia in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Hornuss, D", "Lange, B", "Schroter, N", "Rieg, S", "Kern, W V", "Wagner, D"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447049", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304146, "pmcid": "PMC7264739", "title": "Response to recent commentaries regarding the involvement of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and renin-angiotensin system blockers in SARS-CoV-2 infections.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Speth, Robert C"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304146", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396747, "title": "Reply to Facing COVID-19 in Ophthalmology Department.", "journal": "Curr Eye Res", "authors": ["McGlacken-Byrne, Aisling B"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396747", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32150358, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: facing the pandemic together as citizens and cardiovascular practitioners.", "journal": "Minerva Cardioangiol", "authors": ["Biondi Zoccai, Giuseppe", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Carnevale, Roberto", "Cavarretta, Elena", "Sciarretta, Sebastiano", "Frati, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32150358", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461489, "title": "Silent casualty of COVID-19: Training and education.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Farooqui, Javed Hussain", "Das, Sima", "Sabherwal, Shalinder", "Mathur, Umang", "Iqbal, Sana"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461489", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503826, "title": "Tor Vergata University-Hospital in the Beginning of COVID-19-Era: Experience and Recommendation for Breast Cancer Patients.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Buonomo, Oreste Claudio", "Materazzo, Marco", "Pellicciaro, Marco", "Caspi, Jonathan", "Piccione, Emilio", "Vanni, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503826", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has been officially declared as a pandemic by the WHO. Italy was the first European country to be strongly affected by this outbreak. All elective and health promotion activities were reduced. Accordingly, Italian Breast Units and breast cancer (BC) screening programs scaled down significantly their activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate measures that could potentially reduce the clinical impact of COVID-19 on BC patients. Temporary recommendations are needed that could assist specialists in preventing COVID-19 infection and optimizing resources for diagnosis and treatment of BC patients."}, {"pmid": 32283140, "pmcid": "PMC7194903", "title": "Re: Profile of specific antibodies to SARS-CoV-2: The first report.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zeng, Zhikun", "Chen, Liangjun", "Pan, Yunbao", "Deng, Qiaoling", "Ye, Guangming", "Li, Yirong", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283140", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479746, "pmcid": "PMC7205692", "title": "Host-Viral Infection Maps Reveal Signatures of Severe COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Bost, Pierre", "Giladi, Amir", "Liu, Yang", "Bendjelal, Yanis", "Xu, Gang", "David, Eyal", "Blecher-Gonen, Ronnie", "Cohen, Merav", "Medaglia, Chiara", "Li, Hanjie", "Deczkowska, Aleksandra", "Zhang, Shuye", "Schwikowski, Benno", "Zhang, Zheng", "Amit, Ido"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479746", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viruses are a constant threat to global health as highlighted by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, lack of data underlying how the human host interacts with viruses, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus, limits effective therapeutic intervention. We introduce Viral-Track, a computational method that globally scans unmapped single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for the presence of viral RNA, enabling transcriptional cell sorting of infected versus bystander cells. We demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of Viral-Track to systematically detect viruses from multiple models of infection, including hepatitis B virus, in an unsupervised manner. Applying Viral-Track to bronchoalveloar-lavage samples from severe and mild COVID-19 patients reveals a dramatic impact of the virus on the immune system of severe patients compared to mild cases. Viral-Track detects an unexpected co-infection of the human metapneumovirus, present mainly in monocytes perturbed in type-I interferon (IFN)-signaling. Viral-Track provides a robust technology for dissecting the mechanisms of viral-infection and pathology."}, {"pmid": 32156327, "pmcid": "PMC7068164", "title": "First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Spiteri, Gianfranco", "Fielding, James", "Diercke, Michaela", "Campese, Christine", "Enouf, Vincent", "Gaymard, Alexandre", "Bella, Antonino", "Sognamiglio, Paola", "Sierra Moros, Maria Jose", "Riutort, Antonio Nicolau", "Demina, Yulia V", "Mahieu, Romain", "Broas, Markku", "Bengner, Malin", "Buda, Silke", "Schilling, Julia", "Filleul, Laurent", "Lepoutre, Agnes", "Saura, Christine", "Mailles, Alexandra", "Levy-Bruhl, Daniel", "Coignard, Bruno", "Bernard-Stoecklin, Sibylle", "Behillil, Sylvie", "van der Werf, Sylvie", "Valette, Martine", "Lina, Bruno", "Riccardo, Flavia", "Nicastri, Emanuele", "Casas, Inmaculada", "Larrauri, Amparo", "Salom Castell, Magdalena", "Pozo, Francisco", "Maksyutov, Rinat A", "Martin, Charlotte", "Van Ranst, Marc", "Bossuyt, Nathalie", "Siira, Lotta", "Sane, Jussi", "Tegmark-Wisell, Karin", "Palmerus, Maria", "Broberg, Eeva K", "Beaute, Julien", "Jorgensen, Pernille", "Bundle, Nick", "Pereyaslov, Dmitriy", "Adlhoch, Cornelia", "Pukkila, Jukka", "Pebody, Richard", "Olsen, Sonja", "Ciancio, Bruno Christian"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156327", "countries": ["Germany", "France", "China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the WHO European Region, COVID-19 surveillance was implemented 27 January 2020. We detail the first European cases. As at 21 February, nine European countries reported 47 cases. Among 38 cases studied, 21 were linked to two clusters in Germany and France, 14 were infected in China. Median case age was 42\u2009years; 25 were male. Late detection of the clusters' index cases delayed isolation of further local cases. As at 5 March, there were 4,250 cases."}, {"pmid": 32516161, "title": "COVID-19 epidemic in the Seine-Saint-Denis Department of Greater Paris: one month and three waves for a tsunami.", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Lapostolle, Frederic", "Goix, Laurent", "Vianu, Isabelle", "Chanzy, Erick", "De Stefano, Carla", "Gorlicki, Judith", "Petrovic, Tomislav", "Adnet, Frederic"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516161", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Worldwide, the COVID-19 epidemic has put health systems to the test. The excess mortality is partly due to the influx of patients requiring hospitalization and intensive care. We propose that the chronology of epidemic spread gives a window of time in which hospitals can act to prevent reaching capacity. The out-of-hospital SAMU Emergency Medical System in an entry point into the French health care system. We recorded the number of patients managed, of patients transferred to emergency departments (ED), and of mobile intensive care units (MICUs) dispatched. Each criterion was compared to the mean of the same criterion over the previous 5 years. The alert threshold which indicated a public health crisis was defined as a 20% increase compared to the 5-year mean. The reference period, from January 2015 to December 2019, included 3 381 611 calls, and 1 137 856 patients. The study period, from 17 February to 28 March 2020, included 166 888 calls, and 56 708 patients. The daily numbers of patients managed crossed the threshold on February 25, and increased until the end of the study period. The daily number of patients transferred to ED crossed the threshold on March 16, and increased until the end of the period. The daily number of MICUs dispatched crossed the threshold on March 15, and increased until the end of the period. The COVID-19 epidemic reached our department in three consecutive waves which overwhelmed the health care system. The first wave preceded by 30 days the massive arrival of critical patients. Health care systems must take advantage of this delay to prepare for the third wave."}, {"pmid": 32297985, "pmcid": "PMC7262102", "title": "Evaluation of antiviral therapies for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Shi, Xiudong", "Lu, Yang", "Li, Rong", "Tang, Yanlin", "Shi, Nannan", "Song, Fengxiang", "Shan, Fei", "Chen, Guochao", "Song, Pengrui", "Shi, Yuxin"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297985", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of our study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of antiviral drugs on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Patients confirmed with COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled and divided into seven groups according to the treatment option. Information including age, sex, and duration from illness onset to admission, clinical manifestations, and laboratory data at admission, and length of hospital stay were evaluated. The chest computed tomography (CT) imaging obtained at admission and after a 5-day treatment cycle were assessed. The clinical symptoms and laboratory tests at discharge were also assessed. At admission, no significant differences were found among the groups, including the duration from illness onset to admission, clinical symptoms, and main laboratory results. No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of the proportion of patients with pneumonia resolution (P\u2009=\u2009.151) after treatment or the length of hospital stay (P\u2009=\u2009.116). At discharge, 7 of 184 (4%) patients had a mild cough while their other symptoms had disappeared, and the proportion of patients with abnormal liver function and with increased leukocytes, neutrophils or erythrocyte sedimentation rate among the 184 patients were close to those at admission. According to the results, the inclusion of antiviral drugs in therapeutic regimens based on symptomatic treatment had no significant additional impact on the improvement in COVID-19 patients. In addition, the results of chest CT imaging, clinical manifestations, and laboratory tests at discharge were not completely consistent."}, {"pmid": 32473756, "pmcid": "PMC7242930", "title": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Soh, Mitsuhito", "Hifumi, Toru", "Isokawa, Shutaro", "Shimizu, Masato", "Otani, Norio", "Ishimatsu, Shinichi"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473756", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the first two cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) who were receiving intensive care including favipiravir, and were clinically diagnosed with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) to focus attention on NMS in COVID-19 management. Case 1: A 46-year-old-man with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19 infection was being administered favipiravir. Fentanyl, propofol, and rocuronium were also given. On day 3, midazolam administration was initiated for deep sedation. On day 5, his high body temperature increased to 41.2\u202f\u00b0C, creatine kinase level elevated, and he developed tachycardia, tachypnea, altered consciousness, and diaphoresis. NMS was suspected, and supportive therapy was initiated. High-grade fever persisted for 4\u202fdays and subsided on day 9. Case 2: A 44-year-old-man with ARDS caused by COVID-19 infection was being treated with favipiravir. On day 5, risperidone was started for delirium. On day 7, his body temperature suddenly increased to 40.8\u202f\u00b0C, his CK level elevated, and he developed tachycardia, tachypnea, altered consciousness, and diaphoresis. NMS diagnosis was confirmed, and both, favipiravir and risperidone were discontinued on day 8. On the same day, his CK levels decreased, and his body temperature normalized on day 9. Patients with COVID-19 infection frequently require deep sedation and develop delirium; therefore, more attention should be paid to the development of NMS in patients who are being administered such causative agents. The mechanism underlying the occurrence of NMS in COVID-19 patients treated with favipiravir remains unknown. Therefore, careful consideration of NMS development is necessary in the management of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32467554, "title": "Malaysia Stroke Council guide on acute stroke care service during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Med J Malaysia", "authors": ["Wan Asyraf, W Z", "Ah Khan, Y K", "Chung, L W", "Kee, H F", "Irene, L", "Ang, C L", "Choon, W K", "Mak, C S", "Tan, W Y", "Wn Nafisah, W Y", "Hamidon, B"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467554", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On the 18th of March 2020, the Malaysia government declared a movement control order (MCO) due to the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Although the majority of patients presented with respiratory-related symptoms, COVID-19 patients may present atypically with neurological manifestations and may even have an increased risk of stroke. The Malaysia Stroke Council is concerned regarding the level of care given to stroke patients during this pandemic. During the recent National Stroke Workflow Steering Committee meeting, a guide was made based on the currently available evidences to assist Malaysian physicians providing acute stroke care in the hospital setting in order to provide the best stroke care while maintaining their own safety. The guide comprises of prehospital stroke awareness, hyperacute stroke care, stroke care unit and intensive care unit admission, post-stroke rehabilitation and secondary prevention practice. We urge continuous initiative to provide the best stroke care possible and ensure adequate safety for both patients and the stroke care team."}, {"pmid": 32302992, "pmcid": "PMC7164322", "title": "Editorial. COVID-19 and academic neurosurgery.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Carter, Bob S", "Chiocca, E Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302992", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32088598, "pmcid": "PMC7129563", "title": "First respiratory transmitted food borne outbreak?", "journal": "Int J Hyg Environ Health", "authors": ["Jalava, Katri"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088598", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is faced with a remarkable coronavirus outbreak with epicentre in Wuhan, China. Altogether 40554 cases have been confirmed globally with novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) until February 10, 2020. Rigorous surveillance in other countries is required to prevent further global expansion of the outbreak, but resolving the exact mechanism of the initial transmission events is crucial. Most initial cases had visited Huanan South Seafood Market in Wuhan selling also various exotic live animals. Based on the limited initial human-to-human transmission and timely clustering of cases in Huanan market among elderly men, coupled with knowledge that coronaviruses are derived from animals and relationship of SARS-CoV-2 to bat coronavirus, zoonotic transmission in the first instance is probable. To target the actions, similar epidemiological actions to human cases are needed with animal or food exposures. According to current information, an exceptionally wide contamination of seafood market might explain the initiation of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Seafood tanks, air contamination by live animals or rodents are possibilities, but sold animals normally come from various sources. The mode of transmission may become clearer in future: usually in outbreak investigations, hindsight is easy, but for now information about the initial source of this outbreak is limited."}, {"pmid": 32463290, "title": "[SARS-CoV-2 infection and its relation with the nutritional status].", "journal": "Nutr Hosp", "authors": ["Remon Ruiz, Pablo", "Garcia Luna, Pedro Pablo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463290", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408118, "pmcid": "PMC7200339", "title": "Is diabetes mellitus associated with mortality and severity of COVID-19? A meta-analysis.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Kumar, Ashish", "Arora, Anil", "Sharma, Praveen", "Anikhindi, Shrihari Anil", "Bansal, Naresh", "Singla, Vikas", "Khare, Shivam", "Srivastava, Abhishyant"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408118", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many studies on COVID-19 have reported diabetes to be associated with severe disease and mortality, however, the data is conflicting. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to explore the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 mortality and severity, and to determine the prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19. We searched the PubMed for case-control studies in English, published between Jan 1 and Apr 22, 2020, that had data on diabetes in patients with COVID-19. The frequency of diabetes was compared between patients with and without the composite endpoint of mortality or severity. Random effects model was used with odds ratio as the effect size. We also determined the pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19. Heterogeneity and publication bias were taken care by meta-regression, sub-group analyses, and trim and fill methods. We included 33 studies (16,003 patients) and found diabetes to be significantly associated with mortality of COVID-19 with a pooled odds ratio of 1.90 (95% CI: 1.37-2.64; p\u00a0<\u00a00.01). Diabetes was also associated with severe COVID-19 with a pooled odds ratio of 2.75 (95% CI: 2.09-3.62; p\u00a0<\u00a00.01). The combined corrected pooled odds ratio of mortality or severity was 2.16 (95% CI: 1.74-2.68; p\u00a0<\u00a00.01). The pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19 was 9.8% (95% CI: 8.7%-10.9%) (after adjusting for heterogeneity). Diabetes in patients with COVID-19 is associated with a two-fold increase in mortality as well as severity of COVID-19, as compared to non-diabetics. Further studies on the pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications need to be done."}, {"pmid": 32237261, "pmcid": "PMC7228391", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak and rheumatologic skin diseases.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Arora, Gulhima", "Kassir, Martin", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Galadari, Hassan", "Lotti, Torello", "Satolli, Francesca", "Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Sitkowska, Zuzanna", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237261", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372785, "pmcid": "PMC7194960", "title": "The hunt to find the coronavirus pandemic's patient zero.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Lu, Donna"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372785", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145186, "pmcid": "PMC7124694", "title": "Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wang, Guanghai", "Zhang, Yunting", "Zhao, Jin", "Zhang, Jun", "Jiang, Fan"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145186", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235083, "title": "Global outbreak of COVID-19: a new challenge?", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Musa, Taha Hussein", "Ahmad, Tauseef", "Khan, Muhammad", "Haroon, Haroon", "Wei, Pingmin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235083", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407719, "pmcid": "PMC7212947", "title": "Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized and Critically Ill Children and Adolescents with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) at a Tertiary Care Medical Center in New York City.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Chao, Jerry Y", "Derespina, Kim R", "Herold, Betsy C", "Goldman, David L", "Aldrich, Margaret", "Weingarten, Jacqueline", "Ushay, Henry M", "Cabana, Michael D", "Medar, Shivanand S"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407719", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the clinical profiles and risk factors for critical illness in hospitalized children and adolescents with COVID-19. Children 1 month to 21 years with COVID-19 from a single tertiary care children's hospital between March 15-April 13, 2020 were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected. 67 children tested positive for COVID-19; 21 (31.3%) were managed as outpatients. Of 46 admitted patients, 33 (72%) were admitted to the general pediatric medical unit and 13 (28%) to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Obesity and asthma were highly prevalent but not significantly associated with PICU admission (p=0.99). Admission to the PICU was significantly associated with higher C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and pro-B type natriuretic peptide levels and platelet counts (p<0.05 for all). Patients in the PICU were more likely to require high-flow nasal cannula (p=0.0001) and were more likely to have received Remdesivir through compassionate release (p<0.05). Severe sepsis and septic shock syndromes were observed in 7 (53.8%) PICU patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was observed in 10 (77%) PICU patients, 6 of whom (46.2%) required invasive mechanical ventilation for a median of 9 days. Of the 13 patients in the PICU, 8 (61.5%) were discharged home, and 4 (30.7%) patients remain hospitalized on ventilatory support at day 14. One patient died after withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy because of metastatic cancer. We describe a higher than previously recognized rate of severe disease requiring PICU admission in pediatric patients admitted to the hospital with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32277760, "title": "Thromboprophylaxis and laboratory monitoring for in-hospital patients with COVID-19 - a Swiss consensus statement by the Working Party Hemostasis.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Casini, Alessandro", "Alberio, Lorenzo", "Angelillo-Scherrer, Anne", "Fontana, Pierre", "Gerber, Bernhard", "Graf, Lukas", "Hegemann, Inga", "Korte, Wolfgang", "Kremer Hovinga, Johanna", "Lecompte, Thomas", "Martinez, Maria", "Nagler, Michael", "Studt, Jan-Dirk", "Tsakiris, Dimitrios", "Wuillemin, Walter", "Asmis, Lars"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277760", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346469, "pmcid": "PMC7176478", "title": "Limiting spread of COVID-19 in an orthopaedic department-a perspective from Spain.", "journal": "J Surg Case Rep", "authors": ["Gomez-Barrena, Enrique", "Rubio-Suarez, Juan C", "Fernandez-Baillo, Nicomedes", "Antuna, Samuel", "Cruz-Pardos, Ana", "Blanco, Manuel", "Ortiz-Cruz, Eduardo", "Gonzalez-Moran, Gaspar", "Gil-Garay, Enrique"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346469", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Besides national and international recommendations, orthopaedic departments face significant changes in daily activity and serious issues to maintain their standards in musculoskeletal care during the pandemic Covid-19 crisis that we are facing. This report retrospectively addresses measures that were progressively put in place to modify in a week time the activity of a busy orthopaedic department in a large tertiary university hospital in face of the pandemic. Surgical priorities and surgical outcomes are key aspects to consider. The experience may offer some insight to areas where the spread of the disease may be slower or delayed. Abrupt stop of scheduled surgery and clinics is useful to adapt an orthopaedic department to the overall hospital resource reorganization. Orthopaedic surgeons need to be aware of the risks to patients and personnel in view of underdiagnosed cases, which make pre-operative Covid-19 evaluation mandatory for all surgical cases."}, {"pmid": 32266937, "pmcid": "PMC7184380", "title": "Inside the heart of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Res", "authors": ["Adao, Rui", "Guzik, Tomasz J"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266937", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518609, "pmcid": "PMC7270873", "title": "Simulation Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Simul Nurs", "authors": ["Harder, Nicole"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518609", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525362, "title": "COVID-19: Complexity and the Black Swan.", "journal": "Fam Syst Health", "authors": ["Valeras, Andrew S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525362", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In previous President's Columns (Valeras, 2019a, 2019b), the properties of complexity and complex adaptive systems have been discussed, in terms of the value of continual and iterative change, in order to nudge a system to emerge differently, rather than maintain the status quo. COVID-19 is not a nudge; it is a tidal wave. Engaging with and understanding complexity science allows us to examine the internal rules of our health care system and recognize our own role as agents that can systematically and deliberately disrupt the status quo. The intertwined and interdependent complex relationships that exist in health care between persons, business, academia, and government buffer the system from rapid and drastic change. COVID-19, however, swiftly disrupted many of the rules keeping the system in its previous state. Some would describe this sudden and dramatic systems change as a Black Swan. This column will examine the role of the Black Swan, as it relates to this pandemic. The Black Swan is a term coined in the 2nd century by Roman poet Juvenal's description of something being rara avis in terries nigroque simillima cygno, Latin for \"a bird as rare as the black swan\" (Taleb, 2007, p. xxxi). At this time, reference to a black swan was meant as a statement of impossibility, because all historical records of swans had been white. In 1697, Dutch explorers discovered black swans living in the wild in Western Australia (Taleb, 2007, p. xxi), and the black swan became a metaphor for events that come as a surprise, have major implications, and can often be understood only with the benefit of hindsight. This theory of the black swan was further articulated by Nassim Nicholas Taleb in his books Fooled by Randomness (Taleb, 2001) and The Black Swan (Taleb, 2007). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32418867, "pmcid": "PMC7196534", "title": "COVID-19 associated coagulopathy: The crowning glory of thrombo-inflammation concept.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Gris, Jean-Christophe", "Perez-Martin, Antonia", "Quere, Isabelle", "Sotto, Albert"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418867", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479777, "pmcid": "PMC7256488", "title": "Spanish risk management framework across 17 radiation oncology centers during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Suarez, Vladimir", "Moreno-Olmedo, Elena", "Perez, Maria", "Gonzalez, Esq Jose", "Rivas, Daniel", "Fusco, Juan", "Kechagioglou, Penny", "Lopez, Escarlata"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479777", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our healthcare systems and the rapid introduction of new protocols that have been required to keep patients and workforce safe. In order to maintain activity with radiotherapy clinical assistance, we have implemented different measures in our centers from a patient and staff safety perspective."}, {"pmid": 32365283, "pmcid": "PMC7197953", "title": "Lessons learned from HIV can inform our approach to COVID-19 stigma.", "journal": "J Int AIDS Soc", "authors": ["Logie, Carmen H"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365283", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388948, "title": "[Analysis of transmission characteristics of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ning, S S", "Zhang, Y", "Cao, L", "Chen, S", "Wang, W H", "Nian, Y P", "Zhu, N", "Yang, G J", "Li, X X", "Zhang, S B"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388948", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A total of 245 cases of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province reported in the China information system for disease control and prevention as of February 24, 2020 were selected as the research objects, the cases are divided into imported cases (116 cases, 47.3%) and local cases (129 cases, 52.7%), their basic characteristics, time distribution, transmission mode, intergenerational interval and latent period transmission are analyzed. The age of local cases [(51.74\u00b115.67) years old], female patients (69 cases, 53.5%), housework and retired staff (40 cases, 31.0%), and patients isolated at the time of onset (50 cases, 38.8%) were higher than imported cases, respectively[(40.66\u00b115.41) years old, (45 cases, 38.8%), (21 cases, 18.1%), (17 cases, 14.6%)] (P values were < 0.05); The infection rate was 0.8% (31/3 666) in close contacts with local cases, which was lower than imported cases 2.0% (69/3 435) (P<0.001); The main source of infection in local cases was relatives (70 cases, 54.3%), and the main way of infection was living together and party (90 cases, 69.8%); the proportion of latent period transmission in our province was 15.5% (20 cases), and the interval between the second-generation case and the source of infection was about 4 days, and the interval between generations was about 6 days. In summary, the main way of infection of local cases in Shaanxi Province was living together and party, there were a certain proportion of latent period transmission cases at present, it's suggested that the investigation of close contacts should be started 4 days or earlier before the onset of the case."}, {"pmid": 32522141, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 16 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 17 May 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522141", "countries": ["Brazil", "Australia", "India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 17 May 2020: notifications = 7,075; deaths = 100. The incidence of new cases of COVID-19 has reduced dramatically since a peak in mid-March. Social distancing measures, public health action and the reduction in international travel have likely been effective in slowing the spread of the disease, in the Australian community. Testing rates over the past week have increased markedly, with a continued very low proportion of people testing positive. These low rates of detection are indicative of low levels of COVID-19 transmission. It is important that testing rates and community adherence to public health measures remain high to support the continued suppression of the virus, particularly in vulnerable high-risk groups and settings. New cases of COVID-19 are currently being reported by by only some jurisdictions, albeit at relatively low rates. Although case numbers are low, new cases tend to still be a mix of overseas-acquired and locally-acquired infections. Most locally-acquired cases can be linked back to a known case or cluster. Although the proportion of locally-acquired cases has increased, the overall rate of new cases, regardless of place of acquisition, continues to decrease. The crude case fatality rate in Australia remains low (1.4%), compared with the WHO reported global rate (6.9%). The low case fatality rate is likely reflective of high case detection and high quality of health care services in Australia. Deaths from COVID-19 in Australia have occurred predominantly among the elderly and those with comorbidities, with no deaths occurring in those under 40 years. The highest rate of COVID-19 continues to be among people aged 60-79 years. One third of all cases in this age group have been associated with several outbreaks linked to cruise ships. The lowest rate of disease is in young children, a pattern reflected in international reports. Internationally, while the number of new cases each day remains relatively stable at the global level, some areas such as Brazil and India are showing a dramatic rise in reported cases. Although some low-income countries have so far reported few cases, it is possible that this is due to limited diagnostic and public health capacity, and may not be reflective of true disease incidence."}, {"pmid": 32400349, "pmcid": "PMC7263564", "title": "Identification of Falsified Chloroquine Tablets in Africa at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Gnegel, Gesa", "Hauk, Cathrin", "Neci, Richard", "Mutombo, Georges", "Nyaah, Fidelis", "Wistuba, Dorothee", "Hafele-Abah, Christine", "Heide, Lutz"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400349", "countries": ["Germany", "Cameroon"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reports that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine may be effective against COVID-19 have received worldwide attention, increasing the risk of the introduction of falsified versions of these medicines. Five different types of falsified chloroquine tablets were discovered between March 31, 2020 and April 4, 2020, in Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo by locally conducted thin layer chromatographic analysis. Subsequent investigation by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry in Germany proved the absence of detectable amounts of chloroquine and the presence of undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredients, that is, paracetamol and metronidazole, in four of the samples. The fifth sample contained chloroquine, but only 22% of the declared amount. Such products represent a serious risk to patients. Their occurrence exemplifies that once medicines or vaccines against COVID-19 may be developed, falsified products will enter the market immediately, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Timely preparations for the detection of such products are required, including the establishment of appropriate screening technologies in LMICs."}, {"pmid": 32487868, "title": "Cardiac imaging in congenital heart disease during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: recommendations from the Working Group on Congenital Heart Disease of the Italian Society of Cardiology.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)", "authors": ["Sirico, Domenico", "Castaldi, Biagio", "Ciliberti, Paolo", "Sabatino, Jolanda", "Cazzoli, Ilaria", "Secinaro, Aurelio", "Calcaterra, Giuseppe", "Oreto, Lilia", "Calabro, Maria Pia", "Chessa, Massimo", "Limongelli, Giuseppe", "D'Alto, Michele", "Serra, Walter", "Bassareo, Pierpaolo", "Russo, Maria Giovanna", "Guccione, Paolo", "Di Salvo, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487868", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": The recent outbreak of 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is having major repercussions on healthcare services provision in Italy and worldwide. Data suggest the virus has a strong impact on the cardiovascular system, and cardiac imaging will play an important role in patients affected by coronavirus disease-2019. Although paediatric patients are mildly affected, they represent a clear accelerator in spreading the virus, and healthcare workers are at higher risk of infection. The aim of this position paper is to provide clinical recommendation regarding the execution of imaging investigations for the cardiac diagnostic work-up of paediatric patients with suspected or confirmed infection."}, {"pmid": 32513292, "title": "Implementation science in times of Covid-19.", "journal": "Implement Sci", "authors": ["Wensing, Michel", "Sales, Anne", "Armstrong, Rebecca", "Wilson, Paul"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 affects all of us and is associated with rapid and massive changes in healthcare and societies. As a response, a range of interventions for patients and populations have been implemented in health and preventive settings, or need to be implemented in the short and long term. Implementation science offers a multidisciplinary perspective and systematic approach for the design, evaluation and analysis of programmes and policies to enhance implementation. The emergence of Covid-19 provides an urgent need to develop new perspectives and approaches in implementation science, such as the addition of innovative and rigorous approaches to the collection, use and analysis of 'real-world' data. Above all, we hope that implementation scientists will focus on what they can contribute to manage Covid-19 and its consequences for people, healthcare and society."}, {"pmid": 32453074, "title": "Atrial Fibrillation in COVID-19: From epidemiological association to pharmacological implications.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Pharmacol", "authors": ["Russo, Vincenzo", "Rago, Anna", "Carbone, Andreina", "Bottino, Roberta", "Ammendola, Ernesto", "Della Cioppa, Nadia", "Galante, Dario", "Golino, Paolo", "Nigro, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453074", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a public health emergency of international concern due to a highly pathogenic human coronavirus (HCoV), actually named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite much emerging data about the epidemiological association between cardiovascular diseases and COVID-19, little is still known atrial fibrillation (AF) and its optimal management in this clinical contest. The aim of our review is to describe the pharmacological interactions between cardiovascular drugs more commonly used in AF management and experimental COVID-19 therapies, based on European (EU) and Unites States (US) summaries of product characteristics."}, {"pmid": 32501825, "title": "ECT and COVID-19 in acute inpatient psychiatry: More than clinical issues alone.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Boland, Xavier", "Dratcu, Luiz"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501825", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246490, "title": "Rapid Scale-Up of Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Implications for Subspecialty Care in Rural Areas.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Nagata, Jason M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392473, "pmcid": "PMC7236608", "title": "The Challenges of COVID-19 for People Living With Diabetes: Considerations for Digital Health.", "journal": "JMIR Diabetes", "authors": ["Gamble, Anissa", "Pham, Quynh", "Goyal, Shivani", "Cafazzo, Joseph A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392473", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that significantly impacts people living with diabetes. Diabetes-related factors of glycemic control, medication pharmacodynamics, and insulin access can impact the severity of a COVID-19 infection. In this commentary, we explore how digital health can support the diabetes community through the pandemic. For those living with diabetes, digital health presents the opportunity to access care with greater convenience while not having to expose themselves to infection in an in-person clinic. Digital diabetes apps can increase agency in self-care and produce clinically significant improvement in glycemic control through facilitating the capture of diabetes device data. However, the ability to share these data back to the clinic to inform virtual care and enhance diabetes coaching and guidance remains a challenge. In the end, it requires an unnecessarily high level of technical sophistication on the clinic's part and on those living with diabetes to routinely use their diabetes device data in clinic visits, virtual or otherwise. As the world comes together to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, close collaboration among the global diabetes community is critical to understand and manage the sustained impact of the pandemic on people living with diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32051071, "title": "[Perinatal and neonatal management plan for prevention and control of 2019 novel coronavirus infection (1st Edition)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32051071", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has been prevalent in China. Due to immaturity of immune function and the possibility of mother-fetal vertical transmission, neonates are particularly susceptible to 2019-nCoV. The perinatal-neonatal departments should cooperate closely and take integrated approaches, and the neonatal intensive care unit should prepare the emergency plan for 2019-nCoV infection as far as possible, so as to ensure the optimal management and treatment of potential victims. According to the latest 2019-nCoV national management plan and the actual situation, the Working Group for the Prevention and Control of Neonatal 2019-nCoV Infection in the Perinatal Period of the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics puts forward recommendations for the prevention and control of 2019-nCoV infection in neonates."}, {"pmid": 32071427, "pmcid": "PMC7054296", "title": "Virus against virus: a potential treatment for 2019-nCov (SARS-CoV-2) and other RNA viruses.", "journal": "Cell Res", "authors": ["Nguyen, Tuan M", "Zhang, Yang", "Pandolfi, Pier Paolo"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32071427", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350872, "pmcid": "PMC7256125", "title": "COVID-19 and (hydroxy)chloroquine-azithromycin combination: Should we take the risk for our patients?", "journal": "Br J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Javelot, Herve", "El-Hage, Wissam", "Meyer, Guillaume", "Becker, Guillaume", "Michel, Bruno", "Hingray, Coraline"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350872", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527790, "title": "Integration of palliative care into COVID-19 pandemic planning.", "journal": "BMJ Support Palliat Care", "authors": ["Fadul, Nada", "Elsayem, Ahmed F", "Bruera, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527790", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to surpass the healthcare system's capacity to provide intensive care to all patients who deteriorate as a result of the disease. This poses a unique challenge to healthcare teams of rationing care during pandemic when resources are scarce. Healthcare providers will need to acquire new skills in care decision making and effective symptom control for patients who do not receive life-saving measures. In this review, we describe some of the important palliative care considerations that need to be incorporated into COVID-19 pandemic planning. The main aspects to be considered include decision algorithms for rationing care, training on effective symptoms management, alternative delivery methods of palliative care services such as telemedicine and finally death and bereavement support for surviving family members who are likely to be isolated from their loved one at the moment of death."}, {"pmid": 32349517, "title": "Becoming a Faithful Defender: Traditional Chinese Medicine against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Chin Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Leyin", "Yu, Jieru", "Zhou, Yiwen", "Shen, Minhe", "Sun, Leitao"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349517", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak caused by COVID-19 is causing a major challenge to clinical management and a worldwide threat to public health. So far, there is no specific anti-coronavirus therapy approved for the treatment of COVID-19. Recently, as the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely acknowledged, it has been brought to a crucial status by the public, governments, and World Health Organization (WHO). For a better popularization of TCM, governments have made several advances in regulations and policies for treatment and measures of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). Therefore, on the basis of epidemiology and virology information, we reviewed relevant meta-analysis and clinical studies of anti-coronavirus therapeutics by TCM, in the aspect of mortality, symptom improvement, duration and dosage of corticosteroid, incidence of complications and the like. In addition, we also summarized preclinical rationale for anti-coronavirus activity by TCM in terms of virion assembly and release, as well as viral entry and replication, which could be a useful contribution for figuring out effective Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for coronavirus, including ingredients from single monomeric compounds, Chinese herbs, Chinese herb extracts and Chinese herb formulas, or potential targets for medicine. We would like to see these relevant studies, ranging from basic researches to clinical application, could provide some idea on effects of CHM to combat COVID-19 or other coronaviruses, and also offer new thinking for the exploration of therapeutic strategies under the guidance of TCM."}, {"pmid": 32427357, "title": "Encephalopathy in patients with COVID-19: 'Causality or coincidence?'", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zayet, Souheil", "Ben Abdallah, Yousri", "Royer, Pierre-Yves", "Toko-Tchiundzie, Lynda", "Gendrin, Vincent", "Klopfenstein, Timothee"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427357", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The main tropism of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is respiratory. Increasing evidences show that SARS-CoV-2 is not always confined to the respiratory tract but can also invade the central nervous system (CNS) and induce neurological diseases. We report two cases illustrating this phenomenon. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32241928, "title": "Vaccine designers take first shots at COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241928", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243612, "title": "WhatsApp messenger as a teledermatology tool during coronavirus disease (COVID-19): from bedside to phone-side.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Jakhar, D", "Kaul, S", "Kaur, I"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250281, "pmcid": "PMC7141248", "title": "Conducting Clinical Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Investigator and Participant Perspectives.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Padala, Prasad R", "Jendro, Ashlyn M", "Padala, Kalpana P"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250281", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the medical landscape changes daily with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, clinical researchers are caught off-guard and are forced to make decisions on research visits in their ongoing clinical trials. Although there is some guidance from local and national organizations, the principal investigator (PI) is ultimately responsible for determining the risk-benefit ratio of conducting, rescheduling, or cancelling each research visit. The PI should take into consideration the ethical principles of research, local/national guidance, the community risk of the pandemic in their locale, staffing strain, and the risk involved to each participant, to ultimately decide on the course of action. While balancing the rights and protection of the human subject, we seldom examine patients' views and opinions about their scheduled research visit(s). This article discusses the ethical principles of beneficence and autonomy in helping the decision-making process. We discuss ways to weigh-in local and national guidance, staffing strain, and institutional support into the decision-making process and outline potential changes needed for regulatory bodies depending on the decision. Further, we discuss the need to weigh-in the individual risk-benefit ratio for each participant and present a decision tree to navigate this complex process. Finally, we examine participant and caregiver perspectives on their fears, sense of preparedness, and factors that they consider before deciding whether to keep or postpone the research appointments. This entry also provides PIs ways to support their research participants in both scenarios, including provision of psychological support."}, {"pmid": 32378345, "pmcid": "PMC7203569", "title": "The time is now: expedited HIV differentiated service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Int AIDS Soc", "authors": ["Wilkinson, Lynne", "Grimsrud, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378345", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423323, "title": "Telehealth Opportunities for the Otolaryngologist: A Silver Lining During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Shipchandler, Taha Z", "Nesemeier, B Ryan", "Parker, Noah P", "Vernon, Dominic", "Campiti, Vincent J", "Anthony, Benjamin P", "Alwani, Mohamedkazim M", "Illing, Elisa A", "Ting, Jonathan Y"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423323", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The utilization of telemedicine has seen a relatively slow progression over the past 50 years in the US health care system. Technological challenges limiting the ease of use of robust video platforms have been a major factor. Additionally, the perception by many health care providers that telehealth is reserved for only the rural population or that it provides limited value due to the inability to perform in-depth physical examinations contributes to the slow adoption. The COVID-19 pandemic, with its massive disruption in social interaction by way of \"stay at home\" orders, is serving as a catalyst for improving telehealth. Large health systems are investing millions of dollars and increasing telehealth visit numbers 100-fold to access patients. The \"telehealth movement\" is here to stay and will undoubtedly be incorporated into providers' daily lives years after the COVID-19 pandemic. By embracing virtual access to health care, otolaryngologists will be able to influence improvements to these systems and broaden access options for patient care well into the future."}, {"pmid": 32222433, "pmcid": "PMC7103920", "title": "[Guidelines for surgical management of gynaecological cancer during pandemic COVID-19 period - FRANCOGYN group for the CNGOF].", "journal": "Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol", "authors": ["Akladios, C", "Azais, H", "Ballester, M", "Bendifallah, S", "Bolze, P-A", "Bourdel, N", "Bricou, A", "Canlorbe, G", "Carcopino, X", "Chauvet, P", "Collinet, P", "Coutant, C", "Dabi, Y", "Dion, L", "Gauthier, T", "Graesslin, O", "Huchon, C", "Koskas, M", "Kridelka, F", "Lavoue, V", "Lecointre, L", "Mezzadri, M", "Mimoun, C", "Ouldamer, L", "Raimond, E", "Touboul, C"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222433", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recommendations for the management of patients with gynecological cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Recommendations based on the consensus conference model. In the case of a COVID-19 positive patient, surgical management should be postponed for at least 15 days. For cervical cancer, the place of surgery must be re-evaluated in relation to radiotherapy and Radio-Chemotherapy-Concomitant and the value of lymph node staging surgeries must be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. For advanced ovarian cancers, neo-adjuvant chemotherapy should be favored even if primary cytoreduction surgery could be envisaged. It is lawful not to offer hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy during a COVID-19 pandemic. In the case of patients who must undergo interval surgery, it is possible to continue the chemotherapy and to offer surgery after 6 cycles of chemotherapy. For early stage endometrial cancer, in case of low and intermediate preoperative ESMO risk, hysterectomy with bilateral annexectomy associated with a sentinel lymph node procedure should be favored. It is possible to consider postponing surgery for 1 to 2 months in low-risk endometrial cancers (FIGO Ia stage on MRI and grade 1-2 endometrioid cancer on endometrial biopsy). For high ESMO risk, it ispossible to favor the MSKCC algorithm (combining PET-CT and sentinel lymph node biopsy) in order to omit pelvic and lumbar-aortic lymphadenectomies. During COVID-19 pandemic, patients suffering from cancer should not lose life chance, while limiting the risks associated with the virus."}, {"pmid": 32522820, "title": "Transcatheter management of severe aortic stenosis during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Khialani, Bharat", "MacCarthy, Philip"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522820", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526282, "title": "Computational modelling of flavivirus dynamics: the ins and outs.", "journal": "Methods", "authors": ["Huber, Roland G", "Marzinek, Jan K", "Ls Boon, Priscilla", "Yue, Wan", "Bond, Peter J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526282", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Enveloped viruses such as the flaviviruses represent a significant burden to human health around the world, with hundreds of millions of people each year affected by dengue alone. In an effort to improve our understanding of the molecular basis for the infective mechanisms of these viruses, extensive computational modelling approaches have been applied to elucidate their conformational dynamics. Multiscale protocols have been developed to simulate flavivirus envelopes in close accordance with biophysical data, in particular derived from cryo-electron microscopy, enabling high-resolution refinement of their structures and elucidation of the conformational changes associated with adaptation both to host environments and to immunological factors such as antibodies. Likewise, integrative modelling efforts combining data from biophysical experiments and from genome sequencing with chemical modification are providing unparalleled insights into the architecture of the previously unresolved nucleocapsid complex. Collectively, this work provides the basis for the future rational design of new antiviral therapeutics and vaccine development strategies targeting enveloped viruses."}, {"pmid": 32493447, "pmcid": "PMC7267750", "title": "Effect of hydroxychloroquine on prevention of COVID-19 virus infection among healthcare professionals: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Pirjani, Reihaneh", "Soori, Tahereh", "Dehpour, Ahmad Reza", "Sepidarkish, Mahdi", "Moini, Ashraf", "Shizarpour, Arshia", "Jafari, Razieh Mohammad"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493447", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Comparison of the effect of hydroxychloroquine with placebo to prevent infection from the COVID -19 virus among healthcare professionals TRIAL DESIGN: Single centre, 2-arm, double-blind randomised (ratio 1:1) placebo-controlled trial PARTICIPANTS: Treatment staff who are in contact with patients and have at least 3 shifts a week in Arash hospital affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences, in Iran and who consent to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria include: History of COVID -19 virus infection, clinical symptoms such as fever, nausea, dyspnea and myalgia in the past two months, history of underlying diseases hypersensitivity to hydroxychloroquine and G6PD enzyme deficiency. Intervention group: Hydroxychloroquine 200 mg tablet of Amin Pharmaceutical. placebo which is completely similar in form and taste to 200 mg hydroxychloroquine tablet and is manufactured by the same factory (Amin Pharmacy). The dosage is two tablets daily, once a week for one to three months (based on the duration of the Coronavirus epidemic in Tehran). Confirmed COVID-19 virus infection using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is the primary outcome. The time period for measuring the primary outcome is any infection within the trial period up to one month after taking the last dose. The randomized block allocation method was developed using Stata version 15 software by an independent researcher, using a block size of six. Allocation to the two treatment groups will be conducted by this researcher using paper labels (random 10-digit codes) in a 1:1 ratio t The labels will be attached to the drug packages in order of randomization. Drug packages will be arranged in a box according to the randomization list. Participants and caregivers are blinded to group assignment and the data will be analyzed by an independent statistical expert who is unaware of the treatment allocation. A total of 282 participants will be randomised with 141 participants the Hydroxychloroquineeach intervention group and 141 participants to the placebo control group TRIAL STATUS: The protocol version number is 99-1-101-47091 and the approval ID is IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1399.001 and recruitment began April 7, 2020, and is anticipated to be complete by August 7, 2020. The name of the trial register is Iranian registry of clinical trial (IRCT), registration number is IRCT20120826010664N6, date of trial registration is April 7, 2020, FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32418757, "pmcid": "PMC7217079", "title": "Pancreatic cancer: Does a short course of carbon ion radiotherapy worth during COVID-19 outbreak?", "journal": "Pancreatology", "authors": ["Barcellini, Amelia", "Vitolo, Viviana", "Cobianchi, Lorenzo", "Valvo, Francesca", "Vischioni, Barbara", "Bonora, Maria", "Fiore, Maria Rosaria", "Iannalfi, Alberto", "Riva, Giulia", "Ronchi, Sara", "Tornari, Elena", "Orlandi, Ester"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418757", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348457, "pmcid": "PMC7197594", "title": "Where have the STEMIs gone during COVID-19 lockdown?", "journal": "Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes", "authors": ["Range, Gregoire", "Hakim, Radwan", "Motreff, Pascal"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348457", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315725, "pmcid": "PMC7166040", "title": "Suppressed T cell-mediated immunity in patients with COVID-19: A clinical retrospective study in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Xu, Bo", "Fan, Cun-Yu", "Wang, An-Lu", "Zou, Yi-Long", "Yu, Yi-Han", "He, Cong", "Xia, Wen-Guang", "Zhang, Ji-Xian", "Miao, Qing"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315725", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 has exhibited significant threats around the world. We found a significant decrease of T lymphocyte subsets and an increase of inflammatory cytokines of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in clinical practice. We conducted a retrospective, single-center observational study of in-hospital adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Hubei Provincial Hospital of traditional Chinese and Western medicine (Wuhan, China) by Mar 1, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory information, especially T lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory cytokines were reported. For patients who died or discharge from hospital, the associations of T lymphocyte subsets on admission were evaluated by univariate logistic regression with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), warning values to predict in-hospital death were assessed by Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves. A total of 187 patients were enrolled in our study from Dec 26, 2019 to Mar 1, 2020, of whom 145 were survivors (discharge = 117) or non-survivors (in-hospital death ==28). All patients exhibited a significant drop of T lymphocyte subsets counts with remarkably increasing concentrations of SAA, CRP, IL-6, and IL-10 compared to normal values. The median concentrations of SAA and CRP in critically-ill patients were nearly 4- and 10-fold than those of mild-ill patients, respectively. As the severity of COVID-19 getting worse, the counts of T lymphocyte drop lower.28 patients died in hospital, the median lymphocyte, CD3+ T-cell, CD4+ T-cell, CD8+ T-cell and B-cell were significantly lower than other patients. Lower counts (/uL) of T lymphocyte subsets lymphocyte (<500), CD3+T-cell (<200), CD4+ T-cell (<100), CD8+ T-cell (<100) and B-cell (<50) were associated with higher risks of in-hospital death of CIVID-19. The warning values to predict in-hospital death of lymphocyte, CD3+ T-cell, CD4+ T-cell, CD8+ T-cell, and B-cell were 559, 235, 104, 85 and 82, respectively. We find a significant decrease of T lymphocyte subset is positively correlated with in-hospital death and severity of illness. The decreased levels of T lymphocyte subsets reported in our study were similar with SARS but not common among other virus infection, which may be possible biomarkers for early diagnosis of COVID-19. Our findings may shed light on early warning of high risks of mortality and help early intervention and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32239972, "title": "Differential Diagnosis for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Beyond Radiologic Features.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Lei, Pinggui", "Fan, Bing", "Wang, Pingxian"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239972", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32100876, "pmcid": "PMC7228294", "title": "Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Xia, Jianhua", "Tong, Jianping", "Liu, Mengyun", "Shen, Ye", "Guo, Dongyu"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100876", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to assess the presence of novel coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. A prospective interventional case series study was performed, and 30 confirmed novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) patients were selected at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University from 26 January 2020 to 9 February 2020. At an interval of 2 to 3 days, tear and conjunctival secretions were collected twice with disposable sampling swabs for reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Twenty-one common-type and nine severe-type NCP patients were enrolled. Two samples of tear and conjunctival secretions were obtained from the only one patient with conjunctivitis yielded positive RT-PCR results. Fifty-eight samples from other patents were all negative. We speculate that SARS-CoV-2 may be detected in the tears and conjunctival secretions in NCP patients with conjunctivitis."}, {"pmid": 32476258, "title": "Clinical Outcomes and Serologic Response in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with COVID-19: A Case Series from the United States.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Fung, Monica", "Chiu, Charles Y", "DeVoe, Catherine", "Doernberg, Sarah B", "Schwartz, Brian S", "Langelier, Charles", "Henrich, Timothy J", "Yokoe, Deborah", "Davis, John", "Hays, Steven R", "Chandran, Sindhu", "Kukreja, Jasleen", "Ng, Dianna", "Prostko, John", "Taylor, Russell", "Reyes, Kevin", "Bainbridge, Emma", "Bond, Allison", "Chin-Hong, Peter", "Babik, Jennifer M"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476258", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused significant morbidity and mortality for patients and stressed healthcare systems worldwide. The clinical features, disease course, and serologic response of COVID-19 among immunosuppressed patients such as solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, who are at presumed risk for more severe disease, are not well characterized. We describe our institutional experience with COVID-19 among ten SOT patients, including the clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and outcomes of seven renal transplant recipients, one liver transplant recipient, one heart transplant recipient, and one lung transplant recipient. In addition, we report the serologic response in SOT recipients, documenting a positive IgG response in all seven hospitalized patients. We also review the existing literature on COVID-19 in SOT recipients to consolidate the current knowledge on COVID-19 in the SOT population for the transplant community."}, {"pmid": 32275971, "pmcid": "PMC7138381", "title": "Letter to the Editor: COVID-19 in patients with diabetes: Risk factors that increase morbidity.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Klonoff, David C", "Umpierrez, Guillermo E"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275971", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219846, "title": "COVID-19 and the Otolaryngologist: Preliminary Evidence-Based Review.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["Vukkadala, Neelaysh", "Qian, Z Jason", "Holsinger, F Christopher", "Patel, Zara M", "Rosenthal, Eben"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219846", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has rapidly swept across the world since its identification in December 2019. Otolaryngologists are at unique risk due to the close contact with mucus membranes of the upper respiratory tract and have been among the most affected healthcare workers in Wuhan, China. We present information on COVID-19 management relevant to otolaryngologists on the frontlines of this pandemic and provide preliminary guidance based on practices implemented in China and other countries and practical strategies deployed at Stanford University. Laryngoscope, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32298480, "pmcid": "PMC7262142", "title": "Management of infantile hemangiomas during the COVID pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Frieden, Ilona J", "Puttgen, Katherine B", "Drolet, Beth A", "Garzon, Maria C", "Chamlin, Sarah L", "Pope, Elena", "Mancini, Anthony J", "Lauren, Christine T", "Mathes, Erin F", "Siegel, Dawn H", "Gupta, Deepti", "Haggstrom, Anita N", "Tollefson, Megha M", "Baselga, Eulalia", "Morel, Kimberly D", "Shah, Sonal D", "Holland, Kristen E", "Adams, Denise M", "Horii, Kimberly A", "Newell, Brandon D", "Powell, Julie", "McCuaig, Catherine C", "Nopper, Amy J", "Metry, Denise W", "Maguiness, Sheilagh"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298480", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant shifts in patient care including a steep decline in ambulatory visits and a marked increase in the use of telemedicine. Infantile hemangiomas (IH) can require urgent evaluation and risk stratification to determine which infants need treatment and which can be managed with continued observation. For those requiring treatment, prompt initiation decreases morbidity and improves long-term outcomes. The Hemangioma Investigator Group has created consensus recommendations for management of IH via telemedicine. FDA/EMA-approved monitoring guidelines, clinical practice guidelines, and relevant, up-to-date publications regarding initiation and monitoring of beta-blocker therapy were used to inform the recommendations. Clinical decision-making guidelines about when telehealth is an appropriate alternative to in-office visits, including medication initiation, dosage changes, and ongoing evaluation, are included. The importance of communication with caregivers in the context of telemedicine is discussed, and online resources for both hemangioma education and propranolol therapy are provided."}, {"pmid": 32508024, "title": "Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality among inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Chen, Fuyang", "Sun, Wenwu", "Sun, Shengrong", "Li, Zhiyu", "Wang, Zhong", "Yu, Li"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508024", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227200, "title": "Older Clinicians and the Surge in Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Buerhaus, Peter I", "Auerbach, David I", "Staiger, Douglas O"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227200", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475881, "title": "A Case of COVID-19 Patient with False-negative for SARS-CoV-2 of Pharyngeal Swab, from a Chinese traveller Returning from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, January 2020.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ishikane, Masahiro", "Miyazato, Yusuke", "Kustuna, Satoshi", "Suzuki, Tetsuya", "Ide, Satoshi", "Nakamura, Keiji", "Morioka, Shinichiro", "Katano, Harutaka", "Suzuki, Tadaki", "Ohmagari, Norio"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475881", "countries": ["Japan", "China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of patient in Japan with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with false-negative of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 of pharyngeal swab, from a Chinese traveller returning from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. If a patient is clinically or epidemiologically suspected of COVID-19, appropriate infection and prevention control measures such as standard, contact, and droplet precaution are needed until the patient is proven to be true-negative."}, {"pmid": 32179122, "pmcid": "PMC7206223", "title": "Viral loads of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimens: What have we learned?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179122", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519993, "title": "Are errors in otorhinolaryngology always a sign of medical malpractice? Review of the literature and new perspectives in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) era.", "journal": "Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital", "authors": ["Voultsos, Polychronis", "Oliva, Antonio", "Grassi, Simone", "Palmiero, Debora", "Spagnolo, Antonio Gioacchino"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519993", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514077, "title": "COVID-19 and fat embolism: a hypothesis to explain the severe clinical outcome in people with obesity.", "journal": "Int J Obes (Lond)", "authors": ["Cinti, Saverio", "Graciotti, Laura", "Giordano, Antonio", "Valerio, Alessandra", "Nisoli, Enzo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514077", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374715, "title": "A Canadian framework for managing prostate cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations from the Canadian Urologic Oncology Group and the Canadian Urological Association.", "journal": "Can Urol Assoc J", "authors": ["Kokorovic, Andrea", "So, Alan I", "Hotte, Sebastien J", "Black, Peter C", "Danielson, Brita", "Emmenegger, Urban", "Finelli, Antonio", "Niazi, Tamim", "Pouliot, Frederic", "Shayegan, Bobby", "Sridhar, Srikala", "Vigneault, Eric", "Loblaw, Andrew", "Rendon, Ricardo A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374715", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298148, "title": "Follow-Up Information About the Four Pregnant Patients With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia Who Were Still in the Hospital at the End of Our Study.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Li, Lin", "Liu, Dehan", "Yang, Lian"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298148", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321562, "pmcid": "PMC7175451", "title": "Clinical ethics recommendations for the allocation of intensive care treatments in exceptional, resource-limited circumstances: the Italian perspective during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Vergano, Marco", "Bertolini, Guido", "Giannini, Alberto", "Gristina, Giuseppe R", "Livigni, Sergio", "Mistraletti, Giovanni", "Riccioni, Luigi", "Petrini, Flavia"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321562", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299973, "title": "Resources during covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299973", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499983, "pmcid": "PMC7266564", "title": "A Comprehensive Review of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Baek, Woong Kee", "Sohn, Soo-Yeon", "Mahgoub, Ahmed", "Hage, Robert"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499983", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the\u00a0virus strain\u00a0that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It spread to several countries across continents and infected more than one million people within three months. While there is no consensus on the treatment of the disease yet, understanding the virus and its transmission is a cardinal priority. SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through bodily fluid. Upon inoculation, the surface enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) acts as a receptor protein for viral entry. The mean incubation period is 5.1 days, and infected individuals can exhibit a variety of symptoms from fever, cough, dyspnea, and respiratory failure to even multiorgan failure. Given the current situation, it is of paramount importance\u00a0to understand the virus as thoroughly as possible. In this review, we discuss the background, epidemiology, possible pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic studies related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also elaborate on the current research and evidence on treatment options and vaccine development based on the literature."}, {"pmid": 32345390, "pmcid": "PMC7218190", "title": "What might the future bring? COVID-19 planning considerations for faculty and universities.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Majowicz, S E"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345390", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper applies a scenario planning approach, to outline some current uncertainties related to COVID-19 and what they might mean for plausible futures for which we should prepare, and to identify factors that we as individual faculty members and university institutions should be considering now, when planning for the future under COVID-19. Although the contextual focus of this paper is Canada, the content is likely applicable to other places where the COVID-19 epidemic curve is in its initial rising stage, and where universities are predominantly publicly funded institutions."}, {"pmid": 32336801, "pmcid": "PMC7177746", "title": "[Economic Implications of the Corona Crisis and Economic Policy Measures].", "journal": "Wirtschaftsdienst", "authors": ["Bofinger, Peter", "Dullien, Sebastian", "Felbermayr, Gabriel", "Fuest, Clemens", "Huther, Michael", "Sudekum, Jens", "Weder di Mauro, Beatrice"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336801", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Germany", "Korea, Republic of", "Spain", "China", "Japan", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The corona crisis started in China and had great consequences for public health and the economy. In the meantime, high and rapidly growing numbers of cases of infections with SARS-CoV-2 have also been recorded in Japan, Korea, Italy, Germany, Great Britain, France, Spain and above all in the USA. Forecasts of economic growth have been massively revised downwards and governments around the world are struggling to find the right economic policy response. This article describes basic short-term options for the German government to react to the corona shock and briefl y assesses the package of measures \"Schutzschirm f\u00fcr Besch\u00e4ftigte und Unternehmen\" presented on 13 March 2020 by the German Finance Minister Olaf Scholz and the German Economics Minister Peter Altmaier."}, {"pmid": 32394993, "pmcid": "PMC7211675", "title": "The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S).", "journal": "Pers Individ Dif", "authors": ["Arpaci, Ibrahim", "Karatas, Kasim", "Baloglu, Mustafa"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394993", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Researchers predict that the negative effects of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic will continue to increase. These negative effects are not solely limited to psycho-pathological problems. Serious physiological, social, and economical difficulties due to COVID-19 have already been observed in various nations. In this study, we suggest a new type of specific phobia, which may be categorized under DSM-V 300.29. The current study developed a self-report instrument whose items address the specific phobia diagnosis criteria of the DSM-V and tested its initial psychometric properties. Results show that the scale has initial evidence of construct, convergent, and discriminant validity, and internal consistency reliability. It should be further tested; however, the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S) items provide support for assessing the levels of phobia reactions among a wide range of age groups."}, {"pmid": 32344439, "title": "[COVID-19-Response - Strategies of the Task-Force Coronavirus and experiences upon implementation in the management of 115 cases at the University Medical Center Freiburg].", "journal": "Dtsch Med Wochenschr", "authors": ["Rieg, Siegbert", "Busch, Hans-Jorg", "Hans, Felix", "Grundmann, Hajo", "Biever, Paul", "Burkle, Hartmut", "Hammer, Thorsten", "Thimme, Robert", "Kern, Winfried"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344439", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) poses immense challenges to health care systems worldwide. In the current manuscript we summarize the strategies, organisational approaches and actions of the Task-force Coronavirus at the University Medical Center Freiburg. We also report on experiences with implementation of these approaches and treatment outcomes in the first 115 COVID patients. Retrospective, narrative process description and analysis of the time period between end of January and beginning of April 2020, performed by representatives of the involved departments and institutes. Additionally a retrospective observational cohort study with descriptive analysis of epidemiological and clinical data of COVID patients admitted until March 31st was performed. A multidisciplinary Task-force Coronavirus initiated measures concerning outpatient testing and counseling, reorganisation and separation of patient flow processes alongside with substantial escalation of inpatient capacities on regular wards and intensive care units. Within the framework of the resulting dynamic care model, 115 patients suffering from COVID could be treated without shortages in staff or bed capacities. In the upcoming pandemic, adequate COVID management and care could be secured by a collaborative approach with inclusion of administrative departments, clinical disciplines and theoretical institutes of the University Medical Center Freiburg."}, {"pmid": 32478567, "title": "Can an Old Ally Defeat a New Enemy?", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Gurbel, Paul A", "Bliden, Kevin P", "Schror, Karsten"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478567", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32256706, "pmcid": "PMC7105332", "title": "COVID-19 and treatment with NSAIDs and corticosteroids: should we be limiting their use in the clinical setting?", "journal": "Ecancermedicalscience", "authors": ["Russell, Beth", "Moss, Charlotte", "Rigg, Anne", "Van Hemelrijck, Mieke"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32256706", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the current SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, the availability of reliable information for clinicians and patients is paramount. There have been a number of reports stating that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids may exacerbate symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, this review aimed to collate information available in published articles to identify any evidence behind these claims with the aim of advising clinicians on how best to treat patients. This review found no published evidence for or against the use of NSAIDs in COVID-19 patients. Meanwhile, there appeared to be some evidence that corticosteroids may be beneficial if utilised in the early acute phase of infection, however, conflicting evidence from the World Health Organisation surrounding corticosteroid use in certain viral infections means this evidence is not conclusive. Given the current availability of literature, caution should be exercised until further evidence emerges surrounding the use of NSAIDs and corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32395017, "pmcid": "PMC7210464", "title": "Impacts of social and economic factors on the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China.", "journal": "J Popul Econ", "authors": ["Qiu, Yun", "Chen, Xi", "Shi, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395017", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study models local and cross-city transmissions of the novel coronavirus in China between January 19 and February 29, 2020. We examine the role of various socioeconomic mediating factors, including public health measures that encourage social distancing in local communities. Weather characteristics 2 weeks prior are used as instrumental variables for causal inference. Stringent quarantines, city lockdowns, and local public health measures imposed in late January significantly decreased the virus transmission rate. The virus spread was contained by the middle of February. Population outflow from the outbreak source region posed a higher risk to the destination regions than other factors, including geographic proximity and similarity in economic conditions. We quantify the effects of different public health measures in reducing the number of infections through counterfactual analyses. Over 1.4 million infections and 56,000 deaths may have been avoided as a result of the national and provincial public health measures imposed in late January in China."}, {"pmid": 32234130, "title": "[Progress and challenge of vaccine development against 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Shi, Y", "Wang, N", "Zou, Q M"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234130", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection poses a serious threat to global public health. Vaccination is an effective way to prevent the epidemic of the virus. 2019-nCoV along with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) belong to the same \u03b2-genus of coronavirus family. Base on the previous experience and the technical platform of developing SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV vaccines, scientists from all over the world are working hard and quickly on the related fields. There are substantial progress in these fields including the characterizing the 2019-nCoV virus, identification of candidate antigens and epitopes, establishment of animal models, characterizing the immune responses, and the design of vaccines. The development of 2019-nCoV vaccines cover all types: inactivated virus vaccine, recombinant protein vaccine, viral vector-based vaccine, mRNA vaccine, and DNA vaccine, et al. As of March 2020, two 2019-nCoV vaccines have entered phase I clinical trials. One is named as Ad5-nCoV developed by the Chinese Institute of Biotechnology of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences and Tianjin Cansino Biotechnology Inc. Ad5-nCoV is based on the replication-defective adenovirus type 5 as the vector to express 2019-nCoV spike protein.\u00a0The another vaccine is mRNA-1273 developed by the\u00a0National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and Moderna, Inc.. RNA-1273 is an mRNA vaccine expressing 2019-nCoV spike protein. Although the rapid development of 2019-nCoV vaccine, it still faces many challenges with unknown knowledge, including the antigenic characteristics of the 2019-nCoV, the influence of antigenic variation, the protective immune response of host, the protection of the elderly population, and the downstream manufacturing process of the new vaccine. The safety and efficacy of vaccines are the first priority for vaccine development and should be carefully evaluated."}, {"pmid": 32365259, "pmcid": "PMC7267164", "title": "COVID-19 and Older People in Asia: AWGS Calls to Actions.", "journal": "Geriatr Gerontol Int", "authors": ["Lim, Wee-Shiong", "Liang, Chih-Kuang", "Assantachai, Prasert", "Auyeung, Tung Wai", "Kang, Lin", "Lee, Wei-Ju", "Lim, Jae-Young", "Sugimoto, Ken", "Akishita, Masahiro", "Chia, Shu-Lih", "Chou, Ming-Yueh", "Ding, Yew-Yoong", "Iijima, Katsuya", "Jang, Hak Chul", "Kawashima, Shuji", "Kim, Miji", "Kojima, Taro", "Kuzuya, Masafumi", "Lee, Jenny", "Lee, Sang Yoon", "Lee, Yunhwan", "Peng, Li-Ning", "Wang, Ninie Y", "Wang, Yin-Wei", "Won, Chang Won", "Woo, Jean", "Chen, Liang-Kung", "Arai, Hidenori"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365259", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has casted a huge impact on global public health and economy. In this challenging situation, older people are vulnerable to the infection and the secondary effects of the pandemic and need special attentions. To evaluate the impacts of COVID-19 on older people, it is important to balance the successful pandemic control and active management of secondary consequences. These considerations are especially salient in the Asian context, with its diversity among countries in terms of sociocultural heritage, healthcare setup and availability of resources. Thus, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia summarized the considerations of Asian countries focusing on responses and difficulties in each country, impacts of health inequity related to COVID-19 pandemic and proposed recommendations for older people which are germane to the Asian context. More innovative services should be developed to address the increasing demands for new approaches to deliver health care in the difficult times and to establish resilient health care systems for older people. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32527850, "title": "Bridging a false dichotomy in the COVID-19 response: a public health approach to the 'lockdown' debate.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Prasad, Vandana", "Sri, B Subha", "Gaitonde, Rakhal"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491981, "title": "Nonpharmaceutical Measures for Pandemic Influenza in Nonhealthcare Settings-International Travel-Related Measures.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pannu, Jaspreet"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491981", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451645, "pmcid": "PMC7247745", "title": "Stay safe stay connected: surgical mobile app at the time of Covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Barugola, Giuliano", "Bertocchi, Elisa", "Ruffo, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451645", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355222, "pmcid": "PMC7191131", "title": "A novel COVID-19 and its effects on cardiovascular disease.", "journal": "Hypertens Res", "authors": ["Paramasivam, Arumugam", "Priyadharsini, Jayaseelan Vijayashree", "Raghunandhakumar, Subramanian", "Elumalai, Perumal"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355222", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500326, "pmcid": "PMC7271634", "title": "Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in 100 patients hospitalized for COVID-19: sex differences and recovery time in real-life.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Meini, Simone", "Suardi, Lorenzo Roberto", "Busoni, Michele", "Roberts, Anna Teresa", "Fortini, Alberto"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500326", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 displays a variety of clinical manifestations; in pauci-symptomatic patients olfactory (OD) and gustatory dysfunctions (GD) may represent the first or only symptom. This topic is currently arousing great interest, and a growing number of papers are being published. Aim of this study is to investigate the timing of recovery from OD and GD in a real-life population hospitalized for COVID-19. We followed up by a phone interview the first 100 patients discharged a month earlier from three Italian non-intensive care wards. All 100 patients were Caucasian, mean age was 65\u00a0years, 60% were males. Forty-two patients (mean age 63\u00a0years) experienced subjective chemosensory dysfunctions (29 OD and 41 GD): the male/female ratio was 2:1; 83% reported a complete or near complete recovery at follow-up. The recovery rate was not significantly different between males and females. The mean duration of OD and GD was 18 and 16\u00a0days, respectively. The mean recovery time from OD or GD resulted significantly longer for females than for males (26 vs 14\u00a0days, P\u2009=\u20090.009). Among the 42 symptomatic, the mean age of males was significantly higher than that of females (66 vs 57\u00a0years, P\u2009=\u20090.04), while the opposite was observed in the 58 asymptomatic patients (60 vs 73\u00a0years, P\u2009=\u20090.0018). Recovery from OD or GD was rapid, occurring within 4\u00a0weeks in most patients. Chemosensory dysfunctions in women was less frequent, but longer lasting. The value of our study is its focus on a population of hospitalized patients significantly older than those previously described, and the additional data on gender differences."}, {"pmid": 32387793, "pmcid": "PMC7194720", "title": "Psychological crisis intervention for college students during novel coronavirus infection epidemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Sun, Qian-Hui", "Su, Ying"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387793", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the beginning of the 2020 New year, novel coronavirus infection continues to affect our lives. The anxiety and stress caused by rising epidemic data, the helplessness and fear caused by city closure and isolation, and the boredom and irritability caused by extended holiday grounding all have a great impact on the psychology of students. In this special stress period of \"suspension of classes and non-stop learning\", teachers actively help and guide students, do a good job of students' psychological support, perform the duties of spiritual mentors, and do a good job of students' psychological care."}, {"pmid": 32266754, "pmcid": "PMC7235495", "title": "COVID-19: Risk groups, mechanistic insights and challenges.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Stein, Richard Albert"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266754", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434769, "title": "Viropathic multinuclear syncytial giant cells in bronchial fluid from a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Stadlmann, Sylvia", "Hein-Kuhnt, Robert", "Singer, Gad"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434769", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518817, "pmcid": "PMC7272884", "title": "Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterizations of Novel Norcantharimides, Their ADME Properties and Docking Studies Against COVID-19 M(pr) degrees .", "journal": "ChemistrySelect", "authors": ["Ozkan, Hamdi", "Adem, Sevki"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518817", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A series of novel Norcantharimide derivatives were synthesized and their structures were characterized by FTIR, 1H and 13C\u2009NMR spectroscopy as well as elemental analyses. The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties of the synthesized molecules were investigated. The results obtained in silico demonstrated that these molecules can be considered as orally active drug candidates due to their physicochemical properties. Also, docking studies demonstrated that all derivatives exhibit a good theoretical affinity with MolDock Score in between 124-138 against the main protease of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19 Mpr\u00b0) that caused worldwide epidemics. We believe that newly synthesized norcantharimide derivatives can guide many future studies in organic synthesis, medicine and pharmaceutical applications."}, {"pmid": 32522191, "title": "Coronavirus disease 19 in minority populations of Newark, New Jersey.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Okoh, Alexis K", "Sossou, Christoph", "Dangayach, Neha S", "Meledathu, Sherin", "Phillips, Oluwakemi", "Raczek, Corinne", "Patti, Michael", "Kang, Nathan", "Hirji, Sameer A", "Cathcart, Charles", "Engell, Christian", "Cohen, Marc", "Nagarakanti, Sandhya", "Bishburg, Eliahu", "Grewal, Harpreet S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522191", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study is to report the clinical features and outcomes of Black/African American (AA) and Latino Hispanic patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalized in an inter-city hospital in the state of New Jersey. This is a retrospective cohort study of AA and Latino Hispanic patients with COVID-19 admitted to a 665-bed quaternary care, teaching hospital located in Newark, New Jersey. The study included patients who had completed hospitalization between March 10, 2020, and April 10, 2020. We reviewed demographics, socioeconomic variables and incidence of in-hospital mortality and morbidity. Logistic regression was used to identify predictor of in-hospital death. Out of 416 patients, 251 (60%) had completed hospitalization as of April 10, 2020. The incidence of In-hospital mortality was 38.6% (n\u2009=\u200997). Most common symptoms at initial presentation were dyspnea 39% (n\u2009=\u2009162) followed by cough 38%(n\u2009=\u2009156) and fever 34% (n\u2009=\u2009143). Patients were in the highest quartile for population's density, number of housing units and disproportionately fell into the lowest median income quartile for the state of New Jersey. The incidence of septic shock, acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring hemodialysis and admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) was 24% (n\u2009=\u200959), 21% (n\u2009=\u200952), 33% (n\u2009=\u200982) respectively. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were older age, lower serum Hemoglobin <\u200910\u2009mg/dl, elevated serum Ferritin and Creatinine phosphokinase levels >\u20091200\u2009U/L and\u2009>\u20091000\u2009U/L. Findings from an inter-city hospital's experience with COVID-19 among underserved minority populations showed that, more than one of every three patients were at risk for in-hospital death or morbidity. Older age and elevated inflammatory markers at presentation were associated with in-hospital death."}, {"pmid": 32460302, "title": "Need for Objective Assessment of Volume Status in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: The Tri-POCUS Approach.", "journal": "Cardiorenal Med", "authors": ["Koratala, Abhilash", "Ronco, Claudio", "Kazory, Amir"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460302", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread across the globe, the knowledge of its epidemiology, clinical features, and management is rapidly evolving. Nevertheless, the data on optimal fluid management strategies for those who develop critical illness remain sparse. Adding to the challenge, the fluid volume status of these patients has been found to be dynamic. Some present with several days of malaise, gastrointestinal symptoms, and consequent hypovolemia requiring aggressive fluid resuscitation, while a subset develop acute respiratory distress syndrome with renal dysfunction and lingering congestion necessitating restrictive fluid management. Accurate objective assessment of volume status allows physicians to tailor the fluid management goals throughout this wide spectrum of critical illness. Conventional point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) enables the reliable assessment of fluid status and reducing the staff exposure. However, due to specific characteristics of COVID-19 (e.g., rapidly expanding lung lesions), a single imaging method such as lung POCUS will have significant limitations. Herein, we suggest a Tri-POCUS approach that represents concurrent bedside assessment of the lungs, heart, and the venous system. This combinational approach is likely to overcome the limitations of the individual methods and provide a more precise evaluation of the volume status in critically ill patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32283006, "pmcid": "PMC7160911", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: Olfaction, Brain Infection, and the Urgent Need for Clinical Samples Allowing Earlier Virus Detection.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Butowt, Rafal", "Bilinska, Katarzyna"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283006", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has very high infectivity, which allows it to spread rapidly around the world. Attempts at slowing the pandemic at this stage depend on the number and quality of diagnostic tests performed. We propose that the olfactory epithelium from the nasal cavity may be a more appropriate tissue for detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus at the earliest stages, prior to onset of symptoms or even in asymptomatic people, as compared to commonly used sputum or nasopharyngeal swabs. Here we emphasize that the nasal cavity olfactory epithelium is the likely site of enhanced binding of SARS-CoV-2. Multiple non-neuronal cell types present in the olfactory epithelium express two host receptors, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 proteases, that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 binding, replication, and accumulation. This may be the underlying mechanism for the recently reported cases of smell dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, the possibility of subsequent brain infection should be considered which begins in olfactory neurons. In addition, we discuss the possibility that olfactory receptor neurons may initiate rapid immune responses at early stages of the disease. We emphasize the need to undertake research focused on additional aspects of SARS-CoV-2 actions in the nervous system, especially in the olfactory pathway."}, {"pmid": 32157233, "title": "Keep up with the latest coronavirus research.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Chen, Qingyu", "Allot, Alexis", "Lu, Zhiyong"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157233", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222804, "pmcid": "PMC7103099", "title": "Arthralgia as an initial presentation of COVID-19: observation.", "journal": "Rheumatol Int", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222804", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385648, "pmcid": "PMC7205907", "title": "Clinical and radiological changes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia from disease onset to acute exacerbation: a multicentre paired cohort study.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Liu, Jiayi", "Chen, Taili", "Yang, Haitao", "Cai, Yeyu", "Yu, Qizhi", "Chen, Juan", "Chen, Zhu", "Shang, Quan-Liang", "Ma, Cong", "Chen, Xiangyu", "Xiao, Enhua"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385648", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyse clinical and radiological changes from disease onset to exacerbation in coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19) patients. We reviewed clinical histories of 276 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and extracted data on patients who met the diagnostic criteria for COVID-19 severe/fatal pneumonia and had an acute exacerbation starting with mild or common pneumonia. Twenty-four patients were included. Of these, 8% were smokers, 54% had been to Wuhan, and 46% had comorbidities. Before acute exacerbation, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (232.9\u2009\u00b1\u200988.7) was present, and chest CT scans showed the number of involved lobes was 4 (2-5) and total CT score was 6 (2-8). Following acute exacerbation, patients were likely to have more clinical symptoms (p\u2009<\u20090.01) and abnormal laboratory changes (p\u2009<\u20090.01). The number of involved lobes and CT score after an exacerbation significantly increased to 5 (5-5) and 12 (9-14), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that, when the cutoff value of CT score was 5, the sensitivity and specificity for severe pneumonia were 90% and 70%, respectively. CT findings of ground glass opacity with consolidations (91.7%), bilateral distribution (100.0%), and multifocal lesion (100.0%) were features in found in patients after exacerbation. There are significant changes in clinical, laboratory, and CT findings in patients from disease onset to exacerbation. An increase in the number of involved lobes or an increased CT score from the baseline may predict poor clinical outcomes. Combining an assessment of CT changes with clinical and laboratory changes could help clinical teams evaluate the prognosis. \u2022 The common chest CT signs of COVID-19 pneumonia after exacerbation were ground glass opacity (GGO) with consolidation, bilateral distribution, and multifocal lesions. \u2022 An increase in number of involved lobes or an increased CT score from the baseline may predict a poor clinical outcome. \u2022 Worsened symptoms and abnormal laboratory results are also associated with poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32198915, "title": "[When COVID-19 encounters interstitial lung disease: challenges and management].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ren, Y H", "Wang, S Y", "Liu, M", "Guo, Y M", "Dai, H P"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198915", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new type of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, and spread rapidly to China and over 100 countries around the world. The lung injury and repair caused by COVID-19 has many similarities with the onset and progression of interstitial lung disease (ILD) . Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish between COVID-19 and some types of new-onset ILD or other causes leading to acute exacerbation of ILD. Clinicians need to comprehensively analyze the epidemic history, disease onset characteristics, clinical manifestations, image characteristics, serological andpathogenic microorganism test results to confirm diagnosis. Because of this, the article will discuss the issues related to the differential diagnosis and management of COVID-19 and ILD, and try to provide reasonable suggestions."}, {"pmid": 32006657, "pmcid": "PMC7128745", "title": "The next big threat to global health? 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): What advice can we give to travellers? - Interim recommendations January 2020, from the Latin-American society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI).", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Biscayart, Cristian", "Angeleri, Patricia", "Lloveras, Susana", "Chaves, Tania do Socorro Souza", "Schlagenhauf, Patricia", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-02-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32006657", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409243, "pmcid": "PMC7183292", "title": "Recommendations for eye care during the alarm state by the coronavirus disease pandemic COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol", "authors": ["Gegundez-Fernandez, J A", "Zarranz-Ventura, J", "Garay-Aramburu, G", "Munoz-Negrete, F J", "Mendicute Del Barrio, J", "Pablo-Julvez, L", "Garcia-Delpech, S", "Lopez-Alemany, A", "Arnalich-Montiel, F", "Cordero-Coma, M", "Carceles, J A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409243", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Minimize exposure to the SARS-CoV-2, reduce the chances of cross-transmission between patients and healthcare personnel, and prevent the development of postoperative complications from the management of patients with eye diseases during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). COVID-19 literature review and consensus establishment between different Spanish ophthalmology societies in order to provide guidelines and recommendations of maximum resources primarily conditioned by the state of alert, confinement and social distancing that occurs in Spain since March 16, 2020. The recommendations will promote the adoption of action and protection measures for eye care in outpatient clinics, surgical areas and hospitalization, for unconfirmed (asymptomatic and symptomatic) and confirmed COVID-19 patients. Measures must be adapted to the circumstances and availability of personal protective equipment in each of the centers and Autonomous Communities, which will be updated according to the pandemic phases and the measures adopted by the Spanish Government. During the COVID-19 pandemic, attention to the potential health risks to the population caused by coronavirus should prevail over the possible progression of the common eye diseases. Ophthalmologists and other eye care professionals must assume a possible progression of these diseases due to the impossibility of adequate patient follow-up."}, {"pmid": 32436148, "pmcid": "PMC7239505", "title": "Treatment options for patients with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: dose reduction of ribociclib does not diminish efficacy.", "journal": "Breast Cancer Res Treat", "authors": ["O'Shaughnessy, Joyce"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436148", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32020029, "pmcid": "PMC7054408", "title": "Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro.", "journal": "Cell Res", "authors": ["Wang, Manli", "Cao, Ruiyuan", "Zhang, Leike", "Yang, Xinglou", "Liu, Jia", "Xu, Mingyue", "Shi, Zhengli", "Hu, Zhihong", "Zhong, Wu", "Xiao, Gengfu"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32020029", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499057, "pmcid": "PMC7260534", "title": "Prescribing parenteral nutrition in acute hospital setting during COVID-19: The Singapore experience.", "journal": "Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Salazar, Ennaliza", "Cheah, Mark C C"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499057", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524746, "title": "A call for more utilization of laser dentistry at time of coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Nassani, Mohammad Zakaria", "Shamsy, Enass", "Tarakji, Bassel"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the eruption of coronavirus pandemic the face of the world has dramatically changed. Sadly, the impact of this health crisis on human beings and the world at large has been massive. To date, the world is struggling to find a cure/vaccination to this deadly virus. Globally, protection procedures to avoid infection with coronavirus have become the slogan of this era of time."}, {"pmid": 32489509, "pmcid": "PMC7239579", "title": "Neonatologists' Challenges During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Med Res", "authors": ["Al-Lawama, Manar"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489509", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442685, "pmcid": "PMC7235579", "title": "An invited commentary on \"Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice-part 1\". Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice: Time to embrace telehealth in surgery.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Purcell, Laura N", "Charles, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442685", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279437, "pmcid": "PMC7262261", "title": "The use of google trends to investigate the loss of smell related searches during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Walker, Abigail", "Hopkins, Claire", "Surda, Pavol"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279437", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Netherlands", "Germany", "Spain", "United Kingdom", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Initial reports describing COVID-19 were dominated by the presence of cough, breathlessness, and fever, anecdotal reports suggested anosmia may also be a manifestation. We sought to use Google Trends (GT) to investigate whether there was a surge in individuals searching for information related to smell loss during the COVID-19 epidemic in the Italy, Spain, UK, USA, Germany, France, Iran and Netherlands. GT was used to explore Internet activity related to loss of smell in Italy, Spain, UK, USA, Germany, France, Iran and Netherlands. Spearman rank analysis was performed to correlate loss of smell relative search volumes (RSV) with the increases of daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 and deaths attributed to disease. As a control event, we also performed analysis of smell-related searches during the last UK Influenza epidemic of 2009. In all three countries, we observed strong correlations between daily RSVs related to loss of smell, increases of daily COVID-19+ cases and deaths ranging from 0.633 to 0.952. All correlations were statistically significant (p<0.05). There is a strong correlation between the frequency of searches for smell-related information and the onset of COVID-19 infection in Italy, Spain, UK, USA, Germany, France, Iran and Netherlands. We would hypothesise this may relate to a previously under-recognised symptom. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32215548, "pmcid": "PMC7184365", "title": "Are patients with inflammatory bowel disease at increased risk for Covid-19 infection?", "journal": "J Crohns Colitis", "authors": ["Monteleone, Giovanni", "Ardizzone, Sandro"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215548", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Crohn's disease (CD)] and ulcerative colitis (UC), the main inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in human beings, are chronic, immune-inflammatory diseases, whose pathogenesis implicates a complex interaction between environmental factors and genetic susceptibility. These disabling conditions affect millions of individuals and, together with the drugs used to treat them, can put patients at risk of developing complications and other conditions. This is particularly relevant nowadays, as coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has rapidly spread from China to countries where IBD are more prevalent and there is convincing evidence that Covid-19-mediated morbidity and mortality are higher in subjects with comorbidities. The primary objectives of this Viewpoint are to provide a focused overview of the factors and mechanisms by which the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects the cells and to illustrate the link between such determinants and the intestinal inflammation. We also provide clues about the reasons why the overall IBD population might have no increased risk to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and highlight the potential of cytokine blockers, used to treat IBD patients, to prevent Covid-driven pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32417268, "pmcid": "PMC7227544", "title": "'Led by the science', evidence gaps, and the risks of aerosol transmission of SARS-COV-2.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Simonds, Anita K"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417268", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438763, "title": "Oral Iron for IBD Patients: Lessons Learned at Time of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["D'Amico, Ferdinando", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent", "Danese, Silvio"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438763", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Anemia is a frequent manifestation in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and requires tight monitoring and adequate supplementary therapy. Intravenous iron is the first-line treatment in subjects with moderate-severe anemia, active disease, or oral iron intolerance. On the other hand, oral iron is recommended in patients with mild anemia and inactive disease. However, during the current coronavirus pandemic, hospital activities have significantly changed, and all non-essential procedures, including non-urgent iron infusions, have been rescheduled. Oral iron, including both the traditional formulations with ferrous iron and the new ferric iron complexes, could constitute a valid alternative for anemia treatment. For this reason, we conducted a literature review, to summarize the scientific evidence on oral iron therapy in IBD patients with anemia."}, {"pmid": 32335168, "pmcid": "PMC7177139", "title": "Dynamics of anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgM and IgG antibodies among COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Lee, Yu-Lin", "Liao, Chia-Hung", "Liu, Po-Yu", "Cheng, Chien-Yu", "Chung, Ming-Yi", "Liu, Chun-Eng", "Chang, Sui-Yuan", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335168", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32087334, "pmcid": "PMC7079563", "title": "The epidemic of 2019-novel-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia and insights for emerging infectious diseases in the future.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Li, Jin-Yan", "You, Zhi", "Wang, Qiong", "Zhou, Zhi-Jian", "Qiu, Ye", "Luo, Rui", "Ge, Xing-Yi"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087334", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, caused an outbreak of pneumonia spreading from Wuhan, Hubei province, to the whole country of China, which has posed great threats to public health and attracted enormous attention around the world. To date, there are no clinically approved vaccines or antiviral drugs available for these human coronavirus infections. Intensive research on the novel emerging human infectious coronaviruses is urgently needed to elucidate their route of transmission and pathogenic mechanisms, and to identify potential drug targets, which would promote the development of effective preventive and therapeutic countermeasures. Herein, we describe the epidemic and etiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV, discuss its essential biological features, including tropism and receptor usage, summarize approaches for disease prevention and treatment, and speculate on the transmission route of 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32530314, "title": "Telemedicine is a useful tool to deliver care to patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis during COVID-19 pandemic: results from Southern Italy.", "journal": "Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener", "authors": ["Capozzo, Rosa", "Zoccolella, Stefano", "Musio, Marco", "Barone, Roberta", "Accogli, Miriam", "Logroscino, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530314", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Teleneurology is an effective tool for the rapid evaluation of patients in remote locations with a well-established use in stroke and epilepsy. To date its adoption for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) care is still in a preliminary stage. We evaluated the feasibility of multidisciplinary assessment of patients with ALS, using telememedicine during the emergency determined by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: All patients included in this survey had received a diagnosis of ALS according to international criteria after a complete clinical and paraclinical assessment during 2019. A structured questionnaire was used by the neurologist with the patient or the caregiver. A video interaction was offered but refused by all patients because they did not feel comfortable or did not have smartphone. Results: Out of 31 clinical interviews 8 were completed directly with the patients and 23 with patients' caregivers. In a successive survey, most of patients were satisfied with the neurological interview (85%), the possibility to interact directly with the clinician being at home (85%) and reduction of economic and time costs because they avoided unnecessary travel to the clinic. Most of subjects expressed their willingness to continue to be included in remote evaluation programs (90%). Notably, none of the patients presented index symptoms of Covid-19 infection. Conclusion: Our study indicates that telemedicine is a valid tool to triage patients with ALS to increase practice outreach and efficiency. Delivery of care via telemedicine was effective and successful in people with ALS in the dramatic and sudden crisis determined by Covid-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32318865, "pmcid": "PMC7171437", "title": "Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences of Viral Toxicities and Host Immune Response.", "journal": "Curr Cardiol Rep", "authors": ["Zhu, Han", "Rhee, June-Wha", "Cheng, Paul", "Waliany, Sarah", "Chang, Amy", "Witteles, Ronald M", "Maecker, Holden", "Davis, Mark M", "Nguyen, Patricia K", "Wu, Sean M"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318865", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While cardiac injury has been demonstrated in critically ill COVID-19 patients, the mechanism of injury remains unclear. Here, we review our current knowledge of the biology of SARS-CoV-2 and the potential mechanisms of myocardial injury due to viral toxicities and host immune responses. A number of studies have reported an epidemiological association between history of cardiac disease and worsened outcome during COVID infection. Development of new onset myocardial injury during COVID-19 also increases mortality. While limited data exist, potential mechanisms of cardiac injury include direct viral entry through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and toxicity in host cells, hypoxia-related myocyte injury, and immune-mediated cytokine release syndrome. Potential treatments for reducing viral infection and excessive immune responses are also discussed. COVID patients with cardiac disease history or acquire new cardiac injury are at an increased risk for in-hospital morbidity and mortality. More studies are needed to address the mechanism of cardiotoxicity and the treatments that can minimize permanent damage to the cardiovascular system."}, {"pmid": 32504019, "title": "The coronavirus outbreak could make it quicker and easier to trial drugs.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ledford, Heidi"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504019", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359205, "pmcid": "PMC7267496", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Taxonera, Carlos", "Sagastagoitia, Inigo", "Alba, Cristina", "Manas, Norberto", "Olivares, David", "Rey, Enrique"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359205", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data on patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) who have had 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) are needed. To report the clinical characteristics, including gastrointestinal symptoms, of COVID-19 in IBD patients, and to assess the risk of COVID-19 in IBD. This case series included consecutive IBD patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Age-adjusted cumulative incidences were compared with the general population in the Madrid region. Through April 8, 12 of 1918 IBD patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. The average age was 52\u00a0years, 75% of the patients were female and 58.3% had Crohn's disease. Seven patients (58%) were on maintenance treatment with immunomodulators/biologics, of these four with combined therapy (33%). Eight patients (66%) required hospitalisation (one intensive care unit admission, and two deaths), and four patients were isolated at home. Nine patients had diarrhoea ranging between 4 and 10 loose stools per day (mean 5.4, SD 1.6). In five patients (42%) diarrhoea was a presenting symptom. In two patients, diarrhoea was the only symptom at debut. Cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was 6.2 per 1000 IBD patients. IBD patients had a lower adjusted incidence ratio of COVID-19 (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.70-0.77; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), and a similar associated mortality ratio (OR 0.95, 95% CI: 0.84-1.06; P\u00a0=\u00a00.36), compared with the general population. IBD patients do not have an increased risk of COVID-19 and associated mortality compared with the general population. In many IBD patients, diarrhoea was a presenting symptom, and sometimes, was the only symptom at onset of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32315559, "title": "Protecting older people from COVID-19: should the United Kingdom start at age 60?", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Osama, Tasnime", "Pankhania, Bharat", "Majeed, Azeem"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315559", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381326, "pmcid": "PMC7180350", "title": "ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in times of COVID-19: back to the last century? A call for attention.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Gadella, Alejandro", "Sastre, Miguel Angel", "Maicas, Carolina", "Rodriguez-Padial, Luis", "Arias, Miguel A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381326", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493704, "title": "Pediatric inflammatory syndrome temporally related to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Son, Mary Beth F"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493704", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472347, "pmcid": "PMC7257353", "title": "Compliance and Psychological Impact of Quarantine in Children and Adolescents due to Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Saurabh, Kumar", "Ranjan, Shilpi"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472347", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine a cohort of children and adolescents quarantined during Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in India and to describe their understanding of, compliance with and the psychological impact of quarantine experience. One hundred twenty one children and adolescents along with their parents were interviewed regarding their compliance and psychological distress during the quarantine period. A comparable data was also obtained from 131 children and adolescents who were not quarantined. Most of the children and adolescents were non-compliant as compliance with all requirements was low (7.43%), though compliance with community protective measures (17.35%) was better than compliance with household protective measures (10.71%). Quarantined children and adolescents experienced greater psychological distress than non-quarantined children and adolescents (p \u02c20.001). Worry (68.59%), helplessness (66.11%) and fear (61.98%) were the most common feelings experienced under quarantine. The low compliance with quarantine requirements as seen in this study raises a serious concern about the effectiveness of quarantine as a preventive measure of disease transmission. Compliance and mental health problems can be improved by providing adequate financial support and enhanced knowledge about pandemic planning."}, {"pmid": 32283308, "pmcid": "PMC7194859", "title": "A field indoor air measurement of SARS-CoV-2 in the patient rooms of the largest hospital in Iran.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Faridi, Sasan", "Niazi, Sadegh", "Sadeghi, Kaveh", "Naddafi, Kazem", "Yavarian, Jila", "Shamsipour, Mansour", "Jandaghi, Nazanin Zahra Shafiei", "Sadeghniiat, Khosro", "Nabizadeh, Ramin", "Yunesian, Masud", "Momeniha, Fatemeh", "Mokamel, Adel", "Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh", "MokhtariAzad, Talat"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283308", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city, China, in late 2019 and has rapidly spread throughout the world. The major route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is in contention, with the airborne route a likely transmission pathway for carrying the virus within indoor environments. Until now, there has been no evidence for detection of airborne severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and this may have implication for the potential spread of the COVID-19. We investigated the air of patient rooms with confirmed COVID-19 in the largest hospital in Iran, on March 17, 2020. To collect the SARS-CoV-2 particles, ten air samples were collected into the sterile standard midget impingers containing 20\u00a0mL DMEM with 100\u00a0\u03bcg/mL streptomycin, 100\u00a0U/mL penicillin and 1% antifoam reagent for 1\u00a0h. Besides, indoor particle number concentrations, CO2, relative humidity and temperature were recorded throughout the sampling duration. Viral RNA was extracted from samples taken from the impingers and Reverse-Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was applied to confirm the positivity of collected samples based on the virus genome sequence. Fortunately, in this study all air samples which were collected 2 to 5\u00a0m from the patients' beds with confirmed COVID-19 were negative. Despite we indicated that all air samples were negative, however, we suggest further in vivo experiments should be conducted using actual patient cough, sneeze and breath aerosols in order to show the possibility of generation of the airborne size carrier aerosols and the viability fraction of the embedded virus in those carrier aerosols."}, {"pmid": 32474331, "pmcid": "PMC7247969", "title": "Corticosteroids and the hyper-inflammatory phase of the COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Taboada, Manuel", "Caruezo, Valentin", "Naveira, Alberto", "Atanassoff, Peter G"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474331", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32147409, "pmcid": "PMC7102573", "title": "Are children less susceptible to COVID-19?", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lee, Ping-Ing", "Hu, Ya-Li", "Chen, Po-Yen", "Huang, Yhu-Chering", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147409", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379502, "title": "Estimating The Infection Fatality Rate Among Symptomatic COVID-19 Cases In The United States.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Basu, Anirban"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379502", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Knowing the infection fatality rate (IFR) of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections is essential for the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data through April 20, 2020, we fit a statistical model to COVID-19 case fatality rates over time at the US county level to estimate the COVID-19 IFR among symptomatic cases (IFR-S) as time goes to infinity. The IFR-S in the US was estimated to be 1.3% (95% central credible interval: 0.6% to 2.1%). County-specific rates varied from 0.5% to 3.6%. The overall IFR for COVID-19 should be lower when we account for cases that remain and recover without symptoms. When used with other estimating approaches, our model and our estimates can help disease and policy modelers to obtain more accurate predictions for the epidemiology of the disease and the impact of alternative policy levers to contain this pandemic. The model could also be used with future epidemics to get an early sense of the magnitude of symptomatic infection at the population-level before more direct estimates are available. Substantial variation across patient demographics likely exists and should be the focus of future studies. [Editor's Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the peer-reviewed manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.]."}, {"pmid": 32498655, "title": "The role of asymptomatic class, quarantine and isolation in the transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Biol Dyn", "authors": ["Ali, Mohsin", "Shah, Syed Touqeer H", "Imran, Mudassar", "Khan, Adnan"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498655", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We formulate a deterministic epidemic model for the spread of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). We have included asymptomatic, quarantine\u00a0and\u00a0isolation compartments in the model, as studies have stressed upon the importance of these population groups on the transmission of the disease. We calculate the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] and show that for [Formula: see text] the disease dies out and for [Formula: see text] the disease is endemic. Using sensitivity analysis we establish that [Formula: see text] is most sensitive to the rate of quarantine and isolation and that a high level of quarantine needs to be maintained as well as isolation to control the disease. Based on this we devise optimal quarantine and isolation strategies, noting that high levels need to be maintained during the early stages of the outbreak. Using data from the Wuhan outbreak, which has nearly run its course we estimate that [Formula: see text] which while in agreement with other estimates in the literature is on the lower side."}, {"pmid": 32352421, "title": "Occupational Medicine in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Lav", "authors": ["Mutti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352421", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Editorial."}, {"pmid": 32529424, "pmcid": "PMC7287282", "title": "[COVID-19 preparedness in ophthalmology].", "journal": "Ophthalmologe", "authors": ["Wacker, Katrin", "Reinhard, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529424", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare work is a\u00a0risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To review risk mitigation strategies in ophthalmology during the COVID-19 pandemic. Risk mitigation strategies to maintain ophthalmology care, to prevent collateral damage from care disruption, and to prevent the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02 (SARS-CoV-2) are summarized based on the example of a\u00a0tertiary referral center in Germany. Clinical management strategies included restricted access to buildings, triage systems, telemedicine approaches, strategies for rapid treat and release, and transparent communication strategies. Strategies to protect patients and staff relied on both standard hygiene precautions and the use of personal protective equipment for prevention of droplet infections. Physical barriers supported risk mitigation strategies. To maintain ophthalmological care during the COVID-19 pandemic, a\u00a0coordinated, multifaceted approach using risk mitigation strategies to protect staff, patients, and the public was initiated."}, {"pmid": 32409194, "pmcid": "PMC7194636", "title": "Preventing and Controlling Measures of 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Practice in Psychogeriatric Ward.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Zhao, Wenjing", "Jian, Wei", "Li, Hongyi"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459978, "title": "Assessment of adequacy of respiratory infection prevention in hospitals of Inner Mongolia, China: a cross-sectional study using unannounced standardized patients.", "journal": "Postgrad Med", "authors": ["Xie, Yijing", "McNeil, Edward B", "Sriplung, Hutcha", "Fan, Yancun", "Zhao, Xingsheng", "Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459978", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent respiratory infectious disease (RID) outbreaks of influenza and the novel coronavirus have resulted in global pandemics. RIDs can trigger nosocomial infections if not adequately prevented. The objective of this study was to rate the adequacy of healthcare workers (HCWs) and hospital settings on RID prevention using unannounced standardized patients (USP) in clinical settings of hospital gateways. Trained USPs visited 5 clinical settings: information desks, registration desks, two outpatient departments and the emergency departments in 10 hospitals across 3 cities of Inner Mongolia, China. USPs observed the hospital air ventilation and distance from the nearest hand-washing facilities to each clinical setting, then mimicked symptoms of either tuberculosis or influenza before observing the HCW's behavior. A total of 480 clinical-setting assessments were made by 19 USPs. The overall adequacy of triage services was 86.7% and for prevention of the spread of airborne droplets was 83.5%. Almost all hospitals offered adequate air ventilation. Compared to the information desk, adequacy of triage and preventing the spread of airborne droplets by physicians in the three clinical departments was less likely to be adequate. Triage services for USPs simulating symptoms of influenza were 2.6 times more likely to be adequate than for those simulating symptoms of tuberculosis but there was no significant difference in the prevention of the spread of airborne droplets. There is a need to improve respiratory infectious disease procedures in our study hospitals, especially in outpatient and emergency departments."}, {"pmid": 32510169, "title": "A study on clinical effect of Arbidol combined with adjuvant therapy on COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Wenyu", "Yao, Ming", "Fang, Zhixian", "Lv, Xiaodong", "Deng, Min", "Wu, Zhen"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510169", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to explore the clinical effect of Arbidol (ARB) combined with adjuvant therapy on patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study included 62 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the First Hospital of Jiaxing from January to March, 2020, and all patients were divided into the test group and the control group according to whether they received ARB during hospitalization. Various indexes in the two groups before and after treatment were observed and recorded, including fever, cough, hypodynamia, nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, diarrhea, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), blood routine indexes, blood biochemical indexes, time to achieve negative virus nucleic acid and so on. The fever and cough in the test group were relieved markedly faster than those in the control group (p<0.05); there was no obvious difference between the two groups concerning the percentage of patients with abnormal CRP, PCT, blood routine indexes, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (p>0.05); the time for two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests in the test group were shorter than that in the control group; the hospitalization period of the patients in the test group and control group were (16.5 \u00b1 7.14) d and (18.55 \u00b1 7.52) d, respectively. ARB combined with adjuvant therapy might be able to relieve the fever of COVID-19 sufferers faster and accelerate the cure time to some degree, hence it's recommended for further research clinically. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32448880, "title": "[Gymnastics-sports activities: health benefits in emergency period CoViD-19. How to organize a quick shot.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Regis, Guido"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448880", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Regular physical activity grants significant health effects and lowers the risk of premature death for all causes, in particular cardiovascular ones in asymptomatic subjects. Physical activity is useful in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and lung diseases, metabolic diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, cancer and depression. Recent studies correlate inactivity with chronic low-grade inflammation and obesity, at the origin of chronic non-communicable diseases. The evidence must be taken seriously into consideration in this particular CoViD-19 emergency period and long-term effects of prolonged limitation of sports activity must not be overlooked. Contagion in open places is very difficult and the absolute prohibition of sports activities in open places and the closure of parks are creating discomfort and confusion. Institutions and media are generating the wrong message that active people must be looked at with disapproval. Instead, this habit should be encouraged, in order to protect citizens' and community health, lightening the welfare load for society."}, {"pmid": 32405109, "pmcid": "PMC7219355", "title": "Clinical course of severe and critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A comparative study.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Luyan", "Zhang, Bin", "Ti, Ma-Yi-di-Li Ni-Jia", "Yang, Ke", "Zou, Yujian", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405109", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32005675, "title": "Response to the emerging novel coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kickbusch, Ilona", "Leung, Gabriel"], "date": "2020-02-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32005675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341442, "pmcid": "PMC7184165", "title": "Interactions of coronaviruses with ACE2, angiotensin II, and RAS inhibitors-lessons from available evidence and insights into COVID-19.", "journal": "Hypertens Res", "authors": ["Kai, Hisashi", "Kai, Mamiko"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341442", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recently, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been shown to be a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 to enter host target cells. Given that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and an ACE inhibitor (ACEI) upregulated ACE2 expression in animal studies, the concern might arise regarding whether ARBs and ACEIs would increase the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. On the other hand, animal data suggested a potential protective effect of ARBs against COVID-19 pneumonia because an ARB prevented the aggravation of acute lung injury in mice infected with SARS-CoV, which is closely related to SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, however, there is no clinical or experimental evidence supporting that ARBs and ACEIs either augment the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 or aggravate the severity and outcomes of COVID-19 at present. Until further data are available, it is recommended that ARB and ACEI medications be continued for the treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease and hypertension, especially those at high risk, according to guideline-directed medical therapy based on the currently available evidence."}, {"pmid": 32240279, "title": "Isolated sudden onset anosmia in COVID-19 infection. A novel syndrome?", "journal": "Rhinology", "authors": ["Gane, S B", "Kelly, C", "Hopkins, C"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240279", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The amelioration of the current COVID pandemic relies on swift and efficient case finding as well as stringent social distancing measures. Current advice suggests that fever or new onset dry cough are the commonest presenting complaints. We present a case report and case series as well as other evidence that there is an important fourth presenting syndrome, namely isolated sudden onset anosmia (ISOA), which should be considered highly suspicious for SARS-CoV-2. A patient presenting with ISOA who went on to test positive for infection with COVID-19 and did not develop any further symptoms as well as a case series of similar patients although limited by the lack of reliable testing at the moment. We posit the existence of a fourth common syndrome of COVID-19 infection: isolated sudden onset anosmia (ISOA) and urge the international community to consider this presentation in current management advice."}, {"pmid": 32469989, "pmcid": "PMC7259789", "title": "Statistical analysis of the impact of environmental temperature on the exponential growth rate of cases infected by COVID-19.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Livadiotis, George"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469989", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We perform a statistical analysis for understanding the effect of the environmental temperature on the exponential growth rate of the cases infected by COVID-19 for US and Italian regions. In particular, we analyze the datasets of regional infected cases, derive the growth rates for regions characterized by a readable exponential growth phase in their evolution spread curve and plot them against the environmental temperatures averaged within the same regions, derive the relationship between temperature and growth rate, and evaluate its statistical confidence. The results clearly support the first reported statistically significant relationship of negative correlation between the average environmental temperature and exponential growth rates of the infected cases. The critical temperature, which eliminates the exponential growth, and thus the COVID-19 spread in US regions, is estimated to be TC = 86.1 \u00b1 4.3 F0."}, {"pmid": 32452728, "title": "Viral aetiology and clinical characteristics of acute respiratory tract infections in Shenzhen during epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Zhang, Dawei", "Jiang, Yong", "Hua, Jianjiang", "Liu, Qiong", "Wen, Wujin", "Zhu, Meiling", "Du, Jikun", "Liu, Helu"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452728", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272198, "pmcid": "PMC7136875", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and economic cost; impact on forcibly displaced people.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kabir, Mahvish", "Afzal, Muhammad Sohail", "Khan, Aisha", "Ahmed, Haroon"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272198", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419710, "pmcid": "PMC7224655", "title": "Deep venous thrombosis in a non-critically ill patient with novel COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Nauka, Peter C", "Oran, Erick", "Chekuri, Sweta"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419710", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526365, "title": "Acute hemorrhage after intra-cerebral biopsy in COVID-19 patients: a report of 3 cases.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Degeneffe, Aurelie", "Bruneau, Michael", "Spitaels, Julien", "Gilis, Nathalie", "De Witte, Olivier", "Lubansu, Alphonse"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526365", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When Belgium's COVID-19 outbreak began in March of 2020, our neurosurgical department followed the protocol of most surgical departments in the world and postponed elective surgery. However, patients with tumor-like brain lesions requiring urgent surgery still received treatment as usual, in order to ensure ongoing neuro-oncological care. From a series of 31 patients admitted for brain surgery, three were confirmed as infected by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We present the clinical outcomes of these three COVID-19 patients, who underwent an intra-cerebral biopsy in our department during April of 2020. All suffered from a diffuse intra-parenchymal hemorrhage post-operatively. Unfortunately, we were not able to identify a clear etiology of these post-operative complications. It could be hypothesized that an active COVID-19 infection status may be related to a higher bleeding risk. The remaining 28 neuro-oncological non-COVID patients underwent uneventful surgery during the same period. This case series reports the previously unreported and unexpected outcomes of COVID-19 patients suffering from acute hemorrhage after intra-cerebral biopsy procedures. Although no direct relation can yet be established, we recommend the neurosurgical community be cautious in such cases."}, {"pmid": 32473233, "pmcid": "PMC7255159", "title": "Derivation and validation of a scoring system to assess pre-test probability of being COVID-19 positive.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Borghetti, A", "Ciccullo, A", "Paratore, M", "Rovedi, F", "Stella, L", "Marchetti, A", "Cattani, P", "Verme, L Zileri Dal", "Cauda, R", "Gasbarrini, A", "Di Giambenedetto, S"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473233", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464654, "title": "Equitable Pandemic Preparedness and Rapid Response: Lessons from COVID-19 for Pandemic Health Equity.", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Alberti, Philip M", "Lantz, Paula M", "Wilkins, Consuelo H"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464654", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pandemic has set in high relief the entrenched health, social, racial, political, and economic inequities within American society as the incidence of severe morbidity and mortality from the disease caused by the virus appears to be much greater in Black and other racial/ethnic minority populations, within homeless and incarcerated populations, and in lower-income communities in general. The reality is that the U.S. is ill equipped to realize health equity in prevention and control efforts for any type of health outcome, including an infectious disease pandemic. In this article, we address an important question: When new waves of the current pandemic emerge or another novel pandemic emerges, how can the U.S. be better prepared and also ensure a rapid response that reduces rather than exacerbates social and health inequities? We argue for a health equity framework to pandemic preparedness, grounded in meaningful community engagement that, while recognizing the fundamental causes of social and health inequity, has a clear focus on upstream and midstream preparedness and downstream rapid response efforts that put social and health equity at the forefront."}, {"pmid": 32422409, "pmcid": "PMC7228894", "title": "Reducing hospital admissions for COVID-19 at a dedicated screening centre in Singapore.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Tan, G S E", "Ang, H", "Manauis, C M", "Chua, J M", "Gao, C Q", "Ng, F K K", "Wong, C S", "Ng, O T", "Marimuthu, K", "Chan, M", "Leo, Y-S", "Vasoo, S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422409", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428213, "title": "Limiting moral injury in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Roycroft, Matthew", "Wilkes, Daniel", "Pattani, Shriti", "Fleming, Simon", "Olsson-Brown, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428213", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439636, "title": "Covid-19: UK's response has so far cost \"unprecedented\" pound124.3bn.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Griffin, Shaun"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439636", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297226, "pmcid": "PMC7159992", "title": "The Case for a Temporary COVID-19 Income Tax Levy Now, During the Crisis.", "journal": "Appl Health Econ Health Policy", "authors": ["Karnon, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297226", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203709, "pmcid": "PMC7118607", "title": "Treatment for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome from COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Matthay, Michael A", "Aldrich, J Matthew", "Gotts, Jeffrey E"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203709", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437950, "pmcid": "PMC7211753", "title": "Vascular surgery education during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Tinelli, Giovanni", "Sica, Simona", "Minelli, Fabrizio", "Tshomba, Yamume"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315886, "pmcid": "PMC7160637", "title": "Prevalence of self-reported depression and anxiety among pediatric medical staff members during the COVID-19 outbreak in Guiyang, China.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Chen, Yun", "Zhou, Hao", "Zhou, Yan", "Zhou, Fang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315886", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32244261, "title": "[Comparison of two epidemic patterns of COVID-19 and evaluation of prevention and control effectiveness: an analysis based on Guangzhou and Wenzhou].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["He, G H", "Rong, Z H", "Hu, J X", "Liu, T", "Xiao, J P", "Guo, L C", "Zeng, W L", "Zhu, Z H", "Gong, D X", "Yin, L H", "Wan, D H", "Wu, J L", "Kang, M", "Song, T", "He, J F", "Ma, W J"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244261", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To compare the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Guangzhou and Wenzhou, and evaluate the effectiveness of their prevention and control measures. Methods: Data of COVID-19 cases reported in Guangzhou and Wenzhou as of 29 February, 2020 were collected. The incidence curves of COVID-19 in two cities were constructed. The real time reproduction number (R(t)) of COVID-19 in two cities was calculated respectively. Results: A total of 346 and 465 confirmed COVID-19 cases were analysed in Guangzhou and Wenzhou, respectively. In two cities, most cases were aged 30-59 years (Guangzhou: 54.9%; Wenzhou: 70.3%). The incidence curve peaked on 27 January, 2020 in Guangzhou and on 26 January, 2020 in Wenzhou, then began to decline in both cities. The peaks of imported COVID-19 cases from Hubei occurred earlier than the peak of COVID-19 incidences in two cities, and the peak of imported cases from Hubei occurred earlier in Wenzhou than in Guangzhou. In early epidemic phase, imported cases were predominant in both cities, then the number of local cases increased and gradually took the dominance in Wenzhou. In Guangzhou, the imported cases was still predominant. Despite the different epidemic pattern, the R(t) and the number of COVID-19 cases declined after strict prevention and control measures were taken in Guangzhou and in Wenzhou. Conclusion: The time and scale specific differences of imported COVID-19 resulted in different epidemic patterns in two cities, but the spread of the disease were effectively controlled after taking strict prevention and control measures."}, {"pmid": 32461146, "pmcid": "PMC7246048", "title": "COVID-19: Joint Statement on Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333304, "pmcid": "PMC7180666", "title": "SARS-Cov-2 (human) and COVID-19: Primer 2020.", "journal": "Hepatol Int", "authors": ["Ramakrishna, Gayatri", "Kumar, Pradeep", "Aggarwal, Savera", "Islam, Mojahidul", "Singh, Ravinder", "Jagdish, Rakesh K", "Trehanpati, Nirupma"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333304", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419768, "pmcid": "PMC7225700", "title": "Covid-19: free resources to support radiographers.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Hogg, Peter", "Holmes, Ken", "McNulty, Jonathan", "Newman, Donna", "Keene, Dorothy", "Beardmore, Charlotte"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419768", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322402, "pmcid": "PMC7171523", "title": "Review on the global epidemiological situation and the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Saqrane, S", "El Mhammedi, M A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322402", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 disease is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus belonging to the coronavirus family. Covid-19 is so new that there is currently no specific vaccine or treatment. Clinical trials are currently underway. In\u00a0vitro tests are also being conducted to assess the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of this epidemic, which is considered a pandemic by the WHO. We note that the content of this review is dated. The information it contains is subject to change and modification as the epidemic progresses."}, {"pmid": 32458558, "pmcid": "PMC7267086", "title": "When Separation is not the Answer: Breastfeeding Mothers and Infants affected by COVID-19.", "journal": "Matern Child Nutr", "authors": ["Tomori, Cecilia", "Gribble, Karleen", "Palmquist, Aunchalee E L", "Ververs, Mija-Tesse", "Gross, Marielle S"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458558", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organisation (WHO) has provided detailed guidance on the care of infants of women who are a person under investigation (PUI) or confirmed to have COVID-19, which supports immediate postpartum mother-infant contact and breastfeeding with appropriate respiratory precautions. Although many countries have followed WHO guidance, others have implemented infection prevention and control policies (IPC) that impose varying levels of postpartum separation and discourage or prohibit breastfeeding or provision of expressed breastmilk. These policies aim to protect infants from the potential harm of infection from their mothers, yet they may fail to fully account for the impact of separation. Global COVID-19 data are suggestive of potentially lower susceptibility and a typically milder course of disease among children, although the potential for severe disease in infancy remains. Separation causes cumulative harms, including disrupting breastfeeding and limiting its protection against infectious disease, which has disproportionate impacts on vulnerable infants. Separation also presumes the replaceability of breastfeeding - a risk that is magnified in emergencies. Moreover, separation does not ensure lower viral exposure during hospitalizations and post-discharge, and contributes to the burden on overwhelmed health systems. Finally, separation magnifies maternal health consequences of insufficient breastfeeding and compounds trauma in communities who have experienced long-standing inequities and violence, including family separation. Taken together, separating PUI/confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers and their infants may lead to excess preventable illnesses and deaths among infants and women around the world. Health services must consider the short-and-long-term impacts of separating mothers and infants in their policies."}, {"pmid": 32528193, "pmcid": "PMC7282427", "title": "The Sudanese/British doctors who offered their lives fighting coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Sudan J Paediatr", "authors": ["Salih, Mustafa Abdalla M", "Swar, Mohammed Osman"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528193", "countries": ["Sudan", "United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247013, "pmcid": "PMC7118697", "title": "Guidance for Cardiac Electrophysiology During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic from the Heart Rhythm Society COVID-19 Task Force; Electrophysiology Section of the American College of Cardiology; and the Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Lakkireddy, Dhanunjaya R", "Chung, Mina K", "Gopinathannair, Rakesh", "Patton, Kristen K", "Gluckman, Ty J", "Turagam, Mohit", "Cheung, Jim", "Patel, Parin", "Sotomonte, Juan", "Lampert, Rachel", "Han, Janet K", "Rajagopalan, Bharath", "Eckhardt, Lee", "Joglar, Jose", "Sandau, Kristin", "Olshansky, Brian", "Wan, Elaine", "Noseworthy, Peter A", "Leal, Miguel", "Kaufman, Elizabeth", "Gutierrez, Alejandra", "Marine, Joseph M", "Wang, Paul J", "Russo, Andrea M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247013", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is a global pandemic that is wreaking havoc with the health and economy of much of human civilization. Electrophysiologists have been impacted personally and professionally by this global catastrophe. In this joint document from representatives of the HRS, ACC and AHA we identify the potential risks of exposure to patients, allied health care staff, industry representatives and hospital administrators. We describe the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac arrhythmias and methods of triage based on acuity and patient comorbidities. We provide guidance for managing invasive and non-invasive electrophysiology procedures, clinic visits and cardiac device interrogations. We discuss resource conservation and the role of tele-medicine in remote patient care along with management strategies for affected patients."}, {"pmid": 32401964, "pmcid": "PMC7196725", "title": "A company doctor's role during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Andrade, Rogerio Muniz de"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401964", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320687, "pmcid": "PMC7166309", "title": "Phylogenetic Analysis and Structural Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Reveals an Evolutionary Distinct and Proteolytically Sensitive Activation Loop.", "journal": "J Mol Biol", "authors": ["Jaimes, Javier A", "Andre, Nicole M", "Chappie, Joshua S", "Millet, Jean K", "Whittaker, Gary R"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320687", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) originally arose as part of a major outbreak of respiratory disease centered on Hubei province, China. It is now a global pandemic and is a major public health concern. Taxonomically, SARS-CoV-2 was shown to be a Betacoronavirus (lineage B) closely related to SARS-CoV and SARS-related bat coronaviruses, and it has been reported to share a common receptor with SARS-CoV (ACE-2). Subsequently, betacoronaviruses from pangolins were identified as close relatives to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we perform structural modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Our data provide support for the similar receptor utilization between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, despite a relatively low amino acid similarity in the receptor binding module. Compared to SARS-CoV and all other coronaviruses in Betacoronavirus lineage B, we identify an extended structural loop containing basic amino acids at the interface of the receptor binding (S1) and fusion (S2) domains. We suggest this loop confers fusion activation and entry properties more in line with betacoronaviruses in lineages A and C, and be a key component in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 with this structural loop affecting virus stability and transmission."}, {"pmid": 32360355, "pmcid": "PMC7190502", "title": "COVID-19-associated shortage of alcohol-based hand rubs, face masks, medical gloves and gowns - proposal for a risk-adapted approach to ensure patient and healthcare worker safety.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Kampf, Gunter", "Scheithauer, Simone", "Lemmen, Sebastian", "Saliou, Philippe", "Suchomel, Miranda"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360355", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a huge demand of alcohol-based hand rubs, medical gloves, face masks and gowns in healthcare and from the public. More and more hospitals face a serious shortage of these articles. We propose a risk-adapted approach to ensure adequate patient and healthcare worker safety for as long as possible."}, {"pmid": 32308220, "pmcid": "PMC7144714", "title": "China's Coronavirus-Induced Paralysis Threatens U.S. Drug Supply Chain.", "journal": "Mo Med", "authors": ["Miller, Henry I", "Cohrssen, John J"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308220", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333109, "pmcid": "PMC7181962", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak situation and its psychological impact among surgeons in training in France.", "journal": "World J Urol", "authors": ["Abdessater, Maher", "Roupret, Morgan", "Misrai, Vincent", "Pinar, Ugo", "Matillon, Xavier", "Gondran-Tellier, Bastien", "Freton, Lucas", "Vallee, Maxime", "Dominique, Ines", "Felber, Margaux", "Khene, Zine-Eddine", "Fortier, Edouard", "Lannes, Francois", "Michiels, Clement", "Grevez, Tristan", "Szabla, Nicolas", "Bardet, Florian", "Kaulanjan, Kevin", "Seizilles de Mazancourt, Emilien", "Ploussard, Guillaume", "Pradere, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333109", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373325, "pmcid": "PMC7183249", "title": "Combination of CT and RT-PCR in the screening or diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Wang, Youxin", "Hou, Haifeng", "Wang, Wenrui", "Wang, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373325", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421496, "pmcid": "PMC7234715", "title": "Ibuprofen During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Media Precautions and Implications.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Carius, Brandon M", "Schauer, Steven G"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421496", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506347, "title": "Recommendations to Manage Patients for Bariatric Surgery in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from China.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Dong, Zhiyong", "Zhang, Peng", "Zhu, Jiangfan", "Bai, Jie", "Parmar, Chetan", "Chen, Wenhui", "Hu, Ruixiang", "Wang, Jianxue", "Chong, Tsz Hong", "Jiang, Shuwen", "Yang, Wah", "Gao, Lilian", "Chen, Xiaomei", "Yang, Jingge", "Xia, Zefeng", "Tao, Kaixiong", "Wang, Cunchuan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506347", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446827, "pmcid": "PMC7242179", "title": "Acral findings during the COVID-19 outbreak: Chilblain-like lesions should be preferred to acro-ischemic lesions.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Piccolo, Vincenzo", "Bassi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446827", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363253, "pmcid": "PMC7194060", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Hospitalized Patients with Kidney Disease.", "journal": "Kidney Int Rep", "authors": ["Trujillo, Hernando", "Caravaca-Fontan, Fernando", "Sevillano, Angel", "Gutierrez, Eduardo", "Caro, Jara", "Gutierrez, Elena", "Yuste, Claudia", "Andres, Amado", "Praga, Manuel"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363253", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374466, "pmcid": "PMC7267288", "title": "Rationing Limited Health Care Resources in the COVID-19 Era and Beyond: Ethical Considerations Regarding Older Adults.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Farrell, Timothy W", "Francis, Leslie", "Brown, Teneille", "Ferrante, Lauren E", "Widera, Eric", "Rhodes, Ramona", "Rosen, Tony", "Hwang, Ula", "Witt, Leah J", "Thothala, Niranjan", "Liu, Shan W", "Vitale, Caroline A", "Braun, Ursula K", "Stephens, Caroline", "Saliba, Debra"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374466", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 continues to impact older adults disproportionately with respect to serious consequences ranging from severe illness and hospitalization to increased mortality risk. Concurrently, concerns about potential shortages of healthcare professionals and health supplies to address these issues have focused attention on how these resources are ultimately allocated and used. Some strategies, for example, misguidedly use age as an arbitrary criterion, which disfavors older adults in resource allocation decisions. This is a companion manuscript to the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) position statement, \"Resource Allocation Strategies and Age-Related Considerations in the COVID-19 Era and Beyond.\" It is intended to inform stakeholders including hospitals, health systems, and policymakers about ethical considerations that should be considered when developing strategies for allocation of scarce resources during an emergency involving older adults. This review presents the legal and ethical background for the position statement and discusses the following issues that informed the development of the AGS positions: (1) age as a determining factor; (2) age as a tiebreaker; (3) criteria with a differential impact on older adults; (4) individual choices and advance directives; (5) racial/ethnic disparities and resource allocation; and (6) scoring systems and their impact on older adults. It also considers the role of advance directives as expressions of individual preferences in pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32439820, "title": "Initial experiences of US neurologists in practice during the COVID-19 pandemic via survey.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Sharma, Akanksha", "Maxwell, Christina R", "Farmer, Jill", "Greene-Chandos, Diana", "LaFaver, Kathrin", "Benameur, Karima"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439820", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused widespread disease and death. Rapid increases in patient volumes have exposed weaknesses in healthcare systems and challenged our ability to provide optimal patient care and adequate safety measures to healthcare workers (HCWs). To test the hypothesis that US neurologists were experiencing significant challenges with lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), rapid changes in practice and varying institutional protocols, we conducted this survey study. A 36-item survey was distributed to neurologists around the US through various media platforms. Over a one-week period, 567 responses were received. Of these, 56% practiced in academia. A total of 87% had access to PPE with 45% being asked to reuse PPE due to shortages. The pandemic caused rapid changes in practice, most notably a shift towards providing care by teleneurology, although a third experienced challenges in transitioning to this model. Wide variations were noted both in testing and in the guidance provided for the exposed, sick or vulnerable HCWs. Notably, 59% of respondents felt that their practices were doing what they could, although 56% did not feel safe taking care of patients. Results from our survey demonstrate significant variability in preparedness and responsiveness to the COVID-19 pandemic in neurology, impacted by region, health care setting and practice model. Practice guidelines from professional societies and other national entities are needed to improve protection for physicians and their patients, promote recommended practice changes during a pandemic, and optimize future preparedness for public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32336558, "pmcid": "PMC7102557", "title": "CRT 2020, COVID-19 and beyond.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Revasc Med", "authors": ["Waksman, Ron"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336558", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372843, "pmcid": "PMC7198155", "title": "[Telecardiology in times of the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Postigo, Andrea", "Gonzalez-Mansilla, Ana", "Bermejo, Javier", "Elizaga, Jaime", "Fernandez-Aviles, Francisco", "Martinez-Selles, Manuel"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372843", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383754, "title": "The Disproportionate Burden of COVID-19 for Immigrants in the Bronx, New York.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Ross, Jonathan", "Diaz, Chanelle M", "Starrels, Joanna L"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383754", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352383, "pmcid": "PMC7205032", "title": "COVID-19 and the 5G Conspiracy Theory: Social Network Analysis of Twitter Data.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Ahmed, Wasim", "Vidal-Alaball, Josep", "Downing, Joseph", "Lopez Segui, Francesc"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352383", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of December 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world, which has led to increased discussions across online platforms. These conversations have also included various conspiracies shared by social media users. Amongst them, a popular theory has linked 5G to the spread of COVID-19, leading to misinformation and the burning of 5G towers in the United Kingdom. The understanding of the drivers of fake news and quick policies oriented to isolate and rebate misinformation are keys to combating it. The aim of this study is to develop an understanding of the drivers of the 5G COVID-19 conspiracy theory and strategies to deal with such misinformation. This paper performs a social network analysis and content analysis of Twitter data from a 7-day period (Friday, March 27, 2020, to Saturday, April 4, 2020) in which the #5GCoronavirus hashtag was trending on Twitter in the United Kingdom. Influential users were analyzed through social network graph clusters. The size of the nodes were ranked by their betweenness centrality score, and the graph's vertices were grouped by cluster using the Clauset-Newman-Moore algorithm. The topics and web sources used were also examined. Social network analysis identified that the two largest network structures consisted of an isolates group and a broadcast group. The analysis also revealed that there was a lack of an authority figure who was actively combating such misinformation. Content analysis revealed that, of 233 sample tweets, 34.8% (n=81) contained views that 5G and COVID-19 were linked, 32.2% (n=75) denounced the conspiracy theory, and 33.0% (n=77) were general tweets not expressing any personal views or opinions. Thus, 65.2% (n=152) of tweets derived from nonconspiracy theory supporters, which suggests that, although the topic attracted high volume, only a handful of users genuinely believed the conspiracy. This paper also shows that fake news websites were the most popular web source shared by users; although, YouTube videos were also shared. The study also identified an account whose sole aim was to spread the conspiracy theory on Twitter. The combination of quick and targeted interventions oriented to delegitimize the sources of fake information is key to reducing their impact. Those users voicing their views against the conspiracy theory, link baiting, or sharing humorous tweets inadvertently raised the profile of the topic, suggesting that policymakers should insist in the efforts of isolating opinions that are based on fake news. Many social media platforms provide users with the ability to report inappropriate content, which should be used. This study is the first to analyze the 5G conspiracy theory in the context of COVID-19 on Twitter offering practical guidance to health authorities in how, in the context of a pandemic, rumors may be combated in the future."}, {"pmid": 32365221, "pmcid": "PMC7267633", "title": "Using IL-2R/lymphocytes for predicting the clinical progression of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Exp Immunol", "authors": ["Hou, H", "Zhang, B", "Huang, H", "Luo, Y", "Wu, S", "Tang, G", "Liu, W", "Mao, L", "Mao, L", "Wang, F", "Sun, Z"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365221", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective laboratory markers for the estimation of disease severity and predicting the clinical progression of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is urgently needed. Laboratory tests, including blood routine, cytokine profiles and infection markers, were collected from 389 confirmed COVID-19 patients. The included patients were classified into mild (n\u00a0=\u00a0168), severe (n\u00a0=\u00a0169) and critical groups (n\u00a0=\u00a052). The leukocytes, neutrophils, infection biomarkers [such as C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and ferritin] and the concentrations of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1] were significantly increased, while lymphocytes were significantly decreased with increased severity of illness. The amount of IL-2R was positively correlated with the other cytokines and negatively correlated with lymphocyte number. The ratio of IL-2R to lymphocytes was found to be remarkably increased in severe and critical patients. IL-2R/lymphocytes were superior compared with other markers for the identification of COVID-19 with critical illness, not only from mild but also from severe illness. Moreover, the cytokine profiles and IL-2R/lymphocytes were significantly decreased in recovered patients, but further increased in disease-deteriorated patients, which might be correlated with the outcome of COVID-19. Lymphopenia and increased levels of cytokines were closely associated with disease severity. The IL-2R/lymphocyte was a prominent biomarker for early identification of severe COVID-19 and predicting the clinical progression of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32407466, "pmcid": "PMC7239202", "title": "An inflammatory profile correlates with decreased frequency of cytotoxic cells in COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bordoni, Veronica", "Sacchi, Alessandra", "Cimini, Eleonora", "Notari, Stefania", "Grassi, Germana", "Tartaglia, Eleonora", "Casetti, Rita", "Giancola, Letizia", "Bevilacqua, Nazario", "Maeurer, Markus", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Locatelli, Franco", "De Benedetti, Fabrizio", "Palmieri, Fabrizio", "Marchioni, Luisa", "Capobianchi, Maria R", "D'Offizi, Gianpiero", "Petrosillo, Nicola", "Antinori, Andrea", "Nicastri, Emanuele", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Agrati, Chiara"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407466", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increased production of inflammatory cytokines and myeloid-derived suppressor cells occur in COVID-19 patients. These inversely correlated with perforin-expressing NK and CD3+T-cells. We observed a lower perforin+ NK cells number in intensive care unit (ICU) compared to non-ICU patients, suggesting an impairment of the immune cytotoxic arm as a pathogenic mechanism."}, {"pmid": 32286607, "pmcid": "PMC7184353", "title": "Might renin-angiotensin system blockers play a role in the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Battistoni, Allegra", "Volpe, Massimo"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286607", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a new coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, has spread globally, affecting >200 000 people worldwide with the so-called COVID-19 disease. The scientific community is actively and constantly working to identify the mechanisms involved in the diffusion of this virus and the pathogenesis of the infection, with its most frequent and severe complication, namely interstitial pneumonia. To date, SARS-CoV-2 is known to enter the host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein. For this reason, the hypothesis that drugs capable of increasing the expression of this protein may have a role in the spread of the virus and in the symptomatology of affected patients has taken hold. The purpose of this Editorial is to briefly show the evidence currently available in this regard and to provide ideas for future research."}, {"pmid": 32489176, "pmcid": "PMC7268272", "title": "Rapid response infrastructure for pandemic preparedness in a tertiary care hospital: lessons learned from the COVID-19 outbreak in Cologne, Germany, February to March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Augustin, Max", "Schommers, Philipp", "Suarez, Isabelle", "Koehler, Philipp", "Gruell, Henning", "Klein, Florian", "Maurer, Christian", "Langerbeins, Petra", "Priesner, Vanessa", "Schmidt-Hellerau, Kirsten", "Malin, Jakob J", "Stecher, Melanie", "Jung, Norma", "Wiesmuller, Gerhard", "Meissner, Arne", "Zweigner, Janine", "Langebartels, Georg", "Kolibay, Felix", "Suarez, Victor", "Burst, Volker", "Valentin, Philippe", "Schedler, Dirk", "Cornely, Oliver A", "Hallek, Michael", "Fatkenheuer, Gerd", "Rybniker, Jan", "Lehmann, Clara"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489176", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused tremendous pressure on hospital infrastructures such as emergency rooms (ER) and outpatient departments. To avoid malfunctioning of critical services because of large numbers of potentially infected patients seeking consultation, we established a COVID-19 rapid response infrastructure (CRRI), which instantly restored ER functionality. The CRRI was also used for testing of hospital personnel, provided epidemiological data and was a highly effective response to increasing numbers of suspected COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32296257, "pmcid": "PMC7158768", "title": "[Exercising in times of COVID-19: what do experts recommend doing within four walls?]", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Rodriguez, Miguel Angel", "Crespo, Irene", "Olmedillas, Hugo"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296257", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451971, "pmcid": "PMC7246958", "title": "Hyponatremia, IL-6, and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: may all fit together?", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Berni, A", "Malandrino, D", "Parenti, G", "Maggi, M", "Poggesi, L", "Peri, A"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451971", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363528, "pmcid": "PMC7196441", "title": "Going Viral: Management of IBD in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dig Dis Sci", "authors": ["Gutin, Liat S", "Lam, Angela Y", "Velayos, Fernando S", "Santos, Stephanie A"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363528", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292917, "pmcid": "PMC7151247", "title": "Exploring Personal Protection During High-Risk PCI in a COVID-19 Patient: Impella CP Mechanical Support During ULMCA Bifurcation Stenting.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Bettari, Luca", "Pero, Gaetano", "Maiandi, Cristian", "Messina, Antonio", "Saccocci, Matteo", "Cirillo, Marco", "Troise, Giovanni", "Conti, Elena", "Cuccia, Claudio", "Maffeo, Diego"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292917", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The correct management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and acute coronary syndrome is still uncertain. We describe the percutaneous treatment of an unprotected left main coronary artery in a patient who is positive for coronavirus disease 2019 with unstable angina, dyspnea and fever. Particular attention will be dedicated to the measures adopted in the catheterization laboratory to protect the staff and to avoid further spread of the infection. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.)."}, {"pmid": 32505066, "pmcid": "PMC7245229", "title": "COVID-19: Loss of bridging between innate and adaptive immunity?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Rao, Vishal U S", "Arakeri, Gururaj", "Subash, Anand", "Rao, Jyothsna", "Jadhav, Sachin", "Suhail Sayeed, Mufti", "Rao, Gururaj", "Brennan, Peter A"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505066", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has spread to most countries in the world. However, there are some striking differences in how COVID-19 is behaving in different age groups. While data on COVID-19 is limited, children appear to be less susceptible to severe disease. These unique characteristics may be considered as a potential link to understanding the immune system and response in COVID-19 and lead to an effective cure to the disease. We suggest a possible role of loss of bridging between innate and adaptive immunity in COVID-19 and a potential treatment modality also discussed."}, {"pmid": 32278065, "pmcid": "PMC7141637", "title": "Diarrhea During COVID-19 Infection: Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Management.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["D'Amico, Ferdinando", "Baumgart, Daniel C", "Danese, Silvio", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278065", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) pandemic is a worldwide emergency. An increasing number of diarrhea cases is reported. Here we investigate the epidemiology, clinical presentation, molecular mechanisms, management, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 associated diarrhea. We searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to March 2020 to identify studies documenting diarrhea and mechanism of intestinal inflammation in patients with confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical studies show an incidence rate of diarrhea ranging from 2% to 50% of cases. It may precede or trail respiratory symptoms. A pooled analysis revealed an overall percentage of diarrhea onset of 10.4%. SARS-CoV uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are not only expressed in lung, but also in the small intestinal epithelia. ACE2 is expressed furthermore in the upper esophagus, liver, and colon. SARS-CoV-2 binding affinity to ACE2 is significantly higher (10-20 times) compared with SARS-CoV. Several reports indicate viral RNA shedding in stool detectable longer time period than in nasopharyngeal swabs. Current treatment is supportive, but several options appear promising and are the subject of investigation. Diarrhea is a frequent presenting symptom in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Increasing evidence indicates possible fecal oral transmission, indicating the need for a rapid and effective modification of the screening and diagnostic algorithms. The optimal methods to prevent, manage, and treat diarrhea in COVID-19 infected patients are subjects of intensive research."}, {"pmid": 32490639, "title": "Response to letter to the editor: radiological approaches to COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Akcay, Muserref Sule"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490639", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a letter to response to \"letter to the editor\" about our review article entitled \"Radiological approaches to COVID-19 pneumonia\". Abstract is not required in this format."}, {"pmid": 32521191, "title": "Open questions for harnessing autophagy-modulating drugs in the SARS-CoV-2 war: Hope or Hype?", "journal": "Autophagy", "authors": ["Brest, Patrick", "Benzaquen, Jonathan", "Klionsky, Daniel J", "Hofman, Paul", "Mograbi, Baharia"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521191", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At a time when the world faces an emotional breakdown, crushing our dreams, if not, taking our lives, we realize that together we must fight the war against the COVID-19 outbreak even if almost the majority of the scientific community finds itself confined at home. Every day, we, scientists, listen to the latest news with its promises and announcements. Across the world, a surge of clinical trials trying to cure or slow down the coronavirus pandemic has been launched to bring hope instead of fear and despair. One first proposed clinical trial has drawn worldwide hype to the benefit of chloroquine (CQ), in the treatment of patients infected by the recently emerged deadly coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). We should consider this information in light of the long-standing anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties of CQ-related drugs. Yet, none of the articles promoting the use of CQ in the current pandemic evoked a possible molecular or cellular mechanism of action that could account for any efficacy. Here, given the interaction of viruses with macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy), a CQ-sensitive anti-viral safeguard pathway, we would like to discuss the pros, but also the cons concerning the current therapeutic options targeting this process."}, {"pmid": 32474523, "title": "CSCO ablation expert workshop report: Recommendations for the management of tumor ablation during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic.", "journal": "J Cancer Res Ther", "authors": ["Shen, Yehua", "Cheng, Chien-Shan", "Wang, Peng", "Zhu, Xu", "Lei, Guangyan", "Fang, Yong", "Li, Hailiang", "Fan, Weijun", "Pan, Hongming", "Tang, Zhe", "Ma, Kuansheng", "Li, Xiaoguang", "Lin, Zhengyu", "Zhuang, Yiping", "Ye, Xin", "Zhai, Bo", "Han, Yue", "Huang, Jinhua", "Xu, Huixiong", "Zheng, Rongqin", "Chen, Rufu", "Yu, Jie", "Xu, Dong", "Wang, Zhongmin", "Meng, Zhiqiang"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474523", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic since its outbreak in December 2019, which posed a threat to the safety and well-being of people on a global scale. Cancer patients are at high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and their critical morbidity and case fatality rates are high. The ablation expert committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology compiled corresponding expert recommendations. These recommendations summarize the preventive measures and management of tumor ablation treatment in medical institutions, including outpatient clinics, oncology wards, ablation operation room, and postablation follow-ups in accordance with the guidelines and protocols imposed by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and the experience in management and prevention according to various hospitals. This consensus aims to reduce and prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its cross-infection between cancer patients in hospitals and provide regulatory advice and guidelines for medical personnel."}, {"pmid": 32147944, "title": "Clinical strategies for treating pediatric cancer during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Yang, Chao", "Li, Changchun", "Wang, Shan"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147944", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520589, "title": "Risk of COVID-19 Transmission During Autopsy.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Davis, Gregory G", "Williamson, Alex K"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520589", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372789, "pmcid": "PMC7194888", "title": "Who will get ventilators in a covid-19 crisis?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Klein, Alice"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372789", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "If there is a shortage of breathing machines, doctors and ethicists say priority should go to people with the best chance of recovery, reports Alice Klein."}, {"pmid": 32247320, "pmcid": "PMC7270591", "title": "Fangcang shelter hospitals: a novel concept for responding to public health emergencies.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chen, Simiao", "Zhang, Zongjiu", "Yang, Juntao", "Wang, Jian", "Zhai, Xiaohui", "Barnighausen, Till", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247320", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fangcang shelter hospitals are a novel public health concept. They were implemented for the first time in China in February, 2020, to tackle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The Fangcang shelter hospitals in China were large-scale, temporary hospitals, rapidly built by converting existing public venues, such as stadiums and exhibition centres, into health-care facilities. They served to isolate patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 from their families and communities, while providing medical care, disease monitoring, food, shelter, and social activities. We document the development of Fangcang shelter hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak in China and explain their three key characteristics (rapid construction, massive scale, and low cost) and five essential functions (isolation, triage, basic medical care, frequent monitoring and rapid referral, and essential living and social engagement). Fangcang shelter hospitals could be powerful components of national responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as future epidemics and public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32341922, "pmcid": "PMC7175763", "title": "Managing chronic wounds during novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak.", "journal": "Burns Trauma", "authors": ["Wang, Rui", "Peng, Yanzhen", "Jiang, Yufeng", "Gu, Jianwen"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341922", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339231, "pmcid": "PMC7197553", "title": "Epidemiological characteristics and incubation period of 7,015 confirmed cases with Coronavirus Disease 2019 outside Hubei Province in China.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nie, Xiuquan", "Fan, Lieyang", "Mu, Ge", "Tan, Qiyou", "Wang, Mengyi", "Xie, Yujia", "Cao, Limin", "Zhou, Min", "Zhang, Zhuang", "Chen, Weihong"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339231", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 broke out in Wuhan in December 2019. We utilized confirmed cases outside Hubei Province to analyze epidemiologic characteristics and evaluate the effect of traffic restrictions implemented in Hubei beginning on January 23, 2020. Information on 7,015 confirmed cases from January 19 to February 8, 2020, in all provinces outside Hubei was collected from the national and local health commissions in China. Incubation period and interval times were calculated using dates of the following events: contact with an infected person, onset, first visit and diagnosis. We evaluated changes in incubation period and interval times. The average age of all cases was 44.24 years old. The median incubation period was 5 days and extended from 2 days on January 23 to 15 days on February 8. The proportion of imported cases decreased from 85.71% to 33.19% after January 23. In addition, the lengths of the intervals between onset and diagnosis, onset and first visit, and first visit and diagnosis decreased over time. Rapidly transmitting COVID-19 has a short incubation period. The onset mainly occurs among young to middle-aged adults. Traffic restrictions played an important role in the decreased number of imported cases outside Hubei."}, {"pmid": 32400931, "pmcid": "PMC7272856", "title": "Viral shedding prolongation in a kidney transplant patient with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Man, Zhang", "Jing, Zhang", "Huibo, Shi", "Bin, Liu", "Fanjun, Zeng"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400931", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363255, "pmcid": "PMC7123907", "title": "Investigation into SARS-CoV-2 Resistance of Compounds in Garlic Essential Oil.", "journal": "ACS Omega", "authors": ["Thuy, Bui Thi Phuong", "My, Tran Thi Ai", "Hai, Nguyen Thi Thanh", "Hieu, Le Trung", "Hoa, Tran Thai", "Thi Phuong Loan, Huynh", "Triet, Nguyen Thanh", "Anh, Tran Thi Van", "Quy, Phan Tu", "Tat, Pham Van", "Hue, Nguyen Van", "Quang, Duong Tuan", "Trung, Nguyen Tien", "Tung, Vo Thanh", "Huynh, Lam K", "Nhung, Nguyen Thi Ai"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363255", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Eighteen active substances, including 17 organosulfur compounds found in garlic essential oil (T), were identified by GC-MS analysis. For the first time, using the molecular docking technique, we report the inhibitory effect of the considered compounds on the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein in the human body that leads to a crucial foundation about coronavirus resistance of individual compounds on the main protease (PDB6LU7) protein of SARS-CoV-2. The results show that the 17 organosulfur compounds, accounting for 99.4% contents of the garlic essential oil, have strong interactions with the amino acids of the ACE2 protein and the main protease PDB6LU7 of SARS-CoV-2. The strongest anticoronavirus activity is expressed in allyl disulfide and allyl trisulfide, which account for the highest content in the garlic essential oil (51.3%). Interestingly, docking results indicate the synergistic interactions of the 17 substances, which exhibit good inhibition of the ACE2 and PDB6LU7 proteins. The results suggest that the garlic essential oil is a valuable natural antivirus source, which contributes to preventing the invasion of coronavirus into the human body."}, {"pmid": 32394687, "title": "Chest CT features of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Ufuk, Furkan", "Savas, Recep"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394687", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new type of coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is rapidly spreading worldwide and causes pneumonia, respiratory distress, thromboembolic events, and death. Chest computed tomography (CT) plays an essential role in the diagnosis of viral pneumonia, monitoring disease progression, determination of disease severity, and evaluating therapeutic efficacy. Chest CT can show important clues of 2019-nCoV disease (also known as COVID-19) in patients with an appropriate clinic. Prompt diagnosis of COVID-19 is essential to prevent disease transmission and provide close clinical observation of patients with clinically severe disease. Therefore, radiologists and clinicians should be familiar with the CT imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia. Herein we aimed to review the imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia and to examine the critical points to be considered for imaging in cases with COVID-19 suspicion."}, {"pmid": 32314492, "pmcid": "PMC7235480", "title": "Doxycycline, a widely used antibiotic in dermatology with a possible anti-inflammatory action against IL-6 in COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Conforti, Claudio", "Giuffrida, Roberta", "Zalaudek, Iris", "Di Meo, Nicola"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314492", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506751, "title": "The Importance of Video Visits in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Lindsay, Jan A", "Hogan, Julianna B", "Ecker, Anthony H", "Day, Stephanie C", "Chen, Patricia", "Helm, Ashley"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482990, "title": "Change in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic: shaping plastic surgery services of the future.", "journal": "Plast Reconstr Surg", "authors": ["Shaw, Abigail V", "Goodall, Richard", "Armstrong, Alexander", "Fries, Charles Anton"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482990", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271373, "pmcid": "PMC7184398", "title": "Predictors of refractory Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Abu-Raya, Bahaa"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271373", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504360, "pmcid": "PMC7274073", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants under 1 year of age in Wuhan City, China.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Sun, Dan", "Chen, Xue", "Li, Hui", "Lu, Xiao-Xia", "Xiao, Han", "Zhang, Fu-Rong", "Liu, Zhi-Sheng"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504360", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 in children are different from those in adults. We aimed to describe the characteristics of infants under 1\u00a0year of age (excluding newborns) with COVID-19. We retrospectively retrieved data of 36 infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan Children's Hospital from January 26 to March 22, 2020. Clinical features, chest imaging findings, laboratory tests results, treatments and clinical outcomes were analyzed. The mean age of the infected infants was 6.43\u00a0months, with a range of 2-12\u00a0months. 61.11% of the patients were males and 38.89% females. 86.11% of the infants were infected due to family clustering. Cough (77.78%) and fever (47.22%) were the most common clinical manifestations. Chest CT scan revealed 61.11% bilateral pneumonia and 36.11% unilateral pneumonia. 47.22% of the infants developed complications. Increased leucocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and thrombocytes were observed in 11.11, 8.33, 36.11 and 44.44% of infants, respectively. Decreased leucocytes, neutrophils, thrombocyte and hemoglobin were observed in 8.33, 19.44, 2.78 and 36.11% of infants, respectively. Increased C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase and D-dimer were observed in 19.44, 67.74, 47.22, 19.44, 22.22 and 20.69% of infants, respectively. Only one infant had a high level of creatinine. Co-infections with other respiratory pathogens were observed in 62.86% of infants. CD3 (20.69%), CD4 (68.97%), CD19 (31.03%) and Th/Ts (44.83%) were elevated; CD8 (6.9%) and CD16+CD56 (48.28%) was reduced. IL-4 (7.69%), IL-6 (19.23%), IL-10 (50%), TNF-\u03b1 (11.54%) and IFN-\u03b3 (19.23%) were elevated. Up to March 22, 97.22% of infants recovered, while a critical ill infant died. When the infant's condition deteriorates rapidly, lymphocytopenia was discovered. Meanwhile, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, creatinine, IL-6 and IL-10 increased significantly. In the cohort, we discovered that lymphocytosis, elevated CD4 and IL-10, and co-infections were common in infants with COVID-19, which were different from adults with COVID-19. Most infants with COVID-19 have mild clinical symptoms and good prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32384297, "title": "Using Machine Learning to Estimate Unobserved COVID-19 Infections in North America.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Vaid, Shashank", "Cakan, Caglar", "Bhandari, Mohit"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384297", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases remains a huge challenge. As of April 22, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to take its toll, with >2.6 million confirmed infections and >183,000 deaths. Dire projections are surfacing almost every day, and policymakers worldwide are using projections for critical decisions. Given this background, we modeled unobserved infections to examine the extent to which we might be grossly underestimating COVID-19 infections in North America. We developed a machine-learning model to uncover hidden patterns based on reported cases and to predict potential infections. First, our model relied on dimensionality reduction to identify parameters that were key to uncovering hidden patterns. Next, our predictive analysis used an unbiased hierarchical Bayesian estimator approach to infer past infections from current fatalities. Our analysis indicates that, when we assumed a 13-day lag time from infection to death, the United States, as of April 22, 2020, likely had at least 1.3 million undetected infections. With a longer lag time-for example, 23 days-there could have been at least 1.7 million undetected infections. Given these assumptions, the number of undetected infections in Canada could have ranged from 60,000 to 80,000. Duarte's elegant unbiased estimator approach suggested that, as of April 22, 2020, the United States had up to >1.6 million undetected infections and Canada had at least 60,000 to 86,000 undetected infections. However, the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering data feed on April 22, 2020, reported only 840,476 and 41,650 confirmed cases for the United States and Canada, respectively. We have identified 2 key findings: (1) as of April 22, 2020, the United States may have had 1.5 to 2.029 times the number of reported infections and Canada may have had 1.44 to 2.06 times the number of reported infections and (2) even if we assume that the fatality and growth rates in the unobservable population (undetected infections) are similar to those in the observable population (confirmed infections), the number of undetected infections may be within ranges similar to those described above. In summary, 2 different approaches indicated similar ranges of undetected infections in North America. Prognostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32363205, "pmcid": "PMC7184112", "title": "Epidemiological features and medical care-seeking process of patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "ERJ Open Res", "authors": ["Hua, Jing", "Chen, Rongzhang", "Zhao, Liming", "Wu, Xiaodong", "Guo, Qian", "He, Chunfeng", "Li, Tian", "Ren, Xiaoyu", "Liu, Zhongmin", "Li, Qiang", "Wang, Feilong"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363205", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical features, and medical care-seeking process of patients with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, to provide useful information to contain COVID-19 in other places with similar outbreaks of the virus. We collected epidemiological and clinical information of patients with COVID-19 admitted to a makeshift Fangcang hospital between 7 and 26 February, 2020. The waiting time of each step during the medical care-seeking process was also analysed. Of the 205 patients with COVID-19 infection, 31% had presumed transmission from a family member. 10% of patients had hospital-related transmission. It took as long as a median of 6\u2005days from the first medical visit to receive the COVID-19 nucleic acid test and 10\u2005days from the first medical visit to hospital admission, indicating early recognition of COVID-19 was not achieved at the early stage of the outbreak, although these delays were shortened later. After clinical recovery from COVID-19, which took a mean of 21\u2005days from illness onset, there was still a substantial proportion of patients who had persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The diagnostic evaluation process of suspected patients needs to be accelerated at the epicentre of the outbreak and early isolation of infected patients in a healthcare setting rather than at home is urgently required to stop the spread of the virus. Clinical recovery is not an appropriate criterion to release isolated patients and as long as 4\u2005weeks' isolation for patients with COVID-19 is not enough to prevent the spread of the virus."}, {"pmid": 32283513, "pmcid": "PMC7139240", "title": "Psychiatrist in post-COVID-19 era - Are we prepared?", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Das, Nileswar"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283513", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32047312, "title": "Coronavirus: why a permanent ban on wildlife trade might not work in China.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ribeiro, Joana", "Bingre, Pedro", "Strubbe, Diederik", "Reino, Luis"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32047312", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484915, "title": "Feasibility of Tocilizumab in ICU patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Issa, Nahema", "Dumery, Margot", "Guisset, Olivier", "Mourissoux, Gaelle", "Bonnet, Fabrice", "Camou, Fabrice"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484915", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe COVID-19 causes cytokine release syndrome and is associated with high mortality. In this retrospective case series, all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by semi quantitative RT-PCR and hyperinflammatory markers were treated with tocilizumab. The use of tocilizumab was associated with rapid apyrexia, improvement of respiratory, biological parameters and short length of hospitalization (11 days). Moreover, no adverse effect attributed to the treatment was noticed. Tocilizumab seems to be a promising and safe therapy in severe patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32515899, "title": "SARS-CoV-2: Environment and spread: An annotated selection of World Wide Web sites relevant to the topics in environmental microbiology.", "journal": "Environ Microbiol", "authors": ["Wackett, Lawrence P"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515899", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469251, "title": "The gendered impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): do estrogens play a role?", "journal": "Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care", "authors": ["Grandi, Giovanni", "Facchinetti, Fabio", "Bitzer, Johannes"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469251", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: Although sex-disaggregated data for COVID-19 show equal numbers of cases between men and women, there seem to be sex differences in mortality rate and vulnerability to the disease: more men than women are dying. Methods: We have explored the potential role of estrogens in this COVID-19 gendered impact. Results: Estrogens stimulate the humoral response to viral infections, while testosterone and progesterone give an immune suppression of both innate and cell-mediated immune responses. We hypothesise that estrogens, in particular estradiol but also synthetic estrogen such as ethinylestradiol, could protect women from the most serious complications of COVID-19. The use of medications that keep hormonal levels high and stable, such as combined hormonal contraceptive, could therefore play a protective role. These potential benefits overtake the thrombotic risk in healthy women. As stated by the World Health Organization, all modern methods of contraception were safe to use during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32199469, "pmcid": "PMC7158584", "title": "Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faecal samples.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Wu, Yongjian", "Guo, Cheng", "Tang, Lantian", "Hong, Zhongsi", "Zhou, Jianhui", "Dong, Xin", "Yin, Huan", "Xiao, Qiang", "Tang, Yanping", "Qu, Xiujuan", "Kuang, Liangjian", "Fang, Xiaomin", "Mishra, Nischay", "Lu, Jiahai", "Shan, Hong", "Jiang, Guanmin", "Huang, Xi"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199469", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392351, "title": "Movie Night! An entertaining online educational method for introducing students to common presentations in neurology.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Lubarsky, Stuart"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392351", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475841, "title": "How are family doctors serving the Hong Kong community during the COVID-19 outbreak? A survey of HKCFP members.", "journal": "Hong Kong Med J", "authors": ["Yu, E Y T", "Leung, W L H", "Wong, S Y S", "Liu, K S N", "Wan, E Y F"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475841", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study evaluated the preparedness of family doctors during early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Hong Kong. All members of the Hong Kong College of Family Physicians were invited to participate in a cross-sectional online survey using a 20-item questionnaire to collect information on practice preparedness for the COVID-19 outbreak through an email followed by a reminder SMS message between 31 January 2020 and 3 February 2020. Of 1589 family doctors invited, 491 (31%) participated in the survey, including 242 (49%) from private sector. In all, 98% surveyed doctors continued to provide clinical services during the survey period, but reduced clinic service demands were observed in 45% private practices and 24% public clinics. Almost all wore masks during consultation and washed hands between or before patient contact. Significantly more private than public doctors (80% vs 26%, P<0.001) experienced difficulties in stocking personal protective equipment (PPE); more public doctors used guidelines to manage suspected patients. The main concern of the respondents was PPE shortage. Respondents appealed for effective public health interventions including border control, quarantine measures, designated clinic setup, and public education. Family doctors from public and private sectors demonstrated preparedness to serve the community from the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak with heightened infection control measures and use of guidelines. However, there is a need for support from local health authorities to secure PPE supply and institute public health interventions."}, {"pmid": 32383343, "pmcid": "PMC7267660", "title": "Two patients with acute meningoencephalitis concomitant with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Bernard-Valnet, R", "Pizzarotti, B", "Anichini, A", "Demars, Y", "Russo, E", "Schmidhauser, M", "Cerutti-Sola, J", "Rossetti, A O", "Du Pasquier, R"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383343", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352923, "title": "Response to: Interventional radiology and COVID-19: evidence-based measures to limit transmission.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Rossi, Umberto G", "Petrocelli, Francesco", "Ierardi, Anna Maria", "Cariati, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352923", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279009, "pmcid": "PMC7271068", "title": "COVID-19 checklist: Mask, gloves, and video chatting with grandpa.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Solomon, Haley V"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279009", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423842, "pmcid": "PMC7211752", "title": "False negative chest X-Rays in patients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia and corresponding chest CT findings.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Cellina, M", "Orsi, M", "Toluian, T", "Valenti Pittino, C", "Oliva, G"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423842", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the wide availability, rapid execution, low cost, and possibility of being acquired at the patient's bed, chest X-Ray is a fundamental tool in the diagnosis, follow-up and evaluation of the treatment effectiveness of patients with pneumonia, also in the context of COVID-19 infection. However, false negative cases are possible. We report 4 cases of false negative chest X-Rays, in patients who were diagnosed positive for COVID-19 by real-time transverse-transcript-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and executed chest unenhanced CTs just after the X-Rays, demonstrating signs of COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32434596, "title": "The Use of Telepsychiatry During COVID-19 and Beyond.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["O'Brien, M", "McNicholas, F"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434596", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the traditional practice of psychiatric assessment and treatment via face to face interaction. Telepsychiatry, the delivery of psychiatric care remotely through telecommunications technology, is an existing and under-utilised tool that may help to minimise disruption to patient care. Technological advancement is at a stage where it can facilitate widespread use of this practice; however concerns that limited its expansion previously were not unfounded. This article discusses the use of telepsychiatry in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32515045, "title": "In response to the letter of Montagud-Marrahi et al.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Marcault, Clemence", "Fodil, Sofiane", "Dupont, Thibault", "Darmon, Michael", "Azoulay, Elie"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515045", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interest the correspondence from Montagud-Marrahi et al. putting forward that solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are not at higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection despite their immunosuppression and the mild or atypical nature of their symptoms in their Spanish cohort. In the recent literature, this population achieves a mortality rate between 20% and 52% when they become critically ill. Moreover, as innate immunity is altered by the infection, decreased doses of immunosuppressive drugs should be considered."}, {"pmid": 32419699, "pmcid": "PMC7224645", "title": "The COVID trolley dilemma.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Shao, Connie"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419699", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376653, "title": "Covid-19: Projections of mortality in the US rise as states open up.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376653", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488564, "pmcid": "PMC7264483", "title": "Impact of the COronaVIrus Disease 2019 lockdown on hand and upper limb emergencies: experience of a referred university trauma hand centre in Paris, France centre in Paris, France.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Pichard, Remy", "Kopel, Luc", "Lejeune, Quentin", "Masmoudi, Rafik", "Masmejean, Emmanuel H"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488564", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lockdown imposed in France to cope with the COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has led to major changes in the lifestyle of French citizens. The aim of our study was to study its impact on activity related to emergencies in hand and upper limb trauma in comparison to the same reference period in 2019. All consecutive patients consulting for upper limb injury requiring urgent care at Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP), France, during the lockdown period (case group) and the equivalent period in 2019 (control group) were included. In each group, the type of accident, the anatomical location of the injury, and the treatment were reported and compared. Two hundred seventy-five patients were included in the case group in comparison to 784 patients in the control group. We observed a two-third decrease in the rate of upper limb emergencies (-\u200964.9%) in particular a drastic drop in the rate of road, work, and leisure accidents (10.4% vs 14.3%, p\u2009=\u20090.1151; 10.0% vs 22.6%, p\u2009<\u20090.0001; 13.1% vs 30.8%, p\u2009<\u20090.0001, respectively), and a clear increase in domestic accidents (66.5% vs 32.3%, p\u2009<\u20090.0001). The aetiologies were more dominated by lacerations of soft tissues (48.4%, vs 38.3%, p\u2009=\u20090.0034) and infections (8.7% vs 5.1%, p\u2009=\u20090.0299) with an increase in the indications for surgical management (51.2% vs 36.9%, p\u2009<\u20090.0001). Conversely, we observed fewer consultations for joint injuries (20.7% vs 30.7%, p\u2009=\u20090.0015) and fractures (22.2% vs 25.9%, p\u2009=\u20090.2210). The lockdown imposed in France has changes the etiologies and the management of hand and upper limb emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32314313, "pmcid": "PMC7167495", "title": "Is COVID-19 a proteiform disease inducing also molecular mimicry phenomena?", "journal": "Cell Stress Chaperones", "authors": ["Cappello, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314313", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507397, "title": "Approach to upper GastroIntestinal cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic - Experience from a UK cancer centre.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Bhogal, R H", "Patel, P H", "Doran, S L F", "Zar, S", "Pollok, J M", "Jiao, L R", "Allum, W H", "Chaudry, M A", "Kumar, S"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507397", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417015, "pmcid": "PMC7203033", "title": "Risk of peripheral arterial thrombosis in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Mestres, Gaspar", "Puigmacia, Roger", "Blanco, Carla", "Yugueros, Xavier", "Esturrica, Montserrat", "Riambau, Vincent"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417015", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371564, "title": "Clinical presentation and course of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Miller, Ryan", "Englund, Kristin"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371564", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Information about the clinical presentation and course of COVID-19 is rapidly evolving. Data are emerging from retrospective clinical studies conducted in Wuhan, China, showing the symptoms and characteristics of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, including fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Radiographic data on COVID-19 cases reveal bilateral opacities on chest radiography and ground-glass opacities on computed tomography. Data on laboratory markers and mortality and morbidity are also emerging."}, {"pmid": 32399449, "pmcid": "PMC7213837", "title": "Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: Two Complications of COVID-19 Pneumonia?", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Poggiali, Erika", "Bastoni, Davide", "Ioannilli, Eva", "Vercelli, Andrea", "Magnacavallo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399449", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a worldwide infection which was recently declared a global health emergency by the WHO Emergency Committee. The most common symptoms are fever and cough, which can progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and/or end-organ failure. Risk factors associated with ARDS and death are older age, comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia), neutrophilia, and organ and coagulation dysfunction. Disseminated intravascular coagulation and coagulopathy can contribute to death. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe COVID-19 pneumonia. In this report we describe two patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who developed venous thromboembolism. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism can occur in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.Low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis does not decrease the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 pneumonia.In the presence of clinical signs and/or suspicion of VTE, compression ultrasound and echocardiography should be always performed, irrespective of disease stage."}, {"pmid": 32525506, "title": "Medicaid and COVID-19: At the Center of Both Health and Economic Crises.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Allen, Heidi L", "Sommers, Benjamin D"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525506", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352202, "pmcid": "PMC7267446", "title": "Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of 1,420 European Patients with mild-to-moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "Place, Sammy", "Van Laethem, Yves", "Cabaraux, Pierre", "Mat, Quentin", "Huet, Kathy", "Plzak, Jan", "Horoi, Mihaela", "Hans, Stephane", "Barillari, Maria Rosaria", "Cammaroto, Giovanni", "Fakhry, Nicolas", "Martiny, Delphine", "Ayad, Tareck", "Jouffe, Lionel", "Hopkins, Claire", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352202", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical presentation of European patients with mild-to-moderate Covid-19 infection is still unknown. To study the clinical presentation of Covid-19 in Europe. Patients with positive diagnosis of Covid-19 were recruited from 18 European hospitals. Epidemiological and clinical data were obtained through a standardized questionnaire. Bayesian analysis was used for analyzing the relationship between outcomes. 1,420 patients completed the study (962 females, 30.7% of health care workers). The mean age of patients was 39.17\u00b112.09 years. The most common symptoms were headache (70.3%), loss of smell (70.2%), nasal obstruction (67.8%), cough (63.2%), asthenia (63.3%), myalgia (62.5%), rhinorrhea (60.1%), gustatory dysfunction (54.2%) and sore throat (52.9%). Fever was reported by on 45.4%. The mean duration of Covid-19 symptoms of mild-to-moderate cured patients was 11.5\u00b15.7 days. The prevalence of symptoms significantly varied according to age and sex. Young patients more frequently had ear, nose, and throat complaints, whereas elderly individuals often presented fever, fatigue and loss of appetite. Loss of smell, headache, nasal obstruction and fatigue were more prevalent in female patients. The loss of smell was a key symptom of mild-to-moderate Covid19 patients and was not associated with nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea. Loss of smell persisted at least 7 days after the disease in 37.5% of cured patients. The clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate Covid-19 substantially varies according to the age and the sex characteristics of patients. Olfactory dysfunction seems to be an important underestimated symptom of mild-to-moderate Covid-19 that needs to be recognized as such by the WHO."}, {"pmid": 32329592, "title": "Organization of acute patients' transfer to rehabilitation services during COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Treger, Iuly", "Lutsky Treger, Lena", "Friedman, Alan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329592", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329948, "pmcid": "PMC7264503", "title": "Ethical framework for head and neck cancer care impacted by COVID-19.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Shuman, Andrew G", "Campbell, Bruce H"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329948", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has upended head and neck cancer care delivery in ways unforeseen and unprecedented. The impact of these changes parallels other fields in oncology, but is disproportionate due to protective measures and limitations on potentially aerosolizing procedures and related interventions specific to the upper aerodigestive tract. The moral and professional dimensions of providing ethically appropriate and consistent care for our patients in the COVID-19 crisis are considered herein for head and neck oncology providers."}, {"pmid": 32051072, "title": "[Emergency response plan for the neonatal intensive care unit during epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32051072", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has been spreading in China since December 2019. Neonates are presumably the high-risk population susceptible to 2019-nCoV due to immature immune function. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) should be prepared for 2019-nCoV infections as far as possible. The emergency response plan enables the efficient response capability of NICU. During the epidemic of 2019-nCoV, the emergency response plan for the NICU should be based on the actual situation, including diagnosis, isolation, and treatment, as well as available equipment and staffing, and take into account the psychosocial needs of the families and neonatal care staff."}, {"pmid": 32422662, "title": "[COVID-19 Triage: Who is an inpatient? The Essen triage model].", "journal": "Dtsch Med Wochenschr", "authors": ["Fistera, David", "Risse, Joachim", "Manegold, Randi", "Pabst, Dirk", "Konik, Margarete", "Dolff, Sebastian", "Witzke, Oliver", "Schaarschmidt, Benedikt Michael", "Taube, Christian", "Kill, Clemens", "Holzner, Carola"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422662", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2002Data about optimal initial assessment in patients with suspicion for COVID19-infection or already confirmed infection are sparse. Especially, in preparation for expected mass casualty incident it is necessary to distinguish early and efficiently between outpatient and inpatient treatment including the need for intensive care therapy. \u2002We present a model for a safe and efficient triage, which is established and used in the university hospital of Essen, Germany. It is intended for a non-disaster situation. This model is a combination of clinical assessment by using vital parameters and Manchester triage scale (MTS). Possible additional parameters are POCT (point-of-care-testing) values, electrocardiogram, CT pulmonary angiography, SARS-Cov2-PCR as well as detailed diagnostic of laboratory values. The model was validated by 100 consecutive patients. We demonstrate three patients to illustrate this model. \u2002During the first two weeks after implementing this model in our normal operation at the emergency department, we had an efficient selectivity between need for inpatient and outpatient treatment. 16 patients were classified as \"inpatients\" according to initial assessment. Among 84 patients who were initially classified as \"outpatients\", 7 patients returned to our emergency department within 14 days. Three of these patients returned due to complaints other than COVID19. One female patient had to be admitted due to progressive dyspnea. \u2002This introduced triage-model seems to be an efficient concept. Adjustment might be necessary after further experience and after a growing number of patients."}, {"pmid": 32327490, "title": "Keeping people with epilepsy safe during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["French, Jacqueline A", "Brodie, Martin J", "Caraballo, Roberto", "Devinsky, Orrin", "Ding, Ding", "Jehi, Lara", "Jette, Nathalie", "Kanner, Andres", "Modi, Avani C", "Newton, Charles R", "Patel, Archana A", "Pennell, Page B", "Perucca, Emilio", "Sander, Josemir W", "Scheffer, Ingrid E", "Singh, Gagandeep", "Williams, Emma", "Wilmshurst, Jo", "Cross, J Helen"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide information on the effect of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on people with epilepsy and provide consensus recommendations on how to provide the best possible care for people with epilepsy while avoiding visits to urgent care facilities and hospitalizations during the novel coronavirus pandemic. The authors developed consensus statements in 2 sections. The first was \"How should we/clinicians modify our clinical care pathway for people with epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic?\" The second was \"What general advice should we give to people with epilepsy during this crisis? The authors individually scored statements on a scale of -10 (strongly disagree) to +10 (strongly agree). Five of 11 recommendations for physicians and 3/5 recommendations for individuals/families were rated by all the authors as 7 or above (strongly agree) on the first round of rating. Subsequently, a teleconference was held where statements for which there was a lack of strong consensus were revised. After revision, all consensus recommendations received a score of 7 or above. The recommendations focus on administration of as much care as possible at home to keep people with epilepsy out of health care facilities, where they are likely to encounter COVID-19 (including strategies for rescue therapy), as well as minimization of risk of seizure exacerbation through adherence, and through ensuring a regular supply of medication. We also provide helpful links to additional helpful information for people with epilepsy and health providers. These recommendations may help health care professionals provide optimal care to people with epilepsy during the coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32360585, "pmcid": "PMC7192075", "title": "Current targeted therapeutics against COVID-19: Based on first-line experience in China.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Yue", "Xu, Qianhao", "Sun, Zhuoyan", "Zhou, Lei"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360585", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel strain, causing a global pandemic since the end of 2019. The majority of patients showed nonspecific symptoms such as fever, dry cough, and fatigue. Most patients have a good prognosis while some with severe conditions could rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, coagulation dysfunction, and even die. The exacerbation of the patient's condition may be due to a cytokine storm in the body. Effective targeted therapies including antiviral and immunization are urgently needed. Although many clinical trials are already underway and the majority of patients have received antiviral therapy based on medication experience with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and preliminary results from some clinical trials, there are no antiviral drugs proven to be effective currently. We summarize the current therapeutic medicines used in the clinic, hope to be able to provide some implications for clinical medication."}, {"pmid": 32515363, "title": "[Psychopathological symptoms during Covid-19 quarantine in spanish general population: a preliminary analysis based on sociodemographic and occupational-contextual factors.]", "journal": "Rev Esp Salud Publica", "authors": ["Becerra-Garcia, Juan Antonio", "Gimenez Ballesta, Gala", "Sanchez-Gutierrez, Teresa", "Barbeito Resa, Sara", "Calvo Calvo, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515363", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic disease forced different countries to adopt quarantine measures. These actions could have an impact on mental health in the general population. The objective of this study was to analyze the differences in psychopathological symptoms shown by Spanish general population during the COVID-19 quarantine based on sociodemographic, occupational and environmental-contextual variables. A cross-sectional pilot study was performed in a sample of 151 participants aged between 18-76 years old. The Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire via online was used to measure the severity of psychopathology symptoms. Socio-demographic, environmental and occupational variables were collected with an ad hoc questionnaire. The data were gathered from the 3rd to the 6th of April, 2020. A descriptive and comparative analysis was carried out using parametric contrasts (t test and ANOVA). The younger participants (18-35 years) showed higher levels of hostility (t=2.24; p=0.02), depression (t=2.56; p=0.01), anxiety (t=2.78; p=0.006) and interpersonal sensitivity (t=2.08; p=0.04) than older participants (36-76 years). The active or employed people presented lower values of depressive symptoms (t=2.10; p=0.04) than unemployed people. The participants who dedicate less than 30 minutes on getting informed about COVID-19 showed higher scores for hostility (t=2.36; p=0.02) and interpersonal sensitivity (t=1.98; p=0.04) than participants who indicated dedicating at least 30 minutes. People who played sport daily reported a lower level of somatization symptoms (t=-2.11; p=0.03) than persons that did not play sport. Those who had relatives, acquaintances, etc. with COVID-19 reported higher levels of anxiety (t=2.09; p=0.04) than those who did not have close people infected. Lastly, participants who lived alone showed a higher level of psychoticism (F=3.93; p=0.02) compared to those who lived with more than two people. The findings of this study show that during quarantine can be identified groups with higher psychological vulnerability based on sociodemographic and occupational-contextual factors."}, {"pmid": 32354423, "pmcid": "PMC7185916", "title": "Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Global Pandemic.", "journal": "Knee", "authors": ["Al-Dadah, Oday", "Hing, Caroline"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354423", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519165, "title": "Incidence and consequences of systemic arterial thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Cantador, Estefania", "Nunez, Alberto", "Sobrino, Pilar", "Espejo, Victoria", "Fabia, Lucia", "Vela, Lydia", "de Benito, Luis", "Botas, Javier"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519165", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A high incidence of thrombotic events, particularly deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, has been clearly documented in COVID-19 patients. In addition, small series of patients with coronary, cerebrovascular and peripheral arterial thrombotic events have also been reported, but their true incidence and consequences are not well described, and constitute the objective of this study. From February 1st to April 21st, 2020, 2115 COVID-19 patients were treated at Hospital Universitario Fundaci\u00f3n Alcorc\u00f3n (Madrid, Spain), and 1419 were eventually admitted. Patient characteristics and outcomes were collected by reviewing their electronic medical records. Fourteen patients had a systemic arterial thrombotic event, which represents a 1% incidence in relation to the total number of hospitalized patients. Three patients suffered an acute coronary syndrome, two with persistent ST-segment elevation, one of whom was treated invasively, and one with transient ST-segment elevation. Eight patients had a cerebrovascular event. Six suffered an acute ischemic stroke and two a transient ischemic attack, 50% of them had a Rankin score\u2009\u2265\u20093 at discharge. Three additional patients had a limb thrombotic event, all of them infrapopliteal, and were managed conservatively. All three cases developed necrosis of the toes, two of them with bilateral involvement. The hospitalization death rate of patients with an arterial event was 28.6%. Although COVID-19 may favor the occurrence of thrombotic events, the destabilization and thrombosis of arterial atherosclerotic plaques do not seem to be a frequent mechanism which warrants the need for specific systematic preventive measures."}, {"pmid": 32469687, "title": "Silver Linings: An Opportunity to Improve Clinical Paradigms After the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Hoffman, Hannah I", "Guo, Jimmy A", "Hawkins, Maria A", "Bridgewater, John A", "Wo, Jennifer Y", "Hong, Theodore S", "Hwang, William L"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469687", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445265, "title": "Illicit drug use and harms in Australia in the context of COVID-19 and associated restrictions: Anticipated consequences and initial responses.", "journal": "Drug Alcohol Rev", "authors": ["Dietze, Paul M", "Peacock, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445265", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421390, "title": "Discussing Serious News Remotely: Navigating Difficult Conversations During a Pandemic.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Holstead, Ryan G", "Robinson, Andrew G"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421390", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2020 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has led to an increasing number of telemedicine clinician-patient encounters through telephone or videoconference. This provides a particular challenge in cancer care, where discussions frequently pertain to serious topics and are preferably performed in person. In this review, we use the SPIKES (Setting, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Empathy/Emotion, and Strategy/Summarize) protocol as a framework for how to approach the discussion of serious news through telemedicine. We discuss the practical and technical aspects of preparation for a remote conversation and review some differences, limitations, and advantages of these discussions. The greatest challenge with the medium is the loss of the ability to read and display nonverbal cues. Vigilant attention to proven communication strategies and solicitation of patient involvement with the discussion can allow the care provider to display empathy at a distance. Having serious discussions through telemedicine is likely unavoidable for many providers in this unprecedented time. This summary provides some strategies to help to maintain the high standard of care that we all seek for our patients who are receiving serious news."}, {"pmid": 32407513, "pmcid": "PMC7239103", "title": "Lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 patients: maybe yes, but at what dose?", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Baldelli, Sara", "Corbellino, Mario", "Clementi, Emilio", "Cattaneo, Dario", "Gervasoni, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407513", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503704, "pmcid": "PMC7158805", "title": "ASE Statement on Point-of-Care Ultrasound during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Johri, Amer M", "Galen, Benjamin", "Kirkpatrick, James N", "Lanspa, Michael", "Mulvagh, Sharon", "Thamman, Ritu"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503704", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344366, "pmcid": "PMC7172719", "title": "Focal status epilepticus as unique clinical feature of COVID-19: A case report.", "journal": "Seizure", "authors": ["Vollono, Catello", "Rollo, Eleonora", "Romozzi, Marina", "Frisullo, Giovanni", "Servidei, Serenella", "Borghetti, Alberto", "Calabresi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344366", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, a novel zoonotic coronavirus, is currently spreading all over the world, causing a pandemic disease defined coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The spectrum of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic or mild infection to rapidly progressive, acute respiratory distress syndrome and death [1].To the best of our knowledge, status epilepticus has never been described as initial presentation of COVID-19. We report a patient affected by COVID-19 whose primary presentation was a focal status epilepticus."}, {"pmid": 32278147, "pmcid": "PMC7141629", "title": "Mathematical model of infection kinetics and its analysis for COVID-19, SARS and MERS.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Liang, Kaihao"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278147", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this paper is to reveal the spread rules of the three pneumonia: COVID-19, SARS and MERS. We compare the new spread characteristics of COVID-19 with those of SARS and MERS. By considering the growth rate and inhibition constant of infectious diseases, their propagation growth model is established. The parameters of the three coronavirus transmission growth models are obtained by nonlinear fitting. Parametric analysis shows that the growth rate of COVID-19 is about twice that of the SARS and MERS, and the COVID-19 doubling cycle is two to three days, suggesting that the number of COVID-19 patients would double in two to three days without human intervention. The infection inhibition constant in Hubei is two orders of magnitude lower than in other regions, which reasonably explains the situation of the COVID-19 outbreak in Hubei."}, {"pmid": 32281755, "title": "An account of the first hours of the Covid-19 epidemic at the Nephrology Unit in Lodi (Lombardy).", "journal": "G Ital Nefrol", "authors": ["Farina, Marco", "Barbisoni, Francesco", "Bertacchini, Silvia", "Borettaz, Ilaria", "Bucci, Raffaella", "Maggio, Milena", "Ronga, Chiara"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Marco Farina and colleagues give us their account of the first days of the Covid-19 epidemic in the Nephrology Unit of the Ospedale Maggiore in Lodi. From the news trickling through from Codogno on the 20th of February to the hospitalization, the following day, of the first dialytic patient with signs of pneumonia, who later tested positive to the virus. They tell us of how the hospital has been completely restructured in the wake of the epidemic, at remarkable speed and providing an example for others to follow, and the great sense self-sacrifice displayed by all medical personnel. After an overview of the clinical conditions of the 7 patients positive to the virus hospitalised in the following few days, they describe in some detail how symptomatic Covid+ patients are currently managed at the Ospedale Maggiore in Lodi."}, {"pmid": 32527300, "title": "Will healthcare workers improve infection prevention and control behaviors as COVID-19 risk emerges and increases, in China?", "journal": "Antimicrob Resist Infect Control", "authors": ["Lai, Xiaoquan", "Wang, Xuemei", "Yang, Qiuxia", "Xu, Xiaojun", "Tang, Yuqing", "Liu, Chenxi", "Tan, Li", "Lai, Ruying", "Wang, He", "Zhang, Xinping", "Zhou, Qian", "Chen, Hao"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527300", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 arise global attention since their first public reporting. Infection prevention and control (IPC) is critical to combat COVID-19, especially at the early stage of pandemic outbreak. This study aimed to measure level of healthcare workers' (HCW') self-reported IPC behaviors with the risk of COVID-19 emerges and increases. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals. A structured self-administered questionnaire was delivered to HCWs in selected hospitals. The dependent variables were self-reported IPC behavior compliance; and independent variables were outbreak risk and three intent of infection risk (risk of contact with suspected patients, high-risk department, risk of affected area). Chi-square tests and multivariable negative binomial regression models were employed. A total of 1386 participants were surveyed. The risk of outbreak increased self-reported IPC behavior on each item (coefficient varied from 0.029 to 0.151). Considering different extent of risk, HCWs from high-risk department had better self-reported practice in most IPC behavior (coefficient ranged from 0.027 to 0.149). HCWs in risk-affected area had higher self-reported compliance in several IPC behavior (coefficient ranged from 0.028 to 0.113). However, HCWs contacting with suspected patients had lower self-reported compliance in several IPC behavior (coefficient varied from -\u20090.159 to -\u20090.087). With the risk of COVID-19 emerges, HCWs improve IPC behaviors comprehensively, which benefits for better combat COVID-19. With the risk (high-risk department and affected area) further increases, majority of IPC behaviors achieved improvement. Nevertheless, under the risk of contact with suspected patients, HCWs show worse IPC behaviors. Which may result from higher work load and insufficient supplies and resources among these HCWs. The preparedness system should be improved and medical assistance is urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32293024, "pmcid": "PMC7262305", "title": "Geroscience and the Coronavirus Pandemic: The Whack-a-Mole Approach is not Enough.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Sierra, Felipe"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293024", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506699, "title": "Incidence of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases treated with targeted immunosuppressive drugs: what can we learn from observational data?", "journal": "Arthritis Rheumatol", "authors": ["Favalli, Ennio Giulio", "Monti, Sara", "Ingegnoli, Francesca", "Balduzzi, Silvia", "Caporali, Roberto", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506699", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the incidence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in rheumatic patients treated with targeted synthetic or biological anti-rheumatic drugs (ts/bDMARDs) compared with the general population living in the same Italian region. Patients followed at two referral rheumatology centres in Lombardy from 25th February to 10th April 2020 were invited to participate in a survey to detect patients with confirmed COVID-19, close contacts with known COVID-19 cases, symptoms of infection, working, behavioural and disease management changes applied to prevent the contagion. The incidence of COVID-19 in the Lombardy population was obtained from the National Institute of Statistics. Confirmed COVID-19 was defined by nasopharyngeal swab. The survey was circulated amongst 955 patients (531 rheumatoid arthritis, 203 psoriatic arthritis, 181 spondyloarthritis, and 40 of connective tissue diseases/vasculitides/autoinflammatory diseases; mean age 53.7 years; female: 67.4%). The rate of responders was 98.05%. The incidence of confirmed COVID-19 is consistent with the general population (0.62% vs 0.66%; p=0.92). None of the patients had severe complications or required intensive care treatment, and all of them temporarily discontinued ongoing ts/bDMARDs therapy. Almost all patients adopted precautions to prevent the contagion (90.6%) and maintained the ongoing treatment with ts/bDMARDs (93.2%). The disease activity remained stable in 89.5% of patients. Our results highlight the attitude from rheumatic patients to prevent the contagion while maintaining their chronic treatments. The incidence and severity of COVID-19 in patients treated with ts/bDMARDs was not significantly different from that of the general population in the same region."}, {"pmid": 32126292, "pmcid": "PMC7129040", "title": "COVID-19 in Latin America: The implications of the first confirmed case in Brazil.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Gallego, Viviana", "Escalera-Antezana, Juan Pablo", "Mendez, Claudio A", "Zambrano, Lysien I", "Franco-Paredes, Carlos", "Suarez, Jose A", "Rodriguez-Enciso, Hernan D", "Balbin-Ramon, Graciela Josefina", "Savio-Larriera, Eduardo", "Risquez, Alejandro", "Cimerman, Sergio"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32126292", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241316, "pmcid": "PMC7188691", "title": "Case Report on Early Diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Zhou, Yang", "Yang, Le", "Han, Ming", "Huang, Minqiang", "Sun, Xuedong", "Zheng, Weidong", "Han, Wei", "Wang, Jinhong"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241316", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, spread rapidly throughout China and gradually to some countries abroad. How is the development of an epidemic controlled? Early diagnosis is one of the important contents in prevention and control. COVID-19 patients with early mild pneumonia often lack typical evidence to make a definitive diagnosis. Based on the analysis of the cases of 4 patients, this article finds that early diagnosis requires a combination of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, imaging, and etiology, with particular emphasis on epidemiology history and chest computed tomography (CT) manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32356869, "title": "Public Health Measures and the Reproduction Number of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Inglesby, Thomas V"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356869", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299811, "title": "Covid-19: Japan prepares to extend state of emergency nationwide as \"untraceable\" cases soar.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Looi, Mun-Keat"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299811", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374542, "title": "[COVID-19 and pregnancy].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Masmejan, Sophie", "Pomar, Leo", "Lepigeon, Karine", "Favre, Guillaume", "Baud, David", "Rieder, Wawrzyniec"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374542", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented worldwide health crisis. The increased vulnerability of pregnant women as well as past experience from previous coronavirus epidemics are cause for concern of maternal and fetal complications. The rapid outbreak of the disease combined with the uncertainty, as a direct result of the lack of strong scientific data, has forced obstetricians to adapt their current practices pragmatically. This article reviews obstetrical management of pregnant patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 based on the current knowledge."}, {"pmid": 32530787, "title": "Pandemic Makes Chronic Disease Prevention a Priority.", "journal": "Popul Health Manag", "authors": ["Kmetik, Karen S", "Skoufalos, Alexis", "Nash, David B"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530787", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475539, "pmcid": "PMC7250739", "title": "Re: a British Society of Thoracic Imaging statement: considerations in designing local imaging diagnostic algorithms for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Khan, T", "Lopez, T", "Khan, T", "Ali, A", "Syed, S", "Patil, P", "Hatoum, A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475539", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531806, "title": "Obesity, adipokines and COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Post, Adrian", "Bakker, Stephan J L", "Dullaart, Robin P F"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531806", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to worldwide research aiming to identify the risk factors for developing critical illness and mortality caused by COVID-19. It quickly became apparent that besides older age, obesity is one of the most important risk factors for a more severe course of COVID-19, although the mechanisms remain largely unknown [1-3]. Notably, with respect to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI), evidence is mounting that obesity is a risk factor for ARDS/ALI, but among people with ARDS/ALI, obesity is associated with better outcome, a phenomenon which has been called the \"obesity paradox\" [4,5]."}, {"pmid": 32320564, "title": "First Case of Covid-19 in the United States.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Ren, Chuanli", "Chen, Hui", "Chen, Hou-Zao"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320564", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405247, "pmcid": "PMC7217796", "title": "The Covid-19 pandemic in Denmark: Big lessons from a small country.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Olagnier, David", "Mogensen, Trine H"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405247", "countries": ["Denmark"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Denmark, a Scandinavian country of 5.8 million people has weathered the Covid-19 crisis with a relatively low rate of infection and death. Denmark has also become one of the first European countries to partially re-open its society. We offer the perspective that the combination of rapid response from the government, trust and a high level of confidence in government by Danish citizens, and the importance of social heritage contributed to the effective management of the coronavirus crisis."}, {"pmid": 32236491, "title": "Potential Legal Liability for Withdrawing or Withholding Ventilators During COVID-19: Assessing the Risks and Identifying Needed Reforms.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Cohen, I Glenn", "Crespo, Andrew M", "White, Douglas B"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236491", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268719, "title": "Intubation and mechanical ventilation of patients with COVID-19: what should we tell them?", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Zareifopoulos, Nicholas", "Lagadinou, Maria", "Karela, Anastasia", "Karantzogiannis, Gerasimos", "Velissaris, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268719", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe COVID-19 illness is characterised by the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), for which the mainstay of treatment is represented by mechanical ventilation. Mortality associated with ARDS due to other causes is in the range of 40-60%, but currently available data are not yet sufficient to draw safe conclusions on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients who require mechanical ventilation. Based on data from cohorts of the related coronavirus-associated illnesses, that is to say Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), prognosis would seem to be worse than ARDS due to other causes such as trauma and other infections. Discussion of prognosis is central to obtaining informed consent for intubation, but in the absence of definitive data it is not clear exactly what this discussion should entail."}, {"pmid": 32419177, "title": "Collateral damage of COVID-19 pandemic: Delayed medical care.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Masroor, Saqib"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419177", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, emergency room visits have drastically decreased for non-COVID conditions such as appendicitis, heart attack, and stroke. Patients may be avoiding seeking medical attention for fear of catching the deadly condition or as an unintended consequence of stay-at-home orders. This delay in seeking care can lead to increased morbidity and mortality, which has not been figured in the assessment of the extent of damage caused by this pandemic. This case illustrates an example of \"collateral damage\" caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. What would have been a standard ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with timely and successful stenting of a dominant right coronary artery occlusion, became a much more dangerous postinfarction ventricular septal defect; all because of a 2-day delay in seeking medical attention by an unsuspecting patient."}, {"pmid": 32371164, "pmcid": "PMC7196425", "title": "Recommendations for Essential Esophageal Physiologic Testing During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Lee, Yeong Yeh", "Bredenoord, Albert J", "Gyawali, C Prakash"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371164", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521760, "title": "Diet Supplementation, Probiotics, and Nutraceuticals in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Scoping Review.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Infusino, Fabio", "Marazzato, Massimiliano", "Mancone, Massimo", "Fedele, Francesco", "Mastroianni, Claudio Maria", "Severino, Paolo", "Ceccarelli, Giancarlo", "Santinelli, Letizia", "Cavarretta, Elena", "Marullo, Antonino G M", "Miraldi, Fabio", "Carnevale, Roberto", "Nocella, Cristina", "Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe", "Pagnini, Cristiano", "Schiavon, Sonia", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Frati, Giacomo", "d'Ettorre, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521760", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) global pandemic is a devastating event that is causing thousands of victims every day around the world. One of the main reasons of the great impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on society is its unexpected spread, which has not allowed an adequate preparation. The scientific community is fighting against time for the production of a vaccine, but it is difficult to place a safe and effective product on the market as fast as the virus is spreading. Similarly, for drugs that can directly interfere with viral pathways, their production times are long, despite the great efforts made. For these reasons, we analyzed the possible role of non-pharmacological substances such as supplements, probiotics, and nutraceuticals in reducing the risk of Sars-CoV-2 infection or mitigating the symptoms of COVID-19. These substances could have numerous advantages in the current circumstances, are generally easily available, and have negligible side effects if administered at the already used and tested dosages. Large scientific evidence supports the benefits that some bacterial and molecular products may exert on the immune response to respiratory viruses. These could also have a regulatory role in systemic inflammation or endothelial damage, which are two crucial aspects of COVID-19. However, there are no specific data available, and rigorous clinical trials should be conducted to confirm the putative benefits of diet supplementation, probiotics, and nutraceuticals in the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32345521, "pmcid": "PMC7177112", "title": "Re: Yu Xiao, Kaiyu Qian, Yongwen Luo, et al. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Renal Failure Patients: A Potential Covert Source of Infection. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.025.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["He, Peng", "Wang, Xiaohui", "Li, Hao"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345521", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526275, "title": "Risk factors for disease progression in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients- a multi-center observational study.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Cen, Yuan", "Chen, Xian", "Shen, Ye", "Zhang, Xiao-Hua", "Lei, Yu", "Xu, Cheng", "Jiang, Wen-Rui", "Xu, Hai-Tao", "Chen, Yang", "Zhu, Jie", "Zhang, Li-Li", "Liu, Yu-Hui"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526275", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, patients infected with a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread globally. The risk for poor outcome dramatically increases once a patient progressed to the severe or critical stage. The present study aims to investigate the risk factors for disease progression in mild to moderate cases of COVID-19. We conducted a cohort study which included 1007 mild to moderate cases with COVID-19 from 3 hospitals in Wuhan. Clinical characteristics and baseline laboratory findings were collected. Patients had been followed up for 28\u00a0days for observation of disease progression. The endpoint was the progression to a more severe disease stage. During a follow up of 28\u00a0days, 720 patients (71.50%) had recovered or been symptomatically stable, 222 patients (22.05%) had progressed to the severe stage, 22 patients (2.18%) had progressed to the critically ill stage, 43 patients (4.27%) had deceased. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models identified that increased age (HR 2.56, 95% CI 1.97 to 3.33), male sex (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.28), presence of hypertension (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.88), diabetes (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.44), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.93) and coronary artery disease (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.66) were risk factors for disease progression. History of smoking was protective against disease progression (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.91). Elevated procalcitonin (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.90), urea nitrogen (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.43), \u03b1-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HR 3.02, 95% CI 1.26 to 7.21) and D-dimer (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.58) at baseline were also associated with risk for disease progression. This study identified a panel of risk factors for disease progression in mild to moderate cases with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32219626, "pmcid": "PMC7100444", "title": "Experience of Clinical Management for Pregnant Women and Newborns with Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Tongji Hospital, China.", "journal": "Curr Med Sci", "authors": ["Wang, Shao-Shuai", "Zhou, Xuan", "Lin, Xing-Guang", "Liu, Yan-Yan", "Wu, Jian-Li", "Sharifu, Lali Mwamaka", "Hu, Xiao-Lin", "Rong, Zhi-Hui", "Liu, Wei", "Luo, Xiao-Ping", "Chen, Zhuo", "Zeng, Wan-Jiang", "Chen, Su-Hua", "Ma, Ding", "Chen, Ling", "Feng, Ling"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219626", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on the New Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia (Trial Edition 5), combined with our current clinical treatment experience, we recently proposed a revision of the first edition of \"Guidance for maternal and fetal management during pneumonia epidemics of novel coronavirus infection in the Wuhan Tongji Hospital\". This article focused on the issues of greatest concern of pregnant women including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection diagnostic criteria, inspection precautions, drug treatment options, indications and methods of termination of pregnancy, postpartum fever, breastfeeding considerations, mode of mother-to-child transmission, neonatal isolation and advice on neonatal nursing, to provide valuable experience for better management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and newborns."}, {"pmid": 32476537, "title": "Early experience with COVID-19 patients at academic hospital in Southwestern United States.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Shekhar, Rahul", "Sheikh, Abu Baker", "Upadhyay, Shubhra", "Atencio, Jeanette", "Kapuria, Devika"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476537", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336398, "pmcid": "PMC7180017", "title": "Precaution of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in department of oral and maxillofacial surgery.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Zhao, Zhiguo", "Gao, Dan"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336398", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has presented as a critical period. Until February 23th 2020, more than 77 000 cases of 2019-nCoV infection have been confirmed in China, which has a great impact on economy and society. It has also interferred with ordinary medical practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery seriously. In order to protect oral and maxillofacial surgery medical staff from 2019-nCoV infection during the outbreak period, this paper suggests the necessary medical protective measures for oral and maxillofacial surgery outpatient and ward."}, {"pmid": 32498126, "title": "Beyond the fear: Nurses' experiences caring for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome: a phenomenological study.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Lee, Jin Young", "Hong, Jung Hee", "Park, Eun Young"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498126", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We explored the experiences of Korean nurses who had directly cared for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) to derive the structure and meaning of these experiences. In 2015, the MERS epidemic struck Korea, and ill-prepared nurses had to care for patients with MERS. Nurses experienced conflict between their fear of the disease and their work and professional ethic. We employed a phenomenological qualitative approach. Inductive, qualitative, in-depth interviews were performed with 17 nurses. The study process followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist. The qualitative inductive content analysis generated seven theme cluster and 18 themes. The theme clusters were \"Fear of Uncertainty\", \"Beyond Hesitation\", \"A Scene Like a Battlefield\", \"Chaotic Nursing Identity\", \"Buttresses for Sustainability\", \"Lingering Trauma\" and \"Expanded Horizon of Nursing\". The final analysis revealed that the core theme was \"Beyond the fear of uncertainty\". This study contrives a more in-depth, holistic understanding by describing the experiences of nurses who directly cared for patients with MERS-the first large-scale infectious disease in Korea. Although nurses saw themselves as vital caregivers, they were frightened of the disease, had to work in a harsh environment, experienced various internal conflicts, and had to deal with varying forms of uncertainty. This study sheds light on the nursing situation during crises involving serious infectious diseases; to combat these, more medical facilities are needed, and staff should be proactively guided on how to care for patients. It can serve as part of a good foundation for further study of medical staff during recurring epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32405606, "pmcid": "PMC7219354", "title": "Influence of the containment on the epidemiology of maxillo-facial emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Why no more cellulites of odontogenic origin?", "journal": "J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Kun-Darbois, J D", "Kahn, A", "Corre, P"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405606", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366740, "pmcid": "PMC7242088", "title": "COVID-19 and Avoiding Ibuprofen. How Good Is the Evidence?", "journal": "Am J Ther", "authors": ["Sridharan, Gurusaravanan Kutti", "Kotagiri, Rajesh", "Chandiramani, Vijay H", "Mohan, Babu P", "Vegunta, Rathnamitreyee", "Vegunta, Radhakrishna", "Rokkam, Venkata R P"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366740", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ibuprofen is an over-the-counter medication that is used widely for the treatment of pain and fever during COVID-19 pandemic. A concern was raised regarding the safety of ibuprofen use because of its role in increasing ACE2 levels within the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system. ACE2 is the coreceptor for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells, and so, a potential increased risk of contracting COVID-19 disease and/or worsening of COVID-19 infection was feared with ibuprofen use. However, available data from limited studies show administration of recombinant ACE2 improves lung damage caused by respiratory viruses, suggesting ibuprofen use may be beneficial in COVID-19 disease. At this time, there is no supporting evidence to discourage the use of ibuprofen."}, {"pmid": 32459663, "title": "COVID-19, microangiopathy, hemostatic activation, and complement.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Song, Wen-Chao", "FitzGerald, Garret A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459663", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In COVID-19, complement activation may contribute to hemostatic activation leading to pathological features such as microvascular injury and coagulopathy."}, {"pmid": 32366768, "pmcid": "PMC7219839", "title": "Protecting health-care workers: Use of a Body Covering Transparent Sheet during and after Intubation of Patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Rehm, Markus", "Eichler, Julia", "Meidert, Agnes S", "Briegel, Josef"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366768", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471781, "pmcid": "PMC7255314", "title": "Critical medication shortages further dwindling hospital resources during COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Farrell, Natalija M", "Hayes, Bryan D", "Linden, Judith A"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471781", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405629, "pmcid": "PMC7219960", "title": "COVID-19 and Cancer Patients.", "journal": "Cancer Med J", "authors": ["Patel, Rajvi", "Park, Jennifer", "Shah, Ankit", "Saif, Muhammad Wasif"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405629", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has now been declared a global pandemic with evolving incidence rates and fatalities. It is important to identify vulnerable populations who will be impacted most by this pandemic leading to higher mortality rates compared to the general healthy population. Although older patients and patients with co-morbidities fall into this vulnerable group, patients with hematologic and oncologic malignancies on active cytotoxic treatments are at even greater risk as they are both myelosuppressed and immunosuppressed. In addition to following the universal guidelines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), it is important to also institute guidelines for cancer centers to help protect this vulnerable population. We review the current data, risks, and recommendations for COVID-19 in cancer patients."}, {"pmid": 32293677, "pmcid": "PMC7184435", "title": "Letter: Neurosurgery and Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemic: Doing our Part.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Pesce, Alessandro", "Palmieri, Mauro", "Armocida, Daniele", "Frati, Alessandro", "Santoro, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293677", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413372, "pmcid": "PMC7217077", "title": "Dialysis Care for Undocumented Immigrants With Kidney Failure in the COVID-19 Era: Public Health Implications and Policy Recommendations.", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Rizzolo, Katherine", "Novick, Tessa K", "Cervantes, Lilia"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413372", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475783, "pmcid": "PMC7242959", "title": "Selecting the Most Appropriate Oncological Treatment for Patients with Renal Masses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations from a Referral Center.", "journal": "Eur Urol Focus", "authors": ["Moschovas, Marcio Covas", "Mazzone, Ellio", "Puliatti, Stefano", "Mottrie, Alexandre", "Patel, Vipul"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475783", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425223, "pmcid": "PMC7227607", "title": "COVID-19: The disease of the anthropocene.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["O'Callaghan-Gordo, Cristina", "Anto, Josep M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425223", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432466, "pmcid": "PMC7241733", "title": "Proposed Intranasal Route for Drug Administration in the Management of Central Nervous System Manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah", "Khan, Naveed Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432466", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is mounting evidence of the central nervous system manifestations associated with COVID-19, particularly in severe cases. Up to 25% of COVID-19 cases exhibit neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19. In view of the devastating nature of the disease due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, here we debate intranasal drug delivery, in addition to intravenous delivery, as a therapeutic strategy in the management of COVID-19 cases with central nervous system involvement."}, {"pmid": 32267140, "title": "Rapid progression of inflammatory pulmonary infiltrates in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in a young man.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Czarnecki, Marcin", "Janocha-Litwin, Justyna", "Rostkowska-Bialas, Karolina", "Zielinska, Kamila", "Simon, Krzysztof"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267140", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518439, "pmcid": "PMC7269973", "title": "Major testing issues in US.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Barras, Colin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518439", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Delays and restrictions on who can be tested for the covid-19 virus in the US have raised the risk that it is spreading undetected, reports Colin Barras."}, {"pmid": 32507233, "title": "The role of scientific journal editors during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Matias-Guiu, J"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507233", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492478, "pmcid": "PMC7261351", "title": "Treating COVID-19 with colchicine in community healthcare setting.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Della-Torre, Emanuel", "Della-Torre, Fabrizio", "Kusanovic, Marija", "Scotti, Raffaella", "Ramirez, Giuseppe-Alvise", "Dagna, Lorenzo", "Tresoldi, Moreno"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492478", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464127, "pmcid": "PMC7247469", "title": "RE: Re: Yu et al: Assessing Viral Shedding and Infectivity of Tears in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Yu Jun, Ivan Seah", "Anderson, Danielle E", "Wang, Lin-Fa", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Lye, David Chien", "Agrawal, Rupesh"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464127", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287142, "pmcid": "PMC7173403", "title": "Pediatric Airway Management in COVID-19 patients - Consensus Guidelines from the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia's Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative and the Canadian Pediatric Anesthesia Society.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Matava, Clyde T", "Kovatsis, Pete G", "Summers, Jennifer Lee", "Castro, Pilar", "Denning, Simon", "Yu, Julie", "Lockman, Justin L", "Von Ungern-Sternberg, Britta", "Sabato, Stefano", "Lee, Lisa K", "Ayad, Ihab", "Mireles, Sam", "Lardner, David", "Whyte, Simon", "Szolnoki, Judit", "Jagannathan, Narasimhan", "Thompson, Nicole", "Stein, Mary Lyn", "Dalesio, Nicholas", "Greenberg, Robert", "McCloskey, John", "Peyton, James", "Evans, Faye", "Haydar, Bishr", "Reynolds, Paul", "Chiao, Franklin", "Taicher, Brad", "Templeton, Thomas", "Bhalla, Tarun", "Raman, Vidya T", "Garcia-Marcinkiewicz, Annery", "Galvez, Jorge", "Tan, Jonathan", "Rehman, Mohamed", "Crockett, Christy", "Olomu, Patrick", "Szmuk, Peter", "Glover, Chris", "Matuszczak, Maria", "Galvez, Ignacio", "Hunyady, Agnes", "Polaner, David", "Gooden, Cheryl", "Hsu, Grace", "Gumaney, Harshad", "Perez-Pradilla, Caroline", "Kiss, Edgar E", "Theroux, Mary C", "Lau, Jennifer", "Asaf, Saeedah", "Ingelmo, Pablo", "Engelhardt, Thomas", "Hervias, Monica", "Greenwood, Eric", "Javia, Luv", "Disma, Nicola", "Yaster, Myron", "Fiadjoe, John E"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287142", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged medical systems and clinicians globally to unforeseen levels. COVID-19's rapid spread has forced clinicians to care for patients with a highly contagious disease without evidence-based guidelines. Using a virtual modified nominal group technique, the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative (PeDI-C), which currently includes 35 hospitals from six countries, generated consensus guidelines on airway management in pediatric anesthesia based on expert opinion and early data about the disease. The PeDI-C identified overarching goals during care, including minimizing aerosolized respiratory secretions, minimizing the number of clinicians in contact with a patient, and recognizing that undiagnosed asymptomatic patients may shed the virus and infect healthcare workers. Recommendations include administering anxiolytic medications, intravenous anesthetic inductions, tracheal intubation using video laryngoscopes and cuffed tracheal tubes, use of in-line suction catheters, and modifying workflow to recover patients from anesthesia in the operating room. Importantly, the PeDI-C recommends that anesthesiologists consider using appropriate personal protective equipment when performing aerosol-generating medical procedures in asymptomatic children, in addition to known or suspected children with COVID-19. Airway procedures should be done in negative pressure rooms when available. Adequate time should be allowed for operating room cleaning and air filtration between surgical cases. Research using rigorous study designs is urgently needed to inform safe practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. Until further information is available, the PeDI-C advises that clinicians consider these guidelines to enhance the safety of health care workers during airway management when performing aerosol-generating medical procedures. These guidelines have been endorsed by the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia and the Canadian Pediatric Anesthesia Society."}, {"pmid": 32347144, "title": "Current perspectives on Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiovascular disease: A white paper by the JAHA editors.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Gupta, Ajay K", "Jneid, Hani", "Addison, Daniel", "Ardehali, Hossein", "Boehme, Amelia K", "Borgaonkar, Sanket", "Boulestreau, Romain", "Clerkin, Kevin", "Delarche, Nicolas", "DeVon, Holli A", "Grumbach, Isabella M", "Gutierrez, Jose", "Jones, Daniel A", "Kapil, Vikas", "Maniero, Carmela", "Mentias, Amgad", "Miller, Pamela S", "May Ng, Sher", "Parekh, Jai D", "Sanchez, Reynaldo H", "Teodor Sawicki, Konrad", "S J M Te Riele, Anneline", "Ann Remme, Carol", "London, Barry"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347144", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 3.0 million people worldwide and killed more than 200,000 as of April 27, 2020. In this White Paper, we address the cardiovascular co-morbidities of COVID-19 infection; the diagnosis and treatment of standard cardiovascular conditions during the pandemic; and the diagnosis and treatment of the cardiovascular consequences of COVID-19 infection. In addition, we will also address various issues related to the safety of healthcare workers and the ethical issues related to patient care in this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32410234, "pmcid": "PMC7272953", "title": "Use of subcutaneous tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Mazzitelli, Maria", "Arrighi, Eugenio", "Serapide, Francesca", "Pelle, Maria Chiara", "Tassone, Bruno", "Lionello, Rosaria", "Marrazzo, Giuseppina", "Lagana, Domenico", "Costanzo, Francesco Saverio", "Matera, Giovanni", "Trecarichi, Enrico Maria", "Torti, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410234", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the last months, pandemic SARS-CoV-2 caused a significant challenge for clinicians. Unfortunately, no approved and validated treatments are available. Intravenous tocilizumab, an antirheumatic drug, seems to be promising in counteracting cytokine storm caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection with associated clinical improvements. We report herein a case series of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were treated with tocilizumab administrated, for the first time, subcutaneously with good clinical and radiological outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32522507, "title": "Risk of Severe COVID-19 in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in United States. A Multicenter Research Network Study.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Singh, Shailendra", "Khan, Ahmad", "Chowdhry, Monica", "Bilal, Mohammad", "Kochhar, Gursimran S", "Clarke, Kofi"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522507", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219995, "title": "Safe delivery for pregnancies affected by COVID-19.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Qi, H", "Luo, X", "Zheng, Y", "Zhang, H", "Li, J", "Zou, L", "Feng, L", "Chen, D", "Shi, Y", "Tong, C", "Baker, P N"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219995", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299782, "pmcid": "PMC7270554", "title": "Rapid Scholarly Dissemination and Cardiovascular Community Engagement to Combat the Infodemic of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Vervoort, Dominique", "Ma, Xiya", "Luc, Jessica G Y", "Zieroth, Shelley"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299782", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283498, "pmcid": "PMC7194797", "title": "COVID-19: From bench to bed side.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Akriti", "Shaikh, Altamash", "Singh, Ritu", "Singh, Awadhesh Kumar"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283498", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The last two decades have experienced the outbreaks of three different coronaviruses in the different parts of the world namely; Severe acute respiratory syndrome cornonavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe acute respiratory syndrome cornonavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). We aimed to delineate the differences in viral dynamics and clinical features between them and tried to focus on every basic details of SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) that every health care provider must know. We systematically searched the PubMed database up till April 2, 2020 and retrieved all the articles published on SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV that dealt with viral dynamics. Ample data is available to suggest the differences in etiology, transmission cycle, diagnosis, genetics, hosts, reproductive rates, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis and radiological features between SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Although SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is more infectious than SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, most infections are generally mild and self-limiting. However, case-fatality rates are very high in patients with COVID-19 with comorbidities, compared to SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV."}, {"pmid": 32307189, "pmcid": "PMC7151386", "title": "Audiological profile of asymptomatic Covid-19 PCR-positive cases.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Mustafa, M W M"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307189", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current study compared the amplitude of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and thresholds of pure-tone audiometry between asymptomatic COVID-19 PCR-positive cases and normal non-infected subjects. Twenty cases who were confirmed positive for COVID-19 and had none of the known symptoms for this viral infection formed the test group. Their age ranged between 20 and 50\u00a0years to avoid any age-related hearing affection. Patients who had definite symptoms of COVID-19 infection as well as those who had a history of hearing loss or a history of any known cause of hearing loss were excluded from the examined sample. TEOAEs amplitude was measured for all participants. The high frequency pure-tone thresholds as well as the TEOAE amplitudes were significantly worse in the test group. COVID-19 infection could have deleterious effects on cochlear hair cell functions despite being asymptomatic. The mechanism of these effects requires further research."}, {"pmid": 32431255, "pmcid": "PMC7267055", "title": "Principles of mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kuzman, Martina Rojnic", "Curkovic, Marko", "Wasserman, Danuta"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431255", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the basic principles of mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic that should be endorsed by the mental health professional associations and incorporated in the health strategies for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main principle is that there should be no substantial differences in the provision of health care for COVID-19 between persons with pre-existing mental health disorders and the ones without previous disorders. Subsequently, the organization of the health care should reflect that as well. These principles should (a) prevent the possible effects of stigmatizing attitudes toward mental health issues, possibly leading to potentially deleterious situations, such as psychiatric patients being treated (even temporarily) separately from other patients, in psychiatric facilities, where the staff is not equipped and trained adequately for the management of COVID-19; (b) highlight the fact that patients with mental health disorders are at greater risk for developing serious complications of COVID-19 infection due to other factors-they often smoke and have comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, all associated with higher morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection; (c) highlight that measures should be taken to minimize the risk of the spread of infection in psychiatric wards/institutions; (d) provide a general framework for the reorganization of mental health services toward the provision of services for persons in need, including frontline medical workers and patients with COVID-19 without previous mental health problems as well as for persons with pre-existing mental health problems under new circumstances of pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32271455, "title": "Successful treatment of COVID-19 using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, a case report.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Zhan, W-Q", "Li, M-D", "Xu, M", "Lu, Y-B"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271455", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the end of 2019, COVID-19 has been prevalent in Wuhan, China, and has been rapidly spreading to mainland China. Currently, more than 80,000 people have been infected, of which over 10,000 were severely ill and had characteristics of dyspnea and hypoxemia about one week after onset. Severe patients had rapidly progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), causing multiple organ failures and even death, with a mortality rate of nearly 4.3%. The treatment of severe COVID-19 patients has been rarely reported. This study reported a successful example of a severe COVID-19 patient with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) technology in our hospital. This experience revealed that the early application of ECMO can dramatically promote the recovery of severe COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32212059, "pmcid": "PMC7095399", "title": "COVID-19 containment: China provides important lessons for global response.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Shuxian", "Wang, Zezhou", "Chang, Ruijie", "Wang, Huwen", "Xu, Chen", "Yu, Xiaoyue", "Tsamlag, Lhakpa", "Dong, Yinqiao", "Wang, Hui", "Cai, Yong"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212059", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world must act fast to contain wider international spread of the epidemic of COVID-19 now. The unprecedented public health efforts in China have contained the spread of this new virus. Measures taken in China are currently proven to reduce human-to-human transmission successfully. We summarized the effective intervention and prevention measures in the fields of public health response, clinical management, and research development in China, which may provide vital lessons for the global response. It is really important to take collaborative actions now to save more lives from the pandemic of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32472454, "pmcid": "PMC7258607", "title": "Challenges in early phase clinical trials for childhood cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from the new agents group of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (SEHOP).", "journal": "Clin Transl Oncol", "authors": ["Rubio-San-Simon, A", "Verdu-Amoros, J", "Hladun, R", "Juan-Ribelles, A", "Molero, M", "Guerra-Garcia, P", "Perez-Martinez, A", "Castaneda, A", "Canete, A", "de Rojas, T", "Moreno, L", "Bautista, F"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472454", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has forced healthcare stakeholders towards challenging decisions. We analyse the impact of the pandemic on the conduct of phase I-II trials for paediatric cancer during the first month of state of alarm in Spain. A questionnaire was sent to all five ITCC-accredited Spanish Paediatric Oncology Early Phase Clinical Trial Units, including questions about impact on staff activities, recruitment, patient care, supply of investigational products, and legal aspects. All units suffered personnel shortages and difficulties in enrolling patients, treatment continuity, or performing trial assessments. Monitoring activity was frequently postponed (73%), and 49% of on-going trials interrupted recruitment. Only two patients could be recruited during this period (75% reduction in the expected rate). The COVID-19 crisis has significantly impacted clinical research practice and access to innovation for children with cancer. Structural and functional changes are under way to better cope with the expected future restrictions."}, {"pmid": 32327247, "pmcid": "PMC7165122", "title": "The role of emergency medical services in containing COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Jaffe, Eli", "Strugo, Refael", "Bin, Eli", "Blustein, Oren", "Rosenblat, Ido", "Alpert, Evan Avraham", "Sonkin, Roman"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327247", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414550, "pmcid": "PMC7151327", "title": "ST-segment Elevation, Myocardial Injury, and Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Patients: Diagnostic and Treatment Uncertainties.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Bennett, Courtney E", "Anavekar, Nandan S", "Gulati, Rajiv", "Singh, Mandeep", "Kane, Garvan C", "Sandoval, Yader", "Foley, Thomas A", "Jaffe, Allan S", "Sandhu, Gurpreet S", "Bell, Malcolm R", "Askew, J Wells"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414550", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301757, "title": "Interpretations of \"Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7)\".", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Zhao, Jing-Ya", "Yan, Jia-Yang", "Qu, Jie-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301757", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334409, "pmcid": "PMC7165107", "title": "Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, Amir"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334409", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study is aimed to assess the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. The online questionnaire surveyed 10,754 individuals from the general population of 31 provinces of Iran who completed the questionnaire on social networks from March 1 to March 9, 2020. The inferential statistics suggests that the level of anxiety was higher among women (95 % CI [0.1, 81.36], p\u202f<\u202f0.001), people who more followed corona-related news (p\u202f<\u202f0.001) and the age group of 21-40 years (p\u202f<\u202f0.001). Ultimately, the level of anxiety was significantly higher among people who had at least one family member, relative, or friend who contracted COVID-19 disease (95 % CI [1.2, 35.03], p\u202f<\u202f0.001). The health care system should adopt a package of psychosocial interventions to reduce the anxiety of high risk groups."}, {"pmid": 32505217, "title": "ECMO use in COVID-19: lessons from past respiratory virus outbreaks-a narrative review.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Cho, Hwa Jin", "Heinsar, Silver", "Jeong, In Seok", "Shekar, Kiran", "Li Bassi, Gianluigi", "Jung, Jae Seung", "Suen, Jacky Y", "Fraser, John F"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505217", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to grow exponentially in most countries, posing an unprecedented burden on the healthcare sector and the world economy. Previous respiratory virus outbreaks, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), pandemic H1N1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), have provided significant insights into preparation and provision of intensive care support including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Many patients have already been supported with ECMO during the current COVID-19 pandemic, and it is likely that many more may receive ECMO support, although, at this point, the role of ECMO in COVID-19-related cardiopulmonary failure is unclear. Here, we review the experience with the use of ECMO in the past respiratory virus outbreaks and discuss potential role for ECMO in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32308568, "pmcid": "PMC7157964", "title": "The coronavirus pandemic and aerosols: Does COVID-19 transmit via expiratory particles?", "journal": "Aerosol Sci Technol", "authors": ["Asadi, Sima", "Bouvier, Nicole", "Wexler, Anthony S", "Ristenpart, William D"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308568", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203977, "title": "Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Onder, Graziano", "Rezza, Giovanni", "Brusaferro, Silvio"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203977", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506779, "title": "Concerns and Fears of Indian Dentists on Professional Practice During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Kinariwala, Niraj", "Perera Samaranayake, Lakshman", "Perera, Irosha", "Patel, Zeal"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506779", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization on 30th of January 2020 (World Health Organization, 2020). The first case of COVID-19 was reported in India on the same day, and at the time of writing, on 20th May 2020, India has reported over 106,000 patients, with over 3,300 related deaths. The country is under a state of lockdown since 25th March, 2020, and over 600 health care providers have been infected."}, {"pmid": 32404491, "title": "Clinical and health policy challenges in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Singer, Donald"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404491", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438948, "pmcid": "PMC7267102", "title": "Just the facts: What drugs are safe and effective for COVID-19?", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Long, Brit", "Liang, Stephen Y", "Rosenberg, Hans", "Hicks, Christopher", "Gottlieb, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438948", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 53-year-old male presents with cough, fever, and myalgias for 7 days. Vitals include temperature, 38.0\u00b0C; heart rate, 110; blood pressure, 118/70\u00a0mm Hg; respiration rate, 28; and oxygen saturation 83% on room air. His only past medical history is hypertension. Your community is in the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The patient is hypoxic but responds to oxygen supplementation with nasal cannula and a face mask. His chest x-ray demonstrates multifocal infiltrates. Are there any therapeutic agents currently available for COVID-19?"}, {"pmid": 32055945, "pmcid": "PMC7087663", "title": "Initial CT findings and temporal changes in patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia (2019-nCoV): a study of 63 patients in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Pan, Yueying", "Guan, Hanxiong", "Zhou, Shuchang", "Wang, Yujin", "Li, Qian", "Zhu, Tingting", "Hu, Qiongjie", "Xia, Liming"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32055945", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to observe the imaging characteristics of the novel coronavirus pneumonia. Sixty-three confirmed patients were enrolled from December 30, 2019 to January 31, 2020. High-resolution CT (HRCT) of the chest was performed. The number of affected lobes, ground glass nodules (GGO), patchy/punctate ground glass opacities, patchy consolidation, fibrous stripes and irregular solid nodules in each patient's chest CT image were recorded. Additionally, we performed imaging follow-up of these patients. CT images of 63 confirmed patients were collected. M/F ratio: 33/30. The mean age was 44.9 \u00b1 15.2 years. The mean number of affected lobes was 3.3 \u00b1 1.8. Nineteen (30.2%) patients had one affected lobe, five (7.9%) patients had two affected lobes, four (6.3%) patients had three affected lobes, seven (11.1%) patients had four affected lobes while 28 (44.4%) patients had 5 affected lobes. Fifty-four (85.7%) patients had patchy/punctate ground glass opacities, 14 (22.2%) patients had GGO, 12 (19.0%) patients had patchy consolidation, 11 (17.5%) patients had fibrous stripes and 8 (12.7%) patients had irregular solid nodules. Fifty-four (85.7%) patients progressed, including single GGO increased, enlarged and consolidated; fibrous stripe enlarged, while solid nodules increased and enlarged. Imaging changes in novel viral pneumonia are rapid. The manifestations of the novel coronavirus pneumonia are diverse. Imaging changes of typical viral pneumonia and some specific imaging features were observed. Therefore, we need to strengthen the recognition of image changes to help clinicians to diagnose quickly and accurately. \u2022 High-resolution CT (HRCT) of the chest is critical for early detection, evaluation of disease severity and follow-up of patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia. \u2022 The manifestations of the novel coronavirus pneumonia are diverse and change rapidly. \u2022 Radiologists should be aware of the various features of the disease and temporal changes."}, {"pmid": 32317808, "pmcid": "PMC7171916", "title": "[COVID-19 in hospitalized children and adolescents].", "journal": "Monatsschr Kinderheilkd", "authors": ["Streng, A", "Hartmann, K", "Armann, J", "Berner, R", "Liese, J G"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317808", "countries": ["China", "Germany"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical knowledge about the course, complications and treatment of COVID-19 in children and adolescents is so far limited. This systematic review summarizes the current scientific evidence regarding the clinical presentation of COVID-19 in hospitalized children based on available case series from China. In addition, first data from a\u00a0nationwide pediatric hospital survey conducted by the German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI) are presented. This study evaluated 12 case series from China with 6-2143 children infected with SARS-CoV\u20112, which were identified by a literature search in PubMed up to 31 March 2020. The database of the German nationwide DGPI COVID-19 survey was accessed on 6 April 2020. The median patient age in the case series was between 2 and 7\u00a0years and 18-45% were infants <1\u00a0year of age. The duration of hospital stay was 5-20\u00a0days. Most commonly reported symptoms were fever and cough; in 40-100% of cases involvement of the lower respiratory tract was reported, usually confirmed by computed tomography (CT). Severe and critical courses of disease were reported in up to 8% of the children including 2 fatalities. So far the German DGPI COVID-19 survey reported 33\u00a0hospitalized children up to 6 April 2020, mostly with upper airway infections. Of these children, 45% were infants and 32% had an underlying medical condition. So far 3\u00a0children (9%) needed admission to an intensive care unit. COVID-19 in hospitalized children usually presented as an uncomplicated febrile upper airway infection or mild pneumonia. Severe cases or fatalities rarely occurred in children. Information on neonates and children with underlying chronic conditions as well as on therapeutic and preventive measures are urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32496261, "title": "How Indians responded to the Arogya Setu app?", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Kodali, Prakash Babu", "Hense, Sibasis", "Kopparty, Swarajya", "Kalapala, Gangadhar Rao", "Haloi, Banashri"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496261", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The mHealth app Arogya Setu can substantially contribute to the containment and management of COVID-19. This study explores the experiences and expectations of Arogya Setu app users by conducting a combined content analysis of their reviews. Five hundred and three most relevant reviews were analyzed using the descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The reviews are primarily posted in the areas of user acceptance (80%), app usefulness (72.8%), and app features (62.2%). The thematic analysis resulted in four themes: user acceptance, app usefulness, promptness of the Indian Government in bringing the app on time, and concerns and cautions raised by the users. These help in strengthening the app features enabling the real-time data capture and analytics and providing timely information to authorities for better decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32347928, "pmcid": "PMC7197614", "title": "Postponement of Frontiers in Cardiovascular Biomedicine (FCVB) 2020 due to COVID-19: a look forward to 2021.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Res", "authors": ["Ferdinandy, Peter", "Koller, Akos", "Weber, Christian", "Waltenberger, Johannes"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347928", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417708, "pmcid": "PMC7215156", "title": "\"Hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis.\"", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Singh, Akriti", "Singh, Ritu", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417708", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the treatment of COVID-19 is not fully known. We studied the efficacy of HCQ compared to the control in COVID-19 subjects on - a. viral clearance measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and, b. death due to all cause. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and MedRxiv database were searched using the specific keywords up to April 30, 2020. Studies that met our objectives were assessed for the risk of bias applying various tools as indicated. Three studies each that reported the outcome of viral clearance by RT-PCR and death due to all cause, were meta-analyzed by applying inverse variance-weighted averages of logarithmic risk ratio (RR) using a random effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using the I2 statistic and funnel plots, respectively. Meta-analysis of 3 studies (n\u00a0=\u00a0210) on viral clearance assessed by RT-PCR showed no benefit (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.38; p\u00a0=\u00a00.74), although with a moderate heterogeneity (I2\u00a0=\u00a061.7%, p\u00a0=\u00a00.07). While meta-analysis of 3 studies (n\u00a0=\u00a0474) showed a significant increase in death with HCQ, compared to the control (RR, 2.17; 95% 1.32 to 3.57; p\u00a0=\u00a00.002), without any heterogeneity (I2\u00a0=\u00a00.0%, p\u00a0=\u00a00.43). No benefit on viral clearance but a significant increase in mortality was observed with HCQ compared to control in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32298644, "pmcid": "PMC7195084", "title": "Three lessons for the COVID-19 response from pandemic HIV.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Hargreaves, James", "Davey, Calum"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298644", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359867, "pmcid": "PMC7177134", "title": "Impact of gender on extent of lung injury in COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Dangis, A", "De Brucker, N", "Heremans, A", "Gillis, M", "Frans, J", "Demeyere, A", "Symons, R"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359867", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476155, "title": "Management of patients with ovarian cancer in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Bogani, Giorgio", "Casarin, Jvan", "Pinelli, Ciro", "Di Donato, Violante", "Bosio, Sara", "Ruisi, Simona", "Brusadelli, Claudia", "Guerrisi, Rocco", "Sarpietro, Giuseppe", "Ditto, Antonino", "Ghezzi, Fabio", "Raspagliesi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476155", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the beginning of 2020,\u00a0coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads worldwide. Patients with ovarian cancer should be considered at high-risk of developing severe morbidity related to COVID-19. Most of them are diagnosed in advanced stages of disease, and they are fragile. Here, we evaluated the major impact of COVID-19 on patients with ovarian cancer, discussing the effect of the outbreak on medical and surgical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32528725, "pmcid": "PMC7253471", "title": "Single-copy sensitive, field-deployable, and simultaneous dual-gene detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via modified RT-RPA.", "journal": "Cell Discov", "authors": ["Xia, Simin", "Chen, Xi"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528725", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333166, "pmcid": "PMC7180646", "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome following COVID-19: new infection, old complication?", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Padroni, Marina", "Mastrangelo, Vincenzo", "Asioli, Gian Maria", "Pavolucci, Lucia", "Abu-Rumeileh, Samir", "Piscaglia, Maria Grazia", "Querzani, Pietro", "Callegarini, Claudio", "Foschi, Matteo"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333166", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404672, "pmcid": "PMC7268842", "title": "Virtual Surgical Training During COVID-19: Operating Room Simulation Platforms Accessible from Home.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["McKechnie, Tyler", "Levin, Marc", "Zhou, Kelvin", "Freedman, Benjamin", "Palter, Vanessa", "Grantcharov, Teodor P"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404672", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32252139, "pmcid": "PMC7170785", "title": "Epidemiology and clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children.", "journal": "Clin Exp Pediatr", "authors": ["Choi, Soo-Han", "Kim, Han Wool", "Kang, Ji-Man", "Kim, Dong Hyun", "Cho, Eun Young"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252139", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and declared a worldwide pandemic on March 11, 2020, is a novel infectious disease that causes respiratory illness and death. Pediatric COVID-19 accounts for a small percentage of patients and is often milder than that in adults; however, it can progress to severe disease in some cases. Even neonates can suffer from COVID-19, and children may spread the disease in the community. This review summarizes what is currently known about COVID-19 in children and adolescents."}, {"pmid": 32501355, "pmcid": "PMC7252103", "title": "Emerging study on the transmission of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) from urban perspective: Evidence from China.", "journal": "Cities", "authors": ["Liu, Lu"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501355", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study presents an in-depth investigation on the transmission of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) from the urban perspective. It focuses on the \"aftermath\" of the outbreak and the spread of the infection among cities. Especially, this study provides insights of the fundamentals of the factors that may affect the spread of the infection in cities, where the marginal effects of some most influential factors to the virus transmission are estimated. It reveals that the distance to epicenter is a very strong influential factor, and is negatively linked with the spread of COVID-19. In addition, subway, wastewater and residential garbage are positively connected with the virus transmission. Moreover, both urban area and population density are negatively associated with the spread of COVID-19 at the early stage of the epidemic. Furthermore, this study also provides high precision estimation of the number of COVID-19 infection in Wuhan city, which is the epicenter of the outbreak in China. Based on the real-world data of cities outside Wuhan on March 2, 2020, the estimated number is 56,944.866 (mean value), which is very close to the officially reported number. The methodology and main conclusions shown in this paper are of general interest, and they can be applied to other countries to help understand the local transmission of COVID-19 as well."}, {"pmid": 32087125, "pmcid": "PMC7124603", "title": "A distinct name is needed for the new coronavirus.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Jiang, Shibo", "Shi, Zhengli", "Shu, Yuelong", "Song, Jingdong", "Gao, George F", "Tan, Wenjie", "Guo, Deyin"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087125", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342500, "title": "Pregnant women's knowledge and practice of preventive measures against COVID-19 in a low-resource African setting.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Nwafor, Johnbosco I", "Aniukwu, Joseph K", "Anozie, Bonaventure O", "Ikeotuonye, Arinze C", "Okedo-Alex, Ijeoma N"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342500", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464320, "pmcid": "PMC7247512", "title": "'One more time': why replicating some syntheses of evidence relevant to COVID-19 makes sense.", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Page, Matthew J", "Welch, Vivian A", "Haddaway, Neal R", "Karunananthan, Sathya", "Maxwell, Lara J", "Tugwell, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464320", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342926, "title": "Properties of Coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Malays J Pathol", "authors": ["Malik, Y A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342926", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "were identified beginning with the discovery of SARS-CoV in 2002. With the recent detection of SARS-CoV-2, there are now seven human coronaviruses. Those that cause mild diseases are the 229E, OC43, NL63 and HKU1, and the pathogenic species are SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Coronaviruses (order Nidovirales, family Coronaviridae, and subfamily Orthocoronavirinae) are spherical (125nm diameter), and enveloped with club-shaped spikes on the surface giving the appearance of a solar corona. Within the helically symmetrical nucleocapsid is the large positive sense, single stranded RNA. Of the four coronavirus genera (\u03b1,\u03b2,\u03b3,\u03b4), human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are classified under \u03b1-CoV (HCoV-229E and NL63) and \u03b2-CoV (MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, HCoVOC43 and HCoV-HKU1). SARS-CoV-2 is a \u03b2-CoV and shows fairly close relatedness with two bat-derived CoV-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. Even so, its genome is similar to that of the typical CoVs. SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV originated in bats, and it appears to be so for SARS-CoV-2 as well. The possibility of an intermediate host facilitating the emergence of the virus in humans has already been shown with civet cats acting as intermediate hosts for SARS-CoVs, and dromedary camels for MERS-CoV. Human-to-human transmission is primarily achieved through close contact of respiratory droplets, direct contact with the infected individuals, or by contact with contaminated objects and surfaces. The coronaviral genome contains four major structural proteins: the spike (S), membrane (M), envelope (E) and the nucleocapsid (N) protein, all of which are encoded within the 3' end of the genome. The S protein mediates attachment of the virus to the host cell surface receptors resulting in fusion and subsequent viral entry. The M protein is the most abundant protein and defines the shape of the viral envelope. The E protein is the smallest of the major structural proteins and participates in viral assembly and budding. The N protein is the only one that binds to the RNA genome and is also involved in viral assembly and budding. Replication of coronaviruses begin with attachment and entry. Attachment of the virus to the host cell is initiated by interactions between the S protein and its specific receptor. Following receptor binding, the virus enters host cell cytosol via cleavage of S protein by a protease enzyme, followed by fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. The next step is the translation of the replicase gene from the virion genomic RNA and then translation and assembly of the viral replicase complexes. Following replication and subgenomic RNA synthesis, encapsidation occurs resulting in the formation of the mature virus. Following assembly, virions are transported to the cell surface in vesicles and released by exocytosis."}, {"pmid": 32020126, "title": "Calling all coronavirus researchers: keep sharing, stay open.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32020126", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406513, "pmcid": "PMC7239117", "title": "Behaviour of occupational health services during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Ranka, S", "Quigley, J", "Hussain, T"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406513", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disasters, crises and pandemics are emergencies which impact on businesses severely. The COVID-19 pandemic reached its peak in mid-April 2020 in the UK. During this period, NHS Occupational Health Services (OHS) were stretched to their limit along with other health services. OHS may have had to change their pattern of operation, operating times, services offered, etc. to cope with the pandemic. Data about business model modifications, services offered by the OHS businesses during the pandemic could help in better utilization of OHS resources in the future. To understand the behaviour of OHS in different parts of the country during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey link was sent to both accredited and unaccredited UK Occupational Health Physicians (OHPs). Sixty-two OHPs responded to the survey. In the current pandemic, 51% of the OHS (95% CI 0.38-0.62) offered weekend or out-of-hours (OOH) services, 21% had to employ extra staff (95% CI 0.13-0.33) and 54% had to change their working hours (95% CI 0.41-0.65). Ninety per cent of the OHS (95% CI 0.78-0.94) continued to offer routine services; however, there was a decline in offering vaccination services. Fifty-six per cent of the OHS (95% CI 0.42-0.67) offered a dedicated telephone line and 46% of the OHS (95% CI 0.32-0.56) started a dedicated COVID-19 queries inbox. There was a change in the behaviour of the OHS to cope with the pandemic. Having a dedicated helpline to manage the crisis situation seemed a logical step whilst offering routine services."}, {"pmid": 32410413, "pmcid": "PMC7231610", "title": "Prediction of the Development of Pulmonary Fibrosis Using Serial Thin-Section CT and Clinical Features in Patients Discharged after Treatment for COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Yu, Minhua", "Liu, Ying", "Xu, Dan", "Zhang, Rongguo", "Lan, Lan", "Xu, Haibo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410413", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify predictors of pulmonary fibrosis development by combining follow-up thin-section CT findings and clinical features in patients discharged after treatment for COVID-19. This retrospective study involved 32 confirmed COVID-19 patients who were divided into two groups according to the evidence of fibrosis on their latest follow-up CT imaging. Clinical data and CT imaging features of all the patients in different stages were collected and analyzed for comparison. The latest follow-up CT imaging showed fibrosis in 14 patients (male, 12; female, 2) and no fibrosis in 18 patients (male, 10; female, 8). Compared with the non-fibrosis group, the fibrosis group was older (median age: 54.0 years vs. 37.0 years, p = 0.008), and the median levels of C-reactive protein (53.4 mg/L vs. 10.0 mg/L, p = 0.002) and interleukin-6 (79.7 pg/L vs. 11.2 pg/L, p = 0.04) were also higher. The fibrosis group had a longer-term of hospitalization (19.5 days vs. 10.0 days, p = 0.001), pulsed steroid therapy (11.0 days vs. 5.0 days, p < 0.001), and antiviral therapy (12.0 days vs. 6.5 days, p = 0.012). More patients on the worst-state CT scan had an irregular interface (59.4% vs. 34.4%, p = 0.045) and a parenchymal band (71.9% vs. 28.1%, p < 0.001). On initial CT imaging, the irregular interface (57.1%) and parenchymal band (50.0%) were more common in the fibrosis group. On the worst-state CT imaging, interstitial thickening (78.6%), air bronchogram (57.1%), irregular interface (85.7%), coarse reticular pattern (28.6%), parenchymal band (92.9%), and pleural effusion (42.9%) were more common in the fibrosis group. Fibrosis was more likely to develop in patients with severe clinical conditions, especially in patients with high inflammatory indicators. Interstitial thickening, irregular interface, coarse reticular pattern, and parenchymal band manifested in the process of the disease may be predictors of pulmonary fibrosis. Irregular interface and parenchymal band could predict the formation of pulmonary fibrosis early."}, {"pmid": 32385052, "title": "HiJAKing SARS-CoV-2? The potential role of JAK inhibitors in the management of COVID-19.", "journal": "Sci Immunol", "authors": ["Spinelli, Francesca Romana", "Conti, Fabrizio", "Gadina, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385052", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "JAK kinase inhibitors are being investigated as a way of managing cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32425226, "pmcid": "PMC7229722", "title": "The Time Sequences of Oral and Fecal Viral Shedding of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Zhao, Fang", "Yang, Yang", "Wang, Zhaoqin", "Li, Liang", "Liu, Lei", "Liu, Yingxia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425226", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395795, "title": "What are the economic implications of COVID-19.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Zouari, Abderrazak"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395795", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531319, "title": "A proposed scoring system for triaging patients who require vascular access creation in times of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Ng, Jun Jie", "Ngoh, Clara L Y", "Choong, Andrew M T L"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531319", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247378, "pmcid": "PMC7270489", "title": "Redefining vulnerability in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247378", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395148, "pmcid": "PMC7207229", "title": "Public health measures, radiotherapy, and the novel coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "J Contemp Brachytherapy", "authors": ["Pellizzon, Antonio Cassio Assis"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32096367, "title": "[Management of corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19): the Zhejiang experience].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Xu, Kaijin", "Cai, Hongliu", "Shen, Yihong", "Ni, Qin", "Chen, Yu", "Hu, Shaohua", "Li, Jianping", "Wang, Huafen", "Yu, Liang", "Huang, He", "Qiu, Yunqing", "Wei, Guoqing", "Fang, Qiang", "Zhou, Jianying", "Sheng, Jifang", "Liang, Tingbo", "Li, Lanjuan"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096367", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current epidemic situation of corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) still remained severe. As the National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine is the primary medical care center for COVID-19 inZhejiang Province. Based on the present expert consensus carried out by National Health Commission and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, our team summarized and established an effective treatment strategy centered on \"Four-Anti and Two-Balance\" for clinical practice. The \"Four-Anti and Two-Balance\"strategy included antivirus, anti-shock, anti-hyoxemia, anti-secondary infection, and maintaining of water, electrolyte and acid base balance and microecological balance. Meanwhile, integrated multidisciplinarypersonalized treatment was recommended to improve therapeutic effect. The importance of early viralogical detection, dynamic monitoring of inflammatory indexes and chest radiograph was emphasized in clinical decision-making. Sputum was observed with the highest positive rate of RT-PCR results. Viral nucleic acids could be detected in10% patients'blood samples at acute periodand 50% of patients had positive RT-PCR results in their feces. We also isolated alive viral strains from feces, indicating potential infectiousness of feces.Dynamic cytokine detection was necessary to timely identifyingcytokine storms and application of artificial liver blood purification system. The \"Four-Anti and Two-Balance\"strategyeffectively increased cure rate and reduced mortality. Early antiviral treatment could alleviate disease severity and prevent illness progression, and we found lopinavir/ritonavir combined with abidol showed antiviraleffects in COVID-19. Shock and hypoxemia were usually caused by cytokine storms. The artificial liver blood purification system could rapidly remove inflammatory mediators and block cytokine storm.Moreover, it also favoredthe balance of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base and thus improved treatment efficacy in critical illness. For cases of severe illness, early and also short periods of moderate glucocorticoid was supported. Patients with oxygenation index below 200 mmHg should be transferred to intensive medical center. Conservative oxygen therapy was preferred and noninvasive ventilation was not recommended. Patients with mechanical ventilation should be strictly supervised with cluster ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention strategies. Antimicrobial prophylaxis should be prescribed rationally and was not recommended except for patients with long course of disease, repeated fever and elevated procalcitonin (PCT), meanwhile secondary fungal infection should be concerned.Some patients with COVID-19 showed intestinal microbialdysbiosis with decreasedprobiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Nutritional and gastrointestinal function should be assessed for all patients.Nutritional support and application of prebiotics or probiotics were suggested to regulate the balance of intestinal microbiota and reduce the risk of secondary infection due to bacterial translocation. Anxiety and fear were common in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, we established dynamic assessment and warning for psychological crisis. We also integrated Chinese medicine in treatment to promote disease rehabilitation through classification methods of traditional Chinese medicine. We optimized nursing process for severe patients to promote their rehabilitation. It remained unclear about viral clearance pattern after the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, two weeks' quarantine for discharged patients was required and a regular following up was also needed.The Zhejiang experience above and suggestions have been implemented in our center and achieved good results. However, since COVID-19 was a newly emerging disease, more work was warranted to improve strategies of prevention, diagnosis and treatment for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32291098, "pmcid": "PMC7151491", "title": "Assessing Viral Shedding and Infectivity of Tears in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Seah, Ivan Yu Jun", "Anderson, Danielle E", "Kang, Adrian Eng Zheng", "Wang, Linfa", "Rao, Pooja", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Lye, David Chien", "Agrawal, Rupesh"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291098", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399094, "pmcid": "PMC7212226", "title": "Statins and the COVID-19 main protease: in silico evidence on direct interaction.", "journal": "Arch Med Sci", "authors": ["Reiner, Zeljko", "Hatamipour, Mahdi", "Banach, Maciej", "Pirro, Matteo", "Al-Rasadi, Khalid", "Jamialahmadi, Tannaz", "Radenkovic, Dina", "Montecucco, Fabrizio", "Sahebkar, Amirhossein"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399094", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No proven drug and no immunisation are yet available for COVID-19 disease. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), a key coronavirus enzyme, which is a potential drug target, has been successfully crystallised. There is evidence suggesting that statins exert anti-viral activity and may block the infectivity of enveloped viruses. The aim of this study was to assess whether statins are potential COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors, using a molecular docking study. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock/Vina, a computational docking program. SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was docked with all statins, while antiviral and antiretroviral drugs - favipiravir, nelfinavir, and lopinavir - were used as standards for comparison. The binding energies obtained from the docking of 6LU7 with native ligand favipiravir, nelfinavir, lopinavir, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, pitavastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin, and atorvastatin were -6.8, -5.8, -7.9, -7.9, -7.0, -7.7, -6.6, -8.2, -7.4, -7.7, and -6.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The number of hydrogen bonds between statins and amino acid residues of Mpro were 7, 4, and 3 for rosuvastatin, pravastatin, and atorvastatin, respectively, while other statins had two hydrogen bonds. These results indicate, based upon the binding energy of pitavastatin, rosuvastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin, that statins could be efficient SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors. This is supported by the fact that the effects of some statins, especially pitavastatin, have a binding energy that is even greater than that of protease or polymerase inhibitors. However, further research is necessary to investigate their potential use as drugs for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32400371, "title": "[Anosmia and ageusia as primary symptoms of COVID-19].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Haldrup, Mette", "Johansen, Mikkel Illemann", "Fjaeldstad, Alexander Wieck"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400371", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case report describes a physician in the early 30ies with subjective anosmia and ageusia as the major presenting symptoms of COVID-19. Apart from a week of slightly runny nose when coming from cold to warm air, the only symptom was a sudden onset of persistent anosmia and ageusia. Two weeks after normalisation of the mild sino-nasal symptoms, the patient was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and anosmia was verified with Sniffin' Sticks tests. Hypogeusia was verified with taste screening and two validated taste tests. Olfactory and gustatory loss may be underestimated symptoms of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32414669, "pmcid": "PMC7205634", "title": "Rapid worsening in Parkinson's disease may hide COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Parkinsonism Relat Disord", "authors": ["Hainque, Elodie", "Grabli, David"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414669", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247926, "pmcid": "PMC7129170", "title": "Clinical features of the first cases and a cluster of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Bolivia imported from Italy and Spain.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Escalera-Antezana, Juan Pablo", "Lizon-Ferrufino, Nicolas Freddy", "Maldonado-Alanoca, Americo", "Alarcon-De-la-Vega, Gricel", "Alvarado-Arnez, Lucia Elena", "Balderrama-Saavedra, Maria Alejandra", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247926", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy", "Bolivia, Plurinational State of", "Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) arrived in Bolivia. Here, we report the main clinical findings, and epidemiological features of the first series of cases, and a cluster, confirmed in Bolivia. For this observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study, information was obtained from the Hospitals and the Ministry of Health for the cases that were laboratory-diagnosed and related, during March 2020. rRT-PCR was used for the detection of the RNA of SARS-CoV-2 following the protocol Charit\u00e9, Berlin, Germany, from nasopharyngeal swabs. Among 152 suspected cases investigated, 12 (7.9%) were confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infected by rRT-PCR. The median age was 39 years (IQR 25-43), six of them male. Two cases proceed from Italy and three from Spain. Nine patients presented fever, and cough, five sore throat, and myalgia, among other symptoms. Only a 60 y-old woman with hypertension was hospitalized. None of the patients required ICU nor fatalities occurred in this group. This is the first report of surveillance of COVID-19 in Bolivia, with patients managed mainly with home isolation. Preparedness for a significant epidemic, as is going on in other countries, and the deployment of response plans for it, in the country is now taking place to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the population."}, {"pmid": 32161990, "pmcid": "PMC7087935", "title": "Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Clin Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Li, Bo", "Yang, Jing", "Zhao, Faming", "Zhi, Lili", "Wang, Xiqian", "Liu, Lin", "Bi, Zhaohui", "Zhao, Yunhe"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161990", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Studies have reminded that cardiovascular metabolic comorbidities made patients more susceptible to suffer 2019 novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19), and exacerbated the infection. The aim of this analysis is to determine the association of cardiovascular metabolic diseases with the development of COVID-19. A meta-analysis of eligible studies that summarized the prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic diseases in COVID-19 and compared the incidences of the comorbidities in ICU/severe and non-ICU/severe patients was performed. Embase and PubMed were searched for relevant studies. A total of six studies with 1527 patients were included in this analysis. The proportions of hypertension, cardia-cerebrovascular\u00a0disease and diabetes in patients with COVID-19 were 17.1%, 16.4% and 9.7%, respectively. The incidences of hypertension, cardia-cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes were about twofolds, threefolds and twofolds, respectively, higher in ICU/severe cases than in their non-ICU/severe counterparts. At least 8.0% patients with COVID-19 suffered the acute cardiac injury. The incidence of acute cardiac injury was about 13 folds higher in ICU/severe patients compared with the non-ICU/severe patients. Patients with previous cardiovascular metabolic diseases may face a greater risk of developing into the severe condition and the comorbidities can also greatly affect the prognosis of the COVID-19. On the other hand, COVID-19 can, in turn, aggravate the damage to the heart."}, {"pmid": 32530490, "title": "A Simple Method for Detection of a Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) using One-step RT-PCR followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Son, Ho Anh", "Hang, Dinh Thi Thu", "Thuan, Nghiem Duc", "Quyen, Le Thi Bao", "Thuong, Luong Thi Hoai", "Nga, Vu Thi", "Quang, Le Bach", "Hung, Trinh Thanh", "Son, Nguyen Thai", "Linh, Nguyen Tung", "Nam, Le Van", "Van Ba, Nguyen", "Tien, Tran Viet", "Quyet, Do", "Van Luong, Hoang", "Su, Hoang Xuan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530490", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus associated with acute respiratory disease (named SARS-CoV-2) is recently identified in Wuhan city, China, spread rapidly worldwide. An early identification of this novel coronavirus by molecular tools is critical for surveillance and control of the epidemic outbreak. We aimed to establish a simple method for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in differentiating with SARS-CoV. Primers of our in-house RT-PCR assays were designed to target conserved regions of the RdRP gene and E gene, selected restriction enzymes EcoRI, Tsp45I and AluI to distinguish between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. In this report, a 396 bp fragment of the RdRp gene and 345 bp fragment of the E gene were amplified by one-step RT-PCR. Enzyme Tsp45I cuts the RdRP amplified product of SARS-CoV-2 generating 3 fragments of 45, 154 and 197 bp, but it did not cut the amplicon of SARS-CoV. In contrast, the amplified product of SARS-CoV was digested with EcoRI producing 2 fragments of 76 and 320 bp, whereas, the amplicon of SARS-CoV-2 was undigested by Tsp45I help to distinguish clearly SARS-CoV-2 from SARS-CoV on gel electrophoresis. In addition, AluI cut the amplicon of the E gene of SARS-CoV-2 generating 2 fragments of 248 and 97 bp without cutting to SARS-CoV. Accuracy of assay was confirmed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. When evaluated on clinical samples showed a high sensitivity of 95%, specificity of our assay was 100% and clinical performance for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with other reference assays. In conclusion, the present study, we successfully developed a simple method for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in differentiating with SARS-CoV. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32297958, "title": "HLA studies in the context of coronavirus outbreaks.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Sanchez-Mazas, Alicia"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297958", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490919, "title": "Covid-19: The aftermath for orthodontics.", "journal": "Dental Press J Orthod", "authors": ["Artese, Flavia"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490919", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490031, "pmcid": "PMC7239104", "title": "Differentiating Between 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia and Influenza Using a Nonspecific Laboratory Marker-Based Dynamic Nomogram.", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Linghang", "Liu, Yao", "Zhang, Ting", "Jiang, Yuyong", "Yang, Siyuan", "Xu, Yanli", "Song, Rui", "Song, Meihua", "Wang, Lin", "Zhang, Wei", "Han, Bing", "Yang, Li", "Fan, Ying", "Cheng, Cheng", "Wang, Jingjing", "Xiang, Pan", "Pu, Lin", "Xiong, Haofeng", "Li, Chuansheng", "Zhang, Ming", "Tan, Jianbo", "Chen, Zhihai", "Liu, Jingyuan", "Wang, Xianbo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490031", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is currently a lack of nonspecific laboratory indicators as a quantitative standard to distinguish between the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and an influenza A or B virus infection. Thus, the aim of this study was to establish a nomogram to detect COVID-19. A nomogram was established using data collected from 457 patients (181 with COVID-19 and 276 with influenza A or B infection) in China. The nomogram used age, lymphocyte percentage, and monocyte count to differentiate COVID-19 from influenza. Our nomogram predicted probabilities of COVID-19 with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.913 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.883-0.937), greater than that of the lymphocyte:monocyte ratio (0.849; 95% CI, 0.812-0.880; P = .0007), lymphocyte percentage (0.808; 95% CI, 0.768-0.843; P < .0001), monocyte count (0.780; 95% CI, 0.739-0.817; P < .0001), or age (0.656; 95% CI, 0.610-0.699; P < .0001). The predicted probability conformed to the real observation outcomes of COVID-19, according to the calibration curves. We found that age, lymphocyte percentage, and monocyte count are risk factors for the early-stage prediction of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus. As such, our research provides a useful test for doctors to differentiate COVID-19 from influenza."}, {"pmid": 32401714, "pmcid": "PMC7206444", "title": "COVID-19: PCR screening of asymptomatic health-care workers at London hospital.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Treibel, Thomas A", "Manisty, Charlotte", "Burton, Maudrian", "McKnight, Aine", "Lambourne, Jonathan", "Augusto, Joao B", "Couto-Parada, Xose", "Cutino-Moguel, Teresa", "Noursadeghi, Mahdad", "Moon, James C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401714", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32112714, "pmcid": "PMC7158942", "title": "The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Brooks, Samantha K", "Webster, Rebecca K", "Smith, Louise E", "Woodland, Lisa", "Wessely, Simon", "Greenberg, Neil", "Rubin, Gideon James"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112714", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The December, 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak has seen many countries ask people who have potentially come into contact with the infection to isolate themselves at home or in a dedicated quarantine facility. Decisions on how to apply quarantine should be based on the best available evidence. We did a Review of the psychological impact of quarantine using three electronic databases. Of 3166 papers found, 24 are included in this Review. Most reviewed studies reported negative psychological effects including post-traumatic stress symptoms, confusion, and anger. Stressors included longer quarantine duration, infection fears, frustration, boredom, inadequate supplies, inadequate information, financial loss, and stigma. Some researchers have suggested long-lasting effects. In situations where quarantine is deemed necessary, officials should quarantine individuals for no longer than required, provide clear rationale for quarantine and information about protocols, and ensure sufficient supplies are provided. Appeals to altruism by reminding the public about the benefits of quarantine to wider society can be favourable."}, {"pmid": 32066526, "pmcid": "PMC7133586", "title": "Full spectrum of COVID-19 severity still being depicted - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Gu, Xiaoying", "Cao, Bin", "Wang, Jianwei"], "date": "2020-02-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32066526", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505075, "pmcid": "PMC7263226", "title": "Fighting against frailty and sarcopenia - As well as COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Ekiz, Timur", "Kara, Murat", "Ozcakar, Levent"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505075", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397399, "title": "Tocilizumab for Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients: Preliminary Results from SMAtteo COvid19 REgistry (SMACORE).", "journal": "Microorganisms", "authors": ["Colaneri, Marta", "Bogliolo, Laura", "Valsecchi, Pietro", "Sacchi, Paolo", "Zuccaro, Valentina", "Brandolino, Fabio", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio", "Mojoli, Francesco", "Giusti, Emanuele Maria", "Bruno, Raffaele", "The Covid Irccs San Matteo Pavia Task Force"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397399", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: This study aimed to assess the role of Tocilizumab therapy (TCZ) in terms of ICU admission and mortality rate of critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Design: Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were prospectively enrolled in SMAtteo COvid19 REgistry (SMACORE). A retrospective analysis of patients treated with TCZ matched using propensity score to patients treated with Standard Of Care (SOC) was conducted. Setting: The study was conducted at IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy, from March 14, 2020 to March 27, 2020. Participants: Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 hospitalized in our institution at the time of TCZ availability. Interventions: TCZ was administered to 21 patients. The first administration was 8 mg/kg (up to a maximum 800 mg per dose) of Tocilizumab intravenously, repeated after 12 h if no side effects were reported after the first dose. Main Outcomes and Measures: ICU admission and 7-day mortality rate. Secondary outcomes included clinical and laboratory data. Results: There were 112 patients evaluated (82 were male and 30 were female, with a median age of 63.55 years). Using propensity scores, the 21 patients who received TCZ were matched to 21 patients who received SOC (a combination of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and prophylactic dose of low weight heparin). No adverse event was detected following TCZ administration. This study found that treatment with TCZ did not significantly affect ICU admission (OR 0.11; 95% CI between 0.00 and 3.38; p = 0.22) or 7-day mortality rate (OR 0.78; 95% CI between 0.06 and 9.34; p = 0.84) when compared with SOC. Analysis of laboratory measures showed significant interactions between time and treatment regarding C-Reactive Protein (CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), platelets and international normalized ratio (INR) levels. Variation in lymphocytes count was observed over time, irrespective of treatment. Conclusions: TCZ administration did not reduce ICU admission or mortality rate in a cohort of 21 patients. Additional data are needed to understand the effect(s) of TCZ in treating patients diagnosed with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32492406, "pmcid": "PMC7254001", "title": "Proteomic and Metabolomic Characterization of COVID-19 Patient Sera.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Shen, Bo", "Yi, Xiao", "Sun, Yaoting", "Bi, Xiaojie", "Du, Juping", "Zhang, Chao", "Quan, Sheng", "Zhang, Fangfei", "Sun, Rui", "Qian, Liujia", "Ge, Weigang", "Liu, Wei", "Liang, Shuang", "Chen, Hao", "Zhang, Ying", "Li, Jun", "Xu, Jiaqin", "He, Zebao", "Chen, Baofu", "Wang, Jing", "Yan, Haixi", "Zheng, Yufen", "Wang, Donglian", "Zhu, Jiansheng", "Kong, Ziqing", "Kang, Zhouyang", "Liang, Xiao", "Ding, Xuan", "Ruan, Guan", "Xiang, Nan", "Cai, Xue", "Gao, Huanhuan", "Li, Lu", "Li, Sainan", "Xiao, Qi", "Lu, Tian", "Zhu, Yi", "Liu, Huafen", "Chen, Haixiao", "Guo, Tiannan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492406", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early detection and effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients remain major challenges. Here, we performed proteomic and metabolomic profiling of sera from 46 COVID-19 and 53 control individuals. We then trained a machine learning model using proteomic and metabolomic measurements from a training cohort of 18 non-severe and 13 severe patients. The model was validated using 10 independent patients, 7 of which were correctly classified. Targeted proteomics and metabolomics assays were employed to further validate this molecular classifier in a second test cohort of 19 COVID-19 patients, leading to 16 correct assignments. We identified molecular changes in the sera of COVID-19 patients compared to other groups implicating dysregulation of macrophage, platelet degranulation, complement system pathways, and massive metabolic suppression. This study revealed characteristic protein and metabolite changes in the sera of severe COVID-19 patients, which might be used in selection of potential blood biomarkers for severity evaluation."}, {"pmid": 32174053, "pmcid": "PMC7082661", "title": "False-Negative Results of Real-Time Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: Role of Deep-Learning-Based CT Diagnosis and Insights from Two Cases.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Dasheng", "Wang, Dawei", "Dong, Jianping", "Wang, Nana", "Huang, He", "Xu, Haiwang", "Xia, Chen"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174053", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus, later named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still gradually spreading worldwide. The nucleic acid test or genetic sequencing serves as the gold standard method for confirmation of infection, yet several recent studies have reported false-negative results of real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Here, we report two representative false-negative cases and discuss the supplementary role of clinical data with rRT-PCR, including laboratory examination results and computed tomography features. Coinfection with SARS-COV-2 and other viruses has been discussed as well."}, {"pmid": 32414789, "title": "Palliative care in advanced coronavirus disease in intensive care units.", "journal": "BMJ Support Palliat Care", "authors": ["Esmaeili Vardanjani, Ali", "Rafiei, Hossein", "Mohammdi, Mostafa"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414789", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269020, "pmcid": "PMC7234264", "title": "Projecting demand for critical care beds during COVID-19 outbreaks in Canada.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Shoukat, Affan", "Wells, Chad R", "Langley, Joanne M", "Singer, Burton H", "Galvani, Alison P"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269020", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasing numbers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Canada may create substantial demand for hospital admission and critical care. We evaluated the extent to which self-isolation of mildly ill people delays the peak of outbreaks and reduces the need for this care in each Canadian province. We developed a computational model and simulated scenarios for COVID-19 outbreaks within each province. Using estimates of COVID-19 characteristics, we projected the hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) bed requirements without self-isolation, assuming an average number of 2.5 secondary cases, and compared scenarios in which different proportions of mildly ill people practised self-isolation 24 hours after symptom onset. Without self-isolation, the peak of outbreaks would occur in the first half of June, and an average of 569 ICU bed days per 10 000 population would be needed. When 20% of cases practised self-isolation, the peak was delayed by 2-4 weeks, and ICU bed requirement was reduced by 23.5% compared with no self-isolation. Increasing self-isolation to 40% reduced ICU use by 53.6% and delayed the peak of infection by an additional 2-4 weeks. Assuming current ICU bed occupancy rates above 80% and self-isolation of 40%, demand would still exceed available (unoccupied) ICU bed capacity. At the peak of COVID-19 outbreaks, the need for ICU beds will exceed the total number of ICU beds even with self-isolation at 40%. Our results show the coming challenge for the health care system in Canada and the potential role of self-isolation in reducing demand for hospital-based and ICU care."}, {"pmid": 32419848, "pmcid": "PMC7216865", "title": "Ideas for how informaticians can get involved with COVID-19 research.", "journal": "BioData Min", "authors": ["Moore, Jason H", "Barnett, Ian", "Boland, Mary Regina", "Chen, Yong", "Demiris, George", "Gonzalez-Hernandez, Graciela", "Herman, Daniel S", "Himes, Blanca E", "Hubbard, Rebecca A", "Kim, Dokyoon", "Morris, Jeffrey S", "Mowery, Danielle L", "Ritchie, Marylyn D", "Shen, Li", "Urbanowicz, Ryan", "Holmes, John H"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419848", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on population health and wellbeing. Biomedical informatics is central to COVID-19 research efforts and for the delivery of healthcare for COVID-19 patients. Critical to this effort is the participation of informaticians who typically work on other basic science or clinical problems. The goal of this editorial is to highlight some examples of COVID-19 research areas that could benefit from informatics expertise. Each research idea summarizes the COVID-19 application area, followed by an informatics methodology, approach, or technology that could make a contribution. It is our hope that this piece will motivate and make it easy for some informaticians to adopt COVID-19 research projects."}, {"pmid": 32412706, "title": "Compassionate Use of Remdesivir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Fatkenheuer, Gerd", "Lundgren, Jens"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412706", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497799, "pmcid": "PMC7263215", "title": "The prominence of asymptomatic superspreaders in transmission mean universal face masking should be part of COVID-19 de-escalation strategies.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kenyon, Chris"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497799", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503860, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: an opportunity to assess the utility of telemedicine in patients with rheumatic diseases.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Lopez-Medina, Clementina", "Escudero, Alejandro", "Collantes-Estevez, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503860", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213330, "pmcid": "PMC7271037", "title": "The first COVID-19 case in Afghanistan acquired from Iran.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mousavi, Sayed H", "Shah, Jaffer", "Giang, Hoang T N", "Al-Ahdal, Tareq M A", "Zahid, Shafi U", "Temory, Fardina", "Paikan, Feda M", "Karimzadeh, Sedighe", "Huy, Nguyen T"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213330", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Afghanistan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451583, "pmcid": "PMC7246290", "title": "Frailty index predicts poor outcome in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Bellelli, Giuseppe", "Rebora, Paola", "Valsecchi, Maria Grazia", "Bonfanti, Paolo", "Citerio, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451583", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237301, "title": "COVID-19 Diary From a Psychiatry Department in Italy.", "journal": "J Clin Psychiatry", "authors": ["Fagiolini, Andrea", "Cuomo, Alessandro", "Frank, Ellen"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237301", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405086, "pmcid": "PMC7217780", "title": "Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Outcomes for Patients Admitted with Gastrointestinal Bleeding in New York City.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Kim, Judith", "Doyle, John B", "Blackett, John W", "May, Benjamin", "Hur, Chin", "Lebwohl, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405086", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32096395, "title": "[The treatment proposal for the patients with breast diseases in the central epidemic area of 2019 coronavirus disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhao, L", "Zhang, L", "Liu, J W", "Yang, Z F", "Shen, W Z", "Li, X R"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096395", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the epidemic of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still ongoing. Its characteristics include high contagiousness, herd susceptibility and clinical phenotype diversity, which have a severe influence on people's daily life and rountine therapy for other diseases. Breast dieases are clinical common diseases. In the central epidemic area of COVID-19, the clinical specialists of breast diseases should consider all of the following factors comprehensively: the prevention of COVID-19, the diagnosis and treatment of breast diseases and the accessibility of medical resources. Besides, we should select the appropriate therapy and optimize treatment process so as to prevent the propagation and cross infection of COVID-19 as well as manage the breast diseases without delay. Therefore, we carried out some management proposals of the patients with breast diseases in the central epidemic area during the epidemic of COVID-19 on the basis of conventional treatment guidelines and clinical experiences. The suggestions and corrections from colleagues will be welcomed."}, {"pmid": 32343764, "pmcid": "PMC7197038", "title": "Health Insurance Status and Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes With COVID-19 Among U.S. Health Care Workers: A Cross-sectional Study.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Himmelstein, David U", "Woolhandler, Steffie"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307117, "pmcid": "PMC7151540", "title": "Preparedness for COVID-19: in situ simulation to enhance infection control systems in the intensive care unit.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Choi, Gordon Y S", "Wan, Winnie T P", "Chan, Albert K M", "Tong, Sau K", "Poon, Shing T", "Joynt, Gavin M"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307117", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340091, "title": "[Epidemic characteristics and trend analysis of the COVID-19 in Hubei province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Song, Y", "Liu, M", "Jia, W P", "Wang, S S", "Cao, W Z", "Han, K", "Yang, S S", "Li, J", "Chen, Z", "He, Y"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340091", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: By describing and analyzing the epidemic characteristics and trends of the attack rate, the crude mortality and relevant indexes in Hubei province during the pandemic of COVID-19 to provide comprehensive evaluations of the epidemic trends and the effects of intervention measures. Methods: Based on the case data reported in Hubei province during the COVID-19 epidemic, combined with the important time of major interventions and event, the cumulative attack rate, the sequential increase rate of new cases, baseline increase rate of new cases, the observation- confirmed case conversion rate, the cumulative crude mortality, the daily severe case rate, and the ratio of death to severe were used to describe and analyze the epidemic characteristics in different phases of the COVID-19 epidemic. Results: The epidemic experienced an outbreak phase from January 10 to February 3 with large amount of case reported, a peak phase from February 4 to February 19 with continuous increasing number of new cases and deaths, a platform phase from February 20 to March 3 with balanced diagnosis and treatment number, and a descending phase from March 4 to March 18 with decreased diagnosis and increased treatment number. Up to March 18, the cumulative attack rate of the COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei province increased from 0.03/10 000 on January 19 to 11.46/10 000, from 0.04/10 000 on January 10 to 45.13/10 000 in Wuhan city, and from 0.002/ 10 000 on January 20 to 3.70/ 10 000 in other areas of Hubei province other than Wuhan city. The increase rate of new cases fluctuated during the epidemic period and reached the highest at February 12 in Hubei province. The cumulative crude mortality in Hubei Province increased rapidly from 1.01% on January 19 to 5.13% on January 26, then decreased to 2.54% on February 13, and then slowly increased to 4.62% on March 18, and similar trend was also observed in Wuhan city. The daily severe rate in Hubei Province increased from 26.88% on January 27 to 34.27% on March 18. The ratio of death to severe decreased from 7.37% on January 23 to 0.35% on March 18. Conclusions: The epidemic cycle of COVID-19 in Hubei province proposed to be 60 days, which was about 1.76 times of the combination of the longest incubation period or isolation period (14 d) and the average hospitalization time of confirmed patients in Hubei province (20 d). It suggested that the major anti-epidemic decisions made in China were effective."}, {"pmid": 32376108, "pmcid": "PMC7252137", "title": "Archetype analysis of older adult immunization decision-making and implementation in 34 countries.", "journal": "Vaccine", "authors": ["Privor-Dumm, Lois", "Vasudevan, Prarthana", "Kobayashi, Kana", "Gupta, Jaya"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376108", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global population of adults over 65 years of age is growing rapidly and is expected to double by 2050. Countries will face substantial health, economic and social burden deriving from vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) such as influenza, pneumonia and herpes zoster in older adults. It will be essential that countries utilize several public health strategies, including immunization. Understanding the different approaches countries have taken on adult immunization could help provide future learnings and technical support for adult vaccines within life-course immunization strategies. In this study, we describe the priorities and approaches that underlie adult immunization decision-making and implementation processes in 32 high-and-middle-income countries and two territories (\"34 countries\") who recommend adult vaccines in their national schedule. We conducted an archetype analysis based on a subset of two dozen indicators abstracted from a larger database. The analysis was based on a mixed-methods study, including results from 120 key informant interviews in six countries and a landscape review of secondary data from 34 countries. We found four distinct archetypes: disease prevention-focused; health security-focused; evolving adult focus; and, child-focused and cost-sensitive. The highest performing countries belonged to the disease prevention-focused and health security archetypes, although there was a range of performance within each archetype. Considering common barriers and facilitators of decision-making and implementation of adult vaccines within a primary archetype could help provide a framework for strategies to support countries with similar needs and approaches. It can also help in developing context-specific policies and guidance, including for countries prioritizing adult immunization programs in light of COVID-19. Further research may be beneficial to further refine archetypes and expand the understanding of what influences success within them. This can help advance policies and action that will improve vaccine access for older adults and build a stronger appreciation of the value of immunization amongst a variety of stakeholders."}, {"pmid": 32530438, "title": "New (re)Purpose for an old drug: purinergic receptor blockade may extinguish the COVID-19 thrombo-inflammatory firestorm.", "journal": "JCI Insight", "authors": ["Kanthi, Yogendra", "Knight, Jason S", "Zuo, Yu", "Pinsky, David J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530438", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purinergic modulators, such as dipyridamole, target multiple pathways that have been implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis, and thus the therapeutic benefit of these should be explored."}, {"pmid": 32415472, "pmcid": "PMC7227177", "title": "Short fractionation radiotherapy for early prostate cancer in the time of COVID-19: long-term excellent outcomes from a multicenter Italian trial suggest a larger adoption in clinical practice.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Barra, Salvina", "Guarnieri, Alessia", "di Monale E Bastia, Michela Buglione", "Marcenaro, Michela", "Tornari, Elena", "Belgioia, Liliana", "Magrini, Stefano Maria", "Ricardi, Umberto", "Corvo, Renzo"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415472", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in low-risk Prostate Cancer patients as preferred treatment option in emergency health conditions. From April 2013 to September 2015, 28 patients with low-risk prostate cancer were prospectively enrolled. The SBRT prescribed dose was 36.25\u00a0Gy in 5 fractions, twice a week. Primary endpoints were acute and late toxicity. Secondary endpoints were biochemical recurrence free survival (bRFS) and overall survival. Median follow-up was 65.5\u00a0months (range 52-81). No acute G3 or G4 toxicity was recorded. Acute G1 or G2 genitourinary (GU) toxicity occurred in 43% and acute G1-G2 gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity in 14%. Late G1 and G3 GU toxicity in 18% and 3.5%, respectively. The G3 toxicity was not directly attributable to radiotherapy. Late G1 GI toxicity occurred in 18%. 5yy bRFS was 96.5% (95% CI 82.3-99.4%). Stereotactic body radiotherapy for early prostate cancer reported safe toxicity profile and a good clinical outcome at the median follow-up of 5\u00a0years. It may be an useful option if radiotherapy is required in emergency medical conditions."}, {"pmid": 32435816, "title": "To Interpret the SARS-CoV-2 Test, Consider the Cycle Threshold Value.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tom, Michael R", "Mina, Michael J"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435816", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199457, "pmcid": "PMC7085188", "title": "Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Poole, Danielle N", "Escudero, Daniel J", "Gostin, Lawrence O", "Leblang, David", "Talbot, Elizabeth A"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199457", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268642, "title": "[Health protection guideline of passenger transport stations and transportation facilities during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268642", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During COVID-19 outbreak, the transportation industries are faced with the more burdensome tasks of outbreak prevention and control as well as ensuring smooth transportation. It is important to organize transportation in order to restore the order of production and life, ensure the normal economic and social operation, and control the outbreak in the whole society. From the perspective of health, this guideline puts forward technical requirements on the operation management, personnel requirements and health protection of passenger transportation places such as aviation, railway, subway, bus, taxi, ship, etc., which reduces the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the transportation industry and personal health risks."}, {"pmid": 32409519, "title": "Estimation of COVID-19-induced depletion of hospital resources in Ontario, Canada.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Barrett, Kali", "Khan, Yasin A", "Mac, Stephen", "Ximenes, Raphael", "Naimark, David M J", "Sander, Beate"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409519", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues in several jurisdictions, causing substantial strain to health care systems. The purpose of our study was to predict the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient outcomes and use of hospital resources in Ontario, Canada. We developed an individuallevel simulation to model the flow of patients with COVID-19 through the hospital system in Ontario. We simulated different combined scenarios of epidemic trajectory and hospital health care capacity. Our outcomes included the number of patients who needed admission to the ward or to the intensive care unit (ICU) with or without the need for mechanical ventilation, number of days to resource depletion, number of patients awaiting resources and number of deaths. We found that with effective early public health measures, hospital system resources would not be depleted. For scenarios with late or ineffective implementation of physical distancing, hospital resources would be depleted within 14-26 days, and in the worst case scenario, 13 321 patients would die while waiting for needed resources. Resource depletion would be avoided or delayed with aggressive measures to increase ICU, ventilator and acute care hospital capacities. We found that without aggressive physical distancing measures, the Ontario hospital system would have been inadequately equipped to manage the expected number of patients with COVID-19 despite a rapid increase in capacity. This lack of hospital resources would have led to an increase in mortality. By slowing the spread of the disease using public health measures and by increasing hospital capacity, Ontario may have avoided catastrophic stresses to its hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32197104, "pmcid": "PMC7270644", "title": "Evidence informing the UK's COVID-19 public health response must be transparent.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Alwan, Nisreen A", "Bhopal, Raj", "Burgess, Rochelle A", "Colburn, Tim", "Cuevas, Luis E", "Smith, George Davey", "Egger, Matthias", "Eldridge, Sandra", "Gallo, Valentina", "Gilthorpe, Mark S", "Greenhalgh, Trish", "Griffiths, Christopher", "Hunter, Paul R", "Jaffar, Shabbar", "Jepson, Ruth", "Low, Nicola", "Martineau, Adrian", "McCoy, David", "Orcutt, Miriam", "Pankhania, Bharat", "Pikhart, Hynek", "Pollock, Allyson", "Scally, Gabriel", "Smith, James", "Sridhar, Devi", "Taylor, Stephanie", "Tennant, Peter W G", "Themistocleous, Yrene", "Wilson, Anne"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197104", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462984, "title": "Elective lung cancer surgery in the COVID-19 era: how do we do it?", "journal": "Tumori", "authors": ["Bilkhu, Rajdeep", "Bille, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462984", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant mortality around the world and the focus has been on reducing the number of infections. In order not to compromise treatment of oncology patients, reducing the number of patients with COVID-19 undergoing treatment is mandatory. We reviewed the experience of the National Institute of Cancer in Milan and compared it with our experience."}, {"pmid": 32491234, "title": "Retiform purpura as a dermatological sign of covid-19 coagulopathy.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Bosch-Amate, X", "Giavedoni, P", "Podlipnik, S", "Andreu-Febrer, C", "Sanz-Beltran, J", "Garcia-Herrera, A", "Alos, L", "Mascaro, J M Jr"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491234", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide to become a pandemic. Multiple skin manifestations related to the infection have been described progressively. Recalcati1 asserted that 20.4% of infected patients developed cutaneous manifestations and Galv\u00e1n-Casas et al2 have recently proposed 5 clinical patterns (pseudo-chilblain, vesicular, urticarial, maculopapular and livedo/necrosis). We report a case of COVID-19 with retiform purpura and its histopathological correlation."}, {"pmid": 32113494, "pmcid": "PMC7137871", "title": "Indian pharma threatened by COVID-19 shutdowns in China.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Patralekha"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113494", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278756, "pmcid": "PMC7144614", "title": "COVID-19 and dengue fever: A dangerous combination for the health system in Brazil.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lorenz, Camila", "Azevedo, Thiago S", "Chiaravalloti-Neto, Francisco"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278756", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329525, "pmcid": "PMC7264665", "title": "Characteristics and Palliative Care Needs of COVID-19 Patients Receiving Comfort-Directed Care.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Sun, He", "Lee, Jihae", "Meyer, Benjamin J", "Myers, Ellen L", "Nishikawa, Mia S", "Tischler, Jonah L", "Blinderman, Craig D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329525", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340485, "pmcid": "PMC7189613", "title": "Correspondence to the EJPC in response to position paper by Ambrosetti M et al. 2020: Cardiovascular rehabilitation and COVID-19: The need to maintain access to evidence-based services from the safety of home.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Dalal, Hasnain", "Taylor, Rod S", "Greaves, Colin", "Doherty, Patrick J", "McDonagh, Sinead Tj", "van Beurden, Samantha B", "Purcell, Carrie"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340485", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412033, "title": "Ultraviolet-C and other methods of decontamination of filtering facepiece N-95 respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Photochem Photobiol Sci", "authors": ["Torres, Angeli Eloise", "Lyons, Alexis B", "Narla, Shanthi", "Kohli, Indermeet", "Parks-Miller, Angela", "Ozog, David", "Hamzavi, Iltefat H", "Lim, Henry W"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412033", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During global health emergencies such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, the decontamination of single-use personal protective equipment (PPE) becomes a necessary means to keep up with the growing demand from healthcare workers and patients alike. Many unverified methods are being considered, which can pose the risk of incomplete decontamination and lead to catastrophic results. Several factors come into play when determining the suitability of such methods including the quality of the decontamination technique, the targeted pathogen, cost, ease of installation and use, rate of sterilization, and the surface or material to be sterilized. The germicidal properties of ultraviolet-C are well known. This review will cover the most commonly described methods for the sterilization of N95 respirators, namely, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, hydrogen peroxide vaporization, microwave-generated steaming, and dry heating. These techniques have been tested previously and have demonstrated efficacy in reducing or inactivating viral and bacterial pathogens, although testing against SARS-CoV-2 specifically has not been done. Moreover, it must be emphasized that proper disposal after a single use is still ideal under normal circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32198615, "pmcid": "PMC7087529", "title": "The potential added value of FDG PET/CT for COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Deng, Yan", "Lei, Lei", "Chen, Yue", "Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198615", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302754, "pmcid": "PMC7151313", "title": "Managing patients with cancer in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Peng, Ling", "Zagorac, Sladjana", "Stebbing, Justin"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312600, "pmcid": "PMC7270576", "title": "Clinical consensus recommendations regarding non-invasive respiratory support in the adult patient with acute respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Cinesi Gomez, Cesar", "Penuelas Rodriguez, Oscar", "Lujan Torne, Manel", "Egea Santaolalla, Carlos", "Masa Jimenez, Juan Fernando", "Garcia Fernandez, Javier", "Carratala Perales, Jose Manuel", "Heili-Frades, Sarah Beatrice", "Ferrer Monreal, Miquel", "de Andres Nilsson, Jose M", "Lista Arias, Eva", "Sanchez Rocamora, Juan Luis", "Garrote, Jose Ignacio", "Zamorano Serrano, Miguel J", "Gonzalez Martinez, Monica", "Farrero Munoz, Eva", "Mediano San Andres, Olga", "Rialp Cervera, Gemma", "Mas Serra, Arantxa", "Hernandez Martinez, Gonzalo", "de Haro Lopez, Candelaria", "Roca Gas, Oriol", "Ferrer Roca, Ricard", "Romero Berrocal, Antonio", "Ferrando Ortola, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312600", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by a newly emergent coronavirus, that was first recognized in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined the infection as a global pandemic and there is a health and social emergency for the management of this new infection. While most people with COVID-19 develop only mild or uncomplicated illness, approximately 14% develop severe disease that requires hospitalization and oxygen support, and 5% require admission to an intensive care unit. In severe cases, COVID-19 can be complicated by the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis and septic shock, and multiorgan failure. This consensus document has been prepared on evidence-informed guidelines developed by a multidisciplinary panel of health care providers from four Spanish scientific societies (Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine [SEMICYUC], Spanish Society of Pulmonologists [SEPAR], Spanish Society of Emergency [SEMES], Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Reanimation, and Pain [SEDAR]) with experience in the clinical management of patients with COVID-19 and other viral infections, including SARS, as well as sepsis and ARDS. The document provides clinical recommendations for the noninvasive respiratory support (noninvasive ventilation, high flow oxygen therapy with nasal cannula) in any patient with suspected or confirmed presentation of COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure. This consensus guidance should serve as a foundation for optimized supportive care to ensure the best possible chance for survival and to allow for reliable comparison of investigational therapeutic interventions as part of randomized controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32360022, "title": "Contingency Plan for the Intensive Care Services for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Enferm Intensiva", "authors": ["Sedes, P Rascado", "Sanz, M A Ballesteros", "Saera, M A Bodi", "RodriguezRey, L F Carrasco", "Ortega, A Castellanos", "Gonzalez, M Catalan", "Lopez, C de Haro", "Santos, E Diaz", "Barcena, A Escriba", "Mera, M J Frade", "Cano, J C Igeno", "Delgado, M C Martin", "Estalella, G Martinez", "Raimondi, N", "Gas, O Roca I", "Oviedo, A Rodriguez", "Pio, E Romero San", "Alvarez, J Trenado", "Raurell, M"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360022", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified a new virus of the Coronaviridae family as the cause of several cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. The outbreak was initially confined to Wuhan City, but then spread outside Chinese borders. On 31 January 2020, the first case was declared in Spain. On 11 March 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. On 16 March 2020, there were 139 countries affected. In this situation, the Scientific Societies SEMICYUC and SEEIUC, have decided to draw up this Contingency Plan to guide the response of the Intensive Care Services. The objectives of this plan are to estimate the magnitude of the problem and identify the necessary human and material resources. This is to provide the Spanish Intensive Medicine Services with a tool to programme optimal response strategies."}, {"pmid": 32528042, "title": "Hematological features of persons with COVID-19.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Li, Qiubai", "Cao, Yulin", "Chen, Lei", "Wu, Di", "Yu, Jianming", "Wang, Hongxiang", "He, Wenjuan", "Chen, Li", "Dong, Fang", "Chen, Weiqun", "Chen, Wenlan", "Li, Lei", "Ran, Qijie", "Liu, Qiaomei", "Ren, Wenxiang", "Gao, Fei", "Chen, Zhichao", "Gale, Robert Peter", "Hu, Yu"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528042", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We studied admission and dynamic demographic, hematological and biochemical co-variates in 1449 hospitalized subjects with coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) in five hospitals in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. We identified two admission co-variates: age (Odds Ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.18, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] [1.02, 1.36]; P\u2009=\u20090.026) and baseline D-dimer (OR\u2009=\u20093.18 [1.48, 6.82]; P\u2009=\u20090.003) correlated with an increased risk of death in persons with COVID-19. We also found dynamic changes in four co-variates, \u0394 fibrinogen (OR\u2009=\u20096.45 [1.31, 31.69]; P\u2009=\u20090.022), \u0394 platelets (OR\u2009=\u20090.95 [0.90-0.99]; P\u2009=\u20090.029), \u0394 C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR\u2009=\u20091.09 [1.01, 1.18]; P\u2009=\u20090.037), and \u0394 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (OR\u2009=\u20091.03 [1.01, 1.06]; P\u2009=\u20090.007) correlated with an increased risk of death. The potential risk factors of old age, high baseline D-dimer, and dynamic co-variates of fibrinogen, platelets, CRP, and LDH could help clinicians to identify and treat subjects with poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32279441, "pmcid": "PMC7262089", "title": "Association of chemosensory dysfunction and COVID-19 in patients presenting with influenza-like symptoms.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Yan, Carol H", "Faraji, Farhoud", "Prajapati, Divya P", "Boone, Christine E", "DeConde, Adam S"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279441", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and concern for viral transmission by ambulatory patients with minimal to no symptoms underline the importance of identifying early or subclinical symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Two such candidate symptoms include anecdotally reported loss of smell and taste. Understanding the timing and association of smell/taste loss in COVID-19 may help facilitate screening and early isolation of cases. A single-institution, cross-sectional study evaluating patient-reported symptoms with a focus on smell and taste was conducted using an internet-based platform on adult subjects who underwent testing for COVID-19. Logistic regression was employed to identify symptoms associated with COVID-19 positivity. A total of 1480 patients with influenza-like symptoms underwent COVID-19 testing between March 3, 2020, and March 29, 2020. Our study captured 59 of 102 (58%) COVID-19-positive patients and 203 of 1378 (15%) COVID-19-negative patients. Smell and taste loss were reported in 68% (40/59) and 71% (42/59) of COVID-19-positive subjects, respectively, compared to 16% (33/203) and 17% (35/203) of COVID-19-negative patients (p < 0.001). Smell and taste impairment were independently and strongly associated with COVID-19 positivity (anosmia: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 10.9; 95% CI, 5.08-23.5; ageusia: aOR 10.2; 95% CI, 4.74-22.1), whereas sore throat was associated with COVID-19 negativity (aOR 0.23; 95% CI, 0.11-0.50). Of patients who reported COVID-19-associated loss of smell, 74% (28/38) reported resolution of anosmia with clinical resolution of illness. In ambulatory individuals with influenza-like symptoms, chemosensory dysfunction was strongly associated with COVID-19 infection and should be considered when screening symptoms. Most will recover chemosensory function within weeks, paralleling resolution of other disease-related symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32240972, "pmcid": "PMC7171587", "title": "The Three Steps Needed to End the COVID-19 Pandemic: Bold Public Health Leadership, Rapid Innovations, and Courageous Political Will.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Guest, Jodie L", "Del Rio, Carlos", "Sanchez, Travis"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240972", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is experiencing the expansive spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a global pandemic that is placing strain on health care, economic, and social systems. Commitment to implementing proven public health strategies will require bold public health leadership and courageous acts by politicians. Developing new innovative communication, mitigation, and health care approaches, particularly in the era of social media, is also clearly warranted. We believe that the best public health evidence must inform activities in three priority areas to stop this pandemic: (1) coordinated and consistent stay-at-home orders across multiple jurisdictions, including potential nationwide mandates; (2) rapid scale-up of SARS-CoV-2 testing; and (3) improved health care capacity to respond. This editorial outlines those areas, the rationale behind them, and the call for innovation and engagement of bold public health leadership to empower courageous political action to reduce the number of deaths during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32485061, "title": "Incidence and Determinants of QT Interval Prolongation in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Maraj, Ilir", "Hummel, James P", "Taoutel, Roy", "Chamoun, Romy", "Workman, Virginia", "Li, Cindy", "Tran, Lydia", "DelVecchio, Alexander", "Howes, Christopher", "Akar, Joseph G"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485061", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Combined use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was globally adopted, in part due to paucity and high cost of alternative therapies. However the utility of these medications has been questioned; and thus safety becomes a major concern given clinical equipoise regarding efficacy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32498140, "title": "Impact of Rumors and Misinformation on COVID-19 in Social Media.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Tasnim, Samia", "Hossain, Md Mahbub", "Mazumder, Hoimonty"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not only caused significant challenges for health systems all over the globe but also fueled the surge of numerous rumors, hoaxes, and misinformation, regarding the etiology, outcomes, prevention, and cure of the disease. Such spread of misinformation is masking healthy behaviors and promoting erroneous practices that increase the spread of the virus and ultimately result in poor physical and mental health outcomes among individuals. Myriad incidents of mishaps caused by these rumors have been reported globally. To address this issue, the frontline healthcare providers should be equipped with the most recent research findings and accurate information. The mass media, healthcare organization, community-based organizations, and other important stakeholders should build strategic partnerships and launch common platforms for disseminating authentic public health messages. Also, advanced technologies like natural language processing or data mining approaches should be applied in the detection and removal of online content with no scientific basis from all social media platforms. Furthermore, these practices should be controlled with regulatory and law enforcement measures alongside ensuring telemedicine-based services providing accurate information on COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32211809, "title": "An Acute Respiratory Infection Runs Into the Most Common Noncommunicable Epidemic-COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Yang, Chengzhi", "Jin, Zening"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211809", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525393, "title": "Tending and mending: Affiliative responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by healthcare professionals in Italy.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Fino, Edita", "Fino, Viola", "Mazzetti, Michela", "Russo, Paolo Maria"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525393", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The physical and social isolation measures associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, although certainly necessary to contain the spread of the virus, represent a particularly distressing aspect that might accentuate the fears and pain associated with the disease, especially for patients, their family members, and health-care professionals. Affiliative responses to the crises are emerging as ad hoc or formally endorsed practices within COVID-19 facilities in Italy, aimed at establishing links of communication between patients and family members by using new communication technologies. Tending to the emotional needs of patients and mending the affiliative connections interrupted by the disease are good examples of interdisciplinary cohesion and affiliative responses to the COVID-19 emergency. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32379379, "pmcid": "PMC7267328", "title": "Treatment of nasal bridge ulceration related to protective measures for the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Int Wound J", "authors": ["Sernicola, Alvise", "Chello, Camilla", "Cerbelli, Edoardo", "Adebanjo, Ganiyat Adenike Ralitsa", "Parisella, Francesca Romana", "Pezzuto, Aldo", "Luzi, Fabiola", "De Marco, Gabriella", "Rello, Jordi", "Tammaro, Antonella"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379379", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240751, "pmcid": "PMC7270779", "title": "Applying Palliative Care Principles to Communicate With Children About COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Weaver, Meaghann S", "Wiener, Lori"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Children are seeing rapid changes to their routines and facing an unpredictable future. Palliative care teams may consider expanding their communication training and skill sets to help families consider caring ways to communicate with their children and grandchildren about the coronavirus. Palliative care teams are wise to encourage families to ground their communication with children on key values: honesty and trust, self-compassion, safety, sensitivity, connection, preparedness, community building, recognition of death as a part of the life cycle, and legacy."}, {"pmid": 32406056, "title": "CORRIGENDUM to \"Expert consensus for managing pregnant women and neonates born to mothers with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection\" [Int J Gynecol Obstet 149(2020) 130-136].", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406056", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212378, "title": "Optimizing COVID-19 Candidate Therapeutics: Thinking Without Borders.", "journal": "Clin Transl Sci", "authors": ["Rayner, Craig R", "Smith, Patrick F", "Hershberger, Kevin", "Wesche, David"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212378", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250961, "title": "COVID-19 Related Misinformation on Social Media: A Qualitative Study from Iran.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Bastani, Peivand", "Bahrami, Mohammad Amin"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250961", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: During outbreaks of diseases a great amount of health threatening misinformation is produced and released. In the web-2 era much of this misinformation is disseminated via social media where information could spread easily and quickly. Monitoring social media content provides crucial insights for health managers to manage the crisis. Objective: Given the misinformation surrounding COVID-19 outbreak, this study was aimed to analyze contents of the most commonly used social networks in Iran that is among the affected countries. Methods: A social media monitoring conducted through a qualitative design to analyze the discussions of social media users about the content related to COVID-19 transferred via Iranian medical faculty members` groups in Telegram and Whats App during Feb 20 to March 20, 2020 emphasizing the misinformation. Discourse analysis was applied and the written dialogues and discussions regarding misinformation about different aspects of the outbreak between medical faculty members all over the country were analyzed. Results: Cultural factors, demand pressure for information during the crisis, the easiness of information dissemination via social networks, marketing incentives and the poor legal supervision of online contents are the main reasons of misinformation dissemination. Disease statistics; treatments, vaccines and medicines; prevention and protection methods; dietary recommendations and disease transmission ways are the main subjective categories of releasing misinformation regarding novel coronavirus outbreak. Consequences of misinformation dissemination regarding disease include psychosocial; economic; health status; health system and ethical ones. Active and effective presence of health professionals and authorities on social media during the crisis and the improvement of public health literacy in the long term are the most recommended strategies for dealing with issues related to misinformation. Conclusion: This study contributes the management of COVID-19 outbreak trough providing applicable insights for health managers to manage public information in this challenging time. "}, {"pmid": 32311462, "pmcid": "PMC7165084", "title": "On the molecular determinants of the SARS-CoV-2 attack.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Kanduc, Darja", "Shoenfeld, Yehuda"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311462", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409643, "pmcid": "PMC7221326", "title": "Love at the time of the Covid-19 pandemic: preliminary results of an online survey conducted during the quarantine in Italy.", "journal": "Int J Impot Res", "authors": ["Cocci, Andrea", "Giunti, Daniel", "Tonioni, Camilla", "Cacciamani, Giovanni", "Tellini, Riccardo", "Polloni, Gaia", "Cito, Gianmartin", "Presicce, Fabrizio", "Di Mauro, Marina", "Minervini, Andrea", "Cimino, Sebastiano", "Russo, Giorgio Ivan"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409643", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445573, "title": "Recommendations for the management of patients with immune-mediated kidney disease during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic.", "journal": "Nephrol Dial Transplant", "authors": ["Anders, Hans-Joachim", "Bruchfeld, Annette", "Fernandez Juarez, Gema Maria", "Floege, Jurgen", "Goumenos, Dimitrios", "Turkmen, Kultigin", "van Kooten, Cees", "Tesar, Vladimir", "Segelmark, Marten"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445573", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created major challenges for all countries around the globe. Retrospective studies have identified hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and older age as risk factors for high morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. There is a general concern that patients with immune-mediated kidney diseases, namely those on immunosuppressive therapies and/or those with more advanced kidney failure, could particularly be at risk for adverse outcomes due to a compromised antiviral immunity. Uncertainties exist on how management routines should be reorganized to minimize the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and what measures are necessary for infected patients. The aim of the present review of the Immunonephrology Working Group of the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association is to provide recommendations for the management of patients with immune-mediated kidney diseases based on the available evidence, similar circumstances with other infectious organisms and expert opinions from across Europe. Such recommendations may help to minimize the risk of encountering COVID-19 or developing complications during COVID-19 in patients with immune-mediated kidney disease."}, {"pmid": 32471782, "pmcid": "PMC7255141", "title": "Features of COVID-19 post-infectious cytokine release syndrome in children presenting to the emergency department.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Waltuch, Temima", "Gill, Prakriti", "Zinns, Lauren E", "Whitney, Rachel", "Tokarski, Julia", "Tsung, James W", "Sanders, Jennifer E"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471782", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has not appeared to affect children as severely as adults. However, approximately 1\u00a0month after the COVID-19 peak in New York City in April 2020, cases of children with prolonged fevers abruptly developing inflammatory shock-like states have been reported in Western Europe and the United States. This case series describes four previously healthy children with COVID-19 infection confirmed by serologic antibody testing, but negative by nasopharyngeal RT-PCR swab, presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) with prolonged fever (5 or more days) and abrupt onset of hemodynamic instability with elevated serologic inflammatory markers and cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-\u03b1). Emergency physicians must maintain a high clinical suspicion for this COVID-19 associated post-infectious cytokine release syndrome, with features that overlap with Kawasaki Disease (KD) and Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) in children with recent or current COVID-19 infection, as patients can decompensate quickly."}, {"pmid": 32242738, "pmcid": "PMC7258652", "title": "Clinical Features of 85 Fatal Cases of COVID-19 from Wuhan. A Retrospective Observational Study.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Du, Yingzhen", "Tu, Lei", "Zhu, Pingjun", "Mu, Mi", "Wang, Runsheng", "Yang, Pengcheng", "Wang, Xi", "Hu, Chao", "Ping, Rongyu", "Hu, Peng", "Li, Tianzhi", "Cao, Feng", "Chang, Christopher", "Hu, Qinyong", "Jin, Yang", "Xu, Guogang"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242738", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rationale: The global death toll from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) virus as of May 12, 2020, exceeds 286,000. The risk factors for death were attributed to advanced age and comorbidities but have not been accurately defined.Objectives: To report the clinical features of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 in two hospitals in Wuhan.Methods: Medical records were collected of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 between January 9, 2020, and February 15, 2020. Information recorded included medical history, exposure history, comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, computed tomographic scans, and clinical management.Measurements and Main Results: The median age of the patients was 65.8 years, and 72.9% were male. Common symptoms were fever (78 [91.8%]), shortness of breath (50 [58.8%]), fatigue (50 [58.8%]), and dyspnea (60 [70.6%]). Hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease were the most common comorbidities. Notably, 81.2% of patients had very low eosinophil counts on admission. Complications included respiratory failure (80 [94.1%]), shock (69 [81.2%]), acute respiratory distress syndrome (63 [74.1%]), and arrhythmia (51 [60%]), among others. Most patients received antibiotic (77 [90.6%]), antiviral (78 [91.8%]), and glucocorticoid (65 [76.5%]) treatments. A total of 38 (44.7%) and 33 (38.8%) patients received intravenous immunoglobulin and IFN-\u03b12b, respectively.Conclusions: In this depictive study of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19, most cases were males aged over 50 years with noncommunicable chronic diseases. The majority of the patients died of multiple organ failure. Early onset of shortness of breath may be used as an observational symptom for COVID-19 exacerbations. Eosinophilopenia may indicate a poor prognosis. A combination of antimicrobial drugs did not offer considerable benefit to the outcome of this group of patients."}, {"pmid": 32423024, "title": "The Rationale for Potential Pharmacotherapy of COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharmaceuticals (Basel)", "authors": ["Saber-Ayad, Maha", "Saleh, Mohamed A", "Abu-Gharbieh, Eman"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423024", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 11 March 2020, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was defined by the World Health Organization as a pandemic. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the newly evolving human coronavirus infection that causes COVID-19, and it first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and spread rapidly all over the world. COVID-19 is being increasingly investigated through virology, epidemiology, and clinical management strategies. There is currently no established consensus on the standard of care in the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19 patients. However, certain medications suggested for other diseases have been shown to be potentially effective for treating this infection, though there has yet to be clear evidence. Therapies include new agents that are currently tested in several clinical trials, in addition to other medications that have been repurposed as antiviral and immune-modulating therapies. Previous high-morbidity human coronavirus epidemics such as the 2003 SARS-CoV and the 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) prompted the identification of compounds that could theoretically be active against the emerging coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, advances in molecular biology techniques and computational analysis have allowed for the better recognition of the virus structure and the quicker screening of chemical libraries to suggest potential therapies. This review aims to summarize rationalized pharmacotherapy considerations in COVID-19 patients in order to serve as a tool for health care professionals at the forefront of clinical care during this pandemic. All the reviewed therapies require either additional drug development or randomized large-scale clinical trials to be justified for clinical use."}, {"pmid": 32330658, "pmcid": "PMC7172765", "title": "An invited commentary on: \"Evidence based management guideline for the COVID-19 pandemic - Review article\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Akay, Serhat", "Akay, Huriye"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330658", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497168, "title": "On setting expectations for a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Canaday, David H", "Gravenstein, Stefan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497168", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global coronavirus pandemic is unlike any other since 1918. A century of dramatic medical advances has produced a public expectation that the medical field will rapidly provide solutions to restore normalcy. In under 6 months, since SARS-CoV-2 was identified, the massive international effort to develop a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has generated more than 140 vaccines in different stages of development with 9 already recruiting into clinical trials posted on clinicaltrials.gov. The long-term strategy to handle COVID-19 will almost certainly rely on vaccines. But, what type of protection can we realistically expect to achieve from vaccines and when?"}, {"pmid": 32377576, "pmcid": "PMC7198587", "title": "Chatbots in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "NPJ Digit Med", "authors": ["Miner, Adam S", "Laranjo, Liliana", "Kocaballi, A Baki"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377576", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are all together in a fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Chatbots, if effectively designed and deployed, could help us by sharing up-to-date information quickly, encouraging desired health impacting behaviors, and lessening the psychological damage caused by fear and isolation. Despite this potential, the risk of amplifying misinformation and the lack of prior effectiveness research is cause for concern. Immediate collaborations between healthcare workers, companies, academics and governments are merited and may aid future pandemic preparedness efforts."}, {"pmid": 32434706, "title": "Comparison of Cepheid Xpert Xpress and Abbott ID Now to Roche cobas for the Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Smithgall, Marie C", "Scherberkova, Ioana", "Whittier, Susan", "Green, Daniel A"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434706", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created an urgent and unprecedented need for rapid large-scale diagnostic testing to inform timely patient management. However, robust data are lacking on the relative performance of available rapid molecular tests across a full range of viral concentrations. This study aimed to compare two recently-authorized rapid tests, Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 and Abbott ID Now SARS-CoV-2, to the Roche cobas SARS-CoV-2 assay for samples with low, medium, and high viral concentrations. A total of 113 nasopharyngeal swabs from remnant patient samples were tested, including 88 positives spanning the full range of observed Ct values on the cobas assay. Compared to cobas, the overall positive agreement was 73.9% with ID Now and 98.9% with Xpert. Negative agreement was 100% and 92.0% for ID Now and Xpert, respectively. Both ID Now and Xpert showed 100% positive agreement for medium and high viral concentrations (Ct value <30). However, for Ct values >30, positive agreement was 34.3% for ID Now and 97.1% for Xpert. While Xpert showed high agreement with cobas across a wide range of viral concentrations, this study highlights an important limitation of ID Now for specimens collected in viral or universal transport media with low viral concentrations. Further studies are needed to evaluate the performance of ID Now for direct swabs."}, {"pmid": 32520930, "title": "Video as a public health knowledge transfer tool in Burkina Faso: A mixed evaluation comparing three narrative genres.", "journal": "PLoS Negl Trop Dis", "authors": ["Hebert, Catherine", "Dagenais, Christian", "Mc Sween-Cadieux, Esther", "Ridde, Valery"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520930", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The dengue virus is endemic in many low- and middle-income countries. In Burkina Faso, the proportion of fevers that could be due to dengue is growing. In 2013, a dengue epidemic spread there, followed by other seasonal outbreaks. Dengue is often confused with malaria, and health workers are not trained to distinguish between them. Three training videos using different narrative genres were tested with nursing students from two institutions in Ouagadougou: journalistic, dramatic and animated video. The study aimed to determine if video is an effective knowledge transfer tool, if narrative genre plays a role in knowledge acquisition, and which narrative elements are the most appreciated. A mixed method research design was used. The relative effectiveness of the videos was verified through a quasi-experimental quantitative component with a comparison group and post-test measurements. A qualitative component identified participants' perceptions regarding the three videos. Data were drawn from a knowledge test (n = 482), three focus groups with health professionals' students (n = 46), and individual interviews with health professionals (n = 10). Descriptive statistics and single-factor variance analysis were produced. A thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. Results showed that all three videos led to significant rates of knowledge improvement when compared with the comparison group (p <0.05): 12.31% for the journalistic video, 20.58% for the dramatic video, and 18.91% for the animated video. The dramatic and animated videos produced a significantly higher increase in knowledge than did the journalistic video (with respectively 8.27% (p = 0.003) and 6.59% (p = 0.029) and can be considered equivalent with a difference of 1.68% (p = 0.895). Thematic analysis also revealed that these two videos were considered to be better knowledge transfer tools. Four key aspects are important to consider for a video to be effective: 1) transmitting information in a narrative form, 2) choosing good communicators, 3) creating a visual instrument that reinforces the message and 4) adapting the message to the local context. Video has proven to be an effective and appreciated knowledge transfer and training tool for health professionals, but the narrative genre of the videos can influence knowledge acquisition. The production of other videos should be considered for training or updating health professionals and their narrative genre taken into consideration. The actual context of constant circulation of new diseases, such as COVID-19, reaffirms the need to train health professionals."}, {"pmid": 32518437, "pmcid": "PMC7272331", "title": "The coronavirus pandemic - A critical discussion of a tourism research agenda.", "journal": "Tour Manag", "authors": ["Zenker, Sebastian", "Kock, Florian"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518437", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Unquestionable, the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic is one of the most impactful events of the 21st century and has tremendous effects on tourism. While many tourism researchers worldwide are currently 'Covid-19 research gap spotting', we call for more deliberateness and rigor. While we agree that the coronavirus pandemic is unique and relevant to research, we argue that not all effects are worth researching or novel to us. Previous research on crises and disasters do show similar patterns and existing theories can often very well explain the current phenomena. Thus, six illustrative examples are shown how a research agenda could look like. This includes parts where theoretical explanations from tourism are missing, as well as where we think existing knowledge might be subject to a tourism paradigm-shift due to the coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32442686, "pmcid": "PMC7236706", "title": "An invited commentary on \"Liu Z, Ding Z, Guan X, Zhag Y, Wang X, Khan JS. Optimizing response in surgical systems during and after COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons from China and the UK - Perspective. Int J Surg 2020 May 4;78:156-159.''.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Shanker, Aaron", "Siddiqui, Tariq", "Bashashati, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442686", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448635, "pmcid": "PMC7211568", "title": "COVID-19 during pregnancy: Potential risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in neonates?", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo", "Tanajura, Diego Moura", "Santos, Hudson P Jr", "Santos, Victor Santana"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448635", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426002, "pmcid": "PMC7229930", "title": "[Therapeutic options for the management of severe Covid-19: A rheumatology perspective].", "journal": "Reumatol Clin", "authors": ["Mendoza-Pinto, Claudia", "Garcia-Carrasco, Mario", "Realpozo, Pamela Munguia", "Mendez-Martinez, Socorro"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426002", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel SARS-CoV-2 human coronavirus in Wuhan, China, has triggered a worldwide respiratory disease outbreak (COVID-19). Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan dysfunction and thrombotic events are among the leading causes of death in critically ill patients with COVID-19. The elevated inflammatory cytokines suggest that a \"cytokine storm\", also known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), may play a major role in the pathology of COVID-19. In addition to anti-viral therapy and supportive treatment in critically ill patients, unique medications for this condition are also under investigation. Here we reviewed therapeutic options, including the antibody therapy that might be an immediate strategy for SARS-CoV-2 therapy."}, {"pmid": 32426001, "pmcid": "PMC7229928", "title": "[Colchicine: a potential therapeutic tool against COVID-19. Experience of 5 patients].", "journal": "Reumatol Clin", "authors": ["Montealegre-Gomez, Giovanni", "Garavito, Edgar", "Gomez-Lopez, Arley", "Rojas-Villarraga, Adriana", "Parra-Medina, Rafael"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426001", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a newly emerged disease that has become a global public health challenge. Due to a lack of knowledge about the virus, a significant number of potential targets for using a particular drug\u2009have been proposed. Five cases with a clinical history of biopolymers in the gluteal region that developed iatrogenic allogenosis (IA) are presented here. The 5 cases were put under colchicine treatment for IA crisis and had non-specific symptoms (headache, cough without dyspnoea, and arthralgias) with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Their close contacts had mild to severe symptoms and three of them died. In the SARS-CoV-2 infection different inflammatory pathways are altered where colchicine reduces cytokine levels as well as the activation of macrophages, neutrophils, and the inflammasome. The possible mechanisms that colchicine may use to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with COVID-19 infection are also reviewed in this article."}, {"pmid": 32449555, "title": "Conducting eating disorders research in the time of COVID-19: A survey of researchers in the field.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Weissman, Ruth Striegel", "Klump, Kelly L", "Rose, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449555", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted research around the globe and required shuttering of research programs and the implementation of procedural adjustments to ensure safety. This study sought to document COVID-19's impact on eating disorders (ED) research, which may be particularly susceptible to such disruptions, given its focus on individuals who are physically and emotionally vulnerable. We invited ED researchers from editorial boards and scientific organizations to complete a quantitative/qualitative survey about: COVID-19's current and future impact on ED research; areas of concern about research disruptions; and effective strategies for conducting and supporting research during and after COVID-19. Among 187 participants, many had moved studies online and/or shutdown part of their research. Across position types (permanent, 52.7%; temporary, 47.3%), participants reported high concern about data collection, recruitment, and securing future funding. Those holding temporary positions reported significantly greater concern about COVID-19's impact on their career and greater stress than participants in permanent positions. Strategies for dealing with research disruptions included: employing technology; reprioritizing goals/tasks; and encouraging collaboration. Results underscore the high levels of stress and disruption caused by COVID-19. We echo calls by our respondents for support for early career scholars and advocacy for additional resources for research and scientists."}, {"pmid": 32302070, "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 in Psychiatry.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Yahya, Ahmed Saeed", "Khawaja, Shakil", "Chukwuma, Jude"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302070", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483923, "title": "Managing ophthalmic practices in a referral emergency COVID-19 hospital in north-east Italy.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Tognetto, Daniele", "Pastore, Marco Rocco", "De Giacinto, Chiara", "Cecchini, Paolo", "Agolini, Rossella", "Giglio, Rosa", "Vinciguerra, Alex Lucia"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483923", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366158, "title": "Creation of Educational Videos for Patients Undergoing Nonelective Surgery: Tools for the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Sell, Elizabeth", "Chao, Tiffany", "Shah, Mitali", "Rajasekaran, Karthik"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366158", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, there is a lack of reliable patient-centric educational videos in otolaryngology. In light of COVID-19, otolaryngologists have had to see patients through virtual visits and have been encouraged to send patients home after nonelective surgery. Additionally, most hospitals are not permitting patients' family members and caretakers to enter patient rooms, thus often preventing them from receiving adequate education on postoperative care. Embracing educational videos as a valuable tool will improve communication with patients, especially during the times of COVID-19 and beyond. The goal of this commentary is to describe our early lessons learned in developing educational videos in a streamlined, efficient, and accessible format that can be shared among all members of the multidisciplinary and design production team. Background on the use of multimedia to reduce patient anxiety and frustration with surgical interventions is provided."}, {"pmid": 32264963, "pmcid": "PMC7137406", "title": "A new clinical trial to test high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Carr, Anitra C"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264963", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420720, "title": "Caring for Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a PICU: Recommendations by Dual Trained Intensivists.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Remy, Kenneth E", "Verhoef, Philip A", "Malone, Jay R", "Ruppe, Michael D", "Kaselitz, Timothy B", "Lodeserto, Frank", "Hirshberg, Eliotte L", "Slonim, Anthony", "Dezfulian, Cameron"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420720", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, which causes coronavirus disease 2019, there is a recognized need to expand critical care services and beds beyond the traditional boundaries. There is considerable concern that widespread infection will result in a surge of critically ill patients that will overwhelm our present adult ICU capacity. In this setting, one proposal to add \"surge capacity\" has been the use of PICU beds and physicians to care for these critically ill adults. Narrative review/perspective. Not applicable. Not applicable. None. The virus's high infectivity and prolonged asymptomatic shedding have resulted in an exponential growth in the number of cases in the United States within the past weeks with many (up to 6%) developing acute respiratory distress syndrome mandating critical care services. Coronavirus disease 2019 critical illness appears to be primarily occurring in adults. Although pediatric intensivists are well versed in the care of acute respiratory distress syndrome from viral pneumonia, the care of differing aged adult populations presents some unique challenges. In this statement, a team of adult and pediatric-trained critical care physicians provides guidance on common \"adult\" issues that may be encountered in the care of these patients and how they can best be managed in a PICU. This concise scientific statement includes references to the most recent and relevant guidelines and clinical trials that shape management decisions. The intention is to assist PICUs and intensivists in rapidly preparing for care of adult coronavirus disease 2019 patients should the need arise."}, {"pmid": 32461414, "title": "Commentary: Restructuring residency training in ophthalmology during COVID-19 era: Challenges and opportunities.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Kumar, Atul", "Agarwal, Divya"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461414", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239799, "title": "The versatile heparin in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239799", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281334, "title": "[Strategy of pharmaceutical care services for clinical Chinese pharmacists in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Lin, Zhi-Jian", "Zhang, Bing"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281334", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) seriously endangers people's health. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Prevention and Control Strategy, which have made outstanding contributions to the prevention and control of the epidemic. The wide application of Chinese medicine asked the pharmacists and doctors, nurses, and medical technicians in Wuhan and around the country to stand on the front line of COVID-19 treatment, and provide pharmaceutical care services, which has effectively guaranteed the safety and rational use of Chinese medicine. This article will introduce the TCM cognition of the COVID-19, analyze the clinical application of Chinese medicine and the entry point of pharmaceutical care, and clarify that clinical Chinese pharmacists can participate in making medication therapy plan, medication reconciliation, and prescription review, promoting rational drug use, pharmaceutical monitoring, and drug risk management. The participation of clinical Chinese pharmacists in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 is conducive to improving the level of rational use of TCM, by ensuring the effectiveness, and safety."}, {"pmid": 32278878, "pmcid": "PMC7144615", "title": "French Sarcoma Group proposals for management of sarcoma patients during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Penel, N", "Bonvalot, S", "Minard, V", "Orbach, D", "Gouin, F", "Corradini, N", "Brahmi, M", "Marec-Berard, P", "Briand, S", "Gaspar, N", "Llacer, C", "Carrere, S", "Dufresne, A", "Le Cesne, A", "Blay, J Y"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385978, "title": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: telemedicine in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Fatyga, Edyta", "Dziegielewska-Gesiak, Sylwia", "Wierzgon, Aleksander", "Stoltny, Dorota", "Muc-Wierzgon, Malgorzata"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385978", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125355, "title": "Priorities for the US Health Community Responding to COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Adalja, Amesh A", "Toner, Eric", "Inglesby, Thomas V"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125355", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188590, "title": "Covid-19 exposes weaknesses in European response to outbreaks.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Anderson, Michael", "Mckee, Martin", "Mossialos, Elias"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188590", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439516, "pmcid": "PMC7234954", "title": "COVID-19 Lessons: The Alignment of Palliative Medicine and Trauma-Informed Care.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Brown, Chelsea", "Peck, Sarah", "Humphreys, Jessi", "Schoenherr, Laura", "Saks, Naomi Tzril", "Sumser, Bridget", "Elia, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic wears on, its psychological, emotional, and existential toll continues to grow and indeed may now rival the physical suffering caused by the illness. Patients, caregivers, and health-care workers are particularly at risk for trauma responses and would be well served by trauma-informed care practices to minimize both immediate and long-term psychological distress. Given the significant overlap between the core tenets of trauma-informed care and accepted guidelines for the provision of quality palliative care (PC), PC teams are particularly well poised to both incorporate such practices into routine care and to argue for their integration across health systems. We outline this intersection to highlight the uniquely powerful role PC teams can play to reduce the long-term psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32347743, "title": "The Effect of Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin on the Corrected QT Interval in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Saleh, Moussa", "Gabriels, James", "Chang, David", "Kim, Beom Soo", "Mansoor, Amtul", "Mahmood, Eitezaz", "Makker, Parth", "Ismail, Haisam", "Goldner, Bruce", "Willner, Jonathan", "Beldner, Stuart", "Mitra, Raman", "John, Roy", "Chinitz, Jason", "Skipitaris, Nicholas", "Mountantonakis, Stavros", "Epstein, Laurence M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347743", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background - The novel SARs-CoV-2 coronavirus is responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic. Small studies have shown a potential benefit of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine \u00b1 azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19. Use of these medications alone, or in combination, can lead to a prolongation of the QT interval, possibly increasing the risk of Torsade de pointes (TdP) and sudden cardiac death. Methods - Hospitalized patients treated with chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine \u00b1 azithromycin from March 1st through the 23rd at three hospitals within the Northwell Health system were included in this prospective, observational study. Serial assessments of the QT interval were performed. The primary outcome was QT prolongation resulting in TdP. Secondary outcomes included QT prolongation, the need to prematurely discontinue any of the medications due to QT prolongation and arrhythmogenic death. Results - Two hundred one patients were treated for COVID-19 with chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine. Ten patients (5.0%) received chloroquine, 191 (95.0%) received hydroxychloroquine and 119 (59.2%) also received azithromycin. The primary outcome of TdP was not observed in the entire population. Baseline QTc intervals did not differ between patients treated with chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (monotherapy group) vs. those treated with combination group (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin) (440.6 \u00b1 24.9 ms vs. 439.9 \u00b1 24.7 ms, p =0.834). The maximum QTc during treatment was significantly longer in the combination group vs the monotherapy group (470.4 \u00b1 45.0 ms vs. 453.3 \u00b1 37.0 ms, p = 0.004). Seven patients (3.5%) required discontinuation of these medications due to QTc prolongation. No arrhythmogenic deaths were reported. Conclusions - In the largest reported cohort of COVID-19 patients to date treated with chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine {plus minus} azithromycin, no instances of TdP or arrhythmogenic death were reported. Although use of these medications resulted in QT prolongation, clinicians seldomly needed to discontinue therapy. Further study of the need for QT interval monitoring is needed before final recommendations can be made."}, {"pmid": 32525098, "title": "Canadian children's and youth's adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic: A decision tree analysis.", "journal": "J Sport Health Sci", "authors": ["Guerrero, Michelle D", "Vanderloo, Leigh M", "Rhodes, Ryan E", "Faulkner, Guy", "Moore, Sarah A", "Tremblay, Mark S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525098", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to use decision tree modeling to generate profiles of children and youth who were more or less likely to meet the Canadian 24-h movement guidelines during the COVID-19 outbreak. Data for this study were from a nationally representative sample of 1472 Canadian parents (Meanage\u202f=\u202f45.12, SD\u202f=\u202f7.55) of children (5-11 years old) or youth (12-17 years old). Data were collected in April 2020 via an online survey. Survey items assessed demographic, behavioral, social, micro-environmental, and macro-environmental characteristics. Four decision trees of adherence and non-adherence to all movement recommendations combined and each individual movement recommendation (physical activity, screen time, and sleep) were generated. Results revealed specific combinations of adherence and non-adherence characteristics. Characteristics associated with adherence to the recommendation(s) included high parental perceived capability to restrict screen time, being a boy, increases in children's and youth's outdoor physical activity/sport since the COVID-19 outbreak began, having parents younger than 43 years old (for adherence to screen time recommendation), having no to little change in sleep duration since the COVID-19 outbreak began, and having parents older than 35 years old (for adherence to the sleep recommendation). Characteristics associated with non-adherence to the recommendation(s) included low parental perceived capability to restrict screen time, decreases in children's and youth's outdoor physical activity/sport since the COVID-19 outbreak began, primary residences located in all provinces except Quebec, low parental perceived capability to support children's sleep, and increases in sleep duration since the COVID-19 outbreak began. Our results show that specific characteristics interact to contribute to (non)adherence to the movement behavior recommendations. Results highlight the importance of targeting parents' perceived capability for the promotion of children's and youth's movement behaviors during challenging times of the COVID-19 pandemic, paying particular attention to enhancing parental perceived capability to restrict screen time."}, {"pmid": 32498068, "title": "What the COVID-19 Crisis Is Telling Humanity.", "journal": "Neuroepidemiology", "authors": ["Wiebers, David O", "Feigin, Valery L"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498068", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354815, "pmcid": "PMC7194752", "title": "Viewpoint: The COVID-19 and climate crises.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Morrison, Lesley"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354815", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336551, "pmcid": "PMC7180014", "title": "Contingency plan for the intensive care services for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Rascado Sedes, P", "Ballesteros Sanz, M A", "Bodi Saera, M A", "Carrasco Rodriguez-Rey, L F", "Castellanos Ortega, A", "Catalan Gonzalez, M", "Lopez, C de Haro", "Diaz Santos, E", "Escriba Barcena, A", "Frade Mera, M J", "Igeno Cano, J C", "Martin Delgado, M C", "Martinez Estalella, G", "Raimondi, N", "Roca I Gas, O", "Rodriguez Oviedo, A", "Romero San Pio, E", "Trenado Alvarez, J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336551", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified a new virus of the Coronaviridae family as the cause of several cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. The outbreak was initially confined to Wuhan City, but then spread outside Chinese borders. On 31 January 2020, the first case was declared in Spain. On 11 March 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. On 16 March 2020, there were 139 countries affected. In this situation, the Scientific Societies SEMICYUC and SEEIUC have decided to draw up this Contingency Plan to guide the response of the Intensive Care Services. The objectives of this plan are to estimate the magnitude of the problem and identify the necessary human and material resources. This is to provide the Spanish Intensive Medicine Services with a tool to programme optimal response strategies."}, {"pmid": 32522307, "title": "First reported case of unrepaired tetralogy of Fallot complicated with Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Cardiol Young", "authors": ["Moazenzadeh, Mansoor", "Jafari, Fatemeh", "Farrokhnia, Mehrdad", "Aliramezany, Maryam"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522307", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The incidence of Novel Coronavirus disease-19 and its associated complications is higher in high-risk groups. In this article, we explain the symptoms and course of the disease and the treatment for an adult patient with congenital heart disease who has been infected with novel coronavirus disease-19."}, {"pmid": 32442427, "pmcid": "PMC7201228", "title": "ACR Statement on Safe Resumption of Routine Radiology Care During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Davenport, Matthew S", "Bruno, Michael A", "Iyer, Ramesh S", "Johnson, Amirh M", "Herrera, Ramses", "Nicola, Gregory N", "Ortiz, Daniel", "Pedrosa, Ivan", "Policeni, Bruno", "Recht, Michael P", "Willis, Marc", "Zuley, Margarita L", "Weinstein, Stefanie"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442427", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ACR recognizes that radiology practices are grappling with when and how to safely resume routine radiology care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although it is unclear how long the pandemic will last, it may persist for many months. Throughout this time, it will be important to perform safe, comprehensive, and effective care for patients with and patients without COVID-19, recognizing that asymptomatic transmission is common with this disease. Local idiosyncrasies prevent a single prescriptive strategy. However, general considerations can be applied to most practice environments. A comprehensive strategy will include consideration of local COVID-19 statistics; availability of personal protective equipment (PPE); local, state, and federal government mandates; institutional regulatory guidance; local safety measures; health care worker availability; patient and health care worker risk factors; factors specific to the indication(s) for radiology care; and examination or procedure acuity. An accurate risk-benefit analysis of postponing versus performing a given routine radiology examination or procedure often is not possible due to many unknown and complex factors. However, this is the overriding principle: If the risk of illness or death to a health care worker or patient from health care-acquired COVID-19 is greater than the risk of illness or death from delaying radiology care, the care should be delayed; however, if the opposite is true, the radiology care should proceed in a timely fashion."}, {"pmid": 32068012, "pmcid": "PMC7124328", "title": "Novel coronavirus pneumonia emergency in Zhuhai: impact and challenges.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Jin, H", "Liu, J", "Cui, M", "Lu, L"], "date": "2020-02-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32068012", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348666, "title": "Audio Interview: Loosening Covid-19 Restrictions.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348666", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475692, "pmcid": "PMC7211567", "title": "[The effects of quarantine for SARS-CoV-2 on sleep: An online survey].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Hartley, S", "Colas des Francs, C", "Aussert, F", "Martinot, C", "Dagneaux, S", "Londe, V", "Waldron, L", "Royant-Parola, S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475692", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Explore the evolution of sleep during the SARS-CoV-2 quarantine period and define associated factors. An online survey of patients in quarantine. Questions targeted the conditions of quarantine, sleep related behaviours and exposure to factors known to affect sleep and circadian rhythms (light exposure and sport). In all, 1777 participants were included: 77% women and 72% aged 25-54 years. Quarantine conditions were most frequently in couples with children (36%) and in a house with a garden (51%). Forty-seven percent of participants reported a decrease in sleep quality during quarantine. Factors associated with a reduction in sleep quality by logistic regression were sleep reduction (OR 15.52 P<0.001), going to bed later (OR 1.72 P<0.001), getting up earlier (2.18 P=0.01), an increase in sleep-wake irregularity (OR 2.29 P<0.001), reduced exposure to daylight (OR 1.46 P=0.01) and increased screen use in the evenings (OR 1.33 P=0.04). Sleep quality tended to reduce during quarantine and this was associated with changes in sleep behaviours and light exposure, especially in the evening. In order to optimise sleep during quarantine, regular sleep and wake times, at least 1hour exposure to daylight and a reduction of screen use in the evenings are suggested."}, {"pmid": 32357074, "title": "Advanced Pulmonary and Cardiac Support of COVID-19 Patients: Emerging Recommendations From ASAIO-a Living Working Document.", "journal": "Circ Heart Fail", "authors": ["Rajagopal, Keshava", "Keller, Steven P", "Akkanti, Bindu", "Bime, Christian", "Loyalka, Pranav", "Cheema, Faisal H", "Zwischenberger, Joseph B", "El Banayosy, Aly", "Pappalardo, Federico", "Slaughter, Mark S", "Slepian, Marvin J"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357074", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 is an emerging viral pathogen responsible for the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic resulting in significant human morbidity and mortality. Based on preliminary clinical reports, hypoxic respiratory failure complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome is the leading cause of death. Further, septic shock, late-onset cardiac dysfunction, and multiorgan system failure are also described as contributors to overall mortality. Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and other modalities of mechanical cardiopulmonary support are increasingly being utilized in the treatment of respiratory and circulatory failure refractory to conventional management, their role and efficacy as support modalities in the present pandemic are unclear. We review the rapidly changing epidemiology, pathophysiology, emerging therapy, and clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019; and based on these data and previous experience with artificial cardiopulmonary support strategies, particularly in the setting of infectious diseases, provide consensus recommendations from American Society for Artificial Internal Organs. Of note, this is a living document, which will be updated periodically, as additional information and understanding emerges."}, {"pmid": 32518941, "title": "Identification of 22 N-glycosites on spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 and accessible surface glycopeptide motifs: implications for vaccination and antibody therapeutics.", "journal": "Glycobiology", "authors": ["Zhou, Dapeng", "Tian, Xiaoxu", "Qi, Ruibing", "Peng, Chao", "Zhang, Wen"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518941", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses hijack human enzymes to assemble the sugar coat on their spike glycoproteins. The mechanisms by which human antibodies may recognize the antigenic viral peptide epitopes hidden by the sugar coat are unknown. Glycosylation by insect cells differs from the native form produced in human cells, but insect cell-derived influenza vaccines have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. In this study, we analyzed recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein secreted from BTI-Tn-5B1-4 insect cells, by trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion followed by mass spectrometry analysis. We acquired tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectrums for glycopeptides of all 22 predicted N-glycosylated sites. We further analyzed the surface accessibility of spike proteins according to cryogenic electron microscopy and homolog-modeled structures, and available antibodies that bind to SARS-CoV-1. All 22\u00a0N-glycosylated sites of SARS-CoV-2 are modified by high-mannose N-glycans. MS/MS fragmentation clearly established the glycopeptide identities. Electron densities of glycans cover most of the spike receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, except YQAGSTPCNGVEGFNCYFPLQSYGFQPTNGVGYQ, similar to a region FSPDGKPCTPPALNCYWPLNDYGFYTTTGIGYQ in SARS-CoV-1. Other surface-exposed domains include those located on central helix, connecting region, heptad repeats, and N-terminal domain. Because the majority of antibody paratopes bind to the peptide portion with or without sugar modification, we propose a snake-catching model for predicted paratopes: a minimal length of peptide is first clamped by a paratope, and sugar modifications close to the peptide either strengthen or do not hinder the binding."}, {"pmid": 32205350, "pmcid": "PMC7179581", "title": "Tilorone, a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral for Emerging Viruses.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Ekins, Sean", "Madrid, Peter B"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205350", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tilorone is a 50-year-old synthetic small-molecule compound with antiviral activity that is proposed to induce interferon after oral administration. This drug is used as a broad-spectrum antiviral in several countries of the Russian Federation. We have recently described activity in vitro and in vivo against the Ebola virus. After a broad screening of additional viruses, we now describe in vitro activity against Chikungunya virus (CHIK) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)."}, {"pmid": 32281335, "title": "[Research progress of intervention of Chinese herbal medicine and its active components on human coronavirus].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Yu-Shi", "Cong, Wei-Hong", "Zhang, Jing-Jing", "Guo, Fei-Fei", "Li, Hong-Mei"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281335", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak caused by 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) is still spreading, posing a great threat to the safety and health of general population. However, there have not been any effective drugs for treatment, with symptomatic treatment and prevention prevailing. The treatment plans of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS) are often used for reference in clinic. The advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in treating SARS and MERS are that it can intervene and block the progression of disease in early stage, significantly reduce symptoms, shorten the treatment duration of patients, reduce complications and side effects caused by hormone therapy. The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) belongs to the category of TCM epidemic diseases. Chinese patent medicines and prescriptions in medical observation and clinical treatment were recommended in the &quot;pneumonia diagnosis and treatment plan for new coronavirus infection&quot;(trial version fifth) of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Qingfei Paidu Decotion was recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. TCM shows good clinical efficacy and great potential in the treatment of COVID-19. Previous studies of TCM have shown broad-spectrum antiviral activity, providing a variety of sources for the discovery of new antiviral drugs. In this paper, we reviewed traditional Chinese medicines and its active ingredients in the hope of bringing novel inspirations to the drug screening and clinical treatment for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32313877, "pmcid": "PMC7164852", "title": "COVID-19 Epidemic and Enhancing China's National Biosecurity System.", "journal": "J Biosaf Biosecur", "authors": ["Wang, Xiaoli"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313877", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434339, "title": "Testing for COVID-19: a few points to remember.", "journal": "Cas Lek Cesk", "authors": ["Kratka, Zuzana", "Luxova, Stepanka", "Malickova, Karin", "Furst, Tomas", "Simkova, Halina"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434339", "countries": ["Germany", "Czechia"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diagnostic approaches to COVID-19 include clinical history, PCR tests for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus and detection of antibodies. By combining these three approaches, the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can be examined in healthcare teams. The aim of the study was to examine the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a population of healthcare professionals 6 - 8 weeks after the first COVID-19 case was detected in the Czech Republic. A total of 269 subjects were enrolled in the study (187 women, 82 men) with a median age of 45.9 years (21 - 71 years). We used a questionnaire to ascertain travel history and clinical signs of any respiratory tract infection. Blood samples were collected, and IgG levels were analysed in all samples. The level of IgA antibodies was analysed in those positive for IgG. PCR testing was performed in cases testing positive for presence of antibodies. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test system for SARS-CoV-2 from Euroimmun (Germany) was used to analyse immunoglobulin levels. 17 % of the tested cohort reported symptoms compatible with COVID-19 and 35.8\u00a0% reported history of international travel. There were 5 subjects positive IgG cases (of 269; 1.85\u00a0%), and one IgA positive and IgG borderline positive subject (0.37\u00a0%). There was only one PCR positive subject. Anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were thus detected in 2.22% of participating health professionals. This article shows the pitfalls of the testing methods and highlights the necessity of using a correct testing algorithm, considering the character of the tested population and the expected low prevalence."}, {"pmid": 32503799, "title": "Abrupt deterioration and pulmonary embolism in COVID-19: a case report.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Motwani, Manish"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503799", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A case is presented highlighting pulmonary embolism as an important complication of COVID-19 and the abruptness with which deterioration and widespread pulmonary infiltrates can develop even after relatively normal initial investigations, illustrating the importance of follow-up. The role of CT scanning in COVID-19 is also discussed."}, {"pmid": 32451080, "pmcid": "PMC7144664", "title": "A possible strategy to fight COVID-19: Interfering with spike glycoprotein trimerization.", "journal": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun", "authors": ["Bongini, Pietro", "Trezza, Alfonso", "Bianchini, Monica", "Spiga, Ottavia", "Niccolai, Neri"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451080", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent release of COVID-19 spike glycoprotein allows detailed analysis of the structural features that are required for stabilizing the infective form of its quaternary assembly. Trying to disassemble the trimeric structure of COVID-19 spike glycoprotein, we analyzed single protomer surfaces searching for concave moieties that are located at the three protomer-protomer interfaces. The presence of some druggable pockets at these interfaces suggested that some of the available drugs in Drug Bank could destabilize the quaternary spike glycoprotein formation by binding to these pockets, therefore interfering with COVID-19 life cycle. The approach we propose here can be an additional strategy to fight against the deadly virus. Ligands of COVID-19 spike glycoprotein that we have predicted in the present computational investigation, might be the basis for new experimental studies in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo."}, {"pmid": 32405515, "pmcid": "PMC7217798", "title": "Dataset for country profile and mobility analysis in the assessment of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Ribeiro-Dantas, Marcel da Camara", "Alves, Gisliany", "Gomes, Rafael B", "Bezerra, Leonardo C T", "Lima, Luciana", "Silva, Ivanovitch"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405515", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Understanding the COVID-19 pandemic is a multidisciplinary effort that requires a significant number of variables. This dataset comprises (i) sociodemographic characteristics, compiled from 35 datasets obtained at UN Data; (ii) mobility metrics that can assist the analysis of social distancing, from Google Community Mobility Reports and; (iii) daily counts of cases and deaths by COVID-19, from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering. This unified dataset ranges from February 15, 2020 to April 26, 2020, a total of 72 days, and is provided as a collection of time series for 131 countries with 192 variables. The pipeline to preprocess and generate the dataset, along with the dataset itself, are versioned with the Data Version Control tool (DVC) and are thus easily reproducible."}, {"pmid": 32505245, "title": "COVID-19 vaccine development pipeline gears up.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Mullard, Asher"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505245", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338706, "pmcid": "PMC7197601", "title": "Myocarditis revealing COVID-19 infection in a young patient.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Paul, Jean-Francois", "Charles, Pierre", "Richaud, Clemence", "Caussin, Christophe", "Diakov, Christelle"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338706", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406594, "pmcid": "PMC7273002", "title": "The Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Diabetes Mellitus and Secondary Hyperglycaemia Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: a Single-center, Retrospective, Observational Study in Wuhan.", "journal": "Diabetes Obes Metab", "authors": ["Zhang, Yang", "Li, Haichao", "Zhang, Jian", "Cao, Yedi", "Zhao, Xue", "Yu, Nan", "Gao, Ying", "Ma, Jing", "Zhang, Hong", "Zhang, Junqing", "Guo, Xiaohui", "Liu, Xinmin"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406594", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19, limited information is available on diabetic patients with COVID-19. We retrospectively analysed 166 COVID-19 patients at Tongji Hospital (Wuhan) from February 8 to March 21, 2020. Clinical characteristics and outcomes (as of April 4, 2020) were compared among control (group 1), secondary hyperglycaemia (group 2: no diabetes history, FPG levels \u22657.0\u2009mmol/L once and HbA1c values <6.5%) and diabetic (group 3) patients. Compared to group 1, groups 2 and 3 had higher rates of leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, eosinopenia, and levels of sCRP, ferritin and d-dimer (P\u2009<\u20090.05 for all). Group 2 patients have higher levels of LDH, prevalence of liver dysfunction and increased IL-8 than those in group 1, a higher prevalence of increased IL-8 was found in group 2 than in group 3 (P\u2009<\u20090.05 for all). The proportions of critical patients in groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher compared to group 1 (38.1%, 32.8% vs. 9.5%, P\u2009<\u20090.05 for both). Groups 2 and 3 had significantly longer hospital stays than group 1, which was nearly one week longer. The composite outcomes risks were 5.47 (1.56-19.82) and 2.61 (0.86-7.88) times greater in group 2 and 3 than in group 1. Hyperglycemia in both diabetes and secondary hyperglycemia patients with COVID-19 may indicate poor prognoses. There were differences between secondary hyperglycemia and diabetes patients. We recommend that clinicians pay more attention to the blood glucose status of COVID-19 patients, even those not diagnosed with diabetes before admission."}, {"pmid": 32526191, "title": "Pathologists in pursuit of the COVID-19 culprit.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yi, Eunhee S", "Cecchini, Matthew J", "Bois, Melanie C"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526191", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303590, "pmcid": "PMC7164679", "title": "Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Rockx, Barry", "Kuiken, Thijs", "Herfst, Sander", "Bestebroer, Theo", "Lamers, Mart M", "Oude Munnink, Bas B", "de Meulder, Dennis", "van Amerongen, Geert", "van den Brand, Judith", "Okba, Nisreen M A", "Schipper, Debby", "van Run, Peter", "Leijten, Lonneke", "Sikkema, Reina", "Verschoor, Ernst", "Verstrepen, Babs", "Bogers, Willy", "Langermans, Jan", "Drosten, Christian", "Fentener van Vlissingen, Martje", "Fouchier, Ron", "de Swart, Rik", "Koopmans, Marion", "Haagmans, Bart L"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303590", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recently identified in patients with an acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To compare its pathogenesis with that of previously emerging coronaviruses, we inoculated cynomolgus macaques with SARS-CoV-2 or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and compared the pathology and virology with historical reports of SARS-CoV infections. In SARS-CoV-2-infected macaques, virus was excreted from nose and throat in the absence of clinical signs and detected in type I and II pneumocytes in foci of diffuse alveolar damage and in ciliated epithelial cells of nasal, bronchial, and bronchiolar mucosae. In SARS-CoV infection, lung lesions were typically more severe, whereas they were milder in MERS-CoV infection, where virus was detected mainly in type II pneumocytes. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19-like disease in macaques and provides a new model to test preventive and therapeutic strategies."}, {"pmid": 32510978, "title": "Overcoming Barriers: The Endothelium As a Linchpin of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pathogenesis?", "journal": "Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol", "authors": ["Gustafson, Dakota", "Raju, Sneha", "Wu, Ruilin", "Ching, Crizza", "Veitch, Shawn", "Rathnakumar, Kumaragurubaran", "Boudreau, Emilie", "Howe, Kathryn L", "Fish, Jason E"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510978", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic involving >5\u2009500\u2009000 cases worldwide as of May 26, 2020. The culprit is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, which invades cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. While the majority of patients mount an appropriate antiviral response and recover at home, others progress to respiratory distress requiring hospital admission for supplemental oxygen. In severe cases, deterioration to acute respiratory distress syndrome necessitating mechanical ventilation, development of severe thrombotic events, or cardiac injury and dysfunction occurs. In this review, we highlight what is known to date about coronavirus disease 2019 and cardiovascular risk, focusing in on the putative role of the endothelium in disease susceptibility and pathogenesis. Approach and Results: Cytokine-driven vascular leak in the lung alveolar-endothelial interface facilitates acute lung injury in the setting of viral infection. Given that the virus affects multiple organs, including the heart, it likely gains access into systemic circulation by infecting or passing from the respiratory epithelium to the endothelium for viral dissemination. Indeed, cardiovascular complications of coronavirus disease 2019 are highly prevalent and include acute cardiac injury, myocarditis, and a hypercoagulable state, all of which may be influenced by altered endothelial function. Notably, the disease course is worse in individuals with preexisting comorbidities that involve endothelial dysfunction and may be linked to elevated ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) expression, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Rapidly emerging data on coronavirus disease 2019, together with results from studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1, are providing insight into how endothelial dysfunction may contribute to the pandemic that is paralyzing the globe. This may, in turn, inform the design of biomarkers predictive of disease course, as well as therapeutics targeting pathogenic endothelial responses."}, {"pmid": 32388117, "pmcid": "PMC7252133", "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prevention: Virtual classroom education for hand hygiene.", "journal": "Nurse Educ Pract", "authors": ["Ng, Yuet-Ming", "Or, Pui Lai Peggy"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388117", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has spread rapidly in Asia, Europe, the Middle East and the Americas. Considering the recent outbreak of COVID-19, some precautionary measures have been announced, including campus class suspensions. Nursing campus courses have also been suspended, and there may be a learning gap between hand hygiene theory and clinical training for nursing students. A virtual classroom education approach may help address the learning gap by providing ongoing theoretical strengthening of hand hygiene during clinical nursing training. This editorial proposes a 3-step virtual classroom education approach to support nursing educators in online theoretical hand hygiene enhancement."}, {"pmid": 32485131, "title": "Positive Public Health Ethics: Toward Flourishing and Resilient Communities and Individuals.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Prah Ruger, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485131", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a global contagion of unprecedented proportions and health, economic, and social consequences. As with many health problems, its impact is uneven. This article argues the COVID-19 pandemic is a global health injustice due to moral failures of national governments and international organizations to prepare for, prevent and control it. Global and national health communities had a moral obligation to act in accordance with the current state of knowledge of pandemic preparedness. This obligation-a positive duty to develop and implement systems to reduce threats to and safeguard individuals' and, communities' abilities to flourish-stems from theories of global health justice and governance. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed and amplified the fragility and deficiencies in our global and domestic health institutions and systems. Moving forward, positive public health ethics is needed to set ethical standards for building and operating robust public health systems for resilient individuals and communities."}, {"pmid": 32428315, "pmcid": "PMC7267117", "title": "Immunosuppressive treatment for systemic sclerosis - therapeutic challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Blicharz, Leszek", "Czuwara, Joanna", "Samochocki, Zbigniew", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Olszewska, Malgorzata", "Rudnicka, Lidia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428315", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472202, "pmcid": "PMC7259874", "title": "Tele-ophthalmology amid COVID-19 pandemic-Hong Kong experience.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Wong, Jasper Ka Wai", "Shih, Kendrick Co", "Chan, Jonathan Cheuk Hung", "Lai, Jimmy Shiu Ming"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472202", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243592, "pmcid": "PMC7228405", "title": "Positive externalities of an epidemic: The case of the coronavirus (COVID-19) in China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Okyere, Michael A", "Forson, Richmond", "Essel-Gaisey, Felix"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243592", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360242, "title": "COVID-19 Illness and Heart Failure: A Missing Link?", "journal": "JACC Heart Fail", "authors": ["Mehra, Mandeep R", "Ruschitzka, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360242", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506145, "title": "Long-term intubation and high rate of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients might determine an unprecedented increase of airway stenoses: a call to action from the European Laryngological Society.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Piazza, Cesare", "Filauro, Marta", "Dikkers, Frederik G", "Nouraei, S A Reza", "Sandu, Kishore", "Sittel, Christian", "Amin, Milan R", "Campos, Guillermo", "Eckel, Hans E", "Peretti, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506145", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, may need intensive care unit (ICU) admission in up to 12% of all positive cases for massive interstitial pneumonia, with possible long-term endotracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation and subsequent tracheostomy. The most common airway-related complications of such ICU maneuvers are laryngotracheal granulomas, webs, stenosis, malacia and, less commonly, tracheal necrosis with tracheo-esophageal or tracheo-arterial fistulae. This paper gathers the opinions of experts of the Laryngotracheal Stenosis Committee of the European Laryngological Society, with the aim of alerting the medical community about the possible rise in number of COVID-19-related laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS), and the aspiration of paving the way to a more rationale concentration of these cases within referral specialist airway centers. A range of prevention strategies, diagnostic work-up, and therapeutic approaches are reported and framed within the COVID-19 pandemic context. One of the most important roles of otolaryngologists when encountering airway-related signs and symptoms in patients with previous ICU hospitalization for COVID-19 is to maintain a high level of suspicion for LTS development, and share it with colleagues and other health care professionals. Such a condition requires specific expertise and should be comprehensively managed in tertiary referral centers."}, {"pmid": 32479908, "pmcid": "PMC7256530", "title": "Nasoseptal Flap Necrosis After Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery in the Setting of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Talmor, Guy", "Grube, Jordon G", "Eloy, Jean Anderson", "Liu, James K", "Hsueh, Wayne D"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479908", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel viral strain known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created a worldwide pandemic known as Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Early reports from China highlighted the risks associated with performing endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery in patients with SARS-CoV-2. We present a rare complication of nasoseptal flap (NSF) necrosis associated with COVID-19, further emphasizing the challenges of performing these procedures in this era. A 78-year-old male underwent an extended endoscopic endonasal transplanum resection of a pituitary macroadenoma for decompression of the optic chiasm. The resulting skull base defect was repaired using a pedicled nasoseptal flap (NSF). The patient developed meningitis and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak on post-operative day thirteen requiring revision repair of the defect. Twelve days later, he developed persistent fevers and rhinorrhea. The patient was re-explored endoscopically, and the NSF was noted to be necrotic and devitalized with evident CSF leakage. At that time, the patient tested positive for Sars-CoV-2. Post-operatively, he developed acute respiratory distress syndrome complicated by hypoxic respiratory failure and death. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of NSF necrosis in a patient with COVID-19. We postulate that the thrombotic complications of COVID-19 may have contributed to vascular pedicle thrombosis and NSF necrosis. Although the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and its effect on the nasal tissues is still being elucidated, this case highlights some challenges of performing endoscopic skull base surgery in the era of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32219440, "pmcid": "PMC7184481", "title": "Are certain drugs associated with enhanced mortality in COVID-19?", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Goldstein, Mark R", "Poland, Gregory A", "Graeber, Charles W"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219440", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145717, "title": "[Diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19: acute kidney injury cannot be ignored].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, X H", "Sun, R H", "Chen, D C"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145717", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199619, "pmcid": "PMC7156121", "title": "The characteristics and clinical value of chest CT images of novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Zhao, X", "Liu, B", "Yu, Y", "Wang, X", "Du, Y", "Gu, J", "Wu, X"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199619", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the characteristics and clinical value of chest computed tomography (CT) images of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). Clinical data and CT images of 80 cases of NCP were collected. The clinical manifestations and laboratory test results of the patients were analysed. The lesions in each lung segment of the patient's chest CT images were characterised. Lesions were scored according to length and diffusivity. The main clinical manifestations were fever, dry cough, fatigue, a little white sputum, or diarrhoea. A total of 1,702 scored lesions were found in the first chest CT images of 80 patients. The lesions were located mainly in the subpleural area of the lungs (92.4%). Most of the lesions were ground-glass opacity, and subsequent fusions could increase in range and spread mainly in the subpleural area. Pulmonary consolidation accounted for 44.1% of all of the lesions. Of the 80 cases, 76 patients (95%) had bilateral lung disease, four (5%) patients had unilateral lung disease, and eight (10%) patients had cord shadow. The chest CT of NCP patients is characterised by the onset of bilateral ground-glass lesions located in the subpleural area of the lung, and progressive lesions that result in consolidation with no migratory lesions. Pleural effusions and mediastinal lymphadenopathy are rare. As patients can have inflammatory changes in the lungs alongside a negative early nucleic acid test, chest CT, in combination with epidemiological and laboratory tests, is a useful examination to evaluate the disease and curative effect."}, {"pmid": 32239587, "pmcid": "PMC7228325", "title": "Comment on \"COVID-19 and psoriasis: Is it time to limit treatment with immunosuppressants? A call for action\".", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Abdelmaksoud, Ayman", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Vestita, Michelangelo"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239587", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372435, "pmcid": "PMC7267456", "title": "Drug repurposing in the era of COVID-19: a call for leadership and government investment.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Martin, Jennifer H", "Bowden, Nikola A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372435", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304512, "pmcid": "PMC7188024", "title": "Obstetricians on the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Front Lines and the Confusing World of Personal Protective Equipment.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Jamieson, Denise J", "Steinberg, James P", "Martinello, Richard A", "Perl, Trish M", "Rasmussen, Sonja A"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304512", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As health care systems struggle to maintain adequate supplies of personal protective equipment, there is confusion and anxiety among obstetricians and others about how to best protect themselves, their coworkers, and their patients. Although use of personal protective equipment is a critical strategy to protect health care personnel from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), other strategies also need to be implemented on labor and delivery units to reduce the risk of health care-associated transmission, including screening of all pregnant women who present for care (case identification), placing a mask on and rapidly isolating ill pregnant women, and minimizing the number of personnel who enter the room of an ill patient (physical distancing). Although the mechanism of transmission of COVID-19 is not known with certainty, current evidence suggests that COVID-19 is transmitted primarily through respiratory droplets. Therefore, strict adherence to hand hygiene and consistent use of recommended personal protective equipment are cornerstones for reducing transmission. In addition, it is critical that health care professionals receive training on and practice correct donning (putting on) and doffing (removing) of personal protective equipment and avoid touching their faces as well as their facial protection to minimize self-contamination."}, {"pmid": 32504965, "pmcid": "PMC7245265", "title": "Management of maternal resuscitation and category 1 cesarean delivery in a Covid-19 suspect parturient.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Oh, Ting Ting", "Lew, Eileen", "Sng, Ban Leong"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504965", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502096, "title": "Are COVID-19 patients with hypertension at higher risk in China?", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Wang, Siqi", "Chen, Yan", "Wang, Lu", "Liu, Huan", "Han, Ping"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502096", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32193314, "title": "Preventing COVID-19 prejudice in academia.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Rzymski, Piotr", "Nowicki, Michal"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193314", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307192, "pmcid": "PMC7159874", "title": "Embracing telemedicine into your otolaryngology practice amid the COVID-19 crisis: An invited commentary.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Pollock, Kim", "Setzen, Michael", "Svider, Peter F"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307192", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has quickly and radically altered how Otolaryngologists provide patient care in the outpatient setting. Continuity of care with established patients as well as establishment of a professional relationship with new patients is challenging during this Public Health Emergency (PHE). Many geographic areas are under \"stay at home\" or \"shelter in place\" directives from state and local governments to avoid COVID-19 exposure risks. Medicare has recently allowed \"broad flexibilities to furnish services using remote communications technology to avoid exposure risks to health care providers, patients, and the community.\" [1] The implementation of telemedicine, or virtual, services, will help the Otolaryngologists provide needed care to patients while mitigating the clinical and financial impact of the pandemic. The significant coding and billing issues related to implementing telemedicine services are discussed to promote acceptance of this technology by the practicing Otolaryngologist. Of particular importance, outpatient visit Current Procedural Terminology\u00ae codes (99201-99215) may be used for telehealth visits performed in real-time audio and video."}, {"pmid": 32448084, "title": "Analytical comparisons of SARS-COV-2 detection by qRT-PCR and ddPCR with multiple primer/probe sets.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Xinjin", "Feng, Jiangpeng", "Zhang, Qiuhan", "Guo, Dong", "Zhang, Lu", "Suo, Tao", "Hu, Wenjia", "Guo, Ming", "Wang, Xin", "Huang, Zhixiang", "Xiong, Yong", "Chen, Guozhong", "Chen, Yu", "Lan, Ke"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448084", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Different primers/probes sets have been developed all over the world for the nucleic acid detection of SARS-CoV-2 by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) as a standard method. In our recent study, we explored the feasibility of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for clinical SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection compared with qRT-PCR using the same primer/probe sets issued by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) targeting viral ORF1ab or N gene, which showed that ddPCR could largely minimize the false negatives reports resulted by qRT-PCR [Suo T, Liu X, Feng J, et al. ddPCR: a more sensitive and accurate tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection in low viral load specimens. medRxiv [Internet]. 2020;2020.02.29.20029439. Available from: https://medrxiv.org/content/early/2020/03/06/2020.02.29.20029439.abstract]. Here, we further stringently compared the performance of qRT-PCR and ddPCR for 8 primer/probe sets with the same clinical samples and conditions. Results showed that none of 8 primer/probe sets used in qRT-PCR could significantly distinguish true negatives and positives with low viral load (10-4 dilution). Moreover, false positive reports of qRT-PCR with UCDC-N1, N2 and CCDC-N primers/probes sets were observed. In contrast, ddPCR showed significantly better performance in general for low viral load samples compared to qRT-PCR. Remarkably, the background readouts of ddPCR are relatively lower, which could efficiently reduce the production of false positive reports."}, {"pmid": 32489438, "pmcid": "PMC7259397", "title": "Spectrum of histopathological findings in coronavirus disease-19, Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Med", "authors": ["Alsaad, Khaled O", "Arabi, Yaseen M", "Hajeer, Ali H"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489438", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335681, "pmcid": "PMC7188166", "title": "Letter: Maintaining Neurosurgical Resident Education and Safety During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Bray, David P", "Stricsek, Geoffrey P", "Malcolm, James", "Gutierrez, Juanmarco", "Greven, Alexander", "Barrow, Daniel L", "Rodts, Gerald E", "Gary, Matthew F", "Refai, Daniel"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335681", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316751, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: reassembly attack of coronavirus.", "journal": "Int J Environ Health Res", "authors": ["Yang, Chenglei", "Qiu, Xue", "Fan, Haoran", "Jiang, Mei", "Lao, Xiaojie", "Zeng, Yukeng", "Zhang, Zhiming"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316751", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There have been three major global outbreaks of acute respiratory disease caused by coronavirus in the last two decades. The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) first emerged in Wuhan, China, is the most dangerous, which spread to 163 countries and 6 continents and caused a major public health emergency worldwide. The outbreak is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2\u00a0(SARS-CoV-2) originated from bats, which spreads rapidly from human to human. As of 17 March 2020, there have been 179,112 confirmed cases and 7426 deaths worldwide, with a mortality rate of 4.1%. There is currently no effective treatment or approved vaccine, so isolating the source of infection and blocking the routes of transmission is important. In this article, we summarized the worldwide epidemic trend of COVID-19 and discussed its epidemiological characteristics, prevention and control measures. We hope this article could provide experience and help for global epidemic prevention and control."}, {"pmid": 32359839, "pmcid": "PMC7166011", "title": "Symptomatic COVID-19 in Eye Professionals in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Qiao, Chunyan", "Zhang, Hui", "He, Mingguang", "Ying, Guishuang", "Chen, Changzheng", "Song, Yanping", "Oatts, Julius", "Liu, Zhonghua", "Xing, Yiqiao", "Xiao, Zefeng", "Ke, Min", "Ye, Ya", "Chen, Xiaoniao", "Luo, Jihong", "Han, Ying", "Wang, Ningli"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359839", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462677, "title": "Arboviral diseases and COVID-19 in Brazil: Concerns regarding climatic, sanitation and endemic scenario.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ribeiro, Victoria Stadler Tasca", "Telles, Joao Paulo", "Tuon, Felipe Francisco"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462677", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Brazil is witnessing a massive increase of COVID-19 cases and may face some difficulties, not only regarding to other respiratory pathogens, but also to other relevant issues parallelly occurring, for instance, the beggining of autumn and winter seasons, which provides a longer period with high transmissibility of respiratory viroses. Additionally, Brazil is localized in a geographical tropical area with relevant arboviral diseases, where Dengue fever presented highest incidence during March-June, mainly at Southeast and Midwest regions, where probably it will occur overlapping curves of arboviruses and COVID-19, which will overload our public health system. The main affected \u00e1reas by COVID-19 in Brazil were the same that presented 66% of the Dengue fever cases in Brazil. Moreover, it is importante to highlight the difficulty found to distinguish Dengue fever and COVID-19 and its implications, which present similar laboratorial and clinical characteristics. Besides that, it has been pointed out false-positive results in serological tests for Dengue fever, which later were confirmed as COVID-19. These issues demand urgent attention,once they culminate in serious and devastating impacts in the Brazilian health system, public health, and social conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32527844, "title": "Neurovascular Complications in COVID-19 Infection: Case Series.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Franceschi, A M", "Arora, R", "Wilson, R", "Giliberto, L", "Libman, R B", "Castillo, M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527844", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a series of 10 hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus 2019 infections who developed severe neurovascular complications and discuss the possible reasons for these findings and their relationship to the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32444295, "pmcid": "PMC7211592", "title": "Atypical presentation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444295", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488877, "title": "COVID-19: Finding silver linings for dental education.", "journal": "J Dent Educ", "authors": ["Saeed, Sophia G", "Bain, Jennifer", "Khoo, Edmund", "Siqueira, Walter L"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488877", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394236, "pmcid": "PMC7211560", "title": "Evaluation of coagulation function by rotation thromboelastometry in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Pavoni, Vittorio", "Gianesello, Lara", "Pazzi, Maddalena", "Stera, Caterina", "Meconi, Tommaso", "Frigieri, Francesca Covani"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394236", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia suffered both high thrombotic and bleeding risk. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on coagulation and fibrinolysis is not well known. We conducted a retrospective study of critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) a cause of severe COVID-19 pneumonia and we evaluated coagulation function using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) on day of admission (T0) and 5 (T5) and 10 (T10) days after admission to ICU. Coagulation standard parameters were also evaluated. Forty patients were enrolled into the study. The ICU and the hospital mortality were 10% and 12.5%, respectively. On ICU admission, prothrombin time was slightly reduced and it increased significantly at T10 (T0\u2009=\u200965.1\u2009\u00b1\u20099.8 vs T10\u2009=\u200985.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5, p\u2009=\u20090.002), while activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen values were higher at T0 than T10 (32.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9 vs 27.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1, p\u2009=\u20090.017 and 895.1\u2009\u00b1\u2009110 vs 332.5\u2009\u00b1\u200950, p\u2009=\u20090.002, respectively); moreover, whole blood thromboelastometry profiles were consistent with hypercoagulability characterized by an acceleration of the propagation phase of blood clot formation [i.e., CFT below the lower limit in INTEM 16/40 patients (40%) and EXTEM 20/40 patients (50%)] and significant higher clot strength [MCF above the upper limit in INTEM 20/40 patients (50%), in EXTEM 28/40 patients (70%) and in FIBTEM 29/40 patients (72.5%)]; however, this hypercoagulable state persists in the first five days, but it decreases ten day after, without returning to normal values. No sign of secondary hyperfibrinolysis or sepsis induced coagulopathy (SIC) were found during the study period. In six patients (15%) a deep vein thrombosis and in 2 patients (5%) a thromboembolic event, were found; 12 patients (30%) had a catheter-related\u00a0thrombosis. ROTEM analysis confirms that patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia had a hypercoagulation state that persisted over time."}, {"pmid": 32479413, "title": "Telehealth as a Bright Spot in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations From the \"Frontweb\".", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Olayiwola, J Nwando", "Magana, Candy", "Harmon, Ashley", "Nair, Shalina", "Esposito, Erica", "Harsh, Christine", "Forrest, L Arick", "Wexler, Randy"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479413", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the telehealth tipping point in the practice of family medicine and primary care in the United States, making telehealth not just a novel approach to care but also necessary for public health safety. Social distancing requirements and stay at home orders have shifted patient care from face-to-face in primary care offices to virtual care from clinicians' homes or offices, moving to a new frontline which we call the \"frontweb.\" Our Telehealth Workgroup employed the Clinical Transformation in Technology implementation framework to accelerate telehealth expansion and to develop a consensus document for clinician recommendations in providing remote virtual care during the pandemic. In a few weeks, telehealth went from under 5% of patient visits to almost 93% of patient visits, while maintaining high levels of patient satisfaction. In this paper, we share clinician recommendations and guidance gleaned from this transition to the frontweb, offering a systematic approach for ensuring \"webside\" success."}, {"pmid": 32443022, "pmcid": "PMC7273958", "title": "Pediatric Endoscopy in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Position Paper.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Walsh, Catharine M", "Fishman, Douglas S", "Lerner, Diana G"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443022", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The delivery of endoscopic care is changing rapidly in the era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) Endoscopy and Procedures Committee has formulated this statement to offer practical guidance to help standardize endoscopy services for pediatric patients with the aim of minimizing COVID-19 transmission to staff, patients, and caregivers and to conserve personal protective equipment (PPE) during this critical time. Appropriate use of PPE is essential to minimize transmission and preserve supply. Pediatric endoscopic procedures are considered at high risk for COVID-19 transmission. We recommend that all pediatric endoscopic procedures are done in a negative pressure room with all staff using proper airborne, contact, and droplet precautions regardless of patient risk stratification. This includes appropriate use of a filtering face-piece respirator (N95, N99, FFP2/3, or PAPR), double gloves, facial protection (full visor and/or face shield), full body water-resistant disposable gown, shoe covers and a hairnet. In deciding which endoscopic procedures should proceed, it is important to weigh the risks and benefits to optimize healthcare delivery and minimize risk. To inform these decisions, we propose a framework for stratifying procedures as emergent (procedures that need to PROCEEED), urgent (PAUSE, weigh the benefits and risks in deciding whether to proceed) and elective (POSTPONE procedures). This statement was based on emerging evidence and is meant as a guide. It is important that all endoscopy facilities where pediatric procedures are performed follow current recommendations from public health agencies within their jurisdiction regarding infection prevention and control of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32511744, "title": "Approaching COVID-19 - bedside strategies for intensive care.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Gustavo, Betonico", "Lima, Emerson", "Tome, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511744", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) urged a never-seen coordinated global response to prepare the health system, including primary care, hospital facilities and intensive care units (ICUs). Lessons have been learned from countries who suffered the pandemic at the beginning, helping the ones which are on different phases of the spreading curve. Currently, optimizing intensive care resources is mandatory as admittance to the ICUs remains rising exponentially. While public and private health system struggle for changing the slope of the curve, intensivists prepare the facilities for a tsunami of respiratory failure patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32405094, "pmcid": "PMC7219419", "title": "How SARS-CoV-2 is forcing us to reconsider and reorganize our daily neurosurgical practice.", "journal": "Neurochirurgie", "authors": ["Chibbaro, S", "Ganau, M", "Todeschi, J", "Proust, F", "Cebula, H"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405094", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526511, "title": "A potential role for cyclophosphamide in the mitigation of acute respiratory distress syndrome among patients with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Revannasiddaiah, Swaroop", "Kumar Devadas, Santhosh", "Palassery, Rasmi", "Kumar Pant, Nirdosh", "Maka, Vinayak V"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526511", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While humanity struggles to develop a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, it is imperative that effective and affordable therapeutic strategies be evolved. Since a majority of the SARS-CoV-2 deaths are due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a strategy to mitigate the same could save countless lives. Since SARS-CoV-2 related ARDS has a strong immunological component, many investigators are utilizing monoclonal antibodies against IL-6, TNF-alpha and CCR5. However, targeting a single cytokine with an expensive monoclonal antibody could be a less pragmatic approach. We propose the use of cyclophosphamide as an immunomodulator, given its proven role in various settings including autoimmune diseases, and in the post-haploidentical stem cell transplant. Cyclophosphamide could deplete cytotoxic and effector T cell populations while relatively sparing the regulatory T cells (Tregs). Cyclophosphamide could tip the balance away from the overtly pro-inflammatory and could be a less expensive and effective alternative to the currently investigated monoclonal antibodies."}, {"pmid": 32473114, "pmcid": "PMC7251354", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Screening All Pregnant Women Admitted To Labor And Delivery For The Virus Responsible For COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Henderson, Cassandra E", "Jackman, Janelle M", "Rezai, Shadi"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473114", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518448, "pmcid": "PMC7270560", "title": "Covid-19 escalates.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Vaughan, Adam"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518448", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "WHO calls for more testing as countries worldwide bring in strict measures to slow new coronavirus's spread, reports Adam Vaughan."}, {"pmid": 32306491, "pmcid": "PMC7264604", "title": "Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients: Risk factors, predictors, and complications: A review.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Aghagoli, Ghazal", "Gallo Marin, Benjamin", "Soliman, Luke B", "Sellke, Frank W"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306491", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory complications have been well remarked in the novel coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19), yet an emerging body of research indicates that cardiac involvement may be implicated in poor outcomes for these patients. This review seeks to gather and distill the existing body of literature that describes the cardiac implications of COVID-19. The English literature was reviewed for papers dealing with the cardiac effects of COVID-19. Notably, COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease are counted in greater frequency in intensive care unit settings, and ultimately suffer greater rates of mortality. Other studies have noted cardiac presentations for COVID-19, rather than respiratory, such as acute pericarditis and left ventricular dysfunction. In some patients there has been evidence of acute myocardial injury, with correspondingly increased serum troponin I levels. With regard to surgical interventions, there is a dearth of data describing myocardial protection during cardiac surgery for COVID-19 patients. Although some insights have been garnered in the study of cardiovascular diseases for these patients, these insights remain fragmented and have yet to cement clear guidelines for actionable clinical practice. While some information is available, further studies are imperative for a more cohesive understanding of the cardiac pathophysiology in COVID-19 patients to promote more informed treatment and, ultimately, better clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32454188, "pmcid": "PMC7245297", "title": "Correlation between viral RNA shedding and serum antibodies in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Jin, Cheng Cheng", "Zhu, Li", "Gao, Chun", "Zhang, Sheng"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454188", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396628, "pmcid": "PMC7239120", "title": "Presumed COVID-19 Index Case on Diamond Princess cruise ship and Evacuees to Hong Kong.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Leung, Wai Shing", "Chan, Jacky Man Chun", "Chik, Thomas Shiu Hong", "Lau, Daphne Pui Ling", "Choi, Chris Yau Chung", "Lau, Alicia Wing Tung", "Tsang, Owen Tak Yin"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396628", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474630, "pmcid": "PMC7260475", "title": "Radiographic findings in 240 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: time-dependence after the onset of symptoms.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Vancheri, Sergio Giuseppe", "Savietto, Giovanni", "Ballati, Francesco", "Maggi, Alessia", "Canino, Costanza", "Bortolotto, Chandra", "Valentini, Adele", "Dore, Roberto", "Stella, Giulia Maria", "Corsico, Angelo Guido", "Iotti, Giorgio Antonio", "Mojoli, Francesco", "Perlini, Stefano", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Preda, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474630", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the most frequent radiographic features of COVID-19 pneumonia and assess the effectiveness of chest X-ray (CXR) in detecting pulmonary alterations. CXR of 240 symptomatic patients (70% male, mean age 65\u2009\u00b1\u200916\u00a0years), with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by RT-PCR, was retrospectively evaluated. Patients were clustered in four groups based on the number of days between symptom onset and CXR: group A (0-2\u00a0days), 49 patients; group B (3-5), 75 patients; group C (6-9), 85 patients; and group D (>\u20099), 31 patients. Alteration's type (reticular/ground-glass opacity (GGO)/consolidation) and distribution (bilateral/unilateral, upper/middle/lower fields, peripheral/central) were noted. Statistical significance was tested using chi-square test. Among 240 patients who underwent CXR, 180 (75%) showed alterations (group A, 63.3%; group B, 72%; group C, 81.2%; group D, 83.9%). GGO was observed in 124/180 patients (68.8%), reticular alteration in 113/180 (62.7%), and consolidation in 71/180 (39.4%). Consolidation was significantly less frequent (p\u00a0<\u20090.01). Distribution among groups was as follows: reticular alteration (group A, 70.9%; group B, 72.2%; group C, 57.9%; group D, 46.1%), GGO (group A, 67.7%; group B, 62.9%; group C, 71%; group D, 76.9%), and consolidation (group A, 35.5%; group B, 31.4%; group C, 47.8%; group D, 38.5%). Alterations were bilateral in 73.3%. Upper, middle, and lower fields were involved in 36.7%, 79.4%, and 87.8%, respectively. Lesions were peripheral in 49.4%, central in 11.1%, or both in 39.4%. Upper fields and central zones were significantly less involved (p\u00a0<\u20090.01). The most frequent lesions in COVID-19 patients were GGO (intermediate/late phase) and reticular alteration (early phase) while consolidation gradually increased over time. The most frequent distribution was bilateral, peripheral, and with middle/lower predominance. Overall rate of negative CXR was 25%, which progressively decreased over time. \u2022 The predominant lung changes were GGO and reticular alteration, while consolidation was less frequent. \u2022 The typical distribution pattern was bilateral, peripheral, or both peripheral and central and involved predominantly the lower and middle fields. \u2022 Chest radiography showed lung abnormalities in 75% of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, range varied from 63.3 to 83.9%, respectively, at 0-2\u00a0days and >\u20099\u00a0days from the onset of symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32485541, "pmcid": "PMC7250746", "title": "Anesthetic management for cesarean birth in pregnancy with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Yilmaz, Resul", "Kilic, Fatma", "Arican, Sule", "Hacibeyoglu, Gulcin", "Suslu, Halime", "Koyuncu, Mustafa", "Tuncer Uzun, Sema"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485541", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221976, "title": "Strange days.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Eva, Kevin W"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221976", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276051, "pmcid": "PMC7144851", "title": "Development of Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays Targeting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "J Mol Diagn", "authors": ["Park, Gun-Soo", "Ku, Keunbon", "Baek, Seung-Hwa", "Kim, Seong-Jun", "Kim, Seung Il", "Kim, Bum-Tae", "Maeng, Jin-Soo"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276051", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic now has >2,000,000 confirmed cases worldwide. COVID-19 is currently diagnosed using quantitative RT-PCR methods, but the capacity of quantitative RT-PCR methods is limited by their requirement of high-level facilities and instruments. We developed and evaluated reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assays to detect genomic RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus of COVID-19. RT-LAMP assays reported in this study can detect as low as 100 copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Cross-reactivity of RT-LAMP assays to other human coronaviruses was not observed. A colorimetric detection method was adapted for this RT-LAMP assay\u00a0to enable\u00a0higher throughput."}, {"pmid": 32393589, "title": "Can cats become infected with Covid-19?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Zhai, Shao-Lun", "Wei, Wen-Kang", "Lv, Dian-Hong", "Zhai, Qi", "Wen, Xiao-Hui", "Xu, Zhi-Hong", "Sun, Ming-Fei", "Liao, Ming", "Chen, Qin-Ling"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393589", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196933, "title": "Coronaviruses and Immunosuppressed Patients: The Facts During the Third Epidemic.", "journal": "Liver Transpl", "authors": ["D'Antiga, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196933", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32092483, "pmcid": "PMC7106203", "title": "Genetic diversity and evolution of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Phan, Tung"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092483", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a viral respiratory illness caused by a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. The World Health Organization declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak a global public health emergency. We performed genetic analyses of eighty-six complete or near-complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and revealed many mutations and deletions on coding and non-coding regions. These observations provided evidence of the genetic diversity and rapid evolution of this novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32514104, "title": "Brain oxytocin: how puzzle stones from animal studies translate into psychiatry.", "journal": "Mol Psychiatry", "authors": ["Grinevich, Valery", "Neumann, Inga D"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514104", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The neuropeptide oxytocin has attracted great attention of the general public, basic neuroscience researchers, psychologists, and psychiatrists due to its profound pro-social, anxiolytic, and \"anti-stress\" behavioral and physiological effects, and its potential application for treatment of mental diseases associated with altered socio-emotional competence. During the last decade, substantial progress has been achieved in understanding the complex neurobiology of the oxytocin system, including oxytocinergic pathways, local release patterns, and oxytocin receptor distribution in the brain, as well as intraneuronal oxytocin receptor signaling. However, the picture of oxytocin actions remains far from being complete, and the central question remains: \"How does a single neuropeptide exert such pleotropic actions?\" Although this phenomenon, typical for many of about 100 identified neuropeptides, may emerge from the anatomical divergence of oxytocin neurons, their multiple central projections, distinct oxytocin-sensitive cell types in different brain regions, and multiple intraneuronal signaling pathways determining the specific cellular response, further basic studies are required. In conjunction, numerous reports on positive effects of intranasal application of oxytocin on human brain networks controlling socio-emotional behavior in health and disease require harmonic tandems of basic researchers and clinicians. During the COVID-19 crisis\u00a0in 2020, oxytocin research seems central as question of social isolation-induced inactivation of the oxytocin system, and buffering effects of either activation of the endogenous system or intranasal application of synthetic oxytocin need to be thoroughly investigated."}, {"pmid": 32286606, "pmcid": "PMC7184347", "title": "Priorities for Cath labs in the COVID-19 tsunami.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Campo, Gianluca", "Rapezzi, Claudio", "Tavazzi, Luigi", "Ferrari, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286606", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418207, "title": "A hybrid approach to tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients ensuring staff safety.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Tanaka, L", "Alexandru, M", "Jbyeh, S", "Desbrosses, C", "Bouzit, Z", "Cheisson, G", "Papon, J F", "Nevoux, J"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386903, "pmcid": "PMC7190483", "title": "[Eye protection in intensive care (French Ophthalmology Society-National Council of Professionals in Ophthalmology) during COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386903", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491106, "pmcid": "PMC7269530", "title": "Spatiotemporal evolution of coronavirus disease 2019 mortality in Brazil in 2020.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Souza, Carlos Dornels Freire de", "Santana, Gibson Barros de Almeida", "Leal, Thiago Cavalcanti", "Paiva, Joao Paulo Silva de", "Silva, Leonardo Feitosa da", "Santos, Lucas Gomes", "Machado, Michael Ferreira", "Correia, Divanise Suruagy", "Santos, Victor Santana", "Carmo, Rodrigo Feliciano do"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491106", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312355, "pmcid": "PMC7198452", "title": "Report from the COVID-19 Virtual Summit, Disaster Experts Speak Out, March 31, 2020.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Phillips, James P", "Ragazzoni, Luca", "Burel, W Greg", "Burkle, Frederick M", "Keim, Mark"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312355", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article captures the webinar narrative on March 31, 2020 of four expert panelists addressing three questions on the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Each panelist was selected for their unique personal expertise, ranging from front-line emergency physicians from multiple countries, an international media personality, former director of the US Strategic National Stockpile, and one of the foremost international experts in disaster medicine and public policy. The forum was moderated by one of the most widely recognized disaster medical experts in the world. The four panelists were asked three questions regarding the current pandemic as follows:1.What do you see as a particular issue of concern during the current pandemic?2.What do you see as a particular strength during the current pandemic?3.If you could change one thing about the way that the pandemic response is occurring, what would you change?"}, {"pmid": 32353722, "pmcid": "PMC7184995", "title": "Air quality status during 2020 Malaysia Movement Control Order (MCO) due to 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Abdullah, Samsuri", "Mansor, Amalina Abu", "Napi, Nur Nazmi Liyana Mohd", "Mansor, Wan Nurdiyana Wan", "Ahmed, Ali Najah", "Ismail, Marzuki", "Ramly, Zamzam Tuah Ahmad"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353722", "countries": ["China", "Malaysia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of respiratory illness which is proven to be infected by a 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) officially named as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first detected in Wuhan, China and has spread rapidly in other parts of China as well as other countries around the world, including Malaysia. The first case in Malaysia was identified on 25 January 2020 and the number of cases continue to rise since March 2020. Therefore, 2020 Malaysia Movement Control Order (MCO) was implemented with the aim to isolate the source of the COVID-19 outbreak. As a result, there were fewer number of motor vehicles on the road and the operation of industries was suspended, ergo reducing emissions of hazardous air pollutants in the atmosphere. We had acquired the Air Pollutant Index (API) data from the Department of Environment Malaysia on hourly basis before and during the MCO with the aim to track the changes of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at 68 air quality monitoring stations. It was found that the PM2.5 concentrations showed a high reduction of up to 58.4% during the MCO. Several red zone areas (>41 confirmed COVID-19 cases) had also reduced of up to 28.3% in the PM2.5 concentrations variation. The reduction did not solely depend on MCO, thus the researchers suggest a further study considering the influencing factors that need to be adhered to in the future."}, {"pmid": 32179508, "title": "Covid-19: junior doctor calls on colleagues to gather supplies for staff working long hours.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179508", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531129, "title": "Bedside veno-venous ECMO cannulation: A pertinent strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Calcaterra, Domenico", "Heather, Beth", "Kohl, Louis P", "Erickson, Heidi L", "Prekker, Matthew E"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531129", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patient selection and cannulation arguably represent the key steps for the successful implementation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Cannulation is traditionally performed in the operating room or the catheterization laboratory for a number of reasons, including physician preference and access to real-time imaging, with the goal of minimizing complications and ensuring appropriate cannula positioning. Nonetheless, the patients' critical and unstable conditions often require emergent initiation of ECMO and preclude the safe transport of the patient to a procedural suite. Therefore, with the objective of avoiding delay with the initiation of therapy and reducing the hazard of transport, we implemented a protocol for bedside ECMO cannulation. A total of 89 patients required ECMO support at Hennepin County Medical Center between March 2015 and December 2019. Twenty-eight (31%) required veno-venous support and were all cannulated at the bedside.\u00a0Overall survival was 71% with no morbidity or mortality related to the cannulation procedure. In the current pandemic, the strategy of veno-venous bedside cannulation may have additional benefits for the care of patients with refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus-disease-2019, decreasing the risk of exposure of health care worker or other patients to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 occurring during patient transport, preparation, or during disinfection of the procedural suite and the transportation pathway after ECMO cannulation."}, {"pmid": 32394338, "pmcid": "PMC7212843", "title": "End-of-life care in patients with a highly transmissible respiratory virus: implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Mottiar, Miriam", "Hendin, Ariel", "Fischer, Lisa", "Roze des Ordons, Amanda", "Hartwick, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394338", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Symptom management and end-of-life care are core skills for all physicians, although in ordinary times many anesthesiologists have fewer occasions to use these skills. The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant mortality over a short time and has necessitated an increase in provision of both critical care and palliative care. For anesthesiologists deployed to units caring for patients with COVID-19, this narrative review provides guidance on conducting goals of care discussions, withdrawing life-sustaining measures, and managing distressing symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32113880, "pmcid": "PMC7102529", "title": "Corona Virus International Public Health Emergencies: Implications for Radiology Management.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Zhang, Han-Wen", "Yu, Juan", "Xu, Hua-Jian", "Lei, Yi", "Pu, Zu-Hui", "Dai, Wei-Cai", "Lin, Fan", "Wang, Yu-Li", "Wu, Xiao-Liu", "Liu, Li-Hong", "Li, Min", "Mo, Yong-Qian", "Zhang, Hong", "Luo, Si-Ping", "Chen, Huan", "Lyu, Gui-Wen", "Zhou, Zhao-Guang", "Liu, Wei-Min", "Liu, Xiao-Lei", "Song, Hai-Yan", "Chen, Fu-Zhen", "Zeng, Liang", "Zhong, Hua", "Guo, Ting-Ting", "Hu, Ya-Qiong", "Yang, Xin-Xin", "Liu, Pin-Ni", "Li, Ding-Fu"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113880", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019 and has spread internationally. This article discusses how radiology departments can most effectively respond to this public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32473172, "pmcid": "PMC7255288", "title": "COVID-19 infection among medical staff in Wuhan: A retrospective study from a single-center.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Gong, Hongyun", "Feng, Hongyan", "Yu, Lushi", "Tu, Ning", "Wang, Tao", "Yao, Yi", "Wei, Yuehua", "Wang, Yi", "Hu, Weiguo", "Li, Xiangpan", "Fu, Zhenming", "Song, Xuhong", "Song, Qibin", "Bu, Lihong"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473172", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282387, "pmcid": "PMC7173142", "title": "A carton-made protective shield for suspicious/confirmed COVID-19 intubation and extubation during surgery.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Lai, Yu Yung", "Chang, Chia Ming"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282387", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224299, "pmcid": "PMC7195087", "title": "A role for CT in COVID-19? What data really tell us so far.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Hope, Michael D", "Raptis, Constantine A", "Shah, Amar", "Hammer, Mark M", "Henry, Travis S"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224299", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382127, "pmcid": "PMC7203720", "title": "NKG2A and COVID-19: another brick in the wall.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Antonioli, Luca", "Fornai, Matteo", "Pellegrini, Carolina", "Blandizzi, Corrado"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382127", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250482, "title": "Mitigating and learning from the impact of COVID-19 infection on addictive disorders.", "journal": "Addiction", "authors": ["Marsden, John", "Darke, Shane", "Hall, Wayne", "Hickman, Matt", "Holmes, John", "Humphreys, Keith", "Neale, Joanne", "Tucker, Jalie", "West, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250482", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32165426, "title": "Covid-19: WHO declares pandemic because of \"alarming levels\" of spread, severity, and inaction.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165426", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192424, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 7 (Reporting week ending 19:00 AEDT 14 March 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192424", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is the seventh epidemiological report for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reported in Australia as at 19:00 Australian Eastern Daylight Time [AEDT] 14 March 2020. It includes data on COVID-19 cases diagnosed in Australia, the international situation and a review of current evidence."}, {"pmid": 32245847, "title": "Covid-19: the crisis of personal protective equipment in the US.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kamerow, Douglas"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245847", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305287, "pmcid": "PMC7162739", "title": "Severe Acute Proximal Pulmonary Embolism and COVID-19: A Word of Caution.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Fabre, Olivier", "Rebet, Olivier", "Carjaliu, Ionut", "Radutoiu, Mihai", "Gautier, Laurence", "Hysi, Ilir"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305287", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute pulmonary embolism is an uncharacteristic presentation in patients with COVID-19. Here we describe the case of a young woman presenting with severe pulmonary embolism, without any associated symptoms of infections. A clot in a patent foramen ovale was noted. Despite emergency surgical embolectomy, her clinical conditions continued to deteriorate. She was put on extracorporeal life support and tested positive for COVID-19. She died of multiorgan failure on day 10. COVID-19 may have a thrombogenic effect and it may need to be considered in cases of pulmonary embolism and in absence of any obvious risk factor."}, {"pmid": 32344070, "pmcid": "PMC7194643", "title": "Reply: Calm before the storm: Understanding the role of Janus kinase inhibitors in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Peterson, Danielle", "Damsky, William", "King, Brett"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344070", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343999, "pmcid": "PMC7195266", "title": "A Focus on COVID-19: Fast and Accurate Information to Guide Management for Pandemic-Related Issues in Cardiac Patients.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Nattel, Stanley", "Graham, Michelle", "Krahn, Andrew"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343999", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308532, "pmcid": "PMC7154063", "title": "First COVID-19 infections in the Philippines: a case report.", "journal": "Trop Med Health", "authors": ["Edrada, Edna M", "Lopez, Edmundo B", "Villarama, Jose Benito", "Salva Villarama, Eumelia P", "Dagoc, Bren F", "Smith, Chris", "Sayo, Ana Ria", "Verona, Jeffrey A", "Trifalgar-Arches, Jamie", "Lazaro, Jezreel", "Balinas, Ellen Grace M", "Telan, Elizabeth Freda O", "Roy, Lynsil", "Galon, Myvie", "Florida, Carl Hill N", "Ukawa, Tatsuya", "Villaneuva, Annavi Marie G", "Saito, Nobuo", "Nepomuceno, Jean Raphael", "Ariyoshi, Koya", "Carlos, Celia", "Nicolasora, Amalea Dulcene", "Solante, Rontgene M"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308532", "countries": ["China", "Philippines"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is responsible for more fatalities than the SARS coronavirus, despite being in the initial stage of a global pandemic. The first suspected case in the Philippines was investigated on January 22, 2020, and 633 suspected cases were reported as of March 1. We describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the first two confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Philippines, both admitted to the national infectious disease referral hospital in Manila. Both patients were previously healthy Chinese nationals on vacation in the Philippines travelling as a couple during January 2020. Patient 1, a 39-year-old female, had symptoms of cough and sore throat and was admitted to San Lazaro Hospital in Manila on January 25. Physical examination was unremarkable. Influenza B, human coronavirus 229E, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were detected by PCR on initial nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NPS/OPS) swabs. On January 30, SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was reported to be detected by PCR on the initial swabs and she was identified as the first confirmed COVID-19 case in the Philippines. Her symptoms resolved, and she was discharged. Patient 2, a 44-year-old male, had symptoms of fever, cough, and chills. Influenza B and Streptococcus pneumoniae were detected by PCR on initial NPS/OPS swabs. He was treated for community-acquired pneumonia with intravenous antibiotics, but his condition deteriorated and he required intubation. On January 31, SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was reported to be detected by PCR on the initial swabs, and he was identified as the 2nd confirmed COVID-19 infection in the Philippines. On February 1, the patient's condition deteriorated, and following a cardiac arrest, it was not possible to revive him. He was thus confirmed as the first COVID-19 death outside of China. This case report highlights several important clinical and public health issues. Despite both patients being young adults with no significant past medical history, they had very different clinical courses, illustrating how COVID-19 can present with a wide spectrum of disease. As of March 1, there have been three confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Philippines. Continued vigilance is required to identify new cases."}, {"pmid": 32403011, "pmcid": "PMC7198396", "title": "Case fatality rate in patients with COVID-19 infection and its relationship with length of follow up.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Giorgi Rossi, Paolo", "Broccoli, Serena", "Angelini, Paola"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403011", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504168, "pmcid": "PMC7273117", "title": "Impact of glycoscience in fighting Covid-19.", "journal": "Glycoconj J", "authors": ["Adamo, Roberto", "Sonnino, Sandro"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504168", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321369, "title": "Impact of population movement on the spread of 2019-nCoV in China.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Chi", "Chen, Cai", "Shen, Wei", "Tang, Feng", "Lei, Hao", "Xie, Yu", "Cao, Zicheng", "Tang, Kang", "Bai, Junbo", "Xiao, Lehan", "Xu, Yutian", "Song, Yanxin", "Chen, Jiwei", "Guo, Zhihui", "Guo, Yichen", "Wang, Xiao", "Xu, Modi", "Zou, Huachun", "Shu, Yuelong", "Du, Xiangjun"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321369", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since Dec 2019, China has experienced an outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV. A travel ban was implemented for Wuhan, Hubei on Jan 23 to slow down the outbreak. We found a significant positive correlation between population influx from Wuhan and confirmed cases in other cities across China (R2\u2009=\u20090.85, P\u2009<\u20090.001), especially cities in Hubei (R2\u2009=\u20090.88, P\u2009<\u20090.001). Removing the travel restriction would have increased 118% (91%-172%) of the overall cases for the coming week, and a travel ban taken three days or a week earlier would have reduced 47% (26%-58%) and 83% (78%-89%) of the early cases. We would expect a 61% (48%-92%) increase of overall cumulative cases without any restrictions on returning residents, and 11% (8%-16%) increase if the travel ban stays in place for Hubei. Cities from Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Capital Economic Circle regions are at higher risk."}, {"pmid": 32515049, "title": "Letter from France.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Charriot, Jeremy", "Pahus, Laurie", "Chanez, Pascal", "Nagot, Nicolas", "Bourdin, Arnaud"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515049", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338732, "pmcid": "PMC7186911", "title": "Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Residents of a Large Homeless Shelter in Boston.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Baggett, Travis P", "Keyes, Harrison", "Sporn, Nora", "Gaeta, Jessie M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338732", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529654, "title": "Workplace responses to COVID-19 associated with mental health and work performance of employees in Japan.", "journal": "J Occup Health", "authors": ["Sasaki, Natsu", "Kuroda, Reiko", "Tsuno, Kanami", "Kawakami, Norito"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529654", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The study investigated the links between workplace measures implemented in response to COVID-19 with mental health and work performance of employees in Japan. This was a cross-sectional study of a sample from a cohort study of full-time employees. Participants (n\u00a0=\u00a01448) completed an online self-report questionnaire on March 19-22, 2020. Multiple linear regression was conducted to ascertain their fear of and worry associated with COVID-19, psychological distress, and work performance. The number of workplace measures correlated positively with respondents' fear of and worry associated with COVID-19 (adjusted standardized \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.123, P\u00a0<\u00a0.001), negatively with psychological distress and positively with work performance (adjusted standardized \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0-0.068, P\u00a0=\u00a0.032; adjusted standardized \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.101, P\u00a0=\u00a0.002; respectively). Workplace measures may promote and maintain the mental health and work performance of employees during the COVID-19 epidemic. The positive association between the number of measures and fear and worry about COVID-19 may reflect increased awareness about COVID-19 among employees resulted from taking the measures."}, {"pmid": 32412012, "pmcid": "PMC7144508", "title": "Perspectives on the death investigation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Forensic Sci Int", "authors": ["Xue, Ye", "Lai, Liying", "Liu, Chao", "Niu, Yong", "Zhao, Jian"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412012", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19 caused by 2019-nCoV outbreaks in most of the countries, has subsequently spread rapidly and become a pandemic worldwide. Due to the strong infectivity of COVID-19 and lack of experience of performing an autopsy in infectious disease-induced death, the pandemic created some challenges for forensic practitioners. In this article, we summarize the experience of how we handle the confirmed or suspected infectious cases and give some perspectives for the future."}, {"pmid": 32379114, "pmcid": "PMC7219849", "title": "Characteristics and Early Prognosis of COVID-19 Infection in Fracture Patients.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Mi, Bobin", "Chen, Lang", "Xiong, Yuan", "Xue, Hang", "Zhou, Wu", "Liu, Guohui"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379114", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Studies of the novel coronavirus-induced disease COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, have elucidated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of this disease in the general population. The present investigation summarizes the clinical characteristics and early prognosis of COVID-19 infection in a cohort of patients with fractures. Data on 10 patients with a fracture and COVID-19 were collected from 8 different hospitals located in the Hubei province from January 1, 2020, to February 27, 2020. Analyses of early prognosis were based on clinical outcomes and trends in laboratory results during treatment. All 10 patients presented with limited activity related to the fracture. The most common signs were fever, cough, and fatigue at the time of presentation (7 patients each). Other, less common signs included sore throat (4 patients), dyspnea (5 patients), chest pain (1 patient), nasal congestion (1 patient), headache (1 patient), dizziness (3 patients), abdominal pain (1 patient), and vomiting (1 patient). Lymphopenia (<1.0 \u00d7 10 cells/L) was identified in 6 of 10 patients, 9 of 9 patients had a high serum level of D-dimer, and 9 of 9 patients had a high level of C-reactive protein. Three patients underwent surgery, whereas the others were managed nonoperatively because of their compromised status. Four patients died on day 8 (3 patients) or day 14 (1 patient) after admission. The clinical outcomes for the surviving patients are not yet determined. The clinical characteristics and early prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with fracture tended to be more severe than those reported for adult patients with COVID-19 without fracture. This finding may be related to the duration between the development of symptoms and presentation. Surgical treatment should be carried out cautiously or nonoperative care should be chosen for patients with fracture in COVID-19-affected areas, especially older individuals with intertrochanteric fractures. Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32327407, "title": "Covid-19: BMA demands full death in service benefits for UK doctors.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327407", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401965, "pmcid": "PMC7196730", "title": "Spotlight for healthy adolescents and adolescents with preexisting chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Silva, Clovis Artur", "Queiroz, Ligia Bruni", "Fonseca, Claudia de Brito", "Silva, Luis Eduardo Vargas da", "Lourenco, Benito", "Marques, Heloisa Helena Sousa"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401965", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387794, "pmcid": "PMC7190494", "title": "Danger in danger: Interpersonal violence during COVID-19 quarantine.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Mazza, Marianna", "Marano, Giuseppe", "Lai, Carlo", "Janiri, Luigi", "Sani, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387794", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as physical or sexual violence, emotional abuse and stalking. It is typically experienced by women but can also be experienced by men. During quarantine due to the COVID-19, home risks to become a very dangerous place for victims of domestic violence. Very recent studies focusing on abusive situations during COVID emergence were identified in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase. During the COVID-19 outbreak people have encountered an invisible and dark enemy and an experience of impotence. Due to the feelings of frustration and agitation, aggression arises with possible transgenerational transmission of trauma and violence. Especially during quarantine and COVID emergence around the world there is a need of programs aimed to prevent acts of domestic violence and to achieve accurate assessment of multiple domains of abuse (psychological, physical, sexual) provided by trained multidisciplinary staffs (including psychiatrists, psychologists, social and legal services)."}, {"pmid": 32512007, "title": "Efficacy of Almitrine in The Treatment of Hypoxemia in Sars-Cov-2 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Barthelemy, Romain", "Blot, Pierre-Louis", "Tiepolo, Ambre", "Le Gall, Arthur", "Mayeur, Claire", "Gaugain, Samuel", "Morisson, Louis", "Gayat, Etienne", "Mebazaa, Alexandre", "Chousterman, Benjamin Glenn"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512007", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321705, "title": "Dynamic adaptation to COVID-19 in a Singapore paediatric emergency department.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Tan, Ronald Ming Ren", "Ong, Gene Yong-Kwang", "Chong, Shu-Ling", "Ganapathy, Sashikumar", "Tyebally, Arif", "Lee, Khai Pin"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321705", "countries": ["Singapore", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Singapore was one of the earliest countries affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with more laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in early February 2020 than any other country outside China. This short report is a narrative review of our tertiary paediatric emergency department (ED) perspective and experience managing the evolving outbreak situation. Logistic considerations included the segregation of the ED into physically separate high-risk, intermediate-risk and low-risk areas, with risk-adapted use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare personnel in each ED area. Workflow considerations included the progressive introduction of outpatient COVID-19 testing in the ED for enhanced surveillance; adapting the admissions process particularly for high-risk and intermediate-risk cases; and the management of unwell accompanying adult caregivers. Manpower considerations included the reorganisation of medical manpower into modular teams to mitigate the risk of hospital transmission of COVID-19. Future plans for a tiered isolation facility should include structural modifications for the permanent isolation facility such as anterooms for PPE donning/doffing; replication of key ED functions in the tent facility such as a separate resuscitation room and portable X-ray room; and refresher PPE training. Dynamic reassessment of ED workflow processes, in conjunction with the hospital and national public health response, may help in managing this novel disease entity."}, {"pmid": 32378774, "title": "COVID-19 in pregnancy.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Thornton, J G"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378774", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32280053, "pmcid": "PMC7144592", "title": "Human biases and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Intensive Crit Care Nurs", "authors": ["Garcia-Alamino, Josep M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32280053", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515398, "title": "Ethical dilemmas in clinical care during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Jafarey, Aamir"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515398", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a short span of a few weeks, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire world like no other event in modern history. Healthcare institutions and providers have been at the forefront of containing the ravages of this disease, and are experiencing unprecedented challenges. Medical decision making has become all the more complex because of the moral weight of difficult decisions that need to be made. This paper discusses three areas where ethical decision making is extremely important: dealing with those patients with COVID-19 who no longer have access to their doctors; following ethical criteria for assigning risky duties to healthcare professionals; and in making life and death decisions while allocating scarce resources. This paper describes a national level guidance document for the COVID-19 pandemic that is designed to facilitate ethical decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32394215, "pmcid": "PMC7213772", "title": "Colchicine may not be effective in COVID-19 infection; it may even be harmful?", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Cumhur Cure, Medine", "Kucuk, Adem", "Cure, Erkan"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394215", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484776, "title": "COVID-19 and obstructive sleep apnea.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Salles, Cristina", "Mascarenhas Barbosa, Hayssa"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484776", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410760, "pmcid": "PMC7220177", "title": "An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Verdoni, Lucio", "Mazza, Angelo", "Gervasoni, Annalisa", "Martelli, Laura", "Ruggeri, Maurizio", "Ciuffreda, Matteo", "Bonanomi, Ezio", "D'Antiga, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410760", "countries": ["Japan", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Bergamo province, which is extensively affected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic, is a natural observatory of virus manifestations in the general population. In the past month we recorded an outbreak of Kawasaki disease; we aimed to evaluate incidence and features of patients with Kawasaki-like disease diagnosed during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. All patients diagnosed with a Kawasaki-like disease at our centre in the past 5 years were divided according to symptomatic presentation before (group 1) or after (group 2) the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Kawasaki- like presentations were managed as Kawasaki disease according to the American Heart Association indications. Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS) was defined by presence of circulatory dysfunction, and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) by the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation criteria. Current or previous infection was sought by reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, and by serological qualitative test detecting SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG, respectively. Group 1 comprised 19 patients (seven boys, 12 girls; aged 3\u00b70 years [SD 2\u00b75]) diagnosed between Jan 1, 2015, and Feb 17, 2020. Group 2 included ten patients (seven boys, three girls; aged 7\u00b75 years [SD 3\u00b75]) diagnosed between Feb 18 and April 20, 2020; eight of ten were positive for IgG or IgM, or both. The two groups differed in disease incidence (group 1 vs group 2, 0\u00b73 vs ten per month), mean age (3\u00b70 vs 7\u00b75 years), cardiac involvement (two of 19 vs six of ten), KDSS (zero of 19 vs five of ten), MAS (zero of 19 vs five of ten), and need for adjunctive steroid treatment (three of 19 vs eight of ten; all p<0\u00b701). In the past month we found a 30-fold increased incidence of Kawasaki-like disease. Children diagnosed after the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic began showed evidence of immune response to the virus, were older, had a higher rate of cardiac involvement, and features of MAS. The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic was associated with high incidence of a severe form of Kawasaki disease. A similar outbreak of Kawasaki-like disease is expected in countries involved in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. None."}, {"pmid": 32307030, "pmcid": "PMC7203169", "title": "The fight against COVID-19: a report from the Italian trenches.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["De Leo, Diego", "Trabucchi, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307030", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32214086, "title": "Public Health Responses to COVID-19 Outbreaks on Cruise Ships - Worldwide, February-March 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Moriarty, Leah F", "Plucinski, Mateusz M", "Marston, Barbara J", "Kurbatova, Ekaterina V", "Knust, Barbara", "Murray, Erin L", "Pesik, Nicki", "Rose, Dale", "Fitter, David", "Kobayashi, Miwako", "Toda, Mitsuru", "Cantey, Paul T", "Scheuer, Tara", "Halsey, Eric S", "Cohen, Nicole J", "Stockman, Lauren", "Wadford, Debra A", "Medley, Alexandra M", "Green, Gary", "Regan, Joanna J", "Tardivel, Kara", "White, Stefanie", "Brown, Clive", "Morales, Christina", "Yen, Cynthia", "Wittry, Beth", "Freeland, Amy", "Naramore, Sara", "Novak, Ryan T", "Daigle, David", "Weinberg, Michelle", "Acosta, Anna", "Herzig, Carolyn", "Kapella, Bryan K", "Jacobson, Kathleen R", "Lamba, Katherine", "Ishizumi, Atsuyoshi", "Sarisky, John", "Svendsen, Erik", "Blocher, Tricia", "Wu, Christine", "Charles, Julia", "Wagner, Riley", "Stewart, Andrea", "Mead, Paul S", "Kurylo, Elizabeth", "Campbell, Stefanie", "Murray, Rachel", "Weidle, Paul", "Cetron, Martin", "Friedman, Cindy R"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32214086", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An estimated 30 million passengers are transported on 272 cruise ships worldwide each year* (1). Cruise ships bring diverse populations into proximity for many days, facilitating transmission of respiratory illness (2). SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has since spread worldwide to at least 187 countries and territories. Widespread COVID-19 transmission on cruise ships has been reported as well (3). Passengers on certain cruise ship voyages might be aged \u226565 years, which places them at greater risk for severe consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection (4). During February-March 2020, COVID-19 outbreaks associated with three cruise ship voyages have caused more than 800 laboratory-confirmed cases among passengers and crew, including 10 deaths. Transmission occurred across multiple voyages of several ships. This report describes public health responses to COVID-19 outbreaks on these ships. COVID-19 on cruise ships poses a risk for rapid spread of disease, causing outbreaks in a vulnerable population, and aggressive efforts are required to contain spread. All persons should defer all cruise travel worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32300537, "pmcid": "PMC7161495", "title": "The economic impact of the Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-2019): Implications for the mining industry.", "journal": "Extr Ind Soc", "authors": ["Laing, Timothy"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300537", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) global pandemic has not only caused infections and deaths, but it has also wreaked havoc with the global economy on a scale not seen since at least the Great Depression. Covid-19 has the potential to destroy individual livelihoods, businesses, industries and entire economies. The mining sector is not immune to these impacts, and the crisis has the potential to have severe consequences in the short, medium and long-term for the industry. Understanding these impacts, and analysing their significance for the industry, and the role it plays in wider economic development is a crucial task for academic research."}, {"pmid": 32487361, "pmcid": "PMC7243749", "title": "Breast reconstruction and the COVID-19 pandemic: A viewpoint.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Pace, Bruno Di", "Benson, John R", "Malata, Charles M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487361", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324443, "title": "Response to Letters to the Editor about the Safe Handling of Containers of Expressed Human Milk in all Settings During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Hum Lact", "authors": ["Marinelli, Kathleen Ann", "Lawrence, Robert Michael"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324443", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464095, "pmcid": "PMC7203029", "title": "Preying on Public Fears and Anxieties in a Pandemic: Businesses Selling Unproven and Unlicensed \"Stem Cell Treatments\" for COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell Stem Cell", "authors": ["Turner, Leigh"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464095", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of a global public health emergency, some businesses are taking advantage of widespread fears by marketing purported stem cell treatments for COVID-19. Such businesses target prospective clients with misleading claims, expose patients to potentially risky stem cell-based products, and undermine efforts to develop evidence-based treatments for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32500438, "pmcid": "PMC7271130", "title": "Epidemiology of the 2020 Pandemic of COVID-19 in the State of Texas: The First Month of Community Spread.", "journal": "J Community Health", "authors": ["Khose, Swapnil", "Moore, Justin Xavier", "Wang, Henry E"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500438", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is currently spreading rapidly across the United States. We provide a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 epidemiology across the state of Texas, which includes vast rural & vulnerable communities that may be disproportionately impacted by the spread of this new disease. All 254 Texas counties were included in this study. We examined the geographic variation of COVID-19 from March 1 through April 8, 2020 by extracting data on incidence and case fatality from various national and state datasets. We contrasted incidence and case fatality rates by county-level demographic and healthcare resource factors. Counties which are part of metropolitan regions, such as Harris and Dallas, experienced the highest total number of confirmed cases. However, the highest incidence rates per 100,000 population were in found in counties of Donley (353.5), Castro (136.4), Matagorda (114.4) and Galveston (93.4). Among counties with greater than 10 cases, the highest CFR were observed in counties of Comal (10.3%), Hockley (10%), Hood (10%), and Castro (9.1%). Counties with the highest CFR (>\u200910%) had a higher proportion of non-Hispanic Black residents, adults aged 65 and older, and adults smoking, but lower number of ICU beds per 100,000 population, and number of primary care physicians per 1000 population. Although the urban areas of Texas account for the majority of COVID-19 cases, the higher case-fatality rates and low health care capacity in rural areas need attention."}, {"pmid": 32517266, "title": "Propagation, Inactivation, and Safety Testing of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Jureka, Alexander S", "Silvas, Jesus A", "Basler, Christopher F"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517266", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019, a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, the capital of the Chinese province Hubei. Since then, SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for a worldwide pandemic resulting in over 4 million infections and over 250,000 deaths. The pandemic has instigated widespread research related to SARS-CoV-2 and the disease that it causes, COVID-19. Research into this new virus will be facilitated by the availability of clearly described and effective procedures that enable the propagation and quantification of infectious virus. As work with the virus is recommended to be performed at biosafety level 3, validated methods to effectively inactivate the virus to enable the safe study of RNA, DNA, and protein from infected cells are also needed. Here, we report methods used to grow SARS-CoV-2 in multiple cell lines and to measure virus infectivity by plaque assay using either agarose or microcrystalline cellulose as an overlay as well as a SARS-CoV-2 specific focus forming assay. We also demonstrate effective inactivation by TRIzol, 10% neutral buffered formalin, beta propiolactone, and heat."}, {"pmid": 32402655, "pmcid": "PMC7203057", "title": "Management of tracheostomy during COVID-19 outbreak: Heat and moisture exchanger filter and closed suctioning system.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["De Seta, Daniele", "Carta, Filippo", "Puxeddu, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402655", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463935, "title": "Nurses as Heroes, Warriors, and Political Activists.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Morin, Karen H", "Baptiste, Diana"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463935", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418213, "title": "Reproductive health paradigms in times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["David, Adamson", "Zev, Rosenwaks", "Van Der Spuy, Zephne", "Diaz Yamal, Ivonne"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418213", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For the past several months, we have witnessed one of the greatest global health challenges experienced by humankind. This unprecedented COVID-19 viral pandemic, characterized by its enigmatic nature and bewildering spread, respects no borders and has nearly paralyzed healthcare systems throughout the world. Indeed, in the absence of specific, proven medical interventions, healthcare systems have been overwhelmed, thus limiting their ability to treat patients with non-emergent medical conditions and those awaiting elective procedures. Although it is beyond the scope of this editorial to discuss what constitutes a necessary or elective procedure, this radical change in medical practice has had an enormous impact on discontinuation of fertility care services, especially the assisted reproductive technologies (ART). It is eminently clear that reducing or discontinuing elective procedures and essential ART treatments was crucial not only to enable hospitals and medical facilities to manage (or to treat) the explosive rise in SARS-CoV-2 patients, but also to reduce disease transmission vis-\u00e0-vis various mitigating strategies-especially individual isolation and social distancing, strategies utilized effectively in China and Italy."}, {"pmid": 32341285, "title": "Readying for a Post-COVID-19 World: The Case for Concurrent Pandemic Disaster Response and Recovery Efforts in Public Health.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Barnett, Daniel J", "Rosenblum, Andrew J", "Strauss-Riggs, Kandra", "Kirsch, Thomas D"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294265, "pmcid": "PMC7262351", "title": "Psoriasis health care in the time of the coronavirus pandemic: insights from dedicated centers in Sardinia (Italy).", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Atzori, L", "Mugheddu, C", "Addis, G", "Sanna, S", "Satta, R", "Ferreli, C", "Atzori, M G", "Montesu, M A", "Rongioletti, F"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294265", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482134, "title": "NLR: A Cost-effective Nomogram to Guide Therapeutic Interventions in COVID-19.", "journal": "Immunol Invest", "authors": ["Kerboua, Kheir Eddine"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482134", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 exhibits a non-yet elucidated heterogeneity dominated by mild form of the illness. Nevertheless, mortality is frequent among patients with a delayed innate immune response that suddenly exacerbates during the second week after admission leading to a lethal over inflammation. Therefore, this rapid and unpredictable deterioration requires timely prediction of COVID-19 refractoriness and critical illness. The two biomarkers readily available in routine laboratories, blood lymphocytes and neutrophil counts, are expected to provide an accurate clinical tool to incline reasonable medication and care because lymphopenia marks immune exhaustion while neutrophilia demonstrates the immunological exuberation. Meanwhile, combining the two parameters as a Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) helps to constitute a powerful predictive and prognostic nomogram. This scoring tool allows clinicians to stratify COVID-19 severities on admission and guide early interventions to accelerate recovery and shorten the course of disease in order to alleviate the shortage of medical resources and reduce mortality."}, {"pmid": 32359789, "pmcid": "PMC7177063", "title": "COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma: Now Is the Time for Better Science.", "journal": "Transfus Med Rev", "authors": ["Dzik, Sunny"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359789", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265220, "pmcid": "PMC7222643", "title": "Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19 infection: systematic review and critical appraisal.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wynants, Laure", "Van Calster, Ben", "Bonten, Marc M J", "Collins, Gary S", "Debray, Thomas P A", "De Vos, Maarten", "Haller, Maria C", "Heinze, Georg", "Moons, Karel G M", "Riley, Richard D", "Schuit, Ewoud", "Smits, Luc J M", "Snell, Kym I E", "Steyerberg, Ewout W", "Wallisch, Christine", "van Smeden, Maarten"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265220", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To review and critically appraise published and preprint reports of prediction models for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in patients with suspected infection, for prognosis of patients with covid-19, and for detecting people in the general population at risk of being admitted to hospital for covid-19 pneumonia. Rapid systematic review and critical appraisal. PubMed and Embase through Ovid, Arxiv, medRxiv, and bioRxiv up to 24 March 2020. Studies that developed or validated a multivariable covid-19 related prediction model. At least two authors independently extracted data using the CHARMS (critical appraisal and data extraction for systematic reviews of prediction modelling studies) checklist; risk of bias was assessed using PROBAST (prediction model risk of bias assessment tool). 2696 titles were screened, and 27 studies describing 31 prediction models were included. Three models were identified for predicting hospital admission from pneumonia and other events (as proxy outcomes for covid-19 pneumonia) in the general population; 18 diagnostic models for detecting covid-19 infection (13 were machine learning based on computed tomography scans); and 10 prognostic models for predicting mortality risk, progression to severe disease, or length of hospital stay. Only one study used patient data from outside of China. The most reported predictors of presence of covid-19 in patients with suspected disease included age, body temperature, and signs and symptoms. The most reported predictors of severe prognosis in patients with covid-19 included age, sex, features derived from computed tomography scans, C reactive protein, lactic dehydrogenase, and lymphocyte count. C index estimates ranged from 0.73 to 0.81 in prediction models for the general population (reported for all three models), from 0.81 to more than 0.99 in diagnostic models (reported for 13 of the 18 models), and from 0.85 to 0.98 in prognostic models (reported for six of the 10 models). All studies were rated at high risk of bias, mostly because of non-representative selection of control patients, exclusion of patients who had not experienced the event of interest by the end of the study, and high risk of model overfitting. Reporting quality varied substantially between studies. Most reports did not include a description of the study population or intended use of the models, and calibration of predictions was rarely assessed. Prediction models for covid-19 are quickly entering the academic literature to support medical decision making at a time when they are urgently needed. This review indicates that proposed models are poorly reported, at high risk of bias, and their reported performance is probably optimistic. Immediate sharing of well documented individual participant data from covid-19 studies is needed for collaborative efforts to develop more rigorous prediction models and validate existing ones. The predictors identified in included studies could be considered as candidate predictors for new models. Methodological guidance should be followed because unreliable predictions could cause more harm than benefit in guiding clinical decisions. Finally, studies should adhere to the TRIPOD (transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis) reporting guideline. Protocol https://osf.io/ehc47/, registration https://osf.io/wy245."}, {"pmid": 32392948, "title": "[Application of pulmonary ultrasound in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia in neonates].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Feng, X Y", "Tao, X W", "Zeng, L K", "Wang, W Q", "Li, G"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392948", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the application of pulmonary ultrasound in the diagnosis of neonatal COVID-19. Methods: In this retrospective study, the clinical data of 5 infants, who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology in Wuhan Children's Hospital from 31(st) January to 25(th) February 2020, were collected. Bedsides pulmondary ultrasound was conducted on admission, during the hospitalization, and before discharge, the result were compared with the chest X-ray or CT done at the same time. Results: Among the 5 cases who aged 1-18 days, 3 were male. The main clinical manifestations were respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. The pulmonary ultrasonography on admission showed abnormal pleural line and pulmonary edema of different severity in all 5 cases, presented as increase and fusion of B-line, and pulmonary interstitial syndrome; among them, one case also had a small-range consolidation. The chest CT on admission showed no obvious parenchymal infiltration in 2 cases, small strip or patchy high-density shadow in 2 cases, and ground glass change in one case. The re-examination of ultrosound during the hospitalization and at discharge showed improvement in all cases and were consistent with the chest X-ray taken at the same time. Conclusions: The main changes on the pulmonary ultrasonography in neonates with COVID-19 pneumonia are increase and fusion of B-line, abnormal pleural line, and alveolar interstitial syndrome, and may coexist with small range of pulmonary consolidation. The sensitivity of pulmonary ultrasound is higher than that of chest X-ray and CT in the diagnosis of pulmonary edema, and could be used in monitoring and evaluation of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32290856, "pmcid": "PMC7155160", "title": "The model of epidemic (COVID-19) prevention and control in rural of China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Fu, Bao", "Fu, Xiaoyun"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290856", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251798, "pmcid": "PMC7194885", "title": "Diagnostic value and dynamic variance of serum antibody in coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jin, Yujiao", "Wang, Miaochan", "Zuo, Zhongbao", "Fan, Chaoming", "Ye, Fei", "Cai, Zhaobin", "Wang, Ying", "Cui, Huaizhong", "Pan, Kenu", "Xu, Aifang"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251798", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the diagnostic value of serological testing and dynamic variance of serum antibody in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study retrospectively included 43 patients with a laboratory-confirmed infection and 33 patients with a suspected infection, in whom the disease was eventually excluded. The IgM/IgG titer of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay analysis. Compared to molecular detection, the sensitivities of serum IgM and IgG antibodies to diagnose COVID-19 were 48.1% and 88.9%, and the specificities were 100% and 90.9%, respectively.In the COVID-19 group, the IgM-positive rate increased slightly at first and then decreased over time; in contrast, the IgG-positive rate increased to 100% and was higher than IgM at all times. The IgM-positive rate and titer were not significantly different before and after conversion to virus-negative. The IgG-positive rate was up to 90% and not significantly different before and after conversion to virus-negative. However, the median IgG titer after conversion to virus-negative was double that before, and the difference was significant. Viral serological testing is an effective means of diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The positive rate and titer variance of IgG are higher than those of IgM in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32333489, "pmcid": "PMC7267516", "title": "Is gustatory impairment the first report of an oral manifestation in COVID-19?", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Vinayachandran, Divya", "Balasubramanian, SaravanaKarthikeyan"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333489", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243944, "pmcid": "PMC7151542", "title": "Safety of Ibuprofen in Patients With COVID-19: Causal or Confounded?", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Sodhi, Mohit", "Etminan, Mahyar"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243944", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492610, "pmcid": "PMC7242208", "title": "Role of a habitat's air humidity in Covid-19 mortality.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Biktasheva, Irina V"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492610", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Transient local over-dry environment might be a contributor and an explanation for the observed asynchronous local rises in Covid-19 mortality. We propose that a habitat's air humidity negatively correlate with Covid-19 morbidity and mortality, and support this hypothesis on the example of publicly available data from German federal states."}, {"pmid": 32061198, "title": "[Inhibitors of RAS Might Be a Good Choice for the Therapy of COVID-19 Pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Sun, M L", "Yang, J M", "Sun, Y P", "Su, G H"], "date": "2020-02-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061198", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infected patients by binding human ACE2, leading to severe pneumonia and highly mortality rate in patients. At present, there is no definite and effective treatment for COVID-19. ACE2 plays an important role in the RAS, and the imbalance between ACE/Ang II/AT1R pathway and ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas receptor pathway in the RAS system will lead to multi-system inflammation. Increased ACE and Ang II are poor prognostic factors for severe pneumonia. Animal studies have shown that RAS inhibitors could effectively relieve symptoms of acute severe pneumonia and respiratory failure. The binding of COVID-19 and ACE2 resulted in the exhaustion of ACE2, and then ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas receptor pathway was inhibited. The balance of the RAS system was broken, and this would lead to the exacerbation of acute severe pneumonia. Therefore, we speculate that ACEI and AT1R inhibitors could be used in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia under the condition of controlling blood pressure, and might reduce the pulmonary inflammatory response and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32203671, "pmcid": "PMC7193856", "title": "Rising to the Challenge of COVID-19: Advice for Pulmonary and Critical Care and an Agenda for Research.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Niederman, Michael S", "Richeldi, Luca", "Chotirmall, Sanjay H", "Bai, Chunxue"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203671", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402056, "pmcid": "PMC7221850", "title": "Characteristics and Outcomes of Recipients of Heart Transplant With Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Latif, Farhana", "Farr, Maryjane A", "Clerkin, Kevin J", "Habal, Marlena V", "Takeda, Koji", "Naka, Yoshifumi", "Restaino, Susan", "Sayer, Gabriel", "Uriel, Nir"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402056", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recipients of heart transplant (HT) may be at increased risk of adverse outcomes attributable to infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because of multiple comorbidities and clinically significant immunosuppression. To describe the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of recipients of HT with COVID-19. This case series from a single large academic heart transplant program in New York, New York, incorporates data from between March 1, 2020, and April 24, 2020. All recipients of HT followed up by this center who were infected with COVID-19 were included. Heart transplant and a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The primary measure was vital status at end of study follow-up. Secondary measures included patient characteristics, laboratory analyses, changes to immunosuppression, and treatment administered for COVID-19. Twenty-eight patients with HT received a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The median age was 64.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 53.5-70.5) years, 22 (79%) were men, and the median time from HT was 8.6 (IQR, 4.2-14.5) years. Comorbid conditions included hypertension in 20 patients (71%), diabetes in 17 patients (61%), and cardiac allograft vasculopathy in 16 patients (57%). Twenty-two participants (79%) were admitted for treatment, and 7 (25%) required mechanical ventilation. Most (13\u00a0of 17 [76%]) had evidence of myocardial injury (median high-sensitivity troponin T, 0.055 [IQR, 0.0205-0.1345] ng/mL) and elevated inflammatory biomarkers (median peak high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, 11.83 [IQR, 7.44-19.26] mg/dL; median peak interleukin 6, 105 [IQR, 38-296] pg/mL). Among patients managed at the study institution, mycophenolate mofetil was discontinued in 16 patients (70%), and 6 (26%) had a reduction in the dose of their calcineurin inhibitor. Treatment of COVID-19 included hydroxychloroquine (18 patients [78%]), high-dose corticosteroids (8 patients [47%]), and interleukin 6 receptor antagonists (6 patients [26%]). Overall, 7 patients (25%) died. Among 22 patients (79%) who were admitted, 11 (50%) were discharged home, 4 (18%) remain hospitalized at the end of the study, and 7 (32%) died during hospitalization. In this single-center case series, COVID-19 infection was associated with a case fatality rate of 25% in recipients of HT. Immunosuppression was reduced in most of this group of patients. Further study is required to evaluate the optimal approach to management of COVID-19 infection in the HT population."}, {"pmid": 32327200, "pmcid": "PMC7167559", "title": "Covid-19 and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2): Areas for research.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Omar, Michael Brandon"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327200", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360943, "pmcid": "PMC7192071", "title": "Pilgrimage and COVID-19: The risk among returnees from Muslim countries.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gu, Yuzhou", "Lu, Jianyun", "Yang, Zhicong"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360943", "countries": ["China", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has now spread to become a pandemic. We confirmed six Muslim pilgrims with COVID-19 among the passengers on a flight from Pakistan, following a border inspection in Guangzhou, China. We subsequently alerted home countries to prepare early in order to manage the risk from returning pilgrims. The resulting strategies of inspection and quarantine needed to cover those returning from all Muslim countries, not just Saudi Arabia."}, {"pmid": 32404623, "title": "Best Practice Guidelines for the Management of Acute Craniomaxillofacial Trauma During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Craniofac Surg", "authors": ["DeSerres, Joshua J", "Al-Shaqsi, Sultan Z", "Antonyshyn, Oleh M", "Fialkov, Jeffrey A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that is caused by severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Although elective surgical procedures are being cancelled in many parts of the world during the COVID-19 pandemic, acute craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma will continue to occur and will need to be appropriately managed. Surgical procedures involving the nasal, oral, or pharyngeal mucosa carry a high risk of transmission due to aerosolization of the virus which is known to be in high concentration in these areas. Intraoperative exposure to high viral loads through aerosolization carries a very high risk of transmission, and the severity of the disease contracted in this manner is worse than that transmitted through regular community transmission. This places surgeons operating in the CMF region at particularly high risk during the pandemic. There is currently a paucity of information to delineate the best practice for the management of acute CMF trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, a clear protocol describing optimal screening, timing of intervention and choice of personal protective equipment, is needed. The authors have proposed an algorithm for management of CMF trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that urgent and emergent CMF injuries are addressed appropriately while optimizing the safety of surgeons and other healthcare providers. The algorithm is based on available evidence at the time of writing. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve and more evidence and better testing becomes available, the algorithm should be modified accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32526016, "title": "Contact tracing: Essential to the public health response and our understanding of the epidemiology of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Althoff, Keri N", "Coburn, Sally B", "Nash, Denis"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283148, "pmcid": "PMC7151270", "title": "High-resolution computed tomographic imaging disclosing COVID-19 pneumonia: A powerful tool in diagnosis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Zili", "Shen, Yin", "Wang, Haijun", "Zhao, Lei", "Hu, Desheng"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283148", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452947, "title": "Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Patients: Early Experience From a Major Academic Medical Center in North America.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Osho, Asishana A", "Moonsamy, Philicia", "Hibbert, Kathryn A", "Shelton, Kenneth T", "Trahanas, John M", "Attia, Rizwan Q", "Bloom, Jordan P", "Onwugbufor, Michael T", "D'Alessandro, David A", "Villavicencio, Mauricio A", "Sundt, Thoralf M", "Crowley, Jerome C", "Raz, Yuval", "Funamoto, Masaki"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452947", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "VV ECMO can be utilized as an advanced therapy in select patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure refractory to traditional critical care management and optimal mechanical ventilation. Anticipating a need for such therapies during the pandemic, our center created a targeted protocol for ECMO therapy in COVID-19 patients that allows us to provide this life-saving therapy to our sickest patients without overburdening already stretched resources or excessively exposing healthcare staff to infection risk. As a major regional referral program, we used the framework of our well-established ECMO service-line to outline specific team structures, modified patient eligibility criteria, cannulation strategies, and management protocols for the COVID-19 ECMO program. During the first month of the COVID-19 outbreak in Massachusetts, 6 patients were placed on VV ECMO for refractory hypoxemic respiratory failure. The median (interquartile range) age was 47 years (43-53) with most patients being male (83%) and obese (67%). All cannulations were performed at the bedside in the intensive care unit in patients who had undergone a trial of rescue therapies for acute respiratory distress syndrome including lung protective ventilation, paralysis, prone positioning, and inhaled nitric oxide. At the time of this report, 83% (5/6) of the patients are still alive with 1 death on ECMO, attributed to hemorrhagic stroke. 67% of patients (4/6) have been successfully decannulated, including 2 that have been successfully extubated and one who was discharged from the hospital. The median duration of VV ECMO therapy for patients who have been decannulated is 12 days (4-18 days). This is 1 the first case series describing VV ECMO outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Our initial data suggest that VV ECMO can be successfully utilized in appropriately selected COVID-19 patients with advanced respiratory failure."}, {"pmid": 32367256, "pmcid": "PMC7197920", "title": "Nuclear medicine services after COVID-19: gearing up back to normality.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Huang, H L", "Gnanasegaran, G", "Paez, D", "Fanti, S", "Hacker, M", "Sathekge, M", "Bom, H S", "Cerci, J J", "Chiti, A", "Lan, X", "Herrmann, K", "Scott, A M", "Vinjamuri, S", "Dorbala, S", "Estrada, E", "Pellet, O", "Orellana, P", "El-Haj, N", "Giammarile, F", "Abdel-Wahab, M", "Bomanji, Jamshed"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367256", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32019754, "title": "China coronavirus: Hong Kong health staff strike to demand border closure as city records first death.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Parry, Jane"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32019754", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246117, "title": "How sewage could reveal true scale of coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246117", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281331, "title": "[Analysis on pattern of prescriptions and syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine for prevention and treatment of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Pang, Wen-Tai", "Jin, Xin-Yao", "Pang, Bo", "Yang, Feng-Wen", "Wang, Hui", "Liu, Chun-Xiang", "Zheng, Wen-Ke", "Zhang, Jun-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281331", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the regularity of prescription and clinical syndromes by analyzing the diagnosis and treatment protocols of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), so as to provide references for syndrome differentiation and relevant researches. The diagnosis and treatment protocols of COVID-19 published by national and regional health authorities were searched, and information was extracted in regard to disease stages, type of syndromes, and prescriptions, etc. Frequency statistics and relative analysis were used to analyze the rule of syndrome differentiation and prescription with TCM, and further discussion on the pathogenesis and progress of the disease. A total of 26 diagnosis and treatment protocols of TCM for COVID-19 were retrieved after screening(including 1 national scheme and 25 regional ones), among which 16 contained aspects of both prevention and treatment, 7 only involved treatment contents and 3 were prevention schemes. The courses of COVID-19 can be divided into early stage, middle stage, severe stage and recovery stage. The pathogeny of COVID-19 in TCM is damp-toxin, with the core pathogenesis of damp-toxin retention in lung and Qi repression. Its pathological features can be summarized as &quot;damp, toxin, obstruction, deficiency&quot;. The location of the disease is lung, always involving spleen and stomach, and may further affect heart and kidney in severe cases. The major treatments for each course are Fanghua Shizuo, Xuanfei Touxie(early stage); Qingre Jiedu, Xuanxie Feire(middle stage); Kaibi Gutuo, Huiyang Jiuni(severe stage); Qingjie Yure, Yiqi Yangyin(recovery stage). There were many diagnosis and treatment protocols for COVID-19 have been published, which generally followed the national edition, through with certain personalities in different regional protocols. There were common features with respect to the disease stage, syndrome differentiation, therapeutic principles and methods, as well as prescriptions; the treatment were generally carried out against the core pathogenesis and progress of the disease. Along with the deepening recognition of COVID-19, the diagnosis and treatment protocols are still need further concretization and standardization. We hope researchers and decision-makers can pay more attention to the treatment of Huayu Tongluo in severe and recovery period."}, {"pmid": 32239578, "pmcid": "PMC7228380", "title": "Priorities for global health community in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Rudnicka, Lidia", "Gupta, Mrinal", "Kassir, Martin", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239578", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427434, "title": "Covid-19 Crisis Triage - Optimizing Health Outcomes and Disability Rights.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Solomon, Mildred Z", "Wynia, Matthew K", "Gostin, Lawrence O"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427434", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425950, "pmcid": "PMC7205903", "title": "Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Front Immunol", "authors": ["Diao, Bo", "Wang, Chenhui", "Tan, Yingjun", "Chen, Xiewan", "Liu, Ying", "Ning, Lifen", "Chen, Li", "Li, Min", "Liu, Yueping", "Wang, Gang", "Yuan, Zilin", "Feng, Zeqing", "Zhang, Yi", "Wu, Yuzhang", "Chen, Yongwen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425950", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed great threat to human health. T cells play a critical role in antiviral immunity but their numbers and functional state in COVID-19 patients remain largely unclear. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the counts of T cells and serum cytokine concentration from data of 522 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and 40 healthy controls. In addition, the expression of T cell exhaustion markers were measured in 14 COVID-19 cases. Results: The number of total T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were dramatically reduced in COVID-19 patients, especially in patients requiring Intensive Care Unit (ICU) care. Counts of total T cells, CD8+ T cells or CD4+ T cells lower than 800, 300, or 400/\u03bcL, respectively, were negatively correlated with patient survival. T cell numbers were negatively correlated to serum IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-\u03b1 concentration, with patients in the disease resolution period showing reduced IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-\u03b1 concentrations and restored T cell counts. T cells from COVID-19 patients had significantly higher levels of the exhausted marker PD-1. Increasing PD-1 and Tim-3 expression on T cells was seen as patients progressed from prodromal to overtly symptomatic stages. Conclusions: T cell counts are reduced significantly in COVID-19 patients, and the surviving T cells appear functionally exhausted. Non-ICU patients with total T cells counts lower than 800/\u03bcL may still require urgent intervention, even in the immediate absence of more severe symptoms due to a high risk for further deterioration in condition."}, {"pmid": 32322964, "pmcid": "PMC7176314", "title": "Protective shields for ophthalmic equipment to minimise droplet transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Wong, Daniel H T", "Mak, Shiu Ting", "Yip, Nelson K F", "Li, Kenneth K W"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322964", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240549, "pmcid": "PMC7228342", "title": "Pivotal role of convalescent plasma in managing emerging infectious diseases.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Wong, Hoi-Kei", "Lee, Cheuk-Kwong"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240549", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436446, "title": "Older Workers on the COVID-19-Frontlines without Paid Sick Leave.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Ghilarducci, Teresa", "Farmand, Aida"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436446", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of COVID-19 has left many workers around the world - workers in food distribution, truckers, janitors, and home and personal health care workers - deeply concerned about contracting the virus from exposure at work. In particular, older workers in frontline occupations are vulnerable to illness and to the deadly and debilitating effects of COVID-19, especially with inadequate protective gear and inadequate sick leave. In the absence of strong unions, which ensure that employers provide workers with accurate information, robust training, adequate equipment, and paid leave in the event of quarantines or illness, the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for additional legislation to shore up worker protections and provide paid sick leave."}, {"pmid": 32284078, "pmcid": "PMC7184144", "title": "There is nothing new under the sun: ageism and intergenerational tension in the age of the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Ayalon, Liat"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284078", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345576, "pmcid": "PMC7174158", "title": "Covid-19: Round and oval areas of ground-glass opacity.", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Schmitt, W", "Marchiori, E"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345576", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377400, "pmcid": "PMC7189020", "title": "Correction: Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Tan, Li", "Wang, Qi", "Zhang, Duanyang", "Ding, Jinya", "Huang, Qianchuan", "Tang, Yi-Quan", "Wang, Qiongshu", "Miao, Hongming"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377400", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0148-4.]."}, {"pmid": 32394482, "pmcid": "PMC7272806", "title": "Disposable customized aerosol containment chamber for oral cancer biopsy: A novel technique during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Sharma, Sudhendu S", "Singh, Deepak K", "Yadav, Avadhesh K", "Swain, Jyotiranjan", "Kumar, Sundeep", "Jain, Deep K", "Prakash, Puneet"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394482", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437232, "title": "Viral Induced Genetics Revealed by Multi-Dimensional Precision Medicine Transcriptional Workflow Applicable to COVID-19.", "journal": "Physiol Genomics", "authors": ["Prokop, Jeremy W", "Shankar, Rama", "Gupta, Ruchir", "Leimanis, Mara L", "Nedveck, Derek", "Uhl, Katie", "Chen, Bin", "Hartog, Nicholas L", "Van Veen, Jason", "Sisco, Joshua S", "Sirpilla, Olivia", "Lydic, Todd A", "Boville, Brian", "Hernandez, Angel", "Braunreiter, Chi", "Kuk, ChiuYing C", "Singh, Varinder", "Mills, Joshua", "Wegener, Marc", "Adams, Marie", "Rhodes, Mary", "Bachmann, Andre S", "Pan, Wenjing", "Byrne-Steele, Miranda L", "Smith, D Casey", "Depinet, Mollye", "Brown, Brittany E", "Eisenhower, Mary", "Han, Jian", "Haw, Marcus", "Madura, Casey", "Sanfilippo, Dominic J", "Seaver, Laurie H", "Bupp, Caleb", "Rajasekaran, Surender"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437232", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Precision medicine requires the translation of basic biological understanding to medical insights, mainly applied to characterization of each unique patient. In many clinical settings, this requires tools that can be broadly used to identify pathology and risks. Patients often present to the intensive care unit with broad phenotypes, including multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) resulting from infection, trauma, or other disease processes. Etiology and outcomes are unique to individuals, making it difficult to cohort patients with MODS, but presenting a prime target for testing/developing tools for precision medicine. Using multitime point whole blood (cellular/acellular) total transcriptomics in 27 patients, we highlight the promise of simultaneously mapping viral/bacterial load, cell composition, tissue damage biomarkers, balance between syndromic biology versus environmental response, and unique biological insights in each patient using a single platform measurement. Integration of a transcriptome workflow yielded unexpected insights into the complex interplay between host genetics and viral/bacterial specific mechanisms, highlighted by a unique case of virally induced genetics (VIG) within one of these 27 patients. The power of RNA-Seq to study unique patient biology while investigating environmental contributions can be a critical tool moving forward for translational sciences applied to precision medicine."}, {"pmid": 32311643, "title": "Reorganisation of medical oncology departments during the novel coronavirus disease-19 pandemic: a nationwide Italian survey.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Indini, Alice", "Aschele, Carlo", "Cavanna, Luigi", "Clerico, Mario", "Daniele, Bruno", "Fiorentini, Giammaria", "Fioretto, Luisa", "Giordano, Monica", "Montesarchio, Vincenzo", "Ortega, Cinzia", "Pinotti, Graziella", "Scanni, Alberto", "Zamagni, Claudio", "Blasi, Livio", "Grossi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311643", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pandemic is a global health problem, which started to affect China by the end of 2019. In Europe, Italy has faced this novel disease entity (named novel coronavirus disease [COVID-19]) first and severely. COVID-19 represents a significant hurdle for public health services and a potential harm for patients with cancer. The Collegio Italiano dei Primari Oncologi Medici (CIPOMO) is an Italian association of head physicians in oncology departments, which promotes working and research activities in oncology on a national basis. In the midst of the epidemic in Italy, the CIPOMO promoted a national survey aiming to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on clinical activity of oncologists and the implementation of containment measures of COVID-19 diffusion. Overall, 122 head physicians participated in this survey, with a homogeneous distribution on the national territory. Results show that the following measures for oncologic patients have been promptly implemented through the whole country: use of protective devices, triage of patients accessing the hospital, delay of non-urgent visits and use of telemedicine. Results of this survey suggest that Italian oncology departments have promptly set a proactive approach to the actual emergency. Oncologists need to preserve the continuum of care of patients, as the benefit of ensuring a well-delivered anti-cancer treatment plan outweighs the risk of COVID-19 infection. International cooperation is an important starting point, as heavily affected nations can serve as an example to find out ways to safely preserve health activity during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32479826, "pmcid": "PMC7259899", "title": "Mitigating the risks of surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Myles, Paul S", "Maswime, Salome"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479826", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419713, "pmcid": "PMC7225691", "title": "Preparedness and response to Pediatric CoVID-19 in European Emergency Departments: a survey of the REPEM and PERUKI networks.", "journal": "Ann Emerg Med", "authors": ["Bressan, Silvia", "Buonsenso, Danilo", "Farrugia, Ruth", "Parri, Niccolo'", "Oostenbrink, Rianne", "Titomanlio, Luigi", "Roland, Damian", "Nijman, Ruud G", "Maconochie, Ian", "Da Dalt, Liviana", "Mintegi, Santiago"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419713", "countries": ["Ireland", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to describe the variability and identify gaps in preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic in European EDs caring for children. A cross-sectional point prevalence survey, was developed and disseminated through the pediatric emergency medicine research networks for Europe (REPEM) and the United Kingdom and Ireland (PERUKI). We aimed to include ten EDs for countries with > 20 million inhabitants and five EDs for less populated countries, unless the number of eligible EDs was below five. ED directors or their delegates completed the survey between March 20th and 21st to report practice at that time. We used descriptive statistics to analyse data. Overall 102 centers from 18 countries (86% response rate) completed the survey: 34% did not have an ED contingency plan for pandemics and 36% had never had simulations for such events. Wide variation on PPE items was shown for recommended PPE use at pre-triage and for patient assessment, with 62% of centers experiencing shortage in one or more PPE items, most frequently FFP2/N95 masks. Only 17% of EDs had negative pressure isolation rooms. COVID-19 positive ED staff was reported in 25% of centers. We found variation and identified gaps in preparedness and response to the COVID-19 epidemic across European referral EDs for children. A lack in early availability of a documented contingency plan, provision of simulation training, appropriate use of PPE, and appropriate isolation facilities emerged as gaps that should be optimized to improve preparedness and inform responses to future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32534452, "title": "From causes of aging to death from COVID-19.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Blagosklonny, Mikhail V"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534452", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is not deadly early in life, but mortality increases exponentially with age, which is the strongest predictor of mortality. Mortality is higher in men than in women, because men age faster, and it is especially high in patients with age-related diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension, because these diseases are manifestations of aging and a measure of biological age. At its deepest level, aging (a program-like continuation of developmental growth) is driven by inappropriately high cellular functioning. The hyperfunction theory of quasi-programmed aging explains why COVID-19 vulnerability (lethality) is an age-dependent syndrome, linking it to other age-related diseases. It also explains inflammaging and immunosenescence, hyperinflammation, hyperthrombosis, and cytokine storms, all of which are associated with COVID-19 vulnerability. Anti-aging interventions, such as rapamycin, may slow aging and age-related diseases, potentially decreasing COVID-19 vulnerability."}, {"pmid": 32468167, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on urologic practice, medical education, and training.", "journal": "Int Urol Nephrol", "authors": ["Diokno, Ananias C", "Devries, Jeffrey M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468167", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307215, "pmcid": "PMC7151319", "title": "Assessing the Burden of Nondeferrable Major Uro-oncologic Surgery to Guide Prioritisation Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from Three Italian High-volume Referral Centres.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Campi, Riccardo", "Amparore, Daniele", "Capitanio, Umberto", "Checcucci, Enrico", "Salonia, Andrea", "Fiori, Cristian", "Minervini, Andrea", "Briganti, Alberto", "Carini, Marco", "Montorsi, Francesco", "Serni, Sergio", "Porpiglia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307215", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an unprecedented emergency scenario for all aspects of health care, including urology. At the time of writing, Italy was the country with the highest rates of both infection and mortality. A panel of experts recently released recommendations for prioritising urologic surgeries in a low-resource setting. Of note, major cancer surgery represents a compelling challenge. However, the burden of these procedures and the impact of such recommendations on urologic practice are currently unknown. To fill this gap, we assessed the yearly proportion of high-priority major uro-oncologic surgeries at three Italian high-volume academic centres. Of 2387 major cancer surgeries, 32.3% were classified as high priority (12.6% of radical nephroureterectomy, 17.3% of nephrectomy, 33.9% of radical prostatectomy, and 36.2% of radical cystectomy cases). Moreover, 26.4% of high-priority major cancer surgeries were performed in patients at higher perioperative risk (American Society of Anesthesiologists score \u22653), with radical cystectomy contributing the most to this cohort (50%). Our real-life data contextualise ongoing recommendations on prioritisation strategies during the current COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for better patient selection for surgery. We found that approximately two-thirds of elective major uro-oncologic surgeries can be safely postponed or changed to another treatment modality when the availability of health care resources is reduced. PATIENT SUMMARY: We used data from three high-volume Italian academic urology centres to evaluate how many surgeries performed for prostate, bladder, kidney, and upper tract urothelial cancer can be postponed in times of emergency. We found that approximately two-thirds of patients with these cancers do not require high-priority surgery. Conversely, of patients requiring high-priority surgery, approximately one in four is considered at high perioperative risk. These patients may pose challenges in allocation of resources in critical scenarios such as the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32419218, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on the provision of cardiac surgical services.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Mohamed Abdel Shafi, Ahmed", "Hewage, Savini", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419218", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic caused by COVID-19 has had a significant global impact on healthcare systems. One implication of this pandemic is the cancellation of elective cardiac surgeries and the\u00a0centralization of services. As a result, hospitals in Europe, North America, and the United Kingdom have had to alter the services offered to patients to be able to cope with service provision for COVID infected patients. Data should be collected during this period to provide a good insight following the lockdown period to understand the implication of such service alteration. Future research should also focus on the effects on long-term mortality and morbidity as well as financial implications on hospitals as a result of these changes."}, {"pmid": 32429705, "title": "COVID-19 and Nutrition: The Need for Initiatives to Promote Healthy Eating and Prevent Obesity in Childhood.", "journal": "Child Obes", "authors": ["Ribeiro, Karla Danielly da S", "Garcia, Ligia Rejane Siqueira", "Dametto, Juliana Fernandes Dos Santos", "Assuncao, Debora Gabriela Fernandes", "Maciel, Bruna Leal Lima"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429705", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297841, "title": "Trying To Do It All: Being a Physician-Mother during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Chowdhry, Shilpa Mukunda"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297841", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472745, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and human milk: What is the evidence?", "journal": "Matern Child Nutr", "authors": ["Lackey, Kimberly A", "Pace, Ryan M", "Williams, Janet E", "Bode, Lars", "Donovan, Sharon M", "Jarvinen, Kirsi M", "Seppo, Antti E", "Raiten, Daniel J", "Meehan, Courtney L", "McGuire, Mark A", "McGuire, Michelle K"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472745", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as one of the most compelling and concerning public health challenges of our time. To address the myriad issues generated by this pandemic, an interdisciplinary breadth of research, clinical and public health communities has rapidly engaged to collectively find answers and solutions. One area of active inquiry is understanding the mode(s) of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Although respiratory droplets are a known mechanism of transmission, other mechanisms are likely. Of particular importance to global health is the possibility of vertical transmission from infected mothers to infants through breastfeeding or consumption of human milk. However, there is limited published literature related to vertical transmission of any human coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2) via human milk and/or breastfeeding. Results of the literature search reported here (finalized on 17 April 2020) revealed a single study providing some evidence of vertical transmission of human coronavirus 229E; a single study evaluating presence of SARS-CoV in human milk (it was negative); and no published data on MERS-CoV and human milk. We identified 13 studies reporting human milk tested for SARS-CoV-2; one study (a non-peer-reviewed preprint) detected the virus in one milk sample, and another study detected SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG in milk. Importantly, none of the studies on coronaviruses and human milk report validation of their collection and analytical methods for use in human milk. These reports are evaluated here, and their implications related to the possibility of vertical transmission of coronaviruses (in particular, SARS-CoV-2) during breastfeeding are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32478540, "title": "Preparing for the aftermath of COVID-19: Shifting risk and downstream health consequences.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Estes, Kayley D", "Thompson, Rebecca R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478540", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the public is currently living through a collective continuous traumatic stressor. Objective risk levels shift with each new piece of data regarding the coronavirus. These data points are communicated through public health officials and the media, easily accessible through modern advanced technology including online news and push notifications. When objective risk changes, individuals must reappraise their subject risk levels. Updating subjective risk levels several times per week is linked to ambiguity of the situation and uncertainty in daily life. The uncertainty and potential feelings of uncontrollability is linked to heightened anxiety. The continuous stress, anxiety, and uncertainty may have several negative downstream mental and physical health effects nationwide. The health care sector must begin preparing for the long-term consequences of the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32333026, "pmcid": "PMC7181098", "title": "Arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Kuck, Karl-Heinz"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333026", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513349, "title": "Telemedicine in the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Coll Physicians Surg Pak", "authors": ["Gondal, Khalid Masud", "Shaukat, Shehla"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513349", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Null."}, {"pmid": 32382495, "pmcid": "PMC7203040", "title": "Preparedness is key - the challenge of COVID-19 in low resource settings: 4 checklists from Doctors Worldwide to prepare for COVID-19.", "journal": "Afr J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Wobi, Fatimah", "Gani, Monowara", "Rahman, Najeeb"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382495", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510155, "title": "Valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a young patient with a suspected COVID-19 infection: a surgical dilemma in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiothorac Surg", "authors": ["Bauernschmitt, Robert", "Gabriel, Philip", "Gottardi, Roman", "Sodian, Ralf"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510155", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report on a case of a 57-year-old male patient, who underwent full root replacement in 2005 and now presented with high grade aortic insufficiency. On admission, the patient underwent a computed tomography scan which demonstrated interstitial infiltration in the left lung, highly suspicious for a COVID-19 infection that could not be confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. As there usually is a delay between infection and positive RT-PCR test results, the initial decision was to perform additional testing. However, the patient deteriorated quickly in spite of optimal medical therapy making urgent aortic valve replacement necessary. We decided to perform transcatheter aortic valve replacement to avoid cardiopulmonary bypass with shorter operative times, presumably shorter ventilation times and duration of intensive care unit stay, and thus a lesser risk for pulmonary complications."}, {"pmid": 32246913, "pmcid": "PMC7270989", "title": "Handling the COVID-19 pandemic in the oncological setting.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Mussetti, Alberto", "Maluquer, Clara", "Albasanz-Puig, Adaia", "Gudiol, Carlota", "Moreno-Gonzalez, Gabriel", "Corradini, Paolo", "Sureda, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246913", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516818, "title": "Interim Management of COVID-19 by Repurposed Homeopathic Medicines.", "journal": "Homeopathy", "authors": ["Basu, Nilanjana", "Das, Bhudev Chandra", "Tandon, Simran"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516818", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394850, "title": "[Role of age, comorbidity and renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system in COVID-19. Effects of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers].", "journal": "Kardiologiia", "authors": ["Mareev, Yu V", "Mareev, V Yu"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394850", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The review addressed the relationship of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with functioning of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and the causes for unfavorable prognosis depending on patients' age and comorbidities. The authors discussed in detail potential effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists on the risk of infection and the course of COVID-2019 as well as the effect of SARS-COV2 virus on the cardiovascular system."}, {"pmid": 32439237, "pmcid": "PMC7214343", "title": "Liver transplantation in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Arab J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["El Kassas, Mohamed", "Alboraie, Mohamed", "Al Balakosy, Amira", "Abdeen, Nermeen", "Afify, Shimaa", "Abdalgaber, Mohammad", "Sherief, Ahmed F", "Madkour, Ahmad", "Abdellah Ahmed, Mohamed", "Eltabbakh, Mohamed", "Salaheldin, Mohamed", "Wifi, Mohamed-Naguib"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439237", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Liver transplantation is considered the ultimate solution for patients with end-stage chronic liver disease or acute liver failure. Patients with liver transplant need special care starting from preoperative preparation, surgical intervention ending with postoperative care. Transplanted patients have to receive immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection. Such a state of immune suppression could predispose to different types of infections in liver transplant recipients. Currently, the world is suffering a pandemic caused by a new strain of the coronavirus family called COVID-19. Certain infection control precautions are needed to protect immunocompromised and vulnerable patients, including liver transplant candidates and recipients from acquiring COVID-19 infection. Restricting non-transplant elective surgical procedures, managing transplant patients in separate outpatient clinics, and in-patient wards can prevent transmission of infection both to patients and healthcare workers. Telemedicine can help in the triage of patients to screen for symptoms of COVID-19 before their regular appointment. Management of immunosuppressive therapy and drug-drug interactions in liver transplant recipients infected with COVID-19 should be cautiously practiced to prevent rejection and effectively treat the underlying infection. In this report, we are trying to summarize available evidence about different aspects of the management of liver transplant candidates and recipients in the era of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32533670, "title": "Specialized pharmaceutical care in social health centers in the times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Peris-Marti, Juan F", "Bravo-Jose, Patricia", "Saez-Lleo, Carmen", "Fernandez-Villalba, Elia"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533670", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is having a devastating effect on the nursing\u00a0homes for dependent older people. The difficulty of management of this\u00a0crisis is aggravated by the frailty of the people served and by the specific\u00a0characteristics of the care\u00a0 area, mainly the fact of not being integrated into\u00a0the health system.\u00a0The\u00a0 objective of this work is to describe the pharmaceutical care developed\u00a0by a\u00a0 hospital pharmacy service established in a nursing home and,\u00a0from a more\u00a0 global perspective, analyze the strengths and weaknesses\u00a0found from the\u00a0 various experiences of hospital pharmacy in all spanish\u00a0autonomous\u00a0 communities to deal with this pandemic.\u00a0Specialized pharmaceutical care has\u00a0 provided rigor in the validation\u00a0and treatments review processes from a\u00a0 comprehensive perspective, maximizing\u00a0safety and collaborating in the\u00a0 establishment of the therapeutic intensity\u00a0degree most appropriate to the\u00a0 individual situation, has ensured the\u00a0availability of all necessary medications,\u00a0 has collaborated in the acquisition\u00a0and management of personal protective equipment, has been able to\u00a0adapt the dispensation processes to the internal\u00a0 nursing homes sectorization\u00a0and has facilitated the coordination between the\u00a0 nursing home and the\u00a0health system.\u00a0It is clear that the crisis casued by COVID- 19 has put relevance of the\u00a0need to integrate the social-health level into the\u00a0 health system. And also, the\u00a0contribution of specialized pharmaceutical care in\u00a0 improving healthcare coverage\u00a0and coordination with health services has\u00a0 highlighted the urgency of\u00a0developing the current legislation, prioritizing the\u00a0 establishment of pharmacy services able to provid specialized and specific care\u00a0 for this area, so that it meets healthcare needs and is integrated into the health\u00a0 system."}, {"pmid": 32455478, "title": "A case of cefditoren-induced Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis during COVID-19 pandemics. Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCARs) are an issue.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Torres-Navarro, Ignacio", "Abril-Perez, Carlos", "Roca-Gines, Juncal", "Sanchez-Arraez, Javier", "Botella-Estrada, Rafael"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455478", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interest the article by Recalcati et al. about the report of cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19 patients. We would like to highlight that some potentially severe manifestations in these patients are not directly related to the coronavirus but to the medications administered."}, {"pmid": 32334995, "pmcid": "PMC7161476", "title": "Concomitant acute aortic thrombosis and pulmonary embolism complicating COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Imaging", "authors": ["Le Berre, A", "Marteau, V", "Emmerich, J", "Zins, M"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334995", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267139, "title": "Hsa-miR-217 Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Via Targeting SIRT1 and P53/KAI1 Signaling", "journal": "Balkan Med J", "authors": ["Jiang, Wenxia", "Hou, Likun", "Wei, Juan", "Du, Yifeng", "Zhao, Yan", "Deng, Xue", "Lin, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267139", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Brain metastasis is a major cause of cancer death in patients with lung cancer. Sirtuin 1 and hsa-miR-217 have been identified to mediate the development of non-small cell lung cancer. To investigate the roles of hsa-miR-217, its target sirtuin 1, and the P53/KAI1 axis in the brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer. Cell culture study. Human pulmonary adenocarcinoma brain metastasis cell line PC-14/B were incubated and treated with constructed lentiviral plasmids expressing miR-217 and/or sirtuin 1. BEAS-2B cell line was used as a control. The targeted regulation of miR-217 to sirtuin 1was examined using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and related protein expression were detected to examine the effect of the miR-217/sirtuin 1 expression on metastasis. PC-14/B cells expressed higher sirtuin 1 and lower P53 and KAI1 compared with BEAS-2B control cells (p<0.05). Sirtuin 1 was a direct target of miR-217. MiR-217 expression suppressed PC-14/B cell invasion (p=0.004), migration (p=0.001), and proliferation (p<0.05), whereas sirtuin 1 overexpression reversed all processes. sirtuin 1 expression inhibited P53, KAI1/CD82, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and \u03b2-catenin but upregulated E-cadherin protein. MiR-217 overexpression induced reverse changes. Hsa-miR-217 and its target sirtuin 1 acted as metastasis suppressor and promoter gene in non-small cell lung cancer, respectively. The hsa-miR-217/sirtuin 1/P53/KAI1 metastasis regulatory pathway showed novel and crucial roles in brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer. This axis might be a potential target for the treatment of brain metastasis of lung cancer."}, {"pmid": 32383773, "pmcid": "PMC7267610", "title": "Uptake of Virtual Visits in A Geriatric Primary Care Clinic During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Dewar, Shenbagam", "Lee, Pearl G", "Suh, Theodore T", "Min, Lillian"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383773", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338805, "pmcid": "PMC7267638", "title": "Tobacco use and vaping in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Singh, Arjun Gurmeet", "Chaturvedi, Pankaj"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338805", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health crises have become a popular topic of discussion. In the wave of the ongoing pandemic, experts have suggested the role of vaping and other tobacco product use exemplifying the vulnerability of the population to contract the COVID-19. We discuss some of the events that led up to these conclusions and also offer a unique insight into another form of tobacco use that is potentially propagating its spread especially in the South Asian region-chewed tobacco. Both of these have been a perennial issue that head and neck cancer surgeons have been dealing with. Governments and head and neck cancer care providers now have an opportunity to deal with a common enemy in the midst of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32488910, "title": "Acro-ischemia and COVID-19 infection: clinical and histopathological features.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Calvao, J", "Relvas, M", "Pinho, A", "Brinca, A", "Cardoso, J C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488910", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the COVID-19 pandemic we are facing a changing world. This new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) poses new challenges to dermatologists too. Some of us are in the field, others are describing skin aspects related to this infection, either directly or indirectly caused (e.g: dermatoses resulting from prolonged contact with personal protective equipment and excessive personal hygiene). Still, cutaneous manifestations are uncommonly reported and the majority has no clinical or histological pictures."}, {"pmid": 32376146, "pmcid": "PMC7252046", "title": "Skin cancer plastic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Gentileschi, Stefano", "Caretto, Anna Amelia", "Tagliaferri, Luca", "Salgarello, Marzia", "Peris, Ketty"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464584, "pmcid": "PMC7214323", "title": "The underpinning biology relating to multiple sclerosis disease modifying treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Baker, David", "Amor, Sandra", "Kang, Angray S", "Schmierer, Klaus", "Giovannoni, Gavin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464584", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 viral infection causes COVID-19 that can result in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which can cause significant mortality, leading to concern that immunosuppressive treatments for multiple sclerosis and other disorders have significant risks for both infection and ARDS. To examine the biology that potentially underpins immunity to the SARS-Cov-2 virus and the immunity-induced pathology related to COVID-19 and determine how this impinges on the use of current disease modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis. Although information about the mechanisms of immunity are scant, it appears that monocyte/macrophages and then CD8 T cells are important in eliminating the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This may be facilitated via anti-viral antibody responses that may prevent re-infection. However, viral escape and infection of leucocytes to promote lymphopenia, apparent CD8 T cell exhaustion coupled with a cytokine storm and vascular pathology appears to contribute to the damage in ARDS. In contrast to ablative haematopoietic stem cell therapy, most multiple-sclerosis-related disease modifying therapies do not particularly target the innate immune system and few have any major long-term impact on CD8 T cells to limit protection against COVID-19. In addition, few block the formation of immature B cells within lymphoid tissue that will provide antibody-mediated protection from (re)infection. However, adjustments to dosing schedules may help de-risk the chance of infection further and reduce the concerns of people with MS being treated during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32530491, "title": "Presepsin as a predictive biomarker of severity in COVID-19: a case series.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Fukada, Ai", "Kitagawa, Yutaro", "Matsuoka, Masaru", "Sakai, Jun", "Imai, Kazuo", "Norihito, Tarumoto", "Orihara, Yuta", "Kawamura, Rieko", "Takeuchi, Shinichi", "Maesaki, Shigefumi", "Maeda, Takuya"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530491", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present clear criteria, including respiratory rate, hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2 ), and oxygenation indicator (PaO2 /FiO2 )1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32129805, "pmcid": "PMC7057172", "title": "Air, Surface Environmental, and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) From a Symptomatic Patient.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Ong, Sean Wei Xiang", "Tan, Yian Kim", "Chia, Po Ying", "Lee, Tau Hong", "Ng, Oon Tek", "Wong, Michelle Su Yen", "Marimuthu, Kalisvar"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129805", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32118391, "title": "[Cause analysis and treatment strategies of \"recurrence\" with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) patients after discharge from hospital].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhou, L", "Liu, K", "Liu, H G"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118391", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With a large number of COVID-19 patients discharging from hospital, some had showed re-fever and positive nucleic acid test after discharge from hospital. This might be due to the biological characteristics of 2019-nCoV, and might also be related to the basic disease, clinical status, glucocorticoid using, sample sampling, processing and detecting of patients, and some even related to the re-infection or secondary bacterial virus infection. Therefore, we suggest that in view of this phenomenon, further stratified management of discharge from hospital should be carried out on the basis of guidelines, especially for patients with advanced age, underlying diseases or severe or critical pneumonia. For those patients who can't completely deoxygenate for a long time after hospitalization, individualized treatment methods and different discharge evaluation criteria should be adopted to ensure the complete cure of patients and prevent recurrencing after discharge from hospital."}, {"pmid": 32289472, "pmcid": "PMC7151371", "title": "Evidence based management guideline for the COVID-19 pandemic - Review article.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Nicola, Maria", "O'Neill, Niamh", "Sohrabi, Catrin", "Khan, Mehdi", "Agha, Maliha", "Agha, Riaz"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289472", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has now been declared a pandemic. To date, COVID-19 has affected over 2.5 million people worldwide, resulting in over 170,000 reported deaths. Numerous preventative strategies and non-pharmaceutical interventions have been employed to mitigate the spread of disease including careful infection control, the isolation of patients, and social distancing. Management is predominantly focused on the provision of supportive care, with oxygen therapy representing the major treatment intervention. Medical therapy involving corticosteroids and antivirals have also been encouraged as part of critical management schemes. However, there is at present no specific antiviral recommended for the treatment of COVID-19, and no vaccine is currently available. Despite the strategic implementation of these measures, the number of new reported cases continues to rise at a profoundly alarming rate. As new findings emerge, there is an urgent need for up-to-date management guidelines. In response to this call, we review what is currently known regarding the management of COVID-19, and offer an evidence-based review of current practice."}, {"pmid": 32445579, "title": "Prognostic value of C-reactive protein in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Luo, Xiaomin", "Zhou, Wei", "Yan, Xiaojie", "Guo, Tangxi", "Wang, Benchao", "Xia, Hongxia", "Ye, Lu", "Xiong, Jun", "Jiang, Zongping", "Liu, Yu", "Zhang, Bicheng", "Yang, Weize"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445579", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level was observed in most patients with COVID-19. Data of COVID-19 patients with clinical outcome in a designated hospital in Wuhan, China, were retrospectively collected and analyzed from Jan 30 to Feb 20, 2020. The prognostic value of admission CRP was evaluated in patients with COVID-19. Out of 298 patients enrolled, 84 died and 214 recovered. Most non-survivors tended to be males, old aged, or with chronic diseases. Compared to survivors, non-survivors showed significantly elevated white blood cell and neutrophil count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII, defined by platelet count multiply by NLR), CRP, procalcitonin, and D-dimer, and decreased red blood cell, lymphocyte, and platelet count. Age, neutrophil count, platelet count, and CRP were identified as independent predictors of adverse outcome. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of CRP (0.896) was significantly higher than that of age (0.833), neutrophil count (0.820), and platelet count (0.678) in outcome prediction (all p<0.05). With a cut-off value of 41.4, CRP exhibited sensitivity 90.5%, specificity 77.6%, positive predictive value 61.3%, and negative predictive value 95.4%. Subgroup analysis revealed that CRP remained robust accuracy in adverse outcome prediction in patients with different disease severity (AUC 0.832, z=10.23, p<0.001; AUC 0.989, z=44.04, p<0.001). CRP was also an independent discriminator of severe/critical illness on admission (AUC 0.783, z=10.69, p<0.001). In patients with COVID-19, admission CRP correlated with disease severity and tended to be a good predictor of adverse outcome."}, {"pmid": 32478549, "title": "Handling uncertainty and ambiguity in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Durodie, Bill"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478549", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is unprecedented. Yet some look to ready-made models to address it. This creates confusion about more adaptive responses that reflect an uncertain and ambiguous context. Those assessing associated mental health challenges must be wary of overdiagnosis. Handling the pandemic well, requires engaging the public as mature partners. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32361675, "pmcid": "PMC7182519", "title": "Current Mental Health Issues in the Era of Covid-19.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Gunawan, Joko", "Juthamanee, Siripattra", "Aungsuroch, Yupin"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361675", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32218340, "pmcid": "PMC7178250", "title": "Could Intravenous Immunoglobulin Collected from Recovered Coronavirus Patients Protect against COVID-19 and Strengthen the Immune System of New Patients?", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Jawhara, Samir"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218340", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, which causes severe respiratory tract infections in humans (COVID-19), has become a global health concern. Most coronaviruses infect animals but can evolve into strains that cross the species barrier and infect humans. At the present, there is no single specific vaccine or efficient antiviral therapy against COVID-19. Recently, we showed that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment reduces inflammation of intestinal epithelial cells and eliminates overgrowth of the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans in the murine gut. Immunotherapy with IVIg could be employed to neutralize COVID-19. However, the efficacy of IVIg would be better if the immune IgG antibodies were collected from patients who have recovered from COVID-19 in the same city, or the surrounding area, in order to increase the chance of neutralizing the virus. These immune IgG antibodies will be specific against COVID-19 by boosting the immune response in newly infected patients. Different procedures may be used to remove or inactivate any possible pathogens from the plasma of recovered coronavirus patient derived immune IgG, including solvent/detergent, 60 \u00b0C heat-treatment, and nanofiltration. Overall, immunotherapy with immune IgG antibodies combined with antiviral drugs may be an alternative treatment against COVID-19 until stronger options such as vaccines are available."}, {"pmid": 32207068, "pmcid": "PMC7095015", "title": "Practical indications for the prevention and management of SARS-CoV-2 in ambulatory dialysis patients: lessons from the first phase of the epidemics in Lombardy.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Rombola, Giuseppe", "Heidempergher, Marco", "Pedrini, Luciano", "Farina, Marco", "Aucella, Filippo", "Messa, Piergiorgio", "Brunori, Giuliano"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207068", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confronting the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has allowed us to appreciate how efficiently highly-resourced settings can respond to crises. However even such settings are not prepared to deal with the situation, and lessons are only slowly being learnt. There is still an urgent need to accelerate protocols that lead to the implementation of rapid point-of-care diagnostic testing and effective antiviral therapies. In some high-risk populations, such as dialysis patients, where several individuals are treated at the same time in a limited space and overcrowded areas, our objective must be to ensure protection to patients, the healthcare team and the dialysis ward. The difficult Italian experience may help other countries to face the challenges. The experience of the Lombardy underlines the need for gathering and sharing our data to increase our knowledge and support common, initially experience-based, and as soon as possible evidence-based position to face this overwhelming crisis."}, {"pmid": 32527700, "pmcid": "PMC7239019", "title": "First COVID-19 mortality case in Taiwan with bacterial co-infection by national surveillance of critically ill patients with influenza-negative pneumonia.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Wei-Cheng", "Lai, Yi-Chyi", "Lin, Chieh-Hui", "Zheng, Jin-Fu", "Hung, Wen-Chung", "Wang, Yi-Jen", "Kuo, Tsung-Huai", "Wu, Li-Hung", "Tong, Yao-Shen", "Lu, Min-Chi", "Liu, Keh-Sen"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527700", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 63-year-old diabetic smoker with alcoholism was the first mortality case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taiwan. As concurrently infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae and subsequently with Klebsiella aerogenes, he was exposed by a national survey of patients with critically influenza-negative pneumonia. We recommend COVID-19 screening for patients with severe flu-like syndrome and protecting health-care workers from being infected."}, {"pmid": 32463569, "title": "Rapid on-site evaluation and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cancer Cytopathol", "authors": ["Cozzolino, Immacolata", "Ronchi, Andrea", "Franco, Renato"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463569", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454313, "pmcid": "PMC7236742", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on acute psychiatric inpatient unit.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Hernandez-Huerta, Daniel", "Alonso-Sanchez, Elena Begona", "Carrajo-Garcia, Carmen Aldara", "Montes-Rodriguez, Jose Manuel"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454313", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32169830, "title": "Bearing the brunt of covid-19: older people in low and middle income countries.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter", "Ebrahim, Shah", "Geffen, Leon", "McKee, Martin"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169830", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292181, "title": "Covid-19 current advice for pathologists.", "journal": "Pathologica", "authors": ["Firth, John"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292181", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330569, "pmcid": "PMC7172783", "title": "Clinical microbiology laboratory adaptation to COVID-19 emergency: experience at a large teaching hospital in Rome, Italy.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Posteraro, B", "Marchetti, S", "Romano, L", "Santangelo, R", "Morandotti, G A", "Sanguinetti, M", "Cattani, P"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330569", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459692, "title": "The World Glaucoma Association during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Glaucoma", "authors": ["Lerner, S Fabian", "Lin, Shan", "Mansouri, Kaweh"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459692", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233034, "title": "Overview of guidance for endoscopy during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Lui, Rashid N", "Wong, Sunny H", "Sanchez-Luna, Sergio A", "Pellino, Gianluca", "Bollipo, Steven", "Wong, Mei-Yin", "Chiu, Philip W Y", "Sung, Joseph J Y"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233034", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From its beginning in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak has spread globally from Wuhan and is now declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The sheer scale and severity of this pandemic is unprecedented in the modern era. Although primarily a respiratory tract infection transmitted by direct contact and droplets, during aerosol-generating procedures, there is a possibility of airborne transmission. In addition, emerging evidence suggests possible fecal-oral spread of the virus. Clinical departments that perform endoscopy are faced with daunting challenges during this pandemic. To date, multiple position statements and guidelines have been issued by various professional organizations to recommend practices in endoscopic procedures. This article aims to summarize and discuss available evidence for these practices, to provide guidance for endoscopy to enhance patient safety, avoid nosocomial outbreaks, protect healthcare personnel, and ensure rational use of personal protective equipment. Responses adapted to national recommendations and local infection control guidelines and tailored to the availability of medical resources are imminently needed to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32118644, "pmcid": "PMC7147281", "title": "Distribution of the COVID-19 epidemic and correlation with population emigration from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Chen, Ze-Liang", "Zhang, Qi", "Lu, Yi", "Guo, Zhong-Min", "Zhang, Xi", "Zhang, Wen-Jun", "Guo, Cheng", "Liao, Cong-Hui", "Li, Qian-Lin", "Han, Xiao-Hu", "Lu, Jia-Hai"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118644", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing new coronavirus pneumonia (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19) outbreak is spreading in China, but it has not yet reached its peak. Five million people emigrated from Wuhan before lockdown, potentially representing a source of virus infection. Determining case distribution and its correlation with population emigration from Wuhan in the early stage of the epidemic is of great importance for early warning and for the prevention of future outbreaks. The official case report on the COVID-19 epidemic was collected as of January 30, 2020. Time and location information on COVID-19 cases was extracted and analyzed using ArcGIS and WinBUGS software. Data on population migration from Wuhan city and Hubei province were extracted from Baidu Qianxi, and their correlation with the number of cases was analyzed. The COVID-19 confirmed and death cases in Hubei province accounted for 59.91% (5806/9692) and 95.77% (204/213) of the total cases in China, respectively. Hot spot provinces included Sichuan and Yunnan, which are adjacent to Hubei. The time risk of Hubei province on the following day was 1.960 times that on the previous day. The number of cases in some cities was relatively low, but the time risk appeared to be continuously rising. The correlation coefficient between the provincial number of cases and emigration from Wuhan was up to 0.943. The lockdown of 17 cities in Hubei province and the implementation of nationwide control measures efficiently prevented an exponential growth in the number of cases. The population that emigrated from Wuhan was the main infection source in other cities and provinces. Some cities with a low number of cases showed a rapid increase in case load. Owing to the upcoming Spring Festival return wave, understanding the risk trends in different regions is crucial to ensure preparedness at both the individual and organization levels and to prevent new outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32360048, "pmcid": "PMC7180347", "title": "Re: Riccardo Campi, Daniele Amparore, Umberto Capitanio, et al. Assessing the Burden of Urgent Nondeferrable Uro-oncologic Surgery to Guide Prioritisation Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from Three Italian High-volume Referral Centres. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.054.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Ficarra, Vincenzo", "Mucciardi, Giuseppe", "Giannarini, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360048", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452700, "title": "COVID-19: Safe Guidelines for Breast Imaging During the Pandemic.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Seely, Jean M", "Scaranelo, Anabel M", "Yong-Hing, Charlotte", "Appavoo, Shusheila", "Flegg, Carolyn", "Kulkarni, Supriya", "Kornecki, Anat", "Wadden, Nancy", "Loisel, Yves", "Schofield, Stephanie", "Leslie, Sandra", "Gordon, Paula"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, breast imaging must be performed using safe practices. Balancing the need to avoid delays in the diagnosis of breast cancer while avoiding infection requires careful attention to personal protective equipment and physical distancing and vigilance to maintain these practices. The Canadian Society of Breast Imaging/Canadian Association of Radiologists guideline for breast imaging during COVID-19 is provided based on priority according to risk of breast cancer and impact of delaying treatment. A review of the best practices is presented that allow breast imaging during COVID-19 to maximize protection of patients, technologists, residents, fellows, and radiologists and minimize spread of the infection. The collateral damage of delaying diagnosis of breast cancer due to COVID-19 should be avoided when possible."}, {"pmid": 32451597, "pmcid": "PMC7246956", "title": "Vitamin D can prevent COVID-19 infection-induced multiple organ damage.", "journal": "Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol", "authors": ["Aygun, Hatice"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451597", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vitamin D is an immunomodulator hormone with an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect with a high safety profile. A lot of COVID-19 infected patients develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which may lead to multiple organ damage. These symptoms are associated with a cytokine storm syndrome. The aim of this letter is to note the 5 crucial points that vitamin D could have protective and therapeutic effects against COVID-19. For that reason, COVID-19 infection-induced multiple organ damage might be prevented by vitamin D."}, {"pmid": 32290643, "title": "Experience summary of a COVID-19 designated community hospital and its operation model.", "journal": "Panminerva Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Qifeng", "Cheng, Shile", "Cheng, Qingzhou"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290643", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To summarize the administration model of a COVID-19 designated hospital transformed from a community hospital to improve the emergency capacity of community hospitals and the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of medical staff in the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyze the surrounding environment, ward layout, area management, treatment process, medical staff and patient management of the designated community hospital. From February 5, 2020, to February 18, 2020, the designated community hospital has received 198 COVID-19 mild and general patients (including 41 in the hospital at the beginning of the period). Among them, 39 were transferred to module hospitals, 131 were discharged, and 28 were in the hospital at the end of the period, and none of them became severe. There were 41 medical staff, and none of them had COVID-19 infection. We have achieved excellent results in the prevention and control stratagems implemented in this new community-designated hospital that specializes in treating patients with COVID-19. Its diagnosis and treatment model has completed the treatment of COVID- 19 patients successfully. After adjustment, this community hospital can shoulder the critical task of being a designated hospital for COVID-19, which includes admission, isolation, and therapy of suspected and mild COVID-19 patients, reducing the medical burden of superior hospitals. Furthermore, our experience provides concepts for community hospitals to temporarily undertake medical responsibilities to reduce the spread of COVID-19 during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32303609, "pmcid": "PMC7211083", "title": "COVID-19 and immunomodulation in IBD.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Neurath, Markus F"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303609", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus pandemic is an ongoing global health crisis due to COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Although COVID-19 leads to little or mild flu-like symptoms in the majority of affected patients, the disease may cause severe, frequently lethal complications such as progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ failure driven by hyperinflammation and a cytokine storm syndrome. This situation causes various major challenges for gastroenterology. In the context of IBD, several key questions arise. For instance, it is an important question to understand whether patients with IBD (eg, due to intestinal ACE2 expression) might be particularly susceptible to COVID-19 and the cytokine release syndrome associated with lung injury and fatal outcomes. Another highly relevant question is how to deal with immunosuppression and immunomodulation during the current pandemic in patients with IBD and whether immunosuppression affects the progress of COVID-19. Here, the current understanding of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is reviewed with special reference to immune cell activation. Moreover, the potential implications of these new insights for immunomodulation and biological therapy in IBD are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32304574, "pmcid": "PMC7264592", "title": "Screen mirroring, screen casting and screen sharing during COVID-19: what dermatologists should know.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Jakhar, D", "Kaur, I", "Kaul, S"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371466, "pmcid": "PMC7199468", "title": "Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kisely, Steve", "Warren, Nicola", "McMahon, Laura", "Dalais, Christine", "Henry, Irene", "Siskind, Dan"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371466", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine the psychological effects on clinicians of working to manage novel viral outbreaks, and successful measures to manage stress and psychological distress. Rapid review and meta-analysis. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar, searched up to late March 2020. Any study that described the psychological reactions of healthcare staff working with patients in an outbreak of any emerging virus in any clinical setting, irrespective of any comparison with other clinicians or the general population. 59 papers met the inclusion criteria: 37 were of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), eight of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), seven of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), three each of Ebola virus disease and influenza A virus subtype H1N1, and one of influenza A virus subtype H7N9. Of the 38 studies that compared psychological outcomes of healthcare workers in direct contact with affected patients, 25 contained data that could be combined in a pairwise meta-analysis comparing healthcare workers at high and low risk of exposure. Compared with lower risk controls, staff in contact with affected patients had greater levels of both acute or post-traumatic stress (odds ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.28 to 2.29) and psychological distress (1.74, 1.50 to 2.03), with similar results for continuous outcomes. These findings were the same as in the other studies not included in the meta-analysis. Risk factors for psychological distress included being younger, being more junior, being the parents of dependent children, or having an infected family member. Longer quarantine, lack of practical support, and stigma also contributed. Clear communication, access to adequate personal protection, adequate rest, and both practical and psychological support were associated with reduced morbidity. Effective interventions are available to help mitigate the psychological distress experienced by staff caring for patients in an emerging disease outbreak. These interventions were similar despite the wide range of settings and types of outbreaks covered in this review, and thus could be applicable to the current covid-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32294273, "pmcid": "PMC7262133", "title": "Urticarial eruption in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Henry, D", "Ackerman, M", "Sancelme, E", "Finon, A", "Esteve, E"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294273", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading quickly across the world, until a pandemic condition was announced by the WHO on March. Many clinical manifestations of this virus are described and new symptoms are emerging particularly outside respiratory sphere, such as anosmia and ageusia which are recent ORL published symptoms. About skin manifestation, few cases of rashes on patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 were described in two Chineses cohorts."}, {"pmid": 32507546, "title": "Urologic oncology surgery during COVID-19: a rapid review of current triage guidance documents.", "journal": "Urol Oncol", "authors": ["Shinder, Brian M", "Patel, Hiren V", "Sterling, Joshua", "Tabakin, Alexandra L", "Kim, Isaac Y", "Jang, Thomas L", "Singer, Eric A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507546", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic placed urologic surgeons, and especially urologic oncologists, in an unprecedented situation. Providers and healthcare systems were forced to rapidly create triage schemas in order to preserve resources and reduce potential viral transmission while continuing to provide care for patients. We reviewed United States and international triage proposals from professional societies, peer-reviewed publications, and publicly available institutional guidelines to identify common themes and critical differences. To date, there are varying levels of agreement on the optimal triaging of urologic oncology cases. As the need to preserve resources and prevent viral transmission grows, prioritizing only high priority surgical cases is paramount. A similar approach to prioritization will also be needed as nonemergent cases are allowed to proceed in the coming weeks. While these decisions will often be made on a case-by-case basis, more nuanced surgeon-driven consensus guidelines are needed for the near future."}, {"pmid": 32283160, "pmcid": "PMC7194593", "title": "Airborne precautions recommended in Wuhan, China for bedside fiberoptic bronchoscopy examination of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["He, Mei", "Xiong, Jie", "Huang, Sufang", "Bian, Yi", "Yan, Peng", "Redding, Sharon R"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283160", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517125, "title": "Short-Term Effects of Ambient Ozone, PM2.5, and Meteorological Factors on COVID-19 Confirmed Cases and Deaths in Queens, New York.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Adhikari, Atin", "Yin, Jingjing"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517125", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, has been rapidly increasing in the United States. Boroughs of New York City, including Queens county, turn out to be the epicenters of this infection. According to the data provided by the New York State Department of Health, most of the cases of new COVID-19 infections in New York City have been found in the Queens county where 42,023 people have tested positive, and 3221 people have died as of 20 April 2020. Person-to-person transmission and travels were implicated in the initial spread of the outbreaks, but factors related to the late phase of rapidly spreading outbreaks in March and April are still uncertain. A few previous studies have explored the links between air pollution and COVID-19 infections, but more data is needed to understand the effects of short-term exposures of air pollutants and meteorological factors on the spread of COVID-19 infections, particularly in the U.S. disease epicenters. In this study, we have focused on ozone and PM2.5, two major air pollutants in New York City, which were previously found to be associated with respiratory viral infections. The aim of our regression modeling was to explore the associations among ozone, PM2.5, daily meteorological variables (wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity, cloud percentages, and precipitation levels), and COVID-19 confirmed new cases and new deaths in Queens county, New York during March and April 2020. The results from these analyses showed that daily average temperature, daily maximum eight-hour ozone concentration, average relative humidity, and cloud percentages were significantly and positively associated with new confirmed cases related to COVID-19; none of these variables showed significant associations with new deaths related to COVID-19. The findings indicate that short-term exposures to ozone and other meteorological factors can influence COVID-19 transmission and initiation of the disease, but disease aggravation and mortality depend on other factors."}, {"pmid": 32283236, "pmcid": "PMC7151328", "title": "Does hydroxychloroquine combat COVID-19? A timeline of evidence.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Alia, Erisa", "Grant-Kels, Jane M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283236", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482888, "title": "Cellular pathology in the COVID-19 era: a European perspective on maintaining quality and safety.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Gosney, John R", "Hofman, Paul", "Troncone, Giancarlo", "Lopez-Rios, Fernando"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482888", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a zoonotic viral infection that originated in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. WHO classified the resulting pandemic as a 'global health emergency' due to its virulence and propensity to cause acute respiratory distress syndrome. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on diagnostic laboratories, particularly those handling cell and tissue specimens. This development carries serious implications for laboratory practice in that safety of personnel has to be balanced against high-quality analysis and timely reporting of results. The aim of this article is to present some recommendations for the handling of such specimens in the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical phases of laboratory testing and analysis in an era of high COVID-19 prevalence, such as that seen, for example, in the UK, Spain, Italy and France."}, {"pmid": 32335962, "pmcid": "PMC7267439", "title": "COVID-19 and gastrointestinal endoscopy: What should be taken into account?", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Sinonquel, Pieter", "Roelandt, Philip", "Demedts, Ingrid", "Van Gerven, Laura", "Vandenbriele, Christophe", "Wilmer, Alexander", "Van Wijngaerden, Eric", "Bisschops, Raf"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335962", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a subsequent impact on the entire world and health care system. Since the causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 houses in the aerodigestive tract, activities in the gastrointestinal outpatient clinic and endoscopy unit should be limited to emergencies only. Health care professionals are faced with the need to perform endoscopic or endoluminal emergency procedures in patients with a confirmed positive or unknown COVID-19 status. With this report, we aim to provide recommendations and practical relevant information for gastroenterologists based on the limited amount of available data and local experience, to guarantee a high-quality patient care and adequate infection prevention in the gastroenterology clinic."}, {"pmid": 32430432, "pmcid": "PMC7241109", "title": "The liaison between respiratory failure and high blood pressure: evidence from COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Vicenzi, Marco", "Di Cosola, Roberta", "Ruscica, Massimiliano", "Ratti, Angelo", "Rota, Irene", "Rota, Federica", "Bollati, Valentina", "Aliberti, Stefano", "Blasi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430432", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300018, "pmcid": "PMC7211934", "title": "Demographic science aids in understanding the spread and fatality rates of COVID-19.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Dowd, Jennifer Beam", "Andriano, Liliana", "Brazel, David M", "Rotondi, Valentina", "Block, Per", "Ding, Xuejie", "Liu, Yan", "Mills, Melinda C"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300018", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Governments around the world must rapidly mobilize and make difficult policy decisions to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because deaths have been concentrated at older ages, we highlight the important role of demography, particularly, how the age structure of a population may help explain differences in fatality rates across countries and how transmission unfolds. We examine the role of age structure in deaths thus far in Italy and South Korea and illustrate how the pandemic could unfold in populations with similar population sizes but different age structures, showing a dramatically higher burden of mortality in countries with older versus younger populations. This powerful interaction of demography and current age-specific mortality for COVID-19 suggests that social distancing and other policies to slow transmission should consider the age composition of local and national contexts as well as intergenerational interactions. We also call for countries to provide case and fatality data disaggregated by age and sex to improve real-time targeted forecasting of hospitalization and critical care needs."}, {"pmid": 32297850, "pmcid": "PMC7198467", "title": "Pasteurized blood samples for transfusion compatibility testing during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Yao, Run", "Shen, Yamei", "Tan, Ying", "Zhou, Pengcheng", "Li, Bijuan", "Fan, Xuegong", "Li, Ning"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458267, "title": "Therapeutic alternatives and strategies for drug conservation in the intensive care unit during times of drug shortage: a report of the Ontario COVID-19 ICU Drug Task Force.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Kanji, Salmaan", "Burry, Lisa", "Williamson, David", "Pittman, Michelle", "Dubinsky, Samuel", "Patel, Deep", "Natarajan, Sabrina", "MacLean, Robert", "Huh, Jin-Hyeun", "Scales, Damon C", "Neilipovitz, David"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458267", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) global pandemic, urgent strategies to alleviate shortages are required. Evaluation of the feasibility, practicality, and value of drug conservation strategies and therapeutic alternatives requires a collaborative approach at the provincial level. The Ontario COVID-19 ICU Drug Task Force was directed to create recommendations suggesting drug conservation strategies and therapeutic alternatives for essential drugs at risk of shortage in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations were rapidly developed using a modified Delphi method and evaluated on their ease of implementation, feasibility, and supportive evidence. This article describes the recommendations for drug conservation strategies and therapeutic alternatives for drugs at risk of shortage that are commonly used in the care of critically ill patients. Recommendations are identified as preferred and secondary ones that might be less desirable. Although the impetus for generating this document was the COVID-19 pandemic, recommendations should also be applicable for mitigating drug shortages outside of a pandemic. Proposed provincial strategies for drug conservation and therapeutic alternatives may not all be appropriate for every institution. Local implementation will require consultation from end-users and hospital administrators. Competing equipment shortages and available resources should be considered when evaluating the appropriateness of each strategy."}, {"pmid": 32382212, "pmcid": "PMC7204192", "title": "The Environmental Impacts of the Coronavirus.", "journal": "Environ Resour Econ (Dordr)", "authors": ["Helm, Dieter"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic has resulted in global lockdowns, sharply curtailing economic activity. It is a unique experiment with substantial impacts that will form the agenda for research. There are five sets of questions: the short-term impacts on emissions, the natural environment and environmental policy, including regulations and COP26; longer-term consequences from the deployment of macroeconomic monetary and fiscal stimuli, and investment in green deals; possible further deglobalisation and its impact on climate change and nature; intergenerational environmental impacts including debt and pollution burdens on future generations; and possible behavioural changes to the environment, both positive and negative."}, {"pmid": 32286947, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences in China and implications for its prevention and treatment worldwide.", "journal": "Curr Cancer Drug Targets", "authors": ["Liu, Ning-Ning", "Tan, Jing-Cong", "Li, Jingquan", "Li, Shenghui", "Cai, Yong", "Wang, Hui"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286947", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2 originally emerged in Wuhan in December, 2019. As of March 22, 2020, the disease had spread to 186 countries, with at least 305,275 confirmed cases. Although there has been a decline in the spread of the disease in China, the prevalence of COVID-19 around the world remains serious despite containment efforts undertaken by national authorities and the international community. In this article, we systematically review the brief history of COVID-19 and its epidemic and clinical characteristics, highlighting the strategies used to control and prevent the disease in China, which may help other countries respond to the outbreak. This pandemic emphasizes the need to be constantly alert to shifts in both the global dynamics and the contexts of individual countries, making sure that all are aware of which approaches are successful for the prevention, containment and treatment of new diseases, and being flexible enough to adapt the responses accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32529948, "title": "Healthcare virtualization amid COVID-19 pandemic: an emerging new normal.", "journal": "Med Educ Online", "authors": ["Kaliya-Perumal, Arun-Kumar", "Omar, Usama Farghaly", "Kharlukhi, Jacquilyne"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529948", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427210, "pmcid": "PMC7229953", "title": "Plastics recycling after the global pandemic: resurgence or regression?", "journal": "Resour Conserv Recycl", "authors": ["Kahlert, Sebastian", "Bening, Catharina R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427210", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385981, "title": "[Combating coronavirus disease 2019: voice of critical care medicine].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Ma, Penglin", "Du, Bin", "Guan, Xiangdong", "Qiu, Haibo", "Xi, Xiuming"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385981", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427145, "pmcid": "PMC7227530", "title": "Covid-19, pregnancy and childbirth.", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427145", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32080992, "pmcid": "PMC7036343", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Jin Yong"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32080992", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31988490, "pmcid": "PMC7073251", "title": "Outbreak of a novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Nat Rev Microbiol", "authors": ["Du Toit, Andrea"], "date": "2020-01-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31988490", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383251, "pmcid": "PMC7267550", "title": "The impact of hydroxychloroquine shortages on patients with dermatological conditions during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Shah, Monica", "Sachdeva, Muskaan", "Dodiuk-Gad, Roni P"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409825, "pmcid": "PMC7239233", "title": "Analysis of the infection status of the health care workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zheng, Lichun", "Wang, Xiang", "Zhou, Chongchong", "Liu, Qin", "Li, Shuang", "Sun, Qin", "Wang, Mengjia", "Zhou, Qian", "Wang, Wenmei"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409825", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care workers at the frontline are facing a substantial risk of infection during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. We acquired information and data on the general information, infection and death status of health care workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak and completed statistical analyses. We have obtained the data on 2,457 infected cases among health care workers in Wuhan, China. More than half of the infected individuals were nurses (52.06%), while 33.62% of infected cases were doctors and 14.33% of cases were medical staff. In particular, the case infection rate of nurses (2.22%) was remarkably higher than that of doctors (1.92%). Most infected cases among health care workers were female (72.28%). A majority of the infected health care workers (89.26%) came from general hospitals, followed by specialized hospitals (5.70%) and community hospitals (5.05%). The case infection rate of health care workers (2.10%) was dramatically higher than that of non-health care workers (0.43%). The case fatality rate of health care workers (0.69%) was significantly lower than that of non-health care workers (5.30%). The infection risk of HCWs is clearly higher than that of non-HCWs. HCWs play an essential role in fighting the pandemic. The analysis of the infection status of HCWs is essential to attract enough attention from the public, provide effective suggestions for government agencies and improve protective measures for HCWs."}, {"pmid": 32484735, "title": "Preventing prejudice by preserving the spirit of mental health legislation during the COVID-19 national emergency.", "journal": "Australas Psychiatry", "authors": ["Ouliaris, Calina", "Sheahan, Linda", "George, Duncan"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484735", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 national emergency activates legislative powers that allow a proportional infringement upon individual liberties. We canvas the complex legal landscape governing mental health consumers in this climate, highlight ethical considerations in application of the law and offer a simple algorithm to navigate this space. In times of emergency, it is crucial that we uphold the safeguards embodied within mental health legislation to prevent prejudicial treatment of mental health consumers."}, {"pmid": 32371004, "pmcid": "PMC7194038", "title": "COVID-19-Where Have All the STEMIs Gone?", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Tanner, Richard", "MacDaragh Ryan, Paul", "Caplice, Noel M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371004", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291227, "pmcid": "PMC7128648", "title": "Physiotherapists during COVID-19: usual business, in unusual times.", "journal": "J Physiother", "authors": ["Haines, Kimberley J", "Berney, Sue"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291227", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466598, "title": "Metabolic Impacts of Confinement during the COVID-19 Pandemic Due to Modified Diet and Physical Activity Habits.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Martinez-Ferran, Maria", "de la Guia-Galipienso, Fernando", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian", "Pareja-Galeano, Helios"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466598", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the detrimental effects of a chronic positive energy balance due to a sedentary lifestyle have been well established, the impacts of a short period of abruptly reduced physical activity and overeating arising from strict confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic will soon start to emerge. To reasonably anticipate major consequences according to the available evidence, we hereby review the literature for studies that have explored the health impacts of several weeks of a reduction in physical activity and daily step-count combined with modified eating habits. These studies identify as main metabolic consequences increases in insulin resistance, total body fat, abdominal fat and inflammatory cytokines. All these factors have been strongly associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, which in turn increases the risk of multiple chronic diseases. A plausible mechanism involved in these impacts could be a positive energy balance promoted by maintaining usual dietary intake while reducing energy expenditure. This means that just as calorie intake restriction could help mitigate the deleterious impacts of a bout of physical inactivity, overeating under conditions of home confinement is very likely to exacerbate these consequences. Moreover, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease have been identified as potential risk factors for more severely ill patients with COVID-19. Thus, adequate control of metabolic disorders could be important to reduce the risk of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32289548, "pmcid": "PMC7151271", "title": "Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: A pilot observational study.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gautret, Philippe", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "Parola, Philippe", "Hoang, Van Thuan", "Meddeb, Line", "Sevestre, Jacques", "Mailhe, Morgane", "Doudier, Barbara", "Aubry, Camille", "Amrane, Sophie", "Seng, Piseth", "Hocquart, Marie", "Eldin, Carole", "Finance, Julie", "Vieira, Vera Esteves", "Tissot-Dupont, Herve Tissot", "Honore, Stephane", "Stein, Andreas", "Million, Matthieu", "Colson, Philippe", "La Scola, Bernard", "Veit, Veronique", "Jacquier, Alexis", "Deharo, Jean-Claude", "Drancourt, Michel", "Fournier, Pierre Edouard", "Rolain, Jean-Marc", "Brouqui, Philippe", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289548", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We need an effective treatment to cure COVID-19 patients and to decrease virus carriage duration. We conducted an uncontrolled, non-comparative, observational study in a cohort of 80 relatively mildly infected inpatients treated with a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin over a period of at least three days, with three main measurements: clinical outcome, contagiousness as assessed by PCR and culture, and length of stay in infectious disease unit (IDU). All patients improved clinically except one 86 year-old patient who died, and one 74 year-old patient still in intensive care. A rapid fall of nasopharyngeal viral load was noted, with 83% negative at Day7, and 93% at Day8. Virus cultures from patient respiratory samples were negative in 97.5% of patients at Day5. Consequently patients were able to be rapidly discharged from IDU with a mean length of stay of five days. We believe there is urgency to evaluate the effectiveness of this potentially-life saving therapeutic strategy at a larger scale, both to treat and cure patients at an early stage before irreversible severe respiratory complications take hold and to decrease duration of carriage and avoid the spread of the disease. Furthermore, the cost of treatment is negligible."}, {"pmid": 32304156, "pmcid": "PMC7264793", "title": "Inaccurate conclusions by Tang and colleagues.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Greenstein, Yonatan Y"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304156", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499174, "pmcid": "PMC7256593", "title": "Earlier and widespread screening for SARS-CoV-2 is needed for first responders.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Tang, Olive", "Bigelow, Benjamin F", "Katz, Morgan J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499174", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334119, "pmcid": "PMC7194612", "title": "Addressing the corona virus pandemic: will a novel filtered eye mask help?", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Douglas, David", "Douglas, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Non-hermetically sealed eye protection does not fully protect the eyes from airborne particles. Hermetically sealed eye protection fully protects the eyes from particles, but tends to fog up, rendering it unusable. This study aimed to build and test a filtered eye mask (FEM) to protect the eyes from airborne particles, while being usable without excessive fog build up. The steps performed to build the FEM were described. A hermetically-sealed standard eye mask (SEM) and an FEM were examined at 1-minute, 5-minute and 60-minute periods for performance metrics relating to fog. The SEM showed minimal fog at 1minute, lots of fog at 5minutes and was dripping with condensation at 60minutes. The FEM was clear at 1minute, 5minutes and showed minimal fog at 60minutes. An FEM may play an important role in preventing novel coronavirus (COVID-19) exposure by protecting the eyes from airborne particles and preventing fog, rendering it usable. Further research is strongly recommended."}, {"pmid": 32507556, "title": "[Panic and pandemic: Review of the literature on the links between panic disorder and the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Javelot, H", "Weiner, L"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507556", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the \"panic\" word has been abundantly linked to the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic in the press, in the scientific literature very few studies have considered whether the current epidemic could predispose to the onset or the aggravation of panic attacks or panic disorder. Indeed, most studies thus far have focused on the risk of increase and aggravation of other psychiatric disorders as a consequence of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Yet, risk of onset or aggravation of panic disorder, especially the subtype with prominent respiratory symptoms, which is characterized by a fear response conditioning to interoceptive sensations (e.g., respiratory), and hypervigilance to these interoceptive signals, could be expected in the current situation. Indeed, respiratory symptoms, such as coughs and dyspnea, are among the most commonly associated with the SARS-CoV-2 (59-82% and 31-55%, respectively), and respiratory symptoms are associated with a poor illness prognosis. Hence given that some etiological and maintenance factors associated with panic disorder -\u00a0i.e., fear conditioning to abnormal breathing patterns attributable or not to the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), as well as hypervigilance towards breathing abnormalities\u00a0- are supposedly more prevalent, one could expect an increased risk of panic disorder onset or aggravation following the COVID-19 epidemic in people who were affected by the virus, but also those who were not. In people with the comorbidity (i.e., panic disorder or panic attacks and the COVID-19), it is particularly important to be aware of the risk of hypokalemia in specific at-risk situations or prescriptions. For instance, in the case of salbutamol prescription, which might be overly used in patients with anxiety disorders and COVID-19, or in patients presenting with diarrhea and vomiting. Hypokalemia is associated with an increased risk of torsade de pointe, thus caution is required when prescribing specific psychotropic drugs, such as the antidepressants citalopram and escitalopram, which are first-line treatments for panic disorder, but also hydroxyzine, aiming at anxiety reduction. The results reviewed here highlight the importance of considering and further investigating the impact of the current pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment of panic disorder (alone or comorbid with the COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32471960, "title": "COVID-19 and Congenital Heart Disease: Perspectives from a Resource-limited Setting.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Sachdeva, Sakshi", "Saxena, Anita"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471960", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442700, "pmcid": "PMC7237944", "title": "Reply to \"Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients\": To consider varicella-like exanthem associated with COVID-19, virus varicella zoster and virus herpes simplex must be ruled out.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Llamas-Velasco, Mar", "Rodriguez-Jimenez, Pedro", "Chicharro, Pablo", "De Argila, Diego", "Munoz-Hernandez, Patricia", "Dauden, E"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442700", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205709, "pmcid": "PMC7202108", "title": "The challenge of emergency medicine facing the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Freund, Yonathan"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205709", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434337, "title": "A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and COVID-19.", "journal": "Cas Lek Cesk", "authors": ["Trojanek, Milan", "Grebenyuk, Vyacheslav", "Herrmannova, Kristyna", "Necas, Tomas", "Gregorova, Jana", "Kucbel, Martin", "Sin, Robin", "Rohacova, Hana", "Stejskal, Frantisek"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434337", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By the end of 2019 the first cases of severe pneumonia of unknown origin were reported in Wuhan, China. The causative agent was identified as a novel b-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and\u00a0the disease was named COVID-19. Since the beginning of 2020, the\u00a0infection has spread worldwide, which led the WHO to declare COVID-19 a public health emergency of\u00a0international concern and to characterize the current situation as a pandemic. The\u00a0transmission occurs mainly via respiratory droplets and the incubation period ranges from\u00a02 to\u00a014 days. Most cases are mild, but some patients develop severe pneumonia with\u00a0acute respiratory distress, septic shock and multi-organ failure. The most common symptoms include fever, dry cough, myalgia and shortness of breath. Characteristic laboratory findings are normal white blood cell count or mild leukopenia, marked lymphopenia, in\u00a0severe cases elevated CRP, procalcitonin, LDH, and D-dimer are commonly found. Typical imaging findings include multifocal peripherally distributed ground-glass opacities or\u00a0consolidations, interlobular septal thickening, crazy paving appearance and cystic changes. The overall case fatality rate is estimated to range from 1 to 3 %, however, it is dependent on\u00a0age and underlying medical comorbidities. Current potential treatment options include hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir and convalescent plasma."}, {"pmid": 32346664, "pmcid": "PMC7186134", "title": "A COVID-19 epidemic model with latency period.", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Liu, Z", "Magal, P", "Seydi, Ousmane", "Webb, Glenn"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346664", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the beginning of a COVID-19 infection, there is a period of time known as the exposed or latency period, before an infected person is capable of transmitting the infection to another person. We develop two differential equations models to account for this period. The first is a model that incorporates infected persons in the exposed class, before transmission is possible. The second is a model that incorporates a time delay in infected persons, before transmission is possible. We apply both models to the COVID-19 epidemic in China. We estimate the epidemiological parameters in the models, such as the transmission rate and the basic reproductive number, using data of reported cases. We thus evaluate the role of the exposed or latency period in the dynamics of a COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32314460, "pmcid": "PMC7235502", "title": "Challenges of COVID-19 pandemic for dermatology.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Wollina, Uwe"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new coronavirus responsible for the pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The disease causes SARS with a significant morbidity and mortality. We provide a review with a focus on COVID-19 in dermatology. We discuss triage of suspected infectious patients, protection of medical doctors and nurses. We discuss the available data on cutaneous symptoms, although disease-specific symptoms have yet not been observed. COVID-19 is a challenge for the treatment of dermatologic patients, either with severe inflammatory disorders or with skin cancer. The consequences for systemic treatment are obvious but it will be most important to collect the clinical data for a better decision process. Last but not least, education in dermatology for students will not be temporarily possible in the classical settings. COVID-19, although not a skin disease, by itself has an immense impact on dermatology."}, {"pmid": 32391409, "pmcid": "PMC7206427", "title": "ONLINE FORECASTING OF COVID-19 CASES IN NIGERIA USING LIMITED DATA.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Abdulmajeed, Kabir", "Adeleke, Monsuru", "Popoola, Labode"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391409", "countries": ["China", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 but later spread to other parts of the world. The disease as at the point of writing this paper has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The application of mathematical models, artificial intelligence, big data, and similar methodologies are potential tools to predict the extent of the spread and effectiveness of containment strategies to stem the transmission of this disease. In societies with constrained data infrastructures, modeling and forecasting COVID-19 becomes an extremely difficult endeavor. Nonetheless, we propose an online forecasting mechanism that streams data from the Nigeria Center for Disease Control to update the parameters of an ensemble model which in turn provides updated COVID-19 forecasts every 24 hours. The ensemble combines an Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA), Prophet - an additive regression model developed by Facebook, and a Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing model combined with Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH). The outcomes of these efforts are expected to provide academic thrust in guiding the policymakers in the deployment of containment strategies and/or assessment of containment interventions in stemming the spread of the disease in Nigeria."}, {"pmid": 32251512, "pmcid": "PMC7146593", "title": "COVID-19: Peer Support and Crisis Communication Strategies to Promote Institutional Resilience.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Wu, Albert W", "Connors, Cheryl", "Everly, George S Jr"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251512", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492726, "title": "[Case report of contact allergy to filtering facepiece class 2 mask of a medical worker during Covid-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Laryngorhinootologie", "authors": ["Klimek, L", "Spielhaupter, M", "Alali, A", "Freudelsperger, L", "Cichy, M", "Huppertz, T", "Hagemann, J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492726", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468966, "title": "Mental health burden of frontline health professionals in screening and caring the imported COVID-19 patients in China during the pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Tian, Tengfei", "Meng, Fanqiang", "Pan, Weigang", "Zhang, Saina", "Cheung, Teris", "Ng, Chee H", "Li, Xiao-Hong", "Xiang, Yu-Tao"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468966", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371110, "pmcid": "PMC7194052", "title": "Is it Crohn's disease?", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Parigi, Tommaso Lorenzo", "Bonifacio, Cristiana", "Danese, Silvio"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371110", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375540, "title": "Mental Health Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in China.", "journal": "Am J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Zhou, Junying", "Liu, Liu", "Xue, Pei", "Yang, Xiaorong", "Tang, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375540", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303077, "title": "Considerations for Obstetric Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Dotters-Katz, Sarah K", "Hughes, Brenna L"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303077", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a growing pandemic that is impacting daily life across the globe. Though disease is often mild, in high-risk populations, severe disease often leads to intubation, intensive care admission (ICU) admission, and in many cases death. The implications for pregnancy remain largely unknown. Early data suggest that COVID-19 may not pose increased risk in the pregnant population. Vertical transmission has not been confirmed. Because no treatment, no vaccine and no herd immunity exist, social distancing is the best mechanism available to protect patients and health care workers from infection. This review will discuss what is known about the virus as it relates to pregnancy and then consider management considerations based on these data. KEY POINTS: \u00b7 COVID-19 severity in pregnancy is unclear.. \u00b7 Social distancing is the best protective mechanism.. \u00b7 No clear evidence of vertical transmission exists.. \u00b7 Mother/baby separation avoids transmission.."}, {"pmid": 32489031, "title": "[Thoughts and suggestions on analysis of death cases report during COVID-19 epidemic].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Bo", "Yan, Yu-Meng", "Li, Ze-Yu", "Chen, Teng-Fei", "Guo, Yu-Hong", "Hu, Jing", "Feng, Shuo", "Su, Xiang-Fei", "Wang, Tian-Yuan", "Li, Ping", "Wang, Qiang", "Liu, Qing-Quan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489031", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is an essential task to discuss the death cases for clinicians. During the emergent public events, the report and analysis of death cases is of far-reaching significance. The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has brought huge losses to China, and the medical system has been sustaining tremendous pressure. The best weapon to defeat the epidemic is medical data and related scientific research, of which the systematic analysis and efficient use of death cases is a key step. Based on the incomplete record of death case report, the lack of humanistic perspective and patient report, every department and institution is facing great challenge in terms of data management. Given that the relevant systems need to be improved, and that the integration of standardized reports and clinical research is not mature,as well as other problems, we put forward several methodological suggestions: \u2460 Establish national medical and health data center and improve relevant laws and regulations. \u2461 Increase investment in medical data management and start data collection and analysis as early as possible during the epidemic. \u2462 Refine the content of death case report and promote the standardization of report. \u2463 Pay close attention to the report of death cases, review, summary and analysis. More importantly, we should continue to build and improve platforms and programs related to disease control, carry out epidemic-associated scientific research, enhance the managing efficiency of public health data, elevate the anti-risk capability of our medical system, and promote the steady progress of the health China strategy."}, {"pmid": 32211963, "pmcid": "PMC7095437", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: initial chest CT findings.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Zhou, Zhiming", "Guo, Dajing", "Li, Chuanming", "Fang, Zheng", "Chen, Linli", "Yang, Ran", "Li, Xiang", "Zeng, Wenbing"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211963", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To systematically analyze CT findings during the early and progressive stages of natural course of coronavirus disease 2019 and also to explore possible changes in pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities during these two stages. We retrospectively reviewed the initial chest CT data of 62 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 patients (34 men, 28 women; age range 20-91\u00a0years old) who did not receive any antiviral treatment between January 21 and February 4, 2020, in Chongqing, China. Patients were assigned to the early-stage group (onset of symptoms within 4\u00a0days) or progressive-stage group (onset of symptoms within 4-7\u00a0days) for analysis. CT characteristics and the distribution, size, and CT score of pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities were assessed. In our study, the major characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019 was ground-glass opacity (61.3%), followed by ground-glass opacity with consolidation (35.5%), rounded opacities (25.8%), a crazy-paving pattern (25.8%), and an air bronchogram (22.6%). No patient presented cavitation, a reticular pattern, or bronchial wall thickening. The CT scores of the progressive-stage group were significantly greater than those of the early-stage group (p\u2009=\u20090.004). Multiple ground-glass opacities with consolidations in the periphery of the lungs were the primary CT characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019. CT score can be used to evaluate the severity of the disease. If these typical alterations are found, then the differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 must be considered. \u2022 Multiple GGOs with consolidations in the periphery of the lungs were the primary CT characteristic of COVID-19. \u2022 The halo sign may be a special CT feature in the early-stage COVID-19 patients. \u2022 Significantly increased CT score may indicate the aggravation of COVID-19 in the progressive stage."}, {"pmid": 32462445, "pmcid": "PMC7253230", "title": "Any unique image biomarkers associated with COVID-19?", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Pu, Jiantao", "Leader, Joseph", "Bandos, Andriy", "Shi, Junli", "Du, Pang", "Yu, Juezhao", "Yang, Bohan", "Ke, Shi", "Guo, Youmin", "Field, Jessica B", "Fuhrman, Carl", "Wilson, David", "Sciurba, Frank", "Jin, Chenwang"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462445", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To define the uniqueness of chest CT infiltrative features associated with COVID-19 image characteristics as potential diagnostic biomarkers. We retrospectively collected chest CT exams including n\u2009=\u2009498 on 151 unique patients RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 and n\u2009=\u2009497 unique patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Both COVID-19 and CAP image sets were partitioned into three groups for training, validation, and testing respectively. In an attempt to discriminate COVID-19 from CAP, we developed several classifiers based on three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We also asked two experienced radiologists to visually interpret the testing set and discriminate COVID-19 from CAP. The classification performance of the computer algorithms and the radiologists was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and the nonparametric approaches with multiplicity adjustments when necessary. One of the considered models showed non-trivial, but moderate diagnostic ability overall (AUC of 0.70 with 99% CI 0.56-0.85). This model allowed for the identification of 8-50% of CAP patients with only 2% of COVID-19 patients. Professional or automated interpretation of CT exams has a moderately low ability to distinguish between COVID-19 and CAP cases. However, the automated image analysis is promising for targeted decision-making due to being able to accurately identify a sizable subsect of non-COVID-19 cases. \u2022 Both human experts and artificial intelligent models were used to classify the CT scans. \u2022 ROC analysis and the nonparametric approaches were used to analyze the performance of the radiologists and computer algorithms. \u2022 Unique image features or patterns may not exist for reliably distinguishing all COVID-19 from CAP; however, there may be imaging markers that can identify a sizable subset of non-COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32408834, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Is This a Good Time for Implementation of Home Programs for Children's Rehabilitation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries?", "journal": "Phys Occup Ther Pediatr", "authors": ["Longo, Egmar", "de Campos, Ana Carolina", "Schiariti, Veronica"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408834", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462708, "title": "\"Conscious proning: An introduction of a proning protocol for non-intubated, awake, hypoxic Emergency Department COVID-19 patients\".", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Jiang, Lynn G", "LeBaron, Johnathon", "Bodnar, David", "Caputo, Nicholas D", "Chang, Bernard P", "Chiricolo, Gerardo", "Flores, Stefan", "Kenny, James", "Melville, Laura", "Sayan, Osman R", "Sharma, Manish", "Shemesh, Amos", "Suh, Edward", "Farmer, Brenna"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462708", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, has rapidly become a global pandemic. A major cause of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 has been the worsening hypoxia which, if untreated, can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure. Past work has found that intubated patients with ARDS experience physiological benefits to the prone position, as it promotes better matching of pulmonary perfusion to ventilation, improved secretion clearance, and recruitment of dependent areas of the lungs. We created a system-wide multi-institutional (New York-Presbyterian Hospital enterprise) protocol for placing awake, non-intubated, Emergency Department patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in the prone position. In this piece, we describe the background literature and the approach we have taken at our institution as we care for a high burden of COVID-19 cases with respiratory symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32376987, "pmcid": "PMC7203196", "title": "Inhibition of Influenza A virus propagation by benzoselenoxanthenes stabilizing TMPRSS2 Gene G-quadruplex and hence down-regulating TMPRSS2 expression.", "journal": "Sci Rep", "authors": ["Shen, Li-Wen", "Qian, Man-Qing", "Yu, Kai", "Narva, Suresh", "Yu, Fei", "Wu, Yan-Ling", "Zhang, Wen"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376987", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Proteolytic cleavage of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin by host proteases is crucial for virus infectivity and spread. The transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 was previously identified as the essential protease that can cleave hemagglutinin of many subtypes of influenza virus and spike protein of coronavirus. Herein, we found that a guanine rich tract, capable of forming intramolecular G-quadruplex in the presence of potassium ions, in the promoter region of human TMPRSS2 gene was quite important for gene transcriptional activity, hence affecting its function. Furthermore, 7 new synthesized benzoselenoxanthene analogues were found to enable stabilizing such G-quadruplex. More importantly, compounds can down-regulate TMPRSS2 gene expression, especially endogenous TMPRSS2 protein levels, and consequently suppress influenza A virus propagation in vitro. Our results provide a new strategy for anti-influenza A virus infection by small molecules targeting the TMPRSS2 gene G-quadruplex and thus inhibiting TMPRSS2 expression, which is valuable for developing small molecule drugs against influenza A virus and also may be a potential candidate as anti- SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2) lead molecules."}, {"pmid": 32300975, "pmcid": "PMC7160238", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak and steroids administration: are patients treated for Sars-Cov-2 at risk of adrenal insufficiency?", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Scaroni, C", "Armigliato, M", "Cannavo, S"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300975", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353826, "pmcid": "PMC7172837", "title": "Keeping the country positive during the COVID 19 pandemic: Evidence from India.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Vibha", "Prabhu, Arvind N", "Kamath, Giridhar B", "Pai, Divya Venkatesh"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353826", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274988, "pmcid": "PMC7253108", "title": "An Urgent Need for \"Common Cold Units\" to Study COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Halstead, Scott B"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274988", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530425, "title": "Pooling of samples for testing for SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lohse, Stefan", "Pfuhl, Thorsten", "Berko-Gottel, Barbara", "Rissland, Jurgen", "Geissler, Tobias", "Gartner, Barbara", "Becker, Soren L", "Schneitler, Sophie", "Smola, Sigrun"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530425", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31969317, "title": "Coronavirus: UK screens direct flights from Wuhan after US case.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-01-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31969317", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363596, "pmcid": "PMC7267397", "title": "Safe management of surgical smoke in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Mowbray, N G", "Ansell, J", "Horwood, J", "Cornish, J", "Rizkallah, P", "Parker, A", "Wall, P", "Spinelli, A", "Torkington, J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363596", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic has resulted in a plethora of guidance and opinion from surgical societies. A controversial area concerns the safety of surgically created smoke and the perceived potential higher risk in laparoscopic surgery. The limited published evidence was analysed in combination with expert opinion. A review was undertaken of the novel coronavirus with regards to its hazards within surgical smoke and the procedures that could mitigate the potential risks to healthcare staff. Using existing knowledge of surgical smoke, a theoretical risk of virus transmission exists. Best practice should consider the operating room set-up, patient movement and operating theatre equipment when producing a COVID-19 operating protocol. The choice of energy device can affect the smoke produced, and surgeons should manage the pneumoperitoneum meticulously during laparoscopic surgery. Devices to remove surgical smoke, including extractors, filters and non-filter devices, are discussed in detail. There is not enough evidence to quantify the risks of COVID-19 transmission in surgical smoke. However, steps can be undertaken to manage the potential hazards. The advantages of minimally invasive surgery may not need to be sacrificed in the current crisis."}, {"pmid": 32207257, "pmcid": "PMC7183837", "title": "A Patient with COVID-19 Presenting a False-Negative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Result.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Chen, Zuhua", "Li, Yunjiang", "Wu, Baoliang", "Hou, Yanchun", "Bao, Jianfeng", "Deng, Xueying"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207257", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490453, "title": "Luminescent silicon nanostructures and COVID-19.", "journal": "Faraday Discuss", "authors": ["Weatherby, Susan", "Seddon, John M", "Ceroni, Paola"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490453", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This Faraday Discussion volume is unique in the hundred plus year history of the Faraday Discussion series, being produced at a time of unprecedented circumstances worldwide and without the preceding Faraday Discussion conference having taken place."}, {"pmid": 32532945, "title": "Risk of hepatic failure in COVID-19 patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Samidoust, Pirouz", "Samidoust, Aryan", "Samadani, Ali Akbar", "Khoshdoz, Sara"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532945", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Liver injury has been reported to occur during the disease in severe cases. Therefore, this meta-analysis study aims to investigate the incidence of liver injury among published literature from 2019-Jan-01 to 2020-April-03 to provide an outline for further studies on the liver injury of COVID-19. Four databases including Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Scopus were searched for studies published from 2019-Jan-01 to 2020-April-03. Data analysis and drawing of charts were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Version 2.2 (Biostat, USA). The search yielded 450 publications, of which 64 potentially eligible studies were identified for full-text review and 21 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria remained. A total of 4191 COVID-19 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of liver injury was 19.5% (95% CI: 14.3-26.1). According to our results, there was significant heterogeneity among the 19 studies (X2 = 738.5; p < 0.001; I2 = 94.34%). Among 288 death cases, the pooled prevalence of liver injury was 22.8% (95% CI: 11.7-39.8). In summary, the COVID-19 disease itself can result in severe and even fatal respiratory diseases and even may lead to ARDS and multiple organ failure. The results of this systematic review highlight the importance of liver injury that may assist clinicians anywhere in the globe in controlling COVID-19-related infection and complications. Moreover, the prevalence of liver injury can be higher in severe cases than in mild cases."}, {"pmid": 32303838, "pmcid": "PMC7164332", "title": "Letter to the editor by Dobran Mauro, Paracino Riccardo, and Iacoangeli Maurizio regarding \"Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy.\" Zoia C, Bongetta D, Veiceschi P, Cenzato M, Di Meco F, Locatelli D, Boeris D, Fontanella MM. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020 Mar 28. doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04305-w.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Dobran, Mauro", "Paracino, Riccardo", "Iacoangeli, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303838", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297843, "pmcid": "PMC7249453", "title": "Oligonucleotides and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perspective.", "journal": "Nucleic Acid Ther", "authors": ["Rossi, John J", "Rossi, Daniel"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297843", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present global health emergency involving the emergence and rapid spread of a novel coronavirus has prompted the world scientific community to consider how it can help to fight this growing viral pandemic. With few safe and effective drugs available to combat this threat to humanity and the normal functioning of our society, the oligonucleotide research community is uniquely positioned to apply its technology and expertise to help alleviate the crisis, thanks to its capacity for rational drug design, swift development cycles, and pursuing targets undruggable by conventional treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32208840, "pmcid": "PMC7103696", "title": "Clinical observation and management of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Li, Taisheng", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Zhang, Wenhong"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208840", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Three leading infectious disease experts in China were invited to share their bedside observations in the management of COVID-19 patients. Professor Taisheng Li was sent to Wuhan to provide frontline medical care. He depicts the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, he observes the significant abnormality of coagulation function and proposes that the early intravenous immunoglobulin and low molecular weight heparin anticoagulation therapy are very important. Professor Hongzhou Lu, a leader in China to try various anti-viral drugs, expresses concern on the quality of the ongoing clinical trials as most trials are small in scale and repetitive in nature, and emphasizes the importance of the quick publication of clinical trial results. Regarding the traditional Chinese medicine, Professor Lu suggests to develop a creative evaluation system because of the complicated chemical compositions. Professor Wenhong Zhang is responsible for Shanghai's overall clinical management of the COVID-19 cases. He introduces the team approach to manage COVID-19 patients. For severe or critically ill patients, in addition to the respiratory supportive treatment, timely multiorgan evaluation and treatment is very crucial. The medical decisions and interventions are carefully tailored to the unique characteristics of each patient."}, {"pmid": 32375153, "title": "HMGB1: A Possible Crucial Therapeutic Target for COVID-19?", "journal": "Horm Res Paediatr", "authors": ["Street, Maria Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375153", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387040, "pmcid": "PMC7188631", "title": "Sofosbuvir as Repurposed Antiviral Drug Against COVID-19: Why Were We Convinced to Evaluate the Drug in a Registered/Approved Clinical Trial?", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Sayad, Babak", "Sobhani, Mahsa", "Khodarahmi, Reza"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387040", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a devastating global pandemic around the world. While the majority of infected cases appear mild, in some cases individuals present respiratory complications with possible serious lung damage. There are no specific treatments for COVID-19 as yet, though a number are under evaluation, including experimental antivirals. Sofosbuvir, the clinically approved anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) drug, is also capable of suppressing other families of positive-strand RNA viruses; Flaviviridae and Togaviridae. Coronaviruses are a family of positive-strand RNA viruses with conserved polymerase, so SARS-CoV-2 RdRp is very likely to be effectively inhibited by sofosbuvir. More importantly, sofosbuvir is safe and well tolerated at 400 mg daily in a 24 week therapeutic regimen. Sofosbuvir active metabolite, however, shows an extremely high intracellular stability So, it is hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection could also be susceptible to sofosbuvir and we were convinced to design and run a clinical trial to evaluate the effect of sofosbuvir 400 mg (in combination with velpatasvir 100 mg, as add-on treatment, in addition to standard of care) on the COVID-19. However, we believe that this manuscript/correspondence should be made available to the international scientific community as soon as possible, with the help of this esteemed journal."}, {"pmid": 32268456, "title": "[Clinical application effect of modified nasopharyngeal swab sampling for 2019 novel coronavirus nucleic acid detection].", "journal": "Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ma, S Y", "Luo, Y M", "Hu, T Y", "You, Z C", "Sun, J G", "Yu, S Y", "Yuan, Z Q", "Peng, Y Z", "Luo, G X", "Xu, Z"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268456", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To study the clinical application effect of modified nasopharyngeal swab sampling for 2019 novel coronavirus nucleic acid detection. Methods: This study covered the period from January 14 to March 1, 2020. From February 24 on, the supine position method and the protective face screen were used to collect nasopharyngeal swabs, before which, the nasopharyngeal swabs were collected by sitting position method. All the patients were diagnosed with suspected/confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus infection, who were admitted from February 19 on, before which, the nasopharyngeal swabs were collected outside the hospital. (1) Thirty-four operators meeting the inclusion criteria of the study were recruited in this retrospective cohort study. They were grouped according to the collection method of nasopharyngeal swabs. Sixteen operators of Wuhan Taikang Tongji Hospital who used the supine position method and the protective face screen were included in supine position method+protective face screen group (15 males and 1 female, aged 34-49 years); 18 operators (12 from the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), 1 from Wuhan Jiangxia Mobile Cabin Hospital, 5 from the East District of People's Hospital of Wuhan University) who used the traditional sitting position method were included in sitting position method group (2 males and 16 females, aged 25-49 years). In supine position method+protective face screen group, when collecting sample, the patient lay flat and wore a special protective face screen for nasopharyngeal swab sampling, with neck slightly extending and face turning to the opposite side of the operator about 10\u00b0. The self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the cooperation, the incidence of nausea, coughing, sneezing, and struggling of patients evaluated by the operators, the operation time of single sampling, the fear of operation and the perceived exposure risk of operators of the two groups. (2) Sixty-five patients (22 males and 43 females, aged 25-91 years) admitted to Wuhan Taikang Tongji Hospital who successively received the sitting position method and supine position method+protective face screen for nasopharyngeal swabs sampling and with complete nucleic acid detection results were included. The positive rates of nucleic acid detection by the two sampling methods of nasopharyngeal swabs of the patients were statistically analyzed. (3) Forty-one patients who could express their feelings accurately were selected from the above 65 patients (12 males and 29 females, aged 27-83 years). The comfort of patients in the process of sampling by the two methods was investigated. (4) Thirty-four patients (10 males and 24 females, aged 25-83 years) with two or more consecutive negative results of nucleic acid detection of nasopharyngeal swabs by sitting position method were selected from the above 65 patients. The positive rate of nucleic acid detection of nasopharyngeal swab of patients by supine position method+protective face screen, i.e. negative to positive rate was statistically analyzed. Data were statistically analyzed with Wilcoxon's sign rank test, t test, and chi-square test. Results: (1) The cooperation score of patients evaluated by the operators in supine position method+protective face screen group was significantly higher than that in sitting position method group (Z=-4.928, P<0.01), the incidence of nausea, choking cough, sneezing, and struggling of patients evaluated by the operators, and the fear of operation score and the perceived exposure risk score of operators were significantly lower than those of sitting position method group (Z=-5.071, -5.046, -4.095, -4.397, -4.174, -5.049, P<0.01), and the operation time of single sampling was significantly longer than that of sitting position method group (t=23.17, P<0.01). (2) The positive rate of nucleic acid detection of nasopharyngeal swabs by supine position method+protective face screen was 60.00% (39/65), which was obviously higher than 41.54% (27/65) by sitting position method (\u03c7(2)=4.432, P<0.05). (3) The comfort score of the 41 patients during nasopharyngeal swabs sampling by supine position method+protective face screen was significantly higher than that by sitting position method (Z=-5.319, P<0.01). (4) Of the 34 patients with two or more consecutive negative results of nucleic acid detection of nasopharyngeal swabs by sitting position method, the rate of negative to positive of nucleic acid detection was 26.47% (9/34) after sampling by supine position method+protective face screen. Conclusions: Compared with the traditional sitting position method, detection of 2019 novel coronavirus nucleic acids of nasopharyngeal swabs collected by supine method combined with protective face screen is worth promoting, because of its better comfort of patients, low exposure risk for operators, in addition to reducing in the false negative result to some extent, which may help reduce false recurrence of discharged patients."}, {"pmid": 32202336, "pmcid": "PMC7228354", "title": "Nursing and the novel coronavirus: Risks and responsibilities in a global outbreak.", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["Choi, Kristen R", "Skrine Jeffers, Kia", "Cynthia Logsdon, M"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531713, "title": "Neutrophil to CD4+ lymphocyte ratio as a potential biomarker in predicting virus negative conversion time in COVID-19.", "journal": "Int Immunopharmacol", "authors": ["Wang, Haizhou", "Zhang, Yongxi", "Mo, Pingzheng", "Liu, Jing", "Wang, Hongling", "Wang, Fan", "Zhao, Qiu"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531713", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, and rapidly spread throughout China. Our study aimed to evaluate the robustness of neutrophil to CD4+ lymphocyte ratio (NCD4LR) in predicting the negative conversion time (NCT) of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to evaluate the independency of NCD4LR in predicting NCT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the diagnostic accuracy. Compared with low NCD4LR patients, patients with high NCD4LR had an older age; higher incidence of fever, fatigue, chest distress/breath shortness, severer disease assessment on admission; higher levels of inflammatory indicators; low levels of lymphocyte subsets, and a longer NCT. Multivariate analysis also identified NCD4LR as an independent risk factor for delayed NCT. ROC analysis showed that NCD4LR had a better performance than neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in predicting the virus negative conversion within 2\u00a0weeks (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.772), 3\u00a0weeks (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.710), 4\u00a0weeks (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.728), or 5\u00a0weeks (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.815). This study suggests that NCD4LR is a potential and useful biomarker for predicting the virus negative conversion time in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, due to the NCDLR value is easily calculated, it can be widely used as a clinical biomarker for disease progression and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32512073, "title": "Ensuring Safety and Sustainability of Radiotherapy Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Resources Constrain Country: An Indonesian Experience.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Handoko", "Bunga Mayang Permata, Tiara", "Giselvania, Angela", "Nuryadi, Endang", "Octavianus, Steven", "Filbert Jayalie, Vito", "Nicholas", "Elis Khumaesa, Novi", "Maharani, Putri", "Djuita, Fielda", "Mahendra Wijaya, I G A G", "Wahyono, Yuddi", "Hartanto, Sugandi", "Ruhama, Rika", "Juwita Hanum, Fathiya", "Nari Nawangsih P, Christina", "Aditya Bani Kuncoro, Elia", "Fatmasari", "Purwati Pasaribu, Ulinta", "Handayani, Lulus", "Lufti Huswatun, Aida", "Fortunata, Novina", "Setyawan, Arry", "Ekaputra, Ericko", "Kusumadjati, Adji", "Adam, Faisal", "Andriani Pramitasari, Dini", "Budianti, Rita", "Ginting, Rosmita", "Rudiyo", "Mutrikah, Nuraini", "Isnaniah", "Christina, Nadia", "Widikusumo, Arundito", "Fitri, Nurul", "Febi Indarti, Annisa", "Khotimah, Siti", "Gondhowiardjo, Soehartati A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512073", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 pandemic has placed a significant burden on the healthcare sector, overwhelming health services in affected countries worldwide. As healthcare facilities reorganize their services to adapt to this challenging problem, it is important that the sustainability of essential oncology services, including radiotherapy, is maintained. This article describes the Indonesian experience in ensuring sustainability of radiotherapy services during the pandemic, highlighting various important adjustments which were made to allow radiotherapy centers nationwide to continue operating while protecting staff and patients from the risk of disease transmission. As the backlog of patients waiting to start treatment will inevitably grow, some insight on how to proactively manage this issue will also be described."}, {"pmid": 32344688, "pmcid": "PMC7215430", "title": "3-D Printed Protective Equipment during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Materials (Basel)", "authors": ["Wesemann, Christian", "Pieralli, Stefano", "Fretwurst, Tobias", "Nold, Julian", "Nelson, Katja", "Schmelzeisen, Rainer", "Hellwig, Elmar", "Spies, Benedikt Christopher"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344688", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the number of coronavirus cases from 2019 continues to grow, hospitals are reporting shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) for frontline healthcare workers. Furthermore, PPE for the eyes and mouth, such as face shields, allow for additional protection when working with aerosols. 3-D printing enables the easy and rapid production of lightweight plastic frameworks based on open-source data. The practicality and clinical suitability of four face shields printed using a fused deposition modeling printer were examined. The weight, printing time, and required tools for assembly were evaluated. To assess the clinical suitability, each face shield was worn for one hour by 10 clinicians and rated using a visual analogue scale. The filament weight (21-42 g) and printing time (1:40-3:17 h) differed significantly between the four frames. Likewise, the fit, wearing comfort, space for additional PPE, and protection varied between the designs. For clinical suitability, a chosen design should allow sufficient space for goggles and N95 respirators as well as maximum coverage of the facial area. Consequently, two datasets are recommended. For the final selection of the ideal dataset to be used for printing, scalability and economic efficiency need to be carefully balanced with an acceptable degree of protection."}, {"pmid": 32295404, "title": "Amiodarone as a possible therapy for coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Aimo, Alberto", "Baritussio, Aldo", "Emdin, Michele", "Tascini, Carlo"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295404", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429099, "title": "Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Coronaviruses and Possible Therapeutic Opportunities for COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Clemente, Valentino", "D'Arcy, Padraig", "Bazzaro, Martina"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429099", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the outbreak of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)2, the majority of nations are struggling with countermeasures to fight infection, prevent spread and improve patient survival. Considering that the pandemic is a recent event, no large clinical trials have been possible and since coronavirus specific drug are not yet available, there is no strong consensus on how to treat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated viral pneumonia. Coronaviruses code for an important multifunctional enzyme named papain-like protease (PLP), that has many roles in pathogenesis. First, PLP is one of the two viral cysteine proteases, along with 3-chymotripsin-like protease, that is responsible for the production of the replicase proteins required for viral replication. Second, its intrinsic deubiquitinating and deISGylating activities serve to antagonize the host's immune response that would otherwise hinder infection. Both deubiquitinating and deISGylating functions involve the removal of the small regulatory polypeptides, ubiquitin and ISG15, respectively, from target proteins. Ubiquitin modifications can regulate the innate immune response by affecting regulatory proteins, either by altering their stability via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway or by directly regulating their activity. ISG15 is a ubiquitin-like modifier with pleiotropic effects, typically expressed during the host cell immune response. PLP inhibitors have been evaluated during past coronavirus epidemics, and have showed promising results as an antiviral therapy in vitro. In this review, we recapitulate the roles of PLPs in coronavirus infections, report a list of PLP inhibitors and suggest possible therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 treatment, using both clinical and preclinical drugs."}, {"pmid": 32216872, "pmcid": "PMC7101232", "title": "Mitigating the impact of conference and travel cancellations on researchers' futures.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Weissgerber, Tracey", "Bediako, Yaw", "de Winde, Charlotte M", "Ebrahimi, Hedyeh", "Fernandez-Chiappe, Florencia", "Ilangovan, Vinodh", "Mehta, Devang", "Paz Quezada, Carolina", "Riley, Julia L", "Saladi, Shyam M", "Sarabipour, Sarvenaz", "Tay, Andy"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216872", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The need to protect public health during the current COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated conference cancellations on an unprecedented scale. As the scientific community adapts to new working conditions, it is important to recognize that some of our actions may disproportionately affect early-career researchers and scientists from countries with limited research funding. We encourage all conference organizers, funders and institutions who are able to do so to consider how they can mitigate the unintended consequences of conference and travel cancellations and we provide seven recommendations for how this could be achieved. The proposed solutions may also offer long-term benefits for those who normally cannot attend conferences, and thus lead to a more equitable future for generations of researchers."}, {"pmid": 32413736, "pmcid": "PMC7205724", "title": "Towards treatment planning of COVID-19: Rationale and hypothesis for the use of multiple immunosuppressive agents: Anti-antibodies, immunoglobulins, and corticosteroids.", "journal": "Int Immunopharmacol", "authors": ["Saghazadeh, Amene", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413736", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, can cause a potentially fatal disease, COVID-19, in humans. Here, we will provide an overview of therapeutic options for COVID-19. Plasma from patients recovered from COVID-19 that contains antibodies against SARS-CoV2 has shown promising results in patients with severe COVID-19. Also, IVIG, combined with moderate-dose of corticosteroids, might improve patient outcomes. Evidence links COVID-19 to variable degrees of inflammation. Studies show that the use of corticosteroids might accelerate recovery from COVID-19. There are, however, no controlled clinical trials that show whether the use of corticosteroids can reduce COVID-19-related death. Also, the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6 is the best-documented cytokine in COVID-19 correlated with severity, criticality, viral load, and prognosis of patients with COVID-19. Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody against IL6, could confer clinical benefit in patients with high IL6 levels. Essential elements that process SARS-CoV2 cell entry and specific characteristics that allow SARS-CoV2 to escape the immune system have the potential as targets for COVID-19 therapy."}, {"pmid": 32229278, "pmcid": "PMC7270881", "title": "Telehealth: Helping your patients and practice survive and thrive during the COVID-19 crisis with rapid quality implementation.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Lee, Ivy", "Kovarik, Carrie", "Tejasvi, Trilokraj", "Pizarro, Michelle", "Lipoff, Jules B"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229278", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31996342, "title": "Wuhan: Britons to be evacuated as scientists estimate 44 000 cases of 2019-nCOV in the city.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Parry, Jane"], "date": "2020-01-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31996342", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473112, "pmcid": "PMC7255287", "title": "COVID-19: long-term effects on the community response to cardiac arrest?", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Perkins, Gavin D", "Couper, Keith"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473112", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374289, "title": "Expanding the concept of the professional integrity of obstetrics during a public health emergency.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Chervenak, Frank A", "Grunebaum, Amos", "Bornstein, Eran", "Wasden, Shane", "Katz, Adi", "Rochelson, Burton L", "McCullough, Laurence B"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374289", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed great demands on many hospitals to maximize their capacity to care for affected patients. The requirement to reassign space has created challenges for obstetric services. We describe the nature of that challenge for an obstetric service in New York City. This experience raised an ethical challenge: whether it would be consistent with professional integrity to respond to a public health emergency with a plan for obstetric services that would create an increased risk of rare maternal mortality. We answered this question using the conceptual tools of professional ethics in obstetrics, especially the professional virtue of integrity. A public health emergency requires frameshifting from an individual-patient perspective to a population-based perspective. We show that an individual-patient-based, beneficence-based deliberative clinical judgment is not an adequate basis for organizational policy in response to a public health emergency. Instead, physicians, especially those in leadership positions, must frameshift to population-based clinical ethical judgment that focuses on reduction of mortality as much as possible in the entire population of patients served by a healthcare organization."}, {"pmid": 32213487, "title": "Covid-19: Trump declares intention to \"re-open economy\" within weeks against experts' advice.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213487", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293807, "pmcid": "PMC7158851", "title": "Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of antiretroviral drugs against SARS, MERS or COVID-19: initial assessment.", "journal": "J Int AIDS Soc", "authors": ["Ford, Nathan", "Vitoria, Marco", "Rangaraj, Ajay", "Norris, Susan L", "Calmy, Alexandra", "Doherty, Meg"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293807", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several antiretroviral drugs are being considered for the treatment of COVID-19, the disease caused by a newly identified coronavirus, (SARS-CoV-2). We systematically reviewed the clinical outcomes of using antiretroviral drugs for the prevention and treatment of coronaviruses and planned clinical trials. Three databases were screened from inception to 30 March 2020 for studies reporting clinical outcomes of patients with SARS, MERS or COVID-19 treated with antiretrovirals. From an initial screen of 433 titles, two randomized trials and 24 observational studies provided clinical outcome data on the use of antiretroviral drugs; most studies reported outcomes using LPV/r as treatment. Of the 21 observational studies reporting treatment outcomes, there were three studies among patients with SARS, six studies among patients with MERS and 12 studies among patients with COVID-19. In one randomized trial 99 patients with severe COVID-19 illness were randomized to receive LPV/r (400/100\u00a0mg twice a day) and 100 patients to standard of care for 14\u00a0days: LPV/r was not associated with a statistically significant difference in time to clinical improvement, although LPV/r given within 12\u00a0days of symptoms was associated with shorter time to clinical improvement; 28\u00a0day mortality was numerically lower in the LPV/r group (14/99) compared to the control group (25/100), but this difference was not statistically significant. The second trial found no benefit. The certainty of the evidence for the randomized trials was low. In the observational studies 3 out of 361 patients who received LPV/r died; the certainty of evidence was very low. Three studies reported a possible protective effect of LPV/r as post-exposure prophylaxis. Again, the certainty of the evidence was very low due to uncertainty due to limited sample size. On the basis of the available evidence it is uncertain whether LPV/r and other antiretrovirals improve clinical outcomes or prevent infection among patients at high risk of acquiring COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32525383, "title": "Aging veterans' mental health and well-being in the context of COVID-19: The importance of social ties during physical distancing.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Marini, Christina M", "Pless Kaiser, Anica", "Smith, Brian N", "Fiori, Katherine L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525383", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prior wartime trauma likely acts as a double-edged sword that promotes both aging veterans' vulnerability and resilience in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. During this stressful time, aging veterans may benefit from having an array of socially supportive network ties. We therefore suggest that clinicians working with veterans encourage veterans to (a) create or sustain positive social connections while maintaining physical distance and (b) call upon coping strategies that helped them manage past difficulties. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32282023, "title": "Oncology Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Schrag, Deborah", "Hershman, Dawn L", "Basch, Ethan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282023", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497462, "title": "COVID-19: Implications for the Support of People with Social Care Needs in England.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Comas-Herrera, Adelina", "Fernandez, Jose-Luis", "Hancock, Ruth", "Hatton, Chris", "Knapp, Martin", "McDaid, David", "Malley, Juliette", "Wistow, Gerald", "Wittenberg, Raphael"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497462", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This perspective examines the challenge posed by COVID-19 for social care services in England and describes responses to this challenge. People with social care needs experience increased risks of death and deteriorating physical and mental health with COVID-19. Social isolation introduced to reduce COVID-19 transmission may adversely affect well-being. While the need for social care rises, the ability of families and social care staff to provide support is reduced by illness and quarantine, implying reductions in staffing levels. Consequently, COVID-19 could seriously threaten care availability and quality. The government has sought volunteers to work in health and social care to help address the threat posed by staff shortages at a time of rising need, and the call has achieved an excellent response. The government has also removed some barriers to effective coordination between health and social care, while introducing measures to promote the financial viability of care providers. The pandemic presents unprecedented challenges that require well-co-coordinated responses across central and local government, health services, and non-government sectors."}, {"pmid": 32351873, "pmcid": "PMC7189021", "title": "Will the antimalarial drug take over to combat COVID-19?", "journal": "Z Gesundh Wiss", "authors": ["T K, Sivabakya", "G, Srinivas"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351873", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "China has been fighting the epidemic of pneumonia-like diseases first detected for over a month in the city of Wuhan in December 2019. The disease epidemic is caused by a novel coronavirus, called COVID-19, which has now infected more than 700,000 people worldwide. With a death toll approaching that of China's SARS-CoV outbreak in 2002 and 2003, 2019-nCoV has contributed to an international emergency in public health, placing all health organizations on high alert. Such large numbers of infected and deceased people require an urgent need for reliable, inexpensive, and cheap drugs to control and reduce the outbreak. To systematically review and evaluate the pattern of COVID-19 and the treatment plans. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The articles were searched from databases like PubMed, the Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and the Health Research and Development Information Network (HERDIN) combining MeSH and free-text terms. This analysis highlights the agent of COVID-19 and the possible transmission. The current research taking place to overcome this complex disease and the urgent need to develop improved therapeutics are also discussed. Herein, we present an epidemiological overview of the currently available information on the treatment claimed to have helped to bring the situation under control."}, {"pmid": 32267499, "pmcid": "PMC7184394", "title": "The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in coronaviruses/influenza viruses and cardiovascular disease.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Res", "authors": ["Chen, Li", "Hao, Guang"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267499", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has emerged as a key regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular (CV) disease and plays a pivotal role in infections by coronaviruses and influenza viruses. The present review is primarily focused on the findings to indicate the role of ACE2 in the relationship of coronaviruses and influenza viruses to CV disease. It is postulated that the risk of coronavirus or influenza virus infection is high, at least partly due to high ACE2 expression in populations with a high CV risk. Coronavirus and influenza virus vaccine usage in high CV risk populations could be a potential strategy to prevent both CV disease and coronavirus/influenza virus infections."}, {"pmid": 32335177, "pmcid": "PMC7179502", "title": "The economics of infection prevention: why it is crucial to invest in hand hygiene and nurses during the novel coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Peters, Alexandra", "Lotfinejad, Nasim", "Simniceanu, Alice", "Pittet, Didier"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335177", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208139, "pmcid": "PMC7146659", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Beyond: Micropractices for Burnout Prevention and Emotional Wellness.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Fessell, David", "Cherniss, Cary"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208139", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474984, "title": "Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Onychomycosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Lipner, Shari R", "Ricardo, Jose W"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474984", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402512, "pmcid": "PMC7158774", "title": "A Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Treated With Ciclesonide.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Nakajima, Kento", "Ogawa, Fumihiro", "Sakai, Kazuya", "Uchiyama, Munehito", "Oyama, Yutaro", "Kato, Hideaki", "Takeuchi, Ichiro"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402512", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379855, "title": "Palliative Care for Patients With Cancer in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "JAMA Oncol", "authors": ["Mehta, Ambereen K", "Smith, Thomas J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379855", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240766, "pmcid": "PMC7138159", "title": "The emotional impact of COVID-19: From medical staff to common people.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Montemurro, Nicola"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240766", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302074, "title": "Covid-19 and the Need for Health Care Reform.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["King, Jaime S"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302074", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451613, "pmcid": "PMC7246221", "title": "Quantitative evaluation of olfactory dysfunction in hospitalized patients with Coronavirus [2] (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Tsivgoulis, Georgios", "Fragkou, Paraskevi C", "Delides, Alexander", "Karofylakis, Emmanouil", "Dimopoulou, Dimitra", "Sfikakis, Petros P", "Tsiodras, Sotirios"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451613", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450560, "title": "COVID-19, Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin, and Hemodialysis.", "journal": "Kidney Blood Press Res", "authors": ["Perna, Alessandra F", "Capolongo, Giovanna", "Trepiccione, Francesco", "Simeoni, Mariadelina", "Zacchia, Miriam", "Ingrosso, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450560", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220663, "pmcid": "PMC7104153", "title": "The role of CT in case ascertainment and management of COVID-19 pneumonia in the UK: insights from high-incidence regions.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Chua, Felix", "Armstrong-James, Darius", "Desai, Sujal R", "Barnett, Joseph", "Kouranos, Vasileios", "Kon, Onn Min", "Jose, Ricardo", "Vancheeswaran, Rama", "Loebinger, Michael R", "Wong, Joyce", "Cutino-Moguel, Maria Teresa", "Morgan, Cliff", "Ledot, Stephane", "Lams, Boris", "Yip, Wing Ho", "Li, Leski", "Lee, Ying Cheong", "Draper, Adrian", "Kho, Sze Shyang", "Renzoni, Elisabetta", "Ward, Katie", "Periselneris, Jimstan", "Grubnic, Sisa", "Lipman, Marc", "Wells, Athol U", "Devaraj, Anand"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220663", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478712, "title": "Global Collaboration in Times of COVID-19: Cuba's Emergency Medical Contingent.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Gorry, Conner"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478712", "countries": ["Mozambique", "Haiti", "Cuba", "Pakistan", "Guatemala"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The days are long and arduous, with end-less patients to attend, often in a foreign language, always on foreign shores. Far from family and the familiar. Sleep is fi tful at best for health profession-als serving in emergency situations-when sickness obeys no clock and patients' pain haunts even the quiet moments. The crisis scenario varies: post-earthquake, hurricane or tsunami; amid a cholera or Ebola epidemic. The countries vary: Haiti, Pakistan, Guatemala, Mozambique, Sierra Leone. What does not vary is the answer to the calls for help and Cuban professionals' commitment to care for the most vulner-able. These aren't armchair musings or a political pat on the back: they are my own conclusions after living for weeks in close-quarter tents with Cuban doctors, nurses and biomedical engineers in post-earth-quake Pakistan and Haiti, and witnessing their work."}, {"pmid": 32502282, "title": "Zooming-Out COVID: Virtual Clinical Experiences in an Emergency Medicine Clerkship.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Chandra, Shruti", "Laoteppitaks, Chaiya", "Mingioni, Nina", "Papanagnou, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502282", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the setting of the novel 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, it has been challenging to provide medical students in the Emergency Medicine (EM) clerkship meaningful clinical experiences that would meet clinical course goals and objectives, as well as satisfy Liaison Committee for Medical Education (LCME) requirements. During the EM clerkship, students play an integral role in interviewing patients, formulating treatment plans, facilitating patient discharges, and counseling patients. Immediately available direct and indirect supervision are paramount to ensure student learning and safe patient care. The authors present a novel clinical educational experience for senior medical students in an EM clerkship that fulfills specific clinical course learning objectives, while still providing students the opportunity to interact live with patients. We designed a virtual clinical experience where students performed supervised 'virtual callbacks' for patients recently evaluated in the ED. Student feedback on this experience has been positive. Completing the COVID-19 callbacks decreased some of the clinical burden on the department. Patients, too, were grateful for the follow-up."}, {"pmid": 32434254, "title": "Challenges at the Time of COVID-19: Opportunities and Innovations in Antivirals from Nature.", "journal": "Planta Med", "authors": ["Hensel, Andreas", "Bauer, Rudolf", "Heinrich, Michael", "Spiegler, Verena", "Kayser, Oliver", "Hempel, Georg", "Kraft, Karin"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434254", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As viral infections are an increasing threat to human societies, the need for new therapeutic strategies is becoming even more obvious. As no vaccine is available for COVID-19, the development of directly acting antiviral agents and preventive strategies have to be considered. Nature provides a huge reservoir of anti-infectious compounds, from which we can deduce innovative ideas, therapies, and products. Anti-adhesive natural products interact with the receptor-mediated recognition and early interaction of viruses with the host cells, leading to a reduced internalisation of the virus and reduced infections (e.g., procyanidin-B-2-di-O-gallate against influenza and herpes virus). Lignans like podophyllotoxin and bicyclol show strong antiviral activities against different viruses, and essential oils can directly interact with viral membranes and reduce the host's inflammatory responses (e.g., 1,8-cineol). Echinacea extracts stimulate the immune system, and bioavailable alkamides are key players by interacting with immunomodulating cannabinoid receptors. COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infections have, in part, successfully been treated in China by preparations from traditional Chinese medicine and, while it is too early to draw conclusions, some promising data are available. There is huge potential, but intensified research is needed to develop evidence-based medicines with a clearly defined chemical profile. Intensified research and development, and therefore funding, are needed for exploiting nature's reservoir against viral infections. Combined action for basic research, chemistry, pharmacognosy, virology, and clinical studies, but also supply chain, sustainable sourcing, and economic aspects have to be considered. This review calls for intensified innovative science on natural products for the patients and for a healthier world!"}, {"pmid": 32423638, "pmcid": "PMC7205649", "title": "From ground-glass opacities to pulmonary emboli. A snapshot of the evolving role of a radiology unit facing the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Flor, N", "Tonolini, M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423638", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534328, "title": "COVID-19 and thrombotic complications: Pulmonary thrombosis rather than embolism?", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Gabrielli, Maurizio", "Lamendola, Priscilla", "Esperide, Alessandra", "Valletta, Federico", "Franceschi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534328", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202259, "title": "Need for integrated surveillance at human-animal interface for rapid detection & response to emerging coronavirus infections using One Health approach.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Bhatia, Rajesh"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202259", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531036, "title": "Public health in the eye of the storm: what can we learn from the COVID-19 pandemic experience to strengthen public health services in Europe?", "journal": "Eur J Public Health", "authors": ["Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha", "Kluge, Hans Henri P"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531036", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251144, "title": "Prioritizing Access to Surgical Care During the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Dis Colon Rectum", "authors": ["Carlson, Gordon L"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251144", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525827, "title": "Estimating case fatality ratio during COVID-19 epidemics: Pitfalls and alternatives.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Chirico, Francesco", "Nucera, Gabriella", "Magnavita, Nicola"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525827", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259028, "pmcid": "PMC7117643", "title": "New threat: 2019 novel Coronavirus infection and infection control perspective in Turkey.", "journal": "North Clin Istanb", "authors": ["Kilic, Aysegul Ulu", "Kara, Fatih", "Alp, Emine", "Doganay, Mehmet"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259028", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369191, "pmcid": "PMC7267594", "title": "Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Alattar, Rand", "Ibrahim, Tawheeda B H", "Shaar, Shahd H", "Abdalla, Shiema", "Shukri, Kinda", "Daghfal, Joanne N", "Khatib, Mohamed Y", "Aboukamar, Mohamed", "Abukhattab, Mohamed", "Alsoub, Hussam A", "Almaslamani, Muna A", "Omrani, Ali S"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369191", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 inhibitor, may ameliorate the inflammatory manifestations associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and thus improve clinical outcomes. This was a retrospective review of patients with laboratory-confirmed severe COVID-19 who received tocilizumab and completed 14 days of follow up. Twenty-five patients were included, median age was 58 years (interquartile range, 50-63) and the majority were males (92%). Co-morbidities included diabetes mellitus (48%), chronic kidney disease (16%), and cardiovascular disease (12%). Fever (92%), cough (84%), and dyspnea (72%) were the commonest presenting symptoms. All patients received at least two concomitant investigational antiviral agents. Median oral temperature was on day 1,\u00a03, and 7 was 38.0\u00b0C, 37.3\u00b0C (P\u2009=\u2009.043), and 37.0\u00b0C (P\u2009=\u2009.064), respectively. Corresponding median C-reactive protein\u00a0was 193\u00a0and\u00a07.9\u2009mg/L (P\u2009<\u2009.0001) and <6\u2009mg/L (P\u2009=\u2009.0001). Radiological improvement was noted in 44% of patients by day\u00a07% and 68% by day 14. Nine patients (36%) were discharged alive from intensive care unit and three (12%) died. The proportion of patients on invasive ventilation declined from (84%) at the time of tocilizumab initiation to 60% on day 7 (P\u2009=\u2009.031) and 28% on day 14 (P\u2009=\u2009.001). The majority (92%) of patients experienced at least one adverse event. However, it is not possible to ascertain which adverse events were directly related to tocilizumab therapy. In patients with severe COVID-19, tocilizumab was associated with dramatic decline in inflammatory markers, radiological improvement and reduced ventilatory support requirements. Given the study's limitations, the results require assessment in adequately powered randomized controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32168463, "pmcid": "PMC7258483", "title": "Case-Fatality Risk Estimates for COVID-19 Calculated by Using a Lag Time for Fatality.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wilson, Nick", "Kvalsvig, Amanda", "Barnard, Lucy Telfar", "Baker, Michael G"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32168463", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We estimated the case-fatality risk for coronavirus disease cases in China (3.5%); China, excluding Hubei Province (0.8%); 82 countries, territories, and areas (4.2%); and on a cruise ship (0.6%). Lower estimates might be closest to the true value, but a broad range of 0.25%-3.0% probably should be considered."}, {"pmid": 32531138, "title": "Clinical course and treatment efficacy of COVID-19 near Hubei Province, China: a multicentre, retrospective study.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Zeng, Qing-Lei", "Li, Guang-Ming", "Ji, Fanpu", "Ma, Shu-Huan", "Zhang, Guo-Fan", "Xu, Jiang-Hai", "Lin, Wan-Bao", "Xu, Guang-Hua", "Zhang, Guo-Qiang", "Li, Guo-Tao", "Cui, Guang-Lin", "Liu, Na", "Zeng, Fan-Jun", "Ai, Zhi-Guo", "Xu, Guang-Feng", "Liu, Na", "Liang, Jie", "Zhang, Min-Min", "Li, Cheng", "Zhang, Zhi-Hao", "Wang, Ze-Shuai", "Li, Zongfang", "Yu, Zu-Jiang"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531138", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, COVID-19 has been reported in nearly all countries globally. To date, little is known about the viral shedding duration, clinical course, and treatment efficacy of COVID-19 near Hubei Province, China. This multicentre, retrospective study was performed in 12 hospitals in Henan and Shaanxi Provinces from January 20 to February 8, 2020. Clinical outcomes were followed up until March 26, 2020. The viral shedding duration, full clinical course, and treatment efficacy were analysed in different subgroups of patients. A total of 149 COVID-19 patients were enrolled. The median age was 42 years, and 61.1% (91) were males. Of them, 133 (89.3%) had fever, 131 of 144 (91%) had pneumonia, 27 (18.1%) required intensive care unit (ICU) management, 3 (2%) were pregnant, and 3 (2%) died. Two premature newborns were negative for SARS-CoV-2. In total, the median SARS-CoV-2 shedding period and clinical course were 12 (IQR: 9-17; mean: 13.4, 95% CI: 12.5, 14.2) and 20 (IQR: 16-24; mean: 21.2, 95% CI: 20.1, 22.3) days, respectively; and ICU patients had longer median viral shedding periods (21 [17-24] vs 11 [9-15]) and clinical courses (30 [22-33] vs 19 [15.8-22]) than non-ICU patients (both p<0.0001). SARS-CoV-2 clearances occurred at least 2 days before fatality in 3 non-survivors. Current treatment with any antiviral agent or combination did not present the benefit of shortening viral shedding period and clinical course (all p>0.05) in real-life settings. In conclusion, the viral shedding duration and clinical course in Henan and Shaanxi Provinces were shorter than those in Hubei Province, and current antiviral therapies were ineffective for shortening viral shedding duration and clinical course in real-world settings. These findings expand our knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be helpful for management of the epidemic outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide. Further studies concerning effective antiviral agents and vaccines are urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32470350, "pmcid": "PMC7250097", "title": "Commentary: Myths and facts on vitamin D amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Chakhtoura, M", "Napoli, N", "El Hajj Fuleihan, G"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470350", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305489, "pmcid": "PMC7162788", "title": "Clinical characteristics of older patients: The experience of a geriatric short-stay unit dedicated to patients with COVID-19 in France.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Godaert, Lidvine", "Proye, Emeline", "Demoustier-Tampere, David", "Coulibaly, Pecory Souleymane", "Hequet, Fanny", "Drame, Moustapha"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305489", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515392, "title": "Novel coronavirus disease pandemic and ophthalmologist's perspectives.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Adhi, Mohammad Idrees"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ophthalmologists are among those healers facing a higher risk of acquiring novel coronavirus disease 2019, called COVID-19, during their professional duties since they have close physical contact with their patients. Some patients with COVID-19 may present with or may develop conjunctivitis during the course of the illness. The ocular secretions and tears have been identified to have positive results to COVID-19 tests and as such could be a source of spread. This review aims at providing the useful guidelines to ophthalmic professionals for their own safety, and safety of their patients based on the available current literature, and also based on personal experience and observations. Literature search was made on PubMed for COVID-19 in relation to ophthalmology in the limited period of the last quarter of 2019 and first quarter of 2020. Research also included access to current guidelines published by various ophthalmic societies. Accordingly, present and future ophthalmic practice patterns need to be modified."}, {"pmid": 32294238, "pmcid": "PMC7235524", "title": "Concerns related to COVID-19 pandemic among patients with inflammatory bowel disease and its influence on patient management.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Bodini, Giorgia", "Demarzo, Maria Giulia", "Casagrande, Edoardo", "De Maria, Costanza", "Kayali, Stefano", "Ziola, Sebastiano", "Giannini, Edoardo G"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294238", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392425, "title": "Response of Cardiac Surgery Units to COVID-19: An Internationally-Based Quantitative Survey.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Gaudino, Mario", "Chikwe, Joanna", "Hameed, Irbaz", "Robinson, N Bryce", "Fremes, Stephen E", "Ruel, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392425", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330313, "pmcid": "PMC7264617", "title": "Asymptomatic COVID-19 infection in late pregnancy indicated no vertical transmission.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lu, Dawei", "Sang, Lin", "Du, Shihua", "Li, Tao", "Chang, Yange", "Yang, Xiu-An"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330313", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of late pregnancy with asymptomatic 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection, evaluate the outcome of maternal and fetal prognosis, and identify the evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission. A 22-years-old pregnant woman with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection who was admitted to our hospital on 11 February 2020 was enrolled in this study. Clinical data including laboratory test results and chest computed tomography (CT) scanning were collected and reviewed. Diagnosis of late pregnancy with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection was made. Lumbar anesthesia for cesarean section was performed and a female baby was delivered uneventfully, with the Apgar score of 9 to 10 points. Three times of COVID-19 nucleic acid test for the baby was negative after delivery. The puerpera returned to normal after the operation and two times of throat swab COVID-19 nucleic acid test were all negative after antiviral therapy. We reported an asymptomatic COVID-19 pregnant woman with detailed clinical information and our result indicated that for late pregnant women with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, there might be no intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission."}, {"pmid": 32339391, "pmcid": "PMC7267593", "title": "The role of adipocytes and adipocyte-like cells in the severity of COVID-19 infections.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Kruglikov, Ilja L", "Scherer, Philipp E"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339391", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\u00a0(SARS-CoV-2), demonstrates high morbidity and mortality caused by development of a severe acute respiratory syndrome connected with extensive pulmonary fibrosis. In this Perspective, we argue that adipocytes and adipocyte-like cells, such as pulmonary lipofibroblasts, may play an important role in the pathogenic response to SARS-CoV-2. Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (the functional receptor for SARS-CoV) is upregulated in adipocytes of patients with obesity and diabetes, which turns adipose tissue into a potential target and viral reservoir. This may explain why obesity and diabetes are potential comorbidities for COVID-19 infections. Similar to the recently established adipocyte-myofibroblast transition, pulmonary lipofibroblasts located in the alveolar interstitium and closely related to classical adipocytes demonstrate the ability to transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts that play an integral part of pulmonary fibrosis. This may significantly increase the severity of the local response to SARS-CoV-2 in the lung. To reduce the severity and mortality associated\u00a0with COVID-19, we propose to probe for the clinical response to thiazolidinediones, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor \u03b3 agonists that are well-known antidiabetic drugs. Thiazolidinediones are able to stabilize lipofibroblasts in their \"inactive\" state, preventing the transition to myofibroblasts and thereby reducing the development of pulmonary fibrosis and stimulating its resolution."}, {"pmid": 32445031, "pmcid": "PMC7244398", "title": "Maximizing virtual meetings and conferences: a review of best practices.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Rubinger, Luc", "Gazendam, Aaron", "Ekhtiari, Seper", "Nucci, Nicholas", "Payne, Abbey", "Johal, Herman", "Khanduja, Vikas", "Bhandari, Mohit"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445031", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is more important than ever to maximize communication in the scientific and medical community. In the context of academic meetings and conferences, there is the growing need for a set of guidelines secondary to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the growing environmental and economic challenges that large academic and medical conferences face. These Virtual Meetings Best Practices were established in response to the scant evidence and guidance on the topic. These best practice guidelines were developed from a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature, grey literature and lay literature. MEDLINE and Embase databases were scoped for relevant, non-duplicate articles. For lay articles, Google searches were utilized. The recommendations that comprise this document are a compilation of nonexperimental descriptive studies (e.g. case studies) and expert committee reports, opinions and/or experience of respected authorities, and lay articles. We identified four phases of the meeting cycle: Pre-planning considerations, Planning, Accomplishing conference goals through execution, gauging Response and Engaging the target audience for future cycles (PrePARE). Akin to the Plan, Do, Study, Act Cycle of quality improvement interventions, this document is meant to drive meaningful initial and subsequent interventions in the meetings of the medical and academic community. This covers actions and preparation for registration, scheduling, speakers, attendees, event type, technology, monetization/marketing, dealing with disruptions, post-event deliverables, response and engagement strategies. Enhanced access to integrated, high-quality and efficient virtual meetings will establish a new norm as an effective alternative for innovative health research, education and information dissemination in orthopaedics and beyond. Given the uncertainty of whether large in-person gatherings will be permitted, advisable or responsible later into the summer of 2020 and beyond, these guidelines will aid events being converted and scheduled as virtual-only meetings. As we move forward in the era of increased utility and utilization of virtual conferencing, these guidelines will serve as a benchmark and standard for surgeons in the field."}, {"pmid": 32353116, "pmcid": "PMC7197603", "title": "Modeling SARS-CoV-2 positivity using laboratory data: timing is everything.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Larson, Thor", "Culbreath, Karissa", "Chavez, Dennis", "Larson, Richard", "Crossey, Michael", "Grenache, David G"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353116", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307930, "title": "Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of dental practitioners regarding the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational study.", "journal": "Dent Med Probl", "authors": ["Kamate, Shivalingesh Krishnappa", "Sharma, Swati", "Thakar, Sahil", "Srivastava, Divya", "Sengupta, Kaushikee", "Hadi, Ahmed Jhurry", "Chaudhary, Alankrita", "Joshi, Ruby", "Dhanker, Kuldeep"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307930", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global public health emergency that is affecting people across the globe. The aim of this study was to assess the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) of dental practitioners regarding the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic. An online questionnaire was distributed among dentists across the globe using a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. The questionnaire was divided into 4 sections: the 1st one contained personal information, whereas the 2nd, 3rd and 4th sections assessed knowledge (11 questions), attitudes (6 questions) and practices (7 questions) of the dentists. The data was subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate linear regression, and Pearson's correlation; 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated and odds ratio (OR) was obtained. The analysis was done using IBM SPSS for Windows, v. 21.0. The total number of the responses received (860) was divided with regard to various continents (Asia, Americas - North and South, Europe, Africa, and other - Australia and Antarctica). The largest number of dentists came from the Asian continent (264; 30.7%). Most dentists had a degree of MDS (Master of Dental Science) (301; 35.0%), followed by BDS (Bachelor of Dental Surgery) (282; 32.8%) and DDS (Doctor of Dental Surgery) (226; 26.3%). High/Good knowledge and practice scores were observed among 92.7% and 79.5 % of the dentists, respectively. Good knowledge scores were significantly associated with qualifications (p = 0.04) and years of practice (p = 0.02); good practice scores were associated with qualifications only (p = 0.03). The dentists were found to have good knowledge and practice scores, which is important to combat COVID-19. They are advised to follow the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines in their clinics, and sensitize their staff so that no stone is left unturned in defeating this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32386472, "title": "Leadership proficiency in surgery: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Surg", "authors": ["Hirpara, Dhruvin H", "Taylor, Bryce"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386472", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has accentuated the importance of leadership training for health care professionals, particularly surgeons. Surgeons are expected to lead and thrive in multidisciplinary teams. There is, however, a critical gap in teaching residents about fundamental leadership principles, such as developing productive and vision-driven teams, conflict resolution and emotional intelligence. We discuss the merits of leadership training for surgical residents and future directions for implementing a leadership curriculum for Canadian residency programs in the competency by design era."}, {"pmid": 32480250, "pmcid": "PMC7248637", "title": "Protective effects of vaccinations and endemic infections on COVID-19: A hypothesis.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Meenakshisundaram, Ramachandran", "Senthilkumaran, Subramanian", "Thirumalaikolundusubramanian, Ponniah"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480250", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330460, "pmcid": "PMC7172855", "title": "Treading Lightly in a Pandemic: #Zentensivist Reflections on COVID-19.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Siuba, Matthew T", "Dugar, Siddharth", "Shekar, Kiran"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330460", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334158, "pmcid": "PMC7169889", "title": "Impact of weather on COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Sahin, Mehmet"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334158", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic, which has numerous global implications, has led people to believe that nothing will be the same as before. The present day is dominated by studies on determining the factors that affect, taking preventive actions, and trying to find an effective treatment on top priority. Meteorological parameters are among the crucial factors affecting infectious diseases. The present study examines the correlation between weather and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by considering nine cities in Turkey. In this regard, temperature (\u00b0C), dew point (\u00b0C), humidity (%), and wind speed (mph) are considered as parameters of weather. Research states that the incubation period of COVID-19 varies from 1\u202fday to 14\u202fdays. Therefore, the effects of each parameter within 1, 3, 7, and 14\u202fdays are examined. In addition, the population is included as an effective parameter for evaluation. The analyses are conducted based on Spearman's correlation coefficients. The results showed that the highest correlations were observed for population, wind speed 14\u202fdays ago, and temperature on the day, respectively. The study results may guide authorities and decision-makers on taking specific measures for the cities."}, {"pmid": 32522870, "title": "Rationing social contact during the COVID-19 pandemic: Transmission risk and social benefits of US locations.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Benzell, Seth G", "Collis, Avinash", "Nicolaides, Christos"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522870", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some types of public spaces have been shut down while others remain open. These decisions constitute a judgment about the relative danger and benefits of those locations. Using mobility data from a large sample of smartphones, nationally representative consumer preference surveys, and economic statistics, we measure the relative transmission reduction benefit and social cost of closing 26 categories of US locations. Our categories include types of shops, entertainments, and service providers. We rank categories by their trade-off of social benefits and transmission risk via dominance across 13 dimensions of risk and importance and through composite indexes. We find that, from February to March 2020, there were larger declines in visits to locations that our measures indicate should be closed first."}, {"pmid": 32236089, "title": "Respiratory physiotherapy in patients with COVID-19 infection in acute setting: a Position Paper of the Italian Association of Respiratory Physiotherapists (ARIR).", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Lazzeri, Marta", "Lanza, Andrea", "Bellini, Raffaella", "Bellofiore, Angela", "Cecchetto, Simone", "Colombo, Alessia", "D'Abrosca, Francesco", "Del Monaco, Cesare", "Gaudiello, Giuseppe", "Paneroni, Mara", "Privitera, Emilia", "Retucci, Mariangela", "Rossi, Veronica", "Santambrogio, Martina", "Sommariva, Maurizio", "Frigerio, Pamela"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236089", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory physiotherapy in patients with COVID-19 infection in acute setting: a Position Paper of the Italian Association of Respiratory Physiotherapists (ARIR) On February 2020, Italy, especially the northern regions, was hit by an epidemic of the new SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus that spread from China between December 2019 and January 2020. The entire healthcare system had to respond promptly in a very short time to an exponential growth of the number of subjects affected by COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) with the need of semi-intensive and intensive care units."}, {"pmid": 32437004, "title": "Hepatic complications of COVID-19 and its treatment.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Tian, Dandan", "Ye, Qing"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437004", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious and has a variety of clinical manifestations, it can affect a number of other organs in addition to the lungs, and liver injury may occur. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 can cause liver injury through systemic inflammatory response syndrome, cytokine storms, ischemia-reperfusion injury, side effects of treatment drugs, and underlying liver disease and can attack liver cells directly via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Clinical studies have found that liver injury in COVID-19 patients mainly manifests as abnormal liver biochemical indicators, but there have been no reports of liver failure caused by this disease. The number of COVID-19 patients with liver injury is increasing, and the incidence of liver injury in COVID-19 patients with severe disease are higher than in patients with mild disease. Liver injury may be a risk factor, which worsens in patients with COVID-19, and hence it is necessary to pay attention to the occurrence of liver injury in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32500939, "title": "Controversies Regarding Shielding and Susceptibility to COVID-19 Disease in Liver transplant Recipients in the United Kingdom.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hann, A", "Lembach, H", "McKay, S C", "Perrin, M", "Isaac, J", "Oo, Y H", "Mutimer, D", "Mirza, D F", "Hartog, H", "Perera, Mtpr"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500939", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "December 2019 saw the emergence of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which rapidly escalated to a global pandemic 1 , with an unprecedented impact on healthcare systems worldwide. The objective of this case series is to report on SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients and discuss the role of immunosuppression, comorbidities and shielding. In the UK, transplant recipients were classified as individuals vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to immunosuppression. They were advised in late March 2020 (Figure 1) by Public Health England to take additional social distancing precautions, a process referred to as 'shielding' 2 . This is a more rigorous form of isolation that requires the individual to not leave their place of residence or come into contact with others. In essence, completely isolate to minimise the risk of being exposed to SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32354668, "pmcid": "PMC7183284", "title": "Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Clinician Decision Making: Known Knowns and Known Unknowns.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Boon, I S", "Au Yong, T P T", "Boon, C S"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354668", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513807, "title": "What is the role of supplementation with ascorbic acid, zinc, vitamin D, or N-acetylcysteine for prevention or treatment of COVID-19?", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Bauer, Seth R", "Kapoor, Aanchal", "Rath, Mary", "Thomas, Suma A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513807", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several agents intended to supplement dietary intake or endogenous molecules may have a theoretical role in preventing or treating COVID-19. Because of their potential to influence immune response, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), zinc, vitamin D, and N-acetylcysteine have been hypothesized to be useful for prevention or treatment of COVID-19. The authors outline the biologic plausibility, applicable clinical data, and potential role of each of these agents."}, {"pmid": 32344060, "pmcid": "PMC7194823", "title": "Spine fellowship training reorganizing during a pandemic: perspectives from a tertiary orthopedic specialty center in the epicenter of outbreak.", "journal": "Spine J", "authors": ["Dowdell, James E", "Louie, Philip K", "Virk, Sohrab", "McCarthy, Michael H", "Sandhu, Harvinder S", "Qureshi, Sheeraz A", "Albert, Todd J", "Kim, Han Jo"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344060", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32160273, "pmcid": "PMC7081177", "title": "How Should U.S. Hospitals Prepare for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)?", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Chopra, Vineet", "Toner, Eric", "Waldhorn, Richard", "Washer, Laraine"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160273", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449224, "title": "Analysis of the clinical characteristics, drug treatments and prognoses of 136 patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Clin Pharm Ther", "authors": ["Yang, Qiuxiang", "Xie, Ling", "Zhang, Wei", "Zhao, Lin", "Wu, HuaJun", "Jiang, Jie", "Zou, Jili", "Liu, Jianguang", "Wu, Jun", "Chen, Yonggang", "Wu, Jinhu"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449224", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the December 2019 discovery of several cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, the infection has spread worldwide. Our aim is to report on the clinical characteristics, treatments and prognoses of COVID-19. This was a retrospective, single-centre, case series of 136 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 at Wuhan Third Hospital in Wuhan, China, between 28 January 2020 and 12 February 2020. The clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, treatment features and prognoses were summarized. The 136 patients were divided into a moderate (M) group (n\u00a0=\u00a0103, 75.7%) and a severe and critical (SC) group (n\u00a0=\u00a033, 24.3%). There were significant differences in the incidences of concomitant chronic medical illnesses (eg, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease), fever, dry cough and dyspnoea among the two groups (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05). Compared with those in the M group, lymphocyte count (LYM) decreased significantly in the SC group, while the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), creatinine (Cre), D-dimer, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), myoglobin (MB) and troponin I (cTnl) increased significantly in the SC group (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05). The main therapeutic drugs were antivirals, antibiotics, glucocorticoids, immunomodulators, traditional Chinese medicine preparations and symptomatic support drugs. There were significant differences in the incidences of shock, myocardial injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and renal injury among the two groups (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05). Among the 136 patients, 99 (72.7%) were cured, 14 (10.3%) were transferred to other hospital and 23 (16.9%) died. Elderly patients with chronic diseases are more likely to develop severe or critical COVID-19 with multiple organ damage or systemic injuries. The improvement of LYM and CRP may be associated with the prognoses of COVID-19. The combined use of three or more antiviral drugs is to be avoided. The combination of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs is not recommended and the risk of drug-induced liver injury should be monitored. Throughout a patient's hospitalization, their treatment plan should be evaluated and adjusted according to their vital signs, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging changes. Patients should receive effective psychological counselling."}, {"pmid": 32519997, "pmcid": "PMC7269921", "title": "Coping with COVID-19 - The life changing pandemic.", "journal": "J World Fed Orthod", "authors": ["Krishnan, Vinod"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519997", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456506, "title": "Hemostatic laboratory derangements in COVID-19 with a focus on platelet count.", "journal": "Platelets", "authors": ["Amgalan, Ariunzaya", "Othman, Maha"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456506", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) which rapidly evolved from an outbreak in Wuhan, China into a pandemic that has resulted in over millions of infections and over hundreds of thousands of mortalities worldwide. Various coagulopathies have been reported in association with COVID-19, including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC), local microthrombi, venous thromboembolism (VTE), arterial thrombotic complications, and thrombo-inflammation. There is a plethora of publications and conflicting data on hematological and hemostatic derangements in COVID-19 with some data suggesting the link to disease progress, severity and/or mortality. There is also growing evidence of potentially useful clinical biomarkers to predict COVID-19 progression and disease outcomes. Of those, a link between thrombocytopenia and COVID-19 severity or mortality was suggested. In this opinion report, we examine the published evidence of hematological and hemostatic laboratory derangements in COVID-19 and the interrelated SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammation, with a focussed discussion on platelet count alterations. We explore whether thrombocytopenia could be a potential disease biomarker and we provide recommendations for future studies in this regard."}, {"pmid": 32122469, "pmcid": "PMC7133618", "title": "Anti-Chinese sentiment during the 2019-nCoV outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chung, Roger Yat-Nork", "Li, Minnie Ming"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122469", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518920, "pmcid": "PMC7270824", "title": "Caution and clarity required in the use of chloroquine for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Wong, Yin Kwan", "Yang, Jing", "He, Yingke"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518920", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352919, "title": "Imaging and COVID-19.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Yasri, Sora", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352919", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353893, "pmcid": "PMC7267157", "title": "Peer mentoring for medical students during COVID-19 pandemic via a social media platform.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Rastegar Kazerooni, AmirAli", "Amini, Mitra", "Tabari, Parinaz", "Moosavi, Mahsa"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353893", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In many contexts, medical students collaborate with health care workers to deliver patient management and care in emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. In others, medical students are experiencing an unintended pause in their education due to global university closure over COVID-19 concerns. In either situation, students find themselves coping with mental and emotional issues, including stress, anxiety, and fear, that may require significant psychological and physical effort. Therefore, it is important that medical schools not only care about students' mental health but also implement strategies to support their understanding of crisis management, self-mental care, and other principal measures in order to strengthen their coping skills and mental preparedness."}, {"pmid": 32292842, "pmcid": "PMC7118660", "title": "Breast radiotherapy under COVID-19 pandemic resource constraints -- approaches to defer or shorten treatment from a Comprehensive Cancer Center in the United States.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Braunstein, Lior Z", "Gillespie, Erin F", "Hong, Linda", "Xu, Amy", "Bakhoum, Samuel F", "Cuaron, John", "Mueller, Boris", "McCormick, Beryl", "Cahlon, Oren", "Powell, Simon", "Khan, Atif J"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292842", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Breast radiotherapy accounts for a significant proportion of patient volume in contemporary radiation oncology practice. In the setting of anticipated resource constraints and widespread community infection with SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic, measures for balancing both infectious and oncologic risk among patients and providers must be carefully considered. Here, we present evidence-based guidelines for omitting or abbreviating breast cancer radiotherapy, where appropriate, in an effort to mitigate risk to patients and optimize resource utilization. Multidisciplinary breast cancer experts at a high-volume comprehensive cancer center convened contingency planning meetings over the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic to review the relevant literature and establish recommendations for the application of hypofractionated and abbreviated breast radiation regimens. Substantial evidence exists to support omitting radiation among certain favorable risk subgroups of breast cancer patients and for abbreviating or accelerating regimens among others. For those who require either whole-breast or post-mastectomy radiation, with or without coverage of the regional lymph nodes, a growing body of literature supports various hypofractionated approaches that appear safe and effective. In the setting of a public health emergency with the potential to strain critical healthcare resources and place patients at infection risk, the parsimonious application of breast radiotherapy may alleviate a significant clinical burden without compromising long term oncologic outcomes. The judicious and personalized use of immature study data may be warranted in the setting of a competing mortality risk from this widespread pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32405134, "pmcid": "PMC7218399", "title": "[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection. What do we know so far?]", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Goncalves, Juan Marco Figueira", "Golpe, Rafael", "Garcia-Talavera, Ignacio"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405134", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335244, "pmcid": "PMC7177110", "title": "An Invited Commentary on 'Evidence Based Management Guideline for the COVID-19 pandemic- Review article'.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Atogebania, Julius Wedam", "Chen, Hualei"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335244", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID 19 been declared recently as a pandemic, to date has affected over 1,8881,365 with over 119,403 deaths in accordance to the global pandemic Real-Time Report. In this paper, the prime motive is to enlighten the key variables to the public on the pandemic and essential key points to note and practice in accordance to standard regulation to curb the aggressive COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32379892, "pmcid": "PMC7239219", "title": "Cardiology after COVID-19: Quo Vademus?", "journal": "Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes", "authors": ["Cannata, Antonio", "Bromage, Daniel I", "McDonagh, Theresa"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379892", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403033, "pmcid": "PMC7198395", "title": "Targeting raised von Willebrand factor levels and macrophage activation in severe COVID-19: Consider low volume plasma exchange and low dose steroid.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Zachariah, U", "Nair, S C", "Goel, A", "Balasubramanian, K A", "Mackie, I", "Elias, E", "Eapen, C E"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403033", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450927, "title": "COVID-19: Stroke Admissions, Emergency Department Visits, and Prevention Clinic Referrals.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Bres Bullrich, Maria", "Fridman, Sebastian", "Mandzia, Jennifer L", "Mai, Lauren M", "Khaw, Alexander", "Vargas Gonzalez, Juan Camilo", "Bagur, Rodrigo", "Sposato, Luciano A"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450927", "countries": ["Canada", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic on code stroke activations in the ED, stroke unit admissions, and referrals to the stroke prevention clinic at London's regional stroke center, serving a population of 1.8 million in Ontario, Canada. We found a 20% drop in the number of code strokes in 2020 compared to 2019, immediately after the first cases of COVID-19 were officially confirmed. There were no changes in the number of stroke admissions and there was a 22% decrease in the number of clinic referrals, only after the provincial lockdown. Our findings suggest that the decrease in code strokes was mainly driven by patient-related factors such as fear to be exposed to the SARS-CoV-2, while the reduction in clinic referrals was largely explained by hospital policies and the Government lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32269597, "pmcid": "PMC7134578", "title": "Upheaval in cancer care during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Ecancermedicalscience", "authors": ["Salako, Omolola", "Okunade, Kehinde", "Allsop, Matthew", "Habeebu, Muhammedu", "Toye, Mariam", "Oluyede, Glory", "Fagbenro, Gabriel", "Salako, Babatunde"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269597", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On Monday, 23 March 2020, Nigeria recorded its first mortality from the novel global COVID-19 outbreak. Before this, the country reported 36 confirmed cases (at the time of writing) and has discharged home two cases after weeks of care at a government-approved isolation centre in Lagos State. This first mortality was that of a 67-year-old man with a history of multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer. He was undergoing chemotherapy and had just returned to Nigeria following medical treatment in the United Kingdom. The novel COVID-19 pandemic has grounded several global activities including the provision of health care services to people with chronic conditions such as cancer. Evidence from China suggests that cancer patients with COVID-19 infection are a vulnerable group, with a higher risk of severe illness resulting in intensive care unit admissions or death, particularly if they received chemotherapy or surgery. This letter is an attempt to suggest practicable interventions such as the use of existing digital health platforms to limit patients' and oncology professionals' physical interactions as a way of reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection transmission amongst cancer patients and oncologists, as well as outlining effective strategies to ensure that cancer care is not completely disrupted during the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32334160, "pmcid": "PMC7194548", "title": "Effect of weather on COVID-19 spread in the US: A prediction model for India in 2020.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Gupta, Sonal", "Raghuwanshi, Gourav Singh", "Chanda, Arnab"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334160", "countries": ["United States", "India"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effect of weather on COVID-19 spread is poorly understood. Recently, few studies have claimed that warm weather can possibly slowdown the global pandemic, which has already affected over 1.6 million people worldwide. Clarification of such relationships in the worst affected country, the US, can be immensely beneficial to understand the role of weather in transmission of the disease in the highly populated countries, such as India. We collected the daily data of new cases in 50 US states between Jan 1-Apr 9, 2020 and also the corresponding weather information (i.e., temperature (T) and absolute humidity (AH)). Distribution modeling of new cases across AH and T, helped identify the narrow and vulnerable AH range. We validated the results for 10-day intervals against monthly observations, and also worldwide trends. The results were used to predict Indian regions which would be vulnerable to weather based spread in upcoming months of 2020. COVID-19 spread in the US is significant for states with 4\u00a0<\u00a0AH\u00a0<\u00a06\u00a0g/m3 and number of new cases\u00a0>\u00a010,000, irrespective of the chosen time intervals for study parameters. These trends are consistent with worldwide observations, but do not correlate well with India so far possibly due the total cases reported per interval\u00a0<\u00a010,000. The results clarify the relationship between weather parameters and COVID-19 spread. The vulnerable weather parameters will help classify the risky geographic areas in different countries. Specifically, with further reporting of new cases in India, prediction of states with high risk of weather based spread will be apparent."}, {"pmid": 32463718, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and Research Funding: Do No Harm.", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Christopher, George W"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463718", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510880, "title": "Staff Morale and Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Yahya, Ahmed Saeed", "Khawaja, Shakil", "Chukwuma, Jude"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510880", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315792, "pmcid": "PMC7166008", "title": "Acute At Home Management of Anaphylaxis During the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Casale, Thomas B", "Wang, Julie", "Nowak-Wegrzyn, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426387, "pmcid": "PMC7227517", "title": "Artificial intelligence approach fighting COVID-19 with repurposing drugs.", "journal": "Biomed J", "authors": ["Ke, Yi-Yu", "Peng, Tzu-Ting", "Yeh, Teng-Kuang", "Huang, Wen-Zheng", "Chang, Shao-En", "Wu, Szu-Huei", "Hung, Hui-Chen", "Hsu, Tsu-An", "Lee, Shiow-Ju", "Song, Jeng-Shin", "Lin, Wen-Hsing", "Chiang, Tung-Jung", "Lin, Jiunn-Horng", "Sytwu, Huey-Kang", "Chen, Chiung-Tong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426387", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 193,825 deaths during the past few months. A quick-to-be-identified cure for the disease will be a therapeutic medicine that has prior use experiences in patients in order to resolve the current pandemic situation before it could become worsening. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is hereby applied to identify the marketed drugs with potential for treating COVID-19. An AI platform was established to identify potential old drugs with anti-coronavirus activities by using two different learning databases; one consisted of the compounds reported or proven active against SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, human immunodeficiency virus, influenza virus, and the other one containing the known 3C-like protease inhibitors. All AI predicted drugs were then tested for activities against a feline coronavirus in in\u00a0vitro cell-based assay. These assay results were feedbacks to the AI system for relearning and thus to generate a modified AI model to search for old drugs again. After a few runs of AI learning and prediction processes, the AI system identified 80 marketed drugs with potential. Among them, 8 drugs (bedaquiline, brequinar, celecoxib, clofazimine, conivaptan, gemcitabine, tolcapone, and vismodegib) showed in\u00a0vitro activities against the proliferation of a feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus in Fcwf-4\u00a0cells. In addition, 5 other drugs (boceprevir, chloroquine, homoharringtonine, tilorone, and salinomycin) were also found active during the exercises of AI approaches. Having taken advantages of AI, we identified old drugs with activities against FIP coronavirus. Further studies are underway to demonstrate their activities against SARS-CoV-2 in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo at clinically achievable concentrations and doses. With prior use experiences in patients, these old drugs if proven active against SARS-CoV-2 can readily be applied for fighting COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32444482, "title": "Efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma for severe COVID-19 based on evidence in other severe respiratory viral infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Devasenapathy, Niveditha", "Ye, Zhikang", "Loeb, Mark", "Fang, Fang", "Najafabadi, Borna Tadayon", "Xiao, Yingqi", "Couban, Rachel", "Begin, Philippe", "Guyatt, Gordon"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444482", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain uncertain. To support a guideline on COVID-19 management, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 and other severe respiratory viral infections. In March 2020, we searched international and Chinese biomedical literature databases, clinical trial registries and prepublication sources for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies comparing patients receiving and not receiving convalescent plasma. We included patients with acute coronavirus, influenza and Ebola virus infections. We conducted a meta-analysis using random-effects models and assessed the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Of 1099 unique records, 6 studies were eligible, and none of these included patients with COVID-19. One nonrandomized study (n = 40) on convalescent plasma in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) provided uninformative results regarding mortality (relative risk [RR] 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] CI 0.01 to 1.70). Pooled estimates from 4 RCTs on influenza (n = 572) showed no convincing effects on deaths (4 RCTs, RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.81), complete recovery (2 RCTs, odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.64) or length of stay (3 RCTs, mean difference -1.62, 95% CI -3.82 to 0.58, d). The quality of evidence was very low for all efficacy outcomes. Convalescent plasma caused few or no serious adverse events in influenza RCTs (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.29, low-quality evidence). Studies of non- COVID-19 severe respiratory viral infections provide indirect, very low-quality evidence that raises the possibility that convalescent plasma has minimal or no benefit in the treatment of COVID-19 and low-quality evidence that it does not cause serious adverse events."}, {"pmid": 32472517, "pmcid": "PMC7257356", "title": "So far so close: an insight into smart working and telehealth reorganization of a Language and Learning Disorders Service in Milan during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Sarti, Daniela", "De Salvatore, Marinella", "Gazzola, Stefania", "Pantaleoni, Chiara", "Granocchio, Elisa"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472517", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502468, "pmcid": "PMC7266571", "title": "Global mental health and COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kola, Lola"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502468", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32077441, "pmcid": "PMC7118333", "title": "[Clinical Management of Lung Cancer Patients during the Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, Yan", "Liu, Hongsheng", "Hu, Ke", "Wang, Mengzhao"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077441", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since late December 2019, an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China has spread quickly nationwide. With the spread of COVID-19, the routine clinical diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer patients has been disturbed. Due to the systemic immunosuppressive of lung cancer patients caused by the malignancy and anticancer treatments, lung cancer patients are more susceptible to infection than healthy individuals. Furthermore, patients with cancer had poorer prognosis from infection. Lung cancer patients should be the priority group for COVID-19 prevention. The protection provisions and control measures aiming to protect lung cancer patients from COVID-19 have been increasingly concerned. During the COVID-19 outbreak period, it should be carefully differentiated for fever and respiratory symptoms for lung cancer patients receiving anti-tumor treatment, in order to evaluate the risk of COVID-19. Moreover, it is necessary to carry out meticulous and individualized clinical management for lung cancer patients to effectively protect the patients from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32435832, "pmcid": "PMC7239503", "title": "Interventional Radiology Preparedness in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is there a Gold Standard?", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Tan, Bien-Soo", "Tay, Kiang-Hiong"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435832", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32210376, "title": "How to help the free market fight coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Burley, Stephen K"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210376", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426062, "pmcid": "PMC7227592", "title": "Impact of complete lockdown on total infection and death rates: A hierarchical cluster analysis.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ghosal, Samit", "Bhattacharyya, Rahul", "Majumder, Milan"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426062", "countries": ["Italy", "Sweden", "France", "Malaysia", "Korea, Republic of", "India", "Germany", "Austria", "Spain", "United Kingdom", "New Zealand", "Poland", "Belgium", "Hungary"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Retarding the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection by preventive strategies is the first line of management. Several countries have declared a stringent lockdown in order to enforce social distancing and prevent the spread of infection. This analysis was conducted in an attempt to understand the impact of lockdown on infection and death rates over a period of time in countries with declared lock-down. A validated database was used to generate data related to countries with declared lockdown. Simple regression analysis was conducted to assess the rate of change in infection and death rates. Subsequently, a k-means and hierarchical cluster analysis was done to identify the countries that performed similarly. Sweden and South Korea were included as counties without lockdown in a second-phase cluster analysis. There was a significant 61% and 43% reduction in infection rates 1-week post lockdown in the overall and India cohorts, respectively, supporting its effectiveness. Countries with higher baseline infections and deaths (Spain, Germany, Italy, UK, and France-cluster 1) fared poorly compared to those who declared lockdown early on (Belgium, Austria, New Zealand, India, Hungary, Poland and Malaysia-cluster 2). Sweden and South Korea, countries without lock-down, fared as good as the countries in cluster 2. Lockdown has proven to be an effective strategy is slowing down the SARS-CoV-2 disease progression (infection rate and death) exponentially. The success story of non-lock-down countries (Sweden and South Korea) need to be explored in detail, to identify the variables responsible for the positive results."}, {"pmid": 32520742, "title": "Telemedicine for Surgical Consultations-- Pandemic Response or Here to Stay?: A Report of Public Perceptions.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Sorensen, Meredith J", "Bessen, Sarah", "Danford, Julia", "Fleischer, Christina", "Wong, Sandra L"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520742", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to determine the public's perception of telemedicine surgical consultations, during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. With rapid expansion and uptake of telemedicine during the pandemic, many have posited that virtual visits will endure even as in-person visits are reinstated. The public's perception of telemedicine for an initial surgical consultation has not been previously studied. A 43-question survey assessed respondents' attitudes toward telemedicine for initial consultations with surgeons, both in the context of COVID-19 and during \"normal circumstances.\" Participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk, an online crowd-sourcing marketplace. Based on 1827 analyzable responses, we found that a majority (86%) of respondents reported being satisfied (either extremely or somewhat) with telemedicine encounters. Interestingly, preference for in-person versus virtual surgical consultation reflected access to care, with preference for telemedicine decreasing from 72% to 33% when COVID-related social distancing ends. Preferences for virtual visits decreased with increasing complexity of the surgical intervention, even during the pandemic. A majority felt that \"establishing trust and comfort\" was best accomplished in person, and the vast majority felt it was important to meet their surgeons prior to the day of surgery. The public views telemedicine as an acceptable substitute for in-person visits, especially during the pandemic. However, it appears that an in-person interaction is still preferred when possible for surgical consultations. If telemedicine services are to persist beyond social distancing, further exploration of its impact on the patient-surgeon relationship will be needed."}, {"pmid": 32475608, "pmcid": "PMC7158803", "title": "Novel coronavirus (2019-nCov): do you have enough intensive care units?", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Melegari, G", "Giuliani, E", "Maini, G", "Barbieri, L", "Baffoni, P", "Bertellini, E", "Barbieri, A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475608", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389144, "pmcid": "PMC7235310", "title": "Public Health Communication in Time of Crisis: Readability of On-Line COVID-19 Information.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Basch, Corey H", "Mohlman, Jan", "Hillyer, Grace C", "Garcia, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389144", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to assess the readability of information on the Internet posted about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to determine how closely these materials are written to the recommended reading levels. Using the search term \"coronavirus,\" information posted on the first 100 English language websites was identified. Using an online readability calculator, multiple readability tests were conducted to ensure a comprehensive representation would result. The mean readability scores ranged between grade levels 6.2 and 17.8 (graduate school level). Four of the 5 measures (GFI, CLI, SMOG, FRE) found that readability exceeded the 10th grade reading level indicating that the text of these websites would be difficult for the average American to read. The mean reading level for nearly all noncommercial and commercial websites was at or above the 10th grade reading level. Messages about COVID-19 must be readable at an \"easy\" level, and must contain clear guidelines for behavior. The degree to which individuals seek information in response to risk messages is positively related to the expectation that the information will resolve uncertainty. However, if the information is too complex to interpret and it fails to lead to disambiguation, this can contribute to feelings of panic."}, {"pmid": 32406317, "title": "Potential anti-viral activity of approved repurposed drug against main protease of SARS-CoV-2: an in silico based approach.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Mahanta, Saurov", "Chowdhury, Purvita", "Gogoi, Neelutpal", "Goswami, Nabajyoti", "Borah, Debajit", "Kumar, Rupesh", "Chetia, Dipak", "Borah, Probodh", "Buragohain, Alak K", "Gogoi, Bhaskarjyoti"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406317", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was first reported in Wuhan province of China, has become a deadly pandemic causing alarmingly high morbidity and mortality. In the absence of new targeted drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 at present, the choices for effective treatments are limited. Therefore, considering the exigency of the situation, we focused on identifying the available approved drugs as potential inhibitor against the promising Coronavirus drug target, the Main Protease, using computer-aided methods. We created a library of U. S. Food and Drug Administration approved anti-microbial drugs and virtually screened it against the available crystal structures of Main Protease of the virus. The study revealed that Viomycin showed the highest -CDocker energy after docking at the active site of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. It is noteworthy that Viomycin showed higher -CDocker energy as compared to the drugs currently under clinical trial for SARS-CoV-2 treatment viz. Ritonavir and Lopinavir. Additionally, Viomycin formed higher number of H-bonds with SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease than its co-crystallised inhibitor compound N3. Molecular dynamics simulation further showed that Viomycin embedded deeply inside the binding pocket and formed robust binding with SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. Therefore, we propose that Viomycin may act as a potential inhibitor of the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2. Further optimisations with the drug may support the much-needed rapid response to mitigate the pandemic.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32453693, "title": "Rebuttal to letter \"Is thromboprophylaxis with high-dose enoxaparin really necessary for COVID-19 patients? A new \"prudent\" randomised clinical trial\".", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Marietta, Marco", "Tripodi, Armando"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453693", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31987001, "pmcid": "PMC7067204", "title": "Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Kok, Kin-Hang", "Zhu, Zheng", "Chu, Hin", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Yuan, Shuofeng", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-01-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31987001", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A mysterious outbreak of atypical pneumonia in late 2019 was traced to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan of China. Within a few weeks, a novel coronavirus tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was announced by the World Health Organization. We performed bioinformatics analysis on a virus genome from a patient with 2019-nCoV infection and compared it with other related coronavirus genomes. Overall, the genome of 2019-nCoV has 89% nucleotide identity with bat SARS-like-CoVZXC21 and 82% with that of human SARS-CoV. The phylogenetic trees of their orf1a/b, Spike, Envelope, Membrane and Nucleoprotein also clustered closely with those of the bat, civet and human SARS coronaviruses. However, the external subdomain of Spike's receptor binding domain of 2019-nCoV shares only 40% amino acid identity with other SARS-related coronaviruses. Remarkably, its orf3b encodes a completely novel short protein. Furthermore, its new orf8 likely encodes a secreted protein with an alpha-helix, following with a beta-sheet(s) containing six strands. Learning from the roles of civet in SARS and camel in MERS, hunting for the animal source of 2019-nCoV and its more ancestral virus would be important for understanding the origin and evolution of this novel lineage B betacoronavirus. These findings provide the basis for starting further studies on the pathogenesis, and optimizing the design of diagnostic, antiviral and vaccination strategies for this emerging infection."}, {"pmid": 32404674, "pmcid": "PMC7268856", "title": "Operationalizing the Operating Room: Ensuring Appropriate Surgical Care in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Wick, Elizabeth C", "Pierce, Logan", "Conte, Michael C", "Sosa, Julie Ann"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404674", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378722, "pmcid": "PMC7239266", "title": "Making the best use of test kits for COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Weinberg, Clarice R"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378722", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408808, "pmcid": "PMC7231903", "title": "Data Quality of Chinese Surveillance of COVID-19: Objective Analysis Based on WHO's Situation Reports.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Idrovo, Alvaro Javier", "Manrique-Hernandez, Edgar Fabian"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408808", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Was there quality in the Chinese epidemiological surveillance system during the COVID-19 pandemic? Using data of World Health Organization's situation reports (until situation report 55), an objective analysis was realized to answer this important question. Fulfillment of Benford's law (first digit law) is a rapid tool to suggest good data quality. Results suggest that China had an acceptable quality in its epidemiological surveillance system. Furthermore, more detailed and complete analyses could complement the evaluation of the Chinese surveillance system."}, {"pmid": 32516625, "title": "Wastewater as a red flag in COVID-19 spread.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Lapolla, Pierfrancesco", "Lee, Regent", "Mingoli, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516625", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299940, "title": "Protect Indigenous peoples from COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Ferrante, Lucas", "Fearnside, Philip M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299940", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209549, "title": "Covid-19: trials of four potential treatments to generate \"robust data\" of what works.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sayburn, Anna"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209549", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378459, "title": "Application of nanomaterials in treatment, anti-infection and detection of coronaviruses.", "journal": "Nanomedicine (Lond)", "authors": ["Nikaeen, Ghazal", "Abbaszadeh, Sepideh", "Yousefinejad, Saeed"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378459", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nanotechnology and nanomedicine have excellent potential in dealing with a range of different health problems, including viruses, which are considered to be a serious challenge in the medical field. Application of nanobiotechnology could represent a new avenue for the treatment or disinfection of viruses. There is increasing concern regarding the control of coronaviruses, among these, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 are well known and dangerous examples. This article aims to provide an overview of recent studies on the effectiveness of nanoparticles as diagnostic or antiviral tools against coronaviruses. The possibilities of effectively using nanomaterials as vaccines and nanosensors in this field are also presented."}, {"pmid": 32493443, "pmcid": "PMC7267761", "title": "Shift in indications for radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic? A review of organ-specific cancer management recommendations from multidisciplinary and surgical expert groups.", "journal": "Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Vordermark, Dirk"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493443", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine, if a shift in indications for radiotherapy is to be expected in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the database Pubmed was searched for multidisciplinary or surgical expert recommendations on the role of radiotherapy in modified treatment concepts. Increased use of radiotherapy or chemoradiation instead of surgical treatment was recommended for defined patient groups with head-and-neck cancer, lung cancer, cervix cancer, esophageal cancer and prostate cancer. Omission of radiotherapy was considered in elderly patients with low-risk breast cancer and in early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. Only adjustments to the timing of radiotherapy were discussed for sarcoma and rectal cancer. Emerging recommendations on multidisciplinary cancer treatment concepts during the COVID-19 pandemic indicate a shift in radiotherapy indications and a potentially increased demand for radiotherapy."}, {"pmid": 32353297, "pmcid": "PMC7185937", "title": "Decolonising COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["The Lancet Global Health"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353297", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506453, "title": "Surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic: clinical characteristics and outcomes.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Mi, B", "Chen, L", "Panayi, A C", "Xiong, Y", "Liu, G"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506453", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412679, "pmcid": "PMC7261984", "title": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and neurodegenerative disorders.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Singh, Anurag Kumar", "Bhushan, Bharat", "Maurya, Anand", "Mishra, Gaurav", "Singh, Santosh Kumar", "Awasthi, Rajendra"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412679", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the last few months, the whole humanity is experiencing largest and most severe sudden influx of COVID-19 outbreak caused by the novel coronavirus (CoV) originated from Wuhan, China. According to the WHO reports, total 3\u2009862\u2009676 positive cases and 265\u2009961 deaths have been recorded worldwide due to COVID-19 infection as of May 9, 2020. CoVs are a large family of viruses (enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses), which includes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV). New SARS CoV2 is the members of Betacoronavirus genus. These viruses cause infections in bats, camels and humans, and a few other associated species. Despite many neurologic complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is still unclear whether these symptoms results from direct neural injury or due to some other reason. Currently, it appears that most of the neurological symptoms of COVID-19 are nonspecific and secondary to the systemic illness. A single case of acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy has been reported. SARS-CoV-2 associated Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome is an atypical case. Till today, no convincing evidence is available to confirm that the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly affects nerves system in humans. However, postinfection surveillance will be necessary to identify the possible post-COVID-19 neurologic syndromes."}, {"pmid": 32369476, "title": "[Digestive symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Rev Gastroenterol Peru", "authors": ["Cortes, Manuel E"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369476", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473263, "pmcid": "PMC7251356", "title": "Prevention is life- and cost-saving.", "journal": "Prev Med", "authors": ["Baussano, Iacopo", "Sankaranarayanan, Rengaswamy", "Weiderpass, Elisabete"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473263", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438951, "title": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: Now is the time to refresh pandemic plans.", "journal": "J Bus Contin Emer Plan", "authors": ["Koonin, Lisa M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438951", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article outlines practical steps that businesses can take now to prepare for a pandemic. Given the current growing spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world, it is imperative that businesses review their pandemic plans and be prepared in case this epidemic expands and affects more people and communities. Preparing for a potential infectious disease pandemic from influenza or a novel corona virus is an essential component of a business continuity plan, especially for businesses that provide critical healthcare and infrastructure services. Although many businesses and organisations have a pandemic plan or address pandemic preparedness in their business continuity plans, few have recently tested and updated their plans. Pandemics can not only interrupt an organisation's operations and compromise long-term viability of an enterprise, but also disrupt the provision of critical functions. Businesses that regularly test and update their pandemic plan can significantly reduce harmful impacts to the business, play a key role in protecting employees' and customers' health and safety, and limit the negative impact of a pandemic on the community and economy."}, {"pmid": 32312646, "pmcid": "PMC7165238", "title": "Physiotherapy management for COVID-19 in the acute hospital setting: clinical practice recommendations.", "journal": "J Physiother", "authors": ["Thomas, Peter", "Baldwin, Claire", "Bissett, Bernie", "Boden, Ianthe", "Gosselink, Rik", "Granger, Catherine L", "Hodgson, Carol", "Jones, Alice Ym", "Kho, Michelle E", "Moses, Rachael", "Ntoumenopoulos, George", "Parry, Selina M", "Patman, Shane", "van der Lee, Lisa"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312646", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This document outlines recommendations for physiotherapy management for COVID-19 in the acute hospital setting. It includes: recommendations for physiotherapy workforce planning and preparation; a screening tool for determining requirement for physiotherapy; and recommendations for the selection of physiotherapy treatments and personal protective equipment. It is intended for use by physiotherapists and other relevant stakeholders in the acute care setting caring for adult patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32328363, "pmcid": "PMC7170020", "title": "The Unaddressed Behavioral Health Aspect During the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Onyeaka, Henry K", "Zahid, Shaheer", "Patel, Rikinkumar S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328363", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia has been declared a pandemic, citing more than 118,000 cases of the coronavirus illness in more than 110 countries and territories around the world. Public health emergencies have been demonstrated to have an impact on the behavioral health of the affected population as they may experience fear, anxiety, anger and post-traumatic stress disorder as consequences of their experiences. These effects may persist among affected individuals long after the outbreak has been controlled. To date, data on the behavioral distress and psychiatric morbidity of those suspected or diagnosed with the 2019-nCoV and their treating health professionals are lacking. Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has outlined some behavioral health guide for affected individuals, how best to respond to psychological challenges during the crisis is not known. There is an urgent need to provide robust and timely psychosocial support in the face of such an outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32326274, "pmcid": "PMC7215665", "title": "Visiting Policies of Hospice Wards during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Environmental Scan in Taiwan.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Hsu, Ya-Chuan", "Liu, Ya-An", "Lin, Ming-Hwai", "Lee, Hsiao-Wen", "Chen, Tzeng-Ji", "Chou, Li-Fang", "Hwang, Shinn-Jang"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326274", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During an epidemic, almost all healthcare facilities restrict the visiting of patients to prevent disease transmission. For hospices with terminally ill patients, the trade-off between compassion and infection control becomes a difficult decision. This study aimed to survey the changes in visiting policy for all 76 hospice wards in Taiwan during the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. The altered visiting policies were assessed by the number of visitors per patient allowed at one time, the daily number of visiting slots, the number of hours open daily, and requisites for hospice ward entry. The differences in visiting policies between hospice wards and ordinary wards were also investigated. Data were collected by reviewing the official website of each hospital and were supplemented by phone calls in cases where no information was posted on the website. One quarter (n = 20) of hospice wards had different visiting policies to those of ordinary wards in the same hospital. Only one hospice ward operated an open policy, and in contrast, nine (11.8%) stopped visits entirely. Among the 67 hospice wards that allowed visiting, at most, two visitors at one time per patient were allowed in 46 (68.6%), one visiting time daily was allowed in 32 (47.8%), one hour of visiting per day was allowed in 29 (43.3%), and checking of identity and travel history was carried out in 12 wards (17.9%). During the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly all hospice wards in Taiwan changed their visiting policies, but the degree of restriction varied. Further studies could measure the impacts of visiting policy changes on patients and healthcare professionals."}, {"pmid": 32343049, "pmcid": "PMC7267246", "title": "Chronic cutaneous ulcers management in dermatologic department during COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Int Wound J", "authors": ["Zagaria, Orlando", "Ruggiero, Angelo", "Cinelli, Eleonora", "Marasca, Claudio", "Monfrecola, Ambra", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343049", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473875, "pmcid": "PMC7245650", "title": "Intellectual and developmental disability and COVID-19 case-fatality trends: TriNetX analysis.", "journal": "Disabil Health J", "authors": ["Turk, Margaret A", "Landes, Scott D", "Formica, Margaret K", "Goss, Katherine D"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473875", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite possibly higher risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19 among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), there has been limited reporting of COVID-19 trends for this population. To compare COVID-19 trends among people with and without IDD, overall and stratified by age. Data from the TriNetX COVID-19 Research Network platform was used to identify COVID-19 patients. Analysis focused on trends in comorbidities, number of cases, number of deaths, and case-fatality rate among patients with and without IDD who had a positive diagnosis for COVID-19 through May 14, 2020. People with IDD had higher prevalence of specific comorbidities associated with poorer COVID-19 outcomes. Distinct age-related differences in COVID-19 trends were present among those with IDD, with a higher concentration of COVID-19 cases at younger ages. In addition, while the overall case-fatality rate was similar for those with IDD (5.1%) and without IDD (5.4%), these rates differed by age: ages \u226417 - IDD 1.6%, without IDD <0.01%; ages 18-74 - IDD 4.5%, without IDD 2.7%; ages \u226575- IDD 21.1%, without IDD, 20.7%. Though of concern for all individuals, COVID-19 appears to present a greater risk to people with IDD, especially at younger ages. Future research should seek to document COVID-19 trends among people with IDD, with particular attention to age related trends."}, {"pmid": 32297490, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: what consequences for cardiac rehabilitation?", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Vigorito, Carlo", "Faggiano, Pompilio", "Mureddu, Gian Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic spreading all around the world has stressed over its capabilities and determined profound changes in the health systems in all countries and has caused hundreds of thousand deaths. Health professionals have been called to a tremendous effort to deal with this emergency, often contaminating or succumbing themselves to the disease."}, {"pmid": 32352480, "title": "Mental Health in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Emergency-The Italian Response.", "journal": "JAMA Psychiatry", "authors": ["de Girolamo, Giovanni", "Cerveri, Giancarlo", "Clerici, Massimo", "Monzani, Emiliano", "Spinogatti, Franco", "Starace, Fabrizio", "Tura, Giambattista", "Vita, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352480", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article briefly reports the experience of mental health services and the lessons learned during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. In particular, this report offers opportunities to build on experience gained in managing the COVID-19 emergency in the Departments of Mental Health and Addiction (DMHAs) in Lombardy, the wealthiest Italian region, which has approximately 10 million inhabitants. Italy has a National Mental Health System divided into 134 DMHAs, 27 of which are in Lombardy. In the 4 weeks after the epidemic started, important changes occurred in the management of DMHAs in Lombardy. Many challenges have occurred in the management of health services. In many hospitals, entire wards, including some psychiatric wards, have been reorganized to admit patients with COVID-19, and many physicians and nurses have been diverted to wards managing patients with COVID-19. Most day facilities for patients with psychiatric needs have been temporarily closed, whereas in residential facilities, patients who usually are free to come and go during the day have had to be confined in the facilities with very limited or no leave. These changes have produced considerable stresses on people with severe mental disorders. Many outpatient clinics have limited appointments to those with the most urgent cases, and home visits, a common practice in most DMHAs, have been drastically reduced with potentially detrimental consequences for patients' well-being. Another potential detrimental consequence of being forced to stay at home has been an increase in the hours spent face to face with families with high amounts of conflict. Departments of Mental Health need to be equipped with appropriate e-health technologies and procedures to cope with situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, interventions are needed to mitigate the potentially harmful consequences of quarantine. Departments of Mental Health should be able to assume a leadership position in the psychosocial management of disasterlike situations, and this requires the acquisition of new skills, notably how to correctly inform the population about risk, train and disseminate effective preventive and management procedures for disasters, support health personnel and rescuers, and support those experiencing bereavement."}, {"pmid": 32205140, "pmcid": "PMC7195117", "title": "The progression of computed tomographic (CT) images in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: Running title: The CT progression of COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Lei, Pinggui", "Fan, Bing", "Mao, Jujiang", "Wei, Jiangping", "Wang, Pingxian"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205140", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32244059, "pmcid": "PMC7156157", "title": "SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, and inherited arrhythmia syndromes.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Wu, Cheng-I", "Postema, Pieter G", "Arbelo, Elena", "Behr, Elijah R", "Bezzina, Connie R", "Napolitano, Carlo", "Robyns, Tomas", "Probst, Vincent", "Schulze-Bahr, Eric", "Remme, Carol Ann", "Wilde, Arthur A M"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244059", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ever since the first case was reported at the end of 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus and associated lung disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout the world and has become a pandemic. In particular, the high transmission rate of the virus has made it a threat to public health globally. Currently, there is no proven effective therapy against the virus, and the effect on other diseases is also uncertain, especially inherited arrhythmia syndrome. An arrhythmogenic effect of COVID-19 can be expected, potentially contributing to disease outcome. This may be of importance for patients with an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias, either secondary to acquired conditions or comorbidities or consequent to inherited syndromes. Management of patients with inherited arrhythmia syndromes such as long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, short QT syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic may prove particularly challenging. Depending on the inherited defect involved, these patients may be susceptible to proarrhythmic effects of COVID-19-related issues such as fever, stress, electrolyte disturbances, and use of antiviral drugs. Here, we describe the potential COVID-19-associated risks and therapeutic considerations for patients with distinct inherited arrhythmia syndromes and provide recommendations, pending local possibilities, for their monitoring and management during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32409430, "title": "Transmission and risk factors of OF COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Miller, Ryan", "Englund, Kristin"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409430", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is transmitted through respiratory secretions and saliva. The virus can also live for short periods of time (1 to several hours) on fomites such as doorknobs, handrails, and tables. Aerosolization of the virus can occur during procedures including bronchoscopy, endotracheal intubation, and administration of nebulized treatments. Asymptomatic shedding of the virus does occur and may account for up to 60% of cases. Risk factors for a more severe course of COVID-19 include age 65 and older, living in a nursing home or long term care facility, chronic lung disease, and others."}, {"pmid": 32315733, "pmcid": "PMC7166030", "title": "Elevated Troponin in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: Possible Mechanisms.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Tersalvi, Gregorio", "Vicenzi, Marco", "Calabretta, Davide", "Biasco, Luigi", "Pedrazzini, Giovanni", "Winterton, Dario"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315733", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has affected more than 1.8 million people worldwide, overwhelmed health care systems owing to the high proportion of critical presentations, and resulted in more than 100,000 deaths. Since the first data analyses in China, elevated cardiac troponin has been noted in a substantial proportion of patients, implicating myocardial injury as a possible pathogenic mechanism contributing to severe illness and mortality. Accordingly, high troponin levels are associated with increased mortality in patients with COVID-19. This brief review explores the available evidence regarding the association between COVID-19 and myocardial injury."}, {"pmid": 32442052, "title": "How we make choices and sacrifices in medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Med Teach", "authors": ["Tolsgaard, Martin Gronnebaek", "Cleland, Jennifer", "Wilkinson, Tim", "Ellaway, Rachel H"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442052", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this commentary, we highlight some of the pressing choices and sacrifices we must make in medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32066541, "pmcid": "PMC7159000", "title": "Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Liang, Wenhua", "Guan, Weijie", "Chen, Ruchong", "Wang, Wei", "Li, Jianfu", "Xu, Ke", "Li, Caichen", "Ai, Qing", "Lu, Weixiang", "Liang, Hengrui", "Li, Shiyue", "He, Jianxing"], "date": "2020-02-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32066541", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475747, "pmcid": "PMC7236674", "title": "Urinary Frequency as a Possibly Overlooked Symptom in COVID-19 Patients: Does SARS-CoV-2 Cause Viral Cystitis?", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Mumm, Jan-Niclas", "Osterman, Andreas", "Ruzicka, Michael", "Stihl, Clemens", "Vilsmaier, Theresa", "Munker, Dieter", "Khatamzas, Elham", "Giessen-Jung, Clemens", "Stief, Christian", "Staehler, Michael", "Rodler, Severin"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475747", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a challenge for physicians in triaging patients in emergency rooms. We found a potentially dangerous overlap of classical urinary symptoms and the as yet not fully described symptoms of COVID-19. After a patient was primarily triaged as a urosepsis case and then subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19, we focused on an increase in urinary frequency as a symptom of COVID-19 and identified this in seven males out of 57 patients currently being treated in our COVID-19 wards. In the absence of any other causes, urinary frequency may be secondary to viral cystitis due to underlying COVID-19 disease. We propose consideration of urinary frequency as an anamnestic tool in patients with infective symptoms to increase awareness among urologists during the current COVID-19 pandemic to prevent fatal implications of misinterpreting urological symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32241193, "title": "COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities for dermatology response.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Chawla, Sumir"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241193", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387320, "pmcid": "PMC7202806", "title": "Tocilizumab therapy reduced intensive care unit admissions and/or mortality in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Klopfenstein, T", "Zayet, S", "Lohse, A", "Balblanc, J-C", "Badie, J", "Royer, P-Y", "Toko, L", "Mezher, C", "Kadiane-Oussou, N J", "Bossert, M", "Bozgan, A-M", "Charpentier, A", "Roux, M-F", "Contreras, R", "Mazurier, I", "Dussert, P", "Gendrin, V", "Conrozier, T"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387320", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No therapy has yet proven effective in COVID-19. Tocilizumab (TCZ) in patients with severe COVID-19 could be an effective treatment. We conducted a retrospective case-control study in the Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, France. We compared the outcome of patients treated with TCZ and patients without TCZ considering a combined primary endpoint: death and/or ICU admissions. Patients with TCZ (n=20) had a higher Charlson comorbidity index (5.3 [\u00b12.4] vs 3.4 [\u00b12.6], P=0.014), presented with more severe forms (higher level of oxygen therapy at 13L/min vs 6L/min, P<0.001), and had poorer biological findings (severe lymphopenia: 676/mm3 vs 914/mm3, P=0.037 and higher CRP level: 158mg/L vs 105mg/L, P=0.017) than patients without TCZ (n=25). However, death and/or ICU admissions were higher in patients without TCZ than in the TCZ group (72% vs 25%, P=0.002). Despite the small sample size and retrospective nature of the work, this result strongly suggests that TCZ may reduce the number of ICU admissions and/or mortality in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32342200, "pmcid": "PMC7184945", "title": "A quick evaluation method of nosocomial infection risk for cancer hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Cancer Res Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Tang, Zaixiang", "Sun, Bei", "Xu, Bo"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342200", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nosocomial infections caused by COVID-19 will result in the immediate closure of the infected medical facility due to the highly contagious nature of COVID-19, further worsening medical shortages. We performed a Delphi consulting study to develop a risk model based on the experience of recently resumed activities in many cancer hospitals in China. Similar method had been used in a Chinese cancer hospital and effectively reduced the nosocomial Infection. We believe that the model can quickly identify COVID-19 cluster risks for medical facilities. The evaluation model could also be integrated into the hospital's emergency response system in a timely manner."}, {"pmid": 32449192, "title": "The negative impact of COVID-19 on contraception and sexual and reproductive health: Could immediate postpartum LARCs be the solution?", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Makins, Anita", "Arulkumaran, Sabaratnam"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449192", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has taken much of the world by surprise. With over 4\u00a0700\u00a0000 infections to date across 188 countries and more than 310\u00a0000 deaths worldwide over the course of just 5 months, we were remarkably unprepared.[1] Although the focus has rightly been on the provision of adequate health care for those falling ill from the virus and the search for a cure or vaccine, we must be aware that looming in the background are the usual health issues that millions of people face every day, and that these will not go away during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32374104, "title": "[COVID-19: what does epidemiology tell to decisionmakers?]", "journal": "Epidemiol Prev", "authors": ["Lopalco, Pierluigi"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374104", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533323, "title": "Bilateral carotid artery dissection in a SARS-CoV-2 infected patient: causality or coincidence?", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Morassi, Mauro", "Bigni, Barbara", "Cobelli, Milena", "Giudice, Lodoviga", "Bna, Claudio", "Vogrig, Alberto"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533323", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515382, "title": "Cardiovigilance in COVID 19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Kishor, Kamal", "Marwah, Rishabh", "Anantharaj, Avinash", "Kalra, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515382", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID19 (Corona Virus Disease: pandemic started in 2019) pandemic has created not only a public health problem, but as a clinical challenge as well. To the cardiologist, COVID 19 presents a wide spectrum of possibilities for clinical decision-making intervention and improvement. Cardiac dysfunction has been identified as a risk factor, a prognostic factor, a diagnostic tool, differential diagnosis, a complication of COVID 19, and a side effect of its treatment. Certain cardiotropic drugs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID 19. The risk of transmission of COVID 19 is an occupational hazard which cannot be ignored by cardiologists. This review discusses the need and scope of cardio vigilance in COVID 19 management."}, {"pmid": 32451913, "pmcid": "PMC7246964", "title": "Obesity and COVID-19: ACE 2, the Missing Tile.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Iannelli, Antonio", "Favre, Guillaume", "Frey, Sebastien", "Esnault, Vincent", "Gugenheim, Jean", "Bouam, Samir", "Schiavo, Luigi", "Tran, Albert", "Alifano, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451913", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319670, "title": "Telemedicine in neurosurgery during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Neurol Neurochir Pol", "authors": ["Szmuda, Tomasz", "Ali, Shan", "Sloniewski, Pawel", "Group, NSurg Wl"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319670", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416567, "pmcid": "PMC7212943", "title": "Seizures associated with coronavirus infections.", "journal": "Seizure", "authors": ["Asadi-Pooya, Ali A"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416567", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neurotropic and neuroinvasive capabilities of coronaviruses have been described in humans. Neurological problems found in patients with coronavirus infection include: febrile seizures, convulsions, loss of consciousness, encephalomyelitis, and encephalitis. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV2. In severe cases, patients may develop severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and acute cardiac injury. While seizures and status epilepticus have not been widely reported in the past five months since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, patients with COVID-19 may have hypoxia, multiorgan failure, and severe metabolic and electrolyte disarrangements; hence, it is plausible to expect clinical or subclinical acute symptomatic seizures to happen in these patients. One should be prepared to treat seizures appropriately, if they happen in a patient who is already in a critical medical condition and suffers from organ failure."}, {"pmid": 32501877, "title": "Kinetic patterns of liver enzyme elevation with COVID-19 in the USA.", "journal": "Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Da, Ben L", "Mitchell, Robert A", "Lee, Brian T", "Perumalswami, Ponni", "Im, Gene Y", "Agarwal, Ritu", "Schiano, Thomas D", "Dieterich, Douglas", "Saberi, Behnam"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501877", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a global pandemic that started in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 related liver enzyme elevations have been described however the clinical presentation, enzyme kinetics, and associated laboratory abnormalities of these patients have not been well described. Five cases of COVID-19 associated liver enzyme elevations are reported here. We found that COVID-19 related liver enzyme elevations occurred in a hepatocellular pattern and persisted throughout the initial hospitalization in all patients. Abnormalities in lactate dehydrogenase and ferritin levels were seen in all five cases. In conclusion, abnormalities in aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin levels are commonly seen in COVID-19 related liver injury. Elevated aminotransferase levels often persist throughout the entire hospitalization. However, the clinical course of COVID-19 related liver injury appears benign."}, {"pmid": 32401394, "pmcid": "PMC7272946", "title": "Life in Times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Transfus Med", "authors": ["Roberts, David J"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401394", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302660, "pmcid": "PMC7194669", "title": "COVID-19: Crisis Management in Congenital Heart Surgery.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Stephens, Elizabeth H", "Dearani, Joseph A", "Guleserian, Kristine J", "Overman, David M", "Tweddell, James S", "Backer, Carl L", "Romano, Jennifer C", "Bacha, Emile"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473352, "pmcid": "PMC7251353", "title": "Understanding the B and T cell epitopes of spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2: A computational way to predict the immunogens.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Vashi, Yoya", "Jagrit, Vipin", "Kumar, Sachin"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473352", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has caused a large number of deaths, with thousands of confirmed cases worldwide. The present study followed computational approaches to identify B- and T-cell epitopes for the spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 by its interactions with the human leukocyte antigen alleles. We identified 24 peptide stretches on the SARS-CoV-2\u202fS protein that are well conserved among the reported strains. The S protein structure further validated the presence of predicted peptides on the surface, of which 20 are surface exposed and predicted to have reasonable epitope binding efficiency. The work could be useful for understanding the immunodominant regions in the surface protein of SARS-CoV-2 and could potentially help in designing some peptide-based diagnostics. Also, identified T-cell epitopes might be considered for incorporation in vaccine designs."}, {"pmid": 32418852, "pmcid": "PMC7214284", "title": "The liver injury and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with Coronavirus Disease 19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Wang, Haizhou", "Qiu, Peishan", "Liu, Jing", "Wang, Fan", "Zhao, Qiu"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418852", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, and rapidly spread throughout China. Our study aimed to evaluate the association of liver injury and gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) with the progression of COVID-19. A comprehensive search was performed on the PubMed to identify eligible studies that summarized the liver injury and GIS in COVID-19. A total of 21 studies with 3024 patients were included. Up to 53% patients had liver dysfunctions and the degree of liver damage was associated the severity of the disease. The prevalence of diarrhoea, nausea/vomiting or abdominal pain in patients with COVID-19 were 9.1%, 5.2% and 3.5%, respectively. No significant was found in the prevalence of diarrhoea (OR, 1.24; 95%CI, 0.90 to 1.72; I2=0%, P=0.19) and nausea/vomiting (OR, 1.24; 95%CI, 0.57 to 2.69; I2=61%, P=0.58) between severe and non-severe patients. In addition, diarrhoea (OR, 1.22; 95%CI, 0.50 to 2.98; I2=0%, P=0.66) and nausea/vomiting (OR, 1.09; 95%CI, 0.46 to 2.62; I2=0%, P=0.84) were not associated with the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. The incidences of GIS in patients with COVID-19 is relatively low and are not associated with the COVID-19 progression. Gastroenterologists should pay more attention to the liver injury induced by SARS-CoV-2 during the course of infection."}, {"pmid": 32434093, "pmcid": "PMC7217074", "title": "Insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Greek population.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Voitsidis, Panteleimon", "Gliatas, Ioannis", "Bairachtari, Vasiliki", "Papadopoulou, Kalliopi", "Papageorgiou, Georgios", "Parlapani, Eleni", "Syngelakis, Markos", "Holeva, Vasiliki", "Diakogiannis, Ioannis"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434093", "countries": ["Greece"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Insomnia is a major health issue associated with great psychological burden. Research of insomnia during a pandemic crisis is limited. The aim of the present study was to explore sleep difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Greek population. The three-day online survey included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, contact with COVID-19 and COVID-19-related negative attitudes, as well as the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Intolerance to Uncertainty scale (IUS), the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness scale (JGLS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) Depression Scale. Altogether, 2,427 individuals participated in the study (with 2,363 of them providing all basic demographic data). Sleep problems were detected in 37.6% of the participants. Women and people in urban areas were more vulnerable to sleep problems, while younger age showed a non-significant trend. Those uncertain about having themselves, or someone close to them contracted the virus, also demonstrated elevated insomnia scores. Lastly, according to the regression analysis, higher levels of intolerance to uncertainty, COVID-19-related worry, loneliness, as well as more severe depressive symptoms, were all predictive of insomnia. Results may be used for the development of therapeutic strategies and implementation of social policies to support people with sleep difficulties."}, {"pmid": 32395786, "title": "Covid-19: First severe pandemic of the 21st century.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Charfi, Mohamed Ridha"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395786", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283903, "pmcid": "PMC7195976", "title": "Global threat of COVID 19 and evacuation of the citizens of different countries", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Sencan, Irfan", "Kuzi, Semanur"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283903", "countries": ["Italy", "Germany", "Spain", "China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Beginning from China on December 2019, COVID-19 epidemic has spreaded all over the world in a short period of time and has been a pandemic. In challenge with this pandemic quarantine technique has been used widely after tens of years. In the course of the pandemic, many countries evacuated their citizens from affected regions and combined the evacuation with quarantine process. Some examples of these countries who evacuated their citizens are Germany, Italy, Spain, and USA. In further times, during the course of pandemic, according to spread, other countries evacuated their citizens from these countries too. Despite being the origin of the pandemic, in later times Wuhan was also a place where people were evacuated to. Evacuation and quarantine have caused social and psychological impacts on people and some of them took place in mainstream media. In this review article, evacuation and quarantine processes as well as the society\u2019s reactions to these, have been compiled."}, {"pmid": 32463562, "title": "Possible Role of Adipose Tissue and Endocannabinoid System in COVID-19 Pathogenesis: Can Rimonabant Return?", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Briand-Mesange, Fabienne", "Trudel, Stephanie", "Salles, Juliette", "Ausseil, Jerome", "Salles, Jean-Pierre", "Chap, Hugues"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463562", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is the main conclusion of a recent study describing a strong relationship between the degree of obesity and the severity of COVID-19 infection. Obesity has various negative consequences relative to the course of COVID-19, including adverse effects on lung physiology, and induces comorbidities such as type II diabetes or hypertension. However, additional mechanisms involving the low-grade inflammatory state accompanying obesity can also be suggested."}, {"pmid": 32311326, "pmcid": "PMC7164887", "title": "COVID-19 disrupts vaccine delivery.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nelson, Roxanne"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311326", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511678, "title": "Use of RAAS inhibitors and risk of clinical deterioration in COVID-19: results from an Italian cohort of 133 hypertensives.", "journal": "Am J Hypertens", "authors": ["Felice, C", "Nardin, C", "Di Tanna, G L", "Grossi, U", "Bernardi, E", "Scaldaferri, L", "Romagnoli, M", "Tonon, L", "Cavasin, P", "Novello, S", "Scarpa, R", "Farnia, A", "De Menis, E", "Rigoli, R", "Cinetto, F", "Pauletto, P", "Agostini, C", "Rattazzi, M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511678", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effect of chronic use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on the severity of COVID-19 infection is still unclear in patients with hypertension. We aimed to investigate the association between chronic use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and COVID-19 related outcomes in hypertensive patients. A single center study was conducted on 133 consecutive hypertensive subjects presenting to the Emergency Department with acute respiratory symptoms and/or fever who were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection between 9th and 31st March 2020. All patients were grouped according to their chronic antihypertensive medications (ACEIs, N=40; ARBs, N=42; not on RAAS inhibitors, N=51). There was no statistical difference between ACEIs and ARBs groups in terms of hospital admission rate, oxygen therapy and need for non-invasive ventilation. Patients chronically treated with RAAS inhibitors showed a significantly lower rate of admission to semi-intensive/intensive care units, when compared to the non-RAAS population (odds ratio [OR] 0.25, CI95% 0.09-0.66 p=0.006). Similarly, the risk of mortality was lower in the former group, although not reaching statistical significance (OR 0.56, CI95% 0.17-1.83, p=0.341). Our data suggest that chronic use of RAAS inhibitors does not negatively affect clinical course of COVID-19 in hypertensive patients. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and determine whether RAAS inhibitors may have a protective effect on COVID 19-related morbidity and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32410735, "pmcid": "PMC7221370", "title": "Interaction of the spike protein RBD from SARS-CoV-2 with ACE2: Similarity with SARS-CoV, hot-spot analysis and effect of the receptor polymorphism.", "journal": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun", "authors": ["Othman, Houcemeddine", "Bouslama, Zied", "Brandenburg, Jean-Tristan", "da Rocha, Jorge", "Hamdi, Yosr", "Ghedira, Kais", "Srairi-Abid, Najet", "Hazelhurst, Scott"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410735", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been growing since its first identification in December 2019. The publishing of the first SARS-CoV-2 genome made a valuable source of data to study the details about its phylogeny, evolution, and interaction with the host. Protein-protein binding assays have confirmed that Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is more likely to be the cell receptor through which the virus invades the host cell. In the present work, we provide an insight into the interaction of the viral spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) from different coronavirus isolates with host ACE2 protein. By calculating the binding energy score between RBD and ACE2, we highlighted the putative jump in the affinity from a progenitor form of SARS-CoV-2 to the current virus responsible for COVID-19 outbreak. Our result was consistent with previously reported phylogenetic analysis and corroborates the opinion that the interface segment of the spike protein RBD might be acquired by SARS-CoV-2 via a complex evolutionary process rather than a progressive accumulation of mutations. We also highlighted the relevance of Q493 and P499 amino acid residues of SARS-CoV-2 RBD for binding to human ACE2 and maintaining the stability of the interface. Moreover, we show from the structural analysis that it is unlikely for the interface residues to be the result of genetic engineering. Finally, we studied the impact of eight different variants located at the interaction surface of ACE2, on the complex formation with SARS-CoV-2 RBD. We found that none of them is likely to disrupt the interaction with the viral RBD of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32433304, "pmcid": "PMC7268874", "title": "COVID-19 Moves Medicine into a Virtual Space: A Paradigm Shift From Touch to Talk to Establish Trust.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Rosen, Claire B", "Joffe, Steven", "Kelz, Rachel R"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433304", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342677, "title": "Severe Thrombocytopenia in a Patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Nham, Eliel", "Ko, Jae Hoon", "Jeong, Byeong Ho", "Huh, Kyungmin", "Cho, Sun Young", "Kang, Cheol In", "Chung, Doo Ryeon", "Peck, Kyong Ran"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342677", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is spreading rapidly all over the world, being a major threat to public health. Since clinical feature of COVID-19 has not been fully evaluated yet, empirical antibacterial agents are frequently combined for the treatment of COVID-19 in addition to antiviral agents, concerning co-existing bacterial pathogens. We experienced a case of severe thrombocytopenia with epistaxis and petechiae, while treating a COVID-19 patient with ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, and lopinavir/ritonavir. The platelet count decreased to 2,000/mm\u00b3 and recovered after discontinuation of the three suspected drugs. In treating a potentially fatal emerging infectious disease, empirical and/or experimental approach would be unavoidable. However, the present case suggests that the possibility of adverse effects caused by polypharmacy should also be carefully considered."}, {"pmid": 32193197, "title": "Covid-19: schools set to close across UK except for children of health and social care workers.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193197", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125129, "title": "[Analysis on the epidemic factors for the Corona Virus Disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, H Y", "Duan, G C"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125129", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) , an emerging infection disease occurred in Wuhan, has spread in the mainland China. The epidemic factors on the basis of knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 were discussed in this paper. This puts a lot of pressure on clinical resources and care. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel corona virus, the onset of COVID-19 is slow, and the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear and may lead to multiple organ damage. These put a lot of pressure on clinical resources and care. Source of infection including the patients, asymptomatic carrier and patients in the incubation period are contagious. It is difficult to control source of infection. Routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission are diversified and the main routes of transmission for COVID-19 are droplet transmission and close contact transmission. All population have susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Social factors such population movements and aggregation accelerated the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The Chinese government's adopted measures are positive and effective, and are accepted by the expert group from the World Health Organization. However, it will be a long-term hard work in the future to seriously summarize and think deeply to achieve public health security in China."}, {"pmid": 32505778, "title": "Persistent detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in patients and healthcare workers with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Gombar, Saurabh", "Chang, Marcello", "Hogan, Catherine A", "Zehnder, James", "Boyd, Scott", "Pinsky, Benjamin A", "Shah, Nigam H"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505778", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current guidelines for returning health care workers (HCW) to service after a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test and ceasing of transmission precautions for patients is based on two general strategies. A test-based strategy that requires negative respiratory RT-PCR tests obtained after the resolution of symptoms. Alternatively, due to the limited availability of testing, many sites employ a symptom-based strategy that recommends excluding HCW from the workforce and keeping patients on contact precautions until a fixed period of time has elapsed from symptom recovery. The underlying assumption of the symptom-based strategy is that waiting for a fixed period of time is a surrogate for negative RT-PCR testing, which itself is a surrogate for the absence of shedding infectious virus. To better understand the appropriate length of symptom based return to work and contact precaution strategies. We performed an observational analysis of 150 patients and HCW that transitioned from RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 positive to negative over the course of 2 months at a US academic medical center. We found that the average time to transition from RT-PCR positive to negative was 24 days after symptom onset and 10 % remained positive even 33 days after symptom onset. No difference was seen in HCW and patients. These findings suggest until definitive evidence of the length of infective viral shedding is obtained that the fixed length of time before returning to work or ceasing contract precautions be revised to over one-month."}, {"pmid": 32405043, "title": "Anti-vaccine movement could undermine efforts to end coronavirus pandemic, researchers warn.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ball, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405043", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302997, "pmcid": "PMC7164327", "title": "Editorial. COVID-19 outbreak and its countermeasures in the Republic of Korea.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Kim, Kyung Hyun", "Choi, Eun Hwa", "Kim, Seung-Ki"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423724, "pmcid": "PMC7203056", "title": "Challenges and Opportunities for the Biotechnology Research Community during the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Trends Biotechnol", "authors": ["Rosales-Mendoza, Sergio", "Comas-Garcia, Mauricio", "Korban, Schuyler S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423724", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented some significant challenges to the scientific community. However, this has also offered opportunities for the pursuit of new scientific activities, and in particular for the field of biotechnology."}, {"pmid": 32501302, "pmcid": "PMC7252124", "title": "Impact of social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic on crime in Los Angeles and Indianapolis.", "journal": "J Crim Justice", "authors": ["Mohler, George", "Bertozzi, Andrea L", "Carter, Jeremy", "Short, Martin B", "Sledge, Daniel", "Tita, George E", "Uchida, Craig D", "Brantingham, P Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501302", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Governments have implemented social distancing measures to address the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The measures include instructions that individuals maintain social distance when in public, school closures, limitations on gatherings and business operations, and instructions to remain at home. Social distancing may have an impact on the volume and distribution of crime. Crimes such as residential burglary may decrease as a byproduct of increased guardianship over personal space and property. Crimes such as domestic violence may increase because of extended periods of contact between potential offenders and victims. Understanding the impact of social distancing on crime is critical for ensuring the safety of police and government capacity to deal with the evolving crisis. Understanding how social distancing policies impact crime may also provide insights into whether people are complying with public health measures. Examination of the most recently available data from both Los Angeles, CA, and Indianapolis, IN, shows that social distancing has had a statistically significant impact on a few specific crime types. However, the overall effect is notably less than might be expected given the scale of the disruption to social and economic life."}, {"pmid": 32334115, "pmcid": "PMC7194543", "title": "Preliminary estimates of the reproduction number of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Republic of Korea and Italy by 5 March 2020.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhuang, Zian", "Zhao, Shi", "Lin, Qianying", "Cao, Peihua", "Lou, Yijun", "Yang, Lin", "Yang, Shu", "He, Daihai", "Xiao, Li"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334115", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has caused 6088 cases and 41 deaths in Republic of Korea, and 3144 cases and 107 death in Italy by 5 March 2020, respectively. We modelled the transmission process in the Republic of Korea and Italy with a stochastic model, and estimated the basic reproduction number R0 as 2.6 (95% CI: 2.3-2.9) or 3.2 (95% CI: 2.9-3.5) in the Republic of Korea, under the assumption that the exponential growth starting on 31 January or 5 February 2020, and 2.6 (95% CI: 2.3-2.9) or 3.3 (95% CI: 3.0-3.6) in Italy, under the assumption that the exponential growth starting on 5 February or 10 February 2020, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32474966, "title": "A social identity perspective on COVID-19: Health risk is affected by shared group membership.", "journal": "Br J Soc Psychol", "authors": ["Cruwys, Tegan", "Stevens, Mark", "Greenaway, Katharine H"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474966", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the face of a novel infectious disease, changing our collective behaviour is critical to saving lives. One determinant of risk perception and risk behaviour that is often overlooked is the degree to which we share psychological group membership with others. We outline, and summarize supporting evidence for, a theoretical model that articulates the role of shared group membership in attenuating health risk perception and increasing health risk behaviour. We emphasize the importance of attending to these processes in the context of the ongoing response to COVID-19 and conclude with three recommendations for how group processes can be harnessed to improve this response."}, {"pmid": 32271594, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Comparative Health Policy Learning in Iran.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Raoofi, Azam", "Takian, Amirhossein", "Akbari Sari, Ali", "Olyaeemanesh, Alireza", "Haghighi, Hajar", "Aarabi, Mohsen"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271594", "countries": ["Italy", "Germany", "Spain", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a global pandemic. Starting in December 2019 from China, the first cases were officially announced on February 19 in Qom city, Iran. As of April 3, 2020, 206 countries have reported a total of 932166 cases with 46764 deaths. Along with China, USA, Italy, Spain, and Germany, Iran has been suffering the hardest burden of COVID-19 outbreak. Worse still, countries like Iran are struggling with the double burden of political sanctions to provide lifesaving medical equipment and medicines to combat the emergency. Using systematic document content analysis and through the lenses of health policy triangle, this article aims to compare the policies and strategies that Iran is adopting, with the experience and recommendations of China and WHO to combat COVID-19. Iran has formulated contextual-based policies to combat COVID-19 outbreak before and after virus entrance. Insufficient whole-government, whole-society approach in managing the outbreak, inadequate lifesaving and protective equipment, and delayed decisive governance are the biggest challenges in policy making to combat COVID-19. COVID-19 policies are a public health concern and require professional advocacy attempts through appropriate inter-sectoral collaboration and whole-government coalitions. COVID-19 is an unfolding outbreak; hence, policy learning is crucial to formulate appropriate policies and implement them accordingly. Iran has made many efforts to defeat the outbreak, but more coherent, timely and efficient action is required, now, more than ever, to save lives and slow the spread of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32388331, "pmcid": "PMC7202837", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: An unholy interaction of two pandemics.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Pal, Rimesh", "Bhadada, Sanjay K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388331", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes mellitus is associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. On the other hand, COVID-19 contributes to worsening of dysglycemia in people with diabetes mellitus over and above that contributed by stress hyperglycemia. Herein, we have reviewed the two-way interactions between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus. We have performed an extensive literature search for articles in PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases till April 25, 2020, with the following keywords: \"COVID-19\", \"SARS-CoV-2\", \"diabetes\", \"diabetes mellitus\", \"SARS\", \"infection\" and \"management of diabetes mellitus\" with interposition of the Boolean operator \"AND\". Compromised innate immunity, pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, reduced expression of ACE2 and use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonists in people with diabetes mellitus contribute to poor prognosis in COVID-19. On the contrary, direct \u03b2-cell damage, cytokine-induced insulin resistance, hypokalemia and drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19 (like corticosteroids, lopinavir/ritonavir) can contribute to worsening of glucose control in people with diabetes mellitus. The two-way interaction between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus sets up a vicious cycle wherein COVID-19 leads to worsening of dysglycemia and diabetes mellitus, in turn, exacerbates the severity of COVID-19. Thus, it is imperative that people with diabetes mellitus take all necessary precautions and ensure good glycemic control amid the ongoing pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32142639, "pmcid": "PMC7134390", "title": "Guidelines for pregnant women with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Favre, Guillaume", "Pomar, Leo", "Qi, Xiaolong", "Nielsen-Saines, Karin", "Musso, Didier", "Baud, David"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142639", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505466, "title": "Cyclosporine as preferred calcineurin inhibitor in renal allograft recipients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Kemmner, Stephan", "Guba, Markus", "Schonermarck, Ulf", "Stangl, Manfred", "Fischereder, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505466", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399620, "pmcid": "PMC7215122", "title": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): relationship between chest CT scores and laboratory parameters.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Zhang, Bin", "Zhang, Jue", "Chen, Hui", "Chen, Luyan", "Chen, Qiuying", "Li, Minmin", "Chen, Zhuozhi", "You, Jingjing", "Yang, Ke", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399620", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To quantify the severity of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on chest CT and to determine its relationship with laboratory parameters. Patients with real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 between January 01 and February 18, 2020, were included in this study. Laboratory parameters were retrospectively collected from medical records. Severity of lung changes on chest CT of early, progressive, peak, and absorption stages was scored according to the percentage of lung involvement (5 lobes, scores 1-5 for each lobe, range 0-20). Relationship between CT scores and laboratory parameters was evaluated by the Spearman rank correlation. The Bonferroni correction adjusted significance level was at 0.05/4\u2009=\u20090.0125. A total of 84 patients (mean age, 47.8\u2009\u00b1\u200912.0\u00a0years [standard deviation]; age range, 24-80\u00a0years) were evaluated. The patients underwent a total of 339 chest CT scans with a median interval of 4\u00a0days (interquartile range, 3-5\u00a0days). Median chest CT scores peaked at 4\u00a0days after the beginning of treatment and then declined. CT score of the early stage was correlated with neutrophil count (r\u2009=\u20090.531, P\u2009=\u20090.011). CT score of the progressive stage was correlated with neutrophil count (r\u2009=\u20090.502, P\u2009<\u20090.001), white blood cell count (r\u2009=\u20090.414, P\u2009=\u20090.001), C-reactive protein (r\u2009=\u20090.511, P\u2009<\u20090.001), procalcitonin (r\u2009=\u20090.423, P\u2009=\u20090.004), and lactose dehydrogenase (r\u2009=\u20090.369, P\u2009=\u20090.010). However, CT scores of the peak and absorption stages were not correlated with any parameter (P\u2009>\u20090.0125). No sex difference occurred regarding CT score (P\u2009>\u20090.05). Severity of lung abnormalities quantified on chest CT might correlate with laboratory parameters in the early and progressive stages. However, larger cohort studies are necessary."}, {"pmid": 32423470, "pmcid": "PMC7234817", "title": "Crucial role of temporary airborne infection isolation rooms in an intensive care unit: containing the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Lee, Shin Yup", "Choi, Sun Ha", "Park, Ji Eun", "Hwang, Soyoon", "Kwon, Ki Tae"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423470", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227076, "pmcid": "PMC7184427", "title": "Life-threatening cardiac tamponade complicating myo-pericarditis in COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Hua, Alina", "O'Gallagher, Kevin", "Sado, Daniel", "Byrne, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227076", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398298, "pmcid": "PMC7236829", "title": "Risk Factors for Viral RNA Shedding in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Fu, Yu", "Han, Ping", "Zhu, Rui", "Bai, Tao", "Yi, Jianhua", "Zhao, Xi", "Tao, Meihui", "Quan, Runze", "Chen, Chaoyue", "Zhang, Ying", "He, Qin", "Jing, Mengjia", "Xiong, Xiaofeng", "Tian, Dean", "Yan, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398298", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336679, "pmcid": "PMC7145369", "title": "Optimizing provision of extracorporeal life support during the COVID-19 pandemic: practical considerations for Canadian jurisdictions.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Parhar, Ken Kuljit S", "Lequier, Laurance", "Blackwood, Jaime", "Zuege, Danny J", "Singh, Gurmeet"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336679", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515561, "title": "[Source of the COVID-19 pandemic: ecology and genetics of coronaviruses (Betacoronavirus: Coronaviridae) SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 (subgenus Sarbecovirus), and MERS-CoV (subgenus Merbecovirus).]", "journal": "Vopr Virusol", "authors": ["Lvov, D K", "Alkhovsky, S V"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515561", "countries": ["Russian Federation", "China", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the early 2000s, three novel zooanthroponous coronaviruses (Betacoronavirus) have emerged. The first outbreak of infection (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV virus occurred in the fall of 2002 in China (Guangdong Province). A second outbreak (MERS) associated with the new MERS-CoV virus appeared in Saudi Arabia in autumn 2012. The third epidemic, which turned into a COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, emerged in China (Hubei Province) in the autumn 2019. This review focuses on ecological and genetic aspects that lead to the emergence of new human zoanthroponous coronaviruses. The main mechanism of adaptation of zoonotic betacoronaviruses to humans is to changes in the receptor-binding domain of surface protein (S), as a result of which it gains the ability to bind human cellular receptors of epithelial cells in respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. This process is caused by the high genetic diversity and variability combined with frequent recombination, during virus circulation in their natural reservoir - bats (Microchiroptera, Chiroptera). Appearance of SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 (subgenus Sarbecovirus), and MERS (subgenus Merbecovirus) viruses is a result of evolutionary events occurring in bat populations with further transfer of viruses to the human directly or through the intermediate vertebrate hosts, ecologically connected with bats. This review is based on the report at the meeting \u00abCoronavirus - a global challenge to science\u00bb of the Scientific Council \u00abLife Science\u00bb of the Russian Academy of Science: Lvov D.K., Alkhovsky S.V., Burtseva E.I. COVID-19 pandemic sources: origin, biology and genetics of coronaviruses of SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV (Conference hall of Presidium of RAS, 14 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, Russia. April 16, 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32451877, "pmcid": "PMC7247913", "title": "Cardiac imaging procedures and the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations of the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR).", "journal": "Int J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Beitzke, Dietrich", "Salgado, Rodrigo", "Francone, Marco", "Kreitner, Karl-Friedrich", "Natale, Luigi", "Bremerich, Jens", "Gutberlet, Matthias", "Mousseaux, Ellie", "Nikolaou, Konstantin", "Peebles, Charles", "Velthuis, Birgitta", "Vliegenthart, Rozemarijn", "Loewe, Christian", "Emrich, Tilman", "Luigi, Natale", "Matthias, Gutberlet", "Rozemarijn, Vliegenthart", "Konstantin, Nikolaou", "Marco, Francone", "Christian, Loewe", "Brigitta, Velthuis", "Rodrigo, Salgado", "Charles, Peebles", "Ellie, Mousseaux"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451877", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic currently constitutes a significant burden on worldwide health care systems, with important implications on many levels, including radiology departments. Given the established fundamental role of cardiovascular imaging in modern healthcare, and the specific value of cardiopulmonary radiology in COVID-19 patients, departmental organisation and imaging programs need to be restructured during the pandemic in order to provide access to modern cardiovascular services to both infected and non-infected patients while ensuring safety for healthcare professionals. The uninterrupted availability of cardiovascular radiology services remains, particularly during the current pandemic outbreak, crucial for the initial evaluation and further follow-up of patients with suspected or known cardiovascular diseases in order to avoid unnecessary complications. Suspected or established COVID-19 patients may also have concomitant cardiovascular symptoms and require further imaging investigations. This statement by the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR) provides information on measures for safety of healthcare professionals and recommendations for cardiovascular imaging during the pandemic in both non-infected and COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32518442, "pmcid": "PMC7270043", "title": "The hunt for covid-19 drugs.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518442", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many drugs and vaccines are now being developed and tested."}, {"pmid": 32100062, "pmcid": "PMC7079907", "title": "Challenges and countermeasures for organ donation during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: the experience of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Pan, Lingai", "Zeng, Jie", "Yang, Hongji"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100062", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431949, "pmcid": "PMC7223271", "title": "Multivariate analyses of codon usage of SARS-CoV-2 and other betacoronaviruses.", "journal": "Virus Evol", "authors": ["Gu, Haogao", "Chu, Daniel K W", "Peiris, Malik", "Poon, Leo L M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431949", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health concern as it continues to spread within China and beyond. The causative agent of this disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus, which also includes severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERSr-CoV). Codon usage of viral genes are believed to be subjected to different selection pressures in different host environments. Previous studies on codon usage of influenza A viruses helped identify viral host origins and evolution trends, however, similar studies on coronaviruses are lacking. In this study, we compared the codon usage bias using global correspondence analysis (CA), within-group CA and between-group CA. We found that the bat RaTG13 virus best matched the overall codon usage pattern of SARS-CoV-2 in orf1ab, spike and nucleocapsid genes, while the pangolin P1E virus had a more similar codon usage in membrane gene. The amino acid usage pattern of SARS-CoV-2 was generally found similar to bat and human SARSr-CoVs. However, we found greater synonymous codon usage differences between SARS-CoV-2 and its phylogenetic relatives on spike and membrane genes, suggesting these two genes of SARS-CoV-2 are subjected to different evolutionary pressures."}, {"pmid": 32431021, "title": "Experience of Remote Cardiac Care during Covid-19 Pandemic: the V-LAP device in advanced heart failure.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["D'Amario, Domenico", "Restivo, A", "Canonico, F", "Rodolico, D", "Galli, M", "Burzotta, F", "Vergallo, R", "Trani, C", "Aspromonte, N", "Crea, Filippo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431021", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533108, "title": "Author Correction: Complement as a target in COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Risitano, Antonio M", "Mastellos, Dimitrios C", "Huber-Lang, Markus", "Yancopoulou, Despina", "Garlanda, Cecilia", "Ciceri, Fabio", "Lambris, John D"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533108", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32366113, "title": "Foot Manifestations in a COVID-19 Positive Patient: A Case Study.", "journal": "J Am Podiatr Med Assoc", "authors": ["Nirenberg, Michael S", "Del Mar Ruiz Herrera, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366113", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301960, "title": "Masks and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Desai, Angel N", "Aronoff, David M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301960", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241929, "title": "Infect volunteers to speed a coronavirus vaccine?", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241929", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344314, "pmcid": "PMC7194824", "title": "Innate immunity in COVID-19 patients mediated by NKG2A receptors, and potential treatment using Monalizumab, Cholroquine, and antiviral agents.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Yaqinuddin, Ahmed", "Kashir, Junaid"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344314", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), studies suggest that the resultant disease (COVID-19) is more severe in individuals with a weakened immune system. Cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) and Natural Killer (NK) cells are required to generate an effective immune response against viruses, functional exhaustion of which enables disease progression. Patients with severe COVID-19 present significantly lower lymphocyte, and higher neutrophil, counts in blood. Specifically, CD8+ lymphocytes and NK cells were significantly reduced in cases of severe infection compared to patients with mild infection and healthy individuals. The NK group 2 member A (NKG2A) receptor transduces inhibitory signalling, suppressing NK cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity. Overexpression of NKG2A has been observed on CD8+ and NK cells of COVID-19 infected patients compared to healthy controls, while NKG2A overexpression also functionally exhausts CD8+ cells and NK cells, resulting in a severely compromised innate immune response. Blocking NKG2A on CD8+ cells and NK cells in cancers modulated tumor growth, restoring CD8+ T and NK cell function. A recently proposed mechanism via which SARS-CoV-2 overrides innate immune response of the host is by over-expressing NKG2A on CD+ T and NK cells, culminating in functional exhaustion of the immune response against the viral pathogen. Monalizumab is an inhibiting antibody against NKG2A which can restore the function of CD8\u00a0+\u00a0T and NK cells in cancers, successfully ceasing tumor progression with no significant side effects in Phase 2 clinical trials. We hypothesize that patients with severe COVID-19 have a severely compromised innate immune response and could be treated via the use of Monalizumab, interferon \u03b1, chloroquine, and other antiviral agents."}, {"pmid": 32409435, "title": "Coagulopathy in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Mucha, Simon R", "Dugar, Siddharth", "McCrae, Keith", "Joseph, Douglas E", "Bartholomew, John", "Sacha, Gretchen", "Militello, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409435", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19-associated coagulopathy is common in patients with COVID-19, causing high rates of thrombotic complications that increase the morbidity and mortality. Markedly elevated levels of D-dimer with normal fibrinogen levels are the hallmark laboratory findings and correlate with severity of illness and risk of thrombosis. Aggressive VTE prophylaxis is paramount for all patients with COVID-19. Patients with very high D-dimer levels (6 times the upper limit of normal, greater than 3,000 ng/mL) have the greatest risk of thrombosis and may benefit from active screening and more intensive VTE prophylaxis."}, {"pmid": 32356900, "pmcid": "PMC7267410", "title": "Consensus statement: Safe Airway Society principles of airway management and tracheal intubation specific to the COVID-19 adult patient group.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Brewster, David J", "Chrimes, Nicholas", "Do, Thy Bt", "Fraser, Kirstin", "Groombridge, Christopher J", "Higgs, Andy", "Humar, Matthew J", "Leeuwenburg, Timothy J", "McGloughlin, Steven", "Newman, Fiona G", "Nickson, Chris P", "Rehak, Adam", "Vokes, David", "Gatward, Jonathan J"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356900", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This statement was planned on 11 March 2020 to provide clinical guidance and aid staff preparation for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Australia and New Zealand. It has been widely endorsed by relevant specialty colleges and societies. Generic guidelines exist for the intubation of different patient groups, as do resources to facilitate airway rescue and transition to the \"can't intubate, can't oxygenate\" scenario. They should be followed where they do not contradict our specific recommendations for the COVID-19 patient group. Consideration should be given to using a checklist that has been specifically modified for the COVID-19 patient group. Early intubation should be considered to prevent the additional risk to staff of emergency intubation and to avoid prolonged use of high flow nasal oxygen or non-invasive ventilation. Significant institutional preparation is required to optimise staff and patient safety in preparing for the airway management of the COVID-19 patient group. The principles for airway management should be the same for all patients with COVID-19 (asymptomatic, mild or critically unwell). Safe, simple, familiar, reliable and robust practices should be adopted for all episodes of airway management for patients with COVID-19. Airway clinicians in Australia and New Zealand should now already be involved in regular intensive training for the airway management of the COVID-19 patient group. This training should focus on the principles of early intervention, meticulous planning, vigilant infection control, efficient processes, clear communication and standardised practice."}, {"pmid": 32453702, "title": "Procoagulation, hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic \"shut down\" detected with ClotPro(R) viscoelastic tests in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Zatroch, Istvan", "Smudla, Aniko", "Babik, Barna", "Tanczos, Krisztian", "Kobori, Laszlo", "Szabo, Zsuzsanna", "Fazakas, Janos"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453702", "countries": ["Hungary"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "International data indicate that arterial, venous and microvascular thrombosis or disseminated intravascular coagulation occur in more than 30% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This condition is characterized by high levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen, prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Blood samples from three COVID-19 patients treated in a Hungarian intensive care unit were collected and analyzed with ClotPro\u00ae tests. EX-tests, IN-test, FIB-tests, RVV-tests, and TPA-tests were performed. The results were interpreted with respect to the clinical condition of the patients. Procoagulation, hypercoagulation and either fibrinolysis or a \"shut down\" phenomenon of the fibrinolytic process were found with ClotPro\u00ae. The ClotPro\u00ae parameters were consistent with the conventional coagulation tests and corresponded with the criteria of non-overt disseminated intravascular coagulation. These findings encourage further investigations to elucidate the underlying pathophysiology of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients and may support the introduction of full dose anticoagulation with or without antiplatelet therapy. Interventional clinical trials may be helpful in defining the appropriate drug(s), for this purpose, the algorithms of administration, and the optimal duration of therapy. At present, the authorization of a clinical trial that attempts to answer these questions is in progress. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(22): 899-907."}, {"pmid": 32453689, "title": "Blood supply and transfusion support in southern Italy: findings during the first four weeks of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Grandone, Elvira", "Mastroianno, Mario", "Caroli, Antonella", "Ostuni, Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453689", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343415, "pmcid": "PMC7267623", "title": "Long-term coexistence of SARS-CoV-2 with antibody response in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Bin", "Wang, Li", "Kong, Xianggen", "Geng, Jin", "Xiao, Di", "Ma, Chunhong", "Jiang, Xue-Mei", "Wang, Pei-Hui"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343415", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide. Whether antibodies are important for the adaptive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be determined. Here, 26 cases of COVID-19 in Jinan, China, were examined and shown to be mild or with common clinical symptoms, and no case of severe symptoms was found among these patients. Strikingly, a subset of these patients had SARS-CoV-2 and virus-specific IgG coexist for an unexpectedly long time, with two cases for up to 50 days. One COVID-19 patient who did not produce any SARS-CoV-2-bound IgG successfully cleared SARS-CoV-2 after 46 days of illness, revealing that without antibody-mediated adaptive immunity, innate immunity alone may still be powerful enough to eliminate SARS-CoV-2. This report may provide a basis for further analysis of both innate and adaptive immunity in SARS-CoV-2 clearance, especially in nonsevere cases."}, {"pmid": 32352025, "pmcid": "PMC7189191", "title": "The role of virtual support groups for patients with hidradenitis suppurativa during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Womens Dermatol", "authors": ["Stout, Molly"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32187464, "pmcid": "PMC7121492", "title": "A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Cao, Bin", "Wang, Yeming", "Wen, Danning", "Liu, Wen", "Wang, Jingli", "Fan, Guohui", "Ruan, Lianguo", "Song, Bin", "Cai, Yanping", "Wei, Ming", "Li, Xingwang", "Xia, Jiaan", "Chen, Nanshan", "Xiang, Jie", "Yu, Ting", "Bai, Tao", "Xie, Xuelei", "Zhang, Li", "Li, Caihong", "Yuan, Ye", "Chen, Hua", "Li, Huadong", "Huang, Hanping", "Tu, Shengjing", "Gong, Fengyun", "Liu, Ying", "Wei, Yuan", "Dong, Chongya", "Zhou, Fei", "Gu, Xiaoying", "Xu, Jiuyang", "Liu, Zhibo", "Zhang, Yi", "Li, Hui", "Shang, Lianhan", "Wang, Ke", "Li, Kunxia", "Zhou, Xia", "Dong, Xuan", "Qu, Zhaohui", "Lu, Sixia", "Hu, Xujuan", "Ruan, Shunan", "Luo, Shanshan", "Wu, Jing", "Peng, Lu", "Cheng, Fang", "Pan, Lihong", "Zou, Jun", "Jia, Chunmin", "Wang, Juan", "Liu, Xia", "Wang, Shuzhen", "Wu, Xudong", "Ge, Qin", "He, Jing", "Zhan, Haiyan", "Qiu, Fang", "Guo, Li", "Huang, Chaolin", "Jaki, Thomas", "Hayden, Frederick G", "Horby, Peter W", "Zhang, Dingyu", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187464", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No therapeutics have yet been proven effective for the treatment of severe illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. We conducted a randomized, controlled, open-label trial involving hospitalized adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, which causes the respiratory illness Covid-19, and an oxygen saturation (Sao2) of 94% or less while they were breathing ambient air or a ratio of the partial pressure of oxygen (Pao2) to the fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) of less than 300 mm Hg. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either lopinavir-ritonavir (400 mg and 100 mg, respectively) twice a day for 14 days, in addition to standard care, or standard care alone. The primary end point was the time to clinical improvement, defined as the time from randomization to either an improvement of two points on a seven-category ordinal scale or discharge from the hospital, whichever came first. A total of 199 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection underwent randomization; 99 were assigned to the lopinavir-ritonavir group, and 100 to the standard-care group. Treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir was not associated with a difference from standard care in the time to clinical improvement (hazard ratio for clinical improvement, 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 1.80). Mortality at 28 days was similar in the lopinavir-ritonavir group and the standard-care group (19.2% vs. 25.0%; difference, -5.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -17.3 to 5.7). The percentages of patients with detectable viral RNA at various time points were similar. In a modified intention-to-treat analysis, lopinavir-ritonavir led to a median time to clinical improvement that was shorter by 1 day than that observed with standard care (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.91). Gastrointestinal adverse events were more common in the lopinavir-ritonavir group, but serious adverse events were more common in the standard-care group. Lopinavir-ritonavir treatment was stopped early in 13 patients (13.8%) because of adverse events. In hospitalized adult patients with severe Covid-19, no benefit was observed with lopinavir-ritonavir treatment beyond standard care. Future trials in patients with severe illness may help to confirm or exclude the possibility of a treatment benefit. (Funded by Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development and others; Chinese Clinical Trial Register number, ChiCTR2000029308.)."}, {"pmid": 32209889, "title": "Advances in the relationship between coronavirus infection and coagulation function.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Zou, Hai", "Xiong, Wan-Feng"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209889", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32046819, "pmcid": "PMC7014672", "title": "Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travellers from Wuhan, China, 20-28 January 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Backer, Jantien A", "Klinkenberg, Don", "Wallinga, Jacco"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32046819", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is causing an outbreak of viral pneumonia that started in Wuhan, China. Using the travel history and symptom onset of 88 confirmed cases that were detected outside Wuhan in the early outbreak phase, we estimate the mean incubation period to be 6.4 days (95% credible interval: 5.6-7.7), ranging from 2.1 to 11.1 days (2.5th to 97.5th percentile). These values should help inform 2019-nCoV case definitions and appropriate quarantine durations."}, {"pmid": 32494062, "pmcid": "PMC7269160", "title": "Author Correction: Caring for patients with cancer in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["van de Haar, Joris", "Hoes, Louisa R", "Coles, Charlotte E", "Seamon, Kenneth", "Frohling, Stefan", "Jager, Dirk", "Valenza, Franco", "de Braud, Filippo", "De Petris, Luigi", "Bergh, Jonas", "Ernberg, Ingemar", "Besse, Benjamin", "Barlesi, Fabrice", "Garralda, Elena", "Piris-Gimenez, Alejandro", "Baumann, Michael", "Apolone, Giovanni", "Soria, Jean Charles", "Tabernero, Josep", "Caldas, Carlos", "Voest, Emile E"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494062", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32149043, "pmcid": "PMC7045882", "title": "Contact Transmission of COVID-19 in South Korea: Novel Investigation Techniques for Tracing Contacts.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149043", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the epidemiological investigation of an infectious disease, investigating, classifying, tracking, and managing contacts by identifying the patient's route are important for preventing further transmission of the disease. However, omissions and errors in previous activities can occur when the investigation is performed through only a proxy interview with the patient. To overcome these limitations, methods that can objectively verify the patient's claims (medical facility records, Global Positioning System, card transactions, and closed-circuit television) were used for the recent ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 contact investigations in South Korea."}, {"pmid": 32403025, "pmcid": "PMC7199669", "title": "Online mental health services in Indonesia during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Ifdil, Ifdil", "Fadli, Rima Pratiwi", "Suranata, Kadek", "Zola, Nilma", "Ardi, Zadrian"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403025", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321524, "pmcid": "PMC7174922", "title": "Emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutation hot spots include a novel RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase variant.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Pachetti, Maria", "Marini, Bruna", "Benedetti, Francesca", "Giudici, Fabiola", "Mauro, Elisabetta", "Storici, Paola", "Masciovecchio, Claudio", "Angeletti, Silvia", "Ciccozzi, Massimo", "Gallo, Robert C", "Zella, Davide", "Ippodrino, Rudy"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321524", "countries": ["Italy", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a RNA coronavirus responsible for the pandemic of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (COVID-19). RNA viruses are characterized by a high mutation rate, up to a million times higher than that of their hosts. Virus mutagenic capability depends upon several factors, including the fidelity of viral enzymes that replicate nucleic acids, as SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Mutation rate drives viral evolution and genome variability, thereby enabling viruses to escape host immunity and to develop drug resistance. We analyzed 220 genomic sequences from the GISAID database derived from patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 worldwide from December 2019 to mid-March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 reference genome was obtained from the GenBank database. Genomes alignment was performed using Clustal Omega. Mann-Whitney and Fisher-Exact tests were used to assess statistical significance. We characterized 8 novel recurrent mutations of SARS-CoV-2, located at positions 1397, 2891, 14408, 17746, 17857, 18060, 23403 and 28881. Mutations in 2891, 3036, 14408, 23403 and 28881 positions are predominantly observed in Europe, whereas those located at positions 17746, 17857 and 18060 are exclusively present in North America. We noticed for the first time a silent mutation in RdRp gene in England (UK) on February 9th, 2020 while a different mutation in RdRp changing its amino acid composition emerged on February 20th, 2020 in Italy (Lombardy). Viruses with RdRp mutation have a median of 3 point mutations [range: 2-5], otherwise they have a median of 1 mutation [range: 0-3] (p value\u2009<\u20090.001). These findings suggest that the virus is evolving and European, North American and Asian strains might coexist, each of them characterized by a different mutation pattern. The contribution of the mutated RdRp to this phenomenon needs to be investigated. To date, several drugs targeting RdRp enzymes are being employed for SARS-CoV-2 infection treatment. Some of them have a predicted binding moiety in a SARS-CoV-2 RdRp hydrophobic cleft, which is adjacent to the 14408 mutation we identified. Consequently, it is important to study and characterize SARS-CoV-2 RdRp mutation in order to assess possible drug-resistance viral phenotypes. It is also important to recognize whether the presence of some mutations might correlate with different SARS-CoV-2 mortality rates."}, {"pmid": 32087777, "pmcid": "PMC7138040", "title": "COVID-19: fighting panic with information.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415652, "pmcid": "PMC7227454", "title": "European Hernia Society (EHS) guidance for the management of adult patients with a hernia during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Hernia", "authors": ["Stabilini, C", "East, B", "Fortelny, R", "Gillion, J-F", "Lorenz, R", "Montgomery, A", "Morales-Conde, S", "Muysoms, F", "Pawlak, M", "Reinpold, W", "Simons, M", "de Beaux, A C"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415652", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380315, "pmcid": "PMC7198406", "title": "Continuous hydroxychloroquine or colchicine therapy does not prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2: Insights from a large healthcare database analysis.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Gendelman, Omer", "Amital, Howard", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Watad, Abdulla", "Chodick, Gabriel"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380315", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some disease-modifying agents commonly used to treat patients with rheumatic diseases/autoimmune disorders, such as hydroxychloroquine and colchicine, are under investigation as potential therapies for the \"coronavirus disease 2019\" (COVID-19). However, the role of such agents as prophylactic tools is still not clear. This is a retrospective study based on a large healthcare computerized database including all patients that were screened for the \"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2\" (SARS-CoV-2) in the study period from February 23rd 2020 to March 31st 2020. A comparison was conducted between subjects tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and those found negative in terms of rate of administration of hydroxychloroquine/colchicine therapy. An overall sample of 14,520 subjects were screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection and 1317 resulted positive. No significant difference was found in terms of rates of usage of hydroxychloroquine or colchicine between those who were found positive for SARS-CoV-2 and those who were found negative (0.23% versus 0.25% for hydroxychloroquine, and 0.53% versus 0.48% for colchicine, respectively). These findings raise doubts regarding the protective role of these medications in the battle against SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32363967, "title": "A challenging case of psoriasis flare-up after COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Nasiri, Soheila", "Araghi, Farnaz", "Tabary, Mohammadreza", "Gheisari, Mehdi", "Mahboubi-Fooladi, Zahra", "Dadkhahfar, Sahar"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363967", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356590, "pmcid": "PMC7267438", "title": "ISUOG Interim Guidance on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy and puerperium: information for healthcare professionals - an update.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Poon, L C", "Yang, H", "Dumont, S", "Lee, J C S", "Copel, J A", "Danneels, L", "Wright, A", "Costa, F Da Silva", "Leung, T Y", "Zhang, Y", "Chen, D", "Prefumo, F"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356590", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491034, "title": "Domestic violence in the COVID-19 pandemic: a forensic psychiatric perspective.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Telles, Lisieux E de Borba", "Valenca, Alexandre M", "Barros, Alcina J S", "da Silva, Antonio Geraldo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491034", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446015, "pmcid": "PMC7270925", "title": "The performance and professionalism of nurses in the fight against the new outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic is laudable.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["Jiang, Li", "Broome, Marion E", "Ning, Chuanyi"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446015", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492695, "title": "Does the newly observed inflammatory syndrome in children demonstrate a link between uncontrolled neutrophil extracellular traps formation and COVID-19?", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Thierry, Alain R"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492695", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426928, "pmcid": "PMC7267106", "title": "The diabetic lung: an easy target for SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Res Rev", "authors": ["Caruso, Irene", "Giorgino, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426928", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241328, "pmcid": "PMC7171227", "title": "Limited Early Warnings and Public Attention to Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China, January-February, 2020: A Longitudinal Cohort of Randomly Sampled Weibo Users.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Zhu, Yuner", "Fu, King-Wa", "Grepin, Karen A", "Liang, Hai", "Fung, Isaac Chun-Hai"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241328", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Awareness and attentiveness have implications for the acceptance and adoption of disease prevention and control measures. Social media posts provide a record of the public's attention to an outbreak. To measure the attention of Chinese netizens to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pre-established nationally representative cohort of Weibo users was searched for COVID-19-related key words in their posts. COVID-19-related posts (N = 1101) were retrieved from a longitudinal cohort of 52 268 randomly sampled Weibo accounts (December 31, 2019-February 12, 2020). Attention to COVID-19 was limited prior to China openly acknowledging human-to-human transmission on January 20. Following this date, attention quickly increased and has remained high over time. Particularly high levels of social media traffic appeared around when Wuhan was first placed in quarantine (January 23-24, 8-9% of the overall posts), when a scandal associated with the Red Cross Society of China occurred (February 1, 8%), and, following the death of Dr Li Wenliang (February 6-7, 11%), one of the whistleblowers who was reprimanded by the Chinese police in early January for discussing this outbreak online. Limited early warnings represent missed opportunities to engage citizens earlier in the outbreak. Governments should more proactively communicate early warnings to the public in a transparent manner."}, {"pmid": 32380028, "pmcid": "PMC7198402", "title": "Drone delivery of AED's and personal protective equipment in the era of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["van Veelen, Michiel J", "Kaufmann, Marc", "Brugger, Hermann", "Strapazzon, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380028", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471634, "pmcid": "PMC7195111", "title": "Adding insult to injury: kidney replacement therapy during COVID-19 in India.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Ramachandran, Raja", "Jha, Vivekanand"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471634", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32225995, "pmcid": "PMC7256909", "title": "Why Italian ENT physicians should be aware of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital", "authors": ["Torretta, Sara", "Gaini, Lorenzo Maria", "Pignataro, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225995", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354807, "pmcid": "PMC7194766", "title": "Video consultations in UK primary care in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Trethewey, Samuel P", "Beck, Kathryn J", "Symonds, Rehan F"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354807", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358774, "pmcid": "PMC7193540", "title": "On the death of 100 + Italian doctors from COVID-19.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Fusaroli, Pietro", "Balena, Sara", "Lisotti, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358774", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411922, "pmcid": "PMC7220164", "title": "Organising community primary care in the age of COVID-19: challenges in disadvantaged areas.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Julia, Chantal", "Saynac, Yohan", "Le Joubioux, Clemence", "Cailhol, Johann", "Lombrail, Pierre", "Bouchaud, Olivier"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411922", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354735, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors should not face investigation for refusing to see patients over lack of PPE, says indemnifier.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354735", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340347, "pmcid": "PMC7215485", "title": "Airborne Transmission Route of COVID-19: Why 2 Meters/6 Feet of Inter-Personal Distance Could Not Be Enough.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Setti, Leonardo", "Passarini, Fabrizio", "De Gennaro, Gianluigi", "Barbieri, Pierluigi", "Perrone, Maria Grazia", "Borelli, Massimo", "Palmisani, Jolanda", "Di Gilio, Alessia", "Piscitelli, Prisco", "Miani, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340347", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused the shutdown of entire nations all over the world. In addition to mobility restrictions of people, the World Health Organization and the Governments have prescribed maintaining an inter-personal distance of 1.5 or 2 m (about 6 feet) from each other in order to minimize the risk of contagion through the droplets that we usually disseminate around us from nose and mouth. However, recently published studies support the hypothesis of virus transmission over a distance of 2 m from an infected person. Researchers have proved the higher aerosol and surface stability of SARS-COV-2 as compared with SARS-COV-1 (with the virus remaining viable and infectious in aerosol for hours) and that airborne transmission of SARS-CoV can occur besides close-distance contacts. Indeed, there is reasonable evidence about the possibility of SARS-COV-2 airborne transmission due to its persistence into aerosol droplets in a viable and infectious form. Based on the available knowledge and epidemiological observations, it is plausible that small particles containing the virus may diffuse in indoor environments covering distances up to 10 m from the emission sources, thus representing a kind of aerosol transmission. On-field studies carried out inside Wuhan Hospitals showed the presence of SARS-COV-2 RNA in air samples collected in the hospitals and also in the surroundings, leading to the conclusion that the airborne route has to be considered an important pathway for viral diffusion. Similar findings are reported in analyses concerning air samples collected at the Nebraska University Hospital. On March 16th, we have released a Position Paper emphasizing the airborne route as a possible additional factor for interpreting the anomalous COVID-19 outbreaks in northern Italy, ranked as one of the most polluted areas in Europe and characterized by high particulate matter (PM) concentrations. The available information on the SARS-COV-2 spreading supports the hypothesis of airborne diffusion of infected droplets from person to person at a distance greater than two meters (6 feet). The inter-personal distance of 2 m can be reasonably considered as an effective protection only if everybody wears face masks in daily life activities."}, {"pmid": 32358996, "pmcid": "PMC7267648", "title": "Skin signs resembling vascular acrosyndromes during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Tosti, G", "Barisani, A", "Queirolo, P", "Pennacchioli, E", "Villa, L", "Lodeserto, A M", "Vaccari, S"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358996", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434725, "pmcid": "PMC7187853", "title": "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During the Coronavirus Crisis: Important Updates for the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia Community.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393500, "title": "Covid-19: GPs can't get results of tests carried out at drive-through centres.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393500", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377315, "pmcid": "PMC7200171", "title": "First Things First: Parent Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion During COVID-19.", "journal": "Behav Anal Pract", "authors": ["Coyne, Lisa W", "Gould, Evelyn R", "Grimaldi, Mikala", "Wilson, Kelly G", "Baffuto, Gabriel", "Biglan, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377315", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about significant stress and anxiety for many parents around the world. Psychological flexibility and self-care are fundamental aspects of psychological health. For parents, shaping these processes may help promote family nurturance, support children's prosocial behavior, and provide effective and consistent use of evidence-based parenting \"kernels.\" The goal of this article is to provide practitioners with evidence-based tools that will support psychological flexibility, self-care, and positive parenting behaviors in caregivers during COVID-19 and beyond."}, {"pmid": 32520288, "title": "[Emotions, concerns and reflections regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina].", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Johnson, Maria Cecilia", "Saletti-Cuesta, Lorena", "Tumas, Natalia"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520288", "countries": ["Argentina"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The scope of this work is to explore the feelings and expectations that COVID-19 has generated in Argentina during the first stage of the pandemic. A survey of the World Health Organization adapted to the local context was applied. Open-ended questions were included to study people's feelings about COVID-19, and content analysis was subsequently conducted. In terms of results, it is revealed that the population surveyed feels uncertainty, fear and anguish, albeit a feeling of responsibility and care in the face of COVID-19 also emerges. Moreover, positive feelings regarding society stand out as an achievement of social interdependence. The results obtained show that the impact on mental health differs in accordance with gender, educational level, and perceived comfort in the home. The study concludes that the emotional and bonding dimensions of people are central to confronting the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina. It is recommended that these dimensions, as well as their subjective and differential social impact among the different population groups, should be considered in the planning of policies to address the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32428921, "title": "Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Capuano, Ivana", "Buonanno, Pasquale", "Riccio, Eleonora", "Pisani, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428921", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253448, "pmcid": "PMC7131987", "title": "Clinicolaboratory study of 25 fatal cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Tu, Wen-Jun", "Cao, Jianlei", "Yu, Lei", "Hu, Xiaorong", "Liu, Qiang"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253448", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448649, "pmcid": "PMC7191291", "title": "Echocardiography during Prone-Position Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with COVID-19: A Proposal for a New Approach.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Giustiniano, Enrico", "Padua, Eleonora", "Negri, Katerina", "Bragato, Renato Maria", "Cecconi, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448649", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171192, "title": "[Epidemiological characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus family clustering in Zhejiang Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Sun, W W", "Ling, F", "Pan, J R", "Cai, J", "Miao, Z P", "Liu, S L", "Cheng, W", "Chen, E F"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171192", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: Family clusters of Novel coronavirus pneumonia in Zhejiang province were analyzed to provide epidemiological basis for disease control. Methods: The data of family clusters occurred from January 20 to February 10 in Zhejiang Province were collected. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the clinical symptoms and the serial interval between the subsequent cases and the index cases. Chi-square test was used to analyze the age distribution, gender distribution and the relationship between the subsequent cases and the index cases. Results: 391 cases including 148 family index cases, 189 subsequent cases and 54 asymptomatic infected cases. The clinical symptoms between family index cases and subsequent cases are similar, fever is the most common symptoms in the two groups 114 (77.03%) and 92 (48.68%) respectively, the cases with diarrhea symptoms accounted for the least proportion, which were 7 (4.73%) and 5 (2.65%). The serial interval between the family index cases and the subsequent cases [M (P(25), P(75))] was 3.00 (1.00, 6.00) days. Family secondary attack rate for subsequent cases and asymptomatic infected cases are 31.61% and 43.20% respectively, the family secondary attack rate of the spouses of the family index cases is 63.87%, and are higher than that of their children (30.53%), parents (28.37%) and other family members (20.93%), the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: 2019 novel coronavirus has shorter serial interval and higher family secondary attack rate, the secondary attack rate of spouses is higher than other family members."}, {"pmid": 32142773, "pmcid": "PMC7130181", "title": "Evidence for Gastrointestinal Infection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Xiao, Fei", "Tang, Meiwen", "Zheng, Xiaobin", "Liu, Ye", "Li, Xiaofeng", "Shan, Hong"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142773", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325017, "pmcid": "PMC7172691", "title": "Use of non-invasive ventilation for patients with COVID-19: a cause for concern?", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Arulkumaran, Nishkantha", "Brealey, David", "Howell, David", "Singer, Mervyn"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325017", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271595, "title": "The Exponentially Increasing Rate of Patients Infected with COVID-19 in Iran.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Moftakhar, Leila", "Seif, Mozhgan"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271595", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus, the cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19), is rapidly spreading around the world. Since the number of corona positive patients is increasing sharply in Iran, this study aimed to forecast the number of newly infected patients in the coming days in Iran. The data used in this study were obtained from daily reports of the Iranian Ministry of Health and the datasets provided by the Johns Hopkins University including the number of new infected cases from February 19, 2020 to March 21, 2020. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was applied to predict the number of patients during the next thirty days. The ARIMA model forecasted an exponential increase in the number of newly detected patients. The result of this study also show that if the spreading pattern continues the same as before, the number of daily new cases would be 3574 by April 20. Since this disease is highly contagious, health politicians need to make decisions to prevent its spread; otherwise, even the most advanced and capable health care systems would face problems for treating all infected patients and a substantial number of deaths will become inevitable."}, {"pmid": 32451077, "pmcid": "PMC7195135", "title": "A view from the front line of the COVID-19 war.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Carrara, Camillo", "Cappelletti, Laura", "Portalupi, Valentina"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451077", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412529, "pmcid": "PMC7220594", "title": "Food frights: COVID-19 and the specter of hunger.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Dickinson, Maggie"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412529", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32009228, "pmcid": "PMC7089049", "title": "Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Xu, Xintian", "Chen, Ping", "Wang, Jingfang", "Feng, Jiannan", "Zhou, Hui", "Li, Xuan", "Zhong, Wu", "Hao, Pei"], "date": "2020-02-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32009228", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272191, "pmcid": "PMC7136879", "title": "Commentary: COVID-19 and diabetes.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Villabona, Carmen V"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272191", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327384, "pmcid": "PMC7167544", "title": "COVID-19 preparedness for portable x-rays in an Indian hospital - Safety of the radiographers, the frontline warriors.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Mohakud, S", "Ranjan, A", "Naik, S", "Deep, N"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327384", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374370, "title": "Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Sethuraman, Nandini", "Jeremiah, Sundararaj Stanleyraj", "Ryo, Akihide"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374370", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242173, "title": "New Zealand's elimination strategy for the COVID-19 pandemic and what is required to make it work.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Baker, Michael", "Kvalsvig, Amanda", "Verrall, Ayesha J", "Telfar-Barnard, Lucy", "Wilson, Nick"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242173", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395096, "pmcid": "PMC7213549", "title": "Psychometric Validation of the Bangla Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Rasch Analysis.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Sakib, Najmuj", "Bhuiyan, A K M Israfil", "Hossain, Sahadat", "Al Mamun, Firoj", "Hosen, Ismail", "Abdullah, Abu Hasnat", "Sarker, Md Abedin", "Mohiuddin, Mohammad Sarif", "Rayhan, Istihak", "Hossain, Moazzem", "Sikder, Md Tajuddin", "Gozal, David", "Muhit, Mohammad", "Islam, S M Shariful", "Griffiths, Mark D", "Pakpour, Amir H", "Mamun, Mohammed A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395096", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recently developed Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a seven-item uni-dimensional scale that assesses the severity of fears of COVID-19. Given the rapid increase of COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh, we aimed to translate and validate the FCV-19S in Bangla. The forward-backward translation method was used to translate the English version of the questionnaire into Bangla. The reliability and validity properties of the Bangla FCV-19S were rigorously psychometrically evaluated (utilizing both confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis) in relation to socio-demographic variables, national lockdown variables, and response to the Bangla Health Patient Questionnaire. The sample comprised 8550 Bangladeshi participants. The Cronbach \u03b1 value for the Bangla FCV-19S was 0.871 indicating very good internal reliability. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the uni-dimensional factor structure of the FCV-19S fitted well with the data. The FCV-19S was significantly correlated with the nine-item Bangla Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-90) (r\u2009=\u20090.406, p\u2009<\u20090.001). FCV-19S scores were significantly associated with higher worries concerning lockdown. Measurement invariance of the FCV-19S showed no differences with respect to age or gender. The Bangla version of FCV-19S is a valid and reliable tool with robust psychometric properties which will be useful for researchers carrying out studies among the Bangla speaking population in assessing the psychological impact of fear from COVID-19 infection during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32292805, "pmcid": "PMC7152873", "title": "Data on the stability of darunavir/cobicistat suspension after tablet manipulation.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Zanon, D", "Manca, A", "De Nicolo, A", "D'Avolio, A", "Musazzi, U M", "Cilurzo, F", "Maximova, N", "Tomasello, C", "Minghetti, P"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292805", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is now one of the most critical crises to manage for most of the national healthcare systems in the world. In the absence of authorised pharmacological treatments, many antiretrovirals, including darunavir/cobicistat fixed combination, were used off-label in the hospital wards as life-treating medicines for COVID-19 patients. Unfortunately, for most of them, the drug products available on the market are not designed to be administered by a nasogastric tube to inpatients of intensive care units. Therefore, their manipulation, even if it can strongly affect the product quality, is necessary for the preparation of suspension to meet patients' need. In this situation, it is urgent to provide data and guidance to support hospital pharmacist and clinicians in their activity. The data in this article indicate that darunavir/cobicistat suspensions compounded by pharmacists using as active ingredient a commercially available tablet can be stable at least for one week."}, {"pmid": 32513508, "title": "About the new coronavirus: Microbiotourism.", "journal": "Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin", "authors": ["Albert-Hernandez, Miriam"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513508", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458536, "title": "Considerations for Safety in the Use of Systemic Medications for Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Ricardo, Jose W", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458536", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is responsible for at least 2,546,527 cases and 175,812 deaths as of April 21, 2020. Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are common, chronic, inflammatory skin conditions, with immune dysregulation as a shared mechanism; therefore, mainstays of treatment include systemic immunomodulating therapies. It is unknown whether these therapies are associated with increased to COVID-19 susceptibility or worse outcomes in infected patients. In this review, we discuss overall infection risks of non-biologic and biologic systemic medications for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, and provide therapeutic recommendations. In summary, in patients with active infection, systemic conventional medications, the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib, and biologics for psoriasis should be temporarily held until there is more data; in uninfected patients switching to safer alternatives should be considered. Interleukin (IL)-17, IL-12/23 and IL-23 inhibitors are associated with low infection risk, with IL-17 and IL-23 favored over IL-12/23 inhibitors. Pivotal trials and postmarketing data also suggest that IL-17 and IL-23 blockers are safer than TNF-blockers. Apremilast, acitretin and dupilumab, have favorable safety data, and may be safely initiated and continued in uninfected patients. Without definitive COVID-19 data, these recommendations may be useful in guiding treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32142887, "pmcid": "PMC7134492", "title": "Practical experiences and suggestions for the 'eagle-eyed observer': a novel promising role for controlling nosocomial infection in the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Peng, J", "Ren, N", "Wang, M", "Zhang, G"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142887", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454030, "pmcid": "PMC7255324", "title": "Chemotherapy directly followed by PARP inhibition as an alternative to surgery in patients with BRCA- mutated ovarian cancer - a potential management strategy in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Vetter, Monica Hagan", "Smrz, Stacy A", "Copeland, Larry J", "Cohn, David E"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454030", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414420, "pmcid": "PMC7226707", "title": "Prolonged prone position ventilation for SARS-CoV-2 patients is feasible and effective.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Carsetti, Andrea", "Damia Paciarini, Agnese", "Marini, Benedetto", "Pantanetti, Simona", "Adrario, Erica", "Donati, Abele"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414420", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270477, "title": "Expert consensus from the Italian Society for Colposcopy and Cervico-Vaginal Pathology (SICPCV) for colposcopy and outpatient surgery of the lower genital tract during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Ciavattini, Andrea", "Delli Carpini, Giovanni", "Giannella, Luca", "De Vincenzo, Rosa", "Frega, Antonio", "Cattani, Paolo", "Boselli, Fausto", "Sopracordevole, Francesco", "Barbero, Maggiorino"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270477", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients need to be evaluated within 2-4\u00a0weeks in the following cases: cytology result of \"squamous cell carcinoma,\" \"atypical glandular cells, favor neoplastic,\" \"endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ,\" or \"adenocarcinoma\"; histopathological diagnosis of suspected invasion from cervical/vaginal biopsy, or invasive disease after a cervical excision procedure, vaginal excision, or vulvar biopsy/excision; sudden onset of strongly suggestive symptoms for malignancy. Digital imaging technologies represent an important opportunity during the COVID-19 pandemic to share colposcopic images with reference centers, with the aim of avoiding any concentration of patients. All patients must undergo screening for COVID-19 exposure and should wear a surgical mask. A high-efficiency filter smoke evacuation system is mandatory to remove surgical smoke. Electrosurgical instruments should be set at the lowest possible power and not be used for long continuous periods to reduce the amount of surgical smoke. The following personal protective equipment should be used: sterile fluid-repellant surgical gloves, an underlying pair of gloves, eye protection, FFP3 mask, surgical cap, and gown. The colposcope should be protected by a disposable transparent cover. A protective lens that must be disinfected after each use should be applied. The use of a video colposcope should be preferred."}, {"pmid": 32438520, "title": "The role of climate during the COVID-19 epidemic in New South Wales, Australia.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Ward, Michael P", "Xiao, Shuang", "Zhang, Zhijie"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438520", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous research has identified a relationship between climate and occurrence of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV cases, information that can be used to reduce the risk of infection. Using COVID-19 notification and postcode data from New South Wales, Australia during the exponential phase of the epidemic in 2020, we used time series analysis to investigate the relationship between 749 cases of locally acquired COVID-19 and daily rainfall, 9\u00a0a.m. and 3\u00a0p.m. temperature, and 9\u00a0a.m. and 3\u00a0p.m. relative humidity. Lower 9\u00a0a.m. relative humidity (but not rainfall or temperature) was associated with increased case occurrence; a reduction in relative humidity of 1% was predicted to be associated with an increase of COVID-19 cases by 6.11%. During periods of low relative humidity, the public health system should anticipate an increased number of COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32518067, "title": "Covid-19: Test and trace system is not fit for purpose, says Independent SAGE.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518067", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357307, "title": "Radiographic examination of the chest and COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann R Coll Surg Engl", "authors": ["Sayiner, A", "Cinkooglu, A", "Tasbakan, M S", "Basoglu, O K", "Ceylan, N", "Savas, R", "Bayraktaroglu, S", "Ozhan, M H"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357307", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336348, "pmcid": "PMC7180027", "title": "Effective health communication - a key factor in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Patient Educ Couns", "authors": ["Finset, Arnstein", "Bosworth, Hayden", "Butow, Phyllis", "Gulbrandsen, Pal", "Hulsman, Robert L", "Pieterse, Arwen H", "Street, Richard", "Tschoetschel, Robin", "van Weert, Julia"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360885, "pmcid": "PMC7192069", "title": "Value and Challenges: Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for SARS-CoV-2 in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Meng, Yifan", "Guo, Ensong", "Liu, Jia", "Huang, Xiaoyuan", "Sun, Chaoyang", "Wu, Peng", "Chen, Gang"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360885", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32206052, "pmcid": "PMC7083240", "title": "COVID-19 and smoking: A systematic review of the evidence.", "journal": "Tob Induc Dis", "authors": ["Vardavas, Constantine I", "Nikitara, Katerina"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32206052", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32180292, "title": "Coronavirus in pregnancy and delivery: rapid review.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Mullins, E", "Evans, D", "Viner, R M", "O'Brien, P", "Morris, E"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32180292", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are limited case series reporting the impact on women affected by coronavirus during pregnancy. In women affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), the case fatality rate appears higher in those affected in pregnancy compared with non-pregnant women. We conducted a rapid review to guide health policy and management of women affected by COVID-19 during pregnancy, which was used to develop the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists' (RCOG) guidelines on COVID-19 infection in pregnancy. Searches were conducted in PubMed and MedRxiv to identify primary case reports, case series, observational studies and randomized controlled trials describing women affected by coronavirus in pregnancy. Data were extracted from relevant papers. This review has been used to develop guidelines with representatives of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) and RCOG who provided expert consensus on areas in which data were lacking. From 9965 search results in PubMed and 600 in MedRxiv, 21 relevant studies, all of which were case reports or case series, were identified. From reports of 32 women to date affected by COVID-19 in pregnancy, delivering 30 babies (one set of twins, three ongoing pregnancies), seven (22%) were asymptomatic and two (6%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), one of whom remained on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. No maternal deaths have been reported to date. Delivery was by Cesarean section in 27 cases and by vaginal delivery in two, and 15 (47%) delivered preterm. There was one stillbirth and one neonatal death. In 25 babies, no cases of vertical transmission were reported; 15 were reported as being tested with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction after delivery. Case fatality rates for SARS and MERS were 15% and 27%, respectively. SARS was associated with miscarriage or intrauterine death in five cases, and fetal growth restriction was noted in two ongoing pregnancies affected by SARS in the third trimester. Serious morbidity occurred in 2/32 women with COVID-19, both of whom required ICU care. Compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 appears less lethal, acknowledging the limited number of cases reported to date and that one woman remains in a critical condition. Preterm delivery affected 47% of women hospitalized with COVID-19, which may put considerable pressure on neonatal services if the UK's reasonable worst-case scenario of 80% of the population being affected is realized. Based on this review, RCOG, in consultation with RCPCH, developed guidance for delivery and neonatal care in pregnancies affected by COVID-19, which recommends that delivery mode be determined primarily by obstetric indication and recommends against routine separation of affected mothers and their babies. We hope that this review will be helpful for maternity and neonatal services planning their response to COVID-19. \u00a9 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology."}, {"pmid": 32398892, "pmcid": "PMC7214848", "title": "Challenges facing the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: lessons from short food supply systems.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Preiss, Potira V"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398892", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427582, "title": "Clinical and pathological investigation of severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "JCI Insight", "authors": ["Li, Shaohua", "Jiang, Lina", "Li, Xi", "Lin, Fang", "Wang, Yijin", "Li, Boan", "Jiang, Tianjun", "An, Weimin", "Liu, Shuhong", "Liu, Hongyang", "Xu, Pengfei", "Zhao, Lihua", "Zhang, Lixin", "Mu, Jinsong", "Wang, Hongwei", "Kang, Jiarui", "Li, Yan", "Huang, Lei", "Zhu, Caizhong", "Zhao, Shousong", "Lu, Jiangyang", "Ji, Junsheng", "Zhao, Jingmin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427582", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic. This study addressed the clinical and immunopathological characteristics of severe COVID-19. Sixty-nine COVID-19 patients were classified into as severe and non-severe groups to analyze their clinical and laboratory characteristics. A panel of blood cytokines was quantified over time. Biopsy specimens from two deceased cases were obtained for immunopathological, ultrastructural, and in situ hybridization examinations. Circulating cytokines, including IL8, IL6, TNF\u03b1, IP10, MCP1, and RANTES, were significantly elevated in severe COVID-19 patients. Dynamic IL6 and IL8 were associated with disease progression. SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated to infect type II, type I pneumocytes and endothelial cells, leading to severe lung damage through cell pyroptosis and apoptosis. In severe cases, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and massive macrophage and neutrophil infiltrates were observed in both blood and lung tissues. A panel of circulating cytokines could be used to predict disease deterioration and inform clinical interventions. Severe pulmonary damage was predominantly attributed to both SARS-CoV-2 caused cytopathy and immunopathologic damage. Strategies that encourage pulmonary recruitment and overactivation of inflammatory cells by suppressing cytokine storm might improve the outcomes of severe COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32496506, "title": "Alternatives to Invasive Ventilation in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Patel, Bhakti K", "Kress, John P", "Hall, Jesse B"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496506", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518808, "pmcid": "PMC7270867", "title": "Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Anales de Pediatria.", "journal": "An Pediatr (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Rey Galan, Corsino", "Manrique de Lara, Laia Alsina", "Anton Gamero, Montserrat", "Cano Garcinuno, Alfredo", "Solis Sanchez, Gonzalo"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518808", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506785, "title": "Comparative analysis of perceived stress in dermatologists and other physicians during home-quarantine and COVID-19 pandemic with exploration of possible risk factors- A web-based cross-sectional study from Eastern India.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Podder, Indrashis", "Agarwal, Komal", "Datta, Subhendu"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506785", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the declaration of COVID-19 as global pandemic, several countries including India have enforced a national quarantine.We aimed to compare the perceived stress of Dermatologists and non-dermatologists, due to quarantine and COVID-19 pandemic and analyze the role of possible risk-factors. We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study to determine the perceived stress of doctors using the Perceived stress scale-10 and evaluate possible risk-factors. Among 384 valid responders,we had 37.5% dermatologists and 62.5% non-dermatologists. Perceived stress was more in non-dermatologists compared to dermatologists, but not statistically significant (P\u00a0=\u00a00.1). Degree of stress was also comparable (P\u00a0=\u00a00.5). Higher stress was significantly associated with females and unmarried individuals in both groups. Risk of infecting self or colleagues or family members and lack of protective gear at work-place were top causes of stress. Perceived stress is increased in all doctors due to COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine. Even dermatologists have developed high-stress due to current situation, comparable to non-dermatologists, despite being traditionally considered an out-patient speciality with minimum stress. Thus, proper mental health care policies should be adopted for all doctors, including dermatologists. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32279694, "pmcid": "PMC7205548", "title": "Covid-19 and the N95 respirator shortage: Closing the gap.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Nogee, Daniel", "Tomassoni, Anthony J"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279694", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to extreme shortages of personal protective equipment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, many healthcare workers will be forced to recycle protective masks intended for disposal after a single use. We propose investigating the use of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation to sterilize masks of SARS-CoV-2 for safer reuse."}, {"pmid": 32346682, "pmcid": "PMC7118362", "title": "The New Challenge of Geriatrics: Saving Frail Older People from the SARS-COV-2 Pandemic Infection.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Landi, F", "Barillaro, C", "Bellieni, A", "Brandi, V", "Carfi, A", "D'Angelo, M", "Fusco, D", "Landi, G", "Lo Monaco, R", "Martone, A M", "Marzetti, E", "Pagano, F", "Pais, C", "Russo, A", "Salini, S", "Tosato, M", "Tummolo, A", "Benvenuto, F", "Bramato, G", "Catalano, L", "Ciciarello, F", "Martis, I", "Rocchi, S", "Rota, E", "Salerno, A", "Tritto, M", "Sgadari, A", "Zuccala, G", "Bernabei, R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346682", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497751, "title": "Perspectives on how to navigate cancer surgery in the breast, head and neck, skin, and soft tissue tumor in limited-resource countries during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Anwar, Sumadi Lukman", "Harahap, Wirsma Arif", "Aryandono, Teguh"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapidly spreading coronavirus infection (COVID-19) worldwide has contracted all aspects of health systems. Developing countries that mostly have a weaker healthcare system and insufficient resources are likely to be the most hardly affected by the pandemic. Cancers are frequently diagnosed in late stages with higher case-fatality rates compared to those in high-income countries. Delayed diagnosis, lack of cancer awareness, low adherence to treatment, and unequal or limited access to treatment are among the challenging factors of cancer management in developing countries. Elective cancer surgeries are often considered to be postponed during COVID-19 pandemic to preserve valuable hospital resources such as personal protection equipment, hospital bed, intensive care unit capacity, and manpower to screen and treat the affected individuals. However, specific considerations to defer cancer surgery in developing countries might need to be carefully adjusted to counterbalance between preventing COVID-19 transmission and preserving patients 'long-term life expectancy and quality of life."}, {"pmid": 32518075, "title": "Preparing medical students for a pandemic: a systematic review of student disaster training programmes.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Ashcroft, James", "Byrne, Matthew H V", "Brennan, Peter A", "Davies, Richard Justin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify pandemic and disaster medicine-themed training programmes aimed at medical students and to assess whether these interventions had an effect on objective measures of disaster preparedness and clinical outcomes. To suggest a training approach that can be used to train medical students for the current COVID-19 pandemic. 23 studies met inclusion criteria assessing knowledge (n=18, 78.3%), attitude (n=14, 60.9%) or skill (n=10, 43.5%) following medical student disaster training. No studies assessed clinical improvement. The length of studies ranged from 1\u2009day to 28\u2009days, and the median length of training was 2\u2009days (IQR=1-14). Overall, medical student disaster training programmes improved student disaster and pandemic preparedness and resulted in improved attitude, knowledge and skills. 18 studies used pretest and post-test measures which demonstrated an improvement in all outcomes from all studies. Implementing disaster training programmes for medical students improves preparedness, knowledge and skills that are important for medical students during times of pandemic. If medical students are recruited to assist in the COVID-19 pandemic, there needs to be a specific training programme for them. This review demonstrates that medical students undergoing appropriate training could play an essential role in pandemic management and suggests a course and assessment structure for medical student COVID-19 training. The search strategy was not registered on PROSPERO-the international prospective register of systematic reviews-to prevent unnecessary delay."}, {"pmid": 32354748, "pmcid": "PMC7231547", "title": "Working from home in the time of covid-19: how to best preserve occupational health?", "journal": "Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Bouziri, Hanifa", "Smith, David R M", "Descatha, Alexis", "Dab, William", "Jean, Kevin"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354748", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404677, "pmcid": "PMC7268859", "title": "Maintaining Trauma Care Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Urban, Level-1 Trauma Center's Experience.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Coleman, Julia R", "Burlew, Clay Cothren", "Platnick, Kenneth B", "Campion, Eric", "Pieracci, Fredric", "Lawless, Ryan", "Werner, Nicole", "Coleman, Jamie", "Hoehn, Melanie", "Moore, Ernest E", "Cohen, Mitchell J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404677", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346678, "pmcid": "PMC7156792", "title": "Editorial: Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Gerontological Social Work.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Berg-Weger, M", "Morley, J E"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346678", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352523, "pmcid": "PMC7197547", "title": "Protecting healthcare workers from inhaled SARS-CoV-2 virus.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Cherrie, John W", "Loh, Miranda", "Aitken, Robert J"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352523", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475019, "title": "Pharmacokinetics of Favipiravir in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Transl Sci", "authors": ["Irie, Kei", "Nakagawa, Atsushi", "Fujita, Hirotoshi", "Tamura, Ryo", "Eto, Masaaki", "Ikesue, Hiroaki", "Muroi, Nobuyuki", "Tomii, Keisuke", "Hashida, Tohru"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475019", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been rapidly spreading worldwide and causing the respiratory illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The anti-retroviral drug favipiravir (FPV) has been experimentally used for COVID-19 treatment since March 2020 in Japan. However, the pharmacokinetics of FPV in critically ill patients is unknown. We measured the serum concentration of FPV using high-performance liquid chromatography in patients with severe COVID-19 who were admitted to the intensive care unit and placed on mechanical ventilation. The patients were administered 1600 mg of FPV twice daily on Day 1, followed by 600 mg twice daily from Day 2 to Day 5 (or more if needed). Suspensions of FPV tablets were administered through a nasogastric tube. Seven patients were enrolled in this study. Forty-nine blood samples were obtained from the eligible patients to evaluate FPV concentration. The FPV trough (after 8-12 h) concentrations of most samples were lower than the lower limit of quantification (1 \u00b5g/mL) and EC50 (9.7 \u00b5g/mL) against SARS-CoV-2 previously tested in vitro. FPV trough concentration in critically ill patients was much lower than that of healthy subjects in a previous clinical trial, which is a cause for great concern. Further study is required to determine the optimal strategy for treatment of patients with severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32333938, "pmcid": "PMC7195293", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Obesity hypoventilation syndrome and severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Huang, Jiao-Feng", "Wang, Xiao-Bo", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Liu, Wen-Yue", "Chen, Jun-Jie", "George, Jacob", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333938", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286863, "title": "COVID-19, Arrhythmic Risk and Inflammation: Mind the Gap!", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Lazzerini, Pietro Enea", "Boutjdir, Mohamed", "Capecchi, Pier Leopoldo"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286863", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341629, "pmcid": "PMC7179065", "title": "Can imaging impact the coronavirus pandemic?", "journal": "Indian J Radiol Imaging", "authors": ["Kohli, Anirudh"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341629", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484950, "title": "Amplification of human beta-glucuronidase gene for appraising the accuracy of negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results in upper respiratory tract specimens.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Albert, Eliseo", "Ferrer, Blanca", "Torres, Ignacio", "Serrano, Alicia", "Alcaraz, Maria J", "Buesa, Javier", "Solano, Carlos", "Colomina, Javier", "Bueno, Felipe", "Huntley, Dixie", "Olea, Beatriz", "Valdivia, Arantxa", "Navarro, David"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484950", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198754, "title": "Prepare to adapt: blood supply and transfusion support during the first 2 weeks of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic affecting Washington State.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Pagano, Monica B", "Hess, John R", "Tsang, Hamilton C", "Staley, Elizabeth", "Gernsheimer, Terry", "Sen, Nina", "Clark, Christine", "Nester, Theresa", "Bailey, Curt", "Alcorn, Kirsten"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198754", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first coronavirus (COVID-19) case was reported in United States in the state of Washington, approximately 3\u2009months after the outbreak in Wuhan, China. Three weeks later, the US federal government declared the pandemic a national emergency. The number of confirmed COVID-19 positive cases increased rather rapidly and changed routine daily activities of the community. This brief report describes the response from the hospital, the regional blood center, and the hospital-based transfusion services to the events that took place in the community during the initial phases of the pandemic. In Washington State, the first week of March started with four confirmed cases and ended with 150; by the end of the second week of March there were more than 700 cases of confirmed COVID-19. During the first week, blood donations dropped significantly. Blood units provided from blood centers of nonaffected areas of the country helped keep inventory stable and allow for routine hospital operations. The hospital-based transfusion service began prospective triaging of blood orders to monitor and prioritize blood usage. In the second week, blood donations recovered, and the hospital postponed elective procedures to ensure staff and personal protective equipment were appropriate for the care of critical patients. As community activities are disrupted and hospital activities switch from routine operations to pandemic focused and urgent care oriented, the blood supply and usage requires a number of transformations."}, {"pmid": 32294755, "title": "Tuberculosis and coronavirus: what do we know?", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia", "Goncalves Junior, Etereldes", "Dalcolmo, Margareth Maria Pretti"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294755", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292226, "pmcid": "PMC7129713", "title": "[Coronavirus: the geriatric emergency of 2020. Joint document of the Geriatric Cardiology Section of the Spanish Society of Cardiology and the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Bonanad, Clara", "Garcia-Blas, Sergio", "Tarazona-Santabalbina, Francisco Jose", "Diez-Villanueva, Pablo", "Ayesta, Ana", "Fores, Juan Sanchis", "Vidan-Austiz, Maite", "Formiga, Francesc", "Ariza-Sole, Albert", "Martinez-Selles, Manuel"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292226", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV2 infection, also known as COVID-19 (coronavirus infectious disease-19), was first identified in December 2019. In Spain, the first case of this infection was diagnosed on 31 January, 2020 and, by 30 March 2020, has caused 7340 deaths, especially in the elderly. Due to the rapidly evolving situation regarding this disease, the data reported in this article may be subject to modifications. The older population are particularly susceptible to COVID-19 infection and to developing severe disease. The higher morbidity and mortality rates in older people have been associated with comorbidity, especially cardiovascular disease, and frailty, which weakens the immune response. Due to both the number of affected countries and the number of cases, the current situation constitutes an ongoing pandemic and a major health emergency. Because Spain has one of the largest older populations in the world, COVID-19 has emerged as a geriatric emergency. This document has been prepared jointly between the Geriatric Cardiology Section of the Spanish Society of Cardiology and the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology."}, {"pmid": 32426812, "title": "Reduction of coronavirus burden with mass azithromycin distribution.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Doan, Thuy", "Hinterwirth, Armin", "Arzika, Ahmed M", "Worden, Lee", "Chen, Cindi", "Zhong, Lina", "Oldenburg, Catherine E", "Keenan, Jeremy D", "Lietman, Thomas M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426812", "countries": ["Niger"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We evaluated the potential antiviral effects of azithromycin on the nasopharyngeal virome of Nigerien children who had received multiple rounds of mass drug administration. We found that the respiratory burden of non-SARS coronaviruses was decreased with azithromycin distributions."}, {"pmid": 32501134, "title": "Dead body management amidst global pandemic of Covid-19.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Vidua, Raghvendra Kumar", "Duskova, Irena", "Bhargava, Daideepya C", "Chouksey, Vivek Kumar", "Parthasarathi, Parthsarthi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 has reached almost all the nations in the world. More and more people are dying from it and in some countries, even the army has been called upon to help dispose of the dead as there is a shortage of coffins, and undertakers are overwhelmed. Therefore, it is essential to have measures in place to contain the spread of infection while handling dead bodies. In view of this, different guidelines and protocols have been proposed bearing in mind the limited information we have about the virus. This review article sets them out for better reference."}, {"pmid": 32401179, "title": "Challenges and Concerns for Older Adults in India Regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Nagarkar, Aarti"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401179", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378390, "pmcid": "PMC7230428", "title": "Meta-analysis is not always the best way to round out a systematic review: a few thoughts prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic and \"spiced-up\" with an earthquake.", "journal": "Croat Med J", "authors": ["Trkulja, Vladimir", "Hrabac, Pero"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378390", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531533, "pmcid": "PMC7269934", "title": "Pandemics and social stigma: Who's next? Italy's experience with COVID-19.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Adja, K Y C", "Golinelli, D", "Lenzi, J", "Fantini, M P", "Wu, E"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531533", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437250, "title": "Home NO Therapy for COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Alvarez, Roger A", "Berra, Lorenzo", "Gladwin, Mark T"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437250", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32129925, "pmcid": "PMC7228268", "title": "Uncertainties about the transmission routes of 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Influenza Other Respir Viruses", "authors": ["Han, Qingmei", "Lin, Qingqing", "Ni, Zuowei", "You, Liangshun"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129925", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222186, "pmcid": "PMC7194929", "title": "Offline: COVID-19 and the NHS-\"a national scandal\".", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222186", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292630, "pmcid": "PMC7128200", "title": "Suggestions on the prevention of COVID-19 for health care workers in department of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery.", "journal": "World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Xu, Kai", "Lai, Xiaoquan", "Liu, Zheng"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292630", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented as a grim and complex situation recently. More than 77,000 cases of COVID-19 has been confirmed in China until February 25th, 2020, which are causing great impact on economy and society, as well as seriously interfering with ordinary medical practice in the department of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery. This article discussed medical precautions required in the clinic, inpatient ward and operation room of otorhinolaryngology head and neck department, which aims to protect health care workers from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32282390, "pmcid": "PMC7173086", "title": "Determining Urgent/Emergent status of Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopic Procedures in an Ambulatory Care Setting during the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Additional Factors that need to be considered.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Rah, Kang H", "Platovsky, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282390", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511066, "title": "Effect of Cancer on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Patient Data.", "journal": "JCO Glob Oncol", "authors": ["Giannakoulis, Vassilis G", "Papoutsi, Eleni", "Siempos, Ilias I"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511066", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Whether cancer is associated with worse prognosis among patients with COVID-19 is unknown. We aimed to quantify the effect (if any) of the presence as opposed to absence of cancer on important clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis. We systematically searched PubMed, medRxiv, COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19), and references of relevant articles up to April 27, 2020, to identify observational studies comparing patients with versus without cancer infected with COVID-19 and to report on mortality and/or need for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). We calculated pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs with a random-effects model. The meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020181531). A total of 32 studies involving 46,499 patients (1,776 patients with cancer) with COVID-19 from Asia, Europe, and the United States were included. All-cause mortality was higher in patients with versus those without cancer (2,034 deaths; RR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.07; P < .0001; 8 studies with 37,807 patients). The need for ICU admission was also more likely in patients with versus without cancer (3,220 events; RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.87; P < .0001; 26 studies with 15,375 patients). However, in a prespecified subgroup analysis of patients > 65 years of age, all-cause mortality was comparable between those with versus without cancer (915 deaths; RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.41; P = .71; 8 studies with 5,438 patients). The synthesized evidence suggests that cancer is associated with worse clinical outcomes among patients with COVID-19. However, elderly patients with cancer may not be at increased risk of death when infected with COVID-19. These findings may inform discussions of clinicians with patients about prognosis and may guide health policies."}, {"pmid": 32167816, "title": "Using public health law to contain the spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Griffith, Richard"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167816", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, considers what powers are available to ministers, health and local authorities to minimise the spread of the novel coronavirus and the disease it causes."}, {"pmid": 32382213, "pmcid": "PMC7203062", "title": "The scientific literature on Coronaviruses, COVID-19 and its associated safety-related research dimensions: A scientometric analysis and scoping review.", "journal": "Saf Sci", "authors": ["Haghani, Milad", "Bliemer, Michiel C J", "Goerlandt, Floris", "Li, Jie"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382213", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic has generated an abundance of research quickly following the outbreak. Within only a few months, more than a thousand studies on this topic have already appeared in the scientific literature. In this short review, we analyse the bibliometric aspects of these studies on a macro level, as well as those addressing Coronaviruses in general. Furthermore, through a scoping analysis of the literature on COVID-19, we identify the main safety-related dimensions that these studies have thus far addressed. Our findings show that across various research domains, and apart from the medical and clinical aspects such as the safety of vaccines and treatments, issues related to patient transport safety, occupational safety of healthcare professionals, biosafety of laboratories and facilities, social safety, food safety, and particularly mental/psychological health and domestic safety have thus far attracted most attention of the scientific community in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis also uncovers various potentially significant safety problems caused by this global health emergency which currently have attracted only limited scientific focus but may warrant more attention. These include matters such as cyber safety, economic safety, and supply-chain safety. These findings highlight why, from an academic research perspective, a holistic interdisciplinary approach and a collective scientific effort is required to help understand and mitigate the various safety impacts of this crisis whose implications reach far beyond the bio-medical risks. Such holistic safety-scientific understanding of the COVID-19 crisis can furthermore be instrumental to be better prepared for a future pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32105045, "title": "The coronavirus epidemic will reach Norway.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Aavitsland, Preben"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105045", "countries": ["Norway"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291254, "title": "Covid-19: Death rate in England and Wales reaches record high because of covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291254", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329593, "title": "Telemedicine from research to practice during the pandemic. \"Instant paper from the field\" on rehabilitation answers to the Covid-19 emergency.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Negrini, Stefano", "Kiekens, Carlotte", "Bernetti, Andrea", "Capecci, Marianna", "Ceravolo, Maria Gabriella", "Lavezzi, Susanna", "Zampolini, Mauro", "Boldrini, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329593", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 pandemic is creating collateral damage to outpatients, whose rehabilitation services have been disrupted in most of the European countries. Telemedicine has been advocated as a possible solution. This paper reports the contents of the third Italian Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (SIMFER) webinar on \"experiences from the field\" Covid-19 impact on rehabilitation (\"Covinars\"). It provides readily available, first-hand information about the application of telemedicine in rehabilitation. The experiences reported were very different for population (number and health conditions), interventions, professionals, service payment, and technologies used. Commonalities included the pushing need due to the emergency, previous experiences, and a dynamic research and innovation environment. Lights included feasibility, results, reduction of isolation, cost decrease, stimulation to innovation, satisfaction of patients, families, and professionals beyond the starting diffidence. Shadows included that telemedicine can integrate but will never substitute face-to-face rehabilitation base on the encounter among human beings; age, and technology barriers (devices absence, bad connection and human diffidence) have also been reported. Possible issues included privacy and informed consent, payments, cultural difficulties in understanding that telemedicine is a real rehabilitation intervention. There was a final agreement that this experience will be incorporated by participants in their future services: technology is ready, but the real challenge is to change PRM physicians' and patients' habits, while better specific regulation is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32501120, "title": "Analysis of COVID-19 transmission: Low risk of presymptomatic spread?", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Slifka, Mark K", "Messer, William B", "Amanna, Ian J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501120", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508107, "title": "The Role of Palliative Care in Caring for the Families of Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Hosp Palliat Care", "authors": ["Bakar, Melissa", "Capano, Elizabeth", "Patterson, Melissa", "McIntyre, Brooke", "Walsh, Chaplain Jean"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508107", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In palliative care, we strive to provide care to the whole patient. When we think about the whole patient, we include the people who are important in our patients' lives. Our New York City-based palliative care team has found that caring for patients' loved ones has proven to be an even more important aspect of the care we have provided during the COVID epidemic. In this article, we describe the multicomponenet interdisciplinary interventions we have implemented to enhance our ability to create a therapeutic alliance with family members and facilitate the provision of goal concordant care to patients with COVID during this extremely difficult time."}, {"pmid": 32271125, "pmcid": "PMC7196360", "title": "Diabetes and the COVID-19 Pandemic: How Insights from Recent Experience Might Guide Future Management.", "journal": "Metab Syndr Relat Disord", "authors": ["Stoian, Anca Pantea", "Banerjee, Yajnavalka", "Rizvi, Ali A", "Rizzo, Manfredi"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271125", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492353, "title": "Preparing for COVID-19 Related Drug Shortages.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Shuman, Andrew G", "Fox, Erin", "Unguru, Yoram"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492353", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473236, "pmcid": "PMC7255109", "title": "Ethnicity profiles of COVID-19 admissions and outcomes.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Kakkar, Dr Nishchay", "Dunphy, Dr Jessica", "Raza, Dr Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473236", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340562, "pmcid": "PMC7232885", "title": "A molecular modeling approach to identify effective antiviral phytochemicals against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Islam, Rajib", "Parves, Md Rimon", "Paul, Archi Sundar", "Uddin, Nizam", "Rahman, Md Sajjadur", "Mamun, Abdulla Al", "Hossain, Md Nayeem", "Ali, Md Ackas", "Halim, Mohammad A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340562", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the important targets to design and develop antiviral drugs. In this study, we have selected 40 antiviral phytochemicals to find out the best candidates which can act as potent inhibitors against the main protease. Molecular docking is performed using AutoDock Vina and GOLD suite to determine the binding affinities and interactions between the phytochemicals and the main protease. The selected candidates strongly interact with the key Cys145 and His41 residues. To validate the docking interactions, 100\u2009ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on the five top-ranked inhibitors including hypericin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, baicalin, glabridin, and \u03b1-ketoamide-11r are performed. Principal component analysis (PCA) on the MD simulation discloses that baicalin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, and \u03b1-ketoamide-11r have structural similarity with the apo-form of the main protease. These findings are also strongly supported by root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (Rg), and solvent accessible surface area (SASA) investigations. PCA is also used to find out the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) for pattern recognition of the best ligands. Multiple linear regression (MLR) of QSAR reveals the R2 value of 0.842 for the training set and 0.753 for the test set. Our proposed MLR model can predict the favorable binding energy compared with the binding energy detected from molecular docking. ADMET analysis demonstrates that these candidates appear to be safer inhibitors. Our comprehensive computational and statistical analysis show that these selected phytochemicals can be used as potential inhibitors against the SARS-CoV-2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32271596, "title": "Co-infection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Influenza A: A Report from Iran.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Khodamoradi, Zohre", "Moghadami, Mohsen", "Lotfi, Mehrzad"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271596", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, a viral pneumonia known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated from China and spread very rapidly in the world. Since then, COVID-19 has become a global concern and health problem. We present four patients in this study, selected from among patients who presented with pneumonia symptoms and were suspicious for COVID-19. They were referred to the intended centers for COVID-19 diagnosis and management of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in southern Iran. Two nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal throat swab samples were collected from each patient and tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using real-time reverse-transcriptase- polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR). The samples were also tested for influenza viruses and the complete respiratory panel. In the present report, four patients were diagnosed in the starting days of COVID-19 disease in our center in southern Iran with co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus. This co-infection of COVID-19 and influenza A highlights the importance of considering SARS-CoV-2 PCR assay regardless of other positive findings for other pathogens in the primary test during the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32353746, "pmcid": "PMC7177070", "title": "Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Lodigiani, Corrado", "Iapichino, Giacomo", "Carenzo, Luca", "Cecconi, Maurizio", "Ferrazzi, Paola", "Sebastian, Tim", "Kucher, Nils", "Studt, Jan-Dirk", "Sacco, Clara", "Alexia, Bertuzzi", "Sandri, Maria Teresa", "Barco, Stefano"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353746", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few data are available on the rate and characteristics of thromboembolic complications in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We studied consecutive symptomatic patients with laboratory-proven COVID-19 admitted to a university hospital in Milan, Italy (13.02.2020-10.04.2020). The primary outcome was any thromboembolic complication, including venous thromboembolism (VTE), ischemic stroke, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/myocardial infarction (MI). Secondary outcome was overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We included 388 patients (median age 66\u00a0years, 68% men, 16% requiring intensive care [ICU]). Thromboprophylaxis was used in 100% of ICU patients and 75% of those on the general ward. Thromboembolic events occurred in 28 (7.7% of closed cases; 95%CI 5.4%-11.0%), corresponding to a cumulative rate of 21% (27.6% ICU, 6.6% general ward). Half of the thromboembolic events were diagnosed within 24\u00a0h of hospital admission. Forty-four patients underwent VTE imaging tests and VTE was confirmed in 16 (36%). Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was performed in 30 patients, corresponding to 7.7% of total, and pulmonary embolism was confirmed in 10 (33% of CTPA). The rate of ischemic stroke and ACS/MI was 2.5% and 1.1%, respectively. Overt DIC was present in 8 (2.2%) patients. The high number of arterial and, in particular, venous thromboembolic events diagnosed within 24\u00a0h of admission and the high rate of positive VTE imaging tests among the few COVID-19 patients tested suggest that there is an urgent need to improve specific VTE diagnostic strategies and investigate the efficacy and safety of thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32468744, "title": "Wuhan Coronavirus (Covid-19): Yet Another Bat Virus Zoonotic.", "journal": "J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad", "authors": ["Abbasi, Munir Ahmad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468744", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201439, "pmcid": "PMC7074432", "title": "Therapeutic options for the treatment of 2019-novel coronavirus: An evidence-based approach.", "journal": "Indian J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Sarma, Phulen", "Prajapat, Manisha", "Avti, Pramod", "Kaur, Hardeep", "Kumar, Subodh", "Medhi, Bikash"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201439", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398306, "pmcid": "PMC7236834", "title": "The Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) Scale: a tool to measure functional status over time after COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Klok, F A", "Boon, G J A M", "Barco, S", "Endres, M", "Geelhoed, J J M", "Knauss, S", "Rezek, S A", "Spruit, M A", "Vehreschild, J", "Siegerink, B"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325065, "pmcid": "PMC7169931", "title": "Management of upper GI bleeding in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Cavaliere, Kimberly", "Levine, Calley", "Wander, Praneet", "Sejpal, Divyesh V", "Trindade, Arvind J"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325065", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329920, "pmcid": "PMC7264600", "title": "The care of patients with Duchenne, Becker, and other muscular dystrophies in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Veerapandiyan, Aravindhan", "Wagner, Kathryn R", "Apkon, Susan", "McDonald, Craig M", "Mathews, Katherine D", "Parsons, Julie A", "Wong, Brenda L", "Eichinger, Katy", "Shieh, Perry B", "Butterfield, Russell J", "Rao, Vamshi K", "Smith, Edward C", "Proud, Crystal M", "Connolly, Anne M", "Ciafaloni, Emma"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329920", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the reorganization of health-care settings affecting clinical care delivery to patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DBMD) as well as other inherited muscular dystrophies. The magnitude of the impact of this public health emergency on the care of patients with DBMD is unclear as they are suspected of having an increased risk for severe manifestations of COVID-19. In this article, the authors discuss their consensus recommendations pertaining to care of these patients during the pandemic. We address issues surrounding corticosteroid and exon-skipping treatments, cardiac medications, hydroxychloroquine use, emergency/respiratory care, rehabilitation management, and the conduct of clinical trials. We highlight the importance of collaborative treatment decisions between the patient, family, and health-care provider, considering any geographic or institution-specific policies and precautions for COVID-19. We advocate for continuing multidisciplinary care for these patients using telehealth."}, {"pmid": 32376670, "title": "Covid-19: the challenge of patient rehabilitation after intensive care.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Thornton, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376670", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447034, "pmcid": "PMC7242183", "title": "The simulation-CT: Radiotherapy's useful tool in the race against COVID-19 pandemic. A serendipity approach.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Vitullo, Angelo", "De Santis, Maria Carmen", "Marchiano, Alfonso", "Valdagni, Riccardo", "Lozza, Laura"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447034", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499358, "title": "Complete Genome Sequence of a SARS-CoV-2 Strain Isolated in Northern Germany.", "journal": "Microbiol Resour Announc", "authors": ["Pfefferle, Susanne", "Huang, Jiabin", "Norz, Dominik", "Indenbirken, Daniela", "Lutgehetmann, Marc", "Oestereich, Lisa", "Gunther, Thomas", "Grundhoff, Adam", "Aepfelbacher, Martin", "Fischer, Nicole"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499358", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here, we describe the complete genome sequence of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain isolated from an oropharyngeal swab sample from a female patient with COVID-19 who was infected in Hamburg, northern Germany."}, {"pmid": 32333200, "pmcid": "PMC7181107", "title": "[COVID-19 and pain-call for papers].", "journal": "Schmerz", "authors": ["Radbruch, Lukas", "Schaible, Hans-Georg"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333200", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419053, "pmcid": "PMC7230135", "title": "Development and characterization of 20 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the white-bellied pangolin Phataginus tricuspis (Mammalia, Pholidota).", "journal": "Mol Biol Rep", "authors": ["Aguillon, Samantha", "Din Dipita, Alain", "Lecompte, Emilie", "Missoup, Alain Didier", "Tindo, Maurice", "Gaubert, Philippe"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419053", "countries": ["Cameroon"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pangolins, or scaly anteaters, have recently been flagshiped as one of the most illegally traded mammals, and as a corollary, as potential intermediate hosts at the origin of the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to improve the traceability of their trade, we developed 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the white-bellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis), the species most frequently found on African bushmeat markets. We genotyped 24 white-bellied pangolins from the Douala market, Cameroon, originating from the Ebo forest c. 75\u00a0km north-east of Douala. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 12 (mean\u2009=\u20096.95), and mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.592 (0.208-0.875) and 0.671 (0.469-0.836), respectively. Genetic diversity was higher than that cross-estimated from microsatellite loci developed for other species of pangolins. Two loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and two loci showed linkage disequilibrium. Genetic variance (PCoA) was increased with the addition of 13 pangolins of unknown origin, possibly suggesting that the Douala market is fed from differentiated source populations of white-bellied pangolins. Each of the 37 individuals had a unique multilocus genotype. The unbiased probability of identity (uPI) and the probability of identity among siblings (PIsibs) were both very low (uPI\u2009=\u20098.443 e-21; PIsibs\u2009=\u20091.011 e-07). Only five microsatellite loci were needed to reach the conservative value of PIsibs\u2009<\u20090.01, overall indicating a powerful discriminating power of our combined loci. These 20 newly developed microsatellite loci might prove useful in tracing the local-to-global trade of the white-bellied pangolin, and will hopefully contribute to the DNA-assisted implementation of future conservation strategies at reasonable costs."}, {"pmid": 32437823, "pmcid": "PMC7211623", "title": "Infection control challenge in setting up a temporary test centre at Hong Kong International Airport for rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Wong, S-C", "Leung, M", "Lee, L L-Y", "Chung, K-L", "Cheng, V C-C"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437823", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439306, "pmcid": "PMC7162773", "title": "Management and Treatment of COVID-19: The Chinese Experience.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Peng, Fujun", "Tu, Lei", "Yan, Yongshi", "Hu, Peng", "Wang, Runsheng", "Hu, Qinyong", "Cao, Feng", "Jiang, Taijiao", "Sun, Jinlyu", "Xu, Guogang", "Chang, Christopher"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439306", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With more than 1,800,000 cases and 110,000 deaths globally, COVID-19 is one of worst infectious disease outbreaks in history. This paper provides a critical review of the available evidence regarding the lessons learned from the Chinese experience with COVID-19 prevention and management. The steps that have led to a near disappearance of new cases in China included rapid sequencing of the virus to establish testing kits, which allowed tracking of infected persons in and out of Wuhan. In addition, aggressive quarantine measures included the complete isolation of Wuhan and then later Hubei Province and the rest of the country, as well as closure of all schools and nonessential businesses. Other measures included the rapid construction of two new hospitals and the establishment of \"Fangcang\" shelter hospitals. In the absence of a vaccine, the management of COVID-19 included antivirals, high-flow oxygen, mechanical ventilation, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, interferons, intravenous immunoglobulin, and convalescent plasma infusions. These measures appeared to provide only moderate success. Although some measures have been supported by weak descriptive data, their effectiveness is still unclear pending well controlled clinical trials. In the end, it was the enforcement of drastic quarantine measures that stopped SARS-CoV-2 from spreading. The earlier the implementation, the less likely resources will be depleted. The most critical factors in stopping a pandemic are early recognition of infected individuals, carriers, and contacts and early implementation of quarantine measures with an organised, proactive, and unified strategy at a national level. Delays result in significantly higher death tolls."}, {"pmid": 32408842, "title": "Global oncology pharmacy response to COVID-19 pandemic: Medication access and safety.", "journal": "J Oncol Pharm Pract", "authors": ["Alexander, Marliese", "Jupp, Jennifer", "Chazan, Grace", "O'Connor, Shaun", "Chan, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408842", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Response, action, and adaptation of the way health services are delivered will impact our ability to provide optimized and continuity of care while acting within resource constraints imposed by COVID-19. Care for patients with cancer is particularly important given increased infection rates and worse outcomes from COVID-19 in this patient population, as well as potential adverse outcomes if treatment pathways need to be compromised. In this commentary, we provide a global oncology pharmacy perspective (including both developed and developing nations) on how COVID-19 has impacted access to and delivery of cancer therapies. This perspective was prepared by the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners, with input from national and regional oncology pharmacy practice groups (42 practice leaders from 28 countries and regions) who contributed to a snapshot survey between 10 and 22 April 2020. Specifically, we highlight challenges related to safe handling of hazardous drugs and maintaining high-quality medication safety standards that have impacted various stakeholders."}, {"pmid": 32275190, "pmcid": "PMC7188028", "title": "Chronic Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Is High Among Intensive Care Unit Patients With Non-COVID-19 Sepsis but Carries a Moderately Increased Risk of Death.", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["Sunden-Cullberg, Jonas"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275190", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492753, "title": "Recovery from COVID-19 following Hepatitis C, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Liver Transplantation.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Muller, Helmut", "Kniepeiss, Daniela", "Stauber, Rudolf", "Schrem, Harald", "Rauter, Markus", "Krause, Robert", "Schemmer, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492753", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Immunosuppression and frequent comorbidities in transplant recipients potentially increase the risk of fatal outcomes of pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. A 1965 born male had suffered from haemophilia A. In the nineteen-seventies, he acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, probably via factor VIII supplementation, and in 1985 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Interferon-based HCV therapy resulted in a sustained virological response. Antiviral treatment with emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide/rilpivirin for HIV is ongoing since 2016. HIV suppression with repeatedly negative PCR results has been achieved."}, {"pmid": 32422062, "pmcid": "PMC7249560", "title": "Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Mackey, Katherine", "King, Valerie J", "Gurley, Susan", "Kiefer, Michael", "Liederbauer, Erik", "Vela, Kathryn", "Sonnen, Payten", "Kansagara, Devan"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422062", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in COVID-19 disease susceptibility, severity, and treatment is unclear. To evaluate, on an ongoing basis, whether use of ACEIs or ARBs either increases risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or is associated with worse COVID-19 disease outcomes, and to assess the efficacy of these medications for COVID-19 treatment. MEDLINE (Ovid) and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 2003 to 4 May 2020, with planned ongoing surveillance for 1 year; the World Health Organization database of COVID-19 publications and medRxiv.org through 17 April 2020; and ClinicalTrials.gov to 24 April 2020, with planned ongoing surveillance. Observational studies and trials in adults that examined associations and effects of ACEIs or ARBs on risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. Single-reviewer abstraction confirmed by another reviewer, independent evaluation by 2 reviewers of study quality, and collective assessment of certainty of evidence. Two retrospective cohort studies found that ACEI and ARB use was not associated with a higher likelihood of receiving a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 1 case-control study found no association with COVID-19 illness in a large community (moderate-certainty evidence). Fourteen observational studies, involving a total of 23\u00a0565 adults with COVID-19, showed consistent evidence that neither medication was associated with more severe COVID-19 illness (high-certainty evidence). Four registered randomized trials plan to evaluate ACEIs and ARBs for treatment of COVID-19. Half the studies were small and did not adjust for important confounding variables. High-certainty evidence suggests that ACEI or ARB use is not associated with more severe COVID-19 disease, and moderate-certainty evidence suggests no association between use of these medications and positive SARS-CoV-2 test results among symptomatic patients. Whether these medications increase the risk for mild or asymptomatic disease or are beneficial in COVID-19 treatment remains uncertain. None. (PROSPERO: registration number pending)."}, {"pmid": 32282425, "pmcid": "PMC7176265", "title": "Rapid COVID-19-related Clinical Adaptations and Unanticipated Risks.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Schrock, Charles R", "Montana, Michael C"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282425", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501754, "title": "Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Krishnan, Lakshmi", "Ogunwole, S Michelle", "Cooper, Lisa A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501754", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is exacting a disproportionate toll on ethnic minority communities and magnifying existing disparities in health care access and treatment. To understand this crisis, physicians and public health researchers have searched history for insights, especially from a great outbreak approximately a century ago: the 1918 influenza pandemic. However, of the accounts examining the 1918 influenza pandemic and COVID-19, only a notable few discuss race. Yet, a rich, broader scholarship on race and epidemic disease as a \"sampling device for social analysis\" exists. This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. This analysis reveals that critical structural inequities and health care gaps have historically contributed to and continue to compound disparate health outcomes among communities of color. Shifting from this context to the present, this article frames a discussion of racial health disparities through a resilience approach rather than a deficit approach and offers a blueprint for approaching the COVID-19 crisis and its afterlives through the lens of health equity."}, {"pmid": 32199072, "pmcid": "PMC7104294", "title": "COVID-19 in Italy: momentous decisions and many uncertainties.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Lazzerini, Marzia", "Putoto, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199072", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486847, "title": "Delivering healthcare at distance to cardiac patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences from clinical practice.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs", "authors": ["Klompstra, Leonie", "Jaarsma, Tiny"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486847", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425643, "pmcid": "PMC7233226", "title": "Association of inflammatory markers with the severity of COVID-19: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zeng, Furong", "Huang, Yuzhao", "Guo, Ying", "Yin, Mingzhu", "Chen, Xiang", "Xiao, Liang", "Deng, Guangtong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425643", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Studies reported associations of inflammatory markers with the severity of COVID-19, but conclusions were inconsistent. We aimed to provide an overview of the association of inflammatory markers with the severity of COVID-19. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database until March 20, 2020. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random or fixed-effects models. A total of 16 studies comprising 3962 patients with COVID-19 were included in our analysis. Random-effect results demonstrated that patients with COVID-19 in the nonsevere group had lower levels for CRP (WMD = -41.78 mg/l, 95% CI = [-52.43, -31.13], P < 0.001), PCT (WMD = -0.13 ng/ml, 95% CI = [-0.20, -0.05], P < 0.001), IL-6 (WMD = -21.32 ng/l, 95% CI = [-28.34, -14.31], P < 0.001), ESR (WMD = -8 mm/h, 95% CI = [-14, -2], P = 0.005), SAA (WMD = -43.35 \u03bcg/ml, 95% CI = [-80.85, -5.85], P = 0.020) and serum ferritin (WMD = -398.80 mg/l, 95% CI = [-625.89, -171.71], P < 0.001), compared with those in the severe group. Moreover, survivors had a lower level of IL-6 than non-survivors (WMD = -4.80 ng/ml, 95% CI = [-5.87, -3.73], P < 0.001). These results were consistent through sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment. The meta-analysis highlights the association of inflammatory markers with the severity of COVID-19. Measurement of inflammatory markers might assist clinicians to monitor and evaluate the severity and prognosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32505774, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 antibody characterization in emergency department, hospitalized and convalescent patients by two semi-quantitative immunoassays.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Sarina Yang, He", "Racine-Brzostek, Sabrina E", "Lee, William T", "Hunt, Danielle", "Yee, Jim", "Chen, Zhengming", "Kubiak, Jeffrey", "Cantu, Miguel", "Hatem, Layla", "Zhong, Elaine", "D'Ambrosio, Danielle", "Chadburn, Amy", "Westblade, Lars", "Glesby, Marshall", "Loda, Massimo", "Cushing, Melissa M", "Zhao, Zhen"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505774", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need for comprehensive performance evaluation and clinical utility assessment of serological assays to understand the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. IgM/IgG and total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured by a cyclic enhanced fluorescence assay (CEFA) and a microsphere immunoassay (MIA), respectively. Independent performance evaluation included imprecision, reproducibility, specificity and cross-reactivity (CEFA n=320, MIA n=364). Clinical utility was evaluated by both methods in 87 patients at initial emergency department visit, 28 during subsequent hospitalizations (106 serial samples), and 145 convalescent patients. Totally 916 patients and 994 samples were evaluated. Agreement of CEFA and MIA was 90.4%-94.5% (Kappa: 0.81-0.89) in 302 samples. CEFA and MIA detected SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 26.2% and 26.3%, respectively, of ED patients. Detection rates increased over time reaching 100% after 21 days post-symptom onset. Longitudinal antibody kinetic changes by CEFA and MIA measurements correlated well and exhibited three types of seroconversion. Convalescent sera showed a wide range of antibody levels. Rigorously validated CEFA and MIA assays are reliable for detecting antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and show promising clinical utility when evaluating immune response in hospitalized and convalescent patients, but are not useful for early screening at patient's initial ED visit."}, {"pmid": 32382744, "pmcid": "PMC7239106", "title": "Anti-TNF-alpha Agents in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Course of COVID-19.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Tursi, Antonio", "Vetrone, Lorenzo Maria", "Papa, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382744", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336565, "pmcid": "PMC7270581", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Lung Cancer: Current Clinical Context.", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Isea de la Vina, Jesus", "Ortega Granados, Ana Laura", "Alcazar-Navarrete, Bernardino"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336565", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379346, "pmcid": "PMC7267413", "title": "ACE2 activators for the treatment of COVID 19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Puertas, Rafael"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379346", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366598, "title": "Implementing a structured digital-based online pathology curriculum for trainees at the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Roy, Simon F", "Cecchini, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366598", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499538, "pmcid": "PMC7270740", "title": "Poor outcome in patients with acute leukemia on intensive chemotherapy and COVID-19.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Nunez-Torron, Claudia", "Garcia-Gutierrez, Valentin", "Tenorio-Nunez, Maria Concepcion", "Moreno-Jimenez, Gemma", "Lopez-Jimenez, Francisco Javier", "Herrera-Puente, Pilar"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499538", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240755, "pmcid": "PMC7165240", "title": "Home Care for Cancer Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Double Triage Protocol.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Porzio, Giampiero", "Cortellini, Alessio", "Bruera, Eduardo", "Verna, Lucilla", "Ravoni, Giulio", "Peris, Flaminia", "Spinelli, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with cancer have an increased risk of developing severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019, and patients with advanced cancer who are followed at home represent a particularly frail population. Although with substantial differences, the challenges that cancer care professionals have to face during a pandemic are quite similar to those posed by natural disasters. We have already managed the oncological home care service in L'Aquila (middle Italy) after the 2009 earthquake. With this letter, we want to share the procedures and tools that we have started using at the home care service of the Tuscany Tumor Association during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32528820, "pmcid": "PMC7282417", "title": "Early Trend of Imported COVID-19 Cases in South Korea.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528820", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to observe the initial trend of imported COVID-19 cases in South Korea since the beginning of the outbreak. All imported cases were classified into 5 regions (China, Asia, Europe, Africa, and America) according to travel history and potential exposure to the COVID-19. The list of countries for which confirmed cases had a travel history (single visit, multiple visits) and presented, were used to estimate the potential \"exposure countries\" of confirmed cases. For better understanding of the overall imported cases, time differences (day) among 3 major steps (symptom onset, entry to South Korea, laboratory confirmation) were measured based on available data. From the first importation of a COVID-19 case on January 20th, a total of 171 imported cases have been officially reported in South Korea as of March 23rd 2020. The overall trend of importation has significantly changed during this period. Importation of confirmed cases were initially from China, and subsequently from other Asian countries. After that, importation from Europe rapidly increased, with importation from America also increasing. One hundred fifteen (81%) were confirmed within 7 days of symptom onset. One Hundred forty three (84.1%) imported cases were confirmed within a week after entry into South Korea. One hundred seven imported cases (75.9%) developed symptoms within 5 days before or after, entry to South Korea. Streamlined processes of detection, subsequent testing, isolation, and treatment by public health authority, was key in minimizing the risk of secondary transmission."}, {"pmid": 32183930, "pmcid": "PMC7078829", "title": "Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship, Yokohama, Japan, 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Mizumoto, Kenji", "Kagaya, Katsushi", "Zarebski, Alexander", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183930", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 5 February 2020, in Yokohama, Japan, a cruise ship hosting 3,711 people underwent a 2-week quarantine after a former passenger was found with COVID-19 post-disembarking. As at 20 February, 634 persons on board tested positive for the causative virus. We conducted statistical modelling to derive the delay-adjusted asymptomatic proportion of infections, along with the infections' timeline. The estimated asymptomatic proportion was 17.9% (95% credible interval (CrI):\u200915.5-20.2%). Most infections occurred before the quarantine start."}, {"pmid": 32419771, "pmcid": "PMC7225708", "title": "[Epidemiological Aspects, Clinic And Control Mechanisms Of Sars-Cov-2pandemic: Situation In Spain].", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Garcia-Alamino, Josep M feminine"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419771", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, the Chinese authorities confirmed the causative agent of an outbreak of cases with pneumonia of unknown etiology that appeared in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) called COVID-19 is a new virus of the coronavirus family. On March 12, the WHO declared this outbreak as a pandemic as it spread worldwide. Human epidemics usually follow the start of exponential growth, this means that from a small number of cases in a few days, a large increase in the number of infected people is observed. The clinical manifestations and spectrum of symptomatic disease range from moderate to critical presentations. In cases with fatal progression, the most serious complications sometimes are cause of a multi-organ failure and patient death. SARS-CoV-2 has a high transmission rate, the route of transmission between humans is through the secretions of infected people, hands or contaminated objects. In general, the epidemic control measures used so far have been based on adoption of interventions from the classical epidemiology, identifying and isolating the cases, following the contacts and establishing restrictions, including quarantine, closure of educational centers, avoiding events in which crowds of people occur, limiting mobility. These measures have been effective in China, the original focus of the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32459169, "title": "[COVID-19 and The Invisible Damage: The Role of The Family Physician].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Gouveia, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459169", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501640, "title": "On the clinical psychologist's role in the time of COVID-19, with particular reference to experience gained in pediatric oncology.", "journal": "Psychooncology", "authors": ["Clerici, Carlo Alfredo", "Massimino, Maura", "Ferrari, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501640", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic seems to be developing into a planetary-scale mental health experiment, undermining the foundations of our being human, obliging us to keep physically apart from one another, and inducing us to see other people as a potential threat. In the world of pediatric oncology, we have found ourselves up against new challenges. In this article, we discuss the difficulties found in conducting psychological support sessions while complying with physical distancing rules, as well as wearing protective face masks, and even gloves; or while using modern remote communication telecommunications. The classic reasons behind requests for psychological support have been compounded by other, novel problems, such as: fewer relational resources for families at home, less chance to socialize, hospital stays with only one parent, the suspension of all teaching and group activities on the ward, economic difficulties caused by the pandemic, the rising levels of family conflictuality and generalized anxiety. It is essential to find new solutions that can be promptly implemented, reconfiguring the way we humanize our hospital wards."}, {"pmid": 32495067, "pmcid": "PMC7268966", "title": "The Efficacy of Lockdown Against COVID-19: A Cross-Country Panel Analysis.", "journal": "Appl Health Econ Health Policy", "authors": ["Alfano, Vincenzo", "Ercolano, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495067", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There has been much debate about the effectiveness of lockdown measures in containing COVID-19, and their appropriateness given the economic and social cost they entail. To the best of our knowledge, no existing contribution to the literature has attempted to gauge the effectiveness of lockdown measures over time in a longitudinal cross-country perspective. This paper aims to fill the gap in the literature by assessing, at an international level, the effect of lockdown measures (or the lack of such measures) on the numbers of new infections. Given this policy's expected change in effectiveness over time, we also measure the effect of having a lockdown implemented over a given number of days (from 7 to 20\u00a0days). We pursue our objectives by means of a quantitative panel analysis, building a longitudinal dataset with observations from countries all over the world, and estimating the impact of lockdown via feasible generalized least squares fixed effect, random effects, generalized estimating equation, and hierarchical linear models. Our results show that lockdown is effective in reducing the number of new cases in the countries that implement it, compared with those countries that do not. This is especially true around 10\u00a0days after the implementation of the policy. Its efficacy continues to grow up to 20\u00a0days after implementation. Results suggest that lockdown is effective in reducing the R0, i.e. the number of people infected by each infected person, and that, unlike what has been suggested in previous analyses, its efficacy continues to hold 20\u00a0days after the introduction of the policy."}, {"pmid": 32426374, "pmcid": "PMC7203508", "title": "Cardiovascular Impairment in COVID-19: Learning From Current Options for Cardiovascular Anti-Inflammatory Therapy.", "journal": "Front Cardiovasc Med", "authors": ["Wang, Lun", "Zhang, Yang", "Zhang, Shuyang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426374", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, occurred in China and has currently led to a global pandemic. In addition to respiratory involvement, COVID-19 was also associated with significant multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Cardiovascular impairment has been observed and is now drawing growing attention. Cardiovascular protective strategies are urgent and of great significance to the overall prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Direct viral infection, cytokine storm, and aggravation of existing cardiovascular diseases were recognized as possible mechanisms of cardiovascular impairment in COVID-19. Hyperactivated inflammation plays an important role in all three mechanisms and is considered to be fundamental in the development of cardiovascular impairment and MODS in COVID-19. Therefore, in addition to conventional cardiovascular treatment, anti-inflammatory therapy is a reasonable strategy for severe cases to further enhance cardiovascular protection and potentially mitigate MODS. We reviewed the inflammatory features and current promising treatments of COVID-19 as well as cardiovascular anti-inflammatory therapies that have been verified in previous clinical trials with positive outcomes. We believe that targeting the central pathway (IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6), balancing the Th1 and Th2 response, and administering long-term anti-inflammatory therapy might be promising prospects to reduce cardiovascular impairment and even MODS during the acute and recovery phases of COVID-19. The cardiovascular anti-inflammatory therapies might be of great application value to the management of COVID-19 patients and we further propose an algorithm for the selection of anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19 patients with or at high risk of cardiovascular impairment. We recommend to take the experiences in cardiovascular anti-inflammatory therapy as references in the management of COVID-19 and conduct related clinical trials, while the clinical translation of novel treatments from preclinical studies or in vitro drug screening should proceed with caution due to unguaranteed efficacy and safety profiles."}, {"pmid": 32444387, "title": "Covid-19: Delaying school reopening by two weeks would halve risks to children, says iSAGE.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444387", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32112336, "pmcid": "PMC7090695", "title": "Management strategies of neonatal jaundice during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Ma, Xiao-Lu", "Chen, Zheng", "Zhu, Jia-Jun", "Shen, Xiao-Xia", "Wu, Ming-Yuan", "Shi, Li-Ping", "Du, Li-Zhong", "Fu, Jun-Fen", "Shu, Qiang"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112336", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV) has become a most challenging health emergency. Owing to rigorous quarantine and control measures taken in China, routine neonatal health surveillance and follow-up have\u00a0become challenging. Without follow-up surveillance, some rapid\u00a0and progressive newborn diseases, such as bilirubin encephalopathy, may be ignored. The characteristics of onset age of kernicterus suggest that monitoring of bilirubin level at home provides a useful way to alert hospital visits and to\u00a0prevent the development of extremely hyperbilirubinemia. Therefore, we developed an online follow-up program for convenient monitoring of\u00a0bilirubin level of newborns\u00a0that is based on our practical experiences. The aim is to make our management strategies of neonatal jaundice tailored to the infection prevention and control during the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32421108, "pmcid": "PMC7225722", "title": "Analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the correlations between crude oil and agricultural futures.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Wang, Jian", "Shao, Wei", "Kim, Junseok"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421108", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, we explored the impact of COVID-19 on the cross-correlations between crude oil and agricultural futures markets. A multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-DCCA) approach was utilized to analyze the cross-correlations between the Brent crude oil and agricultural futures such as London Sugar, London Wheat, USA Cotton #2, and USA Orange Juice futures. We initially confirmed their correlations by calculating the DCCA coefficient. Then, from the multifractal aspect, the cross-correlations were further explored, and the sources for forming the correlations were discussed. The results show that the Brent Crude Oil has the strongest cross-correlation with London Sugar Future market among other three agricultural future markets. Then we investigated the influence of COVID-19 on the cross-correlations of multifractality between crude oil and agricultural futures. The experimental results indicated that the persistence under the influence of COVID-19 became stronger, and the cross-correlations of multifractality between crude oil and sugar future market is the strongest. In addition, the cross-correlations of all the agricultural futures increased after the emergence of COVID-19 except the orange juice future market. In general, COVID-19 has a great impact on the cross-correlation of multifractal property between crude oil and most selected agricultural future markets."}, {"pmid": 32399903, "pmcid": "PMC7216120", "title": "[The \"Historic Study\" SOLIDARITY-Research's Answer to the Sars-CoV-2 Pandemic].", "journal": "NTM", "authors": ["Gadebusch Bondio, Mariacarla", "Marloth, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399903", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper is part of Forum COVID-19: Perspectives in the Humanities and Social Sciences. The novel coronavirus (Sars-CoV-2) poses a\u00a0huge challenge to the world community. Knowledge about the virus and its properties is limited, but there is a\u00a0great need to base political and medical decisions on scientific knowledge. This situation is leading to a\u00a0dynamization of research. A\u00a0prominent example of such a\u00a0development is SOLIDARITY. The epistemological dimensions of this trial, which is coordinated by the WHO, and the resulting ethical implications are discussed in this article."}, {"pmid": 32270412, "pmcid": "PMC7138953", "title": "Ultrarapid diagnosis, microscope imaging, genome sequencing, and culture isolation of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Colson, Philippe", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "Baudoin, Jean-Pierre", "Bou Khalil, Jacques", "La Scola, Bernard", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270412", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432898, "title": "Reply to: Are COVID-19 Patients Dying of or with Cardiac Injury?", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Du, Yingzhen", "Wang, Xi", "Chang, Christopher", "Zhu, Pingjun", "Tu, Lei", "Hu, Qinyong", "Jin, Yang", "Xu, Guogang"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432898", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32197059, "title": "Early Introduction of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 into Europe.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Olsen, Sonja J", "Chen, Meng-Yu", "Liu, Yu-Lun", "Witschi, Mark", "Ardoin, Alexis", "Calba, Clementine", "Mathieu, Pauline", "Masserey, Virginie", "Maraglino, Francesco", "Marro, Stefano", "Penttinen, Pasi", "Robesyn, Emmanuel", "Pukkila, Jukka"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197059", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Europe were detected in travelers from Wuhan, China, in January 2020. In 1 tour group, 5 of 30 members were ill; 3 cases were laboratory confirmed. In addition, a healthcare worker was infected. This event documents early importation and subsequent spread of the virus in Europe."}, {"pmid": 32342979, "pmcid": "PMC7197590", "title": "Association between regional selenium status and reported outcome of COVID-19 cases in China.", "journal": "Am J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Zhang, Jinsong", "Taylor, Ethan Will", "Bennett, Kate", "Saad, Ramy", "Rayman, Margaret P"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342979", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467051, "pmcid": "PMC7237948", "title": "Stigma Over COVID-19; New Conception Beyond Individual Sense.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Badrfam, Rahim", "Zandifar, Atefeh"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467051", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32168464, "pmcid": "PMC7258458", "title": "Estimating Risk for Death from Coronavirus Disease, China, January-February 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mizumoto, Kenji", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32168464", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, when the first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was identified in the city of Wuhan in the Hubei Province of China, the epidemic has generated tens of thousands of cases throughout China. As of February 28, 2020, the cumulative number of reported deaths in China was 2,858. We estimated the time-delay adjusted risk for death from COVID-19 in Wuhan, as well as for China excluding Wuhan, to assess the severity of the epidemic in the country. Our estimates of the risk for death in Wuhan reached values as high as 12% in the epicenter of the epidemic and \u22481% in other, more mildly affected areas. The elevated death risk estimates are probably associated with a breakdown of the healthcare system, indicating that enhanced public health interventions, including social distancing and movement restrictions, should be implemented to bring the COVID-19 epidemic under control."}, {"pmid": 32387045, "pmcid": "PMC7252179", "title": "Liver Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy: an Effective and Feasible Alternative to Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Aitken, K", "Good, J", "Hawkins, M", "Grose, D", "Mukherjee, S", "Harrison, M", "Radhakrishna, G"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387045", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430141, "pmcid": "PMC7211632", "title": "[Gynecologic surgery in the era of COVID-19 - Recommendations for deconfinement].", "journal": "Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol", "authors": ["Canis, M", "Descamps, P", "Dubernard, G", "Estrade, J-P", "Mourtialon, P", "Fernandez, H"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504742, "title": "Is the conclusion available? Letter to the Editor concerning the study of Prof. Jin titled \"Clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women suspected of coronavirus disease 2019\".", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Xie, Han", "Ying, Hao"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504742", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32101510, "pmcid": "PMC7233399", "title": "Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Ai, Tao", "Yang, Zhenlu", "Hou, Hongyan", "Zhan, Chenao", "Chen, Chong", "Lv, Wenzhi", "Tao, Qian", "Sun, Ziyong", "Xia, Liming"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32101510", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Chest CT is used for diagnosis of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), as an important complement to the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests. Purpose To investigate the diagnostic value and consistency of chest CT as compared with comparison to RT-PCR assay in COVID-19. Methods From January 6 to February 6, 2020, 1014 patients in Wuhan, China who underwent both chest CT and RT-PCR tests were included. With RT-PCR as reference standard, the performance of chest CT in diagnosing COVID-19 was assessed. Besides, for patients with multiple RT-PCR assays, the dynamic conversion of RT-PCR results (negative to positive, positive to negative, respectively) was analyzed as compared with serial chest CT scans for those with time-interval of 4 days or more. Results Of 1014 patients, 59% (601/1014) had positive RT-PCR results, and 88% (888/1014) had positive chest CT scans. The sensitivity of chest CT in suggesting COVID-19 was 97% (95%CI, 95-98%, 580/601 patients) based on positive RT-PCR results. In patients with negative RT-PCR results, 75% (308/413) had positive chest CT findings; of 308, 48% were considered as highly likely cases, with 33% as probable cases. By analysis of serial RT-PCR assays and CT scans, the mean interval time between the initial negative to positive RT-PCR results was 5.1 \u00b1 1.5 days; the initial positive to subsequent negative RT-PCR result was 6.9 \u00b1 2.3 days). 60% to 93% of cases had initial positive CT consistent with COVID-19 prior (or parallel) to the initial positive RT-PCR results. 42% (24/57) cases showed improvement in follow-up chest CT scans before the RT-PCR results turning negative. Conclusion Chest CT has a high sensitivity for diagnosis of COVID-19. Chest CT may be considered as a primary tool for the current COVID-19 detection in epidemic areas."}, {"pmid": 32369320, "pmcid": "PMC7273936", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Gastroenterology Fellow Training in North America.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Mallon, Daniel", "Pohl, John F", "Phatak, Uma P", "Fernandes, Melissa", "Rosen, John M", "Lusman, Sarah S", "Nylund, Cade M", "Jump, Candi S", "Solomon, Aliza B", "Srinath, Arvind", "Singer, Andrew", "Harb, Rula", "Rodriguez-Baez, Norberto", "Buren, Kristin Lynette Whitfield Van", "Koyfman, Shifra", "Bhatt, Riha", "Rodriguez, Dellys M Soler", "Sivagnanam, Mamata", "Lee, Christine K"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369320", "countries": ["United States", "Canada", "Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed healthcare systems and training around the world. The Training Committee of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) sought to understand how COVID-19 has affected pediatric gastroenterology fellowship training. A 21 question survey was distributed to all 77 pediatric gastroenterology fellowship program directors (PDs) in the NASPGHAN program director database via email on April 7. Responses collected through April 19, 2020 were analyzed using descriptive statistics. 51/77 (66%) PDs from the United States, Canada and Mexico responded to the survey. 46/51 (90%) PDs reported that they were under a \"stay-at-home\" order for a median of 4 weeks at the time of the survey. 2/51 (4%) programs had fellows participating in outpatient telehealth prior to COVID-19 and 39/51 (76%) at the time of the survey. Fellows stopped participating in outpatient clinics in 22/51 (43%) programs and endoscopy in 26/51 (52%) programs. Changes to inpatient care included reduced fellow staffing, limiting who entered patient rooms, and rounding remotely. Fellows in 3 New York programs were deployed to adult medicine units. Didactics were moved to virtual conferences in 47/51 (94%) programs, and fellows utilized various online resources. Clinical research and, disproportionately, bench research were restricted. This report provides early information of the impact of COVID-19 on pediatric fellowship training. Rapid adoption of telehealth and reduced clinical and research experiences were important changes. Survey information may spur communication and innovation to help educators adapt."}, {"pmid": 32392490, "pmcid": "PMC7124156", "title": "What's next now that the WHO has declared a COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Vogel, Lauren"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392490", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466136, "title": "Towards Precision Medicine: Inclusion of Sex and Gender Aspects in COVID-19 Clinical Studies-Acting Now before It Is Too Late-A Joint Call for Action.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Bischof, Evelyne", "Oertelt-Prigione, Sabine", "Morgan, Rosemary", "Klein, Sabra L", "The Sex And Gender In Covid Clinical Trials Working Group Sgc", "Gender And Covid Working Group"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466136", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic is accelerating investigations for effective vaccines and repurposable validated therapeutics [...]."}, {"pmid": 32433010, "title": "SARS-CoV-2: The Path of Prevention and Control.", "journal": "Infect Disord Drug Targets", "authors": ["Mohamed, Amal A", "Mohamed, Nouran", "Mohamoud, Seham", "Zahran, Fawkia E", "Khattab, Rania Abdelmonem", "El-Damasy, Dalia Ali", "Alsayed, Eman", "Abd-Elsalam, Sherief"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433010", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) continues to expand worldwide. Although the number of cases and the death rate among children and adolescents are reported to be low compared to adults, limited data have been reported. We urgently need to find treatment and vaccine to stop the epidemic. Vaccine development is in progress, but any approved and effective vaccine for COVID-19 is at least 12 to 18 months. The World Health Organization (WHO), the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have issued instructions and strategies for containing COVID-19 outbreak to the general public, physicians, travelers and injured patients to follow so that the transmission to a healthy population can be prevented. In this review, we summarize demographic data, clinical characteristics, complications and outcomes and finally prevention and control of this serious pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32171062, "pmcid": "PMC7118626", "title": "Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Fang, Lei", "Karakiulakis, George", "Roth, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171062", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267566, "pmcid": "PMC7262278", "title": "Therapeutic Potential for Tetracyclines in the Treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharmacotherapy", "authors": ["Sodhi, Mohit", "Etminan, Mahyar"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267566", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467206, "pmcid": "PMC7241890", "title": "Last haircut in Amwaj: COVID-19 in Bahrain.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Misselbrook, David"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467206", "countries": ["Bahrain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496231, "title": "A science-based response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Muliyil, J P"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496231", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic behaves like many other viruses spread through respiratory routes. This is generally a mild disease for those aged less than 50 years. A complete and prolonged lockdown will reduce COVID-19 mortality but simultaneously lead to a graver public health, social, and economic disaster. The focus has to be based on the reality that exists in an area."}, {"pmid": 32420629, "title": "Evans syndrome in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Li, Monica", "Nguyen, Charles B", "Yeung, Zachary", "Sanchez, Katherine", "Rosen, Daniel", "Bushan, Sita"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420629", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evans syndrome (ES) is a rare condition characterized by the combination of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). While the precise pathophysiology is not entirely understood, it is believed that dysregulation of the immune system is a primary contributor to the condition. ES has been observed in viral infections including hepatitis C, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster, and Epstein-Barr viruses (1-4). Initial cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were first described in early December 2019 and has now spread to a global pandemic. While knowledge about COVID-19 continues to evolve, clinicians have reported hematologic complications associated with the virus."}, {"pmid": 32315124, "title": "Is COVID-19 the first pandemic that evolves into a panzootic?", "journal": "Vet Ital", "authors": ["Gollakner, Rania", "Capua, Ilaria"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315124", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic virus that has achieved community spread among humans and become a pandemic.\u00a0Transmission from humans to dogs, domestic cats, tigers, and lions has occurred. Pigs, cats, ferrets, and primates have been\u00a0identified as good candidates for susceptibility to\u00a0SARS-CoV-2. The potential implications\u00a0indicate the need for One Health surveillance, intervention, and management strategies to mitigate the effects on animal populations and prevent a second preparedness failure during this health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32447630, "pmcid": "PMC7245181", "title": "COVID-19 and the nervous system.", "journal": "J Neurovirol", "authors": ["Berger, Joseph R"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447630", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pandemic due to novel coronavirus arose in mid-December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and in 3\u00a0months' time swept the world. The disease has been referred to as COVID-19, and the causative agent has been labelled SARS-CoV-2 due to its genetic similarities to the virus (SARS-CoV-1) responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic nearly 20\u00a0years earlier. The spike proteins of both viruses dictate tissue tropism using the angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE-2) receptor to bind to cells. The ACE-2 receptor can be found in nervous system tissue and endothelial cells among the tissues of many other organs.Neurological complications have been observed with COVID-19. Myalgia and headache are relatively common, but serious neurological disease appears to be rare. No part of the neuraxis is spared. The neurological disorders occurring with COVID-19 may have many pathophysiological underpinnings. Some appear to be the consequence of direct viral invasion of the nervous system tissue, others arise as a postviral autoimmune process, and still others are the result of metabolic and systemic complications due to the associated critical illness. This review addresses the preliminary observations regarding the neurological disorders reported with COVID-19 to date and describes some of the disorders that are anticipated from prior experience with similar coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32371541, "pmcid": "PMC7253223", "title": "Covid-19 pandemic containment: following the example of military submariners.", "journal": "BMJ Mil Health", "authors": ["Bouillon-Minois, Jean-Baptiste", "Trousselard, M", "Dutheil, F"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371541", "topics": ["General Info", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174129, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Salehi, Sana", "Abedi, Aidin", "Balakrishnan, Sudheer", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174129", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. Available information on CT features of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is scattered in different publications, and a cohesive literature review has yet to be compiled. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This article includes a systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase (Elsevier), Google Scholar, and the World Health Organization database. RESULTS. Known features of COVID-19 on initial CT include bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacification (GGO) with a peripheral or posterior distribution, mainly in the lower lobes and less frequently within the right middle lobe. Atypical initial imaging presentation of consolidative opacities superimposed on GGO may be found in a smaller number of cases, mainly in the elderly population. Septal thickening, bronchiectasis, pleural thickening, and subpleural involvement are some of the less common findings, mainly in the later stages of the disease. Pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, lymphadenopathy, cavitation, CT halo sign, and pneumothorax are uncommon but may be seen with disease progression. Follow-up CT in the intermediate stage of disease shows an increase in the number and size of GGOs and progressive transformation of GGO into multifocal consolidative opacities, septal thickening, and development of a crazy paving pattern, with the greatest severity of CT findings visible around day 10 after the symptom onset. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is the most common indication for transferring patients with COVID-19 to the ICU and the major cause of death in this patient population. Imaging patterns corresponding to clinical improvement usually occur after week 2 of the disease and include gradual resolution of consolidative opacities and decrease in the number of lesions and involved lobes. CONCLUSION. This systematic review of current literature on COVID-19 provides insight into the initial and follow-up CT characteristics of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32290644, "title": "Clinical and epidemiologic profile of the initial COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care centre in India.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Gupta, Nitesh", "Agrawal, Sumita", "Ish, Pranav", "Mishra, Suruchi", "Gaind, Rajni", "Usha, Ganapathy", "Singh, Balvinder", "Sen, Manas Kamal", "Covid Working Group, Safdarjung Hospital"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290644", "countries": ["China", "India", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has now become a pandemic. It has spread from Wuhan, China, in December 2019 to a large number of countries within three months. The objective of this work is to report the initial experience with epidemiologic and clinical features, as well as with the management of COVID-19 patients in India. This is a descriptive case series of the first 21 COVID-19 infected patients confirmed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and admitted to a tertiary care centre in India from 01.02.2020 to 19.03.2020. Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data were collected, including age, sex, nationality, travel history, symptoms, duration of stay, and comorbidities. The mean age of the population was 40.3 years with a male preponderance. Thirteen (62%) patients had recent travel history outside India in the previous 30 days, two thirds of whom had travelled to Italy. The most common symptoms were fever and cough (42.9%) followed by sore throat, headache and breathlessness. Vital and laboratory parameters were preserved in all patients and none of them required ventilatory support. Among the first 21 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in India, the typical clinical presentation consisted in a mild upper respiratory tract infection predominantly affecting the young male population. One patient required supplemental oxygen. All patients recovered with no residual symptoms. \u00a0 *The Safdarjung Hospital COVID 2019 working group: Nitesh Gupta, Sumita Agrawal, Pranav Ish, Suruchi Mishra, Rajni Gaind, Ganapathy Usha, Balvinder Singh, Manas Kamal Sen, Shibdas Chakrabarti (Consultant and Head, Pulmonary Medicine); NK Gupta (Professor, Pulmonary medicine); Dipak Bhattacharya (Consultant, Pulmonary medicine); Rohit Kumar (Assistant Professor, Pulmonary Medicine); Siddharth R. Yadav (Assistant Professor, Pulmonary Medicine); Rushika Saksena (Specialist, Microbiology); Rojaleen Das (Assistant Professor, Microbiology); Vikramjeet Dutta (Assistant Professor, Microbiology); Anupam Kr Anveshi (Senior Resident, Microbiology); Santvana Kohli (Assistant Professor, Anaesthesiology); Naveen KV (Assistant Professor,\u00a0 Anaesthesiology); Amandeep Jaswal (Assistant Professor, Anaesthesiology)."}, {"pmid": 32199941, "pmcid": "PMC7141469", "title": "Letter from Italy: First practical indications for radiation therapy departments during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys", "authors": ["Filippi, Andrea Riccardo", "Russi, Elvio", "Magrini, Stefano Maria", "Corvo, Renzo"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199941", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301047, "pmcid": "PMC7161715", "title": "Cerebellar Scholars' Challenging Time in COVID-19 Pandemia.", "journal": "Cerebellum", "authors": ["Shaikh, Aasef G", "Mitoma, Hiroshi", "Manto, Mario"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301047", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, has caused pandemic of highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with epicenters in China, Italy, Spain, and the USA. Primarily affecting the human respiratory system, SARS-CoV2 has some impact on the human brain, but apparently minimal on the cerebellum, at least so far. Neurological involvement in the acute phase appears to manifest with confusion, dizziness, impaired consciousness, propensity to develop acute strokes, anosmia, hypogeusia, ataxia, epilepsy, and neuralgia. Cerebellar scholars are facing a time of uncertainty. Telemedicine has suddenly emerged as an alternative to follow patients. There is an urgent need to develop novel platforms to assess and follow ataxic patients remotely, especially because cerebellar patients often require ambulatory care to maintain their autonomy."}, {"pmid": 32199479, "pmcid": "PMC7156122", "title": "Canada and COVID-19: learning from SARS.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Webster, Paul"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199479", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405882, "pmcid": "PMC7220643", "title": "Diagnosing herpes simplex-1 encephalitis at the time of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Lovati, Carlo", "Osio, Maurizio", "Pantoni, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the case of a 73-year-old woman who was diagnosed with herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. The diagnosis was somehow delayed because relatives were initially cautious in bringing the patient to the hospital and, here, the work-up focus was on coronavirusrelated aspects as the patient was initially reputed to be infected with COVID-19. During the current viral outbreak, physicians should not neglect the possibility of other diseases that represent neurological emergencies and require immediate recognition and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32344143, "pmcid": "PMC7194971", "title": "Patients with Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and Surgery: Guidelines and Checklist Proposal.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Grelat, Michael", "Pommier, Benjamin", "Portet, Sylvain", "Amelot, Aymeric", "Barrey, Cedric", "Leroy, Henri-Arthur", "Madkouri, Rachid"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344143", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The management of patients with novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) represents a new challenge for medical and surgical teams. Each operating room in the world should be prepared thoughtfully, and the development of a protocol and patient route seems mandatory. An adequate degree of protection must be used. We propose recommendations to help different professionals in the establishment of protocols for the management of patients with COVID-19. We also offer a checklist that could be used in the operating room."}, {"pmid": 32237238, "pmcid": "PMC7228304", "title": "Anosmia and Ageusia: Common Findings in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["Vaira, Luigi A", "Salzano, Giovanni", "Deiana, Giovanna", "De Riu, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237238", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a not negligible number of patients affected by COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), especially if paucisymptomatic, anosmia and ageusia can represent the first or only symptomatology present. Laryngoscope, 130:1787-1787, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32313804, "pmcid": "PMC7165999", "title": "Tracing New Clinical Manifestations in Patients with COVID-19 in Chile and Its Potential Relationship with the SARS-CoV-2 Divergence.", "journal": "Curr Trop Med Rep", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Rodriguez-Morales, Andrea Gabriela", "Mendez, Claudio A", "Hernandez-Botero, Sebastian"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313804", "countries": ["Chile"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this review, we discuss the current implications of the changing genomic epidemiology of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), etiological agent of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its potential relationship with the change of clinical manifestations in patients with confirmed infection. Over the course of the current pandemic, the virus has been found more diverse in new countries. Simultaneously, also new clinical manifestations are observed, particularly more prominent gastrointestinal and neurological findings. SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 is changing not only its epidemiology, but also its genomic diversity and clinical manifestations, both aspects coupled, needs to be considered in the study of this ongoing pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32425710, "pmcid": "PMC7229978", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Imaging Case Volumes.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Naidich, Jason J", "Boltyenkov, Artem", "Wang, Jason J", "Chusid, Jesse", "Hughes, Danny", "Sanelli, Pina C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425710", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273593, "pmcid": "PMC7144544", "title": "Kidney involvement in COVID-19 and rationale for extracorporeal therapies.", "journal": "Nat Rev Nephrol", "authors": ["Ronco, Claudio", "Reis, Thiago"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273593", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265003, "pmcid": "PMC7140594", "title": "Indications for healthcare surge capacity in European countries facing an exponential increase in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases, March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Verelst, Frederik", "Kuylen, Elise", "Beutels, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265003", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Netherlands", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "European healthcare systems face extreme pressure from coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We relate country-specific accumulated COVID-19 deaths (intensity approach) and active COVID-19 cases (magnitude approach) to measures of healthcare system capacity: hospital beds, healthcare workers and healthcare expenditure. Modelled by the intensity approach with a composite measure for healthcare capacity, the countries experiencing the highest pressure on 25 March 2020 - relative to Italy on 11 March - were Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and France (www.covid-hcpressure.org)."}, {"pmid": 32398954, "pmcid": "PMC7211182", "title": "Initial success in the identification and management of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) indicates human-to-human transmission in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Awadasseid, Annoor", "Wu, Yanling", "Tanaka, Yoshimasa", "Zhang, Wen"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398954", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (CoV) has been one of the major pandemic threats to human health in the last two decades. The human coronavirus was first identified in 1960s. CoVs 229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV have caused numerous disasters or human deaths worldwide. Recently, an outbreak of the previously unknown deadly CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2, early named 2019-nCoV) occurred in Wuhan, China, and it had caused 81238 cases of confirmed infection, including 3250 deaths until March 19, 2020. Its risks and pandemic potential have brought global consideration. We summarized epidemiology, virological characteristics, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, clinical treatments, and prevention methods for COVID-19 to present a reference for the future wave of probable CoV outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32520155, "title": "Oncology practice during COVID-19 pandemic: a fast response is the best response.", "journal": "Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)", "authors": ["Sternberg, Cinthya", "Andrade, Thamine Lessa", "Nova, Ana Paula Gomes Alcantara Villa", "Fiscina, Bianca Vivas", "Fernandes, Ana Paula Laranjeira", "Alves, Camila Dias", "Alves, Adriana Batista", "Hizumi, Lise Oliveira", "Dias, Simone Sacramento Novais", "Nobre, Pablicio", "Calabrich, Aknar", "Coutinho, Anelisa K", "Silva, Alex Pimenta da"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520155", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brasil was reported on February 25th, 2020, and by April 3rd, 8076 were confirmed in the country. As COVID-19 disease incidence escalates in Brasil, management of cancer patients requires immediate action and oncology clinics are urged to establish a contingency plan. We have installed a COVID-19 Management Committee to elaborate and implement best practices to assist cancer outpatients as well as to provide a safe environment for clinical staff and other employees at the outpatient clinics. The challenges of cancer treatment in the midst of COVID-19 global pandemic highlight the importance of a rapid response by institutions, where organizational structure, strategic planning, agility in guidelines implementation and alternative ways to protect and support clinical staff, employees and patients may be the key to mitigate pandemic effects."}, {"pmid": 32325463, "title": "COVID-19-the frontline (a GP perspective).", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Baddock, Kate"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325463", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533391, "title": "Study on the dynamic change law and correlation between CT imaging manifestations and cellular immunity of 2019 novel coronavirus disease.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Yang, Minxia", "Mao, Haijia", "Chen, Lujiao", "Zhao, Li", "Lv, Sangying", "Huang, Yanan", "Chen, Bo", "Wei, Mingzhu", "Wu, Guanzuan", "Zhang, Bingqian", "Sun, Xuedong", "Zhou, Guozhong", "Li, Minhui", "Zhao, Zhenhua"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533391", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the dynamic changes and correlation between CT imaging manifestations and cellular immunity of COVID-19. This retrospective review analyzed 23 patients with COVID-19, including 13 males and 10 females aged 27-70\u00a0years, with an average age of 48\u00a0years. Patients were divided into two groups: group A with 11 critical-severe patients, and group B with 12 common-mild patients. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were collected and analyzed. LYM, LYM (%), CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ decreased, while NEU (%), CRP, and CT scores increased in all patients, WBC in group A increased. In group A, on day 10-12 after disease onset, CT scores and CRP reached the highest point, and day 13-15 LYM, LYM (%) reached the lowest but NEU (%) and WBC reached the highest, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ were at the lowest on day 10-15. In group B, on day 7-9, CT scores, NEU (%) and CRP reached the peak, but LYM, LYM (%), CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ reached the lowest. In all patients, CT scores had a significantly negative correlation with CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, LYM (%), and LYM (p\u2009=\u20090.001, r\u2009=\u2009-\u00a00.797; p\u2009=\u20090.008, r\u2009=\u2009- 0.698; p\u2009=\u20090.002, r\u2009=\u2009- 0.775; p\u2009<\u20090.001, r\u2009=\u2009- 0.785; p\u2009=\u20090.021, r\u2009=\u2009- 0.571, respectively), and a significantly positive correlation with WBC and NEU (%) (p\u2009<\u20090.001, r\u2009=\u20090.785; p\u2009=\u20090.003, r\u2009=\u20090.691, respectively). Dynamic changes of CT manifestations and cellular immunity of patients with COVID-19 were regular and correlation was high between these two parameters."}, {"pmid": 32171622, "pmcid": "PMC7102631", "title": "An update on the 2019-nCoV outbreak.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Ammad Ud Din, Mohammad", "Boppana, Leela Krishna Teja"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171622", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cases of 2019-nCoV are now being reported in different regions around the globe, concerning for a possible SARS like epidemic that infected for than 8000 people in 2002-03. Though, major health authorities are still working on understanding the virus and its transmission, here we present a brief report regarding the 2019-nCoV outbreak and what is known so far."}, {"pmid": 32326426, "pmcid": "PMC7230644", "title": "COVID-19: A Recommendation to Examine the Effect of Mouthrinses with beta-Cyclodextrin Combined with Citrox in Preventing Infection and Progression.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Carrouel, Florence", "Conte, Maria Pia", "Fisher, Julian", "Goncalves, Lucio Souza", "Dussart, Claude", "Llodra, Juan Carlos", "Bourgeois, Denis"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326426", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Considered to be a major portal of entry for infectious agents, the oral cavity is directly associated with the evolutionary process of SARS-CoV-2 in its inhalation of ambient particles in the air and in expectorations. Some new generations of mouth rinses currently on the market have ingredients that could contribute to lower the SARS-CoV-2 viral load, and thus facilitate the fight against oral transmission. If chlorhexidine, a usual component of mouth rinse, is not efficient to kill SARS-CoV-2, the use of a mouth rinses and/or with local nasal applications that contain \u03b2-cyclodextrins combined with flavonoids agents, such as Citrox, could provide valuable adjunctive treatment to reduce the viral load of saliva and nasopharyngeal microbiota, including potential SARS-CoV-2 carriage. We urge national agencies and authorities to start clinical trials to evaluate the preventive effects of \u03b2CD-Citrox therapeutic oral biofilm rinses in reducing the viral load of the infection and possibly disease progression."}, {"pmid": 32363726, "pmcid": "PMC7264879", "title": "The Novel Coronavirus - Latest Findings.", "journal": "Microb Biotechnol", "authors": ["Brussow, Harald"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363726", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "What was initially a lung infection epidemic in the metropolitan area of Wuhan followed by a now contained extension to mainland China has now spread to all continents as a major pandemic with current hotspots in Europe and the USA. This minireview is an update of an earlier report on this novel coronavirus infection (Br\u00fcssow, 2020, Microb Biotech 13, 607). I am now summarizing the research literature published between end of February to mid-April 2020."}, {"pmid": 32333860, "pmcid": "PMC7175898", "title": "Presepsin in risk stratification of SARS-CoV-2 patients.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Zaninotto, Martina", "Mion, Monica Maria", "Cosma, Chiara", "Rinaldi, Daniela", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333860", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A severe form of pneumonia, is the leading complication of the respiratory Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), recently renamed SARS-CoV-2. Soluble cluster of differentiation (CD)14 subtype (sCD14-ST also termed presepsin PSP) is a regulatory factor that modulates immune responses by interacting with T and B cells, useful for early diagnosis, prognosis and risk stratification prediction. In 75 consecutive patients suffering from COVID-19 microbiology proven infection, admitted to intensive care unit (ICU, n\u00a0=\u00a021, 28%) and/or in infectious disease ward (IW, n\u00a0=\u00a054, 72%), PSP (Pathfast, Mitsubishi, Japan) has been measured in addition to routine laboratory tests performed during the period of hospitalization (from January to March 2020). PSP demonstrates: -statistically significant higher values (Mann-Whitney test) in 6 patients died (median, IQR\u00a0=\u00a01046, 763-1240; vs 417, 281-678\u00a0ng/L, p\u00a0<\u00a00.05); -statistically significant but poor correlations with CRP (r\u00a0=\u00a00.59, p\u00a0<\u00a00.001), LDH (r\u00a0=\u00a00.52, p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and PCT (r\u00a0=\u00a00.72, p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) measured at the same day; -a significant relationship between concentrations and ICU stay. In fact patients showing PSP values higher than 250\u00a0ng/L (cut-off for risk stratification) did stay in ICU for a significantly longer time (median 17\u00a0days, IQR 12-31; p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) than those exhibiting lower values (median 10\u00a0days, IQR 7-18). The data obtained seems to demonstrate the role of PSP in providing prognostic information in COVID-19 patients, allowing to identify, during the early phase of the monitoring, the patients suffering from a more severe disease which will be hospitalized for a more long time."}, {"pmid": 32275868, "pmcid": "PMC7141483", "title": "Invisible spread of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xiong, Nian", "Wang, Tao", "Lin, Zhicheng"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275868", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388933, "title": "[Contagiousness and secondary attack rate of 2019 novel coronavirus based on cluster epidemics of COVID-19 in Guangzhou].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Jing, Q L", "Li, Y G", "Ma, M M", "Gu, Y Z", "Li, K", "Ma, Y", "Wu, D", "Wu, Y", "Luo, L", "Zhang, Z B"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388933", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the contagiousness and secondary attack rate of 2019 novel coronavirus in cluster epidemics in Guangzhou and provide evidence for the prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods: All the individuals identified to be infected with 2019-nCoV in Guangzhou, including confirmed cases and asymptomatic cases, were included and classified as imported cases and local cases. The first case of each cluster epidemic was defined as index case, and the number of subsequent infections was calculated to evaluate the contagiousness and secondary attack rate of 2019 novel coronavirus in the shortest incubation period of 1-3 days. Results: As of 18 February, 2020, a total of 349 cases of 2019-nCoV infection, including 339 confirmed cases (97.13%) and 10 asymptomatic cases (2.87%) were reported in Guangzhou. There were 68 clusters involving 217 2019-nCoV infection cases (210 confirmed cases and 7 asymptomatic cases). The median number of subsequent infections caused by an index case in a cluster epidemic was 3, among which 2 were confirmed cases and 1 was asymptomatic cases, respectively. The average number of contagiousness was 2.18 in shorted incubation period of 1-3 days (The average number of infected cases were 2.18 cases by the index case in a cluster epidemic), the average infection number in family members was 1.86, and the infection ratio of family member transmission was 85.32% (1.86/2.18). The secondary attack rate in close contacts with shortest incubation period of 1-3 days was 17.12%-18.99%, the secondary attack rate in family members was 46.11%-49.56%. Conclusions: The cluster epidemic of COVID-19 in Guangzhou mainly occurred in families, the contagiousness was high. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control to reduce the community transmission of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32426088, "pmcid": "PMC7228729", "title": "Right Ventricular Dilation in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "JACC Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Argulian, Edgar", "Sud, Karan", "Vogel, Birgit", "Bohra, Chandrashekar", "Garg, Vaani P", "Talebi, Soheila", "Lerakis, Stamatios", "Narula, Jagat"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426088", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463468, "pmcid": "PMC7256666", "title": "Recurrent Positive Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction Results for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients Discharged From a Hospital in China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Hu, Rujun", "Jiang, Zhixia", "Gao, Huiming", "Huang, Di", "Jiang, Deyu", "Chen, Fang", "Li, Jin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463468", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212578, "title": "Chest CT Findings in a Pregnant Patient with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease", "journal": "Balkan Med J", "authors": ["Liao, Xinggui", "Yang, Huan", "Kong, Junfeng", "Yang, Hongbing"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212578", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336687, "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Children: Indian Perspectives.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Senthilkumaran, Subramanian", "Meenakshisundaram, Ramachandran", "Shah, Sweni", "Thirumalaikolundusubramanian, Ponniah"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336687", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406927, "title": "Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a rapid review.", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "authors": ["Valk, Sarah J", "Piechotta, Vanessa", "Chai, Khai Li", "Doree, Carolyn", "Monsef, Ina", "Wood, Erica M", "Lamikanra, Abigail", "Kimber, Catherine", "McQuilten, Zoe", "So-Osman, Cynthia", "Estcourt, Lise J", "Skoetz, Nicole"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406927", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin may reduce mortality in patients with respiratory virus diseases, and are currently being investigated in\u00a0trials as a potential therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A thorough understanding of the current body of evidence regarding the benefits and risks\u00a0is required.\u00a0 OBJECTIVES: To assess whether convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin transfusion is effective and safe in the treatment of people with COVID-19. The protocol was pre-published with the\u00a0Center for Open Science and can be accessed here: osf.io/dwf53\u00a0 We searched the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 Global Research Database, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Research Article Database and trials registries\u00a0to identify ongoing studies and results of completed studies\u00a0on 23 April 2020 for case-series, cohort, prospectively planned, and randomised controlled trials (RCTs). We followed standard Cochrane methodology and performed all steps regarding study selection in duplicate by two independent review authors (in contrast to the recommendations of the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group). We included studies evaluating convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19, irrespective of disease severity, age, gender or ethnicity. We excluded studies including populations with other coronavirus diseases (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)) and studies evaluating standard immunoglobulins. We followed recommendations of the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group regarding data extraction and assessment. To assess bias in included studies, we used the\u00a0assessment criteria tool for observational studies, provided by Cochrane Childhood Cancer. We rated the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach for the following\u00a0outcomes: all-cause mortality at hospital discharge, improvement of clinical symptoms (7, 15, and 30 days after transfusion), grade 3 and 4 adverse events, and serious adverse events.\u00a0 MAIN RESULTS: We included eight studies (seven case-series, one prospectively planned, single-arm intervention study) with 32 participants, and\u00a0identified a further 48 ongoing studies evaluating convalescent plasma (47 studies)\u00a0or hyperimmune immunoglobulin (one study), of which 22 are randomised. Overall risk of bias of the eight included studies was high, due to:\u00a0study design;\u00a0small number of\u00a0participants; poor reporting within studies; and varied type of participants with different severities\u00a0of disease, comorbidities, and types of previous or concurrent treatments, including\u00a0antivirals, antifungals or antibiotics, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine and respiratory support. We rated all\u00a0outcomes as very low certainty, and we were unable to summarise numerical data in any meaningful way. As we identified case-series studies only, we reported results narratively. Effectiveness of convalescent plasma for people with COVID-19 The following reported outcomes could all be related to the underlying natural history of the disease or other concomitant treatment, rather than convalescent plasma. All-cause mortality at hospital discharge All studies reported mortality.\u00a0All participants were alive at the end of the reporting period, but not all participants had been discharged from hospital by the end of the study (15 participants discharged, 6 still hospitalised, 11 unclear). Follow-up ranged from 3 days to\u00a037 days post-transfusion. We do not know whether convalescent plasma therapy affects mortality (very low-certainty evidence).\u00a0 Improvement of clinical symptoms (assessed by respiratory support) Six\u00a0studies, including 28 participants,\u00a0reported the level of respiratory support required; most participants required\u00a0respiratory support at baseline. All studies reported improvement in clinical symptoms in at least some participants.\u00a0We do not know whether convalescent plasma improves clinical symptoms (very low-certainty evidence). Time to discharge from hospital Six studies reported time to discharge from hospital for at least some participants, which ranged from four to 35 days after convalescent plasma therapy.\u00a0 Admission on the intensive care unit (ICU) Six studies included patients who were critically ill. At final follow-up the majority of these patients were no longer on the ICU or no longer required mechanical ventilation. Length of stay on the ICU Only one study (1 participant) reported\u00a0length of stay on the ICU. The individual\u00a0was discharged from the ICU\u00a011 days after plasma transfusion. Safety of convalescent plasma for people with COVID-19 Grade 3 or 4 adverse events\u00a0 The studies did not report the grade of adverse events after convalescent plasma transfusion. Two studies reported data relating to participants who had experienced\u00a0adverse events, that were presumably grade 3 or 4. One case study reported a participant who had moderate fever (38.9 \u00b0C). Another study (3 participants) reported a case of\u00a0severe anaphylactic shock. Four studies reported the absence of moderate or severe adverse events (19 participants). We are very uncertain whether or not convalescent plasma therapy affects the risk of moderate to severe adverse events\u00a0(very low-certainty evidence). Serious adverse events One study (3\u00a0participants) reported one serious adverse event. As described above, this individual had severe\u00a0anaphylactic shock after receiving convalescent plasma. Six studies reported that no serious adverse events occurred. We are very uncertain whether or not convalescent plasma therapy affects the risk of\u00a0serious adverse events (very low-certainty evidence).\u00a0 AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We identified eight studies (seven case-series and one prospectively planned single-arm intervention study) with a total of 32 participants (range 1 to 10). Most studies assessed the risks of the intervention; reporting two adverse events (potentially grade 3 or 4), one of which\u00a0was a serious adverse event. We are very uncertain whether convalescent plasma is effective for people admitted to hospital with COVID-19 as studies reported results inconsistently, making it difficult to compare results and to draw conclusions. We identified very low-certainty evidence on the effectiveness and safety of convalescent plasma therapy for people with COVID-19; all studies were at high risk of bias and reporting quality was low. No RCTs or controlled non-randomised studies evaluating benefits and harms of convalescent plasma have been completed. There are 47 ongoing studies evaluating convalescent plasma, of which 22\u00a0are RCTs, and one\u00a0trial evaluating hyperimmune immunoglobulin. We will update this review as a living systematic review, based on monthly searches in the above mentioned databases and registries. These updates are likely to\u00a0show different results to those reported here."}, {"pmid": 32470160, "title": "Glucocorticoid therapy delays the clearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in an asymptomatic COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ma, Shu-Qing", "Zhang, Jing", "Wang, Yu-Shan", "Xia, Jun", "Liu, Peng", "Luo, Hong", "Wang, Ming-Yi"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470160", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342049, "pmcid": "PMC7183966", "title": "Pseudo acute myocardial infarction in a young COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Loghin, Catalin", "Chauhan, Siddharth", "Lawless, Sean M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342049", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 29 year old man tested positive for COVID-19 and developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). While mechanically ventilated, his electrocardiogram (EKG) showed inferior ST segment elevations, with normal serial cardiac troponin I and transthoracic echocardiograms. He was treated conservatively, with complete clinical recovery and resolution of his EKG abnormalities."}, {"pmid": 32526045, "title": "Harmless Effects of Sterilizing 222-nm far-UV Radiation on Mouse Skin and Eye Tissues.", "journal": "Photochem Photobiol", "authors": ["Cadet, Jean"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526045", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is growing interest in using ultraviolet (UV) radiation for bactericidal and viral decontamination of air, surfaces and foods, a trend that is reinforced during the Covid-19 pandemic. For almost a century and a half, UVC and UVB radiations have been used extensively for non-thermal sterilization against various microbial pathogens by developing so-called ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) disinfection treatments (1). Most previous applications have used UVC light emitted from broad spectrum 254-nm low-pressure mercury lamps, which, however, has undesirable, harmful effects on the skin and retina of mammals due to, among other things, biomolecule damage by mutagenic and carcinogenic bipyrimidine photoproducts. These include predominant cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) as well as lower amounts of pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoadducts (6-4PPs) and their secondary photo-induced Dewar valence isomers (2)."}, {"pmid": 32452345, "title": "The differential response to anti IL-6 treatment in COVID-19: the genetic counterpart.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Perricone, Carlo", "Conigliaro, Paola", "Ciccacci, Cinzia", "Marcucci, Elisa", "Cafaro, Giacomo", "Bartoloni, Elena", "Perricone, Roberto", "Novelli, Giuseppe", "Borgiani, Paola", "Gerli, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452345", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246500, "title": "Proactive and Comprehensive Community Health Actions to Fight the COVID-19 Epidemic: Initial Lessons From Vietnam.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Van Minh, Hoang"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246500", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398219, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors make bid for public inquiry into lack of PPE for frontline workers.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398219", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332320, "pmcid": "PMC7219851", "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vertical Transmission in Neonates Born to Mothers With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Hu, Xiaolin", "Gao, Jinzhi", "Luo, Xiaoping", "Feng, Ling", "Liu, Weiyong", "Chen, Juan", "Benachi, Alexandra", "De Luca, Daniele", "Chen, Ling"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332320", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413822, "pmcid": "PMC7211751", "title": "The challenges and benefits of online teaching about diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Parisi, Maria Candida Ribeiro", "Frutuoso, Leticia", "Benevides, Saulo Saad Nogueira", "Barreira, Nadia Hellmeister Morali", "Silva, Juliany Lino Gomes", "Pereira, Monica Corso", "Cecilio-Fernandes, Dario"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413822", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276930, "title": "Cancer Care Goes Virtual in Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276930", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amid concerns over the spread of COVID-19, oncology practices have \"gone virtual,\" with video appointments scheduled for any service that does not require diagnostic testing or treatment."}, {"pmid": 32422482, "pmcid": "PMC7228701", "title": "Does communicable diseases (including COVID-19) may increase global poverty risk? A cloud on the horizon.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Anser, Muhammad Khalid", "Yousaf, Zahid", "Khan, Muhammad Azhar", "Nassani, Abdelmohsen A", "Alotaibi, Saad M", "Qazi Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin", "Vo, Xuan Vinh", "Zaman, Khalid"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422482", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus epidemic can push millions of people in poverty. The shortage of healthcare resources, lack of sanitation, and population compactness leads to an increase in communicable diseases, which may increase millions of people add in a vicious cycle of poverty. The study used the number of factors that affect poverty incidence in a panel of 76 countries for a period of 2010-2019. The dynamic panel GMM estimates show that the causes of death by communicable diseases, chemical-induced carbon and fossil fuel combustion, and lack of access to basic hand washing facilities menace to increase poverty headcounts, whereas, an increase in healthcare expenditures substantially decreases poverty headcounts across countries. Further, the results show the U-shaped relationship between economic growth and poverty headcounts, as economic growth first decreases and later increase poverty headcount due to rising healthcare disparities among nations. The causality estimates show that lack of access to basic amenities lead to increase of communicable diseases including COVID-19 whereas chemical-induced carbon and fossil fuel emissions continue to increase healthcare expenditures and economic growth in a panel of selected countries. The rising healthcare disparities, regional conflicts, and public debt burden further 'hold in the hand' of communicable diseases that push millions of people in the poverty trap."}, {"pmid": 32452390, "pmcid": "PMC7129146", "title": "COVID-19 and interconnectedness.", "journal": "Musculoskelet Sci Pract", "authors": ["Jull, Gwendolen", "Moore, Ann P"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452390", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324101, "pmcid": "PMC7233406", "title": "Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Thromboembolic Complications in COVID-19: Report of the National Institute for Public Health of the Netherlands.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Oudkerk, Matthijs", "Buller, Harry R", "Kuijpers, Dirkjan", "van Es, Nick", "Oudkerk, Sitse F", "McLoud, Theresa C", "Gommers, Diederik", "van Dissel, Jaap", "Ten Cate, Hugo", "van Beek, Edwin J"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324101", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A potential link between mortality, D-dimer values and a prothrombotic syndrome has been reported in patients with COVID-19 infection. The National Institute for Public Health of the Netherlands asked a group of Radiology and Vascular Medicine experts to provide guidance for the imaging workup and treatment of these important complications. This report summarizes evidence for thromboembolic disease, potential diagnostic and preventive actions as well as recommendations for patients with COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32427651, "title": "Computed Tomography Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review for Radiologists.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Goyal, Nikhil", "Chung, Michael", "Bernheim, Adam", "Keir, Graham", "Mei, Xueyan", "Huang, Mingqian", "Li, Shaolin", "Kanne, Jeffrey P"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427651", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia has become a global pandemic. Although the rate of new infections in China has decreased, currently, 169 countries report confirmed cases, with many nations showing increasing numbers daily. Testing for COVID-19 infection is performed via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, but availability is limited in many parts of the world. The role of chest computed tomography is yet to be determined and may vary depending on the local prevalence of disease and availability of laboratory testing. A common but nonspecific pattern of disease with a somewhat predictable progression is seen in patients with COVID-19. Specifically, patchy ground-glass opacities in the periphery of the lower lungs may be present initially, eventually undergoing coalescence, consolidation, and organization, and ultimately showing features of fibrosis. In this article, we review the computed tomography features of COVID-19 infection. Familiarity with these findings and their evolution will help radiologists recognize potential COVID-19 and recognize the significant overlap with other causes of acute lung injury."}, {"pmid": 32234121, "pmcid": "PMC7118348", "title": "Estimating the infection and case fatality ratio for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) using age-adjusted data from the outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship, February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Russell, Timothy W", "Hellewell, Joel", "Jarvis, Christopher I", "van Zandvoort, Kevin", "Abbott, Sam", "Ratnayake, Ruwan", "Cmmid Covid-Working Group", "Flasche, Stefan", "Eggo, Rosalind M", "Edmunds, W John", "Kucharski, Adam J"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234121", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Adjusting for delay from confirmation to death, we estimated case and infection fatality ratios (CFR, IFR) for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the Diamond Princess ship as 2.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89-6.7) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.38-3.6), respectively. Comparing deaths on board with expected deaths based on naive CFR estimates from China, we estimated CFR and IFR in China to be 1.2% (95% CI: 0.3-2.7) and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.2-1.3), respectively."}, {"pmid": 32413251, "title": "Nebulized Treatments and the Possible Risk of Coronavirus Transmission: Where Is the Evidence?", "journal": "Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis", "authors": ["Tashkin, Donald P", "Barjaktarevic, Igor Z"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413251", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434673, "pmcid": "PMC7211670", "title": "Complications of Orbital Emphysema in a COVID-19 Patient.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Stevens, Dylan V", "Tran, Ann Q", "Kim, Eleanore"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434673", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381561, "title": "Baseline use of hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus does not preclude SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Konig, Maximilian F", "Kim, Alfred Hj", "Scheetz, Marc H", "Graef, Elizabeth R", "Liew, Jean W", "Simard, Julia", "Machado, Pedro M", "Gianfrancesco, Milena", "Yazdany, Jinoos", "Langguth, Daman", "Robinson, Philip C"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381561", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334064, "pmcid": "PMC7175849", "title": "Ayurveda and COVID-19: Where psychoneuroimmunology and the meaning response meet.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Rajkumar, Ravi Philip"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334064", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has led to high levels of psychological distress in the general public, including symptoms of anxiety and depression. Such distress is associated with alterations in immune function, including an elevated risk of viral respiratory tract infections. In this light, the possible effects of Ayurveda, a traditional system of medicine promoted by the Indian government as an \"immune booster\", are examined from the point of view of psychoneuroimmune mechanisms as well as the \"meaning response\" described by Moerman. It was found that many of the measures advocated in their guidelines could positively influence immunity either by direct effects on symptoms of depression or anxiety, or through their symbolic significance. Therefore, it is possible that such traditional practices could be beneficial both in terms of psychological quality of life, and in terms of moderating the risk of infection."}, {"pmid": 32352841, "title": "Secondary Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients With Heart Failure.", "journal": "Circ Heart Fail", "authors": ["Reza, Nosheen", "DeFilippis, Ersilia M", "Jessup, Mariell"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352841", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416119, "pmcid": "PMC7235562", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and acute cardiovascular disease management: A Chinese perspective on striking the balance.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Cao, Xiaojing", "Spratt, James C", "Jin, Zening"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416119", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360481, "pmcid": "PMC7191275", "title": "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics analysis of COVID-19 in the surrounding areas of Wuhan, Hubei Province in 2020.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Zheng, Yi", "Xiong, Chang", "Liu, Yuquan", "Qian, Xin", "Tang, Yijun", "Liu, Liang", "Leung, Elaine Lai-Han", "Wang, Meifang"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360481", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, new COVID-19 outbreaks have occurred and spread around the world. However, the clinical characteristics of patients in other areas around Wuhan, Hubei Province are still unclear. In this study, we performed epidemiological and clinical characteristics analysis on these regional cases. We retrospectively investigated COVID-19 patients positively confirmed by nucleic acid Q-PCR at Taihe Hospital from January 16 to February 4, 2020. Their epidemiological, clinical manifestations, and imaging characteristics were analysed. Among the 73 patients studied, 12.3 % developed symptoms after returning to Shiyan from Wuhan, and 71.2 % had a history of close contact with Wuhan personnel or confirmed cases. Among these patients, 9 cases were associated with family clustering. The first main symptoms presented by these patients were fever (84.9 %) and cough (21.9 %). The longest incubation period was 26 days, and the median interval from the first symptoms to admission was 5 days. Of the patients, 67.1 % were originally healthy people with no underlying diseases, others mostly had common comorbidities including hypertension (12.3 %) and diabetes (5.5 %), 10.9 % were current smokers, 30.1 % had low white blood cell counts and 45.2 % showed decreased lymphocytes at the first time of diagnosis. CT scans showed that multiple patchy ground glass shadows outside of the patient lungs were commonly observed, and a single sub-pleural sheet of ground glass shadow with enhanced vascular bundles was also found located under the pleura. Patient follow-up to February 14 presented 38.4 % severe cases and 2.7 % critical cases. After follow-up, the parameter of lymphocyte counts below 0.8\u2009\u00d7\u2009109/L cannot be used to predict severe and critical groups from the ordinary group, and a lower proportion of smokers and higher proportion of diabetes patients occur in the poor outcome group. Other co-morbidities are observed but did not lead to poor outcomes. The epidemiological characteristics of patients in the area around Wuhan, such as Shiyan, at first diagnosis are described as follows: Patients had histories of Wuhan residences in the early stage and family clustering in the later period. The incubation period was relatively long, and the incidence was relatively hidden, but the virulence was relatively low. The initial diagnosis of the patients was mostly ordinary, and the percentage of critical patients who evolved into the ICU during follow-up is 2.7 %, which is lower than the 26.1 % reported by Wuhan city. According to the Shiyan experience, early diagnosis with multiple swaps of the Q-PCR test and timely treatment can reduce the death rate. Diabetes could be one of the risk factors for progression to severe/critical outcomes. No evidence exists that smoking protects COVID-19 patients from developing to severe/critical cases, and the absolute number of lymphocytes at initial diagnosis could not predict the progression risk from severe to critical condition. Multivariate regression analysis should be used to further guide the allocation of clinical resources."}, {"pmid": 32269021, "pmcid": "PMC7207200", "title": "Safety considerations with chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Juurlink, David N"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269021", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171951, "pmcid": "PMC7194910", "title": "Preliminary estimation of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Iran: A modelling analysis based on overseas cases and air travel data.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhuang, Zian", "Zhao, Shi", "Lin, Qianying", "Cao, Peihua", "Lou, Yijun", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171951", "countries": ["Kuwait", "Bahrain", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Iraq", "Oman", "Pakistan", "Afghanistan"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 1, 2020, Iran had reported 987 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases, including 54 associated deaths. At least six neighboring countries (Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Afghanistan, and Pakistan) had reported imported COVID-19 cases from Iran. In this study, air travel data and the numbers of cases from Iran imported into other Middle Eastern countries were used to estimate the number of COVID-19 cases in Iran. It was estimated that the total number of cases in Iran was 16 533 (95% confidence interval: 5925-35 538) by February 25, 2020, before the UAE and other Gulf Cooperation Council countries suspended inbound and outbound flights from Iran."}, {"pmid": 32387085, "pmcid": "PMC7252126", "title": "Potential implications of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) related gastrointestinal symptoms for abdominal imaging.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Wilson, M P", "Katlariwala, P", "Low, G"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387085", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502937, "pmcid": "PMC7244411", "title": "COVID-19 spread: The Italian case.", "journal": "Respir Med Res", "authors": ["Harari, S", "Vitacca, M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502937", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395100, "pmcid": "PMC7206509", "title": "COVID-19 lockdown and the tobacco product ban in South Africa.", "journal": "Tob Induc Dis", "authors": ["Egbe, Catherine O", "Ngobese, Senamile P"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395100", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445204, "title": "Crisis Standard of Care: Management of Infantile Spasms during COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Neurol", "authors": ["Grinspan, Zachary M", "Mytinger, John R", "Baumer, Fiona M", "Ciliberto, Michael A", "Cohen, Bruce H", "Dlugos, Dennis J", "Harini, Chellamani", "Hussain, Shaun A", "Joshi, Sucheta M", "Keator, Cynthia G", "Knupp, Kelly G", "McGoldrick, Patricia E", "Nickels, Katherine C", "Park, Jun T", "Pasupuleti, Archana", "Patel, Anup D", "Pomeroy, Scott L", "Shahid, Asim M", "Shellhaas, Renee A", "Shrey, Daniel W", "Singh, Rani K", "Wolf, Steven M", "Yozawitz, Elissa G", "Yuskaitis, Christopher J", "Waugh, Jeff L", "Pearl, Phillip L"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32193352, "title": "Covid-19: UK government calls on industry to help boost testing capacity to 25 000 people a day.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193352", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233935, "pmcid": "PMC7200870", "title": "COVID-19: is the ACE2 just a foe?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Jakovac, Hrvoje"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233935", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531539, "pmcid": "PMC7274106", "title": "Intra-abdominal hypertension as a trigger of \"gut failure\" in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Effect of open abdomen (OA) and negative pressure therapy (NPT) on respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) function.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Di Grezia, Marta", "Fransvea, Pietro", "Santullo, Francesco", "Tirelli, Flavio", "Fico, Valeria", "Mirco, Paolo", "Cozza, Valerio", "La Greca, Antonio", "Sganga, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531539", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 gastrointestinal manifestations could be attributed to SARS-CoV-2-induced small vessel thrombosis. OA with NPT treatment may have a role in optimization of bowel microcirculation and in the reduction of the endothelial and the systemic cytokine-related damage, improving also respiratory function."}, {"pmid": 32432541, "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academic sleep medicine.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Ehsan, Zarmina"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432541", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389579, "pmcid": "PMC7252150", "title": "[Low dose lung radiotherapy for COVID-19-related cytokine storm syndrome: Why not?]", "journal": "Cancer Radiother", "authors": ["Cosset, J-M", "Deutsch, E", "Bazire, L", "Mazeron, J-J", "Chargari, C"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389579", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374718, "pmcid": "PMC7240432", "title": "Correction: Preventive Behaviors Conveyed on YouTube to Mitigate Transmission of COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Basch, Corey H", "Hillyer, Grace C", "Meleo-Erwin, Zoe C", "Jaime, Christie", "Mohlman, Jan", "Basch, Charles E"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374718", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/18807.]."}, {"pmid": 32519827, "title": "Covid-19: a survey on knowledge, awareness and hygiene practices among dental health professionals in an Indian scenario.", "journal": "Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig", "authors": ["Singh Gambhir, Ramandeep", "Singh Dhaliwal, Jagjit", "Aggarwal, Amit", "Anand, Samir", "Anand, Vaibhav", "Kaur Bhangu, Amanpreet"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519827", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) continues to spread globally. It has become a major cause of concern for health care professionals all over the world. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, awareness and hygiene practices regarding COVID-19 among private dental practitioners practicing in Tricity (Chandigarh, Panchkula and Mohali) in India during these critical times. A total of 245 private dentists participated in this cross-sectional survey and finally 215 constituted the final sample size. A self-administered, multiple choice type questionnaire (verified by a specialist) was administered to obtain information from the subjects. The questionnaire was divided into two parts and included 15 questions on knowledge and awareness regarding COVID-19. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and Student\u2019s t-test. Percentage of subjects who answered correctly regarding main symptoms of COVID-19 and primary mode of transmission was 87% and 82.5% respectively. One-third of the subjects were not aware regarding Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to be used while rendering dental treatment. 75% of subjects were of the opinion that supportive care is the current treatment regime for COVID-19. Less than one-third of subjects (30.2%) reported high scores. Education level (p=0.018) and health sector profile (p=0.024) of the subjects were significantly associated with mean knowledge scores. The findings of the present study showed that some notable deficiencies in knowledge existed among dental professionals regarding some vital aspects of COVID-19. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improving dentists\u2019knowledge via health education and training programs. Further studies on the subject are also warranted once the situation normalizes."}, {"pmid": 32299982, "title": "Government advice needed on TB testing during Covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Biggs, Andrew"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299982", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431119, "title": "[THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MENTAL HEALTH - LITERATURE REVIEW].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Shelef, Leah", "Zalsman, Gil"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431119", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of epidemics resulting in many deaths has been known since the dawn of civilization, for example, the typhus and smallpox epidemics and the plague. Early in the previous century there was an outbreak of the Spanish Flue and towards the end of the 60's, the AIDS epidemic (HIV). Since the start of the current century, several epidemics broke out and spread to various places around the world, for instance, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), the Avian Influenza and the Swine Influenza. In 2014 there was an outbreak of Ebola (Ebola virus disease) and in 2015 the Zika virus emerged and there were more. Epidemics cause havoc and impact all areas of life. Each epidemic takes an unfathomable price in lives. It is estimated, for example, that the AIDS epidemic took the lives of some 30 million people. The Corona virus (Covid-19) broke out in China, towards the end of 2019 and spread to most parts of the world. The implications of the outbreak are similar in many countries, among others, due to the uncertainty regarding the way the virus spreads, the appropriate treatment, the lack of vaccination and the high rate of deaths. Naturally, at such times physical protection is a top priority. However, coping with the implications to people's mental health is no less important and these may result in long-term negative impacts."}, {"pmid": 32437932, "pmcid": "PMC7211646", "title": "Usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage in the management of patients presenting with lung infiltrates and suspect COVID-19-associated pneumonia: A case report.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gualano, Gina", "Musso, Maria", "Mosti, Silvia", "Mencarini, Paola", "Mastrobattista, Annelisa", "Pareo, Carlo", "Zaccarelli, Mauro", "Migliorisi, Paolo", "Vittozzi, Pietro", "Zumla, Alimudin", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Palmieri, Fabrizio"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437932", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report a clinical case of a patient with a compatible HRCT scan and two negative SARS-CoV-2 RNA upper respiratory tract specimens but with a confirmed viral infection by BAL (19 days after symptom onset). Revision of a patient's clinical charts with COVID-19 admitted at INMI L. Spallanzani Hospital RESULTS: Two oropharyngeal swab tests of SARS-CoV-2 by qualitative real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay were performed at admission (17 days from symptoms onset) and a day apart and were found negative. BAL fluid collected 19 days after symptoms onset was positive for SARS-CoV-2. This case highlights importance of clinical suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection in diagnosis and infectivity assessment. We suggest collection of BAL fluid when consecutive nasopharyngeal swabs are negative, to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Healthcare workers should perform aerosol-generating procedures in an adequately ventilated room and should wear adequate PPE."}, {"pmid": 32444466, "title": "The Landscape of Human Cancer Proteins Targeted by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "authors": ["Tutuncuoglu, Beril", "Cakir, Merve", "Batra, Jyoti", "Bouhaddou, Mehdi", "Eckhardt, Manon", "Gordon, David E", "Krogan, Nevan J"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444466", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mapping SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interactions by Gordon et al. revealed druggable targets that are hijacked by the virus. Here, we highlight several oncogenic pathways identified at the host-virus interface of SARS-CoV-2 to enable cancer biologists apply their knowledge for rapid drug repurposing to treat COVID-19, and help inform the response to potential long-term complications of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32318914, "pmcid": "PMC7173354", "title": "The paramount importance of serological surveys of SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity.", "journal": "Eur J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Goudsmit, Jaap"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318914", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411360, "pmcid": "PMC7183247", "title": "Design for extreme scalability: A wordless, globally scalable COVID-19 prevention animation for rapid public health communication.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Adam, Maya", "Barnighausen, Till", "McMahon, Shannon A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411360", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32062875, "title": "[Retracted: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 34 children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Shenzhen].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, X F", "Yuan, J", "Zheng, Y J", "Chen, J", "Bao, Y M", "Wang, Y R", "Wang, L F", "Li, H", "Zeng, J X", "Zhang, Y H", "Liu, Y X", "Liu, L"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32062875", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To describe the characteristics of clinical manifestations and epidemiology of children with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection. Methods: All 34 children with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR through nasopharyngeal swab specimens were admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen from January 19 to Febuary 7, 2020. Clinical data and epidemiological history of these patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results: Among the 34 cases, 14 were males, and 20 were females. The median age was 8 years and 11 months. No patients had underlying diseases. There were 28 children (82%) related with a family cluster outbreak. There were 26 children (76%) with a travel or residence history in Hubei Province. These patients could be categorized into different clinical types, including 22 (65%) common cases, 9 (26%) mild cases and 3 (8.8%) asymptomatic cases. No severe or critical cases were identified. The most common symptoms were fever (17 cases, 50%) and cough (13 cases, 38% ). In the 34 cases, the white blood cell counts of 28 cases (82%) were normal. Five cases had white blood cell counts more than 10\u00d710(9)/L. One case had white blood cell counts less than 4\u00d710(9)/L. Neutropenia and lymphopenia was found in one case, respectively. C-reactive protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rates were elevated in 1 and 5 case, respectively. Elevated procalcitonin was found in 1 case and D-Dimer in 3 cases. The levels of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were more than 400 U/L in 10 cases. The CT images of these patients showed bilateral multiple patchy or nodular ground-glass opacities and/or infiltrating shadows in middle and outer zone of the lung or under the pleura. Twenty patients were treated with lopinavir and ritonavir. Glucocorticoids and immunoglobulin were not used in any cases. All the cases improved and were discharged from hospital. Further following up was need. Conclusions: The clinical manifestations in children with 2019-nCoV infection are non-specific and are milder than that in adults. Chest CT scanning is heplful for early diagnosis. Children's infection is mainly caused by family cluster outbreak and imported cases. Family daily prevention is the main way to prevent 2019-nCoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32135587, "title": "[2019 novel coronavirus infection in a three-month-old baby].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Y H", "Lin, D J", "Xiao, M F", "Wang, J C", "Wei, Y", "Lei, Z X", "Zeng, Z Q", "Li, L", "Li, H A", "Xiang, W"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32135587", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294511, "pmcid": "PMC7152925", "title": "Minimizing intra-hospital transmission of COVID-19: the role of social distancing.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Wee, L E", "Conceicao, E P", "Sim, X Y J", "Aung, M K", "Tan, K Y", "Wong, H M", "Wijaya, L", "Tan, B H", "Ling, M L", "Venkatachalam, I"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294511", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222703, "pmcid": "PMC7179522", "title": "COVID-19 Infection in a Patient with End-Stage Kidney Disease.", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Fu, Dian", "Yang, Bo", "Xu, Jing", "Mao, Zhiguo", "Zhou, Chenchen", "Xue, Cheng"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222703", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread very rapidly in China and worldwide. In this article, we report on a 75-year-old man infected with 2019 novel coronavirus who has end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). COVID-19 patients with ESKD need isolation dialysis, but most of them cannot be handled in time due to limited continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) machines. CRRT provided benefits for this patient by removing potentially damaging toxins and stabilizing his metabolic and hemodynamic status. With the control of uremia and fluid status, this patient ended up with an uneventful post-CRRT course, absence of clinical symptoms, and negative PCR tests. Greater efforts are needed to decrease the mortality of COVID-19-infected ESKD patients."}, {"pmid": 32344438, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: An International Survey in April 2020.", "journal": "Nuklearmedizin", "authors": ["Freudenberg, Lutz S", "Dittmer, Ulf", "Herrmann, Ken"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344438", "countries": ["Germany", "Switzerland", "Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2002Preparations of health systems to accommodate large number of severely ill COVID-19 patients in March/April 2020 has a significant impact on nuclear medicine departments. \u2002A web-based questionnaire was designed to differentiate the impact of the pandemic on inpatient and outpatient nuclear medicine operations and on public versus private health systems, respectively. Questions were addressing the following issues: impact on nuclear medicine diagnostics and therapy, use of recommendations, personal protective equipment, and organizational adaptations. The survey was available for 6 days and closed on April 20, 2020. \u2002113 complete responses were recorded. Nearly all participants (97\u200a%) report a decline of nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures. The mean reduction in the last three weeks for PET/CT, scintigraphies of bone, myocardium, lung thyroid, sentinel lymph-node are -14.4\u200a%, -47.2\u200a%, -47.5\u200a%, -40.7\u200a%, -58.4\u200a%, and -25.2\u200a% respectively. Furthermore, 76\u200a% of the participants report a reduction in therapies especially for benign thyroid disease (-41.8\u200a%) and radiosynoviorthesis (-53.8\u200a%) while tumor therapies remained mainly stable. 48\u200a% of the participants report a shortage of personal protective equipment. \u2002Nuclear medicine services are notably reduced 3 weeks after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic reached Germany, Austria and Switzerland on a large scale. We must be aware that the current crisis will also have a significant economic impact on the healthcare system. As the survey cannot adapt to daily dynamic changes in priorities, it serves as a first snapshot requiring follow-up studies and comparisons with other countries and regions."}, {"pmid": 32391742, "title": "Abdominal Imaging Findings in COVID-19: Preliminary Observations.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Bhayana, Rajesh", "Som, Avik", "Li, Matthew D", "Carey, Denston E", "Anderson, Mark A", "Blake, Michael A", "Catalano, Onofrio", "Gee, Michael S", "Hahn, Peter F", "Harisinghani, Mukesh", "Kilcoyne, Aoife", "Lee, Susanna I", "Mojtahed, Amirkasra", "Pandharipande, Pari V", "Pierce, Theodore T", "Rosman, David A", "Saini, Sanjay", "Samir, Anthony E", "Simeone, Joseph F", "Gervais, Debra A", "Velmahos, George", "Misdraji, Joseph", "Kambadakone, Avinash"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391742", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a target of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), demonstrates its highest surface expression in the lung, small bowel, and vasculature, suggesting abdominal viscera may be susceptible to injury. Purpose To report abdominal imaging findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, patients consecutively admitted to a single quaternary care center from 3/27/2020 to 4/10/2020 who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were included. Abdominal imaging studies performed in these patients were reviewed and salient findings recorded. Medical records were reviewed for clinical data. Univariable analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results 412 patients (average age 57 years; range 18->90 years; 241 men, 171 women) were evaluated. 224 abdominal imaging studies were performed (radiographs, n=137; ultrasound, n=44; CT, n=42; MRI, n=1) in 134 patients (33%). Abdominal imaging was associated with age (odds ratio [OR] 1.03 per year increase, p=0.001) and ICU admission (OR 17.3, p<0.001). Bowel wall abnormalities were seen on 31% of CT scans (13 of 42) and were associated with ICU admission (OR 15.5, p=0.01). Bowel findings included pneumatosis or portal venous gas, seen on 20% of CT scans in ICU patients (4 of 20). Surgical correlation (n=4) revealed unusual yellow discoloration of bowel (n=3) and bowel infarction (n=2). Pathology demonstrated ischemic enteritis with patchy necrosis and fibrin thrombi in arterioles (n=2). Of right upper quadrant ultrasounds, 87% (32 of 37) were performed for liver laboratory findings, and 54% (20 of 37) demonstrated a dilated sludge-filled gallbladder suggestive of cholestasis. Patients with a cholecystostomy tube placed (n=4) had negative bacterial cultures. Conclusion Bowel abnormalities and cholestasis were common findings on abdominal imaging of inpatients with COVID-19. Patients who went to laparotomy often had ischemia, possibly due to small vessel thrombosis."}, {"pmid": 32298801, "pmcid": "PMC7153523", "title": "Mental wellness system for COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Qiu, Jian-Yin", "Zhou, Dong-Sheng", "Liu, Jian", "Yuan, Ti-Fei"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298801", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307593, "pmcid": "PMC7167303", "title": "Therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Li, Lei", "Li, Ranran", "Wu, Zhixiong", "Yang, Xianghong", "Zhao, Mingyan", "Liu, Jiao", "Chen, Dechang"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307593", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak originated from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019, it has become a clinical threat to the general population worldwide. Among people infected with the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), the intensive management of the critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU) needs substantial medical resource. In the present article, we have summarized the promising drugs, adjunctive agents, respiratory supportive strategies, as well as circulation management, multiple organ function monitoring and appropriate nutritional strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 in the ICU based on the previous experience of treating other viral infections and influenza. These treatments are referable before the vaccine and specific drugs are available for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32389615, "pmcid": "PMC7200363", "title": "The potential impact of COVID-19 on psychosis: A rapid review of contemporary epidemic and pandemic research.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Brown, Ellie", "Gray, Richard", "Lo Monaco, Samantha", "O'Donoghue, Brian", "Nelson, Barnaby", "Thompson, Andrew", "Francey, Shona", "McGorry, Pat"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389615", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak may profoundly impact population mental health because of exposure to substantial psychosocial stress. An increase in incident cases of psychosis may be predicted. Clinical advice on the management of psychosis during the outbreak needs to be based on the best available evidence. We undertook a rapid review of the impact of epidemic and pandemics on psychosis. Fourteen papers met inclusion criteria. Included studies reported incident cases of psychosis in people infected with a virus of a range of 0.9% to 4%. Psychosis diagnosis was associated with viral exposure, treatments used to manage the infection, and psychosocial stress. Clinical management of these patients, where adherence with infection control procedures is paramount, was challenging. Increased vigilance for psychosis symptoms in patients with COVID-19 is warranted. How to support adherence to physical distancing requirements and engagement with services in patients with existing psychosis requires careful consideration. Registration details: https://osf.io/29pm4."}, {"pmid": 32389405, "pmcid": "PMC7184973", "title": "Understanding Antibody Testing for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Jacofsky, David", "Jacofsky, Emilia M", "Jacofsky, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389405", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The orthopedic community has seen the COVID-19 pandemic decimate elective surgical volumes in most geographies. Patients and essential workers, such as health care providers, remain rightfully concerned about how to appropriately begin to return to work and community activity in a safe and responsible manner. Many believe that testing for the presence of antibodies on a widespread scale could help drive evidence-based decision-making, both on an individual and societal scale. Much information, and an equal amount of misinformation, has been produced on antibody testing. Education about the role and science of such testing is critically important for programs to be effectively understood and managed."}, {"pmid": 32220829, "title": "Covid-19: what do trainees need to know?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220829", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447100, "pmcid": "PMC7240273", "title": "COVID-19 symptoms masking inaugural ketoacidosis of type 1 diabetes.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab", "authors": ["Potier, L", "Julla, J B", "Roussel, R", "Boudou, P", "Gauthier, D C", "Ketfi, C", "Gautier, J F"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447100", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489028, "title": "[Rationality of Asari Radix et Rhizoma in Qingfei Paidu Decoction based on literature analysis].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Qin, Zi-Nan", "Wang, Meng-Xin", "Shi, Nan-Nan", "Wang, Yan-Ping", "Zhai, Hua-Qiang"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489028", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Qingfei Paidu Decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine compound recommended by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for clinical therapies of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). Qingfei Paidu Decoction consists of 21 traditional Chinese medicines, such as Asari Radix et Rhizoma. However, the dosage of Asari Radix et Rhizoma has been questioned by some people, because of one ancient proverb. To explore the rationality of the dosage of Asari Radix et Rhizoma in Qingfei Paidu Decoction, this study systematically examined the ancient and modern physicians' understanding of the toxicity of Asari Radix et Rhizoma, and collated the application and dosage of Asari Radix et Rhizoma in ancient prescriptions and modern clinics based on literature analysis. As a result, we found that ancient and modern physicians have different understanding on the toxicity of Asari Radix et Rhizoma and that the theory about the dosage of Asari Radix et Rhizoma is flawed. We also found that the dose of Asari Radix et Rhizoma in ancient and modern clinical applications was not constrained by ancient experience. Physicians usually increase the dosage of Asari Radix et Rhizoma in clinical therapy according to the actual conditions, and there were no adverse reactions. Additionally, according to laws and regulations concerning medical affairs, physician could increase or decrease the dosage of the drug under special circumstances. Based on the analysis of safety and effectiveness of Asari Radix et Rhizoma in Qingfei Paidu Decoction, we conclude that the dose of Asari Radix et Rhizoma in Qingfei Paidu Decoction is safe, effective and reasonable."}, {"pmid": 32452902, "title": "Planning for Reactivation of Ambulatory Care Settings Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions.", "journal": "J Ambul Care Manage", "authors": ["Murphy, James"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452902", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to COVID-19 pandemic social distancing restrictions, ambulatory care settings have largely transitioned to virtual health care delivery. As local, state, and federal officials discuss timelines for these restrictions to be lifted, ambulatory leadership is tasked with the responsibility of developing reactivation plans for its clinics to resume in-person care. This article discusses a method in which ambulatory leadership can determine the clinic's deficit in patient encounters, set a time period to return to normal operations, planning for space and scheduling changes, balancing in-person virtual visits, and thoughtfully communicating these plans to clinic staff and providers."}, {"pmid": 32504543, "pmcid": "PMC7269709", "title": "Expression of concern: Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet Editors"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504543", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486534, "title": "[Pathological changes of fatal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the lungs: report of 10 cases by postmortem needle autopsy].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wu, J H", "Li, X", "Huang, B", "Su, H", "Li, Y", "Luo, D J", "Chen, S", "Ma, L", "Wang, S H", "Nie, X", "Peng, L"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486534", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives: To observe the pulmonary changes with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in postmortem needle specimens, to detect the presence of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) in the lung tissues, and to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics. Methods: For 10 decedents with 2019-nCoV infection in Wuhan, bilateral lungs underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous multi-point puncture autopsy, and pulmonary pathological changes were described in routine hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) slides. Electron microscopy was also performed. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to detect 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in lung tissue, and the pathological characteristics were demonstrated in combination with clinical data analysis. Results: Of the 10 deaths associated with COVID-19, 7 were male and 3 were female. The average age was 70 (39-87) years. Medical record showed that 7 patients had underlying diseases. The average course of disease was 30 (16-36) days. Nine cases showed fibrinous and suppurative exudation in the alveolar cavity accompanied by the formation of hyaline membrane, and fibroblastic proliferation of alveolar septum. Type \u2161 alveolar epithelial cells showed reactive hyperplasia and desquamation. Many macrophages accumulated in the alveolar cavity. Capillary hyaline thrombus and intravascular mixed thrombus were noted. In some cases, acute bronchiolitis with mucous membrane exfoliation, accumulation of bronchiolar secretions, and bronchiolar epithelial metaplasia occurred. In the cohort, a large number of bacteria (cocci) were detected in 1 case and a large number of fungi (yeast type) were detected in 1 case. Nine cases were positive for the nucleic acids of 2019-nCoV while one case remained negative by RT-PCR. Coronavirus particles were detected in the cytoplasm of type \u2161 alveolar epithelium. Conclusions: The pulmonary pathological changes of fatal COVID-19 are diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), mainly in the acute exudative stage and the organic proliferative stage. There are fibrinous exudate aggregation in alveolar cavity with hyaline membrane formation, fibroblastic proliferation in alveolar septum, and alveolar epithelial cell injuries with reactive hyperplasia and desquamation of type \u2161 alveolar epithelial cells. A large amount of neutrophils and monocytes infiltration is present in most cases and bacteria and fungi are detected in some cases, suggesting a serious bacterial or fungal infection secondary to the DAD."}, {"pmid": 32314784, "pmcid": "PMC7188183", "title": "A Frail Health Care System for an Old Population: Lesson form the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Volpato, Stefano", "Landi, Francesco", "Incalzi, Raffaele Antonelli"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314784", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488186, "title": "Pandemic research: UK must coordinate.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Dafforn, Tim R"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488186", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531308, "title": "International surgical guidance for COVID-19: Validation using an international Delphi process - Cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Aj, Beamish", "C, Brown", "T, Abdelrahman", "Harper E, Ryan", "Rl, Harries", "Rj, Egan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531308", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "International professional bodies have been quick to disseminate initial guidance documents during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the absence of firm evidence, these have been developed by expert committees, limited in participant number. This study aimed to validate international COVID-19 surgical guidance using a rapid Delphi consensus exercise. Delphi statements were directly mapped to guidance from surgical professional bodies in the US and Europe (SAGES/EAES), the UK (Joint RCS), and Australasia (RACS), to validate content against international consensus. Agreement from \u226570% participants was determined as consensus agreement. The Delphi exercise was completed by 339 individuals from 41 countries and 52 statements were mapped to the guidance, 47 (90.4%) reaching consensus agreement. Of these, 27 statements were mapped to SAGES/EAES guidance, 21 to the Joint RCS document, and 33 to the RACS document. Within the SAGES/EAES document, 92.9% of items reached consensus agreement (median 89.0%, range 60.5-99.2%), 90.4% within the Joint RCS document (87.6%, 63.4-97.9%), and 90.9% within the RACS document (85.5%, 18.7-98.8%). Statements lacking consensus related to the surgical approach (open vs. laparoscopic), dual consultant operating, separate instrument decontamination, and stoma formation rather than anastomosis. Initial surgical COVID-19 guidance from the US, Europe and Australasia was widely supported by an international expert community, although a small number of contentious areas emerged. These findings should be addressed in future guidance iterations, and should stimulate urgent investigation of non-consensus areas."}, {"pmid": 32222995, "pmcid": "PMC7228331", "title": "Phylogenetic analysis of the first four SARS-CoV-2 cases in Chile.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Castillo, Andres E", "Parra, Barbara", "Tapia, Paz", "Acevedo, Alejandra", "Lagos, Jaime", "Andrade, Winston", "Arata, Loredana", "Leal, Gabriel", "Barra, Gisselle", "Tambley, Carolina", "Tognarelli, Javier", "Bustos, Patricia", "Ulloa, Soledad", "Fasce, Rodrigo", "Fernandez, Jorge"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222995", "countries": ["China", "Chile"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic caused by the new coronavirus is a worldwide public health concern. To aboard this emergency, and like never before, scientific groups around the world have been working in a fast and coordinated way to get the maximum of information about this virus when it has been almost 3 months since the first cases were detected in Wuhan province in China. The complete genome sequences of around 450 isolates are available, and studies about similarities and differences among them and with the close related viruses that caused similar epidemics in this century. In this work, we studied the complete genome of the first four cases of the new coronavirus disease in Chile, from patients who traveled to Europe and Southeast Asia. Our findings reveal at least two different viral variants entries to Chilean territory, coming from Europe and Asia. We also sub-classified the isolates into variants according to punctual mutations in the genome. Our work contributes to global information about transmission dynamics and the importance to take control measures to stop the spread of the infection."}, {"pmid": 32330351, "pmcid": "PMC7264498", "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on liver transplantation programs in Northern Italy.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Umberto, Maggi", "Luciano, De Carlis", "Daniel, Yiu", "Michele, Colledan", "Enrico, Regalia", "Giorgio, Rossi", "Marco, Angrisani", "Dario, Consonni", "Gianluca, Fornoni", "Giuseppe, Piccolo", "Maria, DeFeo T"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330351", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in a global pandemic, creating uncertainty toward the management of liver transplantation (LT) programs. Lombardy has been the most affected region in Italy: the current mortality rate of COVID-19 patients is 18.3% (10\u00a0022 deaths; April 10th) with hospitals in Lombardy having to expand the total number of ICU beds from 724 to 1381 to accommodate infected patients. There has been a drastic decrease in liver donors. From February 23rd until April 10th, 17 LTs were performed in Lombardy. Mean donor age was 49\u00a0years (range 18-74) whereas mean recipient age was 55 (13-69); mean MELD score was 12 (6-24). All donors underwent screening for SARS-CoV-2 prior to LT. Two patients tested positive after LT, and one patient died for COVID on POD 30. Sixteen\u00a0patients are alive after an average of 30\u00a0days post-LT (range 3-46). 10 patients have been discharged. This study has found no specific reason concerning the safety of recipients, to stop LT programs. Several key lessons from our experience are reported. However, due to the complex circumstances which surround the viral outbreak, the cessation or a reduction in LT activity is a pragmatic requirement."}, {"pmid": 32487520, "title": "A brave new world: the new normal for general practice after the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Khan, Nada", "Jones, Daniel", "Grice, Adam", "Alderson, Sarah", "Bradley, Stephen", "Carder, Paul", "Drinkwater, Jessica", "Edwards, Helen", "Essang, Blessing", "Richards, Suzanne", "Neal, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487520", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414712, "title": "The UK's public health response to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Scally, Gabriel", "Jacobson, Bobbie", "Abbasi, Kamran"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414712", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437697, "pmcid": "PMC7234773", "title": "Silent COVID-19: what your skin can reveal.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Guarneri, Claudio", "Rullo, Emmanuele Venanzi", "Pavone, Piero", "Berretta, Massimiliano", "Ceccarelli, Manuela", "Natale, Alfonso", "Nunnari, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437697", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247592, "pmcid": "PMC7132516", "title": "Author reply to Letters to the Editor \"COVID-19 pneumonia in Taiwan\".", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Cheng, Shao-Chung", "Fan Chiang, Yu-Long", "Huang, Chia-Husn", "Hsu, Yuan-Nian"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247592", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461321, "title": "Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus deficient in RNA cap guanine-N-7 methylation is attenuated and induces higher type I and III interferon responses.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Lu, Yunjian", "Cai, Hui", "Lu, Mijia", "Ma, Yuanmei", "Li, Anzhong", "Gao, Youling", "Zhou, Jiyong", "Gu, Howard", "Li, Jianrong", "Gu, Jinyan"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461321", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 5' cap methylation of viral RNA plays an important role in RNA stability, efficient translation, and immune evasion. Thus, RNA cap methylation is an attractive target for antiviral discovery and development of new live attenuated vaccines. For coronaviruses, RNA cap structure is first methylated at guanine N-7 (G-N-7) position by nonstructural protein 14 (nsp14), which facilitates and precedes the subsequent ribose 2'-O methylation by nsp16-nsp10 complex. Using porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an Alphacoronavirus, as a model, we showed that G-N-7 methyltransferase (G-N-7 MTase) of PEDV nsp14 methylated RNA substrates in a sequence-unspecific manner. PEDV nsp14 can efficiently methylate RNA substrates with various lengths in both neutral and alkaline pH environment, and can methylate cap analogs (GpppA and GpppG) and single nucleotide GTP but not ATP, CTP, or UTP. Mutations to the S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) binding motif in the nsp14 abolished the G-N-7 MTase activity and were lethal to PEDV. However, recombinant rPEDV-D350A with a single mutation (D350A) in nsp14, which retained 29.0% of G-N-7 MTase activity, was viable. Recombinant rPEDV-D350A formed significantly smaller plaque and had significant defects in viral protein synthesis and viral replication in Vero CCL-81 cells and intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-DQ) cells. Notably, rPEDV-D350A induced significantly higher expression of both type I and III interferons in IPEC-DQ cells compared to the parental rPEDV. Collectively, our results demonstrate that G-N-7 MTase activity of PEDV modulates viral replication, gene expression, and innate immune responses.IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses (CoVs) include a wide range of important human and animal pathogens. Examples of human CoVs include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and the most recently emerged SARS-CoV-2. Examples of pig CoVs include porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and swine enteric alphacoronavirus (SeACoV). There are no vaccines or antiviral drugs for most of these viruses. All known CoVs encode a bifunctional nsp14 protein which possesses ExoN and G-N-7 MTase activities, responsible for replication fidelity and RNA cap G-N-7 methylation, respectively. Here, we biochemically characterized G-N-7 MTase of PEDV nsp14 and found that G-N-7 MTase-deficient PEDV was defective in replication and induced higher type I and III interferons. These findings highlight that CoV G-N-7 MTase may be a novel target for rational design of live attenuated vaccines and antiviral drugs."}, {"pmid": 32479858, "pmcid": "PMC7256520", "title": "Challenges and Lessons for Managing Glaucoma during COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from Asia.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Husain, Rahat", "Zhang, Xiulan", "Aung, Tin"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479858", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402186, "pmcid": "PMC7252589", "title": "Targeting the Dimerization of the Main Protease of Coronaviruses: A Potential Broad-Spectrum Therapeutic Strategy.", "journal": "ACS Comb Sci", "authors": ["Goyal, Bhupesh", "Goyal, Deepti"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402186", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus (CoV) caused a pandemic named COVID-19, which has become a global health care emergency in the present time. The virus is referred to as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2) and has a genome similar (\u223c82%) to that of the previously known SARS-CoV (SARS coronavirus). An attractive therapeutic target for CoVs is the main protease (Mpro) or 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro), as this enzyme plays a key role in polyprotein processing and is active in a dimeric form. Further, Mpro is highly conserved among various CoVs, and a mutation in Mpro is often lethal to the virus. Thus, drugs targeting the Mpro enzyme significantly reduce the risk of mutation-mediated drug resistance and display broad-spectrum antiviral activity. The combinatorial design of peptide-based inhibitors targeting the dimerization of SARS-CoV Mpro represents a potential therapeutic strategy. In this regard, we have compiled the literature reports highlighting the effect of mutations and N-terminal deletion of residues of SARS-CoV Mpro on its dimerization and, thus, catalytic activity. We believe that the present review will stimulate research in this less explored yet quite significant area. The effect of the COVID-19 epidemic and the possibility of future CoV outbreaks strongly emphasize the urgent need for the design and development of potent antiviral agents against CoV infections."}, {"pmid": 32475056, "title": "Psoriasis, COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: focusing on the risk of concomitant biological treatment.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Magnano, M", "Balestri, R", "Bardazzi, F", "Mazzatenta, C", "Girardelli, C R", "Rech, G"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475056", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442437, "pmcid": "PMC7236745", "title": "The proteasome as a druggable target with multiple therapeutic potentialities: Cutting and non-cutting edges.", "journal": "Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Tundo, G R", "Sbardella, D", "Santoro, A M", "Coletta, A", "Oddone, F", "Grasso, G", "Milardi, D", "Lacal, P", "Marini, S", "Purrello, P", "Graziani, G", "Coletta, M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442437", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is an adaptable and finely tuned system that sustains proteostasis network under a large variety of physiopathological conditions. Its dysregulation is often associated with the onset and progression of human diseases; hence, UPS modulation has emerged as a promising new avenue for the development of treatments of several relevant pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The clinical interest in proteasome inhibition has considerably increased after the FDA approval in 2003 of bortezomib for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, which is now used in the front-line setting. Thereafter, two other proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib and ixazomib), designed to overcome resistance to bortezomib, have been approved for treatment-experienced patients, and a variety of novel inhibitors are currently under preclinical and clinical investigation not only for haematological malignancies but also for solid tumours. However, since UPS collapse leads to toxic misfolded proteins accumulation, proteasome is attracting even more interest as a target for the care of neurodegenerative diseases, which are sustained by UPS impairment. Thus, conceptually, proteasome activation represents an innovative and largely unexplored target for drug development. According to a multidisciplinary approach, spanning from chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology to pharmacology, this review will summarize the most recent available literature regarding different aspects of proteasome biology, focusing on structure, function and regulation of proteasome in physiological and pathological processes, mostly cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, connecting biochemical features and clinical studies of proteasome targeting drugs."}, {"pmid": 32175703, "title": "COVID-19 in the Shadows of MERS-CoV in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.", "journal": "J Epidemiol Glob Health", "authors": ["Barry, Mazin", "Al Amri, Maha", "Memish, Ziad A"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175703", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has plagued the Middle East since it was first reported in 2012. Recently, at the end of December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases were reported from Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China, linked to a wet seafood market with a new coronavirus identified as the etiologic agent currently named SARS-CoV-2. Most cases are in Mainland China with international spread to 25 countries. The novelty of the virus, the rapid national and international spread, and the lack of therapeutic and preventative strategies have led the WHO International Health Regulation emergency committee to declare the disease as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020. As it relates to countries with the ongoing MERS-CoV community cases and hospital acquired infections, there will be a huge challenge for HCWs to deal with both coronaviruses, especially with the lack of standardized and approved point of care testing. This challenge will now be faced by the whole global health community dealing with COVID-19 since both coronaviruses have similar presentation. Those patients should now be tested for both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 simultaneously, and with the continuing wide international spread of SARS-CoV-2, the travel history to China in the last 14 days will be of less significance."}, {"pmid": 32070466, "pmcid": "PMC7029450", "title": "Latest updates on COVID-19 from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Eurosurveillance Editorial Team"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32070466", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388551, "pmcid": "PMC7239143", "title": "Letter: The Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic on Neurosurgeons Worldwide.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["El-Ghandour, Nasser M F", "Elsebaie, Eman H", "Salem, Amany A", "Alkhamees, Abdullah F", "Zaazoue, Mohamed A", "Fouda, Mohammed A", "Elbadry, Rasha G", "Aly, Mohamed", "Bakr, Hebatalla", "Labib, Mohamed A", "Tobin, Matthew K", "Gragnaniello, Cristian", "Gonzalez-Lopez, Pablo", "Shamisa, Abdalla", "Jhawar, Balraj S", "Soliman, Mohamed A R"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388551", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279545, "title": "The consequences of COVID-19 for gastroenterology nursing.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Burch, Jennie"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279545", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Jennie Burch, Head of Gastrointestinal Nurse Education, St Mark's Hospital, London (jburch1@nhs.net), discusses the ramifications of coronavirus and the guidelines available to professionals working in gastroenterology."}, {"pmid": 32015508, "pmcid": "PMC7094943", "title": "A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Wu, Fan", "Zhao, Su", "Yu, Bin", "Chen, Yan-Mei", "Wang, Wen", "Song, Zhi-Gang", "Hu, Yi", "Tao, Zhao-Wu", "Tian, Jun-Hua", "Pei, Yuan-Yuan", "Yuan, Ming-Li", "Zhang, Yu-Ling", "Dai, Fa-Hui", "Liu, Yi", "Wang, Qi-Min", "Zheng, Jiao-Jiao", "Xu, Lin", "Holmes, Edward C", "Zhang, Yong-Zhen"], "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32015508", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Zika virus disease, present a major threat to public health1-3. Despite intense research efforts, how, when and where new diseases appear are still a source of considerable uncertainty. A severe respiratory disease was recently reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. As of 25 January 2020, at least 1,975\u00a0cases had been reported since the first patient was hospitalized on 12 December 2019. Epidemiological investigations have suggested that the outbreak was associated with a seafood market in Wuhan. Here we study a single patient who was a worker at the market and who was admitted to the Central Hospital of Wuhan on 26 December 2019 while experiencing a severe respiratory syndrome that included fever, dizziness and a cough. Metagenomic RNA sequencing4 of a sample of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the patient identified a new RNA virus strain from the family Coronaviridae, which is designated here 'WH-Human 1' coronavirus (and has also been referred to as '2019-nCoV'). Phylogenetic analysis of the complete viral genome (29,903\u00a0nucleotides) revealed that the virus was most closely related (89.1% nucleotide similarity) to a group of SARS-like coronaviruses (genus Betacoronavirus, subgenus Sarbecovirus) that had previously been found in bats in China5. This outbreak highlights the ongoing ability of viral spill-over from animals to cause severe disease in humans."}, {"pmid": 32456973, "pmcid": "PMC7245250", "title": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and the risk of Kawasaki disease in children.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Alizargar, Javad"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456973", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32084676, "title": "[Standardized diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer during the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Renji hospital].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Luo, Y", "Zhong, M"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32084676", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) is currently raging in China. It has been proven that NCP can be transmitted from human to human and cause hospital infection, which seriously threatens surgical staffs and inpatients. Although colorectal surgery is not a front-line subject in the fight against the epidemic, but in this special situation, now it is a difficult task that with the premise of how to maximize the protection for patients and their families, health of medical staff, and the safety of wards and hospitals, we can provide the highest quality medical services to ensure the orderly development of previous clinical work. Referring to the \"Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for NCP (Trial Version 4 and 5)\" and combining the actual practice situation in our hospital with the \"Summary of New Coronavirus Files of Shanghai Renji Hospital\", we summarize how to carry out the clinical practice of colorectal surgery under the situation of the prevention and control of the NCP epidemiology, meanwhile under such situation aiming the procedure of diagnose and treatment for emergency patients with colorectal tumor, we share the experiences of the diagnosis of colorectal tumor, the management of patients with colorectal cancer who are scheduled to be admitted for surgery, the protection of wards, the perioperative management. More importantly, we introduce in detail the operative management and perioperative management of colorectal surgery patients suspected or diagnosed with new coronary pneumonia, including prevention and control measures for medical staff, operating rooms and surgical instruments. The main points are as follows: (1) Multidisciplinary team (MDT) must be run through the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. The members include not only routine departments, but also respiratory department and infectious department. (2) Colonoscopy examination may cause cross infection of NCP to patients and doctors. Therefore, it is prior to examine the emergency cases and life-threatening patients (bleeding, obstruction, gastrointestinal foreign bodies, etc.). If the emergent patients (intestinal obstruction) with suspected or confirmed NCP, the surgeons must perform emergency surgery, and intestinal decompressive tube through colonoscopy is not recommended. (3) The colorectal cancer patients with suspected or confirmed NCP should be placed in the isolated room with separate medical devices, and the operative room with negative pressure (under-5 Pa) must be separated. All disposable medical items, body fluids and feces of the patients in perioperative periods must be unified disposed according to the medical waste standard. (4) The surgical medical workers who process colorectal cancer patients with NCP must be protected by three-level. After operation, the medical workers must receive medical observation and be isolated for 14 days. We hope our \"Renji experience\" will be beneficial to colleagues."}, {"pmid": 32322766, "pmcid": "PMC7175846", "title": "Achieving a Popliteal Venous Access for RRT in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient in Prone position.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech", "authors": ["Adams, Elliot", "Mousa, Albeir Y"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322766", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This patient is a 67-year-old male who initially presented to our facility with acute respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19. Soon after arrival at our facility, the patient decompensated, developing severe ARDS requiring intubation and prone positioning to maintain adequate oxygenation. Over the next few days, the patient developed acute kidney injury with oliguria and severe volume overload. The vascular surgery service was consulted to obtain central venous access for emergent CRRT. Upon our exam, the patient was sedated and paralyzed in a rotating prone-positioning bed. He could not be positioned supine without immediately becoming hypoxic and decompensating. A 50-cm Permcath was inserted via left popliteal vein. This case report outlines a possible challenging scenario that may encounter vascular interventionist when dealing with COVID-19 patients with respiratory compromise in prone position."}, {"pmid": 32364962, "pmcid": "PMC7175878", "title": "Association between chest CT features and clinical course of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Luo, Zhibing", "Wang, Na", "Liu, Ping", "Guo, Qian", "Ran, Linyu", "Wang, Feilong", "Tang, Yuling", "Li, Qiang"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364962", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This retrospective study aims to illustrate the radiographic characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the correlation with the clinical course. 195 hospitalized patients confirmed as Coronavirus Disease 2019\u00a0at First Hospital of Changsha, Hunan Province from December 31, 2019 to February 20, 2020 were enrolled. Chest computed tomography scan, clinical data and laboratory tests results were collected accordingly. Variable characteristics were recorded, radiographic evolution and outcome were analyzed along with the time course. Representative laboratory tests results were analyzed based on the image findings. Majority of the patients showed bilateral (73.8%), multiple lobes involvements (75.9%), peripheral distribution (83.1%), ground-glass opacification (41.0%), increased vascular margins (63.1%), long axis parallelism (55.9%), patchy ground-glass opacities beneath the pleura (51.3%) and consolidation (45.6%). According to the repeated radiology analysis, patients of improving/stable group tended to have younger age compared with worsening group (45.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015.0 VS. 59.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013.5, P\u00a0=\u00a00.001). Based on the laboratory test results, patients with positive image findings shared elder age, 46.0 (35.0-60.0)VS.31.0 (12.0-37.0) P\u00a0<\u00a00.001, and higher chance developing fever(P\u00a0<\u00a00.05); higher level of lymphocytes, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and lactate dehydrogenase; lower level of white blood cells, neutrophil and albumin(P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). There are several specific image changes along with the disease progression may be helpful in early recognition and differential diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019. Comprehensive assessments of both imaging feature and laboratory test results may offer an intact knowledge of Coronavirus Disease 2019."}, {"pmid": 32324428, "title": "The Potential Health Care Costs And Resource Use Associated With COVID-19 In The United States.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Bartsch, Sarah M", "Ferguson, Marie C", "McKinnell, James A", "O'Shea, Kelly J", "Wedlock, Patrick T", "Siegmund, Sheryl S", "Lee, Bruce Y"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324428", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, one of the major concerns is the direct medical cost and resource use burden imposed on the US health care system. We developed a Monte Carlo simulation model that represented the US population and what could happen to each person who got infected. We estimated resource use and direct medical costs per symptomatic infection and at the national level, with various \"attack rates\" (infection rates), to understand the potential economic benefits of reducing the burden of the disease. A single symptomatic COVID-19 case could incur a median direct medical cost of $3,045 during the course of the infection alone. If 80\u00a0percent of the US population were to get infected, the result could be a median of 44.6\u00a0million hospitalizations, 10.7\u00a0million intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, 6.5\u00a0million patients requiring a ventilator, 249.5\u00a0million hospital bed days, and $654.0\u00a0billion in direct medical costs over the course of the pandemic. If 20\u00a0percent of the US population were to get infected, there could be a median of 11.2\u00a0million hospitalizations, 2.7\u00a0million ICU admissions, 1.6\u00a0million patients requiring a ventilator, 62.3\u00a0million hospital bed days, and $163.4\u00a0billion in direct medical costs over the course of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32420958, "title": "Sofosbuvir as a potential option for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Nourian, Anahid", "Khalili, Hossein"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420958", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sofosbuvir may be a potential option in the treatment of COVID-19 based on the similarity between the replication mechanisms of the HCV and the coronavirus. According the limited experimental evidences, it is hypothesized that sofosbuvir might be a potential option to improve care of patients with COVID-19 especially at the start of the disease and before invasion of the virus into the lung parenchymal cells. Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir in treatment of COVID-19 may be considered in future clinical studies."}, {"pmid": 32489437, "pmcid": "PMC7259392", "title": "Clinical trials for coronavirus disease 2019: What is being evaluated and what is not.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Med", "authors": ["Arabi, Yaseen M", "Asseri, Ayed", "Webb, Steve", "Marshall, John", "Al Moamary, Mohamed S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489437", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the report of the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in late December 2019, there have been 204 610 cases worldwide as of 18 March, 2020. As part of the response to this outbreak, there has been an impressive amount of research undertaken to better characterize the disease and to evaluate therapeutic options. By March 12, 2020, there are more than 382 studies registered in the clinical trials databases addressing COVID-19 including more than 80 randomized controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32506730, "title": "Oral Manifestations in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Vieira, Alexandre R"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506730", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mart\u00edn Carreras-Presas et al. (2020) reported a case in May in Oral Diseases that they suggested was the first case report describing of a COVID-19 patient with oral manifestations including oral pain, desquamative gingivitis, ulcers and blisters. Galv\u00e1n Casas et al. (2020) provided a description in April in the British Journal of Dermatology of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in an impressive 375 case series, and with that, they had documented for the first time the oral manifestations of the disease. The report includes an atlas of these manifestations as a downloadable supplement that includes apparently 150 different cases and among those, two cases with intra-oral manifestations that vary from ulcers in the palatal mucosa, to localized erythema in the palate and the margins of gingiva."}, {"pmid": 32405639, "pmcid": "PMC7239199", "title": "At the heart of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Pellicori, Pierpaolo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405639", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396239, "pmcid": "PMC7272861", "title": "The impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease on 95 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Jiang, Guiyuan", "Cai, Yanping", "Yi, Xue", "Li, Yanping", "Lin, Yong", "Li, Qing", "Xu, Jingqing", "Ke, Mingyao", "Xue, Keying"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396239", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Studies have demonstrated that comorbidities, especially cardiovascular and endocrine diseases, correlated with poorer clinical outcomes. However, the impact of digestive system diseases has not been issued. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) on hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We extracted clinical data regarding 95 patients in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China, between 26 January and 21 February 2020. The Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) was used to assess the presence and severity of LPRD. An RSI\u2009 greater than \u200913 is considered to be abnormal. A total of 95 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled, with 61.1% (58/95), 32.6% (31/95), and 6.3% (6/95) being moderately ill, severely ill, and critically ill, respectively. In this study, 38.9% (37/95) of the patient had an RSI score over 13, which was indicative of LPRD. In univariable analysis, the age and RSI scores of severely or critically ill patients were statistically significantly higher than patients with moderate disease (P\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u2009.026 and P\u2009=\u2009.005, respectively). After controlling for age difference in a multivariable model, the RSI greater than 13, compared to RSI\u2009equal to \u20090, was associated with significantly higher risk of severe infection (P\u2009<\u2009.001; odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u200911.411; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.95-42.09) and critical infection (P\u2009=\u2009.028; OR=\u200919.61; 95% CI, 1.38-277.99). Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, RSI scores greater than 13, indicative of LPRD, correlated with poorer clinical outcomes. The prevalence of LPRD may be higher than the general population, which indicated that COVID-19 can impair the upper esophageal sphincter and aggravate reflux."}, {"pmid": 32469327, "pmcid": "PMC7222576", "title": "Pandemicity, COVID-19 and the limits of public health 'science'.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Richardson, Eugene T"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469327", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304649, "pmcid": "PMC7159850", "title": "Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Holmes, Emily A", "O'Connor, Rory C", "Perry, V Hugh", "Tracey, Irene", "Wessely, Simon", "Arseneault, Louise", "Ballard, Clive", "Christensen, Helen", "Cohen Silver, Roxane", "Everall, Ian", "Ford, Tamsin", "John, Ann", "Kabir, Thomas", "King, Kate", "Madan, Ira", "Michie, Susan", "Przybylski, Andrew K", "Shafran, Roz", "Sweeney, Angela", "Worthman, Carol M", "Yardley, Lucy", "Cowan, Katherine", "Cope, Claire", "Hotopf, Matthew", "Bullmore, Ed"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304649", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a profound effect on all aspects of society, including mental health and physical health. We explore the psychological, social, and neuroscientific effects of COVID-19 and set out the immediate priorities and longer-term strategies for mental health science research. These priorities were informed by surveys of the public and an expert panel convened by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences and the mental health research charity, MQ: Transforming Mental Health, in the first weeks of the pandemic in the UK in March, 2020. We urge UK research funding agencies to work with researchers, people with lived experience, and others to establish a high level coordination group to ensure that these research priorities are addressed, and to allow new ones to be identified over time. The need to maintain high-quality research standards is imperative. International collaboration and a global perspective will be beneficial. An immediate priority is collecting high-quality data on the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic across the whole population and vulnerable groups, and on brain function, cognition, and mental health of patients with COVID-19. There is an urgent need for research to address how mental health consequences for vulnerable groups can be mitigated under pandemic conditions, and on the impact of repeated media consumption and health messaging around COVID-19. Discovery, evaluation, and refinement of mechanistically driven interventions to address the psychological, social, and neuroscientific aspects of the pandemic are required. Rising to this challenge will require integration across disciplines and sectors, and should be done together with people with lived experience. New funding will be required to meet these priorities, and it can be efficiently leveraged by the UK's world-leading infrastructure. This Position Paper provides a strategy that may be both adapted for, and integrated with, research efforts in other countries."}, {"pmid": 32496257, "title": "Assessing health systems' responsiveness in tackling COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Neogi, Sutapa Bandyopadhyay", "Preetha, G S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496257", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health systems' responsiveness is the key to addressing infectious disease threats such as pandemics. The article outlines an assessment of health systems based on World Health Organization's building blocks for select countries. It also compares these with the findings from a more comprehensive analysis of Global Health Security (GHS) Index, which assesses the preparedness of the health system for such pandemics. The GHS report (2019) spelt out very objectively that none of the countries of the world was prepared to effectively handle such emergencies, should they arise. Observations emerging from different countries highlight these findings although some of them seem to be discordant. Overall, it appears that Asian countries could fight the battle better than most developed nations in the Europe and America during the current pandemic, despite having poor GHS scores. Experiences of these countries in facing similar crisis in the past probably sensitized their strained health systems for a greater good. There are several lessons to be learned from such countries."}, {"pmid": 32418724, "pmcid": "PMC7196393", "title": "Emergence of New Disease: How Can Artificial Intelligence Help?", "journal": "Trends Mol Med", "authors": ["Park, Yurim", "Casey, Daniel", "Joshi, Indra", "Zhu, Jiming", "Cheng, Feng"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418724", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergence of new disease remains a critical parameter in human health and society. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) allow for rapid processing and analysis of massive and complex data. In this forum article, the recent applications across disease prediction and drug development in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic are reviewed."}, {"pmid": 32347933, "pmcid": "PMC7197543", "title": "Covid-19 and Health at Work.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Agius, Raymond"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347933", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453861, "title": "Is molecular mimicry the culprit in the autoimmune haemolytic anaemia affecting patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Angileri, Francesca", "Legare, Sebastien", "Marino Gammazza, Antonella", "Conway de Macario, Everly", "Macario, Alberto J L", "Cappello, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453861", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32160299, "pmcid": "PMC7081175", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Protecting Hospitals From the Invisible.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Klompas, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160299", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222168, "pmcid": "PMC7194728", "title": "Antihypertensive drugs and risk of COVID-19?", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Brown, Joshua D"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222168", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389613, "pmcid": "PMC7203049", "title": "Long acting injectable antipsychotic medications: Ensuring care continuity during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Gannon, Jessica M", "Conlogue, Judith", "Sherwood, Robin", "Nichols, Jessica", "Ballough, Juliette R", "Fredrick, Noreen M", "Chengappa, K N Roy"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389613", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380930, "title": "Chloroquine and the potential adverse outcome in undiagnosed G6PD-deficient cases infected with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Screen", "authors": ["Khneisser, Issam", "Farra, Chantal"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380930", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32204949, "pmcid": "PMC7102616", "title": "An update on CT chest findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Lal, Amos", "Mishra, Ajay Kumar"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204949", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324531, "title": "The Practice of Wearing Surgical Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chiang, Cho-Han", "Chiang, Cho-Hung", "Chiang, Cho-Hsien", "Chen, Yee-Chun"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533674, "title": "Pharmaceutical care to hospital outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telepharmacy.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Margusino-Framinan, Luis", "Illarro-Uranga, Aitziber", "Lorenzo-Lorenzo, Karina", "Monte-Boquet, Emilio", "Marquez-Saavedra, Esther", "Fernandez-Bargiela, Noelia", "Gomez-Gomez, David", "Lago-Rivero, Natividad", "Poveda-Andres, Jose Luis", "Diaz-Acedo, Rocio", "Hurtado-Bouza, Juan Luis", "Sanchez-Gundin, Julia", "Casanova-Martinez, Cristina", "Morillo-Verdugo, Ramon"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533674", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hospital Pharmacy Service (HPS) in Spain have been impacted by the\u00a0health\u00a0 crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the outbreak has\u00a0forced HPSs to adapt their outpatient consultation services to Telepharmacy\u00a0to optimize clinical\u00a0 outcomes and reduce the risk of contagion. The purpose\u00a0of this article is to\u00a0 describe and analyze the experience of HPSs with outpatient\u00a0Telepharmacy\u00a0 during the COVID-19 pandemic and expose the lessons\u00a0learned. Measures have\u00a0 been adopted in on-site outpatient pharmacy\u00a0clinics to prevent exposure of\u00a0 patients and professionals to the virus. These\u00a0measures are based on national\u00a0 and international recommendations on\u00a0social distancing and hygiene. With\u00a0 regard to remote outpatient pharmacy\u00a0services, teleconsultation with drug\u00a0 dispensing has been promoted based\u00a0on five basic procedures, each with its\u00a0 advantages and limitations: home\u00a0drug delivery from HPSs, with the advantage\u00a0 of universal access and the\u00a0limitation of entailing a substantial investment in\u00a0 resources; HPS coordination\u00a0with primary care pharmacists, which requires no\u00a0 investments but with limited\u00a0access to some geographic areas; HPS coordination with community pharmacists based on a large network of pharmacies, which\u00a0 requires the patient to go to the pharmacy, without confidentiality being\u00a0 guaranteed for any patient; geolocation and hospital-based medication\u00a0 dispensing, which provides universal access and direct traceability, but entails\u00a0 investment in human resources; and HPS coordination with associations of\u00a0 patients, which does not entail any additional cost but limits the information\u00a0 available on the diseases of society members. Three main lessons have been learned during the pandemic: the satisfactory capacity of HPS to provide outpatient pharmacy consultation services in the setting of a public health crisis; the usefulness of Telepharmacy for the clinical follow-up, healthcare coordination, outpatient counseling, and informed dispensing and delivery of\u00a0 medication (with a high level of satisfaction among patients); and the need to\u00a0 foster Telepharmacy as a complementary tool through a mixed model of\u00a0 outpatient pharmacy consultation service that incorporates the advantages of\u00a0 each procedure and adapts to the individual needs of each patient in a context of humanized healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32416411, "pmcid": "PMC7252020", "title": "COVID-19 and autism.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Steinman, Gary"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416411", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of Covid-19 has created a paradigm for possibly gaining greater insight in two conditions:Studies since the beginning of this century have supported the view that IGF-1 deficiency in the neonate defines the basis of autism. As a result, it appears that interleukin-6 in corona virus-based infections causes reduced defenses because of suppressed IGF-1, especially in older patients. This may also portend an increase of autism in the offspring of gravidas currently affected severely by Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32484943, "title": "Recognizing and Mitigating the Threat Posed by COVID-19 to Otolaryngologists: A UK Perspective.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["Kumar, Nirmal", "Garas, George", "Swift, Andrew C", "O'Donoghue, Gerard M"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484943", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471272, "title": "Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2: A Possible Target in SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-19) Infection?", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Rossi, Francesca", "Tortora, Chiara", "Argenziano, Maura", "Di Paola, Alessandra", "Punzo, Francesca"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471272", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or CoV-19) appeared in Wuhan, China, causing a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 causes mild to severe respiratory tract inflammation, often developing into lung fibrosis with thrombosis in pulmonary small vessels and causing even death. COronaVIrus Disease (COVID-19) patients manifest exacerbated inflammatory and immune responses, cytokine storm, prevalence of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and increased levels of resident and circulating immune cells. Men show higher susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection than women, likely due to estrogens production. The protective role of&nbsp;estrogens, as well as an immune-suppressive activity that limits the excessive inflammation, can be mediated by cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2). The role of this receptor in modulating inflammation and immune response is well documented in fact in several settings. The stimulation of CB2 receptors is known to limit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, shift the macrophage phenotype towards the anti-inflammatory M2 type and enhance the immune-modulating properties of mesenchymal stromal cells. For these reasons, we hypothesize that CB2 receptor can be a therapeutic target in COVID-19 pandemic emergency."}, {"pmid": 32339533, "pmcid": "PMC7194589", "title": "Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by Covid-19 in a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Chee, Ying Jie", "Ng, Shereen Jia Huey", "Yeoh, Ester"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339533", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205284, "pmcid": "PMC7270493", "title": "Epidemiological, clinical characteristics of cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection with abnormal imaging findings.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiaoli", "Cai, Huan", "Hu, Jianhua", "Lian, Jiangshan", "Gu, Jueqing", "Zhang, Shanyan", "Ye, Chanyuan", "Lu, Yingfeng", "Jin, Ciliang", "Yu, Guodong", "Jia, Hongyu", "Zhang, Yimin", "Sheng, Jifang", "Li, Lanjuan", "Yang, Yida"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205284", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with abnormal imaging findings. Patients confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Zhejiang province from January 17 to February 8 who had undergone CT or X-ray were enrolled. Epidemiological and clinical data were analyzed among those with abnormal or normal imaging findings. Excluding 72 patients with normal images, 230 of 573 patients showed abnormalities affecting more than two lung lobes. The median radiographic score was 2.0, and there was a negative correlation between that score and the oxygenation index (\u03c1 = -0.657, P < 0.001). Patients with abnormal images were older (46.65 \u00b1 13.82), with a higher rate of coexisting condition (28.8%), a lower rate of exposure history, and longer time between onset and confirmation (5 days) than non-pneumonia patients (all P < 0.05). A higher rate of fever, cough, expectoration and headache, a lower level of lymphocytes, albumin, and serum sodium levels and a higher total bilirubin, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and C-reactive protein levels and a lower oxygenation index were observed in pneumonia patients (all P < 0.05). Muscle ache, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting, lower lymphocytes levels, and higher serum creatinine and radiographic score at admission were predictive factors for the severe/critical subtype. Patients with abnormal images have more obvious clinical manifestations and laboratory changes. Combing clinical features and radiographic scores can effectively predict severe/critical types."}, {"pmid": 32460385, "title": "COVID-19 health restrictions in a transplanted Italian cohort.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Pascale, Marco Maria", "Bianco, Giuseppe", "Ferri, Lorenzo", "Agnes, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460385", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An exponential diffusion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prompted Italian Institutions to take extraordinary healthcare restrictive measures since 8th March 2020, declaring quarantine for COVID-19 (1)."}, {"pmid": 32501145, "title": "Venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) - a position paper of the German Society of Angiology (DGA).", "journal": "Vasa", "authors": ["Linnemann, Birgit", "Bauersachs, Rupert", "Grebe, Mathias", "Klamroth, Robert", "Muller, Oliver", "Schellong, Sebastian", "Lichtenberg, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501145", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": " As observed in other infections with a systemic inflammatory response, severe COVID-19 is associated with hypercoagulability and a prothrombotic state. Currently, there is growing evidence that pulmonary embolism and thrombosis contribute to adverse outcomes and increased mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19. The optimal thromboprophylactic regimen for patients with COVID-19 is not known. Whereas pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis is generally recommended for all hospitalized COVID-19 patients, adequate dosing of anticoagulants remains a controversial issue. Therefore, we summarize current evidence from the available literature and, on behalf of the German Society of Angiology (DGA), we aim to provide advice to establish an improved and more uniform strategy for thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32424417, "title": "Doctor of Physical Therapy Education in a Hybrid Learning Environment: Reimagining the Possibilities and Navigating a \"New Normal\".", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Gagnon, Kendra", "Young, Brian", "Bachman, Teresa", "Longbottom, Thomas", "Severin, Richard", "Walker, Michael J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424417", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Professional physical therapist education has experienced a transformation over the last few decades, moving to a doctoring profession with more autonomy and a broader scope of practice. These changes have occurred in parallel with systemic and structural changes in health care and higher education, both of which have experienced challenges with improving access and controlling costs, and have become a centerpiece of legislative and political discourse. At the same time, advances in technology have introduced new possibilities in education, with the emergence of online, blended, and \"flipped\" learning models that supplement or replace face-to-face instruction with distance learning. Hybrid education is a type of blended learning, utilizing both face-to-face and online instructional strategies. In a hybrid learning environment, online content may be delivered synchronously or asynchronously, replacing traditional face-to-face instructional time and reducing \"seat time\" for students. Recent attention has been brought to online and hybrid/blended learning in physical therapist education in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, as programs have been required to abruptly move from face to face to remote instruction. Hybrid and other forms of blended learning strategies have been described at the physical therapist education course level. However, there is no literature describing hybrid learning implementation at the physical therapist education program levsel, and there has been limited discussion on best practices for delivering hybrid, blended, and online instruction in physical therapist education. This perspective provides an overview of hybrid education, describes theoretical frameworks that guide implementation of a hybrid education curriculum, and discusses future directions for hybrid physical therapist education and educational research."}, {"pmid": 32334407, "pmcid": "PMC7165115", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pre-existing mental health problems.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Seshadri Sekhar", "Barikar C, Malathesh", "Mukherjee, Abir"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334407", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479979, "pmcid": "PMC7260509", "title": "Pernio-like skin lesions associated with COVID-19: a case series of 318 patients from 8 countries.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Freeman, Esther E", "McMahon, Devon E", "Lipoff, Jules B", "Rosenbach, Misha", "Kovarik, Carrie", "Takeshita, Junko", "French, Lars E", "Thiers, Bruce H", "Hruza, George J", "Fox, Lindy P"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479979", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasing evidence suggests pernio-like lesions are cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19. To describe clinical and pathologic findings of pernio-like lesions in confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases. An international dermatology registry was circulated to healthcare providers worldwide through the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), International League of Dermatologic Societies (ILDS), and other organizations. We documented 505 patients with dermatologic manifestations associated with COVID-19, including 318 (63%) with pernio-like lesions. Patients with pernio-like lesions were generally young and healthy, with relatively mild COVID-19. Of 318 cases confirmed or suspected as COVID-19 by providers, twenty-three cases (7%) were laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 positive, and 20 others (6%) were close contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Given current testing criteria, many patients lacked COVID-19 testing access. For 55% of patients, pernio-like lesions were their only symptom. In patients with other COVID-19 symptoms, pernio-like lesions typically appeared after other symptoms. Pernio-like lesions lasted a median of 14 days (IQR 10-21). A case series cannot estimate population level incidence or prevalence. Additionally, there may be confirmation bias in reporting. We cannot exclude an epiphenomenon. Pernio-like skin changes of the feet and hands, without another explanation, may suggest COVID-19 infection and should prompt confirmatory testing."}, {"pmid": 32387102, "pmcid": "PMC7196414", "title": "COVID-19-related prejudice toward Asian medical students: A consequence of SARS-CoV-2 fears in Poland.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Rzymski, Piotr", "Nowicki, Michal"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387102", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 has triggered global panic. We have conducted an anonymous online survey of Asian medical students in Poland to assess whether they experience any form of prejudice related to the ongoing pandemic. As demonstrated, the COVID-19 outbreak had triggered xenophobic reactions toward students of Asian-origin (n=85) before the first SARS-CoV-2 case was confirmed in Poland. Facing prejudice, including discrimination related to COVID-19, may add to feelings of isolation of students of Asian origin who study abroad, and affect career development, especially for students. We recommend that universities should proactively develop policies that support students, faculty, and staff affected by discriminatory behavior both during the current outbreak and in the future. However, preventing such behaviors should also be enforced by national authorities."}, {"pmid": 32470417, "pmcid": "PMC7250559", "title": "COVID-19 international neurological registries.", "journal": "Lancet Neurol", "authors": ["Roman, Gustavo C", "Reis, Jacques", "Spencer, Peter S", "Buguet, Alain", "Ozturk, Serefnur", "Wasay, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470417", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502092, "title": "Commercial Transport During a Pandemic: Network Analysis to Reconcile COVID-19 Diffusion and Vital Supply Chain Resilience.", "journal": "J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Lemke, Michael Kenneth", "Apostolopoulos, Yorghos", "Gallos, Lazaros K", "Sonmez, Sevil"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502092", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281368, "title": "War on Terror Cells: Strategies to Eradicate \"Novel Coronavirus\" Effectively.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah", "Khan, Naveed Ahmed"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281368", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Brain-eating amoebae are known to harbor a plethora of viral, bacterial, protozoal, and fungal pathogens and safeguard these pathogens against disinfectants. Due to their ubiquitous distribution in the environment and their status as the trojan horse of the microbial world, amoebae can provide novel coronavirus a means to susceptible hosts and possible transmission to the central nervous system. Here, we hypothesize that pursuing the host that harbor \"terror cells\" is a valuable approach in eradicating novel coronavirus in affected communities."}, {"pmid": 32414383, "pmcid": "PMC7227180", "title": "Plasma CRP level is positively associated with the severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob", "authors": ["Chen, Wei", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Liu, Saiduo", "Yan, Zhihan", "Xu, Chongyong", "Qiao, Zengpei"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414383", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized as highly contagious and deadly; however there is no credible and convenient biomarker to predict the severity of the disease. The aim of the present study was to estimate whether the CRP level is able to act as a marker in indicating the severity of COVID-19. Patients who complained cough or chest pain with or without fever were enrolled after laboratory confirmed of SARS-CoV-2 viral nucleic acid via qRT-PCR. Chest computed tomography (CT) was then performed to classify the patients into mild, moderate and severe pneumonia groups according to the interim management guideline. Then linear regression models were applied to analyze the association between c-reactive protein (CRP) levels and severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. When compared to mild pneumonia, the adjusted-Odds Ratio were 11.46, p\u2009=\u20090.029 and 23.40, p\u2009=\u20090.025 in moderate and severe pneumonia, respectively. The area under receiver operation curve was 0.898 (95% CI 0.835, 0.962, p\u2009<\u20090.001). Higher plasma CRP level indicated severe COVID-19 pneumonia and longer inpatients duration. The level of plasma CRP was positively correlated to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. Our findings could assist to discern patients of moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia from the mild ones. Our findings may be useful as an earlier indicator for severe illness and help physicians to stratify patients for intense care unit transfer."}, {"pmid": 32278811, "pmcid": "PMC7194941", "title": "Drug repositioning is an alternative for the treatment of coronavirus COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Serafin, Marissa B", "Bottega, Angelita", "Foletto, Vitoria S", "da Rosa, Tacieli F", "Horner, Andreas", "Horner, Rosmari"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278811", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the extreme importance of the current pandemic caused by COVID-19, and as scientists agree there is no identified pharmacological treatment, where possible, therapeutic alternatives are raised through drug repositioning. This paper presents a selection of studies involving drugs from different pharmaceutical classes with activity against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, with the potential for use in the treatment of COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32005086, "pmcid": "PMC7033706", "title": "An emerging coronavirus causing pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China: calling for developing therapeutic and prophylactic strategies.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Jiang, Shibo", "Du, Lanying", "Shi, Zhengli"], "date": "2020-02-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32005086", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243300, "pmcid": "PMC7172555", "title": "Utility of Substandard Face Mask Options for Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Abd-Elsayed, Alaa", "Karri, Jay"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243300", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360857, "pmcid": "PMC7252061", "title": "Hidradenitis suppurativa: the importance of virtual outpatient care during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Shah, Monica", "Naik, Haley B", "Alhusayen, Raed"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360857", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266993, "pmcid": "PMC7262111", "title": "Reporting of all cardiac medications and their outcome in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Mishra, Ajay K", "Sahu, Kamal K", "Lal, Amos"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266993", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506934, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Saudi Arabia's Role at National and International Levels.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Meo, Sultan Ayoub"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506934", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405235, "pmcid": "PMC7217344", "title": "COVID-19: A Personalized Cardiometabolic Approach for Reducing Complications and Costs. The Role of Aging Beyond Topics.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Saban-Ruiz, J", "Ly-Pen, D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405235", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32453196, "title": "A 14-year Prospective Study of Human Coronavirus Infections in Hospitalized Children: Comparison With Other Respiratory Viruses.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Calvo, Cristina", "Alcolea, Sonia", "Casas, Inmaculada", "Pozo, Francisco", "Iglesias, Maria", "Gonzalez-Esguevillas, Monica", "Luz Garcia-Garcia, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453196", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been recognized as causative agents of respiratory tract infections.Our aim was to describe HCoV infections in hospitalized children in a prospective surveillance study for 14 years and compare them with other respiratory viruses. As a part of an ongoing prospective study to identify the etiology of viral respiratory infections in Spain, we performed the analysis of HCoV infections in children hospitalized in a secondary hospital in Madrid, between October 2005 and June 2018. Clinical data of HCoV patients were compared with those infected by rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. The study population consisted of 5131 hospitalizations for respiratory causes in children. A total of 3901 cases (75.9%) had a positive viral identification and 205 cases (4.1%) were positive for HCoV. Only 41 cases (20%) of HCoV infection were detected as single infections. Episodes of recurrent wheezing were the most common diagnosis, and 112 children (54%) had hypoxia. Clinical data in HCoV cases were similar to those associated with rhinovirus; however, patients with HCoV were younger. Other viruses were associated with hypoxia more frequently than cases with HCoV; high fever was more common in influenza infections and bronchiolitis in respiratory syncytial virus group. Although a slight peak of circulation appears mostly in winter, HCoV has been detected throughout the year as well. HCoV infections represent a small fraction of respiratory infections that require hospitalization in children and their characteristics do not differ greatly from other respiratory viral infections."}, {"pmid": 32332334, "pmcid": "PMC7217134", "title": "Review of Hygiene and Disinfection Recommendations for Outpatient Glaucoma Care: A COVID Era Update.", "journal": "J Glaucoma", "authors": ["Shabto, Julie M", "De Moraes, Carlos Gustavo", "Cioffi, George A", "Liebmann, Jeffrey M"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332334", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review focuses on best practices and recommendations for hygiene and disinfection to limit exposure and transmission of infection in outpatient glaucoma clinics during the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32313361, "pmcid": "PMC7167562", "title": "Smart technologies for fighting pandemics: The techno- and human- driven approaches in controlling the virus transmission.", "journal": "Gov Inf Q", "authors": ["Kummitha, Rama Krishna Reddy"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313361", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "How do governments in China and Western democracies differ in their technological response to control the transmission of the pandemic? Based on an analysis of academic papers, World Health Organization reports and newspapers, this research compares two opposing approaches, whereas the Chinese cities and government have adopted a techno-driven approach, Western governments have adopted a human-driven approach to control the transmission of Covid-19. The findings highlight that although the techno driven approach may be more productive to identify, isolate and quarantine infected individuals, it also results in the suppression and censoring the citizen views. It is further emphasized that human interaction with the technology is mediated by the political and institutional context in which the technologies are implemented. This paper contributes to literature by understanding the human-technology relationship, and offers five practical observations for controlling virus transmissions during pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32487271, "title": "Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients in convalescence period.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Liu, B M", "Yang, Q Q", "Zhao, L Y", "Xie, W", "Si, X Y"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487271", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and to analyse the epidemiological features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during convalescence. In this study, we enrolled 71 confirmed cases of COVID-19 who were discharged from hospital and transferred to isolation wards from 6 February to 26 March 2020. They were all employees of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University or their family members of which three cases were <18 years of age. Clinical data were collected and analysed statistically. Forty-one cases (41/71, 57.7%) comprised medical faculty, young and middle-aged patients (aged \u2a7d60 years) accounted for 81.7% (58/71). The average isolation time period for all adult patients was 13.8 \u00b1 6.1 days. During convalescence, RNA detection results of 35.2% patients (25/71) turned from negative to positive. The longest RNA reversed phase time was 7 days. In all, 52.9% of adult patients (36/68) had no obvious clinical symptoms, and the remaining ones had mild and non-specific clinical symptoms (e.g. cough, sputum, sore throat, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract etc.). Chest CT signs in 89.7% of adult patients (61/68) gradually improved, and in the others, the lesions were eventually absorbed and improved after short-term repeated progression. The main chest CT manifestations of adult patients were normal, GGO or fibre streak shadow, and six patients (8.8%) had extrapulmonary manifestations, but there was no significant correlation with RNA detection results (r = -0.008, P > 0.05). The drug treatment was mainly symptomatic support therapy, and antibiotics and antiviral drugs were ineffective. It is necessary to re-evaluate the isolation time and standard to terminate isolation for discharged COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32376006, "pmcid": "PMC7174173", "title": "Rational perioperative utilisation and management during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Krishnamoorthy, Vijay", "Bartz, Raquel", "Raghunathan, Karthik"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376006", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389755, "pmcid": "PMC7205699", "title": "Advocacy to provide good quality oncology services during the COVID-19 pandemic - Actions at 3-levels.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Lee, Anne W M", "Xu, Zhi-Yuan", "Lin, Lily", "Xu, Joy", "Yang, Jin", "Lee, Eric", "Hui, Tim", "Cheung, Jacob"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389755", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a devastating catastrophe to the whole world, China is the first country seriously affected. This review shows that it is possible to stop wide-spread infection in the country and to provide good quality oncology services even during this challenging period, through concerted efforts with well-organized actions at all levels (National/Municipal, Hospital and Department). The key strategies leading to successful impacts are summarized for sharing. In addition to making practice changes to cope with the adverse realities, oncologists should also work together to raise pragmatic suggestions to policy makers and be strong advocates to protect our patients from the detrimental effect of delay or compromised treatment."}, {"pmid": 32423535, "pmcid": "PMC7206433", "title": "Comparison of short-term mortality between mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 and influenza in a setting of sustainable healthcare system.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Lee, Jaehee", "Lee, Yong Hoon", "Chang, Hyun-Ha", "Choi, Sun Ha", "Seo, Hyewon", "Yoo, Seung Soo", "Lee, Shin Yup", "Cha, Seung Ick", "Park, Jae Yong", "Kim, Chang Ho"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423535", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502289, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 as a trigger of neurodegeneration: thinking ahead.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Outeiro, Tiago F", "Krisko, Anita"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502289", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320270, "title": "Obesity a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 Infection: Multiple Potential Mechanisms.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Sattar, Naveed", "McInnes, Iain B", "McMurray, John J V"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320270", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471004, "title": "Early COVID-19 infection after lung transplantation.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Keller, Brian C", "Le, Anh", "Sobhanie, Mahdee", "Colburn, Nora", "Burcham, Pamela", "Rosenheck, Justin", "Howsare, Molly", "Ganapathi, Asvin M", "Atyia, Sara A", "Haden, Michael", "Whitson, Bryan A", "Mokadam, Nahush A", "Nunley, David R"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471004", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the clinical syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, continues to rapidly spread, leading to significant stressors on global healthcare infrastructure. The manifestations of COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients are only beginning to be understood with cases reported to date in transplant recipients on chronic immunosuppression. Herein, we report the first case of COVID-19 in a lung transplant recipient in the immediate posttransplant period, and we describe the epidemiologic challenges in identifying the source of infection in this unique situation."}, {"pmid": 32275803, "title": "COVID-19, School Closings, and Weight Gain.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275803", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329958, "pmcid": "PMC7264555", "title": "Transition to a virtual multidisciplinary tumor board during the COVID-19 pandemic: University of Pittsburgh experience.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Dharmarajan, Harish", "Anderson, Jennifer L", "Kim, Seungwon", "Sridharan, Shaum", "Duvvuri, Umamaheswar", "Ferris, Robert L", "Solari, Mario G", "Clump, David A 2nd", "Skinner, Heath D", "Ohr, James P", "Zandberg, Dan P", "Branstetter, Barton 4th", "Hughes, Marion A", "Traylor, Katie S", "Seethala, Raja", "Chiosea, Simion I", "Nilsen, Marci L", "Johnson, Jonas T", "Kubik, Mark W"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329958", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Multidisciplinary conferences (MDC) are an important component of head and neck oncologic care including diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. Virtual MDC allows for improved collaboration between providers at distant sites and proper allocation of health care resources in a time of crisis. When approached systematically, a virtual MDC is feasible to design and implement in a large academic medical center with multiple satellite hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32234465, "pmcid": "PMC7118423", "title": "Recent progress in understanding 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated with human respiratory disease: detection, mechanisms and treatment.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Kang, Shuntong", "Peng, Wenyao", "Zhu, Yuhao", "Lu, Shiyao", "Zhou, Min", "Lin, Wei", "Wu, Wenfang", "Huang, Shu", "Jiang, Liping", "Luo, Xuan", "Deng, Meichun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234465", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral respiratory diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) always pose a severe threat to people. First identified in late December 2019, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV; SARS-CoV-2) has affected many provinces in China and multiple countries worldwide. The viral outbreak has aroused panic and a public-health emergency around the world, and the number of infections continues to rise. However, the causes and consequences of the pneumonia remain unknown. To effectively implement epidemic prevention, early identification and diagnosis are critical to disease control. Here we scrutinise a series of available studies by global scientists on the clinical manifestations, detection methods and treatment options for the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and also propose potential strategies for preventing the infection."}, {"pmid": 32507849, "title": "[Covid-19: factors associated with emotional distress and psychological morbidity in spanish population.]", "journal": "Rev Esp Salud Publica", "authors": ["Parrado-Gonzalez, Alberto", "Leon-Jariego, Jose C"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507849", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The socio-health emergency caused by COVID-19 may have a significant psychological impact on the population. For this reason, it is necessary to identify especially vulnerable social groups and protective factors that may reduce this impact, which was the objective of this study. Using snowball sampling approach, 1,596 people residing in Spain during the lockdown answered an online questionnaire that included information on sociodemographic variables, symptoms, and contact with the disease, risk perception, precautionary measures to prevent infection and coping strategies during lockdown. Psychological impact was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status with the Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Simple linear regression models were performed to analyze the associations between the study variables and the psychological impact of the pandemic and the mental health of the participants. Of all respondents, 24.7% reported a moderate or severe psychological impact, and 48.8% showed mental health problems. Women, students and the population with a lower level of economic income, in addition to those having less available space per person in the household presented a more significant psychological impact and worse mental health. Living with someone from the high-risk vulnerable group, and anticipating the adverse economic effects of social-health crisis raised the emotional distress and psychological morbidity. Precautionary measures to prevent infection did not present a connection to the psychological impact of the pandemic; however, several coping strategies did help to reduce it. These findings outline the existence of especially vulnerable social groups to the impact of the pandemic, and suggest lines of action that help reduce the psychosocial consequences of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32443023, "pmcid": "PMC7273944", "title": "Risk Stratification and Personal Protective Equipment Use in Pediatric Endoscopy During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: A Single-center Protocol.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Say, Daphne S", "de Lorimier, Arthur", "Lammers, Cathleen R", "Natale, JoAnne", "Lakshminrusimha, Satyan", "Wiedeman, Jean", "Partridge, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443023", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is now a global pandemic. Human-to-human transmission has been documented to occur through respiratory secretions, feces, aerosols, and contaminated environmental surfaces. Pediatric patients present a unique challenge as they may have minimal symptoms and yet transmit disease. Endoscopists face risk for infection with viruses like SARS-CoV-2, as the aerosol generating nature of endoscopy diffuses respiratory disease that can be spread via an airborne and droplet route. We describe our center's methodology for pediatric patient risk stratification to facilitate responsible use of endoscopic resources during this crisis. We also describe our recommendations for use of personal protective equipment by endoscopists, with the goal of ensuring the safety of ourselves, our anesthesiology and endoscopy staff, and our patients."}, {"pmid": 32422085, "pmcid": "PMC7224607", "title": "Cytokine Levels in the Body Fluids of a Patient With COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Report.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Wang, Changsong", "Kang, Kai", "Gao, Yan", "Ye, Ming", "Lan, Xiuwen", "Li, Xueting", "Zhao, Mingyan", "Yu, Kaijiang"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422085", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505994, "title": "Preferential use of total intravenous anesthesia in ambulatory otolaryngology surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Stewart, Matthew", "Thaler, Adam", "Hunt, Patrick", "Estephan, Leonard", "Boon, Maurits", "Huntley, Colin"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505994", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) pandemic has impacted nearly every aspect of otolaryngologic practice. The transition from office-based evaluation to telemedicine and the number of postponed elective surgical cases is unprecedented. There is a significant need to resume elective surgical care for these patients at the appropriate time. As practices begin to move towards resuming elective and same day ambulatory surgery, safety of both the patient and healthcare team is of paramount importance. Usage of total intravenous anesthesia (propofol and remifentanil) over volatile gas anesthesia (e.g., sevoflurane) may increase the number of patients able to safely receive care by reducing potential spread of the virus through reduction in coughing and significantly decreasing the time spent in the recovery room."}, {"pmid": 32259119, "pmcid": "PMC7114930", "title": "Daily Situation Report on Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran; March 14, 2020.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259119", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After detection of the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Iran, the National Committee on COVID-19 Epidemiology in Ministry of Health and Medical Education was established. This Committee is official source of gathering, analyzing, and reporting the COVID-19 data in Iran. The data of all sources in the country including, medical care monitoring center (MCMC), Hospitals' Information Systems (HIS), Laboratory portal, the data of the center for communicable disease control (MOH), as well as the data from community health centers are integrated and used in this regards. This factsheet contain daily situation report on coronavirus disease (covid-19) in Iran; March 14, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32481789, "title": "Q&A with Albert S. Woo, MD Forging a New Frontier in 3D Printing during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "R I Med J (2013)", "authors": ["Korr, Mary"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481789", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451881, "pmcid": "PMC7246297", "title": "A DNA Aptamer Based Method for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Chen, Zhiqiang", "Wu, Qihan", "Chen, Jing", "Ni, Xiaohua", "Dai, Jianfeng"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451881", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356858, "pmcid": "PMC7195693", "title": "Assessment of QT Intervals in a Case Series of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Treated With Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin in an Intensive Care Unit.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Bessiere, Francis", "Roccia, Hugo", "Deliniere, Antoine", "Charriere, Rome", "Chevalier, Philippe", "Argaud, Laurent", "Cour, Martin"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356858", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493601, "pmcid": "PMC7245267", "title": "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Sex Med", "authors": ["Torremade, Jose", "Martinez-Salamanca, Juan Ignacio"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493601", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250347, "title": "[Consensus Report from Turkish Society of Cardiology: COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases. What cardiologists should know. (25th March 2020)].", "journal": "Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars", "authors": ["Aktoz, Meryem", "Altay, Hakan", "Aslanger, Emre", "Atalar, Enver", "Aytekin, Vedat", "Baykan, Ahmet Oytun", "Barcin, Cem", "Baris, Nezihi", "Boyaci, Asiye Ayca", "Cavusoglu, Yuksel", "Celik, Ahmet", "Cinier, Goksel", "Degertekin, Muzaffer", "Ergonul, Onder", "Erturk, Mehmet", "Erol, M Kemal", "Gorenek, Bulent", "Gursoy, Mustafa Ozan", "Hunuk, Burak", "Kahveci, Gokhan", "Karabay, Can Yucel", "Karaca, Ilgin", "Kayikcioglu, Meral", "Keskin, Muhammed", "Kilic, Teoman", "Kirma, Cevat", "Kocabas, Umut", "Kucukoglu, Serdar", "Mutlu, Bulent", "Nalbantgil, Sanem", "Okuyan, Ertugrul", "Okyay, Kaan", "Kaptan Ozen, Deniz", "Ozgul, Sami", "Ozpelit, Ebru", "Pirat, Bahar", "Sert, Sena", "Sinan, Umit Yasar", "Sener, Yusuf Ziya", "Tatli, Ersan", "Tekkesin, Ahmet Ilker", "Tutar, Eralp", "Ural, Dilek", "Yildirimturk, Ozlem"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250347", "countries": ["China", "Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, in the city of Wuhan, in the Hubei province of China, treatment-resistant cases of pneumonia emerged and spread rapidly for reasons unknown. A new strain of coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2]) was identified and caused the first pandemic of the 21st century. The virus was officially detected in our country on March 11, 2020, and the number of cases increased rapidly; the virus was isolated in 670 patients within 10 days. The rapid increase in the number of patients has required our physicians to learn to protect both the public and themselves when treating patients with this highly infectious disease. The group most affected by the outbreak and with the highest mortality rate is elderly patients with known cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is necessary for cardiology specialists to take an active role in combating the epidemic. The aim of this article is to make a brief assessment of current information regarding the management of cardiovascular patients affected by COVID-19 and to provide practical suggestions to cardiology specialists about problems and questions they have frequently encountered."}, {"pmid": 32333844, "pmcid": "PMC7176392", "title": "Screening FMT donors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a protocol for stool SARS-CoV-2 viral quantification.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Ng, Siew C", "Chan, Francis K L", "Chan, Paul K S"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333844", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361723, "pmcid": "PMC7197616", "title": "Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Kun", "Zuo, Peiyuan", "Liu, Yuwei", "Zhang, Meng", "Zhao, Xiaofang", "Xie, Songpu", "Zhang, Hao", "Chen, Xinglin", "Liu, Chengyun"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361723", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to develop mortality-prediction models for patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The training cohort were consecutive patients with COVID-19 in the First People's Hospital of Jiangxia District in Wuhan from January 7, 2020 to February 11, 2020. We selected baseline clinical and laboratory data through the stepwise Akaike information criterion and ensemble XGBoost model to build mortality-prediction models. We then validated these models by randomly collecting COVID-19 patients in the Infection department of Union Hospital in Wuhan from January 1, 2020, to February 20, 2020. 296 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in the training cohort, 19 of whom died during hospitalization and 277 were discharged from the hospital. The clinical model developed with age, history of hypertension and coronary heart disease showed AUC of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80-0.95); threshold, -2.6551; sensitivity, 92.31%; specificity, 77.44% and negative predictive value (NPV), 99.34%. The laboratory model developed with age, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), neutrophil and lymphocyte count, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) had a significantly stronger discriminatory power than the clinical model (p=0.0157), with AUC of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.92-0.99); threshold, -2.998; sensitivity, 100.00%; specificity, 92.82% and NPV, 100.00%. In the subsequent validation cohort (N=44), the AUCs (95% CI) were 0.83 (0.68, 0.93) and 0.88 (0.75, 0.96) for clinical model and laboratory model, respectively. We developed two predictive models for the in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan and validated in patients from another center."}, {"pmid": 32409587, "pmcid": "PMC7246093", "title": "GI symptoms as early signs of COVID-19 in hospitalised Italian patients.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Buscarini, Elisabetta", "Manfredi, Guido", "Brambilla, Gianfranco", "Menozzi, Fernanda", "Londoni, Claudio", "Alicante, Saverio", "Iiritano, Elena", "Romeo, Samanta", "Pedaci, Marianna", "Benelli, Giampaolo", "Canetta, Ciro", "La Piana, Giuseppe", "Merli, Guido", "Scartabellati, Alessandro", "Vigano, Giovanni", "Sfogliarini, Roberto", "Melilli, Giovanni", "Assandri, Roberto", "Cazzato, Daniele", "Rossi, Davide Sebastiano", "Usai, Susanna", "Tramacere, Irene", "Pellegata, Germano", "Lauria, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409587", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396759, "title": "A review of methanol poisoning: a crisis beyond ocular toxicology.", "journal": "Cutan Ocul Toxicol", "authors": ["Pressman, Peter", "Clemens, Roger", "Sahu, Saura", "Hayes, A Wallace"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396759", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At first blush, methanol poisoning may be seen as an arcane problem generally associated with rapid ocular neuropathy. The emerging clinical reality is that methanol poisoning around the globe has claimed increasingly large numbers of deaths largely due to the press of poverty and the delay in suspecting and diagnosing methanol toxicity. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, false beliefs about methanol's preventive potential vs viral infection of have arisen. In March of this year, more than 300 Iranians died and 1000 became ill after consuming methanol in the hope that it would protect them against the novel coronavirus. We review the context and magnitude of methanol toxicity, pathophysiology, principal medical issues, and human variability in metabolism. While toxicologists and clinicians may need to be especially attentive to this problem, it is becoming clear that the social and economic underpinnings of the methanol poisoning crisis must be actively and urgently explored and managed as vigorously as its toxicologic and pathophysiologic components."}, {"pmid": 32470162, "title": "Management of a patient presenting with anterior STEMI with concomitant COVID-19 infection early in the course of the U.S. pandemic.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Rothstein, Eric S", "Welch, Terrence D", "Andrus, Bruce W", "Jayne, John E"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470162", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a viral illness with heterogenous clinical manifestations, ranging from mild symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and shock caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. The global healthcare community is rapidly learning more about the effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system, as well as the strategies for management of infected patients with cardiovascular disease. There is minimal literature available surrounding the relationship between COVID-19 infection and acute coronary syndrome. We describe the case of a woman who presented with an acute anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction managed by primary percutaneous coronary intervention, who subsequently developed severe COVID-19 infection and ultimately succumbed to multisystem organ failure."}, {"pmid": 32142886, "pmcid": "PMC7124248", "title": "Effective strategies to prevent coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in hospital.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Lee, I-K", "Wang, C-C", "Lin, M-C", "Kung, C-T", "Lan, K-C", "Lee, C-T"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142886", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229107, "pmcid": "PMC7118663", "title": "Dynamic change process of target genes by RT-PCR testing of SARS-Cov-2 during the course of a Coronavirus Disease 2019 patient.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Lv, Ding-Feng", "Ying, Qi-Ming", "Weng, Yue-Song", "Shen, Chi-Bin", "Chu, Jin-Guo", "Kong, Jing-Ping", "Sun, Ding-He", "Gao, Xiang", "Weng, Xing-Bei", "Chen, Xue-Qin"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229107", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the dynamic change process of target genes by RT-PCR testing of SARS-Cov-2 during the course of a COVID-19 patient: from successive negative results to successive single positive nucleocapsid gene, to two positive target genes (orf1ab and nucleocapsid) by RT-PCR testing of SARS-Cov-2, and describe the diagnosis, clinical course, and management of the case. In this case, negative results of RT-PCR testing was not excluded to diagnose a suspected COVID-19 patient, clinical signs and symptoms, other laboratory findings, and chest CT images should be taken into account for the absence of enough positive evidence. This case highlights the importance of successive sampling and testing SARS-Cov-2 by RT-PCR as well as the increased value of single positive target gene from pending to positive in two specimens to diagnose laboratory-confirmed COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32317823, "pmcid": "PMC7171439", "title": "Converting Home Spaces into Food Gardens at the Time of Covid-19 Quarantine: all the Benefits of Plants in this Difficult and Unprecedented Period.", "journal": "Hum Ecol Interdiscip J", "authors": ["Sofo, Adriano", "Sofo, Antonino"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317823", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "People are facing uncertain and difficult times in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. The benefits of plants (psychological, health, economic, productive) in this period of forced isolation can be of key importance. If many of us have to self-isolate in urban or suburban environments, we need something to do to keep our bodies and minds active and fed. In such a challenging scenario, a vegetable garden in home spaces can bring recreational, health, economic and environmental benefits. Regardless of the Covid-19 pandemic, there is untapped potential for this kind of garden to impact environmental outcomes, public awareness, and market trends. Home vegetable gardens could provide a small-scale approach to the sustainable use of natural resources, leading towards self-sufficiency, self-regulation, sustainability, and environmental protection."}, {"pmid": 32357998, "title": "Cardiac considerations in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Calvillo-Arguelles, Oscar", "Ross, Heather J"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357998", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371022, "pmcid": "PMC7158842", "title": "Controversy regarding ACE inhibitors / ARBs in COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Soria Arcos, Federico", "Romero Puche, Antonio", "Vicente Vera, Tomas"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371022", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311449, "pmcid": "PMC7165090", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection of hospital isolation wards hygiene monitoring during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak in a Chinese hospital.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Jie", "Feng, Haiting", "Zhang, Sheng", "Ni, Zuowei", "Ni, Lingmei", "Chen, Yu", "Zhuo, Lixin", "Zhong, Zifeng", "Qu, Tingting"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311449", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this paper was to monitor the presence of SARS-Cov-2 among hospital environment surfaces, sewage, and personal protective equipment (PPE) of staffs in isolation wards in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China. Surfaces of objects were routinely wiped with 1000mg/L chlorine containing disinfectant. Air and sewage disinfection was proceeded routinely and strictly. Hospital environmental surfaces and PPE of staffs in isolation wards were sampled using swabs. The sewage from various inlet and outlets were sampled. The respiratory and stool specimens of patients were collected. The respiratory specimens of staffs in the isolation wards were also sampled once a week. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) methods were used to confirm the existence of SARS-Cov-2 RNA. Viral culture was done for the samples positive for SARS-Cov-2 RNA. During the study period, 33 laboratory-confirmed patients were hospitalized in isolation wards in the hospital. None of SARS-Cov-2 RNA was detected among the 36 objects surface samples and 9 staffs PPE samples in isolation wards. Though the 3 sewage samples from the inlet of preprocessing disinfection pool were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and the sample from the outlet of preprocessing disinfection pool was weakly positive, the sewage sample from the outlet of the last disinfection pool was negative. All of the 5 sewage samples from various points were negative by viral culture of SARS-Cov-2. None of the respiratory specimens of staffs in the isolation wards were positive. Though SARS-Cov-2 RNA of the sewage samples were positive from inlets of the sewage disinfection pool and negative from the outlet of the last sewage disinfection pool, no viable virus was detected by culture. The monitoring data in this study suggested that the strict disinfection and hand hygiene could decrease the hospital-associated COVID-19 infection risk of the staffs in isolation wards."}, {"pmid": 32473098, "pmcid": "PMC7255284", "title": "A view from UK public health registrars on the challenges of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Allen, Matilda", "Braithwaite, Isobel", "Collinson, Shelui", "Oskrochi, Youssof", "Basu, Anamika"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473098", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527347, "title": "[Study on the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation inter-hospital transport during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic: based on the transport experience of 6 cases of severe H1N1 influenza virus pneumonia on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Xu, Qiancheng", "Jiang, Xiaogan", "Wang, Tao", "Zhou, Quan", "Wang, Jun", "Zhang, Peng", "Yang, Shangzhi", "Yan, Hao", "Tao, Xiubin", "Lu, Weihua"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527347", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide a reference for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) inter-hospital transport during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), based on the transport experience of 6 patients with severe H1N1 influenza virus pneumonia using ECMO. Clinical data of patients with severe H1N1 influenza virus pneumonia implemented by ECMO in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College from October 2018 to December 2019 were retrospective analyzed, including general information, ECMO transport distance, time, clinical parameters before and after ECMO, including the patients' oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), respiratory rate (RR), pulse blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), and pH value, various complications during transport, mechanical ventilation time, patients' prognosis and other indicators. Experience from the aspects of personal protection, transport process and equipment, team cooperation, mid-transit monitoring, quality control, etc., was summarized to provide suggestions for patients with severe COVID-19 using ECMO during inter-hospital transport and protection. A total of 6 patients with severe H1N1 influenza virus pneumonia were transported on ECMO. All patients were transported to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College by the ECMO transport team after the establishment of ECMO in the local hospital. The transfer distance was 11 to 197 km, with an average of (93.8\u00b158.6) km; the transfer time was 30 to 150 minutes, with an average of (79.2\u00b140.6) minutes. Two patients experienced a drop in ECMO flow and SpO2 during the process, and the main reason was insufficient volume, which was improved after fluid resuscitation and posture adjustment. All patients maintained SpO2 above 0.93. Six patients survived and were discharged. ECMO assisted time was 4-9 days, with an average of (6.5\u00b11.5) days; mechanical ventilation time was 7-24 days, and median time was 10.0 (8.0, 14.5) days. No H1N1 transmission occurred in medical personnel. To achieve good therapeutic effect, the main experience was to choose the proper timing and mode of ECMO; intact transportation vehicles and equipment to reduce or avoid mechanical complications; the effective management of respiration and circulation during the transportation to avoid ventilation-associated lung injury (VALI) and serious hypoxemia; the appropriate space for the transfer team to quickly handle various critical situations; and personal protection to avoid infection. With an experienced ECMO transport team, good transport equipment, comprehensive protection measures, reasonable transport procedures, and a perfect emergency plan, it is safe to use ECMO transport for COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32314881, "pmcid": "PMC7184275", "title": "[Strategy of dental clinics to cope with the epidemic period of infectious diseases based on the experience of corona virus disease outbreak].", "journal": "Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hua, Cheng-Ge", "Liu, Zhi-Qing", "Wang, Qing", "Yang, Zheng", "Xu, Qing-Hong", "Zhang, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314881", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of corona virus disease (COVID-19) has raised concerns among dentists to develop strategies to prevent infection of dental equipment, materials, and patients during an epidemic period. Strategies following the National Laws and Standards of China and local standards of several provinces for controlling cross-infection and instituting protective measures for medical staff in dental clinics during an epidemic period are discussed. A proposal is put forth for dental clinics that will face similar situations in the future. Further research is warranted to address potential problems that will be encountered under such dire circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32347572, "pmcid": "PMC7267273", "title": "Outcome of Parkinson's Disease Patients Affected by COVID-19.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Antonini, Angelo", "Leta, Valentina", "Teo, James", "Chaudhuri, K Ray"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347572", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379733, "title": "Public Health Response to the Initiation and Spread of Pandemic COVID-19 in the United States, February 24-April 21, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Schuchat, Anne"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379733", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From January 21 through February 23, 2020, a total of 14 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were diagnosed in six U.S. states, including 12 cases in travelers arriving from China and two in household contacts of persons with confirmed infections. An additional 39 cases were identified in persons repatriated from affected areas outside the United States (1). Starting in late February, reports of cases with no recent travel to affected areas or links to known cases signaled the initiation of pandemic spread in the United States (2). By mid-March, transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, had accelerated, with rapidly increasing case counts indicating established transmission in the United States. Ongoing traveler importation of SARS-CoV-2, attendance at professional and social events, introduction into facilities or settings prone to amplification, and challenges in virus detection all contributed to rapid acceleration of transmission during March. Public health responses included intensive efforts to detect cases and trace contacts, and implementation of multiple community mitigation strategies. Because most of the population remains susceptible to infection, recognition of factors associated with amplified spread during the early acceleration period will help inform future decisions as locations in the United States scale back some components of mitigation and strengthen systems to detect a potential transmission resurgence. U.S. circulation of SARS-CoV-2 continues, and sustained efforts will be needed to prevent future spread within the United States."}, {"pmid": 32281538, "pmcid": "PMC7205549", "title": "Society coexisting with COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Tanabe, Kazuhiro"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394672, "title": "The Italian dermatologic community facing COVID-19 pandemic: recommendation from the Italian society of dermatology and venereology.", "journal": "G Ital Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Micali, Giuseppe", "Musumeci, Maria L", "Peris, Ketty"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394672", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533928, "title": "Letter-to-the-Editor: Alternative Interpretation to the Findings Reported in Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 Virus Invading the Human Placenta Using Electron Microscopy.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Kniss, Douglas A"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533928", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357975, "title": "Early intervention likely improves mortality in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Goyal, Daniel K", "Mansab, Fatma", "Iqbal, Amir", "Bhatti, Sohail"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357975", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While some risk factors have been identified, the reasons for the disparities in disease progression with COVID-19 are unclear, with some patients developing progressive and severe disease while in others the course is benign. Given this sense of randomness, and in the absence of a definitive treatment, medical professionals can feel helpless. It is useful to remember how much can be done to affect the trajectory of illness, even without a 'magic bullet'. With evidence emerging that late presentation is directly associated with increased mortality, we make the case for increased vigilance in the community and earlier intervention."}, {"pmid": 32330437, "pmcid": "PMC7165277", "title": "COVID-19: a meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy of commercial assays registered in Brazil.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Castro, Rodolfo", "Luz, Paula M", "Wakimoto, Mayumi D", "Veloso, Valdilea G", "Grinsztejn, Beatriz", "Perazzo, Hugo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330437", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The accuracy of commercially available tests for COVID-19 in Brazil remains unclear. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to describe the accuracy of available tests to detect COVID-19 in Brazil. We searched at the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) online platform to describe the pooled sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROC) for detection of IgM/IgG antibodies and for tests using naso/oropharyngeal swabs in the random-effects models. We identified 16 tests registered, mostly rapid-tests. Pooled diagnostic accuracy measures [95%CI] were: (i) for IgM antibodies Se=82% [76-87]; Sp=97% [96-98]; DOR=168 [92-305] and SROC=0.98 [0.96-0.99]; (ii) for IgG antibodies Se=97% [90-99]; Sp=98% [97-99]; DOR=1994 [385-10334] and SROC=0.99 [0.98-1.00]; and (iii) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 by antigen or molecular assays in naso/oropharyngeal swabs Se=97% [85-99]; Sp=99% [77-100]; DOR=2649 [30-233056] and SROC=0.99 [0.98-1.00]. These tests can be helpful for emergency testing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. However, it is important to highlight the high rate of false negative results from tests which detect SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibodies in the initial course of the disease and the scarce evidence-based validation results published in Brazil. Future studies addressing the diagnostic performance of tests for COVID-19 in the Brazilian population are urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32479784, "pmcid": "PMC7260513", "title": "High prevalence of deep vein thrombosis in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Voicu, Sebastian", "Bonnin, Philippe", "Stepanian, Alain", "Chousterman, Benjamin G", "Le Gall, Arthur", "Malissin, Isabelle", "Deye, Nicolas", "Siguret, Virgine", "Mebazaa, Alexandre", "Megarbane, Bruno"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479784", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398402, "pmcid": "PMC7268848", "title": "Point of care procedures in physiatry: Practice considerations during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Karri, Jay", "Seymour, Michelle L", "Verduzco-Gutierrez, Monica", "Jayaram, Prathap"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398402", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an active pandemic that has required rapid conversion of practice patterns to mitigate disease spread. Although recommendations have been released for physicians to postpone elective procedures, the utility of common physiatry procedures and their infectious risk profile have yet to be clearly delineated. In this article, we describe an update on existing national recommendations and outline considerations as practitioners and institutions strive to meet the needs of patients with disabilities."}, {"pmid": 32530409, "title": "Rethinking the First COVID-19 Death in Turkey.", "journal": "Turk Thorac J", "authors": ["Aykac, Nilufer", "Yasin, Yesim"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530409", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492175, "title": "Is minimal access surgery possible and safe during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Khan, J", "van Boxel, G", "Mercer, S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213326, "pmcid": "PMC7118689", "title": "The first infant case of COVID-19 acquired from a secondary transmission in Vietnam.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Le, Hai T", "Nguyen, Lam V", "Tran, Dien M", "Do, Hai T", "Tran, Huong T", "Le, Yen T", "Phan, Phuc H"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213326", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294285, "pmcid": "PMC7262073", "title": "Liver impairment associated with disease progression in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Chen, Peng", "Lei, Jiexin", "Wu, Yue", "Liu, Gang", "Zhou, Benhong"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294285", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with great interest the study by YF Zhang et al [1] . The authors found that abnormalities of liver function tests are common in COVID-19 patients, but the clinically significant liver dysfunction in COVID-19 was not a prominent feature of this illness and also may not have serious clinical consequences. This study is important and interesting; however, we still have some concerns about it."}, {"pmid": 32305444, "pmcid": "PMC7162783", "title": "COVID-19 and racial disparities.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Shah, Monica", "Sachdeva, Muskaan", "Dodiuk-Gad, Roni P"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305444", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515518, "title": "Postnatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Immunological Reaction: A Prospective Family Cohort Study.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Pressler, Julia", "Fill Malfertheiner, Sara", "Kabesch, Michael", "Buntrock-Dopke, Heike", "Hausler, Sebastian", "Ambrosch, Andreas", "Wellmann, Sven"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515518", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\u00a0(SARS-CoV-2) appears milder in children but little is known about neonates and about the chains of infections after delivery.1-3 When in early March 2020 a midwife in our large maternity and perinatal center returned from vacation in Ischgl, Austria, she triggered a COVID-19 outbreak affecting 36 midwives, nurses and doctors. We reported previously on the successful containment of this outbreak and characterized the clinical symptoms and immunoglobulin development in staff members exposed to SARS-CoV-2.4-5."}, {"pmid": 32391667, "title": "[A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Chen, Jun", "Liu, Danping", "Liu, Li", "Liu, Ping", "Xu, Qingnian", "Xia, Lu", "Ling, Yun", "Huang, Dan", "Song, Shuli", "Zhang, Dandan", "Qian, Zhiping", "Li, Tao", "Shen, Yinzhong", "Lu, Hongzhou"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391667", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the treatment of patients with moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We prospectively enrolled 30 treatment-na\u00efve patients with confirmed COVID-19 after informed consent at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. The patients were randomized 1\uff1a1 to HCQ group and the control group. Patients in HCQ group were given HCQ 400 mg per day for 5 days plus conventional treatments, while those in the control group were given conventional treatment only. The primary endpoint was negative conversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in respiratory pharyngeal swab on days 7 after randomization. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and registered online (NCT04261517). One patient in HCQ group developed to severe during the treatment. On day 7, nucleic acid of throat swabs was negative in 13 (86.7%) cases in the HCQ group and 14 (93.3%) cases in the control group (P>0.05). The median duration from hospitalization to virus nucleic acid negative conservation was 4 (1,9) days in HCQ group, which is comparable to that in the control group [2 (1,4) days, Z=1.27, P>0.05]. The median time for body temperature normalization in HCQ group was 1 (0,2) day after hospitalization, which was also comparable to that in the control group [1 (0,3) day]. Radiological progression was shown on CT images in 5 cases (33.3%) of the HCQ group and 7 cases (46.7%) of the control group, and all patients showed improvement in follow-up examinations. Four cases (26.7%) of the HCQ group and 3 cases (20%) of the control group had transient diarrhea and abnormal liver function (P>0.05). The prognosis of COVID-19 moderate patients is good. Larger sample size study are needed to investigate the effects of HCQ in the treatment of COVID-19. Subsequent research should determine better endpoint and fully consider the feasibility of experiments such as sample size."}, {"pmid": 32427468, "pmcid": "PMC7241734", "title": "Autonomic Brain Centers and Pathophysiology of COVID-19.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Chigr, Fatiha", "Merzouki, Mohamed", "Najimi, Mohamed"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427468", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Accumulating data have now shown strong evidence that COVID-19 infection leads to the occurrence of neurological signs with different injury severity. Anosmia and agueusia are now well documented and included in the criteria list for diagnosis, and specialists have stressed that doctors screen COVID-19 patients for these two signs. The eventual brainstem dysregulation, due to the invasion of SARS CoV-2, as a cause of respiratory problems linked to COVID-19, has also been extensively discussed. All these findings lead to an implication of the central nervous system in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Here we provide additional elements that could explain other described signs like appetite loss, vomiting, and nausea. For this, we investigated the role of brainstem structures located in the medulla oblongata involved in food intake and vomiting control. We also discussed the possible pathways the virus uses to reach the brainstem, i.e., neurotropic and hematogenous (with its two variants) routes."}, {"pmid": 32522028, "title": "How Slovakia Is Handling the Outbreak?", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Donicova, Viera"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522028", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418446, "title": "Acute heart failure in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in the context of global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Belhadjer, Zahra", "Meot, Mathilde", "Bajolle, Fanny", "Khraiche, Diala", "Legendre, Antoine", "Abakka, Samya", "Auriau, Johanne", "Grimaud, Marion", "Oualha, Mehdi", "Beghetti, Maurice", "Wacker, Julie", "Ovaert, Caroline", "Hascoet, Sebastien", "Selegny, Maelle", "Malekzadeh-Milani, Sophie", "Maltret, Alice", "Bosser, Gilles", "Giroux, Nathan", "Bonnemains, Laurent", "Bordet, Jeanne", "Di Filippo, Sylvie", "Mauran, Pierre", "Falcon-Eicher, Sylvie", "Thambo, Jean-Benoit", "Lefort, Bruno", "Moceri, Pamela", "Houyel, Lucile", "Renolleau, Sylvain", "Bonnet, Damien"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418446", "countries": ["Switzerland", "France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Cardiac injury and myocarditis have been described in adults with COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is typically minimally symptomatic. We report a series of febrile pediatric patients with acute heart failure potentially associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) as defined by the US Centers for Disease Control. Methods: Over a two-month period contemporary with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in France and Switzerland, we retrospectively collected clinical, biological, therapeutic, and early outcomes data in children who were admitted to pediatric intensive care units in 14 centers for cardiogenic shock, left ventricular dysfunction and severe inflammatory state. Results: Thirty-five children were identified and included in the study. Median age at admission was 10 years (range 2-16 years). Co-morbidities were present in 28% including asthma and overweight. Gastrointestinal symptoms were prominent. Left ventricular ejection fraction was <30% in one third; 80% required inotropic support with 28% treated with ECMO. Inflammation markers were suggestive of cytokine storm (interleukin 6 median 135 pg/mL) and macrophage activation (D-dimer median 5284 ng/mL). Mean brain natriuretic peptide was elevated (5743 pg/mL). Thirty-one/35 (88%) patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR of nasopharyngeal swab or serology. All patients received intravenous immune globulin, with adjunctive steroid therapy used in one third. Left ventricular function was restored in the 25/35 of those discharged from the intensive care unit. No patient died, and all patients treated with ECMO were successfully weaned. Conclusion: Children may experience an acute cardiac decompensation due to severe inflammatory state following SARS-CoV-2 infection (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children - MIS-C). Treatment with immune globulin appears to be associated with recovery of left ventricular systolic function."}, {"pmid": 32433321, "title": "Rapid Retooling, Acquiring New Skills, and Competencies in the Pandemic Era: Implications and Expectations for Physician Continuing Professional Development.", "journal": "J Contin Educ Health Prof", "authors": ["Price, David W", "Campbell, Craig M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433321", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19) pandemic has necessitated changes in health care delivery, including increases in delivery of care through asynchronous or virtual means, and deployment of clinicians in different teams and settings. Physical distancing and redeployment of clinicians has also necessitated changes in health care continuing professional development (CPD). Health care delivery and CPD is unlikely to fully return (in the near term, if at all) to pre-pandemic status. The authors raise questions and opportunities for development and provision of CPD during and after the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32461141, "pmcid": "PMC7246017", "title": "The case of Complement activation in COVID-19 multiorgan impact.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Noris, Marina", "Benigni, Ariela", "Remuzzi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461141", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 originates in the lungs, but may extend to other organs, causing, in severe cases, multiorgan damage, including cardiac injury and acute kidney injury. In severe cases, the presence of kidney injury is associated with increased risk of death, highlighting the relevance of this organ as a target of SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19-associated tissue injury is not primarily mediated by viral infection, but rather is a result of the inflammatory host immune response, which drives hypercytokinemia and aggressive inflammation that affect lung parenchymal cells, diminishing oxygen uptake but also endothelial cells, resulting in endotheliitis and thrombotic events and intravascular coagulation. The complement system represents the first response of the host immune system to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but there is growing evidence that unrestrained activation of complement induced by the virus in the lungs and other organs plays a major role in acute and chronic inflammation, endothelial cell dysfunction, thrombus formation and intravascular coagulation, and ultimately contributes to multiple organ failure and death. In this review we will discuss the relative role of the different complement activation products in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated tissue inflammation and thrombosis and propose the hypothesis that blockade of the terminal complement pathway may represent a potential therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of lung and multi-organ damage."}, {"pmid": 32245590, "pmcid": "PMC7270732", "title": "Traditional Chinese Medicine: an effective treatment for 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP).", "journal": "Chin J Nat Med", "authors": ["DU, Hong-Zhi", "Hou, Xiao-Ying", "Miao, Yu-Huan", "Huang, Bi-Sheng", "Liu, Da-Hui"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245590", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pneumonia broke out in 2019 and spread rapidly. In 30 different countries, there are over seventy thousand patients have been diagnosed in total. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the effective program to prevent and treat for the novel coronavirus pneumonia. In view of Traditional Chinese Medicine has accumulated a solid theoretical foundation of plague in ancient and recent decades. Meanwhile, Traditional Chinese Medicine can provide the more effective and personalized treatment via adjusting the specific medicine for each patient based on the different syndromes. In addition, TCM often has different effect on the distinct stages of diseases, contributing to the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. Nowadays, TCM has exhibited decent effect in the in the fight against NCP. Therefore, it is convinced that Traditional Chinese Medicine is an effective treatment for 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32389150, "title": "A Survey of SARS-CoV-2 Preparedness Among Hospitals in Idaho.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Kanwar, Anubhav", "Heppler, Susan", "Kanwar, Kalpana", "Brown, Christopher"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389150", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 has been implicated in the largest recorded coronavirus outbreak to date. Initially, most COVID-19 cases were in China, but the virus has spread to more than 184 countries worldwide, and the United States currently has more cases than any other country. With person-to-person spread expanding in the United States, we describe hospital preparedness for managing suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients. Cross-sectional survey focused on various elements of respiratory disease preparedness. Critical access hospitals (CAHs) and acute-care hospitals (ACHs) in Idaho. The electronic survey was sent to infection preventionists (IPs) and nurse administrators in 44 hospitals in Idaho. Overall, 32 (73%) hospitals responded to the survey. Participating facilities reported their preparedness with respect to existing, formalized structures for managing infectious disease incidents-specifically COVID-19-as well as availability of resources, such as isolation rooms and personal protective equipment, for safely managing suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases. Hospitals covered by the survey had varying levels of preparedness for managing COVID-19 cases, with differences across the various categories of interest in this study. Although the study reveals strengths, including in application of emergency management and infection control frameworks, it also suggests that other areas, such as consistent implementation of federal guidelines and requirements for infection prevention, are potential areas for strengthening preparedness for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens with pandemic potential."}, {"pmid": 32205644, "pmcid": "PMC7172436", "title": "COVID-19 Disease With Positive Fecal and Negative Pharyngeal and Sputum Viral Tests.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Chen, Lijuan", "Lou, Jianghua", "Bai, Yan", "Wang, Meiyun"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205644", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407893, "pmcid": "PMC7215163", "title": "The epidemiology of reverse transmission of COVID-19 in Gansu Province, China.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Fan, Jingchun", "Liu, Xiaodong", "Shao, Guojun", "Qi, Junpin", "Li, Yi", "Pan, Weimin", "Hambly, Brett D", "Bao, Shisan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407893", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The transmission of COVID-19 is about to come under control within China, however, an emerging challenge to the Chinese authorities is reverse transmission due to COVID-19 patients/carriers evacuating from overseas to China. We analysed the epidemiological characteristics of 311 Chinese citizens evacuated from Iran. All confirmed COVID-19 cases amongst the returnees were displayed by the spatial distribution pattern of the extent of COVID-19 infection. Characteristics that differed significantly amongst these returnees compared to the original infected cohorts in Gansu were mean age, occupation and sex. Differences observed between infected patients and non-patients amongst returnees were age, sex, race, occupation, the use of facemasks, and residential situation in Iran. The clinical features that were significantly related to infection were chill, shortness of breath, chest pain and nausea. Spatial distribution pattern analysis indicated that infected returnees had resided within Iranian provinces that had experienced high levels of COVID-19. The spatial distribution of the original homes of these returnees before departure for Iran demonstrated that returnees will largely return to northwest China, to regions that have only experienced low levels of infection within China. Blocking the reverse transmission of COVID-19 is critical in preventing a secondary outbreak of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32430514, "pmcid": "PMC7235431", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary infection revealed by subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Lacroix, Maxime", "Graiess, Farouk", "Monnier-Cholley, Laurence", "Arrive, Lionel"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430514", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527804, "title": "COVID-19 and flu, a perfect storm.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Belongia, Edward A", "Osterholm, Michael T"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527804", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332908, "title": "'Distancing is impossible': refugee camps race to avert coronavirus catastrophe.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Subbaraman, Nidhi"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332908", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268134, "pmcid": "PMC7130750", "title": "Preventing the spread of COVID-19 in digestive endoscopy during the resuming period: meticulous execution of screening procedures.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Han, Jing", "Wang, Ying", "Zhu, Liguo", "Cui, Yi", "Li, Li", "Zeng, Zhirong", "Zhang, Shenghong"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524248, "title": "18.2 Million Individuals at Increased Risk of Severe COVID-19 Illness Are Un- or Underinsured.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Gaffney, Adam W", "Hawks, Laura", "Bor, David H", "Woolhandler, Steffie", "Himmelstein, David U", "McCormick, Danny"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524248", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459144, "pmcid": "PMC7273901", "title": "Discovery of alliin as a putative inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 by molecular docking.", "journal": "Biotechniques", "authors": ["Cheng, Bijun", "Li, Tianjiao"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459144", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of viral pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2\u00a0that began in December 2019 caused high mortality. It has been suggested that the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 may be an important target to discover pharmaceutical compounds for the therapy of this life-threatening disease. Remdesivir, ritonavir and chloroquine have all been reported to play a role in suppressing SARS-CoV-2. Here, we applied a molecular docking method to study the binding stability of these drugs with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. It appeared that the ligand-protein binding stability of the alliin and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro complex was better than others. The results suggested that alliin may serve as a good candidate as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Therefore, the present research may provide some meaningful guidance for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32500714, "title": "Removal of percutaneous K-wires used in paediatric fracture stabilisation under IV sedation: a cost-effective and timesaving service delivery in the COVID-19 pandemic setting.", "journal": "Ann R Coll Surg Engl", "authors": ["Thiruvasagam, V", "Wong, C", "Ahmed, S"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500714", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353523, "pmcid": "PMC7184990", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: A new virus but a familiar inflammation brain pattern.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["De Santis, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353523", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251623, "pmcid": "PMC7270461", "title": "Preparedness for COVID-19 in the oncology community in Africa.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Vanderpuye, Verna", "Elhassan, Moawia Mohammed Ali", "Simonds, Hannah"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32140538, "pmcid": "PMC7049657", "title": "The novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a one health issue.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Marty, Aileen Maria", "Jones, Malcolm K"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32140538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363137, "pmcid": "PMC7195321", "title": "Anti-RAS drugs and SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Acta Pharm Sin B", "authors": ["Bian, Jingwei", "Zhao, Rongsheng", "Zhai, Suodi", "Li, Zijian"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363137", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022There is no enough evidence to indicate that ACEIs and ARBs result in ACE2 upregulation.\u2022The level of ACE2 expression is not completely related with the risk of COVID-19 infection.\u2022There is currently no evidence that ACEI/ARB increase risk for COVID-19 infection from clinical trials.\u2022It is not recommended that COVID-19 patients with hypertension or normal hypertensive patients at risk for exposure to stop using ACEI/ARB or change to other antihypertensive drugs."}, {"pmid": 32324951, "pmcid": "PMC7264561", "title": "Drug Development and Medicinal Chemistry Efforts toward SARS-Coronavirus and Covid-19 Therapeutics.", "journal": "ChemMedChem", "authors": ["Ghosh, Arun K", "Brindisi, Margherita", "Shahabi, Dana", "Chapman, Mackenzie E", "Mesecar, Andrew D"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324951", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is spreading at an alarming rate and has created an unprecedented health emergency around the globe. There is no effective vaccine or approved drug treatment against COVID-19 and other pathogenic coronaviruses. The development of antiviral agents is an urgent priority. Biochemical events critical to the coronavirus replication cycle provided a number of attractive targets for drug development. These include, spike protein for binding to host cell-surface receptors, proteolytic enzymes that are essential for processing polyproteins into mature viruses, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for RNA replication. There has been a lot of ground work for drug discovery and development against these targets. Also, high-throughput screening efforts have led to the identification of diverse lead structures, including natural product-derived molecules. This review highlights past and present drug discovery and medicinal-chemistry approaches against SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19 targets. The review hopes to stimulate further research and will be a useful guide to the development of effective therapies against COVID-19 and other pathogenic coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32507691, "title": "Commentary: Lung surgery in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Munoz-Largacha, Juan A", "Wei, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507691", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32162211, "pmcid": "PMC7091470", "title": "Chest computed tomography images of early coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Chen, Rong", "Chen, Jun", "Meng, Qing-Tao"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162211", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341910, "pmcid": "PMC7185003", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient on chronic hydroxychloroquine therapy: Implications for prophylaxis.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Dousa, Khalid M", "Malavade, Sharad S", "Furin, Jennifer", "Gripshover, Barbara", "Hatszegi, Marjorie", "Hojat, Leila", "Saade, Elie", "Salata, Robert A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341910", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "People exposed to COVID-19 have a risk of developing disease, and health care workers are at risk at a time when they are badly needed during a health care crisis. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have been used as treatment and are being considered as prophylaxis. Our patient developed COVID-19 while on hydroxychloroquine and although more work is needed, this calls into question the role of these medications as preventive therapy."}, {"pmid": 32506685, "title": "Barriers to Telemedicine Implementation in Southwest Tribal Communities During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Graves, Janessa M", "Mackelprang, Jessica L", "Amiri, Solmaz", "Abshire, Demetrius A"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506621, "title": "Drugs being investigated for children with COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Deniz, Melis", "Tapisiz, Anil", "Tezer, Hasan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506621", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We were interested to read the review paper on COVID-19 by Ludvigsson in Acta Paediatrica (1). The author mentioned that COVID-19 appeared to be milder in children than in adults but said there was a knowledge gap about antiviral treatment in severely ill patients. We would like to provide some comments about the experimental drugs that are being considered to treat children with the disease."}, {"pmid": 32277757, "pmcid": "PMC7184454", "title": "Letter: Strategies for Prevention and Control of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection Among Medical Staff.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Wang, Xuan", "Wang, Min-Jie", "Jiang, Xiao-Bing", "Wang, Hai-Jun", "Zhao, Hong-Yang"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458770, "title": "Social Work Values in Action during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Miller, Vivian J", "Lee, HeeSoon"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has ravaged through the lives of individuals, families, communities, and societies and, in the process, exacerbated existing vulnerabilities, oppression, and poverty among our most at-risk community members. Social workers, guided by values and ethics, are counteracting these ailments in society, concentrating on protecting the most vulnerable, older adults. In this letter we describe the impact of COVID-19 on older adults, note social work values from the National Association of Social Workers, and expand on the current role of the practicing social worker values in action during COVID."}, {"pmid": 32408073, "pmcid": "PMC7204753", "title": "Lithium for the 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Gomez-Bernal, German"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408073", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515377, "title": "Clinical tools for cardiorespiratory assessment and rehabilitation: A primary care perspective.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Kalra, Arnav"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515377", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people worldwide. It mainly affects the respiratory system, seen as pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cardiovascular manifestations have been observed in some patients. Hence, cardiorespiratory assessment is an important component of diagnosis, management and follow-up of this disease. Primary care is the first point of contact with the healthcare system for most patients. Therefore, methods for assessment and rehabilitation should be feasible in a primary care setting. This commentary aims to provide a primary care perspective on existing clinical tools for cardiorespiratory assessment and rehabilitation."}, {"pmid": 32259576, "pmcid": "PMC7271262", "title": "COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and Saudi Arabia: prevention and therapeutic strategies.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A", "Memish, Ziad A"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259576", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32151325, "pmcid": "PMC7124625", "title": "COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wenham, Clare", "Smith, Julia", "Morgan, Rosemary"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151325", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385987, "title": "[My treatment strategies for severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Yu, Zhui"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385987", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497698, "pmcid": "PMC7262530", "title": "Reply to: \"Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Ruggiero, Giuseppe", "Arcangeli, Fabio", "Lotti, Torello", "Ametrano, Orsola", "Ruggiero, Cosimo", "Cucchiara, Salvatore", "Oliva, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497698", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340551, "pmcid": "PMC7212544", "title": "Natural products may interfere with SARS-CoV-2 attachment to the host cell.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Elfiky, Abdo A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340551", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 has been emerged in December 2019 in China, causing deadly (5% mortality) pandemic pneumonia, termed COVID-19. More than one host-cell receptor is reported to be recognized by the viral spike protein, among them is the cell-surface Heat Shock Protein A5 (HSPA5), also termed GRP78 or BiP. Upon viral infection, HSPA5 is upregulated, then translocating to the cell membrane where it is subjected to be recognized by the SARS-CoV-2 spike. In this study, some natural product compounds are tested against the HSPA5 substrate-binding domain \u03b2 (SBD\u03b2), which reported to be the recognition site for the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations are used to test some natural compounds binding to HSPA5 SBD\u03b2. The results show high to a moderate binding affinity for the phytoestrogens (Diadiazin, Genistein, Formontein, and Biochanin A), chlorogenic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, hydroxytyrosol, cis-p-Coumaric acid, cinnamaldehyde, thymoquinone, and some physiological hormones such as estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, and cholesterol to the HSPA5 SBD\u03b2. Based on its binding affinities, the phytoestrogens and estrogens are the best in binding HSPA5, hence may interfere with SARS-CoV-2 attachment to the stressed cells. These compounds can be successful as anti-COVID-19 agents for people with a high risk of cell stress like elders, cancer patients, and front-line medical staff.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32346357, "pmcid": "PMC7186762", "title": "[Commentary: risk of COVID-19 infection during administration of nebulized treatment].", "journal": "Notf Rett Med", "authors": ["Schmitz, A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346357", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373235, "pmcid": "PMC7196293", "title": "CT quantification of pneumonia lesions in early days predicts progression to severe illness in a cohort of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Theranostics", "authors": ["Liu, Fengjun", "Zhang, Qi", "Huang, Chao", "Shi, Chunzi", "Wang, Lin", "Shi, Nannan", "Fang, Cong", "Shan, Fei", "Mei, Xue", "Shi, Jing", "Song, Fengxiang", "Yang, Zhongcheng", "Ding, Zezhen", "Su, Xiaoming", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Zhu, Tongyu", "Zhang, Zhiyong", "Shi, Lei", "Shi, Yuxin"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373235", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rationale: Some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly develop respiratory failure or even die, underscoring the need for early identification of patients at elevated risk of severe illness. This study aims to quantify pneumonia lesions by computed tomography (CT) in the early days to predict progression to severe illness in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included confirmed COVID-19 patients. Three quantitative CT features of pneumonia lesions were automatically calculated using artificial intelligence algorithms, representing the percentages of ground-glass opacity volume (PGV), semi-consolidation volume (PSV), and consolidation volume (PCV) in both lungs. CT features, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE-II) score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and d-dimer, on day 0 (hospital admission) and day 4, were collected to predict the occurrence of severe illness within a 28-day follow-up using both logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: We included 134 patients, of whom 19 (14.2%) developed any severe illness. CT features on day 0 and day 4, as well as their changes from day 0 to day 4, showed predictive capability. Changes in CT features from day 0 to day 4 performed the best in the prediction (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87~0.99; C-index=0.88, 95% CI 0.81~0.95). The hazard ratios of PGV and PCV were 1.39 (95% CI 1.05~1.84, P=0.023) and 1.67 (95% CI 1.17~2.38, P=0.005), respectively. CT features, adjusted for age and gender, on day 4 and in terms of changes from day 0 to day 4 outperformed APACHE-II, NLR, and d-dimer. Conclusions: CT quantification of pneumonia lesions can early and non-invasively predict the progression to severe illness, providing a promising prognostic indicator for clinical management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32253163, "pmcid": "PMC7270575", "title": "The occurrence of diarrhea in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Li, Xiang-Yu", "Dai, Wei-Jie", "Wu, Shang-Nong", "Yang, Xiao-Zhong", "Wang, Hong-Gang"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253163", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222992, "pmcid": "PMC7228213", "title": "Detectable SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in feces of three children during recovery period of COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Tongqiang", "Cui, Xiaojian", "Zhao, Xue", "Wang, Jinhu", "Zheng, Jiafeng", "Zheng, Guifen", "Guo, Wei", "Cai, Chunquan", "He, Sijia", "Xu, Yongsheng"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222992", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). After its first occurrence in Wuhan of China from December 2019, COVID-19 rapidly spread around the world. According to the World Health Organization statement on 13 March 2020, there had been over 132\u2009500 confirmed cases globally. Nevertheless, the case reports of children are rare, which results in the lack of evidence for preventing and controlling of children's infection. Here, we report three cases of SARS-CoV-2 infected children diagnosed from 3 February to 17 February 2020 in Tianjin, China. All of these three cases experienced mild illness and recovered soon after the treatment, with the nucleic acid of throat swab turning negative within 14, 11, and 7 days after diagnosis, respectively. However, after been discharged, all three cases were tested SARS-CoV-2 positive in the stool samples within 10 days, in spite of their remained negative nucleic acid in throat swab specimens. Therefore, it is necessary to be aware of the possibility of fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially for children cases."}, {"pmid": 32524707, "title": "Smell and taste disorders during COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study on 355 patients.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Dell'Era, Valeria", "Farri, Filippo", "Garzaro, Giacomo", "Gatto, Miriam", "Aluffi Valletti, Paolo", "Garzaro, Massimiliano"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524707", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As reported by increasing literature, a significant number of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed smell/taste disorders. Aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and severity of these symptoms among laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients. Secondary objective is to determine their onset/recovery time. This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 10 to 30, 2020 at Novara University Hospital during the COVID-19 Italian outbreak. The 355 enrolled patients answered a questionnaire at 14th (or more) days after proven infection. The overall population prevalence of both smell/taste or one of the two disorders was 70%. They were first symptoms in 31 (8,7%) patients. Most patients reported a complete loss that in half of the cases (49.5%) was fully recovered after 14\u2009days, with a median recovery time of 10\u2009days. This study confirms a high prevalence of smell/taste disorders in COVID-19 infection with self-recovery for half cases after about 2\u2009weeks."}, {"pmid": 32414710, "title": "Methanol toxicity outbreak: when fear of COVID-19 goes viral.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Sefidbakht, Sepideh", "Lotfi, Mehrzad", "Jalli, Reza", "Moghadami, Mohsen", "Sabetian, Golnar", "Iranpour, Pooya"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414710", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267987, "pmcid": "PMC7235481", "title": "Immune responses and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 during an outbreak in Iran: Comparison with SARS and MERS.", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Rokni, Mohsen", "Ghasemi, Vida", "Tavakoli, Zahra"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267987", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19, an outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, an important pathogen for humans. There is an urgent need to better understand this new virus and to develop ways to control its spread. In Iran, the first case of the COVID-19 was reported after spread from China and other countries. Fever, cough, and fatigue were the most common symptoms of this virus. In worldwide, the incubation period of COVID-19 was 3 to 7\u2009days and approximately 80% of infections are mild or asymptomatic, 15% are severe, requiring oxygen, and 5% are critical infections, requiring ventilation. To mount an antiviral response, the innate immune system recognizes molecular structures that are produced by the invasion of the virus. COVID-19 infection induces IgG antibodies against N protein that can be detected by serum as early as day 4 after the onset of disease and with most patients seroconverting by day 14. Laboratory evidence of clinical patients showed that a specific T-cell response against SARS-CoV-2 is important for the recognition and killing of infected cells, particularly in the lungs of infected individuals. At present, there is no specific antiviral therapy for COVID-19 and the main treatments are supportive. In this review, we investigated the innate and acquired immune responses in patients who recovered from COVID-19, which could inform the design of prophylactic vaccines and immunotherapy for the future."}, {"pmid": 32518893, "pmcid": "PMC7268151", "title": "Giving voice to those directly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic - the experience and reflections of a person with dementia.", "journal": "HRB Open Res", "authors": ["Rochford-Brennan, Helen", "Keogh, Fiona"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518893", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents unprecedented challenges to society. Behind the daily tally of deaths and cases of infection are individuals and families who are experiencing the ultimate consequence of this disease. Every aspect of our lives has been affected and these affects are amplified for those who have to cocoon and have conditions such as dementia. There is little opportunity to directly hear the experience of those 'vulnerable adults' who have been self-isolating for many weeks now.\u00a0 This letter takes the form of a reflective conversation with a person living with dementia. Honouring the principles of public and patient involvement (PPI), it is an attempt to give voice to the experience of one of the many thousands of vulnerable people during the COVID-19 pandemic. As well as describing the effect on her daily life, Helen describes what supports would help at this time. \u00a0While the focus of attention at the moment is rightly on dealing with the effects of the virus in nursing homes, the many thousands of people living with dementia in the community should not be forgotten."}, {"pmid": 32305211, "pmcid": "PMC7195056", "title": "The intriguing features of COVID-19 in children and its impact on the pandemic.", "journal": "J Pediatr (Rio J)", "authors": ["Safadi, Marco Aurelio Palazzi"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305211", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487774, "title": "COVID-19 and the history of antiseptic surgery: how to tackle these little beasts.", "journal": "Hong Kong Med J", "authors": ["Tan, T", "Yee, C H", "Ng, C F", "Teoh, J Y C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487774", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327007, "pmcid": "PMC7211801", "title": "Going to the COVID-19 Gemba: Using observation and high reliability strategies to achieve safety in a time of crisis.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Thull-Freedman, Jennifer", "Mondoux, Shawn", "Stang, Antonia", "Chartier, Lucas B"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327007", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369691, "title": "Perspectives on the COVID-19 Pandemic and Individuals With Serious Mental Illness.", "journal": "J Clin Psychiatry", "authors": ["Shinn, Ann K", "Viron, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369691", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350426, "title": "Finding motivation while working from home as a PhD student during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou, Melina"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350426", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527990, "title": "Successful Anesthetic Management in Cesarean Section for Pregnant Woman with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Case Rep", "authors": ["Bani Hani, Diab A", "Alsharaydeh, Ibrahim", "Bataineh, Adel M", "Al Athamneh, Mahmoud", "Qamileh, Ibrahim", "Al-Baik, Amin", "Al Shalakhti, Majd H", "Al-Ebbini, Mohammad A", "Aleshawi, Abdelwahab J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527990", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND The current COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of the mindful use of financial and human resources. Preventing infections and preserving resources and manpower are crucial in healthcare. It is important to ensure the ability of surgeons and specialized interventionalists to function through the pandemic. Until now, no justified protocol has been reported for the anesthetic management in cesarean section (CS). CASE REPORT A 29-year-old pregnant woman, G2P1 at 37+4 weeks of gestation, was referred to our center on March 28, 2020, after she had tested positive for COVID-19. She was stable and the CS was planned after she reached term. Through spinal anesthesia, CS was conducted. The anesthesia team was protected with full personal protection equipment. The operation was carried out smoothly without complication. A female neonate was delivered and was tested to be negative for COVID-19. No medical staff cross-infection was reported. CONCLUSIONS Special precautions should be considered when pregnant women are undergoing CS. Spinal anesthesia is preferred over general anesthesia."}, {"pmid": 32425326, "pmcid": "PMC7231490", "title": "Cardiovascular Disease Novel Coronavirus and the Search for Investigational Therapies.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Mousa, Albeir Y", "Broce, Mike", "Lucas, B Daniel Jr"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425326", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The primary purpose of the current study was to investigate and summarize the registered trials that listed COVID-19 as the primary condition. We performed a search on ClinicalTrials.gov using the independent search terms COVID-19, SARS, and SARS COV2, and then downloaded the data file on March 23, 2020. All trials were downloaded to a csv file and searched for appropriateness. Fifty-six of 124 (45.2%) registered trials were listed as recruiting. The majority (85, 68.5%) classified their study as interventional, 37 (29.8%) classified as observational and one (0.8%) each classified their study as either expanded access:individual patients | treatment IND/Protocol or expanded access:intermediate-size population | treatment IND/Protocol. There were 67 (54.0%) of the trials that listed drug as the type of study. Immunological and antiviral trials were the greatest, representing approximately 30% and 21%, respectively. When immunological and antiviral drugs were used alone or in combination, they represented 41.9% and 34.4%, respectively. Anti-malarial agents are represented in 7.5% of trials. Approximately 14% of trials involved Traditional Chinese Medicine. The aforementioned study agents used solely or in combination represented approximately 80% of therapeutic approaches to COVID19. There was a large and quick response on ClinicalTrials.gov to the COVID-19 outbreak. Many of the registered trials are currently recruiting new patients, while some will begin in the near future. Specific potential experimental therapies, including dosing and monitoring, might be found by reviewing content. Within clinicaltrials.gov, patients, family members, health care professionals and researchers can search and find ongoing and future trials for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32322892, "pmcid": "PMC7188144", "title": "Esophageal oncologic surgery in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) emergency.", "journal": "Dis Esophagus", "authors": ["Barbieri, Lavinia", "Talavera Urquijo, Eider", "Parise, Paolo", "Nilsson, Magnus", "Reynolds, John V", "Rosati, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322892", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435920, "pmcid": "PMC7239605", "title": "Lithium's antiviral effects: a potential drug for CoViD-19 disease?", "journal": "Int J Bipolar Disord", "authors": ["Murru, Andrea", "Manchia, Mirko", "Hajek, Tomas", "Nielsen, Rene E", "Rybakowski, Janusz K", "Sani, Gabriele", "Schulze, Thomas G", "Tondo, Leonardo", "Bauer, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435920", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its introduction in modern medicine, naturalistic observations emerged about possible uses of lithium treatment for conditions different from recurring affective disorders, for which it is still a first-line treatment option. Some evidence about the antiviral properties of lithium began in the early 1970s, when some reports found a reduction of labial-herpetic recurrences. The present review aims to present most of the pre-clinical and clinical evidence about lithium's ability to inhibit DNA and RNA viruses, including Coronaviridae, as well as the possible pathways and mechanisms involved in such antiviral activity. Despite a broad number of in vitro studies, the rationale for the antiviral activity of lithium failed to translate into methodologically sound clinical studies demonstrating its antiviral efficacy. In addition, the tolerability of lithium as an antiviral agent should be addressed. In fact, treatment with lithium requires continuous monitoring of its serum levels in order to prevent acute toxicity and long-term side effects, most notably affecting the kidney and thyroid. Yet lithium reaches heterogeneous but bioequivalent concentrations in different tissues, and the anatomical compartment of the viral infection might underpin a different, lower need for tolerability concerns which need to be addressed. Lithium presents a clear antiviral activity demonstrated at preclinical level, but that remains to be confirmed in clinical settings. In addition, the pleiotropic mechanisms of action of lithium may provide an insight for its possible use as antiviral agent targeting specific pathways."}, {"pmid": 32376410, "pmcid": "PMC7196540", "title": "Changes in Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Practices in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from a North American Survey.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Forbes, Nauzer", "Smith, Zachary L", "Spitzer, Rebecca L", "Keswani, Rajesh N", "Wani, Sachin B", "Elmunzer, B Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376410", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272172, "pmcid": "PMC7194679", "title": "Does the COVID-19 outbreak identify a broader need for an urgent transformation of cancer clinical trials research?", "journal": "Contemp Clin Trials", "authors": ["Borno, Hala T", "Small, Eric J"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272172", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474574, "title": "COVID-19 outbreaks in U.S. immigrant detention centers: the urgent need to adopt CDC guidelines for prevention and evaluation.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Openshaw, John James", "Travassos, Mark A"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474574", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There have been several significant outbreaks of COVID-19 in federal immigrant detention centers, which lack clear and consistent guidelines across Department of Homeland Security (DHS) agencies to limit the spread of COVID-19. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued detailed guidelines for the control, prevention, and evaluation of COVID-19 in detention facilities. While the DHS's Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency has stated that it complies with CDC recommendations, its policies significantly differ from these CDC guidelines, placing detainees at risk for contracting COVID-19. This submission urges the adoption of CDC guidelines across DHS-associated facilities. Such a policy change has the potential to protect and save the lives of the most vulnerable populations under the auspices of the federal government."}, {"pmid": 32304646, "pmcid": "PMC7159864", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 shedding and infectivity - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Zhou, Fei", "Fan, Guohui", "Liu, Zhibo", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304646", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438448, "title": "Pandemically challenged: developing a ward-based cross-skilling programme.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Bakewell, Zoe", "Davies, Danielle", "Allanby, Lucy", "Dhonye, Yasin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438448", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, North Bristol NHS Trust (NBT) doctors were redeployed to unfamiliar clinical teams, where they would work at the level of a fully-registered Foundation doctor. As undergraduate clinical teaching fellows, we were re-purposed to rapidly produce a training programme to refresh the medical knowledge of doctors who were from a wide variety of non-medical specialities and grades. Building on our experience of facilitating medical students, wedevised medical ward-based scenarios in an informal Objective Structure Clinical Examination (OSCE) style to promote focused active learning and prompt further independent study."}, {"pmid": 32281329, "title": "[Study on treatment of \"cytokine storm\" by anti-2019-nCoV prescriptions based on arachidonic acid metabolic pathway].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ren, Yue", "Yao, Mei-Cun", "Huo, Xiao-Qian", "Gu, Yu", "Zhu, Wei-Xing", "Qiao, Yan-Jiang", "Zhang, Yan-Ling"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281329", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of 2019-nCoV, the epidemic has developed rapidly and the situation is grim. LANCET figured out that the 2019-nCoV is closely related to &quot;cytokine storm&quot;. &quot;Cytokine storm&quot; is an excessive immune response of the body to external stimuli such as viruses and bacteria. As the virus attacking the body, it stimulates the secretion of a large number of inflammatory factors: interleukin(IL), interferon(IFN), C-X-C motif chemokine(CXCL) and so on, which lead to cytokine cascade reaction. With the exudation of inflammatory factors, cytokines increase abnormally in tissues and organs, interfering with the immune system, causing excessive immune response of the body, resulting in diffuse damage of lung cells, pulmonary fibrosis, and multiple organ damage, even death. Arachidonic acid(AA) metabolic pathway is principally used to synthesize inflammatory cytokines, such as monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor(TNF), IL, IFN, etc., which is closely related to the occurrence, development and regression of inflammation. Therefore, the inhibition of AA metabolism pathway is benefit for inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors in the body and alleviating the &quot;cytokine storm&quot;. Based on the pharmacophore models of the targets on AA metabolic pathway, the traditional Chinese medicine database 2009(TCMD 2009) was screened. The potential herbs were ranked by the number of hit molecules, which were scored by pharmacophore fit value. In the end, we obtained the potential active prescriptions on &quot;cytokine storm&quot; according to the potential herbs in the &quot;National novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnosis and treatment plan(trial version sixth)&quot;. The results showed that the hit components with the inhibitory effect on AA were magnolignan \u2160, lonicerin and physcion-8-O-\u03b2-D-glucopy-ranoside, which mostly extracted from Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Arctii Fructus, Dryopteridis Crassirhizomatis Rhizoma, Paeoniaeradix Rubra, Dioscoreae Rhizoma. Finally the anti-2019-nCoV prescriptions were analyzed to obtain the potential active prescriptions on AA metabolic pathway, Huoxiang Zhengqi Capsules, Jinhua Qinggan Granules, Lianhua Qingwen Capsules, Qingfei Paidu Decoction, Xuebijing Injection, Reduning Injection and Tanreqing Injection were found that may prevent 2019-nCoV via regulate cytokines. This study intends to provide reference for clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine to resist new coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32278366, "pmcid": "PMC7146678", "title": "COVID-19 in long-term liver transplant patients: preliminary experience from an Italian transplant centre in Lombardy.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Bhoori, Sherrie", "Rossi, Roberta Elisa", "Citterio, Davide", "Mazzaferro, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278366", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356031, "pmcid": "PMC7190803", "title": "Prioritizing Community Partners and Community HIV Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Operario, Don", "King, Elizabeth J", "Gamarel, Kristi E"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356031", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450194, "pmcid": "PMC7242941", "title": "Adaptation of the 'Assembly Line' and 'Brick System' techniques for hospital resource management of personal protective equipment, as preparedness for mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in a large public hospital in India.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Kumar, P", "Killedar, M", "Singh, G"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450194", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32157848, "title": "[Practice and Reflection on the Battle against COVID-19 by Guangdong Medical Aid Team in the city of Honghu].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhu, H", "Shi, W Z", "Liu, L", "Gong, M C", "Guo, Y", "Deng, G P", "Xu, T L", "Lin, K C"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157848", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488866, "title": "Flattening the curve in oncologic surgery: Impact of Covid-19 on surgery at tertiary care cancer center.", "journal": "J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Chang, Edward I", "Liu, Jesse Jun"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488866", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 has ushered in drastic changes to the healthcare system in order to \"flatten the curve\"; in particular, surgical operations that can consume vital, limited resources, not to mention the risk to staff, anesthesiologists, and surgeons. However, under unique circumstances with diligent preparation, vital oncologic operations can be performed safely. Prospective comparison of surgical cases during the pandemic from December 2019 to May 2020 to the correlating time frame from December 2018 to May 2019. A significant decline in case volume was not appreciated until the United States declared a national state of emergency, allowing patients with cancer to continue to undergo curative tumor resection until then (428.3\u2009\u00b1\u200951.5 vs 166.6\u2009\u00b1\u200959.8 cases/week; P\u2009<\u2009.001). The decrease was consistent with the mean case volume during the holidays (213.8\u2009\u00b1\u200976.8 vs 166.6\u2009\u00b1\u200959.8 case/week; P\u2009=\u2009.648). Evaluation of surgical subspecialties demonstrated a significant decrease for all subspecialties with the greatest decline in sarcoma (P\u2009=\u2009.002) and endocrine (P\u2009=\u2009.001) surgeries, while vascular (P\u2009=\u2009.004) and thoracic (P\u2009=\u2009.011) surgeries had the least. The novel coronavirus has drastically reduced oncologic operations, but with proper evaluation of patients and allocation of resources, surgery can be performed safely without compromising the aim to flatten the curve and control the coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32444366, "pmcid": "PMC7243801", "title": "Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Petrilli, Christopher M", "Jones, Simon A", "Yang, Jie", "Rajagopalan, Harish", "O'Donnell, Luke", "Chernyak, Yelena", "Tobin, Katie A", "Cerfolio, Robert J", "Francois, Fritz", "Horwitz, Leora I"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444366", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe outcomes of people admitted to hospital with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in the United States, and the clinical and laboratory characteristics associated with severity of illness. Prospective cohort study. Single academic medical center in New York City and Long Island. 5279 patients with laboratory confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection between 1 March 2020 and 8 April 2020. The final date of follow up was 5 May 2020. Outcomes were admission to hospital, critical illness (intensive care, mechanical ventilation, discharge to hospice care, or death), and discharge to hospice care or death. Predictors included patient characteristics, medical history, vital signs, and laboratory results. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify risk factors for adverse outcomes, and competing risk survival analysis for mortality. Of 11\u2009544 people tested for SARS-Cov-2, 5566 (48.2%) were positive. After exclusions, 5279 were included. 2741 of these 5279 (51.9%) were admitted to hospital, of whom 1904 (69.5%) were discharged alive without hospice care and 665 (24.3%) were discharged to hospice care or died. Of 647 (23.6%) patients requiring mechanical ventilation, 391 (60.4%) died and 170 (26.2%) were extubated or discharged. The strongest risk for hospital admission was associated with age, with an odds ratio of >2 for all age groups older than 44 years and 37.9 (95% confidence interval 26.1 to 56.0) for ages 75 years and older. Other risks were heart failure (4.4, 2.6 to 8.0), male sex (2.8, 2.4 to 3.2), chronic kidney disease (2.6, 1.9 to 3.6), and any increase in body mass index (BMI) (eg, for BMI >40: 2.5, 1.8 to 3.4). The strongest risks for critical illness besides age were associated with heart failure (1.9, 1.4 to 2.5), BMI >40 (1.5, 1.0 to 2.2), and male sex (1.5, 1.3 to 1.8). Admission oxygen saturation of <88% (3.7, 2.8 to 4.8), troponin level >1 (4.8, 2.1 to 10.9), C reactive protein level >200 (5.1, 2.8 to 9.2), and D-dimer level >2500 (3.9, 2.6 to 6.0) were, however, more strongly associated with critical illness than age or comorbidities. Risk of critical illness decreased significantly over the study period. Similar associations were found for mortality alone. Age and comorbidities were found to be strong predictors of hospital admission and to a lesser extent of critical illness and mortality in people with covid-19; however, impairment of oxygen on admission and markers of inflammation were most strongly associated with critical illness and mortality. Outcomes seem to be improving over time, potentially suggesting improvements in care."}, {"pmid": 32192583, "pmcid": "PMC7118671", "title": "COVID-19: delay, mitigate, and communicate.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["The Lancet Respiratory Medicine"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192583", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360075, "pmcid": "PMC7182524", "title": "COVID-19 admissions calculators - revisited.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Victor, Grech"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360075", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444383, "pmcid": "PMC7244895", "title": "COVID-19 Interference with Renin-Angiotensin System in the Context of Heart Failure.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Siniorakis, Eftychios", "Arvanitakis, Spyridon", "Nikolopoulos, Ioannis", "Elkouris, Maximilianos"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444383", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402054, "title": "A Game Plan for the Resumption of Sport and Exercise After Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Phelan, Dermot", "Kim, Jonathan H", "Chung, Eugene H"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402054", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401277, "title": "School Closure During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Effective Intervention at the Global Level?", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Esposito, Susanna", "Principi, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401277", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243947, "pmcid": "PMC7174833", "title": "Beyond the assistance: additional exposure situations to COVID-19 for healthcare workers.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Belingheri, M", "Paladino, M E", "Riva, M A"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243947", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440906, "pmcid": "PMC7241588", "title": "A proposed lung ultrasound and phenotypic algorithm for the care of COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Denault, Andre Y", "Delisle, Stephane", "Canty, David", "Royse, Alistair", "Royse, Colin", "Serra, Ximena Cid", "Gebhard, Caroline E", "Couture, Etienne J", "Girard, Martin", "Cavayas, Yiorgos Alexandros", "Peschanski, Nicolas", "Langevin, Stephan", "Ouellet, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440906", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pulmonary complications are the most common clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). From recent clinical observation, two phenotypes have emerged: a low elastance or L-type and a high elastance or H-type. Clinical presentation, pathophysiology, pulmonary mechanics, radiological and ultrasound findings of these two phenotypes are different. Consequently, the therapeutic approach also varies between the two. We propose a management algorithm that combines the respiratory rate and oxygenation index with bedside lung ultrasound examination and monitoring that could help determine earlier the requirement for intubation and other surveillance of COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure."}, {"pmid": 32259546, "pmcid": "PMC7128692", "title": "Risk of nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: an experience in a general ward setting in Hong Kong.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Wong, S C Y", "Kwong, R T-S", "Wu, T C", "Chan, J W M", "Chu, M Y", "Lee, S Y", "Wong, H Y", "Lung, D C"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259546", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan in December 2019 and has rapidly spread across different cities within and outside China. Hong Kong started to prepare for COVID-19 on 31st December 2019 and infection control measures in public hospitals were tightened to limit nosocomial transmission within healthcare facilities. However, the recommendations on the transmission-based precautions required for COVID-19 in hospital settings vary from droplet and contact precautions, to contact and airborne precautions with placement of patients in airborne infection isolation rooms. To describe an outbreak investigation of a patient with COVID-19 who was nursed in an open cubicle of a general ward before the diagnosis was made. Contacts were identified and risk categorized as 'close' or 'casual' for decisions on quarantine and/or medical surveillance. Respiratory specimens were collected from contacts who developed fever, and/or respiratory symptoms during the surveillance period and were tested for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 71 staff and 49 patients were identified from contact tracing, seven staff and 10 patients fulfilled the criteria of 'close contact'. At the end of 28-day surveillance, 76 tests were performed on 52 contacts and all were negative, including all patient close contacts and six of the seven staff close contacts. The remaining contacts were asymptomatic throughout the surveillance period. Our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is not spread by an airborne route, and nosocomial transmissions can be prevented through vigilant basic infection control measures, including wearing of surgical masks, hand and environmental hygiene."}, {"pmid": 32418278, "title": "#EducationInTheTimeOfCOVID: Leveraging Social Media to Teach during Pandemic Pandemonium.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Coleman, Caroline G", "Law, Karen L", "Spicer, Jennifer O"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418278", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460185, "pmcid": "PMC7237368", "title": "Clinically significant fear and anxiety of COVID-19: A psychometric examination of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Lee, Sherman A", "Mathis, Amanda A", "Jobe, Mary C", "Pappalardo, Emily A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460185", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) using an online survey of 398 adult Amazon MTurk workers in the U.S. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the CAS measures a reliable (\u03b1\u00a0=\u00a00.92), unidimensional construct with a structure that was shown to be invariant across gender, race, and age. Construct validity was demonstrated with correlations between CAS scores and demographics, coronavirus diagnosis, history of anxiety, coronavirus fear, functional impairment, alcohol/drug coping, religious coping, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, as well as social attitudes (e.g., satisfaction with President Trump). The CAS also demonstrated solid discrimination ability for functional impairment (AUC =0.88), while the original cut score of \u22659 (76% sensitivity and 90% specificity) showed the strongest diagnostic effectiveness among scores. Overall, these findings are largely consistent with the results of the first CAS investigation and support the validity of this mental health screener for COVID-19 related research and practice."}, {"pmid": 32108458, "title": "[Consideration and suggestions on development of blood transfusion department under the epidemic situation of novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, X M", "Wang, D Q"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108458", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394141, "pmcid": "PMC7213773", "title": "COVID-19: Magnifying the Effect of Health Disparities.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Kim, Eun Ji", "Marrast, Lyndonna", "Conigliaro, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394141", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335900, "pmcid": "PMC7267320", "title": "The impact of respiratory protective equipment on difficult airway management: a randomised, crossover, simulation study.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Schumacher, J", "Arlidge, J", "Dudley, D", "Sicinski, M", "Ahmad, I"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335900", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current international COVID-19 health crisis underlines the importance of adequate and suitable personal protective equipment for clinical staff during acute airway management. This study compares the impacts of standard air-purifying respirators and powered air-purifying respirators during simulated difficult airway scenarios. Twenty-five anaesthetists carried out four different standardised difficult intubation drills, either unprotected (control), or wearing a standard or a powered respirator. Treatment times and wearer comfort were determined and compared. In the wearer comfort evaluation form, operators rated mobility, noise, heat, vision and speech intelligibility. All anaesthetists accomplished the treatment objectives of all study arms without adverse events. Total mean (SD) intubation times for the four interventions did not show significant differences between the powered and the standard respirator groups, being 16.4 (8.6) vs. 19.2 (5.2) seconds with the Airtraq\u2122; 11.4 (3.4) vs. 10.0 (2.1) seconds with the videolaryngoscope; 39.2 (4.5) vs. 40.1 (4.8) seconds with the fibreoptic bronchoscope scope; and 15.4 (5.7) vs. 15.1 (5.0) seconds for standard tracheal intubation by direct laryngoscopy, respectively. Videolaryngoscopy allowed the shortest intubation times regardless of the respiratory protective device used. Anaesthetists rated heat and vision significantly higher in the powered respirator group; however, noise levels were perceived to be significantly lower than in the standard respirator group. We conclude that standard and powered respirators do not significantly prolong simulated advanced intubation procedures."}, {"pmid": 32267962, "pmcid": "PMC7262112", "title": "Migraine in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Silvestro, Marcello", "Tessitore, Alessandro", "Tedeschi, Gioacchino", "Russo, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267962", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433729, "title": "Symptomatic Infants have Higher Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Loads but Less Severe Disease than Older Children.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zachariah, Philip", "Halabi, Katia C", "Johnson, Candace L", "Whitter, Susan", "Sepulveda, Jorge", "Green, Daniel A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433729", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32155444, "pmcid": "PMC7102599", "title": "Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Walls, Alexandra C", "Park, Young-Jun", "Tortorici, M Alejandra", "Wall, Abigail", "McGuire, Andrew T", "Veesler, David"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32155444", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in >90,000 infections and >3,000 deaths. Coronavirus spike (S) glycoproteins promote entry into cells and are the main target of antibodies. We show that SARS-CoV-2\u00a0S uses ACE2 to enter cells and that the receptor-binding domains of SARS-CoV-2\u00a0S and SARS-CoV S bind with similar affinities to human ACE2, correlating with the efficient spread of SARS-CoV-2 among humans. We found that the SARS-CoV-2\u00a0S glycoprotein harbors a furin cleavage site at the boundary between the S1/S2 subunits, which is processed during biogenesis and sets this virus apart from SARS-CoV and SARS-related CoVs. We\u00a0determined cryo-EM structures of the SARS-CoV-2\u00a0S ectodomain trimer, providing a blueprint for the design of vaccines and inhibitors of viral entry.\u00a0Finally, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV S murine polyclonal antibodies potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 S mediated entry into cells, indicating that cross-neutralizing antibodies targeting conserved S epitopes can be elicited upon vaccination."}, {"pmid": 32382356, "pmcid": "PMC7203542", "title": "Circumnavigating the challenges of COVID-19 in oncology.", "journal": "Memo", "authors": ["Fuereder, Thorsten", "Gunsilius, Eberhard", "Bartsch, Rupert", "Hilbe, Wolfgang"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382356", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496267, "title": "Telepsychiatry during COVID-19: Some clinical, public health, and ethical dilemmas.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Sousa, Avinash De", "Karia, Sagar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496267", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391928, "pmcid": "PMC7272876", "title": "Midwifery in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Midwifery Womens Health", "authors": ["Murphy, Patricia Aikins"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391928", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400965, "pmcid": "PMC7273014", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 and transplantation: The combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine is responsible for excessive tacrolimus trough level and unfavorable outcome.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Xia, Tian", "Wang, Yanfeng"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400965", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392352, "pmcid": "PMC7272869", "title": "Helping medical educators world-wide pivot their curricula online: PivotMedEd.com.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Keegan, David A", "Chan, Ming-Ka", "Chan, Teresa"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392352", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many countries implementing restrictions on group gatherings and educational events, creating imperatives for educators to move curricula online with short notice. Within medical schools and health sciences programs, this urgency was compounded by competing priorities of healthcare delivery, since many educators were also clinicians."}, {"pmid": 32463239, "pmcid": "PMC7274147", "title": "Is the Rigidity of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Motif the Hallmark for Its Enhanced Infectivity? Insights from All-Atom Simulations.", "journal": "J Phys Chem Lett", "authors": ["Spinello, Angelo", "Saltalamacchia, Andrea", "Magistrato, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463239", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is setting the global health crisis of our time, causing a devastating societal and economic burden. An idiosyncratic trait of coronaviruses is the presence of spike glycoproteins on the viral envelope, which mediate the virus binding to specific host receptor, enabling its entry into the human cells. In spite of the high sequence identity of SARS-CoV-2 with its closely related SARS-CoV emerged in 2002, the atomic-level determinants underlining the molecular recognition of SARS-CoV-2 to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and, thus, the rapid virus spread into human body, remain unresolved. Here, multi-microsecond-long molecular dynamics simulations enabled us to unprecedentedly dissect the key molecular traits liable of the higher affinity/specificity of SARS-CoV-2 toward ACE2 as compared to SARS-CoV. This supplies a minute per-residue contact map underlining its stunningly high infectivity. Harnessing this knowledge is pivotal for urgently developing effective medical countermeasures to face the ongoing global health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32346090, "pmcid": "PMC7186942", "title": "Does asthma make COVID-19 worse?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Hegde, Samarth"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346090", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487540, "title": "Partha Kar: Covid-19-time for parity in commissioning diabetes services.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kar, Partha"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487540", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483487, "pmcid": "PMC7245222", "title": "Orthopedic healthcare in the time of COVID-19: Experience of the orthopedic surgery department at Mustapha Bacha Hospital, Algeria.", "journal": "Ann Med Surg (Lond)", "authors": ["Meraghni, Nadhir", "Benkaidali, Riad", "Derradji, Mohamed", "Kara, Zoubir"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483487", "countries": ["Algeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the global health emergency, which has been raised to its highest level as a consequence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), urgent and aggressive actions were taken by health institutions across the world to stop the spread of the disease while ensuring continuity of vital care. This article outlines the urgent measures put in place by the orthopedic surgery department at Mustapha Bacha Hospital in response to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32161414, "title": "Nigeria responds to COVID-19; first case detected in sub-Saharan Africa.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Adepoju, Paul"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161414", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329262, "pmcid": "PMC7183842", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Risk Communication, Shared Responsibility, and Mutual Trust Are Matters: Real Lessons from Closure of Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Taeshik", "Lee, Jin Yong"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329262", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474037, "pmcid": "PMC7255707", "title": "Improved sensitivity using a dual target, E and RdRp assay for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Experience at a large NHS Foundation Trust in the UK.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Colton, Hayley", "Ankcorn, Michael", "Yavuz, Mehmet", "Tovey, Leeanne", "Cope, Alison", "Raza, Mohammad", "Keeley, Alexander J", "State, Amy", "Poller, Bozena", "Parker, Matthew", "de Silva, Thushan I", "Evans, Cariad"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474037", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363746, "pmcid": "PMC7267425", "title": "Mitigating mental health consequences during the COVID-19 outbreak: Lessons from China.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Yao, Hao", "Chen, Jian-Hua", "Zhao, Min", "Qiu, Jian-Yin", "Koenen, Karestan C", "Stewart, Robert", "Mellor, David", "Xu, Yi-Feng"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363746", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483006, "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Endoscopic Training.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Kumar, Shria", "Prenner, Stacey", "Kochman, Michael L"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483006", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32050080, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 2 (Reporting week ending 19:00 AEDT 8 February 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32050080", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is the second epidemiological report for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), previously known as novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), reported in Australia as at 19:00 Australian Eastern Daylight Time [AEDT] 8 February 2020. It includes data on Australian cases notified during the week ending 19:00 AEDT 8 February 2020, the international situation and current information on the severity, transmission and spread of the COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32321654, "pmcid": "PMC7195035", "title": "The globe on the spotlight: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19).", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Brida, Margarita", "Chessa, Massimo", "Gu, Hong", "Gatzoulis, Michael A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321654", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479659, "title": "Bullous skin disease patients in a high-epidemic COVID-19 area, Bergamo, Italy.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Carugno, A", "Sena, P", "Raponi, F", "Robustelli Test, E", "Vezzoli, P"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479659", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Bullous pemphigoid (BP) and pemphigus vulgaris (PV) are blistering disorders associated with barrier disruption, immune dysregulation and use of immunosuppressing systemic therapy. Patients with BP and PV have higher potential risk factors for infections secondary to skin alterations, comorbidity and chronic treatment with immunosuppressing agents."}, {"pmid": 32369190, "title": "COVID-19, chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases and eosinophils - Observationsfrom reported clinical case series.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Jesenak, Milos", "Banovcin, Peter", "Diamant, Zuzana"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369190", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the world is facinga global pandemicwith a new coronavirus SARS-CoV- 2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus Type 2) causing infectious disease named COVID-19 (CoronaVirus Infectious Disease 2019). Comparing the clinical presentation and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 with previous coronavirus-associated respiratory diseases (SARS-CoV1 and MERS) revealedsome remarkable findings and differences. Moreover, the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection showed the complexity of COVID-19 profile with the variable clinical presentations."}, {"pmid": 32312544, "pmcid": "PMC7164868", "title": "Advice Regarding Systemic Therapy in Patients with Urological Cancers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Gillessen, Silke", "Powles, Thomas"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312544", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The risk/benefit ratio of a number of palliative and (neo)adjuvant treatments should be reconsidered during the COVID-19 pandemic. We provide treatment advice as a pragmatic perspective on the risk/benefit ratio in specific clinical scenarios."}, {"pmid": 32391885, "pmcid": "PMC7239192", "title": "SARS-CoV-2, a novel virus with an unusual cardiac feature: inverted takotsubo syndrome.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Solano-Lopez, Jorge", "Sanchez-Recalde, Angel", "Zamorano, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391885", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203188, "pmcid": "PMC7091858", "title": "Functional exhaustion of antiviral lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Zheng, Meijuan", "Gao, Yong", "Wang, Gang", "Song, Guobin", "Liu, Siyu", "Sun, Dandan", "Xu, Yuanhong", "Tian, Zhigang"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203188", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415658, "pmcid": "PMC7228429", "title": "Caring for Patients with Rectal Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gastrointest Surg", "authors": ["Skowron, Kinga B", "Hurst, Roger D", "Umanskiy, Konstantin", "Hyman, Neil H", "Shogan, Benjamin D"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415658", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The extraordinary spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has dramatically and rapidly changed the way in which we provide medical care for patients with all diagnoses. Conservation of resources, social distancing, and the risk of poor outcomes in COVID-19-positive cancer patients have forced practitioners and surgeons to completely rethink routine care. The treatment of patients with rectal cancer requires both a multidisciplinary approach and a significant amount of resources. It is therefore imperative to rethink how rectal cancer treatment can be aligned with the current COVID-19 pandemic paradigms. In this review, we discuss evidence-based recommendations to optimize oncological outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32459359, "title": "Psychiatry in Times of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Imperative for Psychiatrists to Act Now.", "journal": "JAMA Psychiatry", "authors": ["Luykx, Jurjen J", "Vinkers, Christiaan H", "Tijdink, Joeri K"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459359", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376056, "pmcid": "PMC7177097", "title": "Coping with COVID-19: An Italian Perspective on Corneal Surgery and Eye Banking in the Time of a Pandemic and Beyond.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Busin, Massimo", "Yu, Angeli Christy", "Ponzin, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376056", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503620, "pmcid": "PMC7273823", "title": "Adding Colchicine to the Antiretroviral Medication - Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) in Hospitalized Patients with Non-Severe Covid-19 Pneumonia: A Structured Summary of a Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Dalili, Nooshin", "Kashefizadeh, Alireza", "Nafar, Mohsen", "Poorrezagholi, Fatemeh", "Firouzan, Ahmad", "Samadian, Fariba", "Samavat, Shiva", "Ziaie, Shadi", "Fatemizadeh, Somayeh"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503620", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Colchicine is a well-known drug, which has been used for years to treat a wide range of rheumatic and inflammatory disorders. It helps break the cycle of inflammation through diverse mechanisms including reducing Intereukin-6, Interleukin-8, Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha besides controlling oxidative stress pathways which all are important and pathologic components in the clinical course and outcome of patients infected with COVID-19. This study aims to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of colchicine in non-severe hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Prospective, randomized (1:1 ratio), double blind study with parallel group design. Hospitalized patients with positive nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19 infection (RT -PCR) and lung Computed tomography scan involvement compatible with COVID-19 pneumonia. The patients are not severely hypoxic, do not need intubation or invasive oxygenation. known hypersensitivity to colchicine; known hepatic failure; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<30 ml/min/1.73m2 (by the CKD-EPI Creatinine Equation for Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) which estimates GFR based on serum creatinine. ; kidney transplant recipients, using Digoxin, QTc >450 msec. Participants will be recruited from inpatients at Labbafinejad Meidcal Center , Tehran, Iran. Eligible enrolled patients will be randomized into two groups. Group A will receive the antiretroviral Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) while group B will receive Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) + Colchicine 1.5 mg loading then 0.5 mg twice daily orally. All patients in both groups will receive the same amounts of essential minerals, vitamins as antioxidants, and antibiotics. Patients of both groups will be treated under optimal treatment based on the CDC and WHO guidelines and national consensus proposed in Iran including the same dosages of Lopinavir/Ritonavir, antibiotics, trace elements and antioxidants while only in group-B patients Colchicine will be added on top of this protocol. Primary: Time for clinical improvement and lung CT score changes 14 days after treatment. Secondary: 14 days after treatment - C-Reactive Protein test x Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio , Interleukin-6, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels reduction - Percentage of patients who require supplemental Oxygen - Mean hospital stay length RANDOMISATION: Patients will be allocated to each group (ratio 1:1) by using an online randomization tool: http://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/index.cfm BLINDING (MASKING): This will be a double-blind study in which participants and those assessing the final outcomes will be blinded to group assignment. Regarding the pandemic crisis and our center capacity to hospitalize confirmed COVID-19 patients, a total of 80 patients was found to be logical to be randomized into two groups of 40- patients. Recruitment is ongoing. Recruitment began on 20/03/2020 and the date by which the recruitment is anticipated to be completed is 30/05/2020. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04360980, registered 24/04/2020. The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32317402, "title": "Early Description of Coronavirus 2019 Disease in Kidney Transplant Recipients in New York.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317402", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although immunosuppressed individuals are thought to be at an increased risk of severe disease, little is known about their clinical presentation, disease course, or outcomes. We report 15 kidney transplant recipients from the Columbia University kidney transplant program who required hospitalization for confirmed COVID-19, and describe their management, clinical course, and outcomes. Patients presented most often with a fever (87%) and/or cough (67%). Initial chest x-ray most commonly showed bilateral infiltrates, but 33% had no acute radiographic findings. Patients were managed with immunosuppression reduction and the addition of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. Although 27% of our patients needed mechanical ventilation, over half were discharged home by the end of follow-up. Kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 have presentations that are similar to that of the general population. Our current treatment protocol appears to be associated with favorable outcomes, but longer follow-up of a larger cohort of patients is needed."}, {"pmid": 32449851, "title": "Operating during COVID-19: Is there a risk of viral transmission from surgical smoke during surgery?", "journal": "Can J Surg", "authors": ["Vourtzoumis, Phil", "Alkhamesi, Nawar", "Elnahas, Ahmad", "Hawel, Jeffrey E", "Schlachta, Christopher"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization declared a pandemic when coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started to sweep the globe. Growing concerns for the safety of health care workers was raised when up to 80% of people with COVID-19 showed mild or no symptoms at all. Some surgical procedures will be inevitable during the pandemic, and proper safety measures must be in place to avoid transmission risks. Surgical smoke is a common by-product from the use of energy devices in the operating room. The effects of surgical smoke have been studied for more than 40 years, and potential health hazards have been reported. Chemicals, carcinogens and biologically active materials, such as bacteria and viruses, have been isolated in surgical smoke. To ensure the safety of operating room personnel, we must consider whether there is any concern of viral transmission from the inhalation of surgical smoke."}, {"pmid": 32476607, "title": "Delayed specific IgM antibody responses observed among COVID-19 patients with severe progression.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Shen, Liang", "Wang, Chunhua", "Zhao, Jianzhong", "Tang, Xiaoyong", "Shen, Ying", "Lu, Mingqing", "Ding, Zhe", "Huang, Canping", "Zhang, Ji", "Li, Shichao", "Lan, Jiaming", "Wong, Gary", "Zhu, Yufang"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476607", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly worldwide since it was confirmed as the causative agent of COVID-19. Molecular diagnosis of the disease is typically performed via nucleic acid-based detection of the virus from swabs, sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). However, the positive rate from the commonly used specimens (swabs or sputum) was less than 75%. Immunological assays for SARS-CoV-2 are needed to accurately diagnose COVID-19. Sera were collected from patients or healthy people in a local hospital in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China. The SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM antibodies were then detected using a SARS-CoV-2 IgM colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA). Results were analysed in combination with sera collection date and clinical information. The GICA was found to be positive with the detected 82.2% (37/45) of RT-qPCR confirmed COVID-19 cases, as well as 32.0% (8/25) of clinically confirmed, RT-qPCR negative patients (4-14 days after symptom onset). Investigation of IgM-negative, RT-qPCR-positive COVID-19 patients showed that half of them developed severe disease. The GICA was found to be a useful test to complement existing PCR-based assays for confirmation of COVID-19, and a delayed specific IgM antibody response was observed among COVID-19 patients with severe progression."}, {"pmid": 32379320, "pmcid": "PMC7239096", "title": "Letter: Approaches to Mitigate Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Neurosurgical Residency Application Cycle.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Harary, Maya", "Bergsneider, Marvin"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379320", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350859, "pmcid": "PMC7235491", "title": "Redundancy in reporting on COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Papes, Dino", "Ozimec, Elizabeta"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350859", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400295, "title": "COVID-19: time for a bold new strategy for medical education.", "journal": "Med Educ Online", "authors": ["Watson, Alastair", "McKinnon, Tamsin", "Prior, Scarlet-Daisy", "Richards, Liam", "Green, Christopher A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401345, "pmcid": "PMC7272973", "title": "Genetic variants and source of introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in South America.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Poterico, Julio A", "Mestanza, Orson"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401345", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After more than four months of the COVID-19 pandemics with genomic information of SARS-CoV-2 around the globe, there are more than 1000 complete genomes of this virus. We used 691 genomes from the GISAID database. Several studies have been reporting mutations and hotspots according to the viral evolution. Our work intends to show and compare positions that have variants in 30 complete viral genomes from South American countries. We classified strains according to point alterations and portray the source where strains came into this region. Most viruses entered to South America from Europe, followed by Oceania. Only Chilean isolates demonstrated a relationship to Asian isolates. Some changes in South American genomes are near to specific domains related to replication or S protein. Our work contributes to global understanding of which sort of strains are spreading throughout South American countries, and the differences among them according to the first isolates introduced in this region. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32322146, "pmcid": "PMC7173638", "title": "Aerosolization of COVID-19 and Contamination Risks During Respiratory Treatments.", "journal": "Fed Pract", "authors": ["Benge, Cassandra D", "Barwise, John Alan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322146", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aerosolized medications are frequently administered across the health care continuum to acutely ill patients. During viral pandemics, the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advise the application of airborne precautions when performing aerosol-generating medical procedures, such as aerosolized medications. Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including fit-tested particulate respirators should be worn when administering nebulized medications to patients. These PPEs have been in short supply in the US during early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is increasing the risk faced by health care workers (HCWs) who are treating patients using aerosolized medications. Despite taking appropriate precautions, HCWs are becoming infected with COVID-19. This may be related to secondary exposure related to viral longevity in fugitive emissions and viability on fomites. We have expanded on non-US public health recommendations to provide guidance to frontline HCWs to enhance collaboration between clinicians, who are often siloed in their clinical practices, and ultimately to protect the federal workforce, which cannot sustain a significant loss of frontline HCWs."}, {"pmid": 32430431, "title": "Smoking, ACE-2, and COVID-19: Ongoing Controversies.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Leung, Janice M", "Sin, Don D"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430431", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417878, "pmcid": "PMC7239216", "title": "From natural disaster to pandemic: A health-system pharmacy rises to the challenge.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Zuckerman, Autumn D", "Patel, Pratish C", "Sullivan, Mark", "Potts, Amy", "Knostman, Molly", "Humphreys, Elizabeth", "O'Neal, Michael", "Bryant, Andrea", "Torr, Donna K", "Lobo, Bob", "Peek, Grayson", "Kelley, Tara", "Manfred, James", "Tomichek, Jason", "Crothers, Garrett", "Catlin, Rusty", "Brumagin, Hannah E", "Hughes, Leslee", "Hayman, Jim"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. This report describes a health-system pharmacy's response to a natural disaster while staff members simultaneously prepared for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. By detailing our experience, we hope to help other institutions that are current facing or could encounter similar crises. In early March 2020, a tornado destroyed the health system's warehouse for storage of most clinical supplies, including personal protective equipment and fluids. The pharmacy purchasing team collaborated with suppliers and manufacturers to recover losses and establish alternative storage areas. Days later, the pharmacy department was forced to address the impending COVID-19 pandemic. Key elements of the COVID-19 response included reducing the potential for patient and staff virus exposure; overcoming challenges in sourcing of staff, personal protective equipment, and medications; and changing care delivery practices to maintain high-quality patient care while maximizing social distancing. The pharmacy department also created distance learning opportunities for 70 pharmacy students on rotations. After an initial plan, ongoing needs include adjustment in patient care activities if significant staff losses occur, when and how to resume clinical activities, and how to best utilize the resources accumulated. Elements of practice changes implemented to reduce COVID-19 threats to patients and pharmacy personnel have proven beneficial and will be further evaluated for potential continuation. The pharmacy department's efforts to respond to a natural disaster and unprecedented pandemic have proven successful to this point and have illuminated several lessons, including the necessity of cohesive department communication, staff flexibility, prioritization of teamwork, and external collaboration."}, {"pmid": 32199075, "pmcid": "PMC7271261", "title": "Health security capacities in the context of COVID-19 outbreak: an analysis of International Health Regulations annual report data from 182 countries.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Kandel, Nirmal", "Chungong, Stella", "Omaar, Abbas", "Xing, Jun"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health measures to prevent, detect, and respond to events are essential to control public health risks, including infectious disease outbreaks, as highlighted in the International Health Regulations (IHR). In light of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), we aimed to review existing health security capacities against public health risks and events. We used 18 indicators from the IHR State Party Annual Reporting (SPAR) tool and associated data from national SPAR reports to develop five indices: (1) prevent, (2) detect, (3) respond, (4) enabling function, and (5) operational readiness. We used SPAR 2018 data for all of the indicators and categorised countries into five levels across the indices, in which level 1 indicated the lowest level of national capacity and level 5 the highest. We also analysed data at the regional level (using the six geographical WHO regions). Of 182 countries, 52 (28%) had prevent capacities at levels 1 or 2, and 60 (33%) had response capacities at levels 1 or 2. 81 (45%) countries had prevent capacities and 78 (43%) had response capacities at levels 4 or 5, indicating that these countries were operationally ready. 138 (76%) countries scored more highly in the detect index than in the other indices. 44 (24%) countries did not have an effective enabling function for public health risks and events, including infectious disease outbreaks (7 [4%] at level 1 and 37 [20%] at level 2). 102 (56%) countries had level 4 or level 5 enabling function capacities in place. 32 (18%) countries had low readiness (2 [1%] at level 1 and 30 [17%] at level 2), and 104 (57%) countries were operationally ready to prevent, detect, and control an outbreak of a novel infectious disease (66 [36%] at level 4 and 38 [21%] at level 5). Countries vary widely in terms of their capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to outbreaks. Half of all countries analysed have strong operational readiness capacities in place, which suggests that an effective response to potential health emergencies could be enabled, including to COVID-19. Findings from local risk assessments are needed to fully understand national readiness capacities in relation to COVID-19. Capacity building and collaboration between countries are needed to strengthen global readiness for outbreak control. None."}, {"pmid": 32236694, "pmcid": "PMC7107007", "title": "[Geriatrics in times of corona].", "journal": "Z Gerontol Geriatr", "authors": ["Gosch, M", "Singler, K", "Kwetkat, A", "Heppner, H J"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236694", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current corona crisis affects older patients as well as the geriatric infrastructure in all sectors. This article provides an overview about the current state of knowledge on COVID-19 with special consideration of geriatric aspects and the consequences for the geriatric care system."}, {"pmid": 32060619, "pmcid": "PMC7079932", "title": "Imaging features of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Xu, Xi", "Yu, Chengcheng", "Zhang, Lieguang", "Luo, Liangping", "Liu, Jinxin"], "date": "2020-02-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32060619", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473109, "pmcid": "PMC7251400", "title": "Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Convalescent Plasma.", "journal": "Am J Pathol", "authors": ["Salazar, Eric", "Perez, Katherine K", "Ashraf, Madiha", "Chen, Jian", "Castillo, Brian", "Christensen, Paul A", "Eubank, Taryn", "Bernard, David W", "Eagar, Todd N", "Long, S Wesley", "Subedi, Sishir", "Olsen, Randall J", "Leveque, Christopher", "Schwartz, Mary R", "Dey, Monisha", "Chavez-East, Cheryl", "Rogers, John", "Shehabeldin, Ahmed", "Joseph, David", "Williams, Guy", "Thomas, Karen", "Masud, Faisal", "Talley, Christina", "Dlouhy, Katharine G", "Lopez, Bevin Valdez", "Hampton, Curt", "Lavinder, Jason", "Gollihar, Jimmy D", "Maranhao, Andre C", "Ippolito, Gregory C", "Saavedra, Matthew Ojeda", "Cantu, Concepcion C", "Yerramilli, Prasanti", "Pruitt, Layne", "Musser, James M"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473109", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread globally, and no proven treatments are available. Convalescent plasma therapy has been used with varying degrees of success to treat severe microbial infections for more than 100 years. Patients (n = 25) with severe and/or life-threatening COVID-19 disease were enrolled at the Houston Methodist hospitals from March 28 - April 14, 2020. Patients were transfused with convalescent plasma obtained from donors with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and had recovered. The primary study outcome was safety, and the secondary outcome was clinical status at day 14 post-transfusion. Clinical improvement was assessed based on a modified World Health Organization 6-point ordinal scale and laboratory parameters. Viral genome sequencing was performed on donor and recipient strains. At day 7 post-transfusion with convalescent plasma, nine patients had at least a 1-point improvement in clinical scale, and seven of those were discharged. By day 14 post-transfusion, 19 (76%) patients had at least a 1-point improvement in clinical status and 11 were discharged. No adverse events as a result of plasma transfusion were observed. Whole genome sequencing data did not identify a strain genotype-disease severity correlation. The data indicate that administration of convalescent plasma is a safe treatment option for those with severe COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32454586, "pmcid": "PMC7228869", "title": "Demand for potentially hazardous COVID-19 treatments.", "journal": "PharmacoEcon Outcomes News", "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454586", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443810, "title": "A Structural View of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Replication Machinery: RNA Synthesis, Proofreading and Final Capping.", "journal": "Cells", "authors": ["Romano, Maria", "Ruggiero, Alessia", "Squeglia, Flavia", "Maga, Giovanni", "Berisio, Rita"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443810", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is due to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The scientific community has mounted a strong response by accelerating research and innovation, and has quickly set the foundation for understanding the molecular determinants of the disease for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. The replication of the viral genome within the infected cells is a key stage of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. It is a complex process involving the action of several viral and host proteins in order to perform RNA polymerization, proofreading and final capping. This review provides an update of the structural and functional data on the key actors of the replicatory machinery of SARS-CoV-2, to fill the gaps in the currently available structural data, which is mainly obtained through homology modeling. Moreover, learning from similar viruses, we collect data from the literature to reconstruct the pattern of interactions among the protein actors of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase machinery. Here, an important role is played by co-factors such as Nsp8 and Nsp10, not only as allosteric activators but also as molecular connectors that hold the entire machinery together to enhance the efficiency of RNA replication."}, {"pmid": 32363578, "pmcid": "PMC7267388", "title": "Preventing the dysfunction of public health centres responding to COVID-19 by focusing on public health nurses in Japan.", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["Yoshioka-Maeda, Kyoko", "Iwasaki-Motegi, Riho", "Honda, Chikako"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363578", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456846, "pmcid": "PMC7242955", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: The why, the what and the how.", "journal": "J Diabetes Complications", "authors": ["Cuschieri, Sarah", "Grech, Stephan"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456846", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has taken the world by storm. Alongside COVID-19, diabetes is a long-standing global epidemic. The diabetes population has been reported to suffer adverse outcomes if infected by COVID-19. The aim was to summarise information and resources available on diabetes and COVID-19, highlighting special measures that individuals with diabetes need to follow. A search using keywords \"COVID-19\" and \"Diabetes\" was performed using different sources, including PubMed and World Health Organization. COVID-19 may enhance complications in individuals with diabetes through an imbalance in angiotension-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activation pathways leading to an inflammatory response. ACE2 imbalance in the pancreas causes acute \u03b2-cell dysfunction and a resultant hyperglycemic state. These individuals may be prone to worsened COVID-19 complications including vasculopathy, coagulopathy as well as psychological stress. Apart from general preventive measures, remaining hydrated, monitoring blood glucose regularly and monitoring ketone bodies in urine if on insulin is essential. All this while concurrently maintaining physical activity and a healthy diet. Different supporting entities are being set up to help this population. COVID-19 is a top priority. It is important to remember that a substantial proportion of the world's population is affected by other co-morbidities such as diabetes. These require special attention during this pandemic to avoid adding on to the burden of countries' healthcare systems."}, {"pmid": 32108071, "title": "Where did SARS-CoV-2 come from?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Zhai, Shao-Lun", "Wei, Wen-Kang", "Lv, Dian-Hong", "Xu, Zhi-Hong", "Chen, Qin-Ling", "Sun, Ming-Fei", "Li, Feng", "Wang, Dan"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108071", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474371, "pmcid": "PMC7244439", "title": "Rapid implementation and validation of a cold-chain free SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing workflow to support surge capacity.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Bosworth, Andrew", "Whalley, Celina", "Poxon, Charlie", "Wanigasooriya, Kasun", "Pickles, Oliver", "Aldera, Erin L", "Papakonstantinou, Danai", "Morley, Gabriella L", "Walker, Eloise M", "Zielinska, Agnieszka E", "McLoughlin, Dee", "Webster, Craig", "Plant, Tim", "Ellis, Andrew", "Richter, Alex", "Kidd, I Michael", "Beggs, Andrew D"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474371", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020 reports of unidentified severe respiratory illness were described in Wuhan, China. A rapid expansion in cases affecting most countries around the globe led to major changes in the way people live their daily lives. In the United Kingdom, the Department of Health and Social Care directed healthcare providers to establish additional resources to manage the anticipated surge in cases that could overwhelm the health services. A priority area was testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and its detection by qualitative RT-PCR. A laboratory workflow twinning research environment with clinical laboratory capabilities was implemented and validated in the University of Birmingham within 4 days of the project initiation. The diagnostic capability was centred on an IVD CE-marked RT-PCR kit and designed to provide surge capacity to the nearby Queen Elizabeth Hospital. The service was initially tasked with testing healthcare workers (HCW) using throat swabs, and subsequently the process investigated the utility of using saliva as an alternative sample type. Between the 8th April 2020 and the 30th April 2020, the laboratory tested a total of 1282 HCW for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in throat swabs. RNA was detected in 54 % of those who reported symptoms compatible with COVID-19, but in only 4% who were asymptomatic. This capability was established rapidly and utilised a cold-chain free methodology, applicable to a wide range of settings, and which can provide surge capacity and support to clinical laboratories facing increasing pressure during periods of national crisis."}, {"pmid": 32335512, "title": "Absence of severe complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with rheumatic diseases treated with biologic drugs.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Filocamo, Giovanni", "Minoia, Francesca", "Carbogno, Simone", "Costi, Stefania", "Romano, Micol", "Cimaz, Rolando"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335512", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interest the Editorial by Cron and Chatam (1) suggesting a cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) occurring in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and, consequently, a possible role for targeted approaches to blocking inflammatory cytokines."}, {"pmid": 32428076, "title": "COVID-19 and smoking: a high-risk association.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Silva, Andre Luiz Oliveira da", "Moreira, Josino Costa", "Martins, Stella Regina"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428076", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495332, "title": "[The War Against the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019): Keys to Successfully Defending Taiwan].", "journal": "Hu Li Za Zhi", "authors": ["Huang, Wan-Tsuei", "Chen, Yin-Yin"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495332", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 triggered the largest human-virus war in this century. Current evidence indicates that the SARS-CoV-2 strain of coronavirus is mainly transmitted by droplets either by direct or indirect contact. The duration of infectiousness of COVID-19 ranges from 1-2 days before and 7-10 days after the onset of symptoms. It is often difficult to detect the signs and symptoms of infection and to implement timely intervention during the very early stage of infection. Thus, finding and isolating symptomatic patients may not be sufficient to contain this epidemic. Therefore, it is very important to wear masks, take personal precautions, and practice recommended social distancing to achieve source control and stop transmission. Taiwan has learned from its previous experience with the SARS epidemic and prepared for the potential of new disease outbreaks for at least 17 years. This helped the government to implement a multifaceted strategy in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. Taiwan's effective response has made the country a model for pandemic response policy that has been appreciated internationally. This paper examines COVID-19 epidemic prevention from the perspective of infection control strategies. In Taiwan, hospital infection control, which is practiced nationwide, emphasizes the importance to epidemic prevention of collecting and tracking travel history, occupation, contact history, cluster (TOCC) information; practicing hand hygiene; promoting the correct use of personal protective equipment; and maintaining safe distances from others. Personal control measures are recognized as critical to providing a safe environment for patients and staff."}, {"pmid": 32305883, "pmcid": "PMC7195278", "title": "Coagulation disorders in coronavirus infected patients: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and lessons from the past.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Giannis, Dimitrios", "Ziogas, Ioannis A", "Gianni, Panagiota"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305883", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus strain disease, has recently emerged in China and rapidly spread worldwide. This novel strain is highly transmittable and severe disease has been reported in up to 16% of hospitalized cases. More than 600,000 cases have been confirmed and the number of deaths is constantly increasing. COVID-19 hospitalized patients, especially those suffering from severe respiratory or systemic manifestations, fall under the spectrum of the acutely ill medical population, which is at increased venous thromboembolism risk. Thrombotic complications seem to emerge as an important issue in patients infected with COVID-19. Preliminary reports on COVID-19 patients' clinical and laboratory findings include thrombocytopenia, elevated D-dimer, prolonged prothrombin time, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. As the pandemic is spreading and the whole picture is yet unknown, we highlight the importance of coagulation disorders in COVID-19 infected patients and review relevant data of previous coronavirus epidemics caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)."}, {"pmid": 32334207, "pmcid": "PMC7139242", "title": "Real-time estimation and prediction of mortality caused by COVID-19 with patient information based algorithm.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Wang, Lishi", "Li, Jing", "Guo, Sumin", "Xie, Ning", "Yao, Lan", "Cao, Yanhong", "Day, Sara W", "Howard, Scott C", "Graff, J Carolyn", "Gu, Tianshu", "Ji, Jiafu", "Gu, Weikuan", "Sun, Dianjun"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334207", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 outbreak is worrisome both for its high rate of spread, and the high case fatality rate reported by early studies and now in Italy. We report a new methodology, the Patient Information Based Algorithm (PIBA), for estimating the death rate of a disease in real-time using publicly available data collected during an outbreak. PIBA estimated the death rate based on data of the patients in Wuhan and then in other cities throughout China. The estimated days from hospital admission to death was 13 (standard deviation (SD), 6\u202fdays). The death rates based on PIBA were used to predict the daily numbers of deaths since the week of February 25, 2020, in China overall, Hubei province, Wuhan city, and the rest of the country except Hubei province. The death rate of COVID-19 ranges from 0.75% to 3% and may decrease in the future. The results showed that the real death numbers had fallen into the predicted ranges. In addition, using the preliminary data from China, the PIBA method was successfully used to estimate the death rate and predict the death numbers of the Korean population. In conclusion, PIBA can be used to efficiently estimate the death rate of a new infectious disease in real-time and to predict future deaths. The spread of 2019-nCoV and its case fatality rate may vary in regions with different climates and temperatures from Hubei and Wuhan. PIBA model can be built based on known information of early patients in different countries."}, {"pmid": 32463534, "title": "Heart failure management during COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Telemedicine experience from a heart failure university tertiary referral centre.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Salzano, Andrea", "D'Assante, Roberta", "Stagnaro, Francesca Maria", "Valente, Valeria", "Crisci, Giulia", "Giardino, Federica", "Arcopinto, Michele", "Bossone, Eduardo", "Marra, Alberto Maria", "Cittadini, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463534", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508022, "title": "Acute lung injury in patients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Li, Liyang", "Huang, Qihong", "Wang, Diane C", "Ingbar, David H", "Wang, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508022", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the 2020 Spring Festival in China, the outbreak of a novel coronavirus, named COVID-19 by WHO, brought on a worldwide panic. According to the clinical data of infected patients, radiologic evidence of lung edema is common and deserves clinical attention. Lung edema is a manifestation of acute lung injury (ALI) and may progress to hypoxemia and potentially acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients diagnosed with ARDS have poorer prognosis and potentially higher mortality. Although no effective treatment is formally approved for COVID-19 infection, support of ventilation with oxygen therapy and sometimes mechanical ventilation is often required. Treatment with systemic and/or local glucocorticoids might be helpful to alleviate the pulmonary inflammation and edema, which may decrease the development and/or consequences of ARDS. In this article, we focus on the lung edema and ALI of patients with this widely transmitted COVID-19 infection in order to provide clinical indications and potential therapeutic targets for clinicians and researchers."}, {"pmid": 32534226, "title": "Monoclonal antibody as a potential anti-COVID-19.", "journal": "Biomed Pharmacother", "authors": ["Jahanshahlu, Leila", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534226", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is expanding rapidly, which made it as one of top priorities for scientists to develop novel treatment strategies. Researchers are racing to develop treatments based on antibodies to block and/or neutralize the coronavirus in affected patients. Initially, the genetic and structural similarity of the virus to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) created the potential for understanding disease pathogenesis. Researchers have published reports of specific monoclonal antibodies against to COVID-19 (B38, H4, 47D11) and hope that this method is effective. As well as studies on patients who are plasma therapy, the patient's condition shows improvement. The evidence for these studies is very promising and demonstrates the potential of monoclonal antibody therapy as a therapeutic approach and prevention of covid-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32251805, "pmcid": "PMC7128884", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 25 death cases with COVID-19: A retrospective review of medical records in a single medical center, Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Xun", "Wang, Luwen", "Yan, Shaonan", "Yang, Fan", "Xiang, Longkui", "Zhu, Jiling", "Shen, Bo", "Gong, Zuojiong"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251805", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to summarize the clinical characteristics of death cases with COVID-19 and to identify critically ill patients of COVID-19 early and reduce their mortality. The clinical records, laboratory findings and radiological assessments included chest X-ray or computed tomography were extracted from electronic medical records of 25 died patients with COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from Jan 14 to Feb 13, 2020. Two experienced clinicians reviewed and abstracted the data. The age and underlying diseases (hypertension, diabetes, etc.) were the most important risk factors for death of COVID-19 pneumonia. Bacterial infections may play an important role in promoting the death of patients. Malnutrition was common to severe patients. Multiple organ dysfunction can be observed, the most common organ damage was lung, followed by heart, kidney and liver. The rising of neutrophils, SAA, PCT, CRP, cTnI, D-dimer, LDH and lactate levels can be used as indicators of disease progression, as well as the decline of lymphocytes counts. The clinical characteristics of 25 death cases with COVID-19 we summarized, which would be helpful to identify critically ill patients of COVID-19 early and reduce their mortality."}, {"pmid": 32379902, "pmcid": "PMC7267334", "title": "COVID-19 in a patient with pre-existing acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Wu, Yinlian", "Lin, Heng", "Xie, Qiang", "Chen, Qun", "Huang, Yanfang", "Zhu, Yueyong", "Chen, Lizhou"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379902", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404178, "pmcid": "PMC7218503", "title": "Prioritizing vulnerable populations and women on the frontlines: COVID-19 in humanitarian contexts.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Sharma, Vandana", "Scott, Jennifer", "Kelly, Jocelyn", "VanRooyen, Michael J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404178", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has been declared a global pandemic and cases are being reported among displaced populations that are particularly vulnerable to infection. Humanitarian workers on the frontlines of the response are working in some of the most challenging contexts and also face elevated risk of contracting COVID-19 and potential stigmatization or violence in the community. Women humanitarians may be at even greater risk, but their protection is dependent on organization-specific policies and procedures. Without gender balance in leadership positions, the specific needs of women may not be prioritized and women may not be included in decision-making or design of responses. Ensuring gender equitable access to personal protective equipment and information is imperative, but additional measures must be put into place to ensure the protection of women on the frontlines while reducing COVID-19 deaths and adverse health effects among displaced populations."}, {"pmid": 32433507, "pmcid": "PMC7237061", "title": "CLL and COVID-19 at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona: an interim report.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Baumann, Tycho", "Delgado, Julio", "Montserrat, Emili"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433507", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222161, "pmcid": "PMC7195275", "title": "Considering inequalities in the school closure response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Armitage, Richard", "Nellums, Laura B"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469298, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic, public health preparedness in Nepal and one health approach.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Pokharel, Sunil", "Raut, Shristi", "Rijal, Komal Raj", "Adhikari, Bipin"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469298", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32161728, "pmcid": "PMC7056477", "title": "New Year and coronavirus.", "journal": "J Exerc Rehabil", "authors": ["Kim, Chang-Ju"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161728", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32244779, "pmcid": "PMC7230814", "title": "Master Regulator Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2/Human Interactome.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Guzzi, Pietro H", "Mercatelli, Daniele", "Ceraolo, Carmine", "Giorgi, Federico M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244779", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent epidemic outbreak of a novel human coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 causing the respiratory tract disease COVID-19 has reached worldwide resonance and a global effort is being undertaken to characterize the molecular features and evolutionary origins of this virus. In this paper, we set out to shed light on the SARS-CoV-2/host receptor recognition, a crucial factor for successful virus infection. Based on the current knowledge of the interactome between SARS-CoV-2 and host cell proteins, we performed Master Regulator Analysis to detect which parts of the human interactome are most affected by the infection. We detected, amongst others, affected apoptotic and mitochondrial mechanisms, and a downregulation of the ACE2 protein receptor, notions that can be used to develop specific therapies against this new virus."}, {"pmid": 32303483, "pmcid": "PMC7153522", "title": "COVID-19 in long-term care facilities: An upcoming threat that cannot be ignored.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lai, Chih-Cheng", "Wang, Jui-Hsiang", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Yen, Muh-Yong", "Lu, Min-Chi", "Lee, Chun-Ming", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303483", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360606, "title": "SARS-CoV2 entry and spread in the lymphatic drainage system of the brain.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Bostanciklioglu, Mehmet"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360606", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441063, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers and cardiovascular disease.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Jennings, Garry Lr"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441063", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423586, "pmcid": "PMC7200126", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus co-infection.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Cuadrado-Payan, Elena", "Montagud-Marrahi, Enrique", "Torres-Elorza, Manuel", "Bodro, Marta", "Blasco, Miquel", "Poch, Esteban", "Soriano, Alex", "Pineiro, Gaston J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423586", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328916, "pmcid": "PMC7176976", "title": "Correction to: Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Lu, Renfei", "Wu, Xiuming", "Wan, Zhenzhou", "Li, Yingxue", "Zuo, Lulu", "Qin, Jianru", "Jin, Xia", "Zhang, Chiyu"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328916", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The corrected legend is given below."}, {"pmid": 32468014, "title": "Comprehensive analysis of drugs to treat SARSCoV2 infection: Mechanistic insights into current COVID19 therapies (Review).", "journal": "Int J Mol Med", "authors": ["Nitulescu, George Mihai", "Paunescu, Horia", "Moschos, Sterghios A", "Petrakis, Dimitrios", "Nitulescu, Georgiana", "Ion, George Nicolae Daniel", "Spandidos, Demetrios A", "Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos", "Drakoulis, Nikolaos", "Tsatsakis, Aristidis"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468014", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The major impact produced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02 (SARS\u2011CoV\u20112) focused many researchers attention to find treatments that can suppress transmission or ameliorate the disease. Despite the very fast and large flow of scientific data on possible treatment solutions, none have yet demonstrated unequivocal clinical utility against coronavirus disease\u00a02019 (COVID\u201119). This work represents an exhaustive and critical review of all available data on potential treatments for COVID\u201119, highlighting their mechanistic characteristics and the strategy development rationale. Drug repurposing, also known as drug repositioning, and target based methods are the most used strategies to advance therapeutic solutions into clinical practice. Current in\u00a0silico, in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo evidence regarding proposed treatments are summarized providing strong support for future research efforts."}, {"pmid": 32325462, "title": "Covid-19 and children with cancer: are they at increased risk of infection?", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Ruggiero, Antonio", "Romano, Alberto", "Attina, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325462", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372840, "pmcid": "PMC7195264", "title": "Remaining hopeful.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Lu, Donna"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372840", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Jane Goodall has tirelessly fought for a better world for humans and wildlife, and with covid-19 she says there are reasons to stay positive, finds Donna Lu."}, {"pmid": 32340216, "pmcid": "PMC7230749", "title": "Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Calder, Philip C", "Carr, Anitra C", "Gombart, Adrian F", "Eggersdorfer, Manfred"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations help reduce the spread and impact of infections. Nevertheless, the global burden of infection is high, and additional measures are necessary. Acute respiratory tract infections, for example, were responsible for approximately 2.38 million deaths worldwide in 2016. The role nutrition plays in supporting the immune system is well-established. A wealth of mechanistic and clinical data show that vitamins, including vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate; trace elements, including zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper; and the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid play important and complementary roles in supporting the immune system. Inadequate intake and status of these nutrients are widespread, leading to a decrease in resistance to infections and as a consequence an increase in disease burden. Against this background the following conclusions are made: (1) supplementation with the above micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids is a safe, effective, and low-cost strategy to help support optimal immune function; (2) supplementation above the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), but within recommended upper safety limits, for specific nutrients such as vitamins C and D is warranted; and (3) public health officials are encouraged to include nutritional strategies in their recommendations to improve public health."}, {"pmid": 32324109, "title": "Telemedicine During The COVID-19 in Italy: A Missed Opportunity?", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Omboni, Stefano"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324109", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    In the time of COVID-19 epidemic, Italy was found unprepared to manage lockdown patients with chronic diseases, due to limited availability and diffusion of large-scale telemedicine solutions. The scattered distribution and heterogeneity of available tools, the lack of integration with the electronic health record of the national health system, the poor interconnection between telemedicine services operating at different levels, the lack of a real multidisciplinary approach to the patient's management, the heavy privacy regulations, and lack of clear guidelines, together with the lack of reimbursement, all hinder the implementation of effective telemedicine solutions for long-term patients' management. This COVID-19 epidemic should help promote better use and a larger integration of telemedicine services in the armamentarium of health care services. Telemedicine must no longer be considered as an option or add-on to react to an emergency.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32313661, "pmcid": "PMC7161807", "title": "COVID-19 first stage in Japan - how we treat 'Diamond Princess Cruise Ship' with 3700 passengers?", "journal": "Acute Med Surg", "authors": ["Takeuchi, Ichiro"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313661", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292631, "pmcid": "PMC7130087", "title": "The inflection point about COVID-19 may have passed.", "journal": "Sci Bull (Beijing)", "authors": ["Gu, Chaolin", "Zhu, Jie", "Sun, Yifei", "Zhou, Kai", "Gu, Jiang"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292631", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504741, "title": "Does type of immunosupression influence the course of Covid-19 infection?", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Razanamahery, J", "Soumagne, T", "Humbert, S", "Brunel, A S", "Lepiller, Q", "Daguindau, E", "Mansi, L", "Chirouze, C", "Bouiller, K"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504741", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) is a new emerging virus responsible for pandemic and death. High blood pressure, diabetes, obesity have been described as poor prognosis factors. Few data have been reported in patient with immunocompromised status (solid tumor, hematological malignancy, rheumatoid conditions or organ transplant). We evaluated the characteristics of patients, including the outcome, with immunodepression hospitalized in Besancon University hospital (East of France). We wanted to identify if a type of immunosupression influences the course of Covid-19. In a cohort of 80 patients with immunosupression (42 solid tumors, 20 hematological malignancy and 18 non neoplastic immunosupression), poor outcomes (Intensive care unit hospitalization and or deaths) was frequent (38%) and tended to be more frequent in patients with hematological malignancy."}, {"pmid": 32497211, "title": "Providing a laboratory diagnostic service for pandemic SARS-CoV-2 in a developing country.", "journal": "Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Sam, I-Ching", "Chong, Jennifer", "Kamarudin, Rozainah", "Jafar, Faizatul Lela", "Lee, Lu Mei", "Bador, Maria Kahar", "Chew, Yee Yean", "Tan, Maw Pin", "Chan, Yoke Fun"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497211", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215956, "title": "Covid-19 and the digestive system.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Wong, Sunny H", "Lui, Rashid Ns", "Sung, Joseph Jy"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215956", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease is currently causing a major pandemic. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a member of the Betacoronavirus genus that also includes the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. While patients typically present with fever and a respiratory illness, some patients also report gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Studies have identified the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool specimens of infected patients, and its viral receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 was found to be highly expressed in gastrointestinal epithelial cells. These suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can actively infect and replicate in the gastrointestinal tract. This has important implications to the disease management, transmission, and infection control. In this article, we review the important gastrointestinal aspects of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32342039, "pmcid": "PMC7183973", "title": "Letter to the Editor: \"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection\".", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Maida, Fabrizio Di", "Antonelli, Alessandro", "Porreca, Angelo", "Rocco, Bernardo", "Mari, Andrea", "Minervini, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342039", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330565, "pmcid": "PMC7194523", "title": "Donning a New Approach to the Practice of Gastroenterology: Perspectives From the COVID-19 Pandemic Epicenter.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Sethi, Amrita", "Swaminath, Arun", "Latorre, Melissa", "Behin, Daniel S", "Jodorkovsky, Daniela", "Calo, Delia", "Aroniadis, Olga", "Mone, Anjali", "Mendelsohn, Robin B", "Sharaiha, Reem Z", "Gonda, Tamas A", "Khanna, Lauren G", "Bucobo, Juan Carlos", "Nagula, Satish", "Ho, Sammy", "Carr-Locke, David L", "Robbins, David H"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330565", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic seemingly is peaking now in New York City and has triggered significant changes to the standard management of gastrointestinal diseases. Priorities such as minimizing viral transmission, preserving personal protective equipment, and freeing hospital beds have driven unconventional approaches to managing gastroenterology (GI) patients. Conversion of endoscopy units to COVID units and redeployment of GI fellows and faculty has profoundly changed the profile of most GI services. Meanwhile, consult and procedural volumes have been reduced drastically. In this review, we share our collective experiences regarding how we have changed our practice of medicine in response to the COVID surge. Although we review our management of specific consults and conditions, the overarching theme focuses primarily on noninvasive measures and maximizing medical therapies. Endoscopic procedures have been reserved for those timely interventions that are most likely to be therapeutic. The role of multidisciplinary discussion, although always important, now has become critical. The support of our faculty and trainees remains essential. Local leadership can encourage well-being by frequent team check-ins and by fostering trainee development through remote learning. Advancing a clear vision and a transparent process for how to organize and triage care in the recovery phase will allow for a smooth transition to our new normal."}, {"pmid": 32513225, "title": "Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors: A potential prophylactic treatment option for SARS-CoV-2-induced respiratory complications?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Mohamed, Mahmoud M A", "El-Shimy, Ismail Amr", "Hadi, Muhammad Abdul"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513225", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488863, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic impact on gynaecological cancers: a perspective.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Uwins, C", "Bhandoria, G"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488863", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174068, "pmcid": "PMC7073318", "title": "Will the Third Wave of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Really Come in Korea?", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Yoo, Jin Hong"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174068", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237672, "title": "Universal Masking in Hospitals in the Covid-19 Era.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Klompas, Michael", "Morris, Charles A", "Sinclair, Julia", "Pearson, Madelyn", "Shenoy, Erica S"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237672", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493738, "title": "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Chahar, Praveen", "Marciniak, Donn"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493738", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is extremely transmissible. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is associated with multiple aerosol-generating procedures including chest compression, positive pressure ventilation, and airway manipulation. Healthcare providers who perform CPR are at high risk of contracting COVID-19. CPR in patients with suspected or proven COVID-19 must be performed without compromising the safety of healthcare providers. An overview of special considerations."}, {"pmid": 32425712, "pmcid": "PMC7190003", "title": "Evidence Supporting a Phased Immuno-physiological Approach to COVID-19 From Prevention Through Recovery.", "journal": "Integr Med (Encinitas)", "authors": ["Yanuck, S F", "Pizzorno, J", "Messier, H", "Fitzgerald, K N"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425712", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper presents an evidence-based strategy for improving clinical outcomes in COVID-19. Recommendations are based on the phases of the disease, because optimal interventions for one phase may not be appropriate for a different phase. The four phases addressed are: Prevention, Infection, Inflammation and Recovery. Underlying this phased approach is recognition of emerging evidence for two different components of pathophysiology, early infection and late stage severe complications. These two aspects of the disease suggest two different patterns of clinical emphasis that seem on the surface to be not entirely concordant. We describe the application of therapeutic strategies and appropriate tactics that address four main stages of disease progression for COVID-19. Emerging evidence in COVID-19 suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 virus may both evade the innate immune response and kill macrophages. Delayed innate immune response and a depleted population of macrophages can theoretically result in a blunted antigen presentation, delaying and diminishing activation of the adaptive immune response. Thus, one clinical strategy involves supporting patient innate and adaptive immune responses early in the time course of illness, with the goal of improving the timeliness, readiness, and robustness of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. At the other end of the disease pathology spectrum, risk of fatality in COVID-19 is driven by excessive and persistent upregulation of inflammatory mechanisms associated with cytokine storm. Thus, the second clinical strategy is to prevent or mitigate excessive inflammatory response to prevent the cytokine storm associated with high mortality risk. Clinical support for immune system pathogen clearance mechanisms involves obligate activation of immune response components that are inherently inflammatory. This puts the goals of the first clinical strategy (immune activation) potentially at odds with the goals of the second strategy(mitigation of proinflammatory effects). This creates a need for discernment about the time course of the illness and with that, understanding of which components of an overall strategy to apply at each phase of the time course of the illness. We review evidence from early observational studies and the existing literature on both outcomes and mechanisms of disease, to inform a phased approach to support the patient at risk for infection, with infection, with escalating inflammation during infection, and at risk of negative sequelae as they move into recovery."}, {"pmid": 32294453, "pmcid": "PMC7151442", "title": "Current Resources for Evidence-Based Practice, May 2020.", "journal": "J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs", "authors": ["Bovbjerg, Marit L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294453", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An extensive review of new resources to support the provision of evidence-based care for women and infants. The current column includes a discussion of a new National Academy of Medicine report on planned place of birth and implications during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and commentaries on reviews focused on anorectal sexually transmitted infections and feeding methods following cleft lip repair in infants."}, {"pmid": 32458197, "pmcid": "PMC7250266", "title": "Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a review of what we know so far.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Gklinos, Panagiotis"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458197", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic disease globally. While it mostly presents with respiratory symptoms, it has already been found that it could manifest with a series of neurological symptoms as well, either at presentation or during the course of the disease. Symptoms vary from non-specific such as headache or dizziness to more specific such as convulsions and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to give an overview of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and discuss the potential pathogenetic mechanisms of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Clinicians and especially internists, neurologists, and infectious disease specialists should be aware of these symptoms and able to recognize them early. Prompt diagnosis and immediate management of the neurological manifestations of the novel coronavirus will not only improve the prognosis of COVID-19 patients but will also prevent the dissemination of the disease due to misdiagnosed cases."}, {"pmid": 32408731, "title": "Covid-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients: endocrine and metabolic issues.", "journal": "Minerva Endocrinol", "authors": ["Sarno, Gerardo", "Montalti, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408731", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291463, "pmcid": "PMC7154064", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: different respiratory treatments for different phenotypes?", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Gattinoni, Luciano", "Chiumello, Davide", "Caironi, Pietro", "Busana, Mattia", "Romitti, Federica", "Brazzi, Luca", "Camporota, Luigi"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291463", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437338, "title": "High COVID-19 Attack Rate Among Attendees at Events at a Church - Arkansas, March 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["James, Allison", "Eagle, Lesli", "Phillips, Cassandra", "Hedges, D Stephen", "Bodenhamer, Cathie", "Brown, Robin", "Wheeler, J Gary", "Kirking, Hannah"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437338", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 16, 2020, the day that national social distancing guidelines were released (1), the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) was notified of two cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a rural county of approximately 25,000 persons; these cases were the first identified in this county. The two cases occurred in a husband and wife; the husband is the pastor at a local church (church A). The couple (the index cases) attended church-related events during March 6-8, and developed nonspecific respiratory symptoms and fever on March 10 (wife) and 11 (husband). Before his symptoms had developed, the husband attended a Bible study group on March 11. Including the index cases, 35 confirmed COVID-19 cases occurred among 92 (38%) persons who attended events held at church A during March 6-11; three patients died. The age-specific attack rates among persons aged \u226418 years, 19-64 years, and \u226565 years were 6.3%, 59.4%, and 50.0%, respectively. During contact tracing, at least 26 additional persons with confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified among community members who reported contact with church A attendees and likely were infected by them; one of the additional persons was hospitalized and subsequently died. This outbreak highlights the potential for widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, both at group gatherings during church events and within the broader community. These findings underscore the opportunity for faith-based organizations to prevent COVID-19 by following local authorities' guidance and the U.S. Government's Guidelines: Opening Up America Again (2) regarding modification of activities to prevent virus transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32404720, "title": "The \"Infodemic\" of Journal Publication Associated with the Novel Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Gazendam, Aaron", "Ekhtiari, Seper", "Wong, Erin", "Madden, Kim", "Naji, Leen", "Phillips, Mark", "Mundi, Raman", "Bhandari, Mohit"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404720", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490807, "title": "Clinical Progress Note: Point-of-Care Ultrasound Applications in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Mathews, Benji K", "Koenig, Seth", "Kurian, Linda", "Galen, Benjamin", "Mints, Gregory", "Liu, Gigi", "Soni, Nilam J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490807", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379169, "pmcid": "PMC7258766", "title": "COVID-19 and changing social norms.", "journal": "Nurs Manage", "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379169", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373989, "title": "Are Italy and Iran really suffering from COVID-19 epidemic? A controversial study.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Al-Najjar, H", "Al-Rousan, N"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373989", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of global COVID-19 infected cases is increased rapidly to exceed 370 thousand. COVID-19 is transmitted between humans through direct contact and touching dirty surfaces. This paper aims to find the similarity between DNA sequences of COVID-19 in different countries, and to compare these sequences with three different diseases [HIV, Hand-Foot-Mouth disease (HFMD), and Cryptococcus]. The study used pairwise distance, maximum likelihood tree, and similarity between amino acid to find the results. The results showed that different three main types of viruses namely, COVID-19 are found. The virus in both Italy and Iran is not similar to COVID-19 in China and USA. While, two viruses were spread in Wuhan (before and after December 26, 2019). Besides Cryptococcus and HFMD are found as dominant diseases with Group 1 and Group 3, respectively. Authors claim that the current virus in Italy and Iran that killed thousands of people is not COVID-19 based on the available data."}, {"pmid": 32238505, "title": "COVID-19 is catalyzing the adoption of teleneurology.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Klein, Brad C", "Busis, Neil A"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238505", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474555, "title": "Evaluation of RdRp & ORF-1b-nsp14-based real-time RT-PCR assays for confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection: An observational study.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Alagarasu, K", "Choudhary, M L", "Lole, K S", "Abraham, Priya", "Potdar, V"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474555", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396988, "pmcid": "PMC7273058", "title": "COVID-19, sweat, tears... and myopia?", "journal": "Clin Exp Optom", "authors": ["Navel, Valentin", "Beze, Steven", "Dutheil, Frederic"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396988", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497283, "title": "Influenza and COVID-19 Co-infection: Report of 6 cases and review of the Literature.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ozaras, Resat", "Cirpin, Rasim", "Duran, Arif", "Duman, Habibe", "Arslan, Ozgur", "Bakcan, Yasin", "Kaya, Metin", "Mutlu, Huseyin", "Isayeva, Leyla", "Kebanli, Fatih", "Deger, Bekir Ahmet", "Bekeshev, Eldar", "Kaya, Fatma", "Bilir, Suat"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497283", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic caused infection in a season when influenza is still prevalent. Both viruses have similar transmission characteristics and common clinical manifestations. Influenza has been described to cause respiratory infection with some other respiratory pathogens. However the information of COVID-19 and influenza co-infection is limited. In this study, we reported our co-infected cases and reviewed the literature. We included all COVID-19 diagnosed patients. All patients with a presumed diagnosis of COVID-19 were routinely screened for influenza. Their thorax radiology was reviewed for COVID-19 -influenza differentiation. During the study period, 1103 patients have been diagnosed COVID-19. Among them, 6 patients (0.54%) were diagnosed co-infected with influenza. There have been 28 more co-infected patients reported. Laboratory-based, screening studies reported more patients. Thorax radiology findings were compatible with COVID-19 in 5 and with influenza in 1 one of our patients. Our cases were mild-to-moderate in severity. The reported cases in the literature included patients died (n=2) and those living ventilator dependent or under mechanical ventilation. COVID-19 and influenza co-infection is rare. Screening studies report more cases, suggesting that unless screening COVID-19 patients, the co-infection remains undiagnosed and underestimated. Increasing experience in thoracic radiology may contribute to diagnose the responsible virus(es) from the clinical illness. Influenza vaccine for larger population groups can be recommended to simplify clinicians' work. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32531892, "title": "Changes in Dietary Behaviours during the COVID-19 Outbreak Confinement in the Spanish COVIDiet Study.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Perez, Celia", "Molina-Montes, Esther", "Verardo, Vito", "Artacho, Reyes", "Garcia-Villanova, Belen", "Guerra-Hernandez, Eduardo Jesus", "Ruiz-Lopez, Maria Dolores"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531892", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dietary behaviours of the Spanish adult population were changed during the COVID-19 outbreak confinement. For that purpose, an online questionnaire, based on 44 items including socio-demographic data, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) Adherence Screener (MEDAS) as a reference of a healthy diet, processed foods intake, changes in their usual food choices and weight gain was distributed using social media and snowball sampling. A total of 7514 participants (37% aged below 35 years, 70.6% female, 77.9% university-level education or higher) from all the Spanish territory completed the questionnaire. Results outlined healthier dietary behaviours during the confinement when compared to previous habits. Overall, the MEDAS score (ranging from 0 to 14, whereby higher a scoring reflects greater adherence to the MedDiet) increased significantly from 6.53 \u00b1 2 to 7.34 \u00b1 1.93 during the confinement. Multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, region and other variables, showed a statistically significant higher likelihood of changing the adherence to the MedDiet (towards an increase in adherence) in those persons who decreased the intake of fried foods, snacks, fast foods, red meat, pastries or sweet beverages, but increased MedDiet-related foods such as olive oil, vegetables, fruits or legumes during the confinement. COVID-19 confinement in Spain has led to the adoption of healthier dietary habits/behaviours in the studied population, as reflected by a higher adherence to the MedDiet. This improvement, if sustained in the long-term, could have a positive impact on the prevention of chronic diseases and COVID-19-related complications."}, {"pmid": 32287518, "pmcid": "PMC7139246", "title": "Rapid surveillance of COVID-19 in the United States using a prospective space-time scan statistic: Detecting and evaluating emerging clusters.", "journal": "Appl Geogr", "authors": ["Desjardins, M R", "Hohl, A", "Delmelle, E M"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287518", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is a pandemic with an estimated death rate between 1% and 5%; and an estimated \n                        \n                            \n                                R\n                                0\n                            \n                        \n                     between 2.2 and 6.7 according to various sources. As of March 28th, 2020, there were over 649,000 confirmed cases and 30,249 total deaths, globally. In the United States, there were over 115,500 cases and 1891 deaths and this number is likely to increase rapidly. It is critical to detect clusters of COVID-19 to better allocate resources and improve decision-making as the outbreaks continue to grow. Using daily case data at the county level provided by Johns Hopkins University, we conducted a prospective spatial-temporal analysis with SaTScan. We detect statistically significant space-time clusters of COVID-19 at the county level in the U.S. between January 22nd-March 9th, 2020, and January 22nd-March 27th, 2020. The space-time prospective scan statistic detected \"active\" and emerging clusters that are present at the end of our study periods - notably, 18 more clusters were detected when adding the updated case data. These timely results can inform public health officials and decision makers about where to improve the allocation of resources, testing sites; also, where to implement stricter quarantines and travel bans. As more data becomes available, the statistic can be rerun to support timely surveillance of COVID-19, demonstrated here. Our research is the first geographic study that utilizes space-time statistics to monitor COVID-19 in the U.S."}, {"pmid": 32358555, "title": "Screams on a Zoom call: the theory of homeworking with kids meets reality.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mahul-Mellier, Anne-Laure"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358555", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32170625, "pmcid": "PMC7089461", "title": "Co-infections of SARS-CoV-2 with multiple common respiratory pathogens in infected patients.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Lin, Dachuan", "Liu, Lei", "Zhang, Mingxia", "Hu, Yunlong", "Yang, Qianting", "Guo, Jiubiao", "Guo, Yongchao", "Dai, Youchao", "Xu, Yuzhong", "Cai, Yi", "Chen, Xinchun", "Zhang, Zheng", "Huang, Kaisong"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32170625", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531235, "pmcid": "PMC7282740", "title": "Role of the GTNGTKR motif in the N-terminal receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Behloul, Nouredine", "Baha, Sarra", "Shi, Ruihua", "Meng, Jihong"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531235", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that emerged in China has been declared as public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization and the causative pathogen was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this report, we analyzed the structural characteristics of the N-terminal domain of the S1 subunit (S1-NTD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in comparison to the SARS-CoV in particular, and to other viruses presenting similar characteristic in general. Given the severity and the wide and rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is very likely that the virus recognizes other receptors/co-receptors besides the ACE2. The NTD of the SARS-CoV-2 contains a receptor-binding motif different from that of SARS-CoV, with some insertions that could confer to the new coronavirus new receptor binding abilities. In particular, motifs similar to the insertion 72GTNGTKR78 have been found in structural proteins of other viruses; and these motifs were located in putative regions involved in recognizing protein and sugar receptors, suggesting therefore that similar binding abilities could be displayed by the SARS-CoV-2 S1-NTD. Moreover, concerning the origin of these NTD insertions, our findings point towards an evolutionary acquisition rather than the hypothesis of an engineered virus."}, {"pmid": 32469400, "title": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Alteration of the Brain in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Anosmia.", "journal": "JAMA Neurol", "authors": ["Politi, Letterio S", "Salsano, Ettore", "Grimaldi, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469400", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478936, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and Guillain-Barre syndrome: AIDP variant with favorable outcome.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Lascano, Agustina M", "Epiney, Jean-Benoit", "Coen, Matteo", "Serratrice, Jacques", "Bernard-Valnet, Raphael", "Lalive, Patrice H", "Kuntzer, Thierry", "Hubers, Annemarie"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478936", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The entire world has been experiencing the outbreak of a novel infectious agent known as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)1 . Life-threatening complications described in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients include acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney failure and cardiac injury2 . Nonetheless, only few neurological complications have been described so far3 ."}, {"pmid": 32331780, "pmcid": "PMC7165293", "title": "COVID-19-related cardiac involvement and potential implications for cardiothoracic imaging.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Wilson, M P", "Coulden, R A", "Low, G"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331780", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362504, "pmcid": "PMC7174151", "title": "[Real-life data and Covid-19: The third avenue of reseach].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Boyer, L", "Auquier, P", "Fond, G"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362504", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The analysis of real-life data from hospital information systems could make possible to decide on the efficacy and safety of Covid-19 treatments by avoiding the pitfalls of preliminary studies and randomized clinical trials. The different drugs tested in current clinical trials are already widely prescribed to patients by doctors in hospitals, and can therefore be immediately analysed according to validated methodological standards."}, {"pmid": 32232480, "pmcid": "PMC7108679", "title": "Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists.", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Kaiser, Ursula B", "Mirmira, Raghavendra G", "Stewart, Paul M"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232480", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383153, "pmcid": "PMC7267514", "title": "Modelling the impact of COVID-19 on intensive care services in New South Wales.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Fox, Gregory J", "Trauer, James M", "McBryde, Emma"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383153", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281653, "pmcid": "PMC7262350", "title": "Reply to: \"Reporting of all cardiac medications and their outcome in COVID-19\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cheng, Hao", "Wang, Yan", "Wang, Gui-Qiang"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281653", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404217, "title": "COVID-19 Psychological Impact in 3109 Healthcare workers in Spain: The PSIMCOV Group.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Romero, Carolina-S", "Catala, Juan", "Delgado, Carlos", "Ferrer, Carolina", "Errando, Carlos", "Iftimi, Adina", "Benito, Ana", "De Andres, Jose", "Otero, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404217", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530410, "title": "Ramadan and COVID-19: A Challenge amongst Challenges.", "journal": "Turk Thorac J", "authors": ["Asfahan, Shahir", "Chawla, Gopal", "Dutt, Naveen"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530410", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404789, "title": "Neonatal Early-Onset Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in a Newborn Presenting With Encephalitic Symptoms.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Lorenz, Norbert", "Treptow, Anna", "Schmidt, Stefan", "Hofmann, Rene", "Raumer-Engler, Mandy", "Heubner, Georg", "Grober, Konstantin"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404789", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336968, "pmcid": "PMC7177389", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak impact in Spain: A role for tobacco smoking?", "journal": "Tob Induc Dis", "authors": ["Vazquez, Javier C", "Redolar-Ripoll, Diego"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336968", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398504, "pmcid": "PMC7253041", "title": "Adapting to Uncertainty: Nursing Responsiveness to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Nurs", "authors": ["Wierenga, Kelly L", "Moore, Scott Emory"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398504", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383284, "pmcid": "PMC7267179", "title": "Spontaneous coronary artery dissection of the left anterior descending artery in a patient with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Kumar, Kris", "Vogt, Joshua C", "Divanji, Punag H", "Cigarroa, Joaquin E"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383284", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 48-year-old woman with a past medical history of migraines and hyperlipidemia presented due to severe retrosternal chest pain with no other associated signs or symptoms. The patient was hemodynamically stable and was found to have an elevated troponin with electrocardiogram showing no ischemic changes. Computed tomography of the coronary arteries showed a left dominant system with dissection extending from the mid-to-distal left anterior descending (LAD) artery. The patient was subsequently discharged on medical therapy but returned 3\u2009days later due to worsening chest pain. Electrocardiogram revealed inferior and anteroseptal ST segment changes with peak troponin of 14.9 ng/ml (reference range <0.80\u2009ng/ml). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) nasopharyngeal swab was performed prior to urgent coronary angiogram. Coronary angiogram was performed with full personal protective equipment for respiratory and droplet precautions due to pending COVID-19 testing results. Angiogram revealed spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) extending from the ostium of the LAD to the distal vessel. COVID-19 testing returned positive while in intensive care unit. The patient was not a percutaneous coronary intervention candidate due to the extent of the dissection and was not a surgical candidate due to a lack of graftable target and medical management was continued. To our knowledge, this case is the first in which SCAD has been reported in the LAD in a patient with COVID-19 with no other symptoms of respiratory illness or symptoms classically associated with the novel coronavirus. SCAD should be considered on the differential as one of the various cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32388330, "pmcid": "PMC7198998", "title": "Interactions between antihyperglycemic drugs and the renin-angiotensin system: Putative roles in COVID-19. A mini-review.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Nakhleh, Afif", "Shehadeh, Naim"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388330", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes mellitus is associated with a more severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor for host cell entry. We aimed to assess the interactions between antihyperglycemic drugs and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and their putative roles in COVID-19. A literature search was performed using Pubmed to review the interrelationships between hyperglycemia, RAS and COVID-19, and the effects of antihyperglycemic medications. The RAS has an essential role in glucose homeostasis and may have a role in COVID-19-induced lung injury. Some antihyperglycemic medications modulate RAS and might hypothetically alleviate the deleterious effect of angiotensin II on lung injury. Furthermore, most antihyperglycemic medications showed anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of lung injury. Some antihyperglycemic medications might have protective effects against COVID-19-induced lung injury. Early insulin therapy seems very promising in alleviating lung injury."}, {"pmid": 32499282, "title": "Early Guidelines in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499282", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384078, "pmcid": "PMC7239492", "title": "Clinical findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Jiangsu province, China: A retrospective, multi-center study.", "journal": "PLoS Negl Trop Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Rui", "Zhu, Li", "Xue, Leyang", "Liu, Longgen", "Yan, Xuebing", "Wang, Jian", "Zhang, Biao", "Xu, Tianmin", "Ji, Fang", "Zhao, Yun", "Cheng, Juan", "Wang, Yinling", "Shao, Huaping", "Hong, Shuqin", "Cao, Qi", "Li, Chunyang", "Zhao, Xiang-An", "Zou, Lei", "Sang, Dawen", "Zhao, Haiyan", "Guan, Xinying", "Chen, Xiaobing", "Shan, Chun", "Xia, Juan", "Chen, Yuxin", "Yan, Xiaomin", "Wei, Jie", "Zhu, Chuanwu", "Wu, Chao"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384078", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Limited data are available for clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outside Wuhan. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and identify the risk factors for severe illness of COVID-19 in Jiangsu province, China. Clinical data of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were retrospectively collected in 8 hospitals from 8 cities of Jiangsu province, China. Clinical findings of COVID-19 patients were described and risk factors for severe illness of COVID-19 were analyzed. By Feb 10, 2020, 202 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. The median age of patients was 44.0 years (interquartile range, 33.0-54.0). 55 (27.2%) patients had comorbidities. At the onset of illness, the common symptoms were fever (156 [77.2%]) and cough (120 [59.4%]). 66 (32.7%) patients had lymphopenia. 193 (95.5%) patients had abnormal radiological findings. 11 (5.4%) patients were admitted to the intensive care unit and none of the patients died. 23 (11.4%) patients had severe illness. Severe illness of COVID-19 was independently associated with body mass index (BMI) \u2265 28 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR], 9.219; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.731 to 31.126; P<0.001) and a known history of type 2 diabetes (OR, 4.326; 95% CI, 1.059 to 17.668; P = 0.041). In this case series in Jiangsu Province, COVID-19 patients had less severe symptoms and had better outcomes than the initial COVID-19 patients in Wuhan. The BMI \u2265 28 kg/m2 and a known history of type 2 diabetes were independent risk factors of severe illness in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32352954, "pmcid": "PMC7206987", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak Among Three Affiliated Homeless Service Sites - King County, Washington, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Tobolowsky, Farrell A", "Gonzales, Elysia", "Self, Julie L", "Rao, Carol Y", "Keating, Ryan", "Marx, Grace E", "McMichael, Temet M", "Lukoff, Margaret D", "Duchin, Jeffrey S", "Huster, Karin", "Rauch, Jody", "McLendon, Hedda", "Hanson, Matthew", "Nichols, Dave", "Pogosjans, Sargis", "Fagalde, Meaghan", "Lenahan, Jennifer", "Maier, Emily", "Whitney, Holly", "Sugg, Nancy", "Chu, Helen", "Rogers, Julia", "Mosites, Emily", "Kay, Meagan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352954", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 30, 2020, Public Health - Seattle and King County (PHSKC) was notified of a confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a resident of a homeless shelter and day center (shelter A). Residents from two other homeless shelters (B and C) used shelter A's day center services. Testing for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was offered to available residents and staff members at the three shelters during March 30-April 1, 2020. Among the 181 persons tested, 19 (10.5%) had positive test results (15 residents and four staff members). On April 1, PHSKC and CDC collaborated to conduct site assessments and symptom screening, isolate ill residents and staff members, reinforce infection prevention and control practices, provide face masks, and advise on sheltering-in-place. Repeat testing was offered April 7-8 to all residents and staff members who were not tested initially or who had negative test results. Among the 118 persons tested in the second round of testing, 18 (15.3%) had positive test results (16 residents and two staff members). In addition to the 31 residents and six staff members identified through testing at the shelters, two additional cases in residents were identified during separate symptom screening events, and four were identified after two residents and two staff members independently sought health care. In total, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 35 of 195 (18%) residents and eight of 38 (21%) staff members who received testing at the shelter or were evaluated elsewhere. COVID-19 can spread quickly in homeless shelters; rapid interventions including testing and isolation to identify cases and minimize transmission are necessary. CDC recommends that homeless service providers implement appropriate infection control practices, apply physical distancing measures including ensuring resident's heads are at least 6 feet (2 meters) apart while sleeping, and promote use of cloth face coverings among all residents (1)."}, {"pmid": 32330113, "pmcid": "PMC7215513", "title": "Comment on \"Digital Mental Health and COVID-19: Using Technology Today to Accelerate the Curve on Access and Quality Tomorrow\": A UK Perspective.", "journal": "JMIR Ment Health", "authors": ["Whelan, Pauline", "Stockton-Powdrell, Charlotte", "Jardine, Jenni", "Sainsbury, John"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330113", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292219, "pmcid": "PMC7147856", "title": "Coronavirus pandemic and tourism: Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling of infectious disease outbreak.", "journal": "Ann Tour Res", "authors": ["Yang, Yang", "Zhang, Hongru", "Chen, Xiang"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292219", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022We propose a DSGE model to examine the impact of the coronavirus outbreak on tourism.\u2022The model is generalizable to any epidemic.\u2022The model supports the policy of providing tourism consumption vouchers for residents."}, {"pmid": 32479411, "title": "Using Information Technology to Manage the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Technical Framework Based on Practical Experience in China.", "journal": "JMIR Med Inform", "authors": ["Ye, Qing", "Zhou, Jin", "Wu, Hong"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479411", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic poses an enormous challenge to the global health system, and governments have taken active preventive and control measures. The health informatics community in China has actively taken action to leverage health information technologies for epidemic monitoring, detection, early warning, prevention and control, and other tasks. The aim of this study was to develop a technical framework to respond to the COVID-19 epidemic from a health informatics perspective. In this study, we collected health information technology-related information to understand the actions taken by the health informatics community in China during the COVID-19 outbreak and developed a health information technology framework for epidemic response based on health information technology-related measures and methods. Based on the framework, we review specific health information technology practices for managing the outbreak in China, describe the highlights of their application in detail, and discuss critical issues to consider when using health information technology. Technologies employed include mobile and web-based services such as Internet hospitals and Wechat, big data analyses (including digital contact tracing through QR codes or epidemic prediction), cloud computing, Internet of things, Artificial Intelligence (including the use of drones, robots, and intelligent diagnoses), 5G telemedicine, and clinical information systems to facilitate clinical management for COVID-19. Practical experience in China shows that health information technologies play a pivotal role in responding to the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32297828, "title": "Correlation Between Relative Nasopharyngeal Virus RNA Load and Lymphocyte Count Disease Severity in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Viral Immunol", "authors": ["Liu, Yang", "Liao, Wenjian", "Wan, Lagen", "Xiang, Tianxing", "Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297828", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between dynamic changes in the nasopharyngeal viral load of patients infected with the new coronavirus causing pneumonia and lymphocyte count disease severity. Cases newly diagnosed with COVID-19 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2020 to February 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from throat swab sample \u0394CT values; lymphocyte and lymphocyte subset counts, coagulation system factor levels, myocardial injury indexes, and laboratory biochemical indicators were compared between the mild group and the severe group. The correlation between the relative load of nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RNA and severe disease symptoms was analyzed. Of the 76 patients, 49 were male and 27 were female. The lymphocyte, CD4+ T lymphocyte, and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts all differed significantly between the two groups (p\u2009<\u20090.001), as did differences in interleukin (IL)-2R, IL-6, and IL-8 levels (p\u2009=\u20090.022, 0.026, and 0.012, respectively). Moreover, there were significant differences in prothrombin time, D-dimer, and fibrinogen levels between the mild group and the severe group (p\u2009=\u20090.029, 0.006, and <0.001, respectively), and in lactate dehydrogenase and troponin (p\u2009<\u20090.001 and p\u2009=\u20090.007, respectively). SARS-CoV-2 RNA load and lymphocyte count, CD4+ T lymphocyte count, and CD8+ T lymphocyte count were linearly negatively correlated (p\u2009<\u20090.001). SARS-CoV-2 RNA load was positively correlated with IL-2R, prothrombin time, lactate dehydrogenase, and hypersensitive troponin T (p\u2009=\u20090.002, p\u2009=\u20090.009, and p\u2009<\u20090.001, respectively). In addition, the time that it took for the nucleic acid test to turn negative was significantly shorter for patients in the mild group than for those in the severe group (Z\u2009=\u2009-6.713, p\u2009<\u20090.001). In conclusion, relative SARS-CoV-2 RNA load in the nasopharynx is closely related to COVID-19 severity. If the relative RNA load was higher, the lymphocyte count was lower, organ damage was greater, and the time it took for the nucleic acid test to turn negative was longer."}, {"pmid": 32486364, "title": "Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology-Associated Innovations against Viral Infections with a Focus on Coronaviruses.", "journal": "Nanomaterials (Basel)", "authors": ["Nasrollahzadeh, Mahmoud", "Sajjadi, Mohaddeseh", "Soufi, Ghazaleh Jamalipour", "Iravani, Siavash", "Varma, Rajender S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486364", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral infections have recently emerged not only as a health threat to people but rapidly became the cause of universal fatality on a large scale. Nanomaterials comprising functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) and quantum dots and nanotechnology-associated innovative detection methods, vaccine design, and nanodrug production have shown immense promise for interfacing with pathogenic viruses and restricting their entrance into cells. These viruses have been scrutinized using rapid diagnostic detection and therapeutic interventional options against the caused infections including vaccine development for prevention and control. Coronaviruses, namely SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, have endangered human life, and the COVID-19 (caused by SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has become a perilous challenge to public health globally with huge accompanying morbidity rates. Thus, it is imperative to expedite the drug and vaccine development efforts that would help mitigate this pandemic. In this regard, smart and innovative nano-based technologies and approaches encompassing applications of green nanomedicine, bio-inspired methods, multifunctional bioengineered nanomaterials, and biomimetic drug delivery systems/carriers can help resolve the critical issues regarding detection, prevention, and treatment of viral infections. This perspective review expounds recent nanoscience advancements for the detection and treatment of viral infections with focus on coronaviruses and encompasses nano-based formulations and delivery platforms, nanovaccines, and promising methods for clinical diagnosis, especially regarding SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32376004, "pmcid": "PMC7196532", "title": "[Informations on psychotropics and their adaptations for patients suffering from mental disorders in France during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Javelot, H", "Llorca, P-M", "Drapier, D", "Fakra, E", "Hingray, C", "Meyer, G", "Dizet, S", "Egron, A", "Straczek, C", "Roser, M", "Masson, M", "Gaillard, R", "Fossati, P", "Haffen, E"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376004", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019-20\u00a0coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV-2; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has dramatic consequences on populations in terms of morbidity and mortality and in social terms, the general confinement of almost half of the world's population being a situation unprecedented in history, which is difficult today to measure the impact at the individual and collective levels. More specifically, it affects people with various risk factors, which are more frequent in patients suffering from psychiatric disorders. Psychiatrists need to know: (i) how to identify, the risks associated with the prescription of psychotropic drugs and which can prove to be counterproductive in their association with COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), (ii) how to assess in terms of benefit/risk ratio, the implication of any hasty and brutal modification on psychotropic drugs that can induce confusion for a differential diagnosis with the evolution of COVID-19. We carried out a review of the literature aimed at assessing the specific benefit/risk ratio of psychotropic treatments in patients suffering from COVID-19. Clinically, symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 (fever, cough, dyspnea, digestive signs) can be caused by various psychotropic drugs and require vigilance to avoid false negatives and false positives. In infected patients, psychotropic drugs should be used with caution, especially in the elderly, considering the pulmonary risk. Lithium and Clozapine, which are the reference drugs in bipolar disorder and resistant schizophrenia, warrant specific attention. For these two treatments the possibility of a reduction in the dosage -\u00a0in case of minimal infectious signs and in a situation, which does not allow rapid control\u00a0- should ideally be considered taking into account the clinical response (even biological; plasma concentrations) observed in the face of previous dose reductions. Tobacco is well identified for its effects as an inducer of CYP1A2\u00a0enzyme. In a COVID+ patient, the consequences of an abrupt cessation of smoking, particularly related with the appearance of respiratory symptoms (cough, dyspnea), must therefore be anticipated for patients receiving psychotropics metabolized by CYP1A2. Plasma concentrations of these drugs are expected to decrease and can be related to an increase risk of relapse. The symptomatic treatments used in COVID-19\u00a0have frequent interactions with the most used psychotropics. If there is no curative treatment for infection to SARS-CoV-2, the interactions of the various molecules currently tested with several classes of psychotropic drugs (antidepressants, antipsychotics) are important to consider because of the risk of changes in cardiac conduction. Specific knowledge on COVID-19\u00a0remains poor today, but we must recommend rigor in this context in the use of psychotropic drugs, to avoid adding, in patients suffering from psychiatric disorders, potentially vulnerable in the epidemic context, an iatrogenic risk or loss of efficiency."}, {"pmid": 32384398, "title": "COVID-19 in Neonates and Infants: Progression and Recovery.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Ng, Khuen Foong", "Bandi, Srini", "Bird, Paul William", "Wei-Tze Tang, Julian"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384398", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Between March 10, 2020 and April 17, 2020, of 8/70 (11.4%) SARS-CoV-2 positive infants that presented, 5/8 (63%) developed fever, 4/8 (50%) had lower respiratory tract involvement, 2/8 (25%) had neutropenia and thrombocytosis, and 4/8 infants (50%) were treated for suspected sepsis with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Only 1/8 (13%) required pediatric intensive care. All patients were eventually discharged home well."}, {"pmid": 32314704, "pmcid": "PMC7253113", "title": "Ivermectin and COVID-19: Keeping Rigor in Times of Urgency.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Chaccour, Carlos", "Hammann, Felix", "Ramon-Garcia, Santiago", "Rabinovich, N Regina"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314704", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395951, "title": "[Ethical principles compromised during the COVID-19 pandemic?]", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Bakker, Marleen", "van de Vathorst, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395951", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the late 1970s, the American bioethicists Tom Beauchamp and James Childress described the four ethical principles that should guide a physician's actions in individual patient care. These principles are: (a) respect for autonomy; (b) doing well (beneficence); (c) not harming (non-maleficence); and (d) justice. In many countries, the global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has led to overloaded healthcare systems due to large numbers of COVID-19 patients. In order to provide care to this high volume of patients, far-reaching measures are taken that affect everyone. These measures are not taken from an individual patient's perspective but in the interest of public health; nonetheless, they can directly affect the individual patient's interests. This article examines the extent to which Beauchamp and Childress' ethical principles may be compromised during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32398432, "pmcid": "PMC7219847", "title": "COVID Activated Emergency Scaling of Anesthesiology Responsibilities (CAESAR) ICU.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Verdiner, Ricardo E", "Choukalas, Christopher G", "Siddiqui, Shahla", "Stahl, David L", "Galvagno, Samuel M Jr", "Jabaley, Craig S", "Bartz, Raquel R", "Lane-Fall, Meghan", "Goff, Kristina", "Sreedharan, Roshni", "Bennett, Suzanne", "Williams, George W", "Khanna, Ashish"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the rapidly evolving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the potential need for physicians to provide critical care services, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) has collaborated with the Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists (SOCCA), the Society of Critical Care Medicine(SCCM), and the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation (APSF) to develop the COVID Activated Emergency Scaling of Anesthesiology Responsibilities (CAESAR) ICU workgroup. CAESAR ICU is designed and written for the practicing general anesthesiologist and should serve as a primer to enable an anesthesiologist to provide limited bedside critical care services."}, {"pmid": 32527348, "title": "[Effect of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin on patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: a systematic review].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Zhu, Tiantian", "Xu, Aihui", "Bai, Xiaojie", "He, Yuanyuan", "Zhang, Hong"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527348", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To systematically review evidence for the effect of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin on treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and further provide advice on the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clinical studies of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin in the treatment of SARS were collected from a variety of databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and CBM from November 2002 to March 2020. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias based on the national institute for health and clinical excellence case series quality scale, and systematically evaluated the results. A total of 10 clinical studies, including 212 patients, were eventually included. There were 4 case series studies, 5 case reports and 1 case-control study. Most studies were with low or very low quality. The systematic analysis showed that 107 patients administered convalescent plasma and 16 patients used immunoglobulin during the treatment of SARS. Forty-nine patients were definitely not treated with the above two methods, and the remaining 40 patients were not reported clearly. The treatment of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin could both improve the symptoms and reduce the mortality (12 died), and most SARS patients got better, while 11 SARS patients who did not receive the above therapies died. Convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin were effective on relieving symptoms of SARS patients. However, due to low quality and lacking of control group, convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin should be used with caution to treat COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32513285, "title": "Critical care physicians treating COVID-19: mind the nervous system!", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Bosel, Julian"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513285", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514689, "title": "The potential of drug repositioning as a short-term strategy for the control and treatment of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): a systematic review.", "journal": "Arch Virol", "authors": ["Lima, William Gustavo", "Brito, Julio Cesar Moreira", "Overhage, Joerg", "Nizer, Waleska Stephanie da Cruz"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514689", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel human\u00a0coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, has quickly become a threat to the public health and economy worldwide. Despite the severity of some cases, there are no current pathogen-specific antivirals available to treat the disease. Therefore, many studies have focused on the evaluation of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of clinically available drugs. Here, we conducted a systematic review to describe the drug repositioning strategy against SARS-CoV-2 and to discuss the clinical impact of this approach in the current pandemic context. The systematic review was performed on March 23, 2020, using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Biblioteca Virtual de Sa\u00fade (BVS). The data were summarized in tables and critically analyzed. After the database search, 12 relevant studies were identified as eligible for the review. Among the drugs reported in these studies, 57 showed some evidence of antiviral activity. Antivirals, especially antiretrovirals, are the main class of therapeutic agents evaluated against COVID-19. Moreover, studies have reported the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of antitumor (16%; 9/57), antimalarial (7%, 4/57), and antibacterial (5%; 3/57) agents. Additionally, seven pharmacological agents (chloroquine, tetrandrine, umifenovir (arbidol), carrimycin, damageprevir, lopinavir/ritonavir) are in phase IV of clinical trials. Due to the evidence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of various clinically available agents, drug repositioning stands out as a promising strategy for a short-term response in the fight against the novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32461409, "title": "Sanitizer aerosol-driven ocular surface disease (SADOSD)-A COVID-19 repercussion?", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Shetty, Rohit", "Jayadev, Chaitra", "Chabra, Aishwarya", "Maheshwari, Sonia", "D'Souza, Sharon", "Khamar, Pooja", "Sethu, Swaminathan", "Honavar, Santosh G"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461409", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an advisory for regular and thorough cleaning of hands besides other measures such as social distancing and self-isolation. The rationale for the same is to prevent the transfer of the virus from hands that have come in contact with fomites. While both alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHR) or washing with soap and water are claimed to have been effective, hand sanitizers have gained more popularity due to the ease of use. The increased frequency of ABHR use and the aerosols generated pose a potential threat to the skin and exposed mucosal surfaces, especially that of the eye due to the proximity of use. The adverse effects of alcohol in these sanitizers can be manifold. An allergic or inflammatory response can occur depending on the predisposing or preexisting conditions. This article describes the risks, underlying mechanisms, and preventive measures for sanitizer aerosol-driven ocular surface disease."}, {"pmid": 32438898, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 15 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 10 May 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438898", "countries": ["Brazil", "Australia", "India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 10 May 2020: notifications = 6,971; deaths = 98. The incidence of new cases of COVID-19 has reduced dramatically since a peak in mid-March. The reduction in international travel, social distancing measures and public health action have likely been effective in slowing the spread of the disease, in the Australian community. Cases of COVID-19 continue to be notified by jurisdictions, albeit at a slowed rate. Testing rates over the past week have increased markedly, with a very low proportion of people testing positive. These low rates of detection are indicative of low levels of COVID-19 transmission. It is important that testing rates and community adherence to public health measures remain high to support the continued suppression of the virus, particularly in vulnerable high-risk groups and settings. In the past reporting week new cases in Australia are mostly considered to be locally acquired, consistent with the drop in international travel. Most locally-acquired cases can be linked back to a known case or cluster. Although the proportion of locally-acquired cases has increased, the overall rate of cases, regardless of place of acquisition, continues to decrease. The crude case fatality rate in Australia remains low (1.4%), compared with the WHO reported global rate (6.9%). The low case fatality rate is likely reflective of high case detection and high quality of health care services in Australia. Deaths from COVID-19 in Australia have occurred predominantly among the elderly and those with comorbidities, with no deaths occurring in those under 40 years. The highest rate of COVID-19 continues to be among people aged 60-79 years, with a third of these cases associated with several outbreaks linked to cruise ships. The lowest rate of disease is in young children, a pattern reflected in international reports. Internationally, cases continue to increase, with some areas such as Brazil and India showing a dramatic rise in reported cases. Although some low-income countries have currently reported few cases, it is possible that this is due to limited diagnostic and public health capacity, and may not be reflective of disease occurrence."}, {"pmid": 32485313, "title": "MDA5 should be detected in severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Xu, Qiang"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485313", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440666, "pmcid": "PMC7212068", "title": "Lobar Distribution of COVID-19 Pneumonia Based on Chest Computed Tomography Findings; A Retrospective Study.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Haseli, Sara", "Khalili, Nastaran", "Bakhshayeshkaram, Mehrdad", "Sanei Taheri, Morteza", "Moharramzad, Yashar"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440666", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Computed tomography (CT) imaging has quickly found its place as a beneficial tool in the detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To date, only a few studies have reported the distribution of lung lesions by segment. This study aimed to evaluate the lobar and segmental distribution of COVID-19 pneumonia based on patients' chest CT scan. This was a retrospective study performed on 63 Iranian adult patients with a final diagnosis of COVID-19. All patients had undergone chest CT scan on admission. Demographic data and imaging profile, including segmental distribution, were evaluated. Moreover, a scoring scale was designed to assess the severity of ground-glass opacification (GGO). The relationship of GGO score with age, sex, and symptoms at presentation was investigated. Among included patients, mean age of patients was 54.2 \u00b114.9 (range: 26 - 81) years old and 60.3% were male. Overall, the right lower lobe (87.3%) and the left lower lobe (85.7%) were more frequently involved. Specifically, predominant involvement was seen in the posterior segment of the left lower lobe (82.5%). The most common findings were peripheral GGO and consolidation, which were observed in 92.1% and 42.9% of patients, respectively. According to the self-designed GGO scoring scale, about half of the patients presented with mild GGO on admission. GGO score was found to be equally distributed among different sex and age categories; however, the presence of dyspnea on admission was significantly associated with a higher GGO score (p= 0.022). Cavitation, reticulation, calcification, bronchiectasis, tree-in-bud appearance and nodules were not identified in any of the cases. COVID-19 mainly affects the lower lobes of the lungs. GGO and consolidation in the lung periphery is the imaging hallmark in patients with COVID-19 infection. Absence of bronchiectasis, solitary nodules, cavitation, calcifications, tree-in-bud appearance, and reversed halo-sign indicates that these features are not common findings, at least in the earlier stages."}, {"pmid": 32469614, "title": "A Case Series of Five People Living with HIV Hospitalized with COVID-19 in Chicago, Illinois.", "journal": "AIDS Patient Care STDS", "authors": ["Ridgway, Jessica P", "Farley, Brianna", "Benoit, Jean-Luc", "Frohne, Christopher", "Hazra, Aniruddha", "Pettit, Natasha", "Pho, Mai", "Pursell, Kenneth", "Saltzman, Jina", "Schmitt, Jessica", "Uvin, Arno Ziggy", "Pitrak, David", "McNulty, Moira"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469614", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The risk of COVID-19 among people living with HIV (PLWH) is largely unknown and there have been very few reported cases in the literature. We report a case series of five PLWH with COVID-19. We identified all patients with a diagnosis of HIV who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at University of Chicago Medicine between March 1, 2020, and April 7, 2020. We retrospectively collected data regarding demographics, comorbidities, medications, laboratory test results, radiology results, and outcomes associated with COVID-19. All five PLWH with COVID-19 were African American; 80% (4/5) were cisgender females. The mean age of patients was 48 years old (range 38-53). The majority of patients presented with cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Three patients had diarrhea. One patient presented with predominantly cardiac symptoms. All were taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) with CD4 count >200 cells/mm3 and suppressed HIV viral loads at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. All five patients were hospitalized, two required supplemental oxygen, and none required mechanical ventilation. Four patients were treated with azithromycin and a cephalosporin and two were also treated with hydroxychloroquine. The median length of stay was 3 days (range 2-7). All patients recovered. More research is needed to understand the risks of COVID-19 among PLWH and the impact of ART on outcomes for patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32331845, "pmcid": "PMC7165101", "title": "Anticipating and Mitigating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Brown, Eric E", "Kumar, Sanjeev", "Rajji, Tarek K", "Pollock, Bruce G", "Mulsant, Benoit H"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331845", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is causing global morbidity and mortality, straining health systems, and disrupting society, putting individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) at risk of significant harm. In this Special Article, we examine the current and expected impact of the pandemic on individuals with ADRD. We discuss and propose mitigation strategies for: the risk of COVID-19 infection and its associated morbidity and mortality for individuals with ADRD; the impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis and clinical management of ADRD; consequences of societal responses to COVID-19 in different ADRD care settings; the effect of COVID-19 on caregivers and physicians of individuals with ADRD; mental hygiene, trauma, and stigma in the time of COVID-19; and the potential impact of COVID-19 on ADRD research. Amid considerable uncertainty, we may be able to prevent or reduce the harm of the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences for individuals with ADRD and their caregivers."}, {"pmid": 32508041, "title": "Significance of clinical phenomes of patients with COVID-19 infection: A learning from 3795 patients in 80 reports.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Linlin", "Wang, Diane C", "Huang, Qihong", "Wang, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508041", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused outbreaks in multiple countries and the number of cases is rapidly increasing through human-to-human transmission. Clinical phenomes of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are critical in distinguishing it from other respiratory infections. The extent and characteristics of those phenomes varied depending on the severities of the infection, for example, beginning with fever or a mild cough, progressed with signs of pneumonia, and worsened with severe or even fatal respiratory difficulty in acute respiratory distress syndrome. We summarized clinical phenomes of 3795 patients with COVID-19 based on 80 published reports from the onset of outbreak to March 2020 to emphasize the importance and specificity of those phenomes in diagnosis and treatment of infection, and evaluate the impact on medical services. The data show that the incidence of male patients was higher than that of females and the level of C-reaction protein was increased as well as most patients' imaging included ground-glass opacity. Clinical phenomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with those of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections. There is an urgent need to develop an artificial intelligence-based machine learning capacity to analyze and integrate radiomics- or imaging-based, patient-based, clinician-based, and molecular measurements-based data to fight the outbreak of COVID-19 and enable more efficient responses to unknown infections in future."}, {"pmid": 32401986, "pmcid": "PMC7206941", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Bras Ter Intensiva", "authors": ["Moock, Marcelo", "Mello, Patricia Machado Veiga de Carvalho"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401986", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469627, "title": "Adaptation and evaluation of Turkish version of the fear of COVID-19 Scale.", "journal": "Death Stud", "authors": ["Haktanir, Abdulkadir", "Seki, Tolga", "Dilmac, Bulent"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469627", "countries": ["Turkey"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We investigated the psychometric properties of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale in Turkish among a diverse group with a focus on the prevalence of coronavirus related fear across gender, age intervals, SES, chronic illness situation, and educational level. Based on a confirmatory factor analysis, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale had appropriate psychometric properties for utilization, including excellent goodness-of-fit indices, a Cronbach's alpha value of .86, and discriminant validity, as shown by a significant negative correlation with resilience. Furthermore, group comparison analyses revealed that women reported significantly higher fear of coronavirus. Additionally, individuals from middle SES reported significantly higher fear of coronavirus while the fear of coronavirus did not differ based on participants' educational level, socioeconomic status, and age level. Implications for mental health providers are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32472974, "title": "COVID-19's Impact on Private Practice and Academic Dentistry in North America.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Wu, Kevin Y", "Wu, David T", "Nguyen, Thomas T", "Tran, Simon D"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472974", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health crisis worldwide. Dental professionals are at high risk of contracting COVID-19 due to occupational hazard associated with aerosol generating dental procedures (Ge et al., 2020). In this commentary, we share the perspectives of dentists practicing in private practice and clinician-researchers in academic dental institutions. More specifically, we discuss about measures implemented to minimize risks of disease transmission, challenges in emergency dental care, impact on patients, and on private practice and academic dental team."}, {"pmid": 32501805, "title": "COVID-19: Closing the Psychological Treatment Gap during the Pandemic, a Protocol for Implementation and Evaluation of Text4Hope (a Supportive Text Message Program).", "journal": "JMIR Res Protoc", "authors": ["Agyapong, Vincent Israel Opoku", "Hrabok, Marianne", "Vuong, Wesley", "Gusnowski, April", "Shalaby, Reham", "Mrklas, Kelly", "Li, Daniel", "Urichuck, Liana", "Snaterse, Mark", "Surood, Shireen", "Cao, Bo", "Li, Xin-Min", "Greiner, Russ", "Greenshaw, Andrew James"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501805", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally with far-reaching, significant and unprecedented impacts on health and way of life. Threats to mental health, psychological safety and well being are now emerging, increasing the impact of this virus on world health. Providing support for these challenges is difficult because of very high numbers of people requiring support in the context of a need to maintain physical distancing. This protocol describes use of text messaging (Text4Hope) as a convenient, cost-effective, and accessible population-level mental health intervention. This program is evidence-based, with prior research supporting good outcomes and high user satisfaction. The project goal is to implement a program of daily supportive text messaging (Text4Hope) to reduce distress related to the COVID-19 crisis initially amongst Canadians. Prevalence of stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, demographic correlates of the same, and the outcomes of the Text4Hope intervention in mitigating distress will be evaluated. Self-administered, anonymous, online questionnaires will be used to assess stress (Perceived Stress Scale), anxiety (GAD-7), and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9). Data will be collected at baseline (onset of text messaging), at program midpoint (6-weeks), and end (12-weeks). Data analysis will include parametric and non-parametric techniques, focusing on primary outcomes (i.e., stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms) and metrics of use, including number of subscribers and user satisfaction. Given the large size of the data set, machine learning and data-mining methods will also be used. This COVID-19 project will provide key information regarding prevalence rates of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms during the pandemic, demographic correlates of distress, and outcome data related to this scalable population-level intervention. Information from this study will be valuable for practitioners, as useful for informing policy and decision-making regarding psychological interventions during the pandemic. "}, {"pmid": 32411358, "pmcid": "PMC7195895.2", "title": "A review of open source ventilators for COVID-19 and future pandemics.", "journal": "F1000Res", "authors": ["Pearce, Joshua M"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411358", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) threatens to overwhelm our medical infrastructure at the regional level causing spikes in mortality rates because of shortages of critical equipment, like ventilators. Fortunately, with the recent development and widespread deployment of small-scale manufacturing technologies like RepRap-class 3-D printers and open source microcontrollers, mass distributed manufacturing of ventilators has the potential to overcome medical supply shortages. In this study, after providing a background on ventilators, the academic literature is reviewed to find the existing and already openly-published, vetted designs for ventilators systems. These articles are analyzed to determine if the designs are open source both in spirit (license) as well as practical details (e.g. possessing accessible design source files, bill of materials, assembly instructions, wiring diagrams, firmware and software as well as operation and calibration instructions). Next, the existing Internet and gray literature are reviewed for open source ventilator projects and designs. The results of this review found that the tested and peer-reviewed systems lacked complete documentation and the open systems that were documented were either at the very early stages of design (sometimes without even a prototype) and were essentially only basically tested (if at all). With the considerably larger motivation of an ongoing pandemic, it is assumed these projects will garner greater attention and resources to make significant progress to reach a functional and easily-replicated system. There is a large amount of future work needed to move open source ventilators up to the level considered scientific-grade equipment, and even further work needed to reach medical-grade hardware. Future work is needed to achieve the potential of this approach by developing policies, updating regulations, and securing funding mechanisms for the development and testing of open source ventilators for both the current COVID19 pandemic as well as for future pandemics and for everyday use in low-resource settings."}, {"pmid": 32385629, "pmcid": "PMC7210096", "title": "From the quarantine diary of an emergency physician: the coronavirus and the dysautonomic storm.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Vanni, Simone", "Nazerian, Peiman", "Bini, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385629", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297988, "pmcid": "PMC7262144", "title": "Virological and clinical cure in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sarma, Phulen", "Kaur, Hardeep", "Kumar, Harish", "Mahendru, Dhruv", "Avti, Pramod", "Bhattacharyya, Anusuya", "Prajapat, Manisha", "Shekhar, Nishant", "Kumar, Subodh", "Singh, Rahul", "Singh, Ashutosh", "Dhibar, Deba Prasad", "Prakash, Ajay", "Medhi, Bikash"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297988", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the demonstration of the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in vitro, many trials started to evaluate its efficacy in clinical settings. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis have addressed the issue of the safety and efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in coronavirus disease 2019. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with the objectives of evaluation of safety and efficacy of HCQ alone or in combination in terms of \"time to clinical cure,\" \"virological cure,\" \"death or clinical worsening of disease,\" \"radiological progression,\" and safety. RevMan was used for meta-analysis. We searched 16 literature databases out of which seven studies (n\u2009=\u20091358) were included in the systematic review. In terms of clinical cure, two studies reported possible benefit in \"time to body temperature normalization\" and one study reported less \"cough days\" in the HCQ arm. Treatment with HCQ resulted in less number of cases showing the radiological progression of lung disease (odds ratio [OR], 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11-0.9). No difference was observed in virological cure (OR, 2.37, 95% CI, 0.13-44.53), death or clinical worsening of disease (OR, 1.37, 95% CI, 1.37-21.97), and safety (OR, 2.19, 95% CI, 0.59-8.18), when compared with the control/conventional treatment. Five studies reported either the safety or efficacy of HCQ\u2009+\u2009azithromycin. Although seems safe and effective, more data are required for a definitive conclusion. HCQ seems to be promising in terms of less number of cases with radiological progression with a comparable safety profile to control/conventional treatment. We need more data to come to a definite conclusion."}, {"pmid": 32302990, "pmcid": "PMC7164320", "title": "Editorial. Impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgery resident training and education.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Bambakidis, Nicholas C", "Tomei, Krystal L"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302990", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429032, "title": "Optimizing Anti-Viral Vaccine Responses: Input from a Non-Specialist.", "journal": "Antibiotics (Basel)", "authors": ["Serwer, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429032", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the research community has had a real-world look at reasons for improving vaccine responses to emerging RNA viruses. Here, a vaccine non-specialist suggests how this might be done. I propose two alternative options and compare the primary alternative option with current practice. The basis of comparison is feasibility in achieving what we need: a safe, mass-produced, emerging virus-targeted vaccine on 2-4 week notice. The primary option is the following. (1) Start with a platform based on live viruses that infect bacteria, but not humans (bacteriophages, or phages). (2) Isolate phages (to be called pathogen homologs) that resemble and provide antigenic context for membrane-covered, pathogenic RNA viruses; coronavirus-phage homologs will probably be found if the search is correctly done. (3) Upon isolating a viral pathogen, evolve its phage homolog to bind antibodies neutralizing for the viral pathogen. Vaccinate with the evolved phage homolog by generating a local, non-hazardous infection with the phage host and then curing the infection by propagating the phage in the artificially infecting bacterial host. I discuss how this alternative option has the potential to provide what is needed after appropriate platforms are built."}, {"pmid": 32192541, "pmcid": "PMC7137533", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Iran: Actions and problems.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Abdi, Milad"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192541", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292691, "pmcid": "PMC7139267", "title": "Determining the spatial effects of COVID-19 using the spatial panel data model.", "journal": "Spat Stat", "authors": ["Guliyev, Hasraddin"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292691", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study investigates the propagation power and effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in light of published data. We examine the factors affecting COVID-19 together with the spatial effects, and use spatial panel data models to determine the relationship among the variables including their spatial effects. Using spatial panel models, we analyse the relationship between confirmed cases of COVID-19, deaths thereof, and recovered cases due to treatment. We accordingly determine and include the spatial effects in this examination after establishing the appropriate model for COVID-19. The most efficient and consistent model is interpreted with direct and indirect spatial effects."}, {"pmid": 32458383, "pmcid": "PMC7250245", "title": "On barring the vascular gateway against severe COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "Cell Stress Chaperones", "authors": ["Perdrizet, George", "Hightower, Lawrence E"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458383", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223707, "title": "We're in this together: helping veterinarians navigate COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Vet Med Assoc", "authors": ["Howe, John A"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223707", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224612, "pmcid": "PMC7179543", "title": "A Study of Basic Needs and Psychological Wellbeing of Medical Workers in the Fever Clinic of a Tertiary General Hospital in Beijing during the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Psychother Psychosom", "authors": ["Cao, Jinya", "Wei, Jing", "Zhu, Huadong", "Duan, Yanping", "Geng, Wenqi", "Hong, Xia", "Jiang, Jing", "Zhao, Xiaohui", "Zhu, Boheng"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224612", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302935, "pmcid": "PMC7151415", "title": "COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Rajkumar, Ravi Philip"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302935", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a major health crisis affecting several nations, with over 720,000 cases and 33,000 confirmed deaths reported to date. Such widespread outbreaks are associated with adverse mental health consequences. Keeping this in mind, existing literature on the COVID-19 outbreak pertinent to mental health was retrieved via a literature search of the PubMed database. Published articles were classified according to their overall themes and summarized. Preliminary evidence suggests that symptoms of anxiety and depression (16-28%) and self-reported stress (8%) are common psychological reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic, and may be associated with disturbed sleep. A number of individual and structural variables moderate this risk. In planning services for such populations, both the needs of the concerned people and the necessary preventive guidelines must be taken into account. The available literature has emerged from only a few of the affected countries, and may not reflect the experience of persons living in other parts of the world. In conclusion, subsyndromal mental health problems are a common response to the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need for more representative research from other affected countries, particularly in vulnerable populations."}, {"pmid": 32339236, "pmcid": "PMC7197566", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: It is time to temporarily close places of worship and to suspend religious gatherings.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Yezli, Saber", "Khan, Anas"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339236", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364961, "pmcid": "PMC7194970", "title": "Severe respiratory SARS-CoV2 infection: Does ACE2 receptor matter?", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Perrotta, Fabio", "Matera, Maria Gabriella", "Cazzola, Mario", "Bianco, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364961", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus of the Coronaviridiae family that represents a major global health issue. Mechanisms implicated in virus/host cells interaction are central for cell infection and replication that in turn lead to disease onset and local damage. To enter airway and lung epithelia, SARS-CoV-2 attaches to ACE2 receptors by spike (S) glycoproteins. Molecular mechanisms that promote interaction between SARS-CoV-2 virus and host with particular focus on virus cell entry receptor ACE2 are described. We further explore the impact of underlying medical conditions and therapies including renin-angiotensin inhibitors on modulating ACE 2, which is the major SARS-CoV-2\u00a0cell entry receptor."}, {"pmid": 32278371, "pmcid": "PMC7146687", "title": "Centring sexual and reproductive health and justice in the global COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Hall, Kelli Stidham", "Samari, Goleen", "Garbers, Samantha", "Casey, Sara E", "Diallo, Dazon Dixon", "Orcutt, Miriam", "Moresky, Rachel T", "Martinez, Micaela Elvira", "McGovern, Terry"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278371", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527856, "title": "Identifying airborne transmission as the dominant route for the spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Zhang, Renyi", "Li, Yixin", "Zhang, Annie L", "Wang, Yuan", "Molina, Mario J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527856", "countries": ["United States", "Italy", "China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Various mitigation measures have been implemented to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including widely adopted social distancing and mandated face covering. However, assessing the effectiveness of those intervention practices hinges on the understanding of virus transmission, which remains uncertain. Here we show that airborne transmission is highly virulent and represents the dominant route to spread the disease. By analyzing the trend and mitigation measures in Wuhan, China, Italy, and New York City, from January 23 to May 9, 2020, we illustrate that the impacts of mitigation measures are discernable from the trends of the pandemic. Our analysis reveals that the difference with and without mandated face covering represents the determinant in shaping the pandemic trends in the three epicenters. This protective measure alone significantly reduced the number of infections, that is, by over 78,000 in Italy from April 6 to May 9 and over 66,000 in New York City from April 17 to May 9. Other mitigation measures, such as social distancing implemented in the United States, are insufficient by themselves in protecting the public. We conclude that wearing of face masks in public corresponds to the most effective means to prevent interhuman transmission, and this inexpensive practice, in conjunction with simultaneous social distancing, quarantine, and contact tracing, represents the most likely fighting opportunity to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. Our work also highlights the fact that sound science is essential in decision-making for the current and future public health pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32459409, "pmcid": "PMC7197336", "title": "Telehealth Utilization in Response to the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Orthopaedic Surgery.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["Parisien, Robert L", "Shin, Max", "Constant, Michael", "Saltzman, Bryan M", "Li, Xinning", "Levine, William N", "Trofa, David P"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459409", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this investigation is to assess the current utilization of telehealth capabilities at academic orthopaedic departments in the United States and to determine how practice patterns have been directly influenced by the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Orthopaedic surgery programs participating in the Electronic Residency Application Service were identified. One hundred seventy-five (175) programs were presented with a seven-item questionnaire addressing whether each program is using telehealth services in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 175 Electronic Residency Application Service participant orthopaedic programs, 168 responded for a total response rate of 96%. Of the 106 institutions using telehealth services, 88 (83%) cited the COVID-19 pandemic as the impetus for implementation of telehealth services. Institutions located in the Northeast and South regions were markedly more likely to offer telehealth services. Heat map analysis demonstrates an associative overlap of regional \"hot spots\" with direct comparison of COVID-19 cases in the United States and orthopaedic departments providing telehealth services. This study demonstrates the impressive measures academic orthopaedic institutions are taking to meet the needs of our patients by identifying a notable increase in new telehealth offerings throughout the United States with a positive correlation with COVID-19 disease burden."}, {"pmid": 32413300, "pmcid": "PMC7190493", "title": "SnapShot: COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Oberfeld, Blake", "Achanta, Aditya", "Carpenter, Kendall", "Chen, Pamela", "Gilette, Nicole M", "Langat, Pinky", "Said, Jordan Taylor", "Schiff, Abigail E", "Zhou, Allen S", "Barczak, Amy K", "Pillai, Shiv"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413300", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. Viral entry is mediated through viral spike protein and host ACE2 enzyme interaction. Most cases are mild; severe disease often involves cytokine storm and organ failure. Therapeutics including antivirals, immunomodulators, and vaccines are in development. To view this SnapShot, open or download the PDF."}, {"pmid": 32454138, "pmcid": "PMC7245300", "title": "Lifestyle risk factors, inflammatory mechanisms, and COVID-19 hospitalization: A community-based cohort study of 387,109 adults in UK.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Hamer, Mark", "Kivimaki, Mika", "Gale, Catharine R", "David Batty, G"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454138", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We conducted the first large-scale general population study on lifestyle risk factors (smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, and excessive alcohol intake) for COVID-19 using prospective cohort data with national registry linkage to hospitalisation. Participants were 387,109 men and women (56.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.8\u00a0yr; 55.1% women) residing in England from UK Biobank study. Physical activity, smoking, and alcohol intake, were assessed by questionnaire at baseline (2006-2010). Body mass index, from measured height and weight, was used as an indicator of overall obesity. Outcome was cases of COVID-19 serious enough to warrant a hospital admission from 16-March-2020 to 26-April-2020. There were 760 COVID-19 cases. After adjustment for age, sex and mutually for each lifestyle factor, physical inactivity (Relative risk, 1.32, 95% confidence interval, 1.10, 1.58), smoking (1.42;1.12, 1.79) and obesity (2.05 ;1.68, 2.49) but not heavy alcohol consumption (1.12; 0.93, 1.35) were all related to COVID-19. We also found a dose-dependent increase in risk of COVID-19 with less favourable lifestyle scores, such that participants in the most adverse category had 4-fold higher risk (4.41; 2.52-7.71) compared to people with the most optimal lifestyle. C-reactive protein levels were associated with elevated risk of COVID-19 in a dose-dependent manner, and partly (10-16%) explained associations between adverse lifestyle and COVID-19. Based on UK risk factor prevalence estimates, unhealthy behaviours in combination accounted for up to 51% of the population attributable fraction of severe COVID-19. Our findings suggest that an unhealthy lifestyle synonymous with an elevated risk of non-communicable disease is also a risk factor for COVID-19 hospital admission, which might be partly explained by low grade inflammation. Adopting simple lifestyle changes could lower the risk of severe infection."}, {"pmid": 32476472, "title": "COVID-19: ACE2centric infective disease?", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["Verdecchia, Paolo", "Cavallini, Claudio", "Spanevello, Antonio", "Angeli, Fabio"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476472", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diffuse pulmonary inflammation, endothelial inflammation and enhanced thrombosis are cardinal features of COVID-19, the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). These features are reminiscent of several adverse reactions triggered by angiotensin II, and opposed by angiotensin1-7, in many experimental models. SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 receptors and entries into the cell through the fusion of its membrane with that of the cell. Hence, it down-regulates these receptors. The loss of ACE2 receptor activity from the external site of the membrane will lead to less angiotensin II inactivation and less generation of antiotensin1-7. In various experimental models of lung injury, the imbalance between angiotensin II over-activity and of antiotensin1-7 deficiency triggered inflammation, thrombosis and other adverse reactions. In COVID-19, such imbalance could play an important role in influencing the clinical picture and outcome of the disease. According to this line of thinking, some therapeutic approaches including recombinant ACE2, exogenous angiotensin1-7 and angiotensin receptor blockers appear particularly promising and are being actively tested."}, {"pmid": 32475011, "title": "Correspondence-Technical Note: Safe Nasoendoscopy Assisted Procedure in the Post COVID-19 Pandemic Era.", "journal": "Clin Otolaryngol", "authors": ["George, Ajith", "Prince, Mark", "Coulson, Chris"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475011", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For centuries it has been humankind's instinct to cover the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. Common sense would dictate this instinctively reduces the dispersion of aerosol and droplets and thus the spread of contact and airborne infections."}, {"pmid": 32353870, "title": "The many faces of the anti-COVID immune response.", "journal": "J Exp Med", "authors": ["Vardhana, Santosha A", "Wolchok, Jedd D"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353870", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel 2019 strain of coronavirus is a source of profound morbidity and mortality worldwide. Compared with recent viral outbreaks, COVID-19 infection has a relatively high mortality rate, the reasons for which are not entirely clear. Furthermore, treatment options for COVID-19 infection are currently limited. In this Perspective, we explore the contributions of the innate and adaptive immune systems to both viral control as well as toxicity during COVID-19 infections and offer suggestions to both understand and therapeutically modulate anti-COVID immunity."}, {"pmid": 32478445, "title": "Lung Ultrasound Can Influence the Clinical Treatment of Pregnant Women With COVID-19.", "journal": "J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Yassa, Murat", "Birol, Pinar", "Mutlu, Ali Memis", "Tekin, Arzu Bilge", "Sandal, Kemal", "Tug, Niyazi"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478445", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung ultrasound (LUS) is an effective tool to detect and monitor patients infected with 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The use of LUS on pregnant women is an emerging trend, considering its effectiveness during the outbreak. Eight pregnant women with a diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by nasal/throat real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing who underwent point-of-care LUS examinations after routine obstetric ultrasound are described. A routinely performed LUS examination revealed serious lung involvement in 7 cases: 2 were initially asymptomatic; 3 have chest computed tomography; 1 had initial negative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results; and 1 had initial negative computed tomographic findings. Treatment for COVID-19 was either commenced or changed in 87.5% of the patients (n = 7 of 8) on LUS findings. Among patients with abnormal LUS findings, treatment was commenced in 5 patients (71.5%) and changed in 2 patients (28.5%). One normal and 7 abnormal LUS cases indicate the impact of routine LUS on the clinical outcome and treatment of pregnant women."}, {"pmid": 32356307, "pmcid": "PMC7267306", "title": "From Hematologist's desk: The effect of COVID-19 on the blood system.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Siddiqui, Ahmad Daniyal"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356307", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393595, "title": "Managing COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Mon, Ei Ye", "Mandelia, Yamini"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393595", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Children are less likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 than adults and often have a milder course of COVID-19 disease and a lower case fatality rate. Children account for an estimated 1% to 5% of those diagnosed with COVID-19. Even so, preschool-aged children, infants, and children with underlying health conditions may still be at risk for severe disease and complications. Unique aspects of COVID-19 presentation and disease course in children and possible vertical transmission to newborns from COVID-19-positive mothers are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32371814, "pmcid": "PMC7236858", "title": "Reply: Possible impact of membrane ACE2 expression on COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Esler, Murray", "Esler, Danielle"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371814", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289549, "pmcid": "PMC7151286", "title": "What are the factors influencing the COVID-19 outbreak in Latin America?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["de Freitas E Silva, Rafael", "Pitzurra, Raffaela"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289549", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372778, "pmcid": "PMC7194572", "title": "Public enemy number one.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Marshall, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372778", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus is no small threat, but we are starting to understand how it works, reports Michael Marshall."}, {"pmid": 32345922, "pmcid": "PMC7217123", "title": "Single Use Bronchoscopes: Applications in COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol", "authors": ["Barron, Sarah", "Kennedy, Marcus P"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345922", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521706, "title": "Evaluation of Chemical Protocols for Inactivating SARS-CoV-2 Infectious Samples.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Pastorino, Boris", "Touret, Franck", "Gilles, Magali", "Luciani, Lea", "de Lamballerie, Xavier", "Charrel, Remi N"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521706", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical samples collected in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), patients are commonly manipulated in biosafety level 2 laboratories for molecular diagnostic purposes. Here, we tested French norm NF-EN-14476+A2 derived from European standard EN-14885 to assess the risk of manipulating infectious viruses prior to RNA extraction. SARS-CoV-2 cell-culture supernatant and nasopharyngeal samples (virus-spiked samples and clinical samples collected in COVID-19 patients) were used to measure the reduction of infectivity after 10 minute contact with lysis buffer containing various detergents and chaotropic agents. A total of thirteen protocols were evaluated. Two commercially available formulations showed the ability to reduce infectivity by at least 6 log 10, whereas others proved less effective."}, {"pmid": 32513284, "title": "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation programs for COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Li, Chenglong", "Hou, Xiaotong", "Tong, Zhaohui", "Qiu, Haibo", "Li, Yimin", "Li, Ang"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513284", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529906, "title": "Serological differentiation between COVID-19 and SARS infections.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Chia, Wan Ni", "Tan, Chee Wah", "Foo, Randy", "Kang, Adrian Eng Zheng", "Peng, Yilong", "Sivalingam, Velraj", "Tiu, Charles", "Ong, Xin Mei", "Zhu, Feng", "Young, Barnaby E", "Chen, Mark I C", "Tan, Yee-Joo", "Lye, David C", "Anderson, Danielle E", "Wang, Lin-Fa"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529906", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, multiple diagnostic tests are required globally for acute disease diagnosis, contact tracing, monitoring of asymptomatic infection rates and assessing herd immunity. While PCR remains the frontline test of choice in the acute diagnostic setting, serological tests are urgently needed to fulfil the other requirements. Unlike PCR tests which are highly specific for each virus, cross-reactivity could potentially be a major challenge for COVID-19 antibody tests considering there are six other coronaviruses known to infect humans. Among the human pathogens, SARS-CoV is genetically most related to SARS-CoV-2 sharing approximately 80% sequence identity and both belong to the species SARS related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) in the genus Betacoronavirus of family Coronaviridae. In this study, we developed and compared the performance of four different serological tests to comprehensively assess the cross-reactivity between COVID-19 and SARS patient sera. Our results indicate that there is a significant cross-reactivity when N protein of either SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 is used. The S1 or RBD derived the spike (S) protein offers better specificity. Amongst the different platforms, capture ELISA performed best. Finally, we found that SARS survivors all have significant level of antibodies remaining in their blood 17 years after infection. We discovered that anti-N antibodies waned more than anti-RBD antibodies, and the latter is known to play a more important role in providing protective immunity."}, {"pmid": 32317785, "title": "Untapped potential: More US labs could be providing tests for coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317785", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32023427, "title": "The 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): Novel Virus, Old Challenges.", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Duarte, Raquel", "Furtado, Isabel", "Sousa, Luis", "Carvalho, Carlos Filipe Afonso"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023427", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341719, "pmcid": "PMC7182506", "title": "Covid-19 pandemic by the \"real-time\" monitoring: the Tunisian case and lessons for global epidemics in the context of 3PM strategies.", "journal": "EPMA J", "authors": ["Chaari, Lotfi", "Golubnitschaja, Olga"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341719", "countries": ["China", "Tunisia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is neither the first nor the last viral epidemic which societies around the world are, were and will be affected by. Which lessons should be taken from the current pandemic situation? The Covid-19 disease is still not well characterised, and many research teams all over the world are working on prediction of the epidemic scenario, protective measures to populations and sub-populations, therapeutic and vaccination issues, amongst others. Contextually, countries with currently low numbers of Covid-19-infected individuals such as Tunisia are intended to take lessons from those countries which already reached the exponential phase of the infection distribution as well as from those which have the exponential phase behind them and record a minor number of new cases such as China. To this end, in Tunisia, the pandemic wave has started with a significant delay compared with Europe, the main economic partner of the country. In this paper, we do analyse the current pandemic situation in this country by studying the infection evolution and considering potential protective strategies to prevent a pandemic scenario. The model is predictive based on a large number of undetected Covid-19 cases that is particularly true for some country regions such as Sfax. Infection distribution and mortality rate analysis demonstrate a highly heterogeneous picture over the country. Qualitative and quantitative comparative analysis leads to a conclusion that the reliable \"real-time\" monitoring based on the randomised laboratory tests is the optimal predictive strategy to create the most effective evidence-based preventive measures. In contrast, lack of tests may lead to incorrect political decisions causing either unnecessary over-protection of the population that is risky for a long-term economic recession, or under-protection of the population leading to a post-containment pandemic rebound. Recommendations are provided in the context of advanced predictive, preventive and personalised (3P)\u00a0medical approach."}, {"pmid": 32461326, "title": "Baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units in Vancouver, Canada: a case series.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Mitra, Anish R", "Fergusson, Nicholas A", "Lloyd-Smith, Elisa", "Wormsbecker, Andrew", "Foster, Denise", "Karpov, Andrei", "Crowe, Sarah", "Haljan, Greg", "Chittock, Dean R", "Kanji, Hussein D", "Sekhon, Mypinder S", "Griesdale, Donald E G"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461326", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with high intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Canadian setting. We conducted a retrospective case series of critically ill patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection consecutively admitted to 1 of 6 ICUs in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, between Feb. 21 and Apr. 14, 2020. Demographic, management and outcome data were collected by review of patient charts and electronic medical records. Between Feb. 21 and Apr. 14, 2020, 117 patients were admitted to the ICU with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The median age was 69 (interquartile range [IQR] 60-75) years, and 38 (32.5%) were female. At least 1 comorbidity was present in 86 (73.5%) patients. Invasive mechanical ventilation was required in 74 (63.2%) patients. The duration of mechanical ventilation was 13.5 (IQR 8-22) days overall and 11 (IQR 6-16) days for patients successfully discharged from the ICU. Tocilizumab was administered to 4 patients and hydroxychloroquine to 1 patient. As of May 5, 2020, a total of 18 (15.4%) patients had died, 12 (10.3%) remained in the ICU, 16 (13.7%) were discharged from the ICU but remained in hospital, and 71 (60.7%) were discharged home. In our setting, mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU was lower than in previously published studies. These data suggest that the prognosis associated with critical illness due to COVID-19 may not be as poor as previously reported."}, {"pmid": 32460531, "title": "Traffic-related air pollution and the coronavirus pandemia: shadows and lights.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Mannucci, Pier Mannuccio"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460531", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363222, "pmcid": "PMC7194810", "title": "The clinical and immunological features of pediatric COVID-19 patients in China.", "journal": "Genes Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Juan", "Zhang, Zhen-Zhen", "Chen, Yao-Kai", "Long, Quan-Xin", "Tian, Wen-Guang", "Deng, Hai-Jun", "Hu, Jie-Li", "Zhang, Xian-Xiang", "Pu-Liao", "Xiang, Jiang-Lin", "Wang, Dao-Xin", "Hu, Peng", "Zhou, Fa-Chun", "Li, Zhi-Jie", "Xu, Hong-Mei", "Cai, Xue-Fei", "Wang, De-Qiang", "Hu, Yuan", "Tang, Ni", "Liu, Bei-Zhong", "Wu, Gui-Cheng", "Huang, Ai-Long"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363222", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China and rapidly spread worldwide. Few information on clinical features and immunological profile of COVID-19 in paediatrics. The clinical features and treatment outcomes of twelve paediatric patients confirmed as COVID-19 were analyzed. The immunological features of children patients was investigated and compared with twenty adult patients. The median age was 14.5-years (range from 0.64 to 17), and six of the patients were male. The average incubation period was 8 days. Clinically, cough (9/12, 75%) and fever (7/12, 58.3%) were the most common symptoms. Four patients (33.3%) had diarrhea during the disease. As to the immune profile, children had higher amount of total T cell, CD8+ T cell and B cell but lower CRP levels than adults (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Ground-glass opacity (GGO) and local patchy shadowing were the typical radiological findings on chest CT scan. All patients received antiviral and symptomatic treatment and the symptom relieved in 3-4 days after admitted to hospital. The paediatric patients showed mild symptom but with longer incubation period. Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 had different immune profile with higher T cell amount and low inflammatory factors level, which might ascribed to the mild clinical symptom. We advise that nucleic acid test or examination of serum IgM/IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 should be taken for children with exposure history regardless of clinical symptom."}, {"pmid": 32275319, "pmcid": "PMC7148440", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Patients Who Died of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Xie, Jianfeng", "Tong, Zhaohui", "Guan, Xiangdong", "Du, Bin", "Qiu, Haibo"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275319", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330356, "pmcid": "PMC7264737", "title": "Earliest cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) identified in solid organ transplant recipients in the United States.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Kates, Olivia S", "Fisher, Cynthia E", "Stankiewicz-Karita, Helen C", "Shepherd, Amanda K", "Church, E Chandler", "Kapnadak, Siddhartha G", "Lease, Erika D", "Riedo, Francis X", "Rakita, Robert M", "Limaye, Ajit P"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330356", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the rapidly expanding pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, there is concern that solid organ transplant recipients will be particularly vulnerable to infection and may experience a more severe clinical course. We report four cases of COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients including recipients of kidney, liver, lung, and heart transplants. We describe each patient's medical history including transplantation history, their clinical presentation and workup, and their course from diagnosis to either hospital discharge or to improvement in symptoms. These reports demonstrate a range of symptoms, clinical severity, and disease course in solid organ transplant recipients with COVID-19, including two hospitalized patients and two patients managed entirely in the outpatient setting."}, {"pmid": 32297175, "pmcid": "PMC7159975", "title": "Thoracic ultrasound and SARS-COVID-19: a pictorial essay.", "journal": "J Ultrasound", "authors": ["Sofia, Soccorsa", "Boccatonda, Andrea", "Montanari, Marco", "Spampinato, Michele", "D'ardes, Damiano", "Cocco, Giulio", "Accogli, Esterita", "Cipollone, Francesco", "Schiavone, Cosima"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297175", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thoracic ultrasound seems to adapt to the screening for lung involvement of patients with suspected or ascertained SARS-COVID-19 infection due to its characteristics of easy applicability. It can be also a relevant method in monitoring patients. B lines are\u00a0early finding of COVID-19, even in mild-symptomatic subjects; in the most serious cases such as pre-ARDS or ARDS, the B lines end up filling the ultrasound image almost completely, until it merges, so as to create a single hyperechoic image named as \"white lung\", with distortion and irregularity of the pleural line. In advanced stage, lung consolidations are present, representing pulmonary pathological areas that are no longer normally ventilated."}, {"pmid": 32406606, "pmcid": "PMC7272962", "title": "Positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 combined HSV1 and HHV6B virus nucleic acid in tear and conjunctival secretions of a non-conjunctivitis COVID-19 patient with obstruction of common lacrimal duct.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Hu, Yaguang", "Chen, Tianyan", "Liu, Miaomiao", "Zhang, Li", "Wang, Fang", "Zhao, Shuo", "Liu, Hui", "Xia, Han", "Wang, Yawen", "Li, Li"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406606", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of COVID-19 has spread rapidly all over the world. Respiratory droplets and contaction with infected patients are the two major transmission routes. However, the value of tear virus nucleic acid is still not clear. We dynamic detected the SARS-CoV-2 in eye sample of one COVID-19 patient with obstruction of common lacrimal ducts. Besides the routine examination, nasopharyngeal and eye swab were continuously measured by polymerase chain reaction assay and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Gene detection was performed for drug use guidance, and flow cytometry was performed to analyse the lymphocyte subsets. Nasopharyngeal swabs were positive for 22\u00a0days, but eye swabs were still continuously positive for 2\u00a0weeks after nasopharyngeal swabs turned negative. The low level of lymphocyte and the high level IL-6 lasted for almost 4\u00a0weeks, then became near normal. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed the existing of SARS-CoV-2, HSV1 and HHV6B virus nucleic acid. The gene detection for drug use guidance showed the genetic locus ABCB1 (3435T>C) rs1045642 belonged to type CC and it mean the efficiency of lopinavir-ritonavir would be significantly decreased. The flow cytometry of lymphocyte subsets showed PD-1+ \u00a0CD95+ cells was accounting for 94.8% in CD3+ \u00a0CD8+ T subset and for 94.8% in CD3+ \u00a0TCR\u03b3\u03b4+ T subset. As obstruction of common lacrimal duct, positively detection in one eye for 2\u00a0weeks more after nasopharyngeal swab became negative. More eye swabs should be collected from COVID-19 patients, especially from those immunocompromised, those with eye symptoms and those had a history of ocular diseases."}, {"pmid": 32522523, "title": "First documentation of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection presenting with late acute severe myocarditis.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Pavon, Anna Giulia", "Meier, David", "Samim, Daryoush", "Rotzinger, David C", "Fournier, Stephane", "Marquis, Patrick", "Monney, Pierre", "Muller, Olivier", "Schwitter, Juerg"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522523", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 64 year-old man presented with severe myocarditis 6 weeks after an initial almost asymptomatic SARS-CoV2 infection. He was found to have a persistent positive swab. Mechanisms explaining myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 remains unclear, but this case suggests that severe acute myocarditis can develop in the late phase of COVID-19 infection, even after a symptom-free interval."}, {"pmid": 32515403, "title": "Information Overload and Infodemic in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Rathore, Farooq Azam", "Farooq, Fareeha"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515403", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world has experienced pandemics worse than the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which resulted in great loss of life and economy. However, the global effect of this pandemic has been devastating. Billions of people are in lockdown and isolation on six continents around the world. Most have easy access to information due to internet connectivity and electronic media, which has helped share information about the pandemic. However, information overload during the current COVID-19 pandemic has posed a set of challenges not encountered before. There is an \"infodemic\" in which false news, conspiracy theories, magical cures and racist news are being shared at an alarming rate, with the potential to increase anxiety and stress and even lead to loss of life. This review highlights some of these challenges and suggests general measures to avoid information overload and infodemic in the connected world of 21st century."}, {"pmid": 32267544, "pmcid": "PMC7141753", "title": "Quarantine alone or in combination with other public health measures to control COVID-19: a rapid review.", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "authors": ["Nussbaumer-Streit, Barbara", "Mayr, Verena", "Dobrescu, Andreea Iulia", "Chapman, Andrea", "Persad, Emma", "Klerings, Irma", "Wagner, Gernot", "Siebert, Uwe", "Christof, Claudia", "Zachariah, Casey", "Gartlehner, Gerald"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267544", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging disease that has been classified a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). To support WHO with their recommendations on quarantine, we conducted a rapid review on the effectiveness of quarantine during severe coronavirus outbreaks. We conducted a rapid review to assess the effects of quarantine (alone or in combination with other measures) of individuals who had contact with confirmed cases of COVID-19, who travelled from countries with a declared outbreak, or who live in regions with high transmission of the disease. An information specialist searched PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, WHO Global Index Medicus, Embase, and CINAHL on 12 February 2020 and updated the search on 12 March 2020. WHO provided records from daily searches in Chinese databases up to 16 March 2020. Cohort studies, case-control-studies, case series, time series, interrupted time series, and mathematical modelling studies that assessed the effect of any type of quarantine to control COVID-19. We also included studies on SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) as indirect evidence for the current coronavirus outbreak. Two review authors independently screened 30% of records; a single review author screened the remaining 70%. Two review authors screened all potentially relevant full-text publications independently. One review author extracted data and assessed evidence quality with GRADE and a second review author checked the assessment. We rated the certainty of evidence for the four primary outcomes: incidence, onward transmission, mortality, and resource use. We included 29 studies; 10 modelling studies on COVID-19, four observational studies and 15 modelling studies on SARS and MERS. Because of the diverse methods of measurement and analysis across the outcomes of interest, we could not conduct a meta-analysis and conducted a narrative synthesis. Due to the type of evidence found for this review, GRADE rates the certainty of the evidence as low to very low. Modeling studies consistently reported a benefit of the simulated quarantine measures, for example, quarantine of people exposed to confirmed or suspected cases averted 44% to 81% incident cases and 31% to 63% of deaths compared to no measures based on different scenarios (incident cases: 4 modelling studies on COVID-19, SARS; mortality: 2 modelling studies on COVID-19, SARS, low-certainty evidence). Very low-certainty evidence suggests that the earlier quarantine measures are implemented, the greater the cost savings (2 modelling studies on SARS). Very low-certainty evidence indicated that the effect of quarantine of travellers from a country with a declared outbreak on reducing incidence and deaths was small (2 modelling studies on SARS). When the models combined quarantine with other prevention and control measures, including school closures, travel restrictions and social distancing, the models demonstrated a larger effect on the reduction of new cases, transmissions and deaths than individual measures alone (incident cases: 4 modelling studies on COVID-19; onward transmission: 2 modelling studies on COVID-19; mortality: 2 modelling studies on COVID-19; low-certainty evidence). Studies on SARS and MERS were consistent with findings from the studies on COVID-19. Current evidence for COVID-19 is limited to modelling studies that make parameter assumptions based on the current, fragmented knowledge. Findings consistently indicate that quarantine is important in reducing incidence and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Early implementation of quarantine and combining quarantine with other public health measures is important to ensure effectiveness. In order to maintain the best possible balance of measures, decision makers must constantly monitor the outbreak situation and the impact of the measures implemented. Testing in representative samples in different settings could help assess the true prevalence of infection, and would reduce uncertainty of modelling assumptions. This review was commissioned by WHO and supported by Danube-University-Krems."}, {"pmid": 32348822, "pmcid": "PMC7195318", "title": "What matters most: Why the COVID-19 pandemic should prompt us to revisit the dermatology resident selection process.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Karasik, Daniel", "O'Connor, Daniel M", "Nathan, Neera R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348822", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415753, "pmcid": "PMC7267045", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Consensus Guidelines for Preferred Practices in an Aesthetic Clinic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kapoor, Krishan Mohan", "Chatrath, Vandana", "Boxley, Sarah Gillian", "Nurlin, Iman", "Snozzi, Philippe", "Demosthenous, Nestor", "Belo, Victoria", "Chan, Wai Man", "Kanaris, Nicole", "Kapoor, Puneet"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415753", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Strict infection control measures in response to the current COVID-19 pandemic are expected to remain for an extended period. In aesthetic clinics, most procedures are provided on one to one basis by the physician or therapist. In such a scenario, guidelines detailing the infection control measures for aesthetic clinics are of particular importance. An online meeting of an international group of experts in the field of aesthetic medicine, with experience in administration of an aesthetic clinic, was convened. The meeting aimed to provide a set of consensus guidelines to protect clinic staff and patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Consensus guidelines for \"preferred practices\" were provided for scheduling of patients, patient evaluation and triaging, and for safety precautions about the different procedures. Procedures were categorized into low-risk, moderate risk, and high-risk based on the likelihood of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus from the patient to the treating physician or therapist. While not intended to be complete or exhaustive, these guidelines provide sound infection control measures for aesthetic practices. Since guidelines regarding safety measures and use of PPEs may vary from country to country, the local guidelines should also be followed to prevent COVID-19 infection in aesthetic clinics."}, {"pmid": 32334081, "pmcid": "PMC7194959", "title": "Health Status of Patients Who Underwent Liver Transplantation During the Coronavirus Outbreak at a Large Center in Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Donato, Maria Francesca", "Invernizzi, Federica", "Lampertico, Pietro", "Rossi, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334081", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520225, "title": "COVID-19 in solid organ transplantation patients: A systematic review.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Nacif, Lucas Souto", "Zanini, Leonardo Y", "Waisberg, Daniel R", "Pinheiro, Rafael S", "Galvao, Flavio", "Andraus, Wellington", "D'Albuquerque, Luiz Carneiro"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520225", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) rapidly progresses to severe acute respiratory syndrome. This review aimed at collating available data on COVID-19 infection in solid organ transplantation (SOT) patients. We performed a systematic review of SOT patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The MEDLINE and PubMed databases were electronically searched and updated until April 20, 2020. The MeSH terms used were \"COVID-19\" AND \"Transplant.\" Thirty-nine COVID-19 cases were reported among SOT patients. The median interval for developing SARS-CoV-2 infection was 4 years since transplantation, and the fatality rate was 25.64% (10/39). Sixteen cases were described in liver transplant (LT) patients, and the median interval since transplantation was 5 years. The fatality rate among LT patients was 37.5% (6/16), with death occurring more than 3 years after LT. The youngest patient who died was 59 years old; there were no deaths among children. Twenty-three cases were described in kidney transplant (KT) patients. The median interval since transplantation was 4 years, and the fatality rate was 17.4% (4/23). The youngest patient who died was 71 years old. Among all transplant patients, COVID-19 had the highest fatality rate in patients older than 60 years : LT, 62.5% vs 12.5% (p=0.006); KT 44.44% vs 0 (p=0.039); and SOT, 52.94% vs 4.54% (p=0.001). This study presents a novel description of COVID-19 in abdominal SOT recipients. Furthermore, we alert medical professionals to the higher fatality risk in patients older than 60 years. (PROSPERO, registration number=CRD42020181299)."}, {"pmid": 32495921, "title": "An update on novel COVID-19 pandemic: a battle between humans and virus.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Prajapati, S", "Sharma, M", "Kumar, A", "Gupta, P", "Narasimha Kumar, G V"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495921", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the 21st century, human civilization has witnessed three major epidemics caused by Coronaviruses namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV) in 2003, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS CoV) in 2012 and 2019 novel coronavirus (2019 nCoV) or coronavirus disease (COVID 19) in 2019. Among these, COVID-19 has greater transmission and mortality rate. 2019 nCoV belongs to a large family of positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses (+ssRNA) that can be isolated in different animal species. The most communal symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, and shortness of breath during the incubation period (2-14 days) of infection. COVID-19 transmission is occurring from infected humans to close contact with one another through respiratory droplets, coughs, and sneezes of infected person. Moreover, the virus containing surfaces may also transmit the infection. Diagnosis is being carried out by collecting a nasopharyngeal swab or sputum specimen for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Rapid diagnosing methods are also under development which can diagnose COVID 19 in few minutes to hours. Currently, there is no specific cure or preventive therapeutics available. Hence, based upon limited in-vitro and anecdotal data, Chloroquine, or Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Lopinavir and Ritonavir are being employed in the management. Search for new specific anti-viral drugs from natural/synthetic origins is under full swing and many of them are currently used as chemotherapeutic drugs under clinical investigation. Yet, there is a strong need for development of vaccine, which may take several months to few years for the development."}, {"pmid": 32405057, "title": "Biomedical research: lessons from the last decade's crisis and austerity-stricken small countries for the current COVID-19-related crisis.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Chrousos, George P", "Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A", "Dardiotis, Efthimios"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405057", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511859, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a crisis and opportunity for bipolar disorder.", "journal": "Bipolar Disord", "authors": ["Stefana, Alberto", "Youngstrom, Eric A", "Jun, Chen", "Hinshaw, Stephen", "Maxwell, Victoria", "Michalak, Erin", "Vieta, Eduard"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511859", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has to date infected more than one million people and led to tens of thousands of deaths across the globe. Thus, many governments have imposed regional or national mass shelters-in-place in an effort to slow its rapid spread. In this global health emergency, special attention should be paid to the potential impact of the measures taken to combat the pandemic on patients with bipolar disorders (BDs)."}, {"pmid": 32212141, "title": "COVID-19, guests and crews of cruise: observation on Thai citizens.", "journal": "Int Marit Health", "authors": ["Yasri, Sora", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212141", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471311, "title": "Practical approaches to pedagogically rich online tutorials in health professions education.", "journal": "Rural Remote Health", "authors": ["Seymour-Walsh, Amy E", "Weber, Anthony", "Bell, Andy"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471311", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health professions education in tertiary, industrial and other contexts often entails face-to-face small group learning through tutorials. The current novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has reduced face-to-face contact, and this has challenged how health professionals and clinical students can access training, accreditation and development. Online and other remote mechanisms are available to tutors and course designers; however, they might not feel comfortable with such affordances, in light of expectations to so rapidly change familiar teaching and delivery styles. This may result in the loss of interaction and disruption of peer learning, which are hallmarks of the small group tutorial. Collaborative learning is essential to develop and refine an emerging sense of belonging to a professional community through formal studies, and interactive learning is a requirement for some registered health professions to satisfy ongoing professional accreditation. Online media has been used to promote social learning in regional, rural and remote communities for some time. Strategies for learning activity design and tutor training are proposed to equip course designers and educators to support health professions education remotely, through the synchronous, online small group. This may herald a new era of increased access to training and professional development for non-urban learners, beyond COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32380215, "pmcid": "PMC7198135", "title": "Reply to \"Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients\": Discussing specificity.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Ortega-Quijano, Daniel", "Jimenez-Cauhe, Juan", "Burgos-Blasco, Patricia", "Jimenez-Gomez, Natalia", "Fernandez-Nieto, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380215", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530975, "title": "Clinical Insights for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Providers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gastrointestin Liver Dis", "authors": ["Gheorghe, Cristian"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530975", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336673, "pmcid": "PMC7146685", "title": "Pharmacy administration and pharmaceutical care practice in a module hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)", "authors": ["Hua, XiaoLi", "Gu, Ming", "Zeng, Fang", "Hu, Huiping", "Zhou, Tao", "Zhang, Yu", "Shi, Chen"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336673", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the pharmacy administration and pharmaceutical care in a module hospital during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic and provide reference for domestic and foreign pharmacists participating in the epidemic prevention and control. The study was performed in a Jianghan module hospital constructed at the Wuhan Convention and Exhibition Center in Wuhan, China. This is 1 of the first 3 module hospitals. One thousand eight hundred forty-eight patients were admitted to the Jianghan module hospital, and 1327 cases (71.81% of the total number) were cured and discharged. Pharmacists have successfully completed the tasks of purchase, storage, and free distribution of drugs worth \u00a51.03 million (approximately $146,000), reviewed about 20,000 electronic orders, provided one-on-one online medication consultation for 484 patients, and held 5 lectures on rational drug use knowledge, which could help reduce irrational drug use and minimize the risk involved. The new COVID-19 \"module\" pharmaceutical care model is equipped with new features such as pharmacy emergency command group, organizational structure for pharmacy administration, electronic control of drug prescription, and \"zero contact\" pharmaceutical care relying on the new media platform \"WeChat.\" This platform provides relevant pharmaceutical care for patients, such as ensuring drug supply, setting up critical care drug trolleys, designing specific drug packaging bags, creating a module radio station to broadcast rational drug use information to the patients, and other aspects. With the continuous improvement of the module hospital and the progress in in-depth knowledge about COVID-19, some aspects such as patient admission criteria and variety of drugs need to be adjusted depending on the actual situation. The pharmacists provided pharmaceutical care for 1848 patients with mild COVID-19 disease. They not only ensured the timely supply of the drugs but also reduced the incidence of drug-induced risks through medication review and guidance, thereby improving patient compliance and helping the patients rebuild their confidence in overcoming the disease. The new COVID-19 module pharmaceutical care model has played an important role in overcoming the epidemic situation of COVID-19 in China and thus can be implemented on a broader scale."}, {"pmid": 32322893, "pmcid": "PMC7188111", "title": "Letter to the Editor: \"Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists\".", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Nadolsky, Karl Z"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322893", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292245, "pmcid": "PMC7110288", "title": "The coronavirus pandemic: How can design help?", "journal": "Res Eng Des", "authors": ["Reich, Yoram"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292245", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145215, "pmcid": "PMC7126159", "title": "Identification of the hyper-variable genomic hotspot for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wen, Feng", "Yu, Hai", "Guo, Jinyue", "Li, Yong", "Luo, Kaijian", "Huang, Shujian"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145215", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462398, "pmcid": "PMC7251803", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in nuclear medicine departments: preliminary report of the first international survey.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Annunziata, Salvatore", "Bauckneht, Matteo", "Albano, Domenico", "Argiroffi, Giovanni", "Calabro, Diletta", "Abenavoli, Elisabetta", "Linguanti, Flavia", "Laudicella, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462398", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is challenging the availability of hospital resources worldwide. The Young Group of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) developed the first international survey to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 in nuclear medicine (NM). The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary report of the ongoing survey. A questionnaire of thirty questions was prepared for all NM professionals addressing three main issues: (1) new scheduling praxes for NM diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, (2) assistance of patients with diagnosed or suspected COVID-19, and (3) prevention of COVID-19 spreading in the departments. An invitation to the survey was sent to the corresponding authors of NM scientific papers indexed in SCOPUS in 2019. Personal data were analysed per individual responder. Organisation data were evaluated per single department. Two-hundred and ninety-six individual responders from 220 departments were evaluated. Most of the responders were from Europe (199/296, 67%). Approximately, all departments already changed their scheduling praxes due to the pandemic (213/220, 97%). In most departments, scheduled diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were allowed but quantitatively reduced (112/220, 51%). A significant reduction of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (more than 20%) affected 198/220 (90%) and 158/220 (72%) departments, respectively. Incidental COVID-19 signs in NM exams occurred in 106/220 departments (48%). Few departments were closed or shifted to assist patients with COVID-19 (36/220, 16%). Most of the responders thought that pandemic would not permanently change the work of NM departments in the future (189/296, 64%). According to this preliminary report of the first international survey, COVID-19 heavily impacted NM departments and professionals. New praxes for NM procedures, assistance, and prevention of COVID-19 have been applied during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32354417, "pmcid": "PMC7270866", "title": "Heart Failure Collaboratory Statement on Clinical Trials in the Landscape of COVID-19.", "journal": "JACC Heart Fail", "authors": ["Abraham, William T", "Fiuzat, Mona", "Psotka, Mitchell A", "O'Connor, Christopher M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354417", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429747, "title": "Adapting a Comfort Care Order Set in a Large Health System during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Dingfield, Laura E", "Flores, Emilia J", "Radcliff, Jacob A", "Stamm, Rebecca", "Uritsky, Tanya J"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429747", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518058, "title": "Multiple sclerosis and COVID-19: A great opportunity for databases promoting research and collaboration.", "journal": "J Neuroimmunol", "authors": ["Racke, Michael K", "Newsome, Scott D"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518058", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374298, "pmcid": "PMC7198195", "title": "[A special edition of the Journal of Visceral Surgery on Covid-19: what problems, dangers and solutions have been identified?]", "authors": ["Pocard, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374298", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419711, "pmcid": "PMC7225689", "title": "Health inequity during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cry for ethical global leadership.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chiriboga, David", "Garay, Juan", "Buss, Paulo", "Madrigal, Rocio Saenz", "Rispel, Laetitia Charmaine"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419711", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286916, "title": "A Commentary on Safety Precautions for Otologic Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Saadi, Robert A", "Bann, Darrin V", "Patel, Vijay A", "Goldenberg, David", "May, Jason", "Isildak, Huseyin"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286916", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are insufficient data regarding the safety of otologic procedures in the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Given the proclivity for respiratory pathogens to involve the middle ear and the significant aerosolization associated with many otologic procedures, safety precautions should follow current recommendations for procedures involving the upper airway. Until preoperative diagnostic testing becomes standardized and readily available, elective cases should be deferred and emergent/urgent cases should be treated as high risk for COVID-19 exposure. Necessary otologic procedures on positive, suspected, or unknown COVID-19 status patients should be performed using enhanced personal protective equipment, including an N95 respirator and eye protection or powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR, preferred), disposable cap, disposable gown, and gloves. Powered instrumentation should be avoided unless absolutely necessary, and if performed, PAPR or sealed eye protection is recommended."}, {"pmid": 32479233, "title": "Community Health Workers And COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Hansmann, Kellia J", "Kind, Amy J H"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479233", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469732, "pmcid": "PMC7243792", "title": "Chest X-ray features of SARS-CoV-2 in the emergency department: a multicenter experience from northern Italian hospitals.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Ippolito, Davide", "Maino, Cesare", "Pecorelli, Anna", "Allegranza, Pietro", "Cangiotti, Cecilia", "Capodaglio, Carlo", "Mariani, Ilaria", "Giandola, Teresa", "Gandola, Davide", "Bianco, Ilaria", "Ragusi, Maria", "Franzesi, Cammillo Talei", "Corso, Rocco", "Sironi, Sandro"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469732", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the imaging features of routine admission chest X-ray in patients referred for novel Coronavirus 2019 infection. All patients referred to the emergency departments, RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection were evaluated. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Two radiologists (8 and 15 years of experience) reviewed all the X-ray images and evaluated the following findings: interstitial opacities, alveolar opacities (AO), AO associated with consolidation, consolidation and/or pleural effusion. We stratified patients in groups according to the time interval between symptoms onset (cut-off 5 days) and X-ray imaging and according to age (cut-off 60 years old). Computed tomography was performed in case of a discrepancy between clinical symptoms, laboratory and X-ray findings, and/or suspicion of complications. A total of 468 patients were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Lung lesions primarily manifested as interstitial opacities (71.7%) and AO opacities (60.5%), more frequently bilateral (64.5%) and with a peripheral predominance (62.5%). Patients admitted to the emergency radiology department after 5 days from symptoms onset, more frequently had interstitial and AO opacities, in comparison to those admitted within 5 days, and lung lesions were more frequently bilateral and peripheral. Older patients more frequently presented interstitial and AO opacities in comparison to younger ones. Sixty-eight patients underwent CT that principally showed the presence of ground-glass opacities and consolidations. The most common X-ray pattern is multifocal and peripheral, associated with interstitial and alveolar opacities. Chest X-ray, compared to CT, can be considered a reliable diagnostic tool, especially in the Emergency setting."}, {"pmid": 32266502, "pmcid": "PMC7137404", "title": "How Do We Balance Tensions Between COVID-19 Public Health Responses and Stigma Mitigation? Learning from HIV Research.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Logie, Carmen H", "Turan, Janet M"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266502", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391856, "title": "Errors in Units of Measure and Reference Value for Laboratory Tests and Numbers of Patients in Study of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Song, Yuanlin", "Zheng, Junhua"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391856", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423580, "pmcid": "PMC7190306", "title": "Remdesivir for COVID-19: challenges of underpowered studies.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Norrie, John David"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423580", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360302, "title": "COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction testing before endoscopy: an economic analysis.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Corral, Juan E", "Hoogenboom, Sanne A", "Kroner, Paul T", "Vazquez-Roque, Maria I", "Picco, Michael F", "Farraye, Francis A", "Wallace, Michael B"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360302", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has limited endoscopy utilization, causing significant health and economic losses. We aim to model the impact of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing into resuming endoscopy practice. We performed a retrospective review of endoscopy utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic for a baseline reference. A computer model compared 3 approaches: strategy 1, endoscopy for urgent indications only; strategy 2, testing for semiurgent indications; and strategy 3, testing all patients. Analysis was made under current COVID-19 prevalence and projected prevalence of 5% and 10%. Primary outcomes were number of procedures performed and/or canceled. Secondary outcomes were direct costs, reimbursement, personal protective equipment used, and personnel infected. Disease prevalence, testing accuracy, and costs were obtained from the literature. During the COVID-19 pandemic, endoscopy volume was 12.7% of expected. Strategies 2 and 3 were safe and effective interventions to resume endoscopy in semiurgent and elective cases. Investing 22 U.S. dollars (USD) and 105 USD in testing per patient allowed the completion of 19.4% and 95.3% of baseline endoscopies, respectively. False-negative results were seen after testing 4700 patients (or 3 months of applying strategy 2 in our practice). Implementing PCR testing over 1 week in the United States would require 13 and 64 million USD, with a return of 165 and 767 million USD to providers, leaving 65 and 325 healthcare workers infected. PCR testing is an effective strategy to restart endoscopic practice in the United States. PCR screening should be implemented during the second phase of the pandemic, once the healthcare system is able to test and isolate all suspected COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32405693, "pmcid": "PMC7220809", "title": "Could ruxolitinib be effective in patients with COVID-19 infection at risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Caocci, Giovanni", "La Nasa, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405693", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302437, "pmcid": "PMC7264556", "title": "Should SARS-CoV-2 influence immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune blistering diseases?", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Di Altobrando, Ambra", "Patrizi, Annalisa", "Bardazzi, Federico"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302437", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this dramatic period where the whole world is affected by the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), scientific data relating to the causative virus SARS-CoV-2 as well as the subsequent therapeutic repercussions on the management of other diseases should be divulged in order to share as much information as possible among experts in a timely manner."}, {"pmid": 32392332, "pmcid": "PMC7239205", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients: what still needs to be known about the kinetics.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Martin-Blondel, G", "Ruiz, S", "Murris, M", "Faguer, S", "Duhalde, V", "Eyvrard, F", "Izopet, J", "Mansuy, J M", "Rolland, Y", "Delavigne, K", "Guimbaud, R", "Pugnet, G", "Conil, J M", "Georges, B", "Delobel, P", "Minville, V", "Silva Sifontes, S", "Concordet, D", "Gandia, P"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392332", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Different dosage regimens of hydroxychloroquine are used to manage COVID-19 patients, without information on the pharmacokinetics in this population.Blood samples (n=101) were collected from 57 COVID-19 patients for 7 days and concentrations were compared with simulated kinetic profiles.Hydroxychloroquine exposure is low and cannot be predicted by other populations."}, {"pmid": 32379896, "pmcid": "PMC7267562", "title": "Knowledge-based structural models of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and their complexes with potential drugs.", "journal": "FEBS Lett", "authors": ["Hijikata, Atsushi", "Shionyu-Mitsuyama, Clara", "Nakae, Setsu", "Shionyu, Masafumi", "Ota, Motonori", "Kanaya, Shigehiko", "Shirai, Tsuyoshi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379896", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 a pandemic. There is, however, no confirmed anti-COVID-19 therapeutic currently. In order to assist structure-based discovery efforts for repurposing drugs against this disease, we constructed knowledge-based models of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and compared the ligand molecules in the template structures with approved/experimental drugs and components of natural medicines. Our theoretical models suggest several drugs, such as carfilzomib, sinefungin, tecadenoson, and trabodenoson, that could be further investigated for their potential for treating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32164830, "pmcid": "PMC7128610", "title": "COVID-19 with spontaneous pneumomediastinum.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhou, Changyu", "Gao, Chen", "Xie, Yuanliang", "Xu, Maosheng"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32164830", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430344, "title": "Low-fidelity simulation of medical emergency and cardiac arrest responses in a suspected COVID-19 patient - an interim report.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Wenlock, Rhys D", "Arnold, Amy", "Patel, Hiten", "Kirtchuk, David"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430344", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 poses many challenges to healthcare systems and workers. Responding to medical emergencies in patients with suspected COVID-19 will require new guidelines and protocols. Simulation can support their development. We organised seven simulations involving patients with suspected COVID-19 for staff at Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals. Participants completed pre- and post-simulation questionnaires. Fifty-six staff participated and they reported being significantly less prepared to respond to an emergency in a patient with suspected COVID-19 than in one in whom it is not suspected. The simulations significantly improved the participants' confidence in responding to emergencies in patients with suspected COVID-19. Numerous challenges were identified along the themes of equipment, personnel, communication and procedures. Low-fidelity simulation can provide relevant and timely information on how prepared health systems and their workforce are to respond to emergencies. We urge NHS trusts nationally to implement simulations to identify problems and develop effective solutions."}, {"pmid": 32343775, "pmcid": "PMC7197624", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Serology: Much Hype, Little Data.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Farnsworth, Christopher W", "Anderson, Neil W"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343775", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482971, "title": "Disproportionate Case Reduction After Ban of Elective Surgeries During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Spine Surg", "authors": ["Laux, Christoph J", "Bauer, David E", "Kohler, Adrian", "Uckay, Ilker", "Farshad, Mazda"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482971", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a retrospective case analysis. The objective of this study was to illustrate the numerical effects of regulatory restrictions of elective surgery at an orthopaedic university hospital. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic all over the world places extraordinary demands on health care systems which are forced to ensure structural and personnel capacities. Consequently, hospitals may only perform urgent interventions. Spine patients, however, often need urgent surgery and, moreover, bear an above-average perioperative risk frequently requiring postoperative surveillance on intensive care units (ICUs). Facing this dilemma, we want to share our practice and its unexpected numerical effects. We compare case statistics during normal operation, directly before and after implementation of regulatory measures. We also analyzed the differences in ICU utilization, complexity and duration of interventions and the patient population. Spine surgical interventions have been reduced by 42.7%. Regulatory restriction of \"elective surgeries\" in pandemic situations results in reduced ICU utilization, however in a disproportionate manner. Although other specialized surgeries can be reduced by 59%, surgical spine cases are only diminishable by 24%. The spine surgery-related ICU occupancy has been reduced by 35%. The disproportionate effect of case reduction needs to be considered while calculating resources released by regulatory limitation of \"elective surgeries\" on a (inter-)national level."}, {"pmid": 32296888, "pmcid": "PMC7156798", "title": "[Urology in the corona-virus pandemic-a guideline 4/20].", "journal": "Urologe A", "authors": ["Kriegmair, M C", "Kowalewski, K F", "Lange, B", "Heininger, A", "Speck, T", "Haas, H", "Michel, M S"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296888", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic is a\u00a0major challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. For urology, the expansion of the health-care structures for the treatment of patients suffering from COVID-19 should be supported as best as possible. At the same time, one should aim to ensure adequate care for urological emergencies and urgent urological treatments as far as possible, even during the pandemic. For this, patients must be prioritized individually, alternative therapy concepts must be considered and regional and supraregional cooperation must be used. Outpatient departments are of great importance in the care, examination and coordination of urological emergencies and urgent treatment. Urological clinics must prepare themselves to perform urgent operations and interventions on SARS-CoV\u20112-positive patients. Here, the creation of a\u00a0separate, appropriately equipped emergency operating room to perform operations and interventions on SARS-CoV\u20112 patients should be considered. Furthermore strictly defined hygiene measures to protect employees in various clinical scenarios should be set up."}, {"pmid": 32292633, "pmcid": "PMC7128423", "title": "A study on the psychological needs of nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 from the perspective of the existence, relatedness, and growth theory.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Sci", "authors": ["Yin, Xue", "Zeng, Lingdan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292633", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to explore the psychological needs of nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) and to propose corresponding interventions. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 nurses who cared for patients with COVID-19. Interview data were analyzed by category analysis from the perspective of the existence, relatedness, and growth theory (ERG). The existence needs were mainly reflected in health and security needs, whereas the relatedness needs consisted mainly of interpersonal needs, humanistic concern needs, and family needs; further, the growth needs were mainly reflected as a strong need for knowledge. Existence needs were the main needs during the epidemic, with health and security needs influencing each other. Humanistic concern needs were the most important of the relatedness needs; interpersonal and family needs were also growing. It is found that the existence, relatedness, and growth needs coexist in clinical nurses. It is helpful to take effective interventions to meet their needs if the needs of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients could be perceived well."}, {"pmid": 32302529, "pmcid": "PMC7144600", "title": "A Pinch of Prevention is Worth a Pound of Cure: Proactive Dentistry in the Wake of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Halepas, Steven", "Ferneini, Elie M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302529", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381538, "title": "Stroke Health Care Use and COVID-19.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Derraz, I"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313360, "pmcid": "PMC7164913", "title": "AI governance in the public sector: Three tales from the frontiers of automated decision-making in democratic settings.", "journal": "Telecomm Policy", "authors": ["Kuziemski, Maciej", "Misuraca, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313360", "countries": ["Finland", "Canada", "Poland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rush to understand new socio-economic contexts created by the wide adoption of AI is justified by its far-ranging consequences, spanning almost every walk of life. Yet, the public sector's predicament is a tragic double bind: its obligations to protect citizens from potential algorithmic harms are at odds with the temptation to increase its own efficiency - or in other words - to govern algorithms, while governing by algorithms. Whether such dual role is even possible, has been a matter of debate, the challenge stemming from algorithms' intrinsic properties, that make them distinct from other digital solutions, long embraced by the governments, create externalities that rule-based programming lacks. As the pressures to deploy automated decision making systems in the public sector become prevalent, this paper aims to examine how the use of AI in the public sector in relation to existing data governance regimes and national regulatory practices can be intensifying existing power asymmetries. To this end, investigating the legal and policy instruments associated with the use of AI for strenghtening the immigration process control system in Canada; \"optimising\" the employment services\" in Poland, and personalising the digital service experience in Finland, the paper advocates for the need of a common framework to evaluate the potential impact of the use of AI in the public sector. In this regard, it discusses the specific effects of automated decision support systems on public services and the growing expectations for governments to play a more prevalent role in the digital society and to ensure that the potential of technology is harnessed, while negative effects are controlled and possibly avoided. This is of particular importance in light of the current COVID-19 emergency crisis where AI and the underpinning regulatory framework of data ecosystems, have become crucial policy issues as more and more innovations are based on large scale data collections from digital devices, and the real-time accessibility of information and services, contact and relationships between institutions and citizens could strengthen - or undermine - trust in governance systems and democracy."}, {"pmid": 32513951, "title": "COVID-19 infection: the China and Italy perspectives.", "journal": "Cell Death Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Jun", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Melino, Gerry", "Boccia, Stefania", "Piacentini, Mauro", "Ricciardi, Walter", "Wang, Ying", "Shi, Yufang", "Zhu, Tongyu"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513951", "countries": ["United States", "China", "Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Since its first report in December 2019, despite great efforts made in almost every country worldwide, this disease continues to spread globally, especially in most parts of Europe, Iran, and the United States. Here, we update the recent understanding in clinical characteristics, diagnosis strategies, as well as clinical management of COVID-19 in China as compared to Italy, with the purpose to integrate the China experience with the global efforts to outline references for prevention, basic research, treatment as well as final control of the disease. Being the first two countries we feel appropriate to evaluate the evolution of the disease as well as the early result of the treatment, in order to offer a different baseline to other countries. It is also interesting to compare two countries, with a very significant difference in population, where the morbidity and mortality has been so different, and unrelated to the size of the country."}, {"pmid": 32320331, "title": "Sex and Gender Disparities in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Womens Health (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Gausman, Jewel", "Langer, Ana"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320331", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520590, "title": "COVID-19 Autopsies and Personal Protective Equipment.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Han, Bing", "Bhalla, Ritu", "da Silva Lameira, Fernanda", "Stuart Vander Heide, Richard", "Lee Love, Gordon"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520590", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341312, "pmcid": "PMC7224616", "title": "What's Important: COVID-19-Helpers, Not Heroes.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Dyer, George S M", "Lipa, Shaina A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341312", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434605, "title": "Acute exacerbation of OCD symptoms precipitated by media reports of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["French, Ian", "Lyne, John"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434605", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of COVID-19 has recently dominated public discourse given its serious impact on vulnerable patient groups. Advice in relation to reducing risk of contamination have justifiably been circulated widely during the COVID-19 crisis. Contamination fear is a common obsessional theme in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and there is a need for increased research on how infectious disease epidemics affect patients with OCD. We present the case of a lady in her thirties with a history of well controlled contamination OCD who presented acutely with a significant exacerbation of OCD symptoms precipitated by media reports of COVID-19. The case highlights the potential psychological impacts of infectious disease epidemics on individuals with mental illness. We also highlight some of the risks posed to such patients in response to epidemics such as the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32342349, "pmcid": "PMC7184817", "title": "In reply: Spinal anesthesia for Cesarean delivery in women with COVID-19 infection: questions regarding the cause of hypotension.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Chen, Rong", "Zhang, Yun-Yan", "Zhou, Qin", "Meng, Qing-Tao"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342349", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424482, "pmcid": "PMC7232609", "title": "Systemic arterial thrombosis and acute mesenteric ischemia in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Azouz, Eya", "Yang, Sisi", "Monnier-Cholley, Laurence", "Arrive, Lionel"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424482", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405189, "pmcid": "PMC7219360", "title": "Fast and economic cardboard cutout use to increase compliance of face mask wear during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Kashyap, Abhishek", "Singh, Keshave", "Sabat, Dhananjay", "Maini, Lalit"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405189", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530408, "title": "Acute Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Pneumoniae: The Best Interface for an Optimal Management. A South Italian Experience.", "journal": "Turk Thorac J", "authors": ["Imitazione, Pasquale", "Polistina, Giorgio Emanuele", "Annunziata, Anna", "Di Spirito, Valentina", "Lanza, Maurizia", "Fiorentino, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530408", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341627, "pmcid": "PMC7183990", "title": "Estimating the infection horizon of COVID-19 in eight countries with a data-driven approach.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Barmparis, G D", "Tsironis, G P"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341627", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all countries of the world producing a substantial number of fatalities accompanied by a major disruption in their social, financial and educational organization. The strict disciplinary measures implemented by China were very effective and thus were subsequently adopted by most world countries to various degrees. The infection duration and number of infected persons are of critical importance for the battle against the pandemic. We use the quantitative landscape of the disease spreading in China as a benchmark and utilize infection data from eight countries to estimate the complete evolution of the infection in each of these countries. The analysis predicts successfully both the expected number of daily infections per country and, perhaps more importantly, the duration of the epidemic in each country. Our quantitative approach is based on a Gaussian spreading hypothesis that is shown to arise as a result of imposed measures in a simple dynamical infection model. This may have consequences and shed light in the efficiency of policies once the phenomenon is over."}, {"pmid": 32416969, "pmcid": "PMC7211608", "title": "Provision of continuous dental care for oral oncology patients during & after COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Kochhar, Anuraj Singh", "Bhasin, Ritasha", "Kochhar, Gulsheen Kaur", "Dadlani, Himanshu"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416969", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470148, "title": "Serum KL-6 concentrations as a novel biomarker of severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["d'Alessandro, Miriana", "Cameli, Paolo", "Refini, Rosa Metella", "Bergantini, Laura", "Alonzi, Valerio", "Lanzarone, Nicola", "Bennett, David", "Rana, Giuseppe Domenico", "Montagnani, Francesca", "Scolletta, Sabino", "Franchi, Federico", "Frediani, Bruno", "Valente, Serafina", "Mazzei, Maria Antonietta", "Bonella, Francesco", "Bargagli, Elena"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470148", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-induced direct cytopathic effects against type I and II pneumocytes mediate lung damage. Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is mainly produced by damaged or regenerating alveolar type II pneumocytes. This preliminary study analyzed serum concentrations of KL-6 in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to verify its potential as a prognostic biomarker of severity. Twenty-two patients (median age [interquartile range] 63 [59-68] years, 16 males) with COVID-19 were enrolled prospectively. Patients were divided into mild-moderate and severe groups, according to respiratory impairment and clinical management. KL-6 serum concentrations and lymphocyte subset were obtained. Peripheral natural killer (NK) cells/\u00b5L were significantly higher in nonsevere patients than in the severe group (P\u2009=\u2009.0449) and the best cut-off value was 119\u2009cells/\u00b5L. KL-6 serum concentrations were significantly higher in severe patients than the nonsevere group (P\u2009=\u2009.0118). Receiver operating characteristic analysis distinguished severe and nonsevere patients according to KL-6 serum levels and the best cut-off value was 406.5\u2009U/mL. NK cell analysis and assay of KL-6 in serum can help identify severe COVID-19 patients. Increased KL-6 serum concentrations were observed in patients with severe pulmonary involvement, revealing a prognostic value and supporting the potential usefulness of KL-6 measurement to evaluate COVID-19 patients' prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32313110, "pmcid": "PMC7186932", "title": "The need for urogenital tract monitoring in COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Urol", "authors": ["Wang, Shangqian", "Zhou, Xiang", "Zhang, Tongtong", "Wang, Zengjun"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313110", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437283, "title": "Policy Lessons From Early Reactions to the COVID-19 Virus in China.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Liu, Yu", "Saltman, Richard B"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437283", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 virus outbreak to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 30, 2020. Although the Chinese central government implemented significant measures to control the epidemic from January 20 within China, the crisis had already escalated dramatically.Between December 1, 2019, and January 20, 2020, a total of 51 days passed before the Chinese central government took full control. Several major factors combined to cause what had been in retrospect a clear break in the governmental information chain between December 1 and January 20. The management of this epidemic also illustrated key organizational limitations of the current Chinese health system, in particular provincial-level senior officials' lack of knowledge and awareness of potential public health risks and insufficient emergency medical material storage and logistics arrangements.We review the specific disease control actions that the Chinese central government took between January 20 and January 27, the major reasons why the governmental information chain had broken before January 20, and key structural health system limitations highlighted as the epidemic expanded. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 21, 2020: e1-e4. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305732)."}, {"pmid": 32329923, "pmcid": "PMC7264612", "title": "Early institutional head and neck oncologic and microvascular surgery practice patterns across the United States during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Patel, Rusha J", "Kejner, Alexandra", "McMullen, Caitlin"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329923", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused rapid changes in head and neck cancer (HNC) care. \"Real-time\" methods to monitor practice patterns can optimize provider safety and patient care. Head and neck surgeons from 14 institutions in the United States regularly contributed their practice patterns to a shared spreadsheet. Data from 27 March 2020 to 5 April 2020 was analyzed. All institutions had significantly restricted HNC clinic evaluations. Two institutions stopped free-flap surgery with the remaining scheduling surgery by committee review. Factors contributing to reduced clinical volume included lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) (35%) and lack of rapid COVID-19 testing (86%). The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a reduction in HNC care. Rapid COVID-19 testing and correlation with infectious potential remain paramount to resuming the care of patients with head and neck cancer. Cloud-based platforms to share practice patterns will be essential as the pandemic evolves."}, {"pmid": 32404898, "pmcid": "PMC7220586", "title": "Diabetes and COVID-19: evidence, current status and unanswered research questions.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Gupta, Ritesh", "Hussain, Akhtar", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404898", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with diabetes who get coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at risk of a severe disease course and mortality. Several factors especially the impaired immune response, heightened inflammatory response and hypercoagulable state contribute to the increased disease severity. However, there are many contentious issues about which the evidence is rather limited. There are some theoretical concerns about the effects of different anti-hyperglycaemic drugs. Similarly, despite the recognition of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), and the role of ACE2 in lung injury; there are conflicting results with the use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) in these patients. Management of patients with diabetes in times of restrictions on mobility poses some challenges and novel approaches like telemedicine can be useful. There is a need to further study the natural course of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes and to understand the individual, regional and ethnic variations in disease prevalence and course."}, {"pmid": 32353150, "pmcid": "PMC7197573", "title": "Our Health is the Public's Health: Pain Management Leadership in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Pain Med", "authors": ["Gallagher, Rollin M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433226, "title": "The Role of Human Coronavirus Infection in Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Xiong, Li-Jing", "Zhou, Meng-Yao", "He, Xiao-Qing", "Wu, Ying", "Xie, Xiao-Li"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433226", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since human coronavirus (HCoV)-like particles were detected in the stool specimens of acute gastroenteritis and necrotizing enterocolitis children with electron microscopy, the relationship between HCoV and the pediatric gastrointestinal illness had been recognized. In recent years, the overall detection rates have been low and have varied by region. HCoVs have not been considered as the major pathogens in pediatric acute gastroenteritis. HCoVs detected in children with acute gastroenteritis have included 229E, OC43, HKU1, NL63, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 have also been associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in children. Although digestive tract has been recognized as an infection route, it has not been possible to fully investigate the association between HCoVs infection and the gastrointestinal symptoms because of the limited number of pediatric cases. Furthermore, pathologic features have not been clear. Till now, our knowledge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is limited. However, diarrhea and vomiting have been seen in pediatric cases, particularly in newborns and infants. It has been necessary to pay more attention on gastrointestinal transmission to identify the infected children early and avoid the children without apparent or mild symptoms becoming the sources of infection."}, {"pmid": 32502747, "pmcid": "PMC7242940", "title": "COVID-19 and healthcare systems: What should we do next?", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Ferrara, P", "Albano, L"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502747", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469426, "title": "African American children are at higher risk for COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Bandi, Sindhura", "Nevid, Michael Z", "Mahdavinia, Mahboobeh"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469426", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526224, "title": "Cardiac injuries in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Mol Cell Cardiol", "authors": ["Chen, Chen", "Li, Huihui", "Hang, Weijian", "Wang, Dao Wen"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526224", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic worsens, this global pandemic is impacting more than 200 countries/regions and more than 4,500,000 confirmed cases worldwide. COVID-19 is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which might attack not only the respiratory system, but also the other important organs, including the heart. It was reported that COVID-19 patients with a past history of cardiovascular diseases would have a higher mortality. Meanwhile, elevated troponin levels were frequently observed in COVID-19 cases. Besides the comprehensive treatments for COVID-19, as a cardiologist, we should also remain vigilant about the cardiac injuries, especially those with severe emergent cardiovascular symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32461703, "pmcid": "PMC7243794", "title": "Mechanobiology predicts raft formations triggered by ligand-receptor activity across the cell membrane.", "journal": "J Mech Phys Solids", "authors": ["Carotenuto, Angelo R", "Lunghi, Laura", "Piccolo, Valentina", "Babaei, Mahnoush", "Dayal, Kaushik", "Pugno, Nicola", "Zingales, Massimiliano", "Deseri, Luca", "Fraldi, Massimiliano"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461703", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clustering of ligand-binding receptors of different types on thickened isles of the cell membrane, namely lipid rafts, is an experimentally observed phenomenon. Although its influence on cell's response is deeply investigated, the role of the coupling between mechanical processes and multiphysics involving the active receptors and the surrounding lipid membrane during ligand-binding has not yet been understood. Specifically, the focus of this work is on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the widest group of transmembrane proteins in animals, which regulate specific cell processes through chemical signalling pathways involving a synergistic balance between the cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) produced by active GPCRs in the intracellular environment and its efflux, mediated by the Multidrug Resistance Proteins (MRPs) transporters. This paper develops a multiphysics approach based on the interplay among energetics, multiscale geometrical changes and mass balance of species, i.e. active GPCRs and MRPs, including diffusion and kinetics of binding and unbinding. Because the obtained energy depends upon both the kinematics and the changes of species densities, balance of mass and of linear momentum are coupled and govern the space-time evolution of the cell membrane. The mechanobiology involving remodelling and change of lipid ordering of the cell membrane allows to predict dynamics of transporters and active receptors -in full agreement with experimentally observed cAMP levels- and how the latter trigger rafts formation and cluster on such sites. Within the current scientific debate on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and on the basis of the ascertained fact that lipid rafts often serve as an entry port for viruses, it is felt that approaches accounting for strong coupling among mechanobiological aspects could even turn helpful in better understanding membrane-mediated phenomena such as COVID-19 virus-cell interaction."}, {"pmid": 32389155, "pmcid": "PMC7239773", "title": "Utility of retesting for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: Impact of the interval between tests.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Doll, Michelle E", "Pryor, Rachel", "Mackey, Dorothy", "Doern, Christopher D", "Bryson, Alexandra", "Bailey, Pamela", "Cooper, Kaila", "Godbout, Emily", "Stevens, Michael P", "Bearman, Gonzalo"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389155", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291894, "pmcid": "PMC7262064", "title": "Cytosine drives evolution of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Environ Microbiol", "authors": ["Danchin, Antoine", "Marliere, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291894", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273299, "pmcid": "PMC7211070", "title": "Self-screening to reduce medical resource consumption facing the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Chiu, I-Min", "Cheng, Chi-Yung", "Zhang, Huan", "Lin, Chun-Hung Richard"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273299", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487260, "pmcid": "PMC7266425", "title": "Precision medicine for COVID-19: a call for better clinical trials.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Shrestha, Gentle Sunder", "Paneru, Hem Raj", "Vincent, Jean-Louis"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487260", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489166, "title": "Mental health of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from history to guide our future.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Chong, Terence W H", "Curran, Eleanor", "Ames, David", "Lautenschlager, Nicola T", "Castle, David J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489166", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376306, "pmcid": "PMC7196547", "title": "A logistic growth model for COVID-19 proliferation: experiences from China and international implications in infectious diseases.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shen, Christopher Y"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376306", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 global pandemic continues its proliferation globally, this paper shares the findings and experiences of modelling the outbreak in China and its provinces and proposes implications for the study of infectious diseases and the COVID-19 pandemic in other nations. An NLS (non-linear least square) method estimated the parameters of a differentiated logistic growth function of new COVID-19 cases in multiple regions in China and nations with a large amount of cases based on training data from Feb. 20 to Mar. 13. A restriction test was subsequently employed to test whether a designated parameter was identical among regions or countries. We conducted diagnosis of the residuals and also its goodness of fit with testing data from Mar. 13 to Apr. 18. We find that the model fits time series data exceedingly well in China, its provinces, and two other nations, and we provide estimates of key parameters. We reject the null hypothesis that the growth rate of the outbreak is the same among ten selected provinces as well as between South Korea and Iran. We also find that the model does not provide reliable estimates in countries that are in the early stages of outbreak. We further find that the R2 value be varied and misleading when compared among different curves of the same nonlinear model, as well as the existence of heteroskedasticity and positive serial correlation within residuals in some provinces and nations. We believe that there is potential for our model to contribute to better public health policy combatting COVID-19 by providing a simple logistical framework for retrospectively analyzing the outbreak in regions that have already experienced maximal proliferation in cases. However, based upon our statistical findings, we outline certain pitfalls in modelling and their implications on results."}, {"pmid": 32484860, "title": "Clinical Performance of the Roche SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assay.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Tang, Mei San", "Hock, Karl G", "Logsdon, Nicole M", "Hayes, Jennifer E", "Gronowski, Ann M", "Anderson, Neil W", "Farnsworth, Christopher W"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484860", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358131, "title": "Vetlife Financial Support grant.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358131", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Members of the veterinary community may be finding it tough to make ends meet as the social restrictions imposed to help combat Covid-19 affect their ability to earn a living. Vetlife Honorary Secretary Elaine Garvican explains that Vetlife Financial Support can provide assistance to veterinary surgeons experiencing financial hardship."}, {"pmid": 32313879, "pmcid": "PMC7165295", "title": "What are the Underlying Transmission Patterns of COVID-19 Outbreak? - An Age-specific Social Contact Characterization.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Liu, Y", "Gu, Z", "Xia, S", "Shi, B", "Zhou, X-N", "Shi, Y", "Liu, J"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313879", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has spread to 6 continents. Now is opportune to gain a deeper understanding of what may have happened. The findings can help inform mitigation strategies in the disease-affected countries. In this work, we examine an essential factor that characterizes the disease transmission patterns: the interactions among people. We develop a computational model to reveal the interactions in terms of the social contact patterns among the population of different age-groups. We divide a city's population into seven age-groups: 0-6 years old (children); 7-14 (primary and junior high school students); 15-17 (high school students); 18-22 (university students); 23-44 (young/middle-aged people); 45-64 years old (middle-aged/elderly people); and 65 or above (elderly people). We consider four representative settings of social contacts that may cause the disease spread: (1) individual households; (2) schools, including primary/high schools as well as colleges and universities; (3) various physical workplaces; and (4) public places and communities where people can gather, such as stadiums, markets, squares, and organized tours. A contact matrix is computed to describe the contact intensity between different age-groups for each of the four settings. By integrating the four contact matrices with the next-generation matrix, we quantitatively characterize the underlying transmission patterns of COVID-19 among different populations. We focus our study on 6 representative cities in China: Wuhan, the epicenter of COVID-19, together with Beijing, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Suzhou, and Shenzhen, which are five major cities from three key economic zones. The results show that the social contact-based analysis can readily explain the underlying disease transmission patterns as well as the associated risks (including both confirmed and unconfirmed cases). In Wuhan, the age-groups involving relatively intensive contacts in households and public/communities are dispersedly distributed. This can explain why the transmission of COVID-19 in the early stage mainly took place in public places and families in Wuhan. We estimate that Feb. 11, 2020 was the date with the highest transmission risk in Wuhan, which is consistent with the actual peak period of the reported case number (Feb. 4-14). Moreover, the surge in the number of new cases reported on Feb. 12-13 in Wuhan can readily be captured using our model, showing its ability in forecasting the potential/unconfirmed cases. We further estimate the disease transmission risks associated with different work resumption plans in these cities after the outbreak. The estimation results are consistent with the actual situations in the cities with relatively lenient control policies, such as Beijing, and those with strict control policies, such as Shenzhen. With an in-depth characterization of age-specific social contact-based transmission, the retrospective and prospective situations of the disease outbreak, including the past and future transmission risks, the effectiveness of different interventions, and the disease transmission risks of restoring normal social activities, are computationally analyzed and reasonably explained. The conclusions drawn from the study not only provide a comprehensive explanation of the underlying COVID-19 transmission patterns in China, but more importantly, offer the social contact-based risk analysis methods that can readily be applied to guide intervention planning and operational responses in other countries, so that the impact of COVID-19 pandemic can be strategically mitigated. General Research Fund of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council; Key Project Grants of the National Science Foundation of China."}, {"pmid": 32344304, "pmcid": "PMC7175887", "title": "May patients receiving 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors be in higher risk of COVID-19 complications?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Adamowicz, Jan", "Juszczak, Kajetan", "Drewa, Tomasz"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344304", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for global and national healthcare providers. Number of new cases is continuously increasing with an emerging trend showing worse prognosis in males in comparison to females. Based on this observation, our proposed hypothesis is that 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, that are commonly used for BPH treatment, may be one of the factors contributing to poorer prognosis in males."}, {"pmid": 32386440, "pmcid": "PMC7273078", "title": "Severe maternal morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19: The risk should not be down-played.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Westgren, Magnus", "Pettersson, Karin", "Hagberg, Henrik", "Acharya, Ganesh"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386440", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296884, "pmcid": "PMC7158754", "title": "Nuclear medicine in responding to global pandemic COVID-19-American College of Nuclear Medicine member experience.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Lu, Yang", "Yan, Sean Xuexian", "Lan, Xiaoli", "Zhu, Xiaohua", "Macapinlac, Homer A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296884", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the global pandemic COVID-19, it is important for everyone including nuclear medicine personnel to know how to stop transmission and contain and prevent the spread of COVID-19. Here, we summarize our American College of Nuclear Medicine members' experiences from Wuhan, China; Singapore; and the USA, so to provide advice to the nuclear medicine personnel for their clinical practice and management strategies in responding to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32179106, "pmcid": "PMC7102667", "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: what the department of endoscopy should know.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Repici, Alessandro", "Maselli, Roberta", "Colombo, Matteo", "Gabbiadini, Roberto", "Spadaccini, Marco", "Anderloni, Andrea", "Carrara, Silvia", "Fugazza, Alessandro", "Di Leo, Milena", "Galtieri, Piera Alessia", "Pellegatta, Gaia", "Ferrara, Elisa Chiara", "Azzolini, Elena", "Lagioia, Michele"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179106", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy recorded its first case of confirmed acute respiratory illness because of coronavirus on February 18, 2020, soon after the initial reports in China. Since that time, Italy and nations throughout the world have adopted very stringent and severe measures to protect populations from spread of infection. Despite these measures, the number of infected people is growing exponentially, with a significant number of patients developing acute respiratory insufficiency. Endoscopy departments face significant risk for diffusion of respiratory diseases that can be spread via an airborne route, including aspiration of oral and fecal material via endoscopes. The purpose of this article is to discuss the measures, with specific focus on personal protection equipment and dress code modalities, implemented in our hospital to prevent further dissemination of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32447797, "title": "The explosion in scabies cases during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kutlu, Omer", "Aktas, Habibullah"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447797", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219845, "pmcid": "PMC7228225", "title": "Responding to Covid-19: How to Navigate a Public Health Emergency Legally and Ethically.", "journal": "Hastings Cent Rep", "authors": ["Gostin, Lawrence O", "Friedman, Eric A", "Wetter, Sarah A"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219845", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few novel or emerging infectious diseases have posed such vital ethical challenges so quickly and dramatically as the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern and recently classified Covid-19 as a worldwide pandemic. As of this writing, the epidemic has not yet peaked in the United States, but community transmission is widespread. President Trump declared a national emergency as fifty governors declared state emergencies. In the coming weeks, hospitals will become overrun, stretched to their capacities. When the health system becomes stretched beyond capacity, how can we ethically allocate scarce health goods and services? How can we ensure that marginalized populations can access the care they need? What ethical duties do we owe to vulnerable people separated from their families and communities? And how do we ethically and legally balance public health with civil liberties?"}, {"pmid": 32434755, "title": "David Oliver: Covid-19 has made news out of old news.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Oliver, David"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434755", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295811, "title": "EMA advice on renin-angiotensin system medicines during covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Drug Ther Bull", "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295811", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Every month, DTB scans sources of information on treatments, disease management and other healthcare topics for key items to bring to our readers' attention and help them keep up to date. To do this, we produce succinct, contextualised summaries of the information concerned."}, {"pmid": 32461325, "title": "Anosmia and dysgeusia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an age-matched case-control study.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Carignan, Alex", "Valiquette, Louis", "Grenier, Cynthia", "Musonera, Jean Berchmans", "Nkengurutse, Delphin", "Marcil-Heguy, Anais", "Vettese, Kim", "Marcoux, Dominique", "Valiquette, Corinne", "Xiong, Wei Ting", "Fortier, Pierre-Hughes", "Genereux, Melissa", "Pepin, Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461325", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Anosmia and dysgeusia have been reported as potential symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019. This study aimed to confirm whether anosmia and dysgeusia are specific symptoms among those who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We conducted an age-matched case-control study in the Eastern Townships region of Quebec between Mar. 10 and Mar. 23, 2020. We included adults (age \u2265 18 yr) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cases were matched (1:1) according to 5-year age groups with control patents selected randomly from among all patients who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 during the same period. Demographic and laboratory information was collected from medical records. Clinical symptoms and comorbidities associated with anosmia and dysgeusia were obtained by telephone interview with a standardized questionnaire. Among 2883 people tested for SARS-CoV-2, we identified 134 positive cases (70 women [52.2%] and 64 men [47.8%]; median age 57.1 [interquartile range 41.2-64.5] yr). The symptoms independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity in conditional logistic regression were anosmia or dysgeusia or both (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 62.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 11.0-359.7), presence of myalgia (adjusted OR 7.6, 95% CI 1.9-29.9), blurred vision (adjusted OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.0-0.8) and chest pain (adjusted OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.0-0.6). We found a strong association between olfactory and gustatory symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 positivity. These symptoms should be considered as common and distinctive features of SARS-CoV-2 infection and should serve as an indication for testing and possible retesting of people whose first test result is negative."}, {"pmid": 32417159, "pmcid": "PMC7227540", "title": "Neuroradiological features in COVID-19 patients: First evidence in a complex scenario.", "journal": "J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Giorgianni, Andrea", "Vinacci, Gabriele", "Agosti, Edoardo", "Mercuri, Anna", "Baruzzi, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417159", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413616, "pmcid": "PMC7195073", "title": "Mental Health Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Conceptual Framework by Early Career Psychiatrists.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Ransing, Ramdas", "Adiukwu, Frances", "Pereira-Sanchez, Victor", "Ramalho, Rodrigo", "Orsolini, Laura", "Teixeira, Andre Luiz Schuh", "Gonzalez-Diaz, Jairo M", "Pinto da Costa, Mariana", "Soler-Vidal, Joan", "Bytyci, Drita Gashi", "El Hayek, Samer", "Larnaout, Amine", "Shalbafan, Mohammadreza", "Syarif, Zulvia", "Nofal, Marwa", "Kundadak, Ganesh Kudva"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413616", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of mental health (MH) problems during a pandemic is extremely common, though difficult to address due to the complexities of pandemics and the scarcity of evidence about the epidemiology of pandemic-related MH problems and the potential interventions to tackle them. Little attention has been devoted so far to this topic from policymakers, stakeholders and researchers, resulting in a lack of replicable, scalable and applicable frameworks to help plan, develop and deliver MH care during pandemics. As a response, we have attempted to develop a conceptual framework (CF) that could guide the development, implementation, and evaluation of MH interventions during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This CF was developed by early career psychiatrists from 16 countries that cover all the WHO regions. Their opinions were elicited via a semi-structured questionnaire. They were asked to provide their views about the current MH situation in their countries and to elaborate on existing 'myths' and misinformation. They were also asked to name the resources available and to propose solutions and approaches to provide accessible and affordable care. The CF was prepared based on the extant literature and the views discussed in this group; it illustrates the epidemiology of MH problems, preparedness plans, stage-specific plans or innovative solutions, opportunities to integrate those plans and possible outcomes at policy level. This CF can serve as a technical guide for future research regarding pandemics. It can be used to monitor trends and to optimize efforts, and to develop evidence based MH interventions. Still, further research focusing on the individual components of this framework is needed."}, {"pmid": 32333848, "pmcid": "PMC7176395", "title": "No SARS-CoV-2 detected in amniotic fluid in mid-pregnancy.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yu, Nan", "Li, Wei", "Kang, Qingling", "Zeng, Wanjiang", "Feng, Ling", "Wu, Jianli"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333848", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434340, "title": "On medical confidentiality (not only) in time of coronavirus.", "journal": "Cas Lek Cesk", "authors": ["Uherek, Pavel"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434340", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One of the compulsory secret exceptions derives from the situation within which the data about patient must be provided to the third person in the interest of his/her health protection. Despite some interpretation difficulties any providing information according to this legal exception is allowed only on the base of proved and re-examined facts. The state of emergency itself is not the base for the compulsory secret breach."}, {"pmid": 32329921, "pmcid": "PMC7264534", "title": "Spinal muscular atrophy care in the COVID-19 pandemic era.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Veerapandiyan, Aravindhan", "Connolly, Anne M", "Finkel, Richard S", "Arya, Kapil", "Mathews, Katherine D", "Smith, Edward C", "Castro, Diana", "Butterfield, Russell J", "Parsons, Julie A", "Servais, Laurent", "Kuntz, Nancy", "Rao, Vamshi K", "Brandsema, John F", "Mercuri, Eugenio", "Ciafaloni, Emma"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329921", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in reorganization of healthcare settings affecting the delivery of clinical care to patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). There is a concern that patients with SMA may be at increased risk of manifesting severe symptoms of COVID-19. Currently approved therapies for SMA improve survival and motor function; however, their delivery requires an increased exposure to the health system and a dedicated healthcare team. In this study, we discuss consensus recommendations pertaining to care of SMA patients during the pandemic. We highlight that SMA treatments should not be perceived as elective. Decisions regarding the delay of treatments should be made with consideration of the potential risks of COVID-19 exposure and the risk of that delay. We emphasize the importance of collaborative treatment decisions between the patient, family, and healthcare provider, considering any geographic- or institution-specific policies and precautions for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32169565, "pmcid": "PMC7129518", "title": "An Invited Commentary on \"World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)\": Emergency or new reality?", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Purcell, Laura N", "Charles, Anthony G"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169565", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429038, "title": "Prognosis of COVID-19 in Patients with Liver and Kidney Diseases: An Early Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Trop Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Oyelade, Tope", "Alqahtani, Jaber", "Canciani, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429038", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The mortality and severity in COVID-19 is increased in patients with comorbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients with underlying kidney and liver diseases. We retrieved data on the clinical features and primary composite end point of COVID-19 patients from Medline and Embase which had been released from inception by the April 16, 2020. The data on two comorbidities, liver diseases and chronic kidney disease, were pooled and statistically analysed to explain the associated severity and mortality rate. One hundred and forty-two abstracts were screened, and 41 full articles were then read. In total, 22 studies including 5595 COVID-19 patients were included in this study with case fatality rate of 16%. The prevalence of liver diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were 3% (95% CI; 2-3%) and 1% (95% CI; 1-2%), respectively. In patients with COVID-19 and underlying liver diseases, 57.33% (43/75) of cases were severe, with 17.65% mortality, while in CKD patients, 83.93% (47/56) of cases were severe and 53.33% (8/15) mortality was reported. This study found an increased risk of severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients with liver diseases or CKD. This will lead to better clinical management and inform the process of implementing more stringent preventative measures for this group of patients."}, {"pmid": 32468385, "pmcid": "PMC7255971", "title": "Musings on the current state of COVID-19 modeling and reporting.", "journal": "J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn", "authors": ["Bonate, Peter L"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468385", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407467, "pmcid": "PMC7239244", "title": "Clinical features and outcomes of HIV patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gervasoni, Cristina", "Meraviglia, Paola", "Riva, Agostino", "Giacomelli, Andrea", "Oreni, Letizia", "Minisci, Davide", "Atzori, Chiara", "Ridolfo, Annalisa", "Cattaneo, Dario"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407467", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is known about the clinical outcomes of HIV patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. We describe 47 patients referred to our hospital between 21 February and 16 April 2020 with proven/probable COVID-19, 45 (96%) of whom fully recovered and two died."}, {"pmid": 32360710, "pmcid": "PMC7251996", "title": "Admission hyperglycemia and radiological findings of SARS-CoV2 in patients with and without diabetes.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Iacobellis, Gianluca", "Penaherrera, Carlos A", "Bermudez, Luis E", "Bernal Mizrachi, Ernesto"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360710", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes emerged as major risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and adverse outcome in patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nevertheless, the role of admission hyperglycemia in patients with COVID-19 has not been well-explored, yet. With this retrospective analysis, we report for the first time that hyperglycemia on day-1 is the best predictor of radiographic imaging of SARS-CoV2, regardless of the past medical history of diabetes. Admission hyperglycemia should not be overlooked, but adequately treated to improve the outcomes of COVID-19 patients with our without diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32149770, "title": "High-throughput sequencing for confirmation of suspected 2019-nCoV infection identified by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Guan, Wen-Da", "Chen, Li-Ping", "Ye, Feng", "Ye, Dan", "Wu, Shi-Guan", "Zhou, Hong-Xia", "He, Jia-Yang", "Yang, Chun-Guang", "Zeng, Zhi-Qi", "Wang, Yu-Tao", "Li, Run-Feng", "Du, Qiu-Ling", "Liang, Xiao-Li", "Ma, Qin-Hai", "Yang, Zi-Feng"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149770", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305592, "pmcid": "PMC7162780", "title": "Alert to Potential Contagiousness: A Case of Lung Cancer With Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Ouyang, Wen", "Yu, Jing", "Zhang, Junhong", "Xie, Conghua"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305592", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418761, "pmcid": "PMC7211696", "title": "Re: Toward a consensus view in the management of acute facial injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Bertin, H", "Koudougou, C", "Marion, F", "Corre, P", "Deransy, R"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418761", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520291, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic beyond Health Sciences: reflections on its social determination.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Souza, Diego de Oliveira"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520291", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper aims to perform a theoretical reflection on the historical-social foundations of the COVID-19 pandemic. The \"capital worldization\", \"capital-imperialism\", \"space-time compression\", and \"structural crisis of capital\" categories are conjured from the historical materialistic-theoretical matrix, outlining a course that transcends the limits of Health Sciences to understand global health, of which the COVID-19 pandemic is an expression. We then return to the field of health, when the category of \"social determination of health\" allows elucidating the bases of the pandemic studied. We show that, other elements typical of the current phase of contemporary capitalism have become universal besides the SARS-CoV-2 characteristics or the dynamics of the rapid movement of people and objects around the world, unifying the health social determination process."}, {"pmid": 32289150, "title": "Caution Warranted: Using the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Model for Predicting the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Jewell, Nicholas P", "Lewnard, Joseph A", "Jewell, Britta L"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289150", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398871, "pmcid": "PMC7216123", "title": "Perspective: improving vitamin D status in the management of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Ebadi, Maryam", "Montano-Loza, Aldo J"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398871", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434277, "title": "Acral purpuric lesions (Erythema multiforme type) associated with thrombotic vasculopathy in a child during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Garcia-Gil, M F", "Garcia Garcia, M", "Monte Serrano, J", "Prieto-Torres, L", "Ara-Martin, M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434277", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418258, "title": "For Us, COVID-19 Is Personal.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Blanchard, Janice", "Haile-Mariam, Tenagne", "Powell, Natasha N", "Terry, Aisha", "Fair, Malika", "Wilder, Marcee", "Nakitende, Damali", "Lucas, Jared", "Davis, Griffin L", "Haywood, Yolanda"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418258", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283146, "pmcid": "PMC7195303", "title": "Evolutionary analysis of SARS-CoV-2: how mutation of Non-Structural Protein 6 (NSP6) could affect viral autophagy.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Benvenuto, Domenico", "Angeletti, Silvia", "Giovanetti, Marta", "Bianchi, Martina", "Pascarella, Stefano", "Cauda, Roberto", "Ciccozzi, Massimo", "Cassone, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283146", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a new coronavirus that has spread globally, infecting more than 150000 people, and being declared pandemic by the WHO. We provide here bio-informatic, evolutionary analysis of 351 available sequences of its genome with the aim of mapping genome structural variations and the patterns of selection. A Maximum likelihood tree has been built and selective pressure has been investigated in order to find any mutation developed during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic that could potentially affect clinical evolution of the infection. We have found in more recent isolates the presence of two mutations affecting the Non-Structural Protein 6 (NSP6) and the Open Reding Frame10 (ORF 10) adjacent regions. Amino acidic change stability analysis suggests both mutations could confer lower stability of the protein structures. One of the two mutations, likely developed within the genome during virus spread, could affect virus intracellular survival. Genome follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 spread is urgently needed in order to identify mutations that could significantly modify virus pathogenicity."}, {"pmid": 32396506, "title": "COVID-19 and Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Postpartum Patient.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Khodamoradi, Zohre", "Boogar, Shahrokh Sadeghi", "Shirazi, Farnaz Kamali Haghighi", "Kouhi, Pariya"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396506", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a 36-year-old woman in Iran who sought care for left shoulder pain and cough 5 days after a scheduled cesarean section. Acute pulmonary embolism and coronavirus disease were diagnosed. Physicians should be aware of the potential for these concurrent conditions in postpartum women."}, {"pmid": 32152082, "pmcid": "PMC7179632", "title": "Compounds with Therapeutic Potential against Novel Respiratory 2019 Coronavirus.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Martinez, Miguel Angel"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152082", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the expansion of the novel human respiratory coronavirus (known as SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], COVID-2019 [coronavirus disease 2019], or 2019-nCoV [2019 novel coronavirus]) has stressed the need for therapeutic alternatives to alleviate and stop this new epidemic. The previous epidemics of infections by high-morbidity human coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV in 2003 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, prompted the characterization of compounds that could be potentially active against the currently emerging novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The most promising compound is remdesivir (GS-5734), a nucleotide analog prodrug currently in clinical trials for treating Ebola virus infections. Remdesivir inhibited the replication of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in tissue cultures, and it displayed efficacy in nonhuman animal models. In addition, a combination of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon beta (LPV/RTV-IFN-\u03b2) was shown to be effective in patients infected with SARS-CoV. LPV/RTV-IFN-\u03b2 also improved clinical parameters in marmosets and mice infected with MERS-CoV. Remarkably, the therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir appeared to be superior to that of LPV/RTV-IFN-\u03b2 against MERS-CoV in a transgenic humanized mouse model. The relatively high mortality rates associated with these three novel human coronavirus infections, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, have suggested that proinflammatory responses might play a role in the pathogenesis. It remains unknown whether the generated inflammatory state should be targeted. Therapeutics that target the coronavirus alone might not be able to reverse highly pathogenic infections. This minireview aims to provide a summary of therapeutic compounds that have shown potential in fighting SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32359151, "pmcid": "PMC7197533", "title": "The novel coronavirus and challenges for general and paediatric dentists.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Singh, Vishwendra", "Lehl, Gurvanit K", "Talwar, Manjit", "Luthra, Ankur"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359151", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421150, "title": "Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV): An Unprecedented Partnership for Unprecedented Times.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Collins, Francis S", "Stoffels, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421150", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342047, "pmcid": "PMC7183963", "title": "Recommendation to Optimize Safety of Elective Surgical Care While Limiting the Spread of COVID-19: Primum Non Nocere.", "journal": "Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Gilat, Ron", "Haunschild, Eric D", "Tauro, Tracy", "Cole, Brian J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342047", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has drastically altered our lives in an unprecedented manner, shuttering industries, and leaving most of the country in isolation as we adapt to the evolving crisis. Orthopedic surgery has not been spared from these effects, with the postponement of elective procedures in an attempt to mitigate disease transmission and preserve hospital resources as the pandemic continues to expand. During these turbulent times, it is crucial to understand that while patient and care-providers safety is paramount, canceling or postponing essential surgical care is not without consequences, and may be irreversibly detrimental to a patient's health and quality of life in some cases. The optimal solution of how to effectively balance the resumption of standard surgical care while doing everything possible to limit the spread of COVID-19 is undetermined, and could include strategies such as social distancing, screening forms and tests including temperature screening, segregation of inpatient and outpatient teams, proper use of protective gear, and the use of ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) to provide elective, yet ultimately essential, surgical care while conserving resources and protecting the health of patients and health-care providers. Of importance, these recommendations do not and should not supersede evolving United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and relevant federal, state and local public health guidelines. Level of Evidence: Level V."}, {"pmid": 32478557, "title": "Moral and mental health challenges faced by maternity staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Horsch, Antje", "Lalor, Joan", "Downe, Soo"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478557", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic places maternity staff at risk of engaging in clinical practice that may be in direct contravention with evidence; professional recommendations; or, more profoundly, deeply held ethical or moral beliefs and values, as services attempt to control the risk of cross-infection. Practice changes in some settings include reduction in personal contacts for tests, treatments and antenatal and postnatal care, exclusion of birth partners for labor and birth, separation of mother and baby in the immediate postnatal period, restrictions on breastfeeding, and reduced capacity for hands-on professional labor support through social distancing and use of personal protective equipment. These enforced changes may result in increasing levels of occupational moral injury that need to be addressed at both an organizational and a personal level. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32281753, "title": "More questions than answers, and a way ahead", "journal": "G Ital Nefrol", "authors": ["La Manna, Gaetano"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281753", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451260, "pmcid": "PMC7211706", "title": "Preparedness and response to COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: Building on MERS experience.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Algaissi, Abdullah A", "Alharbi, Naif Khalaf", "Hassanain, Mazen", "Hashem, Anwar M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451260", "countries": ["China", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nearly four months have passed since the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the rapidly spreading Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To date, there have been more than 2.3 million confirmed cases and more than 160,000 deaths globally caused by COVID-19. Chinese health authorities, where the virus emerged, have taken prompt strict public health measures to control and prevent the spread of the outbreak. In Saudi Arabia, unprecedented precautionary strict measures were applied to prevent virus entry to the country or to mitigate its impact when it arrives. Here, we review the response of Saudi Arabia to COVID-19 pandemic and how did the experience learned from the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic since 2012 has helped the country to be better prepared for the current COVID-19 pandemic. We also discuss the country readiness, improvement in research and development, and the unprecedented rapid precautionary measures that have been taken by the Saudi government thus far."}, {"pmid": 32200613, "title": "COVID-19: gastrointestinal symptoms and potential sources of 2019-nCoV transmission.", "journal": "Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther", "authors": ["Kotfis, Katarzyna", "Skonieczna-Zydecka, Karolina"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200613", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A\u00a0new type of coronavirus, i.e. se-vere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; formerly known as 2019-nCoV) appeared in December 2019 in the province of Hubei, China, and over the past four months the number of cases of infection has exceeded 240,000 worldwide, leading to a\u00a0pandemia [1]. At the genetic level, 2019-nCoV is closely related to the SARS-CoV and, to a\u00a0lesser extent, to MERS-CoV, which appeared as epidemiological threats in recent years in China and the Middle East, respectively. Infections with the Coronaviridae virus family in a\u00a0small percentage of patients, especially in those over 60 years of age with a\u00a0positive clinical history, lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome [2]."}, {"pmid": 32366612, "title": "Early Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Manifesting With Hypoxemia Requiring Respiratory Support.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Sinelli, M T", "Paterlini, G", "Citterio, M", "Di Marco, A", "Fedeli, T", "Ventura, M L"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366612", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388565, "pmcid": "PMC7239195", "title": "Circulating plasma concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in men and women with heart failure and effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Sama, Iziah E", "Ravera, Alice", "Santema, Bernadet T", "van Goor, Harry", "Ter Maaten, Jozine M", "Cleland, John G F", "Rienstra, Michiel", "Friedrich, Alex W", "Samani, Nilesh J", "Ng, Leong L", "Dickstein, Kenneth", "Lang, Chim C", "Filippatos, Gerasimos", "Anker, Stefan D", "Ponikowski, Piotr", "Metra, Marco", "van Veldhuisen, Dirk J", "Voors, Adriaan A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388565", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infects a wide age group but predominantly elderly individuals, especially men and those with cardiovascular disease. Recent reports suggest an association with use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a functional receptor for coronaviruses. Higher ACE2 concentrations might lead to increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 in patients on RAAS inhibitors. We measured ACE2 concentrations in 1485 men and 537 women with heart failure (index cohort). Results were validated in 1123 men and 575 women (validation cohort).The median age was 69 years for men and 75 years for women. The strongest predictor of elevated concentrations of ACE2 in both cohorts was male sex (estimate = 0.26, P < 0.001; and 0.19, P < 0.001, respectively). In the index cohort, use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) was not an independent predictor of plasma ACE2. In the validation cohort, ACE inhibitor (estimate = -0.17, P = 0.002) and ARB use (estimate = -0.15, P = 0.03) were independent predictors of lower plasma ACE2, while use of an MRA (estimate = 0.11, P = 0.04) was an independent predictor of higher plasma ACE2 concentrations. In two independent cohorts of patients with heart failure, plasma concentrations of ACE2 were higher in men than in women, but use of neither an ACE inhibitor nor an ARB was associated with higher plasma ACE2 concentrations. These data might explain the higher incidence and fatality rate of COVID-19 in men, but do not support previous reports suggesting that ACE inhibitors or ARBs increase the vulnerability for COVID-19 through increased plasma ACE2 concentrations."}, {"pmid": 32427915, "title": "How environmental racism is fuelling the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Washington, Harriet A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427915", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441149, "title": "Endoscopic sinus and skullbase surgery in pediatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Giovannetti, Filippo", "Priore, Paolo", "Scagnet, Mirko", "Mussa, Federico", "Raponi, Ingrid", "Valentini, Valentino", "Genitori, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441149", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227844, "title": "Is Regional Anesthesia Safe Enough in Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Patients?", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Aminnejad, Reza", "Shafiee, Hamed"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227844", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250468, "title": "Movement Disorders in the World of COVID-19.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Stoessl, A Jon", "Bhatia, Kailash P", "Merello, Marcello"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250468", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467176, "title": "CONTROLS TO MINIMIZE DISRUPTION OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLY CHAIN DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.", "journal": "PDA J Pharm Sci Technol", "authors": ["Cundell, Anthony M", "Guilfoyle, Dennis Edward", "Kreil, T R", "Sawant, Anil"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467176", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article reviews currently available scientific literature related to the epidemiology, infectivity, survival, and susceptibility to disinfectants of Coronaviruses, in the context of the controls established to meet Good Manufacturing Practice regulations and guidance, and the public health guidance issued specifically to combat the Covid-19 pandemic. The possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pharmaceutical supply chain is assessed and recommendations are listed for risk mitigation steps to minimize supply disruption to pharmaceutical drug products. Areas addressed include a brief history of the COVID-19 viral pandemic, a description of the virus, the regulatory response to the pandemic, the screening of employees, the persistence on inanimate surfaces, cleaning and disinfection of manufacturing facilities, use of GMP-mandated personal protective equipment to counter the spread of the disease, the role of air changes in viral clearance, approaches to risk assessment and mitigation. Biological medicinal products have a great record of safety, yet the cell cultures used for production can be susceptible to viruses, and contamination events have occurred. Studies on SARS-CoV-1 for its ability to replicate in various mammalian cell lines used for biopharmaceutical manufacturing suggest SARS-CoV-2 poses low risk and any contamination would be detected by currently used adventitious virus testing. The consequences of the potential virus exposure of manufacturing processes, as well as the effectiveness of mitigation efforts are discussed. The pharmaceutical supply chain is complex, traversing many geographies and companies that range from large multinationals to mid and small size operations. This paper recommends practices that can be adopted by all companies, irrespective of their size, geographic location, or position in the supply chain."}, {"pmid": 32425182, "title": "[Risk communication during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons for lifestyle interventions in cardiovascular prevention].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Angelino, Elisabetta", "Ambrosetti, Marco", "Fattirolli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425182", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lifestyle is a cornerstone of cardiovascular prevention and the process of risk communication constitutes an important step to obtain favorable changes in daily habits. Nevertheless, there is no definite consensus on how health operators should provide information on cardiovascular risk, and several models have been proposed in different settings. The current COVID-19 pandemic - with related communication strategies to reduce the spread of the disease and morbidity - may offer an interesting opportunity to reconsider communication in cardiovascular prevention: even though cardiovascular conditions are not communicable diseases, both COVID-19 and cardiac illnesses force a huge segment of the population to major lifestyle changes. This narrative commentary describes similarities between these conditions, mainly focusing on modalities of risk communication, strategies to counteract fake news, actions to enhance the expertise of health operators, and finally on new skills that could derive as a lesson from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32442265, "title": "Characterization of an asymptomatic cohort of SARS-COV-2 infected individuals outside of Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Yubo", "Tong, Jin", "Qin, Yalan", "Xie, Ting", "Li, Jianghua", "Li, Jianrong", "Xiang, Jianhua", "Cui, Yong", "Higgs, Elizabeth S", "Xiang, Jianglin", "He, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442265", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome\u00a0coronavirus\u00a02 (SARS-CoV-2, resulting in the coronavirus disease COVID-19) is highly transmissible among people. Asymptomatic infections are also an important source of infection. Here, we aimed to further clarify the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. We identified close contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases in northeast Chongqing who were RT-PCR+ yet remained asymptomatic throughout their infections. We stratified this cohort by normal versus abnormal findings on chest CT, and compared the strata regarding comorbidities, demographics, laboratory findings, viral transmission and other factors. Between January and March, 2020, we identified and hospitalized 279 RT-PCR+ contacts of COVID-19 patients. Of these, 63 (23%) remained asymptomatic until discharge; 29 had abnormal and 34 had normal chest CT findings. The mean cohort age was 39.3 years, and 87.3% had no comorbidities. Mean time to diagnosis after close contact with a COVID-19 index patient was 16.0 days (range 1 to 29), and 13.4 days and 18.7 days for those with abnormal and normal CT findings, respectively (p < 0.05). Nine subjects (14.3%) transmitted the virus to others; 4 and 5 were in the abnormal and normal CT strata, respectively. The median length of nucleic acid turning negative in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients was 13 days, compared to 10.4 days in those with normal chest CT (p < 0.05). A portion of these asymptomatic individuals, with and without abnormal chest CT scans, were capable of transmitting the virus to others. Given the frequency and potential infectiousness of asymptomatic infections, testing of traced contacts is essential. Studies of the impact of treatment on asymptomatic RT-PCR+ individuals on disease progression and transmission should be undertaken."}, {"pmid": 32303518, "title": "Covid-19: Government cannot say whether NHS will run out of protective gowns this weekend.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303518", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316830, "title": "COVID-19 FAQ's in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery.", "journal": "World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg", "authors": ["Levy, Emily", "Blumenthal, Jennifer", "Chiotos, Kathleen", "Dearani, Joseph A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316830", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342570, "pmcid": "PMC7267427", "title": "Overview of COVID-19 testing and implications for otolaryngologists.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Vinh, Daniel B", "Zhao, Xiao", "Kiong, Kimberley L", "Guo, Theresa", "Jozaghi, Yelda", "Yao, Chris", "Kelley, James M", "Hanna, Ehab"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342570", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Testing for SARS-CoV-2 is important for decision making prior to surgery in otolaryngology. An understanding of current and developing testing methods is important for interpreting test results. We performed a literature review of current evidence surrounding SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing highlighting its utility, limitations, and implications for otolaryngologists. The currently accepted RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 has varying sensitivity according to which subsite of the aerodigestive tract is sampled. Nasal swab sensitivities appear to be about 70%. Chest CT imaging for screening purposes is not currently recommended. Due to the current sensitivity of RT-PCR based testing for SARS-CoV-2, a negative test cannot rule out COVID-19. Full PPE should be worn during high-risk procedures such as aerosol generating procedures even if testing is negative. Patients who test positive during screening should have their surgeries postponed if possible until asymptomatic and have tested negative for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32340107, "pmcid": "PMC7215737", "title": "The Use of Digital Health in the Detection and Management of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Alwashmi, Meshari F"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340107", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Digital health is uniquely positioned to enhance the way we detect and manage infectious diseases. This commentary explores the potential of implementing digital technologies that can be used at different stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, including data-driven disease surveillance, screening, triage, diagnosis, and monitoring. Methods that could potentially reduce the exposure of healthcare providers to the virus are also discussed."}, {"pmid": 32526673, "title": "Corona-associated suicide - Observations made in the autopsy room.", "journal": "Leg Med (Tokyo)", "authors": ["Buschmann, C", "Tsokos, M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526673", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385125, "title": "Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain 'social distancing' in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: key principles.", "journal": "J Epidemiol Community Health", "authors": ["Bonell, Chris", "Michie, Susan", "Reicher, Stephen", "West, Robert", "Bear, Laura", "Yardley, Lucy", "Curtis, Val", "Amlot, Richard", "Rubin, G James"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385125", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291266, "title": "Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis in Covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sperrin, Matthew", "Grant, Stuart W", "Peek, Niels"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291266", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516041, "title": "The quest to find an effective vaccine for COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Glasper, Alan"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516041", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, delves into history and discusses the international quest to develop an effective vaccine to tackle COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32307516, "pmcid": "PMC7188143", "title": "Psychological support in times of COVID-19: the Essen community-based CoPE concept.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Bauerle, Alexander", "Skoda, Eva-Maria", "Dorrie, Nora", "Bottcher, Juliane", "Teufel, Martin"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307516", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS CoV-2-virus (COVID-19) pandemic is pushing national and international structures to their limits. Little is known about treatment options to combat the novel virus, but the same applies to the effects of COVID-19 on people's mental health. In Germany, as in many other countries, governmental actions impact peoples' individual freedom. These highly necessary actions to slow down the spread of the virus, however, are a burden to the community. We established a structured concept to support psychological burdened people in Essen, which is located in the Ruhr area, a metropolitan region with more than 5.1 million inhabitants in the heart of the federal state North Rhine Westphalia. The psychological burden following the spread of the virus and individual restrictions should not be neglected."}, {"pmid": 32416767, "pmcid": "PMC7255278", "title": "COVID-19 response in the Middle East and north Africa: challenges and paths forward.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Karamouzian, Mohammad", "Madani, Navid"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416767", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354663, "pmcid": "PMC7141636", "title": "COVID-19 and ART: the view of the Italian Society of Fertility and Sterility and Reproductive Medicine.", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Vaiarelli, Alberto", "Bulletti, Carlo", "Cimadomo, Danilo", "Borini, Andrea", "Alviggi, Carlo", "Ajossa, Silvia", "Anserini, Paola", "Gennarelli, Gianluca", "Guido, Maurizio", "Levi-Setti, Paolo E", "Palagiano, Antonio", "Palermo, Roberto", "Savasi, Valeria", "Pellicer, Antonio", "Rienzi, Laura", "Ubaldi, Filippo M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented global situation. As assisted reproductive technology (ART) specialists, we should be cautious, carefully monitoring the situation while contributing by sharing novel evidence to counsel our patients, both pregnant women and would-be mothers. Time to egg collection and drop-out rates are critical parameters for scheduling treatments once the curve of infections has peaked and plateaued in each country. In order to reduce the values for these two parameters, infertile patients now require even more support from their IVF team: urgent oocyte collection for oncology patients must be guaranteed, and oocyte retrievals for women of advanced maternal age and/or reduced ovarian reserve cannot be postponed indefinitely. This document represents the position of the Italian Society of Fertility and Sterility and Reproductive Medicine (SIFES-MR) in outlining ART priorities during and after this emergency."}, {"pmid": 32284798, "pmcid": "PMC7136675", "title": "How should front-line general practitioners use personal protective equipment (PPE)?", "journal": "Malays Fam Physician", "authors": ["Ambigapathy, S", "Rajahram, G S", "Shamsudin, U K", "Khoo, E M", "Cheah, W K", "Peariasamy, K M", "Goh, P P", "Khor, S K"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284798", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve with the number of cases increasing in Malaysia, placing a significant burden on general practitioners (GPs) to assess and manage suspected cases. GPs must be well equipped with knowledge to set up their clinics, use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) appropriately, adopt standard protocols on triaging and referrals, as well as educate patients about PPE. The correct use of PPE will help GPs balance between personal safety and appropriate levels of public concern."}, {"pmid": 32343968, "pmcid": "PMC7195070", "title": "Use of Tocilizumab for COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Cautionary Case Report.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Radbel, Jared", "Narayanan, Navaneeth", "Bhatt, Pinki J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343968", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, COVID-19 has become a pandemic affecting more than 1.5 million people worldwide. Patients with COVID-19 have a wide spectrum of manifestations, one being cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and its fatal correlate, secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). Anti-cytokine therapy such as tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, is a potential treatment for COVID-19; however, data regarding the efficacy of this anti-IL-6 therapy are currently lacking. We report two cases of patients who received a diagnosis of COVID-19 complicated by CRS and were treated with tocilizumab. Both patients progressed to sHLH despite treatment with tocilizumab, and one developed viral myocarditis, challenging the safety and clinical usefulness of tocilizumab in the treatment of COVID-19-induced CRS. These cases highlight the need for clinical trials to determine optimal patient selection and timing for the use of tocilizumab during this disease process."}, {"pmid": 32442842, "pmcid": "PMC7214341", "title": "Modelling the evolution trajectory of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: experience and suggestions.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Liu, M", "Ning, J", "Du, Y", "Cao, J", "Zhang, D", "Wang, J", "Chen, M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442842", "countries": ["Italy", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city, China, which has subsequently led to a global pandemic. At the time of writing, COVID-19 in Wuhan appears to be in the final phase and under control. However, many other countries, especially the US, Italy and Spain, are still in the early phases and dealing with increasing cases every day. Therefore, this article aims to summarise and share the experience of controlling the spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan and provide effective suggestions to enable other countries to save lives. Data from the National Health Commission of China are used to investigate the evolution trajectory of COVID-19 in Wuhan and discuss the impacts of the intervention strategies. A four-stage modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model is presented. This model considers many influencing factors, including chunyun (the Spring festival), sealing off the city and constructing the Fangcang shelter hospitals. In addition, a novel method is proposed to address the abnormal data on 12-13 February as a result of changing diagnostic criteria. Four different scenarios are considered to capture different intervention measures in practice. The exposed population in Wuhan who moved out before sealing off the city have also been identified, and an analysis on where they had gone was performed using the Baidu Migration Index. The results demonstrate that the four-stage model was effective in forecasting the peak, size and duration of COVID-19. We found that the combined intervention measures are the only effective way to control the spread and not a single one of them can be omitted. We estimate that England will be another epicentre owing to its incorrect response at the initial stages of COVID-19. Fortunately, big data technology can help provide early warnings to new areas of the pandemic. The four-stage SEIR model was effective in capturing the evolution trajectory of COVID-19. Based on the model analysis, several effective suggestions are proposed to prevent and control the pandemic for countries that are still in the initial phases."}, {"pmid": 32533615, "title": "Incidental COVID-19 in a Heart-Kidney Transplant Recipient with Malnutrition and Recurrent Infections: Implications for the SARS-CoV-2 Immune Response.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Serrano, Oscar K", "Kutzler, Heather L", "Rochon, Caroline", "Radojevic, Joseph A", "Lawlor, Michael T", "Hammond, Jonathan A", "Gluck, Jason", "Feingold, Andrew D", "Jaiswal, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533615", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical course and outcomes of immunocompromised patients, such as transplant recipients, with COVID-19 remains unclear. It has been postulated that a substantial portion of the disease burden seems to be mediated by the host immune activation to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein, we present a simultaneous heart-kidney transplant (SHKT) recipient who was hospitalized for the management of respiratory failure from volume overload complicated by failure to thrive, multiple opportunistic infections, and open non-healing wounds in the setting of worsening renal dysfunction weeks prior to the first case of SARS-CoV-2 being detected in the state of Connecticut. After his third endotracheal intubation, routine nucleic acid testing (NAT) for SARS-CoV-2, in anticipation of a planned tracheostomy, was positive. His hemodynamics, respiratory status and ventilator requirements remained stable without any worsening for 4 weeks until he had a negative NAT test. It is possible that the immunocompromised status of our patient may have prevented significant immune activation leading up to clinically-significant cytokine storm that could have resulted in acute respiratory distress syndrome and multisystem organ failure."}, {"pmid": 32452355, "title": "COVID-19: the new challenge for rheumatologists. First update.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Ferro, Francesco", "Elefante, Elena", "Puxeddu, Ilaria", "Baldini, Chiara", "Bartoloni, Elena", "Barate, Claudia", "Galimberti, Sara", "Talarico, Rosaria", "Mosca, Marta", "Bombardieri, Stefano"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452355", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227757, "title": "Developing Covid-19 Vaccines at Pandemic Speed.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Lurie, Nicole", "Saville, Melanie", "Hatchett, Richard", "Halton, Jane"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227757", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32214232, "pmcid": "PMC7095422", "title": "Management of IBD during the COVID-19 outbreak: resetting clinical priorities.", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Danese, Silvio", "Cecconi, Maurizio", "Spinelli, Antonino"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32214232", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459603, "title": "Social distancing: how religion, culture and burial ceremony undermine the effort to curb COVID-19 in South Africa.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Jaja, Ishmael Festus", "Anyanwu, Madubuike Umunna", "Iwu Jaja, Chinwe-Juliana"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459603", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221023, "title": "COVID-19 Global Pandemic: Options for Management of Gynecologic Cancers.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Ramirez, Pedro T", "Chiva, Luis", "Eriksson, Ane Gerda Z", "Frumovitz, Michael", "Fagotti, Anna", "Gonzalez Martin, Antonio", "Jhingran, Anuja", "Pareja, Rene"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221023", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502319, "title": "\"Not Wars, Water pumps\" - From emotive to rational language in managing the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Stedman, Mike", "Davies, Mark", "Heald, Adrian"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502319", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the date of writing this editorial, there is now agreement amongst experts that the first wave of the United Kingdom's (UK) COVID-19 pandemic is in decline (1). The number of deaths reported each day is now around 1% of the cumulative total and falling. In general, the approach to predicting pandemic policy has been through a comparison of inter-country performance in managing this crisis. While all countries are paying a high price in economic slowdown and lives lost, the health consequences in terms of cases and deaths have varied considerably. Countries with lower relative mortality and infection numbers have shown a more structured logical approach to pandemic management."}, {"pmid": 32222812, "pmcid": "PMC7101866", "title": "Surviving Sepsis Campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Alhazzani, Waleed", "Moller, Morten Hylander", "Arabi, Yaseen M", "Loeb, Mark", "Gong, Michelle Ng", "Fan, Eddy", "Oczkowski, Simon", "Levy, Mitchell M", "Derde, Lennie", "Dzierba, Amy", "Du, Bin", "Aboodi, Michael", "Wunsch, Hannah", "Cecconi, Maurizio", "Koh, Younsuck", "Chertow, Daniel S", "Maitland, Kathryn", "Alshamsi, Fayez", "Belley-Cote, Emilie", "Greco, Massimiliano", "Laundy, Matthew", "Morgan, Jill S", "Kesecioglu, Jozef", "McGeer, Allison", "Mermel, Leonard", "Mammen, Manoj J", "Alexander, Paul E", "Arrington, Amy", "Centofanti, John E", "Citerio, Giuseppe", "Baw, Bandar", "Memish, Ziad A", "Hammond, Naomi", "Hayden, Frederick G", "Evans, Laura", "Rhodes, Andrew"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222812", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting thousands of people around the world. Urgent guidance for clinicians caring for the sickest of these patients is needed. We formed a panel of 36 experts from 12 countries. All panel members completed the World Health Organization conflict of interest disclosure form. The panel proposed 53 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 in the ICU. We searched the literature for direct and indirect evidence on the management of COVID-19 in critically ill patients in the ICU. We identified relevant and recent systematic reviews on most questions relating to supportive care. We assessed the certainty in the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, then generated recommendations based on the balance between benefit and harm, resource and cost implications, equity, and feasibility. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of best practice recommendations. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign COVID-19 panel issued 54 statements, of which 4 are best practice statements, 9 are strong recommendations, and 35 are weak recommendations. No recommendation was provided for 6 questions. The topics were: (1) infection control, (2) laboratory diagnosis and specimens, (3) hemodynamic support, (4) ventilatory support, and (5) COVID-19 therapy. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign COVID-19 panel issued several recommendations to help support healthcare workers caring for critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. When available, we will provide new recommendations in further releases of these guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32386807, "pmcid": "PMC7195105", "title": "COVID-19 response and containment strategies in the US, South Korea, and Iceland: Lessons learned and future directions.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Sen-Crowe, Brendon", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386807", "countries": ["United States", "Iceland", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338164, "pmcid": "PMC7222627", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) targeting: an in silico perspective.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Elfiky, Abdo A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338164", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New treatment against SARS-CoV-2 now is a must. Nowadays, the world encounters a huge health crisis by the COVID-19 viral infection. Nucleotide inhibitors gave a lot of promising results in terms of its efficacy against different viral infections. In this work, molecular modeling, docking, and dynamics simulations are used to build a model for the viral protein RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and test its binding affinity to some clinically approved drugs and drug candidates. Molecular dynamics is used to equilibrate the system upon binding calculations to ensure the successful reproduction of previous results, to include the dynamics of the RdRp, and to understand how it affects the binding. The results show the effectiveness of Sofosbuvir, Ribavirin, Galidesivir, Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Cefuroxime, Tenofovir, and Hydroxychloroquine, in binding to SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. Additionally, Setrobuvir, YAK, and IDX-184, show better results, while four novel IDX-184 derivatives show promising results in attaching to the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. There is an urgent need to specify drugs that can selectively bind and subsequently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The availability of a punch of FDA-approved anti-viral drugs can help us in this mission, aiming to reduce the danger of COVID-19. The compounds 2 and 3 may tightly bind to the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and so may be successful in the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32267383, "title": "Food (in)security in Brazil in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Oliveira, Tatiana Coura", "Abranches, Monise Viana", "Lana, Raquel Martins"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267383", "countries": ["Brazil"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367636, "title": "Comment on: \"Early advice on managing children with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic and a call for sharing experiences\".", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Verdu-Amoros, Jaime", "Bautista, Francisco", "Rubio-San-Simon, Alba", "Grasa Lozano, Carlos D", "Madero, Luis", "de Rojas, Teresa"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367636", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336959, "pmcid": "PMC7171388", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and intravascular volume management strategies in the critically ill.", "journal": "Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)", "authors": ["Kazory, Amir", "Ronco, Claudio", "McCullough, Peter A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336959", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread across the globe, and millions of people may be affected. While knowledge regarding epidemiologic features and diagnostic tools of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly evolving, uncertainties surrounding various aspects of its optimal management strategies persist. A subset of these patients develop a more severe form of the disease characterized by expanding pulmonary lesions, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and respiratory failure. Due to lack of data on treatment strategies specific to this subset of patients, currently available evidence on management of the critically ill needs to be extrapolated and customized to their clinical needs. The article calls attention to fluid stewardship in the critically ill with COVID-19 by judiciously applying the evidence-based resuscitation principles to their specific clinical features such as high rates of cardiac injury. As we await more data from treating these patients, this strategy is likely to help reduce potential complications."}, {"pmid": 32028773, "title": "Fighting the novel coronavirus: the publication of the Chinese expert consensus on the perinatal and neonatal management for the prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (First edition).", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32028773", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382731, "pmcid": "PMC7239129", "title": "In Reply: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Global Pandemic: A Neurosurgical Treatment Algorithm.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Schiariti, Marco", "Restelli, Francesco", "Broggi, Morgan", "Acerbi, Francesco", "Ferroli, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382731", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424841, "title": "Not Wasting a Crisis: How Geriatrics Clinical Research Can Remain Engaged During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Goh, Eileen Fabia", "Tan, Cai Ning", "Pek, Kalene", "Leong, Siyun", "Wong, Wei Chin", "Lim, Wee Shiong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424841", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333222, "pmcid": "PMC7180649", "title": "The genetic sequence, origin, and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Huihui", "Li, Xuemei", "Li, Tao", "Zhang, Shubing", "Wang, Lianzi", "Wu, Xian", "Liu, Jiaqing"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333222", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a new infectious disease that first emerged in Hubei province, China, in December 2019, which was found to be associated with a large seafood and animal market in Wuhan. Airway epithelial cells from infected patients were used to isolate a novel coronavirus, named the SARS-CoV-2, on January 12, 2020, which is the seventh member of the coronavirus family to infect humans. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length genome sequences obtained from infected patients showed that SARS-CoV-2 is similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and uses the same cell entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as SARS-CoV. The possible person-to-person disease rapidly spread to many provinces in China as well as other countries. Without a therapeutic vaccine or specific antiviral drugs, early detection and isolation become essential against novel Coronavirus. In this review, we introduced current diagnostic methods and criteria for the SARS-CoV-2 in China and discuss the advantages and limitations of the current diagnostic methods, including chest imaging and laboratory detection."}, {"pmid": 32281679, "pmcid": "PMC7262166", "title": "COVID-19: Herd Immunity and Convalescent Plasma Transfer Therapy.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Syal, Kirtimaan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281679", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide triggering a pandemic. Its first case was reported in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province, and since then it has spread across world becoming one of the worst pandemics in the history of mankind1 . Its basic reproductive number (R0 ) has been determined to be 2-32 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32408721, "title": "Global Neurosurgery in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurospine", "authors": ["Park, Kee B", "Kanmounye, Ulrick Sidney", "Lartigue, Jean Wilguens"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408721", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359882, "title": "Addressing Problems With Alcohol and Other Substances Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Satre, Derek D", "Hirschtritt, Matthew E", "Silverberg, Michael J", "Sterling, Stacy A"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496518, "title": "Letter: COVID-19 Pandemic-The Bystander Effect on Stroke Care in Michigan.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Pandey, Aditya S", "Daou, Badih J", "Tsai, Jenny P", "Zaidi, Syed F", "Salahuddin, Hisham", "Gemmete, Joseph J", "Oliver, Marion J", "Singer, Justin", "Elder, Theresa A", "Mbabuike, Nnenna", "Adel, Joseph G", "Gujrati, Yogesh", "Saleemi, Muhammad Adeel", "Siddiqui, Fazeel M", "Elias, Augusto E", "Rehman, Mohammed F", "Marin, Horia", "Chebl, Alex B", "Kole, Maximillian", "Wilseck, Jeffrey M", "Kazmierczak, Chris D", "Mick, James M", "Majjhoo, Aniel Q", "Naravetla, Bharath R", "Rayes, Mahmoud", "Luqman, Ali W", "Richards, Boyd F", "Kelkar, Prashant", "Burgess, Richard", "Thompson, B Gregory", "Chaudhary, Neeraj", "Mazaris, Paul A", "Qahwash, Omar", "Razak, M Anmar", "Jumaa, Mouhammad A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496518", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355556, "pmcid": "PMC7180007", "title": "Impact of coronavirus outbreak on psychological health.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Khan, Suliman", "Siddique, Rabeea", "Li, Hongmin", "Ali, Ashaq", "Shereen, Muhammad Adnan", "Bashir, Nadia", "Xue, Mengzhou"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355556", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491949, "title": "Understanding the age divide in COVID-19: Why are children overwhelmingly spared?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Lingappan, Krithika", "Karmouty-Quintana, Harry", "Davies, Jonathan", "Akkanti, Bindu", "Harting, Matthew T"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491949", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid emergence and subsequent global dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 Disease (COVID-19) has resulted in over 4 million cases worldwide. The disease has a marked predilection for adults, and children are relatively spared. Understanding the age-based differences in pathophysiological pathways and processes relevant to the onset and progression of disease both in the clinical course and in experimental disease models may hold the key to the identification of therapeutic targets. The differences in the clinical course are highlighted by the lack of progression of the SARS-CoV-2 infection beyond mild symptoms in a majority of children, while in adults, the disease progresses to acute lung injury and an ARDS-like phenotype with high mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to decreased lung injury in children may involve the decreased expression of the mediators necessary for viral entry into the respiratory epithelium and differences in the immune system responses in children. Specifically, decreased expression of proteins, including angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in the airway epithelium in children may prevent viral entry. The immune system differences may include a relative preponderance of CD4+T-cells, decreased neutrophil infiltration, decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased production of immunomodulatory cytokines in children compared to adults. Notably, the developing lung in children may have a greater capacity to recover and repair after viral infection. Understanding the relative contribution of the above processes to the protective phenotype in the developing lung can guide the trial of the appropriate therapies in adults."}, {"pmid": 32386435, "pmcid": "PMC7272961", "title": "Urticarial eruption in coronavirus disease 2019 infection: a case report in Tangerang, Indonesia.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Gunawan, C", "Angela, A", "Widysanto, A"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386435", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299519, "pmcid": "PMC7198459", "title": "COVID-19: Protecting Healthcare Workers is a priority.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chirico, Francesco", "Nucera, Gabriella", "Magnavita, Nicola"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299519", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361325, "pmcid": "PMC7194790", "title": "COVID-19 in Vietnam: A lesson of pre-preparation.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Quach, Ha-Linh", "Hoang, Ngoc-Anh"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361325", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vietnam was slowing the spread of COVID-19 to 200 cases by the end of March. From perspective of a relatively vulnerable healthcare systems, timely interventions were implemented to different stage of pandemic progress to limit the spread. The authors compiled literature on different public health measures in Vietnam in compared to the progression of COVID-19 from January to March 2020. Three stages of pandemic progression of COVID-19 were recorded in Vietnam. At 213 confirmed cases under treatment and isolation, a range of interventions were enforced including intensive and expansive contact, mass testing, isolation, and sterilization. Many were in place before any case were reported. Preparation were key for Vietnam's healthcare system in the ever-changing landscape of COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32250408, "title": "Critical Illness in Patients With COVID-19: Mounting an Effective Clinical and Research Response.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Cook, Deborah J", "Marshall, John C", "Fowler, Robert A"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250408", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453077, "pmcid": "PMC7268867", "title": "FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Mantle Cell Lymphoma and COVID-19: Typical Findings.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Playe, Margot", "Siavellis, Justine", "Braun, Thorsten", "Soussan, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453077", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 52-year-old woman with no medical history was admitted on March 18, 2020, presenting since 3 days asthenia, abdominal pain, and dry cough but no fever. Adenomegalies, splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and elevated LDH suggested mature lymphoproliferation. Considering the current health context, an RT-PCR testing for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) was performed and found to be positive. Early chest CT showed no sign of pulmonary infection but multiple adenomegalies. An F-FDG PET/CT performed 5 days later to assess the extent of the hemopathy revealed the apparition of FDG-avid bilateral ground glass and subpleural curvilinear opacities suggesting COVID-19-associated pneumopathy."}, {"pmid": 32342191, "pmcid": "PMC7184819", "title": "FDG-PET/CT findings highly suspicious for COVID-19 in an Italian case series of asymptomatic patients.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Setti, Lucia", "Kirienko, Margarita", "Dalto, Serena Camilla", "Bonacina, Manuela", "Bombardieri, Emilio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342191", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To illustrate the [18F]FDG-PET/CT findings in patients affected by cancer with clinical diagnosis of Covid-19 METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of patients who showed pulmonary involvement unrelated to cancer metastases on March 13 and 16 2020. We reviewed the scans, collected medical history, and exposure information. Among the 13 scans, we identified 5 cases with imaging findings suspicious for viral infection. Peripheral lung consolidations and/or ground-glass opacities in two or more lobes were found. Lung abnormalities displayed increased [18F]FDG uptake (SUVmax 4.3-11.3). All the patients on the day of PET/CT acquisition were asymptomatic, and they did not have fever or cough. In view of the PET/CT findings, home isolation, symptom surveillance, and treatment (in 3/5 patients) were indicated. At 1-week follow-up, 2/5 patients experienced the onset of mild respiratory symptoms. The [18F]FDG-PET/CT can identify probable Covid-19 disease in the absence or before symptoms onset and can guide patient management. Nuclear medicine staff needs to be aware of the possibility of contact with patients affected by the SARS-CoV-2 infection even if they do not present any symptom. Therefore, safety measures need to be adopted for other patients and hospital staff in order to block the spread of infection."}, {"pmid": 32340583, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: overview of protective-ventilation strategy in ARDS patients.", "journal": "Acta Clin Belg", "authors": ["Higny, Julien", "Feye, Frederic", "Foret, Frederic"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340583", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives: In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, the aim of this manuscript is to provide a standard of care of patients with ARDS for non-emergency medicine trained physicians who are not customary with mechanical ventilation.Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature to investigate the best practice recommendations regarding the mechanical ventilation of patients with ARDS.Conclusion: We summarized the principal strategies for lung-protective ventilation of patients with ARDS. This focus is particularly addressed to physicians who are not experienced in the invasive respiratory management of ARDS patients. Nevertheless, it remains fundamental to acknowledge that new insights concerning this quickly spreading illness become available on a regular base."}, {"pmid": 32533957, "title": "Individualizing risk prediction for positive COVID-19 testing: results from 11,672 patients.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Jehi, Lara", "Ji, Xinge", "Milinovich, Alex", "Erzurum, Serpil", "Rubin, Brian", "Gordon, Steve", "Young, James", "Kattan, Michael W"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533957", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is sweeping the globe. Despite multiple case-series, actionable knowledge to proactively tailor decision-making is missing. Can a statistical model accurately predict infection with COVID? and Methods: We developed a prospective registry of all patients tested for COVID-19 in Cleveland Clinic to create individualized risk prediction models. We focus here on likelihood of a positive nasal or oropharyngeal COVID-19 test [COVID-19 (+)]. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression algorithm was constructed, which removed variables that were not contributing to the model's cross-validated concordance index. Following external validation in a temporally and geographically-distinct cohort, the statistical prediction model was illustrated as a nomogram and deployed in an online risk calculator. 11,672 patients fulfilled study criteria in the development cohort, including 818 (7.0%) COVID-19 (+), and 2,295 patients fulfilled criteria in the validation cohort including 290 COVID-19 (+). Males, African Americans, older patients, and those with known COVID-19 exposure were at higher risk of being COVID-19 (+). Risk was reduced in those who had pneumococcal polysaccharide or influenza vaccine, or were on melatonin, paroxetine, or carvedilol. Our model had favorable discrimination (c-statistic=0.863 in development; 0.840 in validation cohort) and calibration. We present sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value at different prediction cut-offs.The calculator is freely available at https://riskcalc.org/COVID19. Prediction of a COVID-19 (+) test is possible and could help direct healthcare resources. We demonstrate relevance of age, race, gender, and socioeconomic characteristics in COVID-19-susceptibility and suggest a potential modifying role of certain common vaccinations and drugs identified in drug-repurposing studies."}, {"pmid": 32229157, "pmcid": "PMC7270650", "title": "Practical Strategies Against the Novel Coronavirus and COVID-19-the Imminent Global Threat.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Rahimi, Farid", "Talebi Bezmin Abadi, Amin"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229157", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The last month of 2019 harbingered the emergence of a viral outbreak that is now a major public threat globally. COVID-19 was first diagnosed and confirmed in a couple of cases with unknown pneumonia; the patients lived in, or travelled to, Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province. People now face a complex challenge that deserves urgent intervention by all involved in medical healthcare globally. Conventional antiviral therapies or vaccines are the most referred means of tackling the virus, but we think establishing these ideal management strategies is presently far-fetched. In-house isolation or quarantine of suspected cases to keep hospital admissions manageable and prevent in-hospital spread of the virus, and promoting general awareness about transmission routes are the practical strategies used to tackle the spread of COVID-19. Cases with weakened or compromised immune systems-for example, elderly individuals, young children, and those with pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, cancer, hypertension, and chronic respiratory diseases-are particularly more susceptible to COVID-19. Hopefully, cumulative data using whole-genome sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in parallel with mathematical modeling will help the molecular biologists to understand unknown features of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32155273, "title": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Pediatr Ann", "authors": ["Hageman, Joseph R"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32155273", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393678, "title": "COVID-19: Important Issues for Pediatricians.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Kinikar, Aarti A", "Kulkarni, Rajesh K"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393678", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352918, "title": "Targeted early chest CT in COVID-19 outbreaks as diagnostic tool for containment of the pandemic- A multinational opinion.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Amalou, Amel", "Turkbey, Baris", "Sanford, Tom", "Harmon, Stephanie", "Turkbey, Evrim B", "Xu, Sheng", "An, Peng", "Carrafiello, Gianpaolo", "Cariati, Maurizio", "Patella, Francesca", "Obinata, Hirofumi", "Mori, Hitoshi", "Sun, Kaiyuan", "Spiro, David J", "Suh, Robert", "Amalou, Hayet", "Wood, Bradford J"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352918", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392093, "title": "Risk Corridors, COVID-19, And The ACA.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Keith, Katie"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392093", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Supreme Court holds that the government owes insurers the full risk corridors payments due under the Affordable Care Act."}, {"pmid": 32436029, "pmcid": "PMC7238394", "title": "Nitric oxide inhalation as an interventional rescue therapy for COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Kobayashi, Jun", "Murata, Isamu"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436029", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an emerging disease of public health concern. While there is no specific recommended treatment for COVID-19, nitric oxide has the potential to be of therapeutic value for managing acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19. However, inhaled nitric oxide has not yet been formally evaluated. Given the extent of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the large numbers of hospitalized patients requiring respiratory support, clinical use of inhaled nitric oxide may become an alternate rescue therapy before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32513867, "title": "Antibody signature induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein immunogens in rabbits.", "journal": "Sci Transl Med", "authors": ["Ravichandran, Supriya", "Coyle, Elizabeth M", "Klenow, Laura", "Tang, Juanjie", "Grubbs, Gabrielle", "Liu, Shufeng", "Wang, Tony", "Golding, Hana", "Khurana, Surender"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513867", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Multiple vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 based on viral spike protein are under development. However, there is limited information on the quality of antibody responses generated with these vaccine modalities. To better understand antibody responses induced by spike protein-based vaccines, we performed a qualitative study by immunizing rabbits with various SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antigens: S-ectodomain (S1+S2) (aa 16-1213), which lacks the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains (CT-TM), the S1 domain (aa 16-685), the receptor-binding domain (RBD) (aa 319-541), and the S2 domain (aa 686-1213, lacking the RBD, as control). Resulting antibody quality and function were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), receptor binding domain (RBD) competition assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) against different spike proteins in native conformation, and neutralization assays. All three antigens (S1+S2 ectodomain, S1 domain, and RBD), but not S2, generated strong neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccination-induced antibody repertoire was analyzed by SARS-CoV-2 spike genome fragment phage display libraries (SARS-CoV-2 GFPDL), which identified immunodominant epitopes in the S1, S1-RBD, and S2 domains. Furthermore, these analyses demonstrated that the RBD immunogen elicited a higher antibody titer with 5-fold higher affinity antibodies to native spike antigens compared with other spike antigens; and antibody affinity correlated strongly with neutralization titers. These findings may help guide rational vaccine design and facilitate development and evaluation of effective therapeutics and vaccines against COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32283062, "pmcid": "PMC7151440", "title": "The Indirect Benefit on Respiratory Health From the World's Effort to Reduce Transmission of SARS - CoV-2.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Dutheil, Frederic", "Navel, Valentin", "Clinchamps, Maelys"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283062", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496851, "title": "Social prescribing: a 'natural' community-based solution.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Howarth, Michelle", "Griffiths, Alistair", "da Silva, Anna", "Green, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper discusses social prescribing as part of the wider NHS England universal personalised care model, and it describes how community nurses can engage with social prescribing systems to support community resilience. A case study based on the example of gardening, as a nature-based social prescription provided by the RHS Bridgewater Wellbeing Garden, is provided to illustrate the scope, reach and impact of non-medical, salutogenic approaches for community practitioners. The authors argue that social prescribing and, in particular, nature-based solutions, such as gardening, can be used as a non-medical asset-based approach by all health professionals working in the community as a way to promote health and wellbeing. They consider how the negative impact of social distancing resulting from COVID-19 restrictions could be diluted through collaboration between a holistic, social prescribing system and community staff. The paper presents a unique perspective on how community nurses can collaborate with link workers through social prescribing to help combat social isolation and anxiety and support resilience."}, {"pmid": 32281756, "title": "Covid-19 and its impact on nephropathic patients: the experience at Ospedale \"Guglielmo da Saliceto\" in Piacenza.", "journal": "G Ital Nefrol", "authors": ["Scarpioni, Roberto", "Manini, Alessandra", "Valsania, Teresa", "De Amicis, Sara", "Albertazzi, Vittorio", "Melfa, Luigi", "Ricardi, Marco", "Rocca, Chiara"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281756", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Roberto Scarpioni and colleagues recount their experience with the Covid-19 epidemic at the Nephrology and Dialysis Center of the \"Guglielmo da Saliceto\" Hospital in Piacenza, where everybody is still fighting to this moment to contain the spread of the disease and face an increasingly unsustainable clinical situation. Piacenza is only 15 km away from the main cluster of cases in the country (Codogno, in the Lodi province) and, after the closure of the Hospital in Codogno, saw an escalation in the number of patients testing positive to Covid-19. The authors describe their efforts and the practices they adopted to contain the spread of the disease among inpatients visiting the hospital's Hemodialysis Clinic. They also reflect on some of the data available on the 25/03/2020, such as the number of patients testing positive and the mortality rate, unfortunately very high. Their aim is to help all colleagues that have yet to face this epidemic in its full force."}, {"pmid": 32425002, "pmcid": "PMC7210103", "title": "Comparison of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with and without Wuhan exposure history in Zhejiang Province, China.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Lian, Jiang-Shan", "Cai, Huan", "Hao, Shao-Rui", "Jin, Xi", "Zhang, Xiao-Li", "Zheng, Lin", "Jia, Hong-Yu", "Hu, Jian-Hua", "Zhang, Shan-Yan", "Yu, Guo-Dong", "Gu, Jue-Qing", "Ye, Chan-Yuan", "Jin, Ci-Liang", "Lu, Ying-Feng", "Sheng, Ji-Fang", "Yang, Yi-da"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425002", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first identified in Wuhan, China, has been rapidly spreading around the world. This study investigates the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Zhejiang Province who did or did not have a history of Wuhan exposure. We collected data from medical records of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Zhejiang Province from Jan. 17 to Feb. 7, 2020 and analyzed epidemiological, clinical, and treatment data of those with and without recorded recent exposure in Wuhan. Patients in the control group were older than those in the exposure group ((48.19\u00b116.13) years vs. (43.47\u00b113.12) years, P<0.001), and more were over 65 years old (15.95% control vs. 5.60% exposure, P<0.001). The rate of clustered onset was also significantly higher in the control group than in the exposure group (31.39% vs. 18.66%, P<0.001). The symptom of a sore throat in patients in the exposure group was significantly higher than that in the control group (17.30% vs. 10.89%, P=0.01); however, headache in the exposure group was significantly lower than that in the control group (6.87% vs. 12.15%, P=0.015). More patients in the exposure group had a significantly lower level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in any degree of COVID-19 including mild, severe, and critical between the two groups. From the perspective of epidemiological and clinical characteristics, there was no significant difference between COVID-19 patients with and without Wuhan exposure history."}, {"pmid": 32192294, "title": "[Treatment strategies for colorectal cancer patients in tumor hospitals under the background of corona virus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hu, X H", "Niu, W B", "Zhang, J F", "Li, B K", "Yu, B", "Zhang, Z Y", "Zhou, C X", "Zhang, X N", "Gao, Y", "Wang, G Y"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192294", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 began to occur. Its pathogen is 2019-nCoV, which has the characteristics of strong infectivity and general susceptibility. The current situation of prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia is severe. In this context, as front-line medical workers bearing important responsibilities and pressure, while through strict management strategy, we can minimize the risk of infection exposure. By summarizing the research progress and guidelines in recent years in the fields of colorectal cancer disease screening, treatment strategies (including early colorectal cancer, locally advanced colorectal cancer, obstructive colorectal cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer and the treatment of patients after neoadjuvant therapy), the choice of medication and time limit for adjuvant therapy, the protective measures for patients undergoing emergency surgery, the re-examination of postoperative patients and the protection of medical staff, etc., authors improve treatment strategies in order to provide more choices for patients to obtain the best treatment under the severe epidemic situation of new coronavirus pneumonia. Meanwhile we hope that it can also provide more timely treatment modeling schemes for colleagues."}, {"pmid": 32405266, "pmcid": "PMC7219401", "title": "Time series modelling to forecast the confirmed and recovered cases of COVID-19.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Maleki, Mohsen", "Mahmoudi, Mohammad Reza", "Wraith, Darren", "Pho, Kim-Hung"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405266", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses from the Coronaviridae family affecting neurological, gastrointestinal, hepatic and respiratory systems. In late 2019 a new member of this family belonging to the Betacoronavirus genera (referred to as COVID-19) originated and spread quickly across the world calling for strict containment plans and policies. In most countries in the world, the outbreak of the disease has been serious and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases has increased daily, while, fortunately the recovered COVID-19 cases have also increased. Clearly, forecasting the \"confirmed\" and \"recovered\" COVID-19 cases helps planning to control the disease and plan for utilization of health care resources. Time series models based on statistical methodology are useful to model time-indexed data and for forecasting. Autoregressive time series models based on two-piece scale mixture normal distributions, called TP-SMN-AR models, is a flexible family of models involving many classical symmetric/asymmetric and light/heavy tailed autoregressive models. In this paper, we use this family of models to analyze the real world time series data of confirmed and recovered COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32483409, "pmcid": "PMC7245619", "title": "The potential insights of Traditional Chinese Medicine on treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Chin Med", "authors": ["Tong, Tong", "Wu, Ying-Qi", "Ni, Wei-Jian", "Shen, Ai-Zong", "Liu, Sheng"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483409", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in 2019 and spread rapidly around the world. There is still no specific antiviral therapy to the current pandemic. In China, historical records show that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is effective in prevention and enhancing the resistance to pandemic with unique insights. To fight with COVID-19, National Health and Commission of PRC has recommended some TCM in the guideline, such as HuoxiangZhengqi, LianhuaQingwen ShufengJiedu and XueBijing, and actually displayed a remarkable effect in clinical treatment strategic for COVID-19. We review studies to provide an in-depth understanding into the effect of TCM, and also introduce the possible mechanism involved in COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32390110, "pmcid": "PMC7211490", "title": "ASNC's efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390110", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321606, "pmcid": "PMC7191255", "title": "A dynamic residential community-based quarantine strategy: China's experience in fighting COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Guo, Yan", "Li, Yiran", "Monroe-Wise, Aliza", "Yeung, Sai-Ching Jim", "Huang, Yixiang"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321606", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32053479, "pmcid": "PMC7181905", "title": "Risk for Transportation of Coronavirus Disease from Wuhan to Other Cities in China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Du, Zhanwei", "Wang, Lin", "Cauchemez, Simon", "Xu, Xiaoke", "Wang, Xianwen", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Meyers, Lauren Ancel"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32053479", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 23, 2020, China quarantined Wuhan to contain coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We estimated the probability of transportation of COVID-19 from Wuhan to 369 other cities in China before the quarantine. Expected COVID-19 risk is >50% in 130 (95% CI 89-190) cities and >99% in the 4 largest metropolitan areas."}, {"pmid": 32515297, "title": "Fast-track Innovation: Area Agencies on Aging Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Wilson, Traci L", "Scala-Foley, Marisa", "Kunkel, Suzanne R", "Brewster, Amanda L"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515297", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Millions of older Americans depend on services provided by Area Agencies on Aging to support their nutritional, social, and health needs. Social distancing requirements and the closure of congregate activities due to COVID-19 resulted in a rapid and dramatic shift in service delivery modes. Area Agencies on Aging were able to quickly pivot due to their long-standing expertise in community needs assessment and cross-sectoral partnerships. The federal Coronavirus relief measures also infused one billion dollars into the Aging Network. As the pandemic response evolves, Area Agencies on Aging are poised to be key partners in a transformed health system."}, {"pmid": 32466999, "pmcid": "PMC7236731", "title": "COVID-19 and asthma: To have or not to have T2 inflammation makes a difference?", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Morais-Almeida, M", "Bousquet, J"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466999", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406078, "title": "COVID-19 in an elderly patient treated with secukinumab.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Di Lernia, Vito", "Bombonato, Caterina", "Motolese, Alberico"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406078", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32248852, "pmcid": "PMC7267223", "title": "How to deal with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19): Public health practices from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, China.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Xiong, Peisheng", "Xu, Kai", "Xiao, Guang"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248852", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533676, "title": "Continuous learning through platforms.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Soy-Muner, Dolors"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533676", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The health crisis situation we have experienced caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus\u00a0 has changed our daily life in numerous aspects, including those\u00a0related to\u00a0 training (undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing education,\u00a0etc). Training\u00a0 activities, conferences, lectures, face-to-face workshops were\u00a0suspended until\u00a0 the Health Situation was over. Alternatives to face-to-face\u00a0training were needed\u00a0 to guarantee the continuity of these activities. Online\u00a0training, teaching and\u00a0 evaluation emerged as a relatively fast, simple, operational\u00a0and flexible solution.\u00a0Universities and faculties promoted online teaching through virtual\u00a0 classes.\u00a0The Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy supported this initiative\u00a0by\u00a0 signing an agreement with the Board of Deans and Chancellors of\u00a0Pharmacy to\u00a0 make it possible for undergraduate students to continue their\u00a0studies and\u00a0 supervised practices in hospital pharmacy departments.\u00a0Specialized training was\u00a0 affected. Pharmacy residency programs were\u00a0significantly modified by hospital\u00a0 pharmacies to be able to provide the\u00a0new clinical and research activities\u00a0 required, everyday, by the pandemic\u00a0situation.\u00a0Postgraduate and residency\u00a0 training were also negatively affected.\u00a0Again, online activities made up for\u00a0 restrictions to face-to-face teaching and\u00a0training. The Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy promoted continuing\u00a0education and provided updated information on\u00a0 the SARS-CoV-2 virus\u00a0through its website. Thus, numerous virtual sessions,\u00a0 lectures and webinars\u00a0have been held, and high-quality material was offered to\u00a0 provide up-todate\u00a0knowledge, on the pharmacological management of patients\u00a0 with\u00a0COVID-19.\u00a0Online teaching and education has demonstrated to be an\u00a0 invaluable\u00a0tool for hard times. During the lockdown, technology has kept us\u00a0 closer and\u00a0has emerged as an ally. Many of us have found a new means of\u00a0 communication, information, and training. The Spanish Society of Hospital\u00a0 Pharmacy has substantially contributed to make it possible."}, {"pmid": 32374884, "title": "A tale of two countries. How decentralised organisation and long-term investment build resilient healthcare systems.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes", "authors": ["Kirchhof, Paulus"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374884", "countries": ["Germany", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare systems are faced with unique challenges during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. This viewpoint compares the response to the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK and in Germany. Despite being two large European countries of comparable size with good healthcare systems and similar patterns of exposure to Covid-19, Covid-19 related deaths in the UK currently far outnumber those in Germany. This has several reasons, but two explanations stick out: 1. lower long-term investment into healthcare in the UK rendered the NHS more vulnerable to Covid-19; 2. the existence of a well-governed decentralised and partially redundant organisation of healthcare increased resilience in Germany' s healthcare systems, enhancing the ability to adapt in response to unexpected challenges to healthcare. The response to the current pandemic also illustrates the power and the necessity to learn from each other through transparent communication of successes and mistakes."}, {"pmid": 32356301, "title": "[Public Mental Health as One of the Key Factors in Dealing with COVID-19].", "journal": "Gesundheitswesen", "authors": ["Hahad, Omar", "Gilan, Donya A", "Daiber, Andreas", "Munzel, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356301", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the article is to point out the important role of prevention and reduction of mental stress in the general population and in sensitive groups in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This article includes the analysis and evaluation of studies and recommendations from organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) that have examined the psychological consequences of epidemics/pandemics on people and their impact on the further course. Fear-related behaviors can adversely affect the course of epidemics. Past outbreaks of infectious diseases (Ebola and Zika virus) have shown that maladaptive behavior, related to increased psychological stress and anxiety, can interfere with the implementation of treatment strategies and actions and can contribute to a further spread. Hereby, strategies for dealing with infectious diseases, that include the suppression of fear, can trigger a vicious circle in which fear and suppression mutually reinforce each other. The COVID-19 pandemic poses an immense challenge to governments, health systems and people, with an uncertain outcome, which is associated with a significant burden of mental health in the population. In line with WHO recommendations, national guidelines and preventive measures should include the psychological consequences, the acceptance and normalization of fears and the promotion of resilience in the population in dealing with COVID-19 in order to counteract a further spread."}, {"pmid": 32450925, "pmcid": "PMC7261961", "title": "Global imperative to combat stigma associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Li, Wen", "Yang, Yuan", "Ng, Chee H", "Zhang, Ling", "Zhang, Qinge", "Cheung, Teris", "Xiang, Yu-Tao"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450925", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408247, "pmcid": "PMC7198392", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: New challenge to securing mental well-being in conflict settings.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Seidi, Pegah A M", "Ardebil, Maryam Didehdar", "Jaff, Dilshad"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408247", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366599, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 detection in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from surgical resection of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Guerini-Rocco, Elena", "Taormina, Sergio Vincenzo", "Vacirca, Davide", "Ranghiero, Alberto", "Rappa, Alessandra", "Fumagalli, Caterina", "Maffini, Fausto", "Rampinelli, Cristiano", "Galetta, Domenico", "Tagliabue, Marta", "Ansarin, Mohssen", "Barberis, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366599", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, pathologists can be exposed to infection handling surgical specimens. Guidelines related to safety procedures in the laboratory have been released. However, there is a lack of studies performed on biopsy and surgical resection specimens. Here we report the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from surgical resection of tongue squamous cell carcinoma of a patient who developed COVID-19 postsurgery. RNA of SARS-CoV-2 strain was detected in the tumour and the normal submandibular gland samples using real-time PCR-based assay. No viral RNA was found in metastatic and reactive lymph nodes. We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in routine histopathological samples even before COVID-19 disease development. These findings may give important information on the possible sites of infection or virus reservoir, and highlight the necessity of proper handling and fixation before sample processing."}, {"pmid": 32408911, "pmcid": "PMC7253768", "title": "Current knowledge of COVID-19 and infection prevention and control strategies in healthcare settings: A global analysis.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Islam, M Saiful", "Rahman, Kazi M", "Sun, Yanni", "Qureshi, Mohammed O", "Abdi, Ikram", "Chughtai, Abrar A", "Seale, Holly"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408911", "countries": ["China", "Australia", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current absence of a vaccine for COVID-19, public health responses aim to break the chain of infection by focusing on the mode of transmission. We reviewed the current evidence on the transmission dynamics and on pathogenic and clinical features of COVID-19 to critically identify any gaps in the current infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines. In this study, we reviewed global COVID-19 IPC guidelines by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Guidelines from 2 high-income countries (Australia and United Kingdom) and from 1 middle-income country (China) were also reviewed. We searched publications in English on 'PubMed' and Google Scholar. We extracted information related to COVID-19 transmission dynamics, clinical presentations, and exposures that may facilitate transmission. We then compared these findings with the recommended IPC measures. Nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings occurs through droplets, aerosols, and the oral-fecal or fecal-droplet route. However, the IPC guidelines fail to cover all transmission modes, and the recommendations also conflict with each other. Most guidelines recommend surgical masks for healthcare providers during routine care and N95 respirators for aerosol-generating procedures. However, recommendations regarding the type of face mask varied, and the CDC recommends cloth masks when surgical masks are unavailable. IPC strategies should consider all the possible routes of transmission and should target all patient care activities involving risk of person-to-person transmission. This review may assist international health agencies in updating their guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32234504, "pmcid": "PMC7118535", "title": "COVID-19, diabetes mellitus and ACE2: The conundrum.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Pal, Rimesh", "Bhansali, Anil"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234504", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32092748, "title": "COVID-19: Real-time dissemination of scientific information to fight a public health emergency of international concern.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Song, Peipei", "Karako, Takashi"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092748", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapidly sharing scientific information is an effective way to reduce public panic about COVID-19, and doing so is the key to providing real-time guidance to epidemiologists working to contain the outbreak, clinicians managing patients, and modelers helping to understand future developments and the possible effectiveness of various interventions. This issue has rapidly reviewed and published articles describing COVID-19, including the drug treatment options for SARS-CoV-2, its clinical characteristics, and therapies involving a combination of Chinese and Western medicine, the efficacy of chloroquine phosphate in the treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia according to clinical studies, and reflections on the system of reserve medical supplies for public health emergencies. As an academic journal, we will continue to quickly and transparently share data with frontline healthcare workers who need to know the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32420822, "title": "Eliminating Categorical Exclusion Criteria in Crisis Standards of Care Frameworks.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Auriemma, Catherine L", "Molinero, Ashli M", "Houtrow, Amy J", "Persad, Govind", "White, Douglas B", "Halpern, Scott D"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420822", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During public health crises including the COVID-19 pandemic, resource scarcity and contagion risks may require health systems to shift-to some degree-from a usual clinical ethic, focused on the well-being of individual patients, to a public health ethic, focused on population health. Many triage policies exist that fall under the legal protections afforded by \"crisis standards of care,\" but they have key differences. We critically appraise one of the most fundamental differences among policies, namely the use of criteria to categorically exclude certain patients from eligibility for otherwise standard medical services. We examine these categorical exclusion criteria from ethical, legal, disability, and implementation perspectives. Focusing our analysis on the most common type of exclusion criteria, which are disease-specific, we conclude that optimal policies for critical care resource allocation and the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should not use categorical exclusions. We argue that the avoidance of categorical exclusions is often practically feasible, consistent with public health norms, and mitigates discrimination against persons with disabilities."}, {"pmid": 32487275, "title": "Elderly Suicides in India: An Emerging Concern during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Rana, Usha"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487275", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507619, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on clinical practice and training of young gastroenterologists: A European survey.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Marasco, Giovanni", "Nardone, Olga Maria", "Maida, Marcello", "Boskoski, Ivo", "Pastorelli, Luca", "Scaldaferri, Franco"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) is a major challenge for the healthcare system and physicians, imposing changes in daily clinical activity. we aimed to describe what European trainees and young gastroenterologists know about COVID-19 and identify training gaps to implement educational programs. A prospective web-based electronic survey was developed and distributed via e-mail to all members of the Italian Young Gastroenterologist and Endoscopist Association and to European representatives. One hundred and ninety-seven subjects participated in the survey, of whom 14 (7.1%) were excluded. The majority were gastroenterologists in training (123, 67.7%) working in institutions with COVID-19 inpatients (159, 86.9%), aged \u226430 years (113, 61.8%). The activity of Gastroenterology Units was restricted to emergency visits and endoscopy, with reductions of activities of up to 90%. 84.5% of participants felt that the COVID-19 outbreak impacted on their training, due to unavailability of mentors (52.6%) and interruption of trainee's involvement (66.4%). Most participants referred absence of training on the use of personal protective equipment, oxygen ventilation systems and COVID-19 therapies. COVID-19 outbreak significantly impacted on gastroenterologists' clinical activity. The resources currently deployed are inadequate, and therefore educational interventions to address this gap are warranted in the next future."}, {"pmid": 32362291, "pmcid": "PMC7225214", "title": "Calculating an institutional personal protective equipment (PPE) burn rate to project future usage patterns during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Raja, Sumanth", "Patolia, Harsh H", "Baffoe-Bonnie, Anthony W"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362291", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429005, "pmcid": "PMC7272919", "title": "Three steps to flatten the mental health need curve amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Depress Anxiety", "authors": ["Marques, Luana", "Bartuska, Anna D", "Cohen, Jonah N", "Youn, Soo Jeong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429005", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515405, "title": "COVID-19: Is there a silver lining?", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Kalra, Kriti", "Deshmukh, Paulami"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515405", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412512, "title": "The new coronavirus that came from the East: analysis of the initial epidemic in Mexico.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Ornelas-Aguirre, Jose M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412512", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 23, 2020, suspension of non-essential activities was declared in Mexico throughout the country in order to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. To analyze data on the first 1,510 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mexico, and to describe the geographical distribution of the disease and its transmission dynamics. Description of the first COVID-19 cases with real-time RT-PCR-positive test, as well as evaluation of epidemiological measures, cumulative incidence, rate of transmission, and mortality and lethality rates during the first month of the epidemic. Average age was 43 years, and 58 % were males; 44 % of initial cases were imported. Lethality in the population during the first month went from 1.08 to 3.97 per 100 cases; however, the trend is linear and similar to that observed in Europe. In Mexico, social distancing is being applied, but studies are still required on the dynamics of the epidemic, person-to-person transmission, incidence of subclinical infections, and patient survival."}, {"pmid": 32434289, "title": "Perioperative considerations for COVID-19 patients: lessons learnt from the pandemic.", "journal": "Korean J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Yek, Jia Lin Jacklyn", "Kiew, Sca", "Ngu, J C", "Lim, Jgc"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434289", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic spreads globally, hospitals are rushing to adapt their facilities which may not have been designed to deal with infections adequately. We present the management of a patient with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia. A 66-years-old man presented to the hospital and his recent travel history, infective symptoms and CXR made him a possible COVID-19 suspect. Emergency surgery was decided considering the septic condition. The patient was transported to operating theatre with supplemental oxygen over a face mask and plastic covering over the trolley. Rapid sequence intubation was performed by an experienced anesthetist using a videolaryngoscope. After surgery, the patient remained intubated to avoid re-intubation due to initial presentation of respiratory distress. Droplet, contact and airborne infection precautions were instituted. Our objective was to facilitate surgical management of patients with known or suspected COVID-19 while minimising risk of nosocomial transmission to healthcare workers and other patients."}, {"pmid": 32449752, "title": "Supporting Hospital Staff During COVID-19: Early Interventions.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Billings, Jo", "Greene, Talya", "Kember, Tim", "Grey, Nick", "El-Leithy, Sharif", "Lee, Deborah", "Kennerley, Helen", "Albert, Idit", "Robertson, Mary", "Brewin, Chris R", "Bloomfield, Michael A P"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521953, "title": "[Experts consensus for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Coronavirus disease 2019 in the elderly].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Lin, L J", "Zhu, L", "Shi, G C", "Wu, J Q", "Li, H X", "Sun, B J", "Lin, J T", "Xu, Z J", "Sun, T Y", "Li, J", "Yu, S Y", "Liu, X M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521953", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause great damage to the elderly patients and lead to high mortality. The clinical presentations and auxiliary examinations of the elderly patients with COVID-19 are atypical, due to the physiological ageing deterioration and basal pathological state. The treatment strategy for the elderly patients has its own characteristics and treatment protocol should be considered accordingly. To improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 in the elderly, the Expert Committee of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China Society of Geriatrics established the \"Expert consensus for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Coronavirus disease 2019 in the elderly\" . We focused on the clinical characteristics and key points for better treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in the elderly. (1) For diagnosis, atypical clinical presentation of COVID-19 in the elderly should be emphasized, which may be complicated by underlying disease. (2) For treatment, strategy of multiple disciplinary team (mainly the respiratory and critical care medicine) should be adopted and multiple systemic functions should be considered. (3) For prevention, health care model about integrated management of acute and chronic diseases, in and out of hospital should be applied."}, {"pmid": 32398705, "pmcid": "PMC7216132", "title": "COVID-19: more evidence emerges.", "journal": "Nat Rev Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Sidaway, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398705", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395425, "pmcid": "PMC7212974", "title": "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum occurring in the SARS-COV-2 infection.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Kolani, Sylvie", "Nawfal, Houari", "Haloua, Meryem", "Lamrani, Youssef Alaoui", "Boubbou, Meryem", "Serraj, Mounia", "Aamara, Bouchra", "Maaroufi, Mustapha", "Alami, Badreeddine"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395425", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the case of a 23\u2009year old female admitted for management of infection by the SARS-COV-2. The chest CT found a spontaneous pneumomediastinum that resorbed over 7 days with a good clinical outcome. We will discuss the mechanism underlying the occurrence of spontaneous pneumomediastinum during a COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32327866, "pmcid": "PMC7168448", "title": "Dynamic models for Coronavirus Disease 2019 and data analysis.", "journal": "Math Methods Appl Sci", "authors": ["Shao, Nian", "Zhong, Min", "Yan, Yue", "Pan, HanShuang", "Cheng, Jin", "Chen, Wenbin"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327866", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this letter, two time delay dynamic models, a Time Delay Dynamical-Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (TDD-NCP) model and Fudan-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) model, are introduced to track the data of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The TDD-NCP model was developed recently by Cheng\u0105\u0155s group in Fudan and Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (SUFE). The TDD-NCP model introduced the time delay process into the differential equations to describe the latent period of the epidemic. The Fudan-CDCC model was established when Wenbin Chen suggested to determine the kernel functions in the TDD-NCP model by the public data from CDCC. By the public data of the cumulative confirmed cases in different regions in China and different countries, these models can clearly illustrate that the containment of the epidemic highly depends on early and effective isolations."}, {"pmid": 32478886, "title": "Implementation of a Novel Bluetooth Technology for Remote Deep Brain Stimulation Programming: The Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Beijing Experience.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Zhang, Jianguo", "Hu, Wei", "Chen, Hao", "Meng, Fangang", "Li, Luming", "Okun, Michael S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478886", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533672, "title": "The pharmacist facing the logistics of safely dispensing, storing and preserving drugs in healthcare units.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Cabanas, Maria Josep", "Queralt Gorgas, Maria"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533672", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the Hospital Pharmacy Services\u00a0have\u00a0 quickly adapted to respond to a critical situation characterized by\u00a0the constant\u00a0 and continuous admission of patients with severe pneumonia\u00a0who needed\u00a0 treatment, requiring a transformation of the hospital in order to\u00a0increase the\u00a0 number of hospital and critical beds. Moreover, other out-ofhospital\u00a0spaces have\u00a0 been transformed into hospitalization units to absorb\u00a0the large number of\u00a0 patients that had to be treated and isolated.\u00a0To guarantee the distribution of\u00a0 medicines and the quality of the pharmaceutical\u00a0care, drug distribution systems,\u00a0 such as unit dose and automated\u00a0dispensing systems, have undergone\u00a0 transformations. Standard stocks\u00a0were assigned for COVID units, and different\u00a0 dispensing circuits to avoid\u00a0the risk of cross-contamination between COVID and\u00a0 non-COVID units were\u00a0created, as well as disinfection protocols for medication\u00a0 transport systems\u00a0and medication return protocols. All this without forgetting\u00a0 COVID treatment\u00a0protocol's changes that were affected by the availability of the\u00a0 drugs.\u00a0The increase in the number of beds in out-of-hospital spaces, such\u00a0as\u00a0 field hospitals, hotels, socio-medical centers and nursing homes, has\u00a0challenged\u00a0 Pharmacy Services, since new medication dispensing and\u00a0conciliation circuits\u00a0 have been created forcing the increase of pharmacy\u00a0staff's presence and\u00a0 modifying work shifts, to afford all the new tasks\u00a0successfully. Development of\u00a0 contingency plans for the different Pharmacy Service activities and providing\u00a0 fluent communication channels are key elements for crisis situations or health\u00a0 emergencies such as the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32493409, "pmcid": "PMC7267763", "title": "Inequalities in access to water and soap matter for the COVID-19 response in sub-Saharan Africa.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Jiwani, Safia S", "Antiporta, Daniel A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493409", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly since the first case notification of the WHO in December 2019. Lacking an effective treatment, countries have implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions including social distancing measures and have encouraged maintaining adequate and frequent hand hygiene to slow down the disease transmission. Although access to clean water and soap is universal in high-income settings, it remains a basic need many do not have in low- and middle-income settings.We analyzed data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 16 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, using the most recent survey since 2015. Differences in the percentage of households with an observed handwashing place with water and soap were estimated by place of residence and wealth quintiles. Equiplots showed wide within-country disparities, disproportionately affecting the poorest households and rural residents, who represent the majority of the population in most of the countries.Social inequalities in access to water and soap matter for the COVID-19 response in sub-Saharan Africa. Interventions such as mass distribution of soap and ensuring access to clean water, along with other preventive strategies should be scaled up to reach the most vulnerable populations."}, {"pmid": 32330438, "pmcid": "PMC7173825", "title": "Targeting COVID-19 interventions towards migrants in humanitarian settings.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hargreaves, Sally", "Zenner, Dominik", "Wickramage, Kolitha", "Deal, Anna", "Hayward, Sally E"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330438", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513650, "title": "Monitoring of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Holubar, Jan", "Le Quintrec, Moglie", "Letaief, Hind", "Faillie, Jean Luc", "Pers, Yves-Marie", "Jorgensen, Christian"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513650", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532596, "title": "COVID-19 in the radiology department: What radiographers need to know.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Stogiannos, N", "Fotopoulos, D", "Woznitza, N", "Malamateniou, C"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532596", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim is to review current literature related to the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of suspected and confirmed Covid-19 cases. Medical Imaging plays an important auxiliary role in the diagnosis of Covid-19 patients, mainly those most seriously affected. Practice differs widely among different countries, mainly due to the variability of access to resources (viral testing and imaging equipment, specialised staff, protective equipment). It has been now well-documented that chest radiographs should be the first-line imaging tool and chest CT should only be reserved for critically ill patients, or when chest radiograph and clinical presentation may be inconclusive. As radiographers work on the frontline, they should be aware of the potential risks associated with Covid-19 and engage in optimal strategies to reduce these. Their role in vetting, conducting and often reporting the imaging examinations is vital, as well as their contribution in patient safety and care. Medical Imaging should be limited to critically ill patients, and where it may have an impact on the patient management plan. At the time of publication, this review offers the most up-to-date recommendations for clinical practitioners in radiology departments, including radiographers. Radiography practice has to significantly adjust to these new requirements to support optimal and safe imaging practices for the diagnosis of Covid-19. The adoption of low dose CT, rigorous infection control protocols and optimal use of personal protective equipment may reduce the potential risks of radiation exposure and infection, respectively, within Radiology departments."}, {"pmid": 32223003, "title": "European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis (ETFAD) statement on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2)-infection and atopic dermatitis.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Wollenberg, Andreas", "Flohr, Carsten", "Simon, Dagmar", "Cork, Michael J", "Thyssen, Jacob P", "Bieber, Thomas", "de Bruin-Weller, Marjolein S", "Weidinger, Stephan", "Deleuran, Mette", "Taieb, Alain", "Paul, Carle", "Trzeciak, Magdalena", "Werfel, Thomas", "Seneschal, Julien", "Barbarot, Sebastien", "Darsow, Ulf", "Torrelo, Antonio", "Stalder, Jean-Francois", "Svensson, Ake", "Hijnen, Dirkjan", "Gelmetti, Carlo", "Szalai, Zsuzsanna", "Gieler, Uwe", "De Raeve, Linda", "Kunz, Barbara", "Spuls, Phyllis", "von Kobyletzki, Laura B", "Folster-Holst, Regina", "Chernyshov, Pavel V", "Cristen-Zaech, Stephanie", "Heratizadeh, Annice", "Ring, Johannes", "Vestergaard, Christian"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223003", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease with elevated risk of respiratory comorbidities.1,2 Severely affected patients are often treated with immune-modulating systemic drugs.3,4 On March 11th 2020, the World Health Organization declared the 2019 novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-Cov-2) epidemic to be a pandemic. The number of cases worldwide is increasing exponentially and poses a major health threat, especially for those who are elderly, immuno-compromised, or have comorbidities. This also applies to AD patients on systemic immune-modulating treatment. In these days of uncertainty, reallocation of medical resources, curfew, hoarding, and shutdown of normal social life, patients, caregivers and doctors ask questions regarding the continuation of systemic immune-modulating treatment of AD patients. The ETFAD decided to address some of these questions here."}, {"pmid": 32313170, "pmcid": "PMC7169374", "title": "Reorganize and survive-a recommendation for healthcare services affected by COVID-19-the ophthalmology experience.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Petrovski, Beata Eva", "Lumi, Xhevat", "Znaor, Ljubo", "Ivastinovic, Domagoj", "Confalonieri, Filippo", "Petrovic, Mojca Globocnik", "Petrovski, Goran"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313170", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473902, "pmcid": "PMC7245264", "title": "Letter in response to the article: Comorbidities in COVID-19: Outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers (Singh et al.).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Mahajan, Kunal", "Gaur, Naresh"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473902", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342723, "title": "Anesthesia Professionals: Helping to Lead the COVID-19 Pandemic Response From Behind the Drape and Beyond.", "journal": "Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Siegrist, Kara K", "Latham, Gregory J", "Huang, Jiapeng", "Subramaniam, Kathrivel", "Zerillo, Jeron D", "Sakai, Tetsuro", "Weitzel, Nathaen", "Kertai, Miklos D"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342723", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405046, "pmcid": "PMC7220642", "title": "Preparing ophthalmologists for the use of mechanical ventilation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Harvey, Joshua P", "Sinclair, Vita F"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405046", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459984, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Phylogenetic Analysis, Lazio Region, Italy, February-March 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bartolini, Barbara", "Rueca, Martina", "Gruber, Cesare Ernesto Maria", "Messina, Francesco", "Carletti, Fabrizio", "Giombini, Emanuela", "Lalle, Eleonora", "Bordi, Licia", "Matusali, Giulia", "Colavita, Francesca", "Castilletti, Concetta", "Vairo, Francesco", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria", "Di Caro, Antonino"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459984", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report phylogenetic and mutational analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus strains from the Lazio region of Italy and provide information about the dynamics of virus spread. Data suggest effective containment of clade V strains, but subsequently, multiple waves of clade G strains were circulating widely in Europe."}, {"pmid": 32520743, "title": "Outcomes of Elective Major Cancer Surgery During COVID 19 at Tata Memorial Centre: Implications for Cancer Care Policy.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Shrikhande, Shailesh V", "Pai, Prathmesh S", "Bhandare, Manish S", "Bakshi, Ganesh", "Chaukar, Devendra A", "Chaturvedi, Pankaj", "Goel, Mahesh", "Gulia, Ashish", "Qureshi, Sajid S", "Maheshwari, Amita", "Moiyadi, Aliasgar", "Nair, Sudhir", "Nair, Nita S", "Karimundackal, George", "Saklani, Avanish P", "Shankhadhar, Vinay K", "Parmar, Vani", "Divatia, Jigeeshu V", "Pramesh, C S", "Puri, Ajay", "Badwe, Rajendra A"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520743", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Overburdened systems and concerns of adverse outcomes have resulted in deferred cancer surgeries with devastating consequences. In this COVID pandemic, the decision to continue elective cancer surgeries, and their subsequent outcomes, are sparsely reported from hotspots. A prospective database of the Department of Surgical Oncology was analysed from March 23rd to April 30th, 2020. Four hundred ninety-four elective surgeries were performed (377 untested and 117 tested for Covid 19 before surgery). Median age was 48 years with 13% (n = 64) above the age of 60 years. Sixty-eight percent patients were American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) grade I. As per surgical complexity grading, 71 (14\u00b74%) cases were lower grade (I-III) and 423 (85.6%) were higher grade complex surgeries (IV - VI).Clavien-Dindo \u2265 grade III complications were 5.6% (n = 28) and there were no postoperative deaths. Patients >60 years documented 9.3% major complications compared to 5.2% in <60 years (P = 0.169). The median hospital stay was 1 to 9 days across specialties.Postoperatively, 26 patients were tested for COVID 19 and 6 tested positive. They all had higher grade surgeries but none required escalated or intensive care treatment related to COVID infection. A combination of scientific and administrative rationale contributed to favorable outcomes after major elective cancer surgeries. These results support the continuation of elective major cancer surgery in regions with Covid 19 trends similar to India."}, {"pmid": 32422569, "pmcid": "PMC7227504", "title": "Preparedness of European diagnostic microbiology labs for detection of SARS-CoV-2, March 2020.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Matheeussen, Veerle", "Loens, Katherine", "Lammens, Christine", "Vilken, Tuba", "Koopmans, Marion", "Goossens, Herman", "Ieven, Margareta"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422569", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To track the European spread of SARS-CoV-2, decentralized testing became necessary and test capacity needed to be expanded outside reference laboratories rapidly. We assessed via an online questionnaire the preparedness of European hospital laboratories for detection of SARS-CoV-2 and listed the main drawbacks for implementation. Forty-five percent of the surveyed labs had a test in place by March 26th which is well into the first wave of the pandemic in most countries. The main implementation barriers for introduction of a SARSCoV-2 molecular assay in European diagnostic laboratories were availability of positive controls and a specificity panel."}, {"pmid": 32272081, "pmcid": "PMC7270480", "title": "Understanding pathways to death in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Vincent, Jean-Louis", "Taccone, Fabio S"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272081", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384917, "pmcid": "PMC7209766", "title": "COVID-19 and ECMO: the interplay between coagulation and inflammation-a narrative review.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Kowalewski, Mariusz", "Fina, Dario", "Slomka, Artur", "Raffa, Giuseppe Maria", "Martucci, Gennaro", "Lo Coco, Valeria", "De Piero, Maria Elena", "Ranucci, Marco", "Suwalski, Piotr", "Lorusso, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384917", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has presently become a rapidly spreading and devastating global pandemic. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) may serve as life-saving rescue therapy for refractory respiratory failure in the setting of acute respiratory compromise such as that induced by SARS-CoV-2. While still little is known on the true efficacy of ECMO in this setting, the natural resemblance of seasonal influenza's characteristics with respect to acute onset, initial symptoms, and some complications prompt to ECMO implantation in most severe, pulmonary decompensated patients. The present review summarizes the evidence on ECMO management of severe ARDS in light of recent COVID-19 pandemic, at the same time focusing on differences and similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and ECMO in terms of hematological and inflammatory interplay when these two settings merge."}, {"pmid": 32401322, "title": "A Towering Babel of Risk Information in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Trust and Credibility in Risk Perception and Positive Public Health Behaviors.", "journal": "Fam Med", "authors": ["Mainous, Arch G 3rd"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401322", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339543, "pmcid": "PMC7195067", "title": "Centralization of the ST elevation myocardial infarction care network in the Lombardy region during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Ferlini, Marco", "Andreassi, Aida", "Carugo, Stefano", "Cuccia, Claudio", "Bianchini, Beatrice", "Castiglioni, Battistina", "D' Urbano, Maurizio", "Guagliumi, Giulio", "Lettieri, Corrado", "Lettino, Maddalena", "Marenzi, Giancarlo", "Metra, Marco", "Migliori, Maurizio", "Montorfano, Matteo", "Oliva, Fabrizio", "Savonitto, Stefano", "Seregni, Romano", "Visconti, Luigi Oltrona"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339543", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307550, "pmcid": "PMC7188184", "title": "Down-regulated gene expression spectrum and immune responses changed during the disease progression in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ouyang, Yabo", "Yin, Jiming", "Wang, Wenjing", "Shi, Hongbo", "Shi, Ying", "Xu, Bin", "Qiao, Luxin", "Feng, Yingmei", "Pang, Lijun", "Wei, Feili", "Guo, Xianghua", "Jin, Ronghua", "Chen, Dexi"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307550", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "WHO characterizes novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a pandemic. Here, we investigated the clinical, cytokine levels, T cell proportion and related gene expression occurring in COVID-19 patients on admission and after intial treatment. 11 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 with similar initial treatment regimen were enrolled in the hospital. Plasma cytokines, CyTOF and microfluidic qPCR for gene expression were conducted. 5 mild and 6 severe patients were included. Cough and fever were the top symptoms in the 11 COVID-2019 cases. The elder age, more neutrophils numbers and higher C-reactive protein level were found in severe cases. IL-10 level was significantly varied with disease progression and treatment. The decreased T cell proportions were observed in COVID-19 patients especially in severe cases, and all elevated to normal in mild patiens after initial treatment but only CD4+T cells return to normal in severe cases. The number of DEGs increased with the disease progress, and decreased after initial treatment. All down-regulated DEGs in severe cases mainly involved in Th17 cell differentiation, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway and T cell activation. After initial treatmen in severe cases, MAP2K7 and SOS1 were upregulated relative to that on admission. Our findings show a decreased T cell proportion with down-regulated gene expression related to T cell activation and differentiation were occurred in COVID-19 severe patients, which may help to provide effective treatment strategies for COVID-19 ."}, {"pmid": 32339073, "title": "Do you know how COVID-19 is changing general practice/family medicine education?", "journal": "Educ Prim Care", "authors": ["Michels, Nele R M", "Scherpbier, Nynke", "Karppinen, Helena", "Buchanan, Jo", "Windak, Adam"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339073", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286909, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: What Every Otolaryngologist-Head and Neck Surgeon Needs to Know for Safe Airway Management.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Balakrishnan, Karthik", "Schechtman, Samuel", "Hogikyan, Norman D", "Teoh, Anthony Y B", "McGrath, Brendan", "Brenner, Michael J"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286909", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has unfolded with remarkable speed, posing unprecedented challenges for health care systems and society. Otolaryngologists have a special role in responding to this crisis by virtue of expertise in airway management. Against the backdrop of nations struggling to contain the virus's spread and to manage hospital strain, otolaryngologists must partner with anesthesiologists and front-line health care teams to provide expert services in high-risk situations while reducing transmission. Airway management and airway endoscopy, whether awake or sedated, expose operators to infectious aerosols, posing risks to staff. This commentary provides background on the outbreak, highlights critical considerations around mitigating infectious aerosol contact, and outlines best practices for airway-related clinical decision making during the COVID-19 pandemic. What otolaryngologists need to know and what actions are required are considered alongside the implications of increasing demand for tracheostomy. Approaches to managing the airway are presented, emphasizing safety of patients and the health care team."}, {"pmid": 32387329, "pmcid": "PMC7202840", "title": "Reply to comment on \"Should anti-diabetic medications be reconsidered amid COVID-19 pandemic?\"", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Pal, Rimesh", "Bhadada, Sanjay K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387329", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438820, "title": "Teleconsultation and Diabetes Care Amid COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Scopes and Challenges.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Banerjee, Mainak", "Chakraborty, Soumen", "Pal, Rimesh"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438820", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382897, "pmcid": "PMC7203714", "title": "[The 2020 Corona Pandemic-Beyond Omnipresent Prevention].", "journal": "NTM", "authors": ["Rengeling, David"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382897", "countries": ["Germany", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper is part of Forum COVID-19: Perspectives in the Humanities and Social Sciences. The Spanish Flu 1918-1920 caused between 50 and 100 million deaths. Despite this, West German officials ignored the pandemics of 1957/1958 and 1968-1970. Patient perseverance seems to be an appropriate label for the lack of any action. The appearance of new viruses had a\u00a0massive impact on the discourse concerning pandemics: \"patient perseverance\" became \"omnipresent prevention.\" The actual measures against SARS-CoV\u20112 exceed the \"omnipresent prevention\" used during the 2009 swine flu pandemic by far."}, {"pmid": 32409832, "pmcid": "PMC7239253", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic : Time to revive the cyclophilin inhibitor alisporivir.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409832", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "December 2019 saw the emergence of a new epidemic of pneumonia of varying severity, called COVID-19, caused by a newly identified coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. No therapeutic option is available to treat this infection that has already killed more than 235,000 people worldwide. This Viewpoint summarizes the strong scientific arguments supporting the use of alisporivir, a non-immunosuppressive analogue of cyclosporine A with potent cyclophilin inhibition properties that has reached Phase 3 clinical development, for the treatment of COVID-19. They include the strong cyclophilin dependency of the lifecycle of many coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and preclinical data showing strong antiviral and cytoprotective properties of alisporivir in various models of coronavirus infection, including SARS-CoV-2. Alisporivir should be tested without delay on both virological and clinical endpoints in patients with or at-risk of severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32413176, "title": "The emergence of methemoglobinemia amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Naymagon, Leonard", "Berwick, Shana", "Kessler, Alaina", "Lancman, Guido", "Gidwani, Umesh", "Troy, Kevin"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413176", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413697, "pmcid": "PMC7201243", "title": "Wide complex tachycardia in a COVID-19 patient: What is the mechanism?", "journal": "J Electrocardiol", "authors": ["Reddy, Vivek", "Reddy, Vickram", "Mangat, Satwant", "Shokr, Mohamed", "Kundumadam, Shanker", "Laharwani, Hansini"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413697", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358855, "pmcid": "PMC7267533", "title": "Tracheostomy during COVID-19 pandemic-Novel approach.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Chow, Velda Ling Yu", "Chan, Jimmy Yu Wai", "Ho, Valerie Wai Yee", "Pang, Sherby Suet Ying", "Lee, George Chung Ching", "Wong, Melody Man Kuen", "Lo, Arthur Shing Ho", "Lui, Frances", "Poon, Clara Ching Mei", "Wong, Stanley Thian Sze"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358855", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study describes a novel approach in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission during tracheostomy. Five patients underwent tracheostomy between April 1, 2020 and April 17, 2020. A clear and sterile plastic drape was used as an additional physical barrier against droplets and aerosols. Operative diagnosis; droplet count and distribution on plastic sheet and face shields were documented. Tracheostomy was performed for patients with carcinoma of tonsil (n = 2) and nasopharynx (n = 1), and aspiration pneumonia (n = 2). Droplet contamination was noted on all plastic sheets (n = 5). Droplet contamination was most severe over the central surface at 91.5% (86.7%-100.0%) followed by the left and right lateral surfaces at 5.2% (6.7%-10.0%) and 3.3% (6.7%-10.0%), respectively. No droplet contamination was noted on all face shields. Plastic drapes can help reduce viral transmission to health care providers during tracheostomy. Face shields may be spared which in turn helps to conserve resources during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32253113, "pmcid": "PMC7141445", "title": "COVID-19: Yet another coronavirus challenge in transplantation.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Aslam, Saima", "Mehra, Mandeep R"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253113", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251203, "pmcid": "PMC7172975", "title": "Managing patients with chronic pain during the COVID-19 outbreak: considerations for the rapid introduction of remotely supported (eHealth) pain management services.", "journal": "Pain", "authors": ["Eccleston, Christopher", "Blyth, Fiona M", "Dear, Blake F", "Fisher, Emma A", "Keefe, Francis J", "Lynch, Mary E", "Palermo, Tonya M", "Reid, M Carrington", "Williams, Amanda C de C"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251203", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468890, "title": "Preparedness of medical education in China: Lessons from the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Med Teach", "authors": ["Yang, Da-Ya", "Cheng, Shu-Yuan", "Wang, Shu-Zhen", "Wang, Jin-Song", "Kuang, Ming", "Wang, Ting-Huai", "Xiao, Hai-Peng"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468890", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak can be seen as a 'big test' for China; a summative assessment of its preparedness on multiple fronts, including medical education. Being intimately involved in the coordinated response, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University has been a first-hand witness to the strengths and weaknesses of the current medical education system in China. On the one hand, we believe that the distinguished contributions in disease containment efforts by healthcare professionals indicated that our medical education system has achieved its intended outcomes and is socially accountable. On the other hand, we have also identified three major issues that need to be addressed from an educational standpoint: insufficient emphasis on public health emergency preparedness; unsophisticated mechanisms for interdisciplinary cooperation; and inadequate guidance in medical ethics. Whilst these reflections might be seen in its summative form, we would suggest changing it to that of a formative process, where we learn from our assessment through observation and feedback of the gaps, upon which improvement of our present situation can be made. We hope that these lessons may be helpful to our colleagues in the rest of China and around the world, who are engaged in medical educational reform."}, {"pmid": 32525558, "title": "New IgM seroconversion and positive RT-PCR test after exposure to the virus in recovered COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Bentivegna, E", "Sentimentale, A", "Luciani, M", "Speranza, M L", "Guerritore, L", "Martelletti, P"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525558", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, understanding whether acquired immunity and presence of anti SARS-Cov2 antibodies protects against reinfection is one the most important focus of the scientific community [1-2]. Several studies suggest that acquired immunity may protect upon further exposure to SARS-COV2 [3-6]. Contrary to this picture, we describe a case of a patient recovered from COVID-19 pneumonia with positive serology, followed up by 6 negative nasopharyngeal swab-PCR tests performed along 1 month, who later on, after exposure to the virus, presented another positive RT-PCR test and a second IgM seroconversion. This report opens up several possible interpretations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32388564, "pmcid": "PMC7239114", "title": "In Reply: COVID-19 Infection Affects Surgical Outcome of Chronic Subdural Hematoma.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Talamonti, Giuseppe", "D'Aliberti, Giuseppe", "Cenzato, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388564", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514859, "title": "Drug-Induced Liver Injury and COVID-19 Infection: The Rules Remain the Same.", "journal": "Drug Saf", "authors": ["Olry, Alexandre", "Meunier, Lucy", "Delire, Benedicte", "Larrey, Dominique", "Horsmans, Yves", "Le Louet, Herve"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514859", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293710, "pmcid": "PMC7262330", "title": "Hyperglycemia, hydroxychloroquine, and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Brufsky, Adam"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293710", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)\u00a0infection and its severity can be explained by the concentration of glycosylated severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral particles in the lung epithelium, the concentration of glycosylated angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor 2 (ACE2) in the lung epithelium, and the degree and control of the pulmonary immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at approximately day 8 to 10 after symptom onset, which may be related to both. Binding of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 also suggests that prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia, and not just a history of diabetes mellitus, may be important in the pathogenesis of the disease. It is tempting to consider that the same mechanism acts in COVID-19 as in SARS, where an overactive macrophage M1 inflammatory response, as neutralizing antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein form at day 7 to 10, results in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in susceptible patients. It also allows consideration of agents, such as hydroxychloroquine, which may interfere with this overly brisk macrophage inflammatory response and perhaps influence the course of the disease, in particular, those that blunt but do not completely abrogate the M1 to M2 balance in macrophage polarization, as well as viral load, which in SARS appears to be temporally related to the onset of ARDS."}, {"pmid": 32283223, "pmcid": "PMC7195000", "title": "Plausibility of therapeutic effects of Rho kinase inhibitors against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Abedi, Farshad", "Rezaee, Ramin", "Karimi, Gholamreza"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283223", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520513, "title": "Atypical Presentation of COVID-19 Incidentally Detected at 18F-FDG PET/CT in an Asymptomatic Oncological Patient.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Mattoli, Maria Vittoria", "Taralli, Silvia", "Pennese, Elsa", "D'Angelo, Carla", "Angrilli, Francesco", "Villano, Carlo"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520513", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The incidence of COVID-19, a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2, is rapidly growing worldwide. In this pandemic period, the chance of incidental pulmonary findings suggestive of COVID-19 at F-FDG PET/CT in asymptomatic oncological patients is not negligible. To suspect COVID-19 is more demanding whether its presentation is atypical. We describe the incidental PET/CT detection of an F-FDG-avid isolated centrilobular pulmonary consolidation in an asymptomatic lymphoma patient, which later resulted in an unexpected and atypical COVID-19 presentation. The nuclear medicine physicians should be prepared to suspect COVID-19 even in asymptomatic patients presenting with a \"far-from-COVID-19\" finding at PET/CT."}, {"pmid": 32400859, "pmcid": "PMC7239212", "title": "Complicated Alcohol Withdrawal-An Unintended Consequence of COVID-19 Lockdown.", "journal": "Alcohol Alcohol", "authors": ["Narasimha, Venkata Lakshmi", "Shukla, Lekhansh", "Mukherjee, Diptadhi", "Menon, Jayakrishnan", "Huddar, Sudheendra", "Panda, Udit Kumar", "Mahadevan, Jayant", "Kandasamy, Arun", "Chand, Prabhat K", "Benegal, Vivek", "Murthy, Pratima"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400859", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the impact of COVID-19-related lockdown in India on alcohol-dependent persons. We examined the change in the incidence of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome presenting to hospitals in the city of Bangalore. A changepoint analysis of the time series data (between 01.01.20 to 11.04.20) showed an increase in the average number of cases from 4 to 8 per day (likelihood ratio test: \u03c72\u00a0=\u00a072, df\u00a0=\u00a02, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). An unintended consequence of the lockdown was serious illness in some patients with alcohol use disorders."}, {"pmid": 32523979, "pmcid": "PMC7274840", "title": "Impact of enhanced personal protective equipment on colonoscopy performance during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Endosc Int Open", "authors": ["Teh, Kevin Kim Jun", "Tay, Shu Wen", "Chen, Kaina", "Koh, Samantha Jingyun", "Wong, Yu Jun", "Kwek, Andrew Boon Eu", "Li, James Weiquan", "Fock, Kwong Ming", "Teo, Eng Kiong", "Ang, Tiing Leong", "Tan, Malcolm Teck Kiang"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and study aims\u2002 Using personal protective equipment (PPE) can reduce risk of disease transmission. During the COVID-19 pandemic, enhanced PPE (EPPE) is recommended when performing endoscopy. We aimed to evaluate the impact of EPPE on colonoscopy performance when compared to standard PPE (SPPE). Patients and methods\u2002 A review of electronic medical records and endoscopy reports of consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy during two similar one-month time periods (in 2019 and during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020) was performed. SPPE was used in 2019 and EPPE was used in 2020. Patient clinical data and procedure-related information were captured and analyzed. The primary outcomes were time to cecum (TTC) and total procedure time. Secondary outcomes were adenoma detection rate (ADR), polyp detection rate (PDR) and cecal intubation rate (CIR). Statistical analysis was performed using STATA v16.1. Results\u2002 Two hundred and forty-seven colonoscopy procedures were analyzed. Baseline demographics and indications for colonoscopy of patients in both groups were similar. There were no significant differences in median TTC (10.0 vs 10.0\u200amin, P \u200a=\u200a0.524) or total procedure time (22.5 vs 23.0\u200amin, P \u200a=\u200a0.946) between colonoscopy performed in SPPE and EPPE. The ADR, PDR and CIR were also similar. Conclusion\u2002 Our findings suggest that use of EPPE does not affect colonoscopy performance."}, {"pmid": 32495178, "pmcid": "PMC7268177", "title": "Preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary pediatric radiology department.", "journal": "Pediatr Radiol", "authors": ["Ertl-Wagner, Birgit B", "Lee, Wayne", "Manson, David E", "Amaral, Joao G", "Bojic, Zoran", "Cote, Michelle S", "Fernandes, Joanne M", "Murray, Darlene", "Shammas, Amer", "Therrien-Miller, Natalie", "Shroff, Manohar M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495178", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366611, "title": "Severe Pediatric COVID-19 Presenting With Respiratory Failure and Severe Thrombocytopenia.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Patel, Pratik A", "Chandrakasan, Shanmuganathan", "Mickells, Geoffrey E", "Yildirim, Inci", "Kao, Carol M", "Bennett, Carolyn M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366611", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518842, "pmcid": "PMC7255910", "title": "Inferring the number of COVID-19 cases from recently reported deaths.", "journal": "Wellcome Open Res", "authors": ["Jombart, Thibaut", "van Zandvoort, Kevin", "Russell, Timothy W", "Jarvis, Christopher I", "Gimma, Amy", "Abbott, Sam", "Clifford, Sam", "Funk, Sebastian", "Gibbs, Hamish", "Liu, Yang", "Pearson, Carl A B", "Bosse, Nikos I", "Eggo, Rosalind M", "Kucharski, Adam J", "Edmunds, W John"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518842", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We estimate the number of COVID-19 cases from newly reported deaths in a population without previous reports. Our results suggest that by the time a single death occurs, hundreds to thousands of cases are likely to be present in that population. This suggests containment via contact tracing will be challenging at this point, and other response strategies should be considered. Our approach is implemented in a publicly available, user-friendly, online tool."}, {"pmid": 32251498, "pmcid": "PMC7184512", "title": "Hypertension and COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Hypertens", "authors": ["Schiffrin, Ernesto L", "Flack, John M", "Ito, Sadayoshi", "Muntner, Paul", "Webb, R Clinton"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251498", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270992, "title": "COVID-19, or the triumph of monogamy?", "journal": "Minerva Endocrinol", "authors": ["Aversa, Antonio", "Jannini, Emmanuele A"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270992", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522565, "title": "Initial Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Asthma Emergency Department Utilization.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Kenyon, Chen C", "Hill, David A", "Henrickson, Sarah E", "Bryant-Stephens, Tyra C", "Zorc, Joseph J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522565", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425691, "pmcid": "PMC7229942", "title": "ISEV and ISCT statement on EVs from MSCs and other cells: considerations for potential therapeutic agents to suppress COVID-19.", "journal": "Cytotherapy", "authors": ["Borger, Verena", "Weiss, Daniel J", "Anderson, Johnathon D", "Borras, Francesc E", "Bussolati, Benedetta", "Carter, David R F", "Dominici, Massimo", "Falcon-Perez, Juan M", "Gimona, Mario", "Hill, Andrew F", "Hoffman, Andrew M", "de Kleijn, Dominique", "Levine, Bruce L", "Lim, Rebecca", "Lotvall, Jan", "Mitsialis, S Alex", "Monguio-Tortajada, Marta", "Muraca, Maurizio", "Nieuwland, Rienk", "Nowocin, Anna", "O'Driscoll, Lorraine", "Ortiz, Luis A", "Phinney, Donald G", "Reischl, Ilona", "Rohde, Eva", "Sanzenbacher, Ralf", "Thery, Clotilde", "Toh, Wei Seong", "Witwer, Kenneth W", "Lim, Sai Kiang", "Giebel, Bernd"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425691", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32019636, "pmcid": "PMC7014669", "title": "Note from the editors: World Health Organization declares novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) sixth public health emergency of international concern.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Eurosurveillance Editorial Team"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32019636", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386190, "title": "Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Lapic, Ivana", "Rogic, Dunja", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386190", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234724, "pmcid": "PMC7162441", "title": "Lung ultrasound findings in a 64-year-old woman with COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Thomas, Adam", "Haljan, Greg", "Mitra, Anish"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234724", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441770, "title": "A Hospital Partnership with a Nursing Home Experiencing a COVID-19 Outbreak: Description of a Multi-Phase Emergency Response in Toronto, Canada.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Stall, Nathan M", "Farquharson, Carolyn", "Fan-Lun, Chris", "Wiesenfeld, Lesley", "Loftus, Carla A", "Kain, Dylan", "Johnstone, Jennie", "McCreight, Liz", "Goldman, Russell D", "Mahtani, Ramona"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441770", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nursing homes have become \"ground zero\" for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in North America, with homes experiencing widespread outbreaks, resulting in severe morbidity and mortality among their residents. This article describes a 371-bed acute-care hospital's emergency response to a 126-bed nursing home experiencing a COVID-19 outbreak in Toronto, Canada. Like other healthcare system responses to COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes, this hospital-nursing home partnership can be characterized in several phases: (1) engagement, relationship, and trust building; (2) environmental scan, team building, and immediate response; (3) early-phase response; and (4) stabilization and transition period."}, {"pmid": 32273591, "title": "The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape.", "journal": "Nat Rev Drug Discov", "authors": ["Thanh Le, Tung", "Andreadakis, Zacharias", "Kumar, Arun", "Gomez Roman, Raul", "Tollefsen, Stig", "Saville, Melanie", "Mayhew, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273591", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317164, "pmcid": "PMC7166252", "title": "[Clozapine prescription in the wake of the coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) outbreak: What measures? Why?]", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Ben Dhia, A", "Hamzaoui, S", "Mouaffak, F"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317164", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311350, "pmcid": "PMC7165087", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 during pregnancy: a systematic review of reported cases.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Della Gatta, Anna Nunzia", "Rizzo, Roberta", "Pilu, Gianluigi", "Simonazzi, Giuliana"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311350", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the clinical outcomes reported for pregnant patients with coronavirus disease\u00a02019. The PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases were searched using a combination of key words such as \"Coronavirus and/or pregnancy,\" \"COVID and/or pregnancy,\" \"COVID disease and/or pregnancy,\" and \"COVID pneumonia and/or pregnancy.\" There was no restriction of language to allow collection of as many cases as possible. All studies of pregnant women who received a coronavirus disease 2019 diagnosis using acid nucleic test, with reported data about pregnancy, and, in case of delivery, reported outcomes, were included. All the studies included have been evaluated according to the tool for evaluating the methodological quality of case reports and case series described by Murad et\u00a0al. Six studies that involved 51 pregnant women were eligible for the systematic review. At the time of the report, 3 pregnancies were ongoing; of the remaining 48 pregnant women, 46 gave birth by cesarean delivery, and 2 gave birth vaginally; in this study, 1 stillbirth and 1 neonatal death were reported. Although vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has been excluded thus far and the outcome for mothers and neonates has been generally good, the high rate of preterm delivery by cesarean delivery is a reason for concern. Cesarean delivery was typically an elective surgical intervention, and it is reasonable to question whether cesarean delivery for pregnant patients with coronavirus disease 2019 was warranted. Coronavirus disease 2019 associated with respiratory insufficiency in late pregnancies certainly creates a complex clinical scenario."}, {"pmid": 32329930, "pmcid": "PMC7264744", "title": "Handling of allergen immunotherapy in the COVID-19 pandemic: An ARIA-EAACI statement.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Klimek, Ludger", "Jutel, Marek", "Akdis, Cezmi", "Bousquet, Jean", "Akdis, Mubeccel", "Bachert, Claus", "Agache, Ioana", "Ansotegui, Ignacio", "Bedbrook, Anna", "Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia", "Canonica, Giorgio W", "Chivato, Tomas", "Cruz, Alvaro A", "Czarlewski, Wiencyslawa", "Giacco, Stefano Del", "Du, Hui", "Fonseca, Joao A", "Gao, Yadong", "Haahtela, Tari", "Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin", "Ivancevich, Juan-Carlos", "Khaltaev, Nikolai", "Knol, Edward F", "Kuna, Piotr", "Larenas-Linnemann, Desiree", "Melen, Erik", "Mullol, Joaquim", "Naclerio, Robert", "Ohta, Ken", "Okamoto, Yoshitaka", "O'Mahony, Liam", "Onorato, Gabrielle L", "Papadopoulos, Nikos G", "Pawankar, Ruby", "Pfaar, Oliver", "Samolinski, Boleslaw", "Schwarze, Jurgen", "Toppila-Salmi, Sanna", "Shamji, Mohamed H", "Ventura, Maria Teresa", "Valiulis, Arunas", "Yorgancioglu, Arzu", "Matricardi, Paolo", "Zuberbier, Torsten"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329930", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic influences many areas of social life, medical treatments and the way allergy is performed. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is one of the most important treatment options for IgE-mediated allergies and is based on immunological effects on the diseased patient."}, {"pmid": 32203376, "title": "Covert coronavirus infections could be seeding new outbreaks.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Qiu, Jane"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203376", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388327, "pmcid": "PMC7198411", "title": "Editorial: Herd mentality, herds of migrants/people, and COVID-19 in India.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388327", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32166607, "pmcid": "PMC7090728", "title": "A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Singhal, Tanu"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166607", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a new public health crises threatening the world with the emergence and spread of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus originated in bats and was transmitted to humans through yet unknown intermediary animals in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019. There have been around 96,000 reported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and 3300 reported deaths to date (05/03/2020). The disease is transmitted by inhalation or contact with infected droplets and the incubation period ranges from 2 to 14 d. The symptoms are usually fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, malaise among others. The disease is mild in most people; in some (usually the elderly and those with comorbidities), it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi organ dysfunction. Many people are asymptomatic. The case fatality rate is estimated to range from 2 to 3%. Diagnosis is by demonstration of the virus in respiratory secretions by special molecular tests. Common laboratory findings include normal/ low white cell counts with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is essentially supportive; role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. Prevention entails home isolation of suspected cases and those with mild illnesses and strict infection control measures at hospitals that include contact and droplet precautions. The virus spreads faster than its two ancestors the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. The global impact of this new epidemic is yet uncertain."}, {"pmid": 32449178, "title": "Uptrend in distress and psychiatric symptomatology in pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Berthelot, Nicolas", "Lemieux, Roxanne", "Garon-Bissonnette, Julia", "Drouin-Maziade, Christine", "Martel, Elodie", "Maziade, Michel"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449178", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prenatal maternal distress has a negative impact on the course of pregnancy, fetal development, offspring development, and later psychopathologies. The study aimed to determine the extent to which the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may aggravate the prenatal distress and psychiatric symptomatology of pregnant women. Two cohorts of pregnant volunteer women were evaluated, one that was recruited before the COVID-19 pandemic (n\u00a0=\u00a0496) through advertisements in prenatal clinics in Quebec, Canada, from April 2018 to March 2020; the other (n\u00a0=\u00a01258) was recruited online during the pandemic from 2 April to 13 April 2020. Prenatal distress and psychiatric symptomatology were measured with the Kessler Distress Scale (K10), Post-traumatic Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The 1754 pregnant women (Mage \u00a0=\u00a029.27, SD\u00a0=\u00a04.23) were between 4 and 41 gestational weeks (M\u00a0=\u00a024.80, SD\u00a0=\u00a09.42), were generally educated (91.3% had post-high-school training), and financially well-resourced (85.3% were above the low-income cut-off). A multivariate analysis of covariance controlling for age, gestational age, household income, education, and lifetime psychiatric disorders showed a large effect size (ES) in the difference between the two cohorts on psychiatric symptoms (Wilks' \u03bb\u00a0=\u00a00.68, F6,1400 \u00a0=\u00a0108.50, P\u00a0<\u00a0.001, partial \u03b72 \u00a0=\u00a00.32). According to post-hoc analyses of covariance, the COVID-19 women reported higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms (ES\u00a0=\u00a00.57), dissociative symptoms (ES\u00a0=\u00a00.22 and ES\u00a0=\u00a00.25), symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (ES\u00a0=\u00a00.19), and negative affectivity (ES\u00a0=\u00a00.96), and less positive affectivity (ES\u00a0=\u00a00.95) than the pre-COVID-19 cohort. Women from the COVID-19 cohort were more likely than pre-COVID-19 women to present clinically significant levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.94, \u03c72 [1]\u00a0=\u00a010.05, P\u00a0=\u00a0.002). Multiple regression analyses indicated that pregnant women in the COVID-19 cohort having a previous psychiatric diagnosis or low income would be more prone to elevated distress and psychiatric symptoms. Pregnant women assessed during the COVID-19 pandemic reported more distress and psychiatric symptoms than pregnant women assessed before the pandemic, mainly in the form of depression and anxiety symptoms. Given the harmful consequences of prenatal distress on mothers and offspring, the presently observed upsurge of symptoms in pregnant women calls for special means of clinical surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32532740, "title": "Scope, quality, and inclusivity of clinical guidelines produced early in the covid-19 pandemic: rapid review.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532740", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438425, "title": "COVID-19 in Pregnant Women: Case Series from One Large New York City Obstetrical Practice.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Fox, Nathan S", "Melka, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438425", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2003This study aimed to report a case series of pregnant women in New York City with confirmed or presumed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. \u2003Beginning March 22, 2020, all pregnant women from one large obstetrical practice in New York City were contacted regularly to inquire about symptoms of COVID-19 (fever, cough, shortness of breath, malaise, anosmia), or sick contacts. A running log was kept of these patients, as well as all patients who underwent COVID-19 testing. For this report, we included every patient with suspected COVID-19 infection, which was defined as at least two symptoms, or a positive COVID-19 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction test. \u2003From March 22, 2020 until April 30, 2020, 757 pregnant women in our practice were evaluated and 92 had known or suspected COVID-19 (12.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.0-14.7%). Of these 92 women, 33 (36%) had positive COVID-19 test results. Only one woman required hospital admission for 5 days due to COVID-19 (1.1%, 95% CI: 0.2-5.9%). One other woman received home oxygen. No women required mechanical ventilation and there were no maternal deaths. One woman had an unexplained fetal demise at 14 weeks' gestation around the time of her COVID-19 symptoms. Twenty one of the 92 women have delivered, and all were uncomplicated. \u2003Among 92 women with confirmed or presumed COVID-19, the overall morbidity was low. These preliminary results are encouraging for pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. \u00b7 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is prevalent in New York City.. \u00b7 In this case series, COVID-19 in pregnant women had a very low morbidity and no mortality.. \u00b7 This preliminary data is reassuring for pregnant women at risk of COVID-19.."}, {"pmid": 32483015, "title": "The Father-Daughter Dinner Dance: A Waltz With Ethics and COVID-19 Commentary on \"The Father-Daughter Dinner Dance: A Waltz With Ethics and COVID-19\".", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Soklaridis, Sophie"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483015", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329980, "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection masquerading as possible pulmonary embolism.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Mlodozeniec, Aleksandra", "Gala-Bladzinska, Agnieszka"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329980", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376401, "pmcid": "PMC7252043", "title": "Fatal COVID-19 infections: Is NK cell dysfunction a link with autoimmune HLH?", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Osman, Mohammed S", "van Eeden, Charmaine", "Cohen Tervaert, Jan Willem"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376401", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366728, "title": "Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Institution Experience.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Singh, Kuldeep", "Srivastav, Shival", "Bhardwaj, Abhishek", "Dixit, Abhinav", "Misra, Sanjeev"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366728", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social distancing to curb the COVID-19 pandemic has caused suspension of classroom teaching in all educational institutions. We implemented a novel online classroom platform at our institute to continue medical education. The program attracted encouraging feedback from the students. It may serve as a model for uninterrupted teaching and training during times of crisis."}, {"pmid": 32384021, "title": "The Day the Earth Stood Still: COVID-19.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Doarn, Charles R", "Merrell, Ronald C"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384021", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513189, "title": "The health equity in all policies (HEiAP) approach before and beyond the Covid-19 pandemic in the Italian context.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Bucciardini, R", "Contoli, B", "De Castro, P", "Donfrancesco, C", "Falzano, L", "Ferrelli, R", "Giammarioli, A M", "Mattioli, B", "Medda, E", "Minardi, V", "Minelli, G", "Palmieri, L", "Pasetto, R", "Pizzi, E", "Rossi, S", "Venerosi, A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513189", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384299, "pmcid": "PMC7236854", "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Implications for Cardiovascular and Socially At-risk Populations.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Nurs", "authors": ["Dennison Himmelfarb, Cheryl R", "Baptiste, Diana"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384299", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405229, "pmcid": "PMC7217779", "title": "COVID-19, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases: Should we change the therapy?", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Tadic, Marijana", "Cuspidi, Cesare", "Mancia, Giuseppe", "Dell'Oro, Raffaella", "Grassi, Guido"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405229", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32315600, "pmcid": "PMC7146688", "title": "Re: Ventilation-Perfusion Scans During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Kooraki, Soheil", "Hosseiny, Melina", "Myers, Lee", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315600", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347359, "pmcid": "PMC7187669", "title": "Seeking and destroying the evils from the inside-translating cancer immunity to fight COVID-19.", "journal": "Cancer Immunol Immunother", "authors": ["Dong, Haidong"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347359", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439074, "pmcid": "PMC7205730", "title": "COVID-19 and Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine: Is There Ophthalmological Concern?", "journal": "Am J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Marmor, Michael F"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439074", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479911, "pmcid": "PMC7256557", "title": "COVID-19-associated encephalitis mimicking glial tumor: a case report.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Efe, Ibrahim Efecan", "Aydin, Orhun Utku", "Alabulut, Alper", "Celik, Ozgur", "Aydin, Kerameddin"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479911", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reports on neurologic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have attracted broad attention. We present an unusual case of COVID-19-associated encephalitis mimicking a glial tumor. A 35-year-old woman presented with headache and seizures. T2 fluid-attenuated inverse recovery imaging showed hyperintensities in the left temporal lobe. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed an elevated choline peak. Imaging findings were suggestive of high-grade glioma. Antiepileptic medication failed to achieve seizure control. A left anterior temporal lobectomy was performed. The patient had no postoperative deficits, and her symptoms completely improved. Histologic examination revealed encephalitis. Postoperatively, our patient tested positive for COVID-19. Our case raises awareness of neurologic manifestations of the disease and their potential to mimic glial tumors. For prompt diagnosis and prevention of transmission, clinicians should consider COVID-19 in patients with similar presentation."}, {"pmid": 32405150, "pmcid": "PMC7219372", "title": "Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Sanguino, Clara", "Ausin, Berta", "Castellanos, Miguel Angel", "Saiz, Jesus", "Lopez-Gomez, Aida", "Ugidos, Carolina", "Munoz, Manuel"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405150", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by Covid-19 has been an unprecedented social and health emergency worldwide. This is the first study in the scientific literature reporting the psychological impact of the Covid-19 outbreak in a sample of the Spanish population. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey of 3480 people. The presence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was evaluated with screening tests from 14 March. Sociodemographic and Covid-19-related data was collected. Additionally, spiritual well-being, loneliness, social support, discrimination and sense of belonging were assessed. Descriptive analyses were carried out and linear regression models compiled. The 18.7% of the sample revealed depressive, 21.6% anxiety and 15.8% PTSD symptoms. Being in the older age group, having economic stability and the belief that adequate information had been provided about the pandemic were negatively related to depression, anxiety and PTSD. However, female gender, previous diagnoses of mental health problems or neurological disorders, having symptoms associated with the virus, or those with a close relative infected were associated with greater symptomatology in all three variables. Predictive models revealed that the greatest protector for symptomatology was spiritual well-being, while loneliness was the strongest predictor of depression, anxiety and PTSD. The impact on our mental health caused by the pandemic and the measures adopted during the first weeks to deal with it are evident. In addition, it is possible to identify the need of greater psychological support in general and in certain particularly vulnerable groups."}, {"pmid": 32439211, "pmcid": "PMC7211674", "title": "Immune checkpoint inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 infected cancer patients: the spark that ignites the fire?", "journal": "Lung Cancer", "authors": ["Di Noia, Vincenzo", "D'Aveni, Alessandro", "Squadroni, Michela", "Beretta, Giordano Domenico", "Ceresoli, Giovanni Luca"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439211", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524646, "title": "Lithium as a candidate treatment for COVID-19: Promises and pitfalls.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Rajkumar, Ravi Philip"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524646", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-nCoV-2) is a global health crisis. Despite numerous preliminary results, there is as yet no treatment of proven efficacy for this condition. In this context, the pharmacological properties of lithium, better known as a treatment for mood disorders, merit closer examination. Lithium has shown in vitro efficacy at inhibiting the replication of coronaviruses responsible for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in animals. It has immunomodulatory properties that may be of additional benefit in moderating the host inflammatory response to the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Furthermore, there is evidence that lithium may exert a protective action against upper respiratory infections and influenza-like illnesses in patients taking it for other indications. These promising reports must be balanced against the narrow therapeutic index and high risk of toxicity associated with lithium therapy, its documented interactions with several commonly used drugs, and the absence of evidence of its efficacy against coronaviruses responsible for human disease. Nevertheless, naturalistic studies of the risk of COVID-19 in patients already receiving lithium could provide indirect evidence of its efficacy, and understanding the putative antiviral and immune-regulatory mechanisms of lithium in models of SARS-CoV-2 infection may provide leads for the development of safer and more effective treatments with a specific action against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32369010, "pmcid": "PMC7197957", "title": "The potential impact of COVID-19 on the Canadian Resident Matching Service: Unique future challenges faced by urology residency programs and applicants.", "journal": "Can Urol Assoc J", "authors": ["Mann, Uday", "Nayak, Jasmir G"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369010", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437739, "pmcid": "PMC7211718", "title": "Safety and efficacy of early high-dose IV anakinra in severe COVID-19 lung disease.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Pontali, Emanuele", "Volpi, Stefano", "Antonucci, Giancarlo", "Castellaneta, Marco", "Buzzi, Davide", "Tricerri, Francesca", "Angelelli, Alessia", "Caorsi, Roberta", "Feasi, Marcello", "Calautti, Francesca", "Castagnola, Elio", "Rollandi, Gian Andrea", "Ravelli, Angelo", "Cassola, Giovanni", "Gattorno, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437739", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362015, "pmcid": "PMC7267434", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic Illuminates Persistent and Emerging Disparities among Rural Black Populations.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Zahnd, Whitney E"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362015", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402462, "pmcid": "PMC7201242", "title": "Letter to editor regarding Ogen Y 2020 paper: \"Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality\".", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Chudnovsky, Alexandra A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402462", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211911, "title": "A midpoint perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Hsu, Li Yang", "Chia, Po Ying", "Vasoo, Shawn"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211911", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) epidemic has spread to virtually every continent in the world. Despite Singapore's efforts, sustained community transmission of the virus has continued. We herein describe several key experiences and lessons learnt during the early course of the outbreak. First, it is critical to evaluate the outbreak objectively based on its own characteristics and not those of past epidemics. Second, the great advancements in speed and power of science and international collaboration have been critical in providing knowledge about the virus and disease. Third, public risk communications and the need to combat false information and rumours are even more crucial in this age of social media and viral information spread. Lastly, outbreak control and mitigation goes beyond the healthcare sector. The many lessons learnt will serve as a blueprint for dealing with future pandemics, but a sustainable new normal is required for the immediate future."}, {"pmid": 32487320, "pmcid": "PMC7261069", "title": "Cancer surgery sustainability in the light of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Elanko, Afsana", "Khan, Jim", "Hamady, Zaed Zr", "Malik, Hassan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487320", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340048, "title": "[COVID-19 Pandemic: Stress Experience of Healthcare Workers - A Short Current Review].", "journal": "Psychiatr Prax", "authors": ["Bohlken, Jens", "Schomig, Friederike", "Lemke, Matthias R", "Pumberger, Matthias", "Riedel-Heller, Steffi G"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340048", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Review of studies on the psychological stress of healthcare workers caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A literature search of PubMed was performed using the terms \"COVID-19\", \"stress\", \"mental health\", \"healthcare worker\", \"staff\", \"psychiatry\". Quantitative studies (including letters to the editor) published from January to March 2020 were included. 14 studies on healthcare workers in departments of infectiology, internal medicine, and fever wards including intensive care wards as well as surgery and psychiatry, were included. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ9), Self-rating-Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) were the most often used test instruments. The sample size ranged between 37 and 1257 participants consisting of mostly nursing and medical personnel. The fraction of COVID-19-associated activities varied from 7.5\u200a% to 100\u200a%. An extensive strain was reported due to stress experience as well as depression and anxiety symptoms. Severe degrees of those symptoms were found in 2.2\u200a% to 14.5\u200a% of all participants. The severity of mental symptoms was influenced by age, gender, occupation, specialization, type of activities performed and proximity to COVID-19 patients. As mediator variables selection of personnel, preventive interventions, resilience, and social support were reported. Considering the frequency of mental symptoms occurring in healthcare workers, accompanying mental health informed interventions to facilitate coping are necessary. Further research in this field is needed."}, {"pmid": 32301320, "title": "Management of ART and COVID-19: Infertility in Times of Pandemic. What Now?", "journal": "JBRA Assist Reprod", "authors": ["Souza, Maria do Carmo Borges de", "Nakagawa, Hitomi", "Taitson, Paulo Franco", "Cordts, Emerson Barchi", "Antunes, Roberto Azevedo"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301320", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441332, "title": "Clinical course of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Pereira, Augusto", "Cruz-Melguizo, Sara", "Adrien, Maria", "Fuentes, Lucia", "Marin, Eugenia", "Perez-Medina, Tirso"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441332", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study is to report our clinical experience in the management of pregnant women infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the first 30\u00a0days of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We reviewed clinical data from the first 60 pregnant women with COVID-19 whose care was managed at Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain from 14 March to 14 April 2020. Demographic data, clinical findings, laboratory test results, imaging findings, treatment received, and outcomes were collected. An analysis of variance (Kruskal-Wallis test) was performed to compare the medians of laboratory parameters. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate categorical variables. A correspondence analysis was used to explore associations between variables. A total of 60 pregnant women were diagnosed with COVID-19. The most common symptoms were fever and cough (75.5% each) followed by dyspnea (37.8%). Forty-one women (68.6%) required hospital admission (18 because of disease worsening and 23 for delivery) of whom 21 women (35%) underwent pharmacological treatment, including hydroxychloroquine, antivirals, antibiotics, and tocilizumab. No renal or cardiac failures or maternal deaths were reported. Lymphopenia (50%), thrombocytopenia (25%), and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (59%) were observed in the early stages of the disease. Median CRP, D-dimer, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were elevated. High CRP and D-dimer levels were the parameters most frequently associated with severe pneumonia. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was found to be the most sensitive marker for disease improvement (relative risk 6.65; 95% CI 4.1-5.9). During the study period, 18 of the women (78%) delivered vaginally. All newborns tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 and none of them were infected during breastfeeding. No SARS-CoV-2 was detected in placental tissue. Most of the pregnant women with COVID-19 had a favorable clinical course. However, one-third of them developed pneumonia, of whom 5% presented a critical clinical status. CRP and D-dimer levels positively correlated with severe pneumonia and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio decreased as the patients improved clinically. Seventy-eight percent of the women had a vaginal delivery. No vertical or horizontal transmissions were diagnosed in the neonates during labor or breastfeeding."}, {"pmid": 32341311, "pmcid": "PMC7224627", "title": "Telemedicine in the Era of COVID-19: The Virtual Orthopaedic Examination.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Tanaka, Miho J", "Oh, Luke S", "Martin, Scott D", "Berkson, Eric M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341311", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the shifting of clinical care to telemedicine visits has been hastened. Because of current limitations in resources, many elective surgeons have been forced to venture into utilizing telemedicine, in which the standards for orthopaedic examinations have not previously been fully developed. We report our experience with protocols and methods to standardize these visits to maximize the benefit and efficiency of the virtual orthopaedic examination. At the time of scheduling, patients are asked to prepare for their virtual visit and are given a checklist. In addition to confirming audiovisual capabilities prior to the visit, patients are given specific instructions on camera positioning, body positioning, setting, and attire to improve the efficiency of the visit. During the examination, digital tools can be utilized as needed. In the setting of outpatient injury evaluations, a systematic virtual examination can aid in triaging and managing common musculoskeletal conditions. With the rapid incorporation of telehealth visits, as well as the unknown future with regard to the pandemic, the utilization and capabilities of telemedicine will continue to expand. Future directions include the development of validated, modified examination techniques and new technology that will allow for improved interactive physical examinations, as we rapidly move forward into the realm of telemedicine due to unexpected necessity."}, {"pmid": 32425229, "pmcid": "PMC7233219", "title": "Focusing on gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 is far from enough.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Liu, Yuzhi", "Xiang, Lingya", "Deng, Kai"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425229", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361100, "pmcid": "PMC7182751", "title": "Amantadine as a drug to mitigate the effects of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Aranda Abreu, Gonzalo Emiliano", "Hernandez Aguilar, Maria Elena", "Herrera Covarrubias, Deissy", "Rojas Duran, Fausto"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361100", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread around the world. At this time, there is no vaccine that can help people prevent the spread of coronavirus. We are proposing amantadine as a drug that can be used to mitigate the effects of the virus. It is demonstrated by docking models how amantadine can exert its action on Coronavirus viroporin E."}, {"pmid": 32381057, "pmcid": "PMC7203713", "title": "CT differential diagnosis of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 in symptomatic suspects: a practical scoring method.", "journal": "BMC Pulm Med", "authors": ["Luo, Lin", "Luo, Zhendong", "Jia, Yizhen", "Zhou, Cuiping", "He, Jianlong", "Lyu, Jianxun", "Shen, Xinping"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381057", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although typical and atypical CT image findings of COVID-19 are reported in current studies, the CT image features of COVID-19 overlap with those of viral pneumonia and other respiratory diseases. Hence, it is difficult to make an exclusive diagnosis. Thirty confirmed cases of COVID-19 and forty-three cases of other aetiology or clinically confirmed non-COVID-19 in a general hospital were included. The clinical data including age, sex, exposure history, laboratory parameters and aetiological diagnosis of all patients were collected. Seven positive signs (posterior part/lower lobe predilection, bilateral involvement, rounded GGO, subpleural bandlike GGO, crazy-paving pattern, peripheral distribution, and GGO +/- consolidation) from significant COVID-19 CT image features and four negative signs (only one lobe involvement, only central distribution, tree-in-bud sign, and bronchial wall thickening) from other non-COVID-19 pneumonia were used. The scoring analysis of CT features was compared between the two groups (COVID-19 and non-COVID-19). Older age, symptoms of diarrhoea, exposure history related to Wuhan, and a lower white blood cell and lymphocyte count were significantly suggestive of COVID-19 rather than non-COVID-19 (p\u2009<\u20090.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the combined CT image features analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the scoring system was 0.854. These cut-off values yielded a sensitivity of 56.67% and a specificity of 95.35% for a score\u2009>\u20094, a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 23.26% for a score\u2009>\u20090, and a sensitivity of 86.67% and a specificity of 67.44% for a score\u2009>\u2009\u00a02. With a simple and practical scoring system based on CT imaging features, we can make a hierarchical diagnosis of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 with different management suggestions."}, {"pmid": 32337725, "pmcid": "PMC7267629", "title": "The Value of Headache-Specific Recommendations During COVID-19.", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Wells, Rebecca Erwin", "Strauss, Lauren Doyle"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326989, "title": "Application of \"Mobile Hospital\" against 2019-nCoV in China.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Yu, Hai-Ping", "Ma, Li-Li", "Hung, Yun-Ying", "Wang, Xue-Bin", "Peng, You-Qing", "Chen, Chi", "Zhuang, Hui-Ren"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326989", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362395, "pmcid": "PMC7193142", "title": "Donor heart selection during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Chen, Chiu-Yu", "Chen, Sharon F", "Hollander, Seth A", "Rosenthal, David", "Maeda, Katsuhide", "Burgart, Alyssa", "Almond, Christopher S", "Chen, Sharon"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362395", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437584, "title": "Safe abortion amid the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Italy.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Bellizzi, Saverio", "Ronzoni, Anna R", "Pichierri, Giuseppe", "Cegolon, Luca", "Salaris, Paola", "Panu Napodano, Catello M", "Fiamma, Maura"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437584", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An estimated 56 million induced abortions occur globally every year, of which 54.9% are unsafe.[1] This is a major public health issue, especially where access to legal abortion is highly restricted, resulting in an estimated 7.9% of maternal deaths annually due to unsafe abortion."}, {"pmid": 32498323, "title": "Food Insecurity and COVID-19: Disparities in Early Effects for US Adults.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Wolfson, Julia A", "Leung, Cindy W"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498323", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically increased food insecurity in the United States (US). The objective of this study was to understand the early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among low-income adults in the US as social distancing measures began to be implemented. On 19-24 March 2020 we fielded a national, web-based survey (53% response rate) among adults with <250% of the federal poverty line in the US (N = 1478). Measures included household food security status and COVID-19-related basic needs challenges. Overall, 36% of low-income adults in the US were food secure, 20% had marginal food security, and 44% were food insecure. Less than one in five (18.8%) of adults with very low food security reported being able to comply with public health recommendations to purchase two weeks of food at a time. For every basic needs challenge, food-insecure adults were significantly more likely to report facing that challenge, with a clear gradient effect based on severity of food security. The short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are magnifying existing disparities and disproportionately affecting low-income, food-insecure households that already struggle to meet basic needs. A robust, comprehensive policy response is needed to mitigate food insecurity as the pandemic progresses."}, {"pmid": 32365354, "title": "Effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions to contain COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Lai, Shengjie", "Ruktanonchai, Nick W", "Zhou, Liangcai", "Prosper, Olivia", "Luo, Wei", "Floyd, Jessica R", "Wesolowski, Amy", "Santillana, Mauricio", "Zhang, Chi", "Du, Xiangjun", "Yu, Hongjie", "Tatem, Andrew J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365354", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic1. The outbreak containment strategies in China based on non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) appear to be effective2, but quantitative research is still needed to assess the efficacy of NPIs and their timings3. Using epidemiological and anonymised human movement data4,5, here we develop a modelling framework that uses daily travel networks to simulate different outbreak and intervention scenarios across China. We estimated that there were a total of 114,325 COVID-19 cases (interquartile range 76,776 - 164,576) in mainland China as of February 29, 2020. Without NPIs, the COVID-19 cases would likely have shown a 67-fold increase (interquartile range 44 - 94) by February 29, 2020, with the effectiveness of different interventions varying. The early detection and isolation of cases was estimated to have prevented more infections than travel restrictions and contact reductions, but combined NPIs achieved the strongest and most rapid effect. The lifting of travel restrictions since February 17, 2020 does not appear to lead to an increase in cases across China if the social distancing interventions can be maintained, even at a limited level of 25% reduction on average through late April. Our findings contribute to an improved understanding of NPIs on COVID-19 and to inform response efforts across the World."}, {"pmid": 32511190, "title": "Standardized adult-gerontology acute care nurse practitioner point-of-care ultrasound training: A new perspective in the age of a pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Assoc Nurse Pract", "authors": ["Chen, Leon L"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511190", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our health care landscape is rapidly changing. With the aging population and seemingly increasing outbreak of communicable diseases, it is expected that there will be a continued demand for inpatient/critical care providers. The current COVID-19 pandemic provides a glimpse of a health care system in severe provider shortage. Adult-gerontology acute nurse practitioners (GACNPs) can play a vital part in relieving that shortage. But with the increased role, there is an increased responsibility and need for expansion of AGACNP skill set. This includes the training and utilization of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). The case reports and data available from countries that have already combated COVID-19 outbreak show POCUS can play a key part in managing critically ill patients on isolation precautions. This article provides my perspective on POCUS training and competency achievement for AGACNPPs."}, {"pmid": 32344310, "pmcid": "PMC7175905", "title": "Respiratory conditions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Important considerations regarding novel treatment strategies to reduce mortality.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Geier, Mark R", "Geier, David A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344310", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel virus named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) causes symptoms that are classified as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Respiratory conditions are extensively described among more serious cases of COVID-19, and the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the hallmark features of critical COVID-19 cases. ARDS can be directly life-threatening because it is associated with low blood oxygenation levels and can result in organ failure. There are no generally recognized effective treatments for COVID-19, but treatments are urgently needed. Anti-viral medications and vaccines are in the early developmental stages and may take many months or even years to fully develop. At present, management of COVID-19 with respiratory and ventilator support are standard therapeutic treatments, but unfortunately such treatments are associated with high mortality rates. Therefore, it is imperative to consider novel new therapeutic interventions to treat/ameliorate respiratory conditions associated with COVID-19. Alternate treatment strategies utilizing clinically available treatments such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusions, or erthropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy were hypothesized to increase oxygenation of tissues by alternative means than standard respiratory and ventilator treatments. It was also revealed that alternative treatments currently being considered for COVID-19 such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine by increasing hemoglobin production and increasing hemoglobin availability for oxygen binding and acetazolamine (for the treatment of altitude sickness) by causing hyperventilation with associated increasing levels of oxygen and decreasing levels of carbon dioxide in the blood may significantly ameliorate COVID-19 respiratory symptoms. In conclusion, is recommend, given HBOT, pRBC, and ESA therapies are currently available and routinely utilized in the treatment of other conditions, that such therapies be tried among COVID-19 patients with serious respiratory conditions and that future controlled-clinical trials explore the potential usefulness of such treatments among COVID-19 patients with respiratory conditions."}, {"pmid": 32505562, "title": "Variables Influencing Radiology Volume Recovery During the Next Phase of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Madhuripan, Nikhil", "Man-Ching Cheung, Helen", "Alicia Cheong, Li Hsia", "Jawahar, Anugayathri", "Willis, Marc", "Larson, David B"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505562", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has reduced radiology volumes across the country as providers have decreased elective care to minimize the spread of infection and free up health care delivery system capacity. After the stay-at-home order was issued in our county, imaging volumes at our institution decreased to approximately 46% of baseline volumes, similar to the experience of other radiology practices. Given the substantial differences in severity and timing of the disease in different geographic regions, estimating resumption of radiology volumes will be one of the next major challenges for radiology practices. We hypothesize that there are six major variables that will likely predict radiology volumes: (1) severity of disease in the local region, including potential subsequent \"waves\" of infection; (2) lifting of government social distancing restrictions; (3) patient concern regarding risk of leaving home and entering imaging facilities; (4) management of pent-up demand for imaging delayed during the acute phase of the pandemic, including institutional capacity; (5) impact of the economic downturn on health insurance and ability to pay for imaging; and (6) radiology practice profile reflecting amount of elective imaging performed, including type of patients seen by the radiology practice such as emergency, inpatient, outpatient mix and subspecialty types. We encourage radiology practice leaders to use these and other relevant variables to plan for the coming weeks and to work collaboratively with local health system and governmental leaders to help ensure that needed patient care is restored as quickly as the environment will safely permit."}, {"pmid": 32284951, "pmcid": "PMC7144823", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 Treatment: A Review of Early and Emerging Options.", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["McCreary, Erin K", "Pogue, Jason M"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284951", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread across the globe resulting in a pandemic. At the time of this review, COVID-19 has been diagnosed in more than 200 000 patients and associated with over 8000 deaths (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization). On behalf of the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists, we herein summarize the current evidence as of March 18, 2020 to provide guidance on potential COVID-19 treatment options. It is important to caution readers that new data emerges daily regarding clinical characteristics, treatment options, and outcomes for COVID-19. Optimized supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy, and the clinical efficacy for the subsequent agents is still under investigation. Antimicrobial stewardship programs, including infectious diseases pharmacists and physicians, are at the forefront of COVID-19 emergency preparedness. We encourage all readers to continue to assess clinical data as it emerges and share their experience within our community in a well-controlled, adequately powered fashion."}, {"pmid": 32403217, "title": "Hypertension, Thrombosis, Kidney Failure, and Diabetes: Is COVID-19 an Endothelial Disease? A Comprehensive Evaluation of Clinical and Basic Evidence.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Sardu, Celestino", "Gambardella, Jessica", "Morelli, Marco Bruno", "Wang, Xujun", "Marfella, Raffaele", "Santulli, Gaetano"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403217", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The symptoms most commonly reported by patients affected by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) include cough, fever, and shortness of breath. However, other major events usually observed in COVID-19 patients (e.g., high blood pressure, arterial and venous thromboembolism, kidney disease, neurologic disorders, and diabetes mellitus) indicate that the virus is targeting the endothelium, one of the largest organs in the human body. Herein, we report a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of both clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the hypothesis that the endothelium is a key target organ in COVID-19, providing a mechanistic rationale behind its systemic manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32392072, "pmcid": "PMC7243427", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Polymerase and Nucleotidyl-Transferase Structures: Potential to Target New Outbreaks.", "journal": "J Phys Chem Lett", "authors": ["Zhang, Wen-Fa", "Stephen, Preyesh", "Theriault, Jean-Francois", "Wang, Ruixuan", "Lin, Sheng-Xiang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392072", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic outbreak of a new coronavirus (CoV), SARS-CoV-2, has captured the world's attention, demonstrating that CoVs represent a continuous global threat. As this is a highly contagious virus, it is imperative to understand RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp), the key component in virus replication. Although the SARS-CoV-2 genome shares 80% sequence identity with severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV, their RdRps and nucleotidyl-transferases (NiRAN) share 98.1% and 93.2% identity, respectively. Sequence alignment of six coronaviruses demonstrated higher identity among their RdRps (60.9%-98.1%) and lower identity among their Spike proteins (27%-77%). Thus, a 3D structural model of RdRp, NiRAN, non-structural protein 7 (nsp7), and nsp8 of SARS-CoV-2 was generated by modeling starting from the SARS counterpart structures. Furthermore, we demonstrate the binding poses of three viral RdRp inhibitors (Galidesivir, Favipiravir, and Penciclovir), which were recently reported to have clinical significance for SARS-CoV-2. The network of interactions established by these drug molecules affirms their efficacy to inhibit viral RNA replication and provides an insight into their structure-based rational optimization for SARS-CoV-2 inhibition."}, {"pmid": 32330334, "pmcid": "PMC7267498", "title": "Chilblain-like lesions during COVID-19 epidemic: a preliminary study on 63 patients.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Piccolo, V", "Neri, I", "Filippeschi, C", "Oranges, T", "Argenziano, G", "Battarra, V C", "Berti, S", "Manunza, F", "Fortina, A B", "Di Lernia, V", "Boccaletti, V", "De Bernardis, G", "Brunetti, B", "Mazzatenta, C", "Bassi, A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330334", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395928, "title": "The COVID-19 epidemic in Madrid: chronicle of a challenge.", "journal": "Emergencias", "authors": ["Gonzalez Del Castillo, Juan", "Canora Lebrato, Jesus", "Zapatero Gaviria, Antonio", "Barba Martin, Raquel", "Prados Roa, Fernando", "Marco Martinez, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395928", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439872, "title": "Low- and middle-income countries face up to COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Shuchman, Miriam"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439872", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315380, "title": "Web Exclusive. Annals for Hospitalists Inpatient Notes - Preparing for Battle: How Hospitalists Can Manage the Stress of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Morganstein, Joshua C"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315380", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[Figure: see text]."}, {"pmid": 32235575, "pmcid": "PMC7177691", "title": "The First 75 Days of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: Recent Advances, Prevention, and Treatment.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yan, Yuxin", "Shin, Woo In", "Pang, Yoong Xin", "Meng, Yang", "Lai, Jianchen", "You, Chong", "Zhao, Haitao", "Lester, Edward", "Wu, Tao", "Pang, Cheng Heng"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235575", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV) outbreak has engulfed an unprepared world amidst a festive season. The zoonotic SARS-CoV-2, believed to have originated from infected bats, is the seventh member of enveloped RNA coronavirus. Specifically, the overall genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 is 96.2% identical to that of bat coronavirus termed BatCoV RaTG13. Although the current mortality rate of 2% is significantly lower than that of SARS (9.6%) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (35%), SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and transmissible from human to human with an incubation period of up to 24 days. Some statistical studies have shown that, on average, one infected patient may lead to a subsequent 5.7 confirmed cases. Since the first reported case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 on December 1, 2019, in Wuhan, China, there has been a total of 60,412 confirmed cases with 1370 fatalities reported in 25 different countries as of February 13, 2020. The outbreak has led to severe impacts on social health and the economy at various levels. This paper is a review of the significant, continuous global effort that was made to respond to the outbreak in the first 75 days. Although no vaccines have been discovered yet, a series of containment measures have been implemented by various governments, especially in China, in the effort to prevent further outbreak, whilst various medical treatment approaches have been used to successfully treat infected patients. On the basis of current studies, it would appear that the combined antiviral treatment has shown the highest success rate. This review aims to critically summarize the most recent advances in understanding the coronavirus, as well as the strategies in prevention and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32522369, "title": "Surgealousy.", "journal": "J Surg Res", "authors": ["Connolly, Margaret R"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522369", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Answering the call to care for patients with COVID-19 stirs a range of emotions. This perspective explores an individual surgical resident's early experience in the coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32322102, "pmcid": "PMC7175834", "title": "Modelling the COVID-19 epidemic and implementation of population-wide interventions in Italy.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Giordano, Giulia", "Blanchini, Franco", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Colaneri, Patrizio", "Di Filippo, Alessandro", "Di Matteo, Angela", "Colaneri, Marta"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322102", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Italy, 128,948 confirmed cases and 15,887 deaths of people who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were registered as of 5 April 2020. Ending the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic requires implementation of multiple population-wide strategies, including social distancing, testing and contact tracing. We propose a new model that predicts the course of the epidemic to help plan an effective control strategy. The model considers eight stages of infection: susceptible (S), infected (I), diagnosed (D), ailing (A), recognized (R), threatened (T), healed (H) and extinct (E), collectively termed SIDARTHE. Our SIDARTHE model discriminates between infected individuals depending on whether they have been diagnosed and on the severity of their symptoms. The distinction between diagnosed and non-diagnosed individuals is important because the former are typically isolated and hence less likely to spread the infection. This delineation also helps to explain misperceptions of the case fatality rate and of the epidemic spread. We compare simulation results with real data on the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy, and we model possible scenarios of implementation of countermeasures. Our results demonstrate that restrictive social-distancing measures will need to be combined with widespread testing and contact tracing to end the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32489026, "title": "[Intervention mechanism of Qingwen Baidu Yin on cytokine storm based on network pharmacology].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Feng-Rong", "Zhu, Na", "Li, Zhi-Yong", "Tang, Shi-Huan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489026", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this paper was to explore the intervention mechanism of Qingwen Baidu Yin in cytokine storm based on network pharmacology. TCMSP and TCMIP V2.0 server were used to predict all chemical components and action targets of Qingwen Baidu Yin. Diseases that could be treated by Qingwen Baidu Yin were predicted through Enrichr database. A compound target interaction(PPI) network diagram was constructed using STRING 11.0. OmicShare was used to analyzed the gene ontology(GO) enrichment and enrichment of the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway of core targets. Component-target-path network diagram was constructed with Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. After analysis of the database, 267 compounds were screened for Qingwen Baidu Yin, involving 1 450 targets, and a protein interaction network was constructed. Total 219 core target proteins were predicted, such as NFKB1, STAT1, RAF1, IL2, JAK1, IL6, TNF, BCL2 and other important targets, and 221 core target pathways were enriched, including cancer pathway, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus infection, chemokine signal pathway, PI3 K-AKT signal pathway, EB virus infection, virus carcinogenesis and T cell receptor signaling pathways, a collection of which were highly related to cytokine storms. GO annotation analysis suggested that Qingwen Baidu Yin Decoction may exert therapeutic effects by regulating protein phosphorylation, cell response to cytokine stimulation, cell proliferation, inflammatory response, transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways. This study revealed potential active components of Qingwen Baidu Yin in defending against cytokine storm and its possible mechanism of action, and provided theoretical basis and technical support for further clinical application of this prescription."}, {"pmid": 32456064, "title": "Potential Benefits and Harms of Novel Antidiabetic Drugs During COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Mirabelli, Maria", "Chiefari, Eusebio", "Puccio, Luigi", "Foti, Daniela Patrizia", "Brunetti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456064", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with diabetes have been reported to have enhanced susceptibility to severe or fatal COVID-19 infections, including a high risk of being admitted to intensive care units with respiratory failure and septic complications. Given the global prevalence of diabetes, affecting over 450 million people worldwide and still on the rise, the emerging COVID-19 crisis poses a serious threat to an extremely large vulnerable population. However, the broad heterogeneity and complexity of this dysmetabolic condition, with reference to etiologic mechanisms, degree of glycemic derangement and comorbid associations, along with the extensive sexual dimorphism in immune responses, can hamper any patient generalization. Even more relevant, and irrespective of glucose-lowering activities, DPP4 inhibitors and GLP1 receptor agonists may have a favorable impact on the modulation of viral entry and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines during COVID-19 infection, although current evidence is limited and not univocal. Conversely, SGLT2 inhibitors may increase the likelihood of COVID-19-related ketoacidosis decompensation among patients with severe insulin deficiency. Mindful of their widespread popularity in the management of diabetes, addressing potential benefits and harms of novel antidiabetic drugs to clinical prognosis at the time of a COVID-19 pandemic deserves careful consideration."}, {"pmid": 32470381, "pmcid": "PMC7195312", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic from an Ophthalmologist's Perspective.", "journal": "Trends Mol Med", "authors": ["Bacherini, Daniela", "Biagini, Ilaria", "Lenzetti, Chiara", "Virgili, Gianni", "Rizzo, Stanislao", "Giansanti, Fabrizio"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470381", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly spreading around the world. The first doctor to report this new disease was an ophthalmologist: this exemplifies the role of ophthalmologists in an infectious disease pandemic. Here we review how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects the eye and discuss implications for ophthalmologists."}, {"pmid": 32338424, "pmcid": "PMC7261982", "title": "Biologics for psoriasis in COVID-19 era: what do we know?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Megna, M", "Napolitano, M", "Patruno, C", "Fabbrocini, G"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338424", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297987, "pmcid": "PMC7262080", "title": "Off-label Use of Tocilizumab in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Di Giambenedetto, Simona", "Ciccullo, Arturo", "Borghetti, Alberto", "Gambassi, Giovanni", "Landi, Francesco", "Visconti, Elena", "Zileri Dal Verme, Lorenzo", "Bernabei, Roberto", "Tamburrini, Enrica", "Cauda, Roberto", "Gasbarrini, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297987", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of the novel-Coronavirus infection worldwide represents a challenge for physicians. Particularly, no approved therapy has demonstrated to have an impact in treating patients who develop severe respiratory insufficiency so far. The use of humanized anti-human inteleukine-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab seems a promising strategy for these patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32381264, "pmcid": "PMC7192101", "title": "Confirmation of the high cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19: An updated analysis.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Klok, F A", "Kruip, M J H A", "van der Meer, N J M", "Arbous, M S", "Gommers, D", "Kant, K M", "Kaptein, F H J", "van Paassen, J", "Stals, M A M", "Huisman, M V", "Endeman, H"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381264", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We recently reported a high cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of three Dutch hospitals. In answering questions raised regarding our study, we updated our database and repeated all analyses. We re-evaluated the incidence of the composite outcome of symptomatic acute pulmonary embolism (PE), deep-vein thrombosis, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction and/or systemic arterial embolism in all COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICUs of 2 Dutch university hospitals and 1 Dutch teaching hospital from ICU admission to death, ICU discharge or April 22nd 2020, whichever came first. We studied the same 184 ICU patients as reported on previously, of whom a total of 41 died (22%) and 78 were discharged alive (43%). The median follow-up duration increased from 7 to 14\u00a0days. All patients received pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. The cumulative incidence of the composite outcome, adjusted for competing risk of death, was 49% (95% confidence interval [CI] 41-57%). The majority of thrombotic events were PE (65/75; 87%). In the competing risk model, chronic anticoagulation therapy at admission was associated with a lower risk of the composite outcome (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.29, 95%CI 0.091-0.92). Patients diagnosed with thrombotic complications were at higher risk of all-cause death (HR 5.4; 95%CI 2.4-12). Use of therapeutic anticoagulation was not associated with all-cause death (HR 0.79, 95%CI 0.35-1.8). In this updated analysis, we confirm the very high cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32521167, "title": "Pulse Oximetry for Monitoring Patients with COVID-19 at Home: Potential Pitfalls and Practical Guidance.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Luks, Andrew M", "Swenson, Erik R"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521167", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, reports in social media and the lay press indicate that a subset of patients are presenting with severe hypoxemia in the absence of dyspnea, a problem unofficially referred to as \"silent hypoxemia.\" To decrease the risk of complications in such patients, one proposed solution has been to have those diagnosed with COVID-19 but not sick enough to warrant admission monitor their arterial oxygenation by pulse oximetry at home and present for care when they show evidence of hypoxemia. While the ease of use and low cost of pulse oximetry makes this an attractive option for identifying problems at an early stage, there are important considerations with pulse oximetry about which patients and providers may not be aware that can interfere with successful implementation of such monitoring programs. Only a few independent studies have examined the performance of pocket oximeters and smart phone-based systems but the limited available data raise questions about their accuracy, particularly as saturation falls below 90%. There are also multiple sources of error in pulse oximetry that must be accounted for including rapid fluctuations in measurements when the PaO2 falls on the steep portion of the dissociation curve, data acquisition problems when pulsatile blood flow is diminished, accuracy in the setting of severe hypoxemia, dyshemoglobinemias and other problems. Recognition of these issues and careful counseling of patients about the proper means for measuring their oxygen saturation and when to seek assistance can help ensure successful implementation of needed monitoring programs."}, {"pmid": 32513864, "title": "Ethnic and racial disparities in COVID-19-related deaths: counting the trees, hiding the forest.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Yaya, Sanni", "Yeboah, Helena", "Charles, Carlo Handy", "Otu, Akaninyene", "Labonte, Ronald"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513864", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462354, "title": "Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome with Features of Atypical Kawasaki Disease during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Rauf, Abdul", "Vijayan, Ajay", "John, Shaji Thomas", "Krishnan, Raghuram", "Latheef, Abdul"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462354", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a global concern of increasing number of children presenting with inflammatory syndrome with clinical features simulating Kawasaki disease, during ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The authors report a very similar case of 5-y-old boy from a COVID-19 hotspot area who presented in late April 2020 with acute febrile illness with abdominal pain and loose stools followed by shock. On examination, child had bulbar conjunctivitis and extremity edema. Initial investigations showed high inflammatory parameters, elevated serum creatinine and liver enzymes. Echocardiography showed moderate LV dysfunction and normal coronaries. Cardiac enzymes were also elevated, suggesting myocarditis. He was treated with inotropic support, respiratory support with high flow nasal cannula, IV immunoglobulins, aspirin, steroids and diuretics. RT PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was negative twice. His clinical condition improved rapidly, was afebrile from day 2, inflammatory parameters decreased, left ventricular function improved and was discharged after 6 d of hospital stay."}, {"pmid": 32298195, "title": "Home Hospice Services during COVID-19: Ensuring Comfort in Unsettling Times in Singapore.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Khatri, Priyanka", "Seetharaman, Santhosh", "Phang, Chia May Jamie", "Lee, Bin Xuan Andy"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298195", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517776, "title": "Should we deny ICU admission to the elderly? Ethical considerations in times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Haas, Lenneke E M", "de Lange, Dylan W", "van Dijk, Diederik", "van Delden, Johannes J M"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517776", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212348, "title": "Why is COVID-19 so mild in children?", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Brodin, Petter"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212348", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317245, "pmcid": "PMC7151267", "title": "Ger Rijkers: Persistence of Memory in Times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Trends Immunol", "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317245", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461671, "pmcid": "PMC7251553", "title": "Innate T cells in COVID-19: friend or foe?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["van der Heide, Verena"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461671", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419701, "pmcid": "PMC7225711", "title": "[Necrotizing tracheobronchitis with endotracheal tube obstruction in COVID-19 patients].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Perez Acosta, G", "Santana-Cabrera, L"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419701", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219871, "title": "Maternal health care management during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Yu", "Li, Zhe", "Zhang, Yuan-Yuan", "Zhao, Wei-Hua", "Yu, Zhi-Ying"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219871", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel type of highly contagious pneumonia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite the strong efforts taken to control the epidemic, hundreds of thousands of people were infected worldwide by 11 March, and the situation was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Pregnant women are more susceptible to viral infection due to immune and anatomic alteration, though hospital visits may increase the chance of infection, the lack of medical care during pregnancy may do more harm. Hence, a well-managed system that allows pregnant women to access maternal health care with minimum exposure risk is desired during the outbreak. Here, we present the managing processes of three pregnant women who had fever during hospitalization in the gynecology or obstetrics department, and then, we further summarize and demonstrate our maternal health care management strategies including antenatal care planning, patient triage based on the risk level, admission control, and measures counteracting emergencies and newly discovered high-risk cases at in-patient department. In the meantime, we will explain the alterations we have done throughout different stages of the epidemic and also review relative articles in both Chinese and English to compare our strategies with those of other areas. Although tens of COVID-19 cases were confirmed in our hospital, no nosocomial infection has occurred and none of the pregnant women registered in our hospital was reported to be infected."}, {"pmid": 32427688, "title": "The Role of Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Musolino, Anna Maria", "Supino, Maria Chiara"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427688", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530776, "title": "Prevention of pressure ulcers among individuals cared for in the prone position: lessons for the COVID-19 emergency.", "journal": "J Wound Care", "authors": ["Moore, Zena", "Patton, Declan", "Avsar, Pinar", "McEvoy, Natalie L", "Curley, Gerard", "Budri, Aglecia", "Nugent, Linda", "Walsh, Simone", "O'Connor, Tom"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530776", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pressure ulcers (PUs) involve the destruction of skin and underlying tissue due to prolonged pressure and shear forces. These ulcers are painful and significantly reduce a person's quality of life. PUs are also expensive to manage and impact negatively on the achievement of cost-effective, efficient care delivery. Prone positioning is a postural therapy that aims to enhance respiratory function through increasing oxygenation levels. In contemporary clinical practice, ventilation in the prone position is indicated for patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, despite its advantages in terms of respiratory function, several studies have examined complications of prone position ventilation and have identified PUs (facial PUs as well as PUs on other weight-bearing areas of the body) as a frequent complication in patients who are already in a precarious medical situation. International data suggest that up to 57% of patients nursed in the prone position develop a PU. The aim of this clinical review is to identify and review evidence-based recommendations developed to facilitate the selection and application of preventive interventions aimed at reducing PU development in patients ventilated in the prone position. Given the current COVID-19 crisis, this review is timely as intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19 require ventilation in the prone position at a level that is disproportionate to the general intensive care population. Up to 28% of patients admitted to the ICU with confirmed infection due to severe COVID-19 are cared for in the prone position. The scope of this review is limited to adult individuals only. The skin assessment should be undertaken before proning and following positioning the patient back into the supine position. Although it is essential to keep the skin clean and moisturised, using pH-balanced cleansers, there is inconsistency in terms of the evidence to support the type of moisturiser. Use of positioning devices in addition to repositioning is recommended to offload pressure points on the face and body. Further, using dressings such as hydrocolloids, transparent film and silicone may be of benefit in decreasing facial skin breakdown. Given the importance of PU prevention in this cohort of patients, adopting a focused prevention strategy, including skin assessment and care, offloading and pressure redistribution, and dressings for prevention may contribute to a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of these largely preventable wounds."}, {"pmid": 32384386, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: Combating Isolation to Improve Outcomes.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Jago, Caitlin Anne", "Singh, Sukhbir Sony", "Moretti, Felipe"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384386", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the current global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, new challenges arise as social distancing and isolation have become the standard for safety. Evidence supports the protective benefits of social connections and support during pregnancy and labor; there are increased maternal, fetal, and pregnancy risks when pregnant and laboring women lack support. As health care professionals take appropriate precautions to protect patients and themselves from infection, there must be a balance to ensure that we do not neglect the importance of social and emotional support during important milestones such as pregnancy and childbirth. Resources are available to help pregnant women, and technology represents an opportunity for innovation in providing care."}, {"pmid": 32342578, "pmcid": "PMC7267670", "title": "The importance of naturally attenuated SARS-CoV-2in the fight against COVID-19.", "journal": "Environ Microbiol", "authors": ["Armengaud, Jean", "Delaunay-Moisan, Agnes", "Thuret, Jean-Yves", "van Anken, Eelco", "Acosta-Alvear, Diego", "Aragon, Tomas", "Arias, Carolina", "Blondel, Marc", "Braakman, Ineke", "Collet, Jean-Francois", "Courcol, Rene", "Danchin, Antoine", "Deleuze, Jean-Francois", "Lavigne, Jean-Philippe", "Lucas, Sophie", "Michiels, Thomas", "Moore, Edward R B", "Nixon-Abell, Jonathon", "Rossello-Mora, Ramon", "Shi, Zheng-Li", "Siccardi, Antonio G", "Sitia, Roberto", "Tillett, Daniel", "Timmis, Kenneth N", "Toledano, Michel B", "van der Sluijs, Peter", "Vicenzi, Elisa"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342578", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is wreaking havoc throughout the world and has rapidly become a global health emergency. A central question concerning COVID-19 is why some individuals become sick and others not. Many have pointed already at variation in risk factors between individuals. However, the variable outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections may, at least in part, be due also to differences between the viral subspecies with which individuals are infected. A more pertinent question is how we are to overcome the current pandemic. A vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 would offer significant relief, although vaccine developers have warned that design, testing and production of vaccines may take a year if not longer. Vaccines are based on a handful of different designs (i), but the earliest vaccines were based on the live, attenuated virus. As has been the case for other viruses during earlier pandemics, SARS-CoV-2 will mutate and may naturally attenuate over time (ii). What makes the current pandemic unique is that, thanks to state-of-the-art nucleic acid sequencing technologies, we can follow in detail how SARS-CoV-2 evolves while it spreads. We argue that knowledge of naturally emerging attenuated SARS-CoV-2 variants across the globe should be of key interest in our fight against the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32361812, "pmcid": "PMC7195820", "title": "Mental health treatment online during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Hu, Nannan", "Pan, Shengming", "Sun, Jijun", "Wang, Zhuo", "Mao, Hongjing"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361812", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305587, "pmcid": "PMC7162746", "title": "Can post-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 be considered as an outbreak response strategy in long-term care hospitals?", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Lee, Sun Hee", "Son, Hyunjin", "Peck, Kyong Ran"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305587", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the ongoing global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), management of exposure events is a concern. Long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) are particularly vulnerable to cluster outbreaks because facilities for patient isolation and healthcare personnel to care for these patients in isolation are difficult to arrange in a large outbreak situation. Although several drugs have been proposed as treatment options, there are no data on the effectiveness and safety of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for COVID-19. After a large COVID-19 exposure event in an LTCH in Korea, PEP using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was administered to 211 individuals, including 189 patients and 22 careworkers, whose baseline polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for COVID-19 were negative. PEP was completed in 184 (97.4%) patients and 21 (95.5%) careworkers without serious adverse events. At the end of 14 days of quarantine, all follow-up PCR tests were negative. Based on our experience, further clinical studies are recommended for COVID-19 PEP."}, {"pmid": 32464582, "pmcid": "PMC7245233", "title": "Treating patients with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: Assessing the expert recommendations.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Guevara, Carlos", "Villa, Eduardo", "Rosas, Carlos Silva", "Diaz, Violeta", "Naves, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464582", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424671, "pmcid": "PMC7232910", "title": "The Role of Non-Contrast Chest CT in Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pediatric Patients.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Mathew, Rishi Philip", "Jose, Merin", "Toms, Ajith"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424671", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233013, "pmcid": "PMC7228407", "title": "Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Res Rev", "authors": ["Guo, Weina", "Li, Mingyue", "Dong, Yalan", "Zhou, Haifeng", "Zhang, Zili", "Tian, Chunxia", "Qin, Renjie", "Wang, Haijun", "Shen, Yin", "Du, Keye", "Zhao, Lei", "Fan, Heng", "Luo, Shanshan", "Hu, Desheng"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233013", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To figure out whether diabetes is a risk factor influencing the progression and prognosis of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A total of 174 consecutive patients confirmed with COVID-19 were studied. Demographic data, medical history, symptoms and signs, laboratory findings, chest computed tomography (CT) as well the treatment measures were collected and analysed. We found that COVID-19 patients without other comorbidities but with diabetes (n = 24) were at higher risk of severe pneumonia, release of tissue injury-related enzymes, excessive uncontrolled inflammation responses and hypercoagulable state associated with dysregulation of glucose metabolism. Furthermore, serum levels of inflammation-related biomarkers such as IL-6, C-reactive protein, serum ferritin and coagulation index, D-dimer, were significantly higher (P <\u2009.01) in diabetic patients compared with those without, suggesting that patients with diabetes are more susceptible to an inflammatory storm eventually leading to rapid deterioration of COVID-19. Our data support the notion that diabetes should be considered as a risk factor for a rapid progression and bad prognosis of COVID-19. More intensive attention should be paid to patients with diabetes, in case of rapid deterioration."}, {"pmid": 32222113, "title": "Learning from history: Coronavirus outbreaks in the past.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Arora, Pooja", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222113", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305563, "pmcid": "PMC7162775", "title": "Features of anosmia in COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Klopfenstein, T", "Kadiane-Oussou, N J", "Toko, L", "Royer, P-Y", "Lepiller, Q", "Gendrin, V", "Zayet, S"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305563", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical publications about anosmia with COVID-19 are scarce. We aimed to describe the prevalence and features of anosmia in COVID-19 patients. We retrospectively included COVID-19 patients with anosmia between March 1st and March 17th, 2020. We used SARS-CoV-2 real time PCR in respiratory samples to confirm the cases. Fifty-four of 114 patients (47%) with confirmed COVID-19 reported anosmia. Mean age of the 54 patients was 47 (\u00b116) years; 67% were females and 37% were hospitalised. The median Charlson comorbidity index was 0.70 (\u00b11.6 [0-7]). Forty-six patients (85%) had dysgeusia and 28% presented with pneumonia. Anosmia began 4.4 (\u00b11.9 [1-8]) days after infection onset. The mean duration of anosmia was 8.9 (\u00b16.3 [1-21]) days and 98% of patients recovered within 28 days. Anosmia was present in half of our European COVID-19 patients and was often associated with dysgeusia."}, {"pmid": 32349009, "title": "Innovations in Education in Response to COVID-19: Online Medication Commercials.", "journal": "Nurse Educ", "authors": ["Stuckey, Lanette", "Wright, Ariel"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349009", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418146, "pmcid": "PMC7230035", "title": "Rapid response in the COVID-19 pandemic: a Delphi study from the European Pediatric Dialysis Working Group.", "journal": "Pediatr Nephrol", "authors": ["Eibensteiner, Fabian", "Ritschl, Valentin", "Ariceta, Gema", "Jankauskiene, Augustina", "Klaus, Gunter", "Paglialonga, Fabio", "Edefonti, Alberto", "Ranchin, Bruno", "Schmitt, Claus Peter", "Shroff, Rukshana", "Stefanidis, Constantinos J", "Walle, Johan Vande", "Verrina, Enrico", "Vondrak, Karel", "Zurowska, Aleksandra", "Stamm, Tanja", "Aufricht, Christoph"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418146", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was declared a global health emergency. Since children are less than 1% of reported cases, there is limited information to develop evidence-based practice recommendations. The objective of this study was to rapidly gather expert knowledge and experience to guide the care of children with chronic kidney disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. A four-round multi-center Delphi exercise was conducted among 13 centers in 11 European countries of the European Pediatric Dialysis Working Group (EPDWG) between March, 16th and 20th 2020. Results were analyzed using a mixed methods qualitative approach and descriptive statistics. Thirteen COVID-19 specific topics of particular need for guidance were identified. Main themes encompassed testing strategies and results (n\u2009=\u20094), changes in use of current therapeutics (n\u2009=\u20093), preventive measurements of transmission and management of COVID-19 (n\u2009=\u20093), and changes in standard clinical care (n\u2009=\u20093). Patterns of center-specific responses varied according to regulations and to availability of guidelines. As limited quantitative evidence is available in real time during the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, qualitative expert knowledge and experience represent the best evidence available. This Delphi exercise demonstrates that use of mixed methodologies embedded in an established network of experts allowed prompt analysis of pediatric nephrologists' response to COVID-19 during this fast-emerging public health crisis. Such rapid sharing of knowledge and local practices is essential to timely and optimal guidance for medical management of specific patient groups in multi-country health care systems such as those of Europe and the US."}, {"pmid": 32488739, "pmcid": "PMC7265866", "title": "COVID-19 and sex workers: human rights, the struggle for safety and minimum income.", "journal": "Can J Public Health", "authors": ["Jozaghi, Ehsan", "Bird, Lorna"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488739", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525707, "title": "A Phone Call Away: New York's Hotline And Public Health In The Rapidly Changing COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Kristal, Ross", "Rowell, Madden", "Kress, Marielle", "Keeley, Chris", "Jackson, Hannah", "Piwnica-Worms, Katherine", "Hendricks, Lisa", "Long, Theodore G", "Wallach, Andrew B"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525707", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early March\u00a02020, an outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in New York City exerted sudden and extreme pressures on emergency medical services and quickly changed public health policy and clinical guidance. Recognizing this, New York City Health + Hospitals established a clinician-staffed COVID-19 hotline for all New Yorkers. The hotline underwent three phases as the health crisis evolved. As of May 1, 2020, the hotline received over 90,000 calls and was staffed by over 1,000 unique clinicians. Hotline clinicians provided New Yorkers with clinical assessment and guidance, registered them for home symptom monitoring, connected them to social services, and provided a source of up-to-date answers to COVID-19 questions. By connecting New Yorkers with hotline providers, regardless of their regular avenues of accessing care, the hotline aimed to ease the pressures on the City's overtaxed emergency medical services. Future consideration should be given to promoting easy access to clinician hotlines by disadvantaged communities early in a public health crisis as well as evaluating the impact of clinician hotlines on clinical outcomes. [Editor's Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.]."}, {"pmid": 32395670, "pmcid": "PMC7211582", "title": "Comments on the publication by Yerramilli et al titled \"Palliative Radiotherapy for Oncologic emergencies in the setting of COVID-19: Approaches to Balancing Risks and Benefits.\"", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Hahn, Ezra", "Livergant, Jonathan", "Millar, Barbara-Ann", "Ringash, Jolie", "Wong, Rebecca", "Dawson, Laura A", "Warde, Padraig", "Cummings, Bernard", "Barry, Aisling"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395670", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472696, "title": "Domestic violence amid COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Anurudran, Ashri", "Yared, Leah", "Comrie, Cameron", "Harrison, Katherine", "Burke, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472696", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This manuscript highlights the risk that shelter-in-place instructions during COVID-19 places on victims of domestic violence and serves as a call-to-action to address this crisis. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, \"stay at home\" has become the mantra of governments and public health organizations alike. But for victims of domestic violence, home is often not a place of safety. Staying at home not only places survivors of domestic violence at risk for further violence, but also isolates them from networks of support. Containment policies may lead to higher rates of domestic violence, substance abuse, anxiety, major depression, suicide, and other manifestations of unmet mental health needs. Job losses and financial insecurity may tip at-risk relationships into violence."}, {"pmid": 32345532, "pmcid": "PMC7158824", "title": "Reply to: Bioactive Lipids and Coronavirus (COVID-19)-further Discussion.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Das, Undurti N"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345532", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382586, "pmcid": "PMC7204646", "title": "Rationing Medical Resources fairly during the Covid -19 Crisis: Is this possible in India(or America)?", "journal": "Curr Med Res Pract", "authors": ["Prasad Das, Sri Aurobindo", "Nundy, Samiran"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382586", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402387, "pmcid": "PMC7183992", "title": "Diagnosis of patients with suspected COVID-19: What is the role of chest CT?", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Paez-Granda, Diego", "Chicaiza Maldonado, Miriam", "Calle, Gabriela Saritama", "Avalos Garcia, Carmen", "Cabezas Tapia, Henry", "Andrade Herrera, Jimena"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402387", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236325, "title": "COVID-19 and the Heart.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Strabelli, Tania Mara Varejao", "Uip, David Everson"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236325", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409742, "pmcid": "PMC7224124", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 likes it cool.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Soares-Schanoski, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409742", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496122, "title": "The effect of Adacolumn(R) on ulcerative colitis with COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Esp Enferm Dig", "authors": ["Perez Roldan, Francisco", "Bernardos Martin, Maria Esther", "Gonzalez Carro, Pedro"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496122", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Crespo et al. comment on the influence of immunomodulators and biological drugs on ulcerative colitis and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Granulo-monocytoapheresis is a treatment used in ulcerative colitis outbreaks, whose mechanism of action is to selectively retain activated granulocytes and monocytes, in order to reduce the inflammatory process."}, {"pmid": 32360286, "title": "Plasma IP-10 and MCP-3 levels are highly associated with disease severity and predict the progression of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Yang, Yang", "Shen, Chenguang", "Li, Jinxiu", "Yuan, Jing", "Wei, Jinli", "Huang, Fengmin", "Wang, Fuxiang", "Li, Guobao", "Li, Yanjie", "Xing, Li", "Peng, Ling", "Yang, Minghui", "Cao, Mengli", "Zheng, Haixia", "Wu, Weibo", "Zou, Rongrong", "Li, Delin", "Xu, Zhixiang", "Wang, Haiyan", "Zhang, Mingxia", "Zhang, Zheng", "Gao, George F", "Jiang, Chengyu", "Liu, Lei", "Liu, Yingxia"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360286", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was first reported in Wuhan, December 2019, and continuously poses a serious threat to public health, highlighting the urgent need of identifying biomarkers for disease severity and progression. We sought to identify biomarkers for disease severity and progression of COVID-19. Forty-eight cytokines in the plasma samples from 50 COVID-19 cases including 11 critically ill, 25 severe, and 14 moderate patients were measured and analyzed in combination with clinical data. Levels of 14 cytokines were found to be significantly elevated in COVID-19 cases and showed different expression profiles in patients with different disease severity. Moreover, expression levels of IFN-\u03b3-induced protein 10, monocyte chemotactic protein-3, hepatocyte growth factor, monokine-induced gamma IFN, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, which were shown to be highly associated with disease severity during disease progression, were remarkably higher in critically ill patients, followed by severe and then the moderate patients. Serial detection of the 5 cytokines in 16 cases showed that continuously high levels were associated with deteriorated progression of disease and fatal outcome. Furthermore, IFN-\u03b3-induced protein 10 and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 were excellent predictors for the progression of COVID-19, and the combination of the 2 cytokines showed the biggest area under the curve of the receiver-operating characteristics calculations with a value of 0.99. In this study, we report biomarkers that are highly associated with disease severity and progression of COVID-19. These findings add to our understanding of the immunopathologic mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and provide potential therapeutic targets and strategies."}, {"pmid": 32434413, "title": "Patient-Driven Discontinuation of Dupilumab During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Academic Hospital Clinics at the University of Toronto.", "journal": "J Cutan Med Surg", "authors": ["Georgakopoulos, Jorge R", "Yeung, Jensen"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434413", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32173458, "pmcid": "PMC7270817", "title": "Experience of different upper respiratory tract sampling strategies for detection of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Ye, G", "Li, Y", "Lu, M", "Chen, S", "Luo, Y", "Wang, S", "Wang, Y", "Wang, X"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173458", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514399, "pmcid": "PMC7261077", "title": "A case of Bacillus cereus bacteremia in a COVID-19 patient treated with steroids.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Osakwe, Nonso"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514399", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This report describes a case of Bacillus cereus bacteremia in a COVID-19 patient with prior inhalational steroid use and inpatient steroid treatment for COVID-19 pulmonary symptoms. The case herein is intended to illustrate an uncommon presentation of B. cereus bacteremia and highlight the increased likelihood for the occurrence of this bacteremia in patients with COVID-19 and concomitant steroid use."}, {"pmid": 32291701, "pmcid": "PMC7155392", "title": "Recommendations for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic from IFSO.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Yang, Wah", "Wang, Cunchuan", "Shikora, Scott", "Kow, Lilian"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291701", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32127703, "title": "Mystery deepens over animal source of coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127703", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174056, "pmcid": "PMC7183838", "title": "Computed Tomographic Findings in COVID-19.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174056", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360384, "pmcid": "PMC7187836", "title": "Acute Pulmonary Embolism in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Treated with Surgical Embolectomy.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Audo, Andrea", "Bonato, Valeria", "Cavozza, Corrado", "Maj, Giulia", "Pistis, Gianfranco", "Secco, Gioel Gabrio"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360384", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of pneumonia cases caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly throughout China, Europe and USA. The pneumonia might evolve in ARDS requiring assisted mechanical-ventilation. The prolonged immobilization combined with respiratory failure, sepsis and dehydration might expose SARS-CoV-2/patients to increased risk of complication including pulmonary embolism. We report the first case of SARS-CoV-2 complicated by massive pulmonary embolism underwent successfully surgical embolectomy. We believe that maintaining the same pro-active attitude suggested by current Guidelines might help in reducing morality and improving survival in SARS-COV-2/patients."}, {"pmid": 32265435, "pmcid": "PMC7136544", "title": "Let's conquer COVID-19 and sustain our abilities.", "journal": "Spinal Cord Ser Cases", "authors": ["Alexander, Marcalee"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265435", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307559, "pmcid": "PMC7167361", "title": "Management for patients with pediatric surgical disease during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Surg Int", "authors": ["Zhou, Yan", "Xu, Hang", "Li, Long", "Ren, Xianghai"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307559", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435649, "pmcid": "PMC7218924", "title": "Diabetic Kidney Disease and COVID-19: The Crash of Two Pandemics.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["D'Marco, Luis", "Puchades, Maria Jesus", "Romero-Parra, Maria", "Gorriz, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435649", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493663, "pmcid": "PMC7200367", "title": "POCUS to Guide Fluid Therapy in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Thalappillil, Richard", "Tam, Christopher W"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426067, "pmcid": "PMC7229912", "title": "Letter to the Editor Regarding \"Implementation and Workflow of a Telehealth Clinic in Neurosurgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic\".", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Glauser, Gregory", "Wathen, Connor", "Miranda, Stephen P", "Blue, Rachel", "Dimentberg, Ryan", "Welch, William C", "Lee, John Y K", "Malhotra, Neil R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426067", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227274, "pmcid": "PMC7103893", "title": "The correlation between viral clearance and biochemical outcomes of 94 COVID-19 infected discharged patients.", "journal": "Inflamm Res", "authors": ["Yuan, Jing", "Zou, Rougrong", "Zeng, Lijiao", "Kou, Shanglong", "Lan, Jianfeng", "Li, Xiaohe", "Liang, Yanhua", "Ding, Xiaoyan", "Tan, Guoyu", "Tang, Shenghong", "Liu, Lei", "Liu, Yingxia", "Pan, Yanchao", "Wang, Zhaoqin"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227274", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to evaluate the correlation between viral clearance and blood biochemical index of 94 discharged patients with COVID-19 infection in Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, enrolled from Jan 5 to Feb 13, 2020. The clinical and laboratory findings were extracted from the electronic medical records of the patients. The data were analysed and reviewed by a trained team of physicians. Information on clinical signs and symptoms, medical treatment, virus clearance, and laboratory parameters including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein were collected. COVID-19 mRNA clearance ratio was identified significantly correlated with the decline of serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Furthermore, COVID-19 mRNA clearance time was positively correlated with the length of hospital stay in patients treated with either IFN-\u03b1\u2009+\u2009lopinavir/ritonavir or IFN-\u03b1\u2009+\u2009lopinavir/ritonavir\u2009+\u2009ribavirin. Therapeutic regimens of IFN-\u03b1\u2009+\u2009lopinavir/ritonavir and IFN-\u03b1\u2009+\u2009lopinavir/ritonavir\u2009+\u2009ribavirin might be beneficial for treatment of COVID-19. Serum LDH or CK decline may predict a favorable response to treatment of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32413608, "pmcid": "PMC7211569", "title": "HIV care in times of the COVID-19 crisis - Where are we now in Central and Eastern Europe?", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kowalska, J D", "Skrzat-Klapaczynska, A", "Bursa, D", "Balayan, T", "Begovac, J", "Chkhartishvili, N", "Gokengin, D", "Harxhi, A", "Jilich, D", "Jevtovic, D", "Kase, K", "Lakatos, B", "Matulionyte, R", "Mulabdic, V", "Nagit, A", "Papadopoulos, A", "Stefanovic, M", "Vassilenko, A", "Vasylyev, M", "Yancheva, N", "Yurin, O", "Horban, A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413608", "countries": ["Czechia", "Moldova, Republic of", "Bulgaria", "Albania", "Lithuania", "Serbia", "Ukraine", "Estonia", "Poland", "Georgia", "Greece", "Russian Federation", "Croatia", "Armenia", "Belarus", "Turkey", "North Macedonia", "Hungary"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has hit the European region disproportionately. Many HIV clinics share staff and logistics with infectious disease facilities, which are now on the frontline in tackling COVID-19. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of the current pandemic situation on HIV care and continuity of antiretroviral treatment (ART) supplies in CEE countries. The Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe (ECEE) Network Group was established in February 2016 to review standards of care for HIV in the region. The group consists of professionals actively involved in HIV care. On March 19, 2020 we decided to review the status of HIV care sustainability in the face of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Europe. For this purpose, we constructed an online survey consisting of 23 questions. Respondents were recruited from ECEE members in 22 countries, based on their involvement in HIV care, and contacted via email. In total, 19 countries responded: Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Macedonia, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Most of the respondents were infectious disease physicians directly involved in HIV care (17/19). No country reported HIV clinic closures. HIV clinics were operating normally in only six countries (31.6%). In 11 countries (57.9%) physicians were sharing HIV and COVID-19 care duties. None of the countries expected shortage of ART in the following 2 weeks; however, five physicians expressed uncertainty about the following 2 months. At the time of providing responses, ten countries (52.6%) had HIV-positive persons under quarantine. A shortage of resources is evident, with an impact on HIV care inevitable. We need to prepare to operate with minimal medical resources, with the aim of securing constant supplies of ART. Non-governmental organizations should re-evaluate their earlier objectives and support efforts to ensure continuity of ART delivery."}, {"pmid": 32359414, "title": "COVID-19 in Nigeria: a disease of hunger.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Kalu, Bernard"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359414", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347403, "pmcid": "PMC7186186", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic Disrupts HIV Continuum of Care and Prevention: Implications for Research and Practice Concerning Community-Based Organizations and Frontline Providers.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Pinto, Rogerio M", "Park, Sunggeun"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347403", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271601, "title": "Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Huang, Xiaoyi", "Wei, Fengxiang", "Hu, Liang", "Wen, Lijuan", "Chen, Ken"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271601", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, there has been an outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China. Meanwhile, the outbreak also drew attention and concern from the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 is another human infectious disease caused by coronavirus. The transmission of COVID-19 is potent and the infection rate is fast. Since there is no specific drug for COVID-19, the treatment is mainly symptomatic supportive therapy. In addition, it should be pointed out that patients with severe illness need more aggressive treatment and meticulous care. Recently, accurate RNA detection has been decisive for the diagnosis of COVID-19. The development of highly sensitive RT-PCR has facilitated epidemiological studies that provide insight into the prevalence, seasonality, clinical manifestations and course of COVID-19 infection. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology and characteristics of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32321173, "pmcid": "PMC7188156", "title": "Pain Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Lessons Learned.", "journal": "Pain Med", "authors": ["Song, Xue-Jun", "Xiong, Dong-Lin", "Wang, Zhe-Yin", "Yang, Dong", "Zhou, Ling", "Li, Rong-Chun"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321173", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495339, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): strengthening our resolve to achieve universal palliative care.", "journal": "Int Nurs Rev", "authors": ["Rosa, William E", "Davidson, Patricia M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495339", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we strongly advocate for universal palliative care access during the COVID-19 pandemic. The delivery of universal palliative care services has been called for by leading global health organizations and experts. Nurses are critical to realizing this goal. COVID-19 diagnoses and fatalities continue to rise, underscoring the importance of palliative care, particularly in the context of scant resources. To inform the writing of this paper, we undertook a review of the COVID-19 and palliative care literature and drew on our experiences. It is very clear that investment in nurses is needed to ensure appropriate palliative care services now and into the future. Avoiding futile interventions and alleviating suffering is an ethical imperative for nurses regardless of the setting. Multi-level practices and policies to foster the delivery of safe, high-quality palliative care for all are urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32359840, "pmcid": "PMC7194804", "title": "Ocular Findings and Proportion with Conjunctival SARS-COV-2 in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Zhou, Yunyun", "Duan, Chaoye", "Zeng, Yuyang", "Tong, Yongqing", "Nie, Yuhong", "Yang, Yang", "Chen, Zhen", "Chen, Changzheng"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359840", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517822, "title": "Factors associated with the duration of hospitalization among COVID-19 patients in Vietnam: A survival analysis.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Thai, Pham Quang", "Toan, Do Thi Thanh", "Dinh, Thai Son", "Hoang, Thi Hai Van", "Luu, Ngoc Minh", "Xuan Hung, Le", "Ngo, Van Toan", "Luu, Ngoc Hoat", "Duong, Huy Luong", "Luong, Ngoc Khue", "Nguyen, Trong Khoa", "Le, Thi Huong"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517822", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427166, "pmcid": "PMC7227507", "title": "Natural experiment concept to accelerate the Re-purposing of existing therapeutics for Covid-19.", "journal": "Glob Epidemiol", "authors": ["Daughton, Christian G"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427166", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One of the many questions with respect to controlling the novel coronavirus pandemic is whether existing drugs can be re-purposed (re-positioned) for the prevention or treatment of Covid-19 - or for any future epidemic. The usefulness of existing approaches for re-purposing range from computational modeling to clinical trials. These are often time-consuming, resource intensive, and prone to failure. Proposed here is a new but simple concept that would capitalize on the opportunity presented by the on-going natural experiment involving the collection of data from epidemiological surveillance screening and diagnostic testing for clinical treatment. The objective would be to also collect for each Covid-19 case the patient's prior usage of existing therapeutic drugs. These drug usage data would be collected for several major test groups - those who test positive for active SARS-CoV-2 infection (using molecular methods) and those who test negative for current infection but also test positive for past infection (using serologic antibody tests). Patients from each of these groups would also be categorized with respect to where they resided on the spectrum of morbidities (from no or mild symptomology to severe). By comparing the distribution of normalized usage data for each drug within each group, drugs that are more associated with particular test groups could be revealed as having potential prophylactic, therapeutic, or contraindicated effects with respect to disease progression. These drugs could then be selected as candidates for further evaluation in fighting Covid-19. Also summarized are some of the numerous attributes, advantages, and limitations of the proposed concept, all pointing to the need for further discussion and evaluation."}, {"pmid": 32525056, "title": "Development of a Device to Reduce Oropharyngeal Aerosol Transmission.", "journal": "J Endod", "authors": ["Russell, Cameron"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525056", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world-wide COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted dental practice. Issues confronting practicing dentists include possible transmission of disease by droplets/ aerosol or contact with contaminated surfaces. Dentists are at increased risk due to their proximity to the oropharynx. In an effort to reduce potential exposure to aerosols generated during treatment, a device has been developed in which a polycarbonate shield is mounted to the dental operating microscope with an attached high velocity vacuum hose. Anemometer measurements demonstrate an exhaust outflow of 3.9 ft/min at a position approximating the patient's oropharynx. More research may be warranted using this or similar approaches to mitigate aerosol transmission."}, {"pmid": 32492532, "pmcid": "PMC7261472", "title": "Does COVID-19 infection impact on the trend of seasonal influenza infection? 11 countries and regions, from 2014 to 2020.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Itaya, Takahiro", "Furuse, Yuki", "Jindai, Kazuaki"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492532", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection due to the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is widespread dramatically around the world. This COVID-19 pandemic could increase public concern to prevent infectious disease. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between the COVID-19 epidemic and decreasing another infectious disease. This study was performed to show trends in seasonal influenza cases from the 2014-2015 season to the 2019-2020 season in 11 countries and regions, and evaluate whether the trends in the 2019-2020 season were different before and after the COVID-19 pandemic compared to previous seasons using a quasi-experimental difference-in-difference design. In East Asia, the number of seasonal influenza cases in the 2019-20 season was lower after the COVID-19 transmission compared to previous years. However, this was not the case in the American countries or in European countries. The COVID-19 epidemic might have altered health behaviors, resulting in an unexpected reduction of seasonal influenza cases."}, {"pmid": 32386187, "title": "Antibody tests for COVID-19: drawing attention to the importance of analytical specificity.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Diamandis, Phedias", "Prassas, Ioannis", "Diamandis, Eleftherios P"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386187", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243945, "pmcid": "PMC7195335", "title": "Treatment With Convalescent Plasma for Critically Ill Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Zhang, Bin", "Liu, Shuyi", "Tan, Tan", "Huang, Wenhui", "Dong, Yuhao", "Chen, Luyan", "Chen, Qiuying", "Zhang, Lu", "Zhong, Qingyang", "Zhang, Xiaoping", "Zou, Yujian", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243945", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 24, 2020, novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for 379,661 infection cases with 16,428 deaths globally, and the number is still increasing rapidly. Herein, we present four critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who received supportive care and convalescent plasma. Although all four patients (including a pregnant woman) recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection eventually, randomized trials are needed to eliminate the effect of other treatments and investigate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy."}, {"pmid": 32518068, "title": "Covid-19: Bolsonaro under fire as Brazil hides figures.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518068", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434310, "pmcid": "PMC7248616", "title": "The Clinical Manifestations and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: A Proportion Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Park, Joo-Hyun", "Jang, Wook", "Kim, Sang-Woo", "Lee, Jeongjun", "Lim, Yun-Sung", "Cho, Chang-Gun", "Park, Seok-Won", "Kim, Bo Hae"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434310", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objectives of this study were to identify the clinical features and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to compare the characteristics of patients diagnosed in Wuhan and in other areas of China by integrating the findings reported in previous studies. We conducted a proportion meta-analysis to integrate the results of previous studies identified in online databases, and subsequently compared the overlapping of 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between locations of diagnosis. The heterogeneity of the results of the included studies was also demonstrated. Nine studies with level IV evidence were considered to be eligible for the meta-analysis, and a comparative analysis was only possible between patients diagnosed in Wuhan and outside of Wuhan in China. Fever (84.8%; 95% CI, 78.5% to 90.1%) was identified as the most common clinical manifestation in all COVID-19 patients, and signs of respiratory infection were also frequently present in these patients. When comparing the clinical features according to the location of diagnosis, fever and dyspnea were less frequent in patients diagnosed outside of Wuhan (fever: 78.1%; 95% CI, 73.2% to 82.7%; dyspnea: 3.80%; 95% CI, 0.13% to 12.22%) than in patients diagnosed in Wuhan (fever: 91.7%; 95% CI, 88.0% to 94.8%; dyspnea: 21.1%; 95% CI, 13.2% to 30.3%). The chest CT findings exhibited no significant differences between the groups. Fever was found to be the most common symptom in COVID-19, and respiratory infection signs were also commonly present. Fever and dyspnea were less frequently observed in the patients diagnosed outside of Wuhan, which should be considered in COVID-19 screening programs. These results may be attributable to the earlier diagnosis of the disease and the younger age of patients outside of Wuhan although further analysis is needed. The role of chest CT in COVID-19 diagnosis is inconclusive based on this study."}, {"pmid": 32103284, "pmcid": "PMC7079839", "title": "Severe SARS-CoV-2 infections: practical considerations and management strategy for intensivists.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Bouadma, Lila", "Lescure, Francois-Xavier", "Lucet, Jean-Christophe", "Yazdanpanah, Yazdan", "Timsit, Jean-Francois"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32103284", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270581, "pmcid": "PMC7262203", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: Effects and evidence-based recommendations for otolaryngology and head and neck surgery practice.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Kowalski, Luiz P", "Sanabria, Alvaro", "Ridge, John A", "Ng, Wai Tong", "de Bree, Remco", "Rinaldo, Alessandra", "Takes, Robert P", "Makitie, Antti A", "Carvalho, Andre L", "Bradford, Carol R", "Paleri, Vinidh", "Hartl, Dana M", "Vander Poorten, Vincent", "Nixon, Iain J", "Piazza, Cesare", "Lacy, Peter D", "Rodrigo, Juan P", "Guntinas-Lichius, Orlando", "Mendenhall, William M", "D'Cruz, Anil", "Lee, Anne W M", "Ferlito, Alfio"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270581", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious zoonosis produced by SARS-CoV-2 that is spread human-to-human by respiratory secretions. It was declared by the WHO as a public health emergency. The most susceptible populations, needing mechanical ventilation, are the elderly and people with associated comorbidities. There is an important risk of contagion for anesthetists, dentists, head and neck surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, ophthalmologists, and otolaryngologists. Health workers represent between 3.8% and 20% of the infected population; some 15% will develop severe complaints and among them, many will lose their lives. A large number of patients do not have overt signs and symptoms (fever/respiratory), yet pose a real risk to surgeons (who should know this fact and must therefore apply respiratory protective strategies for all patients they encounter). All interventions that have the potential to aerosolize aerodigestive secretions should be avoided or used only when mandatory. Health workers who are: pregnant, over 55 to 65\u2009years of age, with a history of chronic diseases (uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and all clinical scenarios where immunosuppression is feasible, including that induced to treat chronic inflammatory conditions and organ transplants) should avoid the clinical attention of a potentially infected patient. Health care facilities should prioritize urgent and emergency visits and procedures until the present condition stabilizes; truly elective care should cease and discussed on a case-by-case basis for patients with cancer. For those who are working with COVID-19 infected patients' isolation is compulsory in the following settings: (a) unprotected close contact with COVID-19 pneumonia patients; (b) onset of fever, cough, shortness of breath, and other symptoms (gastrointestinal complaints, anosmia, and dysgeusia have been reported in a minority of cases). For any care or intervention in the upper aerodigestive tract region, irrespective of the setting and a confirmed diagnosis (eg, rhinoscopy or flexible laryngoscopy in the outpatient setting and tracheostomy or rigid endoscopy under anesthesia), it is strongly recommended that all health care personnel wear personal protective equipment such as N95, gown, cap, eye protection, and gloves. The procedures described are essential in trying to maintain safety of health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, otolaryngologists, head and neck, and maxillofacial surgeons are per se exposed to the greatest risk of infection while caring for COVID-19 positive subjects, and their protection should be considered a priority in the present circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32501664, "title": "Waiting for Certainty on Covid-19 Antibody Tests - At What Cost?", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Weinstein, Milton C", "Freedberg, Kenneth A", "Hyle, Emily P", "Paltiel, A David"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501664", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484912, "title": "Characteristics of U.S. Nursing Homes with COVID-19 Cases.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Abrams, Hannah R", "Loomer, Lacey", "Gandhi, Ashvin", "Grabowski, David C"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484912", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has been documented in a large share of nursing homes throughout the United States. This has led to high rates of mortality for residents. In order to understand how to prevent and mitigate future outbreaks, it is imperative that we understand which nursing homes are more likely to experience COVID-19 cases. To examine the characteristics of nursing homes with documented COVID-19 cases in 30 states reporting individual facilities affected. We constructed a database of nursing homes with verified COVID-19 cases as of May 11, 2020 via correspondence with and publicly available reports from state departments of health. We linked this information to nursing home characteristics and used regression analysis to examine association between these characteristics and the likelihood of having a documented COVID-19 case. Of 9,395 nursing homes in our sample, 2,949 (31.4%) had a documented COVID-19 case. Larger facility size, urban location, greater percentage of African American residents, non-chain status, and state were significantly (p<0.05) related to increased probability of having a COVID-19 case. Five-star rating, prior infection violation, Medicaid dependency, and ownership were not significantly related. COVID-19 cases in nursing homes are related to facility location and size and not traditional quality metrics such as star rating and prior infection control citations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32371196, "pmcid": "PMC7177136", "title": "Theme: Information on the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Transfus Apher Sci", "authors": ["Rock, Gail"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371196", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198005, "pmcid": "PMC7267541", "title": "A case of COVID-19 and pneumonia returning from Macau in Taiwan: Clinical course and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG dynamic.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lee, Nan-Yao", "Li, Chia-Wen", "Tsai, Huey-Pin", "Chen, Po-Lin", "Syue, Ling-Shan", "Li, Ming-Chi", "Tsai, Chin-Shiang", "Lo, Ching-Lung", "Hsueh, Po-Ren", "Ko, Wen-Chien"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198005", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 46-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with 2-day fever and cough at seven days after returning from Macau. COVID-19 and pneumonia was diagnosed based on the positive real-time RT-PCR tests for oropharyngeal swab samples and the presence of anti-SARS-COV-2 IgG starting from the illness day 11 and post-exposure 18-21 days."}, {"pmid": 32453058, "pmcid": "PMC7273947", "title": "Moderately Severe Diarrhea and Impaired Renal Function With COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Cappell, Mitchell S"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453058", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404639, "pmcid": "PMC7268820", "title": "Ultrasound-guided interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic - a new challenge.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Allam, Abdallah El-Sayed", "Ergonenc, Tolga", "Martos, Alvaro Garcia", "Perez, Mario Fajardo", "Perdisa, Francesco", "Porta, Francesco", "Serrano, Simao", "Tognu, Andrea", "Galluccio, Felice"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404639", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391675, "title": "[Analysis of medication characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine in treating COVID-19 based on data mining].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Fan, Tiantian", "Chen, Yongcan", "Bai, Yu", "Ma, Fengqi", "Wang, Hengcang", "Yang, Yiping", "Chen, Jinxu", "Lin, Yuqi"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391675", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analysis the medication characteristics of the prescriptions issued via open channel by the National and Provincial Health Committee and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We collected the data of traditional Chinese medicine related to treatment plans published by the National and Provincial Health Committee and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine from the start of COVID-19 outbreak to February 19, 2020. The frequency analysis, cluster analysis and association analysis were performed. The study collected 4 national and 34 regional prevention and treatment plans, 578 items, 84 traditional Chinese formulations, 60 Chinese patent medicines, and 230 Chinese herbs. The high frequently used herbs were Liquorice, Scutellariabaicalensis, Semen armeniacaeamarae, and Gypsum. The commonly used traditional formulations included Maxing Shigan decoction, Yin Qiao powder, and Xuanbai Chengqi decoction. The Chinese patent drugs included Angong Niuhuang pill, Xuebijing injection, and Lianhua Qingwen capsule. The most common paired medications were Ephedra and Semen armeniacaeamarae, Fructusforsythiae and Liquorice. Two core combinations and one novel formula were discovered in the study. Yin Qiao powder and Huopo Xialing decoction are the basic formulations for Weifen syndrome of COVID-19. In addition, Maxing Shigan decoction, Liang Ge powder, Qingwen Baidu decoction and Da Yuan decoction are the basic formulations for Qifen syndrome of COVID-19. The main medication characteristics are clearing heat, entilating lung, removing toxicity and removing turbidity. It shows that removing toxicity and eliminating evil are the prescription thought in treating epidemic disease of traditional Chinese medicine."}, {"pmid": 32268930, "pmcid": "PMC7188692", "title": "Just the Facts: Recommendations on point-of-care ultrasound use and machine infection control during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Kim, Daniel J", "Jelic, Tomislav", "Woo, Michael Y", "Heslop, Claire", "Olszynski, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268930", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020, and, currently, there are over 10,000 confirmed cases in Canada, with this number expected to grow exponentially. There has been widespread interest in the use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in the management of patients with suspected COVID-19. The CAEP Emergency Ultrasound Committee has developed recommendations on the use of POCUS in these patients, with an emphasis on machine infection control measures."}, {"pmid": 32304581, "pmcid": "PMC7264726", "title": "Changes in blood coagulation in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Xiong, Mi", "Liang, Xue", "Wei, You-Dong"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304581", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405133, "pmcid": "PMC7218398", "title": "[Lung cancer patients on the waiting list in the midst of the COVID-19 crisis: What do we do now?]", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["de la Vina, Jesus Isea", "Mayol, Julio", "Ortega, Ana Laura", "Navarrete, Bernardino Alcazar"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405133", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438617, "title": "A Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Protocol for Patients with Acute Kidney Injury in Intensive Care Unit with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Nalesso, Federico", "Garzotto, Francesco", "Cattarin, Leda", "Gobbi, Laura", "Qassim, Laila", "Sgarabotto, Luca", "Tiberio, Ivo", "Calo, Lorenzo A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438617", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 often leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI). The indications for renal replacement therapy for these patients are those commonly accepted to treat AKI. We describe a continuous veno-venous haemodialysis (CVVHD) protocol for AKI, which aims to provide the best treatment according to the particular patient's and medical personnels' needs in biohazard settings with limited human and technological resources. We designed a CVVHD protocol with a high cut-off (HCO) filter in regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA). The HCO filter in diffusion determines the enhanced cytokines clearance with less filter clotting due to a lower filtration fraction. In our hospital, at the beginning of the pandemic outbreak, we treated seven COVID-19 patients with AKI stage 2 and 3 and recorded the circuit lifespan and the number of interventions on monitors. CVVHD in RCA appears to be safe, effective and easy to be performed in a biohazard scenario using lower blood flows and less bag changes with fluid savings, a biohazard reduction and sparing of resources. Although the data come from a very small cohort, our protocol seems related to a low mortality."}, {"pmid": 32355653, "pmcid": "PMC7188613", "title": "Chest CT as a screening tool for COVID-19 in unrelated patients and asymptomatic subjects without contact history is unjustified.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Liu, Wei-Hong", "Wang, Xia-Wu", "Cai, Zhong-Quan", "Wang, Xiao", "Huang, Xiao-Lu", "Jin, Zhi-Gang"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355653", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32186171, "title": "[Using the big data ofinternet to understand coronavirus disease 2019's symptom characteristics: a big data study].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Qiu, H J", "Yuan, L X", "Huang, X K", "Zhou, Y Q", "Wu, Q W", "Zheng, R", "Yang, Q T"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32186171", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: Analyzing the symptom characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) to improve its prevention. Methods: Using Baidu Index Platform (http://index.baidu.com) and the website of Chinese\u00a0Center\u00a0for Disease Control and Prevention as data resources to obtain the search volume (SV) of keywords for symptoms associated with COVID-19 from January 1 to February 20 in each year from 2017 to 2020, in Hubei province and other top 10 impacted provinces in China and the epidemic data. Data of 2020 were compared with the previous three years. Data of Hubei province were compared with confirmed cases. The differences and characteristics of the SV of COVID-19-related symptoms, and the correlation between the SV of COVID-19 and new confirmed or suspected cases were analyzed and the hysteresis effects were discussed. Results: Compared the data from January 1 to February 20, 2020, with the SV for the same period of previous three years, Hubei's SV for cough, fever, diarrhea, chest tightness, dyspnea and other symptoms were significantly increased. The total SV of lower respiratory symptoms was significantly higher than that of upper respiratory symptoms (P<0.001). The SV of COVID-19 in Hubei province was significantly correlated with new confirmed or suspected cases (R(confirmed) = 0.723, R(suspected) = 0.863, all P < 0.001). The results of the distributed lag model suggested that the patients who retrieved relevant symptoms on the Internet may begin to see a doctor in 2-3 days later and be diagnosed in 3-4 days later. Conclusions: The total SV of lower respiratory symptoms is higher than that of upper respiratory symptoms, and the SV of diarrhea also increased significantly. It warns us to pay attention to not only the symptoms of lower respiratory tract, but also the gastrointestinal symptoms, especially diarrhea in patients with COVID-19. There is a relationship between Internet retrieval behavior\u00a0and the number of new confirmed or suspected cases. Big data has a certain role in the early warning of infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32282891, "pmcid": "PMC7156090", "title": "Community Pharmacists in Taiwan at the Frontline Against the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic: Gatekeepers for the Rationing of Personal Protective Equipment.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Ou, Huang-Tz", "Kao Yang, Yea-Huei"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282891", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277869, "pmcid": "PMC7194966", "title": "Respiratory health in athletes: facing the COVID-19 challenge.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Hull, James H", "Loosemore, Mike", "Schwellnus, Martin"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277869", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303492, "title": "A European roadmap out of the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["McKee, Martin"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303492", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171194, "title": "[Pathological changes with novel coronavirus infection in lung cancer surgical specimen].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Kuang, D", "Xu, S P", "Hu, Y", "Liu, C", "Duan, Y Q", "Wang, G P"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171194", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247212, "pmcid": "PMC7102662", "title": "Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Bansal, Manish"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247212", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have underlying cardiovascular (CV) disease or develop acute cardiac injury during the course of the illness. Adequate understanding of the interplay between COVID-19 and CV disease is required for optimum management of these patients. A literature search was done using PubMed and Google search engines to prepare a narrative review on this topic. Respiratory illness is the dominant clinical manifestation of COVID-19; CV involvement occurs much less commonly. Acute cardiac injury, defined as significant elevation of cardiac troponins, is the most commonly reported cardiac abnormality in COVID-19. It occurs in approximately 8-12% of all patients. Direct myocardial injury due to viral involvement of cardiomyocytes and the effect of systemic inflammation appear to be the most common mechanisms responsible for cardiac injury. The information about other CV manifestations in COVID-19 is very limited at present. Nonetheless, it has been consistently shown that the presence of pre-existing CV disease and/or development of acute cardiac injury are associated with significantly worse outcome in these patients. Most of the current reports on COVID-19 have only briefly described CV manifestations in these patients. Given the enormous burden posed by this illness and the significant adverse prognostic impact of cardiac involvement, further research is required to understand the incidence, mechanisms, clinical presentation and outcomes of various CV manifestations in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32441351, "title": "Tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: Optimizing patient selection and identifying prognostic indicators.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Stubington, Thomas J", "Mallick, Ali S", "Garas, Georgios", "Stubington, Emma", "Reddy, Chetan", "Mansuri, Mohammed S"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441351", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tracheotomy, through its ability to wean patients off ventilation, can shorten ICU length of stay and in doing so increase ICU bed capacity, crucial for saving lives during the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, there is a paucity of patient selection criteria and prognosticators to facilitate decision making and enhance precious ICU capacity. Prospective study of COVID-19 patients undergoing tracheotomy (n = 12) over a 4-week period (March-April 2020). Association between preoperative and postoperative ventilation requirements and outcomes (ICU stay, time to decannulation, and death) were examined. Patients who sustained FiO2 \u2009\u2264\u200950% and PEEP\u2009\u2264\u20098 cm H2 O in the 24\u2009hours pretracheotomy exhibited a favorable outcome. Those whose requirements remained below these thresholds post-tracheotomy could be safely stepped down after 48\u2009hours. Sustained FiO2 \u2009\u2264\u200950% and PEEP\u2009\u2264\u20098 cm H2 O in the 48\u2009hours post-tracheotomy are strong predictive factors for a good outcome, raising the potential for these patients to be stepped down early, thus increasing ICU capacity."}, {"pmid": 32300796, "pmcid": "PMC7184466", "title": "A geroscience perspective on COVID-19 mortality.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Promislow, Daniel E L"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300796", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in December 2019, leading within a few months to a global pandemic. COVID-19, the disease caused by this highly contagious virus, can have serious health consequences, though risks of complications are highly age-dependent. Rates of hospitalization and death are less than 0.1% in children, but increase to 10% or more in older people. Moreover, at all ages, men are more likely than women to suffer serious consequences from COVID-19. These patterns are familiar to the geroscience community. The effects of age and sex on mortality rates from COVID-19 mirror the effects of aging on almost all major causes of mortality. These similarities are explored here, and underscore the need to consider the role of basic biological mechanisms of aging on potential treatment and outcomes of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32498938, "pmcid": "PMC7200366", "title": "Managing thromboembolic risk with menopausal hormone therapy and hormonal contraception in the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations from the Spanish Menopause Society, Sociedad Espanola de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and Sociedad Espanola de Trombosis y Hemostasia.", "journal": "Maturitas", "authors": ["Ramirez, Isabel", "De la Viuda, Esther", "Baquedano, Laura", "Coronado, Pluvio", "Llaneza, Placido", "Mendoza, Nicolas", "Otero, Borja", "Sanchez, Sonia", "Cancelo, M feminine Jesus", "Paramo, Jose Antonio", "Cano, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498938", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is associated with a systemic inflammatory response with activation of coagulation in symptomatic patients. The possibility of coagulopathies in peri- and postmenopausal women taking estrogen therapies makes it necessary to consider antithrombotic strategies, such as the use of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) at specific prophylactic or treatment doses for each individual case, depending on the risk factors that each woman presents. For such reasons, a panel of experts from various Spanish scientific societies has met to develop usage recommendations for managing menopausal women taking menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) or combined hormonal contraception (CHC) during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32437478, "pmcid": "PMC7241692", "title": "Harnessing the natural anti-glycan immune response to limit the transmission of enveloped viruses such as SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "PLoS Pathog", "authors": ["Breiman, Adrien", "Ruven-Clouet, Nathalie", "Le Pendu, Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437478", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389027, "title": "Glycemic Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in the United States.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Bode, Bruce", "Garrett, Valerie", "Messler, Jordan", "McFarland, Raymie", "Crowe, Jennifer", "Booth, Robby", "Klonoff, David C"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389027", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes has emerged as an important risk factor for severe illness and death from COVID-19. There is a paucity of information on glycemic control among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes and acute hyperglycemia. This retrospective observational study of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 adults evaluated glycemic and clinical outcomes in patients with and without diabetes and/or acutely uncontrolled hyperglycemia hospitalized March 1 to April 6, 2020. Diabetes was defined as A1C \u22656.5%. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia was defined as \u22652 blood glucoses (BGs) > 180\u2009mg/dL within any 24-hour period. Data were abstracted from Glytec's data warehouse. Among 1122 patients in 88 U.S. hospitals, 451 patients with diabetes and/or uncontrolled hyperglycemia spent 37.8% of patient days having a mean BG > 180\u2009mg/dL. Among 570 patients who died or were discharged, the mortality rate was 28.8% in 184 diabetes and/or uncontrolled hyperglycemia patients, compared with 6.2% of 386 patients without diabetes or hyperglycemia (P < .001). Among the 184 patients with diabetes and/or hyperglycemia who died or were discharged, 40 of 96 uncontrolled hyperglycemia patients (41.7%) died compared with 13 of 88 patients with diabetes (14.8%, P < .001). Among 493 discharged survivors, median length of stay (LOS) was longer in 184 patients with diabetes and/or uncontrolled hyperglycemia compared with 386 patients without diabetes or hyperglycemia (5.7 vs 4.3\u2009days, P < .001). Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, diabetes and/or uncontrolled hyperglycemia occurred frequently. These COVID-19 patients with diabetes and/or uncontrolled hyperglycemia had a longer LOS and markedly higher mortality than patients without diabetes or uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Patients with uncontrolled hyperglycemia had a particularly high mortality rate. We recommend health systems which ensure that inpatient hyperglycemia is safely and effectively treated."}, {"pmid": 32502759, "pmcid": "PMC7236714", "title": "A modified barrier enclosure to prevent viral aerosol transmission during endotracheal intubation and extubation of patients with coronavirus disease.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kojima, Yuki", "Aoyama, Kanae", "Yamagata, Kazuaki", "Sugimura, Mitsutaka"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502759", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398900, "pmcid": "PMC7216570", "title": "COVID-19, the Anthropocene, and transformative change.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Massy, Charles"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398900", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434708, "pmcid": "PMC7219425", "title": "SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody detection in healthcare workers in Germany with direct contact to COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Korth, Johannes", "Wilde, Benjamin", "Dolff, Sebastian", "Anastasiou, Olympia E", "Krawczyk, Adalbert", "Jahn, Michael", "Cordes, Sebastian", "Ross, Birgit", "Esser, Stefan", "Lindemann, Monika", "Kribben, Andreas", "Dittmer, Ulf", "Witzke, Oliver", "Herrmann, Anke"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434708", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a severe respiratory manifestation, COVID-19, and presents a challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. Healthcare workers are a vulnerable cohort for SARS-CoV-2 infection due to frequent and close contact to patients with COVID-19. Serum samples from 316 healthcare workers of the University Hospital Essen, Germany were tested for SARS-CoV-2-IgG antibodies. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Healthcare workers were grouped depending on the frequency of contact to COVID-19 patients in high-risk-group (n = 244) with daily contact to known or suspected SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, intermediated-risk-group (n = 37) with daily contact to patients without known or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection at admission and low-risk-group (n = 35) without patient contact. In 5 of 316 (1.6 %) healthcare workers SARS-CoV-2-IgG antibodies could be detected. The seroprevalence was higher in the intermediate-risk-group vs. high-risk-group (2/37 (5.4 %) vs. 3/244 (1.2 %), p = 0.13). Four of the five subject were tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 via PCR. One (20 %) subject was not tested via PCR since he was asymptomatic. The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers of a tertiary hospital in Germany is low (1.6 %). The data indicate that the local hygiene standard might be effective."}, {"pmid": 32499015, "pmcid": "PMC7245203", "title": "Arterial thrombotic complications in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Rey, Juan R", "Caro-Codon, Juan", "Poveda Pineda, Dolores", "Merino, Jose Luis", "Iniesta, Angel M", "Lopez-Sendon, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499015", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364762, "title": "At the Heart of the Matter: Unmasking and Addressing COVID-19's Toll on Diverse Populations.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Haynes, Norrisa", "Cooper, Lisa A", "Albert, Michelle A"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364762", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304092, "pmcid": "PMC7264627", "title": "New onset acute symptomatic seizure and risk factors in coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective multicenter study.", "journal": "Epilepsia", "authors": ["Lu, Lu", "Xiong, Weixi", "Liu, Dan", "Liu, Jing", "Yang, Dan", "Li, Nian", "Mu, Jie", "Guo, Jian", "Li, Weimin", "Wang, Gang", "Gao, Hui", "Zhang, Yingying", "Lin, Mintao", "Chen, Lei", "Shen, Sisi", "Zhang, Hesheng", "Sander, Josemir W", "Luo, Jianfei", "Chen, Shengli", "Zhou, Dong"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304092", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our aim was to clarify the incidence and risk of acute symptomatic seizures in people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This multicenter retrospective study enrolled people with COVID-19 from January 18 to February 18, 2020 at 42 government-designated hospitals in Hubei province, the epicenter of the epidemic in China; Sichuan province; and Chongqing municipality. Data were collected from medical records by 11 neurologists using a standard case report form. A total of 304 people were enrolled, of whom 108 had a severe condition. None in this cohort had a known history of epilepsy. Neither acute symptomatic seizures nor status epilepticus was observed. Two people had seizurelike symptoms during hospitalization due to acute stress reaction and hypocalcemia, and 84 (27%) had brain insults or metabolic imbalances during the disease course known to increase the risk of seizures. There was no evidence suggesting an additional risk of acute symptomatic seizures in people with COVID-19. Neither the virus nor potential risk factors for seizures seem to be significant risks for the occurrence of acute symptomatic seizures in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32119823, "pmcid": "PMC7159019", "title": "A family cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infection involving 11 patients in Nanjing, China.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Rui", "Xia, Juan", "Chen, Yuxin", "Shan, Chun", "Wu, Chao"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119823", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285380, "pmcid": "PMC7152620", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Liu, Wei", "Wang, Jing", "Li, Wenbin", "Zhou, Zhaoxian", "Liu, Siying", "Rong, Zhihui"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285380", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers and increase the current knowledge on the perinatal consequences of COVID-19. Nineteen neonates were admitted to Tongji Hospital from January 31 to February 29, 2020. Their mothers were clinically diagnosed or laboratory-confirmed with COVID-19. We prospectively collected and analyzed data of mothers and infants. There are 19 neonates included in the research. Among them, 10 mothers were confirmed COVID-19 by positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in throat swab, and 9 mothers were clinically diagnosed with COVID-19. Delivery occurred in an isolation room and neonates were immediately separated from the mothers and isolated for at least 14 days. No fetal distress was found. Gestational age of the neonates was 38.6 \u00b1 1.5 weeks, and average birth weight was 3293 \u00b1 425 g. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in throat swab, urine, and feces of all neonates were negative. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in breast milk and amniotic fluid was negative too. None of the neonates developed clinical, radiologic, hematologic, or biochemical evidence of COVID-19. No vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and no perinatal complications in the third trimester were found in our study. The delivery should occur in isolation and neonates should be separated from the infected mothers and care givers."}, {"pmid": 32408801, "title": "Virtual Visits in Ophthalmology: Timely Advice for Implementation During the COVID-19 Public Health Crisis.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Bowe, Theodore", "Hunter, David G", "Mantagos, Iason S", "Kazlas, Melanie", "Jastrzembski, Benjamin G", "Gaier, Eric D", "Massey, Gordon", "Franz, Kristin", "Schumann, Caitlin", "Brown, Christina", "Meyers, Heather", "Shah, Ankoor S"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408801", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    Virtual visits (VVs) are necessitated due to the public health crisis and social distancing mandates due to COVID-19. However, these have been rare in ophthalmology. Over 3.5 years of conducting >350 ophthalmological VVs, our group has gained numerous insights into best practices. This communication shares these experiences with the medical community to support patient care during this difficult time and beyond. We highlight that mastering the technological platform of choice, optimizing lighting, camera positioning, and \"eye contact,\" being thoughtful and creative with the virtual eye examination, and ensuring good documenting and billing will make a successful and efficient VV. Moreover, we think these ideas will stimulate further VV creativity and expertise to be developed in ophthalmology and across medicine. This approach, holds promise for increasing its adoption after the crisis has passed.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32266703, "pmcid": "PMC7138654", "title": "Why Only Test Symptomatic Patients? Consider Random Screening for COVID-19.", "journal": "Appl Health Econ Health Policy", "authors": ["Padula, William V"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266703", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462675, "title": "Guidance for Resumption of Routine Electrodiagnostic Testing during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Desai, Urvi", "Kassardjian, Charles D", "Del Toro, David", "Gleveckas-Martens, Nida", "Srinivasan, Jayashri", "Venesy, Deborah", "Narayanaswami, Pushpa"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world accommodates to the COVID-19 pandemic, routine in-person medical services are resuming. The resumption of non-urgent electrodiagnostic (EDX) testing faces unique challenges due to the long duration of the procedure and direct close contact with patients, including studies with risk of exposure to oropharyngeal secretions. We provide consensus guidance for resumption of EDX testing, addressing scheduling, patient arrival and registration, use of personal protective equipment, COVID-19 screening and testing, the performance of EDX in outpatient and inpatient settings, cleaning and maintenance of the EDX equipment and laboratory, balancing trainee safety and training requirements, and patient care issues. These are broad recommendations which need to be adapted to local COVID-19 risks, institutional guidelines and policies, and changing federal, state and local regulations, and to changes in the pandemic over time. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32374384, "pmcid": "PMC7239111", "title": "Roles and challenges of primary care physicians facing a dual outbreak of COVID-19 and dengue in Singapore.", "journal": "Fam Pract", "authors": ["Lam, Lawrence T M", "Chua, Ying Xian", "Tan, David H Y"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374384", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416069, "pmcid": "PMC7196900", "title": "Clinically Applicable AI System for Accurate Diagnosis, Quantitative Measurements, and Prognosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia Using Computed Tomography.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Zhang, Kang", "Liu, Xiaohong", "Shen, Jun", "Li, Zhihuan", "Sang, Ye", "Wu, Xingwang", "Zha, Yunfei", "Liang, Wenhua", "Wang, Chengdi", "Wang, Ke", "Ye, Linsen", "Gao, Ming", "Zhou, Zhongguo", "Li, Liang", "Wang, Jin", "Yang, Zehong", "Cai, Huimin", "Xu, Jie", "Yang, Lei", "Cai, Wenjia", "Xu, Wenqin", "Wu, Shaoxu", "Zhang, Wei", "Jiang, Shanping", "Zheng, Lianghong", "Zhang, Xuan", "Wang, Li", "Lu, Liu", "Li, Jiaming", "Yin, Haiping", "Wang, Winston", "Li, Oulan", "Zhang, Charlotte", "Liang, Liang", "Wu, Tao", "Deng, Ruiyun", "Wei, Kang", "Zhou, Yong", "Chen, Ting", "Lau, Johnson Yiu-Nam", "Fok, Manson", "He, Jianxing", "Lin, Tianxin", "Li, Weimin", "Wang, Guangyu"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416069", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many COVID-19 patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 virus develop pneumonia (called novel coronavirus pneumonia, NCP) and rapidly progress to respiratory failure. However, rapid diagnosis and identification of high-risk patients for early intervention are challenging. Using a large computed tomography (CT) database from 3,777 patients, we developed an AI system that can diagnose NCP and differentiate it from other common pneumonia and normal controls. The AI system can assist radiologists and physicians in performing a quick diagnosis especially when the health system is overloaded. Significantly, our AI system identified important clinical markers that correlated with the NCP lesion properties. Together with the clinical data, our AI system was able to provide accurate clinical prognosis that can aid clinicians to consider appropriate early clinical management and allocate resources appropriately. We have made this AI system available globally to assist the clinicians to combat COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32377932, "pmcid": "PMC7201112", "title": "Animal-to-Human Viral Transitions: Is SARS-CoV-2 an Evolutionarily Successful One?", "journal": "J Mol Evol", "authors": ["Voskarides, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377932", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Transmission of viruses from one species to another is not unusual in nature. Despite this, evolutionarily successful transmissions are rare. Such events can cause pandemics and are followed by host-virus coevolution procedures that can increase the fitness potential of viruses. In this perspective article, I recognize eight main types of trans-species viral transmission. I consider two of them as evolutionarily successful, explaining why coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 could be one of them."}, {"pmid": 32393400, "pmcid": "PMC7242767", "title": "Protecting the Prehospital Professional First Aid Teams from Airborne Viral Particles in the Case of Out-of-Hospital Pediatric Cardiac Arrest during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Lemoine, Sabine", "Briche, Frederique", "Jost, Daniel", "Prunet, Bertrand"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393400", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32252849, "title": "COVID-19: From Epidemic to Pandemic.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["James, James J"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252849", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522736, "title": "Infographic. Cooling strategies to attenuate PPE-induced heat strain during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Sports Med", "authors": ["Bongers, Coen Cwg", "de Korte, Johannus Q", "Catoire, Milene", "Greefhorst, Job", "Hopman, Maria T E", "Kingma, Boris", "Eijsvogels, Thijs M H"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522736", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517835, "title": "Delayed Recognition of Community Transmission of COVID-19 Resulting in Healthcare Worker Infections.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Dantes, Raymund B", "Jones, Tait T", "Neujahr, David C"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517835", "countries": ["Georgia", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe a case of delayed COVID-19 diagnosis due to unrecognized community transmission in Atlanta, Georgia in mid-February 2020. This case resulted in transmission of COVID-19 to three of the four healthcare workers present during a diagnostic bronchoscopy procedure where only procedural masks were worn."}, {"pmid": 32340095, "title": "[Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 cases and influencing factors in Guangdong province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Y T", "Deng, A P", "Hu, T", "Chen, X G", "Zhuang, Y L", "Tan, X H", "Zhen, H Z", "Sun, L M", "Li, Y", "Zhong, H J", "He, J F", "Song, T", "Kang, M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340095", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the clinical courses and outcomes of COVID-19 cases and the influencing factors in Guangdong province and provide basis for the formulation or adjustment of medical care and epidemic control strategy for COVID-19. Methods: We collected demographic data, medical histories, clinical courses and outcomes of 1 350 COVID-19 patients reported in Guangdong as of 4 March 2020 via epidemiological investigation and process tracking. Disease severity and clinical course characteristics of the patients and influencing factors of severe illness were analyzed in our study. Results: Among 1 350 cases of COVID-19 cases in Guangdong, 72 (5.3%) and 1049 (77.7%) were mild and ordinary cases, 164 (12.1%) were severe cases, 58 (4.3%) were critical cases and 7 (0.5%) were fatal. The median duration of illness were 23 days (P(25)-P(75): 18-31 days) and the median length of hospitalization were 20 days (P(25)-P(75): 15-27 days). For severe cases, the median time of showing severe manifestations was on the 12th day after onset (P(25)-P(75): 9th to 15th days), and the median time of severe manifestation lasted for 8 days P(25)-P(75): 4-14 days). Among 1 066 discharged/fetal cases, 36.4% (36/99) and 1.0% (1/99) of the mild cases developed to ordinary cases and severe cases respectively after admission; and 5.2% (50/968) and 0.6% (6/968) of the ordinary cases developed to severe cases, and critical cases respectively after admission. In severe cases, 11.4% developed to critical cases (10/88). The influencing factors for severe illness or worse included male (aHR=1.87, 95%CI: 1.43-2.46), older age (aHR=1.67, 95%CI: 1.51-1.85), seeking medical care on day 2-3 after onset (aHR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.20-2.50) pre-existing diabetes (aHR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.12-2.73) and hypertension (aHR=1.49, 95%CI: 1.06-2.09). Conclusions: The course of illness and length of hospitalization of COVID-19 cases were generally long and associated with severity of disease clinical outcomes. The severe cases were mainly occurred in populations at high risk. In the epidemic period, classified management of COVID-19 cases should be promoted according to needs for control and prevention of isolation and treatment for the purpose of rational allocation of medical resources."}, {"pmid": 32319971, "title": "Anosmia as a prominent symptom of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Rhinology", "authors": ["Heidari, F", "Karimi, E", "Firouzifar, M", "Khamushian, P", "Ansari, R", "Mohammadi Ardehali, M", "Heidari, F"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319971", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "United Kingdom", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to WHO recommendations, everyone must protect themselves against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which will also protect others. Due to the lack of current effective treatment and vaccine for COVID-19, screening, rapid diagnosis and isolation of the patients are essential (1, 2). Therefore, identifying the early symptoms of COVID-19 is of particular importance and is a health system priority. Early studies from COVID-19 outbreak in China have illustrated several non-specific signs and symptoms in infected patients, including fever, dry cough, dyspnea, myalgia, fatigue, lymphopenia, and radiographic evidence of pneumonia (3, 4). Recently, a probability of association between COVID-19 and altered olfactory function has been reported in South Korea, Iran, Italy, France, UK and the United States (5-8). However, to our knowledge, the definite association between COVID-19 and anosmia has not been published."}, {"pmid": 32048818, "title": "Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic: a veterinary perspective.", "journal": "Vet Ital", "authors": ["Lorusso, Alessio", "Calistri, Paolo", "Petrini, Antonio", "Savini, Giovanni", "Decaro, Nicola"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32048818", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219360, "title": "The Importance of Addressing Advance Care Planning and Decisions About Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders During Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Curtis, J Randall", "Kross, Erin K", "Stapleton, Renee D"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219360", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208917, "pmcid": "PMC7103724", "title": "The different clinical characteristics of corona virus disease cases between children and their families in China - the character of children with COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Su, Liang", "Ma, Xiang", "Yu, Huafeng", "Zhang, Zhaohua", "Bian, Pengfei", "Han, Yuling", "Sun, Jing", "Liu, Yanqin", "Yang, Chun", "Geng, Jin", "Zhang, Zhongfa", "Gai, Zhongtao"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208917", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to analyze the different clinical characteristics between children and their families infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Clinical data from nine children and their 14 families were collected, including general status, clinical, laboratory test, and imaging characteristics. All the children were detected positive result after their families onset. Three children had fever (22.2%) or cough (11.2%) symptoms and six (66.7%) children had no symptom. Among the 14 adult patients, the major symptoms included fever (57.1%), cough (35.7%), chest tightness/pain (21.4%), fatigue (21.4%) and sore throat (7.1%). Nearly 70% of the patients had normal (71.4%) or decreased (28.6%) white blood cell counts, and 50% (7/14) had lymphocytopenia. There were 10 adults (71.4%) showed abnormal imaging. The main manifestations were pulmonary consolidation (70%), nodular shadow (50%), and ground glass opacity (50%). Five discharged children were admitted again because their stool showed positive result in SARS-CoV-2 PCR. COVID-19 in children is mainly caused by family transmission, and their symptoms are mild and prognosis is better than adult. However, their PCR result in stool showed longer time than their families. Because of the mild or asymptomatic clinical process, it is difficult to recognize early for pediatrician and public health staff."}, {"pmid": 32259402, "pmcid": "PMC7262216", "title": "Biosafety in the preparation and processing of cytology specimens with potential coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: Perspectives from Taiwan.", "journal": "Cancer Cytopathol", "authors": ["Chen, Chien-Chin", "Chi, Chia-Yu"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259402", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513651, "title": "Response to: 'Monitoring of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus during the COVID-19 outbreak' by Holubar et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Mathian, Alexis", "Amoura, Zahir"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513651", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447328, "title": "Validation of a chemiluminescent assay for specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Tre-Hardy, Marie", "Wilmet, Alain", "Beukinga, Ingrid", "Dogne, Jean-Michel", "Douxfils, Jonathan", "Blairon, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447328", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives Faced with the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the availability and quality of both therapeutic and diagnostic methods, the Belgian authorities have decided to launch a procedure for additional evaluation of the performance of serological tests offered for sale on the national territory. This has been proposed with a double aim: (1) an in-depth verification of the analytical and clinical performances presented by the manufacturer and (2) an economy of scale in terms of centralized validation for all the laboratories using the tests subject to evaluation. Methods A retrospective validation study was conducted including the serum of 125 patients in order to determine the analytical and clinical performances of the LIAISON\u00aeSARS-CoV-2 from DiaSorin\u00ae detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and to compare its clinical performance with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test from Euroimmun\u00ae, one of the first commercially available tests allowing the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG. Results The performances of the LIAISON\u00aeSARS-CoV-2 satisfied all the acceptance criteria and provided \"real world\" analytical and clinical performances very close to the ones reported by the manufacturer in its insert kit. Comparison between the LIAISON\u00aeSARS-CoV-2 and the ELISA method did not reveal any difference between the two techniques in terms of sensitivities and specificities regarding the determination of the IgG. Conclusions This study reports the validation of the LIAISON\u00aeSARS-CoV-2 allowing to detect IgG antibodies specifically directed against SARS-CoV-2. The analytical and clinical performances are excellent, and the automation of the test offers important rates, ideal for absorbing an extension of testing."}, {"pmid": 32442294, "title": "Therapy with agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gnavi, Roberto", "Demaria, Moreno", "Picariello, Roberta", "Dalmasso, Marco", "Ricceri, Fulvio", "Costa, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442294", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Exposure to agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system was not associated to a risk increase of COVID-19 infection in two Italian matched case-control studies, one nested in hypertensive patients and the other in patients with cardiovascular diseases or diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32454574, "pmcid": "PMC7241605", "title": "You Need a Plan: A Stepwise Protocol for Operating Room Preparedness During an Infectious Pandemic.", "journal": "Fed Pract", "authors": ["Arora, Vivek", "Evans, Connie", "Langdale, Lorrie", "Lee, Alex"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes the syndrome designated COVID-19, presents a challenge for emergency operative management. The transmission and virulence of this new pathogen has raised concern for how best to protect operating room staff while effectively providing care to the infected patient requiring urgent or emergent surgery. Establishment of a clear protocol that adheres to rigorous infection control measures while providing a safe system for interfacility transport and operative care is vital to a successful surgical pandemic response. While emergency protocols must be rapidly developed, they should be collaboratively improved and incorporate new knowledge as and when it becomes available. These measures combined with practice drills to keep operating room personnel ready and able should help construct processes that are useful, easy to follow, and tailored to the unique local environment of each health care setting. After the initial apprehensions and struggles during our confrontation with the COVID-19 crisis, it is our hope that the experience we share will be helpful to surgical staff at other institutions grappling with the challenges of operative care in the pandemic environment. While this protocol focuses on the current COVID-19 pandemic, these recommendations serve as a template for surgical preparedness that can be readily adapted to infectious disease crisis that unfortunately might emerge in the future."}, {"pmid": 32399901, "pmcid": "PMC7215140", "title": "Recruitability and effect of PEEP in SARS-Cov-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Beloncle, Francois M", "Pavlovsky, Bertrand", "Desprez, Christophe", "Fage, Nicolas", "Olivier, Pierre-Yves", "Asfar, Pierre", "Richard, Jean-Christophe", "Mercat, Alain"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399901", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A large proportion of patients with a SARS-Cov-2-associated respiratory failure develop an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It has been recently suggested that SARS-Cov-2-associated ARDS may differ from usual non-SARS-Cov-2-associated ARDS by higher respiratory system compliance (CRS), lower potential for recruitment with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) contrasting with severe shunt fraction. The purpose of the study was to systematically assess respiratory mechanics and recruitability in SARS-Cov-2-associated ARDS. Gas exchanges, CRS and hemodynamics were assessed at 2 levels of PEEP (15 cmH2O and 5 cmH2O) within 36\u00a0h (day1) and from 4 to 6\u00a0days (day 5) after intubation. The recruited volume was computed as the difference between the volume expired from PEEP 15 to 5 cmH2O and the volume predicted by compliance at PEEP 5 cmH2O (or above airway opening pressure). The recruitment-to-inflation (R/I) ratio (i.e. the ratio between the recruited lung compliance and CRS at PEEP 5 cmH2O) was used to assess lung recruitability. A R/I ratio value higher than or equal to 0.5 was used to define highly recruitable patients. The R/I ratio was calculated in 25 of the 26 enrolled patients at day 1 and in 15 patients at day 5. At day 1, 16 (64%) were considered as highly recruitable (R/I ratio median [interquartile range] 0.7 [0.55-0.94]) and 9 (36%) were considered as poorly recruitable (R/I ratio 0.41 [0.31-0.48]). The PaO2/FiO2 ratio at PEEP 15 cmH2O was higher compared to PEEP 5 cmH2O only in highly recruitable patients (173 [139-236] vs 135 [89-167] mmHg; p\u2009<\u20090.01). Neither PaO2/FiO2 or CRS measured at PEEP 15 cmH2O or at PEEP 5 cmH2O nor changes in PaO2/FiO2 or CRS in response to PEEP changes allowed to identify highly or poorly recruitable patients. In this series of 25 patients with SARS-Cov-2 associated ARDS, 64% were considered as highly recruitable and only 36% as poorly recruitable based on the R/I ratio performed on the day of intubation. This observation suggests that a systematic R/I ratio assessment may help to guide initial PEEP titration to limit harmful effect of unnecessary high PEEP in the context of Covid-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32484624, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Are There Unique Cutaneous Manifestations in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "J Drugs Dermatol", "authors": ["Wei, Chapman", "Friedman, Adam J"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484624", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273447, "title": "NAS letter suggests 'normal breathing' can expel coronavirus.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Service, Robert F"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273447", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279686, "pmcid": "PMC7167298", "title": "Political Intrusions into the International Health Regulations Treaty and Its Impact on Management of Rapidly Emerging Zoonotic Pandemics: What History Tells Us.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Burkle, Frederick M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279686", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For a large number of health care providers world-wide, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is their first experience in population-based care. In past decades, lower population densities, infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics were rare and driven almost exclusively by natural disasters, predatory animals, and war. In the early 1900s, Sir William Osler first advanced the knowledge of zoonotic diseases that are spread from reservoir animals to human animals. Once rare, they now make up 71% or more of new diseases. Globally, zoonotic spread occurs for many reasons. Because the human population has grown in numbers and density, the spread of these diseases accelerated though rapid unsustainable urbanization, biodiversity loss, and climate change. Furthermore, they are exacerbated by an increasing number of vulnerable populations suffering from chronic deficiencies in food, water, and energy. The World Health Organization (WHO) and its International Health Regulation (IHR) Treaty, organized to manage population-based diseases such as Influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), HIV, and Ebola, have failed to meet population-based expectations. In part, this is due to influence from powerful political donors, which has become most evident in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The global community can no longer tolerate an ineffectual and passive international response system, nor tolerate the self-serving political interference that authoritarian regimes and others have exercised over the WHO. In a highly integrated globalized world, both the WHO with its IHR Treaty have the potential to become one of the most effective mechanisms for crisis response and risk reduction world-wide. Practitioners and health decision-makers must break their silence and advocate for a stronger treaty, a return of the WHO's singular global authority, and support highly coordinated population-based management. As Osler recognized, his concept of \"one medicine, one health\" defines what global public health is today."}, {"pmid": 32405236, "pmcid": "PMC7217786", "title": "Comparative review of respiratory diseases caused by coronaviruses and influenza A viruses during epidemic season.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Jiang, Chao", "Yao, Xingang", "Zhao, Yulin", "Wu, Jianmin", "Huang, Pan", "Pan, Chunhua", "Liu, Shuwen", "Pan, Chungen"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405236", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to sweep the world, causing infection of millions and death of hundreds of thousands. The respiratory disease that it caused, COVID-19 (stands for coronavirus disease in 2019), has similar clinical symptoms with other two CoV diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome (SARS and MERS), of which causative viruses are SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively. These three CoVs resulting diseases also share many clinical symptoms with other respiratory diseases caused by influenza A viruses (IAVs). Since both CoVs and IAVs are general pathogens responsible for seasonal cold, in the next few months, during the changing of seasons, clinicians and public heath may have to distinguish COVID-19 pneumonia from other kinds of viral pneumonia. This is a discussion and comparison of the virus structures, transmission characteristics, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, pathological changes, treatment and prevention of the two kinds of viruses, CoVs and IAVs. It hopes to provide information for practitioners in the medical field during the epidemic season."}, {"pmid": 32291939, "pmcid": "PMC7262178", "title": "Preliminary recommendations for lung surgery during COVID-19 epidemic period.", "journal": "Thorac Cancer", "authors": ["Li, Xin", "Liu, Minghui", "Zhao, Qingchun", "Liu, Renwang", "Zhang, Hongbing", "Dong, Ming", "Xu, Song", "Liu, Jinghao", "Zhao, Honglin", "Wei, Sen", "Song, Zuoqing", "Chen, Gang", "Chen, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291939", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32112072, "pmcid": "PMC7108143", "title": "A Case Series of children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection: clinical and epidemiological features.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cai, Jiehao", "Xu, Jing", "Lin, Daojiong", "Yang, Zhi", "Xu, Lei", "Qu, Zhenghai", "Zhang, Yuehua", "Zhang, Hua", "Jia, Ran", "Liu, Pengcheng", "Wang, Xiangshi", "Ge, Yanling", "Xia, Aimei", "Tian, He", "Chang, Hailing", "Wang, Chuning", "Li, Jingjing", "Wang, Jianshe", "Zeng, Mei"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112072", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We first described the 2019 novel coronavirus infection in 10 children occurring in areas other than Wuhan. The coronavirus diseases in children are usually mild and epidemiological exposure is a key clue to recognize pediatric case. Prolonged virus shedding is observed in respiratory tract and feces at the convalescent stage."}, {"pmid": 32432515, "title": "COVID-19 and Financial Vulnerability: What Health Care Organizations and Society Owe Each Other.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Harter, Thomas D", "Iltis, Ana", "Clay, Maria C", "Aulisio, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432515", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498142, "title": "Airborne SARS-CoV-2: Weighing the Evidence for Its Role in Community Transmission.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Pecho-Silva, Samuel", "Arteaga-Livias, Kovy", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498142", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513529, "title": "Comment to the paper \"Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality\", by Ogen, 2020.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Pisoni, E", "Van Dingenen, R"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513529", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper we critically review the work \"Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality\" (Ogen, 2020), stressing the fact that we think there are flaws in the published methodology. We do this as we think it is important, given the current deluge of 'COVID-19 related' publications, to clearly define what can be stated and what on the contrary, cannot be stated, due to limitations in terms of data quality and/or methodology."}, {"pmid": 32530163, "title": "Postmortem Examination in Two Cases of Death Related to 2019-nCoV Infection and the Experience of On-site Protection.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Quan, G L", "Gao, Y G", "Yang, A S"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530163", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324363, "title": "Hazard of acquired long QT syndrome during coronavirus pandemic. Focus on hydroxychloroquine", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Tomcsanyi, Janos", "Tomcsanyi, Kristof"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324363", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine is an immunomodulatory drug that has been used to treat malaria and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory arthritis. The authors conclude the proarrhytmic effects of hydroxychloroquine and the most important signs of drug-induced long QT syndrome. This article is especially relevant and timely due to the more frequent (currently not evidence-based) use of the drug during the 2019\u20132020 coronavirus pandemic. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 689\u2013691."}, {"pmid": 32305401, "pmcid": "PMC7161517", "title": "Clinical Implications of SARS-Cov2 Interaction with Renin Angiotensin System.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Brojakowska, Agnieszka", "Narula, Jagat", "Shimony, Rony", "Bander, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305401", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV2 host cell infection is mediated by the binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Systemic dysregulation observed in SARS-CoV was previously postulated to be due to ACE2/Ang1-7/Mas axis downregulation, increased ACE2 activity was shown to mediate disease protection. Since angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), ACE inhibitors, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) increase ACE2 receptor expression, it has been tacitly believed that the use of these agents may facilitate viral disease, thus they should not be used in high-risk patients with cardiovascular disease. Based on the anti-inflammatory benefits of the upregulation of the ACE2/Ang1-7/Mas axis and previously demonstrated benefits of lung function improvement in SARS-CoV infections, we hypothesize that the benefits of treatment with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in SARS-COV2 may outweigh the risks and at the very least should not be withheld."}, {"pmid": 32534121, "title": "Self-reported Impact of Respirator Use on Healthcare Worker Ability to Perform Patient Care.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Hines, Stella E", "Oliver, Marc S", "Gucer, Patricia", "McDiarmid, Melissa A"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534121", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a study of 1152 healthcare workers surveyed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, most disagreed that respiratory protective equipment use interferes with patient care but reported that it would affect respirator use compliance if it did. A patient's fear reaction variably influenced self-reported healthcare worker compliance with respirator use. Strategies to improve protective equipment design may remove potential barriers to respirator use and allow better healthcare worker-patient relationships."}, {"pmid": 32423499, "pmcid": "PMC7270483", "title": "How to Reorganize the Radiology Departments to Face the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Outbreak.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Cellina, Michaela", "Orsi, Marcello", "Oliva, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423499", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Radiology departments have been directly involved from the beginning of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emergency to provide imaging lung assessment of suspected and positive patients while ensuring the execution of other routine and emergency examinations for non-COVID-19 patients. To limit the risk of the infection spread, radiology departments should be reconfigured. We propose the example of the reorganization of the Radiology Department of our hospital, in the center of Milan, in Northern Italy, which consisted of the creation of 2 completely distinct pathways and distinct radiological machines for COVID-19 positive or suspected positive and for non-COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32393876, "title": "How fake news about coronavirus became a second pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393876", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395672, "pmcid": "PMC7212958", "title": "Guidelines to Reduce Hospitalization Rates for Patients Receiving Curative-Intent Radiation Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Report from a Multicenter New York Area Institution.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Chen, William C", "Teckie, Sewit", "Somerstein, Gayle", "Adair, Nilda", "Potters, Louis"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395672", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic spreads around the globe, access to radiation therapy remains critical for cancer patients. The priority for all radiation oncology departments is to protect the staff and to maintain operations in providing access to those patients requiring radiation therapy services. Patients with tumors of the aerodigestive tract and pelvis amongst others often experience toxicity during treatment, and there is a baseline risk that adverse effects may require hospital-based management. Routine care during weekly visits is important to guide patients through treatment and to mitigate against the need for hospitalization. Nevertheless, hospitalizations occur and there is a risk of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 spread. During the COVID-19 pandemic, typical resources used to help manage patients, such as dental services, interventional radiology, rehabilitation and others are limited or not at all available. Recognizing the need to provide access to treatment and the anticipated toxicity of such treatment, we have developed and implemented guidelines for clinical care management with the hope of avoiding added risk to our patients. If successful, these concepts may be integrated into our care directives in non-pandemic times."}, {"pmid": 32426998, "title": "Treating Insomnia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observations and Perspectives from a Behavioral Sleep Medicine Clinic.", "journal": "Behav Sleep Med", "authors": ["Simpson, Norah", "Manber, Rachel"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337662, "pmcid": "PMC7183816", "title": "Classification of COVID-19 patients from chest CT images using multi-objective differential evolution-based convolutional neural networks.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Singh, Dilbag", "Kumar, Vijay", "Vaishali", "Kaur, Manjit"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337662", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early classification of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is essential for disease cure and control. Compared with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), chest computed tomography (CT) imaging may be a significantly more trustworthy, useful, and rapid technique to classify and evaluate COVID-19, specifically in the epidemic region. Almost all hospitals have CT imaging machines; therefore, the chest CT images can be utilized for early classification of COVID-19 patients. However, the chest CT-based COVID-19 classification involves a radiology expert and considerable time, which is valuable when COVID-19 infection is growing at rapid rate. Therefore, an automated analysis of chest CT images is desirable to save the medical professionals' precious time. In this paper, a convolutional neural networks (CNN) is used to classify the COVID-19-infected patients as infected (+ve) or not (-ve). Additionally, the initial parameters of CNN are tuned using multi-objective differential evolution (MODE). Extensive experiments are performed by considering the proposed and the competitive machine learning techniques on the chest CT images. Extensive analysis shows that the proposed model can classify the chest CT images at a good accuracy rate."}, {"pmid": 32335416, "pmcid": "PMC7136877", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and dermatologists: Potential biological hazards of laser surgery in epidemic area.", "journal": "Ecotoxicol Environ Saf", "authors": ["Emadi, Seyed-Naser", "Abtahi-Naeini, Bahareh"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335416", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339442, "pmcid": "PMC7267286", "title": "COVID-19 a short-term challenge, telewound a lifetime change.", "journal": "Int Wound J", "authors": ["Queen, Douglas", "Harding, Keith"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393390, "pmcid": "PMC7213771", "title": "Simultaneous ventilation of two simulated ARDS patients in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Epstein, Danny", "Hoffman, Yoav", "Dahoud, George", "Raz, Aeyal", "Miller, Asaf"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393390", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32169833, "title": "Budgeting for covid-19: changing the narrative and narrating the change.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Cowper, Andy"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169833", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32218548, "title": "Seven tips to manage your mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Dickerson, Desiree"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218548", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297519, "pmcid": "PMC7191631", "title": "COVID-19 and vitamin D-Is there a link and an opportunity for intervention?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Jakovac, Hrvoje"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297519", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388976, "pmcid": "PMC7216760", "title": "COVID-19: Living through Another Pandemic.", "journal": "ACS Infect Dis", "authors": ["Osman, Essam Eldin A", "Toogood, Peter L", "Neamati, Nouri"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388976", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel beta-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the pathogenic agent responsible for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a globally pandemic infectious disease. Due to its high virulence and the absence of immunity among the general population, SARS-CoV-2 has quickly spread to all countries. This pandemic highlights the urgent unmet need to expand and focus our research tools on what are considered \"neglected infectious diseases\" and to prepare for future inevitable pandemics. This global emergency has generated unprecedented momentum and scientific efforts around the globe unifying scientists from academia, government and the pharmaceutical industry to accelerate the discovery of vaccines and treatments. Herein, we shed light on the virus structure and life cycle and the potential therapeutic targets in SARS-CoV-2 and briefly refer to both active and passive immunization modalities, drug repurposing focused on speed to market, and novel agents against specific viral targets as therapeutic interventions for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32470416, "pmcid": "PMC7250549", "title": "A call for a global COVID-19 Neuro Research Coalition.", "journal": "Lancet Neurol", "authors": ["Winkler, Andrea Sylvia", "Knauss, Samuel", "Schmutzhard, Erich", "Leonardi, Matilde", "Padovani, Alessandro", "Abd-Allah, Foad", "Charway-Felli, Augustina", "Emmerich, Julius Valentin", "Umapathi, Thirugnanam", "Satishchandra, Parthasarthy", "Hoo, Fan Kee", "Dalmau, Josep", "Oreja-Guevara, Celia", "Ferreira, Lucia Brito", "Pfausler, Bettina", "Michael, Benedict", "Tagliavini, Fabrizio", "Hoglinger, Gunter", "Endres, Matthias", "Klein, Christine", "Hemmer, Bernhard", "Correll, William", "Sejvar, James", "Solomon, Tom"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470416", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425730, "pmcid": "PMC7229920", "title": "A negative fallout of COVID-19 lockdown in Italy: life-threatening delay in the diagnosis of celiac disease.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Catassi, Giulia N", "Vallorani, Martina", "Cerioni, Federica", "Lionetti, Elena", "Catassi, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425730", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181807, "pmcid": "PMC7184349", "title": "Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of 91 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: A retrospective, multi-centre case series.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Qian, Guo-Qing", "Yang, Nai-Bin", "Ding, Feng", "Ma, Ada Hoi Yan", "Wang, Zong-Yi", "Shen, Yue-Fei", "Shi, Chun-Wei", "Lian, Xiang", "Chu, Jin-Guo", "Chen, Lei", "Wang, Zhi-Yu", "Ren, Da-Wei", "Li, Guo-Xiang", "Chen, Xue-Qin", "Shen, Hua-Jiang", "Chen, Xiao-Min"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181807", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent studies have focused initial clinical and Epidemiologic characteristics on the COVID-19, mainly revealing situation in Wuhan, Hubei. To reveal more data on the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients outside of Wuhan, in Zhejiang, China. Retrospective case series. 88 cases of laboratory-confirmed and 3 cases of clinical-confirmed COVID-19 were admitted to five hospitals in Zhejiang province, China. Data were collected from 20 January 2020 to 11 February 2020. Of all 91 patients, 88 (96.70%) were laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with throat swab samples that tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 while 3 (3.30%) were clinical-diagnosed COVID-19 cases. The median age of the patients was 50 (36.5-57) years, and female accounted for 59.34%. In this sample 40 (43.96%) patients had contracted the diseases from local cases, 31 (34.07%) patients had been to Wuhan/Hubei, 8 (8.79%) cases had contacted with people from Wuhan, 11 (12.09%) cases were confirmed aircraft transmission. In particular within the city of Ningbo, 60.52% cases can be traced back to an event held in a temple. The most common symptoms were fever (71.43%), cough (60.44%) and fatigue (43.96%). The median of incubation period was 6 (IQR, 3-8) days and the median time from first visit to a doctor to confirmed diagnosis was 1 (1-2) days. According to the Chest computed tomography scans, 67.03% cases had bilateral pneumonia. Social activity cluster, family cluster and travel by airplane were how COVID-19 patients get transmitted and could be rapidly diagnosed COVID-19 in Zhejiang."}, {"pmid": 32396381, "title": "COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["van Arkel, Andreas L E", "Rijpstra, Tom A", "Belderbos, Huub N A", "van Wijngaarden, Peter", "Verweij, Paul E", "Bentvelsen, Robbert G"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396381", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416995, "pmcid": "PMC7252148", "title": "Sevoflurane, a sigh of relief in COVID-19?", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke, Gertrude J", "Jainandunsing, Jayant S", "Struys, Michel M R F"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416995", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305631, "pmcid": "PMC7162787", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and healthcare-associated infections: Emerging and future challenges for public health in Brazil.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ribas, Rosineide Marques", "Campos, Paola Amaral de", "Brito, Cristiane Silveira de", "Gontijo-Filho, Paulo Pinto"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305631", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269084, "pmcid": "PMC7144256", "title": "No association of COVID-19 transmission with temperature or UV radiation in Chinese cities.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Yao, Ye", "Pan, Jinhua", "Liu, Zhixi", "Meng, Xia", "Wang, Weidong", "Kan, Haidong", "Wang, Weibing"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269084", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490800, "title": "A Transdisciplinary COVID-19 Early Respiratory Intervention Protocol: An Implementation Story.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Westafer, Lauren M", "Elia, Tala", "Medarametla, Venkatrao", "Lagu, Tara"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490800", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506768, "title": "Clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in aging male: A retrospective study of 18 cases.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Topaktas, Ramazan", "Tokuc, Emre", "Kutluhan, Musab Ali", "Akyuz, Mehmet", "Karabay, Emre", "Caliskan, Selahattin"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506768", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which emerged in China in December 2019 affects the world very seriously. We aimed to evaluate the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients who were admitted and treated to our hospital due to COVID-19. Between March 18, 2020 and April 5, 2020, 18 patients admitted with COVID-19 who has BPH and are using medication for this were included in the study and analyzed retrospectively. Diagnosis was confirmed by COVID-19 nucleic acid test by sampling sputum or nasopharyngeal swab. Standard COVID-19 treatment protocol determined by our Ministry of Health was applied to all patients according to their risk groups. Epidemiological, clinical, radiological features, additional diseases, laboratory tests, complications and outcome data of all patients were recorded. Mean age of patients was 59.6 (range: 56-73). As the mode of transmission, 10 (55.5%) of patients were infected in hospital, 5 (27.7%) patients had a relative with COVID-19 and 3 (16,6%) was unknown. During follow-up, 2 (11.1%) patients were transferred to intensive care unit (ICU). One of these patients dramatically progressed and died. Patients who survived and were not transferred to ICU had lesser comorbidities and were relatively young. Mean duration of hospitalization was 14.2 days (range 12-19). We think that COVID-19 patients with BPH had a low mortality rate and did not have a poor prognosis in this patient group. It is crucial to take comprehensive preventive measures to control COVID-19 transmission via hospital route."}, {"pmid": 32506865, "title": "Interpretation of the Traditional Chinese Medicine portion of the diagnosis and treatment protocol for corona virus disease 2019 (Trial Version 7).", "journal": "J Tradit Chin Med", "authors": ["Song, Ping", "Zhao, Linhua", "Li, Xiuyang", "Su, Jiansen", "Jiang, Zhaoyuan", "Song, Bin", "Liu, Wenke", "Tang, Shuang", "Lei, Ye", "Ding, Qiyou", "Yang, Ze", "Lin, Jiaran", "Wei, Yu", "Tong, Xiaolin"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506865", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The TCM protocol in the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Trial Version 7) has been updated from previous versions. The protocol was formulated under the direct leadership of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, based on the experience of a panel of experts, supported by evidence from fever clinics and from the outcomes of emergency (EM) observation rooms and inpatients throughout China (especially in Wuhan, Hubei Province) in combination with the latest scientific research results and data. The present interpretation of the TCM protocol is based on an overall understanding of the revised content, and aims to guide and standardize its clinical application to provide a reference for clinicians."}, {"pmid": 32198164, "pmcid": "PMC7144655", "title": "Novel Coronavirus: What Neuroradiologists as Citizens of the World Need to Know.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Mahajan, A", "Hirsch, J A"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198164", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32118646, "title": "Voice from China: nomenclature of the novel coronavirus and related diseases.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118646", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478951, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on heart failure hospitalization and management: report from a Heart Failure Unit in London during the peak of the pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Bromage, Daniel I", "Cannata, Antonio", "Rind, Irfan A", "Gregorio, Caterina", "Piper, Susan", "Shah, Ajay M", "McDonagh, Theresa A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478951", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine the impact of COVID-19 on acute heart failure (AHF) hospitalization rates, clinical characteristics and management of patients admitted to a tertiary Heart Failure Unit in London during the peak of the pandemic. Data from King's College Hospital, London, reported to the National Heart Failure Audit for England and Wales, between 2nd March - 19th April 2020 were compared both to a pre-COVID cohort and the corresponding time periods in 2017-2019 with respect to absolute hospitalization rates. Furthermore, we performed detailed comparison of patients hospitalized during the COVID-19 pandemic and patients presenting in the same period in 2019 with respect to clinical characteristics and management during the index admission. A significantly lower admission rate for AHF was observed during the study period compared to all other included time periods. Patients admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic had higher rates of NYHA III or IV symptoms (96% vs. 77%, p=0.03) and severe peripheral oedema (39% vs. 14%, p=0.01). We did not observe any differences in inpatient management, including place of care and pharmacological management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) CONCLUSION: Incident AHF hospitalization significantly declined in our centre during the COVID-19 pandemic, but hospitalized patients had more severe symptoms at admission. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the incidence of AHF declined or patients did not present to hospital while the national lockdown and social distancing restrictions were in place. From a public health perspective, it is imperative to ascertain whether this will be associated with worse long-term outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32315076, "pmcid": "PMC7264630", "title": "Participant and Caregiver Perspectives on Clinical Research During Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Padala, Prasad R", "Jendro, Ashlyn M", "Gauss, C Heath", "Orr, L Casey", "Dean, Kim T", "Wilson, Kerrie B", "Parkes, Christopher M", "Padala, Kalpana P"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315076", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has massively disrupted essential clinical research. Many regulatory organizations have rightfully advocated to temporarily halt enrollment and curtail all face-to-face interactions. Views and opinions of patients and their caregivers are seldom considered while making such decisions. The objective was to study older participants' and their caregivers' perspectives to participate in ongoing clinical research during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional. VISN-16/Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs. Older participants and their caregivers (N = 51) enrolled in ongoing clinical research studies. Questions about perceptions of safety to attend research visit, the level of panic among the general public, and medical center's preparedness in handling the pandemic. Other questions identified the source of pandemic information and the preference of a phone or in-person visit. Mean age was 69.3 (\u00b19.4) years, 53% were male, 39% were caregivers, and 65% were Caucasian. Majority (78%) of the participants felt safe/very safe attending the scheduled research appointment; 63% felt that the extra screening made them feel safe/very safe; 82% felt that the medical center was prepared/very prepared for the pandemic. Participants split evenly on their preference for phone versus in-person visits. Family members and television news media were the commonly used sources of pandemic information irrespective of their education. Perceptions were influenced by gender and source of information, not by age or education. Females perceived higher level of panic compared to males (P =\u2009.02). Those relying on news media felt safer compared to those that relied on family members (P =\u2009.008). Even though informants felt that the medical center was prepared to handle the pandemic, only half the participants preferred the in-person visit. Pandemic information was obtained from family members or the television news media. Knowing patients' perspectives may help researchers be better prepared for future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32443177, "title": "Pulmonary and systemic involvement of COVID-19 assessed by ultrasound-guided minimally invasive autopsy.", "journal": "Histopathology", "authors": ["Nunes Duarte-Neto, Amaro", "de Almeida Monteiro, Renata Aparecida", "da Silva, Luiz Fernando Ferraz", "Malheiros, Denise Maria Avancini Costa", "de Oliveira, Ellen Pierre", "Theodoro Filho, Jair", "Pinho, Joao Renato Rebello", "Soares Gomes-Gouvea, Michele", "Salles, Ana Paula Moreira", "de Oliveira, Ilka Regina Souza", "Mauad, Thais", "do Nascimento Saldiva, Paulo Hilario", "Dolhnikoff, Marisa"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443177", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Brazil ranks high in the number of COVID-19 cases and COVID-19's mortality rate. In this context, autopsies are important to confirm the disease, determine associated conditions, and study the pathophysiology of this novel disease. In order to follow biosafety recommendations, we used Ultrasound-Guided Minimally Invasive Autopsy (MIA-US) to assess the systemic involvement of COVID-19 and present the results of ten initial autopsies. We used MIA-US for tissue sampling of lungs, liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, brain, skin, skeletal muscle and testis for histology and RT-PCR to detect SARS-COV-2-RNA. All patients presented exudative/proliferative Diffuse Alveolar Damage. There were intense pleomorphic cytopathic effects on the respiratory epithelium, including airway and alveolar cells. Fibrinous thrombi in alveolar arterioles were present in eight patients and all patients presented a high density of alveolar megakaryocytes. Small thrombi were less frequently observed in glomeruli, spleen, heart, dermis, testis, and liver sinusoids. The main systemic findings were associated with comorbidities, age, and sepsis, in addition to possible tissue damage due to the viral infection such as myositis, dermatitis, myocarditis and orchitis. MIA-US is safe and effective for the study of severe COVID-19. Our findings show that COVID-19 is a systemic disease with major events in the lungs and involvement of various organs and tissues. Pulmonary changes are the result of severe epithelial injury and microthrombotic vascular phenomena. These findings indicate that both epithelial and vascular injury should be addressed in therapeutic approaches."}, {"pmid": 32499864, "pmcid": "PMC7266510", "title": "A Survey of County Health Departments of Kansas Regarding COVID-19.", "journal": "Kans J Med", "authors": ["Raghuveer, Talkad S", "Zackula, Rosey E", "Wittler, Robert R"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499864", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) causing COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) initially was identified in China in December 2019. It has resulted in a pandemic with increasing spread of the virus in the U.S. The county health departments around U.S. are spearheading the response to contain the spread of this virus. This project was a survey of county health departments in the state of Kansas with data collection period from April 15 to April 24, 2020. This study evaluated the staffing, resources, and funding of these health departments and how it was affecting the efforts to contain COVID-19. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the responses. A total of 75% of the county health departments in Kansas responded to the survey. In 89% of locations, the staffing had not increased. Most health departments had an average of five people and the four largest ones had 30 to 98 staff working on COVID-19. Most locations used the Kansas Department of Health and Environment criteria for testing and used a combination of state or private laboratories. The results of the tests were available three days or longer in 62% and after five days in 14% of sites. All locations were active in contact tracing, but most had one to three people for this purpose and in 90% the contact tracing interview was via phone calls. There was no change in funding in 21% and decreased funding in 8.5% of health departments. Most locations had an average of five nasopharyngeal swabs on the day of the survey. The most common needs expressed were help to increase testing capability, more public education, more personal protective equipment, increased personnel, and assistance with contract tracing. There is an urgent need in Kansas to increase support to county health departments for testing capability, personal protective equipment, increased number of staff, increased help with contact tracing, and especially increase support for public education."}, {"pmid": 32428204, "title": "Time to treatment still matters in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a call to maintain treatment effectiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Cosentino, Nicola", "Bartorelli, Antonio L", "Marenzi, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319424, "pmcid": "PMC7253105", "title": "Respiratory Support in COVID-19 Patients, with a Focus on Resource-Limited Settings.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Dondorp, Arjen M", "Hayat, Muhammad", "Aryal, Diptesh", "Beane, Abi", "Schultz, Marcus J"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319424", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is threatening the global human population, including in countries with resource-limited health facilities. Severe bilateral pneumonia is the main feature of severe COVID-19, and adequate ventilatory support is crucial for patient survival. Although our knowledge of the disease is still rapidly increasing, this review summarizes current guidance on the best provision of ventilatory support, with a focus on resource-limited settings. Key messages include that supplemental oxygen is a first essential step for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with hypoxemia and should be a primary focus in resource-limited settings where capacity for invasive ventilation is limited. Oxygen delivery can be increased by using a non-rebreathing mask and prone positioning. The presence of only hypoxemia should in general not trigger intubation because hypoxemia is often remarkably well tolerated. Patients with fatigue and at risk for exhaustion, because of respiratory distress, will require invasive ventilation. In these patients, lung protective ventilation is essential. Severe pneumonia in COVID-19 differs in some important aspects from other causes of severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome, and limiting the positive end-expiratory pressure level on the ventilator may be important. This ventilation strategy might reduce the currently very high case fatality rate of more than 50% in invasively ventilated COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32352615, "pmcid": "PMC7267645", "title": "Povidone-iodine gargle as a prophylactic intervention to interrupt the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Pattanshetty, Sanjay", "Narayana, Aparna", "Radhakrishnan, Raghu"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352615", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32351128, "pmcid": "PMC7202322", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak: impact of the quarantine-induced stress on cardiovascular disease risk burden.", "journal": "Future Cardiol", "authors": ["Mattioli, Anna Vittoria", "Nasi, Milena", "Cocchi, Camilla", "Farinetti, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351128", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386610, "pmcid": "PMC7252095", "title": "Prevention of the cytokine storm in COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wright, David J M"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386610", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255489, "pmcid": "PMC7184449", "title": "Towards Optimization of Hydroxychloroquine Dosing in Intensive Care Unit COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Perinel, Sophie", "Launay, Manon", "Botelho-Nevers, Elisabeth", "Diconne, Eric", "Louf-Durier, Aurore", "Lachand, Raphael", "Murgier, Martin", "Page, Dominique", "Vermesch, Regine", "Thierry, Guillaume", "Delavenne, Xavier"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255489", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) appears to be a promising treatment for COVID-19. However, all ongoing clinical trials with HCQ use different dosing regimens, resulting on various concentrations PK studies are therefore needed to define the optimal dosing regimen."}, {"pmid": 32362681, "pmcid": "PMC7189907", "title": "Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISA National) Advisory and Position Statement regarding COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Anaesth", "authors": ["Malhotra, Naveen", "Joshi, Muralidhar", "Datta, Rashmi", "Bajwa, Sukhminder Jit Singh", "Mehdiratta, Lalit"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362681", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32081700, "pmcid": "PMC7134506", "title": "What are we doing in the dermatology outpatient department amidst the raging of the 2019 novel coronavirus?", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Chen, Yusha", "Pradhan, Sushmita", "Xue, Siliang"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32081700", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505633, "title": "Guiding Cardiac Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: How Ethics Shapes Our Health System Response.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Virani, Alice", "Singh, Gurmeet", "Bewick, David", "Legare, Jean-Francois", "Chow, Chi-Ming", "Leong-Poi, Howard", "Clarke, Brian", "Cowan, Simone", "Fordyce, Christopher", "Gin, Kenneth", "Lau, Benny", "Virani, Sean", "Wood, David", "Krahn, Andrew", "Fournier, Anne", "Gupta, Anil", "Hardiman, Sean", "Jackson, Simon", "Sapp, John", "Lamarche, Yoan", "Mansour, Samer", "Marelli, Ariane", "Roifman, Idan", "Ruel, Marc", "Small, Gary", "Turgeon, Ricky", "Zieroth, Shelley"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505633", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has raised ethical questions for the cardiovascular leader and practitioner. Attention has been redirected from a system that focuses on individual patient benefit towards one that focuses on protecting society as a whole. Challenging resource allocation questions highlight the need for a clearly articulated ethics framework that integrates principled decision making into how different cardiovascular care services are prioritized. A practical application of the principles of minimizing harm, fairness, proportionality, respect, reciprocity, flexibility and procedural justice is provided, and a model for prioritization of the restoration of cardiovascular services is outlined. The prioritization model may be used to determine how and when cardiovascular services should be continued or restored. There should be a focus on an iterative and responsive approach to broader healthcare system needs, such as other disease groups and local outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32108495, "title": "Radiology Perspective of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Lessons From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Hosseiny, Melina", "Kooraki, Soheil", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali", "Reddy, Sravanthi", "Myers, Lee"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108495", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pulmonary illness coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, more than 79,000 people have contracted the virus worldwide. The virus is rapidly spreading with human-to-human transmission despite imposed precautions. Because similar pulmonary syndromes have been reported from other strains of the coronavirus family, our aim is to review the lessons from imaging studies obtained during severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks. CONCLUSION. The review of experiences with the MERS and SARS outbreaks will help us better understand the role of the radiologist in combating the outbreak of COVID-19. The known imaging manifestations of the novel coronavirus and the possible unknowns will also be discussed."}, {"pmid": 32426229, "pmcid": "PMC7229478", "title": "Successful intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in severe COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Lanza, Maurizia", "Polistina, Giorgio Emanuele", "Imitazione, Pasquale", "Annunziata, Anna", "Di Spirito, Valentina", "Novella, Carannante", "Fiorentino, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426229", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe a 42-year old woman, admitted to our Department after 15 days of persistence of respiratory failure and treated with infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin with a successful outcome."}, {"pmid": 32415876, "title": "Optimizing telemedicine to facilitate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical trials.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Govindarajan, Raghav", "Berry, James D", "Paganoni, Sabrina", "Pulley, Michael T", "Simmons, Zachary"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415876", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has the largest drug pipeline among neuromuscular diseases, with over 160 companies actively involved in ALS research. There is a growing need to recruit trial participants, but ALS patients often have limited mobility and most ALS trials are conducted in a small number of major centers. These factors effectively limit patient participation, particularly for those in rural areas. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated the more widespread use of telemedicine technology for clinical care, and has prompted consideration of its increased use for clinical trials. In this opinion piece, we describe the current state of telemedicine for recruitment, consenting, and screening of participants for clinical trials. We also summarize the available data on remote administration of outcome measures. Current challenges include validation of outcome measures for remote assessment, as well as technological, regulatory, and licensure barriers."}, {"pmid": 32352026, "pmcid": "PMC7189872", "title": "Epitope based vaccine prediction for SARS-COV-2 by deploying immuno-informatics approach.", "journal": "Inform Med Unlocked", "authors": ["Joshi, Amit", "Joshi, Bhuwan Chandra", "Mannan, M Amin-Ul", "Kaushik, Vikas"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352026", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new virus termed SARS-COV-2 (causing COVID-19 disease) can exhibit a progressive, fatal impact on individuals. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the spread of the virus to be a global pandemic. Currently, there are over 1 million cases and over 100,000 confirmed deaths due to the virus. Hence, prophylactic and therapeutic strategies are promptly needed. In this study we report an epitope, ITLCFTLKR, which is biochemically fit to HLA allelic proteins. We propose that this could be used as a potential vaccine candidate against SARS-COV-2. A selected putative epitope and HLA-allelic complexes show not only better binding scores, but also RMSD values in the range of 0-1\u202f\u00c5. This epitope was found to have a 99.8% structural favorability as per Ramachandran-plot analysis. Similarly, a suitable range of IC50 values and population coverage was obtained to represent greater validation of T-cell epitope analysis. Stability analysis using MDWeb and half-life analysis using the ProtParam tool has confirmed that this epitope is well-selected. This new methodology of epitope-based vaccine prediction is fundamental and fast in application, ad can be economically beneficial and viable."}, {"pmid": 32188586, "title": "Covid-19: pregnant doctors should speak to occupational health, say experts.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188586", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211844, "pmcid": "PMC7184356", "title": "Analysis of Epidemiological and Clinical features in older patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) out of Wuhan.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lian, Jiangshan", "Jin, Xi", "Hao, Shaorui", "Cai, Huan", "Zhang, Shanyan", "Zheng, Lin", "Jia, Hongyu", "Hu, Jianhua", "Gao, Jianguo", "Zhang, Yimin", "Zhang, Xiaoli", "Yu, Guodong", "Wang, Xiaoyan", "Gu, Jueqing", "Ye, Chanyuan", "Jin, Ciliang", "Lu, Yingfeng", "Yu, Xia", "Yu, Xiaopeng", "Ren, Yue", "Qiu, Yunqing", "Li, Lanjuan", "Sheng, Jifang", "Yang, Yida"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211844", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has become a big threat to China, with high contagious capacity and varied mortality. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of older patients with COVID-19 out of Wuhan. A retrospective study was performed, with collecting data from medical records of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Zhejiang province from Jan 17 to Feb 12, 2020. Epidemiological, clinical and treatment data were analyzed between those older (\u226560y) and younger (<60y) patients. Total 788 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were selected, where 136 were older patients with corresponding age of 68.28y\u00b17.314y. There was a significantly higher frequency of women in the older patients compared with the younger patients (57.35% vs 46.47%, P=0.021). The presence of coexisting medical condition was significantly higher in older patients compared with younger patients (55.15% vs 21.93%, P<0.001), including the rate of hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases and COPD. Significantly higher rates of severe (older vs younger groups: 16.18% vs 5.98%, P<0.001)/critical (8.82% vs 0.77%, P<0.001) type, shortness of breath (12.50% vs 3.07%, P<0.001) and high temperature of >39.0\u2103 (13.97% vs 7.21%, P=0.010) were observed in older patients compared with younger patients. Finally, Higher rates of ICU admission (9.56% vs 1.38%, P<0.001) and methylprednisolone application (28.68% vs 9.36%, P<0.001) were also identified in older patients. The specific epidemiological and clinical features of older COVID-19 patients included significantly higher female gender, body temperature, co-existing of basic diseases and rate of severe and critical type."}, {"pmid": 32251839, "pmcid": "PMC7129781", "title": "Perspectives on Surgery in the Time of COVID-19: Safety First.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Cohen, Sarah L", "Liu, Grace", "Abrao, Mauricio", "Smart, Neil", "Heniford, Todd"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251839", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512702, "title": "COVID-19 Immunopathology and the Central Nervous System: Implication for Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases with Associated Demyelination.", "journal": "Brain Sci", "authors": ["Boziki, Marina Kleopatra", "Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A", "Shumilina, Maria", "Makshakov, Gleb", "Evdoshenko, Evgeniy", "Grigoriadis, Nikolaos"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512702", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the frame of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, recent reports on SARS-CoV-2 potential neuroinvasion placed neurologists on increased alertness in order to assess early neurological manifestations and their potentially prognostic value for the COVID-19 disease. Moreover, the management of chronic neurological diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), underwent guided modifications, such as an Extended Interval Dose (EID) of Disease-Modifying Treatment (DMT) administration, in order to minimize patients' exposure to the health system, thus reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we summarize existing evidence of key immune pathways that the SARS-CoV-2 modifies during COVID-19 and the relevant implication for MS and other autoimmune diseases with associated demyelination (such as Systemic lupus erythematosus and Antiphospholipid syndrome), including the context of potential neuroinvasion by SARS-Cov-2 and the alterations that DMT induces to the immune system. Moreover we hereby aim to provide an overview of the possible consequences that COVID-19 may carry for the Central Nervous System (CNS) in People with MS (PwMS) and other demyelinating diseases, which are likely to pose challenges for treating Neurologists with respect to the long-term disease management of these diseases."}, {"pmid": 32223555, "pmcid": "PMC7191387", "title": "Potential risk of the kidney vulnerable to novel coronavirus 2019 infection.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Renal Physiol", "authors": ["Zhang, Fan", "Liang, Yumei"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223555", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382499, "pmcid": "PMC7202804", "title": "Better prepare for the next one. Lifestyle lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "PharmaNutrition", "authors": ["Galli, Francesco", "Reglero, Guillermo", "Bartolini, Desiree", "Visioli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382499", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402785, "pmcid": "PMC7200135", "title": "Neurologic Involvement in COVID-19: Radiologists' Perspective.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Khalili, Nastaran", "Haseli, Sara", "Bahrami-Motlagh, Hooman", "Keshavarz, Elham", "Khalili, Neda", "Langroudi, Taraneh Faghihi", "Khameneh, Arash", "Taheri, Morteza Sanei"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402785", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32135585, "title": "[Prevention and control program on 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children's digestive endoscopy center].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32135585", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337862, "title": "Using effective hand hygiene practice to prevent and control infection.", "journal": "Nurs Stand", "authors": ["Hillier, Mark Dexter"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337862", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Decontamination using hand hygiene remains one of the most important and effective methods for reducing healthcare-associated infections and cross-infection between patients. In 1860, Florence Nightingale wrote that nurses should wash their hands frequently throughout the day, demonstrating an early awareness of the effectiveness of this simple procedure. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that effectively applied hand hygiene is a vital intervention that can be used to prevent the spread of disease. This article details the correct procedure required for effective hand hygiene and emphasises the need for nurses to keep up to date with evidence-based guidelines. The article also outlines the differences between hand decontamination using alcohol-based hand gels and soap and water, and the complex factors that can interfere with effective hand hygiene compliance."}, {"pmid": 32493740, "title": "Efficacy and safety of antiviral treatment for COVID-19 from evidence in studies of SARSCoV-2 and other acute viral infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Liu, Wei", "Zhou, Pengxiang", "Chen, Ken", "Ye, Zhikang", "Liu, Fang", "Li, Xiaotong", "He, Na", "Wu, Ziyang", "Zhang, Qi", "Gong, Xuepeng", "Tang, Qiyu", "Du, Xin", "Ying, Yingqiu", "Xu, Xiaohan", "Zhang, Yahui", "Liu, Jinyu", "Li, Yun", "Shen, Ning", "Couban, Rachel J", "Ibrahim, Quazi I", "Guyatt, Gordon", "Zhai, Suodi"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493740", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Antiviral medications are being given empirically to some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To support the development of a COVID-19 management guideline, we conducted a systematic review that addressed the benefits and harms of 7 antiviral treatments for COVID-19. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed and 3 Chinese databases (CNKI, WANFANG and SinoMed) through Apr. 19, medRxiv and Chinaxiv through Apr. 27, and Chongqing VIP through Apr. 30, 2020. We included studies of ribavirin, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, umifenovir (arbidol), favipravir, interferon and lopinavir/ritonavir. If direct evidence from COVID-19 studies was not available, we included indirect evidence from studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) for efficacy outcomes and other acute respiratory viral infections for safety outcomes. In patients with nonsevere COVID-19 illness, the death rate was extremely low, precluding an important effect on mortality. We found only very low-quality evidence with little or no suggestion of benefit for most treatments and outcomes in both nonsevere and severe COVID-19. An exception was treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir, for which we found low-quality evidence for a decrease in length of stay in the intensive care unit (risk difference 5 d shorter, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0 to 9 d) and hospital stay (risk difference 1 d shorter, 95% CI 0 to 2 d). For safety outcomes, evidence was of low or very low quality, with the exception of treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir for which moderate-quality evidence suggested likely increases in diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. To date, persuasive evidence of important benefit in COVID-19 does not exist for any antiviral treatments, although for each treatment evidence has not excluded important benefit. Additional randomized controlled trials involving patients with COVID-19 will be needed before such treatments can be administered with confidence."}, {"pmid": 32334276, "pmcid": "PMC7151248", "title": "The other side of COVID-19: Impact on obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and hoarding.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Banerjee, Dr Debanjan"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334276", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369616, "title": "Critically ill pregnant patient with COVID-19 and neonatal death within two hours of birth.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Li, Jianwei", "Wang, Yichun", "Zeng, Yingchun", "Song, Ting", "Pan, Xingfei", "Jia, Mingwang", "He, Fang", "Hou, Liusheng", "Li, Bingfei", "He, Shuming", "Chen, Dunjin"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369616", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208481, "pmcid": "PMC7184393", "title": "Rapid response to COVID-19: health informatics support for outbreak management in an academic health system.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Reeves, J Jeffery", "Hollandsworth, Hannah M", "Torriani, Francesca J", "Taplitz, Randy", "Abeles, Shira", "Tai-Seale, Ming", "Millen, Marlene", "Clay, Brian J", "Longhurst, Christopher A"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208481", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the implementation of technological support important for optimizing clinical management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our health system has confirmed prior and current cases of COVID-19. An Incident Command Center was established early in the crisis and helped identify electronic health record (EHR)-based tools to support clinical care. We outline the design and implementation of EHR-based rapid screening processes, laboratory testing, clinical decision support, reporting tools, and patient-facing technology related to COVID-19. The EHR is a useful tool to enable rapid deployment of standardized processes. UC San Diego Health built multiple COVID-19-specific tools to support outbreak management, including scripted triaging, electronic check-in, standard ordering and documentation, secure messaging, real-time data analytics, and telemedicine capabilities. Challenges included the need to frequently adjust build to meet rapidly evolving requirements, communication, and adoption, and to coordinate the needs of multiple stakeholders while maintaining high-quality, prepandemic medical care. The EHR is an essential tool in supporting the clinical needs of a health system managing the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32419930, "pmcid": "PMC7223278", "title": "The healthcare and pharmaceutical vulnerability emerging from the new Coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Eur J Hosp Pharm", "authors": ["Leonardi Vinci, Daniele", "Polidori, Carlo", "Polidori, Piera"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419930", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286155, "title": "Significance of serology testing to assist timely diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections: implication from a family cluster.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Xu, Yan", "Xiao, Meng", "Liu, Xinchao", "Xu, Shengyong", "Du, Tiekuan", "Xu, Jun", "Yang, Qiwen", "Xu, Yingchun", "Han, Yang", "Li, Taisheng", "Zhu, Huadong", "Wang, Mengzhao"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286155", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confirmative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections has been challenged due to unsatisfactory positive rate of molecular assays. Here we identified a family cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infections, with five of six family members were SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobin serology testing positive, while molecular assays only detected two of this five patients even repeated twice. We comprehensively analyzed this familial cluster of cases based on the clinical characteristics, chest CT images, SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection results, and serology testing results. At last, two patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, two were suspected of COVID-19, and two were considered close contacts. Our results emphasized the significance of serology testing to assist timely diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections, especially for COVID-19 close contacts screening."}, {"pmid": 32458551, "title": "Restructuring an Academic Dermatology Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Sheriff, Tabrez", "Murrell, Oliver Gc", "Murrell, Dedee F"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458551", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-COV-2 is a highly virulent positive-sense single stranded RNA virus that spreads rapidly via respiratory droplets, causing severe acute respiratory syndromes with significant mortality and morbidity. Currently 210 countries and territories are affected around the world with a reported 2.6 million confirmed cases.1 The COVID 19 pandemic has changed the way patients attend their specialist appointments and receive medical care. Whilst some specialist clinics have closed we have implemented strategies and restructured our academic practice in Australia to minimize the spread of disease whilst treating patients who need urgent care. We hope to share these strategies in the hope they may be useful to the dermatology community. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32385510, "pmcid": "PMC7239099", "title": "Letter: Preliminary National Survey Results Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Students Pursuing Careers in Neurosurgery.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Garcia, Roxanna M", "Reynolds, Rebecca A", "Weiss, Hannah K", "Chambless, Lola B", "Lam, Sandi", "Dahdaleh, Nader S", "Rosseau, Gail"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385510", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523681, "pmcid": "PMC7281697", "title": "Misinformation about spinal manipulation and boosting immunity: an analysis of Twitter activity during the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Chiropr Man Therap", "authors": ["Kawchuk, Greg", "Hartvigsen, Jan", "Harsted, Steen", "Nim, Casper Glissmann", "Nyiro, Luana"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523681", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social media has become an increasingly important tool in monitoring the onset and spread of infectious diseases globally as well monitoring the spread of information about those diseases. This includes the spread of misinformation, which has been documented within the context of the emerging COVID-19 crisis. Understanding the creation, spread and uptake of social media misinformation is of critical importance to public safety. In this descriptive study, we detail Twitter activity regarding spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) and claims it increases, or \"boosts\", immunity. Spinal manipulation is a common intervention used by many health professions, most commonly by chiropractors. There is no clinical evidence that SMT improves human immunity. Social media searching software (Talkwalker Quick Search) was used to describe Twitter activity regarding SMT and improving or boosting immunity. Searches were performed for the 3\u2009months and 12\u2009months before March 31, 2020 using terms related to 1) SMT, 2) the professions that most often provide SMT and 3) immunity. From these searches, we determined the magnitude and time course of Twitter activity then coded this activity into content that promoted or refuted a SMT/immunity link. Content themes, high-influence users and user demographics were then stratified as either promoting or refuting this linkage. Twitter misinformation regarding a SMT/immunity link increased dramatically during the onset of the COVID crisis. Activity levels (number of tweets) and engagement scores (likes + retweets) were roughly equal between content promoting or refuting a SMT/immunity link, however, the potential reach (audience) of tweets refuting a SMT/immunity link was 3 times higher than those promoting a link. Users with the greatest influence on Twitter, as either promoters or refuters, were individuals, not institutions or organizations. The majority of tweets promoting a SMT/immunity link were generated in the USA while the majority of refuting tweets originated from Canada. Twitter activity about SMT and immunity increased during the COVID-19 crisis. Results from this work have the potential to help policy makers and others understand the impact of SMT misinformation and devise strategies to mitigate its impact."}, {"pmid": 32312785, "title": "Is ethnicity linked to incidence or outcomes of covid-19?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Khunti, Kamlesh", "Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Pareek, Manish", "Hanif, Wasim"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312785", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402018, "title": "Covid-19 in the State of Ceara: behaviors and beliefs in the arrival of the pandemic.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Lima, Danilo Lopes Ferreira", "Dias, Aldo Angelim", "Rabelo, Renata Saboia", "Cruz, Igor Demes da", "Costa, Samuel Carvalho", "Nigri, Flavia Maria Noronha", "Neri, Jiovanne Rabelo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402018", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to evaluate the behavioral aspects and beliefs of the population of Cear\u00e1 in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was conducted on sociodemographic aspects and opinions related to the pandemic. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated, the association between variables was performed with Chi-square, and the level of significance was 5%. The final sample had 2,259 participants, and an association was observed between females and perceiving themselves with a high risk of infection (p = 0.044) and males with non-performance of voluntary quarantine (p < 0.001). People aged 80 years and over were partially quarantined due to the flow of people at home (p < 0.001). Participants with elementary school education had a lower risk of infection than participants with a higher level of education (p < 0.001). This group includes people who did voluntary quarantine the least (p < 0.001). Participants living in the inland region of the state had less direct contact with someone tested positive for the Coronavirus (p = 0.031) and are less reclusive (p < 0.001). We can conclude that the approach to the COVID-19 pandemic varies by social aspects, such as gender, age, education, and place of residence, as well as the belief system of the population of the State of Cear\u00e1."}, {"pmid": 32478707, "title": "Cuba's Pedro Kouri Tropical Medicine Institute:Battling COVID-19 One Study, One Test, One Patient at a Time.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Coutin, Gisele", "Bacallao-Gallestey, Jorge", "Castellanos-Serra, Lila"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478707", "countries": ["Cuba"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This MEDICC Review roundtable brings you specialists from Havana's Pedro Kour\u00ed Tropical Medicine Institute (IPK), who are working directly with testing, research and patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Founded in 1937 by its namesake, the Institute has gained considerable worldwide prestige. Today, it is a PAHO-WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and Its Vector, and for the Elimination of Tuberculosis. Its main role within Cuba's health system is as the national reference center for prevention, control, management and elimination of infectious diseases, including epidemics. Its 479 workers staff 32 departments, including laboratories, research and teach-ing facilities, a hospital and isolation center. The IPK's hospital treats later-stage AIDS patients, while the Institute is the nation-al reference center for attention to all HIV-positive patients and maintains the national HIV/AIDS registry, as well as registries for other infectious diseases. The institution was responsible for training the Cuban doctors who served in West Africa during the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreaks and for those going abroad to assist in the COVID-19 response today, and its professionals offer an internationally-recognized biennial course on dengue."}, {"pmid": 32469855, "title": "[Model for a threshold of daily rate reduction of COVID-19 cases to avoid hospital collapse in Chile].", "journal": "Medwave", "authors": ["Gutierrez-Aguilar, Rodrigo", "Cordova-Lepe, Fernando", "Munoz-Quezada, Maria Teresa", "Gutierrez-Jara, Juan Pablo"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469855", "countries": ["Chile"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using a mathematical model, we explore the problem of availability versus overdemand of critical hospital processes (e.g., critical beds) in the face of a steady epidemic expansion such as is occurring from the COVID-19 pandemic. In connection with the statistics of new cases per day, and the assumption of maximum quota, the dynamics associated with the variables number of hospitalized persons (critical occupants) and mortality in the system are explored. A parametric threshold condition is obtained, which involves a parameter associated with the minimum daily effort for not collapsing the system. To exemplify, we include some simulations for the case of Chile, based on a parameter of effort to be sustained with the purpose of lowering the daily infection rate."}, {"pmid": 32349198, "title": "Chapter of Gastroenterologists professional guidance for management of patients with liver disease in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Chang, Jason Pik Eu", "Wong, Yu Jun", "Yang, Wei Lyn", "Lim, Kieron Boon Leng", "Tan, Poh Seng", "Ho, Gim Hin", "Yip, Benjamin Cherng Hann", "Li, James Weiquan", "Chong, Chern Hao", "Ong, David Eng Hui", "Chua, Tju Siang", "Vu, Charles Kien Fong", "Gwee, Kok Ann", "Ang, Tiing Leong", "Tan, Chee Kiat"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349198", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we aim to provide professional guidance to clinicians who are managing patients with chronic liver disease during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Singapore. We reviewed and summarised the available relevant published data on liver disease in COVID-19 and the advisory statements that were issued by major professional bodies, such as the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and European Association for the Study of the Liver, contextualising the recommendations to our local situation."}, {"pmid": 32312359, "pmcid": "PMC7191254", "title": "Redistributing working schedules using the infective principle in the response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Curkovic, Marko", "Kosec, Andro", "Brecic, Petrana"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312359", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349936, "pmcid": "PMC7172667", "title": "Balancing the Effects of COVID-19 Against Potential Progression and Mortality in High-risk Prostate Cancer.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Moschovas, Marcio Covas", "Sighinolfi, Maria Chiara", "Rocco, Bernardo", "Bhat, Seetharam", "Onol, Fikret", "Rogers, Travis", "Patel, Vipul"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349936", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407787, "pmcid": "PMC7215152", "title": "Universal SARS-CoV-2 testing of pregnant women admitted for delivery in two Italian regions.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Gagliardi, Luigi", "Danieli, Roberto", "Suriano, Giovanni", "Vaccaro, Angelina", "Tripodi, Gino", "Rusconi, Franca", "Ramenghi, Luca A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407787", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381478, "pmcid": "PMC7167542", "title": "Enabling emergency mass vaccination: Innovations in manufacturing and administration during a pandemic.", "journal": "Vaccine", "authors": ["Hosangadi, Divya", "Warmbrod, Kelsey Lane", "Martin, Elena K", "Adalja, Amesh", "Cicero, Anita", "Inglesby, Thomas", "Watson, Crystal", "Watson, Matthew", "Connell, Nancy"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381478", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265848, "pmcid": "PMC7105881", "title": "Subunit Vaccines Against Emerging Pathogenic Human Coronaviruses.", "journal": "Front Microbiol", "authors": ["Wang, Ning", "Shang, Jian", "Jiang, Shibo", "Du, Lanying"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265848", "countries": ["China", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Seven coronaviruses (CoVs) have been isolated from humans so far. Among them, three emerging pathogenic CoVs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and a newly identified CoV (2019-nCoV), once caused or continue to cause severe infections in humans, posing significant threats to global public health. SARS-CoV infection in humans (with about 10% case fatality rate) was first reported from China in 2002, while MERS-CoV infection in humans (with about 34.4% case fatality rate) was first reported from Saudi Arabia in June 2012. 2019-nCoV was first reported from China in December 2019, and is currently infecting more than 70000 people (with about 2.7% case fatality rate). Both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are zoonotic viruses, using bats as their natural reservoirs, and then transmitting through intermediate hosts, leading to human infections. Nevertheless, the intermediate host for 2019-nCoV is still under investigation and the vaccines against this new CoV have not been available. Although a variety of vaccines have been developed against infections of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, none of them has been approved for use in humans. In this review, we have described the structure and function of key proteins of emerging human CoVs, overviewed the current vaccine types to be developed against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and summarized recent advances in subunit vaccines against these two pathogenic human CoVs. These subunit vaccines are introduced on the basis of full-length spike (S) protein, receptor-binding domain (RBD), non-RBD S protein fragments, and non-S structural proteins, and the potential factors affecting these subunit vaccines are also illustrated. Overall, this review will be helpful for rapid design and development of vaccines against the new 2019-nCoV and any future CoVs with pandemic potential. This review was written for the topic of Antivirals for Emerging Viruses: Vaccines and Therapeutics in the Virology section of Frontiers in Microbiology."}, {"pmid": 32427227, "pmcid": "PMC7233256", "title": "Influence of wind and relative humidity on the social distancing effectiveness to prevent COVID-19 airborne transmission: A numerical study.", "journal": "J Aerosol Sci", "authors": ["Feng, Yu", "Marchal, Thierry", "Sperry, Ted", "Yi, Hang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427227", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been confirmed that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can transmit through droplets created when an infected human coughs or sneezes. Accordingly, 1.83-m (6-feet) social distancing is advised to reduce the spread of the disease among humans. This is based on the assumption that no air circulation exists around people. However, it is not well investigated whether the ambient wind and relative humidity (RH) will cause SARS-CoV-2 laden droplets to transport farther in the air, making the current social distancing policy insufficient. To provide evidence and insight into the \"social distancing\" guidelines, a validated computational fluid-particle dynamics (CFPD) model was employed to simulate the transient transport, condensation/evaporation, and deposition of SARS-CoV-2 laden droplets emitted by coughs, with different environmental wind velocities and RHs. Initial droplet diameters range from 2 to 2000\u202f\u03bcm, and the wind velocities range from 0 to 16\u202fkm/h, representing different wind forces from calm air to moderate breeze. The comparison between a steady-state wind and a gust with a constant frequency has also been performed. Ambient RHs are 40% and 99.5%. The distances between the two virtual humans are 1.83\u202fm and 3.05\u202fm (6 feet and 10 feet). The facial covering effect on reducing the airborne transmission of the cough droplets has also been evaluated. Numerical results indicate that the ambient wind will enhance the complexity of the secondary flows with recirculation between the two virtual humans. Microdroplets follow the airflow streamlines well and deposit on both human bodies and head regions, even with the 3.05-m (10-feet) separation distance. The rest of the microdroplets can transport in the air farther than 3.05\u202fm (10 feet) due to wind convection, causing a potential health risk to nearby people. High RH will increase the droplet sizes due to the hygroscopic growth effect, which increases the deposition fractions on both humans and the ground. With the complex environmental wind and RH conditions, the 6-feet social distancing policy may not be sufficient to protect the inter-person aerosol transmission, since the suspending micro-droplets were influenced by convection effects and can be transported from the human coughs/sneezes to the other human in less than 5\u202fs. Thus, due to the complex real-world environmental ventilation conditions, a social distance longer than 6 feet needs to be considered. Wearing masks should also be recommended for both infected and healthy humans to reduce the airborne cough droplet numbers."}, {"pmid": 32245150, "pmcid": "PMC7157568", "title": "Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection under Experimental and Field Conditions Using an AlphaLISA Platform.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Kimpston-Burkgren, Kay", "Mora-Diaz, Juan Carlos", "Roby, Philippe", "Bjustrom-Kraft, Jordan", "Main, Rodger", "Bosse, Roger", "Gimenez-Lirola, Luis Gabriel"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245150", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus infections are a continuous threat raised time and again. With the recent emergence of novel virulent strains, these viruses can have a large impact on human and animal health. Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is considered to be a reemerging pig disease caused by the enteropathogenic alphacoronavirus PED virus (PEDV). In the absence of effective vaccines, infection prevention and control through diagnostic testing and quarantine are critical. Early detection and differential diagnosis of PEDV infections increase the chance of successful control of the disease. Therefore, there is a continuous need for development of reduced assay-step protocols, no-wash, high-throughput immunoassays. This study described the characterization of the humoral immune response against PEDV under experimental and field conditions using a rapid, sensitive, luminescent proximity homogenous assay (AlphaLISA). PEDV IgG and IgA antibodies were developed toward the beginning of the second week of infection. PEDV IgG antibodies were detected for at least 16 weeks post-exposure. Remarkably, the serum IgA levels remained high and relatively stable throughout the study, lasting longer than the serum IgG response. Overall, AlphaLISA allows the detection and characterization of pathogen-specific antibodies with new speed, sensitivity, and simplicity of use. Particularly, the bridge assay constitutes a rapid diagnostic that substantially improves upon the \"time to result\" metric of currently available immunoassays."}, {"pmid": 32425485, "pmcid": "PMC7229944", "title": "[ELDERLY PEOPLE, DEPENDENCY AND VULNERABILITY IN THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC: AN EMERGENCY FOR A SOCIAL AND HEALTH INTEGRATION.]", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Galvez, Ana M feminine Porcel", "Romero, Barbara Badanta", "Trigo, Sergio Barrientos", "Serrano, Marta Lima"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425485", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (COVID-19) is affecting elderly people worldwide with greater incidence and severity. In Spain, 68% of all coronavirus hospitalizations correspond to those over 60 years of age. This work aims to highlight the evidence about the measures to be implemented through current and future guidelines. The need to prepare for action by implementing international protocols stand out. There is a trend towards biopsychosocial care of elderly people in all settings where they are, adapting care and personalizing decisions on hospital admissions, palliative care, among other criteria, to years adjusted to quality of life, as well as alternatives for monitoring and treatment of COVID-19 pathology and others existing in this population group. Measures to reduce the transmission of the virus through hygiene and social distancing are necessary, attending to biopsychosocial health of the elderly isolated. Intersectoral communication is proposed as innovative alternatives, and the use of technological tools, accompanied by adequate digital health literacy. Future lines focus on guaranteeing social and health rights, equating the social and health system at the same level, and achieving real coordination. A new framework of person-centered care could be a great ally to achieve integrated care for the elderly, guided by an increase in resources bound to funding longevity research projects."}, {"pmid": 32341781, "pmcid": "PMC7168774", "title": "Keeping alive enterprises while embracing unprecedented COVID-19 restrictions.", "journal": "Ther Adv Infect Dis", "authors": ["Soriano, Vicente", "Corral, Octavio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341781", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510042, "pmcid": "PMC7262082", "title": "COVID-19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University.", "journal": "Hum Behav Emerg Technol", "authors": ["Bao, Wei"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510042", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Starting from the spring of 2020, the outbreak of the COVID-19 caused Chinese universities to close the campuses and forced them to initiate online teaching. This paper focuses on a case of Peking University's online education. Six specific instructional strategies are presented to summarize current online teaching experiences for university instructors who might conduct online education in similar circumstances. The study concludes with five high-impact principles for online education: (a) high relevance between online instructional design and student learning, (b) effective delivery on online instructional information, (c) adequate support provided by faculty and teaching assistants to students; (d) high-quality participation to improve the breadth and depth of student's learning, and (e) contingency plan to deal with unexpected incidents of online education platforms."}, {"pmid": 32405095, "pmcid": "PMC7218345", "title": "Assessing changes in US public trust in science amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Agley, Jon"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405095", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and subsequent pandemic has led to the most substantive large-scale, open, and public social discussion of epidemiology and science in recent history. In the United States (US), extensive debate has ensued as to the risk posed by the disease, whether the health system is prepared to manage a high volume of critical cases, whether any number of public health responses are necessary and appropriate, and the appropriate ways to prevent, manage, and treat the pandemic. I hypothesized that the interplay between scientists, policymakers, and the public in an open forum was associated with increased overall public trust in science and scientists, but that this was moderated by political orientation and/or religious commitment. In the context of a public health emergency, it is important to understand the degree to which science and scientists are trusted to produce information that can provide reassurance and also can explain the details of a highly complex event such as a viral pandemic while providing actionable recommendations. The study design was analytic cross-sectional. Data were obtained on March 17-18, 2020, from a sample of 242 US-based Amazon Mechanical Turk users. Respondents completed a 49-question survey consisting of key sociodemographic variables, political affiliation, religious commitment, and two iterations of the Trust in Science and Scientist Inventory (one for March 2020, and one for December 2019 using retrospective recall). Changes in mean level of trust and interaction with political affiliation and/or religious commitment were assessed using mixed ANOVA via the general linear model. On a scale from 1 (low trust) to 5 (high trust), the mean level of trust in science and scientists was static; 3.82 in December 2019 and 3.81 in March 2020. Conservative political orientation and high religious commitment were associated with significantly less overall trust in science; the interaction effect suggested that liberal trust in science decreased slightly from December 2019 to March 2020, whereas conservative trust increased slightly. Counter to my expectations, the overall level of trust in science remained static after the first several months of COVID-19 in the US, although there is some evidence that political orientation was associated with magnitude and directionality of change in trust. Continued examination of these trends is important for understanding public response to epidemiologic recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32389608, "pmcid": "PMC7204744", "title": "Heart Failure in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Where has all New York's congestion gone?", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Barghash, Maya H", "Pinney, Sean P"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389608", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367890, "pmcid": "PMC7196703", "title": "COVID-19 and Transnational Issues in Copyright and Related Rights.", "journal": "IIC Int Rev Ind Prop Copyr Law", "authors": ["Trimble, Marketa"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367890", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376669, "title": "Reducing risks from coronavirus transmission in the home-the role of viral load.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Little, Paul", "Read, Robert C", "Amlot, Richard", "Chadborn, Tim", "Rice, Cathy", "Bostock, Jennifer", "Yardley, Lucy"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376669", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32004066, "title": "Novel Wuhan (2019-nCoV) Coronavirus.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Carlos, W Graham", "Dela Cruz, Charles S", "Cao, Bin", "Pasnick, Susan", "Jamil, Shazia"], "date": "2020-02-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32004066", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458125, "pmcid": "PMC7249986", "title": "A retrospective study of the initial 25 COVID-19 patients in Luoyang, China.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Duan, Xiaopei", "Guo, Xinyu", "Qiang, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458125", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To summarize the chest CT imaging and clinical features of the initial COVID-19 patients and provide a clinical diagnostic method that is more effective and can be performed earlier. This retrospective study investigated the clinical, laboratory and imaging information of 25 patients in the Luoyang area. There were 15 (60%) male and 10 (40%) female patients ranging from 24 to 88\u00a0years old (52\u2009\u00b1\u200919.30). Data were analyzed by Microsoft Excel and are expressed as the mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation or percentage. Thirteen (52%) patients had been in Wuhan or were in contact with people who had been in Wuhan, and ten (40%) patients were infected by their families or colleagues. The median time from initial symptoms to diagnosis was 7\u00a0days. Ninety-two percent of patients had respiratory symptoms, and 8% of them had digestive symptoms. Fever (92%), cough (60%) and fatigue (56%) were the most common symptoms. Most patients had a normal or reduced WBC (96%), reduced lymphocyte count (60%), increased CRP (48%) and increased ESR (44%). Ground glass opacity (GGO) was the typical radiological finding on chest CT. Characteristic chest CT imaging features could appear earlier than the viral nucleic acid assay results."}, {"pmid": 32456959, "pmcid": "PMC7205711", "title": "The Ocular Manifestations and Transmission of COVID-19: Recommendations for Prevention.", "journal": "J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Dockery, Dominique M", "Rowe, Susannah G", "Murphy, Marjorie A", "Krzystolik, Magdalena G"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456959", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been linked to ocular signs and symptoms in several case reports. Research has demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 is spread primarily through close contact via respiratory droplets, but there is the possibility for ocular transmission, with the conjunctiva as a conduit as well as a source of infection. Ocular manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 include follicular conjunctivitis, and have been repeatedly noted as an initial or subsequent symptom of COVID-19-positive patients. Particularly in patients with ocular manifestations, there is evidence that the virus may present in tears, based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swab samples via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The virus may therefore be transmittable from the ocular surface to a new host via contact with the ocular mucosa, tears, or subsequent fomites. All health care professionals should ask patients about ocular symptoms consistent with SARS-CoV-2, and use eye protection such as goggles or face shields as part of the standard personal protective equipment for high-risk patients in addition to wearing of masks by both the patient and provider, and should consider tears to be potentially infectious."}, {"pmid": 32500409, "pmcid": "PMC7270517", "title": "Implications of COVID-19 in pediatric rheumatology.", "journal": "Rheumatol Int", "authors": ["Batu, Ezgi Deniz", "Ozen, Seza"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500409", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global public health issue threatening millions of lives worldwide. Although the infection is mild in most of the affected individuals, it may cause severe clinical manifestations such as acute respiratory distress syndrome or cytokine storm leading to death. Children are affected less, and most experience a milder disease. As rheumatologists, we deal with the uncontrolled response of the immune system, and most of the drugs we use are either immune modulators or immunosuppressants. Thus, the rheumatologists participate in the multidisciplinary management of COVID-19 patients. On the other hand, our patients with rheumatic diseases constitute a vulnerable group in this pandemic. In this review, a systematic literature search was conducted utilizing MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases, and 231 COVID-19 patients with rheumatic diseases have been identified. Only one of these patients was a child. Among these, 9 (3.9%) died due to COVID-19. In light of the current data, the aspects of COVID-19 resembling rheumatic diseases, the possible reasons for why children are affected less severely, the hypothetic role of available vaccines in preventing COVID-19, the unique position of patients with rheumatic diseases in this pandemic, and the use of anti-rheumatic drugs in COVID-19 treatment are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32503800, "title": "Prone positioning in conscious patients on medical wards: A review of the evidence and its relevance to patients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Chad, Thomas", "Sampson, Caroline"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503800", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical teams continue to treat many patients with COVID-19 infection. This disease can result in profound hypoxaemia that may necessitate intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation in those who are critically ill. This intervention carries risk to both patients and healthcare workers and utilises significant hospital resource for prolonged periods. Simple, safe interventions that can be used before critical deterioration are highly desirable. The prone position in conscious non-ventilated patients with COVID-19 infection may improve oxygenation in the short term and defer or prevent the need for intubation in some. However, clinicians must be aware that there is a small evidence base for this intervention currently. This review sets out evidence regarding the use of this technique to aid the decision making of frontline staff."}, {"pmid": 32368726, "pmcid": "PMC7196421", "title": "COVID-19 and Healthcare worker's families: behind the scenes of frontline response.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Souadka, Amine", "Essangri, Hajar", "Benkabbou, Amine", "Amrani, Laila", "Majbar, Mohammed Anass"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368726", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240876, "pmcid": "PMC7203506", "title": "Hyperglycemia and the novel Covid-19 infection: Possible pathophysiologic mechanisms.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Ilias, Ioannis", "Zabuliene, Lina"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240876", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381697, "title": "The race is on for antibodies that stop the new coronavirus.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381697", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335508, "pmcid": "PMC7169888", "title": "One Aspect of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Outbreak in Iran: High Anxiety among MS Patients.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335508", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387623, "pmcid": "PMC7202841", "title": "Association of Treatment Dose Anticoagulation with In-Hospital Survival Among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Paranjpe, Ishan", "Fuster, Valentin", "Lala, Anuradha", "Russak, Adam", "Glicksberg, Benjamin S", "Levin, Matthew A", "Charney, Alexander W", "Narula, Jagat", "Fayad, Zahi A", "Bagiella, Emilia", "Zhao, Shan", "Nadkarni, Girish N"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387623", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457028, "title": "Face masks in the covid-19 crisis: caveats, limits, and priorities.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Middleton, John D", "Lopes, Henrique"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457028", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438330, "pmcid": "PMC7214325", "title": "Convalescent plasma: A possible treatment protocol for COVID- 19 patients suffering from diabetes or underlying liver diseases.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Pawar, Ashish Yashwantrao", "Hiray, Apoorva Prashant", "Sonawane, Deepak Devidas", "Bhambar, Rajendra Sudhakar", "Derle, Deelip Vishram", "Ahire, Yogesh Suresh"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438330", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As on date, no specific treatment is available for devastating COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This pandemic viral infection has affected over 200 countries within a very short time and created a calamitous situation across the globe. As per WHO guidelines, the treatment is mainly symptomatic and supportive. This clinical protocol has not proven sufficient to save the lives of COVID-19 patients suffering from diabetes or having underlying liver diseases; hence there is utmost need to tackle this situation by other means such as Convalescent Plasma (CP) therapy. A comprehensive literature survey was carriedout using Elsevier, PubMed, Taylor & Francis, Springer, Nature and Google search engines. The patients suffering from diabetes or liver dysfunction or any other underlying diseases are at greatest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. From the study, it is proved that plasma collected from the recovered patients of viral infection has considerable potential to treat the viral disease without the occurrence of adverse effects. The CP therapy can be a possible life saving alternative to treat critical COVID-19 patients having diabetes or underlying liver dysfunction. Hence, randomised clinical trials are recommended at the earliest to save the lives of infected individuals of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32346074, "pmcid": "PMC7186763", "title": "Pathological evidence for residual SARS-CoV-2 in pulmonary tissues of a ready-for-discharge patient.", "journal": "Cell Res", "authors": ["Yao, Xiao-Hong", "He, Zhi-Cheng", "Li, Ting-Yuan", "Zhang, Hua-Rong", "Wang, Yan", "Mou, Huaming", "Guo, Qiaonan", "Yu, Shi-Cang", "Ding, Yanqing", "Liu, Xindong", "Ping, Yi-Fang", "Bian, Xiu-Wu"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346074", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454342, "pmcid": "PMC7237899", "title": "The role of Instagram in public health education in COVID-19 in Iran.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Dabbagh, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454342", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513230, "title": "A simple custom appliance against droplet and aerosol transmission of COVID-19 during advanced airway management.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Chi, Meng", "Lou, Changming", "Zhao, Xiuli", "Sui, Xin", "Han, Fei"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513230", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437080, "title": "Response to \"Comments on \"Homologous recombination within the spike glycoprotein of the newly identified coronavirus may boost cross-species transmission from snake to human\" and \"Codon bias analysis alone is uninformative for identifying host(s) of new virus\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ji, Wei", "Li, Xingguang"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437080", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have recently reported for the first time that SARS-CoV-2 maybe a bat-originated coronavirus with a recombination occurred within the spike (S) protein gene based on phylogenetic and simplot analyses1 . These two conclusions are supported by findings recently reported by others and are well accepted in the field of SARS-CoV-2 research2-4 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32035428, "title": "[Suggestions for disinfection of ophthalmic examination equipment and protection of ophthalmologist against 2019 novel coronavirus infection].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, M C", "Xie, H T", "Xu, K K", "Cao, Y"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035428", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, the prevention and treatment of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China has reached a critical stage. It is extremely important to disinfect ophthalmic examination instruments and protect ophthalmic medical care during the epidemic period to reduce cross-infection in clinical practice and reduce the infection risk of ophthalmic medical staff. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 0001)."}, {"pmid": 32313807, "pmcid": "PMC7165113", "title": "Guillain-Barre Syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Virani, Ahmed", "Rabold, Erica", "Hanson, Taylor", "Haag, Aaron", "Elrufay, Rawiya", "Cheema, Tariq", "Balaan, Marvin", "Bhanot, Nitin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313807", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a case of Guillain- Barr\u00e9 Syndrome (GBS) in a patient with confirmed COVID-19 infection. GBS in commonly encountered after an antecedent trigger, most commonly an infection. To date, only one case of GBS associated with this infection has been described. Clinicians should consider this entity since it may warrant appropriate isolation precautions especially in a patient who may not present primarily with typical constitutional and respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32283230, "pmcid": "PMC7151529", "title": "Adalimumab for treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa during the COVID-19 pandemic: Safety considerations.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Blaszczak, Alecia", "Trinidad, John C L", "Cartron, Alexander M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283230", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523870, "pmcid": "PMC7261438", "title": "Successful recovery from critical COVID-19 pneumonia with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Ikuyama, Yuichi", "Wada, Yosuke", "Tateishi, Kazunari", "Kitaguchi, Yoshiaki", "Yasuo, Masanori", "Ushiki, Atsuhito", "Urushihata, Kazuhisa", "Yamamoto, Hiroshi", "Kamijo, Hiroshi", "Mita, Atsuyoshi", "Imamura, Hiroshi", "Hanaoka, Masayuki"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523870", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A public health emergency of current international concern is the outbreak of a severe respiratory illness, that is, coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The disease initially started in Wuhan, China, and it rapidly spread to most regions of the world. Herein, we report a case of critical COVID-19 pneumonia treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from symptom onset day 19 (SOD#19) to SOD#30. We describe the patient's clinical course, from mild symptoms at the time of illness onset to symptoms of severe pneumonia as the illness progressed. We provide important information regarding our clinical experience for further understanding of management discrepancies, as treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or pharmacotherapy (e.g., antivirals, immunomodulators, and glucocorticoids) is often dependent on the severity of symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32363335, "pmcid": "PMC7195418", "title": "MFM guidance for COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Boelig, Rupsa C", "Saccone, Gabriele", "Bellussi, Federica", "Berghella, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363335", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401085, "title": "Coordinated responses of academic medical centres to pandemics: Sustaining medical education during COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Teach", "authors": ["Ashokka, Balakrishnan", "Ong, Say Yang", "Tay, Kwang Hui", "Loh, Ne Hooi Will", "Gee, Chen Fun", "Samarasekera, Dujeepa D"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401085", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: The Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). We state the consolidated and systematic approach for academic medical centres in response to the evolving pandemic outbreaks for sustaining medical education.Discussion: Academic medical centres need to establish a 'COVID-19 response team' in order to make time-sensitive decisions while managing pandemic threats. Major themes of medical education management include leveraging on remote or decentralised modes of medical education delivery, maintaining the integrity of formative and summative assessments while restructuring patient-contact components, and developing action plans for maintenance of essential activities based on pandemic risk alert levels. These core principles must be applied seamlessly across the various fraternities of academic centres: undergraduate education, residency training, continuous professional development and research. Key decisions from the pandemic response teams that help to minimise major disruptions in medical education and to control disease transmissions include: minimising inter-cluster cross contaminations and plans for segregation within and among cohorts; reshuffling academic calendars; postponing or restructuring assessments.Conclusions: While minimising the transmission of the pandemic outbreak within the healthcare establishments is paramount, medical education and research activities cannot come to a standstill each time there is a threat of one."}, {"pmid": 32268045, "title": "Caring for the Psychological Well-Being of Healthcare Professionals in the Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis.", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["Gavin, B", "Hayden, J", "Adamis, D", "McNicholas, F"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268045", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512263, "title": "COVID-19 in rheumatic disease patients on immunosuppressive agents.", "journal": "Semin Arthritis Rheum", "authors": ["Sharmeen, Saika", "Elghawy, Ahmed", "Zarlasht, Fnu", "Yao, Qing Ping"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512263", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze clinical characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 patients with underlying rheumatic diseases (RD) on immunosuppressive agents. A case series of COVID-19 patients with RD on disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were studied by a retrospective chart review. A literature search identified 9 similar studies of single cases and case series, which were also included. There were 4 COVID-19 inpatients with RD from our hospital, and the mean age was 57 \u00b1 21 years. Two patients had a mild infection, and 2 developed severe COVID-19 related respiratory complications, including 1 patient on secukinumab requiring mechanical ventilation and 1 patient on rituximab developing viral pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygenation. All 4 patients had elevated acute phase reactants, 2 patients had mild COVID-19 with lymphopenia, and 2 patients had severe COVID-19 with normal lymphocyte counts, and high levels of IL-6. None of the patients exhibited an exacerbation of their underlying RD. In the literature, there were 9 studies of COVID-19 involving 197 cases of various inflammatory RD. Most patients were on DMARDs or biologics, of which TNF\u03b1 inhibitors were most frequently used. Two tocilizumab users had a mild infection. Two patients were on rituximab with 1 severe COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation. Six patients were on secukinumab with 1 hospitalization. Of the total 201 cases, 12 died, with an estimated mortality of 5.9% CONCLUSION: Patients with RD are susceptible to COVID-19. Various DMARDs or biologics may affect the viral disease course differently. Patients on hydroxychloroquine, TNF\u03b1 antagonists or tocilizumab may have a mild viral illness. Rituximab or secukinumab could worsen the viral disease. Further study is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32298186, "title": "Social Media Impact on a Plastic Surgery Clinic During Shutdown due to COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Wang, Lu", "Gong, Ruicheng", "Yu, Sa", "Qian, Huan"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298186", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463846, "title": "Virtual dermatology: a COVID-19 update.", "journal": "Cutis", "authors": ["Bressler, Moshe Y", "Siegel, Daniel M", "Markowitz, Orit"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463846", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420863, "title": "COVID-19 and animals: What do we know?", "journal": "Turk J Urol", "authors": ["Gonultas, Serkan", "Karabagli, Murat", "Bastug, Yavuz", "Cilesiz, Nusret Can", "Kadioglu, Ates"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420863", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses, which were generally considered harmless to humans before 2003, have appeared again with a pandemic threatening the world since December 2019 after the epidemics of SARS and MERS. It is known that transmission from person to person is the most important way to spread. However, due to the widespread host diversity, a detailed examination of the role of animals in this pandemic is essential to effectively fight against the outbreak. Although coronavirus infections in pets are known to be predominantly related to the gastrointestinal tract, it has been observed that there are human-to-animal transmissions in this outbreak and some animals have similar symptoms to humans. Although animal-to-animal transmission has been shown to be possible, there is no evidence of animal-to-human transmission."}, {"pmid": 32023678, "title": "[Facing the pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus infections: the pediatric perspectives].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Fang, F", "Luo, X P"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023678", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501318, "pmcid": "PMC7247995", "title": "Dysfunctional personality features, non-scientifically supported causal beliefs, and emotional problems during the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.", "journal": "Pers Individ Dif", "authors": ["Somma, Antonella", "Gialdi, Giulia", "Krueger, Robert F", "Markon, Kristian E", "Frau, Claudia", "Lovallo, Silvia", "Fossati, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501318", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present study aimed at assessing the impact of demographic characteristics, maladaptive personality traits and causal beliefs about COVID-19 on perceived emotional problems in a sample of Italian community-dwelling adults (N\u00a0=\u00a01043) in the first month of the social distancing period due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis results showed that dysfunctional personality domains and non-scientifically supported causal beliefs explained all the variance that was originally explained by demographic variables (i.e., age and gender). In particular, negative affectivity and detachment represented relevant risk factors for reduced emotional well-being in our sample. A significant positive association was observed also between emotional problems and supernatural causal beliefs on the COVID-19 infection. Our data supported the importance of considering the impact of quarantine measures on psychological well-being, while suggesting possible risk factors related to individual differences in personality and causal beliefs."}, {"pmid": 32362293, "pmcid": "PMC7225211", "title": "Action and problems related to the COVID-19 outbreak in India.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Sharma, Pooja", "Veer, Karan"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362293", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32189015, "title": "[Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): update for anesthesiologists and intensivists March 2020].", "journal": "Anaesthesist", "authors": ["Thomas-Ruddel, D", "Winning, J", "Dickmann, P", "Ouart, D", "Kortgen, A", "Janssens, U", "Bauer, M"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189015", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has reached Germany. The majority of people infected present with mild disease, but there are severe cases that need intensive care. Unlike other acute infectious diseases progressing to sepsis, the severe courses of COVID19 seemingly show prolonged progression from onset of first symptoms to life-threatening deterioration of (primarily) lung function. Diagnosis relies on PCR using specimens from the respiratory tract. Severe ARDS reflects the hallmark of a critical course of the disease. Preventing nosocomial infections (primarily by correct use of personal protective equipment) and maintenance of hospitals' operational capability are of utmost importance. Departments of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and emergency medicine will envisage major challenges."}, {"pmid": 32197116, "pmcid": "PMC7103922", "title": "Prisons and custodial settings are part of a comprehensive response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Kinner, Stuart A", "Young, Jesse T", "Snow, Kathryn", "Southalan, Louise", "Lopez-Acuna, Daniel", "Ferreira-Borges, Carina", "O'Moore, Eamonn"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197116", "topics": ["Transmission", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311297, "pmcid": "PMC7258628", "title": "COVID-19: First Do No Harm.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Waterer, Grant W", "Rello, Jordi", "Wunderink, Richard G"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311297", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283124, "pmcid": "PMC7151384", "title": "Reduction in ST-Segment Elevation Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Activations in the United States During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Garcia, Santiago", "Albaghdadi, Mazen S", "Meraj, Perwaiz M", "Schmidt, Christian", "Garberich, Ross", "Jaffer, Farouc A", "Dixon, Simon", "Rade, Jeffrey J", "Tannenbaum, Mark", "Chambers, Jenny", "Huang, Paul P", "Henry, Timothy D"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283124", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267109, "title": "[Coronavirus and COVID-19 : focus on a galopping pandemic].", "journal": "Rev Med Liege", "authors": ["Davenne, E", "Giot, J B", "Huynen, P"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267109", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The international community is currently facing a pandemic of acute respiratory syndrome caused by a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. This syndrome has been named COVID-19 for CoronaVIrus Disease 2019 by the World Health Organization. The starting point of the epidemic is the city of Wuhan (China), where the virus is said to have been transmitted from animals to humans before inter-human transmission. This is the third epidemic caused by a coronavirus after those of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) started in 2012. COVID-19 has rapidly spread to China and is currently spreading all over the world. The infection mainly affects patients over 40 years of age and mortality is increased in the presence of comorbidities. Children are pauci- or asymptomatic. The diagnosis is most often based on the detection of the viral genome in the nasopharynx by molecular biology methods. In the absence of specific anti-viral molecules, treatment is currently mainly symptomatic. It is clear that the COVID-19 pandemic is more difficult to control than what the first data suggested. The key strategy to SARS-CoV-2 is to limit its transmission. Preventive measures are mainly based on the application of adequate hand hygiene measures and disinfection of the environment, as well as measures of social distance aimed at limiting contacts in the population and protecting populations at risk."}, {"pmid": 32377007, "title": "Species distribution models are inappropriate for COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Ecol Evol", "authors": ["Carlson, Colin J", "Chipperfield, Joseph D", "Benito, Blas M", "Telford, Richard J", "O'Hara, Robert B"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377007", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300245, "title": "CRISPR-Cas12-based detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Broughton, James P", "Deng, Xianding", "Yu, Guixia", "Fasching, Clare L", "Servellita, Venice", "Singh, Jasmeet", "Miao, Xin", "Streithorst, Jessica A", "Granados, Andrea", "Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Alicia", "Zorn, Kelsey", "Gopez, Allan", "Hsu, Elaine", "Gu, Wei", "Miller, Steve", "Pan, Chao-Yang", "Guevara, Hugo", "Wadford, Debra A", "Chen, Janice S", "Chiu, Charles Y"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300245", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 began in Wuhan, China in December 2019. COVID-19, the disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, rapidly spread to produce a global pandemic. We report development of a rapid (<40\u2009min), easy-to-implement and accurate CRISPR-Cas12-based lateral flow assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 from respiratory swab RNA extracts. We validated our method using contrived reference samples and clinical samples from patients in the United States, including 36 patients with COVID-19 infection and 42 patients with other viral respiratory infections. Our CRISPR-based DETECTR assay provides a visual and faster alternative to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR assay, with 95% positive predictive agreement and 100% negative predictive agreement."}, {"pmid": 32468505, "title": "Association between low vitamin D and COVID-19: don't forget the vitamin D binding protein.", "journal": "Aging Clin Exp Res", "authors": ["Speeckaert, Marijn M", "Delanghe, Joris R"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468505", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281926, "title": "COVID-19 and haemostasis: a position paper from Italian Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SISET).", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Marietta, Marco", "Ageno, Walter", "Artoni, Andrea", "De Candia, Erica", "Gresele, Paolo", "Marchetti, Marina", "Marcucci, Rossella", "Tripodi, Armando"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281926", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496256, "title": "Knowledge, attitude, and practices related to COVID-19 pandemic among social media users in J&K, India.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Dkhar, Sabira Aalia", "Quansar, Ruqia", "Saleem, Sheikh Mohd", "Khan, S Muhammad Salim"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496256", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A series of measures have been suggested to reduce Covid-19 infection, including knowledge training for prevention and control, isolation, disinfection, classified protections at different degrees in infection areas, and protection of confirmed cases. We conducted this study with an aim to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice among the general population regarding COVID-19. This was a cross-sectional study carried out by the Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar in the month of April 2020. The questionnaire had four segments to collect data regarding social-demographic details, knowledge regarding Covid-19, attitude and practice based questions. The questionnaire was shared via social media applications like face book and Whatsapp to reach the target population. Continuous variables were summarized as frequency and percentage. All the analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2016. Among participants who responded, 1252 (82%) were in the age group of 18-40 years and 912 (60%) from urban areas. A total of 934 (61%) respondents had heard details on COVID-19 from the social media, 1358 (89%) knew all ways of coronavirus transmission, 602 (40%) felt that COVID-19 is a serious disease, 1184 (78%) responded that they totally agree with the lockdown decision, and 1296 (85%) responded that lockdown is helping in reducing the number of cases. The majority, i.e. 1318 (87%), followed advisories and reported washing hands with soap and water regularly, 1108 (73%) reported regularly wearing masks, 1344 (89%) reported following lockdown guidelines, and 1306 (87%) reported maintaining social distancing. The respondents exhibited good knowledge, positive attitude, and sensible practices regarding COVID-19. Our study showed that the respondents have exhibited good knowledge, positive attitude and sensible practices regarding covid-19 during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32497811, "pmcid": "PMC7264936", "title": "Iron: Innocent bystander or vicious culprit in COVID-19 pathogenesis?", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Edeas, Marvin", "Saleh, Jumana", "Peyssonnaux, Carole"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497811", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is viciously spreading through the continents with rapidly increasing mortality rates. Current management of COVID-19 is based on that respiratory failure is the leading cause of mortality. However, mounting evidence link accelerated pathogenesis in gravely ill COVID-19 patients to a hyper-inflammatory state involving a cytokine storm. Several components of the heightened inflammatory state were addressed as therapeutic targets. Another key component of the heightened inflammatory state is hyper-ferritinemia which reportedly identifies patients with increased mortality risk. In spite of its strong association with mortality, it is not yet clear if hyper-ferritinemia in COVID-19 patients is merely a systemic marker of disease progression, or a key modulator in disease pathogenesis. Here we address implications of a possible role for hyper-ferritinemia, and altered iron homeostasis in COVID-19 pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic targets in this regard."}, {"pmid": 32440970, "pmcid": "PMC7241062", "title": "COVID-19, Telemedicine, and Patient Empowerment in HIV Care and Research.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Mgbako, Ofole", "Miller, Emily H", "Santoro, Anthony F", "Remien, Robert H", "Shalev, Noga", "Olender, Susan", "Gordon, Peter", "Sobieszczyk, Magda E"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440970", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362440, "pmcid": "PMC7161498", "title": "Therapeutic potential of ciclesonide inahalation for COVID-19 pneumonia: Report of three cases.", "journal": "J Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Iwabuchi, Keisuke", "Yoshie, Koichiro", "Kurakami, Yuichi", "Takahashi, Kota", "Kato, Yoshio", "Morishima, Tsuneo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362440", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No specific and effective anti-viral treatment has been approved for COVID-19 so far. Systemic corticosteroid has been sometimes administered to severe infectious diseases combined with the specific treatment. However, as lack of the specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug, systemic steroid treatment has not been recommended for COVID-19. We report here three cases of the COVID-19 pneumonia successfully treated with ciclesonide inhalation. Rationale of the treatment is to mitigate the local inflammation with inhaled steroid that stays in the lung and to inhibit proliferation of the virus by antiviral activity. Larger and further studies are warranted to confirm the result of these cases."}, {"pmid": 32299752, "pmcid": "PMC7194553", "title": "Cardiac Surgery in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Guidance Statement From the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Hassan, Ansar", "Arora, Rakesh C", "Adams, Corey", "Bouchard, Denis", "Cook, Richard", "Gunning, Derek", "Lamarche, Yoan", "Malas, Tarek", "Moon, Michael", "Ouzounian, Maral", "Rao, Vivek", "Rubens, Fraser", "Tremblay, Philippe", "Whitlock, Richard", "Moss, Emmanuel", "Legare, Jean-Francois"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299752", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic.1 At that time, only 118,000 cases had been reported globally, 90% of which had occurred in 4 countries.1 Since then, the world landscape has changed dramatically. As of March 31, 2020, there are now nearly 800,000 cases, with truly global involvement.2 Countries that were previously unaffected are currently experiencing mounting rates of the novel coronavirus infection with associated increases in COVID-19-related deaths. At present, Canada has more than 8000 cases of COVID-19, with considerable variation in rates of infection among provinces and territories.3 Amid concerns over growing resource constraints, cardiac surgeons from across Canada have been forced to make drastic changes to their clinical practices. From prioritizing and delaying elective cases to altering therapeutic strategies in high-risk patients, cardiac surgeons, along with their heart teams, are having to reconsider how best to manage their patients. It is with this in mind that the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons (CSCS) and its Board of Directors have come together to formulate a series of guiding statements. With strong representation from across the country and the support of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society, the authors have attempted to provide guidance to their colleagues on the subjects of leadership roles that cardiac surgeons may assume during this pandemic: patient assessment and triage, risk reduction, and real-time sharing of expertise and experiences."}, {"pmid": 32187834, "pmcid": "PMC7162395", "title": "SARS-CoV-2, the Virus that Causes COVID-19: Cytometry and the New Challenge for Global Health.", "journal": "Cytometry A", "authors": ["Cossarizza, Andrea", "De Biasi, Sara", "Guaraldi, Giovanni", "Girardis, Massimo", "Mussini, Cristina"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187834", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376368, "pmcid": "PMC7196535", "title": "Identifying potential treatments of COVID-19 from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by using a data-driven approach.", "journal": "J Ethnopharmacol", "authors": ["Ren, Xia", "Shao, Xin-Xin", "Li, Xiu-Xue", "Jia, Xin-Hua", "Song, Tao", "Zhou, Wu-Yi", "Wang, Peng", "Li, Yang", "Wang, Xiao-Long", "Cui, Qing-Hua", "Qiu, Pei-Ju", "Zhao, Yan-Gang", "Li, Xue-Bo", "Zhang, Feng-Cong", "Li, Zhen-Yang", "Zhong, Yue", "Wang, Zhen-Guo", "Fu, Xian-Jun"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376368", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been widely used as an approach worldwide. Chinese Medicines (CMs) had been used to treat and prevent viral infection pneumonia diseases for thousands of years and had accumulated a large number of clinical experiences and effective prescriptions. This research aimed to systematically excavate the classical prescriptions of Chinese Medicine (CM), which have been used to prevent and treat Pestilence (Wenbing, Wenyi, Shiyi or Yibing) for long history in China, to obtain the potential prescriptions and ingredients to alternatively treat COVID-19. We developed the screening system based on data mining, molecular docking and network pharmacology. Data mining and association network were used to mine the high-frequency herbs and formulas from ancient prescriptions. Virtual screening for the effective components of high frequency CMs and compatibility Chinese Medicine was explored by a molecular docking approach. Furthermore, network pharmacology method was used to preliminarily uncover the molecule mechanism. 574 prescriptions were obtained from 96,606 classical prescriptions with the key words to treat \"Warm diseases (Wenbing)\", \"Pestilence (Wenyi or Yibing)\" or \"Epidemic diseases (Shiyi)\". Meanwhile, 40 kinds of CMs, 36 CMs-pairs, 6 triple-CMs-groups existed with high frequency among the 574 prescriptions. Additionally, the key targets of SARS-COV-2, namely 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2), were used to dock the main ingredients from the 40 kinds by the LigandFitDock method. A total of 66 compounds components with higher frequency were docked with the COVID-19 targets, which were distributed in 26 kinds of CMs, among which Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma), HuangQin (Scutellariae Radix), Dahuang (Rhei Radix Et Rhizome) and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) contain more potential compounds. Network pharmacology results showed that Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma) and HuangQin (Scutellariae Radix) CMs-pairs could also interact with the targets involving in immune and inflammation diseases. These results we obtained probably provided potential candidate CMs formulas or active ingredients to overcome COVID-19. Prospectively, animal experiment and rigorous clinic studies are needed to confirm the potential preventive and treat effect of these CMs and compounds."}, {"pmid": 32376595, "title": "Confusion over CPR in patients with covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Cappuccio, Francesco P"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376595", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429714, "title": "Simulation-guided preparations for the management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases in the obstetric emergency theater.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Muhsen, Wisam S", "Marshall-Roberts, Rachel"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429714", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aims: The coronavirus 2019 infection (COVID-19) global outbreak has resulted in unprecedented pressures on health services, the need to prepare for the worst-case scenario, and the need for health experts to utilize their knowledge and expertise to fight this virus. The simulation training objective of this study was to enhance the neonatal, maternity, and anesthetics teams' preparedness for the management of the emergency delivery of pregnant women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection.Methods: Three clinical simulation training sessions were conducted in March 2020 at the University Hospital Plymouth, Plymouth, UK. The neonatal, maternity, and anesthetics clinical teams participated in these joint training sessions in the obstetric emergency theater.Results: Each session lasted for around an hour. Suggestions were discussed and recommendations made. The key changes were: first, floor plan adjustment, increase of the clinical area by converting some offices to clinical spaces, and standard operating procedures for transporting patients; second, enhancement of the efficiency of the communication and coordination between the clinical teams; third, availability of extra support for the staff in the Central Delivery Suite (CDS); and fourth, introduction of a neonatal care pathway to manage neonatal resuscitation in such an emergency.Conclusions: Collaboration and joint training between the different clinical teams involved in the care of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients was proven to be one of the most effective ways of improving performance."}, {"pmid": 32372197, "pmcid": "PMC7200170", "title": "New challenges from Covid-19 pandemic: an unexpected opportunity to enlighten the link between viral infections and brain disorders?", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Gialluisi, Alessandro", "de Gaetano, Giovanni", "Iacoviello, Licia"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372197", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312831, "pmcid": "PMC7207188", "title": "Who should wear a face mask? Experts weigh in on Canada's COVID-19 response.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Vogel, Lauren"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312831", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450049, "title": "Training disrupted: Practical tips for supporting competency-based medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Med Teach", "authors": ["Hall, Andrew K", "Nousiainen, Markku T", "Campisi, Paolo", "Dagnone, J Damon", "Frank, Jason R", "Kroeker, Karen I", "Brzezina, Stacey", "Purdy, Eve", "Oswald, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450049", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted healthcare systems around the world, impacting how we deliver medical education. The normal day-to-day routines have been altered for a number of reasons, including changes to scheduled training rotations, physical distancing requirements, trainee redeployment, and heightened level of concern. Medical educators will likely need to adapt their programs to maximize learning, maintain effective care delivery, and ensure competent graduates. Along with a continued focus on learner/faculty wellness, medical educators will have to optimize existing training experiences, adapt those that are no longer viable, employ new technologies, and be flexible when assessing competencies. These practical tips offer guidance on how to adapt medical education programs within the constraints of the pandemic landscape, stressing the need for communication, innovation, collaboration, flexibility, and planning within the era of competency-based medical education."}, {"pmid": 32322965, "pmcid": "PMC7176310", "title": "Communicating with patients with nAMD and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Korobelnik, Jean-Francois", "Loewenstein, Anat"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322965", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513566, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Costela-Ruiz, Victor J", "Illescas-Montes, Rebeca", "Puerta-Puerta, Jose M", "Ruiz, Concepcion", "Melguizo-Rodriguez, Lucia"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513566", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 disease, caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, is related to a series of physiopathological mechanisms that mobilize a wide variety of biomolecules, mainly immunological in nature. In the most severe cases, the prognosis can be markedly worsened by the hyperproduction of mainly proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-\u03b3, and TNF-\u03b1, preferentially targeting lung tissue. This study reviews published data on alterations in the expression of different cytokines in patients with COVID-19 who require admission to an intensive care unit. Data on the implication of cytokines in this disease and their effect on outcomes will support the design of more effective approaches to the management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32238976, "title": "Cytokine storms in COVID-19 cases?", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Tveito, Kari"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238976", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436604, "title": "A case of goggle-mask-related impetigo at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Yu, Qian", "Li, Wei", "Yang, Lianjuan"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436604", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506195, "title": "Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibition in COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Diabetol", "authors": ["Solerte, Sebastiano Bruno", "Di Sabatino, Antonio", "Galli, Massimo", "Fiorina, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506195", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory syndrome (COVID-19) with high mortality due to a direct cytotoxic viral effect and a severe systemic inflammation. We are herein discussing a possible novel therapeutic tool for COVID-19. Virus binds to the cell surface receptor ACE2; indeed, recent evidences suggested that SARS-CoV-2 may be using as co-receptor, when entering the cells, the same one used by MERS-Co-V, namely the DPP4/CD26 receptor. The aforementioned observation underlined that mechanism of cell entry is supposedly similar among different coronavirus, that the co-expression of ACE2 and DPP4/CD26 could identify those cells targeted by different human coronaviruses and that clinical complications may be similar. The DPP4 family/system was implicated in various physiological processes and diseases of the immune system, and DPP4/CD26 is variously expressed on epithelia and endothelia of the systemic vasculature, lung, kidney, small intestine and heart. In particular, DPP4 distribution in the human respiratory tract may facilitate the entrance of the virus into the airway tract itself and could contribute to the development of cytokine storm and immunopathology in causing fatal COVID-19 pneumonia. The use of DPP4 inhibitors, such as gliptins, in patients with COVID-19 with, or even without, type 2 diabetes, may offer a simple way to reduce the virus entry and replication into the airways and to hamper the sustained cytokine storm and inflammation within the lung in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32291080, "pmcid": "PMC7151533", "title": "Planning and coordination of the radiological response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: the Singapore experience.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Tsou, I Y Y", "Liew, C J Y", "Tan, B P", "Chou, H", "Wong, S B S", "Loke, K S H", "Quah, R C W", "Tan, A G S", "Tay, K H"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291080", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread fast and extensively around the world, with significant mortality and morbidity. As this is a respiratory infection, chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) are important imaging techniques in the work-up of this disease. Given its highly infectious nature, cross-infection within the healthcare setting and radiology departments needs to be addressed actively and prevented. We describe the response of radiology departments in Singapore to this pandemic, in terms of diagnosis, re-configuration of the department, re-organisation and segregation of staff, infection control, managerial, and leadership issues."}, {"pmid": 32380898, "title": "The \"venous perspective\" in Lombardia (Italy) during the first weeks of the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Phlebology", "authors": ["Baccellieri, Domenico", "Apruzzi, Luca", "Ardita, Vincenzo", "Rinaldi, Enrico", "Bertoglio, Luca", "Melissano, Germano", "Chiesa, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380898", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530581, "title": "Efforts to Minimize the Impact of Lockdown on Migrant Workers in India During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Singh, Gurvinder Pal", "Arun, Priti", "Chavan, B S"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530581", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360134, "title": "EUS-guided gallbladder drainage during a pandemic crisis - How the COVID-19 outbreak could impact interventional endoscopy.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Lisotti, Andrea", "Fusaroli, Pietro"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410218, "pmcid": "PMC7273088", "title": "Teledermatology for patient management, dermatology education and research during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Australas J Dermatol", "authors": ["Cinelli, Eleonora", "Megna, Matteo", "Di Guida, Adriana", "Greco, Vincenzo", "Annunziata, Maria Carmela", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410218", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245701, "pmcid": "PMC7138187", "title": "Is traditional Chinese medicine useful in the treatment of COVID-19?", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Kai"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245701", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518104, "title": "Restarting gastrointestinal endoscopy in the deceleration and early recovery phases of COVID-19 pandemic: Guidance from the British Society of Gastroenterology.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Rees, Colin J", "East, James E", "Oppong, Kofi", "Veitch, Andrew", "McAlindon, Mark", "Anderson, John", "Hayee, Bu", "Edwards, Cathryn", "McKinlay, Alastair", "Penman, Ian"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518104", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many non-emergency clinical services were suspended during COVID-19 pandemic peak. It is essential to develop a plan for restarting services following the peak. It is equally important to protect patients and staff and to use resources and personal protective equipment (PPE) efficiently. The British Society of Gastroenterology Endoscopy Committee and Quality Improvement Programme has produced guidance on how a restart can be safely delivered. Key recommendations include the following: all patients should have need for endoscopy assessed by senior clinicians and prioritised according to criteria we have outlined; once the need for endoscopy is confirmed, patients should undergo telephone screening for symptoms using systematic questionnaires; all outpatients should undergo RT-PCR testing for COVID-19 virus 1-3 days prior to endoscopy; and PPE should be determined by patient risk stratification, the nature of the procedure and the results of testing. While this guidance is tailored to endoscopy services, it could be adapted for any interventional medical discipline."}, {"pmid": 32381513, "title": "Covid-19: Number of Germans infected could be 10 times higher than official estimates.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Stafford, Ned"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381513", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444865, "title": "COVID-19 Research in Brief: 16 May to 22 May, 2020.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Carvalho, Thiago"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444865", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344326, "pmcid": "PMC7184246", "title": "COVID-19 and malaria: A symptom screening challenge for malaria endemic countries.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina", "Kapata, Nathan", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344326", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348618, "pmcid": "PMC7267612", "title": "Author response to Letter to the Editor 'Liver impairment associated with disease progression in COVID-19 patients'.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Zhang, Yafei", "Liu, Lan", "Zhao, Qiu"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348618", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273618, "title": "How does COVID-19 kill? Uncertainty is hampering doctors' ability to choose treatments.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ledford, Heidi"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273618", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312655, "pmcid": "PMC7158834", "title": "Navigating \"Down Time\" During COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Fessell, David", "Garver, Kim", "Lexa, Frank"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312655", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291593, "pmcid": "PMC7156134", "title": "Our darkest hours (being neurosurgeons during the COVID-19 war).", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Borsa, Stefano", "Bertani, Giulio", "Pluderi, Mauro", "Locatelli, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291593", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250235, "pmcid": "PMC7211994", "title": "A global needs assessment in times of a global crisis: world psychiatry response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BJPsych Open", "authors": ["Kaufman, Kenneth R", "Petkova, Eva", "Bhui, Kamaldeep S", "Schulze, Thomas G"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250235", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has stunned the global community with marked social and psychological ramifications. There are key challenges for psychiatry that require urgent attention to ensure mental health well-being for all - COVID-19-positive patients, healthcare professionals, first responders, people with psychiatric disorders and the general population. This editorial outlines some of these challenges and research questions, and serves as a preliminary framework of what needs to be addressed. Mental healthcare should be an integral component of healthcare policy and practice towards COVID-19. Collaborative efforts from psychiatric organisations and their members are required to maximise appropriate clinical and educational interventions while minimising stigma."}, {"pmid": 32388472, "pmcid": "PMC7192082", "title": "The implications of preliminary screening and diagnosis: Clinical characteristics of 33 mild patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Hunan, China.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Yin, Sheng", "Peng, Yizhi", "Ren, Yaping", "Hu, Min", "Tang, Lingli", "Xiang, Zhongyuan", "Li, Xianping", "Wang, Min", "Wang, Wenlong"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388472", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The disease has rapidly spread from Wuhan to other regions. To describe the clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Hunan Province in 2020. From January 19 to February 7, 2020, 33 patients with positive in nucleic acid test of pharyngeal swab were retrospectively collected and analyzed. There are 33 COVID-19 patients (16 male, 17 female), and the median age was 46 years. Nineteen patients (48 %) were associated with a family cluster outbreak. Seventeen patients (52 %) had traveled or lived in Hubei Province. These patients are early mild cases, most common symptoms are fever [23 (70 %)] and cough [13 (39 %)]. Most patients' white blood cell counts are normal, while they manifest as significant reduction in lymphocytes [17/28 (61 %)]. The levels of c-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate suggest a typical viral infection. Procalcitonin did not increase and D-dimer increased slightly. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels have elevated in most patients. CT images of these patients showed bilateral multiple plaques or nodular ground-glass opacities (68.4 %). Fecal nucleic acid results were positive in eight COVID-19 patients accompanied with diarrhea. Tear nucleic acid results were negative in six COVID-19 patients. And four asymptomatic patients were infected with SARS-CoV-2. The clinical symptoms, laboratory results and imaging reports of patients with COVID-19 in Hunan area are significantly different from those in Wuhan area. For non-Wuhan epidemic areas, more attention should be paid to nucleic acid test results of throat swabs and stools, and it is not easily to diagnose based on clinical symptoms and CT results. Reduced whole blood lymph count can be used as an adjuvant diagnosis of early SARS-CoV-2 infection. Attention should be paid to asymptomatic carriers, which is of great significance for the control of the global epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32499056, "pmcid": "PMC7260517", "title": "COVID-19, economic impact and child mortality: A global concern.", "journal": "Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Kabir, Mahvish", "Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem", "Zaid, Muhammad", "Ahmed, Haroon", "Afzal, Muhammad Sohail"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499056", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359090, "pmcid": "PMC7267548", "title": "Convalescent plasma: possible therapy for novel coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Cao, Huiling", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359090", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363326, "pmcid": "PMC7174023", "title": "Mental healthcare for psychiatric inpatients during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Gen Psychiatr", "authors": ["Li, Shen", "Zhang, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363326", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During this 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia epidemic, some experts have expressed concern for the mental healthcare of different types of population groups. However, hospitalised patients with severe mental illness are seemingly overlooked. Psychiatric patients are still a vulnerable group who need to obtain more attention and respect, particularly during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. In this commentary, we briefly introduce the situation of hospitalized patients with severe mental illness and suggest some effective measures that should be rapidly undertaken to reverse current challenges."}, {"pmid": 32108351, "pmcid": "PMC7228255", "title": "Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A single arm meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Pengfei", "Qie, Shuyan", "Liu, Zongjian", "Ren, Jizhen", "Li, Kun", "Xi, Jianing"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108351", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aim to summarize reliable evidence of evidence-based medicine for the treatment and prevention of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by analyzing all the published studies on the clinical characteristics of patients with SARS-CoV-2. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and other databases were searched. Several studies on the clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection were collected for meta-analysis. Ten studies were included in Meta-analysis, including a total number of 50466 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Meta-analysis shows that, among these patients, the incidence of fever was 0.891 (95% CI: 0.818, 0.945), the incidence of cough was 0.722 (95% CI: 0.657, 0.782), and the incidence of muscle soreness or fatigue was 0.425 (95% CI: 0.213, 0.652). The incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was 0.148 (95% CI: 0.046, 0.296), the incidence of abnormal chest computer tomography (CT) was 0.966 (95% CI: 0.921, 0.993), the percentage of severe cases in all infected cases was 0.181 (95% CI: 0.127, 0.243), and the case fatality rate of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 0.043 (95% CI: 0.027, 0.061). Fever and cough are the most common symptoms in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and most of these patients have abnormal chest CT examination. Several people have muscle soreness or fatigue as well as ARDS. Diarrhea, hemoptysis, headache, sore throat, shock, and other symptoms are rare. The case fatality rate of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection is lower than that of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). This meta-analysis also has limitations, so the conclusions of this Meta-analysis still need to be verified by more relevant studies with more careful design, more rigorous execution, and larger sample size."}, {"pmid": 32302282, "pmcid": "PMC7234726", "title": "Sex- and Gender-specific Observations and Implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Walter, Lauren A", "McGregor, Alyson J"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302282", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393973, "pmcid": "PMC7239163", "title": "Management of Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis in a Pregnant Woman With COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Rosen, Melissa H", "Axelrad, Jordan", "Hudesman, David", "Rubin, David T", "Chang, Shannon"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393973", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "First detected in Wuhan, China, the novel 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped RNA beta-coronavirus responsible for an unprecedented, worldwide pandemic caused by COVID-19. Optimal management of immunosuppression in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with COVID-19 infection currently is based on expert opinion, given the novelty of the infection and the corresponding lack of high-level evidence in patients with immune-mediated conditions. There are limited data regarding IBD patients with COVID-19 and no data regarding early pregnancy in the era of COVID-19. This article describes a patient with acute severe ulcerative colitis (UC) during her first trimester of pregnancy who also has COVID-19. The case presentation is followed by a review of the literature to date on COVID-19 in regard to inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32438462, "title": "Enhancing Engagement during Live Virtual Learning using Interactive Quizzes.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Morawo, Adeolu", "Sun, Chichun", "Lowden, Max"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438462", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has foisted unprecedented changes upon graduate medical education ranging from adjustments to patient care practices to adaptive modifications to educational activities. To comply with social distancing guidelines, in-person conferences and didactics have been suspended in most, if not all residency programs throughout the country. Many programs, however, have transitioned to live virtual platforms such as Zoom to continue educational activities. While live virtual learning has allowed for continued education, it presents its unique challenges. The impersonal nature of the virtual learning environment creates a propensity for detachment and disengagement. While the video function is turned off and the microphone is muted, a participant can completely disengage from virtual learning while still appearing to be present."}, {"pmid": 32525560, "title": "Transforming a research institute into a COVID diagnostic centre - scientists step forward to protect public health during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "FEBS Lett", "authors": ["Ruffell, Daniela"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525560", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Let's face it: COVID-19 caught us unprepared. Virologists had abundantly described the mutagenic nature of viruses and their potential infectivity. And yet, mankind was surprised by the sudden appearance of SARS-CoV-2. We saw what happened in China and watched the coronavirus spread through countries, but we were slow in reacting."}, {"pmid": 32495917, "title": "Viral kinetics and factors associated with rapid viral clearance during lopinavir/ritonavir-based combination therapy in non-severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Ding, J-G", "Li, J", "Hong, L", "Yu, X-Q", "Ye, E-L", "Sun, G-Q", "Zhang, X-X", "Chen, L", "Sun, Q-F"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495917", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lopinavir/ritonavir has modest antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The aim was to investigate the viral kinetics and factors associated with viral clearance during lopinavir/ritonavir-based combination treatment in non-severe patients. Sixty-four patients were retrospectively enrolled. Viral RNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR assay from sputum or throat swab samples at different time points. The patterns of viral kinetics were characterized, and factors associated with rapid viral clearance, which was defined as viral RNA undetectable within two weeks, were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analyses. All patients achieved viral RNA negativity and were discharged from the hospital. Furthermore, 48 (75%) and 16 (25%) patients achieved rapid and delayed viral clearance, respectively. The lymphocyte counts of rapid viral clearance patients (1.40 [1.20-1.80] \u00d7 109/L) were higher, when compared to delayed viral clearance patients (1.00 [0.70-1.47] \u00d7 109/L) (p=0.024). The multivariate logistic analysis revealed that high lymphocyte count (\u22651.3\u00d7109/L) is an independent factor associated with rapid viral clearance (OR=7.62, 95% CI=1.15-50.34, p=0.035). The viral shedding exhibited different patterns during treatment. Immune insufficiency is responsible for the delayed viral clearance, suggesting that an immunomodulator should be considered to promote viral clearance in patients with low lymphocyte counts."}, {"pmid": 32445768, "pmcid": "PMC7237949", "title": "The Early Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Urologic Oncology Practice in Turkey: Multi-Institutional Experience From Different Geographic Areas.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Tinay, Ilker", "Ozden, Ender", "Suer, Evren", "Bozkurt, Ozan", "Izol, Volkan", "Sahin, Bahadir", "Turkeri, Levent"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445768", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341718, "pmcid": "PMC7184814", "title": "Prediction of numbers of the accumulative confirmed patients (NACP) and the plateau phase of 2019-nCoV in China.", "journal": "Cogn Neurodyn", "authors": ["Pei, Lijun"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341718", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the present study, I propose a novel fitting method to describe the outbreak of 2019-nCoV in China. The fitted data were selected carefully from the non-Hubei part and Hubei Province of China respectively. For the non-Hubei part, the time period of data collection corresponds from the beginning of the policy of isolation to present day. But for Hubei Province, the subjects of Wuhan City and Hubei Province were included from the time of admission to the Huoshenshan Hospital to present day in order to ensure that all or the majority of the confirmed and suspected patients were collected for diagnosis and treatment. The employed basic functions for fitting are the hyperbolic tangent functions \n                        \n                            tanh\n                            (\n                            .\n                            )\n                        \n                     since in these cases the 2019-nCoV is just an epidemic. Subsequently, the 2019-nCoV will initially expand rapidly and tend to disappear. Therefore, the numbers of the accumulative confirmed patients in different cities, provinces and geographical regions will initially increase rapidly and subsequently stabilize to a plateau phase. The selection of the basic functions for fitting is crucial. In the present study, I found that the hyperbolic tangent functions \n                        \n                            tanh\n                            (\n                            .\n                            )\n                        \n                     could satisfy the aforementioned properties. By this novel method, I can obtain two significant results. They base on the conditions that the rigorous isolation policy is executed continually. Initially, I can predict the numbers very accurately of the cumulative confirmed patients in different cities, provinces and parts in China, notably, in Wuhan City with the smallest relative error estimated to \n                        \n                            0.021\n                            %\n                        \n                     , in Hubei Province with the smallest relative error estimated to \n                        \n                            0.012\n                            %\n                        \n                     and in the non-Hubei part of China with the smallest relative error of \n                        -\n                     \u00a00.195% in the short-term period of infection. In addition, perhaps I can predict the times when the plateau phases will occur respectively in different regions in the long-term period of infection. Generally for the non-Hubei part of China, the plateau phase of the outbreak of the 2019-nCoV will be expected this March or at the end of this February. In the non-Hubei region of China it is expected that the epidemic will cease on the 30th of March 2020 and following this date no new confirmed patient will be expected. The predictions of the time of Inflection Points and maximum NACP for some important regions may be also obtained. A specific plan for the prevention measures of the 2019-nCoV outbreak must be implemented. This will involve the present returning to work and resuming production in China. Based on the presented results, I suggest that the rigorous isolation policy by the government should be executed regularly during daily life and work duties. Moreover, as many as possible the confirmed and suspected cases should be collected to diagnose or treat."}, {"pmid": 32182724, "pmcid": "PMC7150940", "title": "Understanding Unreported Cases in the COVID-19 Epidemic Outbreak in Wuhan, China, and the Importance of Major Public Health Interventions.", "journal": "Biology (Basel)", "authors": ["Liu, Zhihua", "Magal, Pierre", "Seydi, Ousmane", "Webb, Glenn"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32182724", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We develop a mathematical model to provide epidemic predictions for the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. We use reported case data up to 31 January 2020 from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission to parameterize the model. From the parameterized model, we identify the number of unreported cases. We then use the model to project the epidemic forward with varying levels of public health interventions. The model predictions emphasize the importance of major public health interventions in controlling COVID-19 epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32396675, "pmcid": "PMC7272982", "title": "Personal protective equipment induced facial dermatoses in healthcare workers managing Coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Singh, M", "Pawar, M", "Bothra, A", "Maheshwari, A", "Dubey, V", "Tiwari, A", "Kelati, A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522454, "title": "Association between Numbers of \"Imported Cases\" and \"Reported Cases in a Source Country\" of COVID-19: January to April 2020 in Japan.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Furuse, Yuki", "Oshitani, Hitoshi"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522454", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531154, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic repercussions on the use and management of plastics.", "journal": "Environ Sci Technol", "authors": ["Prata, Joana Correia", "Patricio Silva, Ana Luisa", "Walker, Tony R", "Duarte, Armando C", "Rocha Santos, Teresa"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531154", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Plastics are essential in society as a widely available and inexpensive material. Mismanagement of personal protective equipment (PPE) during COVID-19 pandemic, with a monthly estimated use of 129 billion face masks and 65 billion gloves globally, is resulting in widespread environmental contamination. This poses a risk to public health as a vector for SARS-CoV-2 virus, which survives up to 3 days on plastics, as well as impacts to ecosystems and organisms more broadly functions. Concerns over the role of reusable plastics as vectors for SARS-CoV-2 virus contributed to the reversal of bans on single-use plastics, highly supported by the plastic industry. While not underestimating the importance of plastics in the prevention of COVID-19 transmission, it is imperative not to undermine recent progress made in the sustainable use of plastics. There is a need to assess alternatives that allow reductions of PPE and reinforce awareness on the proper public use and disposal. Finally, assessment of contamination and impacts of plastics driven by the pandemic will be required once the outbreak ends."}, {"pmid": 32341558, "title": "Whose coronavirus strategy worked best? Scientists hunt most effective policies.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Gibney, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341558", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324675, "pmcid": "PMC7273854", "title": "COVID-19 in the Year of the Nurse.", "journal": "J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care", "authors": ["Treston, Carole"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324675", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404229, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic from an acute psychiatric perspective: a London psychiatric intensive care unit experience.", "journal": "BJPsych Bull", "authors": ["Skelton, Luke", "Pugh, Ria", "Harries, Bethan", "Blake, Lucy", "Butler, Margaret", "Sethi, Faisil"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404229", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has put the UK's National Health Service under extreme pressure, and acute psychiatric services have had to rapidly adapt to a new way of working. This editorial describes the experience of a London psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU) where all nine in-patients ultimately tested COVID-19 positive."}, {"pmid": 32513630, "title": "A web-based group treatment for patients with alcoholic liver diseases at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Bossi, Matteo Massimo", "Tufoni, Manuel", "Zaccherini, Giacomo", "Antognoli, Agnese", "Domenicali, Marco", "Caraceni, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513630", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32191764, "pmcid": "PMC7082074", "title": "Association of radiologic findings with mortality of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Yuan, Mingli", "Yin, Wen", "Tao, Zhaowu", "Tan, Weijun", "Hu, Yi"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191764", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Radiologic characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (NCIP) which had not been fully understood are especially important for diagnosing and predicting prognosis. We retrospective studied 27 consecutive patients who were confirmed NCIP, the clinical characteristics and CT image findings were collected, and the association of radiologic findings with mortality of patients was evaluated. 27 patients included 12 men and 15 women, with median age of 60 years (IQR 47-69). 17 patients discharged in recovered condition and 10 patients died in hospital. The median age of mortality group was higher compared to survival group (68 (IQR 63-73) vs 55 (IQR 35-60), P = 0.003). The comorbidity rate in mortality group was significantly higher than in survival group (80% vs 29%, P = 0.018). The predominant CT characteristics consisted of ground glass opacity (67%), bilateral sides involved (86%), both peripheral and central distribution (74%), and lower zone involvement (96%). The median CT score of mortality group was higher compared to survival group (30 (IQR 7-13) vs 12 (IQR 11-43), P = 0.021), with more frequency of consolidation (40% vs 6%, P = 0.047) and air bronchogram (60% vs 12%, P = 0.025). An optimal cutoff value of a CT score of 24.5 had a sensitivity of 85.6% and a specificity of 84.5% for the prediction of mortality. 2019-nCoV was more likely to infect elderly people with chronic comorbidities. CT findings of NCIP were featured by predominant ground glass opacities mixed with consolidations, mainly peripheral or combined peripheral and central distributions, bilateral and lower lung zones being mostly involved. A simple CT scoring method was capable to predict mortality."}, {"pmid": 32392384, "pmcid": "PMC7272989", "title": "Reply to Letter to the Editor \"The Optimal Management of Electrodiagnostic Studies during COVID-19 Outbreak\".", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Kassardjian, Charles D", "Desai, Urvi", "Narayanaswami, Pushpa"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392384", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432424, "title": "[Health crisis and suicidal crisis: mirrored lighting].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Prada, Paco", "Greiner, Christian", "De Neris, Melanie", "Bondolfi, Guido"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432424", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The psychotherapeutic management of a suicidal crisis makes it possible to think of the health crisis linked to COVID-19 from a particular angle. In this article, we show the parallels but also the differences between these two types of crises. The sequential course of the crisis, the viral agent which acts as a triggering factor and the host of reactions which follow can thus evoke a suicidal crisis during which a subject often perceives an external event as a precipitating factor. However, unlike confinement in the case of the virus, it is the relationship, in particular the therapeutic relationship, which makes it possible to get through the crisis. This relationship should allow us to get to know our specific vulnerabilities, those on which the triggering factor has specifically acted."}, {"pmid": 32451702, "pmcid": "PMC7247777", "title": "Cancer survivorship care during COVID-19-perspectives and recommendations from the MASCC survivorship study group.", "journal": "Support Care Cancer", "authors": ["Chan, Alexandre", "Ashbury, Fred", "Fitch, Margaret I", "Koczwara, Bogda", "Chan, Raymond Javan"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451702", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491022, "title": "Patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic: do not leave delirium behind.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Castro, Roberta E Vieira de", "Garcez, Flavia B", "Avelino-Silva, Thiago J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491022", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390287, "pmcid": "PMC7272897", "title": "International Nurses Day 2020: Remembering nurses who have died in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Jackson, Debra", "Bradbury-Jones, Caroline", "Baptiste, Diana", "Gelling, Leslie", "Morin, Karen H", "Neville, Stephen", "Smith, Graeme D"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390287", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211801, "pmcid": "PMC7184432", "title": "Health measures to travellers and cruise ships in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Mouchtouri, Varvara A", "Dirksen-Fischer, Martin", "Hadjichristodoulou, Christos"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211801", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279552, "title": "Coronavirus: origins, signs, prevention and management of patients.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Hill, Barry"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279552", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341556, "title": "Pseudoscience and COVID-19 - we've had enough already.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Caulfield, Timothy"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341556", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478396, "title": "Lockdown to contain COVID-19 is a window of opportunity to prevent the second wave.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Bar-Yam, Yaneer", "Fisher, Dale"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478396", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426708, "pmcid": "PMC7230140", "title": "Can we operate our patients without fear during the period of COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Tuech, Jean-Jacques", "Schwarz, Lilian"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213336, "pmcid": "PMC7156233", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: virus dynamics and host response.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Yu", "Li, Lanjuan"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213336", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237249, "title": "Quarantined.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Lee, Moon O"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237249", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504213, "title": "Risk of a second wave of Covid-19 infections: using artificial intelligence to investigate stringency of physical distancing policies in North America.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Vaid, Shashank", "McAdie, Aaron", "Kremer, Ran", "Khanduja, Vikas", "Bhandari, Mohit"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504213", "countries": ["United States", "Canada", "Sweden"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Accurately forecasting the occurrence of future covid-19-related cases across relaxed (Sweden) and stringent (USA and Canada) policy contexts has a renewed sense of urgency. Moreover, there is a need for a multidimensional county-level approach to monitor the second wave of covid-19 in the USA. We use an artificial intelligence framework based on timeline of policy interventions that triangulated results based on the three approaches-Bayesian susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR), Kalman filter, and machine learning. Our findings suggest three important insights. First, the effective growth rate of covid-19 infections dropped in response to the approximate dates of key policy interventions. We find that the change points for spreading rates approximately coincide with the timelines of policy interventions across respective countries. Second, forecasted trend until mid-June in the USA was downward trending, stable, and linear. Sweden is likely\u00a0to be heading in the other direction. That is, Sweden's forecasted trend until mid-June appears to be non-linear and upward trending. Canada appears to fall somewhere in the middle-the\u00a0trend for the same period is flat. Third, a Kalman filter based robustness check indicates that by mid-June the USA will likely have close to two million virus cases, while Sweden will likely have over 44,000 covid-19 cases. We show that drop in effective growth rate of covid-19 infections was sharper in the case of stringent policies (USA and Canada) but was more gradual in the case of relaxed policy (Sweden). Our study exhorts policy makers to take these results into account as they consider the implications of relaxing lockdown measures."}, {"pmid": 32517569, "title": "Early Warnings: The Lessons of COVID-19 for Public Health Climate Preparedness.", "journal": "Int J Health Serv", "authors": ["Sheehan, Mary C", "Fox, Mary A"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517569", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The early 2020 response to COVID-19 revealed major gaps in public health systems around the world as many were overwhelmed by a quickly-spreading new coronavirus. While the critical task at hand is turning the tide on COVID-19, this pandemic serves as a clarion call to governments and citizens alike to ensure public health systems are better prepared to meet the emergencies of the future, many of which will be climate-related. Learning from the successes as well as the failures of the pandemic response provides some guidance. We apply several recommendations of a recent World Health Organization Policy Brief on COVID-19 response to 5 key areas of public health systems - governance, information, services, determinants, and capacity - to suggest early lessons from the coronavirus pandemic for climate change preparedness. COVID-19 has demonstrated how essential public health is to well-functioning human societies and how high the economic cost of an unprepared health system can be. This pandemic provides valuable early warnings, with lessons for building public health resilience."}, {"pmid": 32447429, "pmcid": "PMC7245574", "title": "Trials and tribulations: so many potential treatments, so few answers.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Gazendam, Aaron", "Nucci, Nicholas", "Ekhtiari, Seper", "Gohal, Chetan", "Zhu, Meng", "Payne, Abbey", "Bhandari, Mohit"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447429", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this review is to quantify the landscape of current clinical trials ongoing for therapies in the treatment of COVID-19. A secondary purpose is to examine the relationship between public and scientific interests in potential therapies for COVID-19. A systematic search of clinicaltrials.gov was undertaken on April 22, 2020, to identify all currently registered clinical trials investigating potential therapies for patients with COVID-19. Public interest in the various therapies was quantified utilizing Google Trends. Public interest in hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine was plotted against the cumulative number of active clinical trials evaluating antimalarials as potential COVID-19 therapies over time. There were 341 interventional studies and 208 different therapies actively registered on clinicaltrials.gov whose primary aim is the treatment of COVID-19. The median sample size was 120 patients (range 4-6000) with 154 (45%) trials reporting a planned sample size of 100 patients or less. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.76, p = 0.01) between the number of registered clinical trials and the public interest in the top ten proposed therapies. Following the spike in public interest, the average number of new trials increased tenfold with respect to antimalarial therapies. The relatively small sample sizes and the number of independent trials investigating similar therapies are concerning. Resources may not be being allocated based on scientific merit and may be driven by public consciousness and speculation. Moving forward, a concerted effort focused on implementing large, well-coordinated and carefully designed multi-armed clinical trials will help to ensure that the most promising therapeutic options are rigorously studied and clinically meaningful results produced."}, {"pmid": 32387565, "pmcid": "PMC7204674", "title": "PSGE Statement on Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgeries during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines. March 30, 2020.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Aquino-Aquino, Prudence V", "Habana, Maria Antonia E", "Abat, Marinella Agnes G", "Go-Du, Jean", "Sua-Lao, Chiaoling", "Aranzamendez, Jennifer A", "Fernandez, Ma Asuncion A", "Tanangonan, Gladys G", "Trinidad, Anne Marie C", "Garcia, Joan Tan", "Alensuela, Anna Belen I", "Cardoso, German Tan 2nd"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387565", "countries": ["Philippines"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475821, "title": "The Stanford Hall consensus statement for post-COVID-19 rehabilitation.", "journal": "Br J Sports Med", "authors": ["Barker-Davies, Robert M", "O'Sullivan, Oliver", "Senaratne, Kahawalage Pumi Prathima", "Baker, Polly", "Cranley, Mark", "Dharm-Datta, Shreshth", "Ellis, Henrietta", "Goodall, Duncan", "Gough, Michael", "Lewis, Sarah", "Norman, Jonathan", "Papadopoulou, Theodora", "Roscoe, David", "Sherwood, Daniel", "Turner, Philippa", "Walker, Tammy", "Mistlin, Alan", "Phillip, Rhodri", "Nicol, Alastair M", "Bennett, Alexander N", "Bahadur, Sardar"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475821", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The highly infectious and pathogenic novel coronavirus (CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, has emerged causing a global pandemic. Although COVID-19 predominantly affects the respiratory system, evidence indicates a multisystem disease which is frequently severe and often results in death. Long-term sequelae of COVID-19 are unknown, but evidence from previous CoV outbreaks demonstrates impaired pulmonary and physical function, reduced quality of life and emotional distress. Many COVID-19 survivors who require critical care may develop psychological, physical and cognitive impairments. There is a clear need for guidance on the rehabilitation of COVID-19 survivors. This consensus statement was developed by an expert panel in the fields of rehabilitation, sport and exercise medicine (SEM), rheumatology, psychiatry, general practice, psychology and specialist pain, working at the Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Stanford Hall, UK. Seven teams appraised evidence for the following domains relating to COVID-19 rehabilitation requirements: pulmonary, cardiac, SEM, psychological, musculoskeletal, neurorehabilitation and general medical. A chair combined recommendations generated within teams. A writing committee prepared the consensus statement in accordance with the appraisal of guidelines research and evaluation criteria, grading all recommendations with levels of evidence. Authors scored their level of agreement with each recommendation on a scale of 0-10. Substantial agreement (range 7.5-10) was reached for 36 recommendations following a chaired agreement meeting that was attended by all authors. This consensus statement provides an overarching framework assimilating evidence and likely requirements of multidisciplinary rehabilitation post COVID-19 illness, for a target population of active individuals, including military personnel and athletes."}, {"pmid": 32446538, "pmcid": "PMC7188630", "title": "Ongoing Challenges Faced in the Global Control of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Perez Perez, Guillermo I", "Talebi Bezmin Abadi, Amin"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has now spread worldwide and caused more than 51,000 deaths, by April 2nd 2020. As predicted, there are several obstacles for medical and governmental authorities to efficiently manage this respiratory illness. In spite of appropriated supplies, most hospitals are suffering from a scarcity of free beds, protective masks, sanitizing liquids and even ECMO machines for patients with severe cases. Defeating this pandemic is impossible without united and coordinated international attempts shaped by all countries of the world. We believe that an international scaled-determination is required to diminish the complex impacts of pandemic. The most important priorities are supposed to be i) The development of potential vaccine candidates to provide protection and interrupt the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, ii) To ensure enough supplies for hospitals and their homogeneous distribution among the countries with the worst number of severe cases, iii) There is a need for more studies to identify potential treatments that are effective for the control of this viral infection and iv) It is imperative to provide easy access to diagnostic kits for all countries affected by this pandemic. In the light of these suggestions, it would be recommendable to at least temporarily abandon the political checkouts in both national and international levels; therefore, all partners will be potentially able to efficiently enforce their strategies for the elimination of this unique threat to the human populations."}, {"pmid": 32410125, "pmcid": "PMC7224350", "title": "PPE Portraits-a Way to Humanize Personal Protective Equipment.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Brown-Johnson, Cati", "Vilendrer, Stacie", "Heffernan, Mary Beth", "Winter, Shira", "Khong, Thanh", "Reidy, Jennifer", "Asch, Steven M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410125", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) has skyrocketed, as providers don masks, glasses, and gowns to protect their eyes, noses, and mouths from COVID-19. Yet these same facial features express human individuality, and are crucial to nonverbal communication. Isolated ICU patients may develop \"post intensive-care syndrome,\" which mimics PTSD with sometimes debilitating consequences. While far from a complete solution, PPE Portraits (disposable portrait picture stickers\u00a0- 4\" \u00d7 5\") have the potential to humanize care. Preparing for a larger effectiveness evaluation on patient and provider experience, we collected initial qualitative implementation insights during Spring 2020's chaotic surge preparation. Front-line providers reported more comfort with patient interactions while wearing PPE Portraits: \"It makes it feel less like a disaster zone [for the patient].\" A brief pilot showed signs of significant adoption: a participating physician requested PPE Portraits at their clinic, shift nurses had taken PPE Portraits with them to inpatient services, and masked medical assistant team-members requested PPE Portraits to wear over scrubs. We believe PPE Portraits may support patient care and health, and even potentially healthcare team function and provider wellness. While we await data on these effects, we hope hospitals can use our findings to speed their own implementation testing."}, {"pmid": 32358202, "pmcid": "PMC7199907", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Lamers, Mart M", "Beumer, Joep", "van der Vaart, Jelte", "Knoops, Kevin", "Puschhof, Jens", "Breugem, Tim I", "Ravelli, Raimond B G", "Paul van Schayck, J", "Mykytyn, Anna Z", "Duimel, Hans Q", "van Donselaar, Elly", "Riesebosch, Samra", "Kuijpers, Helma J H", "Schippers, Debby", "van de Wetering, Willine J", "de Graaf, Miranda", "Koopmans, Marion", "Cuppen, Edwin", "Peters, Peter J", "Haagmans, Bart L", "Clevers, Hans"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358202", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The virus severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an influenza-like disease that is primarily thought to infect the lungs with transmission via the respiratory route. However, clinical evidence suggests that the intestine may present another viral target organ. Indeed, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is highly expressed on differentiated enterocytes. In human small intestinal organoids (hSIOs), enterocytes were readily infected by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 as demonstrated by confocal- and electron-microscopy. Consequently, significant titers of infectious viral particles were detected. mRNA expression analysis revealed strong induction of a generic viral response program. Hence, intestinal epithelium supports SARS-CoV-2 replication, and hSIOs serve as an experimental model for coronavirus infection and biology."}, {"pmid": 32221973, "title": "The Italian coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: recommendations from clinical practice.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Sorbello, M", "El-Boghdadly, K", "Di Giacinto, I", "Cataldo, R", "Esposito, C", "Falcetta, S", "Merli, G", "Cortese, G", "Corso, R M", "Bressan, F", "Pintaudi, S", "Greif, R", "Donati, A", "Petrini, F"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221973", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus 2019 is a single-stranded, ribonucleic acid virus that has led to an international pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019. Clinical data from the Chinese outbreak have been reported, but experiences and recommendations from clinical practice during the Italian outbreak have not. We report the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak on regional and national healthcare infrastructure. We also report on recommendations based on clinical experiences of managing patients throughout Italy. In particular, we describe key elements of clinical management, including: safe oxygen therapy; airway management; personal protective equipment; and non-technical aspects of caring for patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. Only through planning, training and team working will clinicians and healthcare systems be best placed to deal with the many complex implications of this new pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32478398, "title": "Successful smallpox eradication: what can we learn to control COVID-19?", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Heymann, D L", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478398", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406253, "pmcid": "PMC7222530", "title": "Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination use in the fight against COVID-19 - what's old is new again?", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["O'Connor, Ellen", "Teh, Jiasian", "Kamat, Ashish M", "Lawrentschuk, Nathan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406253", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284619, "pmcid": "PMC7100462", "title": "On the responsible use of digital data to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Ienca, Marcello", "Vayena, Effy"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286679, "title": "COVID-19 challenge for modern medicine.", "journal": "Cardiol J", "authors": ["Dzieciatkowski, Tomasz", "Szarpak, Lukasz", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J", "Jaguszewski, Milosz", "Ladny, Jerzy R", "Smereka, Jacek"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286679", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses cause disease in animals and people around the world. Human coronaviruses (HCoV) are mainly known to cause infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract but the symptoms may also involve the nervous and digestive systems. Since the beginning of December 2019, there has been an epidemic of SARS-CoV-2, which was originally referred to as 2019-nCoV. The most common symptoms are fever and cough, fatigue, sputum production, dyspnea, myalgia, arthralgia or sore throat, headache, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea (30%). The best prevention is to avoid exposure. In addition, contact per-sons should be subjected to mandatory quarantine. COVID-19 patients should be treated in specialist centers. A significant number of patients with pneumonia require passive oxygen therapy. Non-invasive ventilation and high-flow nasal oxygen therapy can be applied in mild and moderate non-hypercapnia cases. A lung-saving ventilation strategy must be implemented in acute respiratory distress syndrome and mechanically ventilated patients. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a highly specialized method, available only in selected centers and not applicable to a significant number of cases. Specific pharmacological treatment for COVID-19 is not currently available. Modern medicine is gearing up to fight the new coronavirus pandemic. The key is a holistic approach to the patient including, primar-ily, the use of personal protective equipment to reduce the risk of further virus transmission, as well as patient management, which consists in both quarantine and, in the absence of specific pharmacological therapy, symptomatic treatment."}, {"pmid": 32475006, "title": "Coronaviridae - old friends, new enemy!", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Carneiro Leao, Jair", "Paula de Lima Gusmao, Teresa", "Machado Zarzar, Adriana", "Leao Filho, Jair Carneiro", "Barkokebas Santos de Faria, Andreza", "Morais Silva, Igor Henrique", "Gueiros, Luiz Alcino Monteiro", "Robinson, Narendran Andrew", "Porter, Stephen", "de Albuquerque Tavares Carvalho, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475006", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviridae is a family of single-stranded positive enveloped RNA viruses. This article aimed to review the history of these viruses in the last 60 years since their discovery to understand what lessons can be learned from the past. A review of the PubMed database was carried out, describing taxonomy, classification, virology, genetic recombination, host adaptation, and main symptoms related to each type of virus. SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the ongoing global pandemic, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV were responsible for causing severe respiratory illness and regional epidemics in the past while the four other strains of CoVs (229-E OC43, NL63, and HKU1) circulate worldwide and normally only cause mild upper respiratory tract infections. Given the enormous diversity of coronavirus viruses in wildlife and their continuous evolution and adaptation to humans, future outbreaks would undoubtedly occur. Restricting or banning all trade in wild animals in wet markets would be a necessary measure to reduce future zoonotic infections."}, {"pmid": 32298464, "title": "Whole body point-care ultrasound for COVID-19: a multi-system approach to a multi-system disease.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Sikachi, R", "Agrawal, A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298464", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330633, "pmcid": "PMC7172896", "title": "Invited response to the comment on \"Dermatology residents and the care of COVID-19 patients\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Grant-Kels, Jane M"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330633", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232421, "pmcid": "PMC7110920", "title": "Community Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Patients With Influenzalike Illnesses Presenting to a Los Angeles Medical Center in March 2020.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Spellberg, Brad", "Haddix, Meredith", "Lee, Rebecca", "Butler-Wu, Susan", "Holtom, Paul", "Yee, Hal", "Gounder, Prabhu"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232421", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348380, "pmcid": "PMC7176069", "title": "Trends and Prediction in Daily New Cases and Deaths of COVID-19 in the United States: An Internet Search-Interest Based Model.", "journal": "Explor Res Hypothesis Med", "authors": ["Yuan, Xiaoling", "Xu, Jie", "Hussain, Sabiha", "Wang, He", "Gao, Nan", "Zhang, Lanjing"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348380", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The daily incidence and deaths of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the USA are poorly understood. Internet search interest was found to be correlated with COVID-19 daily incidence in China, but has not yet been applied to the USA. Therefore, we examined the association of internet search-interest with COVID-19 daily incidence and deaths in the USA. We extracted COVID-19 daily new cases and deaths in the USA from two population-based datasets, namely 1-point-3-acres.com and the Johns Hopkins COVID-19 data repository. The internet search-interest of COVID-19-related terms was obtained using Google Trends. The Pearson correlation test and general linear model were used to examine correlations and predict trends, respectively. There were 636,282 new cases and,325 deaths of COVID-19 in the USA from March 1 to April 15, 2020, with a crude mortality of 4.45%. The daily new cases peaked at 35,098 cases on April 10, 2020 and the daily deaths peaked at 2,494 on April 15, 2020. The search interest of COVID, \"COVID pneumonia\" and \"COVID heart\" were correlated with COVID-19 daily incidence, with 12 or 14 days of delay (Pearson's r = 0.978, 0.978 and 0.979, respectively) and deaths with 19 days of delay (Pearson's r = 0.963, 0.958 and 0.970, respectively). The 7-day follow-up with prospectively collected data showed no significant correlations of the observed data with the predicted daily new cases or daily deaths, using search interest of COVID, COVID heart, and COVID pneumonia. Search terms related to COVID-19 are highly correlated with the COVID-19 daily new cases and deaths in the USA."}, {"pmid": 32329138, "pmcid": "PMC7264563", "title": "Who should perform the rhinopharyngeal swab in COVID-19 positive patients?", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["De Virgilio, Armando", "Pellini, Raul", "Mercante, Giuseppe", "Ferreli, Fabio", "Petruzzi, Gerardo", "Spriano, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329138", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533545, "title": "Correction to: COVID-19 and people who use drugs: a call for action.", "journal": "Can J Public Health", "authors": ["Jozaghi, Ehsan", "Maynard, Russ", "Hamm, Dave", "Marsh, Samona"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533545", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article was updated was to correct the spelling of Dave Hamm's name: it is correct as displayed here."}, {"pmid": 32396550, "pmcid": "PMC7217455", "title": "Virus detections among patients with severe acute respiratory illness, Northern Vietnam.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Le, Yen H", "Nguyen, Khanh C", "Coleman, Kristen K", "Nguyen, Tham T", "Than, Son T", "Phan, Hai H", "Nguyen, Manh D", "Ngu, Nghia D", "Phan, Dan T", "Hoang, Phuong V M", "Trieu, Long P", "Bailey, Emily S", "Warkentien, Tyler E", "Gray, Gregory C"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396550", "countries": ["Singapore", "Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) is a major cause of death and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries, however, the etiologic agents are often undetermined due to the lack of molecular diagnostics in hospitals and clinics. To examine evidence for select viral infections among patients with SARI in northern Vietnam, we studied 348 nasopharyngeal samples from military and civilian patients admitted to 4 hospitals in the greater Hanoi area from 2017-2019. Initial screening for human respiratory viral pathogens was performed in Hanoi, Vietnam at the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE) or the Military Institute of Preventative Medicine (MIPM), and an aliquot was shipped to Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore for validation. Patient demographics were recorded and used to epidemiologically describe the infections. Among military and civilian cases of SARI, 184 (52.9%) tested positive for one or more respiratory viruses. Influenza A virus was the most prevalent virus detected (64.7%), followed by influenza B virus (29.3%), enterovirus (3.8%), adenovirus (1.1%), and coronavirus (1.1%). Risk factor analyses demonstrated an increased risk of influenza A virus detection among military hospital patients (adjusted OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.2), and an increased risk of influenza B virus detection among patients enrolled in year 2017 (adjusted OR, 7.9; 95% CI, 2.7-22.9). As influenza A and B viruses were commonly associated with SARI and are treatable, SARI patients entering these hospitals would benefit if the hospitals were able to adapt onsite molecular diagnostics."}, {"pmid": 32291196, "pmcid": "PMC7141546", "title": "Is low sodium intake a risk factor for severe and fatal COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Post, Adrian", "Dullaart, Robin P F", "Bakker, Stephan J L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291196", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386263, "pmcid": "PMC7272835", "title": "Managing Healthcare Worker Wellbeing in an Australian Emergency Department during The COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["Poonian, Jasmine", "Walsham, Nicola", "Kilner, Thomas", "Bradbury, Elizabeth", "Brooks, Kristen", "West, Emma"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386263", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369675, "pmcid": "PMC7267285", "title": "Digitally aided telemedicine during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to screen oral medicine emergencies.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Georgakopoulou, Eleni A"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369675", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new human coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), emerged at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, and we are now facing a pandemic (WHO 2020). The virus has been found in saliva (Meng et al 2020, Sabino et al 2020). In vitro experimental findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 remained viable in aerosols for 3 hours (van Doremalen et al 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32527851, "title": "Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on children's surgery in Africa.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Mazingi, Dennis", "Ihediwa, George", "Ford, Kathryn", "Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O", "Lakhoo, Kokila"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496337, "title": "Prevalence and Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Illness in Symptomatic Pregnant and Postpartum Women Stratified by Hispanic Ethnicity.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Goldfarb, Ilona Telefus", "Clapp, Mark A", "Soffer, Marti D", "Shook, Lydia L", "Rushfirth, Katherine", "Edlow, Andrea G", "Boatin, Adeline A", "Kaimal, Anjali J", "Barth, William H Jr", "Bryant, Allison S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496337", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357471, "title": "Feasibility of Known RNA Polymerase Inhibitors as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Drugs.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Neogi, Ujjwal", "Hill, Kyle J", "Ambikan, Anoop T", "Heng, Xiao", "Quinn, Thomas P", "Byrareddy, Siddappa N", "Sonnerborg, Anders", "Sarafianos, Stefan G", "Singh, Kamal"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357471", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are positive-stranded RNA viruses that infect humans and animals. Infection by CoVs such as HCoV-229E, -NL63, -OC43 and -HKU1 leads to the common cold, short lasting rhinitis, cough, sore throat and fever. However, CoVs such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and the newest SARS-CoV-2 (the causative agent of COVID-19) lead to severe and deadly diseases with mortality rates ranging between ~1 to 35% depending on factors such as age and pre-existing conditions. Despite continuous global health threats to humans, there are no approved vaccines or drugs targeting human CoVs, and the recent outbreak of COVID-19 emphasizes an urgent need for therapeutic interventions. Using computational and bioinformatics tools, here we present the feasibility of reported broad-spectrum RNA polymerase inhibitors as anti- SARS-CoV-2 drugs targeting its main RNA polymerase, suggesting that investigational and approved nucleoside RNA polymerase inhibitors have potential as anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. However, we note that it is also possible for SARS-CoV-2 to evolve and acquire drug resistance mutations against these nucleoside inhibitors."}, {"pmid": 32501373, "pmcid": "PMC7247502", "title": "A multi-group SEIRA model for the spread of COVID-19 among heterogeneous populations.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Contreras, Sebastian", "Villavicencio, H Andres", "Medina-Ortiz, David", "Biron-Lattes, Juan Pablo", "Olivera-Nappa, Alvaro"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501373", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak and propagation of COVID-19 have posed a considerable challenge to modern society. In particular, the different restrictive actions taken by governments to prevent the spread of the virus have changed the way humans interact and conceive interaction. Due to geographical, behavioral, or economic factors, different sub-groups among a population are more (or less) likely to interact, and thus to spread/acquire the virus. In this work, we present a general multi-group SEIRA model for representing the spread of COVID-19 among a heterogeneous population and test it in a numerical case of study. By highlighting its applicability and the ease with which its general formulation can be adapted to particular studies, we expect our model to lead us to a better understanding of the evolution of this pandemic and to better public-health policies to control it."}, {"pmid": 32526038, "title": "Should we adapt the prescription criteria for specific treatments for migraine due to the Covid-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Porta-Etessam, Jesus", "Gonzalez-Garcia, Nuria", "Matias-Guiu, Jordi A", "Montero-Escribano, Paloma", "Matias-Guiu, Jorge"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526038", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have read with great interest the article by Ali et al regarding the delay in Onabotulinumtoxin (OBT) during the COVID-19 pandemic in three patients published in Headache (1). During the pandemic, Headache units have had to adapt by replacing face-to-face care with phone calls or visits using electronic means. Unfortunately, in many cases this has led to deterioration in patient treatment (2). As discussed in the article by Ali et al, many patients understand the situation, but as spread of COVID-19 and the associated lockdown extend over time, their viewpoint is prone to shift (1)."}, {"pmid": 32433436, "title": "Pandemic Adaptive Measures in a Major Trauma Center: Coping With COVID-19.", "journal": "J Patient Saf", "authors": ["Sheridan, Gerard A", "Boran, Sinead", "Taylor, Colm", "O'Loughlin, Padhraig F", "Harty, James A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433436", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425429, "pmcid": "PMC7228883", "title": "Revisiting conservative orthopaedic management of fractures during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Iyengar, Karthikeyan", "Vaish, Abhishek", "Vaishya, Raju"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425429", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has brought the need to revisit the conservative management of orthopaedic injuries back into sharp focus. On the advent of COVID-19 pandemic, it has been acknowledged by the British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) emergency COVID-19 and the National Health Service England (NHSE) guidelines to manage urgent orthopaedic and trauma conditions pragmatically balancing optimum treatment of patients against clinical safety with resource utilization .The current Coronavirus outbreak has refocussed orthopaedic minds on managing many injuries conservatively, which would have otherwise been managed with operative fixations. We revisit the role of conservative orthopaedic management of fractures in the context of COVID-19 and current guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32480420, "title": "Challenges in the Management of patients with systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Kastritis, Efstathios", "Wechalekar, Ashutosh", "Schonland, Stefan", "Sanchorawala, Vaishali", "Merlini, Giampaolo", "Palladini, Giovanni", "Minnema, Monique", "Roussel, Murielle", "Jaccard, Arnaud", "Hegenbart, Ute", "Kumar, Shaji", "Cibeira, Maria Teresa", "Blade, Joan", "Dimopoulos, Meletios A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480420", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2-associated disease (COVID-19) is primarily manifested as a respiratory tract infection but may affect and cause complications from multiple organ systems (cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, kidneys, hematopoietic and immune systems) while no proven specific therapy exists. The challenges associated with COVID-19 are even greater for patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis, a rare multisystemic disease affecting the heart, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal and nervous system. Patients with AL amyloidosis may need to receive chemotherapy, which probably increases infection risk. Management of COVID-19 may be particularly challenging in patients with AL amyloidosis who often present with cardiac dysfunction, nephrotic syndrome, neuropathy, low blood pressure and gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition, AL patients may be more susceptible to toxicities of drugs used to manage COVID-19. Access to health care may be difficult or limited, diagnosis of AL amyloidosis may be delayed with detrimental consequences, treatment administration may need modification. Both patients and treating physicians need to adapt in a new reality."}, {"pmid": 32453691, "title": "A multimodal practical approach in a Transfusion Medicine Centre to face the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Granero, Valentino", "Manzini, Paola M", "Bordiga, Anna M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453691", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281114, "pmcid": "PMC7262085", "title": "Delayed Initiation of Remdesivir in a COVID-19-Positive Patient.", "journal": "Pharmacotherapy", "authors": ["Hillaker, Emily", "Belfer, Julie J", "Bondici, Anamaria", "Murad, Hani", "Dumkow, Lisa E"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281114", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a case of late initiation of remdesivir antiviral therapy in the successful treatment of a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a mixed medical intensive care unit of a community teaching hospital. A previously healthy 40-year-old man was admitted to the hospital 3 days after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms including dry cough, fever, and shortness of breath progressing to intubation and increased mechanical ventilator support. A request for compassionate use remdesivir was submitted on the same hospital day as the positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction result. Supportive measures, in addition to a 5-day course of hydroxychloroquine, were maintained until remdesivir could be supplied on day 9 of hospitalization, 13\u00a0days after symptom onset. Sixty hours after initiating remdesivir, the patient was successfully extubated and able to transition to room air within 24\u00a0hours of extubation. Late initiation of remdesivir may be effective in treating SARS-CoV-2, unlike antivirals utilized for different disease states, such as oseltamivir, that are most effective when started as soon as possible following symptom onset. Urgent action is needed by regulatory agencies to work with drug manufacturers to expedite the study and approval of investigational agents targeting SARS-CoV-2 as well as to meet manufacturing demands."}, {"pmid": 32419707, "pmcid": "PMC7225717", "title": "[A tool to support the work of surgical teams and face the Covid 19 pandemic].", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Maestre, Jose M", "Luis Rabago, Jose", "Moral, Ignacio Del"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419707", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283156, "pmcid": "PMC7194554", "title": "Rapid asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 during the incubation period demonstrating strong infectivity in a cluster of youngsters aged 16-23 years outside Wuhan and characteristics of young patients with COVID-19: A prospective contact-tracing study.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Huang, Lei", "Zhang, Xiuwen", "Zhang, Xinyue", "Wei, Zhijian", "Zhang, Lingli", "Xu, Jingjing", "Liang, Peipei", "Xu, Yuanhong", "Zhang, Chengyuan", "Xu, Aman"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283156", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread to many places outside Wuhan. Previous studies on COVID-19 mostly included older hospitalized-adults. Little information on infectivity among and characteristics of youngsters with COVID-19 is available. A cluster of 22 close-contacts of a 22-year-old male (Patient-Index) including youngsters with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and hospitalized close-contacts testing negative for severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Anhui Province, China was prospectively-traced. Since January 23, 2020, we enrolled a cluster of eight youngsters with COVID-19 (median age [range], 22 [16-23] years; six males) originating from Patient-Index returning from Wuhan to Hefei on January 19. Patient-Index visited his 16-year-old female cousin in the evening on his return, and met 15 previous classmates in a get-together on January 21. He reported being totally asymptomatic and were described by all his contacts as healthy on January 19-21. His very first symptoms were itchy eyes and fever developed at noon and in the afternoon on January 22, respectively. Seven youngsters (his cousin and six classmates) became infected with COVID-19 after a-few-hour-contact with Patient-Index. None of the patients and contacts had visited Wuhan (except Patient-Index), or had any exposure to wet-markets, wild-animals, or medical-institutes within three months. For affected youngsters, the median incubation-period was 2 days (range, 1-4). The median serial-interval was 1 day (range, 0-4). Half or more of the eight COVID-19-infected youngsters had fever, cough, sputum production, nasal congestion, and fatigue on admission. All patients had mild conditions. Six patients developed pneumonia (all mild; one bilateral) on admission. As of February 20, four patients were discharged. SARS-CoV-2-infection presented strong infectivity during the incubation-period with rapid transmission in this cluster of youngsters outside Wuhan. COVID-19 developed in these youngsters had fast onset and various nonspecific atypical manifestations, and were much milder than in older patients as previously reported."}, {"pmid": 32520226, "title": "Low incidence of COVID-19 in children and adolescent post-liver transplant at a Latin American reference center.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Tannuri, Uenis", "Tannuri, Ana Cristina Aoun", "Cordon, Mariana Nutti de Almeida", "Miyatani, Helena Thie"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520226", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223490, "title": "Preparing an obstetric unit in the heart of the epidemic strike of COVID-19: quick reorganization tips.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Capanna, Federica", "Haydar, Ahmad", "McCarey, Catherine", "Bernini Carri, Enrico", "Bartha Rasero, Jose'", "Tsibizova, Valentina", "Helmer, Hanns", "Makatsarya, Alexander", "Di Renzo, Gian Carlo"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223490", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is placing considerable strain on healthcare systems. Disaster and military medicine specialists were involved in the outbreak in Italy, after many units were overwhelmed. Health providers were caught off guard and personnel was unprepared to face this unprecedented threat. Local decisions accelerated the rate of the spread. Many countries declared a state of emergency and lockdown to contain the exponential transmission of the disease. The purpose of this review is to suggest quick key points of strategies to implement in obstetric units without delay to respond to the oncoming wave, based on experience and feedback from the field. It is essential in an emergency situation to understand what is at stake and prepare maternity wards in the best possible way."}, {"pmid": 32346680, "pmcid": "PMC7157831", "title": "Editorial: A COVID-19 Support Platform for Long Term Care Facilities.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Rolland, Y", "Benetos, A", "Villars, H", "Braun, H", "Blain, H"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346680", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339412, "pmcid": "PMC7267614", "title": "Response to \"Aerosol or Droplet: Critical Definitions in the COVID-19 Era\".", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Workman, Alan", "Bleier, Benjamin S"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339412", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344169, "pmcid": "PMC7194962", "title": "A cluster of COVID-19 cases in a small Italian town: a successful example of contact tracing and swab collection.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Valent, F", "Gallo, T", "Mazzolini, E", "Pipan, C", "Sartor, A", "Merelli, M", "Bontempo, G", "Marzinotto, S", "Curcio, F", "Tascini, C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344169", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Case Report", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417398, "pmcid": "PMC7224663", "title": "High throughput and comprehensive approach to develop multiepitope vaccine against minacious COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Pharm Sci", "authors": ["Ojha, Rupal", "Gupta, Nidhi", "Naik, Biswajit", "Singh, Satyendra", "Verma, Vijay Kumar", "Prusty, Dhaneswar", "Prajapati, Vijay Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417398", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing enigmatic COVID-19 outbreak, first reported from Wuhan, China, on last day of the year 2019, which has spread to 213 countries, territories/areas till 28th April 2020, threatens hundreds of thousands human souls. This devastating viral infection has stimulated the urgent development of viable vaccine against COVID-19 across the research institutes around the globe. The World Health Organization (WHO) has also confirmed that the recent pandemic is causing Public Health Emergency of International apprehension. Moreover, the earlier two pathogenic SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and many others yet to be identified pose a universal menace. Here, in this piece of work, we have utilized an in silico structural biology and advanced immunoinformatic strategies to devise a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against ongoing COVID-19 infection. The engineered vaccine sequence is adjuvanted with \u00df-3 defensin and comprised of B-cell epitopes, HTL epitopes and CTL epitopes. This is very likely that the vaccine will be able to elicit the strong immune response. Further, specific binding of the engineered vaccine and immune cell receptor TLR3 was estimated by molecular interaction studies. Strong interaction in the binding groove as well as good docking scores affirmed the stringency of engineered vaccine. The interaction is stable with minimal deviation in root-mean square deviation and root-mean-square fluctuation was confirmed by the molecular dynamics simulation experiment. The immune-simulation by C-ImmSim server, which mimics the natural immune environment, yielded more potent immune response data of B-cells, Th cells, Tc cells and IgG for vaccine. The encouraging data obtained from the various in-silico works indicated this vaccine as an effective therapeutic against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32073161, "pmcid": "PMC7167012", "title": "The course of clinical diagnosis and treatment of a case infected with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Han, Wenzheng", "Quan, Bin", "Guo, Yi", "Zhang, Jun", "Lu, Yong", "Feng, Gang", "Wu, Qiwen", "Fang, Fang", "Cheng, Long", "Jiao, Nanlin", "Li, Xiaoning", "Chen, Qing"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32073161", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321221, "title": "Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in COVID-19 cases?", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Tveiten, Hallgeir", "Aukrust, Pal", "Lehne, Gustav", "Rodriguez, Jezabel R", "Skjonsberg, Ole Henning"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321221", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401712, "pmcid": "PMC7211497", "title": "Interferon beta-1b for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Shalhoub, Sarah"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401712", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437622, "title": "Complement Activation During Critical Illness: Current Findings and an Outlook in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Bosmann, Markus"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437622", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371230, "pmcid": "PMC7190497", "title": "Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A global health emergency.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Acter, Thamina", "Uddin, Nizam", "Das, Jagotamoy", "Akhter, Afroza", "Choudhury, Tasrina Rabia", "Kim, Sunghwan"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371230", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to data compiled by researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, more than two and half million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a newly discovered virus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been confirmed on April 20, 2020 (Nature, 2020b). Since the emergence of this infectious disease in Asia (Wuhan, China) late last year, it has been subsequently span to every continent of the world except Antarctica (Rodr\u00edguez-Morales et al., 2020). Along with a foothold in every country, the current disease pandemic is disrupting practically every aspect of life all over the world. As the outbreak are continuing to evolve, several research activities have been conducted for better understanding the origin, functions, treatments, and preventions of this novel coronavirus. This review will be a summa of the key features of novel coronavirus (nCoV), the virus causing disease 2019 and the present epidemic situation worldwide up to April 20, 2020. It is expected that this record will play an important role to take more preventive measures for overcoming the challenges faced during this current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32199615, "pmcid": "PMC7156119", "title": "Single cell RNA sequencing of 13 human tissues identify cell types and receptors of human coronaviruses.", "journal": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun", "authors": ["Qi, Furong", "Qian, Shen", "Zhang, Shuye", "Zhang, Zheng"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199615", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak from December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei, China, has been declared a global public health emergency. Angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is the host receptor by SARS-CoV-2 to infect human cells. Although ACE2 is reported to be expressed in lung, liver, stomach, ileum, kidney and colon, its expressing levels are rather low, especially in the lung. SARS-CoV-2 may use co-receptors/auxiliary proteins as ACE2 partner to facilitate the virus entry. To identify the potential candidates, we explored the single cell gene expression atlas including 119\u00a0cell types of 13 human tissues and analyzed the single cell co-expression spectrum of 51 reported RNA virus receptors and 400 other membrane proteins. Consistent with other recent reports, we confirmed that ACE2 was mainly expressed in lung AT2, liver cholangiocyte, colon colonocytes, esophagus keratinocytes, ileum ECs, rectum ECs, stomach epithelial cells, and kidney proximal tubules. Intriguingly, we found that the candidate co-receptors, manifesting the most similar expression patterns with ACE2 across 13 human tissues, are all peptidases, including ANPEP, DPP4 and ENPEP. Among them, ANPEP and DPP4 are the known receptors for human CoVs, suggesting ENPEP as another potential receptor for human CoVs. We also conducted \"CellPhoneDB\" analysis to understand the cell crosstalk between CoV-targets and their surrounding cells across different tissues. We found that macrophages frequently communicate with the CoVs targets through chemokine and phagocytosis signaling, highlighting the importance of tissue macrophages in immune defense and immune pathogenesis."}, {"pmid": 32427569, "title": "Opportunity of periodic monitoring of COVID-19 patients, asymptomatic virus carriers, and postinfectious individuals with IgM/IgG rapid antibody tests among healthcare workers during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Rago, Zsuzsanna", "Szijjarto, Laszlo", "Duda, Erno", "Bella, Zsolt"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427569", "countries": ["Hungary"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first Hungarian COVID-19 case was reported on March 4, 2020 by Hungarian officials. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the highest risk of contracting the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), with 12% of total coronavirus cases confirmed among them recently. 80% of the infected persons show only mild, moderate symptoms or stay asymptomatic. The single-stranded viral RNA can be detected by RT-PCR from the respiratory tract, urine, blood and, particulary in children, from stool samples for 30-40 days. We have no valid data of how many HCWs have been infected since the Hungarian SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, due to the lack of the systematic screening. HCWs could play a critical role in transmission and might jeopardize the health of both their patients and their own family members. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal sudies are recommended to evaluate the ratio of the recovered, i.e., \"already protected\", the ones in the acute phase, i.e., \"the infectious\", and the virus-naive, i.e., \"at risk\" workers. Of the available molecular diagnostic options, in addition to RT-PCR it would be advisable to introduce the novel rapid antibody tests which can give quick results, reveal the timeline of the infection, are easy to handle, inexpensive and can be used periodically to monitor HCWs' viral status during the still unkown duration of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(21): 854-860."}, {"pmid": 32404482, "title": "Bacteremia and Blood Culture Utilization During COVID-19 Surge in New York City.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Sepulveda, Jorge", "Westblade, Lars F", "Whittier, Susan", "Satlin, Michael J", "Greendyke, William G", "Aaron, Justin G", "Zucker, Jason", "Dietz, Donald", "Sobieszczyk, Magdalena", "Choi, Justin J", "Liu, Dakai", "Russell, Sarah", "Connelly, Charles", "Green, Daniel A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404482", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A surge of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presenting to New York City hospitals in March 2020 led to a sharp increase blood culture utilization, which overwhelmed the capacity of automated blood culture instruments. We sought to evaluate the utilization and diagnostic yield of blood cultures during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine prevalence and common etiologies of bacteremia, and to inform a diagnostic approach to relieve blood culture overutilization. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 88,201 blood cultures from 28,011 patients at a multicenter network of hospitals within New York City to evaluate order volume, positivity rate, time to positivity, and etiologies of positive cultures in COVID-19. Ordering volume increased by 34.8% in the second half of March 2020 compared to the first half of the month. The rate of bacteremia was significantly lower among COVID-19 patients (3.8%) than COVID-19 negative patients (8.0%) and those not tested (7.1%), p < 0.001. COVID-19 patients had a high proportion of organisms reflective of commensal skin microbiota, reducing the bacteremia rate to 1.6% when excluded. More than 98% of all positive cultures were detected within 4 days of incubation. Bloodstream infections are very rare for COVID-19 patients, which supports the judicious use of blood cultures in the absence of compelling evidence for bacterial co-infection. Clear communication with ordering providers is necessary to prevent overutilization of blood cultures during patient surges, and laboratories should consider shortening the incubation period from 5 days to 4 days, if necessary, to free additional capacity."}, {"pmid": 32312166, "title": "Flexible Laryngoscopy and COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Rameau, Anais", "Young, VyVy N", "Amin, Milan R", "Sulica, Lucian"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312166", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Flexible laryngoscopy, the gold-standard evaluation of the larynx and the pharynx, is one of the most commonly performed procedures in otolaryngology. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, flexible laryngoscopy represents a risk for patients and an occupational hazard for otolaryngologists and any clinic staff involved with the procedure or endoscope reprocessing. Here we present a set of recommendations on flexible laryngoscopy performance during the pandemic, including patient selection, personal protective equipment, and endoscope disinfection, based on a consensus reached during a virtual webinar on March 24, 2020, attended by approximately 300 participants from the American laryngology community."}, {"pmid": 32315874, "pmcid": "PMC7158831", "title": "Lessons learned from 9/11: Mental health perspectives on the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["DePierro, Jonathan", "Lowe, Sandra", "Katz, Craig"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315874", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic will likely lead to high rates of PTSD, depression, and substance misuse among survivors, victims' families, medical workers, and other essential personnel. The mental health response to the 9/11/01 terrorist attacks, culminating in a federally-funded health program, provides a template for how providers may serve affected individuals. Drawing on the 9/11 experience, we highlight effective prevention measures, likely short and long-term treatment needs, vulnerable subgroups, and important points of divergence between 9/11 and the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health monitoring, early identification of at-risk individuals, and treatment irrespective of financial barriers are essential for minimizing chronic distress."}, {"pmid": 32369435, "title": "Canine Respiratory Coronavirus: A Naturally Occurring Model of COVID-19?", "journal": "Vet Pathol", "authors": ["Priestnall, Simon L"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369435", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Discovered in 2003 at the Royal Veterinary College, London, canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) is a betacoronavirus of dogs and major cause of canine infectious respiratory disease complex. Generally causing mild clinical signs of persistent cough and nasal discharge, the virus is highly infectious and is most prevalent in rehoming shelters worldwide where dogs are often closely housed and infections endemic. As the world grapples with the current COVID-19 pandemic, the scientific community is searching for a greater understanding of a novel virus infecting humans. Similar to other betacoronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 appears to have crossed the species barrier, most likely from bats, clearly reinforcing the One Health concept. Veterinary pathologists are familiar with coronavirus infections in animals, and now more than ever this knowledge and understanding, based on many years of veterinary research, could provide valuable answers for our medical colleagues. Here I review the early research on CRCoV where seroprevalence, early immune response, and pathogenesis are some of the same key questions being asked by scientists globally during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32371048, "pmcid": "PMC7196529", "title": "Mental health care for pregnant women in the COVID-19 outbreak is urgently needed.", "journal": "Women Birth", "authors": ["Zeng, Liang-Nan", "Chen, Li-Gang", "Yang, Chang-Mei", "Zeng, Li-Ping", "Zhang, Li-Ying", "Peng, Tang-Ming"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371048", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442003, "title": "Cyberinsights: COVID-19 and What It Means for Cybersecurity.", "journal": "Biomed Instrum Technol", "authors": ["Wirth, Axel"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442003", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348053, "title": "[Psychiatry in the time of pandemic : forging new ways without getting lost].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Michaud, Laurent", "Stiefel, Friedrich", "Gasser, Jacques"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348053", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus pandemic challenges mental health care providers in different ways. At an individual level, they have to adapt their clinical practice and consider specific issues of teleconsultations to address patient's needs. At a population level, dedicated interventions (e.g. hotlines, health professionals' support) have to strike a balance between \u00ab\u2005pathologizing\u2005\u00bb people's reactions and trivializing the psychological effects of a pandemic. Finally, psychiatric leaders must be able to advise decision-makers on mental-health policy and communication."}, {"pmid": 32474561, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Elderly Patients with COVID-19 in Hunan Province, China: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study.", "journal": "Gerontology", "authors": ["Guo, Ting", "Shen, Qinxue", "Guo, Wei", "He, Wenlong", "Li, Jinhua", "Zhang, Yi", "Wang, Yunnian", "Zhou, Zhiguo", "Deng, Dingding", "Ouyang, Xiaoli", "Xiang, Zhi", "Jiang, Minyan", "Liang, Minyong", "Huang, Peng", "Peng, Zaimei", "Xiang, Xudong", "Liu, Wenlong", "Luo, Hong", "Chen, Ping", "Peng, Hong"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474561", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare the differences of young-old patients (60-74 years old) and old-old patients (\u226575 years old). In thisretrospective, multicenter study, the medical records of elderly patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in Hunan province, China, from January 21 to February 19, 2020 were reviewed. The characteristics of young-old patients and old-old patients were compared. Of the 105 elderly patientsconfirmed withCOVID-19, 81.0% were young-old patients, and 19.0% were old-old patients; 54.3% of elderly patients were females. Overall, 69.5% of elderly patients had underlying diseases, and the most common comorbidities included hypertension (43.8%), diabetes (25.7%), and cardiac disease (16.2%). Of the elderly patients, 22.9% were severe and 10.5% were critical severe cases. On admission, the most frequent symptoms in elderly patients included fever (66.7%), cough (64.8%), and fatigue (33.3%). Lymphopenia (31.4%), increased D-dimer (38.1%), depressed albumin (36.2%), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (41.0%), and a high level of C-reactive protein (79.0%) were common among elderly patients with COVID-19. The median prothrombin time (PT) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were longer in old-old patients than young-old patients (PT median 12.3 vs. 13.1 s, p = 0.007; APTT median 39.0 vs. 33.5 s, p = 0.045). Young-old patients showed fewer complications (14.1%) than old-old patients (40.0%; p = 0.0014) and fewer received invasive ventilator support (3.5 vs. 25.0%, p = 0.006). As of March 11, 2020, 85.7% of elderly patients had been discharged, 3 deaths had occurred, and 11.4% were still hospitalized. Elderly patients usually have chronic medical illness and are likely to have a severe or critically severe condition. They could show atypical symptoms without fever or cough and multiple organ dysfunction. Old-old patients tend to have more complications than young-old patients during hospitalization. Careful nursing, observation, and systemic treatment are very important in elderly patients."}, {"pmid": 32232219, "pmcid": "PMC7096723", "title": "The COVID-19 Intubation and Ventilation Pathway (CiVP); a Commentary.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Baig, Muhammad Akbar"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232219", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386471, "title": "Surgical wait list management in Canada during a pandemic: many challenges ahead.", "journal": "Can J Surg", "authors": ["Wiseman, Sam M", "Crump, R Trafford", "Sutherland, Jason M"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386471", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a massive impact on waits for elective operations, with tens of thousands of scheduled surgeries being cancelled or postponed across Canada. Provincial governments will likely not only reopen elective surgical capacity when it is deemed safe, but also target new funding to address the backlog of cases. There is a dearth of research on whether the provinces' approaches to managing wait lists are equitable from a patients' needs perspective or if they are associated with patients' perception of outcomes. The surgical cost models used in the past won't be useful to governments and hospital managers. New models based on hospitals' marginal costs, associated with running on weekends or off-hours and social distancing parameters, will be needed. Surgeon input, collaboration and leadership during the strategy development, implementation and management of surgical wait lists postpandemic will be imperative, as these decisions will significantly affect the health and lives of many Canadians."}, {"pmid": 32387151, "pmcid": "PMC7196418", "title": "2020 - The Year that needed the nurse: Considerations for critical care nursing research and practice emerging in the midst of COVID-19.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Hetland, Breanna", "Lindroth, Heidi", "Guttormson, Jill", "Chlan, Linda L"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387151", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317309, "title": "Lung Ultrasound in Children With COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Denina, Marco", "Scolfaro, Carlo", "Silvestro, Erika", "Pruccoli, Giulia", "Mignone, Federica", "Zoppo, Marisa", "Ramenghi, Ugo", "Garazzino, Silvia"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317309", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495393, "title": "Iatrogenic dermatitis in times of COVID-19: A pandemic within a pandemic.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Bhatia, Riti", "Sindhuja, Tekumalla", "Bhatia, Saurabh", "Dev, Tanvi", "Gupta, Atula", "Bajpai, Meenu", "Gupta, Somesh"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495393", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of the 21st century, COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China and swiftly became a global phenomenon. The frontline barriers for preventing spread are hand hygiene and personal protective equipment (PPE). The amplified hygiene practices and PPE as recommended have brought in its wake a second pandemic- a pandemic of dermatitis!. We reviewed the most prevalent types of iatrogenic skin damage among health-care workers (HCWs), notably irritant, and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to PPE and hand-hygiene measures, as well as face mask induced pressure-related skin damage."}, {"pmid": 32398430, "pmcid": "PMC7219840", "title": "Rethinking sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation for COVID-19 respiratory failure.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Madhok, Jai", "Mihm, Frederick G"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398430", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32050635, "pmcid": "PMC7077337", "title": "Potential Maternal and Infant Outcomes from (Wuhan) Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Infecting Pregnant Women: Lessons from SARS, MERS, and Other Human Coronavirus Infections.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Schwartz, David A", "Graham, Ashley L"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32050635", "countries": ["China", "Thailand", "Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early December 2019 a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause was identified in Wuhan, a city of 11 million persons in the People's Republic of China. Further investigation revealed these cases to result from infection with a newly identified coronavirus, termed the 2019-nCoV. The infection moved rapidly through China, spread to Thailand and Japan, extended into adjacent countries through infected persons travelling by air, eventually reaching multiple countries and continents. Similar to such other coronaviruses as those causing the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the new coronavirus was reported to spread via natural aerosols from human-to-human. In the early stages of this epidemic the case fatality rate is estimated to be approximately 2%, with the majority of deaths occurring in special populations. Unfortunately, there is limited experience with coronavirus infections during pregnancy, and it now appears certain that pregnant women have become infected during the present 2019-nCoV epidemic. In order to assess the potential of the Wuhan 2019-nCoV to cause maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and other poor obstetrical outcomes, this communication reviews the published data addressing the epidemiological and clinical effects of SARS, MERS, and other coronavirus infections on pregnant women and their infants. Recommendations are also made for the consideration of pregnant women in the design, clinical trials, and implementation of future 2019-nCoV vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32528043, "pmcid": "PMC7289538", "title": "Response to \"COVID-19 in persons with haematological cancers\".", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Hatzl, Stefan", "Eisner, Florian", "Schilcher, Gernot", "Kreuzer, Philipp", "Gornicec, Maximilian", "Eller, Philipp", "Brodmann, Marianne", "Schlenke, Peter", "Stradner, Martin Helmut", "Krause, Robert", "Greinix, Hildegard", "Schulz, Eduard"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528043", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213337, "pmcid": "PMC7158907", "title": "Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin", "Leung, Wai-Shing", "Tam, Anthony Raymond", "Wu, Tak-Chiu", "Lung, David Christopher", "Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Chan, Jacky Man-Chun", "Chik, Thomas Shiu-Hong", "Lau, Daphne Pui-Ling", "Choi, Chris Yau-Chung", "Chen, Lin-Lei", "Chan, Wan-Mui", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Ip, Jonathan Daniel", "Ng, Anthony Chin-Ki", "Poon, Rosana Wing-Shan", "Luo, Cui-Ting", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Chen, Zhiwei", "Chen, Honglin", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213337", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes severe community and nosocomial outbreaks. Comprehensive data for serial respiratory viral load and serum antibody responses from patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are not yet available. Nasopharyngeal and throat swabs are usually obtained for serial viral load monitoring of respiratory infections but gathering these specimens can cause discomfort for patients and put health-care workers at risk. We aimed to ascertain the serial respiratory viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in posterior oropharyngeal (deep throat) saliva samples from patients with COVID-19, and serum antibody responses. We did a cohort study at two hospitals in Hong Kong. We included patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. We obtained samples of blood, urine, posterior oropharyngeal saliva, and rectal swabs. Serial viral load was ascertained by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 internal nucleoprotein (NP) and surface spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) were measured using EIA. Whole-genome sequencing was done to identify possible mutations arising during infection. Between Jan 22, 2020, and Feb 12, 2020, 30 patients were screened for inclusion, of whom 23 were included (median age 62 years [range 37-75]). The median viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva or other respiratory specimens at presentation was 5\u00b72 log10 copies per mL (IQR 4\u00b71-7\u00b70). Salivary viral load was highest during the first week after symptom onset and subsequently declined with time (slope -0\u00b715, 95% CI -0\u00b719 to -0\u00b711; R2=0\u00b771). In one patient, viral RNA was detected 25 days after symptom onset. Older age was correlated with higher viral load (Spearman's \u03c1=0\u00b748, 95% CI 0\u00b7074-0\u00b775; p=0\u00b7020). For 16 patients with serum samples available 14 days or longer after symptom onset, rates of seropositivity were 94% for anti-NP IgG (n=15), 88% for anti-NP IgM (n=14), 100% for anti-RBD IgG (n=16), and 94% for anti-RBD IgM (n=15). Anti-SARS-CoV-2-NP or anti-SARS-CoV-2-RBD IgG levels correlated with virus neutralisation titre (R2>0\u00b79). No genome mutations were detected on serial samples. Posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples are a non-invasive specimen more acceptable to patients and health-care workers. Unlike severe acute respiratory syndrome, patients with COVID-19 had the highest viral load near presentation, which could account for the fast-spreading nature of this epidemic. This finding emphasises the importance of stringent infection control and early use of potent antiviral agents, alone or in combination, for high-risk individuals. Serological assay can complement RT-qPCR for diagnosis. Richard and Carol Yu, May Tam Mak Mei Yin, The Shaw Foundation Hong Kong, Michael Tong, Marina Lee, Government Consultancy Service, and Sanming Project of Medicine."}, {"pmid": 32492089, "title": "Outpatient Treatment at Home for Medicare Beneficiaries During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bekelman, Justin E", "Emanuel, Ezekiel J", "Navathe, Amol S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492089", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445417, "title": "Expansion of Hospital-Based Blood Collections in the Face of COVID-19 Associated National Blood Shortage.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Gniadek, Thomas J", "Mallek, Jessica", "Wright, Gregory", "Saporito, Catherine", "AbiMansour, Nasri", "Tangazi, Wilkister", "Rogers, Gloria", "Zahara, Zachary", "Cummings, Gabrielle", "Kaul, Karen", "Kang, Jason"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445417", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When the coronavirus pandemic caused widespread school and business closures in March 2020, blood drives were cancelled and the supply of blood decreased suddenly in the United States (US). In response, hospital-based transfusion medicine physicians instituted policies to conserve blood and decrease blood product usage. These efforts were aided by the US Surgeon General recommendation to cancel all elective procedures. Nevertheless, the duration, severity, and impact of the pandemic on the national blood supply was uncertain. Hospitals with in-house donor programs had the opportunity not only to control demand, but also increase supply. A hospital-based blood donor center was rapidly mobilized to increase the supply of in-house collected blood, in order to counteract a sudden but potentially long-term depletion of the national blood supply during a pandemic. Collections increased approximately five-fold above baseline for whole blood units, while apheresis platelet units were maintained at the historical average for the blood donor center. Cancellation of elective procedures showed a modest, but not yet statistically significant decrease in average blood product usage per day, nevertheless the in-house collection rate was sufficient to meet demand. A hospital-based blood donor center can quickly increase collection volumes and capacity in the face of a national emergency / pandemic. The desire to collect units should be balanced with safety concerns, need for sustainability, and blood product demand. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32301363, "title": "Biologics for psoriasis patients in the COVID-19 era: more evidence, less fears.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Megna, Matteo", "Ruggiero, Angelo", "Marasca, Claudio", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301363", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275081, "pmcid": "PMC7262057", "title": "Evaluate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectivity by pseudoviral particles.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Pu, Tao", "Ding, Chen", "Li, Yadong", "Liu, Xiaojuan", "Li, Haiwei", "Duan, Jinmei", "Zhang, Heng", "Bi, Yanwei", "Cun, Wei"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275081", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in humans in late 2019, it has rapidly spread worldwide. To identify the biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in a normal laboratory environment (biosafety level 2 [BSL-2]), a lentiviral-based nucleocapsid was used to carry the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 onto the surface of pseudoviral particles as a surrogate model to evaluate the infective characterization of SARS-CoV-2. This study indicated that SARS-CoV-2 has extensive tissue tropism for humans and may infect monkeys and tree shrews but not rodents. More importantly, the use of pseudoviral particles in this study allows rapid assessment of neutralizing antibodies in serum in a BSL-2 laboratory. This study will provide a quick and easy tool for evaluating neutralizing antibodies in the serum of recovering patients and assessing the potency of candidate vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32252784, "pmcid": "PMC7132551", "title": "CT imaging changes of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19): a multi-center study in Southwest China.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Li, Xiaoming", "Zeng, Wenbing", "Li, Xiang", "Chen, Haonan", "Shi, Linping", "Li, Xinghui", "Xiang, Hongnian", "Cao, Yang", "Chen, Hui", "Liu, Chen", "Wang, Jian"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252784", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first case of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection pneumonia was detected in Wuhan, China, a series of confirmed cases of the COVID-19 were found in Southwest China. The aim of this study was to describe the imaging manifestations of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection in southwest China. In this retrospective study, data were collected from 131 patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from 3 Chinese hospitals. Their common clinical manifestations, as well as characteristics and evolvement features of chest CT images, were analyzed. A total of 100 (76%) patients had a history of close contact with people living in Wuhan, Hubei. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 included cough, fever. Most of the lesions identified in chest CT images were multiple lesions of bilateral lungs, lesions were more localized in the peripheral lung, 109 (83%) patients had more than two lobes involved, 20 (15%) patients presented with patchy ground glass opacities, patchy ground glass opacities and consolidation of lesions co-existing in 61 (47%) cases. Complications such as pleural thickening, hydrothorax, pericardial effusion, and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes were detected but only in rare cases. For the follow-up chest CT examinations (91 cases), We found 66 (73%) cases changed very quickly, with an average of 3.5\u00a0days, 25 cases (27%) presented absorbed lesions, progression was observed in 41 cases (46%), 25 (27%) cases showed no significant changes. Chest CT plays an important role in diagnosing COVID-19. The imaging pattern of multifocal peripheral ground glass or mixed consolidation is highly suspicious of COVID-19, that can quickly change over a short period of time."}, {"pmid": 32527257, "title": "Impact of diabetes mellitus on clinical outcomes in patients affected by Covid-19.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Diabetol", "authors": ["Sardu, Celestino", "Gargiulo, Giuseppe", "Esposito, Giovanni", "Paolisso, Giuseppe", "Marfella, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527257", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A possible association could exist between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Coronavirus-19 (Covid-19) infection. Indeed, patients with T2DM show high prevalence, severity of disease and mortality during Covid-19 infection. However, the rates of severe disease are significantly higher in patients with diabetes compared with non-diabetes (34.6% vs. 14.2%; p\u2009<\u20090.001). Similarly, T2DM patients have higher rates of need for Intensive Care Unit (ICU, 37.0% vs. 26.7%; p\u2009=\u20090.028). Thus, about the pneumonia of Covid-19, we might speculate that the complicated alveolar-capillary network of lungs could be targeted by T2DM micro-vascular damage. Therefore, T2DM patients frequently report respiratory symptoms and are at increased risk of several pulmonary diseases. In addition, pro-inflammatory pathways as that involving interleukin 6 (IL-6), could be a severity predictor of lung diseases. Therefore, it looks intuitive to speculate that this condition could explain the growing trend of cases, hospitalization and mortality for patients with T2DM during Covid-19 infection. To date, an ongoing experimental therapy with monoclonal antibody against the IL-6 receptor in Italy seems to have beneficial effects on severe lung disease and prognosis in patients with Covid-19 infection. Therefore, should patients with T2DM be treated with more attention to glycemic control and monoclonal antibody against the IL-6 receptor during the Covid-19 infection?"}, {"pmid": 32189218, "pmcid": "PMC7090637", "title": "The impact of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) on coughing distance: implications on its use during the novel coronavirus disease outbreak.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Loh, Ne-Hooi Will", "Tan, Yanni", "Taculod, Juvel", "Gorospe, Billy", "Teope, Analine S", "Somani, Jyoti", "Tan, Addy Yong Hui"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189218", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376262, "pmcid": "PMC7196538", "title": "Bereavement Support on the Frontline of COVID-19: Recommendations for Hospital Clinicians.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Selman, Lucy E", "Chao, Davina", "Sowden, Ryann", "Marshall, Steve", "Chamberlain, Charlotte", "Koffman, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376262", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Deaths due to COVID-19 are associated with risk factors which can lead to prolonged grief disorder, post-traumatic stress, and other poor bereavement outcomes among relatives, as well as moral injury and distress in frontline staff. Here we review relevant research evidence and provide evidence-based recommendations and resources for hospital clinicians to mitigate poor bereavement outcomes and support staff. For relatives, bereavement risk factors include dying in an intensive care unit, severe breathlessness, patient isolation or restricted access, significant patient and family emotional distress, and disruption to relatives' social support networks. Recommendations include advance care planning; proactive, sensitive, and regular communication with family members alongside accurate information provision; enabling family members to say goodbye in person where possible; supporting virtual communication; providing excellent symptom management and emotional and spiritual support; and providing and/or sign-posting to bereavement services. To mitigate effects of this emotionally challenging work on staff, we recommend an organizational and systemic approach which includes access to informal and professional support."}, {"pmid": 32501429, "pmcid": "PMC7245214", "title": "Novel wastewater surveillance strategy for early detection of coronavirus disease 2019 hotspots.", "journal": "Curr Opin Environ Sci Health", "authors": ["Venugopal, Anila", "Ganesan, Harsha", "Sudalaimuthu Raja, Suresh Selvapuram", "Govindasamy, Vivekanandhan", "Arunachalam, Manimekalan", "Narayanasamy, Arul", "Sivaprakash, Palanisamy", "Rahman, Pattanathu K S M", "Gopalakrishnan, Abilash Valsala", "Siama, Zothan", "Vellingiri, Balachandar"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501429", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019, a pandemic of global concern, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\u00a0has severely revealed the need for public monitoring and efficient screening techniques. Despite the various advancements made in the medical and research field, containment of this virus has proven to be difficult on several levels. As such, it is a necessary requirement to identify possible hotspots in the early stages of any disease. Based on previous studies carried out on coronaviruses, there is a high likelihood that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may also survive in wastewater. Hence, we propose the use of nanofiber filters as a wastewater pretreatment routine and upgradation of existing wastewater evaluation and treatment systems to serve as a beneficial surveillance tool."}, {"pmid": 32376079, "pmcid": "PMC7195381", "title": "Purpose after Retirement during COVID-19: Trying to Find Direction in Retirement Communities.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Hill, Patrick L", "Lewis, Nathan A", "Burrow, Anthony L"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376079", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456663, "pmcid": "PMC7250283", "title": "Prone positioning combined with high-flow nasal or conventional oxygen therapy in severe Covid-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Despres, Cyrielle", "Brunin, Yannick", "Berthier, Francis", "Pili-Floury, Sebastien", "Besch, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456663", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497090, "title": "Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection: A systematic review.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Smith, Vinayak", "Seo, Densearn", "Warty, Ritesh", "Payne, Olivia", "Salih, Mohamed", "Chin, Ken Lee", "Ofori-Asenso, Richard", "Krishnan, Sathya", "da Silva Costa, Fabricio", "Vollenhoven, Beverley", "Wallace, Euan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497090", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has created an extraordinary global health crisis. However, with limited understanding of the effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy, clinicians and patients are forced to make uninformed decisions. To systematically evaluate the literature and report the maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with COVID-19. PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched from November 1st, 2019 and March 28th, 2020. Primary studies, reported in English, investigating COVID-19-positive pregnant women and reporting their pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Data in relation to clinical presentation, investigation were maternal and neonatal outcomes were extracted and analysed using summary statistics. Hypothesis testing was performed to examine differences in time-to-delivery. Study quality was assessed using the ICROMS tool. Of 73 identified articles, nine were eligible for inclusion (n = 92). 67.4% (62/92) of women were symptomatic at presentation. RT-PCR was inferior to CT-based diagnosis in 31.7% (26/79) of cases. Maternal mortality rate was 0% and only one patient required intensive care and ventilation. 63.8% (30/47) had preterm births, 61.1% (11/18) fetal distress and 80% (40/50) a Caesarean section. 76.92% (11/13) of neonates required NICU admission and 42.8% (40/50) had a low birth weight. There was one indeterminate case of potential vertical transmission. Mean time-to-delivery was 4.3\u00b13.08 days (n = 12) with no difference in outcomes (p>0.05). COVID-19-positive pregnant women present with fewer symptoms than the general population and may be RT-PCR negative despite having signs of viral pneumonia. The incidence of preterm births, low birth weight, C-section, NICU admission appear higher than the general population."}, {"pmid": 32281330, "title": "[Analysis on clinical study protocols of traditional Chinese medicine for coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Hui", "Jin, Xin-Yao", "Pang, Bo", "Liu, Chun-Xiang", "Zheng, Wen-Ke", "Yang, Feng-Wen", "Pang, Wen-Tai", "Zhang, Jun-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281330", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the registered clinical trial protocols of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), in order to provide information for improving the quality of research design. The website of the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(www.chictr.org.cn) and the American Clinical Trial Registry(clinicaltrials.gov) were searched to collect protocols of TCM for COVID-19. Documents were screened following the inclusion criteria, and data were extracted in regard to registration date, study objective, type of design, sponsor, patient, sample size, intervention, and evaluation index. Descriptive analysis was conducted. A total of 49 clinical trial protocols of TCM for COVID-19 were included. Primary sponsors were mainly hospitals or universities in places like Hubei, Beijing, Zhejiang and other regions. The implementation units are mainly in Hubei, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Henan and other regional hospitals. The types of study design were mainly experimental studies(40), including 30 randomized parallel controlled trials, 7 non-randomized controlled trials, 2 single arm trials and 1 consecutively recruited trial; besides, there were also 6 observational studies, 2 health service studies and 1 preventive study. The sample size reached a total of 30 562 cases, with a maximum of 20 000 for a single study and a minimum of 30. The 49 trials subjects included healthy people(3), isolation and observation cases(1), suspected cases(10),confirmed COVID-19 patients(31) and COVID-19 recovery patients(4). Of the 31 trials planned to include confirmed COVID-19 patients, 16 protocols no definite disease classification, 3 with a clear exclusion of severe subjects, 4 with common subjects, 2 with light, common or severe subjects, 1 with light and common subjects, 1 with common or severe subjects, 3 with severe subjects, and 1 with severe or critical subjects. The experimental interventions included Chinese patent medicine(Lianhua Qingwen Capsules/Granules, Huoxiang Zhengqi Dropping Pills/Oral Liquid, Babao Dan, Gubiao Jiedu Ling, Jinhao Jiere Granules, Compound Yu-xingcao Mixture, Jinye Baidu Granules, Shufeng Jiedu Capsuless, Shuanghuanglian Oral Liquid, Tanreqing Injection, Xuebijing Injection, Reduning Injection, Xiyanping Injection), Chinese medicinal decoction and taichi. The primary evaluation outcomes mainly included antipyretic time, clinical symptom relief, novel coronavirus nucleic acid turning to negative, conversion rate of severe cases and chest CT. There was a quick response of clinical research on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 with TCM, with the current registered protocols covers the whole process of disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. However, issues need to be concerned, including unclear definition of patient's condition, unclear research objectives, unclear intervention process and inappropriate outcomes, etc. In addition, researchers should consider the actual difficulties and workload of doctors in epidemic response environment, and make effort to optimize the process and improve the operability of research protocols under the principle of medical ethics."}, {"pmid": 32374010, "title": "Are probiotics effective adjuvant therapeutic choice in patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Di Renzo, L", "Merra, G", "Esposito, E", "De Lorenzo, A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374010", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485147, "pmcid": "PMC7177099", "title": "Management of Lung Nodules and Lung Cancer Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic: CHEST Expert Panel Report.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Mazzone, Peter J", "Gould, Michael K", "Arenberg, Douglas A", "Chen, Alexander C", "Choi, Humberto K", "Detterbeck, Frank C", "Farjah, Farhood", "Fong, Kwun M", "Iaccarino, Jonathan M", "Janes, Samuel M", "Kanne, Jeffrey P", "Kazerooni, Ella A", "MacMahon, Heber", "Naidich, David P", "Powell, Charles A", "Raoof, Suhail", "Rivera, M Patricia", "Tanner, Nichole T", "Tanoue, Lynn K", "Tremblay, Alain", "Vachani, Anil", "White, Charles S", "Wiener, Renda Soylemez", "Silvestri, Gerard A"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485147", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The risks from potential exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and resource reallocation that has occurred to combat the pandemic, have altered the balance of benefits and harms that informed current (pre-COVID-19) guideline recommendations for lung cancer screening and lung nodule evaluation. Consensus statements were developed to guide clinicians managing lung cancer screening programs and patients with lung nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic. An expert panel of 24 members, including pulmonologists (n\u00a0= 17), thoracic radiologists (n\u00a0= 5), and thoracic surgeons (n\u00a0= 2), was formed. The panel was provided with an overview of current evidence, summarized by recent guidelines related to lung cancer screening and lung nodule evaluation. The panel was convened by video teleconference to discuss and then vote on statements related to 12 common clinical scenarios. A predefined threshold of 70% of panel members voting agree or strongly agree was used to determine if there was a consensus for each statement. Items that may influence decisions were listed as notes to be considered for each scenario. Twelve statements related to baseline and annual lung cancer screening (n\u00a0= 2), surveillance of a previously detected lung nodule (n\u00a0= 5), evaluation of intermediate and high-risk lung nodules (n\u00a0= 4), and management of clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer (n\u00a0= 1) were developed and modified. All 12 statements were confirmed as consensus statements according to the voting results. The consensus statements provide guidance about situations in which it was believed to be appropriate to delay screening, defer surveillance imaging of lung nodules, and minimize nonurgent interventions during the evaluation of lung nodules and stage I non-small cell lung cancer. There was consensus that during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is appropriate to defer enrollment in lung cancer screening and modify the evaluation of lung nodules due to the added risks from potential exposure and the need for resource reallocation. There are multiple local, regional, and patient-related factors that should be considered when applying these statements to individual patient care."}, {"pmid": 32242236, "pmcid": "PMC7184428", "title": "COVID-19 and smoking.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Berlin, Ivan", "Thomas, Daniel", "Le Faou, Anne-Laurence", "Cornuz, Jacques"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242236", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503305, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Urology Practice: A Global Perspective and Snapshot Analysis.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Gravas, Stavros", "Bolton, Damien", "Gomez, Reynaldo", "Klotz, Laurence", "Kulkarni, Sanjay", "Tanguay, Simon", "de la Rosette, Jean"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503305", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on urology practice remains unknown. Self-selected urologists worldwide completed an online survey by the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Internationale d'Urologie (SIU). A total of 2494 urologists from 76 countries responded, including 1161 (46.6%) urologists in an academic setting, 719 (28.8%) in a private practice, and 614 (24.6%) in the public sector. The largest proportion (1074 (43.1%)) were from Europe, with the remainder from East/Southeast Asia (441 (17.7%)), West/Southwest Asia (386 (15.5%)), Africa (209 (8.4%)), South America (198 (7.9%)), and North America (186 (7.5%)). An analysis of differences in responses was carried out by region and practice setting. The results reveal significant restrictions in outpatient consultation and non-emergency surgery, with nonspecific efforts towards additional precautions for preventing the spread of COVID-19 during emergency surgery. These restrictions were less notable in East/Southeast Asia. Urologists often bear the decision-making responsibility regarding access to elective surgery (40.3%). Restriction of both outpatient clinics and non-emergency surgery is considerable worldwide but is lower in East/Southeast Asia. Measures to control the spread of COVID-19 during emergency surgery are common but not specific. The pandemic has had a profound impact on urology practice. There is an urgent need to provide improved guidance for this and future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32299626, "pmcid": "PMC7154216", "title": "COVID-19: How can a department of general surgery survive in a pandemic?", "journal": "Surgery", "authors": ["Guerci, Claudio", "Maffioli, Anna", "Bondurri, Andrea A", "Ferrario, Luca", "Lazzarin, Francesco", "Danelli, Piergiorgio"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387163, "pmcid": "PMC7159856", "title": "Commentary: When a cardiac surgeon takes care of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: It's gonna be ok!", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Miceli, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387163", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452598, "pmcid": "PMC7267111", "title": "In response: Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Res Rev", "authors": ["Blanke, Charles D"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452598", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The article cited does not differentiate between Type I and Type II diabetes. More information is needed to properly assess risk."}, {"pmid": 32473904, "pmcid": "PMC7244409", "title": "Reply to the letter of Mahajan and Gaur in response to the article: Comorbidities in COVID-19: Outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers (Singh et al.).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Gupta, Ritesh", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473904", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488319, "pmcid": "PMC7265879", "title": "[Surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic : Recommendations on operative procedures].", "journal": "Unfallchirurg", "authors": ["Mahlke, Lutz", "Flohe, Sascha", "Matthes, Gerrit", "Paffrath, Thomas", "Wagner, Frithjof", "Wolfl, Christoph"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488319", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In February 2020 Germany was also hit by the SARS-CoV\u20112 pandemic. Even patients infected by SARS-CoV\u20112 or COVID-19 may need operative procedures. Currently, no uniform recommendations exist on precautions to be taken when operating on these patients. Furthermore, they may differ from one hospital to another. The task force COVID-19 of the emergency, intensive and severely injured section of the German Trauma Society (DGU e.\u202fV.) has developed consensus-based recommendations on surgical treatment of patients with SARS-CoV\u20112 infections. Great importance is placed on the implementation in hospitals at all levels of care. The indications for surgical interventions in patients with COVID-19 infections require an extremely critical evaluation. When indicated these surgical intervention should ideally be performed in a\u00a0separate operating theater. All personnel involved should wear personal protective equipment with FFP2 masks, face shields and double gloves. The emergency team in the resuscitation bay should generally wear the same personal protective equipment. Special training is mandatory and the exposure of team members should be minimized. The recommendations are principally used for all kinds of surgery and comply with the currently available knowledge. Nevertheless, all recommendations represent a\u00a0compromise between maximum safety of all medical staff and practicability in the routine hospital workflow."}, {"pmid": 32430424, "pmcid": "PMC7241107", "title": "Authors' reply to correspondence in response to \"Will children reveal their secret? The coronavirus dilemma\".", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Midulla, F", "Cristiani, L", "Mancino, E"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430424", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392096, "title": "Forced Choices: Ethical Challenges in Cardiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Khazanie, Prateeti", "Wynia, Matthew", "Dickert, Neal W"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392096", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442333, "title": "Estimation of the number of blood donors during the COVID-19 incubation period across China and analysis of prevention and control measures for blood transfusion transmission.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Yuan, Zhaohu", "Chen, Dandan", "Chen, Xiaojie", "Wei, Yaming"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442333", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to estimate the number of blood donors during the COVID-19 incubation period across China. In this study, we developed a predictive model to estimate the number of blood donors during the COVID-19 incubation period among 34 provincial regions in China. Our main assumption was that blood donors of all ages in different regions have a stable blood donation intention and the same infection risk. First, we estimated the number of blood donors during the COVID-19 incubation period in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, and China, from December 31, 2019 to March 17, 2020. Second, we compared the number of blood donors during the COVID-19 incubation period in all provinces across China. In addition, we found that if all RBCs, plasma, and cryoprecipitation were stored in isolation until the 14th day, the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through blood transfusion was reduced by at least 65.77% after the blood donor safely passed the COVID-19 incubation period. Moreover, if the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was carried out on all platelets, the potential risk would be reduced by 77.48%. Although the risk is low, with the rapid spread of the COVID-19 and the appearance of alarmingly high infectivity and a high fatality rate, appropriate measures should be taken by health departments to ensure the safety of clinical blood."}, {"pmid": 32209118, "pmcid": "PMC7093988", "title": "Using the spike protein feature to predict infection risk and monitor the evolutionary dynamic of coronavirus.", "journal": "Infect Dis Poverty", "authors": ["Qiang, Xiao-Li", "Xu, Peng", "Fang, Gang", "Liu, Wen-Bin", "Kou, Zheng"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209118", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus can cross the species barrier and infect humans with a severe respiratory syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 with potential origin of bat is still circulating in China. In this study, a prediction model is proposed to evaluate the infection risk of non-human-origin coronavirus for early warning. The spike protein sequences of 2666 coronaviruses were collected from 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource (2019nCoVR) Database of China National Genomics Data Center on Jan 29, 2020. A total of 507 human-origin viruses were regarded as positive samples, whereas 2159 non-human-origin viruses were regarded as negative. To capture the key information of the spike protein, three feature encoding algorithms (amino acid composition, AAC; parallel correlation-based pseudo-amino-acid composition, PC-PseAAC and G-gap dipeptide composition, GGAP) were used to train 41 random forest models. The optimal feature with the best performance was identified by the multidimensional scaling method, which was used to explore the pattern of human coronavirus. The 10-fold cross-validation results showed that well performance was achieved with the use of the GGAP (g\u2009=\u20093) feature. The predictive model achieved the maximum ACC of 98.18% coupled with the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.9638. Seven clusters for human coronaviruses (229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) were found. The cluster for SARS-CoV-2 was very close to that for SARS-CoV, which suggests that both of viruses have the same human receptor (angiotensin converting enzyme II). The big gap in the distance curve suggests that the origin of SARS-CoV-2 is not clear and further surveillance in the field should be made continuously. The smooth distance curve for SARS-CoV suggests that its close relatives still exist in nature and public health is challenged as usual. The optimal feature (GGAP, g\u2009=\u20093) performed well in terms of predicting infection risk and could be used to explore the evolutionary dynamic in a simple, fast and large-scale manner. The study may be beneficial for the surveillance of the genome mutation of coronavirus in the field."}, {"pmid": 32407747, "pmcid": "PMC7214347", "title": "Parallel epidemics, or nearly so: Certainties and uncertainties about SARS-CoV-2 in Italy.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Gentile, Sandro", "Mambro, Andrea", "Strollo, Felice"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407747", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32047258, "pmcid": "PMC7075278", "title": "Fusion mechanism of 2019-nCoV and fusion inhibitors targeting HR1 domain in spike protein.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Xia, Shuai", "Zhu, Yun", "Liu, Meiqin", "Lan, Qiaoshuai", "Xu, Wei", "Wu, Yanling", "Ying, Tianlei", "Liu, Shuwen", "Shi, Zhengli", "Jiang, Shibo", "Lu, Lu"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32047258", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311327, "pmcid": "PMC7164870", "title": "Rural areas at risk during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ranscombe, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311327", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395606, "pmcid": "PMC7211761", "title": "Molecular docking and dynamic simulations for antiviral compounds against SARS-CoV-2: A computational study.", "journal": "Inform Med Unlocked", "authors": ["Peele, K Abraham", "Chandrasai, P", "Srihansa, T", "Krupanidhi, S", "Sai, A Vijaya", "Babu, D John", "Indira, M", "Reddy, A Ranganadha", "Venkateswarulu, T C"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395606", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to develop an appropriate anti-viral drug against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. An immediately qualifying strategy would be to use existing powerful drugs from various virus treatments. The strategy in virtual screening of antiviral databases for possible therapeutic effect would be to identify promising drug molecules, as there is currently no vaccine or treatment approved against COVID-19. Targeting the main protease (pdb id: 6LU7) is gaining importance in anti-CoV drug design. In this conceptual context, an attempt has been made to suggest an in silico computational relationship between US-FDA approved drugs, plant-derived natural drugs, and Coronavirus main protease (6LU7) protein. The evaluation of results was made based on Glide (Schr\u00f6dinger) dock score. Out of 62 screened compounds, the best docking scores with the targets were found for compounds: lopinavir, amodiaquine, and theaflavin digallate (TFDG). Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation study was also performed for 20 ns to confirm the stability behaviour of the main protease and inhibitor complexes. The MD simulation study validated the stability of three compounds in the protein binding pocket as potent binders."}, {"pmid": 32473108, "pmcid": "PMC7236746", "title": "Rescheduling Nonurgent Care in Radiology: Implementation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Vagal, Achala", "Mahoney, Mary", "Allen, Becky", "Kapur, Sangita", "Udstuen, Gavin", "Wang, Lily", "Braley, Susan", "Makramalla, Abouelmagd", "Chadalavada, Seetharam", "Scheler, Jennifer", "Brown, Ann", "England, Eric", "Hudepohl, Joseph", "Rybicki, Frank J"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473108", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To meet hospital preparedness for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and ACR recommended delay of all nonemergent tests and elective procedures. The purpose of this article is to report our experience for rescheduling nonemergent imaging and procedures during the pandemic at our tertiary, academic institution. We rescheduled the nonemergent imaging and procedures in our hospitals and outpatient centers from March 16 to May 4, 2020. We created a tiered priority system to reschedule patients for whom imaging could be delayed with minimal clinical impact. The radiologists performed detailed chart reviews for decision making. We conducted daily virtual huddles with discussion of rescheduling strategies and issue tracking. Using a snapshot during the rescheduling period, there was a 53.4% decrease in imaging volume during the period of March 16 to April 15, 2020, compared with same time period in 2019. The total number of imaging studies decreased from 38,369 in 2019 to 17,891 in 2020 during this period. Although we saw the largest reduction in outpatient imaging (72.3%), there was also a significant decrease in inpatient (40.5%) and emergency department (48.9%) imaging volumes. The use of multiple communication channels was critical in relaying the information to all our stakeholders, patients, referring physicians, and the radiology workforce. Teamwork, quick adoption, and adaptation of changing strategies was important given the fluidity of the situation."}, {"pmid": 32326671, "title": "Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation.", "journal": "Asian Spine J", "authors": ["Sornsa-Ard, Tuanrit", "Niramitsantiphong, Anugoon", "Liawrungrueang, Wongthawat"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326671", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus outbreak was labeled a pandemic by the World Health Organization in 2020. Patients who require spine surgery should receive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) screening to prevent nosocomial cross-infection before surgery. However, spine fracture and spinal injury are critical and serious, and there are no standard protocols for management. This article aims to propose a treatment algorithm for the management of traumatic spine fracture during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32420621, "title": "Successful prevention and screening strategies for COVID-19: focus on patients with haematologic diseases.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Cho, Sung-Yeon", "Park, Sung-Soo", "Lee, Ji-Young", "Kim, Hee-Je", "Kim, Yoo-Jin", "Min, Chang-Ki", "Cho, Bin", "Lee, Dong-Gun", "Kim, Dong-Wook"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420621", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444293, "pmcid": "PMC7211648", "title": "Respiratory protection among healthcare workers during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ruetzler, Kurt", "Smereka, Jacek", "Ludwin, Kobi", "Drozd, Anna", "Szarpak, Lukasz"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198184, "title": "Covid-19: medical students to be employed by NHS as part of epidemic response.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198184", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32132140, "pmcid": "PMC7133384", "title": "Proposal for prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease in newborn infants.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed", "authors": ["Li, Fang", "Feng, Zhi Chun", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485542, "pmcid": "PMC7250760", "title": "Healthcare simulation to prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Andreae, M H", "Dudak, A", "Cherian, V", "Dhar, P", "Dalal, P G", "Po, W", "Pilipovic, M", "Shah, B", "Hazard, W", "Dl, Rodgers", "Eh, Sinz"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485542", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463543, "title": "Management of Heart Failure Patients with COVID-19. A Joint Position Paper of the Chinese Heart Failure Association & National Heart Failure Committee and the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Zhang, Yuhui", "Stewart Coats, Andrew J", "Zheng, Zhe", "Adamo, Marianna", "Ambrosio, Giuseppe", "Anker, Stefan D", "Butler, Javed", "Xu, Dingli", "Mao, Jingyuan", "Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb", "Bai, Ling", "Mebazaa, Alexandre", "Ponikowski, Piotr", "Tang, Qizhu", "Ruschitzka, Frank", "Seferovic, Petar", "Tschope, Carsten", "Zhang, Shuyang", "Gao, Chuanyu", "Zhou, Shenghua", "Senni, Michele", "Zhang, Jian", "Metra, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463543", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is causing considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Multiple reports have suggested that patients with heart failure (HF) are at a higher risk of severe disease and mortality with COVID-19. Moreover, evaluating and treating HF patients with comorbid COVID-19 represents a formidable clinical challenge as symptoms of both conditions may overlap and they may potentiate each other. Limited data exist regarding comprehensive management of HF patients with concomitant COVID-19. Since these issues pose serious new challenges for clinicians worldwide, HF specialists must develop a structured approach to the care of patients with COVID-19 and be included early in the care of these patients. Therefore, the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology and Chinese Heart Failure Association & National Heart Failure Committee conducted web-based meetings to discuss these unique clinical challenges and reach a consensus opinion to help providers worldwide deliver better patient care. The main objective of this position paper is to outline the management of HF patients with concomitant COVID-19 based on the available data and personal experiences of physicians from Asia, Europe and United States. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32504046, "title": "Implications of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection for SARS-CoV-2 countermeasures.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Eroshenko, Nikolai", "Gill, Taylor", "Keaveney, Marianna K", "Church, George M", "Trevejo, Jose M", "Rajaniemi, Hannu"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504046", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389538, "pmcid": "PMC7196417", "title": "Surgical tracheostomies in COVID-19 patients: A multidisciplinary approach and lessons learned.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Broderick, Damian", "Kyzas, Panayiotis", "Baldwin, Andrew J", "Graham, Richard M", "Duncan, Tracy", "Chaintoutis, Christos", "Boultoukas, Evangelos", "Vassiliou, Leandros"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Surgical tracheostomies have a role in the weaning process of COVID-19 patients treated in intensive care units. A multidisciplinary team approach (MDT) is required for decision making. This process is augmented by specific standard operating practices implemented by senior clinicians. Here, we report on our early experience and outcomes with open tracheostomies in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. We outline the criteria that guide decision making and explore the challenges faced by our intensive care colleagues in the management of these patients. The cohort was 100% male with 90% of them having a raised Body Mass Index (BMI) and other comorbidities (hypertension and diabetes). 60% have been decannulated and have been stepped down the intensive care unit. We recorded no surgical complications or adverse events. The service to date has been shown to be effective, safe, largely reproducible and reflective."}, {"pmid": 32405421, "pmcid": "PMC7213073", "title": "A review of the safety of favipiravir - a potential treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "J Virus Erad", "authors": ["Pilkington, Victoria", "Pepperrell, Toby", "Hill, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405421", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Repurposing broad-spectrum antivirals is an immediate treatment opportunity for 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Favipiravir is an antiviral previously indicated for influenza and Ebola, which has shown some promise in early trials for treatment of COVID-19. We aim to review existing favipiravir safety evidence, which is vital to informing the potential future use of favipiravir in COVID-19. A search was conducted across EMBASE and MEDLINE databases, supplemented by relevant grey-literature and ClinicalTrials.gov. All studies assessing the use of favipiravir in humans by 27 March 2020 were considered for inclusion. Further analysis of available safety data from phase 2 and 3 studies was undertaken. Data extracted were adverse events (AEs) grade 1-4, serious AEs and discontinuation for AEs. Specific AEs of interest highlighted in early-phase studies, including gastrointestinal AEs and hyperuricaemia, were also examined. Twenty-nine studies were identified as potential sources of evidence of the clinical safety of favipiravir. Six were phase 2 and 3 studies reporting relevant safety data for statistical comparison, representing a total of 4299 participants, an estimated 175 person-years-of-follow-up (PYFU). Comparator drugs were oseltamivir, umifenovir, lopinavir/ritonavir or placebo. Study follow-up was between 5 and 21 days. The proportions of grade 1-4 AEs on favipiravir was 28.2% vs 28.4% (P\u00a0=\u00a0n.s.) in the comparison arms. The proportion of discontinuations due to AEs on favipiravir was 1.1% vs 1.2% (P\u00a0=\u00a0n.s.) in the comparison arms. For serious AEs the proportion was 0.4% in both arms (P\u00a0=\u00a0n.s.). There were significantly fewer gastrointestinal AEs occurring on favipiravir vs comparators [8.7% vs 11.5%; P\u00a0=\u00a00.003]. Favipiravir showed significantly more uric acid elevations than comparators [5.8% vs 1.3%; P<0.0001]. Favipiravir demonstrates a favourable safety profile regarding total and serious AEs. However, safety concerns remain: hyperuricaemia, teratogenicity and QTc prolongation have not yet been adequately studied. Favipiravir may be safe and tolerable in short-term use, but more evidence is needed to assess the longer-term effects of treatment. Given the limitations of the evidence and unresolved safety concerns, caution is warranted in the widespread use of favipiravir against pandemic COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32217986, "pmcid": "PMC7199770", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus and awareness.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217986", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367887, "title": "Association of gynecological endoscopy surgeons of Nigeria (AGES) advisory on laparoscopic and hysteroscopic procedures during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Niger J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Alabi, O C", "Okohue, J E", "Adewole, A A", "Ikechebelu, J I"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367887", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) is a global public health concern. Although there is a paucity of evidence to advise on the best practice, we recommend postponement of elective gynecological endoscopic surgeries until the pandemic is contained. Emergency surgeries should preferably be done through open surgeries than laparoscopy or hysteroscopy approach. However, if or when laparoscopy or hysteroscopy is considered, health personnel in theatre must wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and all standard precautions should be observed to prevent COVID-19 infection. When COVID-19 is highly suspected or confirmed, the patient should be referred to centers equipped in taking care of such cases."}, {"pmid": 32373392, "pmcid": "PMC7198185", "title": "Recommendations for prevention and management of COVID-19 in peritoneal dialysis patients.", "journal": "Chronic Dis Transl Med", "authors": ["Lai, Xue-Li", "Wang, Hai-Yan", "Guo, Zhi-Yong"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393482, "title": "Open Development and Clinical Validation Of Multiple 3D-Printed Nasopharyngeal Collection Swabs: Rapid Resolution of a Critical COVID-19 Testing Bottleneck.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Callahan, Cody J", "Lee, Rose", "Zulauf, Katelyn E", "Tamburello, Lauren", "Smith, Kenneth P", "Previtera, Joe", "Cheng, Annie", "Green, Alex", "Azim, Ahmed Abdul", "Yano, Amanda", "Doraiswami, Nancy", "Kirby, James E", "Arnaout, Ramy A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393482", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused a severe international shortage of the nasopharyngeal swabs that are required for collection of optimal specimens, creating a critical bottleneck blocking clinical laboratories' ability to perform high-sensitivity virological testing for SARS-CoV-2. To address this crisis, we designed and executed an innovative, cooperative, rapid-response translational-research program that brought together healthcare workers, manufacturers, and scientists to emergently develop and clinically validate new swabs for immediate mass production by 3D printing. We performed a multi-step preclinical evaluation on 160 swab designs and 48 materials from 24 companies, laboratories, and individuals, and shared results and other feedback via a public data repository (http://github.com/rarnaout/Covidswab/) We validated four prototypes through an institutional review board (IRB)-approved clinical trial that involved 276 outpatient volunteers who presented to our hospital's drive-through testing center with symptoms suspicious for COVID-19. Each participant was swabbed with a reference swab (the control) and a prototype, and SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results were compared. All prototypes displayed excellent concordance with the control (\u03ba=0.85-0.89). Cycle-threshold (Ct) values were not significantly different between each prototype and the control, supporting the new swabs' non-inferiority (Mann-Whitney U [MWU] p>0.05). Study staff preferred one of the prototypes over the others and the control swab overall. The total time elapsed between identification of the problem and validation of the first prototype was 22 days. Contact information for ordering can be found at http://printedswabs.org Our experience holds lessons for the rapid development, validation, and deployment of new technology for this pandemic and beyond."}, {"pmid": 32281897, "title": "The management of biologics in dermatologic patients in the 2019-nCoV era.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Plachouri, Kerasia-Maria", "Georgiou, Sophia"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281897", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501333, "pmcid": "PMC7255115", "title": "New Zealand's success.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Klein, Alice"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501333", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The country is tantalisingly close to wiping out covid-19. Does that mean life there can go back to normal? Alice Klein reports."}, {"pmid": 32290905, "pmcid": "PMC7160442", "title": "A hundred days into the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Steffens, Ines"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290905", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390696, "pmcid": "PMC7205709", "title": "On the brighter side of COVID-19 induced Lockdown: Devising the collateral methods to provide Ayurveda consultation during impasse.", "journal": "J Ayurveda Integr Med", "authors": ["Rastogi, Sanjeev", "Singh, Neelendra", "Pandey, Preeti"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390696", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent measures to mitigate it have presented the world with certain unprecedented situations. Lockdown with effective closure of all services including routine health care services has tested the nerves of health care providers for finding novel ways of providing services without getting into the risk of exposure. Telemedicine had been an ideal option for such situations allowing all channels of communication that leverage Information Technology platforms, including voice, audio, text and digital data exchange as a help to diagnosis, prescription and follow up evaluation. Unfortunately this versatility of Telemedicine as a patient -physician interface could not be harnessed well for its technical complexities and unpreparedness of institutions and individuals. Smartphone based video calling using whatsapp messenger has been proposed as a feasible Telemedicine application to provide outpatient services in this scenario. A pilot run of outpatient services during lockdown period through whatsapp facilitated video calling at Ayurveda Gathiya Clinic, State Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Lucknow has shown a way forward of running such services with a mass appeal, ease of operation and high interface gratification among users and service providers. Within its limitations related to the quality and quantity of information sought, this comes as a viable method of patient -physician interfacing during the phase of lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32329591, "title": "Covid-19 and child disabilities: whom to protect and how.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Trabacca, Antonio", "Russo, Luigi"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329591", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439915, "pmcid": "PMC7242178", "title": "Downregulation of ACE2 induces overstimulation of the renin-angiotensin system in COVID-19: should we block the renin-angiotensin system?", "journal": "Hypertens Res", "authors": ["Silhol, Francois", "Sarlon, Gabrielle", "Deharo, Jean-Claude", "Vaisse, Bernard"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439915", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497642, "pmcid": "PMC7262527", "title": "COVID-19 Disruption in Cardiothoracic Surgical Training: An Opportunity to Enhance Education.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Fuller, Stephanie", "Vaporciyan, Ara", "Dearani, Joseph A", "Stulak, John M", "Romano, Jennifer C"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497642", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32035030, "pmcid": "PMC7129673", "title": "The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kang, Lijun", "Li, Yi", "Hu, Shaohua", "Chen, Min", "Yang, Can", "Yang, Bing Xiang", "Wang, Ying", "Hu, Jianbo", "Lai, Jianbo", "Ma, Xiancang", "Chen, Jun", "Guan, Lili", "Wang, Gaohua", "Ma, Hong", "Liu, Zhongchun"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035030", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251716, "pmcid": "PMC7129715", "title": "What is the role of rheumatologists in the era of COVID-19?", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Marotto, Daniela", "Sarzi-Puttini, Piercarlo"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251716", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471856, "title": "Introductions and early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the New York City area.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana S", "Hernandez, Matthew M", "Sullivan, Mitchell J", "Ciferri, Brianne", "Alshammary, Hala", "Obla, Ajay", "Fabre, Shelcie", "Kleiner, Giulio", "Polanco, Jose", "Khan, Zenab", "Alburquerque, Bremy", "van de Guchte, Adriana", "Dutta, Jayeeta", "Francoeur, Nancy", "Melo, Betsaida Salom", "Oussenko, Irina", "Deikus, Gintaras", "Soto, Juan", "Sridhar, Shwetha Hara", "Wang, Ying-Chih", "Twyman, Kathryn", "Kasarskis, Andrew", "Altman, Deena R", "Smith, Melissa", "Sebra, Robert", "Aberg, Judith", "Krammer, Florian", "Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo", "Luksza, Marta", "Patel, Gopi", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto", "Gitman, Melissa", "Sordillo, Emilia Mia", "Simon, Viviana", "van Bakel, Harm"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471856", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New York City (NYC) has emerged as one of the epicenters of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. To identify the early transmission events underlying the rapid spread of the virus in the NYC metropolitan area, we sequenced the virus causing COVID-19 in patients seeking care at the Mount Sinai Health System. Phylogenetic analysis of 84 distinct SARS-CoV2 genomes indicates multiple, independent but isolated introductions mainly from Europe and other parts of the United States. Moreover, we find evidence for community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 as suggested by clusters of related viruses found in patients living in different neighborhoods of the city."}, {"pmid": 32366502, "title": "COVID-19: Coronavirus replication, pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Bergmann, Cornelia C", "Silverman, Robert H"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366502", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32148740, "pmcid": "PMC7046369", "title": "Challenges and responsibilities of family doctors in the new global coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Fam Med Community Health", "authors": ["Li, Donald Kwok Tung"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32148740", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414743, "title": "Procalcitonin for patient stratification and identification of bacterial co-infection in COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Han, Jennie", "Gatheral, Timothy", "Williams, Craig"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414743", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483687, "pmcid": "PMC7262683", "title": "The neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a review article.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Niazkar, Hamid Reza", "Zibaee, Behdad", "Nasimi, Ali", "Bahri, Narjes"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483687", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Various neurological manifestations have been reported in the literature associated with COVID-19, which in the current study are classified into Central Nervous System (CNS) related manifestations including headache, dizziness, impaired consciousness, acute cerebrovascular disease, epilepsy, and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) related manifestations such as hyposmia/anosmia, hypogeusia/ageusia, muscle pain, and Guillain-Barre syndrome. During the current context of COVID-19 pandemic, physicians should be aware of wide spectrum of neurological COVID-19 sign and symptoms for early diagnosis and isolation of patients. In this regard, COVID-19 has been associated with many neurological manifestations such as confusion, anosmia, and ageusia. Also, various evidences support the possible CNS roles in the COVID-19 pathophysiology. In this regard, further investigation of CNS involvement of SARS-COV-2 is suggested."}, {"pmid": 32390654, "pmcid": "PMC7205708", "title": "COVID-19 and careers: On the futility of generational explanations.", "journal": "J Vocat Behav", "authors": ["Rudolph, Cort W", "Zacher, Hannes"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390654", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is common to broadly group people of different ages into \"generations\" and to speak of distinctions between such groups in terms of \"generational differences.\" The problem with this practice, is that there exists no credible scientific evidence that (a) generations exist, (b) that people can be reliably classified into generational groups, and (c) that there are demonstrable differences between such groups. We have already noted an emerging generationalized rhetoric that has characterized how people of different ages have been affected by and reacted to the COVID-19 pandemic. These narratives have been especially present in discussions of how work and careers will be affected by this crisis. In this essay, we outline problems with applying the concept of generations, especially for researchers seeking explanations for how COVID-19 will affect careers and career development. We urge researchers to eschew the notion of generations and generational differences and consider alternative lifespan development theoretical frameworks that better capture age-graded processes."}, {"pmid": 32527617, "pmcid": "PMC7253973", "title": "Tracking the Genomic Footprints of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission.", "journal": "Trends Genet", "authors": ["Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527617", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is considerable public and scientific interest in the origin, spread, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Lu et al. recently conducted genomic sequencing and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Guangdong, revealing its early transmission out of Hubei and shedding light on the effectiveness of controlling local transmission chains."}, {"pmid": 32274341, "pmcid": "PMC7132021", "title": "Characteristics and Mechanism of Liver Injury in 2019 Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "J Clin Transl Hepatol", "authors": ["Li, Jie", "Fan, Jian-Gao"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274341", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (2019 coronavirus disease, COVID-19) since December 2019, from Wuhan, China, has been posing a significant threat to global human health. The clinical features and outcomes of Chinese patients with COVID-19 have been widely reported. Increasing evidence has witnessed the frequent incident liver injury in COVID-19 patients, and it is often manifested as transient elevation of serum aminotransferases; however, the patients seldom have liver failure and obvious intrahepatic cholestasis, unless pre-existing advanced liver disease was present. The underlying mechanisms of liver injury in cases of COVID-19 might include psychological stress, systemic inflammation response, drug toxicity, and progression of pre-existing liver diseases. However, there is insufficient evidence for SARS-CoV-2 infected hepatocytes or virus-related liver injury in COVID-19 at present. The clinical, pathological and laboratory characteristics as well as underlying pathophysiology and etiology of liver injury in COVID-19 remain largely unclear. In this review, we highlight these important issues based on the recent developments in the field, for optimizing the management and treatment of liver injury in Chinese patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32527955, "title": "COVID-19 in patients with sickle cell disease - a case series from a UK Tertiary Hospital.", "journal": "Haematologica", "authors": ["Chakravorty, Subarna", "Padmore-Payne, Giselle", "Ike, Fester", "Tshibangu, Virginia", "Graham, Charlotte", "Rees, David", "Stuart-Smith, Sara"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527955", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447777, "title": "Modifications of emergency dental clinic protocols to combat COVID-19 transmission.", "journal": "Spec Care Dentist", "authors": ["Long, Robert Hollinshead", "Ward, Tyrous David", "Pruett, Michael Edward", "Coleman, John Finklea", "Plaisance, Marc Charles Jr"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, incidence rates for dental diseases will continue unabated. However, the intent to prevent the spread of this lethal respiratory disease will likely lead to reduced treatment access due to restrictions on population movements. These changes have the potential to increase dental-related emergency department visits and subsequently contribute to greater viral transmission. Moreover, dentists experience unique challenges with preventing transmission due to frequent aerosol-producing procedures. This paper presents reviews and protocols implemented by directors and residents at the Dental College of Georgia to manage a dental emergency clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. The methods presented include committee-based prioritization of dental patients, a multilayered screening process, team rotations with social and temporal spacing, and modified treatment room protocols. These efforts aid in the reduction of viral transmission, conservation of personal protective equipment, and expand provider availability. These protocols transcend a university and hospital-based models and are applicable to private and corporate models."}, {"pmid": 32527056, "title": "Preparedness and Preventive Behaviors for a Pandemic Disaster Caused by COVID-19 in Serbia.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Cvetkovic, Vladimir M", "Nikolic, Neda", "Radovanovic Nenadic, Una", "Ocal, Adem", "K Noji, Eric", "Zecevic, Miodrag"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527056", "countries": ["China", "Serbia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The disease was first detected in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province, in December 2019 and has since spread globally, especially to Europe and North America, resulting in the ongoing global coronavirus pandemic disaster of 2019-2020. Although most cases have mild symptoms, there is some progression to viral pneumonia and multi-organ failure and death. More than 4.6 million cases have been registered across 216 countries and territories as of 19 April 2020, resulting in more than 311,000 deaths. Risk to communities with continued widespread disease transmission depends on characteristics of the virus, including how well it spreads between people; the severity of resulting illness; and the medical or other measures available to control the impact of the virus (for example, vaccines or medications that can treat the illness) and the relative success of these. In the absence of vaccines or medications, non-pharmaceutical interventions were the most important response strategy based on community interventions such as person-to-person distancing, mask-wearing, isolation and good personal hygiene (hand-washing)-all of which have been demonstrated can reduce the impact of this seemingly unstoppable globally spreading natural disaster. This paper presents the results of quantitative research regarding the level of citizen preparedness for disasters caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Serbia. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire that was requested and then collected online among 975 respondents during disaster in April 2020. The questionnaire examined citizens' basic socio-economic and demographic characteristics, their knowledge, preparedness, risk perception and preventive measures taken individually and as a community to prevent the death and widespread transmission of novel coronavirus disease 2019 in the Republic of Serbia. Based on the findings that there are major differences in the public's perception of risks posed by communicable disease threats such as presented by COVID-19, emergency management agencies should use these differences to develop targeted strategies to enhance community and national preparedness by promoting behavioral change and improving risk management decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32404495, "title": "Cash, currency and COVID-19.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Pal, Rimesh", "Bhadada, Sanjay K"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404495", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32132521, "pmcid": "PMC7075079", "title": "The Effects of Social Support on Sleep Quality of Medical Staff Treating Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Xiao, Han", "Zhang, Yan", "Kong, Desheng", "Li, Shiyue", "Yang, Ningxi"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132521", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan City, China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a multivariate analysis method to determine the structural relationship between measured variables. This observational study aimed to use SEM to determine the effects of social support on sleep quality and function of medical staff who treated patients with COVID-19 in January and February 2020 in Wuhan, China. MATERIAL AND METHODS A one-month cross-sectional observational study included 180 medical staff who treated patients with COVID-19 infection. Levels of anxiety, self-efficacy, stress, sleep quality, and social support were measured using the and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction (SASR) questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS), respectively. Pearson's correlation analysis and SEM identified the interactions between these factors. RESULTS Levels of social support for medical staff were significantly associated with self-efficacy and sleep quality and negatively associated with the degree of anxiety and stress. Levels of anxiety were significantly associated with the levels of stress, which negatively impacted self-efficacy and sleep quality. Anxiety, stress, and self-efficacy were mediating variables associated with social support and sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS SEM showed that medical staff in China who were treating patients with COVID-19 infection during January and February 2020 had levels of anxiety, stress, and self-efficacy that were dependent on sleep quality and social support."}, {"pmid": 32235433, "pmcid": "PMC7177854", "title": "Corona Virus (COVID-19) \"Infodemic\" and Emerging Issues through a Data Lens: The Case of China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Hua, Jinling", "Shaw, Rajib"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235433", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a humanitarian emergency, which started in Wuhan in China in early December 2019, brought into the notice of the authorities in late December, early January 2020, and, after investigation, was declared as an emergency in the third week of January 2020. The WHO declared this as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 31th of January 2020, and finally a pandemic on 11th March 2020. As of March 24th, 2020, the virus has caused a casualty of over 16,600 people worldwide with more than 380,000 people confirmed as infected by it, of which more than 10,000 cases are serious. Mainly based on Chinese newspapers, social media and other digital platform data, this paper analyzes the timeline of the key actions taken by the government and people over three months in five different phases. It found that although there was an initial delay in responding, a unique combination of strong governance, strict regulation, strong community vigilance and citizen participation, and wise use of big data and digital technologies, were some of the key factors in China's efforts to combat this virus. Being inviable and non-measurable (unlike radioactive exposure), appropriate and timely information is very important to form the basic foundation of mitigation and curative measures. Infodemic, as it is termed by WHO, is a key word, where different stakeholder's participation, along with stricter regulation, is required to reduce the impact of fake news in this information age and social media. Although different countries will need different approaches, focusing on its humanitarian nature and addressing infodemic issues are the two critical factors for future global mitigation efforts."}, {"pmid": 32532755, "title": "Saving the Diabetic Foot During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tale of Two Cities.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Shin, Laura", "Bowling, Frank L", "Armstrong, David G", "Boulton, Andrew J M"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Of all the late complications of diabetes, those involving the foot have traditionally required more face-to-face patient visits to clinics to treat wounds by debridement, offloading, and many other treatment modalities. The advent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted not only in the closing of most outpatient clinics for face-to-face consultations but also in the inability to perform most laboratory and imaging investigations. This has resulted in a paradigm shift in the delivery of care for those with diabetic foot ulcers. The approaches to this challenge in two centers with an interest in diabetic foot disease, including virtual consultations using physician-to-patient and physician-to-home nurse telemedicine as well as home podiatry visits, are described in this review and are illustrated by several case vignettes. The outcomes from these two centers suggest that we may be witnessing new possibilities in models of care for the diabetic foot."}, {"pmid": 32292815, "pmcid": "PMC7102574", "title": "Base protocol for real time active random surveillance of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) - Adapting veterinary methodology to public health.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Foddai, Alessandro", "Lubroth, Juan", "Ellis-Iversen, Johanne"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292815", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of new coronavirus disease COVID-19 is threatening our health, economy and life style. Collaborations across countries and sectors as a One Health World could be a milestone. We propose a general protocol, for setting timely active random surveillance of COVID-19, at the human community level, with systematic repeated detection efforts. Strengths and limitations are discussed. If considered applicable by public health, the protocol could evaluate the status of COVID-19 epidemics consistently and objectively."}, {"pmid": 32498653, "title": "Letter to the Editor: Assessing the Long-Term Potential of Relaxing Regulations: Should We Go Back to Business as Usual?", "journal": "J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A", "authors": ["Jabbour, Nicolas", "Carlis, Avital", "Orthopoulos, Georgios"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498653", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in reallocation of health care resources and removal of barriers to deliver expedited care to those in need. This might be a unique moment in history to reconsider the regulations within our health care system that significantly increase its cost."}, {"pmid": 32501512, "title": "In Reply: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Global Pandemic: A Neurosurgical Treatment Algorithm.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Burke, John F", "Chan, Andrew K", "Mummaneni, Valli", "Chou, Dean", "Lobo, Errol P", "Berger, Mitchel S", "Theodosopoulos, Philip", "Mummaneni, Praveen V"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501512", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453494, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Presence in seminal fluid: myth or reality.", "journal": "Andrology", "authors": ["Paoli, Donatella", "Pallotti, Francesco", "Turriziani, Ombretta", "Mazzuti, Laura", "Antonelli, Guido", "Lenzi, Andrea", "Lombardo, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453494", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Great concerns have been raised on SARS-CoV-2 impact on men's andrological well-being and one of the critically unanswered questions is whether it is present or not in the seminal fluid of infected subjects. The expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the testis and in the male genital tract allows speculations about a possible testicular involvement during the infection, possibly mediated by local and/or systemic inflammation that might allow a high viral load to overcome the haemato-testicular barrier. To date, few investigations have been carried out to ascertain the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the seminal fluid with contrasting results. Furthermore, the cumulative number of subjects is far too low to answer the question unambiguously. Therefore, great caution is still needed when evaluating this data, otherwise we risk unleashing unmotivated concerns in the scientific world with troublesome consequences in reproductive medicine."}, {"pmid": 32233067, "pmcid": "PMC7228396", "title": "COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Gandolfini, Ilaria", "Delsante, Marco", "Fiaccadori, Enrico", "Zaza, Gianluigi", "Manenti, Lucio", "Degli Antoni, Anna", "Peruzzi, Licia", "Riella, Leonardo V", "Cravedi, Paolo", "Maggiore, Umberto"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233067", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525378, "title": "Implementing an emotional support and mental health response plan for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Miotto, Karen", "Sanford, Jesse", "Brymer, Melissa J", "Bursch, Brenda", "Pynoos, Robert S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525378", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Institutions across the world are working to develop initiatives aimed at supporting the well-being of healthcare workers (HCWs) facing the psychological impacts of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This Commentary identifies risks that HCWs are experiencing, reviews sources of fear and stress, and describes the implementation of a three-tiered model for the provision of emotional support and mental health services for clinical and nonclinical HCWs. The model recognizes the fluid, ever-evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and includes proactive, visible, and easy-to-access supportive psychological services that expand the safety net and help address immediate and future mental health challenges of HCWs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32507557, "title": "[Recommendations for a gradual and controlled resumption of electroconvulsive therapy in France during the period of lifting of the containment and of the COVID-19 pandemic linked to SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Sauvaget, A", "Dumont, R", "Bukowski, N", "Bonnot, O", "Auffret, R", "Poulet, E", "Szekely, D", "Quiles, C", "Yrondi, A", "Plaze, M", "de Carvalho, W", "Amad, A", "Bulteau, S"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507557", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19\u00a0pandemic has had major consequences for the organization of care. In France and around the world, centers practicing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have seen their activity decrease, or even stop for many reasons. In this context, maintaining or resuming this essential therapeutic activity for many patients suffering from psychiatric disorders requires material, human and logistical adaptations that should be supervised. The objective of this collective and national work is to offer simple recommendations that can be applied immediately by any healthcare establishment, public or private, practicing ECT. They are the result of feedback from multiprofessional and inter-establishment experiences. Declined in three stages, these recommendations are accompanied by a practical sheet which describes in detail the necessary conditions and prerequisites for any resumption of ECT activity."}, {"pmid": 32327321, "pmcid": "PMC7164886", "title": "Development of a telehealth geriatric assessment model in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Geriatr Oncol", "authors": ["DiGiovanni, Grace", "Mousaw, Kathryn", "Lloyd, Terri", "Dukelow, Nancy", "Fitzgerald, Bryan", "D'Aurizio, Heidi", "Loh, Kah Poh", "Mohile, Supriya", "Ramsdale, Erika", "Maggiore, Ronald", "Zittel, Jason", "Kadambi, Sindhuja", "Magnuson, Allison"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327321", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468834, "title": "Relative Limited Impact of COVID-19 on Diabetes: A Personal View.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["de Galan, Bastiaan E"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468834", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32194290, "pmcid": "PMC7111105", "title": "Social Capital and Sleep Quality in Individuals Who Self-Isolated for 14 Days During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in January 2020 in China.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Xiao, Han", "Zhang, Yan", "Kong, Desheng", "Li, Shiyue", "Yang, Ningxi"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194290", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND From the end of December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began to spread in central China. Social capital is a measure of social trust, belonging, and participation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of social capital on sleep quality and the mechanisms involved in people who self-isolated at home for 14 days in January 2020 during the COVID-19 epidemic in central China. MATERIAL AND METHODS Individuals (n=170) who self-isolated at home for 14 days in central China, completed self-reported questionnaires on the third day of isolation. Individual social capital was assessed using the Personal Social Capital Scale 16 (PSCI-16) questionnaire. Anxiety was assessed using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) questionnaire, stress was assessed using the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction (SASR) questionnaire, and sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Path analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between a dependent variable (social capital) and two or more independent variables, using Pearson's correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). RESULTS Low levels of social capital were associated with increased levels of anxiety and stress, but increased levels of social capital were positively associated with increased quality of sleep. Anxiety was associated with stress and reduced sleep quality, and the combination of anxiety and stress reduced the positive effects of social capital on sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS During a period of individual self-isolation during the COVID-19 virus epidemic in central China, increased social capital improved sleep quality by reducing anxiety and stress."}, {"pmid": 32377017, "pmcid": "PMC7201910", "title": "Author Correction: Management of IBD during the COVID-19 outbreak: resetting clinical priorities.", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Danese, Silvio", "Cecconi, Maurizio", "Spinelli, Antonino"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377017", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32432787, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 identification in lungs, heart and kidney specimens by transmission and scanning electron microscopy.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Pesaresi, M", "Pirani, F", "Tagliabracci, A", "Valsecchi, M", "Procopio, A D", "Busardo, F P", "Graciotti, L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432787", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From two COVID-19-related deaths, samples of lung, heart and kidney were collected and processed for Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM and SEM) with the aim of identifying the virus. Virions of SARS-CoV-2 were found in all tissues by TEM and SEM, corroborating the hypothesis that the virus enters the cells of different organs. This is the first report identifying SARS-CoV-2 in different human tissues by TEM and SEM."}, {"pmid": 32240580, "title": "Thinking Globally, Acting Locally - The U.S. Response to Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Haffajee, Rebecca L", "Mello, Michelle M"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240580", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32132184, "pmcid": "PMC7164635", "title": "Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Yan, Renhong", "Zhang, Yuanyuan", "Li, Yaning", "Xia, Lu", "Guo, Yingying", "Zhou, Qiang"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132184", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the cellular receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that is causing the serious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of full-length human ACE2 in the presence of the neutral amino acid transporter B0AT1 with or without the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the surface spike glycoprotein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2, both at an overall resolution of 2.9 angstroms, with a local resolution of 3.5 angstroms at the ACE2-RBD interface. The ACE2-B0AT1 complex is assembled as a dimer of heterodimers, with the collectrin-like domain of ACE2 mediating homodimerization. The RBD is recognized by the extracellular peptidase domain of ACE2 mainly through polar residues. These findings provide important insights into the molecular basis for coronavirus recognition and infection."}, {"pmid": 32523929, "pmcid": "PMC7279902", "title": "Respiratory Distress in SARS-CoV-2 without Lung Damage: Phrenic Paralysis Should Be Considered in COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Maurier, Francois", "Godbert, Benoit", "Perrin, Julie"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523929", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe an overweight COVID-19 patient with respiratory distress preceded by anosmia/dysgeusia with no lung injury shown on CT, angio-CT or ventilation/perfusion scans. Orthopnoea and paradoxical abdominal respiration were identified. Phrenic paralysis, demonstrated by examination of patient breathing, and on x-ray while standing breathing in and out, explained the respiratory distress. This is a rare and previously undescribed neurological complication of COVID-19 infection caused by vagus nerve injury. Phrenic paralysis must be kept in mind as a rare neurological complication of COVID-19.Vagus nerve palsy is a neurological manifestation as anosmia and dysgeusia, that were already identified in the olfactory system of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32405277, "pmcid": "PMC7219380", "title": "Emerging from the other end: Key measures for a successful COVID-19 lockdown exit strategy and the potential contribution of pharmacists.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Dawoud, Dalia"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405277", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world edges towards relaxing the lockdown measures taken to control the spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), governments have started putting in place a variety of measures to avoid a second peak in the number of infections. The implementation of and adherence to such measures will be key components of any successful lockdown exit strategy. Ranging from expanded testing and widespread use of technology to building the public's trust in the post COVID-19 world, there is a role for pharmacists to play. In this commentary, these measures and the potential contribution of pharmacists to their successful implementation are outlined and discussed."}, {"pmid": 32344058, "pmcid": "PMC7195012", "title": "COVID-19 diagnostic process in mainland China: The math beyond pneumonia.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Wu, Feng", "Huang, Weishan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344058", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291260, "title": "Covid-19: Nine in 10 pregnant women with infection when admitted for delivery are asymptomatic, small study finds.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mayor, Susan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291260", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334052, "pmcid": "PMC7175911", "title": "Repurposing the mucolytic cough suppressant and TMPRSS2 protease inhibitor bromhexine for the prevention and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Maggio, Roberto", "Corsini, Giovanni U"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334052", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505623, "title": "Masks and medical care: Two keys to Taiwan's success in preventing COVID-19 spread.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yi-Fong Su, Vincent", "Yen, Yung-Feng", "Yang, Kuang-Yao", "Su, Wei-Juin", "Chou, Kun-Ta", "Chen, Yuh-Min", "Perng, Diahn-Warng"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505623", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319114, "pmcid": "PMC7264606", "title": "Public health, health systems and palliation planning for COVID-19 on an exponential timeline.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["MacIntyre, C Raina", "Heslop, David J"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319114", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312569, "pmcid": "PMC7151450", "title": "Sustainable response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the operating theatre: we need more than just personal protective equipment.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Cheung, Emmanuel H L", "Chan, Tom C W", "Wong, Jaclyn W M", "Law, Man-Shun"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312569", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399455, "pmcid": "PMC7213824", "title": "Tocilizumab in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia and Concomitant Cytokine Release Syndrome.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["van Kraaij, Tom DA", "Mostard, Remy Lm", "Ramiro, Sofia", "Magro Checa, Cesar", "van Dongen, Christel Mp", "van Haren, Eric Hj", "Buijs, Jacqueline", "Landewe, Robert Bm"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399455", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Younger patients with COVID-19 may experience an exaggerated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and develop cytokine release syndrome (CRS), which may be life threatening. There is no proven antiviral therapy for COVID-19 so far, but profound immunosuppression has recently been suggested as a treatment for COVID-19-associated CRS. We present a case of life-threatening CRS caused by COVID-19 infection with a favourable response to immunosuppressive therapy with tocilizumab (TCZ). The rapid clinical and biochemical improvement following TCZ administration suggests that treatment with immunotherapy can be life-saving in selected patients with COVID-19-induced CRS. Cytokine release syndrome may cause sudden and potentially life-threatening clinical deterioration in COVID-19 pneumonia, particularly in younger patients.Immunosuppressive therapy may provide important additional therapeutic benefit in these patients.Tocilizumab, a specific IL-6 inhibitor, led to dramatic clinical improvement in a young patient with severe COVID-19-associated cytokine release syndrome."}, {"pmid": 32407516, "pmcid": "PMC7239113", "title": "Response to letter to the editor: \"Lung Ultrasound early detection and monitoring in Covid-19 Pneumonia: fact and fiction\".", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Ji, Li", "Cao, Chunyan", "Li, Yuman", "Xie, Mingxing"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479246, "title": "Mesenchymal Stem Cell-based Therapy for COVID-19: Possibility and Potential.", "journal": "Curr Stem Cell Res Ther", "authors": ["Xiong, Jing", "Bao, Lei", "Qi, Hongbo", "Feng, Zhichun", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479246", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged in Wuhan, China since the end of December 2019 and has quickly spread all over the world in a matter of two months. To date, no specific treatment has been proven to be effective for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). With the rapid increase of infected patients and deaths, it is urgent to explore an effective treatment for COVID-19. Current studies suggest that there exists cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2-infected patient, some of the patients will develop to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction, even death. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the property of immunomodulation. Given the previous preclinical and clinical studies, MSCs therapy has been shown safety and efficacy in the treatment of respiratory failure or ARDS. Based on similar principles, MSCs therapy may also be an effective therapy in the treatment of COVID-19. In this study, we summarized the clinical outcomes of MSCs for ARDS patients in some preclinical and clinical studies, and discussed the application of MSCs for patients with COVID-19 in China and the related important issues with MSCs use during the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32305585, "pmcid": "PMC7162794", "title": "Practical diagnosis and treatment of suspected venous thromboembolism during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord", "authors": ["Obi, Andrea T", "Barnes, Geoff D", "Wakefield, Thomas W", "Brown, Sandra", "Eliason, Jonathon L", "Arndt, Erika", "Henke, Peter K"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305585", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A markedly increased demand for vascular ultrasound laboratory and other imaging studies in COVID-19-positive patients has occurred, due to most of these patients having a markedly elevated D-dimer and a presumed prothrombotic state in many of the very ill patients. In the present report, we have summarized a broad institutional consensus focusing on evaluation and recommended empirical therapy for COVID-19-positive patients. We recommend following the algorithms with the idea that as more data becomes available these algorithms may well change."}, {"pmid": 32379639, "pmcid": "PMC7152923", "title": "Herbal medicine for treatment of children diagnosed with COVID-19: A review of guidelines.", "journal": "Complement Ther Clin Pract", "authors": ["Ang, Lin", "Lee, Hye Won", "Kim, Anna", "Lee, Ju Ah", "Zhang, Junhua", "Lee, Myeong Soo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379639", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review aimed to summarize and analyze the pattern identification (PI), herbal formulae, and composition of herbs provided by recent guidelines for the treatment of pediatric COVID-19. Seven data sources were reviewed until March 25, 2020. We analyzed the herbal formulae included in the guidelines and performed a network analysis to identify the frequency of herbs recommended in the herbal formulae. All 3 guidelines were provincial guidelines from China. Our results showed that there were 4 stages, 12 PIs, and 13 herbal formulae recommended by the provincial guidelines. These herbal formulae included a total of 56 herbs. Based on our network analysis, Scutellariae Radix was paired with Artemisiae Annuae Herba in one cluster. In another cluster, Armeniacae Semen was paired with Coicis Semen and Ephedrae Herba was paired with Gypsum Fibrosum. This review serves as a reference for the use of traditional medicine in the treatment of pediatric COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32353760, "pmcid": "PMC7195328", "title": "Comparison of the Panther Fusion and a laboratory-developed test targeting the envelope gene for detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Hogan, Catherine A", "Sahoo, Malaya K", "Huang, ChunHong", "Garamani, Natasha", "Stevens, Bryan", "Zehnder, James", "Pinsky, Benjamin A"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353760", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Numerous nucleic acid amplification assays have recently received emergency use authorization (EUA) for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and there is a need to assess their test performance relative to one another. The aim of this study was to compare the test performance of the Hologic Panther Fusion SARS-CoV-2 assay targeting two regions of open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab) to a high complexity molecular-based, laboratory-developed EUA from Stanford Health Care (SHC) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) gene. We performed a diagnostic comparison study by testing nasopharyngeal samples on the two assays. Assay agreement was assessed by overall percent agreement and Cohen's kappa coefficient. A total of 184 nasopharyngeal samples were tested using the two assays, of which 180 showed valid results and were included for the comparative analysis. Overall percent agreement between the assays was 98.3 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 95.2-99.7) and kappa coefficient was 0.97 (95 % CI 0.93-1.0). One sample was detected on the SHC laboratory developed test (LDT) and not on the Panther Fusion, and had a Ct of 35.9. Conversely, 2 samples were detected on the Panther Fusion and not on the LDT, and had Ct values of 37.2 and 36.6. The Panther Fusion SARS-CoV-2 assay and the SHC LDT perform similarly on clinical nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Other considerations, including reagent availability, turnaround time, labor requirements, cost and instrument throughput should guide the decision of which assay to perform."}, {"pmid": 32398569, "title": "COVID-19 in Children, Pregnancy and Neonates: A Review of Epidemiologic and Clinical Features.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Zimmermann, Petra", "Curtis, Nigel"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398569", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has spread rapidly across the globe. In contrast to initial reports, recent studies suggest that children are just as likely as adults to become infected with the virus but have fewer symptoms and less severe disease. In this review, we summarize the epidemiologic and clinical features of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 reported in pediatric case series to date. We also summarize the perinatal outcomes of neonates born to women infected with SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy. We found 11 case series including a total of 333 infants and children. Overall, 83% of the children had a positive contact history, mostly with family members. The incubation period varied between 2 and 25 days with a mean of 7 days. The virus could be isolated from nasopharyngeal secretions for up to 22 days and from stool for more than 30 days. Co-infections were reported in up to 79% of children (mainly mycoplasma and influenza). Up to 35% of children were asymptomatic. The most common symptoms were cough (48%; range 19%-100%), fever (42%; 11%-100%) and pharyngitis (30%; 11%-100%). Further symptoms were nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, tachypnoea, wheezing, diarrhea, vomiting, headache and fatigue. Laboratory test parameters were only minimally altered. Radiologic findings were unspecific and included unilateral or bilateral infiltrates with, in some cases, ground-glass opacities or consolidation with a surrounding halo sign. Children rarely needed admission to intensive care units (3%), and to date, only a small number of deaths have been reported in children globally. Nine case series and 2 case reports described outcomes of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy in 65 women and 67 neonates. Two mothers (3%) were admitted to intensive care unit. Fetal distress was reported in 30% of pregnancies. Thirty-seven percent of women delivered preterm. Neonatal complications included respiratory distress or pneumonia (18%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (3%), asphyxia (2%) and 2 perinatal deaths. Four neonates (3 with pneumonia) have been reported to be SARS-CoV-2 positive despite strict infection control and prevention procedures during delivery and separation of mother and neonates, meaning vertical transmission could not be excluded."}, {"pmid": 32386567, "pmcid": "PMC7252156", "title": "Bariatric and metabolic surgery during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: DSS recommendations for management of surgical candidates and postoperative patients and prioritisation of access to surgery.", "journal": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "authors": ["Rubino, Francesco", "Cohen, Ricardo V", "Mingrone, Geltrude", "le Roux, Carel W", "Mechanick, Jeffrey I", "Arterburn, David E", "Vidal, Josep", "Alberti, George", "Amiel, Stephanie A", "Batterham, Rachel L", "Bornstein, Stefan", "Chamseddine, Ghassan", "Del Prato, Stefano", "Dixon, John B", "Eckel, Robert H", "Hopkins, David", "McGowan, Barbara M", "Pan, An", "Patel, Ameet", "Pattou, Francois", "Schauer, Philip R", "Zimmet, Paul Z", "Cummings, David E"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386567", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is wreaking havoc on society, especially health-care systems, including disrupting bariatric and metabolic surgery. The current limitations on accessibility to non-urgent care undermine postoperative monitoring of patients who have undergone such operations. Furthermore, like most elective surgery, new bariatric and metabolic procedures are being postponed worldwide during the pandemic. When the outbreak abates, a backlog of people seeking these operations will exist. Hence, surgical candidates face prolonged delays of beneficial treatment. Because of the progressive nature of obesity and diabetes, delaying surgery increases risks for morbidity and mortality, thus requiring strategies to mitigate harm. The risk of harm, however, varies among patients, depending on the type and severity of their comorbidities. A triaging strategy is therefore needed. The traditional weight-centric patient-selection criteria do not favour cases based on actual clinical needs. In this Personal View, experts from the Diabetes Surgery Summit consensus conference series provide guidance for the management of patients while surgery is delayed and for postoperative surveillance. We also offer a strategy to prioritise bariatric and metabolic surgery candidates on the basis of the diseases that are most likely to be ameliorated postoperatively. Although our system will be particularly germane in the immediate future, it also provides a framework for long-term clinically meaningful prioritisation."}, {"pmid": 32400099, "pmcid": "PMC7272986", "title": "Novel Corona Virus 2019 pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Namazee, Najmeh", "Mahmoudi, Hilda", "Afzal, Payman", "Ghaffari, Sina"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400099", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading worldwide and the impact of the disease in transplant patients is evolving. In this case report, we presented a 63-year-old female kidney transplant recipient who presented with dyspnea and cough and was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. On the fourth day of admission, the patient's condition worsened. Therefore, the immunosuppressive medications were discontinued, and hydrocortisone was started. The patient died on the fifth day."}, {"pmid": 32285862, "title": "From the handling of an outbreak by an unknown pathogen in Wuhan to the preparedness and response in the face of the emergence of Covid-19 in Mexico.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Lopez-Ortiz, Eduardo", "Lopez-Ortiz, Geovani", "Mendiola-Pastrana, Indira R", "Mazon-Ramirez, Juan J", "Diaz-Quinonez, Jose A"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285862", "countries": ["China", "Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the Chinese health authorities informed the international community, through the mechanisms established by the World Health Organization (WHO), of a pneumonia epidemic of unknown etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The first cases were reported early in that month and were linked to a history of having visited a market where food and live animals are sold. On January 7, 2020, isolation and identification of the culprit pathogen was achieved using next-generation sequencing, while the number of affected subjects continued to rise. The publication of full-genomes of the newly identified coronavirus (initially called 2019-nCoV, now called SARS-CoV2) in public and private databases, of standardized diagnostic protocols and of the clinical-epidemiological information generated will allow addressing the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), declared on January 30 by the WHO. With this document, we intend to contribute to the characterization of the pneumonia epidemic, now designated coronavirus disease (Covid-19) review the strengths Mexico has in the global health concert and invite health professionals to join the preparedness and response activities in the face of this emergency."}, {"pmid": 32516817, "title": "A Survey of Labor and Delivery Practices in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Pena, Juan A", "Bianco, Angela T", "Simpson, Lynn L", "Bernstein, Peter S", "Roman, Ashley S", "Goffman, Dena", "Schweizer, William E", "Overbey, Jessica", "Stone, Joanne L"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516817", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, a novel coronavirus, precisely severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), that causes the disease novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a worldwide pandemic. Over a million cases have been confirmed in the United States. As of May 5, 2020, New York State has had over 300,000 cases and 24,000 deaths with more than half of the cases and deaths occurring in New York City (NYC). Little is known, however, of how this virus impacts pregnancy. Given this lack of data and the risk for severe disease in this relatively immunocompromised population, further understanding of the obstetrical management of COVID-19, as well as hospital level preparation for its control, is crucial. Guidance has come from expert opinion, professional societies and public health agencies, but to date, there is no report on how obstetrical practices have adapted these recommendations to their local situations. We therefore developed an internet-based survey to elucidate the practices put into place to guide the care of obstetrical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed obstetrical leaders in four academic medical centers in NYC who were implementing and testing protocols at the height of the pandemic. We found that all sites made changes to their practices, and that there appeared to be agreement with screening and testing for COVID-19, as well as labor and delivery protocols, for SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. We found less consensus with respect to inpatient antepartum fetal surveillance. We hope that this experience is useful to other centers as they formulate their plans to face this pandemic. KEY POINTS: \u00b7 Practices changed to accommodate public health needs.. \u00b7 Most practices are screened for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on admission.. \u00b7 Fetal testing in COVID-19 patients varied.."}, {"pmid": 32463001, "title": "Pflegeforschung zu COVID-19: Aus den Versaumnissen der Vergangenheit fur die Zukunft lernen.", "journal": "Pflege", "authors": ["Balzer, Katrin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463001", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32094225, "pmcid": "PMC7152756", "title": "The antiviral compound remdesivir potently inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.", "journal": "J Biol Chem", "authors": ["Gordon, Calvin J", "Tchesnokov, Egor P", "Feng, Joy Y", "Porter, Danielle P", "Gotte, Matthias"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32094225", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Antiviral drugs for managing infections with human coronaviruses are not yet approved, posing a serious challenge to current global efforts aimed at containing the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (CoV-2). Remdesivir (RDV) is an investigational compound with a broad spectrum of antiviral activities against RNA viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). RDV is a nucleotide analog inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps). Here, we co-expressed the MERS-CoV nonstructural proteins nsp5, nsp7, nsp8, and nsp12 (RdRp) in insect cells as a part a polyprotein to study the mechanism of inhibition of MERS-CoV RdRp by RDV. We initially demonstrated that nsp8 and nsp12 form an active complex. The triphosphate form of the inhibitor (RDV-TP) competes with its natural counterpart ATP. Of note, the selectivity value for RDV-TP obtained here with a steady-state approach suggests that it is more efficiently incorporated than ATP and two other nucleotide analogs. Once incorporated at position i, the inhibitor caused RNA synthesis arrest at position i + 3. Hence, the likely mechanism of action is delayed RNA chain termination. The additional three nucleotides may protect the inhibitor from excision by the viral 3'-5' exonuclease activity. Together, these results help to explain the high potency of RDV against RNA viruses in cell-based assays."}, {"pmid": 32462990, "title": "COVID-19 complicated by pulmonary embolism treated with catheter directed thrombectomy.", "journal": "Vasa", "authors": ["Galastri, Francisco Leonardo", "Valle, Leonardo Guedes Moreira", "Affonso, Breno Boueri", "Silva, Marcela Juliano", "Garcia, Rodrigo Gobbo", "Junior, Milton Rodrigues", "Ferraz, Leonardo Jose Rolim", "de Matos, Gustavo Faissol Janot", "de la Cruz Scarin, Farah Christina", "Nasser, Felipe"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462990", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": " COVID-19 is a recently identified illness that is associated with thromboembolic events. We report a case of pulmonary embolism in a patient with COVID-19, treated by catheter directed thrombectomy. A 57\u00a0year old patient presented to the emergency center with severe COVID-19 symptoms and developed massive pulmonary embolism. The patient was treated with catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) and recovered completely. Coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 is present in all severe cases and is a dynamic process. We describe a case of massive/high risk pulmonary embolism, in a patient with COVID-19 receiving full anticoagulation, who was treated by percutaneous intervention. CDT can be an additional therapeutic option in patients with COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism that present with rapid clinical collapse."}, {"pmid": 32374901, "pmcid": "PMC7267624", "title": "Infection control measures of a Taiwanese hospital to confront the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Kaohsiung J Med Sci", "authors": ["Chang, Ya-Ting", "Lin, Chun-Yu", "Tsai, Ming-Ju", "Hung, Ching-Tzu", "Hsu, Chia-Wen", "Lu, Po-Liang", "Hou, Ming-Feng"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374901", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization announced the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic on 12 March 2020. Although being in proximity to China, the original epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak, Taiwan has maintained a low number of COVID-19 cases despite its close social ties and heavy traffic between Taiwan and China. Containment strategies executed by the Taiwanese government have attracted global attention. Similarly, in-hospital settings, high alertness and swift responses to the changing outbreak situation are necessary to ensure hospital staff members' safety so they can continue to save patients' lives. Herein, we present infection control measures that can be adopted in hospital settings that were executed in a Taiwanese hospital to confront the COVID-19 pandemic, including emergency preparedness and responses from the hospital administration, education, surveillance, patient flow arrangement, the partition of hospital zones, and the prevention of a systemic shutdown by using the \"divided cabin, divided flow\" strategy. The measures implemented by a Taiwan hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic may not be universally applicable in every hospital. Nonetheless, the presented infection control methods have been practically executed and can be referenced or modified to fit each hospital's unique condition."}, {"pmid": 32505516, "title": "Loneliness and Isolation in Long-term Care and the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Simard, Joyce", "Volicer, Ladislav"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425638, "pmcid": "PMC7231497", "title": "Reducing mortality and morbidity in patients with severe COVID-19 disease by advancing ongoing trials of Mesenchymal Stromal (stem) Cell (MSC) therapy - Achieving global consensus and visibility for cellular host-directed therapies.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zumla, Alimuddin", "Wang, Fu-Sheng", "Chang, Chao", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Petrosillo, Nicola", "Agrati, Chiara", "Azhar, Esam I", "El-Kafrawy, Sherif A", "Osman, Mohamed", "Zitvogel, Laurence", "Galle, Peter R", "Locatelli, Franco", "Gorman, Ellen", "O'Kane, Cecilia", "McAuley, Danny", "Cordon-Cardo, Carlos", "Maeurer, Markus"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425638", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of May 17th 2020, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused 307,395 deaths worldwide, out of 3,917,366 cases reported to the World Health Organization. No specific treatments for reducing mortality or morbidity are yet available. Deaths from COVID-19 will continue to rise globally until effective and appropriate treatments and/or vaccines are found. In search of effective treatments, the global medical, scientific, pharma and funding communities have rapidly initiated over 500 COVID-19 clinical trials on a range of antiviral drug regimens and repurposed drugs in various combinations. A paradigm shift is underway from the current focus of drug development targeting the pathogen, to advancing cellular Host-Directed Therapies (HDTs) for tackling the aberrant host immune and inflammatory responses which underlie the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and high COVID-19 mortality rates. We focus this editorial specifically on the background to, and the rationale for, the use and evaluation of mesenchymal stromal (Stem) cells (MSCs) in treatment trials of patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Currently, the ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP) report a combined 28 trials exploring the potential of MSCs or their products for treatment of COVID-19. MSCs should also be trialed for treatment of other circulating WHO priority Blueprint pathogens such as MERS-CoV which causes upto 34% mortality rates. It's about time funding agencies invested more into development MSCs per se, and also for a range of other HDTs, in combination with other therapeutic interventions. MSC therapy could turn out to be an important contribution to bringing an end to the high COVID-19 death rates and preventing long-term functional disability in those who survive disease."}, {"pmid": 32468083, "title": "Recognizing and supporting morally injured ICU professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Kok, Niek", "Hoedemaekers, Astrid", "van der Hoeven, Hans", "Zegers, Marieke", "van Gurp, Jelle"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468083", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525578, "title": "When do you say it's SARS-CoV-2-associated diarrhea?", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Aguila, Enrik John T", "Cua, Ian Homer Y", "Dumagpi, Joseph Erwin L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525578", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307952, "title": "[COVID-19 - 2019].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Shoenfeld, Yehuda"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307952", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32124000, "pmcid": "PMC7087729", "title": "Stepping up infection control measures in ophthalmology during the novel coronavirus outbreak: an experience from Hong Kong.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Lai, Tracy H T", "Tang, Emily W H", "Chau, Sandy K Y", "Fung, Kitty S C", "Li, Kenneth K W"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32124000", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly emerged as a global health threat. The purpose of this article is to share our local experience of stepping up infection control measures in ophthalmology to minimise COVID-19 infection of both healthcare workers and patients. Infection control measures implemented in our ophthalmology clinic are discussed. The measures are based on detailed risk assessment by both local ophthalmologists and infection control experts. A three-level hierarchy of control measures was adopted. First, for administrative control, in order to lower patient attendance, text messages with\u00a0an enquiry phone\u00a0number were sent to patients to reschedule appointments or arrange drug refill. In order to minimise cross-infection of COVID-19, a triage system was set up to identify patients with fever, respiratory symptoms, acute conjunctivitis or recent travel to outbreak areas and to encourage these individuals to postpone their appointments for at least 14\u00a0days. Micro-aerosol generating procedures, such as non-contact tonometry and operations under general anaesthesia were avoided. Nasal endoscopy was avoided as it may provoke sneezing and cause generation of droplets. All elective clinical services were suspended. Infection control training was provided to all clinical staff. Second, for environmental control, to reduce droplet transmission of COVID-19, installation of protective shields on slit lamps, frequent disinfection of equipment, and provision of eye protection to staff were implemented. All staff were advised to measure their own body temperatures before work and promptly report any symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, vomiting or diarrhoea. Third, universal masking, hand hygiene, and appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) were promoted. We hope our initial experience in stepping up infection control measures for COVID-19 infection in ophthalmology can help ophthalmologists globally to prepare for the potential community outbreak or pandemic. In order to minimise transmission of COVID-19, ophthalmologists should work closely with local infection control teams to implement infection control measures that are appropriate for their own clinical settings."}, {"pmid": 32272113, "pmcid": "PMC7194599", "title": "Management of Patients with Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of an International Meeting.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Rubin, David T", "Abreu, Maria T", "Rai, Victoria", "Siegel, Corey A"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272113", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391665, "title": "[Clinical analysis of suspected COVID-19 patients with anxiety and depression].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Li, Xin", "Dai, Tian", "Wang, Hong", "Shi, Junnian", "Yuan, Wei", "Li, Jing", "Chen, Lijun", "Zhang, Tianming", "Zhang, Shanshan", "Kong, Yan", "Yue, Ning", "Shi, Hui", "He, Yuping", "Hu, Huifang", "Liu, Furong", "Yang, Caixia"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391665", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the risk factors of anxiety and depression in patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) so as to achieve early intervention and better clinical prognosis. Seventy-six patients with suspected COVID-19 in fever isolation wards of Second Hospital of Lanzhou University were enrolled From January 31, 2020 to February 22, 2020. Their clinical baseline data were collected. The anxiety of patients was assessed by Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the depression of patients was assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors of anxiety and depression in these patients. Female patients are more likely to have anxiety (OR=3.206, 95%CI: 1.073-9.583, P<0.05) and depression (OR=9.111, 95%CI: 2.143-38.729, P<0.01) than male patients; patients with known contact history of epidemic area and personnel in epidemic area are more likely to have depression (OR=3.267, 95%CI: 1.082-9.597, P<0.05). During the isolation treatment of suspected COVID-19 patients, early psychological intervention should be carried out for the female patients with known contact history of epidemic area and personnel in epidemic area, and drug treatment should be given in advance if necessary."}, {"pmid": 32386986, "pmcid": "PMC7252130", "title": "Arterial and venous thromboembolic disease in a patient with COVID-19: A case report.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Bruggemann, Renee", "Gietema, Hester", "Jallah, Borefore", "Ten Cate, Hugo", "Stehouwer, Coen", "Spaetgens, Bart"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386986", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268622, "title": "[Prevention and control of novel coronavirus infection in department of stomatology].", "journal": "Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Z Y", "Meng, L Y"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268622", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During a short period of time, the COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus and first reported by the end of the year 2019 in China, has spread rapidly to many countries and regions outside China. The number of confirmed cases and deaths continued to rise. World Health Organization announced that the outbreaks of the novel coronavirus infection have constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Efficient infection control can prevent the virus from further spreading, which may make the pandemic situation under control. Due to the specialty of oral healthcare settings, the risk of cross infection is severe among patients and oral healthcare workers. It's urgent to implement more strict and efficient infection control protocols. This article, based on existing guidelines and published researches pertinent to dental infection-control principles and practices, mainly discusses epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 and the features of nosocomial infection in oral healthcare settings, and furthermore provides recommendations on patient's evaluation, and infection control protocols in departments of stomatology under current circumstance."}, {"pmid": 32220236, "pmcid": "PMC7100442", "title": "Familial cluster of COVID-19 infection from an asymptomatic.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Zhang, Jinjun", "Tian, Sijia", "Lou, Jing", "Chen, Yuguo"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220236", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385444, "title": "Dental student creates coronavirus e-book for children.", "journal": "Br Dent J", "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385444", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32391852, "title": "COVID-19 and Health Equity-A New Kind of \"Herd Immunity\".", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Williams, David R", "Cooper, Lisa A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352445, "title": "Coronavirus and dermatology: a resident's perspective.", "journal": "Cutis", "authors": ["Greenberg, Sophie A"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352445", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405074, "pmcid": "PMC7219376", "title": "Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 virus invading the human placenta using electron microscopy.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Algarroba, Gabriela N", "Rekawek, Patricia", "Vahanian, Sevan A", "Khullar, Poonam", "Palaia, Thomas", "Peltier, Morgan R", "Chavez, Martin R", "Vintzileos, Anthony M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405074", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518342, "title": "Women join Italy's all-male coronavirus task force.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Abramo, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518342", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401845, "title": "Physical Activity And Reducing Sedentary Behavior During The Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Pitanga, Francisco Jose Gondim", "Beck, Carmem Cristina", "Pitanga, Cristiano Penas Seara"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401845", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416120, "pmcid": "PMC7235575", "title": "Is DPP4 inhibition a comrade or adversary in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Dalan, Rinkoo"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416120", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hypertension and Diabetes are the most common comorbid conditions in patients with COVID-19 and has been shown to adversely impact prognosis globally. It has been shown that hyperglycemia is one of the factors that increases the risk of poor outcomes in these patients. These patients are usually on multiple medications and recently a series of discussion on how Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) may be beneficial in these patients has been presented. This commentary presents a nuanced debateon why the DPP4i may not bebeneficial in COVID-19 and that caution needs to be addressed in making any judgementsuntil real world data is available."}, {"pmid": 32398378, "title": "Get rid of the bad first: Therapeutic plasma exchange with convalescent plasma for severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Kesici, Selman", "Yavuz, Sinan", "Bayrakci, Benan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398378", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376700, "pmcid": "PMC7203454", "title": "Detecting and Monitoring Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus, an Underresearched Betacoronavirus.", "journal": "mSphere", "authors": ["Mora-Diaz, Juan Carlos", "Magtoto, Ronaldo", "Houston, Elizabeth", "Baum, David", "Carrillo-Avila, Jose Antonio", "Temeeyasen, Gun", "Zimmerman, Jeff", "Pineyro, Pablo", "Gimenez-Lirola, Luis"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376700", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Members of family Coronaviridae cause a variety of diseases in birds and mammals. Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), a lesser-researched coronavirus, can infect naive pigs of any age, but clinical disease is observed in pigs \u22644 weeks of age. No commercial PHEV vaccines are available, and neonatal protection from PHEV-associated disease is presumably dependent on lactogenic immunity. Although subclinical PHEV infections are thought to be common, PHEV ecology in commercial swine herds is unknown. To begin to address this gap in knowledge, a serum IgG antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the S1 protein was developed and evaluated on known-status samples and then used to estimate PHEV seroprevalence in U.S. sow herds. Assessment of the diagnostic performance of the PHEV S1 ELISA using serum samples (n\u2009=\u2009924) collected from 7-week-old pigs (n\u2009=\u200984; 12 pigs per group) inoculated with PHEV, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine respiratory coronavirus, or porcine deltacoronavirus showed that a sample-to-positive cutoff value of \u22650.6 was both sensitive and specific, i.e., all PHEV-inoculated pigs were seropositive from days postinoculation 10 to 42, and no cross-reactivity was observed in samples from other groups. The PHEV S1 ELISA was then used to estimate PHEV seroprevalence in U.S. sow herds (19 states) using 2,756 serum samples from breeding females (>28\u2009weeks old) on commercial farms (n\u2009=\u2009104) with no history of PHEV-associated disease. The overall seroprevalence was 53.35% (confidence interval [CI], \u00b11.86%) and herd seroprevalence was 96.15% (CI, \u00b13.70%).IMPORTANCE There is a paucity of information concerning the ecology of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) in commercial swine herds. This study provided evidence that PHEV infection is endemic and highly prevalent in U.S. swine herds. These results raised questions for future studies regarding the impact of endemic PHEV on swine health and the mechanisms by which this virus circulates in endemically infected populations. Regardless, the availability of the validated PHEV S1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) provides the means for swine producers to detect and monitor PHEV infections, confirm prior exposure to the virus, and to evaluate the immune status of breeding herds."}, {"pmid": 32444350, "title": "What the NHS is learning from the British army in the covid-19 crisis.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Watts, Geoff", "Wilkinson, Emma"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444350", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511245, "title": "A unifying structural and functional model of the coronavirus replication organelle: Tracking down RNA synthesis.", "journal": "PLoS Biol", "authors": ["Snijder, Eric J", "Limpens, Ronald W A L", "de Wilde, Adriaan H", "de Jong, Anja W M", "Zevenhoven-Dobbe, Jessika C", "Maier, Helena J", "Faas, Frank F G A", "Koster, Abraham J", "Barcena, Montserrat"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511245", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Zoonotic coronavirus (CoV) infections, such as those responsible for the current severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, cause grave international public health concern. In infected cells, the CoV RNA-synthesizing machinery associates with modified endoplasmic reticulum membranes that are transformed into the viral replication organelle (RO). Although double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) appear to be a pan-CoV RO element, studies to date describe an assortment of additional CoV-induced membrane structures. Despite much speculation, it remains unclear which RO element(s) accommodate viral RNA synthesis. Here we provide detailed 2D and 3D analyses of CoV ROs and show that diverse CoVs essentially induce the same membrane modifications, including the small open double-membrane spherules (DMSs) previously thought to be restricted to gamma- and delta-CoV infections and proposed as sites of replication. Metabolic labeling of newly synthesized viral RNA followed by quantitative electron microscopy (EM) autoradiography revealed abundant viral RNA synthesis associated with DMVs in cells infected with the beta-CoVs Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV and the gamma-CoV infectious bronchitis virus. RNA synthesis could not be linked to DMSs or any other cellular or virus-induced structure. Our results provide a unifying model of the CoV RO and clearly establish DMVs as the central hub for viral RNA synthesis and a potential drug target in CoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32339700, "pmcid": "PMC7195284", "title": "Recommendations for phototherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Lim, Henry W", "Feldman, Steven R", "Van Voorhees, Abby S", "Gelfand, Joel M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310918, "title": "[ANMCO Position paper: Guidance for the management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients requiring urgent electrophysiological procedures].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Gulizia, Michele Massimo", "Zecchin, Massimo", "Colivicchi, Furio", "Francese, Giuseppina Maura", "Murrone, Adriano", "Caldarola, Pasquale", "Di Lenarda, Andrea", "Valente, Serafina", "Roncon, Loris", "Amodeo, Enzo", "Aspromonte, Nadia", "Cipriani, Manlio Gianni", "Domenicucci, Stefano", "Imazio, Massimo", "Scotto Di Uccio, Fortunato", "Urbinati, Stefano", "Gabrielli, Domenico"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310918", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361460, "pmcid": "PMC7187824", "title": "Effects of temperature and humidity on the daily new cases and new deaths of COVID-19 in 166 countries.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Wu, Yu", "Jing, Wenzhan", "Liu, Jue", "Ma, Qiuyue", "Yuan, Jie", "Wang, Yaping", "Du, Min", "Liu, Min"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361460", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our time and the greatest challenge facing the world. Meteorological parameters are reportedly crucial factors affecting respiratory infectious disease epidemics; however, the effect of meteorological parameters on COVID-19 remains controversial. This study investigated the effects of temperature and relative humidity on daily new cases and daily new deaths of COVID-19, which has useful implications for policymakers and the public. Daily data on meteorological conditions, new cases and new deaths of COVID-19 were collected for 166 countries (excluding China) as of March 27, 2020. Log-linear generalized additive model was used to analyze the effects of temperature and relative humidity on daily new cases and daily new deaths of COVID-19, with potential confounders controlled for, including wind speed, median age of the national population, Global Health Security Index, Human Development Index and population density. Our findings revealed that temperature and relative humidity were both negatively related to daily new cases and deaths. A 1\u00a0\u00b0C increase in temperature was associated with a 3.08% (95% CI: 1.53%, 4.63%) reduction in daily new cases and a 1.19% (95% CI: 0.44%, 1.95%) reduction in daily new deaths, whereas a 1% increase in relative humidity was associated with a 0.85% (95% CI: 0.51%, 1.19%) reduction in daily new cases and a 0.51% (95% CI: 0.34%, 0.67%) reduction in daily new deaths. The results remained robust when different lag structures and the sensitivity analysis were used. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic may be partially suppressed with temperature and humidity increases. However, active measures must be taken to control the source of infection, block transmission and prevent further spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32232433, "pmcid": "PMC7110919", "title": "Characteristics of Ocular Findings of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China.", "journal": "JAMA Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Wu, Ping", "Duan, Fang", "Luo, Chunhua", "Liu, Qiang", "Qu, Xingguang", "Liang, Liang", "Wu, Kaili"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232433", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in more than 100\u202f000 infected individuals in China and worldwide, there are few reports on the association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with ocular abnormalities. Understanding ocular manifestations of patients with COVID-19 by ophthalmologists and others may facilitate the diagnosis and prevention of transmission of the disease. To investigate ocular manifestations and viral prevalence in the conjunctiva of patients with COVID-19. In this case series, patients with COVID-19 treated from February 9 to 15, 2020, at a hospital center in Hubei province, China, were retrospectively reviewed for ocular manifestations. During the period of treatment, the ocular signs and symptoms as well as results of blood tests and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from nasopharyngeal and conjunctival swabs for SARS-CoV-2 were noted and analyzed. Ocular signs and symptoms as well as results of blood tests and RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. Of the 38 included patients with clinically confirmed COVID-19, 25 (65.8%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 65.8 (16.6) years. Among them, 28 patients (73.7%) had positive findings for COVID-19 on RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs, and of these, 2 patients (5.2%) yielded positive findings for SARS-CoV-2 in their conjunctival as well as nasopharyngeal specimens. A total of 12 of 38 patients (31.6%; 95% CI, 17.5-48.7) had ocular manifestations consistent with conjunctivitis, including conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis, epiphora, or increased secretions. By univariate analysis, patients with ocular symptoms were more likely to have higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts and higher levels of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase than patients without ocular symptoms. In addition, 11 of 12 patients with ocular abnormalities (91.7%; 95% CI, 61.5-99.8) had positive results for SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs. Of these, 2 (16.7%) had positive results for SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR from both conjunctival and nasopharyngeal swabs. In this study, one-third of patients with COVID-19 had ocular abnormalities, which frequently occurred in patients with more severe COVID-19. Although there is a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in tears, it is possible to transmit via the eyes."}, {"pmid": 32532029, "title": "The Emergence of Risk Communication Networks and the Development of Citizen Health-Related Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Selection and Contagion Processes.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Lim, Seunghoo", "Nakazato, Hiromi"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532029", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amid the novel coronavirus pandemic, a variety of public health strategies have been implemented by governments worldwide. However, the fact that strict government mandates focus on physical distancing does not mean that social connectedness for voluntary risk communication among citizens should be sacrificed. Furthermore, we lack an understanding of citizens' behaviors regarding the voluntary adoption of public health measures and the control of mental wellbeing in the age of physical distancing. Key variables in the response to the global pandemic are the emergence of risk deliberation networks, voluntary compliance with government guidelines, and the restoration of citizens' subjective health. However, little is known about how citizens' health-related behaviors coevolve with social connections for sharing information and discussing urgent pandemic issues. The findings show that selection and social influence mechanisms coexist by affecting each citizen's health-related behaviors and community-led risk discourses in the face of the urgent health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32380564, "title": "Caring for Pregnant Patients with COVID-19: Practical Tips Getting from Policy to Practice.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["London, Viktoriya", "McLaren, Rodney Jr", "Stein, Janet", "Atallah, Fouad", "Fisher, Nelli", "Haberman, Shoshana", "McCalla, Sandra", "Minkoff, Howard"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380564", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic with most American cases in New York. As an institution residing in a high-prevalence zip code, with over 8,000 births annually, we have cared for over 80 COVID-19-infected pregnant women, and have encountered many challenges in applying new national standards for care. In this article, we review how to change outpatient and inpatient practices, develop, and disseminate new hospital protocols, and we highlight the psychosocial challenges for pregnant patients and their providers. KEY POINTS: \u00b7 Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) information rapidly changes.. \u00b7 Multidisciplinary communication is key.. \u00b7 This study addresses psychosocial challenges.."}, {"pmid": 32416788, "pmcid": "PMC7255339", "title": "Global coordination on cross-border travel and trade measures crucial to COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Lee, Kelley", "Worsnop, Catherine Z", "Grepin, Karen A", "Kamradt-Scott, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416788", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247322, "pmcid": "PMC7270863", "title": "Medical student involvement in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247322", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376395, "pmcid": "PMC7200134", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with systemic autoimmune diseases.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Emmi, Giacomo", "Bettiol, Alessandra", "Mattioli, Irene", "Silvestri, Elena", "Di Scala, Gerardo", "Urban, Maria Letizia", "Vaglio, Augusto", "Prisco, Domenico"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376395", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of clinically overt SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) among patients with systemic autoimmune diseases residing in Tuscany, and to compare it with that observed in the general Tuscan population. In this cross-sectional study, Tuscan outpatients with systemic autoimmune diseases followed at a tertiary referral centre were telephonically interviewed between April 1st-14th 2020 to collect demographic and clinical data, information on ongoing immunomodulating/immunosuppressive treatments, and on the presence of symptoms suspected of SARS-CoV-2 or of a confirmed infection. 458 patients were interviewed [74% female, median age 56\u00a0years (IQR 43-68)]; 56% of them were receiving corticosteroids, 44% traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), of whom 23% hydroxychloroquine, 5% colchicine, while 41% were on biologic DMARDs (of whom 9% on tocilizumab). Thirteen patients reported symptoms suggesting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of them, 7 had undergone nasopharyngeal swab and only one was positive and developed severe SARS-CoV-2 complications. Within our cohort, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was therefore 0.22% (0.01-1.21%), comparable to that observed in the general population of Tuscany [0.20% (0.20-0.21%), p\u00a0=\u00a0.597]. Patients with systemic autoimmune diseases do not seem to carry an increased risk of SARS- CoV-2 infection as compared to the general population."}, {"pmid": 32452739, "pmcid": "PMC7251624", "title": "Airborne Aerosol Generation During Endonasal Procedures in the Era of COVID-19: Risks and Recommendations.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Workman, Alan D", "Jafari, Aria", "Welling, D Bradley", "Varvares, Mark A", "Gray, Stacey T", "Holbrook, Eric H", "Scangas, George A", "Xiao, Roy", "Carter, Bob S", "Curry, William T", "Bleier, Benjamin S"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452739", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the era of SARS-CoV-2, the risk of infectious airborne aerosol generation during otolaryngologic procedures has been an area of increasing concern. The objective of this investigation was to quantify airborne aerosol production under clinical and surgical conditions and examine efficacy of mask mitigation strategies. Prospective quantification of airborne aerosol generation during surgical and clinical simulation. Cadaver laboratory and clinical examination room. Airborne aerosol quantification with an optical particle sizer was performed in real time during cadaveric simulated endoscopic surgical conditions, including hand instrumentation, microdebrider use, high-speed drilling, and cautery. Aerosol sampling was additionally performed in simulated clinical and diagnostic settings. All clinical and surgical procedures were evaluated for propensity for significant airborne aerosol generation. Hand instrumentation and microdebridement did not produce detectable airborne aerosols in the range of 1 to 10 \u03bcm. Suction drilling at 12,000 rpm, high-speed drilling (4-mm diamond or cutting burs) at 70,000 rpm, and transnasal cautery generated significant airborne aerosols (P < .001). In clinical simulations, nasal endoscopy (P < .05), speech (P < .01), and sneezing (P < .01) generated 1- to 10-\u03bcm airborne aerosols. Significant aerosol escape was seen even with utilization of a standard surgical mask (P < .05). Intact and VENT-modified (valved endoscopy of the nose and throat) N95 respirator use prevented significant airborne aerosol spread. Transnasal drill and cautery use is associated with significant airborne particulate matter production in the range of 1 to 10 \u03bcm under surgical conditions. During simulated clinical activity, airborne aerosol generation was seen during nasal endoscopy, speech, and sneezing. Intact or VENT-modified N95 respirators mitigated airborne aerosol transmission, while standard surgical masks did not."}, {"pmid": 32217104, "pmcid": "PMC7270586", "title": "Inside China and COVID-19: Questions and answers.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jiang, Rongmeng"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217104", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498097, "title": "Coagulopathy in COVID-19 and Its Implication for Safe and Efficacious Thromboprophylaxis.", "journal": "Hamostaseologie", "authors": ["Langer, Florian", "Kluge, Stefan", "Klamroth, Robert", "Oldenburg, Johannes"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498097", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is causing a global pandemic of life-threatening multiorgan disease, called COVID-19. Accumulating evidence indicates that patients with COVID-19 are at significant risk of thromboembolic complications, mainly affecting the venous, but also the arterial vascular system. While the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) appears to be higher in patients requiring intensive care unit support compared to those admitted to general wards, recent autopsy findings and data on the timing of VTE diagnosis relative to hospitalization clearly suggest that thromboembolic events also contribute to morbidity and mortality in the ambulatory setting. In addition to a severe hypercoagulable state caused by systemic inflammation and viral endotheliitis, some patients with advanced COVID-19 may develop a coagulopathy, which meets established laboratory criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation, but is not typically associated with relevant bleeding. Similar to other medical societies, the Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research has issued empirical recommendations on initiation, dosing, and duration of pharmacological VTE prophylaxis in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32503680, "pmcid": "PMC7273814", "title": "Elevation of plasma angiotensin II level is a potential pathogenesis for the critically ill COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Wu, Zhiyong", "Hu, Rui", "Zhang, Cuizhen", "Ren, Wei", "Yu, Anfeng", "Zhou, Xiaoyang"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503680", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300069, "title": "Twice-Weekly Hemodialysis Is an Option for Many Patients in Times of Dialysis Unit Stress.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Meyer, Timothy W", "Hostetter, Thomas H", "Watnick, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300069", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515685, "title": "Dynamic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 shedding and neutralizing antibody in children with COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Pengcheng", "Cai, Jiehao", "Jia, Ran", "Xia, Shuai", "Wang, Xiangshi", "Cao, Lingfeng", "Zeng, Mei", "Xu, Jin"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515685", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and quickly spread globally. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of viral shedding from different sites and the neutralizing antibody (NAb) response during the acute and convalescent phases of nine children with COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in their nasopharyngeal swabs (9/9, 100%), stool samples (8/9, 89%), and oropharyngeal swabs (3/9, 33%) but was not detected in their serum and urine samples. The median duration of viral shedding detected in nasopharyngeal swabs, oropharyngeal swabs, and stools was 13, 4, and 43 days respectively, and the maximum duration of viral shedding detected from stools was 46 days after discharge. In children, nasopharyngeal swabs appear to be a more sensitive specimen type for the diagnosis of COVID-19 compared with oropharyngeal swabs. Three of eight patients produced NAbs in the acute phase, and NAbs were detected in all eight patients with convalescent sera. The results of this study provide valuable information for the diagnosis and surveillance of COVID-19 and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for use in children."}, {"pmid": 32391672, "title": "[Management of a colon cancer patient complicated with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Ye, Ziqi", "Hong, Yun", "Wu, Xiuhua", "Hong, Dongsheng", "Zhang, Yanfang", "Dong, Xihao", "Rao, Yuefeng", "Lu, Xiaoyang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391672", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the feasibility of radical resection for cancer patients complicated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The management and clinical outcome of a sigmoid cancer patient with COVID-19 were analyzed. The inflammation indicators and fever of this patient were effectively controlled and the lung lesions remained stable after active anti-viral treatment, then the radical colorectomy was performed after the viral negative conversion for twice. The case indicates that radical resection can be performed in SARS-CoV-2 patients with twice-negative SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing results."}, {"pmid": 32220112, "title": "Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Tang, Ning", "Bai, Huan", "Chen, Xing", "Gong, Jiale", "Li, Dengju", "Sun, Ziyong"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220112", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A relatively high mortality of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is worrying, and the application of heparin in COVID-19 has been recommended by some expert consensus because of the risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation and venous thromboembolism. However, its efficacy remains to be validated. Coagulation results, medications, and outcomes of consecutive patients being classified as having severe COVID-19 in Tongji hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The 28-day mortality between heparin users and nonusers were compared, as was a different risk of coagulopathy, which was stratified by the\u00a0sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) score or D-dimer result. There were 449 patients with severe COVID-19 enrolled into the study, 99 of them received heparin (mainly with low molecular weight heparin) for 7\u00a0days or longer. D-dimer, prothrombin time, and age were positively, and platelet count was negatively, correlated with 28-day mortality in multivariate analysis. No difference in 28-day mortality was found between heparin users and nonusers (30.3% vs 29.7%, P\u00a0=\u00a0.910). But the 28-day mortality of heparin users was lower than nonusers in patients with SIC score\u00a0\u22654 (40.0% vs 64.2%, P\u00a0=\u00a0.029), or D-dimer\u00a0>6-fold of upper limit of normal (32.8% vs 52.4%, P\u00a0=\u00a0.017). Anticoagulant therapy mainly with low molecular weight heparin appears to be associated with better prognosis in severe COVID-19 patients meeting SIC criteria or with markedly elevated D-dimer."}, {"pmid": 32129582, "title": "[Noninvasive Respiratory Support for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia: Enough is Enough].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Pan, C", "Zhang, W", "Xia, J A", "Liu, H", "Du, B", "Qiu, H B"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129582", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433599, "pmcid": "PMC7237874", "title": "Nutritional management of COVID-19 patients in a rehabilitation unit.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Brugliera, Luigia", "Spina, Alfio", "Castellazzi, Paola", "Cimino, Paolo", "Arcuri, Pietro", "Negro, Alessandra", "Houdayer, Elise", "Alemanno, Federica", "Giordani, Alessandra", "Mortini, Pietro", "Iannaccone, Sandro"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433599", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462314, "pmcid": "PMC7251557", "title": "Deep learning COVID-19 detection bias: accuracy through artificial intelligence.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Vaid, Shashank", "Kalantar, Reza", "Bhandari, Mohit"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462314", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Detection of COVID-19 cases' accuracy is posing a conundrum for scientists, physicians, and policy-makers. As of April 23, 2020, 2.7 million cases have been confirmed, over 190,000 people are dead, and about 750,000 people are reported recovered. Yet, there is no publicly available data on tests that could be missing infections. Complicating matters and furthering anxiety are specific instances of false-negative tests. We developed a deep learning model to improve accuracy of reported cases and to precisely predict the disease from chest X-ray scans. Our model relied on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect structural abnormalities and disease categorization that were keys to uncovering hidden patterns. To do so, a transfer learning approach was deployed to perform detections from the chest anterior-posterior radiographs of patients. We used publicly available datasets to achieve this. Our results offer very high accuracy (96.3%) and loss (0.151 binary cross-entropy) using the public dataset consisting of patients from different countries worldwide. As the confusion matrix indicates, our model is able to accurately identify true negatives (74) and true positives (32); this deep learning model identified three cases of false-positive and one false-negative finding from the healthy patient scans. Our COVID-19 detection model minimizes manual interaction dependent on radiologists as it automates identification of structural abnormalities in patient's CXRs, and our deep learning model is likely to detect true positives and true negatives and weed out false positive and false negatives with > 96.3% accuracy."}, {"pmid": 32446305, "pmcid": "PMC7245173", "title": "Anticipating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB patients and TB control programmes.", "journal": "Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob", "authors": ["Togun, Toyin", "Kampmann, Beate", "Stoker, Neil Graham", "Lipman, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446305", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has currently overtaken every other health issue throughout the world. There are numerous ways in which this will impact existing public health issues. Here we reflect on the interactions between COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB), which still ranks as the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease globally. There may be grave consequences for existing and undiagnosed TB patients globally, particularly in low and middle income countries (LMICs) where TB is endemic and health services poorly equipped. TB control programmes will be strained due to diversion of resources, and an inevitable loss of health system focus, such that some activities cannot or will not be prioritised. This is likely to lead to a reduction in quality of TB care and worse outcomes. Further, TB patients often have underlying co-morbidities and lung damage that may make them prone to more severe COVID-19. The symptoms of TB and COVID-19 can be similar, with for example cough and fever. Not only can this create diagnostic confusion, but it could worsen the stigmatization of TB patients especially in LMICs, given the fear of COVID-19. Children with TB are a vulnerable group especially likely to suffer as part of the \"collateral damage\". There will be a confounding of symptoms and epidemiological data through co-infection, as happens already with TB-HIV, and this will require unpicking. Lessons for COVID-19 could be learned from the vast experience of running global TB control programmes, while the astonishingly rapid and relatively well co-ordinated response to COVID-19 demonstrates how existing programmes could be significantly improved."}, {"pmid": 32405837, "pmcid": "PMC7220592", "title": "[Treatment of patients in a corona ambulance].", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Bleckwenn, Markus"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405837", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362642, "title": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: A review of the current evidence.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Pranab", "Nagi, Nazia", "Agarwal, Anup", "Das, Bhabatosh", "Banerjee, Sayantan", "Sarkar, Swarup", "Gupta, Nivedita", "Gangakhedkar, Raman R"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362642", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (nCoV) spillover event, with its epicenter in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, has emerged as a public health emergency of international concern. This began as an outbreak in December 2019, and till February 28, 2020, there have been 83,704 confirmed cases of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally, with 2,859 deaths, resulting in an overall case fatality rate of 3.41 per cent (95% confidence interval 3.29-3.54%). By this time (February 28, 2020) 58 countries or territories and one international conveyance (Diamond Princess Cruise Ship) were affected. As a part of the global response to manage and contain the pandemic, major emphasis was placed on generating research intelligence to guide evidence-based responses to contain the virus, which was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), owing to its genetic similarities with the SARS virus. This review summarizes the emerging evidence which can help guide the public health response, particularly in India. Key areas have been identified in which research needs to be conducted to generate critical intelligence for advising prevention and control efforts. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has once again exposed the weaknesses of global health systems preparedness, ability to respond to an infectious threat, the rapidity of transmission of infections across international borders and the ineffectiveness of knee-jerk policy responses to emerging/re-emerging infectious disease threats. The review concludes with the key learning points from the ongoing efforts to prevent and contain COVID-19 and identifies the need to invest in health systems, community-led response mechanisms and the need for preparedness and global health security."}, {"pmid": 32375142, "title": "Perspective: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and Haematologists.", "journal": "Acta Haematol", "authors": ["Gale, Robert Peter"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375142", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321072, "title": "Challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic: for a Brazilian research agenda in global health and sustainability.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Ventura, Deisy de Freitas Lima", "Ribeiro, Helena", "Giulio, Gabriela Marques di", "Jaime, Patricia Constante", "Nunes, Joao", "Bogus, Claudia Maria", "Antunes, Jose Leopoldo Ferreira", "Waldman, Eliseu Alves"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321072", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250417, "title": "Emergency Restructuring of a General Surgery Residency Program During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: The University of Washington Experience.", "journal": "JAMA Surg", "authors": ["Nassar, Amer H", "Zern, Nicole K", "McIntyre, Lisa K", "Lynge, Dana", "Smith, Caitlin A", "Petersen, Rebecca P", "Horvath, Karen D", "Wood, Douglas E"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250417", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Seattle, Washington, is an epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in the United States. In response, the Division of General Surgery at the University of Washington Department of Surgery in Seattle has designed and implemented an emergency restructuring of the facility's general surgery resident care teams in an attempt to optimize workforce well-being, comply with physical distancing requirements, and continue excellent patient care. This article introduces a unique approach to general surgery resident allocation by dividing patient care into separate inpatient care, operating care, and clinic care teams. Separate teams made up of all resident levels will work in each setting for a 1-week period. By creating this emergency structure, we have limited the number of surgery residents with direct patient contact and have created teams working in isolation from one another to optimize physical distancing while still performing required work. This also provides a resident reserve without exposure to the virus, theoretically flattening the curve among our general surgery resident cohort. Surgical resident team restructuring is critical during a pandemic to optimize patient care and ensure the well-being and vitality of the resident workforce while ensuring the entire workforce is not compromised."}, {"pmid": 32391661, "title": "[Study on the epidemic development of COVID-19 in Hubei province by a modified SEIR model].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Cao, Shengli", "Feng, Peihua", "Shi, Pengpeng"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391661", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To establish a SEIR epidemic dynamics model that can be used to evaluate the COVID-19 epidemic, and to predict and evaluate the COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei province using the proposed model. COVID-19 SEIR transmission dynamics model was established, which took transmission ability in latent period and tracking quarantine interventions into consideration. Based on the epidemic data of Hubei province from January 23, 2020 to February 24, 2020, the parameters of the newly established modified SEIR model were fitted. By using Euler integral algorithm to solve the modified SEIR dynamics model, the epidemic situation in Hubei province was analyzed, and the impact of prevention and control measures such as quarantine and centralized treatment on the epidemic development was discussed. The theoretical estimation of the epidemic situation by the modified SEIR epidemic dynamics model is in good agreement with the actual situation in Hubei province. Theoretical analysis showed that prevention and control quarantine and medical follow-up quarantine played an important inhibitory effect on the outbreak of the epidemic.The centralized treatment played a key role in the rapid decline in the number of infected people. In addition, it is suggested that individuals should improve their prevention awareness and take strict self-protection measures to curb the increase in infected people. The modified SEIR model is reliable in the evaluation of COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei province, which provides a theoretical reference for the decision-making of epidemic interventions."}, {"pmid": 32307313, "pmcid": "PMC7146696", "title": "[Practical update of total dose compensation in case of temporary interruption of external radiotherapy in the COVID-19 pandemic context].", "journal": "Cancer Radiother", "authors": ["Azria, D", "Hennequin, C", "Giraud, P"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307313", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Overall treatment time is an important factor of local recurrence and indirectly of distant evolution, namely in case of protracted treatments. The current pandemic impacts on the duration of radiotherapy if patients under treatments and synchronously suffering from COVID-19. The models used to compensate the total dose in case of temporary treatment interruption are well known but it is of importance in that pandemic context to update and homogenize clinical practice in order to improve local control without increasing normal tissue complications."}, {"pmid": 32312129, "pmcid": "PMC7196922", "title": "The role of additive manufacturing and antimicrobial polymers in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Expert Rev Med Devices", "authors": ["Zuniga, Jorge M", "Cortes, Aaron"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446866, "pmcid": "PMC7241406", "title": "The eye as the discrete but defensible portal of coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Ocul Surf", "authors": ["Coroneo, Minas Theodore"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446866", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Oculo-centric factors may provide a key to understanding invasion success by SARS-CoV-2, a highly contagious, potentially lethal, virus with ocular tropism. Respiratory infection transmission via the eye and lacrimal-nasal pathway elucidated during the 1918 influenza pandemic, remains to be explored in this crisis. The eye and its adnexae represent a large surface area directly exposed to airborne viral particles and hand contact. The virus may bind to corneal and conjunctival angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and potentially to the lipophilic periocular skin and superficial tear film with downstream carriage into the nasopharynx and subsequent access to the lungs and gut. Adenoviruses and influenza viruses share this ocular tropism and despite differing ocular and systemic manifestations and disease patterns, common lessons, particularly in management, emerge. Slit lamp usage places ophthalmologists at particular risk of exposure to high viral loads (and poor prognosis) and as for adenoviral epidemics, this may be a setting for disease transmission. Local, rather than systemic treatments blocking virus binding in this pathway (advocated for adenovirus) are worth considering. This pathway is accessible with eye drops or aerosols containing drugs which appear efficacious via systemic administration. A combination such as hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and zinc, all of which have previously been used topically in the eye and which work at least in part by blocking ACE2 receptors, may offer a safe, cost-effective and resource-sparing intervention."}, {"pmid": 32353348, "pmcid": "PMC7185946", "title": "Estimation of COVID-19 burden in Egypt.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Sahmoud, Tarek"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353348", "countries": ["Egypt"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282389, "pmcid": "PMC7173087", "title": "Provider Burnout and Fatigue During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned from a High-Volume Intensive Care Unit.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Sasangohar, Farzan", "Jones, Stephen L", "Masud, Faisal N", "Vahidy, Farhaan S", "Kash, Bita A"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282389", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32105614, "title": "Chinese medical staff request international medical assistance in fighting against COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Zeng, Yingchun", "Zhen, Yan"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105614", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388936, "title": "[Interim Guidelines for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 for Oversea Returnees].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388936", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232837, "title": "Headaches Associated With Personal Protective Equipment - A Cross-Sectional Study Among Frontline Healthcare Workers During COVID-19.", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Ong, Jonathan J Y", "Bharatendu, Chandra", "Goh, Yihui", "Tang, Jonathan Z Y", "Sooi, Kenneth W X", "Tan, Yi Lin", "Tan, Benjamin Y Q", "Teoh, Hock-Luen", "Ong, Shi T", "Allen, David M", "Sharma, Vijay K"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232837", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease of pandemic proportions. Healthcare workers in Singapore working in high-risk areas were mandated to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) such as N95 face mask and protective eyewear while attending to patients. We sought to determine the risk factors associated with the development of de novo PPE-associated headaches as well as the perceived impact of these headaches on their personal health and work performance. The impact of COVID-19 on pre-existing headache disorders was also investigated. This is a cross-sectional study among healthcare workers at our tertiary institution who were working in high-risk hospital areas during COVID-19. All respondents completed a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 158 healthcare workers participated in the study. Majority [126/158 (77.8%)] were aged 21-35\u00a0years. Participants included nurses [102/158 (64.6%)], doctors [51/158 (32.3%)], and paramedical staff [5/158 (3.2%)]. Pre-existing primary headache diagnosis was present in about a third [46/158 (29.1%)] of respondents. Those based at the emergency department had higher average daily duration of combined PPE exposure compared to those working in isolation wards [7.0 (SD 2.2) vs 5.2 (SD 2.4) hours, P\u00a0<\u00a0.0001] or medical ICU [7.0 (SD 2.2) vs 2.2 (SD 0.41) hours, P\u00a0<\u00a0.0001]. Out of 158 respondents, 128 (81.0%) respondents developed de novo PPE-associated headaches. A pre-existing primary headache diagnosis (OR\u00a0=\u00a04.20, 95% CI 1.48-15.40; P\u00a0=\u00a0.030) and combined PPE usage for >4\u00a0hours per day (OR 3.91, 95% CI 1.35-11.31; P\u00a0=\u00a0.012) were independently associated with de novo PPE-associated headaches. Since COVID-19 outbreak, 42/46 (91.3%) of respondents with pre-existing headache diagnosis either \"agreed\" or \"strongly agreed\" that the increased PPE usage had affected the control of their background headaches, which affected their level of work performance. Most healthcare workers develop de novo PPE-associated headaches or exacerbation of their pre-existing headache disorders."}, {"pmid": 32468086, "title": "Clinical phenotypes of critically ill COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Azoulay, Elie", "Zafrani, Lara", "Mirouse, Adrien", "Lengline, Etienne", "Darmon, Michael", "Chevret, Sylvie"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468086", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422081, "title": "Autopsy Report with Clinical Pathological Correlation.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Yan, Lei", "Mir, Mahnoor", "Sanchez, Paloma", "Beg, Moeezullah", "Peters, Jay", "Enriquez, Omar", "Gilbert, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422081", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since making its debut on the global stage in December 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has afflicted nearly four million people and caused hundreds of thousands of deaths. Case reports and case series depicting the clinical effects of the causative virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been published, yet few demonstrate the cytopathologic alterations of this disease. We present a clinical-pathological correlation report of a previously healthy Hispanic woman with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who had typical features of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and also showed cardiac abnormalities thought to represent fulminant viral myocarditis. Congruent with the ARDS clinical impression, autopsy findings were remarkable for extensive and markedly severe acute lung injury consistent with viral pneumonia, characterized by diffuse alveolar damage, pulmonary infarction, severe pulmonary edema, desquamation of pneumocytes with intraalveolar aggregation, and pneumocyte morphological alterations suspicious for viral cytopathic effect. However, there was incongruence between the clinical impression and the cardiovascular pathology findings in that viral myocarditis was not detected on histopathologic evaluation. This case highlights the importance of pathologic corroboration of the clinical impression and, in addition, illuminates the key role autopsy plays during a pandemic by providing valuable insight into viral pathology in tissues."}, {"pmid": 32515368, "title": "Establishing and managing a quarantine and isolation centre in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Mansoor, Sahibzada Nasir", "Gill, Zaheer Ahmad", "Rathore, Farooq Azam", "Uttra, Khurshid Muhammad"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515368", "countries": ["China", "Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a recent pandemic which has spread to over 200 countries of the world since its outbreak. As of 21st April, 2020, more than 2.3 million confirmed cases have been reported. The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a strategic preparedness response plan for countries at risk. This is based on the knowledge of previous epidemics and experience shared by Chinese health authorities. There is special emphasis on strict 'quarantine and isolation' of suspected/diagnosed cases. Pakistan is a developing country with a weak healthcare system. Pakistan Armed Forces have always provided services to the countrymen during natural and man-made disasters. During this pandemic the largest rehabilitation institute in the country was converted into a 130-bed dedicated isolation and quarantine facility for the COVID-19 patients. We will share our experience of establishing and managing this quarantine and isolation facility and highlight the achievements and out-of-the-box solutions applicable for low resource countries like Pakistan."}, {"pmid": 32453154, "title": "Resilience in a time of crisis.", "journal": "Nursing", "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453154", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An expert in resiliency psychology discusses stress and resilience in nursing today, including advice on bolstering resilience and recovery during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32332341, "title": "Life, Interrupted.", "journal": "Am J Nurs", "authors": ["Kennedy, Maureen Shawn"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332341", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effects of COVID-19 are still unfolding."}, {"pmid": 32345063, "title": "Truncated IV acetylcysteine treatment duration has potential to safely preserve resources during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Toxicol (Phila)", "authors": ["Goodnough, Robert", "Canseco, Karla"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345063", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32075877, "pmcid": "PMC7164637", "title": "Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Wrapp, Daniel", "Wang, Nianshuang", "Corbett, Kizzmekia S", "Goldsmith, Jory A", "Hsieh, Ching-Lin", "Abiona, Olubukola", "Graham, Barney S", "McLellan, Jason S"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32075877", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) represents a pandemic threat that has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. The CoV spike (S) glycoprotein is a key target for vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and diagnostics. To facilitate medical countermeasure development, we determined a 3.5-angstrom-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the 2019-nCoV S trimer in the prefusion conformation. The predominant state of the trimer has one of the three receptor-binding domains (RBDs) rotated up in a receptor-accessible conformation. We also provide biophysical and structural evidence that the 2019-nCoV S protein binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) with higher affinity than does severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV S. Additionally, we tested several published SARS-CoV RBD-specific monoclonal antibodies and found that they do not have appreciable binding to 2019-nCoV S, suggesting that antibody cross-reactivity may be limited between the two RBDs. The structure of 2019-nCoV S should enable the rapid development and evaluation of medical countermeasures to address the ongoing public health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32326691, "title": "Ticagrelor Can Be an Important Agent in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients with Myocardial Infarction", "journal": "Balkan Med J", "authors": ["Aksit, Ercan", "Kirilmaz, Bahadir", "Gazi, Emine", "Aydin, Fatih"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326691", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32141062, "title": "Novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) in pregnancy: What clinical recommendations to follow?", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Liang, Huan", "Acharya, Ganesh"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32141062", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360182, "title": "Antiviral activities of type I interferons to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Antiviral Res", "authors": ["Mantlo, Emily", "Bukreyeva, Natalya", "Maruyama, Junki", "Paessler, Slobodan", "Huang, Cheng"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360182", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an urgent need to identify antivirals to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we report the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 to recombinant human interferons \u03b1 and \u03b2 (IFN\u03b1/\u03b2). Treatment with IFN-\u03b1 or IFN-\u03b2 at a concentration of 50\u00a0international units (IU) per milliliter reduces viral titers by 3.4 log or over 4 log, respectively, in Vero cells. The EC50 of IFN-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b2 treatment is 1.35 IU/ml and 0.76 IU/ml, respectively, in Vero cells. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is more sensitive than many other human pathogenic viruses, including SARS-CoV. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential efficacy of human Type I IFN in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 infection, a finding which could inform future treatment options for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32522574, "title": "Coping with hypoxemia: Could erythropoietin (EPO) be an adjuvant treatment of COVID-19?", "journal": "Respir Physiol Neurobiol", "authors": ["Soliz, Jorge", "Schneider-Gasser, Edith M", "Arias-Reyes, Christian", "Aliaga-Raduan, Fernanda", "Poma-Machicao, Liliana", "Zubieta-Calleja, Gustavo", "Furuya, Werner I", "Trevizan-Bau, Pedro", "Dhingra, Rishi R", "Dutschmann, Mathias"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522574", "countries": ["United States", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A very recent epidemiological study provides preliminary evidence that living in habitats located at 2500\u2009m above sea level and higher might protect from the development of severe respiratory symptoms following infection with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. This epidemiological finding raises the question of whether physiological mechanisms underlying the acclimatization to high altitude identifies therapeutic targets for the effective treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome pivotal to the reduction of global mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article compares the symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS) with those of SARS-CoV-2 infection and explores overlapping patho-physiological mechanisms of the respiratory system including impaired oxygen transport, pulmonary gas exchange and brainstem circuits controlling respiration. In this context, we also discuss the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on oxygen sensing in the carotid body. Finally, since erythropoietin (EPO) is an effective treatment for AMS, this article reviews the potential benefits of implementing FDA-approved erythropoietin-based (EPO) drug therapies to counteract a variety of acute respiratory and non-respiratory (e.g. excessive inflammation of vascular beds) symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. High-altitude environments of 2500\u2009m above sea level (masl) are characterized by barometric hypoxia. Chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia in such extreme and adverse environments evokes short- and long-term physiologic adaptations to maintain tissue oxygen levels at high altitude in animals and humans. Recent work suggests that high altitude dewellers, in particular in American countries and Tibet (Arias-Reyes et al., 2020; Ortiz-Prado et al., 2020), may present with lower infection rates and/or less severe symptoms of COVID-19 compared to lowlanders (Arias-Reyes et al., 2020; Lei et al., 2020; Ortiz-Prado et al., 2020). This epidemiologic finding raises the question of whether physiological mechanisms underlying the acclimatization to high altitude or in turn the development of acute mountain sickness (AMS), may provide potential avenues for understanding the severity of symptoms and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we provide a survey of similarities of acute mountain sickness to COVID-19 and suggest that the physiologic response to high altitude, characterized by an increase in erythropoietin (EPO), may provide a framework to develop an adjuvant therapy in COVID-19. Indeed, a recently published case study from Iran supports EPO as an effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patho-physiology (Hadadi et al., 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32340677, "pmcid": "PMC7194946", "title": "Pulmonary Pathology of Early Phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340677", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396877, "title": "Breath diagnostics in the era of SARS-CoV-2 - in clinical and research arena.", "journal": "J Breath Res", "authors": ["Chandrapalan, Subashini", "Persaud, Krishna C", "Arasaradnam, Ramesh"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396877", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has transformed not just healthcare, but also the economic systems on a global scale. Despite significant efforts to contain the infection, it continues to spread. Stringent infection control measures have been taken to minimise the transmission between individuals and healthcare workers, especially those undertaking aerosols generating medical procedures. The uncertainties surrounding infection transmission through breath tests in particular, and to some extent faecal testing, will invariably cause concerns among both the patients and the healthcare workers. It is therefore pertinent that all of the necessary measures are adopted to minimise this risk of spreading. In this article, we summarise the physiology and virulence of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the implications for breath testing (in both the clinical and research arena) as well as outlining methods to mitigate these risks."}, {"pmid": 32441741, "title": "How should I manage immunosuppression in a kidney transplant patient with COVID-19? An ERA-EDTA DESCARTES expert opinion.", "journal": "Nephrol Dial Transplant", "authors": ["Maggiore, Umberto", "Abramowicz, Daniel", "Crespo, Marta", "Mariat, Christophe", "Mjoen, Geir", "Peruzzi, Licia", "Sever, Mehmet Sukru", "Oniscu, Gabriel C", "Hilbrands, Luuk", "Watschinger, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441741", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211820, "pmcid": "PMC7097836", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Patients With Cancer at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Oncol", "authors": ["Yu, Jing", "Ouyang, Wen", "Chua, Melvin L K", "Xie, Conghua"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211820", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518177, "title": "Covid-19: Risk of second wave is very real, say researchers.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518177", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305155, "pmcid": "PMC7194642", "title": "Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Staying home save lives.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Sen-Crowe, Brendon", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305155", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32165386, "pmcid": "PMC7067954", "title": "Complete Genome Sequence of a 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Strain Isolated in Nepal.", "journal": "Microbiol Resour Announc", "authors": ["Sah, Ranjit", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Jha, Runa", "Chu, Daniel K W", "Gu, Haogao", "Peiris, Malik", "Bastola, Anup", "Lal, Bibek Kumar", "Ojha, Hemant Chanda", "Rabaan, Ali A", "Zambrano, Lysien I", "Costello, Anthony", "Morita, Kouichi", "Pandey, Basu Dev", "Poon, Leo L M"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165386", "countries": ["China", "Nepal"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A complete genome sequence was obtained for a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain isolated from an oropharyngeal swab specimen of a Nepalese patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), who had returned to Nepal after traveling to Wuhan, China."}, {"pmid": 32415914, "pmcid": "PMC7267047", "title": "Exposure to coronavirus news on mainstream media: The role of risk perceptions and depression.", "journal": "Br J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Olagoke, Ayokunle A", "Olagoke, Olakanmi O", "Hughes, Ashley M"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415914", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The mainstream media tend to rely on news content that will increase risk perceptions of pandemic outbreaks to stimulate public response and persuade people to comply with preventive behaviours. The objective of this study was to examine associations between exposure to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) news, risk perceptions, and depressive symptoms. Cross-sectional data were collected from 501 participants who were \u226518 years. Exposure to COVID-19 news was assessed as our exposure variable. We screened for depression (outcome variable) with the Patient Health Questionnaire and examined the roles of risk perceptions. Multiple linear regressions and mediation analysis with 1000 bootstrap resamples were conducted. Participants were 55.29% female, 67.86% White with mean age 32.44 \u00b1 11.94 years. After controlling for sociodemographic and socio-economic factors, news exposure was positively associated with depressive symptoms \u03b2 = .11; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.02-0.20. Mediation analysis showed that perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 mediated 34.4% of this relationship (\u03b2 = .04; 95%CI = 0.01-0.06). Perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 can serve as a pathway through which exposure to COVID-19 news on mainstream media may be associated with depressive symptoms. Based on our findings, we offered recommendations for media-health partnership, practice, and research."}, {"pmid": 32463962, "title": "COVID-19: Desolation and catharsis from Old Europe.", "journal": "Spec Care Dentist", "authors": ["Diz Dios, Pedro"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463962", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328588, "pmcid": "PMC7177077", "title": "Cardiac Tamponade Secondary to COVID-19.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Dabbagh, Mohammed F", "Aurora, Lindsey", "D'Souza, Penny", "Weinmann, Allison J", "Bhargava, Pallavi", "Basir, Mir B"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328588", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 67-year-old female presented with upper respiratory symptoms and was diagnosed with COVID-19. She was found to have a large hemorrhagic pericardial effusion with echocardiographic signs of tamponade and mild left ventricular impairment. Clinical course was complicated by development of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. She was treated with pericardiocentesis, colchicine, corticosteroids and hydroxychloroquine with improvement in symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32490578, "title": "Teledermatology for acne patients: how to reduce face-to-face visits during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Villani, Alessia", "Annunziata, Maria Carmela", "Abategiovanni, Luisa", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490578", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From the outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread all over the world causing a global public health emergency1 . Since then, preventive measures, such as the use of protective equipement, social distance and disinfection procedures, have been adopted in order to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Regarding Dermatology departments, the majority of them have been reorganized and all dermatological procedures have been postponed, except for the emergencies and the oncological ones2 ."}, {"pmid": 32392591, "title": "Co-infection of SARS CoV-2 and influenza A in a Pediatric Patient in Germany.", "journal": "Klin Padiatr", "authors": ["Wehl, Goetz", "Laible, Monika", "Rauchenzauner, Markus"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392591", "countries": ["China", "Germany"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019 a novel coronavirus was firstly encountered in Wuhan/China with a massive outbreak of fatal pneumonia leading to a pandemic declared by the World Health Organization in March 2020 (WHO Dashboard COVID-19. [WHO web site]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019), affecting mainly elderly adults with underlying co-morbidities. Clinical course in children below the age of 10 years is considered to be mild or even with subclinical signs (Sinha IP, Ha et al. The Lancet Respiratory medicine 2020;27;S2213-2600(20) 30152-1). We describe a 4 month old infant with co-infection of SARS CoV-2 and influenza A virus."}, {"pmid": 32474043, "pmcid": "PMC7255761", "title": "Estimation of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS)-Inhibitor effect on COVID-19 outcome: A Meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Pirola, Carlos J", "Sookoian, Silvia"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474043", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some studies of hospitalized patients suggested that the risk of death and/or severe illness due to COVID-19 is not associated with the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and/or angiotensin II receptor type 1 blockers (ARBs). Nevertheless, some controversy still exists and there is limited information of the ACEIs/ARBs effect size on COVID-19 prognosis. We aimed to measure the effect of ACEIs and/or ARBs on COVID-19 severe clinical illness by a meta-analysis. Literature search included all studies published since the COVID-19 outbreak began (December 2019) until May 9, 2020. We analyzed information from studies that included tested COVID-19 patients with arterial hypertension as comorbidity prior to hospital admission and history of taking ACEIs, ARBs, or ACEIs/ARBs. We included 16 studies that involved 24,676 COVID-19 patients, and we compared patients with critical (n\u202f=\u202f4134) vs. non-critical (n\u202f=\u202f20,542) outcomes. The overall assessment by estimating random effects shows that the use of ACEIs/ARBs is not associated with higher risk of in-hospital-death and/or severe illness among hypertensive patients with COVID-19 infection. On the contrary, effect estimate shows an overall protective effect of RAAS inhibitors/blockers (ACEIs, ARBs, and/or ACEIs/ARBs) with \u223c 23 % reduced risk of death and/or critical disease (OR: 0.768, 95%CI: 0.651-0.907, p=0.0018). The use of ACEIs (OR:0.652, 95%CI:0.478-0.891, p=0.0072) but not ACEIs/ARBs (OR:0.867, 95%CI:0.638-1.179, p =NS) or ARBs alone (OR:0.810, 95%CI:0.629-1.044, p=NS) may explain the overall protection displayed by RAAS intervention combined. RAAS inhibitors might be associated with better COVID-19 prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32506937, "title": "Why Do People With Diabetes Have a High Risk for Severe COVID-19 Disease?-A Dental Hypothesis and Possible Prevention Strategy.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Pfutzner, Andreas", "Lazzara, Michael", "Jantz, Julia"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506937", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes symptoms in infected individuals ranging from mild flu symptoms via severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring ventilation to death. Risk factors for severe courses are age, diabetes, hypertension and other serious diseases. The main entry portal for the virus into the body is probably the oral mucosa, as it is a known location of virus accumulation. The suspected main receptor is highly expressed in this tissue. Such a route of penetration of the virus into the body provides plausible explanations for severe COVID-19 courses seen particularly in older diabetes patients. The immune system of people with diabetes is considered to be generally impaired. Diabetes induces a chronic systemic inflammation, which regularly manifests as periodontitis. Furthermore, frequent hyperglycaemia is known to lead to additional weakening of the oral mucosa barrier. It is therefore recommended that preventive measures in diabetes patients should also include the bucchal area. Knowledge of the inflammatory status in the mouth and throat may be helpful for identification of patients at particular risk. An established biomarker for measuring the degree of orall inflammation is activated matrix metalloproteinase 8 (aMMP8), for which saliva tests are available. From our point of view, the current recommendations for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 associated COVID-19 disease should therefore be extended to include the aspects of measurement and sanitation of mouth and throat and regular disinfection of this area."}, {"pmid": 32278865, "pmcid": "PMC7195351", "title": "Health-Related Quality of Life in Common Variable Immunodeficiency Italian Patients Switched to Remote Assistance During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Pulvirenti, Federica", "Cinetto, Francesco", "Milito, Cinzia", "Bonanni, Livia", "Pesce, Anna Maria", "Leodori, Giorgia", "Garzi, Giulia", "Miglionico, Marzia", "Tabolli, Stefano", "Quinti, Isabella"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278865", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A rapidly expanding pandemic of the new coronavirus has become the focus of global scientific attention. Data are lacking on the impact of the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on health-related quality of life among patients affected by primary antibody deficiencies (PADs). To identify factors impacting the health-related-quality of life (HRQOL) among Italian patients affected by PADs switched to remote assistance at the time of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The quality of life was surveyed in 158 patients with PADs by the Common Variable Immune Deficiency Quality of Life questionnaire, a disease-specific tool, and by the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, a generic tool to assess the risk of anxiety/depression. Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, we shifted all patients with PADs to home therapy, and activated remote visits. Questionnaires were sent by email 4 weeks later. Common Variable Immune Deficiency Quality of Life questionnaire and 12-item General Health Questionnaire data scores were compared with the same set of data from a survey done in\u00a02017. Of 210 patients, 158 (75%) agreed to participate. The quality of life was worse in the group of patients who were at risk of anxiety/depression at the study time. HRQOL was similar in patients forced to shift from hospital-based to home-based immunoglobulin treatment and in patients who continued their usual home-based replacement. The risk of anxiety/depression is associated with pandemia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and with patients' fragility, and not with related clinical conditions associated with common variable immune deficiencies. Anxiety about running out of medications is a major new issue. The coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic impacted HRQOL and the risk of anxiety/depression of patients with PADs. The remote assistance program was a useful possibility to limit personal contacts without influencing the HRQOL."}, {"pmid": 32227594, "pmcid": "PMC7228334", "title": "Social media for rapid knowledge dissemination: early experience from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Chan, A K M", "Nickson, C P", "Rudolph, J W", "Lee, A", "Joynt, G M"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523779, "pmcid": "PMC7266483", "title": "Transmission and evolutionary dynamics of human coronavirus OC43 strains in coastal Kenya investigated by partial spike sequence analysis, 2015-16.", "journal": "Virus Evol", "authors": ["Abidha, Carol A", "Nyiro, Joyce", "Kamau, Everlyn", "Abdullahi, Osman", "Nokes, David James", "Agoti, Charles N"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523779", "countries": ["Kenya", "China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is a major contributor to seasonal outbreaks of acute respiratory illness (ARI). The origins of locally circulating HCoV-OC43 strains and characteristics of their genetic diversity are unknown for most settings despite significance to effective HCoV control strategies. Between December 2015 and June 2016, we undertook ARI surveillance in coastal Kenya in nine outpatients and one inpatient health facility (HF). Ninety-two patient samples tested HCoV-OC43 positive and forty (43.5%) were successfully sequenced in spike (S) gene region (2,864 long, \u223c70%). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed co-circulation of two distinct HCoV-OC43 clades that closely clustered with genotype G (n\u2009=\u200934, 85%) and genotype H (n\u2009=\u20096, 15%) reference strains. Local viruses within the same clade displayed low genetic diversity yielding identical sequences in multiple HF. Furthermore, the newly sequenced Kenyan viruses showed close phylogenetic relationship to other contemporaneous sampled strains (2015-16) including those originating from distant places (e.g. USA and China). Using a genetic similarity threshold of 99.1 per cent at nucleotide level, the HCoV-OC43 strains sampled globally between 1967 and 2019 fell into nine sequence clusters. Notably, some of these clusters appeared to have become extinct, or occurred only sporadically in a few geographical areas while others persisted globally for multiple years. In conclusion, we found that HCoV-OC43 strains spread rapidly both locally and across the globe with limited genetic evolution in the spike gene. Full-genome sequences that are spatio-temporally representative are required to advance understanding of the transmission pathways of this important human respiratory pathogen."}, {"pmid": 32443060, "pmcid": "PMC7273933", "title": "Telemedicine for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Verstraete, Sofia G", "Sola, Ana M", "Ali, Sabina A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443060", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410266, "pmcid": "PMC7272823", "title": "Immunoregulation with mTOR inhibitors to prevent COVID-19 severity: A novel intervention strategy beyond vaccines and specific antiviral medicines.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zheng, Yunfeng", "Li, Renfeng", "Liu, Shunai"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410266", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major global public health concern. The mortality rate for critically ill patients is up to 60%, and, thus, reducing the disease severity and case mortality is a top priority. Currently, cytokine storms are considered as the major cause of critical illness and death due to COVID-19. After a systematical review of the literature, we propose that cross-reactive antibodies associated with antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) may actually be the cause of cytokine storms. It would be more difficult to develop vaccines for highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (CoVs) if ADE characteristics are taken into consideration. Therefore, it is urgent to find an effective way to prevent the occurrence of severe illness as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 specific drugs or vaccines are still in development. If the activation of memory B cells can be selectively inhibited in high-risk patients at an early stage of COVID-19 to reduce the production of cross-reactive antibodies against the virus, we speculate that ADE can be circumvented and severe symptoms can be prevented. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors satisfy such needs and it is recommended to conduct clinical trials for mTOR inhibitors in preventing the severity of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32007627, "pmcid": "PMC7129799", "title": "Novel coronavirus: From discovery to clinical diagnostics.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Phan, Tung"], "date": "2020-02-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32007627", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus designated as 2019-nCoV first appeared in Wuhan, China in late December 2019. Dozens of people died in China, and thousands of people infected as 2019-nCoV continues to spread around the world. We have described the discovery, emergence, genomic characteristics, and clinical diagnostics of 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32294689, "pmcid": "PMC7236151", "title": "Schizophrenia and COVID-19: risks and recommendations.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Fonseca, Lais", "Diniz, Elton", "Mendonca, Guilherme", "Malinowski, Fernando", "Mari, Jair", "Gadelha, Ary"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294689", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391172, "pmcid": "PMC7201117", "title": "Response of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan Head & Neck Cancer Unit to the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Cancers Head Neck", "authors": ["Resteghini, Carlo", "Maggioni, Paola", "Di Martino, Vito", "Licitra, Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391172", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390523, "title": "Urologic surgery and invasive procedures during coronavirus pandemic: Retrospective comparison of risk infection in a referral Covid hospital and in a free-Covid hospital.", "journal": "Urologia", "authors": ["Antonio Maria, Granata", "Vasileios, Petrainas", "Giacomo Piero, Incarbone", "Ai Ling Loredana, Romano", "Marco, Rosso", "Giulia, Garelli", "Stefania, Ranzoni", "Federica, Marchesotti", "Gregori, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390523", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 21 February 2020, 'Luigi Sacco' Hospital was identified as a Covid-19 referral Hospital in Lombardy. The Department of Urology of our Healthcare Institution consists of two Urology Units, one at 'L.Sacco' Hospital (hereinafter referred to as Covid-19 hospital) and one at 'Fatebenefratelli' Hospital (hereinafter referred to as Covid-19-free hospital). The Healthcare System's Administration communicated to all personnel the implementation of a planned 'biological risk protocol' at the Covid-19 hospital, while the Covid-19-free hospital followed regular government recommendations. We evaluated the risk of Sars-Cov-2 infection in the patients treated for surgical or invasive urologic procedures during the epidemic in the two different hospitals. At the Covid-19 hospital, 12 patients underwent surgery and 51 patients invasive diagnostic procedures between 22 February and 8 March 2020; in the same period, at the Covid-19-free hospital, 21 patients underwent surgery and 56 patients invasive diagnostic procedures. We compared the incidence of Sars-Cov-2 infection among the patients who were accessed in the two Urology Units in the period of different restrictive measures after the outbreak of the epidemic. We registered no cases of Sars-Cov-2 infection in the patients hospitalized in that period in Covid-19 hospital, despite three cases of swab positivity in the Covid-19-free hospital. The early implementation of extraordinary measures to restrict the spread of the virus offers a good protection also in a Covid-19 referral Hospital. The adoption of safety measures may be considered even after the end of the pandemic in all the health systems."}, {"pmid": 32386966, "pmcid": "PMC7194633", "title": "The blood supply management amid the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Transfus Clin Biol", "authors": ["Raturi, M", "Kusum, A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386966", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the government's early intervention such as mass lockdown and curtailment strategies towards mass gatherings, amid the COVID-19 outbreak, the organization of the voluntary blood donation camps have been suspended. It's most significant impact on the blood community has been a dramatic decrease in the number of blood donors. Therefore, our blood stock has almost dried up and put our inventory in a state of jeopardy. Additionally, all the elective surgeries and non-urgent clinical interventions have also been deferred during this time. This has led to a drop in the blood collection, demand as well as the issue at our blood center. With this backdrop, we intended to assess the effect of this mass lockdown on our blood supply management, particularly in two phases [phase-I prior to the outbreak] and phase-II [during the outbreak]. Transitioning back to the normal conditions would most likely depend on the extent and the time duration of this pandemic and associated behavioural change, which is foreseen to remain in effect well beyond the original estimates."}, {"pmid": 32342184, "pmcid": "PMC7184809", "title": "[Current guidance of the German Society of Rheumatology for the care of patients with rheumatic diseases during the SARS-CoV-2/Covid 19 pandemic].", "journal": "Z Rheumatol", "authors": ["Schulze-Koops, H", "Holle, J", "Moosig, F", "Specker, C", "Aries, P", "Burmester, G", "Fiehn, C", "Hoyer, B", "Krause, A", "Leipe, J", "Lorenz, H-M", "Schneider, M", "Sewerin, P", "Voormann, A", "Wager, U", "Kruger, K", "Iking-Konert, C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342184", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic there are many questions regarding the safe treatment of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Many of these questions cannot yet be answered on an evidence-based basis and this does not make patient care easy. The German Society for Rheumatology (DGRh) hopes that these initial recommendations will provide support for specific issues in the care of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases in view of the current threat posed by SARS-CoV-2. In order to take advantage of the dynamic worldwide gain in knowledge for our patients, the recommendations will be updated regularly. The updated versions of the recommendations are deposited on the homepage of the DGRh."}, {"pmid": 32323704, "title": "COVID-19 emergency in the cruise's ship: a case report of conjunctivitis.", "journal": "Clin Ter", "authors": ["Salducci, M", "La Torre, G"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323704", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is known about the Covid-19 transmission through ocular tissue, and more research needs to be carried out in order to confirm its ability to infect ocular tissue and its pathogenic mechanisms. Covid-19 may be detected in the tears and conjunctival secretions in novel coronavirus pneumonia patients with conjunctivitis. This case report shows a severe viral conjunctivitis in a patient diagnosed with Covid-19 on the Diamond Princess ship, characterized by both red, irritated and swollen eyes, with transparent serous secretions, conjunctival chemosis, pseudomembranes of fibrin and inflammatory cells on the tarsal conjunctiva accompanied by preauricular lymph nodes and enlarged submaxillaries."}, {"pmid": 32401828, "title": "The need to strengthen Primary Health Care in Brazil in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Braz Oral Res", "authors": ["Souza, Carlos Dornels Freire de", "Gois-Santos, Vanessa Tavares de", "Correia, Divanise Suruagy", "Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo", "Santos, Victor Santana"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401828", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its association with severe pneumonia and deaths has exposed gaps in the health systems of several countries worldwide. Although the necessary focus has been to care for hospitalized patients, the strengthening of Primary Health Care (PHC) actions is necessary. PHC is the gateway to the health system in several countries, including Brazil and it plays a role in preventing, protecting, promoting, and treating individuals and communities. Brazil, like other countries, has faced the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. As Brazil has a universal and decentralized health system, in which PHC has been the model of health re-organizing the health system; here we reflected the importance of strengthening PHC in Brazil in the times of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32392646, "title": "Response to: Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation.", "journal": "Asian Spine J", "authors": ["Liawrungrueang, Wongthawat", "Sornsa-Ard, Tuanrit", "Niramitsantiphong, Anugoon"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392646", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32185635, "pmcid": "PMC7095462", "title": "Successful containment of COVID-19: the WHO-Report on the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Salzberger, Bernd", "Gluck, Thomas", "Ehrenstein, Boris"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185635", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386880, "pmcid": "PMC7181985", "title": "Patient with pneumonia caused by COVID-19: Surgical findings and radiological correlation of lung lesions.", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Deniz-Armengol, Carlos", "Ramos-Izquierdo, Ricard", "Urena-Lluveras, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386880", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213224, "pmcid": "PMC7138612", "title": "End-of-life care in the emergency department for the patient imminently dying of a highly transmissible acute respiratory infection (such as COVID-19).", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Hendin, Ariel", "La Riviere, Christian G", "Williscroft, David M", "O'Connor, Erin", "Hughes, Jennifer", "Fischer, Lisa M"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213224", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202343, "pmcid": "PMC7228328", "title": "Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Ludvigsson, Jonas F"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202343", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Data on symptoms and prognosis in children are rare. A systematic literature review was carried out to identify papers on COVID-19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), using the MEDLINE and Embase databases between January 1 and March 18, 2020. The search identified 45 relevant scientific papers and letters. The review showed that children have so far accounted for 1%-5% of diagnosed COVID-19 cases, they often have milder disease than adults and deaths have been extremely rare. Diagnostic findings have been similar to adults, with fever and respiratory symptoms being prevalent, but fewer children seem to have developed severe pneumonia. Elevated inflammatory markers were less common in children, and lymphocytopenia seemed rare. Newborn infants have developed symptomatic COVID-19, but evidence of vertical intrauterine transmission was scarce. Suggested treatment included providing oxygen, inhalations, nutritional support and maintaining fluids and electrolyte balances. The coronavirus disease 2019 has occurred in children, but they seemed to have a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. Deaths were extremely rare."}, {"pmid": 32458072, "pmcid": "PMC7248189", "title": "Call for comments: climate and clean air responses to covid-19.", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Agrawala, Shardul", "Amann, Markus", "Binimelis de Raga, Graciela", "Borgford-Parnell, Nathan", "Brauer, Michael", "Clark, Harry", "Emberson, Lisa", "Haines, Andy", "Kejun, Jiang", "Kunzli, Nino", "Kuylenstierna, Johan", "Lacy, Rodolfo", "Liu, Jian", "Mulugetta, Yacob", "Pachauri, Shonali", "Ramanathan, V", "Ravishankara, A R", "Shindell, Drew", "Wongwangwatana, Supat"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458072", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350626, "pmcid": "PMC7190457", "title": "How about actively using telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Hau, Yong Sauk", "Kim, Jeoung Kun", "Hur, Jian", "Chang, Min Cheol"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283286, "pmcid": "PMC7151250", "title": "Google searches for the keywords of \"wash hands\" predict the speed of national spread of COVID-19 outbreak among 21 countries.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Lin, Yu-Hsuan", "Liu, Chun-Hao", "Chiu, Yu-Chuan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283286", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study hypothesized that national population health literacy might reflect on their keywords searching. We applied Google searches for \"wash hands\" and \"face mask\" during January 19 to February 18 as a surrogate of national population health literacy among 21 countries, and examine whether google searches for \"wash hands\" and \"face masks\" would protect from increased numbers of confirmed cases of among 21 countries We found the increased google searches for \"wash hands\" from January 19 to February 18, 2020, correlated with a lower spreading speed of COVID-19 from February 19 to March 10, 2020 among 21 countries (Pearson's correlation coefficient of -0.70, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). The result highlights the importance of public awareness of hand washing in preventing COVID-19 disease spreading."}, {"pmid": 32415560, "pmcid": "PMC7225401", "title": "Bronchoalveolar lavage findings in severe COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Voiriot, Guillaume", "Fajac, Anne", "Lopinto, Julien", "Labbe, Vincent", "Fartoukh, Muriel"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415560", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487877, "title": "Editorial: Challenges and Insights amidst the Covid-19 pandemic: Nutrition, the immune system and disease risk.", "journal": "Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care", "authors": ["Kalea, Anastasia Z", "Klimis-Zacas, Dorothy"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487877", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519895, "title": "Is targeting Akt a viable option to treat advanced-stage COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Somanath, Payaningal R"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519895", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One of the primary reasons for high mortality in the advanced stage coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients is the uncontrolled inflammation in the lungs leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Controlling the pathological inflammation in the ARDS lungs without compromising the immune system's fight against the virus is indeed a daunting task. In this situation, an appropriate therapeutic target would be the one that will not only reverse the damaging inflammation and promote resolution but also helps to check the root cause of the virus infection. Akt is a potential therapeutic target for the advanced stage COVID-19 patients; its inhibition will potentially suppress the pathological inflammation, cytokine storm, fibroproliferation, and platelet activation associated with COVID-19, and at the same time prevent scarring and promote resolution in injured lungs. As pharmacological inhibition of Akt has also been reported to inhibit ACE2 expression, a receptor for the virus entry into the lung cells, targeting Akt for COVID-19 looks a viable option."}, {"pmid": 32347980, "pmcid": "PMC7267144", "title": "Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding: Not a rare phenomenon.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Na", "Wang, Xiao", "Lv, Tangfeng"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347980", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388722, "pmcid": "PMC7210459", "title": "To mask or not to mask children to overcome COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Pediatr", "authors": ["Esposito, Susanna", "Principi, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388722", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been reported that asymptomatic people can transmit the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and become important sources of COVID-19. To reduce the role of asymptomatic or poorly symptomatic people in COVID-19, universal use of face masks in addition to hand hygiene and safety distance seems extremely useful. Consequently, preparing the healthy child to use face masks is strongly needed. To obtain maximal compliance, reasons for mask wearing without attempts of removing must be clearly explained. Moreover, child's will must not be forced.Conclusion: On the basis of clinical findings, we think that the universal use of facial masks seems necessary when people have to go out in their everyday lives. In addition to the availability of masks of different sizes capable of adapting perfectly to the face, it is necessary that the use of masks in children is preceded by a strong parental work and school lessons on this issue and other hygiene topics with the main aim to obtain child cooperation.What is Known:\u2022 Asymptomatic people can transmit and become important sources of COVID-19.\u2022 Asymptomatic cases are common also in pediatrics.What is New:\u2022 Universal use of face masks for success against COVID-19 seems necessary also in pediatric age when people have to go out in their everyday lives.\u2022 In addition to the availability of masks of different sizes capable of adapting perfectly to the face, it is necessary that the use of masks in children is preceded by a strong parental work and school lessons with the main aim to obtain child cooperation."}, {"pmid": 32331259, "pmcid": "PMC7230343", "title": "The Food Systems in the Era of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Crisis.", "journal": "Foods", "authors": ["Galanakis, Charis M"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331259", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19, broadly referred to as \"coronavirus\") a global pandemic, while thousands of infections and deaths are reported daily. The current article explores the food systems in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. It provides insights about the properties of bioactive ingredients of foods and herbs for the support of the human immune system against infections before discussing the possibility of COVID-19 transmission through the food chain. It also highlights the global food security issues arising from the fact that one-third of the world's population is on lockdown. Finally, it underlines the importance of sustainability in the food chain in order to avoid or reduce the frequency of relevant food and health crises in the future."}, {"pmid": 32475036, "title": "Clinical efficacy, speed of improvement and safety of apremilast for the treatment of adult Psoriasis during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Melis, Daniele", "Mugheddu, Cristina", "Sanna, Silvia", "Atzori, Laura", "Rongioletti, Franco"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475036", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Time to improvement is a crucial characteristic for effective treatments of chronic inflammatory conditions, such as psoriasis. Apremilast is a recently approved drug, belonging to the small molecule phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, whose optimal safety and efficacy profile is somewhat affected by slow activity rate in clinical trials. Real world case series are suggesting a more consistent improvement, and with this additional personal investigation on 48 patients, we signal that 58% of patients achieved PASI50, and 19% PASI75 improvement in the first 8\u2009weeks of treatment. Results at 16-week are remarkable, with overall 55% of patients achieving PASI 75, 21% PASI 90 and 14% PASI 100. Only 8 patients (18, 6%) had slightly improved, although satisfied with the regimen, and determined to continue. Noteworthy, our population was rather problematic in terms of comorbidities (86%), and resistance to other treatments, with only 28% na\u00efve to systemics, including biologics. Moreover, the observation period includes the Italian outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic, and further information on apremilast safety are provided, no one of the patients having stopped treatment. In such a critical period, the apremilast satisfactory speed of therapeutic response in a real-world setting has further strengthens patient's compliance to remain safely at home, which is the best strategy to limit contagion. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32336079, "title": "Medical mask or N95 respirator: When and how to use?", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Azap, Alpay", "Erdinc, Fatma Sebnem"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336079", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is now a global threat on human health reaching up to 2 million infected people all around the World. Since its first recognition in Wuhan, many topics were discussed intensively about COVID-19, both in the public and scientific community. Personal protective equipments and especially masks were among the hottest topics during this pandemic. Regardless of which mask is used, performing hand hygiene frequently with an alcohol-based hand rub or with soap and water if hands are dirty; is the most effective preventive measure for COVID-19. The type of mask used when caring for COVID-19 patients will vary according to the setting, type of personnel/person, and activity. Although the main transmission route for COVID-19 is droplets, during aerosol generating procedures airborne transmission may occur. Keeping the distancing and medical masks and eye protection during close contact efficiently protects against respiratory diseases transmitted via droplets. Airborne precautions include goggles and respiratory protection with the use of an N95 or an equivalent mask respirator to prevent airborne transmission."}, {"pmid": 32358233, "pmcid": "PMC7228451", "title": "Extracorporeal Life Support Organization COVID-19 Interim Guidelines.", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Shekar, Kiran", "Badulak, Jenelle", "Peek, Giles", "Boeken, Udo", "Dalton, Heidi J", "Arora, Lovkesh", "Zakhary, Bishoy", "Ramanathan, Kollengode", "Starr, Joanne", "Akkanti, Bindu", "Antonini, M Velia", "Ogino, Mark T", "Raman, Lakshmi"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358233", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360316, "pmcid": "PMC7183962", "title": "Reply to 'CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management' by Ferreli F. et al.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Pichi, Barbara", "Mazzola, Francesco", "Bonsembiante, Anna", "Petruzzi, Gerardo", "Zocchi, Jacopo", "Moretto, Silvia", "De Virgilio, Armando", "Pellini, Raul"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360316", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371056, "pmcid": "PMC7252050", "title": "Care of critically ill pregnant patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a case series.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Hirshberg, Adi", "Kern-Goldberger, Adina R", "Levine, Lisa D", "Pierce-Williams, Rebecca", "Short, William R", "Parry, Samuel", "Berghella, Vincenzo", "Triebwasser, Jourdan E", "Srinivas, Sindhu K"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371056", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359415, "pmcid": "PMC7252140", "title": "Nicaragua's response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Perry, John"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359415", "countries": ["Nicaragua"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500849, "title": "Frequency of Abnormalities Detected by Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Mohamed, Mouhand F H", "Al-Shokri, Shaikha", "Yousaf, Zohaib", "Danjuma, Mohammed", "Parambil, Jessiya", "Mohamed, Samreen", "Mubasher, Mahmood", "Dauleh, Mujahed M", "Hasanain, Bara", "AlKahlout, Mohamed Awni", "Abubeker, Ibrahim Y"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500849", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity, mortality, and strained healthcare systems worldwide. Thus, a search for modalities that can expedite and improve the diagnosis and management of this entity is underway. Recent data suggested the utility of lung ultrasound (LUS) in the diagnosis of COVID-19 by detecting an interstitial pattern (B-pattern). Hence, we aimed to pool the proportion of various reported lung abnormalities detected by LUS in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. We conducted a systematic review (PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE until April 25, 2020) and a proportion meta-analysis. We included seven studies examining the role of LUS in 122 COVID-19 patients. The pooled proportion (PP) of B-pattern detected by lung ultrasound (US) was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94-1.00 I2 0%, Q 4.6). The PP of finding pleural line abnormalities was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.13-1.00 I2 96%, Q 103.9), of pleural thickening was 0.54 (95% 0.11-0.95 I2 93%, Q 61.1), of subpleural or pulmonary consolidation was 0.39 (95% CI: 0.21-0.58 I2 72%, Q 17.8), and of pleural effusion was 0.14 (95% CI: 0.00-0.37 I2 93%, Q 27.3). Our meta-analysis revealed that almost all SARS-CoV-2-infected patients have abnormal lung US. The most common abnormality is interstitial involvement depicted as B-pattern. The finding from our review highlights the potential role of this modality in the triage, diagnosis, and follow-up of COVID-19 patients. A sizable diagnostic accuracy study comparing LUS, computed tomography scan, and COVID-19-specific tests is warranted to further test this finding and to delineate the diagnostic and prognostic yield of each of these modalities."}, {"pmid": 32497323, "title": "Increasing Host Cellular Receptor-Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Expression by Coronavirus may Facilitate 2019-nCoV (or SARS-CoV-2) Infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhuang, Meng-Wei", "Cheng, Yun", "Zhang, Jing", "Jiang, Xue-Mei", "Wang, Li", "Deng, Jian", "Wang, Pei-Hui"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497323", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV, or SARS-CoV-2) has caused an epidemic of the acute respiratory syndrome known as COVID-19 in humans. SARS-CoV-2 rapidly spread to multiple regions of China and multiple other countries, posing a serious threat to public health. The spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 may use the same host cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), for entering into host cells. The affinity between ACE2 and the SARS-CoV-2 S protein is much higher than that of ACE2 binding to the SARS-CoV S protein, explaining why SARS-CoV-2 seems to be more readily transmitted from the human to human. Here, we report that ACE2 can be significantly upregulated after infection of various viruses, including SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, or by the stimulation with inflammatory cytokines such as interferons. We propose that SARS-CoV-2 may positively induce its cellular entry receptor, ACE2, to accelerate its replication and spread; high inflammatory cytokine levels increase ACE2 expression and act as high-risk factors for developing COVID-19, and the infection of other viruses may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, drugs targeting ACE2 may be developed for the future emerging infectious diseases caused by this cluster of coronaviruses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32395791, "title": "Covid-19, chronicles of a forecasted pandemic.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Abdelmalek, Rim"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395791", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438382, "title": "Challenges of virtual talking therapies for substance misuse in New Zealand during the COVID-19 pandemic: an opinion piece.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Galea-Singer, Susanna", "Newcombe, David", "Farnsworth-Grodd, Virginia", "Sheridan, Janie", "Adams, Peter", "Walker, Natalie"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438382", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic requires us to rethink how virtual approaches might work for people who use alcohol and other drugs. Are virtual clinics only suitable for clients with whom clinicians have already formed a therapeutic relationship? How well would virtual clinics work for new clients presenting to services, for clients in acute distress, and for those with complex problems? Addressing the sustained change required to maintain substance-free lives or a safe substance-use life requires robust psychotherapeutic approaches, which have traditionally been delivered through physical contact, whether they are one-to-one or group-based interventions. The challenge during this time of the COVID-19 pandemic is to deliver effective talking therapies while avoiding physical contact. How then should services continue to offer counselling and support in such an environment? How can we learn from the COVID-19 situation to deliver treatment to individuals who may have difficulties attending traditional clinic-based care, such as those in more rural areas with transport difficulties? This article focuses on identifying practical issues and providing some solutions."}, {"pmid": 32511991, "title": "Ethical Guidelines and Moral Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Trainees' Perspective.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Han, Jason J", "Luc, Jessica"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511991", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32248387, "pmcid": "PMC7127836", "title": "Use of DAMPs and SAMPs as Therapeutic Targets or Therapeutics: A Note of Caution.", "journal": "Mol Diagn Ther", "authors": ["Land, Walter Gottlieb"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248387", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This opinion article discusses the increasing attention paid to the\u00a0role of activating damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in initiation of inflammatory diseases and suppressing/inhibiting DAMPs (SAMPs) in resolution of inflammatory diseases and, consequently, to the future roles of these novel biomarkers as therapeutic targets and therapeutics. Since controlled production of DAMPs and SAMPs is needed to achieve full homeostatic restoration and repair from tissue injury, only their pathological, not their homeostatic, concentrations should be therapeutically tackled. Therefore, distinct caveats are proposed regarding choosing DAMPs and SAMPs for therapeutic purposes. For example, we discuss the need to a priori identify and define a context-dependent \"homeostatic DAMP:SAMP ratio\" in each case and a \"homeostatic window\" of DAMP and SAMP concentrations to guarantee a safe treatment modality to patients. Finally, a few clinical examples of how DAMPs and SAMPs might be used as therapeutic targets or therapeutics in the future are discussed, including inhibition of DAMPs in hyperinflammatory processes (e.g., systemic inflammatory response syndrome, as currently observed in Covid-19), administration of SAMPs in chronic inflammatory diseases, inhibition of SAMPs in hyperresolving processes (e.g., compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome), and administration/induction of DAMPs in vaccination procedures and anti-cancer therapy."}, {"pmid": 32227199, "pmcid": "PMC7184440", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Testing.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Babiker, Ahmed", "Myers, Charlie W", "Hill, Charles E", "Guarner, Jeannette"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227199", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372782, "pmcid": "PMC7194562", "title": "Crisis in New York City.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Arnold, Carrie"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372782", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus outbreak has hit the city hard and doctors are racing to treat the rapidly increasing cases, reports Carrie Arnold."}, {"pmid": 32458121, "pmcid": "PMC7250256", "title": "Indications and timing for tracheostomy in patients with SARS CoV2-related.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Ferri, Emanuele", "Boscolo Nata, Francesca", "Pedruzzi, Barbara", "Campolieti, Giovanni", "Scotto di Clemente, Francesco", "Baratto, Fabio", "Cristalli, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458121", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The indications and timing for tracheostomy in patients with SARS CoV2-related are controversial. In a recent issue published in the European Archives of Otorhinolaryngology, Mattioli et al. published a short communication about tracheostomy timing in patients with COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019); they reported that the tracheostomy could allow early Intensive Care Units discharge and, in the context of prolonged Invasive Mechanical Ventilation, should be suggested within 7 and 14 days to avoid potential tracheal damages. In this Letter to the Editor we would like to present our experience with tracheostomy in a Hub Covid Hospital. 8 patients underwent open tracheostomy in case of intubation prolonged over 14 days, bronchopulmonary overlap infections, and patients undergoing weaning. They were followed up and the number and timing of death were recorded. Two patients died after tracheostomy; the median time between tracheostomy and death was 3 days. A negative prognostic trend was observed for a shorter duration of intubation. In our experience, tracheostomy does not seem to influence the clinical course and prognosis of the disease, in the face of possible risks of contagion for healthcare workers. The indication for tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients should be carefully evaluated and reserved for selected patients. Although it is not possible to define an optimal timing, it is our opinion that tracheostomy in a stable or clinically improved COVID-19 patient should not be proposed before the 20th day after orotracheal intubation."}, {"pmid": 32528815, "pmcid": "PMC7282418", "title": "Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Point Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Genome.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "authors": ["Kim, Jun-Sub", "Jang, Jun-Hyeong", "Kim, Jeong-Min", "Chung, Yoon-Seok", "Yoo, Cheon-Kwon", "Han, Myung-Guk"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528815", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has been rapidly spreading worldwide. Although the causal relationship among mutations and the features of SARS-CoV-2 such as rapid transmission, pathogenicity, and tropism, remains unclear, our results of genomic mutations in SARS-CoV-2 may help to interpret the interaction between genomic characterization in SARS-CoV-2 and infectivity with the host. A total of 4,254 genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were collected from the Global Initiative on Sharing all Influenza Data (GISAID). Multiple sequence alignment for phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomic approach for mutation analysis were conducted using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA), and an in-house program based on Perl language, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 strains indicated that there were 3 major clades including S, V, and G, and 2 subclades (G.1 and G.2). There were 767 types of synonymous and 1,352 types of non-synonymous mutation. ORF1a, ORF1b, S, and N genes were detected at high frequency, whereas ORF7b and E genes exhibited low frequency. In the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S gene, 11 non-synonymous mutations were observed in the region adjacent to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding site. It has been reported that the rapid infectivity and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 associated with host receptor affinity are derived from several mutations in its genes. Without these genetic mutations to enhance evolutionary adaptation, species recognition, host receptor affinity, and pathogenicity, it would not survive. It is expected that our results could provide an important clue in understanding the genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32364120, "pmcid": "PMC7181990", "title": "Report of a patient with neurological symptoms as the sole manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Escalada Pellitero, S", "Garriga Ferrer-Bergua, L"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364120", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525467, "title": "EXPRESS: COVID-19 and Acute Ischemic Stroke- A Case Series from Dubai, UAE.", "journal": "Int J Stroke", "authors": ["Khan, Maria", "Ibrahim, Rasha H M", "Siddiqi, Shaista Anwer", "Kerolos, Youssry Salah Shafiq", "Al-Kaylani, Muhammad Majid", "Alrukn, Suhail Abdulla Mohammad", "Krieger, Derk W"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525467", "countries": ["United Arab Emirates"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442287, "title": "Thymosin alpha 1 (Talpha1) reduces the mortality of severe COVID-19 by restoration of lymphocytopenia and reversion of exhausted T cells.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Liu, Yueping", "Pang, Yue", "Hu, Zhenhong", "Wu, Ming", "Wang, Chenhui", "Feng, Zeqing", "Mao, Congzheng", "Tan, Yingjun", "Liu, Ying", "Chen, Li", "Li, Min", "Wang, Gang", "Yuan, Zilin", "Diao, Bo", "Wu, Yuzhang", "Chen, Yongwen"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442287", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We previously reported that lymphocytopenia and T cell exhaustion is notable in acute COVID19 patients, especially in aged and severe cases. Thymosin alpha 1 (T\u03b11) had been used in the treatment of viral infections as an immune response modifier for many years. However, clinical benefits and mechanism of T\u03b11 supplement to COVID-19 are still unclear. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical outcomes of 76 severe cases with COVID-19 admitted into two hospitals in Wuhan from December 2019 to March 2020. The thymus output in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from COVID-19 patients was measured by T cell receptor excision circles (TREC). The levels of T cell exhaustion markers PD-1 and Tim-3 on CD8+ T cells were detected by flow cytometry. Compared with untreated group, T\u03b11 treatment significantly reduces mortality of severe COVID-19 patients (11.11% vs. 30.00%, p=0.044). T\u03b11 timely enhances blood T cell numbers in COVID-19 patients with severe lymphocytopenia (the counts of CD8+ T cells or CD4+ T cells in circulation lower than 400/\u03bcL or 650/\u03bcL, respectively). Under such conditions, T\u03b11 also successfully restores CD8+ and CD4+ T cell numbers in aged patients. Meanwhile, T\u03b11 reduces PD-1 and Tim-3 expression on CD8+ T cells from severe COVID-19 patients in comparison with untreated cases. It is of note that restoration of lymphocytopenia and acute exhaustion of T cells are roughly parallel to the rise of TRECs. T\u03b11 supplement significantly reduce mortality of severe COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients with the counts of CD8+ T cells or CD4+ T cells in circulation lower than 400/\u03bcL or 650/\u03bcL, respectively, gain more benefits from T\u03b11. T\u03b11 reverses T cell exhaustion and recovers immune reconstitution through promoting thymus output during SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32534472, "title": "Teledermatology for acne during COVID-19: high patients' satisfaction in spite of the emergency.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Ruggiero, Angelo", "Megna, Matteo", "Annunziata, Maria Carmela", "Abategiovanni, Luisa", "Scalvenzi, Massimiliano", "Tajani, Andrea", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Villani, Alessia"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534472", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting the 9.4% of global population. Although it usually occurs in adolescents aged from 15 to 24 years old, it is not uncommon to develop in adults either. Boys are more frequently affected, particularly with severe forms of the disease.An adequate and continuous treatment of the disease is required in order to reduce acne lesions, prevent permanent scarring and limit the duration of the disorder."}, {"pmid": 32364442, "pmcid": "PMC7203572", "title": "Rigor before speculation in COVID-19 therapy.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Welling, Paul A", "Batlle, Daniel", "Byrd, James Brian", "Burrell, Louise M", "South, Andrew M", "Sparks, Matthew A"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364442", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296258, "pmcid": "PMC7158772", "title": "Coronavirus outbreak is a symptom of Gaia's sickness.", "journal": "Ecol Modell", "authors": ["Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296258", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32036774, "pmcid": "PMC7054940", "title": "Emerging novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-current scenario, evolutionary perspective based on genome analysis and recent developments.", "journal": "Vet Q", "authors": ["Malik, Yashpal Singh", "Sircar, Shubhankar", "Bhat, Sudipta", "Sharun, Khan", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Dadar, Maryam", "Tiwari, Ruchi", "Chaicumpa, Wanpen"], "date": "2020-02-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32036774", "countries": ["China", "Philippines"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are the well-known cause of severe respiratory, enteric and systemic infections in a wide range of hosts including man, mammals, fish, and avian. The scientific interest on coronaviruses increased after the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) outbreaks in 2002-2003 followed by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV). This decade's first CoV, named 2019-nCoV, emerged from Wuhan, China, and declared as 'Public Health Emergency of International Concern' on January 30th, 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). As on February 4, 2020, 425 deaths reported in China only and one death outside China (Philippines). In a short span of time, the virus spread has been noted in 24 countries. The zoonotic transmission (animal-to-human) is suspected as the route of disease origin. The genetic analyses predict bats as the most probable source of 2019-nCoV though further investigations needed to confirm the origin of the novel virus. The ongoing nCoV outbreak highlights the hidden wild animal reservoir of the deadly viruses and possible threat of spillover zoonoses as well. The successful virus isolation attempts have made doors open for developing better diagnostics and effective vaccines helping in combating the spread of the virus to newer areas."}, {"pmid": 32313825, "pmcid": "PMC7167493", "title": "Coronavirus threat to Indian population: risk factors, transmission dynamics and preparedness to prevent the spread of the virus.", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Mandal, Dibyakanti"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313825", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan City of Hubei province in China infected nearly 70,000 individuals and killed more than 1700 people within a short span of time leading to global pandemic. The disease is now spread to 26 countries in Asia, North America, Europe and Australasia. The virus is spreading rapidly to Asia-pacific and Southeast Asian countries. The disease is posing a serious threat to human population and has devastating impact on public health and economy. So far 3 Indians are infected and India is at risk of rapid spread of the disease because of its geographical location and other favorable conditions. With a poorer global health security index compared to China (India-57 and China-51), any such situation will have worse outcome. In near future there are also possibilities of similar kind of disease outbreak caused by new strains of coronaviruses due to factors like species jump of new viruses, high population density and inadequate medical facilities. In this short review we have highlighted the risk factors and transmission dynamics of coronaviruses that may pose a serious threat to India. We have also discussed about the possible preventive measure our country should take to control any such outbreak situation."}, {"pmid": 32391370, "pmcid": "PMC7193980", "title": "The Role of Hydroxychloroquine in Coronavirus Disease 2019. A Versatile Tool at the Service of Humanity.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Tzouvelekis, Argyris", "Karampitsakos, Theodoros", "Bouros, Demosthenes"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391370", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243068, "title": "Breastfeeding and coronavirus disease-2019: Ad interim indications of the Italian Society of Neonatology endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies.", "journal": "Matern Child Nutr", "authors": ["Davanzo, Riccardo", "Moro, Guido", "Sandri, Fabrizio", "Agosti, Massimo", "Moretti, Corrado", "Mosca, Fabio"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243068", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent COVID-19 pandemic has spread to Italy with heavy consequences on public health and economics. Besides the possible consequences of COVID-19 infection on a pregnant woman and the fetus, a major concern is related to the potential effect on neonatal outcome, the appropriate management of the mother-newborn dyad, and finally the compatibility of maternal COVID-19 infection with breastfeeding. The Italian Society on Neonatology (SIN) after reviewing the limited scientific knowledge on the compatibility of breastfeeding in the COVID-19 mother and the available statements from Health Care Organizations has issued the following indications that have been endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies (UENPS). If a mother previously identified as COVID-19 positive or under investigation for COVID-19 is asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic at delivery, rooming-in is feasible, and direct breastfeeding is advisable, under strict measures of infection control. On the contrary, when a mother with COVID-19 is too sick to care for the newborn, the neonate will be managed separately and fed fresh expressed breast milk, with no need to pasteurize it, as human milk is not believed to be a vehicle of COVID-19. We recognize that this guidance might be subject to change in the future when further knowledge will be acquired about the COVID-19 pandemic, the perinatal transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and clinical characteristics of cases of neonatal COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32241073, "title": "COVID-19: Uncharted waters", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Margolis, Stephen A"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241073", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2018Uncharted waters\u2019 is perhaps an understatement of where we are headed at this time. The situation is fluid, with government regulations for our society changing rapidly."}, {"pmid": 32237013, "title": "Challenges of facing coronavirus disease 2019: Psychiatric services for patients with mental disorders.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Cui, Long-Biao", "Wang, Xiao-Hui", "Wang, Hua-Ning"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237013", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405151, "pmcid": "PMC7219424", "title": "Mental health of scientists in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Chan, Christine", "Oey, Nicodemus Edrick", "Tan, Eng-King"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405151", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171740, "pmcid": "PMC7118659", "title": "New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Devaux, Christian A", "Rolain, Jean-Marc", "Colson, Philippe", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171740", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), officially known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in China. Despite drastic containment measures, the spread of this virus is ongoing. SARS-CoV-2 is the aetiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) characterised by pulmonary infection in humans. The efforts of international health authorities have since focused on rapid diagnosis and isolation of patients as well as the search for therapies able to counter the most severe effects of the disease. In the absence of a known efficient therapy and because of the situation of a public-health emergency, it made sense to investigate the possible effect of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 since this molecule was previously described as a potent inhibitor of most coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1. Preliminary trials of chloroquine repurposing in the treatment of COVID-19 in China have been encouraging, leading to several new trials. Here we discuss the possible mechanisms of chloroquine interference with the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle."}, {"pmid": 32432790, "title": "Editorial - COVID-19 and the microbiota: new kids on the block.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Gasbarrini, G", "Dionisi, T", "Franceschi, F", "Gasbarrini, A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432790", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339703, "pmcid": "PMC7195051", "title": "Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Fernandez-Nieto, D", "Jimenez-Cauhe, J", "Suarez-Valle, A", "Moreno-Arrones, O M", "Saceda-Corralo, D", "Arana-Raja, A", "Ortega-Quijano, D"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339703", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367343, "pmcid": "PMC7197629", "title": "COVID-19, Immuno-oncology and Cardiovascular Disease: Viewpoint from the Intersection.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Transl Res", "authors": ["Siddiqi, Hasan K", "Neilan, Tomas G"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367343", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529041, "pmcid": "PMC7262569", "title": "Comparisons of Staphylococcus aureus infection and other outcomes between users of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers: lessons for COVID-19 from a nationwide cohort study.", "journal": "Wellcome Open Res", "authors": ["Bidulka, Patrick", "Iwagami, Masao", "Mansfield, Kathryn E", "Kalogirou, Fotini", "Wong, Angel Y S", "Douglas, Ian J", "Smeeth, Liam", "Summers, Charlotte", "Tomlinson, Laurie A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529041", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Mice receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) drugs show increased susceptibility to infection by Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus). We sought to investigate whether humans using ACEI were at increased risk of S. aureus infection, comparing them to users of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB) with multiple control outcomes to assess the potential for residual confounding. Methods: Using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics between 1997 and 2017, we identified adults starting ACEI or ARB (as an active comparator drug). We regarded prescription of ACEI or ARB as time-dependent exposure and used a Cox regression model to compare incidence of first hospitalisation with infection due to S. aureus in periods with ACEI to periods with ARB prescriptions. We repeated the analysis using control outcomes that we did not expect to be associated with use of ACEI versus ARB (Gram-negative sepsis, hip fracture and herpes zoster) and one that we did (dry cough). Results: We identified 445,341 new users of ACEI (mean age 64.0\u00b114.0, male 51.7%) and 41,824 new users of ARB (mean age 64.1\u00b114.0, male 45.5%). The fully adjusted hazard ratio for S. aureus infection (ACEI vs. ARB) was 1.18 (95% CI 1.10-1.27), consistent across sensitivity analyses. However, we also found associations with all control outcomes; rates of Gram-negative sepsis, hip fracture and dry cough were also increased during periods of time treated with ACEI compared to ARB while herpes zoster was more common during time treated with ARB. Conclusions: Our results suggest that although ARB users appear an ideal control for analyses of ACEI effects, there is residual confounding even after multivariable adjustment. This has implications for observational analyses comparing users of these drug classes, in particular the effect of these drugs in relation to COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32007621, "pmcid": "PMC7129460", "title": "SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and now the 2019-novel CoV: Have we investigated enough about coronaviruses? - A bibliometric analysis.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Quintero-Rada, Keidenis", "Montoya-Posada, Juan Pablo", "Ramirez-Ocampo, Sebastian", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto", "Rabaan, Ali A", "Sah, Ranjit", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-02-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32007621", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458694, "title": "Decreased Mortality of COVID-19 with Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors Therapy in Patients with Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["Guo, Xiaoming", "Zhu, Yueli", "Hong, Yuan"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458694", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), having gradually developed into a pandemic and endangered global health. The continued use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) which are part of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors in COVID-19 patients with hypertension has become controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis by searching Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase up to 13 May 2020. Data analyses were performed by the Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager 5.3 software. Finally, we included 9 studies comprising 3936 patients with hypertension and COVID-19 infection. Compared with non-ACEI/ARB treatment, ACEI/ARB treatment was not associated with disease severity (OR 0.71, 95 % CI 0.46-1.08, P 0.11, I2 59%) but was related to lower mortality of COVID-19 in patients with hypertension (OR 0.57, 95 % CI 0.38-0.84, P 0.004, I2 0). In summary, ACEI/ARB therapy did not aggravate disease severity of COVID-19. Besides, ACEI/ARB therapy can decrease the mortality of COVID-19. Current evidence suggested that RAAS inhibitors should be continued in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. Future well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings."}, {"pmid": 32259132, "pmcid": "PMC7130449", "title": "Laboratory Parameters in Detection of COVID-19 Patients with Positive RT-PCR; a Diagnostic Accuracy Study.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Mardani, Rajab", "Ahmadi Vasmehjani, Abbas", "Zali, Fatemeh", "Gholami, Alireza", "Mousavi Nasab, Seyed Dawood", "Kaghazian, Hooman", "Kaviani, Mehdi", "Ahmadi, Nayebali"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259132", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of laboratory parameters in screening of COVID-19 cases has not been definitely established. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of laboratory parameters in predicting cases with positive RT-PCR for COVID-19. This diagnostic accuracy study was conducted on suspected COVID-19 patients, who presented to Behpooyan Clinic Medical center in Tehran (Iran) from 22 February\u00a0to 14 March, 2020. Patients were divided into two groups based on the results of real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for COVID-19, and the accuracy of different laboratory parameters in predicting cases with positive RT-PCR was evaluated using area under the ROC curve (AUC). Two hundred cases with the mean age of 41.3\u00b1 14.6 (range: 19-78) years were studied (0.53% male). The result of RT-PCR for COVID-19 was positive in 70 (35%) cases. Patients with positive RT-PCR had significantly higher neutrophil (NEU) count (p = 0.0001), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.04), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p = 0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p = 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = 0.0001), and Urea (p = 0.001) levels in serum. In addition, patients with positive RT-PCR had lower white blood cell (WBC) count (p = 0.0001) and serum albumin level (p = 0.0001) compared to others. ALT (AUC = 0.879), CRP (AUC = 0.870), NEU (AUC = 0.858), LDH (AUC = 0.835), and Urea (AUC = 0.835) had very good accuracy in predicting cases with positive RT-PCR for COVID-19, respectively. Our findings suggest that level of LDH, CRP, ALT and NEU can be used to predict the result of COVID-19 test. They can help in detection of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32278338, "pmcid": "PMC7262247", "title": "Exploring possible mechanisms for COVID-19 induced thrombocytopenia: Unanswered questions.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Amgalan, Ariunzaya", "Othman, Maha"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278338", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442319, "title": "Hospital-based dental externship during COVID-19 pandemic: Think virtual!", "journal": "Spec Care Dentist", "authors": ["Stoopler, Eric T", "Tanaka, Takako I", "Sollecito, Thomas P"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442319", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344276, "pmcid": "PMC7177057", "title": "COVID-19 and anosmia in Tehran, Iran.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Gilani, Sapideh", "Roditi, Rachel", "Naraghi, Mohsen"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344276", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with acute olfactory disorders typically present to the otolaryngologist with both acute hyposmia and less often with anosmia. With the onset of COVID-19 we have noticed an increase in the number of patients who have presented with new onset of complete smell loss to the senior author's practice in Tehran, Iran. This anosmia and the frequency with which patients present is highly unusual. Coronaviruses have been known to cause common cold symptoms. COVID-19 infections have been described as causing more severe respiratory infections and the symptoms reported by authors from Wuhan, China have not specifically included anosmia. We describe patients who have presented during a two-week period of the COVID-19 pandemic with complete loss of sense of smell. Most had either no symptoms or mild respiratory symptoms. Many had a normal otolaryngologic exam. A relationship between COVID-19 and anosmia should be considered during the pandemic. We hypothesize that the mechanism of injury is similar to that of other coronavirus infections that cause central and peripheral neurologic deficits."}, {"pmid": 32368493, "pmcid": "PMC7186517", "title": "Co-Infection with SARS-COV-2 and Parainfluenza in a young adult patient with pneumonia: Case Report.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Rodriguez, Jose A", "Rubio-Gomez, Heysu", "Roa, Alejandra A", "Miller, N", "Eckardt, Paula A"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368493", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now considered a pandemic causing Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), multiple fatalities and morbidities which have been associated with it worldwide. We report a severe pneumonia causing acute respiratory distress syndrome due to a coinfection with SARS-COV-2 and Parainfluenza 4 virus in a Hispanic 21 year old male in Florida, USA. The case represents the importance of prompt diagnosis and awareness of the potential co-infection with other respiratory viruses and this novel deadly virus."}, {"pmid": 32371231, "pmcid": "PMC7175865", "title": "Computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 surveillance by wastewater-based epidemiology locally and globally: Feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Hart, Olga E", "Halden, Rolf U"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371231", "countries": ["Italy", "Spain", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the economic and practical limits of medical screening for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 coming sharply into focus worldwide, scientists are turning now to wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) as a potential tool for assessing and managing the pandemic. We employed computational analysis and modeling to examine the feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges of enumerating active coronavirus infections locally and globally using WBE. Depending on local conditions, detection in community wastewater of one symptomatic/asymptomatic infected case per 100 to 2,000,000 non-infected people is theoretically feasible, with some practical successes now being reported from around the world. Computer simulations for past, present and emerging epidemic hotspots (e.g., Wuhan, Milan, Madrid, New York City, Teheran, Seattle, Detroit and New Orleans) identified temperature, average in-sewer travel time and per-capita water use as key variables. WBE surveillance of populations is shown to be orders of magnitude cheaper and faster than clinical screening, yet cannot fully replace it. Cost savings worldwide for one-time national surveillance campaigns are estimated to be in the million to billion US dollar range (US$), depending on a nation's population size and number of testing rounds conducted. For resource poor regions and nations, WBE may represent the only viable means of effective surveillance. Important limitations of WBE rest with its inability to identify individuals and to pinpoint their specific locations. Not compensating for temperature effects renders WBE data vulnerable to severe under-/over-estimation of infected cases. Effective surveillance may be envisioned as a two-step process in which WBE serves to identify and enumerate infected cases, where after clinical testing then serves to identify infected individuals in WBE-revealed hotspots. Data provided here demonstrate this approach to save money, be broadly applicable worldwide, and potentially aid in precision management of the pandemic, thereby helping to accelerate the global economic recovery that billions of people rely upon for their livelihoods."}, {"pmid": 32461554, "pmcid": "PMC7253147", "title": "Colchicine's effects on metabolic and inflammatory molecules in adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome: results from a pilot randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Int J Obes (Lond)", "authors": ["Demidowich, Andrew P", "Levine, Jordan A", "Apps, Richard", "Cheung, Foo K", "Chen, Jinguo", "Fantoni, Giovanna", "Patel, Tushar P", "Yanovski, Jack A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461554", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that colchicine may have metabolic and cardiovascular and benefits in at-risk patients; however, the mechanisms through which colchicine may improve outcomes are still unclear. We sought to examine colchicine's effects on circulating inflammatory and metabolic molecules in adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Blood samples were collected pre- and post-intervention during a double-blind randomized controlled trial in which 40 adults with obesity and MetS were randomized to colchicine 0.6\u2009mg or placebo twice-daily for 3 months. Serum samples were analyzed for 1305 circulating factors using the SomaScan Platform. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to adjust the false discovery rate (FDR) for multiple testing. At baseline, age (48.0\u2009\u00b1\u200913.8 vs. 44.7\u2009\u00b1\u200910.3 years) and BMI (39.8\u2009\u00b1\u20096.4 vs. 41.8\u2009\u00b1\u20098.2\u2009kg/m2) were not different between groups. After controlling for the FDR, 34 molecules were significantly changed by colchicine. Colchicine decreased concentrations of multiple inflammatory molecules, including C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and resistin, in addition to vascular-related proteins (e.g., oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor, phosphodiesterase 5A). Conversely, relative to placebo, colchicine significantly increased concentrations of eight molecules including secreted factors associated with metabolism and anti-thrombosis. In adults with obesity, colchicine significantly affected concentrations of proteins involved in the innate immune system, endothelial function and atherosclerosis, uncovering new mechanisms behind its cardiometabolic effects. Further research is warranted to investigate whether colchicine's IL-6 suppressive effects may be beneficial in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32283577, "title": "Stability and Viability of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Lesho, Emil", "Laguio-Vila, Maryrose", "Walsh, Edward"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283577", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472253, "pmcid": "PMC7259739", "title": "Changes of the patient management in dentistry during the pandemic caused by the SARS-Coronavirus 2-initial perspectives of a clinic of operative dentistry in Europe.", "journal": "Clin Oral Investig", "authors": ["Rupf, Stefan", "Hannig, Matthias"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472253", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496269, "title": "Psychological distress during COVID-19 among Malayalam-speaking Indian expats in the middle east.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Uvais, N A", "Nalakath, Mohammed Jezeel", "Shihabudheen, P", "Hafi, N A Bishurul", "Rasmina, V", "Salman, C A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496269", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243238, "pmcid": "PMC7194020", "title": "Chest CT Features of COVID-19 in Rome, Italy.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Caruso, Damiano", "Zerunian, Marta", "Polici, Michela", "Pucciarelli, Francesco", "Polidori, Tiziano", "Rucci, Carlotta", "Guido, Gisella", "Bracci, Benedetta", "de Dominicis, Chiara", "Laghi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243238", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background The standard for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus is reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, but chest CT may play a complimentary role in the early detection of COVID-19 pneumonia. Purpose To investigate CT features of patients with COVID-19 in Rome, Italy, and to compare the accuracy of CT with RT-PCR. Methods In this prospective study from March 4, 2020, until March 19, 2020, consecutive patients with suspected COVID-19 infection and respiratory symptoms were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were: chest CT with contrast medium performed for vascular indications, patients who refused chest CT or hospitalization, and severe CT motion artifact. All patients underwent RT-PCR and chest CT. Diagnostic performance of CT was calculated using RT-PCR as reference. Chest CT features were calculated in a subgroup of RT-PCR-positive and CT-positive patients. CT features of hospitalized patients and patient in home isolation were compared by using Pearson chi squared test. Results Our study population comprised 158 consecutive study participants (83 male and 75 female, mean age 57 y \u00b117). Fever was observed in 97/158 (61%), cough in 88/158 (56%), dyspnea in 52/158 (33%), lymphocytopenia in 95/158 (60%), increased C-reactive protein level in 139/158 (88%), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase in 128/158 (81%) study participants. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CT were 97% (60/62)[95% IC, 88-99%], 56% (54/96)[95% IC,45-66%] and 72% (114/158)[95% IC 64-78%], respectively. In the subgroup of RT-PCR-positive and CT-positive patients, ground-glass opacities (GGO) were present in 58/58 (100%), multilobe and posterior involvement were both present in 54/58 (93%), bilateral pneumonia in 53/58 (91%), and subsegmental vessel enlargement (> 3 mm) in 52/58 (89%) of study participants. Conclusion The typical pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia in Rome, Italy, was peripherally ground-glass opacities with multilobe and posterior involvement, bilateral distribution, and subsegmental vessel enlargement (> 3 mm). Chest CT sensitivity was high (97%) but with lower specificity (56%)."}, {"pmid": 32295789, "title": "Role of immunosuppressive therapy in rheumatic diseases concurrent with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Lu, Chenyang", "Li, Shasha", "Liu, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295789", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371027, "pmcid": "PMC7194051", "title": "International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation: COVID-19 consensus on science, treatment recommendations and task force insights.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Perkins, G D", "Morley, P T", "Nolan, J P", "Soar, J", "Berg, K", "Olasveengen, T", "Wyckoff, M", "Greif, R", "Singletary, N", "Castren, M", "de Caen, A", "Wang, T", "Escalante, R", "Merchant, R M", "Hazinski, M", "Kloeck, D", "Heriot, G", "Couper, K", "Neumar, R"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371027", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Consensus on Science and Treatment recommendations aim to balance the benefits of early resuscitation with the potential for harm to care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chest compressions and cardiopulmonary resuscitation have the potential to generate aerosols. During the current COVID-19 pandemic lay rescuers should consider compressions and public-access defibrillation. Lay rescuers who are willing, trained and able to do so, should consider providing rescue breaths to infants and children in addition to chest compressions. Healthcare professionals should use personal protective equipment for aerosol generating procedures during resuscitation and may consider defibrillation before donning personal protective equipment for aerosol generating procedures."}, {"pmid": 32383963, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Review of the Literature and Proposal for Safe Autopsy Practice.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Aquila, Isabella", "Sacco, Matteo Antonio", "Abenavoli, Ludovico", "Malara, Natalia", "Arena, Vincenzo", "Grassi, Simone", "Ausania, Francesco", "Boccuto, Luigi", "Ricci, Cristoforo", "Gratteri, Santo", "Oliva, Antonio", "Ricci, Pietrantonio"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383963", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Context: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is significantly changing methodological approaches in all branches of the health system. From a forensic point of view, this event is partly changing the manner in which forensic pathologists and all those who work in autopsy services operate, but above all, it is changing the patterns established for years by which cadavers were analysed postmortem. Objective: To present a review of the literature and a proposal for COVID autopsy protocols. To contain the infection risk, a revision of all the protocols that until now have been applied to the examination of bodies that require autopsy services is required. Data source: Currently, the diagnosis and postmortem analysis of positive or suspected COVID-19 cases plays a crucial role in scientific research. A review of the main recommendations proposed by international scientific societies regarding the risk of infection during autopsy has been carried out. Scientific papers currently available via the PubMed NCBI search engine on COVID-19 postmortem diagnosis were also examined. Discussion: Throughout the history of medicine, the role of autopsy has been fundamental to the understanding of multiple pathogenic processes that are investigated postmortem through autopsy. The purpose of the study is to propose an operating protocol that can be useful for all clinical and forensic autopsies with particular reference to the correct methods to be applied to the examination of positive or suspected COVID-19 cases regarding both the autopsy procedure and the collection and analysis of biological samples."}, {"pmid": 32077996, "pmcid": "PMC7080064", "title": "Intensive care during the coronavirus epidemic.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Qiu, Haibo", "Tong, Zhaohui", "Ma, Penglin", "Hu, Ming", "Peng, Zhiyong", "Wu, Wenjuan", "Du, Bin"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077996", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434774, "title": "Managing patients with choroidal melanoma in the COVID-19 era: a personal perspective.", "journal": "Br J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Damato, Bertil"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434774", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328206, "pmcid": "PMC7177067", "title": "[Treatment of primary and metastatic peritoneal tumors in the Covid-19 pandemic Proposals for prioritization from the RENAPE and BIG-RENAPE groups].", "authors": ["Glehen, O", "Kepenekian, V", "Bouche, O", "Gladieff, L", "Honore, C", "Big-Renape, Renape-"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328206", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic is profoundly changing the organization of healthcare access. This is particularly so for peritoneal neoplastic diseases, for which curative treatment mobilizes substantial personnel, operating room and intensive care resources. The BIG-RENAPE and RENAPE groups have made tentative proposals for prioritizing care provision.A tightening of the usual selection criteria is needed for curative care: young patients with few or no comorbidities and limited peritoneal extension. It is desirable to prioritize disease conditions for which cytoreduction surgery with or without associated hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the gold-standard treatment, and for which systemic chemotherapy cannot be a temporary or long-term alternative: pseudomyxoma peritonei, resectable malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas, peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin if they are resectable and unresponsive to systemic chemotherapy after up to 12 courses, first-line ovarian carcinomatosis if resectable or in interval surgery after at most six courses of systemic chemotherapy. Addition of HIPEC must be discussed case by case in an expert center. The prioritization of indications must consider local conditions and the phase of the epidemic to allow optimal peri-operative care."}, {"pmid": 32271374, "pmcid": "PMC7184513", "title": "Effect of throat washings on detection of 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Guo, Wen-Liang", "Jiang, Qian", "Ye, Feng", "Li, Shao-Qiang", "Hong, Cheng", "Chen, Li-Yan", "Li, Shi-Yue"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271374", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus was detected in the self-collected throat washings. Positive testing rate of throat washing was much higher than that of Nasopharyngeal swabs. Throat washing is a promising candidate for 2019-nCoV screening and monitoring due to its noninvasive and reliability."}, {"pmid": 32149484, "title": "[Epidemiological investigation of a family clustering of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Guan, Q", "Liu, M", "Zhuang, Y J", "Yuan, Y", "Wang, S S", "Li, J", "Chen, Z", "Yang, X L", "Tang, Z R", "Jia, H J", "Ma, J Y", "Wang, X X", "Tai, P G", "Li, J", "He, Y"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149484", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of a family clustering of COVID-19. Methods: Field epidemiological survey was conducted. Results: Case 1 of the long-term residents from Hubei province was the source of infection of this family clustering. There were 6 cases (from case 2 to case 7) infected in the whole incubation period. The incubation period was more than 14 days for 3 of the second-generation cases. Routes of transmission included respiratory droplets (from case 1 transmitted to case 6, from case 1 to her family members) and close contact (from case 1 to other cases in her family). All the age groups were generally susceptible, while elderly were easier to progress to critically ill. Besides respiratory symptoms, there were also gastrointestinal symptoms, of which diarrhea was the most common one. Conclusions: Family clustering had been an important part for COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32337613, "pmcid": "PMC7183817", "title": "COVID-19 and the role of 3D printing in medicine.", "journal": "3D Print Med", "authors": ["Tino, Rance", "Moore, Ryan", "Antoline, Sam", "Ravi, Prashanth", "Wake, Nicole", "Ionita, Ciprian N", "Morris, Jonathan M", "Decker, Summer J", "Sheikh, Adnan", "Rybicki, Frank J", "Chepelev, Leonid L"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337613", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420960, "title": "COVID 19 and Spanish flu pandemics: All it changes, nothing changes.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Franchini, Antonia Francesca", "Auxilia, Francesco", "Galimberti, Paolo M", "Piga, Maria Antonella", "Castaldi, Silvana", "Porro, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420960", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Corona Virus 19 (COVID 19) epidemic is an infectious disease which was declared as a pandemic and hit all the Countries, all over the world, from the beginning of the year 2020. There are many similarities between the COVID 19 epidemic and the Spanish flu epidemic. We considered some preventive measures which do not change in the two epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32424616, "pmcid": "PMC7234447", "title": "A special symptom of olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019: report of three cases.", "journal": "J Neurovirol", "authors": ["Chen, Chen", "Chen, Moxian", "Cheng, Cong", "Chi, Yun", "Hu, Zhiliang", "Liu, Yuan", "Huang, Shan", "Lv, Yanling", "Liang, Chongfeng", "Jiao, Damin", "Yi, Yongxiang", "Zhang, Xia", "Sun, Wenkui", "Wei, Hongxia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424616", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Three patients of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) showed the symptoms of olfactory dysfunction. Clinical characteristics and treatment were retrospective analyzed. Olfactory disorders are uncommon symptoms of COVID-19 in China. Early diagnosis and intervention are keys to the recovery of olfactory disorders. Particular attention should be devoted to olfactory dysfunction."}, {"pmid": 32520475, "title": "Dynamics of COVID-19 outbreak in Poland: an epidemiological analysis of the first two months of the epidemic.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Raciborski, Filip", "Pinkas, Jaroslaw", "Jankowski, Mateusz", "Sierpinski, Radoslaw", "Zgliczynski, Wojciech S", "Szumowski, Lukasz", "Rakocy, Kamil", "Wierzba, Waldemar", "Gujski, Mariusz"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520475", "countries": ["Poland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Our aim was to present an epidemiological analysis of the first two months (March and April 2020) of the COVID-19 epidemic in Poland. This analysis was based on data from epidemiological reports collected between March 4 and April 30, 2020, by the Chief Sanitary Inspectorate. These epidemiological reports include data on sociodemographic characteristics of new laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, the number of COVID-19 related deaths, the number of recovered COVID-19 patients, as well as the number of laboratory tests performed.\u00a0 Results: From March 4 to April 30, 2020, a total of 12,877 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases were registered in Poland (55.7% women, mean age 50.6 (20.5) years). The RT-PCR test was performed on 338,000 patients. The notification rate for COVID-19 was 33.2 per 100,000 inhabitants. One-third of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases were among quarantined persons, 26.1% were related to the healthcare system (hospital or clinic), and 13.3% occurred in nursing homes. As of April 30, 2020, 644 COVID-19-related deaths were registered in Poland (46.5% women). The death rate for the whole country was 1.7 per 100,000 inhabitants. Our data show higher notification rate for COVID-19 among women than men but men more likely to die from COVID-19. The notification rate for COVID-19 in Poland among women aged 45-54 years is two times higher than among men."}, {"pmid": 32383239, "pmcid": "PMC7262001", "title": "Diabetes or endocrinopathy admitted in the COVID-19 ward.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Clotman, Katrien", "Twickler, Marcel B"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383239", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic confronted us with unknown clinical pictures, also in diabetology and endocrinology. Sharing clinical experiences is therefore of enormous importance. Actually, information about the care given in the Covid-19 ward (in contrast to that provided in the Emergency Room/ICU) is still sparse. The last weeks we built experience and gathered knowledge while giving hospital care to patients who had a pre-existent endocrine disease (and diabetes; most patients suffered from a type two diabetes). In our contribution we presented our insights obtained from this intensive period obtained in the Covid-19 ward."}, {"pmid": 32221579, "title": "Sourcing Personal Protective Equipment During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Livingston, Edward", "Desai, Angel", "Berkwits, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221579", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369606, "title": "COVID-19 Infection and Sickle Cell Disease: A UK Centre Experience.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["McCloskey, Kayleigh A", "Meenan, John", "Hall, Rhys", "Tsitsikas, Dimitris A"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369606", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have been included in the \"high risk\" group of the population. This is due to their impaired immunity resulting from functional hyposplenism, systemic vasculopathy that predisposes them to end organ dysfunction, and a high risk of thrombosis (Ware et al, 2017)."}, {"pmid": 32346473, "pmcid": "PMC7187812", "title": "Foot and ankle service adaptation in response to COVID-19 and beyond.", "journal": "Ann Med Surg (Lond)", "authors": ["Feeley, I", "McAleese, T", "Clesham, K", "Maloney, D", "Crozier-Shaw, G", "Hughes, A", "Bayer, T"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346473", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209539, "title": "Clare Gerada: Doctors on the covid-19 front line also need to protect themselves and their colleagues.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Gerada, Clare"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209539", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498766, "pmcid": "PMC7177114", "title": "Hypoxia in COVID-19: Sign of Severity or Cause for Poor Outcomes.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Kashani, Kianoush B"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498766", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405058, "title": "Caring for patients with cancer in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["van de Haar, Joris", "Hoes, Louisa R", "Coles, Charlotte E", "Seamon, Kenneth", "Frohling, Stefan", "Jager, Dirk", "Valenza, Franco", "de Braud, Filippo", "De Petris, Luigi", "Bergh, Jonas", "Ernberg, Ingemar", "Besse, Benjamin", "Barlesi, Fabrice", "Garralda, Elena", "Piris-Gimenez, Alejandro", "Baumann, Michael", "Apolone, Giovanni", "Soria, Jean Charles", "Tabernero, Josep", "Caldas, Carlos", "Voest, Emile E"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405058", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic challenges oncologists to profoundly re-organize oncological care in order to dramatically reduce hospital visits and admissions and therapy-induced immune-related complications without compromising cancer outcomes. Since COVID-19 is a novel disease, guidance by scientific evidence is often unavailable, and impactful decisions are inevitably made on the basis of expert opinions. Here we report how the seven comprehensive cancer centers of Cancer Core Europe have organized their healthcare systems at an unprecedented scale and pace to make their operations 'pandemic proof'. We identify and discuss many commonalities, but also important local differences, and pinpoint critical research priorities to enable evidence-based remodeling of cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, we discuss how the current situation offers a unique window of opportunity for assessing the effects of de-escalating anticancer regimens, which may fast-forward the development of more-refined and less-toxic treatments. By sharing our joint experiences, we offer a roadmap for proceeding and aim to mobilize the global research community to generate the data that are critically needed to offer the best possible care to patients."}, {"pmid": 32336225, "title": "Recovering from the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Focus on Older Adults.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Morrow-Howell, Nancy", "Galucia, Natalie", "Swinford, Emma"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As we look toward recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, we overview challenges to be minimized, including economic setbacks, health and well-being effects, and highlighted ageism, racism, and classism. We articulate opportunities to be seized, including increased comfort with technology and online platforms; stronger family and intergenerational connections, renewed energy to combat social isolation; more respect for self-care and time management; increased awareness about the importance of advance directives; and, potentially, increased interest across disciplines to work on issues of aging society. Ongoing efforts to improve policies and programs for longer, healthier lives might now be more productive, as we communicate to consumers, public officials, and everyday citizens who may be more aware of what isn't working, what is at stake, and what might be improved."}, {"pmid": 32306860, "pmcid": "PMC7212546", "title": "Moroccan Medicinal plants as inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 main protease: Computational investigations.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Aanouz, I", "Belhassan, A", "El-Khatabi, K", "Lakhlifi, T", "El-Ldrissi, M", "Bouachrine, M"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306860", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new Corona-virus, recently called the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) appears for the first time in China and more precisely in Wuhan (December 2019). This disease can be fatal. Seniors, and people with other medical conditions (diabetes, heart disease\u2026), may be more vulnerable and become seriously ill. This is why research into drugs to treat this infection remains essential in several research laboratories. Natural herbal remedies have long been the main, if not the only, remedy in the oral tradition for treating illnesses. Modern medicine has known its success thanks to traditional medicine, the effectiveness of which derives from medicinal plants. The objective of this study is to determine if the components of natural origin have an anti-viral effect and which can prevent humans from infection by this coronavirus using the most reliable method is molecular docking, which used to find the interaction between studied molecules and the protein, in our case we based on the inhibitor of Coronavirus (nCoV-2019) main protease. The results of molecular docking showed that among 67 molecules of natural origin, three molecules (Crocin, Digitoxigenin, and \u03b2-Eudesmol) are proposed as inhibitors against the coronavirus based on the energy types of interaction between these molecules and studied protein. [Formula: see text]Communicated by Ramaswamy H. SarmaHighlightsDetermine natural compounds that can have an anti-viral effect and which can prevent humans from infection by this coronavirus;Molecular docking to find interaction between the molecules studied and the receptor of COVID-19;The synthesis of these molecules and the evaluation of their in vitro activity against SARS-Cov-2 could be interesting."}, {"pmid": 32498797, "pmcid": "PMC7144610", "title": "COVID-19: Impact on Perianesthesia Nursing Areas.", "journal": "J Perianesth Nurs", "authors": ["Stannard, Daphne"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498797", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426064, "pmcid": "PMC7229445", "title": "Neurosurgery Residents' Perspective on COVID-19: Knowledge, Readiness, and Impact of this Pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Alhaj, Ahmad K", "Al-Saadi, Tariq", "Mohammad, Fadil", "Alabri, Said"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426064", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a life-threatening illness, which represents a challenge to all health care workers. Neurosurgeons worldwide are affected in different ways. This is the first study regarding the readiness of neurosurgery residents for the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact. The aim is to identify the level of knowledge and readiness and the impact of this virus among neurosurgery residents in different programs. A cross-sectional analysis was performed in which 52 neurosurgery residents from different centers were selected to complete a questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire comprised 3 sections and 27 questions that ranged from knowledge to impact of the pandemic on various features. The median knowledge score was 4 out of 5. The proportion of participants with a satisfactory level of knowledge was 60%. There was a statistically significant difference between the knowledge score and location of the program. Around 48% of the neurosurgery residents dealt directly with patients with COVID-19. Receiving a session about personal protective equipment was reported by 57.7%. Neurosurgery training at the hospital was affected. About 90% believed that this pandemic had influenced their mental health. Neurosurgery residents have a relatively good knowledge about COVID-19. The location of the program was associated with knowledge level. Most participants did not receive sufficient training about personal protective equipment. Almost all responders agreed that their training at the hospital had been affected. Further studies are needed to study the impact of this pandemic on neurosurgery residents."}, {"pmid": 32503092, "title": "Risk of COVID-19 infection in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Fan, Moli", "Qiu, Wei", "Bu, Bitao", "Xu, Yan", "Yang, Huan", "Huang, Dehui", "Lau, Alexander Y", "Guo, Jun", "Zhang, Mei-Ni", "Zhang, Xinghu", "Yang, Chun-Sheng", "Chen, Jingshan", "Zheng, Pei", "Liu, Qiang", "Zhang, Chao", "Shi, Fu-Dong"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503092", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) may alter the immune status and thus increase the susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with MS or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). However, evidence supporting this notion is currently lacking. In this study, we conducted a survey on the risk of COVID-19 in patients with MS and NMOSD. The survey was conducted through the Chinese Medical Network for Neuroinflammation. Patients in 10 MS centers from 8 cities including Wuhan were included. Information about MS and NMOSD disease duration and the usage of DMDs were collected. Data of suspected cases of COVID-19 were obtained from hospital visits, questionnaires, and patient self-reporting. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was confirmed through clinical evaluation by a panel of experts in conjunction with chest CT and viral RNA detection. Eight hundred eighty-two of 1,804 (48.89%) patients with MS and 2,129 of 3,060 (69.58%) patients with NMOSD were receiving DMDs. There were no alterations in the patients' DMD regimen during January 15, 2020, to March 15, 2020, the 3-month period. None of the patients with MS treated with DMDs had COVID-19. However, 2 patients with relapsing NMOSD were diagnosed with COVID-19-related pneumonia. After treatment, both patients recovered from pneumonia and neither patient experienced new attacks due to predisposing SARS-CoV-2 infection in the following 2 months. No increased risk of COVID-19 infection was observed in patients with MS or NMOSD, irrespective of whether these patients received DMDs. A battery of stringent preventive measures adopted by neurologists to reduce COVID-19 infection in these patients may have contributed to low risk of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32430081, "pmcid": "PMC7235536", "title": "Rumors and incorrect reports are more deadly than the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Antimicrob Resist Infect Control", "authors": ["Jalali, Rostam", "Mohammadi, Masoud"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430081", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320677, "pmcid": "PMC7172841", "title": "Complex Immune Dysregulation in COVID-19 Patients with Severe Respiratory Failure.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J", "Netea, Mihai G", "Rovina, Nikoletta", "Akinosoglou, Karolina", "Antoniadou, Anastasia", "Antonakos, Nikolaos", "Damoraki, Georgia", "Gkavogianni, Theologia", "Adami, Maria-Evangelia", "Katsaounou, Paraskevi", "Ntaganou, Maria", "Kyriakopoulou, Magdalini", "Dimopoulos, George", "Koutsodimitropoulos, Ioannis", "Velissaris, Dimitrios", "Koufargyris, Panagiotis", "Karageorgos, Athanassios", "Katrini, Konstantina", "Lekakis, Vasileios", "Lupse, Mihaela", "Kotsaki, Antigone", "Renieris, George", "Theodoulou, Danai", "Panou, Vassiliki", "Koukaki, Evangelia", "Koulouris, Nikolaos", "Gogos, Charalambos", "Koutsoukou, Antonia"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320677", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Proper management of COVID-19 mandates better understanding of disease pathogenesis. The sudden clinical deterioration 7-8\u00a0days after initial symptom onset suggests that severe respiratory failure (SRF) in COVID-19 is driven by a unique pattern of immune dysfunction. We studied immune responses of 54 COVID-19 patients, 28 of whom had SRF. All patients with SRF displayed either macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) or very low human leukocyte antigen D related (HLA-DR) expression accompanied by profound depletion of CD4 lymphocytes, CD19 lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by circulating monocytes was sustained, a pattern distinct from bacterial sepsis or influenza. SARS-CoV-2 patient plasma inhibited HLA-DR expression, and this was partially restored by the IL-6 blocker Tocilizumab; off-label Tocilizumab treatment of patients was accompanied by increase in circulating lymphocytes. Thus, the unique pattern of immune dysregulation in severe COVID-19 is characterized by IL-6-mediated low HLA-DR expression and lymphopenia, associated with sustained cytokine production and hyper-inflammation."}, {"pmid": 32468851, "pmcid": "PMC7265683", "title": "Facing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in immunotherapy era.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Citarella, Fabrizio", "Russano, Marco", "Pantano, Francesco", "Dell'Aquila, Emanuela", "Vincenzi, Bruno", "Tonini, Giuseppe", "Santini, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468851", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread represents a sanitary emergency all over the world. Viral biology is only partially known with some aspects in common with other CoV and the damage observed in most severe cases is due to intense inflammation. Immunotherapy restores immunological activity against cancer cells and it has become a standard treatment for several cancers. We carried out an examination of available data concerning with the effects exerted by both SARS-CoV-2 and the most widespread immunotherapy treatments on the immune system in order to hypothesize mechanisms underlying potential and mutual interaction. We provided an analysis of laboratory, clinical and therapeutic data related with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. We finally focused on implications of immunotherapy treatments in clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32473977, "pmcid": "PMC7256514", "title": "Unfolding SARS-CoV-2 viral genome to understand its gene expression regulation.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Dinka, Hunduma", "Milkesa, Ashenafi"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473977", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus responsible for an outbreak of respiratory illness known as COVID-19, which has spread to several countries around the world and a global effort is being undertaken to characterize the molecular features and evolutionary origins of this virus. In silico analysis of the transcription start sites, promoter regions, transcription factors and their binding sites, gene ontology, CpG islands for SARS-CoV-2 viral genome are a first step to understand the regulation mechanisms of gene expression and its association with genetic variations in the genomes. For this purpose, we first computationally surveyed all SARS-CoV-2 virus genes with the open reading frames from NCBI database and found eleven sequences to accomplish the mentioned features by using bioinformatics tools. Our analysis revealed that all (100%) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus genes have more than one TSS. By taking all TSSs with the highest predictive score we determined promoter regions and identified five common candidate motifs (MVI, MVII, MVIII, MVIV and MVV) of which MVI was found to be shared by all promoter regions of SARS-CoV-2 virus genes with the least E-value (3.8e-056, statistically highly significant). In our further analysis of MVI we showed MVI serve as binding sites for a single transcription factor (TF) family, EXPREG, involved in the regulatory mode of these genes. From EXPREG family four TFs that belongs to Cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP) and Catabolite control protein A (CcpA) group mostly serve as transcriptional activator whereas two TFs that belong to LexA group always serve as transcriptional repressor in different kinds of cellular processes and molecular functions. Therefore, we unfolded SARS-CoV-2 viral genome to shed light on its gene expression regulation that could help to design and evaluate diagnostic tests, to track and trace the ongoing outbreak and to identify potential intervention options."}, {"pmid": 32242350, "pmcid": "PMC7131905", "title": "A Lesson from Temporary Closing of a Single University-affiliated Hospital owing to In-Hospital Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lee, Heayon", "Heo, Jung Won", "Kim, Sei Won", "Lee, Jehoon", "Choi, Jung Hyun"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242350", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406551, "pmcid": "PMC7272803", "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the utilization of emergency urological services.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Madanelo, M", "Ferreira, C", "Nunes-Carneiro, D", "Pinto, A", "Rocha, M A", "Correia, J", "Teixeira, B", "Mendes, G", "Tavares, C", "Mesquita, S", "Fraga, A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406551", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare the number of patients attending the Urology ED of Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto (CHUP), as well as their demographic characteristics, the reasons for admission, the clinical severity under the Manchester triage system (MTS), and the need for emergency surgery or hospitalization, during the pandemic and the equivalent period in 2019. Data were collected from patients attending the Urology emergency ward of CHUP during three weeks - from March 11th 2020 to April 1st 2020 - and from the same period the previous year (from March 11th to April 1st 2019). During the pandemic, 46.4% fewer patients visited our urological ED (122 vs 263). There was no significant difference of the mean age or the number of old patients (with 65 or more years old) between the two periods. However, significantly fewer female patients sought emergency urological services during the COVID-19 pandemic period (32.7% vs. 14.8%, p<0.05). No significant differences were noted between different clinical severity groups under the MTS. In 2019, significantly less patients required hospitalization. The most common reasons for admission, during both periods, were hematuria, renal colic and urinary tract infections (UTI). The authors recognize that the study has several limitations, namely, those inherent to its retrospective nature. COVID-19 significantly influenced people's urological care-seeking behaviour. Understanding the present situation is helpful for the prediction of future urological needs. Based on the results of this study, we have reasons to speculate that people's requirements for urological services might grow explosively in the post-COVID-19 period. There should be further studies about the real state of long-term urological services and the consequences that this pandemic may have in terms of morbimortality not directly related to the virus."}, {"pmid": 32293816, "title": "The impact of covid-19 on rehabilitation services and activities. Letter to the editor in response to official document of SIMFER.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Singh, Rajiv", "Burn, John", "Sivan, Manoj"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293816", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484753, "title": "Staying Isolated in Order to Stay Safe: Exploring Experiences of the MIT AgeLab 85+ Lifestyle Leaders during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Miller, Julie B", "Patskanick, Taylor R", "D'Ambrosio, Lisa A", "Coughlin, Joseph F"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484753", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249715, "pmcid": "PMC7273865", "title": "Recommendations for Tiered Stratification of Urological Surgery Urgency in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Goldman, Howard B", "Haber, George P"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249715", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347022, "pmcid": "PMC7188967", "title": "The Outbreak of COVID-19 and Diabetes in Korea: \"We Will Find a Way as We Have Always Done\".", "journal": "Diabetes Metab J", "authors": ["Won, Kyu Chang", "Yoon, Kun Ho"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347022", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473193, "pmcid": "PMC7253986", "title": "Single cell RNA sequencing analysis did not predict hepatocyte infection by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["De Smet, Vincent", "Verhulst, Stefaan", "van Grunsven, Leo A"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473193", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305632, "pmcid": "PMC7162786", "title": "COVID-19: The time for action is just now; It's still not too late.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hamidian Jahromi, Alireza", "Mazloom, Samira", "Ballard, David H"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305632", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32133832, "title": "[WITHDRAWN: Potential false-positive rate among the 'asymptomatic infected individuals' in close contacts of COVID-19 patients].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhuang, G H", "Shen, M W", "Zeng, L X", "Mi, B B", "Chen, F Y", "Liu, W J", "Pei, L L", "Qi, X", "Li, C"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133832", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Editor office\u2019s response for Ahead of Print article withdrawn The article \u201cPotential false-positive rate among the \u2018asymptomatic infected individuals\u2019 in close contacts of COVID-19 patients\u201d was under strong discussion after pre-published. Questions from the readers mainly focused on the article\u2019s results and conclusions were depended on theoretical deduction, but not the field epidemiology data and further researches were needed to prove the current theory. Based on previous discussions, the article was decided to be offline by the editorial board from the pre-publish lists.\nObjective: As the prevention and control of COVID-19continues to advance, the active nucleic acid test screening in the close contacts of the patients has been carrying out in many parts of China. However, the false-positive rate of positive results in the screening has not been reported up to now. But\u00a0to\u00a0clearify\u00a0the\u00a0false-positive\u00a0rate\u00a0during\u00a0screening\u00a0is\u00a0important\u00a0in\u00a0COVID-19\u00a0control\u00a0and\u00a0prevention. Methods: Point values and reasonable ranges of the indicators which impact the false-positive rate of positive results were estimated based on the information available to us at present. The false-positive rate of positive results in the active screening was deduced, and univariate and multivariate-probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to understand the robustness of the findings. Results: When the infection rate of the close contacts and the sensitivity and specificity of reported results were taken as the point estimates, the positive predictive value of the active screening was only 19.67%, in contrast, the false-positive rate of positive results was 80.33%. The multivariate-probabilistic sensitivity analysis results supported the base-case findings, with a 75% probability for the false-positive rate of positive results over 47%. Conclusions: In the close contacts of COVID-19 patients, nearly half or even more of the 'asymptomatic infected individuals' reported in the active nucleic acid test screening might be false positives."}, {"pmid": 32419667, "title": "Bereavement in the Time of Coronavirus: Unprecedented Challenges Demand Novel Interventions.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Carr, Deborah", "Boerner, Kathrin", "Moorman, Sara"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419667", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 fatalities exemplify \"bad deaths\" and are distinguished by physical discomfort, difficulty breathing, social isolation, psychological distress, and care that may be discordant with the patient's preferences. Each of these death attributes is a well-documented correlate of bereaved survivors' symptoms of depression, anxiety, and anger. Yet the grief experienced by survivors of COVID-related deaths is compounded by the erosion of coping resources like social support, contemporaneous stressors including social isolation, financial precarity, uncertainty about the future, lack of routine, and the loss of face-to-face mourning rituals that provide a sense of community and uplift. National efforts to enhance advance care planning may help dying patients to receive care that is concordant with the preferences of them and their families. Virtual funeral services, pairing bereaved elders with a telephone companion, remote counseling, and encouraging \"continuing bonds\" may help older adults adapt to loss in the time of pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32421095, "pmcid": "PMC7224641", "title": "Commentary: Cardiothoracic Surgery and COVID-19: A Surge of Collective Strength.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Han, Jason J", "Atluri, Pavan"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421095", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393407, "pmcid": "PMC7264450", "title": "COVID-19: it is time to balance infection management and person-centered care to maintain mental health of people living in German nursing homes.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Dichter, Martin N", "Sander, Marco", "Seismann-Petersen, Swantje", "Kopke, Sascha"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393407", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513658, "title": "Covid-19: PHE review has failed ethnic minorities, leaders tell BMJ.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513658", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501321, "pmcid": "PMC7252012", "title": "An uncommon cold.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["King, Anthony"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501321", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The covid-19 virus isn't the first coronavirus to jump from animals to humans. What can we learn from previous encounters, asks Anthony King."}, {"pmid": 32386570, "pmcid": "PMC7252006", "title": "Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 replication in the context of other respiratory viruses.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Belser, Jessica A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386570", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364528, "pmcid": "PMC7244080", "title": "Typical radiological progression and clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Wang, Min", "Guo, Linghong", "Chen, Qi", "Xia, Guojin", "Wang, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364528", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to describe typical radiological features and progression of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. We reviewed the chest CT scans, laboratory findings, and clinical records of 66 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to affiliated hospitals of Nanchang university, Nanchang, China, from Jan 21 to Feb 2, 2020. CT was used to evaluate the radiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients. Only 4 patients (4/66, 6%) claimed their exposure to COVID-19 pneumonia patients. The major symptoms were fever (60/66, 91%) and cough (37/66, 56%). The predominant features of lesion were scattered (43/66, 65%), bilateral (50/66, 76%), ground-glass opacity (64/66, 97%), and air bronchogram sign (47/66, 71%). Forty-eight patients (48/66, 73%) had more than two lobes involved. Right lower lobe (58/66, 88%) and left lower lobe (49/66, 74%) were most likely invaded. Twelve patients (12/66, 18%) had at least one comorbid condition. Pleural traction (29/66, 44%), crazy paving (15/66, 23%), interlobular septal thickening (11/66, 17%), and consolidation (7/66, 11%) were also observed. The typical radiology features of COVID-19 patients are scattered ground-glass opacity in the bilateral lobes. Fever and cough are the major symptoms. Evaluating chest CT, clinical symptoms, and laboratory results could facilitate the early diagnosis of COVID-19, and judge disease progression."}, {"pmid": 32371437, "title": "Covid-19: Are chest compressions an aerosol generating procedure or not?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Hassan, Zack As"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371437", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205119, "pmcid": "PMC7102615", "title": "One size does not fit all - Patterns of vulnerability and resilience in the COVID-19 pandemic and why heterogeneity of disease matters.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Sominsky, Luba", "Walker, David W", "Spencer, Sarah J"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436460, "pmcid": "PMC7243041", "title": "TNFalpha inhibitor may be effective for severe COVID-19: learning from toxic epidermal necrolysis.", "journal": "Ther Adv Respir Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Xue-Yan", "Yan, Bing-Xi", "Man, Xiao-Yong"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436460", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increased inflammatory cytokines [such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] are observed in COVID-19 patients, especially in the severe group. The phenomenon of a cytokine storm may be the central inducer of apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, which leads to rapid progression in severe group patients. Given the similarities of clinical features and pathogenesis between toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and COVID-19, we hypothesize that the application of etanercept, an inhibitor of TNF\u03b1, could attenuate disease progression in severe group COVID-19 patients by suppressing systemic auto-inflammatory responses. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section."}, {"pmid": 32442642, "pmcid": "PMC7235563", "title": "Managing Uveitis During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Smith, Justine R", "Lai, Timothy Yy"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442642", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444427, "title": "COVID-19-White matter and globus pallidum lesions: Demyelination or small-vessel vasculitis?", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Brun, Gilles", "Hak, Jean-Francois", "Coze, Stephanie", "Kaphan, Elsa", "Carvelli, Julien", "Girard, Nadine", "Stellmann, Jan-Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444427", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299750, "pmcid": "PMC7194869", "title": "Post-Discharge Cardiac Care in the Era of Coronavirus 2019: How Should We Prepare?", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Percy, Edward", "Luc, Jessica G Y", "Vervoort, Dominique", "Hirji, Sameer", "Ruel, Marc", "Coutinho, Thais"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299750", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic has placed intense pressure on health care organizations around the world. Among other concerns, there has been an increasing recognition of common and deleterious cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 based on preliminary studies. Furthermore, patients with preexisting cardiac disease are likely to experience a more severe disease course with COVID-19. As case numbers continue to increase exponentially, a surge in the number of patients with new or comorbid cardiovascular disease will translate into more frequent and, in some cases, prolonged rehabilitation needs after acute hospitalization. This report describes the current status of post-discharge cardiac care in Canada and provides suggestions regarding steps that policymakers and health care organizations can take to prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32246793, "title": "Clinician Mental Health and Well-Being During Global Healthcare Crises: Evidence Learned From Prior Epidemics for COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Worldviews Evid Based Nurs", "authors": ["Jun, Jin", "Tucker, Sharon", "Melnyk, Bernadette Mazurek"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246793", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527909, "title": "Zooming in to Westminster.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527909", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One of BVA's key roles is informing parliamentarians about the issues affecting the veterinary profession and lobbying directly on behalf of members. In early June we organised a virtual Westminster briefing for MPs and Peers to bring them up to date with the impact of Covid-19 on vets across the UK."}, {"pmid": 32519921, "title": "COVID-19 in a severe eosinophilic asthmatic receiving benralizumab - a case study.", "journal": "J Asthma", "authors": ["Renner, Andreas", "Marth, Katharina", "Patocka, Karin", "Pohl, Wolfgang"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519921", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction: Only little is known about COVID-19 in patients with asthma. There is no data on COVID-19 in patients with severe asthma or patients with asthma who are treated with monoclonal antibodies. Case Study: Here, we present the case of a severe eosinophilic asthmatic in whom benralizumab treatment, an anti-IL-5R monoclonal antibody, was initiated 2 years ago. Prior to benralizumab treatment, every viral infection had resulted in a prolonged course of oral corticosteroids (OCS). Since initiation of benralizumab, the patient has had good asthma control. Mid-March 2020, the patient developed high fever. Results: A SARS-CoV-2-PCR (nasopharyngeal swab) was positive. The patient's symptoms subsided after few days. No OCS was needed. The asthma control questionnaire 6-item scale worsened moderately in the week of the infection and returned to normal levels thereafter. The asthma control test, measuring longer term asthma control, showed no decline. Conclusion: The course of COVID-19 was very mild in this particular patient with severe eosinophilic asthma. So far, there is no evidence that would suggest a more severe course of COVID-19 in patients with asthma. It is worth noting, that prior to the initiation of benralizumab this patient had multiple exacerbations per year triggered by viral infections (4/year), which all required OCS. Whilst only anecdotal, this case study provides the first evidence to support the current recommendation of continuing monoclonal antibodies in patients with severe asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32252141, "pmcid": "PMC7170784", "title": "Epidemiology, virology, and clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome -coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus Disease-19).", "journal": "Clin Exp Pediatr", "authors": ["Park, Su Eun"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252141", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of severe pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was isolated from lower respiratory tract sample as the causative agent. The current outbreak of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 rapidly spread into at least 114 countries and killed more than 4,000 people by March 11 2020. WHO officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There have been 2 novel coronavirus outbreaks in the past 2 decades. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003 caused by SARS-CoV had a case fatality rate of around 10% (8,098 confirmed cases and 774 deaths), while Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by MERSCoV killed 861 people out of a total 2,502 confirmed cases between 2012 and 2019. The purpose of this review is to summarize known-to-date information about SARS-CoV-2, transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and clinical features."}, {"pmid": 32282974, "pmcid": "PMC7262025", "title": "Latin American healthcare systems in times of pandemic.", "journal": "Dev World Bioeth", "authors": ["Litewka, Sergio G", "Heitman, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282974", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID- 19 pandemic is a critical test for the already overburdened and mostly underfunded public healthcare systems of Latin America. In a region that suffers from severe inequalities, public healthcare systems are the only source of medical care for a large sector of the population who work in the informal economy or are unemployed. State-run hospitals and clinics are already overstressed by continuous demand for treatment of vector-borne diseases and community-acquired infections as well as high rates of non-communicable diseases. Ideological misconceptions and denial among Latin America's political leaders prevented timely preparations for the pandemic and added to chronic governance problems. As ethical expertise in Latin America focuses on research ethics, few hospitals in the region have functioning clinical ethics committees or clinical ethics policy, forcing healthcare personnel to make excruciating treatment decisions in an environment dominated by material scarcity and public distrust. This essay examines the emergence of COVID-19 in Latin America and the serious challenge that it poses for Latin America's public\u00a0healthcare systems."}, {"pmid": 32296886, "pmcid": "PMC7159284", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: guidance for nuclear medicine departments.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Paez, D", "Gnanasegaran, G", "Fanti, S", "Bomanji, J", "Hacker, M", "Sathekge, M", "Bom, H S", "Cerci, J J", "Chiti, A", "Herrmann, K", "Scott, A M", "Czernin, J", "El-Haj, N", "Estrada, E", "Pellet, O", "Orellana, P", "Giammarile, F", "Abdel-Wahab, M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296886", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145466, "pmcid": "PMC7128842", "title": "Serial interval of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infections.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nishiura, Hiroshi", "Linton, Natalie M", "Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145466", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To estimate the serial interval of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) from information on 28 infector-infectee pairs. We collected dates of illness onset for primary cases (infectors) and secondary cases (infectees) from published research articles and case investigation reports. We subjectively ranked the credibility of the data and performed analyses on both the full dataset (n = 28) and a subset of pairs with highest certainty in reporting (n = 18). In addition, we adjust for right truncation of the data as the epidemic is still in its growth phase. Accounting for right truncation and analyzing all pairs, we estimated the median serial interval at 4.0 days (95% credible interval [CrI]: 3.1, 4.9). Limiting our data to only the most certain pairs, the median serial interval was estimated at 4.6 days (95% CrI: 3.5, 5.9). The serial interval of COVID-19 is close to or shorter than its median incubation period. This suggests that a substantial proportion of secondary transmission may occur prior to illness onset. The COVID-19 serial interval is also shorter than the serial interval of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), indicating that calculations made using the SARS serial interval may introduce bias."}, {"pmid": 32357424, "title": "Mitigating the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers: A Digital Learning Package.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Blake, Holly", "Bermingham, Fiona", "Johnson, Graham", "Tabner, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357424", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) will undoubtedly have psychological impacts for healthcare workers, which could be sustained; frontline workers will be particularly at risk. Actions are needed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on mental health by protecting and promoting the psychological wellbeing of healthcare workers during and after the outbreak. We developed and evaluated a digital learning package using Agile methodology within the first three weeks of UK outbreak. This e-package includes evidence-based guidance, support and signposting relating to psychological wellbeing for all UK healthcare employees. A three-step rapid development process included public involvement activities (PPIs) (STEP 1), content and technical development with iterative peer review (STEP 2), and delivery and evaluation (STEP 3). The package outlines the actions that team leaders can take to provide psychologically safe spaces for staff, together with guidance on communication and reducing social stigma, peer and family support, signposting others through psychological first aid (PFA), self-care strategies (e.g., rest, work breaks, sleep, shift work, fatigue, healthy lifestyle behaviours), and managing emotions (e.g., moral injury, coping, guilt, grief, fear, anxiety, depression, preventing burnout and psychological trauma). The e-package includes advice from experts in mental wellbeing as well as those with direct pandemic experiences from the frontline, as well as signposting to public mental health guidance. Rapid delivery in STEP 3 was achieved via direct emails through professional networks and social media. Evaluation included assessment of fidelity and implementation qualities. Essential content was identified through PPIs (n = 97) and peer review (n = 10) in STEPS 1 and 2. The most important messages to convey were deemed to be normalisation of psychological responses during a crisis, and encouragement of self-care and help-seeking behaviour. Within 7 days of completion, the package had been accessed 17,633 times, and healthcare providers had confirmed immediate adoption within their health and wellbeing provisions. Evaluation (STEP 3, n = 55) indicated high user satisfaction with content, usability and utility. Assessment of implementation qualities indicated that the package was perceived to be usable, practical, low cost and low burden. Our digital support package on 'psychological wellbeing for healthcare workers' is free to use, has been positively evaluated and was highly accessed within one week of release. It is available here: Supplementary Materials. This package was deemed to be appropriate, meaningful and useful for the needs of UK healthcare workers. We recommend provision of this e-package to healthcare workers alongside wider strategies to support their psychological wellbeing during and after the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32298421, "pmcid": "PMC7197037", "title": "Pandemic Surge Models in the Time of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2: Wrong or Useful?", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Wong, John B"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298421", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399942, "pmcid": "PMC7216853", "title": "Ethical considerations for allocation of scarce resources and alterations in surgical care during a pandemic.", "journal": "Surg Endosc", "authors": ["Rawlings, Arthur", "Brandt, Lea", "Ferreres, Alberto", "Asbun, Horacio", "Shadduck, Phillip"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399942", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is unprecedented in modern history. Its effects on social behavior and health care delivery have been dramatic. The resultant burden of disease and critical illness has outpaced the diagnostic, therapeutic, and health care professional resources of many clinics and hospitals. It continues to do so globally. The allocation of hospital beds and ventilators, personal protective equipment, investigational therapeutics, and other scarce resources has required difficult decisions. Clinical and surgical practices which are standard in normal times may not be standard or safe during the COVID-19 crisis. How can we best adapt as physicians and surgeons? What foundational ethical principles and systems of principle application can help guide our decision-making? Fortunately, a large body of work in medical ethics addresses these questions. Unfortunately, many surgeons and other health care professionals are probably not as familiar with these concepts. This brief communication is intended to provide a concise explanation of ethical considerations which readers may find helpful when addressing allocation of scarce resources and alterations in surgical care brought on by the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32495148, "pmcid": "PMC7269161", "title": "A New Drug-Drug Interaction Between Hydroxychloroquine and Metformin? A Signal Detection Study.", "journal": "Drug Saf", "authors": ["Montastruc, Jean-Louis", "Toutain, Pierre-Louis"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495148", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine was recently promoted in patients infected with COVID-19 infection. A recent experimental study has suggested an increased toxicity of hydroxychloroquine in association with metformin in mice. The present study was undertaken to investigate the reality of this putative drug-drug interaction between hydroxychloroquine and metformin using pharmacovigilance data. Using VigiBase\u00ae, the WHO pharmacovigilance database, we performed a disproportionality analysis (case/non-case study). Cases were reports of fatal outcomes with the drugs of interest and non-cases were all other reports for these drugs registered between 1\u00a0January 2000 and 31\u00a0December 2019. Data with hydroxychloroquine (or metformin) alone were compared with the association hydroxychloroquine\u2009+\u2009metformin. Results are reported as ROR (reporting odds ratio) with their 95% confidence interval. Of the 10,771 Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSR) involving hydroxychloroquine, 52 were recorded as 'fatal outcomes'. In comparison with hydroxychloroquine alone, hydroxychloroquine\u2009+\u2009metformin was associated with an ROR value of 57.7 (23.9-139.3). In comparison with metformin alone, hydroxychloroquine\u2009+\u2009metformin was associated with an ROR value of 6.0 (2.6-13.8). Our study identified a signal for the association hydroxychloroquine\u2009+\u2009metformin that appears to be more at risk of fatal outcomes (particularly by completed suicides) than one of the two drugs when given alone."}, {"pmid": 32393802, "title": "COVID-19 in Padua, Italy: not just an economic and health issue.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Russo, Francesco Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393802", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493735, "title": "Quality improvement during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Oesterreich, Shari", "Cywinski, Jacek B", "Elo, Brett", "Geube, Mariya", "Mathur, Piyush"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493735", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, quality improvement teams at Cleveland Clinic initiated a number of measures to guide the care of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection and protect care givers. This included increasing the frequency of team meetings from monthly to daily or weekly and creating task forces to create protocols for patient transport, airway management, and management of personal protective equipment and medications in short supply. Enterprise wide, we postponed non-essential surgeries, set up an overflow intensive care unit onsite, created a web-based COVID-19 toolkit for all care givers, and sent daily emails about the most recent developments, decisions, and recommendations from national and international societies."}, {"pmid": 32474398, "pmcid": "PMC7207106", "title": "Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and lung transplantation program in France.", "journal": "Respir Med Res", "authors": ["Picard, C", "Le Pavec, J", "Tissot, A"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474398", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406360, "title": "COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE GREEK HEALTH CARE SYSTEM.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Giannopoulou, Ioanna", "Tsobanoglou, George Odysseas"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406360", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After coming out of the state debt crisis, Greece is facing yet another crisis - that of the COVID-19 pandemic. The key challenges facing the organizational structure and function of the Greek public health system in order to meet the populations' health needs are discussed. Social distancing, through imposed national lockdown very early in the pandemic, has been a key emergency public health measure that has saved lives. However, the system needs to enhance its capacity, through strengthening primary health and social support care, to be able to meet existing unmet health needs, the impact of the pandemic on mental health, as well as to tackle future new waves of outbreak. The related changes in health service provisions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic call for developing new models and novel approaches for delivering effective mental health services."}, {"pmid": 32335684, "pmcid": "PMC7188127", "title": "Letter: The Risk of COVID-19 Infection During Neurosurgical Procedures: A Review of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Modes of Transmission and Proposed Neurosurgery-Specific Measures for Mitigation.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Iorio-Morin, Christian", "Hodaie, Mojgan", "Sarica, Can", "Dea, Nicolas", "Westwick, Harrison J", "Christie, Sean D", "McDonald, Patrick J", "Labidi, Moujahed", "Farmer, Jean-Pierre", "Brisebois, Simon", "D'Aragon, Frederick", "Carignan, Alex", "Fortin, David"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335684", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306459, "pmcid": "PMC7264792", "title": "The outbreak of Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused a worrying delay in the diagnosis of oral cancer in north-west Italy: The Turin Metropolitan Area experience.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Arduino, Paolo G", "Conrotto, Davide", "Broccoletti, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306459", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476324, "title": "COVID-19 and veterinarians for one health, zoonotic- and reverse-zoonotic transmissions.", "journal": "J Vet Sci", "authors": ["Yoo, Han Sang", "Yoo, Dongwan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476324", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus emerged in human populations and spread rapidly to cause the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Although the origin of the associated virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) remains unclear, genetic evidence suggests that bats are a reservoir host of the virus, and pangolins are a probable intermediate. SARS-CoV-2 has crossed the species barrier to infect humans and other animal species, and infected humans can facilitate reverse-zoonotic transmission to animals. Considering the rapidly changing interconnections among people, animals, and ecosystems, traditional roles of veterinarians should evolve to include transdisciplinary roles."}, {"pmid": 32506443, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 containment in complex surgical units during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Bardini, R", "Plebani, M", "Cosma, C", "Grego, F", "Ceccarini, L", "Facci, L", "Buzzi, G", "Scarpa, M"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506443", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511692, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of 58 Children With a Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Whittaker, Elizabeth", "Bamford, Alasdair", "Kenny, Julia", "Kaforou, Myrsini", "Jones, Christine E", "Shah, Priyen", "Ramnarayan, Padmanabhan", "Fraisse, Alain", "Miller, Owen", "Davies, Patrick", "Kucera, Filip", "Brierley, Joe", "McDougall, Marilyn", "Carter, Michael", "Tremoulet, Adriana", "Shimizu, Chisato", "Herberg, Jethro", "Burns, Jane C", "Lyall, Hermione", "Levin, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511692", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom", "Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In communities with high rates of coronavirus disease 2019, reports have emerged of children with an unusual syndrome of fever and inflammation. To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of hospitalized children who met criteria for the pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (PIMS-TS) and compare these characteristics with other pediatric inflammatory disorders. Case series of 58 children from 8 hospitals in England admitted between March 23 and May 16, 2020, with persistent fever and laboratory evidence of inflammation meeting published definitions for PIMS-TS. The final date of follow-up was May 22, 2020. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were abstracted by medical record review, and were compared with clinical characteristics of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) (n\u2009=\u20091132), KD shock syndrome (n\u2009=\u200945), and toxic shock syndrome (n\u2009=\u200937) who had been admitted to hospitals in Europe and the US from 2002 to 2019. Signs and symptoms and laboratory and imaging findings of children who met definitional criteria for PIMS-TS from the UK, the US, and World Health Organization. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics of children meeting definitional criteria for PIMS-TS, and comparison with the characteristics of other pediatric inflammatory disorders. Fifty-eight children (median age, 9 years [interquartile range {IQR}, 5.7-14]; 33 girls [57%]) were identified who met the criteria for PIMS-TS. Results from SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction tests were positive in 15 of 58 patients (26%) and SARS-CoV-2 IgG test results were positive in 40 of 46 (87%). In total, 45 of 58 patients (78%) had evidence of current or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. All children presented with fever and nonspecific symptoms, including vomiting (26/58 [45%]), abdominal pain (31/58 [53%]), and diarrhea (30/58 [52%]). Rash was present in 30 of 58 (52%), and conjunctival injection in 26 of 58 (45%) cases. Laboratory evaluation was consistent with marked inflammation, for example, C-reactive protein (229 mg/L [IQR, 156-338], assessed in 58 of 58) and ferritin (610 \u03bcg/L [IQR, 359-1280], assessed in 53 of 58). Of the 58 children, 29 developed shock (with biochemical evidence of myocardial dysfunction) and required inotropic support and fluid resuscitation (including 23/29 [79%] who received mechanical ventilation); 13 met the American Heart Association definition of KD, and 23 had fever and inflammation without features of shock or KD. Eight patients (14%) developed coronary artery dilatation or aneurysm. Comparison of PIMS-TS with KD and with KD shock syndrome showed differences in clinical and laboratory features, including older age (median age, 9 years [IQR, 5.7-14] vs 2.7 years [IQR, 1.4-4.7] and 3.8 years [IQR, 0.2-18], respectively), and greater elevation of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (median, 229 mg/L [IQR 156-338] vs 67 mg/L [IQR, 40-150 mg/L] and 193 mg/L [IQR, 83-237], respectively). In this case series of hospitalized children who met criteria for PIMS-TS, there was a wide spectrum of presenting signs and symptoms and disease severity, ranging from fever and inflammation to myocardial injury, shock, and development of coronary artery aneurysms. The comparison with patients with KD and KD shock syndrome provides insights into this syndrome, and suggests this disorder differs from other pediatric inflammatory entities."}, {"pmid": 32271603, "title": "Dynamic Chest CT Evaluation in Three Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Chen, Xing", "Liu, Shuying", "Zhang, Chunyi", "Pu, Guimei", "Sun, Jian", "Shen, Juxin", "Chen, Yefeng"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271603", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China, was caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). There have been some reports of imaging findings regarding the disease's characteristic features. Here, we report three cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with dynamic pulmonary CT evaluation. The CT scan showed multiple regions of ground-glass opacities and patchy consolidation in COVID-19 patients and the CT scan was useful in tracking the progression or regression of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32520587, "title": "Response to Whitehead et al. re: \"Recovery of Elective Facial Plastic Surgery in the Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era: Recommendations from the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery Task Force\".", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Unadkat, Samit N", "Andrews, Peter J", "Bertossi, Dario", "D'Souza, Alwyn", "Joshi, Anil", "Shandilya, Munish", "Saleh, Hesham A"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520587", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305026, "pmcid": "PMC7146649", "title": "Challenges of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Zhao, Qian", "He, Yong"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305026", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418066, "pmcid": "PMC7229433", "title": "Correction to: Venous thromboembolism and heparin use in COVID-19 patients: juggling between pragmatic choices, suggestions of medical societies and the lack of guidelines.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Porfidia, Angelo", "Pola, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418066", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the original version of the article, the article title was processed incorrectly. The correct article title is \"Venous Thromboembolism and Heparin Use in COVID-19 Patients: Juggling between Pragmatic Choices, Suggestions of Medical Societies and the Lack of Guidelines\". This has been corrected with this erratum and the original article has also been updated to reflect the change in article title."}, {"pmid": 32216962, "pmcid": "PMC7138157", "title": "An update on COVID-19 for the radiologist - A British society of Thoracic Imaging statement.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Rodrigues, J C L", "Hare, S S", "Edey, A", "Devaraj, A", "Jacob, J", "Johnstone, A", "McStay, R", "Nair, A", "Robinson, G"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216962", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294824, "title": "[An urgent call for raising the scientific rigorousness of clinical trials on COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, F", "Hao, Y T", "Zhang, Z J", "Tang, J L", "Xia, J L", "Zhan, S Y", "Zhao, Y", "Du, Z C", "Wei, Y Y", "Shen, S P", "Jiang, Q W", "Li, L M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294824", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369030, "pmcid": "PMC7212817", "title": "Considerations for Postacute Rehabilitation for Survivors of COVID-19.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Sheehy, Lisa Mary"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369030", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported on December 31, 2019. Because it has only been studied for just over three months, our understanding of this disease is still incomplete, particularly regarding its sequelae and long-term outcomes. Moreover, very little has been written about the rehabilitation needs of patients with COVID-19 after discharge from acute care. The objective of this report is to answer the question \"What rehabilitation services do survivors of COVID-19 require?\" The question was asked within the context of a subacute hospital delivering geriatric inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation services. Three areas relevant to rehabilitation after COVID-19 were identified. First, details of how patients may present have been summarized, including comorbidities, complications from an intensive care unit stay with or without intubation, and the effects of the virus on multiple body systems, including those pertaining to cardiac, neurological, cognitive, and mental health. Second, I have suggested procedures regarding the design of inpatient rehabilitation units for COVID-19 survivors, staffing issues, and considerations for outpatient rehabilitation. Third, guidelines for rehabilitation (physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology) following COVID-19 have been proposed with respect to recovery of the respiratory system as well as recovery of mobility and function. A thorough assessment and an individualized, progressive treatment plan which focuses on function, disability, and return to participation in society will help each patient to maximize their function and quality of life. Careful consideration of the rehabilitation environment will ensure that all patients recover as completely as possible."}, {"pmid": 32404341, "title": "Response to: 'Patients with lupus are not protected from COVID-19: a comment' by Sawalha, 'No evidence so far on the protective effect of hydroxycloroquin to prevent COVID-19: response to the Comment by Joob and Wiwanitkit' by Romao et al and 'SLE patients are not immune to COVID-19: importance of sending the right message across' by Goyal.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404341", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224310, "pmcid": "PMC7156120", "title": "Clinical and virological data of the first cases of COVID-19 in Europe: a case series.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lescure, Francois-Xavier", "Bouadma, Lila", "Nguyen, Duc", "Parisey, Marion", "Wicky, Paul-Henri", "Behillil, Sylvie", "Gaymard, Alexandre", "Bouscambert-Duchamp, Maude", "Donati, Flora", "Le Hingrat, Quentin", "Enouf, Vincent", "Houhou-Fidouh, Nadhira", "Valette, Martine", "Mailles, Alexandra", "Lucet, Jean-Christophe", "Mentre, France", "Duval, Xavier", "Descamps, Diane", "Malvy, Denis", "Timsit, Jean-Francois", "Lina, Bruno", "van-der-Werf, Sylvie", "Yazdanpanah, Yazdan"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224310", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On Dec 31, 2019, China reported a cluster of cases of pneumonia in people at Wuhan, Hubei Province. The responsible pathogen is a novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We report the relevant features of the first cases in Europe of confirmed infection, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with the first patient diagnosed with the disease on Jan 24, 2020. In this case series, we followed five patients admitted to Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital (Paris, France) and Pellegrin University Hospital (Bordeaux, France) and diagnosed with COVID-19 by semi-quantitative RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs. We assessed patterns of clinical disease and viral load from different samples (nasopharyngeal and blood, urine, and stool samples), which were obtained once daily for 3 days from hospital admission, and once every 2 or 3 days until patient discharge. All samples were refrigerated and shipped to laboratories in the National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses (The Institut Pasteur, Paris, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France), where RNA extraction, real-time RT-PCR, and virus isolation and titration procedures were done. The patients were three men (aged 31 years, 48 years, and 80 years) and two women (aged 30 years and 46 years), all of Chinese origin, who had travelled to France from China around mid-January, 2020. Three different clinical evolutions are described: (1) two paucisymptomatic women diagnosed within a day of exhibiting symptoms, with high nasopharyngeal titres of SARS-CoV-2 within the first 24 h of the illness onset (5\u00b72 and 7\u00b74 log10 copies per 1000 cells, respectively) and viral RNA detection in stools; (2) a two-step disease progression in two young men, with a secondary worsening around 10 days after disease onset despite a decreasing viral load in nasopharyngeal samples; and (3) an 80-year-old man with a rapid evolution towards multiple organ failure and a persistent high viral load in lower and upper respiratory tract with systemic virus dissemination and virus detection in plasma. The 80-year-old patient died on day 14 of illness (Feb 14, 2020); all other patients had recovered and been discharged by Feb 19, 2020. We illustrated three different clinical and biological types of evolution in five patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 with detailed and comprehensive viral sampling strategy. We believe that these findings will contribute to a better understanding of the natural history of the disease and will contribute to advances in the implementation of more efficient infection control strategies. REACTing (Research & Action Emerging Infectious Diseases)."}, {"pmid": 32491214, "title": "Sexually Transmitted Infections during the COVID-19 outbreak: comparison of patients referring to the service of sexually transmitted diseases during the sanitary emergency with those referring during the common practice.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Sacchelli, L", "Viviani, F", "Orioni, G", "Rucci, P", "Rosa, S", "Lanzoni, A", "Patrizi, A", "Gaspari, V"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491214", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and diseases (STDs) affect millions of people every year worldwide1 . In Italy, data are provided by the Italian National Institute of Health (INIH) and reported to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)2,3 . In 1991 and 2009 the Italian sentinel surveillance system was established, consisting in 25 public centers (12 clinical, 13 laboratories) on the national field for diagnosis, treatment and data transmission to the INIH4 . The STDs service of Dermatology, Bologna belongs to it and is a free-access service (7.30-11 am) from Monday to Friday, with a patient flow of 50 patients/day."}, {"pmid": 32282344, "pmcid": "PMC7176260", "title": "Attending to the Emotional Well-Being of the Health Care Workforce in a New York City Health System During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Ripp, Jonathan", "Peccoralo, Lauren", "Charney, Dennis"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282344", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an enormous strain on health care workers, and its potential impact has implications for the physical and emotional well-being of the work force. As hospital systems run far over capacity, facing possible shortages of critical care medical resources and personal protective equipment as well as clinician deaths, the psychological stressors necessitate a strong well-being support model for staff. At the Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS) in New York City, health care workers have been heroically providing front-line care to COVID-19 patients while facing their own appropriate fears for their personal safety in the setting of contagion. This moral obligation cannot be burdened by unacceptable risks; the health system's full support is required to address the needs of its workforce.In this Invited Commentary, the authors describe how an MSHS Employee, Faculty, and Trainee Crisis Support Task Force-created in early March 2020 and composed of behavioral health, human resources, and well-being leaders from across the health system-used a rapid needs assessment model to capture the concerns of the workforce related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The task force identified 3 priority areas central to promoting and maintaining the well-being of the entire MSHS workforce during the pandemic: meeting basic daily needs; enhancing communications for delivery of current, reliable, and reassuring messages; and developing robust psychosocial and mental health support options. Using a work group strategy, the task force operationalized the roll-out of support initiatives for each priority area. Attending to the emotional well-being of health care workers has emerged as a central element in the MSHS COVID-19 response, which continues to be committed to the physical and emotional needs of a workforce that courageously faces this crisis."}, {"pmid": 32243288, "pmcid": "PMC7173085", "title": "The COVID-19: Role of Ambulatory Surgery Facilities in This Global Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Rajan, Niraja", "Joshi, Girish P"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243288", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now become a global pandemic. This has led the United States to declare a national emergency and a ban on all elective diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, as well as elective surgery in inpatient and outpatient settings. Ambulatory surgery facilities that perform only elective procedures are thus likely to be closed. However, these facilities may be able assist acute care hospitals, as essential (urgent and emergent) surgeries and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures will still need to be performed. The aim of this article is explore the potential contribution of ASFs in the current healthcare crisis. It is important to understand that COVID-19-related information is continually evolving, and thus, the discussion provided here is subject to change."}, {"pmid": 32324530, "title": "Coronavirus Disease Outbreak in Call Center, South Korea.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Park, Shin Young", "Kim, Young-Man", "Yi, Seonju", "Lee, Sangeun", "Na, Baeg-Ju", "Kim, Chang Bo", "Kim, Jung-Il", "Kim, Hea Sook", "Kim, Young Bok", "Park, Yoojin", "Huh, In Sil", "Kim, Hye Kyung", "Yoon, Hyung Jun", "Jang, Hanaram", "Kim, Kyungnam", "Chang, Yeonhwa", "Kim, Inhye", "Lee, Hyeyoung", "Gwack, Jin", "Kim, Seong Sun", "Kim, Miyoung", "Kweon, Sanghui", "Choe, Young June", "Park, Ok", "Park, Young Joon", "Jeong, Eun Kyeong"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324530", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the epidemiology of a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in a call center in South Korea. We obtained information on demographic characteristics by using standardized epidemiologic investigation forms. We performed descriptive analyses and reported the results as frequencies and proportions for categoric variables. Of 1,143 persons who were tested for COVID-19, a total of 97 (8.5%, 95% CI 7.0%-10.3%) had confirmed cases. Of these, 94 were working in an 11th-floor call center with 216 employees, translating to an attack rate of 43.5% (95% CI 36.9%-50.4%). The household secondary attack rate among symptomatic case-patients was 16.2% (95% CI 11.6%- 22.0%). Of the 97 persons with confirmed COVID-19, only 4 (1.9%) remained asymptomatic within 14 days of quarantine, and none of their household contacts acquired secondary infections. Extensive contact tracing, testing all contacts, and early quarantine blocked further transmission and might be effective for containing rapid outbreaks in crowded work settings."}, {"pmid": 32359223, "pmcid": "PMC7267609", "title": "COVID-19: impact on colorectal surgery.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Wexner, S D", "Cortes-Guiral, D", "Gilshtein, H", "Kent, I", "Reymond, M A"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359223", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges for the medical and surgical healthcare systems. With the ongoing need for urgent and emergency colorectal surgery, including surgery for colorectal cancer, several questions pertaining to operating room (OR) utilization and techniques needed to be rapidly addressed. This manuscript discusses knowledge related to the critical considerations of patient and caregiver safety relating to personal protective equipment (PPE) and the operating room environment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, additional personal protective equipment (PPE) may be required contingent upon local availability of COVID-19 testing and the incidence of known COVID-19 infection in the respective community. In addition to standard COVID-19 PPE precautions, a negative-pressure environment, including an OR, has been recommended, especially for the performance of aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs). Hospital spaces ranging from patient wards to ORs to endoscopy rooms have been successfully converted from standard positive-pressure to negative-pressure spaces. Another important consideration is the method of surgical access; specifically, minimally invasive surgery with pneumoperitoneum is an AGP and thus must be carefully considered. Current debate centres around whether it should be avoided in patients known to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 or whether it can be performed under precautions with safety measures in place to minimize exposure to aerosolized virus particles. Several important lessons learned from pressurized intraperitoneal aerosolized chemotherapy procedures are demonstrated to help improve our understanding and management. This paper evaluates the issues surrounding these challenges including the OR environment and AGPs which are germane to surgical practices around the world. Although there is no single universally agreed upon set of answers, we have presented what we think is a balanced cogent description of logical safe approaches to colorectal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32348495, "pmcid": "PMC7197559", "title": "Interferon-induced transmembrane protein-3 genetic variant rs12252-C is associated with disease severity in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Yonghong", "Qin, Ling", "Zhao, Yan", "Zhang, Ping", "Xu, Bin", "Li, Kang", "Liang, Lianchun", "Zhang, Chi", "Dai, Yanchao", "Feng, Yingmei", "Sun, Jianping", "Hu, Zhongjie", "Xiang, Haiping", "Knight, Julian C", "Dong, Tao", "Jin, Ronghua"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348495", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A major unanswered question in the current global COVID-19 outbreak is why a small minority of infected individuals develop severe disease. Here we report that homozygosity for the C allele of rs12252 in the interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) gene is associated with more severe disease in an age dependent manner. This supports a role for IFITM3 in disease pathogenesis and the opportunity for early targeted intervention in at risk individuals."}, {"pmid": 32530893, "title": "Terminology, communication, and information systems in nonoperating room anaesthesia in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Curr Opin Anaesthesiol", "authors": ["Jelly, Christina A", "Ende, Holly", "Freundlich, Robert E"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530893", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nonoperating room anaesthesia (NORA) is a rapidly growing and important area of anaesthesia care. We would contend that anaesthesia informatics principles and innovations that have been widely applied in numerous diverse domains could be successfully applied in NORA environments, resulting in significant improvements in anaesthesia care delivery. We highlight key recent studies from the perioperative and informatics literature, placing each in the context of how it has, or how it may conceivably be applied to, improved NORA care. There is significant opportunity for anaesthesiologists and clinical informaticians to collaborate and apply major advances in the perioperative informatics field to NORA environments, particularly given rapid recent changes in the field during the COVID-19 epidemic. Given the complexity of NORA patients and care delivered in NORA environments, applied clinical informatics has the potential to drastically improve care delivered."}, {"pmid": 32414525, "pmcid": "PMC7207112", "title": "COVID-19 in healthcare workers.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Pruc, Michal", "Golik, Dawid", "Szarpak, Lukasz", "Adam, Ishag", "Smereka, Jacek"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414525", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184206, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors warn of humanitarian catastrophe at Europe's largest refugee camp.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184206", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418232, "title": "Objective Structured Clinical Examination: From Exam Room to Zoom Breakout Room.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Hannon, Peter", "Lappe, Katie", "Griffin, Claire", "Roussel, Danielle"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418232", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292589, "pmcid": "PMC7141622", "title": "Preventive strategies used by GI physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Hormati, A", "Ghadir, M R", "Zamani, F", "Khodadadi, J", "Afifian, M", "Ahmadpour, S"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292589", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526079, "title": "Current status of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for immune/inflammatory lung disorders: Gleaning insights for possible use in COVID-19.", "journal": "Stem Cells Transl Med", "authors": ["Yen, B Linju", "Yen, Men-Luh", "Wang, Li-Tzu", "Liu, Ko-Jiunn", "Sytwu, Huey-Kang"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526079", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The broad immunomodulatory properties of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has allowed for wide application in regenerative medicine as well as immune/inflammatory diseases, including unmatched allogeneic use. The novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 has unleashed a pandemic in record time accompanied by an alarming mortality rate mainly due to pulmonary injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Since there are no effective preventive or curative therapies currently, MSC therapy (MSCT) has emerged as a possible candidate despite the lack of preclinical data of MSCs for COVID-19. Interestingly, MSCT preclinical data specifically on immune/inflammatory disorders of the lungs were among the earliest to be reported in 2003, with the first clinical use of MSCT for graft-vs-host disease reported in 2004. Since these first reports, preclinical data showing beneficial effects of MSC immunomodulation have accumulated substantially, and as a consequence, over a third of MSCT clinical trials now target immune/inflammatory diseases. There is much preclinical evidence for MSCT in noninfectious-including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-as well as infectious bacterial immune/inflammatory lung disorders, with data generally demonstrating therapeutic effects; however, for infectious viral pulmonary conditions, the preclinical evidence is more scarce with some inconsistent outcomes. In this article, we review the mechanistic evidence for clinical use of MSCs in pulmonary immune/inflammatory disorders, and survey the ongoing clinical trials-including for COVID-19-of MSCT for these diseases, with some perspectives and comment on MSCT for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32322935, "pmcid": "PMC7175831", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 as potential cause of cardiac inflammation and heart failure. Is it the virus, hyperinflammation, or MODS?", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Maisch, Bernhard"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322935", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310917, "title": "[ANMCO Position paper: The network organization for the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Scotto Di Uccio, Fortunato", "Valente, Serafina", "Colivicchi, Furio", "Murrone, Adriano", "Caldarola, Pasquale", "Di Lenarda, Andrea", "Roncon, Loris", "Amodeo, Enzo", "Aspromonte, Nadia", "Cipriani, Manlio Gianni", "Domenicucci, Stefano", "Francese, Giuseppina Maura", "Imazio, Massimo", "Urbinati, Stefano", "Gulizia, Michele Massimo", "Gabrielli, Domenico"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310917", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346493, "pmcid": "PMC7186128", "title": "Clinical presentations and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infected pneumonia in pregnant women and health status of their neonates.", "journal": "Sci Bull (Beijing)", "authors": ["Xu, Luming", "Yang, Qianqian", "Shi, Haojun", "Lei, Shijun", "Liu, Xiaoli", "Zhu, Yin", "Wu, Qiulei", "Ding, Xiuli", "Tian, Yanhong", "Hu, Qinghua", "Chen, Fenghua", "Geng, Zhi", "Zeng, Xiangzhi", "Lin, Lin", "Cai, Xuehong", "Wu, Min", "Wang, Zehua", "Wang, Zheng", "Xia, Geqing", "Wang, Lin"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346493", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497546, "pmcid": "PMC7263231", "title": "Changes in Routine Pediatric Practice in Light of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Somekh, Ido", "Somech, Raz", "Pettoello-Mantovani, Massimo", "Somekh, Eli"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497546", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495496, "title": "Abnormal liver tests in patients hospitalized with Coronavirus disease 2019: should we worry?", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Meszaros, Magdalena", "Meunier, Lucy", "Morquin, David", "Klouche, Kada", "Fesler, Pierre", "Malezieux, Emilie", "Makinson, Alain", "le Moing, Vincent", "Reynes, Jacques", "Pageaux, Georges-Philippe"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495496", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While several studies from China have reported COVID-19-related liver injury, there are currently no data on liver dysfunction in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Europe. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and predictive value of abnormal liver function in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. This was a retrospective cohort study of confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized in two referral hospitals in France. Clinical, biological, and radiological data were collected and analyzed. Two hundred and thirty-four patients confirmed to have COVID-19 by RT-PCR were included. Liver function was abnormal in 66.6% of patients on admission. In multivariate logistic regression, abnormal liver test on admission were associated with in-hospital aggravation (OR=4.1, 95%CI 1.5-10.8; p=0.004) and mortality (OR 3.3; 95% CI=1.04-10.5; p=0.04). This study of liver tests in a European COVID-19 population confirms a high prevalence of abnormal liver tests on admission that are predictive of severe disease course and higher in-hospital mortality."}, {"pmid": 32377056, "pmcid": "PMC7201110", "title": "Lockdown-the only solution to defeat COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Gupta, Abhishek", "Singla, Mahima", "Bhatia, Himanshu", "Sharma, Ved"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377056", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375887, "pmcid": "PMC7201394", "title": "Challenges in maintaining treatment services for people who use drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Harm Reduct J", "authors": ["Dunlop, Adrian", "Lokuge, Buddhima", "Masters, Debbie", "Sequeira, Marcia", "Saul, Peter", "Dunlop, Grace", "Ryan, John", "Hall, Michelle", "Ezard, Nadine", "Haber, Paul", "Lintzeris, Nicholas", "Maher, Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375887", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of COVID-19 across health services, including treatment services for people who use drugs, is emerging but likely to have a high impact. Treatment services for people who use drugs provide essential treatment services including opiate agonist treatment and needle syringe programmes alongside other important treatment programmes across all substance types including withdrawal and counselling services. Drug and alcohol hospital consultation-liaison clinicians support emergency departments and other services provided in hospital settings in efficiently managing patients who use drugs and present with other health problems.COVID-19 will impact on staff availability for work due to illness. Patients may require home isolation and quarantine periods. Ensuring ongoing supply of opiate treatment during these periods will require significant changes to how treatment is provided. The use of monthly depot buprenorphine as well as moving from a framework of supervised dosing will be required for patients on sublingual buprenorphine and methadone. Ensuring ready access to take-home naloxone for patients is crucial to reduce overdose risks. Delivery of methadone and buprenorphine to the homes of people with confirmed COVID-19 infections is likely to need to occur to support home isolation.People who use drugs are likely to be more vulnerable during the COVID-19 epidemic, due to poorer health literacy and stigma and discrimination towards this group. People who use drugs may prioritise drug use above other health concerns. Adequate supply of clean injecting equipment is important to prevent outbreaks of blood-borne viruses. Opiate users may misinterpret SARS-CoV2 symptoms as opiate withdrawal and manage this by using opioids. Ensuring people who use drugs have access to drug treatment as well as access to screening and testing for SARS-CoV2 where this is indicated is important."}, {"pmid": 32349053, "pmcid": "PMC7219859", "title": "Protection by Exclusion: Another Missed Opportunity to Include Pregnant Women in Research During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Costantine, Maged M", "Landon, Mark B", "Saade, George R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349053", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease that started in Wuhan, China, and has rapidly spread all across the world. With limited ability to contain the virus and relatively high transmissibility and case fatality rates, governmental institutions and pharmaceutical companies are racing to find therapeutics and vaccines that target this novel coronavirus. However, once again, pregnant and breastfeeding women are excluded from participating in clinical trials during this pandemic. This \"protection by exclusion\" of pregnant women from drug development and clinical therapeutic trials, even during epidemics and pandemics, is not unprecedented. Moreover, it is both misguided and not justifiable and may have excluded them from potentially beneficial interventions. This is another missed opportunity to obtain pregnancy-specific safety and efficacy data, because therapeutics developed for men and nonpregnant women may not be generalizable to pregnant women. Therefore, we recommend and urge the scientific community and professional societies that, without clear justification for exclusion, pregnant women should be given the opportunity to be included in clinical trials for COVID-19 based on the concepts of justice, equity, autonomy, and informed consent."}, {"pmid": 32311325, "pmcid": "PMC7164847", "title": "COVID-19: endgames.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["The Lancet Infectious Diseases"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311325", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363351, "pmcid": "PMC7194596", "title": "Takotsubo Syndrome in the Setting of COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Minhas, Anum S", "Scheel, Paul", "Garibaldi, Brian", "Liu, Gigi", "Horton, Maureen", "Jennings, Mark", "Jones, Steven R", "Michos, Erin D", "Hays, Allison G"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363351", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 58 year old woman was admitted with symptoms of COVID-19. She subsequently developed mixed shock and echocardiogram showed mid-distal left ventricular hypokinesis and apical ballooning, findings typical for stress, or Takotsubo, cardiomyopathy. Over the next few days her left ventricular function improved, further supporting reversibility of acute stress cardiomyopathy."}, {"pmid": 32322159, "pmcid": "PMC7175919", "title": "Electrostatic Charged Nanofiber Filter for Filtering Airborne Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Nano-aerosols.", "journal": "Sep Purif Technol", "authors": ["Woon Fong Leung, Wallace", "Sun, Qiangqiang"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322159", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic on March 12, 2020. Within 3-1/2 months since outbreak in December 2019, over 1.3 million people have been infected across 206 countries with over 70,000 deaths. COVID-19 has a size of 60-140nm with mean size of the nano-aerosols, 100nm. The virus can be airborne by attaching to human secretion (fine particles, nasal/saliva droplets) of infected person or suspended fine particulates in air. While NIOSH has standardized N95 and N98 at 300nm, to-date there is no filter standards, nor special filter technologies, tailored for capturing airborne viruses and 100nm nano-aerosols. The latter also are present in high number concentration in atmospheric pollutants. This study addresses developing novel charged PVDF nanofiber filter technology to effectively capture the deadly airborne coronavirus with our target set at 100nm (nano-aerosol), and not 300nm. The virus and its attached particle were simulated by sodium chloride aerosols, 50-500nm, generated from sub-micron aerosol generator. PVDF nanofibers were produced with fiber diameters 84, 191, 349 and 525nm with excellent morphology. The fibers were subsequently charged by corona discharge. The amounts of charged fibers in a filter were increased to achieve high efficiency of 90% for the virus filter but the electrical interference between neighbouring fibers resulted in progressively marginal increase in efficiency and concurrently much higher pressure drop across the filter. The quality factor which measured the efficiency-to-pressure-drop kept decreasing. By redistributing the fibers in the filter into several modules, each separated by a permeable scrim material, the electrical interference was reduced, if not fully mitigated. Also, the additional scrim materials introduced macropores into the filter that further reduced the airflow resistance. With this approach, the quality factor can maintain relatively constant with increasing fiber amounts to achieve high filter efficiency. The optimal amounts of fiber in each module depended on the diameter of fibers in the module. Small fiber diameter that has already high performance required small amount of fibers per module. In contrast, large diameter fiber required more amounts of fiber per module to compensate for the poorer performance without incurring higher pressure drop. This approach was applied to develop four new nanofiber filters tailored for capturing 100nm airborne COVID-19 to achieve over 90% efficiency with pressure drop below 30Pa (3.1mm water). One filter developed meeting the 90% efficiency has ultralow pressure drop of only 18Pa (1.9mm water) while another filter meeting the 30Pa limit has high efficiency reaching 94%. These optimized filters based on rigorous engineering approach provide the badly needed technology for protecting the general public from the deadly airborne COVID-19 and other viruses, and nano-aerosols from air pollution which lead to chronic diseases."}, {"pmid": 32240896, "pmcid": "PMC7102622", "title": "Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Liu, Nianqi", "Zhang, Fan", "Wei, Cun", "Jia, Yanpu", "Shang, Zhilei", "Sun, Luna", "Wu, Lili", "Sun, Zhuoer", "Zhou, Yaoguang", "Wang, Yan", "Liu, Weizhi"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240896", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 in China in December 2019 has been identified as a pandemic and a health emergency of global concern. Our objective was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in China hardest-hit areas during COVID-19 outbreak, especially exploring the gender difference existing in PTSS. One month after the December 2019 COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan China, we surveyed PTSS and sleep qualities among 285 residents in Wuhan and surrounding cities using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and 4 items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Hierarchical regression analysis and non-parametric test were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that the prevalence of PTSS in China hardest-hit areas a month after the COVID-19 outbreak was 7%. Women reported significant higher PTSS in the domains of re-experiencing, negative alterations in cognition or mood, and hyper-arousal. Participants with better sleep quality or less frequency of early awakenings reported lower PTSS. Professional and effective mental health services should be designed in order to aid the psychological wellbeing of the population in affected areas, especially those living in hardest-hit areas, females and people with poor sleep quality."}, {"pmid": 32303482, "pmcid": "PMC7194673", "title": "Re-emergence of SARS-CoV2 in a discharged COVID-19 case.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Zhou, Mi", "Li, Qingfeng", "Cao, Lin", "Liu, Yingfen", "Zha, Yi", "Xie, He", "Zeng, Mingquan", "Shi, Xuemei", "Gao, Yueqing", "Xie, Liqiu", "Luo, Mei", "Zeng, Yilan"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303482", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427143, "pmcid": "PMC7232596", "title": "The COVID-19 global inflection point and Europe's predicament.", "journal": "Asia Eur J", "authors": ["Tocci, Nathalie"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427143", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267163, "title": "Effects of Social Grooming on Incivility in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw", "authors": ["Kim, Bumsoo"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267163", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study implements a computer-assisted content analysis to identify which social grooming factors reduce social media users' incivility when commenting or posting about the COVID-19 situation in South Korea. In addition, this study conducts semantic network analysis to interpret qualitatively how people express their thoughts. The findings suggest that social network size is a negative predictor of incivility. Moreover, Twitter users who have built larger networks and gained positive responses from others are less likely to use uncivil language. Lastly, linguistic choice among users is different depending on the size of their social network."}, {"pmid": 32405622, "pmcid": "PMC7219414", "title": "The MERS-CoV Receptor DPP4 as a Candidate Binding Target of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike.", "journal": "iScience", "authors": ["Li, Yu", "Zhang, Ziding", "Yang, Li", "Lian, Xianyi", "Xie, Yan", "Li, Shen", "Xin, Shuyu", "Cao, Pengfei", "Lu, Jianhong"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405622", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19 has caused great number of cases and deaths, but our understanding about the pathogen SARS-CoV-2 remains largely unclear. The attachment of the virus with the cell-surface receptor and a cofactor is the first step for the infection. Here, bioinformatics approaches combining human-virus protein interaction prediction and protein docking based on crystal structures have revealed the high affinity between human dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (DPP4) and the spike (S) receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. Intriguingly, the crucial binding residues of DPP4 are identical to those that are bound to the MERS-CoV-S. Moreover, E484 insertion and adjacent substitutions should be most essential for this DPP4-binding ability acquirement of SARS-CoV-2-S compared with SARS-CoV-S. This potential utilization of DPP4 as a binding target for SARS-CoV-2 may offer novel insight into the viral pathogenesis and help the surveillance and therapeutics strategy for meeting the challenge of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32504751, "title": "A novel role of nifuroxazide in attenuation of sepsis-associated acute lung and myocardial injuries; role of TLR4/NLPR3/IL-1beta signaling interruption.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Khodir, Ahmed E", "Samra, Yara A", "Said, Eman"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504751", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute lung injury (ALI) and the subsequent multi-system organ failure is a serious health problem with devastating impacts on the health care systems. Indeed, the world has been facing an un-preceded situation in the past couple of months following COVID-19 infestation and the associated high-mortality rates mainly attributed to sepsis and the associated multiple organ failures of particular concern; acute respiratory distress syndrome post lung injury. The current study provides evidence on the ameliorative impact of nifuroxazide, and FDA approved antidiarrheal drug in attenuation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and myocarditis when administrated either in prophylactic or curative regimens. Nifuroxazide administration was associated with a significant improvement in lung and heart histopathological characteristics and architecture with retraction of LPS-induced inflammatory-infiltration. This was associated with retraction in serum biomarkers of cellular injury of which; LDH, CK-MB, and ALP. Nifuroxazide administration was associated with a significant improvement in both lung and heart oxidative status. Such positive outcomes were underlined by a significant inhibitory effect of nifuroxazide on lung and heart contents of toll-like receptor (4) (TLR4)/the inflammasome NALPR3/interleukin- 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2). In conclusion: Nifuroxazide attenuates LPS-induced ALI and myocardial injury via interruption of TLR4/NALPR3/IL-1\u03b2 signaling. Thus it can offer a potential approach for attenuation of sepsis in critically ill patients."}, {"pmid": 32327266, "pmcid": "PMC7194541", "title": "Pre-labor anorectal swab for SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 pregnant patients: is it time to think about it?", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Carosso, Andrea", "Cosma, Stefano", "Borella, Fulvio", "Marozio, Luca", "Coscia, Alessandra", "Ghisetti, Valeria", "Di Perri, Giovanni", "Benedetto, Chiara"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327266", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399095, "pmcid": "PMC7212236", "title": "State-of-the-art tools to identify druggable protein ligand of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Arch Med Sci", "authors": ["Azeez, Sayed Abdul", "Alhashim, Zahra Ghalib", "Al Otaibi, Waad Mohammed", "Alsuwat, Hind Saleh", "Ibrahim, Abdallah M", "Almandil, Noor B", "Borgio, J Francis"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399095", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV) outbreak in Wuhan, China and other parts of the world affects people and spreads coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through human-to-human contact, with a mortality rate of > 2%. There are no approved drugs or vaccines yet available against SARS-CoV-2. State-of-the-art tools based on in-silico methods are a cost-effective initial approach for identifying appropriate ligands against SARS-CoV-2. The present study developed the 3D structure of the envelope and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, and molecular docking analysis was done against various ligands. The highest log octanol/water partition coefficient, high number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, lowest non-bonded interaction energy between the receptor and the ligand, and high binding affinity were considered for the best ligand for the envelope (mycophenolic acid: log P = 3.00; DG = -10.2567 kcal/mol; pKi = 7.713 \u00b5M) and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (1-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid: log P = 2.901; DG = -12.2112 kcal/mol; pKi = 7.885 \u00b5M) of SARS-CoV-2. The study identifies the most potent compounds against the SARS-CoV-2 envelope and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein through state-of-the-art tools based on an in-silico approach. A combination of these two ligands could be the best option to consider for further detailed studies to develop a drug for treating patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32362004, "pmcid": "PMC7267174", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiac surgeon-Are we on the back foot?", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Khanna, Sudhansoo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367838, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic in India: A clarion call for better preparedness.", "journal": "Lung India", "authors": ["Koul, Parvaiz A", "Dhar, Raja"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367838", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302058, "pmcid": "PMC7235496", "title": "Laboratory testing of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV): Current status, challenges, and countermeasures.", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Yan, Ying", "Chang, Le", "Wang, Lunan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302058", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are global public concerns. With the outbreak of unknown pneumonia in Wuhan, China in December 2019, a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 has been attracting tremendous attention. Rapid and accurate laboratory testing of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for early discovery, early reporting, early quarantine, early treatment, and cutting off epidemic transmission. The genome structure, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 are basically similar to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the other two beta-CoVs of medical importance. During the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV epidemics, a variety of molecular and serological diagnostic assays were established and should be referred to for SARS-CoV-2. In this review, by summarizing the articles and guidelines about specimen collection, nucleic acid tests (NAT) and serological tests for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, several suggestions are put forward to improve the laboratory testing of SARS-CoV-2. In summary, for NAT: collecting stool and blood samples at later periods of illness to improve the positive rate if lower respiratory tract specimens are unavailable; increasing template volume to raise the sensitivity of detection; putting samples in reagents containing guanidine salt to inactivate virus as well as protect RNA; setting proper positive, negative and inhibition controls to ensure high-quality results; simultaneously amplifying human RNase P gene to avoid false-negative results. For antibody test, diverse assays targeting different antigens, and collecting paired samples are needed."}, {"pmid": 32492485, "title": "Comparison of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multi-center study in Sichuan Province, China.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kong, Weifang", "Wang, Yuting", "Hu, Jinliang", "Chughtai, Aamer", "Pu, Hong"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492485", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Asymptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2 has become a concern worldwide. This study aims to compare the epidemiology and the clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. A total of 511 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection cases, including 100 asymptomatic (by the time of the pathogenic tests) and 411 symptomatic individuals were consecutively enrolled from January 25 to February 20, 2020 from hospitals in 21 cities and 47 counties or districts in Sichuan Province. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics were compared. Compared to the symptomatic patients, the asymptomatic cases were younger (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), had similar co-morbidity percentages (P\u00a0=\u00a00.609), and came from higher altitude areas with lower population mobility (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001) with better defined epidemiological history (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). 27.4% of well-documented asymptomatic cases developed delayed symptoms after the pathogenic diagnosis. 60% of asymptomatic cases demonstrated findings of pneumonia on the initial chest CT, including well-recognized features of coronavirus disease-19. None of the asymptomatic individuals died. Two elderly individuals with initially asymptomatic infection developed severe symptoms during hospitalization. One case of possible virus transmission by a patient during the incubation period was highly suspected. The epidemiological and clinical findings highlight the significance of asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2. Inspecting the epidemiological history would facilitate the identification of asymptomatic cases. Evidence supports the chest CT scans for confirmed asymptomatic cases to evaluate the extent of lung involvement."}, {"pmid": 32398243, "title": "Impact of PD-1 blockade on severity of COVID-19 in patients with lung cancers.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "authors": ["Luo, Jia", "Rizvi, Hira", "Egger, Jacklynn V", "Preeshagul, Isabel R", "Wolchok, Jedd D", "Hellmann, Matthew D"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398243", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to dramatic changes in oncology practice. It is currently unknown whether PD-1 blockade therapy impacts severity of illness from COVID-19 in patients with cancer. To address this uncertainty, we examined consecutive patients with lung cancers who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and examined severity based on no or prior receipt of PD-1 blockade. Overall, the severity of COVID-19 in patients with lung cancer was high, including need for hospitalization in more than half of patients and death in nearly a quarter. Prior PD-1 blockade was, as expected, associated with smoking status. After adjustment for smoking status, PD-1 blockade exposure was not associated with increased risk of severity of COVID-19. PD-1 blockade does not appear to impact the severity of COVID-19 in patients with lung cancers."}, {"pmid": 32352360, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on rheumatology clinical practice and university teaching in Sydney, Australia.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Cai, Ken", "He, Jianna", "Wong, Peter Kk", "Manolios, Nicholas"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352360", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425416, "pmcid": "PMC7219416", "title": "The role of an Orthopaedic Surgeon in the time of Covid-19 Pandemic-a German perspective.", "journal": "J Orthop", "authors": ["Graichen, Heiko"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425416", "countries": ["Germany", "Korea, Republic of", "Singapore", "Spain", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is a non-orthopaedic disease but is affecting the community of Orthopaedics as much as every part of our daily living. In this Editorial the different aspects of changes in our routine are described, based on the experience of this Editor in Germany. I will try to give you a bit of background information first, as the situation is very much dependent on the specific phase of the pandemic and your place of work. The experience for an Orthopaedic Surgeon in New York or Madrid may differ from that of an Orthopaedic Surgeon in Singapore, or South Korea. As Europe is, at least at the moment, the most affected continent, it hopefully is an interesting topic for all of you. The Covid-19 pandemic is affecting all aspects of our lives, therefore this editorial is divided into 4 sessions: Role as surgeon, as doctor, as teacher, and as family member. Most countries have stopped elective surgeries and by that relegated Orthopaedic surgeons to a minimum of work. Keeping contact to patients with digital tools might be an option to achieve an organised restart after the end of the lock down period and to keep treating patients through that phase. For many Orthopaedic surgeons, the principal task now is being part of an interdisciplinary team that is headed by colleagues from Internal Medicine or Anaesthesiology. Wards from the Orthopaedic department are reorganised as quarantine wards for Covid-19 patients. Worldwide all conferences have been cancelled and nobody knows for how long this will continue. Education now has become fully digital, allowing to present and communicate without real limitations compared to conventional conferences. Some teaching options, such as hands-on workshops, fellowships, etc. are ceased and cannot be replaced by digital options. Due to social distancing families are spending much more time together than before, while some family members, especially the people at risk (elders, ones with a fragile health) cannot be visited for a long time. Get togethers with friends as well as community meetings are completely suspended. For some of them, digital technology is the only option to minimize the problem of social distancing. Overall, it has to be stated, that all parts of our lives as an Orthopaedic Surgeon are affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. As nobody knows how long these restrictions need to remain in place we have to accept them and work on improving this specific situation by following the rules. Hopefully, a vaccine will be developed in the near future, allowing us to return to a \"normal\" life. Nevertheless, it will never be like it was before."}, {"pmid": 32307803, "pmcid": "PMC7264766", "title": "Caring for Patients with Advanced Stage Cancer at the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Brunello, Antonella", "Zagonel, Vittorina"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307803", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270479, "title": "Radiological findings and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Wu, Xiaoqing", "Sun, Ruihong", "Chen, Jianpu", "Xie, Yuanliang", "Zhang, Shutong", "Wang, Xiang"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270479", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study chest CT images and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant patients to examine any correlation. Between December 31, 2019 and March 7, 2020, 23 hospitalized pregnant patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. Clinical presentations were collected retrospectively from records, including laboratory testing, chest CT imaging, and symptoms. Descriptive analysis and correlation of patients' clinical and CT characteristics were performed. Laboratory results from time of first admission and CT absorption (defined as reduction in lesion area, decrease in density, and absorption of some solid components) were compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Fifteen (65.2%) patients were asymptomatic with patchy ground-glass opacity in a single lung lobe. Eight (34.8%) patients were symptomatic with multiple patchy ground-glass shadows, consolidation, and fibrous stripes. Differences in lymphocyte percentage and neutrophil granulocyte rate between first admission and CT absorption were significant (P<0.001). Median absorption time was shorter in the asymptomatic group compared with the symptomatic group (5 vs 10\u00a0days; P<0.001). Median hospitalization time between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients was 14 vs 25.5\u00a0days; P>0.001. Median absorption time and length of hospitalization for all patients was 6\u00a0days (IQR 5-8) and 17\u00a0days (IQR 13-25), respectively. Radiological findings and clinical characteristics in pregnant women with COVID-19 were similar to those of non-pregnant women with COVID-19. Median absorption time and length of hospitalization in asymptomatic patients were significantly shorter than in symptomatic patients. Lymphocyte percentage and neutrophil granulocyte rate may be used as laboratory indicators of CT absorption."}, {"pmid": 32332040, "pmcid": "PMC7234274", "title": "What can countries learn from Hong Kong's response to the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Wong, Samuel Y S", "Kin On, Kwok", "Chan, Francis K L"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332040", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420913, "title": "A contribution for the forensic odontologist's safety in the autopsy room.", "journal": "J Forensic Odontostomatol", "authors": ["Pradella, F", "Bianchi, I", "Vitale, G", "Pinchi, V"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420913", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid 19 pandemic we are currently facing all over the world is undoubtly an emergency condition which exposes all workers to the risks of a serious infection. The personnel working in the autoptic room is at high risk for the possible contact with infected material from corpses, splashes and aerosols diffusion, and must be always prepared to stay safe and healthy. We offer to the forensic odontologists' community a short summary of some old and new hints on the treatment of dead bodies in the autopsy room during this pandemic emergency time."}, {"pmid": 32425255, "pmcid": "PMC7229913", "title": "Optimal temperature zone for the dispersal of COVID-19.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Huang, Zhongwei", "Huang, Jianping", "Gu, Qianqing", "Du, Pengyue", "Liang, Hongbin", "Dong, Qing"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425255", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32164424, "title": "COVID-19: An Update on the Epidemiological, Clinical, Preventive and Therapeutic Evidence and Guidelines of Integrative Chinese-Western Medicine for the Management of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "Am J Chin Med", "authors": ["Chan, Kam Wa", "Wong, Vivian Taam", "Tang, Sydney Chi Wai"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32164424", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of 22 February 2020, more than 77662 cases of confirmed COVID-19 have been documented globally with over 2360 deaths. Common presentations of confirmed cases include fever, fatigue, dry cough, upper airway congestion, sputum production, shortness of breath, myalgia/arthralgia with lymphopenia, prolonged prothrombin time, elevated C-reactive protein, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase. The reported severe/critical case ratio is approximately 7-10% and median time to intensive care admission is 9.5-10.5 days with mortality of around 1-2% varied geographically. Similar to outbreaks of other newly identified virus, there is no proven regimen from conventional medicine and most reports managed the patients with lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, beta-interferon, glucocorticoid and supportive treatment with remdesivir undergoing clinical trial. In China, Chinese medicine is proposed as a treatment option by national and provincial guidelines with substantial utilization. We reviewed the latest national and provincial clinical guidelines, retrospective cohort studies, and case series regarding the treatment of COVID-19 by add-on Chinese medicine. We have also reviewed the clinical evidence generated from SARS and H1N1 management with hypothesized mechanisms and latest in silico findings to identify candidate Chinese medicines for the consideration of possible trials and management. Given the paucity of strongly evidence-based regimens, the available data suggest that Chinese medicine could be considered as an adjunctive therapeutic option in the management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32490519, "title": "Racial disparities in knowledge, attitudes and practices related to COVID-19 in the USA.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Alobuia, Wilson M", "Dalva-Baird, Nathan P", "Forrester, Joseph D", "Bendavid, Eran", "Bhattacharya, Jay", "Kebebew, Electron"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490519", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent reports indicate racial disparities in the rates of infection and mortality from the 2019 novel coronavirus (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]). The aim of this study was to determine whether disparities exist in the levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) related to COVID-19. We analyzed data from 1216 adults in the March 2020 Kaiser Family Foundation 'Coronavirus Poll', to determine levels of KAPs across different groups. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to identify predictors of KAPs. In contrast to White respondents, Non-White respondents were more likely to have low knowledge (58% versus 30%; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and low attitude scores (52% versus 27%; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), but high practice scores (81% versus 59%; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). By multivariate regression, White race (odds ratio [OR] 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70-5.50), higher level of education (OR 1.80; 95% CI: 1.46-2.23) and higher income (OR 2.06; 95% CI: 1.58-2.70) were associated with high knowledge of COVID-19. Race, sex, education, income, health insurance status and political views were all associated with KAPs. Racial and socioeconomic disparity exists in the levels of KAPs related to COVID-19. More work is needed to identify educational tools that tailor to specific racial and socioeconomic groups."}, {"pmid": 32515544, "title": "Identifying scenarios of benefit or harm from kidney transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a stochastic simulation and machine learning study.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Massie, Allan B", "Boyarsky, Brian J", "Werbel, William A", "Bae, Sunjae", "Chow, Eric Kh", "Avery, Robin K", "Durand, Christine M", "Desai, Niraj", "Brennan, Daniel", "Garonzik-Wang, Jacqueline M", "Segev, Dorry L"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515544", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical decision-making in kidney transplantation (KT) during the COVID-19 pandemic is understandably a conundrum: both candidates and recipients may face increased acquisition risks and case fatality rates (CFRs). Given our poor understanding of these risks, many centers have paused or reduced KT activity, yet data to inform such decisions are lacking. To quantify the benefit/harm of KT in this context, we conducted a simulation study of immediate-KT vs delay-until-after-pandemic for different patient phenotypes under a variety of potential COVID-19 scenarios. A calculator was implemented (http://www.transplantmodels.com/covid_sim), and machine learning approaches were used to evaluate the important aspects of our modeling. Characteristics of the pandemic (acquisition risk, CFR) and length of delay (length of pandemic, waitlist priority when modeling deceased donor KT) had greatest influence on benefit/harm. In most scenarios of COVID-19 dynamics and patient characteristics, immediate-KT provided survival benefit; KT only began showing evidence of harm in scenarios where CFRs were substantially higher for KT recipients (e.g. \u226550% fatality) than for waitlist registrants. Our simulations suggest that KT could be beneficial in many centers if local resources allow, and our calculator can help identify patients who would benefit most. Furthermore, as the pandemic evolves, our calculator can update these predictions."}, {"pmid": 32467531, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic update.", "journal": "Med J Malaysia", "authors": ["Rampal, L"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467531", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No abstract provided."}, {"pmid": 32493514, "pmcid": "PMC7267747", "title": "A prospective, randomised, double blind placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia (TOC-COVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Rilinger, Jonathan", "Kern, Winfried V", "Duerschmied, Daniel", "Supady, Alexander", "Bode, Christoph", "Staudacher, Dawid L", "Wengenmayer, Tobias"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493514", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV2 infection leads to a concomitant pulmonary inflammation. This inflammation is supposed to be the main driver in the pathogenesis of lung failure (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) in COVID-19. Objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single dose treatment with Tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19. We hypothesize that Tocilizumab slows down the progression of SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia and inflammation. We expect an improvement in pulmonary function compared to placebo-treated patients. Desirable outcomes would be that tocilizumab reduces the number of days that patients are dependent on mechanical ventilation and reduces the invasiveness of breathing assistance. Furthermore, this treatment might result in fewer admissions to intensive care units. Next to these efficacy parameters, safety of a therapy with Tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients has to be monitored closely, since immunosuppression could lead to an increased rate of bacterial infections, which could negatively influence the patient's outcome. Multicentre, prospective, 2-arm randomised (ratio 1:1), double blind, placebo-controlled trial with parallel group design. Inclusion criteria 1.Proof of SARS-CoV2 (Symptoms and positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR))2.Severe respiratory failure: a.Ambient air SpO2 \u2264 92% orb.Need of \u2265 6l O2/min orc.NIV (non-invasive ventilation) ord.IMV (invasive mechanical ventilation)3.Age \u2265 18 years Exclusion criteria 1.Non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation \u2265 48 hours2.Pregnancy or breast feeding3.Liver injury or failure (AST/ALT \u2265 5x ULN)4.Leukocytes < 2 \u00d7 103/\u03bcl5.Thrombocytes < 50 \u00d7 103/\u03bcl6.Severe bacterial infection (PCT > 3ng/ml)7.Acute or chronic diverticulitis8.Immunosuppressive therapy (e.g. mycophenolate, azathioprine, methotrexate, biologicals, prednisolone >10mg/d; exceptions are: prednisolone \u2264 10mg/d, sulfasalazine or hydroxychloroquine)9.Known active or chronic tuberculosis10.Known active or chronic viral hepatitis11.Known allergic reactions to tocilizumab or its ingredients12.Life expectation of less than 1 year (independent of COVID-19)13.Participation in any other interventional clinical trial within the last 30 days before the start of this trial14.Simultaneous participation in other interventional trials (except for participation in COVID-19 trials) which could interfere with this trial; simultaneous participation in registry and diagnostic trials is allowed15.Failure to use one of the following safe methods of contraception: female condoms, diaphragm or coil, each used in combination with spermicides; intra-uterine device; hormonal contraception in combination with a mechanical method of contraception. The data collection of the primary follow up (28 days after randomisation) takes place during the hospital stay. Subsequently, a telephone interview on the quality of life is conducted after 6 and 12 months. Participants will be recruited from inpatients at ten medical centres in Germany. Intervention arm: Application of 8mg/kg body weight (BW) Tocilizumab i.v. once immediately after randomisation (12 mg/kg for patients with <30kg BW; total dose should not exceed 800 mg) AND conventional treatment. Control arm: Placebo (NaCl) i.v. once immediately after randomisation AND conventional treatment. Primary endpoint is the number of ventilator free days (d) (VFD) in the first 28 days after randomisation. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV), Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are defined as ventilator days. VFD's are counted as zero if the patient dies within the first 28 days. The randomisation code will be generated by the CTU (Clinical Trials Unit, ZKS Freiburg) using the following procedure to ensure that treatment assignment is unbiased and concealed from patients and investigator staff. Randomisation will be stratified by centre and will be performed in blocks of variable length in a ratio of 1:1 within each centre. The block lengths will be documented separately and will not be disclosed to the investigators. The randomisation code will be produced by validated programs based on the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). Participants, caregivers, and the study team assessing the outcomes are blinded to group assignment. 100 participants will be randomised to each group (thus 200 participants in total). Protocol Version: V 1.2, 16.04.2020. Recruitment began 27th April 2020 and is anticipated to be completed by December 2020. The trial was registered before trial start in trial registries (EudraCT: No. 2020-001408-41, registered 21st April 2020, and DRKS: No. DRKS00021238, registered 22nd April 2020). The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32511989, "title": "Thoracic Surgical Oncology -Maintaining a High-Volume Surgical Program during the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Fitzmaurice, Gerard J", "Ryan, Ronan J", "Young, Vincent K", "Wall, Carmel", "Dunne, Eimhin", "Dowd, Noreen", "McDermott, Grainne", "Broderick, Alan", "Fanning, Niall"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511989", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thoracic surgical oncology is a time sensitive, high resource, complex surgical speciality to which Coronavirus has posed a unique challenge. In response to the evolving situation in mainland Europe, our department rapidly established a Covid-free site to maintain elective cancer surgery. This necessitated a strict admission pathway and perioperative patient management. It resulted in the maintenance of a high-volume, high-quality thoracic surgical oncology program with no Covid-19 positive cases to date. Maintaining satisfactory training levels amongst surgical and anaesthetic trainees has also been achieved. We suggest that this model could be adapted to local resource capabilities."}, {"pmid": 32356867, "pmcid": "PMC7195694", "title": "Contact Tracing Assessment of COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics in Taiwan and Risk at Different Exposure Periods Before and After Symptom Onset.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Cheng, Hao-Yuan", "Jian, Shu-Wan", "Liu, Ding-Ping", "Ng, Ta-Chou", "Huang, Wan-Ting", "Lin, Hsien-Ho"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356867", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmissibility are yet to be fully understood. Better understanding of the transmission dynamics is important for the development and evaluation of effective control policies. To delineate the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and evaluate the transmission risk at different exposure window periods before and after symptom onset. This prospective case-ascertained study in Taiwan included laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 and their contacts. The study period was from January 15 to March 18, 2020. All close contacts were quarantined at home for 14 days after their last exposure to the index case. During the quarantine period, any relevant symptoms (fever, cough, or other respiratory symptoms) of contacts triggered a COVID-19 test. The final follow-up date was April 2, 2020. Secondary clinical attack rate (considering symptomatic cases only) for different exposure time windows of the index cases and for different exposure settings (such as household, family, and health care). We enrolled 100 confirmed patients, with a median age of 44 years (range, 11-88 years), including 56 men and 44 women. Among their 2761 close contacts, there were 22 paired index-secondary cases. The overall secondary clinical attack rate was 0.7% (95% CI, 0.4%-1.0%). The attack rate was higher among the 1818 contacts whose exposure to index cases started within 5 days of symptom onset (1.0% [95% CI, 0.6%-1.6%]) compared with those who were exposed later (0 cases from 852 contacts; 95% CI, 0%-0.4%). The 299 contacts with exclusive presymptomatic exposures were also at risk (attack rate, 0.7% [95% CI, 0.2%-2.4%]). The attack rate was higher among household (4.6% [95% CI, 2.3%-9.3%]) and nonhousehold (5.3% [95% CI, 2.1%-12.8%]) family contacts than that in health care or other settings. The attack rates were higher among those aged 40 to 59 years (1.1% [95% CI, 0.6%-2.1%]) and those aged 60 years and older (0.9% [95% CI, 0.3%-2.6%]). In this study, high transmissibility of COVID-19 before and immediately after symptom onset suggests that finding and isolating symptomatic patients alone may not suffice to contain the epidemic, and more generalized measures may be required, such as social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32516273, "title": "Rates of Maternal and Perinatal Mortality and Vertical Transmission in Pregnancies Complicated by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Co-V-2) Infection: A Systematic Review.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Huntley, Benjamin J F", "Huntley, Erin S", "Di Mascio, Daniele", "Chen, Tracy", "Berghella, Vincenzo", "Chauhan, Suneet P"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516273", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To ascertain the frequency of maternal and neonatal complications, as well as maternal disease severity, in pregnancies affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. MEDLINE, Ovid, ClinicalTrials.gov, MedRxiv, and Scopus were searched from their inception until April 29, 2020. The analysis was limited to reports with at least 10 pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection that reported on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Inclusion criteria were pregnant women with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A systematic search of the selected databases was performed by implementing a strategy that included the MeSH terms, key words, and word variants for \"coronavirus,\" \"SARS-CoV-2,\" \"COVID-19,\" and \"pregnancy.r The primary outcomes were maternal admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), critical disease, and death. Secondary outcomes included rate of preterm birth, cesarean delivery, vertical transmission, and neonatal death. Categorical variables were expressed as percentages with number of cases and 95% CIs. Of the 99 articles identified, 13 included 538 pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection, with reported outcomes on 435 (80.9%) deliveries. Maternal ICU admission occurred in 3.0% of cases (8/263, 95% CI 1.6-5.9) and maternal critical disease in 1.4% (3/209, 95% CI 0.5-4.1). No maternal deaths were reported (0/348, 95% CI 0.0-1.1). The preterm birth rate was 20.1% (57/284, 95% CI 15.8-25.1), the cesarean delivery rate was 84.7% (332/392, 95% CI 80.8-87.9), the vertical transmission rate was 0.0% (0/310, 95% CI 0.0-1.2), and the neonatal death rate was 0.3% (1/313, 95% CI 0.1-1.8). With data from early in the pandemic, it is reassuring that there are low rates of maternal and neonatal mortality and vertical transmission with SARS-CoV-2. The preterm birth rate of 20% and the cesarean delivery rate exceeding 80% seems related to geographic practice patterns. PROSPERO, CRD42020181497."}, {"pmid": 32481433, "title": "Efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Huang, Shaolei", "Wang, Suyao", "Wang, Mengmeng", "Rong, Jiao", "Yu, Wenjie", "Li, Jing", "Han, Jing", "Yang, Dianhui"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481433", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapy for coronavirus disease 2019. The following electronic databases will be searched from December 2019 to December 2020: Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan-fang database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Databases, and other databases. All published randomized controlled trials about this topic will be included. Two independent researchers will operate article retrieval, duplication removing, screening, quality evaluation, and data analyses by Review Manager (V.5.3.5). Meta-analyses, subgroup analysis, and/or descriptive analysis will be performed based on the included data conditions. High-quality synthesis and/or descriptive analysis of current evidence will be provided from mortality rate, cure rate, the time of negative nucleic acid detection for 2 consecutive times (not on the same day), improvement of chest CT scans, disappearance time of fever and cough, and side effects. This study will provide the evidence of whether acupuncture is an effective and safe intervention for coronavirus disease 2019 .PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020179298."}, {"pmid": 32277754, "pmcid": "PMC7184381", "title": "Letter: Academic Neurosurgery Department Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: The University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital Model.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Eichberg, Daniel G", "Shah, Ashish H", "Luther, Evan M", "Menendez, Ingrid", "Jimenez, Andrea", "Perez-Dickens, Maggy", "O'Phelan, Kristine H", "Ivan, Michael E", "Komotar, Ricardo J", "Levi, Allan D"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406428, "pmcid": "PMC7219353", "title": "Thoracic Anesthesia in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Gelzinis, Theresa A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406428", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522610, "title": "Compliance measurement and observed influencing factors of hand hygiene based on COVID-19 guidelines in China.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Zhou, Qian", "Lai, Xiaoquan", "Zhang, Xinping", "Tan, Li"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522610", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Higher requirement is put forward in the measurement of hand hygiene (HH) during a pandemic. This study aimed to describe HH compliance measurement and explore observed influencing factors with respect to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) guidelines in China. Compliance was measured as the percentage of compliant opportunities based on criteria for 17 moments. The criteria for compliance included HH behavior, procedure, duration, hand drying method and the overall that counts them all. The observed influencing factors included different departments and areas and protection motivation. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were performed. The compliance of overall criteria, HH behavior, procedure, duration and hand drying method were 79.44%, 96.71%, 95.74%, 88.93%, 88.42%, respectively, which were significantly different from each other (p<0.001). Meanwhile, the overall and hand drying method compliance in semi-contaminated areas (OR=1.829, p<0.001; OR=2.149, p=0.001) and hygienic areas (OR=1.689, p=0.004; OR=1.959, p=0.015) were significantly higher than those in contaminated area. The compliance with HH behavior for the motivation of patient-protection (OR=0.362, p<0.001) was lower than that for the motivation of self-protection. HH compliance was firstly measured using different criteria for 17 moments according to COVID-19 guidelines in China. The measurement of HH compliance needs clearer definition and comprehensive practice. Contaminated areas and motivation of patient-protection contribute to lower compliance, which may be addressed by allocating more human resources and increasing supervision and education."}, {"pmid": 32343939, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 12 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 19 April 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343939", "countries": ["Australia", "United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 19 April 2020: notifications = 6,606; deaths = 69. The reduction in international travel and domestic movement, social distancing measures and public health action have likely slowed the spread of the disease. Notifications in Australia remain predominantly among people with recent overseas travel, with some locally-acquired cases being detected. Most locally-acquired cases can be linked back to a confirmed case, with a small portion unable to be epidemiologically linked. The distribution of overseas-acquired cases to locally-acquired cases varies by jurisdiction. The crude case fatality rate (CFR) in Australia remains low (1.0%) compared to the World Health Organization's globally-reported rate (6.8%) and to other comparable high-income countries such as the United States of America (4.7%) and the United Kingdom (13.5%). The low CFR is likely reflective of high case ascertainment including detection of mild cases. High case ascertainment enables public health response and reduction of disease transmission. Internationally, cases continue to increase. The rates of increase have started to slow in several regions, although it is too soon to tell whether this trend will be sustained. Interpretation of international epidemiology should be conducted with caution as it differs from country to country depending not only on the disease dynamics, but also on differences in case detection, testing and implemented public health measures."}, {"pmid": 32419024, "title": "Epidemic curve and reproduction number of COVID-19 in Iran.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Sahafizadeh, Ebrahim", "Sartoli, Samaneh"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419024", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was first reported in Iran on 19 February, 2020. We estimated the initial basic reproduction number to be 4.86. With increasingly stringent public health measures, the effective reproduction number declined to below 1 after 2\u00a0months."}, {"pmid": 32388156, "pmcid": "PMC7182743", "title": "EEG during the COVID-19 pandemic: What remains the same and what is different.", "journal": "Clin Neurophysiol", "authors": ["Sethi, Nitin K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414407, "pmcid": "PMC7227452", "title": "Pearls of experience for safe and efficient hospital practices in otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery in Hong Kong during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Cho, Ryan H W", "Yeung, Zenon W C", "Ho, Osan Y M", "Lo, Jacky F W", "Siu, Alice K Y", "Kwan, Wendy M Y", "To, Zion W H", "Chan, Anthony W H", "Chan, Becky Y T", "Fung, Kitty S C", "Abdullah, Victor", "Tong, Michael C F", "Ku, Peter K M"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414407", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic originated in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly worldwide, leading the World Health Organization to declare an official global COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. In Hong Kong, clinicians and other healthcare personnel collaborated closely to combat the outbreak of COVID-19 and minimize the cross-transmission of disease among hospital staff members. In the field of otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) and its various subspecialties, contingency plans were required for patient bookings in outpatient clinics, surgeries in operating rooms, protocols in wards and other services. Infected patients may shed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) particles into their environments via body secretions. Therefore, otolaryngologists and other healthcare personnel in this specialty face a high risk of contracting COVID-19 and must remain vigilant when performing examinations and procedures involving the nose and throat. In this article, we share our experiences of the planning and logistics undertaken to provide safe and efficient OHNS practices over the last 2\u2009months, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hope that our experiences will serve as pearls for otolaryngologists and other healthcare personnel working in institutes that serve large numbers of patients every day, particularly with regard to the sharing of clinical and administrative tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32369632, "title": "Chilblain-like lesions: a case series of 41 patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Lopez-Robles, J", "de la Hera, I", "Pardo, J", "Martinez, J", "Cutillas-Marco, E"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369632", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic dermatologists in countries with the highest incidence have noted an increase in consultations for chilblain-like lesions. In the Region of Murcia, a south-east Spanish area with around 1.5 million population, dermatologists have collected these findings during one week. In most cases photographs were taken by the patients themselves and referred to their General Practitioners before getting to us via our regional teledermatology platform. Patients were asked about fever, cough, shortness of breath or gastrointestinal symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32439014, "pmcid": "PMC7159867", "title": "COVID-19: The Isolation That Has Brought Us Together.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Yong, Celina"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439014", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472140, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call to Action for Health Systems in Latin America to Strengthen Quality of Care.", "journal": "Int J Qual Health Care", "authors": ["Ezequiel, GarciaElorrio", "Jafet, Arrieta", "Hugo, Arce", "Pedro, Delgado", "Maria, Malik Ana", "Carola, Orrego Villagran", "Sofia, Rincon", "Odet, Sarabia", "Teresa, Tono", "Jorge, Hermida", "Enrique, Ruelas Barajas"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515988, "title": "Ventilator Sharing During an Acute Shortage Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Beitler, Jeremy R", "Mittel, Aaron M", "Kallet, Richard", "Kacmarek, Robert", "Hess, Dean", "Branson, Richard", "Olson, Murray", "Garcia, Ivan", "Powell, Barbara", "Wang, David S", "Hastie, Jonathan", "Panzer, Oliver", "Brodie, Daniel", "Hill, Laureen L", "Thompson, B Taylor"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515988", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303494, "title": "Covid-19: Disproportionate impact on ethnic minority healthcare workers will be explored by government.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303494", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386014, "title": "CT imaging features and image evolution characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Li, Ming", "Peng, Wanxiang", "Chen, Miaomiao", "Zhu, Qichao", "Zou, Xia", "Long, Xiaoli"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386014", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in different periods, and summarize the characteristics with itsdevelopment. We retrospectively analyzed the CT image data of COVID-19 patients diagnosed by nucleic acid test and CT examination in 57 patients in Zhuzhou Central Hospital and Zhuzhou First People's Hospital, and summarized the characteristics of CT imaging and the development of lesions. Most of the cases were characterized by peripheral distribution of lesions. A total of 37 cases (64.91%) were purely peripherally distributed, 16 cases (28.07%) coexisted with peripheral and mid-internal distribution, and 4 cases (7.02%) had simple mid-inner band distribution. In peripherally distributed cases, the long axis of the lesion was mostly parallel to the pleura in 36 cases (63.16%). In the case of inner-middle zone distribution, the long axis of the lesion was mostly parallel and surrounded the bronchial vascular bundle, or distributed along the lung lobules (31.58%). All cases had ground-glass-density foci, 31 cases (54.38%) had fine grid shadows in the lesions, 46 cases (80.70%) had thick vascular shadows in the lesions, and 23 cases (40.35%) showed signs of bronchial inflation. Among the 10 cases of \"wrinkling shape\" lesions in the first CT examination, except for 1 case without reexamination, the remaining 9 cases had different degrees of absorption in the second CT examination. Among the 26 cases of \"wrinkling shape\" lesions in the second CT examination, except for 11 cases without reexamination, the other 15 patients had different degrees of absorption in the third CT examination. The early CT manifestations of COVID-19 are mostly ground-glass-density foci distributed in the subpleural region, some of which are distributed near the bronchial blood vessel bundle and in the central area of the lobule. As the course of the disease progresses, there may be varying degrees of solid components in the lesion. When the lesions show a \"wrinkling shape\", it is often suggested that the lesions will evolve towards the direction of absorption. These characteristics are of great value in assisting clinical diagnosis and dynamically observing changes undersuch condition."}, {"pmid": 32419402, "pmcid": "PMC7234859", "title": "Suggestions to Prepare for the Second Epidemic of COVID-19 in Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Yum, Ho Kee"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419402", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243877, "pmcid": "PMC7201123", "title": "Running a virtual allergy division and training program in the time of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Codispoti, Christopher D", "Bandi, Sindhura", "Moy, James N", "Mahdavinia, Mahboobeh"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243877", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518472, "pmcid": "PMC7268968", "title": "AI in Medicine, Covid-19 and Springer Nature's Open Access Agreement.", "journal": "Kunstliche Intell (Oldenbourg)", "authors": ["Sonntag, Daniel"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518472", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405258, "pmcid": "PMC7217773", "title": "Non-lesional status epilepticus in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Neurophysiol", "authors": ["Balloy, Gaelle", "Mahe, Pierre-Joachim", "Leclair-Visonneau, Laurene", "Pereon, Yann", "Derkinderen, Pascal", "Magot, Armelle", "Peyre, Arnaud"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405258", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32200398, "title": "The Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Epidemic.", "journal": "Ann Acad Med Singapore", "authors": ["Hsu, Li Yang", "Chia, Po Ying", "Lim, Jeremy Fy"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200398", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472779, "title": "Food protein-derived antihypertensive peptides in the COVID-19 pandemic: friends of foes?", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Goudarzi, Mostafa", "Garavand, Farhad", "Madadlou, Ashkan", "Fogliano, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472779", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400878, "pmcid": "PMC7239251", "title": "Alcohol and COVID-19.", "journal": "Alcohol Alcohol", "authors": ["Chick, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243698, "pmcid": "PMC7228280", "title": "Immunosuppression drug-related and clinical manifestation of Coronavirus disease 2019: A therapeutical hypothesis.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Romanelli, Antonio", "Mascolo, Silvia"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243698", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407772, "pmcid": "PMC7213960", "title": "Allocating Scarce Resources and Triaging Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Kirkpatrick, James N", "Hull, Sarah C", "Fedson, Savitri", "Mullen, Brendan", "Goodlin, Sarah J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407772", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic and its sequelae have created scenarios of scarce medical resources, leading to the prospect that healthcare systems have faced or will face difficult decisions about triage, allocation and reallocation. These decisions should be guided by ethical principles and values, should not be made before crisis standards have been declared by authorities, and, in most cases, will not be made by bedside clinicians. Do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) and withholding and withdrawing decisions should be made according to standard determination of medical appropriateness and futility, but there are unique considerations during a pandemic. Transparent and clear communication is crucial, coupled with dedication to provide the best possible care to patients, including palliative care. As medical knowledge about COVID-19 grows, more will be known about prognostic factors that can guide these difficult decisions."}, {"pmid": 32065055, "pmcid": "PMC7048180", "title": "Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Tian, Xiaolong", "Li, Cheng", "Huang, Ailing", "Xia, Shuai", "Lu, Sicong", "Shi, Zhengli", "Lu, Lu", "Jiang, Shibo", "Yang, Zhenlin", "Wu, Yanling", "Ying, Tianlei"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32065055", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The newly identified 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused more than 11,900 laboratory-confirmed human infections, including 259 deaths, posing a serious threat to human health. Currently, however, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine. Considering the relatively high identity of receptor-binding domain (RBD) in 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV, it is urgent to assess the cross-reactivity of anti-SARS CoV antibodies with 2019-nCoV spike protein, which could have important implications for rapid development of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies against 2019-nCoV. Here, we report for the first time that a SARS-CoV-specific human monoclonal antibody, CR3022, could bind potently with 2019-nCoV RBD (KD of 6.3 nM). The epitope of CR3022 does not overlap with the ACE2 binding site within 2019-nCoV RBD. These results suggest that CR3022 may have the potential to be developed as candidate therapeutics, alone or in combination with other neutralizing antibodies, for the prevention and treatment of 2019-nCoV infections. Interestingly, some of the most potent SARS-CoV-specific neutralizing antibodies (e.g. m396, CR3014) that target the ACE2 binding site of SARS-CoV failed to bind 2019-nCoV spike protein, implying that the difference in the RBD of SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV has a critical impact for the cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies, and that it is still necessary to develop novel monoclonal antibodies that could bind specifically to 2019-nCoV RBD."}, {"pmid": 32198130, "title": "Mitigating Risk of COVID-19 in Dialysis Facilities.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Kliger, Alan S", "Silberzweig, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198130", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379311, "pmcid": "PMC7239107", "title": "Letter: Anosmia in COVID-19: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Through the Nasoliary Epithelium and a Possible Spreading Way to the Central Nervous System-A Purpose to Study.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Armocida, Daniele", "Pesce, Alessandro", "Raponi, Ingrid", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Valentini, Valentino", "Santoro, Antonio", "Berra, Luigi Valentino"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379311", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488728, "pmcid": "PMC7265870", "title": "Eating disorders and obesity (ED&O) in the COVID-19 storm.", "journal": "Eat Weight Disord", "authors": ["Todisco, Patrizia", "Donini, Lorenzo M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488728", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412096, "title": "Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff.", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "authors": ["Verbeek, Jos H", "Rajamaki, Blair", "Ijaz, Sharea", "Sauni, Riitta", "Toomey, Elaine", "Blackwood, Bronagh", "Tikka, Christina", "Ruotsalainen, Jani H", "Kilinc Balci, F Selcen"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412096", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In epidemics of highly infectious diseases, such as Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), or coronavirus (COVID-19), healthcare workers (HCW) are at much greater risk of infection than the general population, due to their contact with patients' contaminated body fluids. Personal protective equipment (PPE) can reduce the risk by covering exposed body parts. It is unclear which type of PPE protects best, what is the best way to put PPE on (i.e. donning) or to remove PPE (i.e. doffing), and how to train HCWs to use PPE as instructed. To evaluate which type of full-body PPE and which method of donning or doffing PPE have the least risk of contamination or infection for HCW, and which training methods increase compliance with PPE protocols. We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL to 20 March 2020. We included all controlled studies that evaluated the effect of full-body PPE used by HCW exposed to highly infectious diseases, on the risk of infection, contamination, or noncompliance with protocols. We also included studies that compared the effect of various ways of donning or doffing PPE, and the effects of training on the same outcomes. Two review authors independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias in included trials. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses were appropriate. Earlier versions of this review were published in 2016 and 2019. In this update, we included 24 studies with 2278 participants, of which 14 were randomised controlled trials (RCT), one was a quasi-RCT and nine had a non-randomised design. Eight studies compared types of PPE. Six studies evaluated adapted PPE. Eight studies compared donning and doffing processes and three studies evaluated types of training. Eighteen studies used simulated exposure with fluorescent markers or harmless microbes. In simulation studies, median contamination rates were 25% for the intervention and 67% for the control groups. Evidence for all outcomes is of very low certainty unless otherwise stated because it is based on one or two studies, the indirectness of the evidence in simulation studies and because of risk of bias. Types of PPE The use of a powered, air-purifying respirator with coverall may protect against the risk of contamination better than a N95 mask and gown (risk ratio (RR) 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17 to 0.43) but was more difficult to don (non-compliance: RR 7.5, 95% CI 1.81 to 31.1). In one RCT (59 participants) coveralls were more difficult to doff than isolation gowns (very low-certainty evidence). Gowns may protect better against contamination than aprons (small patches: mean difference (MD) -10.28, 95% CI -14.77 to -5.79). PPE made of more breathable material may lead to a similar number of spots on the trunk (MD 1.60, 95% CI -0.15 to 3.35) compared to more water-repellent material but may have greater user satisfaction (MD -0.46, 95% CI -0.84 to -0.08, scale of 1 to 5). According to three studies that tested more recently introduced full-body PPE ensembles, there may be no difference in contamination. Modified PPE versus standard PPE The following modifications to PPE design may lead to less contamination compared to standard PPE: sealed gown and glove combination (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.78), a better fitting gown around the neck, wrists and hands (RR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.55), a better cover of the gown-wrist interface (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.78, low-certainty evidence), added tabs to grab to facilitate doffing of masks (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.80) or gloves (RR 0.22, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.31). Donning and doffing Using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for doffing may lead to less contamination compared to no guidance (small patches: MD -5.44, 95% CI -7.43 to -3.45). One-step removal of gloves and gown may lead to less bacterial contamination (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.77) but not to less fluorescent contamination (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.28) than separate removal. Double-gloving may lead to less viral or bacterial contamination compared to single gloving (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.66) but not to less fluorescent contamination (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.28). Additional spoken instruction may lead to fewer errors in doffing (MD -0.9, 95% CI -1.4 to -0.4) and to fewer contamination spots (MD -5, 95% CI -8.08 to -1.92). Extra sanitation of gloves before doffing with quaternary ammonium or bleach may decrease contamination, but not alcohol-based hand rub. Training The use of additional computer simulation may lead to fewer errors in doffing (MD -1.2, 95% CI -1.6 to -0.7). A video lecture on donning PPE may lead to better skills scores (MD 30.70, 95% CI 20.14 to 41.26) than a traditional lecture. Face-to-face instruction may reduce noncompliance with doffing guidance more (odds ratio 0.45, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.98) than providing folders or videos only. We found low- to very low-certainty evidence that covering more parts of the body leads to better protection but usually comes at the cost of more difficult donning or doffing and less user comfort. More breathable types of PPE may lead to similar contamination but may have greater user satisfaction. Modifications to PPE design, such as tabs to grab, may decrease the risk of contamination. For donning and doffing procedures, following CDC doffing guidance, a one-step glove and gown removal, double-gloving, spoken instructions during doffing, and using glove disinfection may reduce contamination and increase compliance. Face-to-face training in PPE use may reduce errors more than folder-based training. We still need RCTs of training with long-term follow-up. We need simulation studies with more participants to find out which combinations of PPE and which doffing procedure protects best. Consensus on simulation of exposure and assessment of outcome is urgently needed. We also need more real-life evidence. Therefore, the use of PPE of HCW exposed to highly infectious diseases should be registered and the HCW should be prospectively followed for their risk of infection."}, {"pmid": 32205309, "title": "Covid-19: Highest risk patients are asked to stay at home for 12 weeks.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kmietowicz, Zosia"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205309", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32091533, "title": "Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Wu, Zunyou", "McGoogan, Jennifer M"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32091533", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323366, "title": "A remotely conducted paediatric bootcamp for fourth-year medical students.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Burns, Rebekah", "Wenger, Jesse"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323366", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421393, "pmcid": "PMC7258757", "title": "Letter by Golomb and Hall Regarding Article, \"Temporary Emergency Guidance to US Stroke Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic\".", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Golomb, Meredith R", "Hall, Graham C"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421393", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32109279, "pmcid": "PMC7108195", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Imported Cases of COVID-19 in Jiangsu Province: A Multicenter Descriptive Study.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wu, Jian", "Liu, Jun", "Zhao, Xinguo", "Liu, Chengyuan", "Wang, Wei", "Wang, Dawei", "Xu, Wei", "Zhang, Chunyu", "Yu, Jiong", "Jiang, Bin", "Cao, Hongcui", "Li, Lanjuan"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32109279", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to report the clinical characteristics of imported coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in Jiangsu Province. We retrospectively investigated the\u00a0clinical, imaging, and laboratory characteristics of confirmed cases of COVID-19 with WHO interim guidance in three Grade \u2162A\u00a0hospitals of Jiangsu from Jan 22 to Feb 14, 2020. Real time RT-PCR was used to detect the new coronavirus in respiratory samples. Of the 80 patients infected with COVID-19, 41 patients were female, with a median age of 46.1 years. Except for 3 severe patients, the rest of the 77 patients exhibited mild or moderate symptoms. 9 patients were unconfirmed until a third-time nucleic acid test. 38 cases had a history of chronic diseases. The main clinical manifestations of the patients were fever and cough, which accounted for 63 cases (78.75%) and 51 cases (-63.75%) respectively. Only 3 patients (3.75%) showed liver dysfunction. Imaging examination showed that 55 patients (-68.75%) showed abnormal, 25 cases (31.25%) had no abnormal density shadow in the parenchyma of both lungs. Up to now, 21 cases were discharged from the hospital, and no patient died. The average length of stay for discharged patients was 8 days. Compared with the cases in Wuhan, the\u00a0cases in Jiangsu exhibited mild or moderate symptoms and no obvious gender susceptivity. The proportion of patients having liver dysfunction and abnormal CT imaging was relatively lower than that of Wuhan. Notably, infected patients may be falsely excluded based on two consecutively negative respiratory pathogenic nucleic acid test results."}, {"pmid": 32372736, "pmcid": "PMC7231662", "title": "Wearing face masks regardless of symptoms is crucial for preventing the spread of COVID-19 in hospitals.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Lee, Joon Kee", "Jeong, Hye Won"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372736", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405253, "pmcid": "PMC7219384", "title": "Combination of four clinical indicators predicts the severe/critical symptom of patients infected COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Liping", "Liu, Gang", "Song, Fengxiang", "Shi, Nannan", "Liu, Fengjun", "Li, Shenyang", "Li, Ping", "Zhang, Weihan", "Jiang, Xiao", "Zhang, Yongbin", "Sun, Lining", "Chen, Xiong", "Shi, Yuxin"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405253", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32444822, "title": "Coronavirus diaries: finding a place to have new ideas.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tregoning, John"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444822", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470237, "title": "Transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 and protective measures in dental clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Dent", "authors": ["Pan, Yingxiao", "Liu, Hengyi", "Chu, Chen", "Li, Xin", "Liu, Siyu", "Lu, Shulai"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470237", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a primary challenging public health issue for not only China but also the world. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared that the pandemic of COVID-19 had become a public health emergency of global concern. As of May 12, 2020 COVID-19 has been reported in over 180 countries/regions, with a total of 4,178,156 confirmed cases and over 280,000 deaths. The risk of cross-infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might be elevated between dental specialists and patients due to the peculiarity of dental practice. Therefore, detailed and effective infection control measures are imminently needed to prevent nosocomial coronavirus infection. This paper, based on proven effective experience, relevant guidelines, and research, not only presents the fundamental knowledge about the name, etiologic characteristics, epidemiologic characteristics and clinical manifestations of COVID-19, transmission routes and risk points of SARS-CoV-2 in dental clinics but also provides recommended protective measures for dental professionals to interdict the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in dental clinics. Classification schemes as well as color identification according to the results of the questionnaire survey and temperature measurement in precheck and triages are innovations proposed in this paper. This paper, based on proven effective experience, relevant guidelines, and research, not only presents the fundamental knowledge about the name, etiologic characteristics, epidemiologic characteristics and clinical manifestations of COVID-19, transmission routes and risk points of SARS-CoV-2 in dental clinics but also provides recommended protective measures for dental professionals to interdict the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in dental clinics."}, {"pmid": 32521643, "title": "COVID-19 and Congenital Heart Disease: Results from a Nationwide Survey.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Sabatino, Jolanda", "Ferrero, Paolo", "Chessa, Massimo", "Bianco, Francesco", "Ciliberti, Paolo", "Secinaro, Aurelio", "Oreto, Lilia", "Avesani, Martina", "Bucciarelli, Valentina", "Calcaterra, Giuseppe", "Calabro, Maria Pia", "Russo, Maria Giovanna", "Bassareo, Pier Paolo", "Guccione, Paolo", "Indolfi, Ciro", "Di Salvo, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521643", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is challenging, given the large number of hospitalized patients. Cardiovascular co-morbidities are linked to a higher mortality risk. Thus, patients with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) might represent a high-risk population. Nevertheless, no data about them are available, yet. Hence, we conducted a nationwide survey to assess clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with congenital heart disease affected by COVID-19. This is a multi-centre, observational, nationwide survey, involving high-volume Italian CHD centres. COVID-19 diagnosis was defined as either \"clinically suspected\" or \"confirmed\", where a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) test had been performed and was positive. Cardiovascular comorbidities were observed among adult patients-atrial fibrillation (seven; 9%), hypertension (five; 7%), obesity (seven; 9%) and diabetes (one; 1%)-but were absent among children. Cardiovascular complications were mainly observed in the \"confirmed\" COVID-19+ group, consisting of heart failure (9%), palpitations/arrhythmias (3%), stroke/TIA (3%) and pulmonary hypertension (3%). Cardiovascular symptoms such as chest pain (1%), myocardial injury (1%) and pericardial effusion (1%) were also recorded. On the contrary, CHD patients from the clinically suspected COVID-19 group presented no severe symptoms or complications. Despite previous reports pointing to a higher case-fatality rate among patients with cardiovascular co-morbidities, we observed a mild COVID-19 clinical course in our cohort of CHD patients. Although these results should be confirmed in larger cohorts to investigate the underlying mechanisms, the findings of low cardiovascular complications rates and no deaths are reassuring for CHD patients."}, {"pmid": 32301962, "pmcid": "PMC7165316", "title": "Symptom Screening at Illness Onset of Health Care Personnel With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in King County, Washington.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Chow, Eric J", "Schwartz, Noah G", "Tobolowsky, Farrell A", "Zacks, Rachael L T", "Huntington-Frazier, Melinda", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Rao, Agam K"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301962", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474929, "title": "Rapid publishing in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Lee, Adrian Ys", "Lin, Ming-Wei"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474929", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391369, "pmcid": "PMC7193030", "title": "Use of Corticosteroids in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: A Systematic Review of the Literature.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Veronese, Nicola", "Demurtas, Jacopo", "Yang, Lin", "Tonelli, Roberto", "Barbagallo, Mario", "Lopalco, Pierluigi", "Lagolio, Erik", "Celotto, Stefano", "Pizzol, Damiano", "Zou, Liye", "Tully, Mark A", "Ilie, Petre Cristian", "Trott, Mike", "Lopez-Sanchez, Guillermo F", "Smith, Lee"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391369", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with COVID-19. A systematic search of the literature across nine databases was conducted from inception until 15th March 2020, following the PRISMA guidelines. Patients with a validated diagnosis of COVID-19 and using corticosteroids were included, considering all health outcomes. Four studies with 542 Chinese participants were included. Two studies reported negative findings regarding the use of corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19, i.e., corticosteroids had a detrimental impact on clinical outcomes. One study reported no significant association between the use of corticosteroids and clinical outcomes. However, one study, on 201 participants with different stages of pneumonia due to COVID-19, found that in more severe forms, the administration of methylprednisolone significantly reduced the risk of death by 62%. The literature to date does not fully support the routine use of corticosteroids in COVID-19, but some findings suggest that methylprednisolone could lower mortality rate in more severe forms of the condition."}, {"pmid": 32301746, "title": "Routine blood tests as a potential diagnostic tool for COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Ferrari, Davide", "Motta, Andrea", "Strollo, Marta", "Banfi, Giuseppe", "Locatelli, Massimo"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301746", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to date, the epidemic has gradually spread to 209 countries worldwide with more than 1.5 million infected people and 100,000 deaths. Amplification of viral RNA by rRT-PCR serves as the gold standard for confirmation of infection, yet it needs a long turnaround time (3-4 h to generate results) and shows false-negative rates as large as 15%-20%. In addition, the need of certified laboratories, expensive equipment and trained personnel led many countries to limit the rRT-PCR tests only to individuals with pronounced respiratory syndrome symptoms. Thus, there is a need for alternative, less expensive and more accessible tests. Methods We analyzed the plasma levels of white blood cells (WBCs), platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), \u03b3-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of 207 patients who, after being admitted to the emergency room of the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy) with COVID-19 symptoms, were rRT-PCR tested. Of them, 105 tested positive, whereas 102 tested negative. Results Statistically significant differences were observed for WBC, CRP, AST, ALT and LDH. Empirical thresholds for AST and LDH allowed the identification of 70% of either COVID-19-positive or -negative patients on the basis of routine blood test results. Conclusions Combining appropriate cutoffs for certain hematological parameters could help in identifying false-positive/negative rRT-PCR tests. Blood test analysis might be used as an alternative to rRT-PCR for identifying COVID-19-positive patients in those countries which suffer from a large shortage of rRT-PCR reagents and/or specialized laboratory."}, {"pmid": 32285221, "pmcid": "PMC7153351", "title": "Contracting HIV or Contracting SAR-CoV-2 (COVID- 19) in Pregnancy? Balancing the Risks and Benefits.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Joseph Davey, Dvora", "Bekker, Linda-Gail", "Coates, Thomas J", "Myer, Landon"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285221", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520311, "title": "Clinical trials for inflammatory bowel disease: a global guidance during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Crohns Colitis", "authors": ["Reinisch, Walter", "Danese, Silvio", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent", "Loftus, Edward V"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520311", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]-causing coronavirus disease [COVID]-19 pandemic poses major challenges for patients with inflammatory bowel disease to be recruited and maintained in clinical trials. However, clinical trials offer patients who have failed multiple drugs access to study medications with alternative mode of action and the potential for relief from inflammation-mediated symptoms. Therefore, the continuation of clinical trials in IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic is important both for participants and the community of IBD patients, due to the dire need of an expanded therapeutic armamentarium. As the safety of patients in clinical trials is the leading principle, we are providing ten specific rules to guide patients and principal investigators safely through the challenging time."}, {"pmid": 32313668, "pmcid": "PMC7153182", "title": "COVID-19: A new digital dawn?", "journal": "Digit Health", "authors": ["Robbins, Tim", "Hudson, Sarah", "Ray, Pijush", "Sankar, Sailesh", "Patel, Kiran", "Randeva, Harpal", "Arvanitis, Theodoros N"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313668", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319148, "title": "COVID-19: searching for clues among other respiratory viruses.", "journal": "Immunol Cell Biol", "authors": ["Nguyen-Robertson, Catriona", "Haque, Ashraful", "Mintern, Justine", "La Flamme, Anne C"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319148", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420922, "title": "COVID-19: the critical balance between appropriate governmental restrictions and expected economic, psychological and social consequences in Italy. Are we going in the right direction?", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["L'Angiocola, Paolo Diego", "Monti, Manuel"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420922", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the declaration of COVID-19 pandemic infection by the World Health Organization, many governmental restrictions have been differently applied in the involved countries in order to contain the spread of the infection; Italy applied severe restrictive, public measures actually confining the entire population to an almost complete lockdown for several weeks; the restrictive quarantine can be considered controversial when excessively prolonged over time, due to many possible economic, psychologic and social consequences with a remarkable impact on the population. In this article we analyze possible collateral damages related to the prolonged quarantine."}, {"pmid": 32227492, "pmcid": "PMC7228287", "title": "Proposal for International Standardization of the Use of Lung Ultrasound for Patients With COVID-19: A Simple, Quantitative, Reproducible Method.", "journal": "J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Soldati, Gino", "Smargiassi, Andrea", "Inchingolo, Riccardo", "Buonsenso, Danilo", "Perrone, Tiziano", "Briganti, Domenica Federica", "Perlini, Stefano", "Torri, Elena", "Mariani, Alberto", "Mossolani, Elisa Eleonora", "Tursi, Francesco", "Mento, Federico", "Demi, Libertario"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227492", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Growing evidence is showing the usefulness of lung ultrasound in patients with the 2019 new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has now spread in almost every country in the world. In this study, we share our experience and propose a standardized approach to optimize the use of lung ultrasound in patients with COVID-19. We focus on equipment, procedure, classification, and data sharing."}, {"pmid": 32363030, "pmcid": "PMC7194050", "title": "Change in surgical practice amidst COVID 19; example from a tertiary care centre in Pakistan.", "journal": "Ann Med Surg (Lond)", "authors": ["Rana, Roshan-E-Shahid", "Ather, Muhammad Hammad"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363030", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401368, "pmcid": "PMC7272857", "title": "Conduction abnormalities in hydroxychloroquine add on therapy to lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chong, Vui Heng", "Chong, Pui Lin", "Metussin, Dhiya", "Asli, Rosmonaliza", "Momin, Riamiza Natalie", "Mani, Babu Ivan", "Abdullah, Muhammad Syafiq"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401368", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473509, "pmcid": "PMC7245270", "title": "Zinc Iodide in combination with Dimethyl Sulfoxide for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Hoang, Ba X", "Hoang, Huy Q", "Han, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473509", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Zinc Iodide and Dimethyl Sulfoxide compositions are proposed as therapeutic agents to treat and prevent chronic and acute viral infections including SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The therapeutic combinations have a wide range of virucidal effects on DNA and RNA containing viruses. The combinations also exhibit anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, antifibrotic, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidative effects. Given the fact that Zinc Iodide has been used as an oral antiseptic agent and DMSO has been already proven as a safe pharmaceutical solvent and therapeutic agent, we hypothesize that the combination of these two agents can be applied as an effective, safe and inexpensive treatment for SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infection. The therapeutic compound can be applied as both etiological and pathogenesis therapy and used as an effective and safe antiseptic (disinfectant) for human and animals as well."}, {"pmid": 32313463, "pmcid": "PMC7155966", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus: an emerging global threat.", "journal": "Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)", "authors": ["Columbus, Cristie", "Brust, Karen B", "Arroliga, Alejandro C"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313463", "countries": ["China", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (CoV) epidemic that began in China in December 2019 follows earlier epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV in China and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV in Saudi Arabia. The full genome of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has now been shared, and data have been gathered from several case series. As of February 11, 2020, there have been 45,182 laboratory-confirmed cases, the vast majority in China, with 1115 deaths, for an overall case-fatality rate of 2.5%. Cases have been confirmed in 27 countries. On average, each patient infects 2.2 other people. Symptomatic infection appears to predominantly affect adults, with a 5-day estimated incubation period between infection and symptom onset. The most common presenting symptoms are fever, cough, dyspnea, and myalgias and/or fatigue. All cases reported to date have shown radiographic evidence of pneumonia. 2019-nCoV is diagnosed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Treatment is largely supportive, with regimens including antiviral therapy. Corticosteroids are not routinely recommended. Hand hygiene, prompt identification and isolation of suspect patients, and appropriate use of personal protective equipment are the most reliable methods to contain the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32019614, "pmcid": "PMC7026896", "title": "SARS to novel coronavirus - old lessons and new lessons.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["McCloskey, Brian", "Heymann, David L"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32019614", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The response to the novel coronavirus outbreak in China suggests that many of the lessons from the 2003 SARS epidemic have been implemented and the response improved as a consequence. Nevertheless some questions remain and not all lessons have been successful. The national and international response demonstrates the complex link between public health, science and politics when an outbreak threatens to impact on global economies and reputations. The unprecedented measures implemented in China are a bold attempt to control the outbreak - we need to understand their effectiveness to balance costs and benefits for similar events in the future."}, {"pmid": 32281332, "title": "[Study on medication regularity of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of COVID-19 based on data mining].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhou, Zheng", "Zhu, Chun-Sheng", "Zhang, Bing"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281332", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is developing rapidly and posing great threat to public health. There is no specific medicine available for treating the disease. Luckily, traditional Chinese medicine has played a positive role in the fighting against COVID-19. In this paper, We collected and sorted the prescriptions of modern Chinese medicine for COVID-19 released by national government, different provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, as well as online databases, such as CNKI, WanFang medical network, and VIP database. These prescriptions were combined with the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine auxiliary V2.5, and the complex system entropy clustering method was used to determine the association rules and frequency of single drug and drug combination in the prescription. In the end, 96 effective prescriptions were included. Among them, the four properties were mainly concentrated in temperature, cold and level, the five tastes were mainly concentrated in bitter, hot and sweet, and the meridians were mainly concentrated in lung, stomach and spleen. The high-frequency drugs were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, etc., and the high-frequency combinations are Gypsum Fibrosum-Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Armeniacae Semen Amarum-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the core combinations are Lepidii Semen-Armeniacae Semen Amarum-Gypsum Fibrosum, Pogostemonis Herba-Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Ophiopogonis Radix-Armeniacae Semen Amarum-Scutellariae Radix and so on. Form new prescriptions Lepidii Semen, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Pogostemonis Herba, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex. Ophiopogonis Radix, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Scutellariae Radix, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus, Panacis Quinquefolii Radix. From the medicinal properties to high-frequency drugs and new prescriptions, it could be seen that the overall treatment of COVID-19 by traditional Chinese medicine was to strengthen body resistance, eliminate pathogenic factors, and give attention to Qi and Yin."}, {"pmid": 32515212, "title": "Palliative care: Essential support for patients with heart failure in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs", "authors": ["Hill, Loreena", "Beattie, James M", "Geller, Tal Prager", "Baruah, Resham", "Boyne, Josiane", "Stolfo, Giuseppe Di", "Jaarsma, Tiny"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32252837, "pmcid": "PMC7167484", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: The Lombardy scenario in numbers.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Molinari, Andrea", "Pistoia, Federico", "Antonelli, Giuditta"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252837", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442040, "title": "SARS-CoV-2, from its current highly contagious spreading toward the global development of an effective and safe vaccine: challenges and uncertainties.", "journal": "Expert Opin Drug Saf", "authors": ["Merante, Domenico"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442040", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380787, "title": "Acute Kidney Injury in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Direct Effect of Virus on Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Soleimani, Manoocher"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380787", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs), including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and the novel coronavirus disease-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are a group of enveloped RNA viruses that cause a severe respiratory infection which is associated with a high mortality [...]."}, {"pmid": 32473994, "pmcid": "PMC7263273", "title": "Crushing lopinavir-ritonavir tablets may decrease the efficacy of therapy in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Eljaaly, Khalid", "Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473994", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532719, "title": "Symptom management and end-of-life care of residents with COVID-19 in long-term care homes.", "journal": "Can Fam Physician", "authors": ["Khosravani, Houman", "Steinberg, Leah", "Incardona, Nadia", "Quail, Patrick", "Perri, Giulia-Anna"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532719", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366816, "pmcid": "PMC7218962", "title": "An Evidence Based Perspective on mRNA-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Wang, Fuzhou", "Kream, Richard M", "Stefano, George B"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366816", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in late 2019. The subsequent COVID-19 pandemic rapidly affected the health and economy of the world. The global approach to the pandemic was to isolate populations to reduce the spread of this deadly virus while vaccines began to be developed. In March 2020, the first phase I clinical trial of a novel lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine, mRNA-1273, which encodes the spike protein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2, began in the United States (US). The production of mRNA-based vaccines is a promising recent development in the production of vaccines. However, there remain significant challenges in the development and testing of vaccines as rapidly as possible to control COVID-19, which requires international collaboration. This review aims to describe the background to the rationale for the development of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the current status of the mRNA-1273 vaccine."}, {"pmid": 32129581, "title": "[Prediction modeling with data fusion and prevention strategy analysis for the COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tang, S Y", "Xiao, Y N", "Peng, Z H", "Shen, H B"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129581", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan has spread rapidly due to population movement during the Spring Festival holidays. Since January 23rd, 2020, the strategies of containment and contact tracing followed by quarantine and isolation has been implemented extensively in mainland China, and the rates of detection and confirmation have been continuously increased, which have effectively suppressed the rapid spread of the epidemic. In the early stage of the outbreak of COVID-19, it is of great practical significance to analyze the transmission risk of the epidemic and evaluate the effectiveness and timeliness of prevention and control strategies by using mathematical models and combining with a small amount of real-time updated multi-source data. On the basis of our previous research, we systematically introduce how to establish the transmission dynamic models in line with current Chinese prevention and control strategies step by step, according to the different epidemic stages and the improvement of the data. By summarized our modelling and assessing ideas, the model formulations vary from autonomous to non-autonomous dynamic systems, the risk assessment index changes from the basic regeneration number to the effective regeneration number, and the epidemic development and assessment evolve from the early SEIHR transmission model-based dynamics to the recent dynamics which are mainly associated with the variation of the isolated and suspected population sizes."}, {"pmid": 32135586, "title": "[First case of severe childhood novel coronavirus pneumonia in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, F", "Liu, Z S", "Zhang, F R", "Xiong, R H", "Chen, Y", "Cheng, X F", "Wang, W Y", "Ren, J"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32135586", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234175, "title": "[Expert consensus on principal of clinical management of patients with severe emergent cardiovascular diseases during the epidemic period of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343339, "title": "To Face Coronavirus Disease 2019, Surgeons Must Embrace Palliative Care.", "journal": "JAMA Surg", "authors": ["Cooper, Zara", "Bernacki, Rachelle E"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343339", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395793, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection virological diagnosis.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Thabet, Lamia", "Mhalla, Salma", "Naija, Habiba", "Jaoua, Mohamed Amine", "Hannachi, Naila", "Fki-Berrajah, Lamia", "Toumi, Adnene", "Karray-Hakim, Hela"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395793", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection has to be confirmed by virological diagnosis. Multiple diagnostic tests are available without enough perspective on their reliability. Therefore, it is important to choose the most suitable test according to its sensitivity and specificity but also to the stage of the disease. Currently, the RT-PCR detection of the viral genome in respiratory samples is the most reliable test to confirm the diagnosis of an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. It has to be done in Class II biological safety laboratory. However, it may lack sensitivity, particularly in the advanced phase of infection, and depends closely on the samples' quality. Rapid PCR by cartridge system reduces response times but is not suitable for laboratories with high throughput of requests. Detection of virus antigens on respiratory samples is a quick and easy to use technique; however it has not good specificity and sensitivity and cannot be used for diagnosis and patient management. The detection of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is better used for epidemiological analyses. Research should be encouraged to overcome the limits of the currently available diagnostic tests."}, {"pmid": 32425250, "pmcid": "PMC7227595", "title": "Pharmacological characteristics of patients infected with SARS-Cov-2 admitted to Intensive Care Unit in South of France.", "journal": "Therapie", "authors": ["Montastruc, Francois", "Romano, Charles", "Montastruc, Jean-Louis", "Silva, Stein", "Seguin, Thierry", "Minville, Vincent", "Georges, Bernard", "Riu-Poulenc, Beatrice", "Fourcade, Olivier"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425250", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32127666, "title": "Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "Nat Rev Drug Discov", "authors": ["Li, Guangdi", "De Clercq, Erik"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127666", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372178, "pmcid": "PMC7200051", "title": "Neurosurgical management of brain and spine tumors in the COVID-19 era: an institutional experience from the epicenter of the pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurooncol", "authors": ["Kessler, Remi A", "Zimering, Jeffrey", "Gilligan, Jeffrey", "Rothrock, Robert", "McNeill, Ian", "Shrivastava, Raj K", "Caridi, John", "Bederson, Joshua", "Hadjipanayis, Constantinos G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372178", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The challenges of neurosurgical patient management and surgical decision-making during the 2019-2020 COVID-19 worldwide pandemic are immense and never-before-seen in our generation of neurosurgeons. In this case-based formatted report, we present the Mount Sinai Hospital (New York, NY) Department of Neurosurgery institutional experience in the epicenter of the pandemic and the guiding principles for our current management of intracranial, skull base, and spine tumors. The detailed explanations of our surgical reasoning for each tumor case is tailored to assist neurosurgeons across the United States as they face these complex operative decisions put forth by the realities of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32386897, "pmcid": "PMC7192076", "title": "Comment on \"Hearing loss and COVID-19: A note\".", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Cure, Erkan", "Cumhur Cure, Medine"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386897", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450477, "pmcid": "PMC7241373", "title": "Hardware versus heartware: The need to address psychological well-being among operating room staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Lim, Jia Yin", "Lie, Sui An", "Ong, Yee Yian"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450477", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342871, "pmcid": "PMC7194710", "title": "Is low dose radiation therapy a potential treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia?", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Kirkby, Charles", "Mackenzie, Marc"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342871", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512350, "title": "High-flow tracheal oxygen in tracheostomised COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Crit Care", "authors": ["Epstein, Danny", "Miller, Asaf", "Ben-Avi, Ronny", "Matan, Moshe"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512350", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371279, "pmcid": "PMC7194053", "title": "Therapeutic Strategy for Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 During Left Ventricular Assist Device Supports.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Imamura, Teruhiko"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371279", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285915, "pmcid": "PMC7184501", "title": "Typical takotsubo syndrome triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Meyer, Philippe", "Degrauwe, Sophie", "Van Delden, Christian", "Ghadri, Jelena-Rima", "Templin, Christian"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285915", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285930, "pmcid": "PMC7262072", "title": "Optimizing Hydroxychloroquine Dosing for Patients With COVID-19: An Integrative Modeling Approach for Effective Drug Repurposing.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Garcia-Cremades, Maria", "Solans, Belen P", "Hughes, Emma", "Ernest, Jacqueline P", "Wallender, Erika", "Aweeka, Francesca", "Luetkemeyer, Anne F", "Savic, Radojka M"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285930", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a promising candidate for Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. The optimal dosing of HCQ is unknown. Our goal was to integrate historic and emerging pharmacological and toxicity data to understand safe and efficacious HCQ dosing strategies for COVID-19 treatment. The data sources included were (i) longitudinal clinical, pharmacokinetic (PK), and virologic data from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection who received HCQ with or without azithromycin (n\u00a0=\u00a0116), (ii) in vitro viral replication data and SARS-CoV-2 viral load inhibition by HCQ, (iii) a population PK model of HCQ, and (iv) a model relating chloroquine PKs to corrected QT (QTc) prolongation. A mechanistic PK/virologic/QTc model for HCQ was developed and externally validated to predict SARS-CoV-2 rate of viral decline and QTc prolongation. SARS-CoV-2 viral decline was associated with HCQ PKs (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). The extrapolated patient half-maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) was 4.7\u00a0\u00b5M, comparable to the reported in vitro EC50s . HCQ doses >\u00a0400\u00a0mg b.i.d. for \u22655\u00a0days were predicted to rapidly decrease viral loads, reduce the proportion of patients with detectable SARS-CoV-2 infection, and shorten treatment courses, compared with lower dose (\u2264\u00a0400\u00a0mg daily) regimens. However, HCQ doses >\u00a0600\u00a0mg b.i.d. were also predicted to prolong QTc intervals. This prolongation may have clinical implications warranting further safety assessment. Due to COVID-19's variable natural history, lower dose HCQ regimens may be indistinguishable from controls. Evaluation of higher HCQ doses is needed to ensure adequate safety and efficacy."}, {"pmid": 32238232, "title": "[From SARS to COVID-19: pathogens, receptor, pathogenesis and principles of the treatment].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, X", "Ding, Y Q"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238232", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by 2019-nCoV and characterizes as an atypical pneumonia. Since 2019-nCoV is a newly emerging virus, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not well known. Most patients had a self-limited course, and some became severe even death. In this review, the authors compared two coronavirus outbreaks during the past two decades: the SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV. Among the biological nature of the pathogens, viral receptor distribution on the human cells, and the pathological findings in the targeted organs and clinical features of the patients with the diseases, found similarities and differences between the two diseases had been found. Due to the shared receptor ACE2 and the pathological similarities of the SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV diseases,authors proposed a pathogenesis model for COVID-19. Like the SARS-CoV disease, COVID-19 is a systematic disease and targets the lungs, vasculatures, and the immune system. The basic pathogenesis involves two interlinked processes: a severe lung inflammation and immune deficiency, both of which were related to an inappropriate immune response and over-production of cytokines. Thus, treatment approaches should include antiviral and anti-proinflammatory cytokines, anti-infectious and life support therapies, especially in patients with severe diseases."}, {"pmid": 32253252, "title": "Covid-19 pandemic: a public and global mental health opportunity for social transformation?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Ahmad, Ayesha", "Mueller, Christoph", "Tsamakis, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253252", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444823, "title": "'Medications should be prescribed by doctors, not the president': leading Brazilian scientist discusses the pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Fraser, Barbara"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444823", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417181, "pmcid": "PMC7228740", "title": "COVID-19: CADD to the rescue.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Onawole, Abdulmujeeb T", "Sulaiman, Kazeem O", "Kolapo, Temitope U", "Akinde, Fatimo O", "Adegoke, Rukayat O"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417181", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of the deadly COVID-19 disease, being caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has put the world on red alert as it keeps spreading and recording more fatalities. Research efforts are being carried out to curtail the disease from spreading as it has been declared as of global health emergency. Hence, there is an exigent need to identify and design drugs that are capable of curing the infection and hinder its continual spread across the globe. Herein, a computer-aided drug design tool known as the virtual screening method was used to screen a database of 44 million compounds to find compounds that have the potential to inhibit the surface glycoprotein responsible for virus entry and binding. The consensus scoring approach selected three compounds with promising physicochemical properties and favorable molecular interactions with the target protein. These selected compounds can undergo lead optimization to be further developed as drugs that can be used in treating the COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32491028, "title": "The trauma and acute care surgeon in the COVID-19 pandemic era.", "journal": "Rev Col Bras Cir", "authors": ["Ribeiro, Marcelo Augusto Fontenelle", "DE-Campos, Tercio", "Lima, Daniel Souza", "Marttos-Jr, Antonio C", "Pereira, Bruno M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491028", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization recognized in March 2020 the existence of a pandemic for the new coronavirus that appeared in China, in late 2019, and whose disease was named COVID-19. In this context, the SBAIT (Brazilian Society of Integrated Care for Traumatized Patients) conducted a survey with 219 trauma and emergency surgeons regarding the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the role of the surgeon in this pandemic by means of an electronic survey. It was observed that surgeons have been acting under inadequate conditions, with a lack of basic supplies as well as more specific equipment such as N95 masks and facial shields for the care of potential victims who may be contaminated. The latter increases the risk of contamination of professionals, resulting in potential losses in the working teams. Immediate measures must be taken to guarantee access to safety equipment throughout the country, since all trauma victims and/or patients with emergency surgical conditions must be treated as potential carriers of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32314701, "pmcid": "PMC7253093", "title": "The Pandemic of Hate is Giving COVID-19 a Helping Hand.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Ng, Edmond"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314701", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273263, "title": "Clinicians are leading service reconfiguration to cope with covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Thornton, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273263", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323454, "pmcid": "PMC7235497", "title": "Alopecia areata not due by isotretinoin. A thought in COVID-19 time.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Jimenez, Pedro", "Ramirez-Bellver, Jose Luis", "Ruiz-Rodriguez, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323454", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253110, "pmcid": "PMC7128728", "title": "Introduction to the special issue: Tumor antigens in the time of the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Semin Immunol", "authors": ["Finn, Olivera J"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253110", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307026, "pmcid": "PMC7198461", "title": "Olfactory and taste disorder: The first and only sign in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Jang, Youngeun", "Son, Hyo-Ju", "Lee, Seungjae", "Lee, Eun Jung", "Kim, Tae Hyong", "Park, Se Yoon"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307026", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317249, "title": "Covid-19: Government appoints former Olympics chief to lead PPE production drive.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317249", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333398, "title": "A hypothesis for pathobiology and treatment of COVID-19: The centrality of ACE1/ACE2 imbalance.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Sriram, Krishna", "Insel, Paul A"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333398", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2 is the cell surface binding site for the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. We propose that an imbalance in the action of ACE1- and ACE2-derived peptides, thereby enhancing angiotensin II (Ang II) signalling is primary driver of COVID-19 pathobiology. ACE1/ACE2 imbalance occurs due to the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2, reducing ACE2-mediated conversion of Ang II to Ang peptides that counteract pathophysiological effects of ACE1-generated ANG II. This hypothesis suggests several approaches to treat COVID-19 by restoring ACE1/ACE2 balance: (a) AT receptor antagonists; (b) ACE1 inhibitors (ACEIs); (iii) agonists of receptors activated by ACE2-derived peptides (e.g. Ang (1-7), which activates MAS1); (d) recombinant human ACE2 or ACE2 peptides as decoys for the virus. Reducing ACE1/ACE2 imbalance is predicted to blunt COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality, especially in vulnerable patients. Importantly, approved AT antagonists and ACEIs can be rapidly repurposed to test their efficacy in treating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32408822, "title": "Impact of a 10 Rules Protocol on COVID-19 Hospital-Related Transmission: Insights From Padua University Hospital, Italy.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Tarantini, Giuseppe", "Masiero, Giulia", "Nai Fovino, Luca"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408822", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316712, "pmcid": "PMC7210083", "title": "[Explore the Optimal Resolvent of Medical Needs and Mental Health for Patients with Lung Cancer during Epidemic Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, Haiyan", "Yang, Ke", "Yang, Guangjian", "Yang, Lu", "Mi, Yuling", "Cui, Xiaohong", "Yang, Min", "Wang, Dan", "Wang, Yan"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316712", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the rapid spread of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) worldwide and the escalation of prevention and control efforts, the routine medical needs of patients have been restricted. The aims were to investigate medical needs of lung cancer patients and their mental health status during the epidemic periods, so as to provide rational recommendations for subsequent diagnosis and treatment. The questionnaire was sent in the form of an electronic questionnaire at 7am on 4th, March, 2020, until 7am 6th, March, 2020, 368 questionnaires were recollected from 25 provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities) in 48 h. Of the 368 patients, 18 patients were excluded as they didn't receive anti-tumor treatment, and 350 patients were included in the final analysis. 229 cases were treated with oral targeted drugs, and 121 cases were treated with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. 41.3% of patients treated with intravenous chemotherapy or immunotherapy experienced treatment discontinuation, and the proportion of treatment discontinuation in chemotherapy or immunotherapy was higher than those treated with oral targeted drugs (21.0%). Whether oral targeted drugs or intravenous chemotherapy or immunotherapy, more than 60% of patients experienced delays in imaging examinations. Nearly one third of patients developed new symptoms or exacerbation of existing symptoms. 26.6%-28.9% of patients have changed their treatment plans through online consultation. During novel coronavirus pneumonia, 40%-75% of lung cancer patients have mental health problems, and more than 95% of patients support government's prevention and control measures. During the emergence of NCP, the medical needs of patients with lung cancer have not been enough, especially those who discontinued chemotherapy or immunotherapy. When medical institution resumes work, priority should be given to them. At the same time, mental health problems of patients should be valued and resolved timely."}, {"pmid": 32355131, "title": "Examining Inequities Associated With Changes in Obstetric and Gynecologic Care Delivery During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Onwuzurike, Chiamaka", "Meadows, Audra R", "Nour, Nawal M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355131", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health emergency requiring significant changes in obstetric and gynecologic health care delivery to minimize the risk of transmission to healthy patients and health care workers. Although these changes are necessary, they will differentially affect patients in a way that highlights and exacerbates existing inequities in health care access and outcomes. Socially vulnerable groups are already disproportionately affected by COVID-19 infection and more likely to experience severe morbidity and mortality. Some reasons for this include a limited ability to practice risk-reducing behaviors such as physical distancing, higher prevalence of chronic medical conditions, and less access to medical care. Additionally, the structural changes now taking place in health care delivery have negatively affected the ability of socially vulnerable groups to obtain necessary obstetric and gynecologic care, which may lead to poorer outcomes. As physician-leaders enact new policies to respond to the COVID-19 public health crisis, it is important to consider the potential for exacerbating existing health inequities and to be proactive in creating policies that promote equity."}, {"pmid": 32282303, "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Race Against Time.", "journal": "Curr Top Med Chem", "authors": ["Banerjee, Amit Kumar", "Arora, Neelima"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282303", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238216, "pmcid": "PMC7163192", "title": "Forecasting the cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths in China: a Boltzmann function-based modeling study.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Gao, Yuanyuan", "Zhang, Zuqin", "Yao, Wei", "Ying, Qi", "Long, Cheng", "Fu, Xinmiao"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238216", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is ongoing in China. Here, Boltzmann function-based analyses reveal the potential total numbers of COVID-19 deaths: 3,260 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3187-3394) in China; 110 (95% CI, 109-112) in Hubei Province; 3,174 (95% CI, 3095-3270) outside Hubei; 2,550 (95% CI, 2494-2621) in Wuhan City; and 617 (95% CI, 607-632) outside Wuhan."}, {"pmid": 32493868, "title": "A new framework to identify dental emergencies in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Oral Sci", "authors": ["Spicciarelli, Valentina", "Marruganti, Crystal", "Viviano, Massimo", "Baldini, Nicola", "Franciosi, Giovanni", "Tortoriello, Mario", "Ferrari, Marco", "Grandini, Simone"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493868", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In order to reduce the spread of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), it is crucial to take extraordinary prevention and safety measures in dental offices, and to defer all elective and non-urgent procedures. Dental emergencies are defined through oral symptoms but, the systemic and psychological conditions of each patient should be considered. The present short communication proposes a multilevel evaluation (oral, systemic and psychological) and risk assessment score for the management of dental emergencies following the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) outbreak. A comprehensive categorization and score scale assessment for dental emergencies allows a better identification of patient's treatment needs and avoids unnecessary contact between dental health care providers and patients during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32379111, "pmcid": "PMC7219853", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and JBJS.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Swiontkowski, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379111", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495226, "pmcid": "PMC7267470", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19: should they be used as standard therapy?", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Ibanez, Sebastian", "Martinez, Oriela", "Valenzuela, Francisca", "Silva, Francisco", "Valenzuela, Omar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495226", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of the new coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has urged the nations to an unprecedented world-wide reaction, including an accelerated exploration of therapeutic options. In the absence of a vaccine and specifically designed antivirals, the medical community has proposed the use of various previously available medications in order to reduce the number of patients requiring prolonged hospitalizations, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation and to decrease mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are among the proposed drugs and are the most widely used so far, despite the lack of robust evidence on their usefulness. The objective of this article is to review and discuss the possible role of these drugs in the therapy of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32398273, "title": "RNA genome conservation and secondary structure in SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-related viruses: a first look.", "journal": "RNA", "authors": ["Rangan, Ramya", "Zheludev, Ivan N", "Das, Rhiju"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398273", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 outbreak spreads, there is a growing need for a compilation of conserved RNA genome regions in the SARS-CoV-2 virus along with their structural propensities to guide development of antivirals and diagnostics. Here we present a first look at RNA sequence conservation and structural propensities in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Using sequence alignments spanning a range of betacoronaviruses, we rank genomic regions by RNA sequence conservation, identifying 79 regions of length at least 15 nucleotides as exactly conserved over SARS-related complete genome sequences available near the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. We then confirm the conservation of the majority of these genome regions across 739 SARS-CoV-2 sequences subsequently reported from the COVID-19 outbreak, and we present a curated list of 30 'SARS-related-conserved' regions. We find that known RNA structured elements curated as Rfam families and in prior literature are enriched in these conserved genome regions, and we predict additional conserved, stable secondary structures across the viral genome. We provide 106 'SARS-CoV-2-conserved-structured' regions as potential targets for antivirals that bind to structured RNA. We further provide detailed secondary structure models for the extended 5' UTR, frame-shifting element, and 3' UTR. Last, we predict regions of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome that have low propensity for RNA secondary structure and are conserved within SARS-CoV-2 strains. These 59 'SARS-CoV-2-conserved-unstructured' genomic regions may be most easily targeted in primer-based diagnostic and oligonucleotide-based therapeutic strategies."}, {"pmid": 32462098, "pmcid": "PMC7242967", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic, socioeconomic crisis and human stress in resource-limited settings: A case from Bangladesh.", "journal": "Heliyon", "authors": ["Shammi, Mashura", "Bodrud-Doza, Md", "Towfiqul Islam, Abu Reza Md", "Rahman, Md Mostafizur"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462098", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Considering the population density, healthcare capacity, limited resources and existing poverty, environmental factors, social structure, cultural norms, and already more than 18,863 people infected, the community transmission of COVID-19 is happening fast. These exacerbated a complex fear among the public. The aim of this article is, therefore, to understand the public perception of socioeconomic crisis and human stress in resource-limited settings of Bangladesh during the COVID-19 outbreak. The sample comprised of 1066 Bangladeshi participants. Principal component analysis (PCA) was considered to design a standardized scale to measure the mental stress and socioeconomic crisis, one-way ANOVA and t-test were conducted to perceive different demographic risk groups; multiple linear regression was applied to estimate the statistically significant association between each component, and classical test theory (CTT) analysis was applied to examine the reliability of each item according to the components to develop a composite score. Without safeguarding the fundamental needs for the vulnerable ultra-poor group can undeniably cause the socioeconomic crisis and mental stress due to the COVID-19 lockdown. It has further created unemployment, deprivation, hunger, and social conflicts. The weak governance in the fragile healthcare system exacerbates the general public's anxiety as the COVID-19 testing facilities are centered around in the urban areas, a long serial to be tested, minimum or no treatment facilities in the dedicated hospital units for COVID-19 patients are the chief observations hampered along with the disruption of other critical healthcare services. One-way ANOVA and t-test confirmed food and nutritional deficiency among the vulnerable poorest section due to loss of livelihood. Also, different emergency service provider professions such as doctors, healthcare staff, police forces, volunteer organizations at the frontline, and bankers are at higher risk of infection and subsequently mentally stressed. Proper risk assessment of the pandemic and dependable risk communications to risk groups, multi-sectoral management taskforce development, transparency, and good governance with inter-ministerial coordination is required along with strengthening healthcare capacity was suggested to reduce mental and social stress causing a socioeconomic crisis of COVID-19 outbreak. Moreover, relief for the low-income population, proper biomedical waste management through incineration, and preparation for the possible natural disasters such as flood, cyclones, and another infectious disease such as dengue was suggested. Finally, this assessment process could help the government and policymakers to judge the public perceptions to deal with COVID-19 pandemic in densely populated lower-middle-income and limited-resource countries like Bangladesh."}, {"pmid": 32472775, "title": "Will the Current COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Long-Term Cannabis Buying Practices?", "journal": "J Addict Med", "authors": ["Groshkova, Teodora", "Stoian, Tiberiu", "Cunningham, Andrew", "Griffiths, Paul", "Singleton, Nicola", "Sedefov, Roumen"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472775", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic and the response to have resulted in an increase in sales activity levels on darknet markets during the first three months of 2020, mainly related to cannabis products. One key question is whether more people will become used to this form of purchasing their drugs and will they continue with it post COVID-19 lockdown. As one-to-one encrypted communication services or social media apps are increasingly being used, monitoring and interdiction will become much more challenging."}, {"pmid": 32480422, "title": "Interleukin-6 Blockade Treatment for COVID-19 associated Cytokine Release Syndrome in a Patient with Poorly Controlled Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Ranger, Amita", "Haji, Ruby", "Kaczmarski, Richard", "Danga, Akila"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480422", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus pneumonia, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan, China. A hyperinflammatory immune response, or cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is observed in critically unwell patients with SARS-CoV-2 globally. Severe lymphopenia, hyperactivated pro-inflammatory T cells1 and decreased regulatory T cells2 are seen in these critically ill patients, suggesting dysregulated immune responses."}, {"pmid": 32371331, "pmcid": "PMC7188624", "title": "Strategies for daily operating room management of ambulatory surgery centers following resolution of the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Dexter, Franklin", "Elhakim, Mohamed", "Loftus, Randy W", "Seering, Melinda S", "Epstein, Richard H"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371331", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We performed a narrative review to explore the economics of daily operating room management decisions for ambulatory surgery centers following resolution of the acute phase of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It is anticipated that there will be a substantive fraction of patients who will be contagious, but asymptomatic at the time of surgery. Use multimodal perioperative infection control practices (e.g., including patient decontamination) and monitor performance (e.g., S. aureus transmission from patient to the environment). The consequence of COVID-19 is that such processes are more important than ever to follow because infection affects not only patients but the surgery center staff and surgeons. Dedicate most operating rooms to procedures that are not airway aerosol producing and can be performed without general anesthesia. Increase throughput by performing nerve blocks before patients enter the operating rooms. Bypass the phase I post-anesthesia care unit whenever possible by appropriate choices of anesthetic approach and drugs. Plan long-duration workdays (e.g., 12-h). For cases where the surgical procedure does not cause aerosol production, but general anesthesia will be used, have initial (phase I) post-anesthesia recovery in the operating room where the surgery was done. Use anesthetic practices that achieve fast initial recovery of the brief ambulatory cases. When the surgical procedure causes aerosol production (e.g., bronchoscopy), conduct phase I recovery in the operating room and use multimodal environmental decontamination after each case. Use statistical methods to plan for the resulting long turnover times. Whenever possible, have the anesthesia and nursing teams stagger cases in more than one room so that they are doing one surgical case while the other room is being cleaned. In conclusion, this review shows that while COVID-19 is prevalent, it will markedly affect daily ambulatory workflow for patients undergoing general anesthesia, with potentially substantial economic impact for some surgical specialties."}, {"pmid": 32100024, "title": "De-isolating COVID-19 Suspect Cases: A Continuing Challenge.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tay, Jun-Yang", "Lim, Poh Lian", "Marimuthu, Kalisvar", "Sadarangani, Sapna Pradip", "Ling, Li Min", "Ang, Brenda Sze Peng", "Chan, Monica", "Leo, Yee-Sin", "Vasoo, Shawn"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100024", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515728, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemonium pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Woodcock, Barry G"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515728", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503815, "title": "Role of Interleukin-6 in Lung Complications in Patients With COVID-19: Therapeutic Implications.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Smetana, Karel Jr", "Brabek, Jan"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503815", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is viral respiratory infection with frequently fatal lung complications in the elderly or in people with serious comorbidities. Lung destruction appears to be associated with a cytokine storm related to an increased level of interleukin-6 (IL6). Therapeutic targeting of the interleukin-6 signaling pathway can attenuate such a cytokine storm and can be beneficial for patients with COVID-19 in danger of pulmonary failure. This article demonstrates the importance of IL6 in progression of disease and the possibility of inhibition of IL6 signaling in COVID-19 therapy."}, {"pmid": 32226285, "pmcid": "PMC7098030", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: an Emerging Coronavirus that Causes a Global Threat.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Zheng, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226285", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, currently designated as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported recently. However, as SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging virus, we know little about it. In this review, we summarize the key events occurred during the early stage of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the basic characteristics of the pathogen, the signs and symptoms of the infected patients as well as the possible transmission pathways of the virus. Furthermore, we also review the current knowledge on the origin and evolution of the SARS-CoV-2. We highlight bats as the potential natural reservoir and pangolins as the possible intermediate host of the virus, but their roles are waiting for further investigation. Finally, the advances in the development of chemotherapeutic options are also briefly summarized."}, {"pmid": 32338730, "title": "The Potential Effects of Coronavirus on National Health Expenditures.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Glied, Sherry", "Levy, Helen"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338730", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272002, "title": "Abortion during the Covid-19 Pandemic - Ensuring Access to an Essential Health Service.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Bayefsky, Michelle J", "Bartz, Deborah", "Watson, Katie L"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272002", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431217, "title": "Withanone and caffeic acid phenethyl ester are predicted to interact with main protease (M(pro)) of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibit its activity.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Kumar, Vipul", "Dhanjal, Jaspreet Kaur", "Kaul, Sunil C", "Wadhwa, Renu", "Sundar, Durai"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431217", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV) has caused a large number of deaths around the globe. There is an urgent need to understand this new virus and develop prophylactic and therapeutic drugs. Since drug development is an expensive, intense and time-consuming path, timely repurposing of the existing drugs is often explored wherein the research avenues including genomics, bioinformatics, molecular modeling approaches offer valuable strengths. Here, we have examined the binding potential of Withaferin-A (Wi-A), Withanone (Wi-N) (active withanolides of Ashwagandha) and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE, bioactive ingredient of propolis) to a highly conserved protein, Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. We found that Wi-N and CAPE, but not Wi-A, bind to the substrate-binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with efficacy and binding energies equivalent to an already claimed N3 protease inhibitor. Similar to N3 inhibitor, Wi-N and CAPE were interacting with the highly conserved residues of the proteases of coronaviruses. The binding stability of these molecules was further analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations. The binding free energies calculated using MM/GBSA for N3 inhibitor, CAPE and Wi-N were also comparable. Data presented here predicted that these natural compounds may possess the potential to inhibit the functional activity of SARS-CoV-2 protease (an essential protein for virus survival), and hence (i) may connect to save time and cost required for designing/development, and initial screening for anti-COVID drugs, (ii) may offer some therapeutic value for the management of novel fatal coronavirus disease, (iii) warrants prioritized further validation in the laboratory and clinical tests.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32253180, "title": "Health surveillance during covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Calvo, Rafael A", "Deterding, Sebastian", "Ryan, Richard M"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253180", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250751, "pmcid": "PMC7270905", "title": "Triage Considerations for Patients Referred for Structural Heart Disease Intervention During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An ACC /SCAI Consensus Statement.", "journal": "JACC Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Shah, Pinak B", "Welt, Frederick G P", "Mahmud, Ehtisham", "Phillips, Alistair", "Kleiman, Neal S", "Young, Michael N", "Sherwood, Matthew", "Batchelor, Wayne", "Wang, Dee Dee", "Davidson, Laura", "Wyman, Janet", "Kadavath, Sabeeda", "Szerlip, Molly", "Hermiller, James", "Fullerton, David", "Anwaruddin, Saif"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has strained health care resources around the world causing many institutions to curtail or stop elective procedures. This has resulted in the inability to care for patients valvular and structural heart disease (SHD) in a timely fashion potentially placing these patients at increased risk for adverse cardiovascular complications including congestive heart failure and death. The effective triage of these patients has become challenging in the current environment as clinicians have had to weigh the risk of bringing susceptible patients into the hospital environment during the COVID-19 pandemic versus the risk of delaying a needed procedure. In this document, we suggest guidelines as to how to triage patients in need of SHD interventions and provide a framework of how to decide when it may be appropriate to proceed with intervention despite the ongoing pandemic. In particular, we address the triage of patients in need of trans-catheter aortic valve replacement and percutaneous mitral valve repair. We also address procedural issues and considerations for the function of structural heart disease teams during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32371758, "pmcid": "PMC7223572", "title": "Intubation and Ventilation amid COVID-19: Reply.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Zhang, Lina", "Xiong, Lize", "Meng, Lingzhong"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371758", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389164, "pmcid": "PMC7248594", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 in Italy: The Veneto model.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Grossi, Ugo", "Zanus, Giacomo", "Felice, Carla"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389164", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32157783, "pmcid": "PMC7228204", "title": "COVID-19 and psoriasis: Is it time to limit treatment with immunosuppressants? A call for action.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Conforti, Claudio", "Giuffrida, Roberta", "Dianzani, Caterina", "Di Meo, Nicola", "Zalaudek, Iris"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157783", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227236, "title": "Annals On Call - Protecting Health Care Workers From COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Centor, Robert M", "Marrazzo, Jeanne"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227236", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32172175, "pmcid": "PMC7102582", "title": "Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Gupta, Ritesh", "Ghosh, Amerta", "Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32172175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305291, "pmcid": "PMC7162763", "title": "Multicenter analysis of clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 who develop liver injury.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Qi, Xiaolong", "Liu, Chuan", "Jiang, Zicheng", "Gu, Ye", "Zhang, Guo", "Shao, Chuxiao", "Yue, Hongmei", "Chen, Zhenhuai", "Ma, Baoyi", "Liu, Dengxiang", "Zhang, Lin", "Wang, Jitao", "Xu, Dan", "Lei, Junqiang", "Li, Xun", "Huang, Huihong", "Wang, Yan", "Liu, Hongyan", "Yang, Jie", "Pan, Hongqiu", "Liu, Weiying", "Wang, Wenjuan", "Li, Fujian", "Zou, Shengqiang", "Zhang, Hongguang", "Dong, Jiahong"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305291", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345686, "title": "Vulnerable Youth and the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Silliman Cohen, Rachel I", "Adlin Bosk, Emily"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345686", "topics": ["Prevention", "General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470131, "title": "The COVID-19 Rehabilitation Pandemic.", "journal": "Age Ageing", "authors": ["De Biase, Sarah", "Cook, Laura", "Skelton, Dawn A", "Witham, Miles", "Ten Hove, Ruth"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470131", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic and the response to the pandemic are combining to produce a tidal wave of need for rehabilitation. Rehabilitation will be needed for survivors of COVID-19, many of whom are older, with underlying health problems. In addition, rehabilitation will be needed for those who have become deconditioned as a result of movement restrictions, social isolation, and inability to access healthcare for pre-existing or new non-COVID-19 illnesses. Delivering rehabilitation in the same way as before the pandemic will not be practical, nor will this approach meet the likely scale of need for rehabilitation. This commentary reviews the likely rehabilitation needs of older people both with and without COVID-19 and discusses how strategies to deliver effective rehabilitation at scale can be designed and implemented in a world living with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32339245, "pmcid": "PMC7197593", "title": "Contact tracing for COVID-19: An opportunity to reduce health disparities and End the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the US.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nosyk, Bohdan", "Armstrong, Wendy S", "Del Rio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339245", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV2 testing and contact tracing have been proposed as critical components of a safe and effective COVID-19 public health strategy. We argue that COVID-19 contact tracing may provide a unique opportunity to also conduct widespread HIV testing, among other health promotion activities."}, {"pmid": 32454231, "pmcid": "PMC7245200", "title": "Proposed Resumption of Surgery Algorithm Following the Corona Virus SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Smeds, Matthew R", "Siddiqui, Sameer"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454231", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366172, "title": "COVID-19 and the Widening Gap in Health Inequity.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Krouse, Helene J"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366172", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought to light significant health inequities that have existed in our society for decades. Blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans, and immigrants are the populations most likely to experience disparities related to burden of disease, health care, and health outcomes. Increasingly, national and state statistics on COVID-19 report disproportionately higher mortality rates in blacks. There has never been a more pressing time for us to enact progressive and far-reaching changes in social, economic, and political policies that will shape programs aimed at improving the health of all people living in the United States."}, {"pmid": 32311300, "title": "COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019): Opportunities and Challenges for Digital Health and the Internet of Medical Things in China.", "journal": "OMICS", "authors": ["Lin, Biaoyang", "Wu, ShengJun"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311300", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426113, "pmcid": "PMC7219006", "title": "Could pulmonary arterial hypertension patients be at a lower risk from severe COVID-19?", "journal": "Pulm Circ", "authors": ["Horn, Evelyn M", "Chakinala, Murali", "Oudiz, Ronald", "Joseloff, Elizabeth", "Rosenzweig, Erika B"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426113", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426897, "title": "Heparin - an old drug with multiple potential targets in Covid-19 therapy.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Lindahl, Ulf", "Li, Jin-Ping"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426897", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A prominent clinical feature of severe Covid-19 infection is respiratory failure associated with pulmonary coagulopathy. Recent reports published in Thrombosis and Haemostasis show that treatment with low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) decreases mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis-induced hypercoagulation, and thus argue for prophylactic administration of the anticoagulant. In addition, the authors point to non-anticoagulant activities of heparin, in particular anti-inflammatory effects with potential to prevent deterioration of the disease. We would like to use this opportunity to clarify the biochemical background of the diverse activities of heparin, and further, how this information may be exploited to generate more efficient treatment of the viral infection. Mechanisms to consider relate to the functional roles of proteins interacting with heparan sulfate (HS), a polysaccharide closely related to heparin."}, {"pmid": 32336627, "pmcid": "PMC7175900", "title": "The need of COVID19 free hospitals to maintain cancer care.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Restivo, Angelo", "De Luca, Raffaele", "Spolverato, Gaya", "Delrio, Paolo", "Lorenzon, Laura", "D'Ugo, Domenico", "Gronchi, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336627", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531225, "pmcid": "PMC7283054", "title": "Protecting the Homeless During The COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Tan, Li Feng", "Chua, Joo Wei"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32144591, "pmcid": "PMC7090746", "title": "What we do when a COVID-19 patient needs an operation: operating room preparation and guidance.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Ti, Lian Kah", "Ang, Lin Stella", "Foong, Theng Wai", "Ng, Bryan Su Wei"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144591", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471001, "title": "COVID-19 in elderly kidney transplant recipients.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Crespo, Marta", "Jose Perez-Saez, Maria", "Redondo-Pachon, Dolores", "Llinas-Mallol, Laura", "Montero, Maria Milagro", "Villar, Judith", "Arias-Cabrales, Carlos", "Buxeda, Anna", "Burballa, Carla", "Vazquez, Susana", "Lopez, Thais", "Moreno, Fatima", "Mir, Marisa", "Outon, Sara", "Sierra, Adriana", "Collado, Silvia", "Barrios, Clara", "Rodriguez, Eva", "Sans, Laia", "Barbosa, Francesc", "Cao, Higini", "Arenas, Maria Dolores", "Guerri-Fernandez, Roberto", "Horcajada, Juan Pablo", "Pascual, Julio"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471001", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-Cov-2 infection disease (COVID-19) pandemic has posed at risk the kidney transplant (KT) population, particularly the elderly recipients. From March-12th until April-4th 2020, we diagnosed COVID-19 in 16 of our 324 KT patients aged \u226565 years old (4.9%). Many of them had had contact with healthcare facilities in the month prior to infection. Median time of symptom onset to admission was 7 days. All presented with fever and all but one with pneumonia. Up to 33% showed renal graft dysfunction. At infection diagnosis, mTOR inhibitors or mycophenolate were withdrawn. Tacrolimus was withdrawn in 70%. The main treatment combination was hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. A subset of patients was treated with anti-retroviral and tocilizumab. Short-term fatality rate was 50% at a median time since admission of 3 days. Those who died were more frequently obese, frail and had underlying heart disease. Although a higher respiratory rate was observed at admission in nonsurvivors, symptoms at presentation were similar between both groups. Patients who died were more anemic, lymphopenic and showed higher D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and IL-6 at their first tests. COVID-19 is frequent among the elderly KT population and associates a very early and high mortality rate."}, {"pmid": 32407561, "pmcid": "PMC7272880", "title": "Unconditional Care in Academic Emergency Departments.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Kline, Jeffrey A", "Burton, John H", "Carpenter, Christopher R", "Meisel, Zachary F", "Miner, James R", "Newgard, Craig D", "Quest, Tammie", "Martin, Ian B K", "Holmes, James F", "Kaji, Amy H", "Bird, Steven B", "Coates, Wendy C", "Lall, Michelle D", "Mills, Angela M", "Ranney, Megan L", "Wolfe, Richard E", "Dorner, Stephen C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407561", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533062, "title": "Overview of lethal human coronaviruses.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Chen, Bin", "Tian, Er-Kang", "He, Bin", "Tian, Lejin", "Han, Ruiying", "Wang, Shuangwen", "Xiang, Qianrong", "Zhang, Shu", "El Arnaout, Toufic", "Cheng, Wei"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533062", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus infections of multiple origins have spread to date worldwide, causing severe respiratory diseases. Seven coronaviruses that infect humans have been identified: HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Among them, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV caused outbreaks in 2002 and 2012, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is the most recently discovered. It has created a severe worldwide outbreak beginning in late 2019, leading to date to over 4 million cases globally. Viruses are genetically simple, yet highly diverse. However, the recent outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and the ongoing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, indicate that there remains a long way to go to identify and develop specific therapeutic treatments. Only after gaining a better understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms can we minimize viral pandemics. This paper mainly focuses on SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Here, recent studies are summarized and reviewed, with a focus on virus-host interactions, vaccine-based and drug-targeted therapies, and the development of new approaches for clinical diagnosis and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32320062, "pmcid": "PMC7264652", "title": "Infection risk in a gastroenterological ward during a nosocomial COVID-19 infection event.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Hara, Tasuku", "Yamamoto, Chie", "Sawada, Ryo", "Ohara, Tomoya", "Oka, Kohei", "Iwai, Naoto", "Inada, Yutaka", "Tsuji, Toshifumi", "Okuda, Takashi", "Komaki, Toshiyuki", "Kagawa, Keizo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320062", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) first emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and rapidly infected a large number of individuals, and disease clusters have spread worldwide. A case of presumably nosocomial COVID-19 was detected in the gastroenterological ward; however, appropriate precautions against contact and droplet prevented a subsequent infection cluster. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32403190, "pmcid": "PMC7273032", "title": "Colon capsule endoscopy: an innovative method for detecting colorectal pathology during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["MacLeod, C", "Wilson, P", "Watson, A J M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403190", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic has led to significant challenges for healthcare delivery across the globe. Non-emergency endoscopic activity in the UK has been postponed, raising concerns of increased delays in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and a surge in demand once services resume. Measures to mitigate this risk must be considered. This paper reviews various investigative modalities for colorectal disease which could be deployed during cessation of colonoscopy services. We focus on colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) due to its relevance during the COVID-19 pandemic and its ability to triage patients effectively to further endoscopic investigations. CT of the abdomen and pelvis has been suggested as a triage tool while access to colonoscopy is limited. However, CT may lead to the spread of COVID-19 as patients attend the hospital, and it exposes them to the risks of radiation. Faecal immunochemistry tests have been demonstrated as a good predictor of colonic pathology and could be safely used to risk stratify patients when prioritizing colonoscopy. CCE is a safe and innovative technology for investigating the colon. Procedures can be carried out in the community and can be conducted safely during the coronavirus pandemic. It has been shown to be an accurate detector of colonic neoplasia and can reduce demand for colonoscopy. As colonoscopy services resume, they will probably experience high demand leading to further delays for patients. CCE could be used to reduce the number of patients requiring colonoscopy and triage those requiring further endoscopic investigations appropriately."}, {"pmid": 32503849, "title": "Severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia in 3 patients with systemic sclerosis treated with rituximab.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Avouac, Jerome", "Airo, Paolo", "Carlier, Nicolas", "Matucci-Cerinic, Marco", "Allanore, Yannick"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503849", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359201, "pmcid": "PMC7267459", "title": "The first, holistic immunological model of COVID-19: Implications for prevention, diagnosis, and public health measures.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Matricardi, Paolo Maria", "Dal Negro, Roberto Walter", "Nisini, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359201", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The natural history of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is extremely variable, ranging from asymptomatic or mild infection, mainly in children, to multi-organ failure, eventually fatal, mainly in the eldest. We propose here the first model explaining how the outcome of first, crucial 10-15\u00a0days after infection, depends on the balance between the cumulative dose of viral exposure and the efficacy of the local innate immune response (natural IgA and IgM antibodies, mannose-binding lectin). If SARS-CoV-2 runs the blockade of this innate immunity and spreads from the upper airways to the alveoli in the early phases of the infections, it can replicate with no local resistance, causing pneumonia and releasing high amounts of antigens. The delayed and strong adaptive immune response (high-affinity IgM and IgG antibodies) that follows, causes severe inflammation and triggers mediator cascades (complement, coagulation, and cytokine storm), leading to complications often requiring intensive therapy and being, in some patients, fatal. Low-moderate physical activity can still be recommended. However, extreme physical activity and oral breathing with hyperventilation during the incubation days and early stages of COVID-19 facilitates re-inhalation and early direct penetration of high numbers of own virus particles in the lower airways and the alveoli, without impacting on the airway's mucosae covered by neutralizing antibodies (\"viral auto-inhalation\" phenomenon). This allows the virus to bypass the efficient immune barrier of the upper airway mucosa in already infected, young, and otherwise healthy athletes. In conclusion, whether the virus or the adaptive immune response reaches the lungs first is a crucial factor deciding the fate of the patient. This \"quantitative and time-/sequence-dependent\" model has several implications for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of COVID-19 at all ages."}, {"pmid": 32463287, "title": "Raising awareness of disabled lives and health care rationing during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Lund, Emily M", "Ayers, Kara B"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463287", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Discriminatory and ableist health care rationing policies have raised serious concern in the disability community during the novel coronavirus pandemic. These concerns reflect the long-standing devaluation of disabled lives and place considerable weight on the disability community during this already stressful time. Nondisabled psychologists should work to advocate for the rights of people with disabilities by amplifying the voices and concerns of disabled activists so that history does not repeat itself. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32328219, "pmcid": "PMC7178922", "title": "From Helpless to Hero: Promoting Values-Based Behavior and Positive Family Interaction in the Midst of COVID-19.", "journal": "Behav Anal Pract", "authors": ["Szabo, Thomas G", "Richling, Sarah", "Embry, Dennis D", "Biglan, Anthony", "Wilson, Kelly G"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328219", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Parents managing their home environments during government-ordered stay-at-home periods are likely to need new skills for occupying their children's time with activities that promote health and emotional well-being. Moreover, parents and children know they need help managing these circumstances. Perhaps for the first time, behavior analysts hold the reinforcers for increasing parental involvement in effective child-rearing practices. In fact, behavior analysts can help parents enlist their children in managing the household by framing their behavior in terms of hidden superpowers. In the current article, we argue that behavior analysts have a range of tools to offer that are grounded in evidence-based principles, strategies, and kernels-or essential units of behavioral influence. When combined into scheduled daily practices and invoked by children taught to see their use of the tools as nothing short of heroic, these practices function as \"vaccinations\" that inoculate families against toxic and unsafe behaviors."}, {"pmid": 32413502, "pmcid": "PMC7217115", "title": "Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 2 (surgical prioritisation).", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Al-Jabir, Ahmed", "Kerwan, Ahmed", "Nicola, Maria", "Alsafi, Zaid", "Khan, Mehdi", "Sohrabi, Catrin", "O'Neill, Niamh", "Iosifidis, Christos", "Griffin, Michelle", "Mathew, Ginimol", "Agha, Riaz"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413502", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic represents a once in a century challenge to human healthcare with over 4.5 million cases and over 300,000 deaths thus far. Surgical practice has been significantly impacted with all specialties writing guidelines for how to manage during this crisis. All specialties have had to triage the urgency of their daily surgical procedures and consider non-surgical management options where possible. The Pandemic has had ramifications for ways of working, surgical techniques, open vs minimally invasive, theatre workflow, patient and staff safety, training and education. With guidelines specific to each specialty being implemented and followed, surgeons should be able to continue to provide safe and effective care to their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this comprehensive and up to date review we assess changes to working practices through the lens of each surgical specialty."}, {"pmid": 32507521, "title": "Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on burns epidemiology.", "journal": "Burns", "authors": ["Farroha, Azzam"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507521", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524375, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: personal view to a new model of pediatric practice.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Barsoum, Zakaria"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524375", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409516, "title": "Proximal humeral fracture surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic: advocacy for regional anesthesia.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Tognu, Andrea", "Barbara, Enrico", "Pacini, Ilaria", "Bosco, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409516", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471876, "title": "Registries Offer Insights on COVID-19-Cancer Connection.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471876", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Findings from CCC19 and TERAVOLT suggest that patients with cancer may be more likely to die from COVID-19 than people in the general population. Additional mortality risk factors may include age, performance status, treatment with chemotherapy, and exposure to hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin."}, {"pmid": 32423636, "pmcid": "PMC7177116", "title": "Radiological Presentation of Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "J Emerg Nurs", "authors": ["Gleyzer, Aleksandr", "Milman, Edward"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423636", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353223, "title": "Characteristics, treatment, outcomes and cause of death of invasively ventilated patients with COVID-19 ARDS in Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Crit Care Resusc", "authors": ["Zangrillo, Alberto", "Beretta, Luigi", "Scandroglio, Anna Mara", "Monti, Giacomo", "Fominskiy, Evgeny", "Colombo, Sergio", "Morselli, Federica", "Belletti, Alessandro", "Silvani, Paolo", "Crivellari, Martina", "Monaco, Fabrizio", "Azzolini, Maria Luisa", "Reineke, Raffaella", "Nardelli, Pasquale", "Sartorelli, Marianna", "Votta, Carmine D", "Ruggeri, Annalisa", "Ciceri, Fabio", "De Cobelli, Francesco", "Tresoldi, Moreno", "Dagna, Lorenzo", "Rovere-Querini, Patrizia", "Serpa Neto, Ary", "Bellomo, Rinaldo", "Landoni, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353223", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Describe characteristics, daily care and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Case series of 73 patients. Large tertiary hospital in Milan. Mechanically ventilated patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between 20 February and 2 April 2020. Demographic and daily clinical data were collected to identify predictors of early mortality. Of the 73 patients included in the study, most were male (83.6%), the median age was 61 years (interquartile range [IQR], 54-69 years), and hypertension affected 52.9% of patients. Lymphocytopenia (median, 0.77 x 103 per mm3 ; IQR, 0.58-1.00 x 103 per mm3), hyperinflammation with C-reactive protein (median, 184.5 mg/dL; IQR, 108.2-269.1 mg/dL) and pro-coagulant status with D-dimer (median, 10.1 \u03bcg/m; IQR, 5.0-23.8 \u03bcg/m) were present. Median tidal volume was 6.7 mL/kg (IQR, 6.0-7.5 mL/kg), and median positive end-expiratory pressure was 12 cmH2O (IQR, 10-14 cmH2O). In the first 3 days, prone positioning (12-16 h) was used in 63.8% of patients and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in five patients (6.8%). After a median follow-up of 19.0 days (IQR, 15.0-27.0 days), 17 patients (23.3%) had died, 23 (31.5%) had been discharged from the ICU, and 33 (45.2%) were receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU. Older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.22; P = 0.004) and hypertension (OR, 6.15; 95% CI, 1.75-29.11; P = 0.009) were associated with mortality, while early improvement in arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio was associated with being discharged alive from the ICU (P = 0.002 for interaction). Despite multiple advanced critical care interventions, COVID-19 ARDS was associated with prolonged ventilation and high short term mortality. Older age and pre-admission hypertension were key mortality risk factors. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04318366."}, {"pmid": 32427141, "pmcid": "PMC7229735", "title": "How to protect operating room staff from COVID-19?", "journal": "Perioper Care Oper Room Manag", "authors": ["Khah, Amir Mohammad Meraji", "Khoozani, Atefeh Beigi"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487278, "title": "Mental health of people living with dementia in care homes during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Velayudhan, Latha", "Aarsland, Dag", "Ballard, Clive"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487278", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438034, "pmcid": "PMC7211645", "title": "Does lopinavir really inhibit SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Cattaneo, Dario", "Cattaneo, Dario", "Gervasoni, Cristina", "Corbellino, Mario", "Galli, Massimo", "Riva, Agostino", "Gervasoni, Cristina", "Clementi, Emilio", "Clementi, Emilio"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438034", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329789, "title": "Child Abuse Awareness Month During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Rosenthal, Cameron M", "Thompson, Lindsay A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329789", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523709, "pmcid": "PMC7262737", "title": "Canadian Society of Nephrology COVID-19 Rapid Response Team Home Dialysis Recommendations.", "journal": "Can J Kidney Health Dis", "authors": ["Copland, Michael", "Hemmett, Juliya", "MacRae, Jennifer M", "McCormick, Brendan", "McCormick, Michael", "Qirjazi, Elena", "Singh, Rajinder S", "Zimmerman, Deborah"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523709", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper will provide guidance on how to best manage patients with end-stage kidney disease who will be or are being treated with home dialysis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Program-specific documents, pre-existing, and related to COVID-19; documents from national and international kidney agencies; national and international webinars, including webinars that we hosted for input and feedback; with additional information from formal and informal review of published academic literature. Members of the Canadian Society of Nephrology (CSN) Board of Directors solicited a team of clinicians and administrators with expertise in home dialysis. Specific COVID-19-related themes in home dialysis were determined by the Canadian senior renal leaders community of practice, a group compromising medical and administrative leaders of provincial and health authority renal programs. We then developed consensus-based recommendations virtually by the CSN work-group with input from ethicists with nephrology training. The recommendations were further reviewed by community nephrologists and over a CSN-sponsored webinar, attended by 225 kidney health care professionals, for further peer input. The final consensus recommendations also incorporated review by the editors at the Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease (CJKHD). We identified 7 broad areas of home dialysis practice management that may be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) peritoneal dialysis catheter placement, (2) home dialysis training, (3) home dialysis management, (4) personal protective equipment, (5) product delivery, (6) minimizing direct health care provider and patient contact, and (7) assisted peritoneal dialysis in the community. We make specific suggestions and recommendations for each of these areas. This suggestions and recommendations in this paper are expert opinion, and subject to the biases associated with this level of evidence. To expedite the publication of this work, a parallel review process was created that may not be as robust as standard arms' length peer-review processes. These recommendations are intended to provide the best care possible during a time of altered priorities and reduced resources."}, {"pmid": 32364561, "title": "Randomized Clinical Trials and COVID-19: Managing Expectations.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bauchner, Howard", "Fontanarosa, Phil B"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364561", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504135, "pmcid": "PMC7274567", "title": "Point-of-care lung ultrasound in three neonates with COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Pediatr", "authors": ["Gregorio-Hernandez, R", "Escobar-Izquierdo, A B", "Cobas-Pazos, J", "Martinez-Gimeno, A"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504135", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since March 2020, the world is involved in the COVID-19 pandemic, a disease caused by a novel virus called SARS-CoV-2. Some authors have described the ultrasonographic findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in adults and children, but data on neonates are lacking. Our objective was to describe the ultrasonographic lung pattern on newborns with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Newborns who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 PCR in respiratory samples and were evaluated with point-of-care lung ultrasound (LU) from March to April 2020 were included. LU was performed bedside by a single investigator at the time of diagnosis and every 48 h during the first week following diagnosis. Six areas were studied. Three neonates were included. Infants' comorbidities included meconium aspiration syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and Hirschsprung's disease. One required mechanical ventilation. No deaths occurred. LU showed B-lines, consolidation, and spared areas. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion was observedConclusions: LU could be of value when managing COVID-19 neonates. We describe the findings of lung ultrasound monitoring during the first week following diagnosis in three neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection.What is known:\u2022 Lung ultrasound (LU) is a useful tool in COVID-19 management in adults. To date, no report on LU and neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection has been published.What is new:\u2022 This study adds evidence about LU findings in neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32510734, "title": "Azithromycin and COVID-19Prompt Early Use at First Signs of this Infection in Adults and Children An Approach Worthy of Consideration.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Schwartz, Robert A", "Suskind, Robert M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510734", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The devastating effects of the coronavirus designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) has led to urgent attempts to find effective therapeutic agents for inpatient and outpatient treatment of COVID-19. Initial enthusiasm for the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin has abated. However, as a result of positive clinical experience with azithromycin used alone during the first few days of the flu-like illness caused by this coronavirus, we recommend formal clinical trials using azithromycin early in the course of a COVID-19 infection. There is one clinical trial initiated, the individually-randomized, telemedicine-based, \"Azithromycin for COVID-19 Treatment in Outpatients Nationwide (ACTION)\" based at the University of California San Francisco. This placebo-controlled trial is designed to determine the efficacy of a single 1.2\u2009g dose of oral azithromycin to prevent COVID-19 patient progression to hospitalization. We recommend formal clinical trials of azithromycin in its prepackaged form at the first sign of COVID-19 infection in adults and children, using an initial adult dose of 500\u2009mg followed by 250\u2009mg per day for four days, a total cumulative dose of 1.5\u2009g, and for children 5 to 18\u2009years of age, 10\u2009mg/kg on the first day followed by 5\u2009mg/kg for four days. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32322918, "pmcid": "PMC7175449", "title": "Thrombotic events in SARS-CoV-2 patients: an urgent call for ultrasound screening.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Tavazzi, Guido", "Civardi, Luca", "Caneva, Luca", "Mongodi, Silvia", "Mojoli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322918", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285949, "pmcid": "PMC7262132", "title": "Computed Tomography Imaging of an HIV-infected Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Jiaxiang", "Cheng, Xinge", "Wang, Rongpin", "Zeng, Xianchun"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285949", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369211, "title": "What could be the better choice between ACE inhibitors and AT1R antagonists in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Froldi, Guglielmina"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369211", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267984, "pmcid": "PMC7262398", "title": "ISUOG Consensus Statement on rationalization of gynecological ultrasound services in context of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Bourne, T", "Leonardi, M", "Kyriacou, C", "Al-Memar, M", "Landolfo, C", "Cibula, D", "Condous, G", "Metzger, U", "Fischerova, D", "Timmerman, D", "van den Bosch, T"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267984", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32168162, "pmcid": "PMC7141582", "title": "A Diabetic Patient With 2019-nCoV (COVID-19) Infection Who Recovered and Was Discharged From Hospital.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Han, Xiaoyu", "Fan, Yanqing", "Wan, Yung-Liang", "Shi, Heshui"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32168162", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus has become a global health hazard and its high infectivity is alarming. The imaging findings of the 2019-nCoV infection in our young diabetic patient featured ground-glass opacities and consolidations in both lungs. The lung lesions may involute rapidly during the course. The patient showed improvement both clinically and on computed tomography imaging at discharged after 2 weeks' treatment. Computed tomography scans of patients helped monitor the changes continuously, which could timely provide the information of the evolution of the disease or therapeutic effect to clinicians."}, {"pmid": 32454046, "pmcid": "PMC7245257", "title": "Negative Pressure Tent to Reduce Exposure of Health Care Workers to SARS CoV-2 During Aerosol Generating Respiratory Therapies.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Fox, Thomas H", "Silverblatt, Michael", "Lacour, Alisha", "deBoisblanc, Bennett P"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454046", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408961, "pmcid": "PMC7158806", "title": "Clinical course of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 soon after thoracoscopic lung surgery.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Huang, Jingyu", "Wang, Aifen", "Kang, Ganjun", "Li, Dejia", "Hu, Weidong"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408961", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473312, "pmcid": "PMC7253999", "title": "Efficacy of face mask in preventing respiratory virus transmission: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Liang, Mingming", "Gao, Liang", "Cheng, Ce", "Zhou, Qin", "Uy, John Patrick", "Heiner, Kurt", "Sun, Chenyu"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473312", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Conflicting recommendations exist related to whether masks have a protective effect on the spread of respiratory viruses. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement was consulted to report this systematic review. Relevant articles were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP (Chinese) database. A total of 21 studies met our inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses suggest that mask use provided a significant protective effect (OR\u202f=\u202f0.35 and 95% CI\u202f=\u202f0.24-0.51). Use of masks by healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-healthcare workers (Non-HCWs) can reduce the risk of respiratory virus infection by 80% (OR\u202f=\u202f0.20, 95% CI\u202f=\u202f0.11-0.37) and 47% (OR\u202f=\u202f0.53, 95% CI\u202f=\u202f0.36-0.79). The protective effect of wearing masks in Asia (OR\u202f=\u202f0.31) appeared to be higher than that of Western countries (OR\u202f=\u202f0.45). Masks had a protective effect against influenza viruses (OR\u202f=\u202f0.55), SARS (OR\u202f=\u202f0.26), and SARS-CoV-2 (OR\u202f=\u202f0.04). In the subgroups based on different study designs, protective effects of wearing mask were significant in cluster randomized trials and observational studies. This study adds additional evidence of the enhanced protective value of masks, we stress that the use masks serve as an adjunctive method regarding the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32381441, "pmcid": "PMC7194697", "title": "Effect of COVID-19 on Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Surgical Volume in the United States.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Bedard, Nicholas A", "Elkins, Jacob M", "Brown, Timothy S"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381441", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to help combat the COVID-19 pandemic and preserve essential health care resources, starting in mid-March 2020, surgeons have been instructed to only perform essential surgical procedures. The vast majority of hip and knee arthroplasty surgery does not meet the definition of essential surgery. This study estimated the number of arthroplasty procedures that would be canceled because of these important restrictions. The US hip and knee arthroplasty procedure volume projections for 2020 were estimated from four recently published studies. Data from the American Joint Replacement Registry were utilized to determine what percentage of these cases would be considered nonessential surgery. Monthly and weekly estimates of nonessential hip and knee arthroplasty procedures that would have occurred had there not been any restrictions due to COVID-19 were calculated. After excluding essential procedures, it was estimated that approximately 30,000 primary and 3000 revision hip and knee arthroplasty procedures will be canceled each week while COVID-19 restrictions regarding nonessential surgery are in place. If only 50% of nonessential cases were actually canceled across the United States, that would still result in the cancellation of 15,001 primary and 1435 revision hip and knee arthroplasty procedures per week while restrictions are in place. This study highlights the profound impact COVID-19 is having on our current hip and knee arthroplasty volume. The large number of cases canceled because of COVID-19 translates into major financial losses for health care institutions and may have a profound impact on our patients."}, {"pmid": 32372753, "pmcid": "PMC7201953", "title": "Temporal rise in the proportion of younger adults and older adolescents among coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases following the introduction of physical distancing measures, Germany, March to April 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Goldstein, Edward", "Lipsitch, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372753", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using data on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Germany from the Robert Koch Institute, we found a relative increase with time in the prevalence in 15-34 year-olds (particularly 20-24-year-olds) compared with 35-49- and 10-14-year-olds (we excluded older and younger ages because of different healthcare seeking behaviour). This suggests an elevated role for that age group in propagating the epidemic following the introduction of physical distancing measures."}, {"pmid": 32228252, "pmcid": "PMC7191628", "title": "COVID-19, ACE2, and the cardiovascular consequences.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol", "authors": ["South, Andrew M", "Diz, Debra I", "Chappell, Mark C"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228252", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel SARS coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may be particularly deleterious to patients with underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD). The mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 infection is the requisite binding of the virus to the membrane-bound form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and internalization of the complex by the host cell. Recognition that ACE2 is the coreceptor for the coronavirus has prompted new therapeutic approaches to block the enzyme or reduce its expression to prevent the cellular entry and SARS-CoV-2 infection in tissues that express ACE2 including lung, heart, kidney, brain, and gut. ACE2, however, is a key enzymatic component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS); ACE2 degrades ANG II, a peptide with multiple actions that promote CVD, and generates Ang-(1-7), which antagonizes the effects of ANG II. Moreover, experimental evidence suggests that RAAS blockade by ACE inhibitors, ANG II type 1 receptor antagonists, and mineralocorticoid antagonists, as well as statins, enhance ACE2 which, in part, contributes to the benefit of these regimens. In lieu of the fact that many older patients with hypertension or other CVDs are routinely treated with RAAS blockers and statins, new clinical concerns have developed regarding whether these patients are at greater risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, whether RAAS and statin therapy should be discontinued, and the potential consequences of RAAS blockade to COVID-19-related pathologies such as acute and chronic respiratory disease. The current perspective critically examines the evidence for ACE2 regulation by RAAS blockade and statins, the cardiovascular benefits of ACE2, and whether ACE2 blockade is a viable approach to attenuate COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32486619, "title": "Enforced format change to medical education webinar during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Korean J Med Educ", "authors": ["Lee, Young-Mee", "Park, Hyunmi", "Pyun, Sung-Bom", "Yoon, Young Wook"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486619", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32154877, "pmcid": "PMC7108508", "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: Diagnosis, Infection Prevention, and Public Perception.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Wang, Ping", "Anderson, Neil", "Pan, Yang", "Poon, Leo", "Charlton, Carmen", "Zelyas, Nathan", "Persing, David", "Rhoads, Daniel", "Babcock, Hilary"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32154877", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501451, "pmcid": "PMC7255308", "title": "COVID-19: a time to reflect.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["The Lancet Rheumatology"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501451", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430480, "title": "Prevention and control of COVID-19 in neurointerventional surgery: expert consensus from the Chinese Federation of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (CFITN) and the International Society for Neurovascular Disease (ISNVD).", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["He, Yingkun", "Hong, Tao", "Wang, Meiyun", "Jiao, Liqun", "Ge, Yulin", "Haacke, E Mark", "Li, Tianxiao", "Hongqi, Zhang"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430480", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450943, "title": "Loneliness and Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Hwang, Tzung-Jeng", "Rabheru, Kiran", "Peisah, Carmelle", "Reichman, William", "Ikeda, Manabu"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450943", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Loneliness and social isolation are associated with adverse physical and psychological consequences which are particularly prevalent in older persons. During this unprecedented time of the COVID-19 pandemic, we must follow social distancing guidelines to protect ourselves and to reduce the spread of coronavirus. At the same time, it is crucial to maintain social connections with each other, especially with older persons, to help cope and reduce the negative consequences of loneliness and social isolation. It is important to develop new strategies (e.g. virtual health care and new government policy) to address loneliness and social isolation among older adults for the post-pandemic era."}, {"pmid": 32419702, "pmcid": "PMC7224666", "title": "Considerations for the outpatient practice in pediatric surgery during the novel SARS-CoV-2Pandemic.", "journal": "J Pediatr Surg", "authors": ["Tirabassi, Michael V"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419702", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412013, "pmcid": "PMC7148714", "title": "International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC): General guidance for the management of the dead related to COVID-19.", "journal": "Forensic Sci Int", "authors": ["Finegan, Oran", "Fonseca, Stephen", "Guyomarc'h, Pierre", "Morcillo Mendez, Maria Dolores", "Rodriguez Gonzalez, Jacqueline", "Tidball-Binz, Morris", "Winter, Kristy A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412013", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on its forensic capacity and experience gained worldwide from the management of the dead in emergencies, including epidemics, the International Committee of the Red Cross has been asked by the authorities and other relevant stakeholders in some of its operational contexts to advise on the management of the dead from COVID-19 infection, for which it has prepared the following guidance. This includes advice on the handling of COVID-19 fatalities and a set of considerations for managers faced with the need to plan for adequately responding to a possible surge in fatalities caused by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32436405, "title": "Social Vulnerability and Racial Inequality in COVID-19 Deaths in Chicago.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Kim, Sage J", "Bostwick, Wendy"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436405", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the current COVID-19 crisis is felt globally, at the local level, COVID-19 has disproportionately affected poor, highly segregated African American communities in Chicago. To understand the emerging pattern of racial inequality in the effects of COVID-19, we examined the relative burden of social vulnerability and health risk factors. We found significant spatial clusters of social vulnerability and risk factors, both of which are significantly associated with the increased COVID-19-related death rate. We also found that a higher percentage of African Americans was associated with increased levels of social vulnerability and risk factors. In addition, the proportion of African American residents has an independent effect on the COVID-19 death rate. We argue that existing inequity is often highlighted in emergency conditions. The disproportionate effects of COVID-19 in African American communities are a reflection of racial inequality and social exclusion that existed before the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32392280, "pmcid": "PMC7239139", "title": "Rapid Implementation of a COVID-19 Remote Patient Monitoring Program.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Annis, Tucker", "Pleasants, Susan", "Hultman, Gretchen", "Lindemann, Elizabeth", "Thompson, Joshua A", "Billecke, Stephanie", "Badlani, Sameer", "Melton, Genevieve B"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392280", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate early lessons from a remote patient monitoring engagement and education technology solution for patients with COVID-19 symptoms. A COVID-19-specific remote patient monitoring solution (GetWell Loop) was offered to patients with COVID-19 symptoms. The program engaged patients and provided educational materials and the opportunity to share concerns. Alerts were resolved through a virtual care workforce of providers and medical students. Between March 18 and April 20, 2020, 2,255 of 3,701 (60.93%) patients with COVID-19 symptoms enrolled resulting in over 2,303 alerts, 4,613 messages, 13 hospital admissions, and 91 emergency room visits. A satisfaction survey was given to 300 patient respondents, 74% of whom would be extremely likely to recommend their doctor. This program provided a safe and satisfying experience for patients while minimizing COVID-19 exposure and in-person healthcare utilization. Remote patient monitoring appears to be an effective approach for managing COVID-19 symptoms at home."}, {"pmid": 32526773, "title": "Impaired Breakdown of Bradykinin and Its Metabolites as a Possible Cause for Pulmonary Edema in COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["de Maat, Steven", "de Mast, Quirijn", "Danser, A H Jan", "van de Veerdonk, Frank L", "Maas, Coen"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526773", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432896, "title": "Respiratory Mechanics and Gas Exchange in COVID-19 Associated Respiratory Failure.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Schenck, Edward J", "Hoffman, Katherine", "Goyal, Parag", "Choi, Justin", "Torres, Lisa", "Rajwani, Kapil", "Tam, Christopher W", "Ivascu, Natalia", "Martinez, Fernando J", "Berlin, David A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432896", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438005, "pmcid": "PMC7211578", "title": "Response to SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in a Non-COVID-19 Designated Latin-American Neurosurgery Department.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Nunez-Velasco, Santiago", "Mercado-Pimentel, Rodrigo", "Ochoa-Plascencia, Miguel", "Rodriguez-Arias, Regina", "Lopez-Espinoza, Gerardo", "Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Maria Elena", "Estrella-Sanchez, Carlos", "Ramirez-Huerta, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438005", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mexico declared the first case of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in February 2020. At the time we write this article, our country is facing a community spread phase, expecting a rapid increase in the number of cases and fatalities. The Fray Antonio Alcalde Civil Hospital of Guadalajara has been declared a non-COVID-19 hospital with the mission of providing care to patients already registered and also those transferred from neurosurgical departments of neighboring centers, which have been converted into COVID-19 only hospitals. An organized response regarding personnel, surgical case selection, operating room behavior, and facility reorganization were designed to prevent an internal coronavirus outbreak in the neurosurgery department at the Fray Antonio Alcalde Civil Hospital of Guadalajara. Distancing actions by the staff and residents, including ward case discussions, neurosurgery rounds, and classes, will be carried out virtually. We classified neurosurgical patients into 4 groups depending on whether their condition demands care in 0-6 hours, 6-48 hours, 48 hours to 14 days, and >14 days. Subsequently, a questionnaire with epidemiologic, radiologic, clinical, and serologic criteria will be applied to determine the risk of COVID-19 infection to define to which area they are going to be transferred according to the different risk zones in our facility. Despite not being a COVID-19 center, we consider all patients at the neurosurgical ward and staff members as asymptomatic carriers or infected in the preclinical period. Specific measures must be taken to ensure the safety and care of neurosurgical patients and medical staff during the community spread phase."}, {"pmid": 32429676, "title": "Controlling the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam: Lessons From a Limited Resource Country.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Duong, Duc Minh", "Le, Vui Thi", "Ha, Bui Thi Thu"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429676", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lessons learned from Vietnam, a country that the world acclaimed for its management of the fight against COVID-19, could stand out as an example of how to do more with less. The Vietnamese government has acted swiftly at the very early stage of the pandemic with a focus on containment efforts and extensive public health measures, particularly (1) the commitment from the government with a multisectoral approach; (2) a timely, accurate, and transparent risk communication; (3) active surveillance and intensive isolation/quarantine operation, case management with tracing all new arrivals and close contact up to 3 clusters; and (4) suspension of flights, shutting schools, and all nonessential services."}, {"pmid": 32504142, "pmcid": "PMC7272594", "title": "Health resort medicine can be a suitable setting to recover disabilities in patients tested negative for COVID-19 discharged from hospital? A challenge for the future.", "journal": "Int J Biometeorol", "authors": ["Masiero, Stefano", "Maccarone, Maria Chiara", "Agostini, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504142", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32084674, "title": "[Detection of 2019-nCoV in the pathological paraffin embedded tissue].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, S P", "Kuang, D", "Hu, Y", "Liu, C", "Duan, Y Q", "Wang, G P"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32084674", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497317, "title": "A snapshot of urgent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy care during the Covid-19 outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["D'Ovidio, Valeria", "Lucidi, Cristina", "Bruno, Giovanni", "Miglioresi, Lucia", "Lisi, Daniele", "Bazuro, Marco Emilio"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497317", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362452, "pmcid": "PMC7184007", "title": "The importance of olfactory and gustatory disorders as early symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Vaira, Luigi Angelo", "Salzano, Giovanni", "De Riu, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362452", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338150, "pmcid": "PMC7241447", "title": "Mathematic modeling of COVID-19 in the United States.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Tang, Yuanji", "Wang, Shixia"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338150", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the worst pandemic in 100 years, has rapidly spread to the entire world in 2 months since its early report in January 2020. Based on the publicly available data sources, we developed a simple mathematic modeling approach to track the outbreaks of COVID-19 in the US and three selected states: New York, Michigan and California. The same approach is applicable to other regions or countries. We hope our work can stimulate more effort in understanding how an outbreak is developing and how big a scope it can be and in what kind of time framework. Such information is critical for outbreak control, resource utilization and re-opening of the normal daily life to citizens in the affected community."}, {"pmid": 32417195, "pmcid": "PMC7227551", "title": "Pandemic Recovery Using a Covid-Minimal Cancer Surgery Pathway.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Boffa, Daniel J", "Judson, Benjamin L", "Billingsley, Kevin G", "Galetta, Domenico", "Fontanez, Paul", "Odermatt, Craig", "Lindner, Kristy", "Mitchell, Marci R", "Henderson, Cara M", "Carafeno, Tracy", "Pinto, Josephine", "Wagner, Jane", "Ancuta, Michael", "Beley, Peggy", "Turner, Anne L", "Banack, Trevor", "Laurans, Maxwell S", "Johnson, Dirk C", "Yoo, Peter", "Morton, John M", "Zurich, Holly", "Davis, Kim", "Ahuja, Nita"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417195", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has created unprecedented disruption in health care delivery around the world. In an effort to prevent hospital-acquired Covid-19 infections, most hospitals have severely curtailed elective surgery, performing only surgeries if the patient's survival or permanent function would be compromised by a delay in surgery. As hospitals emerge from the pandemic, it will be necessary to progressively increase surgical activity at a time when hospitals continue to care for Covid-19 patients. In an attempt to mitigate the risk of nosocomial infection, we have created a patient care pathway designed to minimize risk of exposure of patients coming in to the hospital for scheduled procedures. The \"Covid-minimal surgery pathway\" is a predetermined patient flow, that dictates the locations, personnel and materials that come in contact with our cancer surgery population, designed to minimize risk for virus transmission. We outline the approach that allowed a large academic medical center to create a Covid-minimal cancer surgery pathway within 7 days of initiating discussions. Although the pathway represents a combination of recommended practices, there is not data to support its efficacy. We share the pathway concept and our experience so that others wishing to similarly align staff and resources towards the protection of patients, may have an easier time navigating the process."}, {"pmid": 32407755, "pmcid": "PMC7214319", "title": "A Tale of Two Cities: Insight and Practical Considerations During the Covid Pandemic.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Cestari, Andrea", "White, Wesley M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415300, "title": "Biotech companies prepare for COVID-19 downturn.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Senior, Melanie"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415300", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333753, "pmcid": "PMC7188179", "title": "An Interactive Online Dashboard for Tracking COVID-19 in U.S. Counties, Cities, and States in Real Time.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Wissel, Benjamin D", "Van Camp, P J", "Kouril, Michal", "Weis, Chad", "Glauser, Tracy A", "White, Peter S", "Kohane, Isaac S", "Dexheimer, Judith W"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333753", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To create an online resource that informs the public of COVID-19 outbreaks in their area. This R Shiny application aggregates data from multiple resources that track COVID-19 and visualizes them through an interactive, online dashboard. The web resource, called the COVID-19 Watcher, can be accessed at https://covid19watcher.research.cchmc.org/. It displays COVID-19 data from every county and 188 metropolitan areas in the U.S. Features include rankings of the worst affected areas and auto-generating plots that depict temporal changes in testing capacity, cases, and deaths. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) do not publish COVID-19 data for local municipalities, so it is critical that academic resources fill this void so the public can stay informed. The data used have limitations and likely underestimate the scale of the outbreak. The COVID-19 Watcher can provide the public with real-time updates of outbreaks in their area."}, {"pmid": 32473009, "title": "Age-dependent gender differences of COVID-19 in mainland China: comparative study.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qian, Jie", "Zhao, Lin", "Ye, Run-Ze", "Li, Xiu-Jun", "Liu, Yuan-Li"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473009", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is challenging global public health system. Sex-differences in infectious diseases are a common but neglected problem. We used the national surveillance database of COVID-19 in mainland China to compared gender differences in attack rate (AR), proportion of severe and critical cases (PSCC) and case fatality rate (CFR) in relation to age, affected province, and onset-to-diagnosis interval. The overall AR was significantly higher in female population than in males (63.9 versus 60.5 per million persons; P \u02c2 .001). By contrast, PSCC and CFR were significantly lower among female patients (16.9% and 4.0%) than among males (19.5% and 7.2%), with ORs of 0.87 and 0.57, respectively (both P \u02c2 .001). The female-to-male differences were age-dependent, which were significant among people aged 50-69 years for AR, and in the patients of 30-years or older for both PSCC and CFR (all P \u2264 .001). The AR, PSCC and CFR varied greatly from province to province. However, female-to-male differences in AR, PSCC and CFR were significant in the epicenter, Hubei province, where 82.2% confirmed cases and 97.4% deaths occurred. After adjusting for age, affected province and onset-to-diagnosis interval, the female-to-male difference in AR, PSCC and CFR remained significant in multivariate logistic regression analyses. We elucidate an age-dependent gender dimorphism for COVID-19, in which the females have higher susceptibility but lower severity and fatality. Further epidemiological and biological investigations are required to better understand the sex-specific differences for effective interventions."}, {"pmid": 32463715, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine.", "journal": "J Dent Res", "authors": ["Bescos, R", "Casas-Agustench, P", "Belfield, L", "Brookes, Z", "Gabaldon, T"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463715", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358580, "pmcid": "PMC7194244", "title": "COVID-19: a case for inhibiting IL-17?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Pacha, Omar", "Sallman, Mary Alice", "Evans, Scott E"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358580", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283450, "pmcid": "PMC7146665", "title": "Unprecedented disruption of lives and work: Health, distress and life satisfaction of working adults in China one month into the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Stephen X", "Wang, Yifei", "Rauch, Andreas", "Wei, Feng"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283450", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We assess the health and wellbeing of normal adults living and working after one month of confinement to contain the COVID-19 outbreak in China. On Feb 20-21, 2020, we surveyed 369 adults in 64 cities in China that varied in their rates of confirmed coronavirus cases on their health conditions, distress and life satisfaction. 27% of the participants worked at the office, 38% resorted to working from home, and 25% stopped working due to the outbreak. Those who stopped working reported worse mental and physical health conditions as well as distress. The severity of COVID-19 in an individual's home city predicts their life satisfaction, and this relationship is contingent upon individuals' existing chronic health issues and their hours of exercise. Our evidence supports the need to pay attention to the health of people who were not infected by the virus, especially for people who stopped working during the outbreak. Our results highlight that physically active people might be more susceptible to wellbeing issues during the lockdown. Policymakers who are considering introducing restrictive measures to contain COVID-19 may benefit from understanding such health and wellbeing implications."}, {"pmid": 32366336, "title": "Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction caused by SARS-CoV-2: comparison with cases of infection with influenza and other viruses.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Nakashima, Tsutomu", "Suzuki, Hirokazu", "Teranishi, Masaaki"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366336", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520599, "title": "Povidone-Iodine Use in Sinonasal and Oral Cavities: A Review of Safety in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["Frank, Samantha", "Capriotti, Joseph", "Brown, Seth M", "Tessema, Belachew"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520599", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Approaches to nasal and oral decontamination with povidone-iodine (PVP-I) have been published to reduce nosocomial spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The safety of PVP-I topically applied to the nasal and oral cavity is addressed by a literature review. The specific efficacy of PVP-I against coronaviruses and its potential efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 is discussed. A review was performed utilizing PubMed and Cochrane Databases. All citations in protocols for nasal and oral PVP-I use regarding COVID-19 were independently reviewed. Povidone-iodine has been safely administered for up to 5 months in the nasal cavity and 6 months in the oral cavity. Concentrations less than 2.5% in vitro do not reduce ciliary beat frequency or cause pathological changes in ciliated nasal epithelium, upper respiratory, or mucosal cells. Adverse events with oral use have not been reported in conscious adults or children. Allergy and contact sensitivity is rare. Chronic mucosal use up to 5% has not been shown to result in clinical thyroid disease. PVP-I is rapidly virucidal and inactivates coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Povidone-iodine can safely be used in the nose at concentrations up to 1.25% and in the mouth at concentrations up to 2.5% for up to 5 months. Povidone-iodine rapidly inactivates coronaviruses, including SARS and MERS, when applied for as little as 15 seconds. There is optimism that PVP-I can inactivate SARS-CoV-2, but in vitro efficacy has not yet been demonstrated."}, {"pmid": 32380847, "title": "Cannabis in the Time of Coronavirus Disease 2019: The Yin and Yang of the Endocannabinoid System in Immunocompetence.", "journal": "J Altern Complement Med", "authors": ["Sexton, Michelle"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380847", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Editor's Note:\n                     For those whose response to COVID-19 includes exploring beyond vaccines, conventional pharmaceuticals, and the watchful or healthy waiting until such tools might arrive, interest in cannabinoids has been high - and controversial. It has already stimulated one journal, the Liebert Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, to issue a call for papers on COVID-19. The unique place of cannabis in the culture seems to always mark the herb with an exponential asterisk whenever basketed with the other natural health strategies that are both widely used, and as broadly derided. In this invited commentary, JACM Editorial Board member Michelle Sexton, ND starts by describing the multiple immune modulating effects associated with the herb. The University of California San Diego Assistant Adjunct Professor in Anesthesiology then asks: \"Given these effects, can phytocannabinoids be either helpful, or harmful for immune competency, in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic?\" A skilled edge-walker, Sexton lets the research fall where it may in wending a path through this evidentiary maze. -John Weeks, Editor-in-Chief, JACM."}, {"pmid": 32092392, "pmcid": "PMC7127620", "title": "Analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) from different species sheds some light on cross-species receptor usage of a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Li, Rui", "Qiao, Songlin", "Zhang, Gaiping"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092392", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419693, "title": "COVID-19: The Need for Rational Use of Face Masks in Nigeria.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Ogoina, Dimie"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419693", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Because of the pandemic of COVID-19, the federal government of Nigeria has instituted a mandatory policy requiring everyone going out in public to wear face masks. Unfortunately, the Nigeria media is awash with images of misuse and abuse of face masks by the public, government officials, and healthcare workers. Medical masks are used widely in community settings amid reported scarcity within healthcare facilities. It is observed that some people wear face masks on their chin and neck, and mask wearers give no attention to covering their mouth and nose, especially when talking. Used face masks are kept with personal belongings or disposed indiscriminately in public spaces, leading to self and environmental contamination. Inappropriate use and disposal of face masks in Nigeria could promote the spread of the novel coronavirus in the country and negate the country's efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. In the implementation of the universal masking policy in Nigeria, federal and state governments ought to consider local applicability, feasibility, and sustainability, as well as identify and mitigate all potential risks and unintended consequences. Also critical is the need for intensive public sensitization and education on appropriate use and disposal of face masks in the country."}, {"pmid": 32192586, "pmcid": "PMC7104229", "title": "COVID-19: the need for continuous medical education and training.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Li, Li", "Xv, Qianghong", "Yan, Jing"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192586", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503707, "pmcid": "PMC7151341", "title": "Echocardiography in Pandemic: Front-Line Perspective, Expanding Role of Ultrasound, and Ethics of Resource Allocation.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Drake, Daniel H", "De Bonis, Michele", "Covella, Michele", "Agricola, Eustachio", "Zangrillo, Alberto", "Zimmerman, Karen G", "Cobey, Frederick C"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503707", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The grave clinical context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic must be understood. Italy is immersed in the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the world will soon follow. The United States currently has the most documented cases of COVID-19 of any nation. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated acute cardiomyopathy is common in critical care patients and is associated with a high mortality rate. Patients with COVID-19 frequently require mechanical support for adequate oxygenation. A severe shortfall of ventilators is predicted. Of equal concern is the projected shortage of trained professionals required to care for patients on mechanical ventilation. Ultrasonography is proving to be a valuable tool for identifying the pulmonary manifestations and progression of COVID-19. Lung ultrasound also facilitates successful weaning from mechanical ventilation. Ultrasonography of the lung, pleura, and diaphragm are easily mastered by experienced echocardiographers. Echocardiography has an established role for optimal fluid management and recognition of cardiac disease, including SARS-CoV-2-associated acute cardiomyopathy. Cardiologists, anesthesiologists, sonographers, and all providers should be prepared to commit their full spectrum of skills to mitigate the consequences of the pandemic. We should also be prepared to collaborate and cross-train to expand professional services as necessary. During a declared health care crisis, providers must be familiar with the ethical principles, organizational structure, practical application, and gravity of limited resource allocation."}, {"pmid": 32417744, "pmcid": "PMC7227576", "title": "Monitoring disease transmissibility of 2019 novel coronavirus disease in Zhejiang, China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chong, Ka Chun", "Cheng, Wei", "Zhao, Shi", "Ling, Feng", "Mohammad, Kirran N", "Wang, Maggie Haitian", "Zee, Benny Chung Ying", "Wei, Lei", "Xiong, Xi", "Liu, Hengyan", "Wang, Jingxuan", "Chen, Enfu"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417744", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Owing to the frequent travel connections between Wuhan and Zhejiang, Zhejiang was the third worst-affected province in China with 1,205 cases confirmed before 26 February 2020. The transmissibility of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease was monitored in Zhejiang, accounting for the transmissions from imported cases. Even though Zhejiang was one of the worst-affected provinces, an interruption of disease transmission (i.e. instantaneous reproduction numbers <1) was observed in early/mid-February after a comprehensive set of interventions combating the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32439822, "title": "Pearls and Oy-sters: Facial nerve palsy as a neurological manifestation of Covid-19 infection.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Goh, Yihui", "Beh, Darius L L", "Makmur, Andrew", "Somani, Jyoti", "Chan, Amanda C Y"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439822", "topics": ["NONE", "Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497913, "pmcid": "PMC7252118", "title": "A current review of COVID-19 for the cardiovascular specialist.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Lang, Joshua P", "Wang, Xiaowen", "Moura, Filipe A", "Siddiqi, Hasan K", "Morrow, David A", "Bohula, Erin A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497913", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predominantly disrupts the respiratory system, there is accumulating experience that the disease, particularly in its more severe manifestations, also affects the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular risk factors and chronic cardiovascular conditions are prevalent among patients affected by COVID-19 and associated with adverse outcomes. However, whether pre-existing cardiovascular disease is an independent determinant of higher mortality risk with COVID-19 remains uncertain. Acute cardiac injury, manifest by increased blood levels of cardiac troponin, electrocardiographic abnormalities, or myocardial dysfunction, occurs in up to ~60% of hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. Potential contributors to acute cardiac injury in the setting of COVID-19 include (1) acute changes in myocardial demand and supply due to tachycardia, hypotension, and hypoxemia resulting in type 2 myocardial infarction; (2) acute coronary syndrome due to acute atherothrombosis in a virally induced thrombotic and inflammatory milieu; (3) microvascular dysfunction due to diffuse microthrombi or vascular injury; (4) stress-related cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo syndrome); (5) nonischemic myocardial injury due to a hyperinflammatory cytokine storm; or (6) direct viral cardiomyocyte toxicity and myocarditis. Diffuse thrombosis is emerging as an important contributor to adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Practitioners should be vigilant for cardiovascular complications of COVID-19. Monitoring may include serial cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptides, along with fibrinogen, D-dimer, and inflammatory biomarkers. Management decisions should rely on the clinical assessment for the probability of ongoing myocardial ischemia, as well as alternative nonischemic causes of injury, integrating the level of suspicion for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32468843, "title": "Diabetes Care at the Times of Transition and COVID-19 Pandemics (Ukrainian Experience).", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Mankovsky, Boris"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468843", "countries": ["Ukraine"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518469, "pmcid": "PMC7261361", "title": "Can indoor sports centers be allowed to re-open during the COVID-19 pandemic based on a certificate of equivalence?", "journal": "Build Environ", "authors": ["Blocken, B", "van Druenen, T", "van Hooff, T", "Verstappen, P A", "Marchal, T", "Marr, L C"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518469", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Within a time span of only a few months, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has managed to spread across the world. This virus can spread by close contact, which includes large droplet spray and inhalation of microscopic droplets, and by indirect contact via contaminated objects. While in most countries, supermarkets have remained open, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, authorities have ordered many other shops, restaurants, bars, music theaters and indoor sports centers to be closed. As part of COVID-19 (semi)lock-down exit strategies, many government authorities are now (May-June 2020) allowing a gradual re-opening, where sometimes indoor sport centers are last in line to be permitted to re-open. This technical note discusses the challenges in safely re-opening these facilities and the measures already suggested by others to partly tackle these challenges. It also elaborates three potential additional measures and based on these additional measures, it suggests the concept of a certificate of equivalence that could allow indoor sports centers with such a certificate to re-open safely and more rapidly. It also attempts to stimulate increased preparedness of indoor sports centers that should allow them to remain open safely during potential next waves of SARS-CoV-2 as well as future pandemics. It is concluded that fighting situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic and limiting economic damage requires increased collaboration and research by virologists, epidemiologists, microbiologists, aerosol scientists, building physicists, building services engineers and sports scientists."}, {"pmid": 32405089, "pmcid": "PMC7219366", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on an Emergency Traumatology Service: Experience at a Tertiary Trauma Centre in Spain.", "journal": "Injury", "authors": ["Nunez, Jorge H", "Sallent, Andrea", "Lakhani, Kushal", "Guerra-Farfan, Ernesto", "Vidal, Nuria", "Ekhtiari, Seper", "Minguell, Joan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405089", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": The severe disruptions caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus have necessitated a redistribution of resources to meet hospitals' current service needs during this pandemic. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the impact of the pandemic, and its corresponding State of Emergency, on a tertiary traumatology emergency service. : An observational study was performed at a tertiary hospital within the Spanish National Health System. Four different periods were studied, including the first 20 days of Spain's current State of Emergency, from March 14 to April 02, 2020 (Period 4). This period was compared to the 20-day period prior to the State of Emergency (Period 3), and to matching periods in the two previous years (Periods 1 and 2). A total of 6,565 patient visits were analyzed: 1909 in Period 1 (29.1%), 2161 in Period 2 (32.9%), 1983 in Period 3 (30.2%), and 512 in Period 4 (7.8%). Variables collected included patient age and sex, insurance type, discharge destination and reason for hospital admission. : The patients' mean age was 55.1 years old (Standard Deviation (SD): 22.1), and 51.8% were women (3495/6565). During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were significant reductions in total visits to the trauma emergency department, workplace accidents, traffic accidents and number of hospital admissions, particularly during Period 4. However, no statistically-significant differences were found in the number of osteoporotic hip fractures admitted between the four periods. The numbers of hospital admissions for osteoporotic hip fracture were 42 during Period 1, 41 during Period 2, 43 during Period 3 and 36 during Period 4. : While most traumatological presentations decreased in frequency over the course of the outbreak, the number of osteoporotic hip fractures remained stable. Thus, contingency plans in times of crisis need to be carefully targeted, and to keep in mind certain public health issues that do not decrease, despite a State of Emergency, like osteoporotic hip fractures."}, {"pmid": 32083985, "pmcid": "PMC7233368", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Perspective from China.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Zu, Zi Yue", "Jiang, Meng Di", "Xu, Peng Peng", "Chen, Wen", "Ni, Qian Qian", "Lu, Guang Ming", "Zhang, Long Jiang"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083985", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and spread across China and beyond. On February 12, 2020, WHO officially named the disease caused by the novel coronavirus as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since most COVID-19 infected patients were diagnosed with pneumonia and characteristic CT imaging patterns, radiological examinations have become vital in early diagnosis and assessment of disease course. To date, CT findings have been recommended as major evidence for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in Hubei, China. This review focuses on the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms of COVID-19, while highlighting the role of chest CT in prevention and disease control. A full translation of this article in Chinese is available."}, {"pmid": 32360779, "pmcid": "PMC7252002", "title": "Low rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spread among health-care personnel using ordinary personal protection equipment in a medium-incidence setting.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Durante-Mangoni, E", "Andini, R", "Bertolino, L", "Mele, F", "Bernardo, M", "Grimaldi, M", "Cuomo, N", "Tiberio, C", "Falco, E", "Di Spirito, A", "Raffone, M", "Russo, M G", "Atripaldi, L", "Zampino, R"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360779", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526058, "title": "Response to 'all these D-dimers in COVID-19'.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Zhang, Litao"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526058", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the letter from Dr Thachil[1], who provided an interesting physiological explanation for coagulation-fibrinolysis balance shifts of the Broncho-alveolar haemostasis during COVID-19 infection, and speculated that the extravascular fibrinolysis would be a source of elevated D-dimers."}, {"pmid": 32279064, "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and the Gastrointestinal System in Children.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Matthai, John", "Shanmugam, Naresh", "Sobhan, Prasanth"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279064", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), though primarily a respiratory pathogen, also involves the gastrointestinal tract. Similar to the respiratory mucosa, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor and transmembrane serine protease 2 TMPRSS2) co-express in the gastrointestinal tract, which facilitates viral entry into the tissue. Less than 10% of children with infection develop diarrhea and vomiting. Prolonged RT PCR positivity in the stool has raised the possibility of feco-oral transmission. Elevated transaminases are common, especially in those with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID -19) disease. Children with inflammatory bowel disease and post liver transplant patients do not have an increased risk of disease, and should remain on medications they are already on. Children with chronic liver disease should continue their medications as usual. All elective procedures like endoscopy should be postponed."}, {"pmid": 32472763, "title": "Comparative analysis of Coronaviridae nucleocapsid and surface glycoprotein sequences.", "journal": "Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)", "authors": ["Basu, Babu V", "Brown, Olen R"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472763", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analyzed\u00a0the nucleocapsid and surface proteins from several\u00a0Coronaviridae viruses using an alignment-free computer program. Three isolates of novel, human coronavirus (SARS0CoV-2) (2019) that are responsible for the current pandemic and older SARS strains of human and animal coronaviruses were examined. The nucleocapsid and glycoprotein sequences are identical for the three novel 2019 human isolates and they are closely related to these sequences in six bat and human SARS coronaviruses. This strongly supports the bat origin of the pandemic, novel coronavirus. One surface glycoprotein fragment of 111 amino acids is the largest, conserved,\u00a0common permutation in the examined bat SARS-like and human SARS viruses, including the Covid-19 virus. BLAST analysis confirmed that this fragment is conserved only in the human and bat SARS strains. This fragment likely is involved in infectivity and is of interest for vaccine development. Surface glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein sequence homologies of 58.9% and 82.5%, respectively, between the novel SARS0CoV-2 strains and the human SARS (2018) virus suggest that existing anti-SARS vaccines may provide some protection against the novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32142399, "pmcid": "PMC7233403", "title": "FDG PET/CT of COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Zou, Sijuan", "Zhu, Xiaohua"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142399", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479893, "pmcid": "PMC7258829", "title": "Ivermectin: repurposing a multipurpose drug for Venezuela's humanitarian crisis.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Perez-Garcia, Luis A", "Mejias-Carpio, Isis E", "Delgado-Noguera, Lourdes A", "Manzanarez-Motezuma, Jean P", "Escalona-Rodriguez, Maria A", "Sordillo, Emilia M", "Mogollon-Rodriguez, Euler A", "Hernandez-Pereira, Carlos E", "Marquez-Colmenarez, Marilianna C", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto E"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479893", "countries": ["Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For decades, Ivermectin (IVM) has been recognized as a robust antiparasitic drug with excellent tolerance and safety profiles. Historically it has been used as the drug of choice for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis global elimination programs. IVM is also a standard treatment against intestinal helminths and ectoparasites given its action as an oral insecticide. The current humanitarian crisis in Venezuela is a regional public health threat that requires immediate action. Venezuela's public health system has now crumbled due to a 70% shortage of medicines in public hospitals, low vaccination campaigns, and the massive exodus of medical personnel. Herein we discuss the repurposing of IVM to attenuate the burden imposed by the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Venezuela including soil-transmitted helminths, ectoparasites and, possibly, vector-borne diseases such as malaria. Additionally, novel experimental evidence has shown that IVM is active and efficacious against Chagas disease, Leishmaniases, arboviruses, and SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. In crisis-hit Venezuela, all of the aforementioned infectious diseases are public health emergencies that have been long ignored and that also require immediate attention. IVM's versatile nature could serve as a powerful tool to tackle the multiple overlapping endemic and emergent diseases that affect Venezuela today. The repurposing of this multipurpose drug would be without a doubt a timely therapeutical approach to help mitigate the tremendous burden of NTDs nationwide."}, {"pmid": 32289175, "pmcid": "PMC7262354", "title": "Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Khoo, Erwin J", "Lantos, John D"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329388, "title": "Positive RT-PCR test results after consecutively negative results in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Liang, Chao", "Cao, JiaTian", "Liu, Zilong", "Ge, Feng", "Cang, Jing", "Miao, Changhong", "Luo, JianFei"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329388", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433259, "title": "Why COVID-19 virus is so deadly to cancer patients?", "journal": "Eur J Cancer Prev", "authors": ["Yan, Sirui", "Zhang, Ying", "Liu, Qiuyun"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433259", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489645, "pmcid": "PMC7238818", "title": "Letter to the Editor regarding \"Could pulmonary arterial hypertension patients be at lower risk from severe COVID-19?\"", "journal": "Pulm Circ", "authors": ["Fernandes, Timothy M", "Papamatheakis, Demosthenes G", "Poch, David S", "Kim, Nick H"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489645", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32051570, "pmcid": "PMC7097671", "title": "Novel coronavirus takes flight from bats?", "journal": "Nat Rev Microbiol", "authors": ["York, Ashley"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32051570", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426755, "pmcid": "PMC7188415", "title": "Clinical Distancing and Mitigation of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Scott, Benjamin K", "Hravnak, Marilyn", "Pamplin, Jeremy C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social distancing as a technique to limit transmission of infectious disease has come into common parlance following the arrival and rapid spread of a novel coronavirus disease around the world in 2019 and 2020. But in the face of an emerging pandemic threat, it is crucial that we start to apply these principles to the clinic, the emergency department, and the hospital ward. We propose that this dynamic situation calls for a parallel \"Clinical Distancing\" in which we as a medical culture go against many of our fundamental instincts and, at least in the short term, begin to reduce unnecessary patient-care contacts for the benefit of our patients and our ability to continue to provide care to those who need it most. In this commentary, we provide specific recommendations for the rapid implementation of clinical distancing techniques."}, {"pmid": 32394335, "pmcid": "PMC7212834", "title": "Corticosteroids for critically ill COVID-19 patients with cytokine release syndrome: a limited case series.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Yang, Stephen Su", "Lipes, Jed"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394335", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389667, "pmcid": "PMC7205652", "title": "Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Manifestations of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease in a Large Cohort of Infected Patients From New York: Clinical Implications.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Hajifathalian, Kaveh", "Krisko, Tibor", "Mehta, Amit", "Kumar, Sonal", "Schwartz, Robert", "Fortune, Brett", "Sharaiha, Reem"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389667", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302212, "title": "COVID-19 Associated Hepatitis Complicating Recent Living Donor Liver Transplantation.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Lagana, Stephen M", "De Michele, Simona", "Lee, Michael J", "Emond, Jean C", "Griesemer, Adam D", "Tulin-Silver, Sheryl A", "Verna, Elizabeth C", "Martinez, Mercedes", "Lefkowitch, Jay H"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302212", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a case of COVID-19 hepatitis in a living donor liver allograft recipient whose donor subsequently tested positive for COVID-19. The patient is a female infant with biliary atresia (failed Kasai procedure). She recovered well, with improving liver function tests for 4 days. On post-operative day (POD) 4 the patient developed respiratory distress and fever. COVID-19 testing (polymerase chain reaction) was positive. Liver function tests increased approximately 5-fold. Liver biopsy showed moderate acute hepatitis with prominent clusters of apoptotic hepatocytes and associated cellular debris. Lobular lymphohistiocytic inflammation was noted. Typical portal features of mild to moderate acute cellular rejection were also noted."}, {"pmid": 32433784, "title": "High-fluorescent lymphocytes are increased in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Wang, Zhao", "He, Yu", "Shu, Huaqing", "Wang, Ping", "Xing, Hui", "Zeng, Xiaoqian", "Tang, Zhaoming"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433784", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220865, "title": "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Little, Paul"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220865", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533891, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in the semen: where does it come from?", "journal": "Andrology", "authors": ["Massarotti, Claudia", "Garolla, Andrea", "Maccarini, Elena", "Scaruffi, Paola", "Stigliani, Sara", "Anserini, Paola", "Foresta, Carlo"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533891", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent report by Li et al., described the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen samples of six patients, including two subjects who were recovering from the clinical disease. This finding re-opened the discussion on possible male genital tract infection, virus shedding in semen, sexual transmission and safety of fertility treatments during the pandemic period [1]. As stated by the Authors themselves, the small sample size and short follow up dictate caution in the interpretation of their results."}, {"pmid": 32530411, "title": "Pulmonary Embolism in Covid-19. Coagulation Parameters, Close Monitoring to Prevent?", "journal": "Turk Thorac J", "authors": ["Annunziata, Anna", "Imitazione, Pasquale", "Polistina, Giorgio Emanuele", "Lanza, Maurizia", "Coppola, Antonietta", "Fiorentino, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530411", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388947, "title": "[Analysis of the first cluster of cases in a family of COVID-19 in Gansu Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Bai, S L", "Wang, J Y", "Zhou, Y Q", "Yu, D S", "Gao, X M", "Li, L L", "Yang, F"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388947", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemiological history and clinical characteristics of 7 cases of COVID-19 and 1 case of close contact in the first family aggregation epidemic of COVID-19 in Gansu Province were analyzed. The first patient A developed on January 22, 2020, with a history of residence in Wuhan, and confirmed severe cases of NCP on January 24, 2020; patient B, on January 23, 2020, diagnosed on January 31, severe cases; patient C, asymptomatic, diagnosed on January 27; patient D, asymptomatic, diagnosed on January 27; patient E, on January 24, diagnosed on January 28; patient F, asymptomatic, diagnosed on January 31; Patient G was asymptomatic and was diagnosed on January 31. In close contact, H was asymptomatic, PCR test was negative and asymptomatic, and he was discharged early. Among the 7 patients, 1 case died of (B) aggravation, and the other patients' condition was effectively controlled after active treatment. Except for the discharged cases, 5 cases were positive for COVID-19 specific IgM antibody and 1 case was negative. In this clustering outbreak, 4 patients remained asymptomatic, but PCR and IgM antibodies were positive, indicating that asymptomatic patients may be the key point to control the epidemic. Specific IgM antibody screening for patients whose pharyngeal swab nucleic acid test is negative but with ground glass-like lung lesions is very important for early detection and early isolation."}, {"pmid": 32288506, "pmcid": "PMC7140250", "title": "ICER's timelines for assessments extended due to COVID-19.", "journal": "PharmacoEcon Outcomes News", "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288506", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527911, "title": "Rates relief campaign continues.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527911", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BVA is continuing to push hard for veterinary practices to be granted access to further financial support for businesses affected by Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32387330, "pmcid": "PMC7202817", "title": "Timely glucose monitoring-related potential risk of occupational exposure during the pandemic of COVID-19: A diabetologist's perspective.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Wei, Xiaowei", "Zhao, Weibo", "Wang, Aihong", "Xu, Zhangrong"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387330", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384135, "pmcid": "PMC7249504", "title": "Sex and Gender Differences in Health: What the COVID-19 Pandemic Can Teach Us.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Spagnolo, Primavera A", "Manson, JoAnn E", "Joffe, Hadine"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384135", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326993, "pmcid": "PMC7235298", "title": "Effect of COVID-19 on the mental health care of older people in Canada.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Flint, Alastair J", "Bingham, Kathleen S", "Iaboni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326993", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456750, "title": "Hospital infection and COVID-19: Do not put all your eggs on the \"swab\" tests.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chirico, Francesco", "Nucera, Gabriella", "Magnavita, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456750", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362969, "pmcid": "PMC7188368", "title": "COVID-19, Modern Pandemic: A Systematic Review From Front-Line Health Care Providers' Perspective.", "journal": "J Clin Med Res", "authors": ["Balla, Mamtha", "Merugu, Ganesh Prasad", "Patel, Mitra", "Koduri, Narayana Murty", "Gayam, Vijay", "Adapa, Sreedhar", "Naramala, Srikanth", "Konala, Venu Madhav"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362969", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused infection in 168,000 cases worldwide in about 148 countries and killed more than 6,610 people around the world as of March 16, 2020, as per the World Health Organization (WHO). Compared to severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome, there is the rapid transmission, long incubation period, and disease containment is becoming extremely difficult. The main aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive clinical summary of all the available data from high-quality research articles relevant to the epidemiology, demographics, trends in hospitalization and outcomes, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment methods of COVID-19, thus increasing awareness in health care providers. We also discussed various preventive measures to combat COVID-19 effectively. A systematic and protocol-driven approach is needed to contain this disease, which was declared as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the WHO."}, {"pmid": 32224344, "pmcid": "PMC7139244", "title": "Screening for Chinese medical staff mental health by SDS and SAS during the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Psychosom Res", "authors": ["Liang, Yingjian", "Chen, Meizhu", "Zheng, Xiaobin", "Liu, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224344", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321063, "pmcid": "PMC7236153", "title": "Reflections about the impact of the SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 pandemic on mental health.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Santos, Catia Fernandes"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321063", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396977, "title": "What is the value of nursing knowledge in a time of crisis?", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["McCormack, Brendan"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396977", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433216, "title": "Serum Hydrogen Sulfide and Outcome Association in Pneumonia by the SARS-CoV-2 Corona virus.", "journal": "Shock", "authors": ["Renieris, Georgios", "Katrini, Konstantina", "Damoulari, Christina", "Akinosoglou, Karolina", "Psarrakis, Christos", "Kyriakopoulou, Magdalini", "Dimopoulos, George", "Lada, Malvina", "Koufargyris, Panagiotis", "Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433216", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pneumonia of COVID-19 illness has often a subtle initial presentation making mandatory the use of biomarkers for evaluation of severity and prediction of final patient disposition. We evaluated the use of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) for the outcome of COVID-19 pneumonia. We studied 74 patients with COVID-19. Clinical data were collected, and survival predictors were calculated. Blood was collected within 24\u200ahours after admission (day 1) and on day 7. H2S was measured in sera by monobromobimane derivation (MBB) followed by high performance liquid chromatography and correlated to other markers like procalcitonin (PCT) and C- reactive protein (CRP). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1) and interleukin (IL)-6 were also measured in serum. Survivors had significantly higher H2S levels on day 1 and 7 after admission. A cut-off point of 150.44\u200a\u03bcM could discriminate survivors from non-survivors with 80% sensitivity, 73.4% specificity and negative predictive value 95.9%. Mortality after 28 days was 32% with admission levels lower or equal to 150.44\u200a\u03bc\u039c and 4.1% with levels above 150.44\u200a\u03bc\u039c (p: 0.0008). Mortality was significantly greater among patients with a decrease of H2S levels from day 1 to day 7 greater or equal to 36% (p: 0.0005). Serum H2S on day 1 was negatively correlated with IL- 6 and CRP and positively correlated with the absolute lymphocyte count in peripheral blood. It is concluded that H2S is a potential marker for severity and final outcome of pneumonia by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Its correlation with IL- 6 suggests anti-inflammatory properties."}, {"pmid": 32380219, "pmcid": "PMC7198162", "title": "Chilblains are a common cutaneous finding during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective nationwide study from France.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["de Masson, Adele", "Bouaziz, Jean-David", "Sulimovic, Luc", "Cassius, Charles", "Jachiet, Marie", "Ionescu, Marius-Anton", "Rybojad, Michel", "Bagot, Martine", "Duong, Tu-Anh"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380219", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345000, "title": "Urgent appeal to minimize community health impacts of COVID-19.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345000", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202824, "title": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak: Amplification of public health consequences by media exposure.", "journal": "Health Psychol", "authors": ["Garfin, Dana Rose", "Silver, Roxane Cohen", "Holman, E Alison"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202824", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) has led to a serious outbreak of often severe respiratory disease, which originated in China and has quickly become a global pandemic, with far-reaching consequences that are unprecedented in the modern era. As public health officials seek to contain the virus and mitigate the deleterious effects on worldwide population health, a related threat has emerged: global media exposure to the crisis. We review research suggesting that repeated media exposure to community crisis can lead to increased anxiety, heightened stress responses that can lead to downstream effects on health, and misplaced health-protective and help-seeking behaviors that can overburden health care facilities and tax available resources. We draw from work on previous public health crises (i.e., Ebola and H1N1 outbreaks) and other collective trauma (e.g., terrorist attacks) where media coverage of events had unintended consequences for those at relatively low risk for direct exposure, leading to potentially severe public health repercussions. We conclude with recommendations for individuals, researchers, and public health officials with respect to receiving and providing effective communications during a public health crisis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32332922, "pmcid": "PMC7187150", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection of kidney organoids prevented with soluble human ACE2.", "journal": "Nat Rev Nephrol", "authors": ["Allison, Susan J"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332922", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479856, "pmcid": "PMC7258854", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 entry in host cells-multiple targets for treatment and prevention.", "journal": "Biochimie", "authors": ["Mahmoud, Ismail Sami", "Jarrar, Yazun Bashir", "Alshaer, Walhan", "Ismail, Said"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479856", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new viral disease that has gained global attention owing to its ability to provoke community and health-care-associated outbreaks of severe infections in human populations. The virus poses serious challenges to clinical management because there are still no approved anti- SARS-CoV-2 drugs available. In this mini-review, we summarize the much updated published reports that demonstrate the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, and discuss the availability and development of attractive host-based therapeutic options for SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32321116, "pmcid": "PMC7153362", "title": "COVID-19 Diagnostic and Management Protocol for Pediatric Patients.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Carlotti, Ana Paula de Carvalho Panzeri", "Carvalho, Werther Brunow de", "Johnston, Cintia", "Rodriguez, Isadora Souza", "Delgado, Artur Figueiredo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321116", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review aims to verify the main epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory-related, and therapeutic aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill pediatric patients. An extensive review of the medical literature on COVID-19 was performed, mainly focusing on the critical care of pediatric patients, considering expert opinions and recent reports related to this new disease. Experts from a large Brazilian public university analyzed all recently published material to produce a report aiming to standardize the care of critically ill children and adolescents. The report emphasizes on the clinical presentations of the disease and ventilatory support in pediatric patients with COVID-19. It establishes a flowchart to guide health practitioners on triaging critical cases. COVID-19 is essentially an unknown clinical condition for the majority of pediatric intensive care professionals. Guidelines developed by experts can help all practitioners standardize their attitudes and improve the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32317257, "title": "Saliva as a non-invasive specimen for detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Williams, Eloise", "Bond, Katherine", "Zhang, Bowen", "Putland, Mark", "Williamson, Deborah A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317257", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diagnostic testing for COVID-19 is central to controlling the global pandemic. \u2026."}, {"pmid": 32390258, "pmcid": "PMC7261978", "title": "Recommendations for treatment of nail lichen planus during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Ricardo, Jose W", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390258", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363223, "pmcid": "PMC7195040", "title": "Genomics functional analysis and drug screening of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Genes Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Long", "Zhong, Li"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363223", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus appeared in Wuhan, China has led to major outbreaks. Recently, rapid classification of virus species, analysis of genome and screening for effective drugs are the most important tasks. In the present study, through literature review, sequence alignment, ORF identification, motif recognition, secondary and tertiary structure prediction, the whole genome of SARS-CoV-2 were comprehensively analyzed. To find effective drugs, the parameters of binding sites were calculated by SeeSAR. In addition, potential miRNAs were predicted according to RNA base-pairing. After prediction by using NCBI, WebMGA and GeneMark and comparison, a total of 8 credible ORFs were detected. Even the whole genome have great difference with other CoVs, each ORF has high homology with SARS-CoVs (>90%). Furthermore, domain composition in each ORFs was also similar to SARS. In the DrugBank database, only 7 potential drugs were screened based on the sequence search module. Further predicted binding sites between drug and ORFs revealed that 2-(N-Morpholino)-ethanesulfonic acid could bind 1# ORF in 4 different regions ideally. Meanwhile, both benzyl (2-oxopropyl) carbamate and 4-(dimehylamina) benzoic acid have bene demonstrated to inhibit SARS-CoV infection effectively. Interestingly, 2 miRNAs (miR-1307-3p and miR-3613-5p) were predicted to prevent virus replication via targeting 3'-UTR of the genome or as biomarkers. In conclusion, the novel coronavirus may have consanguinity with SARS. Drugs used to treat SARS may also be effective against the novel virus. In addition, altering miRNA expression may become a potential therapeutic schedule."}, {"pmid": 32352080, "pmcid": "PMC7189189", "title": "Does vitamin D status impact mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Marik, Paul E", "Kory, Pierre", "Varon, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352080", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412848, "title": "A Case of COVID-19 and Pneumocystis jirovecii Co-infection.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Menon, Aravind A", "Berg, David D", "Brea, Elliot J", "Deutsch, Aaron J", "Kidia, Khameer K", "Thurber, Emilia G", "Polsky, Sylvie B", "Yeh, Tiffany", "Duskin, Jonathan A", "Holliday, Alison M", "Gay, Elizabeth B", "Fredenburgh, Laura E"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412848", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525292, "title": "Natura non facit saltus: a phase 2 proposal to manage brain tumors cases from the neuro-oncology section of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery (SINch(R)).", "journal": "J Neurosurg Sci", "authors": ["Angileri, Filippo F", "Sabatino, Giovanni", "Cavallo, Luigi M", "Pessina, Federico", "Ius, Tamara", "De Divitiis, Oreste", "Esposito, Felice", "Grimod, Gianluca", "Raffa, Giovanni", "Spena, Giannantonio", "Cardali, Salvatore", "Esposito, Vincenzo", "Germano, Antonino", "Maiuri, Francesco", "Fontanella, Marco", "Cenzato, Marco"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525292", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic has fast spread throughout the world in more than 200 countries, resulting in the need for a de-prioritization of elective medical care to face the demands of the global health crisis. Although the acute and catastrophic phase of the pandemic seems to have been left behind, it is also clear that the virus will not disappear soon, and we must live with it for a period of unpredictable length, the COVID-19 era. In this setting, a common coordinated approach to treat patients harboring brain tumors is urgently required to guarantee the best updated oncological care and to reduce the risk of viral infection during hospitalization. The study group on Neuro-oncology of Italian Society of Neurosurgery, SINCh gathered pieces of evidence and data and would like to suggest a practice protocol of care for neurosurgical oncologic procedures in the COVID-19 era. The present document is aimed at summarizing current evidence and expert opinions to help neurosurgeons in taking decisions on their patients harboring different brain tumors."}, {"pmid": 32283142, "pmcid": "PMC7194510", "title": "Social media WeChat infers the development trend of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Lu, Yue", "Zhang, Leiliang"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283142", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503838, "title": "Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Glucose Control: Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data From People With Diabetes on Intensive Insulin Therapy.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Maddaloni, Ernesto", "Coraggio, Lucia", "Pieralice, Silvia", "Carlone, Angela", "Pozzilli, Paolo", "Buzzetti, Raffaella"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503838", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427514, "title": "A Wish and a Worry: From a Doctor in Palliative Medicine to the Families of Those Dying from COVID-19.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Taylor, Amy Grace Stephanie"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427514", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32248145, "pmcid": "PMC7159057", "title": "Urban Intelligence for Pandemic Response: Viewpoint.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Lai, Yuan", "Yeung, Wesley", "Celi, Leo Anthony"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248145", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous epidemic management research proves the importance of city-level information, but also highlights limited expertise in urban data applications during a pandemic outbreak. In this paper, we provide an overview of city-level information, in combination with analytical and operational capacity, that define urban intelligence for supporting response to disease outbreaks. We present five components (movement, facilities, people, information, and engagement) that have been previously investigated but remain siloed to successfully orchestrate an integrated pandemic response. Reflecting on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak that was first identified in Wuhan, China, we discuss the opportunities, technical challenges, and foreseeable controversies for deploying urban intelligence during a pandemic. Finally, we emphasize the urgency of building urban intelligence through cross-disciplinary research and collaborative practice on a global scale."}, {"pmid": 32242646, "title": "Consensus statement on the use of clozapine during the COVID-19 pandemic", "journal": "J Psychiatry Neurosci", "authors": ["Siskind, Dan", "Honer, William G.", "Clark, Scott", "Correll, Christoph U.", "Hasan, Alkomiet", "Howes, Oliver", "Kane, John M.", "Kelly, Deanna L.", "Laitman, Robert", "Lee, Jimmy", "MacCabe, James H.", "Myles, Nick", "Nielsen, Jimmi", "Schulte, Peter F.", "Taylor, David", "Verdoux, Helene", "Wheeler, Amanda", "Freudenreich, Oliver"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242646", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422198, "pmcid": "PMC7228738", "title": "Importance of precise data on SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics control.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rybniker, Jan", "Fatkenheuer, Gerd"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422198", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377469, "pmcid": "PMC7198072", "title": "Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Disguise.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Zhang, Qian", "Douglas, Annyella", "Abideen, Zain U", "Khanal, Shristi", "Tzarnas, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377469", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic is currently one of the most influential topics as it not only impacts the field of medicine but most importantly, it affects the lives of many individuals throughout the world. We report an interesting 2019-nCoV case in a tertiary community hospital with the initial concern of acute pyelonephritis without respiratory symptoms that ultimately led to the quarantine of a number of healthcare providers. This case emphasizes the importance of radiological evidence in diagnosing 2019-nCoV in the setting of an initial atypical presentation. It also serves as an example of how healthcare providers may need to increase their suspicion for COVID-19 to ensure self-protection and prompt diagnosis in the era of an ongoing pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32350734, "pmcid": "PMC7189174", "title": "Hernia in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Hernia", "authors": ["Campanelli, G"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350734", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439197, "pmcid": "PMC7187881", "title": "COVID-19 and Multiorgan Response.", "journal": "Curr Probl Cardiol", "authors": ["Zaim, Sevim", "Chong, Jun Heng", "Sankaranarayanan, Vissagan", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439197", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak and rapid spread of COVID-19 starting late December 2019, it has been apparent that disease prognosis has largely been influenced by multiorgan involvement. Comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases have been the most common risk factors for severity and mortality. The hyperinflammatory response of the body, coupled with the plausible direct effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome on body-wide organs via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, has been associated with complications of the disease. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, heart failure, renal failure, liver damage, shock, and multiorgan failure have precipitated death. Acknowledging the comorbidities and potential organ injuries throughout the course of COVID-19 is therefore crucial in the clinical management of patients. This paper aims to add onto the ever-emerging landscape of medical knowledge on COVID-19, encapsulating its multiorgan impact."}, {"pmid": 32475257, "title": "Emergency Flexibility for States to Increase and Maintain Medicaid Eligibility for LTSS under COVID-19.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Blewett, Lynn A", "Hest, Robert"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475257", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medicaid provides essential coverage for health care and long-term services and supports (LTSS) to low-income older adults and disabled individuals but eligibility is complicated and restrictive. In light of the current public health emergency, states have been given new authority to streamline and increase the flexibility of Medicaid LTSS eligibility, helping them enroll eligible individuals and ensure that current beneficiaries are not inadvertently disenrolled. Though state budgets are under increased pressure during the economic crisis created by the coronavirus, we caution states against cutting Medicaid LTSS eligibility or services to balance their budgets. These services are critical to an especially vulnerable population during a global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32310816, "pmcid": "PMC7238083", "title": "The Impact of Video-Mediated Communication on Closed Wound Assessments in Postoperative Consultations: Conversation Analytical Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Stommel, Wyke J P", "van Goor, Harry", "Stommel, Martijn W J"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310816", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Research on the use of video-mediated technology for medical consultations is increasing rapidly. Most research in this area is based on questionnaires and focuses on long-term conditions. The few studies that have focused on physical examinations in video consultations indicated that it poses challenges for the participants. The specific activity of wound assessment through video in postsurgery consultations has not yet been studied. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of face-to-face and video settings on the moment-to-moment organization of such an activity is original. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of video technology on the procedure of postsurgery wound assessment and its limits. We recorded 22 postoperative video consultations and 17 postoperative face-to-face consultations. The primary purpose of the consultation was to inform the patient about the final pathology results of the resected specimen, and the secondary purpose was to check on the patient's recovery, including an assessment of the closed wound. The recordings were transcribed in detail and analyzed using methods of conversation analysis. The way that an assessment of the wound is established in video consultations differs from the procedure in face-to-face consultations. In the consultation room, wound assessments overwhelmingly (n=15/17) involve wound showings in the context of surgeons reporting their observations formatted with evidentials (\"looks neat\") and subsequently assessing what these observations imply or what could be concluded from them. In contrast, wound assessments in video consultations do not tend to involve showing the wound (n=3/22) and, given the technological restrictions, do not involve palpation. Rather, the surgeon invites the patient to assess the wound, which opens up a sequence of patient and physician assessments where diagnostic criteria such as redness or swollenness are made explicit. In contrast to observations in regular consultations, these assessments are characterized by epistemic markers of uncertainty (\"I think,\" \"sounds...good\") and evidentials are absent. Even in cases of a potential wound problem, the surgeon may rely on questioning the patient rather than requesting a showing. The impact of video technology on postoperative consultations is that a conclusive wound assessment is arrived at in a different way when compared to face-to-face consultations. In video consultations, physicians enquire and patients provide their own observations, which serve as the basis for the assessment. This means that, in video consultations, patients have a fundamentally different role. These talking-based assessments are effective unless, in cases of a potential problem, patient answers seem insufficient and a showing might be beneficial."}, {"pmid": 32505070, "title": "Nebulized Lidocaine in COVID-19, An Hypothesis.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Ali, Ziad A", "El-Mallakh, Rif S"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505070", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Diseases-2019 (COVID-19) has caused a large global outbreak and has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). It has been proposed that COVID-19-related hyperinflammation and dysregulated immune response might play a critical role in developing a cytokine storm which usually progresses to a life-threatening acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome in infected individuals. Lidocaine, a local analgesic and anti-arrhythmic, is known for its anti-inflammatory actions and has been used to reduce cough and improve respiratory symptoms in severe asthmatic patients. It has a demonstrated safety profile. It is proposed that nebulized lidocaine might be beneficial in reducing cytokines, protecting patients' lungs and improving outcomes in COVID-19 patients when administered via inhalation as an adjunctive treatment for severe respiratory symptoms in patients fighting the novel Coronavirus. Additional investigation is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32423608, "pmcid": "PMC7211660", "title": "\"MoRPHEE\" fighting COVID-19.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Boutonnet, Mathieu", "Turc, Jean", "Dupre, Henri-Louis", "Paris, Raphael", "Muller, Violaine"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423608", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336584, "pmcid": "PMC7156943", "title": "Preserving mental health and resilience in frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Santarone, Kristen", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336584", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474977, "title": "Information and Disinformation: Social Media in the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Gottlieb, Michael", "Dyer, Sean"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474977", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic with over 4.7 million cases and 316,000 deaths worldwide.1 Social media, defined as \"electronic communication through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content,\"2 has played an important role during the COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, social media usage amongst the public has previously been demonstrated to significantly increase in cases of natural disasters and crises.3 However, it is important to consider the benefits and limitations of this medium."}, {"pmid": 32455442, "title": "Recommendations of the Thoracic Imaging Section of the German Radiological Society for clinical application of chest imaging and structured CT reporting in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rofo", "authors": ["Vogel-Claussen, Jens", "Ley-Zaporozhan, Julia", "Agarwal, Prerana", "Biederer, Jurgen", "Kauczor, Hans-Ulrich", "Ley, Sebastian", "Kuhl, Hilmar", "Mueller-Lisse, Ullrich G", "Persigehl, Thorsten", "Schlett, Christopher L", "Wormanns, Dag", "Antoch, Gerald", "Hamer, Okka W"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455442", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This information provided by the Thoracic Imaging Section of the German Radiological Society is intended to give physicians recommendations on the use of thoracic imaging procedures in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. It represents the consensus of the authors based on the previous scientific knowledge and is intended to provide guidance for unified, structured CT reporting if COVID-19 pneumonia is suspected. The recommendations presented correspond to state of knowledge at the time of print and will be updated according to the results of ongoing and future scientific studies. KEY POINTS:: \u00b7 COVID-19. \u00b7 chest imaging. \u00b7 German Radiological Society. CITATION FORMAT: \u00b7 Vogel-Claussen J, Ley-Zaporozhan J, Agarwal P et\u200aal. Recommendations of the Thoracic Imaging Section of the\u00a0German Radiological Society for clinical application of\u00a0chest imaging and structured CT reporting in the COVID-19 pandemic. Fortschr R\u00f6ntgenstr 2020; DOI: 10.1055/a-1174-8378."}, {"pmid": 32512242, "title": "COVID 19-Depression and Neurosurgeons.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Sharif, Salman", "Amin, Faridah", "Hafiz, Mehak", "Benzel, Edward", "Peev, Nikolay Angelov", "Dahlan, Rully Hanafi", "Enchev, Yavor", "Pereira, Paulo", "Vaishya, Sandeep"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512242", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437598, "title": "The COPD Foundation Coronavirus Disease 2019 International Medical Experts Survey: Results.", "journal": "Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis", "authors": ["Tal-Singer, Ruth", "Yawn, Barbara P", "Wise, Robert", "Thomashow, Byron M", "Boyce, Danielle M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437598", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501315, "pmcid": "PMC7253990", "title": "Au-decorated BN nanotube as a breathalyzer for potential medical applications.", "journal": "J Mol Liq", "authors": ["Ge, Chenjiao", "Li, Mingli", "Li, Mingxuan", "Peyghan, Ali Ahmadi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501315", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory viral infections such as coronavirus (COVID-19) will cause a great mortality, especially in people who underly lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary and asthma. Very recently, the COVID-19 outbreak has exposed the lack of quick approaches for screening people who may have risen risk of pathogen contact. One proposed non-invasive potential approach to recognize the viral infection is analysis of exhaled gases. It has been indicated that the nitric oxide is one of most important biomarkers which might be emanated by respiratory epithelial cells. Using density functional theory calculations, here, we introduced a novel Au-decorated BN nanotube-based breathalyzer for probable recognition of NO gas released from the respiratory epithelial cells in the presence of interfering CO2 and H2O gases. This breathalyzer benefits from different advantages including high sensitivity (sensing response\u202f=\u202f101.5), high selectivity, portability, short recovery time (1.8\u202f\u03bcs at 298\u202fK), and low cost."}, {"pmid": 32278619, "pmcid": "PMC7131203", "title": "The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in pregnancy: What we need to know.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Saccone, Gabriele", "Carbone, Floriana Ilma", "Zullo, Fulvio"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293715, "pmcid": "PMC7262310", "title": "Global guidance for surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293715", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Surgeons urgently need guidance on how to deliver surgical services safely and effectively during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim was to identify the key domains that should be considered when developing pandemic preparedness plans for surgical services. A scoping search was conducted to identify published articles relating to management of surgical patients during pandemics. Key informant interviews were conducted with surgeons and anaesthetists with direct experience of working during infectious disease outbreaks, in order to identify key challenges and solutions to delivering effective surgical services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thirteen articles were identified from the scoping search, and surgeons and anaesthetists representing 11 territories were interviewed. To mount an effective response to COVID-19, a pandemic response plan for surgical services should be developed in advance. Key domains that should be included are: provision of staff training (such as patient transfers, donning and doffing personal protection equipment, recognizing and managing COVID-19 infection); support for the overall hospital response to COVID-19 (reduction in non-urgent activities such as clinics, endoscopy, non-urgent elective surgery); establishment of a team-based approach for running emergency services; and recognition and management of COVID-19 infection in patients treated as an emergency and those who have had surgery. A backlog of procedures after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic is inevitable, and hospitals should plan how to address this effectively to ensure that patients having elective treatment have the best possible outcomes. Hospitals should prepare detailed context-specific pandemic preparedness plans addressing the identified domains. Specific guidance should be updated continuously to reflect emerging evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32505040, "title": "The end of 'cordon sanitaire' in Wuhan: the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Wan, K H", "Huang, S S", "Ko, C-N", "Lam, D S C"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505040", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209526, "pmcid": "PMC7239366", "title": "Management strategy of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in the radiology department: a Chinese experience.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["An, Peng", "Ye, Yingjian", "Chen, Min", "Chen, Yuting", "Fan, Wufeng", "Wang, Yong"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209526", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428084, "title": "Speech therapy, breastfeeding and COVID-19: information to speech therapist.", "journal": "Codas", "authors": ["Miranda, Vanessa Souza Gigoski de", "Rech, Rafaela Soares", "Maahs, Marcia Angelica Peter", "Berbert, Monalise Costa Batista", "Almeida, Sheila Tamanini de"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428084", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415250, "title": "COVID-19 Research in Brief: 9 May to 15 May, 2020.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Carvalho, Thiago"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415250", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289438, "pmcid": "PMC7151443", "title": "Doing the right thing for the right reason when treating ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Verikokos, Christos", "Lazaris, Andreas M", "Geroulakos, George"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289438", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440918, "pmcid": "PMC7240242", "title": "A simple algorithm helps early identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection patients with severe progression tendency.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Li, Qiang", "Zhang, Jianliang", "Ling, Yun", "Li, Weixia", "Zhang, Xiaoyu", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Chen, Liang"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440918", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to develop a simple algorithm to help early identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection patients with severe progression tendency. The univariable and multivariable analysis were computed to identify the independent predictors of COVID-19 progression. The prediction model was established in a retrospective training set of 322 COVID-19 patients and was re-evaluated in a prospective validation set of 317 COVID-19 patients. The multivariable analysis identified age (OR\u2009=\u20091.061, p\u2009=\u20090.028), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (OR\u2009=\u20091.006, p\u2009=\u20090.037), and CD4 count (OR\u2009=\u20090.993, p\u2009=\u20090.006) as the independent predictors of COVID-19 progression. Consequently, the age-LDH-CD4 algorithm was derived as (age\u2009\u00d7\u2009LDH)/CD4 count. In the training set, the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of age-LDH-CD4 model was significantly higher than that of single CD4 count, LDH, or age (0.92, 0.85, 0.80, and 0.75, respectively). In the prospective validation set, the AUROC of age-LDH-CD4 model was also significantly higher than that of single CD4 count, LDH, or age (0.92, 0.75, 0.81, and 0.82, respectively). The age-LDH-CD4\u2009\u2265\u200982 has high sensitive (81%) and specific (93%) for the early identification of COVID-19 patients with severe progression tendency. The age-LDH-CD4 model is a simple algorithm for early identifying patients with severe progression tendency following SARS-CoV-2 infection, and warrants further validation."}, {"pmid": 32485483, "pmcid": "PMC7251413", "title": "Schizophrenia and COVID-19 delirium.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Palomar-Ciria, Nora", "Blanco Del Valle, Patricia", "Hernandez-Las Heras, Miguel Angel", "Martinez-Gallardo, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485483", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its outbreak, coronavirus disease 2019 has been producing atypical manifestations aside from fever, coughing and dysnea. One of the most common is delirium, which, however, is highly overlooked. This has consequences in the treatment of patients and also may lead to underdiagnosing the infection. In this work, we present the case of a man diagnosed with schizophrenia, who had been stable for more than 20 years and that presented with an atypical picture of psychotic and confusional symptoms related to COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32292113, "pmcid": "PMC7247051", "title": "Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Stem Cells Dev", "authors": ["Zhao, Robert Chunhua"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292113", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has grown to be a global public-health emergency since patients were first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of April 9, 2020, the novel coronavirus (named as SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses on February 11) has infected 83,251 and 1,484,811 patients in China and the world, respectively. However, we have neither confirmed effective antiviral medications nor vaccines available to deal with this emergency. In this commentary, we offer an alternative promising therapy for COVID-19, that is, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation."}, {"pmid": 32445711, "pmcid": "PMC7239632", "title": "COVID-19: when should quarantine be enforced?", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bauch, Chris T", "Anand, Madhur"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445711", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315723, "pmcid": "PMC7166041", "title": "Current epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19; a global perspective from China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Tu, Huilan", "Tu, Sheng", "Gao, Shiqi", "Shao, Anwen", "Sheng, Jifang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315723", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and represents a potentially fatal disease of great global public health importance. As of March 26, 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in 462,801 confirmed cases and 20,839 deaths globally, which is more than those caused by SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2003 and 2013, respectively. The epidemic has posed considerable challenges worldwide. Under a strict mechanism of massive prevention and control, China has seen a rapid decrease in new cases of coronavirus; however, the global situation remains serious. Additionally, the origin of COVID-19 has not been determined and no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine is currently available. Based on the published data, this review systematically discusses the etiology, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and current intervention measures related to COVID-19 in the hope that it may provide a reference for future studies and aid in the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32327306, "pmcid": "PMC7167553", "title": "New paths for sustainable solutions to tackle global and emerging infectious threats.", "journal": "Biologicals", "authors": ["Holm, Anja"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the dramatic background of a newly emerged virus (SARS-CoV-2) spreading around the world, Coronavirus and other infectious health threats for the human and animal populations were illustrated and debated in excellent presentations at the IABS meeting 26-28 of February 2020. Historical evidence of pandemics and lessons learned from recent epidemics or epizootics caused by many pathogens (e.g., Ebola, Zika, and African Swine Fever viruses) illustrated the overarching need for close international cooperation. New and old technologies in vaccine development and their use were presented, resulting in a call for greater interaction between the human and the veterinary fields in order to leverage the expertise and knowledge in both human and animal medicine. The One Health concept was also emphasized for eliminating the 59,000 fatal human rabies cases annually attributed to unvaccinated dogs. For preventable, infectious diseases commonly spreading in the poorer regions of the world, a new regulatory approach and governance structure was called for to give access to affordable vaccines. Vaccines were touted as one of the most successful health invention ever introduced; on a similar level to health improvements due to clean water."}, {"pmid": 32524740, "title": "If COVID-19 Becomes Endemic will the Current Dental Guidelines Still Remain Valid?", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Ghai, Suhani"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524740", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a recent paper, the authors Jamal et al reviewed various guidelines published by dental societies of the world for the prevention of transmission of COVID-19 virus in the dental care setting during the current pandemic(Jamal et al., 2020). While this review is very interesting, I have a genuine apprehension that these guidelines may not be valid for a long time and very soon new guidelines will be required in the unfortunate event of COVID-19 becoming endemic."}, {"pmid": 32218558, "pmcid": "PMC7205510", "title": "Preparedness and Lessons Learned from the Novel Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "Int J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Gudi, Sai Krishna", "Tiwari, Komal Krishna"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218558", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a short span, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has captured global consciousness by significantly affecting the day-to-day life of humans and emerged as a public health emergency. Undoubtedly, it indicates that lessons learnt from the past epidemics of coronaviruses such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), had not enough and thus left us ill-prepared to deal with the challenges that COVID-19 pandemic is currently posing. Currently, as a global pandemic, COVID-19 poses major challenges and thus forcing the entire world to lockdown. However, the disease has prepared humankind in facing such outbreaks at present as well as in the future. Besides, it has also taught numerous lessons that are worth considering and implementing to make the world a better reality."}, {"pmid": 32493030, "title": "Thoughts on the alveolar phase of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Mason, Robert J"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493030", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 can be divided into three clinical stages, and one can speculate that these stages correlate with where the infection resides. For the asymptomatic phase, the infection mostly resides in the nose where it elicits a minimal innate immune response. For the mildly symptomatic phase, the infection is mostly in the psuedostatified stratified epithelium of the larger airways and is accompanied by a more vigorous innate immune response. In the conducting airways, the epithelium can recover from the infection, because the keratin V basal cells are spared and they are the progenitor cells for the bronchial epithelium. There may be more severe disease in the respiratory bronchioles where the club cells are likely infected. The devastating third phase is in the gas exchange units of the lung, where ACE2 expressing alveolar type II cells and perhaps type I cells are infected. The loss of type II cells results in respiratory insufficiency due to the loss of pulmonary surfactant, alveolar flooding, and loss of normal repair, since type II cells are the progenitors of type I cells. The loss of type I and type II cells will also block normal active resorption of alveolar fluid. Subsequent endothelial damage leads to transudation of plasma proteins, formation of hyaline membranes, and an inflammatory exudate, characteristic of ARDS. Repair might be normal, but if the type II cells are severely damaged, alternative pathways for epithelial repair may be activated, which would result in some residual lung disease."}, {"pmid": 32329522, "pmcid": "PMC7264574", "title": "Understanding epidemic data and statistics: A case study of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Hoseinpour Dehkordi, Amirhoshang", "Alizadeh, Majid", "Derakhshan, Pegah", "Babazadeh, Peyman", "Jahandideh, Arash"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329522", "countries": ["Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "Germany", "Spain", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel-coronavirus (COVID-19) has affected 181 countries with approximately 1197405 confirmed cases (by 5th April). Understanding the transmission dynamics of the infection in each country which got affected on a daily basis and evaluating the effectiveness of control policies are critical for our further actions. To date, the statistics of COVID-19 reported cases show that more than 80% of infected are mild cases of disease, around 14% of infected have severe complications, and about 5% are categorized as critical disease victims. Today's report (5th April 2020; daily updates in the prepared website) shows that the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the United States, Spain, Italy, and Germany are 308850, 126168, 124632, and 96092,\u00a0respectively. Calculating the total case fatality rate (CFR) of Italy (4th April 2020), about 13.3% of confirmed cases have passed away. Compared with South Korea's rate of 1.8% (seven times lower than Italy) and China's 4% (69% lower than Italy), the CFR of Italy is too high. Some effective policies that yielded significant changes in the trend of cases were the lockdown policy in China, Italy, and Spain (the effect observed after some days), the shutdown of all nonessential companies in Hubei (the effect observed after 5 days), combined policy in South Korea, and reducing working hours in Iran."}, {"pmid": 32228732, "pmcid": "PMC7156571", "title": "Epidemiological Characteristics on the Clustering Nature of COVID-19 in Qingdao City, 2020: A Descriptive Analysis.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Jia, Jing", "Hu, Xiaowen", "Yang, Feng", "Song, Xin", "Dong, Liyan", "Zhang, Jingfei", "Jiang, Fachun", "Gao, Ruqin"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228732", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As an emerging infectious disease, COVID-19 has involved many countries and regions. With the further development of the epidemic, the proportion of clusters has increased. In our study, we collected information on COVID-19 clusters in Qingdao City. The epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations were analyzed. Eleven clusters of COVID-19 were reported in Qingdao City between January 29, and February 23, 2020, involving 44 confirmed cases, which accounted for 73.33% of all confirmed cases. From January 19 to February 2, 2020, the cases mainly concentrated in the district that had many designated hospitals. Patients aged 20-59 y old accounted for the largest proportion (68.18%) of cases; the male-to-female sex ratio was 0.52:1. Three cases were infected from exposure to confirmed cases. The average incubation period was 6.28 d. The median number of cases per cluster was 4, and the median duration time was 6 d. The median cumulative number of exposed persons was 53. More attention should be paid to the epidemic of clusters in prevention and control of COVID-19. In addition to isolating patients, it is essential to track, screen, and isolate those who have come in close contact with patients. Self-isolation is the key especially for healthy people in the epidemic area."}, {"pmid": 32389702, "pmcid": "PMC7204755", "title": "COVID-19-related information sources and psychological well-being: An online survey study in Taiwan.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Ko, Nai-Ying", "Lu, Wei-Hsin", "Chen, Yi-Lung", "Li, Dian-Jeng", "Wang, Peng-Wei", "Hsu, Su-Ting", "Chen, Chang-Chun", "Lin, Yi-Hsuan", "Chang, Yu-Ping", "Yen, Cheng-Fang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389702", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390279, "pmcid": "PMC7273098", "title": "Cutaneous signs in COVID-19 patients: A review.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Wollina, Uwe", "Karadag, Ayse Serap", "Rowland-Payne, Christopher", "Chiriac, Anca", "Lotti, Torello"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390279", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the epithelium of the airways. With the increasing involvement of dermatologist in management of this crisis, cutaneous symptoms gained more and more attention. In this review, we will describe cutaneous symptoms of patients of all ages in association with COVID-19. We will focus on such disorders that are caused by direct action of SARS-CoV-2 on tissues, complement, and coagulation system and on nonspecific eruption of the systemic viral infection. Drug-induced reactions are only mentioned in the differential diagnoses. Although more systematic investigations are warranted, it becomes clear that some symptoms are clinical signs of a milder COVID-19 course, while others are a red flag for a more severe course. Knowledge of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 may help in early diagnosis, triage of patients, and risk stratification."}, {"pmid": 32498096, "title": "Intramural Hematoma as Unexpected Complication of COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Aorta (Stamford)", "authors": ["Terzi, Francesca", "Cefarelli, Mariano", "Fattori, Rossella", "Di Eusanio, Marco"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498096", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an ominous infectious disease that seems capable to attack any organ system, leading in the most severe cases to patient death. COVID-19 has been associated with multiple cardiovascular complications of inflammatory and immune origin, leading to a wide spectrum of vascular damage, myocardial injury, stroke, and pulmonary obstruction. We report the case of a patient with COVID-19 infection who developed an acute aortic syndrome with the characteristics of aortic intramural hematoma."}, {"pmid": 32507498, "title": "Wearing masks and the fight against the novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Alizargar, Javad"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507498", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445885, "pmcid": "PMC7240257", "title": "Invited commentary on \"Optimizing response in surgical systems during and after COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons from China and the UK - Perspective. Int J Surg, 2020, May 4, Epub ahead of print\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Huda, Farhanul", "Basu, Somprakas"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445885", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463221, "pmcid": "PMC7263077", "title": "Endogenous Deficiency of Glutathione as the Most Likely Cause of Serious Manifestations and Death in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "ACS Infect Dis", "authors": ["Polonikov, Alexey"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463221", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Higher rates of serious illness and death from coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection among older people and those who have comorbidities suggest that age- and disease-related biological processes make such individuals more sensitive to environmental stress factors including infectious agents like coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, impaired redox homeostasis and associated oxidative stress appear to be important biological processes that may account for increased individual susceptibility to diverse environmental insults. The aim of this Viewpoint is to justify (1) the crucial roles of glutathione in determining individual responsiveness to COVID-19 infection and disease pathogenesis and (2) the feasibility of using glutathione as a means for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 illness. The hypothesis that glutathione deficiency is the most plausible explanation for serious manifestation and death in COVID-19 patients was proposed on the basis of an exhaustive literature analysis and observations. The hypothesis unravels the mysteries of epidemiological data on the risk factors determining serious manifestations of COVID-19 infection and the high risk of death and opens real opportunities for effective treatment and prevention of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32430651, "pmcid": "PMC7236433", "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE-2, is expressed on many different cell types: implications for ACE-inhibitor- and angiotensin II receptor blocker-based cardiovascular therapies.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Albini, Adriana", "Di Guardo, Giovanni", "Noonan, Douglas McClain", "Lombardo, Michele"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430651", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by a spike protein allowing viral binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2, which acts as a viral receptor and is expressed on the surface of several pulmonary and extra-pulmonary cell types, including cardiac, renal, intestinal and endothelial cells. There is evidence that also endothelial cells are infected by SARS-COV-2, with subsequent occurrence of systemic vasculitis, thromboembolism and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Those effects, together with the \"cytokine storm\" are involved in a worse prognosis. In clinical practice, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are extensively used for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. In in vivo studies, ACE-Is and ARBs seem to paradoxically increase ACE-2 expression, which could favour SARS-CoV-2 infection of host's cells and tissues. By contrast, in patients treated with ACE-Is and ARBs, ACE-2 shows a downregulation at the mRNA and protein levels in kidney and cardiac tissues. Yet, it has been claimed that both ARBs and ACE-Is could result potentially useful in the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. As detected in China and as the Italian epidemiological situation confirms, the most prevalent comorbidities in deceased patients with COVID-19 are hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Older COVID-19-affected patients with cardiovascular comorbidities exhibit a more severe clinical course and a worse prognosis, with many of them being also treated with ARBs or ACE-Is. Another confounding factor is cigarette smoking, which has been reported to increase ACE-2 expression in both experimental models and humans. Sex also plays a role, with chromosome X harbouring the gene coding for ACE-2, which is one of the possible explanations of why mortality in female patients is lower.\u00a0Viral entry also depends on TMPRSS2 protease activity, an androgen dependent enzyme. Despite the relevance of experimental animal studies, to comprehensively address the question of the potential hazards or benefits of ACE-Is and ARBs on the clinical course of COVID-19-affected patients treated by these anti-hypertensive drugs, we will need randomized human studies.\u00a0We claim the need of adequately powered, prospective studies aimed at answering the following questions of paramount importance for cardiovascular, internal and emergency medicine: Do ACE-Is and ARBs exert similar or different effects on infection or disease course? Are such effects dangerous, neutral or even\u00a0useful in older, COVID-19-affected patients? Do they act on multiple cell types? Since ACE-Is and ARBs have different molecular targets, the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection could be also different in patients treated by one or the other of these two drug classes. At present, insufficient detailed data from trials\u00a0have been made available."}, {"pmid": 32278361, "pmcid": "PMC7158946", "title": "Attention should be paid to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in the management of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Wang, Tao", "Chen, Ruchong", "Liu, Chunli", "Liang, Wenhua", "Guan, Weijie", "Tang, Ruidi", "Tang, Chunli", "Zhang, Nuofu", "Zhong, Nanshan", "Li, Shiyue"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278361", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447783, "title": "Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19: back to the future.", "journal": "Transfus Med", "authors": ["Roberts, David J", "Miflin, Gail", "Estcourt, Lise"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447783", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360371, "pmcid": "PMC7192088", "title": "Thromboembolic events in patients with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Ng, Jun Jie", "Choong, Andrew M T L"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360371", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273605, "title": "Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Stower, Hannah"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273605", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361082, "title": "Food safety issues related to wildlife have not been taken seriously from SARS to COVID-19.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Wei, Guangyue"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361082", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "17 years after the outbreak of SARS, the 2019-nCoV broke out in December 2019. It's an unprecedented huge challenge and disaster for people all over the world. According to Web of Science database, The author found that 95,724 virology papers have been published in the past 17 years, 68,632 of which are supported by fund (71.7%). Meanwhile, 50,567 papers related to food safety have been published in the past 17 years, 28,165 of which are supported by fund (55.7%%). It seems that people's safety and global stability are greatly guaranteed. However, whether SARS or 2019-nCoV, scientists were targeting wildlife, the author found that only 515 studies on food safety related to wildlife have been published worldwide in the past 17 years. After SARS, the whole world did not pay enough attention to food safety related to wildlife."}, {"pmid": 32351254, "title": "Consensus Statement of the Saudi Association of Neurological Surgery (SANS) on Triage of Neurosurgery Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia.", "journal": "Neurosciences (Riyadh)", "authors": ["Bajunaid, Khalid", "Sabbagh, Abdulrahman J", "Ajlan, Abdulrazag", "Al-Jehani, Hosam", "Alnaami, Ibrahim", "Khormi, Yahya H", "Bin Mahfoodh, Mohammed", "Barnawi, Abdulwahed", "Bin Salamah, Ali", "Alobaid, Abdullah", "Bafaquh, Mohammed S", "Alturki, Abdulrahman Y", "Alkhani, Ahmed", "Al-Habib, Husam", "Baeesa, Saleh", "Al-Habib, Amro"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351254", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452282, "title": "Fragment tailoring strategy to design novel chemical entities as potential binders of novel corona virus main protease.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Choudhury, Chinmayee"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452282", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19) has put the world on serious alert. The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2-MPro) cleaves the long polyprotein chains to release functional proteins required for replication of the virus and thus is a potential drug target to design new chemical entities in order to inhibit the viral replication in human cells. The current study employs state of art computational methods to design novel molecules by linking molecular fragments which specifically bind to different constituent sub-pockets of the SARS-CoV-2-MPro binding site. A huge library of 191678 fragments was screened against the binding cavity of SARS-CoV-2-MPro and high affinity fragments binding to adjacent sub-pockets were tailored to generate new molecules. These newly formed molecules were further subjected to molecular docking, ADMET filters and MM-GBSA binding energy calculations to select 17 best molecules (named as MP-In1 to MP-In17), which showed comparable binding affinities and interactions with the key binding site residues as the reference ligand. The complexes of these 17 molecules and the reference molecule with SARS-CoV-2-MPro, were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations, which assessed the stabilities of their binding with SARS-CoV-2-MPro. Fifteen molecules were found to form stable complexes with SARS-CoV-2-MPro. These novel chemical entities designed specifically according to the pharmacophoric requirements of SARS-CoV-2-MPro binding pockets showed good synthetic feasibility and returned no exact match when searched against chemical databases. Considering their interactions, binding efficiencies and novel chemotypes, they can be further evaluated as potential starting points for SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery. [Formula: see text]Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32437377, "pmcid": "PMC7241742", "title": "Is social connectedness a risk factor for the spreading of COVID-19 among older adults? The Italian paradox.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Liotta, Giuseppe", "Marazzi, Maria Cristina", "Orlando, Stefano", "Palombi, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437377", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy was one of the first European countries affected by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, with over 105,000 infected people and close to 13,000 deaths, until March 31st. The pandemic has hit especially hard because of the country's demographic structure, with a high percentage of older adults. The authors explore the possibility, recently aired in some studies, of extensive intergenerational contact as a possible determinant of the severity of the pandemic among the older Italian adults. We analyzed several variables to test this hypothesis, such as the percentage of infected patients aged >80 years, available nursing home beds, COVID-19 incidence rate, and the number of days from when the number of positive tests exceeded 50 (epidemic maturity). We also included in the analysis mean household size and percentage of households comprising one person, in the region. Paradoxically, the results are opposite of what was previously reported. The pandemic was more severe in regions with higher family fragmentation and increased availability of residential health facilities."}, {"pmid": 32382754, "pmcid": "PMC7239101", "title": "Public health perspectives of smokeless tobacco and areca nut use in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Kaur, Jagdish", "Rinkoo, Arvind Vashishta"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335692, "pmcid": "PMC7183452", "title": "Aerosol box, An Operating Room Security Measure in COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Leyva Moraga, Francisco Alberto", "Leyva Moraga, Eduardo", "Leyva Moraga, Fernando", "Juanz Gonzalez, Abelardo", "Ibarra Celaya, Jesus Martin", "Ocejo Gallegos, Jesus Antonio", "Barreras Espinoza, Jorge Arturo"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335692", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237287, "pmcid": "PMC7169622", "title": "COVID-19 Testing in South Korea: Current Status and the Need for Faster Diagnostics.", "journal": "Ann Lab Med", "authors": ["Kim, Young Jin", "Sung, Heungsup", "Ki, Chang-Seok", "Hur, Mina"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237287", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426749, "pmcid": "PMC7188429", "title": "Neurologic Manifestations of Severe Respiratory Viral Contagions.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Robinson, Christopher P", "Busl, Katharina M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426749", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Endemic and pandemic viral respiratory infections have recently emerged as a critical topic of investigation given the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 outbreak. Data from such outbreaks indicate that severe systemic comorbidities including acute neurologic illness are associated with illness and lead to significant outcome differences. Herein, we will discuss the neurologic manifestations of severe viral respiratory infections including coronavirus, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, and enterovirus. PubMed and EMBASE were searched by two independent investigators up to March 2020. Data selection included preclinical and clinical studies detailing neurologic manifestations of viral respiratory infections. Two independent investigators reviewed and extracted the data. Neurologic manifestations including seizures, status epilepticus, encephalitis, critical illness neuromyopathy, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, acute necrotizing encephalitis, Guillan-Barr\u00e9 syndrome, transverse myelitis, and acute flaccid myelitis have all been associated with severe viral respiratory infections. Having an understanding of the direct neurotropism of such viruses is imperative to understanding pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and potential treatment paradigms aimed at improving morbidity and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32460953, "title": "'Policing' a Pandemic: Garda Wellbeing and COVID-19.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Rooney, L", "McNicholas, F"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460953", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478675, "title": "Headache is an important symptom in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Diagnosis (Berl)", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Mattiuzzi, Camilla", "Bovo, Chiara", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478675", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241695, "pmcid": "PMC7271257", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: How can pharmacists help?", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Al-Quteimat, Osama M MSc, BCOP", "Amer, Amer Mustafa R.Ph, MSc"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241695", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of viruses that cause disorders ranging from a mild cold to severe disease. Some of the CoVs are zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans. In December 2019, the world awoke to a new zoonotic strain of CoV that was named SARS-CoV-2 (standing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which has been classified as a high-consequence infectious disease. In addition, serious complications related to COVID-19 have been reported in some patients. These include acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute renal failure, septic shock and ventilator-associated pneumonia. The pharmacist, as a healthcare practitioner, can play an important role in hindering the spread of COVID-19, and can be an active participant in national and community efforts to fight and contain this outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32463365, "title": "Knowledge synthesis of 100 million biomedical documents augments the deep expression profiling of coronavirus receptors.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Venkatakrishnan, A J", "Puranik, Arjun", "Anand, Akash", "Zemmour, David", "Yao, Xiang", "Wu, Xiaoying", "Chilaka, Ramakrishna", "Murakowski, Dariusz K", "Standish, Kristopher", "Raghunathan, Bharathwaj", "Wagner, Tyler", "Garcia-Rivera, Enrique", "Solomon, Hugo", "Garg, Abhinav", "Barve, Rakesh", "Anyanwu-Ofili, Anuli", "Khan, Najat", "Soundararajan, Venky"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463365", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic demands assimilation of all biomedical knowledge to decode mechanisms of pathogenesis. Despite the recent renaissance in neural networks, a platform for the real-time synthesis of the exponentially growing biomedical literature and deep omics insights is unavailable. Here, we present the nferX platform for dynamic inference from 45 quadrillion+ possible conceptual associations from unstructured text and triangulation with insights from Single Cell RNA-sequencing, bulk RNAseq and proteomics from diverse tissue types. A hypothesis-free profiling of ACE2 suggests tongue keratinocytes, olfactory epithelial cells, airway club cells and respiratory ciliated cells as potential reservoirs of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor. We find the gut as the putative hotspot of COVID-19, where a maturation correlated transcriptional signature is shared in small intestine enterocytes among coronavirus receptors(ACE2, DPP4, ANPEP). A holistic data science platform triangulating insights from structured and unstructured data holds potential for accelerating the generation of impactful biological insights and hypotheses."}, {"pmid": 32102726, "title": "Expert Recommendations for Tracheal Intubation in Critically ill Patients with Noval Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Chin Med Sci J", "authors": ["Zuo, Ming-Zhang", "Huang, Yu-Guang", "Ma, Wu-Hua", "Xue, Zhang-Gang", "Zhang, Jia-Qiang", "Gong, Ya-Hong", "Che, Lu"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32102726", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious disease. It firstly appeared in Wuhan, Hubei province of China in December 2019. During the next two months, it moved rapidly throughout China and spread to multiple countries through infected persons travelling by air. Most of the infected patients have mild symptoms including fever, fatigue and cough. But in severe cases, patients can progress rapidly and develop to the acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis and coagulopathy. The new coronavirus was reported to spread via droplets, contact and natural aerosols from human-to-human. Therefore, high-risk aerosol-producing procedures such as endotracheal intubation may put the anesthesiologists at high risk of nosocomial infections. In fact, SARS-CoV-2 infection of anesthesiologists after endotracheal intubation for confirmed COVID-19 patients have been reported in hospitals in Wuhan. The expert panel of airway management in Chinese Society of Anaesthesiology has deliberated and drafted this recommendation, by which we hope to guide the performance of endotracheal intubation by frontline anesthesiologists and critical care physicians. During the airway management, enhanced droplet/airborne PPE should be applied to the health care providers. A good airway assessment before airway intervention is of vital importance. For patients with normal airway, awake intubation should be avoided and modified rapid sequence induction is strongly recommended. Sufficient muscle relaxant should be assured before intubation. For patients with difficult airway, good preparation of airway devices and detailed intubation plans should be made."}, {"pmid": 32204756, "title": "[Clinical features and chest CT findings of coronavirus disease 2019 in infants and young children].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhou, Yun", "Yang, Gen-Dong", "Feng, Kai", "Huang, Hua", "Yun, Yong-Xing", "Mou, Xin-Yan", "Wang, Li-Fei"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204756", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study the clinical features and chest CT findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in infants and young children. A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data and chest CT images of 9 children, aged 0 to 3 years, who were diagnosed with COVID-19 by nucleic acid detection between January 20 and February 10, 2020. All 9 children had an epidemiological history, and family clustering was observed for all infected children. Among the 9 children with COVID-19, 5 had no symptoms, 4 had fever, 2 had cough, and 1 had rhinorrhea. There were only symptoms of the respiratory system. Laboratory examination showed no reductions in leukocyte or lymphocyte count. Among the 9 children, 6 had an increase in lymphocyte count and 2 had an increase in leukocyte count. CT examination showed that among the 9 children, 8 had pulmonary inflammation located below the pleura or near the interlobar fissure and 3 had lesions distributed along the bronchovascular bundles. As for the morphology of the lesions, 6 had nodular lesions and 7 had patchy lesions; ground glass opacity with consolidation was observed in 6 children, among whom 3 had halo sign, and there was no typical paving stone sign. Infants and young children with COVID-19 tend to have mild clinical symptoms and imaging findings not as typical as those of adults, and therefore, the diagnosis of COVID-19 should be made based on imaging findings along with epidemiological history and nucleic acid detection. Chest CT has guiding significance for the early diagnosis of asymptomatic children."}, {"pmid": 32273267, "title": "Face masks for the public during the covid-19 crisis.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Greenhalgh, Trisha", "Schmid, Manuel B", "Czypionka, Thomas", "Bassler, Dirk", "Gruer, Laurence"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273267", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524333, "title": "COVID 19: a clue from innate immunity.", "journal": "Immunol Res", "authors": ["Birra, Domenico", "Benucci, Maurizio", "Landolfi, Luigi", "Merchionda, Anna", "Loi, Gabriella", "Amato, Patrizia", "Licata, Gaetano", "Quartuccio, Luca", "Triggiani, Massimo", "Moscato, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524333", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on our lives and has rapidly expanded to reach more than 4 million cases worldwide by May 2020. These cases are characterized by extreme variability, from a mild or asymptomatic form lasting for a few days up to severe forms of interstitial pneumonia that may require ventilatory therapy and can lead to patient death.Several hypotheses have been drawn up to understand the role of the interaction between the infectious agent and the immune system in the development of the disease and the most severe forms; the role of the cytokine storm seems important.Innate immunity, as one of the first elements of guest interaction with different infectious agents, could play an important role in the development of the cytokine storm and be responsible for boosting more severe forms. Therefore, it seems important to study also this important arm of the immune system to adequately understand the pathogenesis of the disease. Research on this topic is also needed to develop therapeutic strategies for treatment of this disease."}, {"pmid": 32321878, "title": "Is GSK3beta a molecular target of chloroquine treatment against COVID-19?", "journal": "Drug Discov Ther", "authors": ["Embi, Mohammed Noor", "Ganesan, Nagesswary", "Sidek, Hasidah Mohd"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321878", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent clinical trial reports pertaining to the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against COVID-19 albeit yet to be validated with larger clinical trials, have sparked much interest globally to evaluate whether this anti-malarial drug can be repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19. In addition to its anti-viral activity, the anti-inflammatory activity of chloroquine may also contribute to its efficacy. Based on our data obtained from an animal infection model of melioidosis (a disease caused by the bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei), treatment with chloroquine can result in the phosphorylation and consequent inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 (GSK3\u03b2). This serine/threonine protein kinase is now recognised as a point of convergence for host inflammatory response. In view of this, it is plausible that the mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of chloroquine against COVID-19 involves inhibition of host GSK3\u03b2."}, {"pmid": 32369686, "title": "The Risks of Prescribing Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19-Infected Patients With Schizophrenia.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Uvais, N A"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369686", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223988, "pmcid": "PMC7194678", "title": "ECMO for ARDS due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Namendys-Silva, Silvio A"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223988", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32043985, "pmcid": "PMC7129704", "title": "Australian Government releases face masks to protect against coronavirus.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Kirby, Tony"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32043985", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381692, "title": "Combination prevention for COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Myron S", "Corey, Lawrence"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381692", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483526, "pmcid": "PMC7241330", "title": "First description of SARS-CoV-2 in ascites.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Culver, Aurelien", "Arbelot, Charlotte", "Bechis, Carole", "Cassir, Nadim", "Leone, Marc"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483526", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32189489, "title": "[ACE2 in the context of 2019-nCoV infection: friend or foe?]", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, J M", "Meng, X", "Xue, F", "Zhang, Y", "Zhang, C"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189489", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517839, "title": "The behavioral pattern of patients with frontotemporal dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Suzuki, Maki", "Hotta, Maki", "Nagase, Aki", "Yamamoto, Yuki", "Hirakawa, Natsuho", "Satake, Yuto", "Nagata, Yuma", "Suehiro, Takashi", "Kanemoto, Hideki", "Yoshiyama, Kenji", "Mori, Etsuro", "Hashimoto, Mamoru", "Ikeda, Manabu"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517839", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378762, "pmcid": "PMC7267539", "title": "Covid 19. The paradox of social distancing.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["O'Brien, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378762", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Before 2020 the term 'social distancing' while not new, was barely known. The concept was promoted by the World Health Organisation in 2008 as a public health measure to prevent transmission of influenza, and in various forms it can be identified in reference to epidemics going back hundreds of years. However, in common parlance social distancing is more likely to have been associated with stigma or social class, something with negative connotations, something to be avoided."}, {"pmid": 32356627, "pmcid": "PMC7206933", "title": "Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockers and the Risk of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Mancia, Giuseppe", "Rea, Federico", "Ludergnani, Monica", "Apolone, Giovanni", "Corrao, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356627", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A potential association between the use of angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has not been well studied. We carried out a population-based case-control study in the Lombardy region of Italy. A total of 6272 case patients in whom infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was confirmed between February 21 and March 11, 2020, were matched to 30,759 beneficiaries of the Regional Health Service (controls) according to sex, age, and municipality of residence. Information about the use of selected drugs and patients' clinical profiles was obtained from regional databases of health care use. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations between drugs and infection, with adjustment for confounders, were estimated by means of logistic regression. Among both case patients and controls, the mean (\u00b1SD) age was 68\u00b113 years, and 37% were women. The use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs was more common among case patients than among controls, as was the use of other antihypertensive and non-antihypertensive drugs, and case patients had a worse clinical profile. Use of ARBs or ACE inhibitors did not show any association with Covid-19 among case patients overall (adjusted odds ratio, 0.95 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.86 to 1.05] for ARBs and 0.96 [95% CI, 0.87 to 1.07] for ACE inhibitors) or among patients who had a severe or fatal course of the disease (adjusted odds ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.63 to 1.10] for ARBs and 0.91 [95% CI, 0.69 to 1.21] for ACE inhibitors), and no association between these variables was found according to sex. In this large, population-based study, the use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs was more frequent among patients with Covid-19 than among controls because of their higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease. However, there was no evidence that ACE inhibitors or ARBs affected the risk of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32461492, "title": "COVID-19: Ophthalmic prophylactic and therapeutic measures.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Waikar, Shrikant", "Oli, Avadhesh"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461492", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512240, "title": "A rapid systematic review of the efficacy of face masks and respirators against coronaviruses and other respiratory transmissible viruses for the community, healthcare workers and sick patients.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["MacIntyre, C Raina", "Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512240", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19 is growing, and a shortage of masks and respirators has been reported globally. Policies of health organizations for healthcare workers are inconsistent, with a change in policy in the US for universal face mask use. The aim of this study was to review the evidence around the efficacy of masks and respirators for healthcare workers, sick patients and the general public. A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials on use of respiratory protection by healthcare workers, sick patients and community members was conducted. Articles were searched on Medline and Embase using key search terms. A total of 19 randomised controlled trials were included in this study - 8 in community settings, 6 in healthcare settings and 5 as source control. Most of these randomised controlled trials used different interventions and outcome measures. In the community, masks appeared to be effective with and without hand hygiene, and both together are more protective. Randomised controlled trials in health care workers showed that respirators, if worn continually during a shift, were effective but not if worn intermittently. Medical masks were not effective, and cloth masks even less effective. When used by sick patients randomised controlled trials suggested protection of well contacts. The study suggests that community mask use by well people could be beneficial, particularly for COVID-19, where transmission may be pre-symptomatic. The studies of masks as source control also suggest a benefit, and may be important during the COVID-19 pandemic in universal community face mask use as well as in health care settings. Trials in healthcare workers support the use of respirators continuously during a shift. This may prevent health worker infections and deaths from COVID-19, as aerosolisation in the hospital setting has been documented."}, {"pmid": 32440883, "pmcid": "PMC7241581", "title": "Thromboembolism and anticoagulant therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: interim clinical guidance from the anticoagulation forum.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Barnes, Geoffrey D", "Burnett, Allison", "Allen, Arthur", "Blumenstein, Marilyn", "Clark, Nathan P", "Cuker, Adam", "Dager, William E", "Deitelzweig, Steven B", "Ellsworth, Stacy", "Garcia, David", "Kaatz, Scott", "Minichiello, Tracy"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440883", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection that can, in severe cases, result in cytokine storm, systemic inflammatory response and coagulopathy that is prognostic of poor outcomes. While some, but not all, laboratory findings appear similar to sepsis-associated disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), COVID-19- induced coagulopathy (CIC) appears to be more prothrombotic than hemorrhagic. It has been postulated that CIC may be an uncontrolled immunothrombotic response to COVID-19, and there is growing evidence of venous and arterial thromboembolic events in these critically ill patients. Clinicians around the globe are challenged with rapidly identifying reasonable diagnostic, monitoring and anticoagulant strategies to safely and effectively manage these patients. Thoughtful use of proven, evidence-based approaches must be carefully balanced with integration of rapidly emerging evidence and growing experience. The goal of this document is to provide guidance from the Anticoagulation Forum, a North American organization of anticoagulation providers, regarding use of anticoagulant therapies in patients with COVID-19. We discuss in-hospital and post-discharge venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention, treatment of suspected but unconfirmed VTE, laboratory monitoring of COVID-19, associated anticoagulant therapies, and essential elements for optimized transitions of care specific to patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32387004, "pmcid": "PMC7252186", "title": "Digital physical therapy in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Braz J Phys Ther", "authors": ["Dantas, Lucas Ogura", "Barreto, Rodrigo Py Goncalves", "Ferreira, Cristine Homsi Jorge"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391518, "pmcid": "PMC7205635", "title": "Detection of SARS-COV-2 in Placental and Fetal Membrane Samples.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Penfield, Christina A", "Brubaker, Sara G", "Limaye, Meghana A", "Lighter, Jennifer", "Ratner, Adam J", "Thomas, Kristen M", "Meyer, Jessica", "Roman, Ashley S"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391518", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first reports of the emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease (COVID-19), concerns remain about whether the virus is transmissible in pregnant women from the mother to the fetus during either the antepartum period or the process of labor and delivery. One recent review reported that in a small number of cases, two PCR swabs of the placenta were sent in additional to neonatal and cord blood testing, and both placental PCR swabs were negative.1 Other studies have demonstrated the finding of SARS-CoV2 IgM in neonates born to mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 during pregnancy,2,3 findings that may indicate vertical transmission of the virus in utero. We report our experience with placental/membrane SARS-CoV2 RNA PCR swab results after delivery to a series of symptomatic mothers with confirmed COVID-19 infection in pregnancy. IRB approval was obtained. All pregnant patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who gave birth between March 1, 2020 and April 20, 2020 at NYU Langone Health were identified by a search of the electronic medical record. Charts were reviewed for documentation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA RT-PCR testing sent from either the placenta or membranes within 30 minutes following delivery. PCR testing for SARS-COV-2 was performed using the cobas SARS-CoV-2 assay (Roche) or the Cepheid Xpert Xpress assay. Placental swabs were obtained from the amniotic surface after clearing the surface of maternal blood (placental PCR). Membrane swabs were obtained from between the amnion and chorion after manual separation of the membranes (membrane PCR). Maternal COVID-19 illness was categorized as mild, severe, or critical.4 The time interval from maternal diagnosis of COVID-19 to delivery was calculated in days. Infants were tested with nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 PCR between days of life 1 and 5 while hospitalized. Hospitalized infants were also assessed for clinical signs and symptoms, including fever, cough, and nasal congestion. Of 32 COVID-19 positive pregnant patients who gave birth in this timeframe, placental or membrane swabs were sent from 11 patients (Table). Three of 11 swabs were positive. None of the infants tested positive for SARS-CoV2 on days of life 1 through 5, and none demonstrated symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Of 11 placental or membrane swabs sent following delivery, 3 swabs were positive for SARS-CoV-2, all in women with moderate to severe COVID-19 illness at time of delivery. This is the first study to demonstrate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in placental or membrane samples. While there were no clinical signs of vertical transmission, our findings raise the possibility of intrapartum viral exposure. Given the mixing of maternal and fetal fluid and tissue at time of delivery, the origin of the detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in our series is unclear. It may represent contamination from maternal blood, amniotic fluid, or COVID-19 infection of the membranes and amniotic sac. For those infants who were delivered vaginally, contamination with vaginal secretions is also a possible source, although prior studies on vaginal secretions have failed to demonstrate the presence of COVID-19.5,6Although all of our neonates tested negative in the first 5 days of life, many were born via cesarean deliveries with decreased length of exposure to these tissues, which may be associated with a decreased likelihood of vertical transmission. Additionally, nasopharyngeal testing immediately after delivery may not be the ideal approach to evaluate vertical transmission if exposure occurs at the time of delivery, as the virus may require a longer incubation period before these swabs convert to positive. In summary, the presence of viral RNA by RT-PCR in placenta/membranes at the time of delivery suggests the need for further research into the possibility of vertical transmission."}, {"pmid": 32496422, "title": "Effects of Corticosteroid Treatment for Non-Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Propensity Score-Based Analysis.", "journal": "Shock", "authors": ["Yuan, Mingli", "Xu, Xiaoxiao", "Xia, Dongping", "Tao, Zhaowu", "Yin, Wen", "Tan, Weijun", "Hu, Yi", "Song, Cheng"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496422", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effects of corticosteroid treatment on non-severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients are unknown. To determine the impacts of adjuvant corticosteroid administrated to patients with non-severe COVID-19 pneumonia. A retrospective cohort study based on propensity score analysis was designed to explore the effects of corticosteroid on several clinical outcomes. 132 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria and 35 pairs were generated according to propensity score matching. Compared to non-corticosteroid group, the CT score on day 7 was significantly higher in corticosteroid group (8.6 (IQR, 2.8-11.5) versus 12.0 (IQR, 5.0-19.3), P\u200a=\u200a0.046). In corticosteroid group, more patients progressed to severe cases (11.4% versus 2.9%, P\u200a=\u200a0.353), hospital stay (23.5 days (IQR, 19-29 d) versus 20.2 days (IQR, 14-25.3 d), P\u200a=\u200a0.079) and duration of viral shedding (20.3 days (IQR, 15.2-24.8 d) versus 19.4 days (IQR, 11.5-28.3 d), P\u200a=\u200a0.669) were prolonged, while fever time (9.5 days (IQR, 6.5-12.2 d) versus 10.2 days (IQR, 6.8-14 d), P\u200a=\u200a0.28) was shortened, however all these data revealed no statistically significant differences. Corticosteroid might have a negative effect on lung injury recovery in non-severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients, however the results of this study must be interpreted with caution because of confounding factors."}, {"pmid": 32500994, "title": "Approaches to stimulate clinical reasoning in continuing medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Naylor, Katarzyna", "Torres, Kamil"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500994", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479986, "pmcid": "PMC7256503", "title": "Type 3 hypersensitivity in COVID-19 vasculitis.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Roncati, Luca", "Ligabue, Giulia", "Fabbiani, Luca", "Malagoli, Claudia", "Gallo, Graziana", "Lusenti, Beatrice", "Nasillo, Vincenzo", "Manenti, Antonio", "Maiorana, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479986", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing public health emergency and new knowledge about its immunopathogenic mechanisms is deemed necessary in the attempt to reduce the death burden, globally. For the first time in worldwide literature, we provide scientific evidence that in COVID-19 vasculitis a life-threatening escalation from type 2\u00a0T-helper immune response (humoral immunity) to type 3 hypersensitivity (immune complex disease) takes place. The subsequent deposition of immune complexes inside the vascular walls is supposed to induce a severe inflammatory state and a cytokine release syndrome, whose interleukin-6 is the key myokine, from the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels."}, {"pmid": 32395258, "pmcid": "PMC7212509", "title": "Low-tech solutions for the COVID-19 supply chain crisis.", "journal": "Nat Rev Mater", "authors": ["Armani, Andrea M", "Hurt, Darrell E", "Hwang, Darryl", "McCarthy, Meghan C", "Scholtz, Alexis"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395258", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A global effort is ongoing in the scientific community and in the maker movement, which focuses on creating devices and tinkering with them, to reverse-engineer commercial medical equipment and get it to healthcare workers. For these 'low-tech' solutions to have a real impact, it is important for them to coalesce around approved designs."}, {"pmid": 32387833, "pmcid": "PMC7172759", "title": "Optimizing status epilepticus care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Epilepsy Behav", "authors": ["Kinney, Michael O", "Brigo, Francesco", "Kaplan, Peter W"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387833", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449528, "title": "Effects of COVID-19 on Parkinson's disease clinical features: a community-based case-control study.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Cilia, Roberto", "Bonvegna, Salvatore", "Straccia, Giulia", "Nico, Golfre Andreasi", "Elia, Antonio E", "Romito, Luigi M", "Devigili, Grazia", "Cereda, Emanuele", "Eleopra, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449528", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on clinical features of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been poorly characterized so far. Of 141 PD patients resident in Lombardy, we found 12 COVID-19 cases (8.5%), whose mean age and disease duration (65.5 and 6.3\u2009years, respectively) were similar to controls. Changes in clinical features in the period January 2020 to April 2020 were compared with those of 36 PD controls matched for sex, age, and disease duration using the clinical impression of severity index for PD, the Movement Disorders Society Unified PD Rating Scale Parts II and IV, and the nonmotor symptoms scale. Motor and nonmotor symptoms significantly worsened in the COVID-19 group, requiring therapy adjustment in one third of cases. Clinical deterioration was explained by both infection-related mechanisms and impaired pharmacokinetics of dopaminergic therapy. Urinary issues and fatigue were the most prominent nonmotor issues. Cognitive functions were marginally involved, whereas none experienced autonomic failure. \u00a9 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society."}, {"pmid": 32323644, "pmcid": "PMC7253116", "title": "All together to Fight COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Momtazmanesh, Sara", "Ochs, Hans D", "Uddin, Lucina Q", "Perc, Matjaz", "Routes, John M", "Vieira, Duarte Nuno", "Al-Herz, Waleed", "Baris, Safa", "Prando, Carolina", "Rosivall, Laszlo", "Abdul Latiff, Amir Hamzah", "Ulrichs, Timo", "Roudenok, Vasili", "Aldave Becerra, Juan Carlos", "Salunke, Deepak B", "Goudouris, Ekaterini", "Condino-Neto, Antonio", "Stashchak, Anzhela", "Kryvenko, Oleksandr", "Stashchak, Mykola", "Bondarenko, Anastasia", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323644", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), named a pandemic by the WHO, is the current global health crisis. National and international collaboration are indispensable for combating COVID-19 and other similar potential outbreaks. International efforts to tackle this complex problem have led to remarkable scientific advances. Yet, as a global society, we can and must take additional measures to fight this pandemic. Undoubtedly, our approach toward COVID-19 was not perfect, and testing has not been deployed fast enough to arrest the epidemic early on. It is critical that we revise our approaches to be more prepared for pandemics as a united body by promoting global cooperation and commitment."}, {"pmid": 32267829, "pmcid": "PMC7141941", "title": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and Transfusion Medicine: reflections from Italy.", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Mascaretti, Luca", "De Angelis, Vincenzo", "Berti, Pierluigi"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267829", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425356, "pmcid": "PMC7229941", "title": "Unique skin manifestations of COVID-19: Is drug eruption specific to COVID-19?", "journal": "J Dermatol Sci", "authors": ["Sakaida, Takashi", "Isao, Tanimoto", "Matsubara, Akihiro", "Nakamura, Motoki", "Morita, Akimichi"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425356", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022COVID-19 is associated with specific skin manifestations and drug eruption.\u2022This case shows COVID-19-related drug eruption and specific clinical features.\u2022Drug eruption preceding COVID-19 symptoms may facilitate early diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32366658, "pmcid": "PMC7260988", "title": "Evidence from internet search data shows information-seeking responses to news of local COVID-19 cases.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Bento, Ana I", "Nguyen, Thuy", "Wing, Coady", "Lozano-Rojas, Felipe", "Ahn, Yong-Yeol", "Simon, Kosali"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366658", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is a global pandemic with community circulation in many countries, including the United States, with confirmed cases in all states. The course of this pandemic will be shaped by how governments enact timely policies and disseminate information and by how the public reacts to policies and information. Here, we examine information-seeking responses to the first COVID-19 case public announcement in a state. Using an event study framework for all US states, we show that such news increases collective attention to the crisis right away. However, the elevated level of attention is short-lived, even though the initial announcements are followed by increasingly strong policy measures. Specifically, searches for \"coronavirus\" increased by about 36% (95% CI: 27 to 44%) on the day immediately after the first case announcement but decreased back to the baseline level in less than a week or two. We find that people respond to the first report of COVID-19 in their state by immediately seeking information about COVID-19, as measured by searches for coronavirus, coronavirus symptoms, and hand sanitizer. On the other hand, searches for information regarding community-level policies (e.g., quarantine, school closures, testing) or personal health strategies (e.g., masks, grocery delivery, over-the-counter medications) do not appear to be immediately triggered by first reports. These results are representative of the study period being relatively early in the epidemic, and more-elaborate policy responses were not yet part of the public discourse. Further analysis should track evolving patterns of responses to subsequent flows of public information."}, {"pmid": 32499225, "title": "Pathologists and the coronavirus distraction effect.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Troncone, Giancarlo", "Hofman, Paul"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444222, "pmcid": "PMC7236669", "title": "Severe neutropenia in infants with severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus 2019 infection.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Venturini, Elisabetta", "Palmas, Giordano", "Montagnani, Carlotta", "Chiappini, Elena", "Citera, Francesco", "Astorino, Valeria", "Trapani, Sandra", "Galli, Luisa"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444222", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279352, "pmcid": "PMC7262362", "title": "Blood and blood product use during COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Fan, Bingwen Eugene", "Ong, Kiat Hoe", "Chan, Stephrene Seok Wei", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Chong, Vanessa Cui Lian", "Chen, Siew Ping Connie", "Lim, Shu Ping", "Lim, Geok Ping", "Kuperan, Ponnudurai"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279352", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354499, "pmcid": "PMC7186131", "title": "COVID-19, Pandemic, and Social Distancing.", "journal": "J Foot Ankle Surg", "authors": ["Malay, D Scot"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354499", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366583, "title": "Covid-19: The time to shield all pregnant frontline workers is now.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Brickley, Elizabeth B", "Paixao, Enny S"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366583", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442256, "title": "Predicting infectious SARS-CoV-2 from diagnostic samples.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bullard, Jared", "Dust, Kerry", "Funk, Duane", "Strong, James E", "Alexander, David", "Garnett, Lauren", "Boodman, Carl", "Bello, Alexander", "Hedley, Adam", "Schiffman, Zachary", "Doan, Kaylie", "Bastien, Nathalie", "Li, Yan", "Van Caeseele, Paul G", "Poliquin, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442256", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "RT-PCR has become the primary method to diagnose viral diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. RT-PCR detects RNA, not infectious virus, thus its ability to determine duration of infectivity of patients is limited. Infectivity is a critical determinant in informing public health guidelines/interventions. Our goal was to determine the relationship between E gene SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values from respiratory samples, symptom onset to test (STT) and infectivity in cell culture. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we took SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR confirmed positive samples and determined their ability to infect Vero cell lines. Ninety RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were incubated on Vero cells. Twenty-six samples (28.9%) demonstrated viral growth. Median TCID50/ml was 1780 (282-8511). There was no growth in samples with a Ct > 24 or STT > 8 days. Multivariate logistic regression using positive viral culture as a binary predictor variable, STT and Ct demonstrated an odds ratio for positive viral culture of 0.64 (95% CI 0.49-0.84, p<0.001) for every one unit increase in Ct. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for Ct vs. positive culture was OR 0.91 (95% CI 0.85-0.97, p<0.001), with 97% specificity obtained at a Ct of >24. SARS-CoV-2 Vero cell infectivity was only observed for RT-PCR Ct < 24 and STT < 8 days. Infectivity of patients with Ct >24 and duration of symptoms >8 days may be low. This information can inform public health policy and guide clinical, infection control and occupational health decisions. Further studies of larger size are needed."}, {"pmid": 32527842, "title": "Neurologic Involvement in COVID-19: Cause or Coincidence? A Neuroimaging Perspective.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Pons-Escoda, A", "Naval-Baudin, P", "Majos, C", "Camins, A", "Cardona, P", "Cos, M", "Calvo, N"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527842", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shaken hospitals worldwide. Some authors suggest that neurologic involvement could further complicate the disease. This descriptive study is a cross-sectional review of 103 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who underwent neuroimaging (of a total of 2249 patients with COVID-19 in our center). Analyzed variables were neurologic symptoms and acute imaging findings. The most frequent symptoms that motivated neuroimaging examinations were mild nonfocal neurologic symptoms, code stroke (refers to patients presenting with signs and symptoms of stroke whose hyperacute assessment and care is prioritized), focal neurologic symptoms, postsedation encephalopathy, and seizures. No cases of encephalitis or direct central nervous system involvement were detected. Thirteen patients presented with acute ischemic events, and 7, with hemorrhagic events; however, most reported multiple vascular risk factors. Despite the large cohort of patients with COVID-19, we found a large number of symptomatic patients with negative neuroimaging findings, and no conclusions can be drawn concerning concrete associations between neuroimaging and COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32500951, "title": "Singapore's experience in ensuring continuity of outpatient care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Sek, Kathleen Sy", "Tan, Andre Th", "Yip, Alexander Wj", "Boon, Eve Me", "Teng, G G", "Lee, Chun-Tsu"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500951", "countries": ["Singapore", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is a global pandemic with rapid community spread. Patients with multi-morbidities are particularly vulnerable during this time. The number of cases soared in early February 2020, and Singapore declared escalation of the Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) level to Orange. Multiple measures have been taken to combat the spread of this highly contagious infection. Despite our medical manpower being diverted to the wards, our hospital aims to maintain nearly full operations at the clinic, balancing against concern about the spread of the virus and exposing healthcare workers to potential risks. We describe the measures taken in a tertiary hospital in Singapore to mitigate the risk of infection in the outpatient setting while ensuring that continuing clinical care of patients with chronic diseases is not compromised."}, {"pmid": 32292883, "pmcid": "PMC7110269", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak: an Update on Therapeutic Options.", "journal": "SN Compr Clin Med", "authors": ["Panati, Kalpana", "Narala, Venkata Ramireddy"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292883", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345485, "pmcid": "PMC7194745", "title": "Treatment for emerging viruses: Convalescent plasma and COVID-19.", "journal": "Transfus Apher Sci", "authors": ["Brown, Bethany L", "McCullough, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345485", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Use of convalescent plasma transfusions could be of great value in the current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), given the lack of specific preventative and therapeutic options. This convalescent plasma therapy is of particular interest when a vaccine or specific therapy is not yet available for emerging viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19. This report summarizes existing literature around convalescent plasma as a therapeutic option for COVID-19. It also includes recommendations for establishing a convalescent plasma program, enhancement considerations for convalescent plasma, and considerations around pathogen reduction treatment of convalescent plasma. Time is of the essence to set up protocols for collection, preparation, and administration of apheresis-collected convalescent plasma in response to the current pandemic. The immediate use of convalescent plasma provides prompt availability of a promising treatment while specific vaccines and treatments are evaluated and brought to scale. Further development of improved convalescent plasma, vaccines and other therapeutics depends on quick generation of additional data on pathogenesis and immune response. Additionally, given the lack of information around the natural history of this disease, PRT should be considered to add a layer of safety to protect recipients of convalescent plasma."}, {"pmid": 32277770, "pmcid": "PMC7262194", "title": "COVID-19: its impact on dental schools in Italy, clinical problems in endodontic therapy and general considerations.", "journal": "Int Endod J", "authors": ["Prati, C", "Pelliccioni, G A", "Sambri, V", "Chersoni, S", "Gandolfi, M G"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277770", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431085, "pmcid": "PMC7267092", "title": "The basic reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan is about to die out, how about the rest of the World?", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Rahman, Bootan", "Sadraddin, Evar", "Porreca, Annamaria"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431085", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The virologically confirmed cases of a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the world are rapidly increasing, leading epidemiologists and mathematicians to construct transmission models that aim to predict the future course of the current pandemic. The transmissibility of a virus is measured by the basic reproduction number ( R0 ), which measures the average number of new cases generated per typical infectious case. This review highlights the articles reporting rigorous estimates and determinants of COVID-19 R0 for the most affected areas. Moreover, the mean of all estimated R0 with median and interquartile range is calculated. According to these articles, the basic reproduction number of the virus epicentre Wuhan has now declined below the important threshold value of 1.0 since the disease emerged. Ongoing modelling will inform the transmission rates seen in the new epicentres outside of China, including Italy, Iran and South Korea."}, {"pmid": 32425338, "pmcid": "PMC7233216", "title": "Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19: Radiologic and clinical overview.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Behzad, Shima", "Aghaghazvini, Leila", "Radmard, Amir Reza", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425338", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is principally a respiratory illness and pulmonary manifestations constitute main presentations of the disease. According to the reported studies, SARS-CoV-2 infection is not limited to the respiratory system and other organs can be also affected. Renal dysfunction, gastrointestinal complications, liver dysfunction, cardiac manifestations, mediastinal findings, neurological abnormalities, and hematological manifestations are among the reported extrapulmonary features. Considering the broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and the increasing worldwide burden of the disease, there is an urgent need to rapidly scale up the diagnostic capacity to detect COVID-19 and its complications. This paper focuses on the most common extrapulmonary manifestations in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Further studies are needed to elaborate and confirm the causative relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and the reported extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32281231, "pmcid": "PMC7262126", "title": "Containing COVID-19 in the Emergency Department: The Role of Improved Case Detection and Segregation of Suspect Cases.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Wee, Liang E", "Fua, Tzay-Ping", "Chua, Ying Y", "Ho, Andrew F W", "Sim, Xiang Y J", "Conceicao, Edwin P", "Venkatachalam, Indumathi", "Tan, Kenneth B-K", "Tan, Ban H"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281231", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with COVID-19 may present with respiratory syndromes indistinguishable from common viruses. This poses a challenge for early detection during triage in the emergency department (ED). Over a 3-month period, our ED aimed to minimize nosocomial transmission by using broader suspect case criteria for better detection and using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for health care workers (HCWs). All ED admissions with respiratory syndromes over a 3-month period were tested for COVID-19. The sensitivity and specificity of screening criteria in detecting COVID-19 were assessed. A risk-stratified approach was adopted for PPE usage in the ED, based on high-risk \"fever areas\" and lower-risk zones. When a case of COVID-19 was confirmed, surveillance was conducted for potentially exposed patients and HCWs. A total of 1,841 cases presenting with respiratory syndromes required admission over the study period. Among these, 70 cases of COVID-19 were subsequently confirmed. The majority (84.2%, 59/70) were detected at ED triage because they fulfilled suspect case criteria. Of these, 34 met the official screening criteria; an additional 25 were detected by the broader internal screening criteria. Over the 12-week period, the cumulative sensitivity of internal screening criteria was 84.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a073.6% to 91.9%), whereas the sensitivity of the official screening criteria was 48.6% (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a036.4% to 60.8%). Given the broadened internal criteria, the preexisting ED \"fever area\" was insufficient and had to be expanded. However, there were no cases of nosocomial transmission from intra-ED exposure, despite extensive surveillance. Frontline physicians need to be given leeway to decide on the disposition of cases based on clinical suspicion during an ongoing outbreak of COVID-19. If a broader criterion is used at ED triage, ED facilities and isolation facilities need to be readied to accommodate a surge of suspect cases. Usage of appropriate PPE is essential in minimizing nosocomial transmission."}, {"pmid": 32376593, "pmcid": "PMC7167328", "title": "[Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole in heat-inactivated blood samples: its application during COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Zhao, Boxin", "Liu, Sijia", "Liu, Yuan", "Li, Guofeng", "Zhang, Qing"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376593", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the effect of heat inactivation (56\u2103for 30 min) of SARS-CoV-2 on the results of therapeuticdrug monitoring (TDM) of voriconazole by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We collected clinical blood samples from voriconazole-treated patients in heparinized tubes and sterilized the surface of the tubes with 75% ethanol. The whole blood samples were centrifuged to separate the plasma with or without prior heat inactivation, or only the separated plasma was heat inactivated. Heat inactivation of the samples was carried out at 56 \u2103 for 30 min followed by protein precipitation with acetonitrile or ethanol. The plasma standard and quality control samples were inactivated in an identical manner and tested with LC-MS/MS along with the treated samples. The optimized method showed a high imprecision (with mean intra- and inter-day imprecisions of 3.59% and 2.81%, respectively) and a high accuracy (mean 97.37%) for detecting voriconazole in the inactivated samples at different concentration levels. Sample preparation with acetonitrile or ethanol resulted in a high mean recovery (100.56% or 95.90%) with minimal mean matrix effect (102.85% or 93.62%). The measured voriconazole concentrations in inactivated whole blood, inactivated plasma and the samples without inactivation all showed good linear correlations with correlation coefficients all greater than 0.99. Heat inactivation at 56 \u2103 for 30 min combined with ethanol sample preparation only has limited effects to affect LC-MS-based voriconazole concentration measurement in whole blood samples collected in heparinized tubes, and can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32522473, "title": "Management of blood supply and demand during the COVID-19 pandemic in King Abdullah Hospital, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.", "journal": "Transfus Apher Sci", "authors": ["Yahia, Amar Ibrahim Omer"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522473", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Maintaining blood supply is essential since blood transfusions are lifesaving in many conditions. The 2003 infectious outbreak of SARS-CoV had a negative impact on blood supply. This study aimed to measure donor attendance and blood demand in order to help find efficient ways of managing blood supply and demand during the COVID-19 pandemic and similar public emergencies in the future. Data from donor attendance, mobile blood drives and blood inventory records were retrospectively obtained for the period between 1 September 2019 and 1 May 2020 to assess the impact of COVID-19 on donor attendance and the management of blood supply and demand in King Abdullah Hospital, Bisha, Saudi Arabia. Data were analysed using SPSSStatistics, version 25.0. Categorical variables were described using frequencies and percentages. After imported cases of COVID-19 were reported in Saudi Arabia, donor attendance and blood supply at blood bank-based collections showed a drop of 39.5%. On the other hand, blood demand during the same period was reduced by 21.7%. The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on donor attendance and blood supply and adversely affected blood transfusion services. Guidelines that prioritize blood transfusion should prepare at the beginning of emergencies similar to this pandemic. Close monitoring of blood needs and blood supply and appropriate response is essential for avoiding sudden blood shortage. An evidence-based emergency blood management plan and flexible regulatory policy should be ready to deal with any disaster and to respond quickly in the case of blood shortage."}, {"pmid": 32440020, "title": "How coronavirus dashed Ethiopia's dream of hosting Africa's first major AI conference.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Castelvecchi, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440020", "countries": ["Ethiopia"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393451, "title": "Covid-19: A view from New York.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Macklin, Ruth"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393451", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I live in New York City, identified as the epicenter of the Covid-19 pandemic. My view differs from that of many of the millions living in this large metropolitan area who are poor. I am not rich, but I am privileged: I have a retirement income for which I have saved all my working life and I have no debts. I am isolated in my apartment having food delivered. But what if I require hospitalization, from Covid-19 or another medical condition? New York State has guidelines for allocation of scarce ventilators in times of scarcity. The guidelines reject advanced age as a criterion for triage because it discriminates against the elderly. Other proposals contend that priority should be given to those who have not yet ;lived a full life. Allocation guidelines set a priority on saving the most lives, but hard choices remain within that broadly defined goal. Key words: Covid-19 pandemic, New York epicenter, resource allocation, age-based selection, shortage of ventilators, triage committee."}, {"pmid": 32516880, "title": "Changes in Gambling Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Web Survey Study in Sweden.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Hakansson, Anders"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516880", "countries": ["Sweden"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed everyday life, and policy makers have raised concerns about possible changes in gambling patterns during the pandemic. This study aimed to examine whether self-reported gambling has increased during the pandemic, and to examine potential correlates of such a change. This general population survey study in Sweden collected self-report data from 2016 web survey members (51 percent men, nine percent moderate-risk/problem gamblers). Correlates of increased gambling and increased gambling specifically due to COVID-19-related cancellation of sports were calculated. Four percent reported an overall gambling increase during the pandemic. The proportion of individuals reporting an increase, compared to individuals reporting a decrease, was markedly higher for online casinos (0.62), online horse betting (0.76) and online lotteries (0.73), and lower for sports betting (0.11). Overall, gambling increases were independently associated with gambling problems and increased alcohol consumption. In the sub-group, where there was an increase in specific gambling types in response to cancelled sports betting events, rates of gambling problems were high. In conclusion, only a minority report increased gambling in response to the pandemic, but this group has markedly higher gambling problems and changes in alcohol consumption, and may represent a sub-group with a particularly high vulnerability. This calls for preventive action in people with higher gambling risks in response to the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32427512, "title": "Covid-19 pandemic and Nepal.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Atreya, Alok", "Nepal, Binu"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427512", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174057, "pmcid": "PMC7183833", "title": "2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia with Hemoptysis as the Initial Symptom: CT and Clinical Features.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Shi, Fengxia", "Yu, Quanbo", "Huang, Wei", "Tan, Chaochao"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174057", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, some global cases of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia have been caused by second- or third-generation transmission of the viral infection, resulting in no traceable epidemiological history. Owing to the complications of COVID-19 pneumonia, the first symptom and imaging features of patients can be very atypical and early diagnosis of COVID-19 infections remains a challenge. It would aid radiologists and clinicians to be aware of the early atypical symptom and imaging features of the disease and contribute to the prevention of infected patients being missed."}, {"pmid": 32019667, "pmcid": "PMC7001240", "title": "Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) early-stage importation risk to Europe, January 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Pullano, Giulia", "Pinotti, Francesco", "Valdano, Eugenio", "Boelle, Pierre-Yves", "Poletto, Chiara", "Colizza, Vittoria"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32019667", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom", "France", "Germany"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As at 27 January 2020, 42 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases were confirmed outside China. We estimate the risk of case importation to Europe from affected areas in China via air travel. We consider travel restrictions in place, three reported cases in France, one in Germany. Estimated risk in Europe remains high. The United Kingdom, Germany and France are at highest risk. Importation from Beijing and Shanghai would lead to higher and widespread risk for Europe."}, {"pmid": 32440978, "pmcid": "PMC7240164", "title": "Telemedicine and technological devices for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["De Marchi, Fabiola", "Cantello, Roberto", "Ambrosini, Serena", "Mazzini, Letizia"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440978", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292624, "pmcid": "PMC7102584", "title": "Quantitative computed tomography analysis for stratifying the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Pharm Anal", "authors": ["Shen, Cong", "Yu, Nan", "Cai, Shubo", "Zhou, Jie", "Sheng, Jiexin", "Liu, Kang", "Zhou, Heping", "Guo, Youmin", "Niu, Gang"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292624", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine the feasibility of using a computer tool for stratifying the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on computed tomography (CT) images. We retrospectively examined 44 confirmed COVID-19 cases. All cases were evaluated separately by radiologists (visually) and through an in-house computer software. The degree of lesions was visually scored by the radiologist, as follows, for each of the 5 lung lobes: 0, no lesion present; 1, <1/3 involvement; 2, >1/3 and\u00a0<\u00a02/3 involvement; and 3, >2/3 involvement. Lesion density was assessed based on the proportion of ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation and fibrosis of the lesions. The parameters obtained using the computer tool included lung volume (mL), lesion volume (mL), lesion percentage (%), and mean lesion density (HU) of the whole lung, right lung, left lung, and each lobe. The scores obtained by the radiologists and quantitative results generated by the computer software were tested for correlation. A Chi-square test was used to test the consistency of radiologist- and computer-derived lesion percentage in the right/left lung, upper/lower lobe, and each of the 5 lobes. The results showed a strong to moderate correlation between lesion percentage scores obtained by radiologists and the computer software (r ranged from 0.7679 to 0.8373, P\u00a0<\u00a00.05), and a moderate correlation between the proportion of GGO and mean lesion density (r\u00a0=\u00a0-0.5894, P\u00a0<\u00a00.05), and proportion of consolidation and mean lesion density (r\u00a0=\u00a00.6282, P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Computer-aided quantification showed a statistical significant higher lesion percentage for lower lobes than that assessed by the radiologists (\u03c72\u00a0=\u00a08.160, P\u00a0=\u00a00.004). Our experiments demonstrated that the computer tool could reliably and accurately assess the severity and distribution of pneumonia on CT scans."}, {"pmid": 32479231, "title": "Rural Health, Behavioral Health, And More.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Weil, Alan R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479231", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374024, "title": "Polish Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics statement on safety measures and performance of ultrasound examinations in obstetrics and gynecology during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Ginekol Pol", "authors": ["Borowski, Dariusz", "Sieroszewski, Piotr", "Czuba, Bartosz", "Jaczynska, Renata", "Anna, Kajdy", "Kwiatkowski, Sebastian", "Wiechec, Marcin", "Nocun, Agnieszka", "Kaczmarek, Piotr", "Cnota, Wojciech", "Pietryga, Marek", "Basta, Pawel", "Kosinski, Przemyslaw", "Pomorski, Michal", "Rybak-Krzyszkowska, Magda", "Wegrzyn, Piotr", "Wielgos, Miroslaw", "Zimmer, Mariusz"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374024", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present recommendations on performance and safety measures of ultrasound examinations in obstetrics and gynecology during the SARS COV-2 pandemic. The statement was prepared based on the current knowledge on the coronavirus by the Ultrasound Section of the Polish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. It has to be noted that the presented guidance is based on limited evidence and is primarily based on experiences published by authors from areas most affected by the virus thus far, such as China, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Italy. We realize that the pandemic situation is very dynamic. New data is published every day. Despite the imposed limitations related to the necessity of social distancing, it is crucial to remember that providing optimal care in safe conditions should remain the primary goal of healthcare providers. We plan to update the current guidelines as the situation develops."}, {"pmid": 32467452, "title": "ORCHIEPIDIDYMITIS IN A BOY WITH COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Gagliardi, Luigi", "Bertacca, Carlo", "Centenari, Chiara", "Merusi, Ilaria", "Parolo, Eva", "Ragazzo, Vincenzo", "Tarabella, Vittorio"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467452", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms in children are incompletely described. We present the first case of orchiepididymitis associated with COVID-19 in a boy and discuss pathways of testicular involvement by SARS-CoV2 virus. This case underlines the need for further study of the clinical presentation of pediatric COVID-19 and the potential association with nonrespiratory symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32311324, "pmcid": "PMC7164849", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis for COVID-19 contacts in India.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rathi, Sahaj", "Ish, Pranav", "Kalantri, Ashwini", "Kalantri, Shriprakash"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311324", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422217, "pmcid": "PMC7227563", "title": "Spanish Dermatology in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Actas Dermosifiliogr", "authors": ["Romani, J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422217", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297078, "pmcid": "PMC7158752", "title": "Internal Hernia in the Times of COVID-19: to Laparoscope or Not to Laparoscope?", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Singhal, Rishi"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297078", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303592, "title": "Human leukocyte antigen susceptibility map for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Nguyen, Austin", "David, Julianne K", "Maden, Sean K", "Wood, Mary A", "Weeder, Benjamin R", "Nellore, Abhinav", "Thompson, Reid F"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303592", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Genetic variability across the three major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes (human leukocyte antigen [lsqb]HLA[rsqb] A, B, and C) may affect susceptibility to and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We execute a comprehensive in silico analysis of viral peptide-MHC class I binding affinity across 145 HLA -A, -B, and -C genotypes for all SARS-CoV-2 peptides. We further explore the potential for cross-protective immunity conferred by prior exposure to four common human coronaviruses. The SARS-CoV-2 proteome is successfully sampled and presented by a diversity of HLA alleles. However, we found that HLA-B*46:01 had the fewest predicted binding peptides for SARS-CoV-2, suggesting individuals with this allele may be particularly vulnerable to COVID-19, as they were previously shown to be for SARS (Lin M, Tseng H-K, Trejaut JA, Lee H-L, Loo J-H, Chu C-C, Chen P-J, Su Y-W, Lim KH, Tsai Z-U, Lin R-Y, Lin R-S, Huang C-H. BMC Med Genet 4:9. 2003.). Conversely, we found that HLA-B*15:03 showed the greatest capacity to present highly conserved SARS-CoV-2 peptides that are shared among common human coronaviruses, suggesting it could enable cross-protective T-cell based immunity. Finally, we report global distributions of HLA types with potential epidemiological ramifications in the setting of the current pandemic.IMPORTANCE Individual genetic variation may help to explain different immune responses to a virus across a population. In particular, understanding how variation in HLA may affect the course of COVID-19 could help identify individuals at higher risk from the disease. HLA typing can be fast and inexpensive. Pairing HLA typing with COVID-19 testing where feasible could improve assessment of viral severity in the population. Following the development of a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, individuals with high-risk HLA types could be prioritized for vaccination."}, {"pmid": 32127353, "title": "Covid-19: UK could delay non-urgent care and call doctors back from leave and retirement.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127353", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472897, "title": "We Know About COVID-19: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Survey.", "journal": "J Craniofac Surg", "authors": ["Costa, Samuel Macedo", "Lacerda, Guilherme Toledo de", "Villafort, Rayssa Nunes", "Silveira, Roger Lanes", "Amaral, Marcio Bruno Figueiredo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472897", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronav\u00edrus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a virus of mass dissemination, with an impact on international public health, leading to hospitalizations and death. The main symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, fatigue, dry cough; however, myalgia and dyspnea and the transmission routes include direct transmission by cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation, or contact transmission with the oral, nasal, or eye mucous membranes. The dental professionals are the main risk group to COVID-19 due to the transmission routes that are directly related to the dental practice. In addition, the oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS) are even more exposed, due to increased contact with the population in hospitals and emergency services. OMFS should be able to identify a suspected case of COVID-19, its symptoms, risk groups, disease severity, laboratorial and computed tomography alterations, and treatment guidelines. In the present study, the authors performed a nationwide survey with Brazilian OMFS to evaluate the knowledge of these professionals about the pandemic status of the COVID-19. A total of 142 OMFS replied the survey and the results brings light to an incomparable health public problem that the OMFS in Brazil are no able to protect itself, diagnose the suspicious and probable cases, request and interpret the correct laboratorial examinations for the treatment of the COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32526252, "title": "High rates of 30-day mortality in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Iavarone, Massimo", "D'Ambrosio, Roberta", "Soria, Alessandro", "Triolo, Michela", "Pugliese, Nicola", "Del Poggio, Paolo", "Perricone, Giovanni", "Massironi, Sara", "Spinetti, Angiola", "Buscarini, Elisabetta", "Vigano, Mauro", "Carriero, Canio", "Fagiuoli, Stefano", "Aghemo, Alessio", "Belli, Luca S", "Luca, Martina", "Pedaci, Marianna", "Rimondi, Alessandro", "Rumi, Maria Grazia", "Invernizzi, Pietro", "Bonfanti, Paolo", "Lampertico, Pietro"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526252", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a major worldwide threat for healthy individuals as well as for patients with comorbidities, but its impact on patients with cirrhosis is currently unknown. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on the clinical outcome of these patients. In this multicenter retrospective study, cirrhotic patients with confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were enrolled between 1st and 31th March 2020. Clinical and biochemical data at COVID-19 and at the last outpatient visit were obtained through review of medical records. Fifty cirrhotic patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled (age 67 years, 70% men, 38% virus-related, 52% previously compensated cirrhosis). At diagnosis, 64% of patients presented fever, 42% shortness of breath/polypnea, 22% encephalopathy, 96% needed hospitalization or prolonged an ongoing one. Respiratory-support was necessary in 71%, 52% received antivirals, 80% heparin. Serum albumin significantly decreased, while bilirubin, creatinine and prothrombin time significantly increased at COVID-19 diagnosis compared to last available data. The proportion of patients with MELD\u226515 increased from 13% to 26% (p=0.037), acute-on-chronic liver failure and and de novo acute liver injury occurred in 14 (28%) and 10 patients, respectively. Seventeen patients died after a median of 10 (4-13) days from COVID-19 diagnosis, with a 30-day-mortality rate of 34%. Severity of lung and liver (according to CLIF-C, CLIF-OF and MELD scores) diseases independently predicted mortality. Mortality was significantly higher in hospitalized cirrhotics with COVID-19 than in those hospitalized for bacterial infections. COVID-19 is associated with liver function deterioration and elevated mortality in cirrhotic patients."}, {"pmid": 32220181, "title": "[Clinical Study and CT Findings of a Familial Cluster of Pneumonia with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Li, Chen-Xi", "Wu, Bing", "Luo, Fan", "Zhang, Na"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220181", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We studied the epidemiological and clinical data collected from a family with 5 people, in which there were 3 family member diagnosed as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We found that the first patient in this family had Wuhan city travel history. Close contact in daily life was the route of infection. The most common symptoms were fever, cough and weakness. Characteristic imaging changes were found with grass opacity (GGO), consolidation and septal thickening mainly distributed in peripheral and posterior area by thoracic CT scan in the 3 patients. The abnormality in laborotary test included lower white blood cell count, neutrophil count and lymphocyte count\uff0cincreasing fibrinogen and C-reactive protein\uff0cdecreasing myohaemoglobin and increasing lactate dehydrogenase. The epidemiological and clinical features could provide quicker diagnosis and better management for the COVID-19 infected patients."}, {"pmid": 32313348, "pmcid": "PMC7164885", "title": "Nosocomial infections in psychiatric hospitals during the new coronavirus pneumonia outbreak.", "journal": "Eur J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Ji, Haifeng", "Li, Liu", "Huang, Tianming", "Zhu, Yuncheng"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313348", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since mid-December 2019, a new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has emerged in China. It was reported that Wuhan Mental Health Center in China was affected from the very beginning of the outbreak. Coincidentally, another large-scale nosocomial infection occurred at the psychiatric ward of the Daenam Hospital in South Korea. It is important for the policymakers to pay full attention on this aspect worldwide and corresponding prevention recommendations should be provided."}, {"pmid": 32525049, "title": "Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and COVID-19: Clinical characteristics from a case series.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Benger, Matthew", "Williams, Owain", "Siddiqui, Juveria", "Sztriha, Laszlo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525049", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431094, "pmcid": "PMC7267156", "title": "Balancing aesthetic and conventional dermatology practice in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Arora, Gulhima", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Arora, Sandeep"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431094", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392495, "pmcid": "PMC7207196", "title": "Hookah smoking and COVID-19: call for action.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Shekhar, Skand", "Hannah-Shmouni, Fady"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392495", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516279, "title": "Universal Testing for COVID-19 in Essential Orthopaedic Surgery Reveals a High Percentage of Asymptomatic Infections.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Gruskay, Jordan A", "Dvorzhinskiy, Aleksey", "Konnaris, Maxwell A", "LeBrun, Drake G", "Ghahramani, Gregory C", "Premkumar, Ajay", "DeFrancesco, Christopher J", "Mendias, Christopher L", "Ricci, William M"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516279", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The long incubation period and asymptomatic spread of COVID-19 present considerable challenges for health-care institutions. The identification of infected individuals is vital to prevent the spread of illness to staff and other patients as well as to identify those who may be at risk for disease-related complications. This is particularly relevant with the resumption of elective orthopaedic surgery around the world. We report the results of a universal testing protocol for COVID-19 in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery during the coronavirus pandemic and to describe the postoperative course of asymptomatic patients who were positive for COVID-19. A retrospective review of adult operative cases between March 25, 2020, and April 24, 2020, at an orthopaedic specialty hospital in New York City was performed. Initially, a screening questionnaire consisting of relevant signs and symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, shortness of breath) or exposure dictated the need for nasopharyngeal swab real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for all admitted patients. An institutional policy change occurred on April 5, 2020, that indicated nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR testing for all orthopaedic admissions. Screening and testing data for COVID-19 as well as relevant imaging, laboratory values, and postoperative complications were reviewed for all patients. From April 5, 2020, to April 24, 2020, 99 patients underwent routine nasopharyngeal swab testing for COVID-19 prior to their planned orthopaedic surgical procedure. Of the 12.1% of patients who tested positive for COVID-19, 58.3% were asymptomatic. Three asymptomatic patients developed postoperative hypoxia, with 2 requiring intubation. The negative predictive value of using the signs and symptoms of disease to predict a negative test result was 91.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81.0% to 97.1%). Including a positive chest radiographic finding as a screening criterion did not improve the negative predictive value of screening (92.5% [95% CI, 81.8% to 97.9%]). A protocol for universal testing of all orthopaedic surgery admissions at 1 hospital in New York City during a 3-week period revealed a high rate of COVID-19 infections. Importantly, the majority of these patients were asymptomatic. Using chest radiography did not significantly improve the negative predictive value of screening. These results have important implications as hospitals anticipate the resumption of elective surgical procedures. Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32247213, "pmcid": "PMC7102586", "title": "Contentious issues and evolving concepts in the clinical presentation and management of patients with COVID-19 infectionwith reference to use of therapeutic and other drugs used in Co-morbid diseases (Hypertension, diabetes etc).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Gupta, Ritesh", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247213", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Multiple issues in management of COVID have emerged, but confusion persists regarding rational interpretation. Aim of this brief review is to review these issues based on current literature. This is a narrative review with Pubmed and Google Scholar search till 23 March 2020. Search terms were, COVID-19, treatment of coronavirus, COVID 19 and following terms; chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ibuprofen, ACE-inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, cardiovascular disease, diarrhoea, liver, testis and gastrointestinal disease. We discuss evidence regarding role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treatment and prophylaxis, use of inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system, safety of ibuprofen, unusual clinical features like gastrointestinal symptoms and interpretation of tests for cardiac enzymes and biomarkers. While our conclusions on management of COVID-19 patients with co-morbidities are based on current evidence, however, data is limited and there is immediate need for fast track research."}, {"pmid": 32325710, "pmcid": "PMC7215540", "title": "The COVID-19 Outbreak and Affected Countries Stock Markets Response.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Liu, HaiYue", "Manzoor, Aqsa", "Wang, CangYu", "Zhang, Lei", "Manzoor, Zaira"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325710", "countries": ["Italy", "Singapore", "Germany", "Korea, Republic of", "Japan", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper evaluates the short-term impact of the coronavirus outbreak on 21 leading stock market indices in major affected countries including Japan, Korea, Singapore, the USA, Germany, Italy, and the UK etc. The consequences of infectious disease are considerable and have been directly affecting stock markets worldwide. Using an event study method, our results indicate that the stock markets in major affected countries and areas fell quickly after the virus outbreak. Countries in Asia experienced more negative abnormal returns as compared to other countries. Further panel fixed effect regressions also support the adverse effect of COVID-19 confirmed cases on stock indices abnormal returns through an effective channel by adding up investors' pessimistic sentiment on future returns and fears of uncertainties."}, {"pmid": 32240719, "pmcid": "PMC7195369", "title": "No evidence of rapid antiviral clearance or clinical benefit with the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients with severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Molina, J M", "Delaugerre, C", "Le Goff, J", "Mela-Lima, B", "Ponscarme, D", "Goldwirt, L", "de Castro, N"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240719", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236561, "pmcid": "PMC7184415", "title": "Combating COVID-19 with Chloroquine.", "journal": "J Mol Cell Biol", "authors": ["Hong, Wanjin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236561", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234338, "pmcid": "PMC7194899", "title": "Using psychoneuroimmunity against COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Kim, Sung-Wan", "Su, Kuan-Pin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234338", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises concerns of widespread panic and anxiety in individuals subjected to the real or perceived threat of the virus. Compared to general populations, patients who are institutionalized in a closed unit are also very vulnerable to COVID-19 infection and complications. This crisis touched on difficult issues of not only psychiatric care and ethics, but also psychological impacts to psychiatric care givers. In this Viewpoint, we address both physical and biopsychosocial aspects of this infection, as well as the psychoneuroimmunity of preventive strategies of healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, balanced nutrition, quality sleep and a strong connection with people. Social distancing and wearing masks might help us from pathogen exposure, yet such these measures also prevent us from expressing compassion and friendliness. Therefore, all forms of psychological support should be routinely implemented not only to consider psychological resilience but also to enhance psychoneuroimmunity against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32343454, "pmcid": "PMC7267671", "title": "Salivary gland disease in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Soldatova, Liuba", "Rassekh, Christopher H", "Baloch, Zubair W", "Jalaly, Jalal B", "Sedora-Roman, Neda I", "Loevner, Laurie L", "Cognetti, David M", "Witt, Robert L", "Dulguerov, Pavel"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343454", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced significant changes in current approach to outpatient evaluation of common otolaryngology complaints as hospitals around the world are trying to limit the spread of the virus and to preserve health care resources. These changes raise a lot of questions regarding patient triage and treatment decisions in clinical situations when it is unclear if the workup and management can be postponed. In this communication, we present our approach to evaluation and triage of new patients with complaints concerning for salivary gland disease."}, {"pmid": 32515387, "title": "Radiology of COVID-19 - Imaging the pulmonary damage.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Sohail, Saba"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515387", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A large part of the world is presently in the grip of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus), declared a pandemic in March 2020. This document is a brief commentary of the imaging modalities used in the screening, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 pneumonia. Chest x-rays, especially portable, still form a part of majority of official guidelines, with reports of the suggestive radiologic features. The potential of CT scan and ultrasound is also realised, with earlier detection rate. Typical radiologic findings of bilateral, asymmetrical, crazy-paved ground glass opacification, consolidation, reverse halo sign, opacities, progressing to fibrosis are well described for both the X-ray and CT scan. Atypical findings include airway changes, pleural effusion, pulmonary nodules and acute pulmonary embolism. Absence of lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion and pneumothorax is notable. The role of portable lung ultrasound, reported to be useful in emergency, is yet to be established in the guidelines. Disinfection of the equipment is a major concern. Governmental guidelines still advocate X-ray despite professional societies increasingly recommending CT scan."}, {"pmid": 32421098, "pmcid": "PMC7224345", "title": "Reflections on the impact of \"flatten the curve\" on interdependent workforce sectors.", "journal": "Environ Syst Decis", "authors": ["Santos, Joost"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421098", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The expression \"flatten the curve\" has gained significant attention in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The idea is to decrease and/or delay the peak of an epidemic wave so as not to strain or exceed the capacity of healthcare systems. There has been an increasing number of policy recommendations across the globe that favor the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to flatten the curve. NPIs encompass containment, suppression, and mitigation measures such as quarantine, travel restrictions, and business closures. This paper provides perspectives on the impact of containment, suppression, and mitigation measures on interdependent workforce sectors. Reflections on the trade-offs between flattening the curve versus personal liberty and socioeconomic disparities are also presented in this paper."}, {"pmid": 32275178, "pmcid": "PMC7200864", "title": "Harnessing innate immunity to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 and ameliorate COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "Physiol Genomics", "authors": ["Golonka, Rachel M", "Saha, Piu", "Yeoh, Beng San", "Chattopadhyay, Saurabh", "Gewirtz, Andrew T", "Joe, Bina", "Vijay-Kumar, Matam"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275178", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406576, "pmcid": "PMC7272841", "title": "Serum amyloid A is a predictor for prognosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Mo, Xiao-Neng", "Su, Zhu-Quan", "Lei, Chun-Liang", "Chen, Di-Fei", "Peng, Hui", "Chen, Ru-Chong", "Sang, Ling", "Wu, Hong-Kai", "Li, Shi-Yue"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406576", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32141058, "title": "Emergency management for preventing and controlling nosocomial infection of the 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for the dermatology department.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Tao, J", "Song, Z", "Yang, L", "Huang, C", "Feng, A", "Man, X"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32141058", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496236, "title": "Community preparedness for COVID-19 and frontline health workers in Chhattisgarh.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Prabir Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496236", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of April 2020, there had already been three million cases of COVID-19 in the world pandemic. Chhattisgarh might expect 90,000 diagnosed cases of COVID-19 in the end. The first step taken in March was to ensure a simple checklist of activities that needed to continue. Handbills were given with the basic information on the symptoms and what to do in the community. In urban areas, the lockdown affected the poorer section of the society, especially who are not having BPL card and no other means of availing necessary eatables. Issues that arose affecting regular activities such as tuberculosis and immunization. Residents of informal settlements are also vulnerable during any COVID-19 responses. Frontline workers such as Mitanins in the community are an important asset in the capacity building and preparedness strategies."}, {"pmid": 32362420, "pmcid": "PMC7186199", "title": "In COVID-19 response to Congress & Administration, AGS calls for access to medical supplies, telehealth, among other needs.", "journal": "Geriatr Nurs", "authors": ["Medina-Walpole, Annie"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362420", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525973, "title": "Approach to the Patient with Thyrotoxicosis Using Telemedicine.", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Griffith, Michelle L", "Bischoff, Lindsay A", "Baum, Howard B A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525973", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The potential for endocrine care via telemedicine has been recognized since the early 2000s when clinical outcome data demonstrated improvements in glycemic control with telemedicine. The widespread use of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic has pushed telemedicine beyond diabetes care and into clinical areas with a paucity of published data. The evaluation and treatment of thyrotoxicosis heavily relies on laboratory assessment and imaging with physical exam playing a role to help differentiate the etiology and assess the severity of thyrotoxicosis. We describe a patient presenting for evaluation of new thyrotoxicosis via telemedicine, and describe modifications to consider for thorough, safe evaluation via telemedicine. Telemedicine may be an ideal way to assess and treat patients with thyrotoxicosis who are not able to physically attend a visit with an endocrinologist but still have access to a laboratory for blood draws. Potential challenges include access to imaging and high-volume surgeons if needed. Clinical and economic outcomes of telemedicine care of thyrotoxicosis should be studied so that standards of care for endocrine telemedicine can be established."}, {"pmid": 32389893, "pmcid": "PMC7179494", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in neurology and neurosurgery: A scoping review of the early literature.", "journal": "Clin Neurol Neurosurg", "authors": ["Wilson, Mitchell P", "Jack, Andrew S"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389893", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a devastating respiratory illness that has dramatically changed the medical landscape around the world. In parallel with a rise in the number of cases globally, the COVID-19 literature has rapidly expanded with experts around the world disseminating knowledge and collaborating on best practices. To date, the literature has predominantly consisted of case reports, case series, and systemic protocols for dealing with this deadly disease from a plethora of specialties with larger observational and randomized studies only now starting to emerge. This scoping review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Library aims to evaluate and summarize the current status of the COVID-19 literature at it applies to neurology and neurosurgery. Neurological symptomatology, neurological risk factors for poor prognosis, pathophysiology for neuroinvasion, and actions taken by neurological or neurosurgical services to manage the current COVID-19 crisis are reviewed."}, {"pmid": 32304973, "pmcid": "PMC7195141", "title": "Evaluation of the lockdowns for the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Italy and Spain after one month follow up.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Tobias, Aurelio"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304973", "countries": ["Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From the end of February, the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Spain has been following the footsteps of that in Italy very closely. We have analyzed the trends of incident cases, deaths, and intensive care unit admissions (ICU) in both countries before and after their respective national lockdowns using an interrupted time-series design. Data was analyzed with quasi-Poisson regression using an interaction model to estimate the change in trends. After the first lockdown, incidence trends were considerably reduced in both countries. However, although the slopes have been flattened for all outcomes, the trends kept rising. During the second lockdown, implementing more restrictive measures for mobility, it has been a change in the trend slopes for both countries in daily incident cases and ICUs. This improvement indicates that the efforts overtaken are being successful in flattening the epidemic curve, and reinforcing the belief that we must hold on."}, {"pmid": 32314345, "pmcid": "PMC7264651", "title": "Response of a tertiary dermatology department to COVID-19.", "journal": "Australas J Dermatol", "authors": ["Der Sarkissian, Samuel", "Tjokrowidjaja, Angelica", "Sebaratnam, Deshan F", "Gupta, Monisha"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314345", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32112859, "pmcid": "PMC7130091", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak and implications for the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gallego, Viviana", "Nishiura, Hiroshi", "Sah, Ranjit", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112859", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472126, "title": "Towards a better case fatality estimate for SARS-CoV-2 during the early phase of the United States outbreak.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Faust, Jeremy Samuel"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472126", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391673, "title": "[Anesthesia management in cesarean section for patient with COVID-19: a case report].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Kang, Xianhui", "Zhang, Rong", "He, Huiliang", "Yao, Yongxing", "Zheng, Yueying", "Wen, Xiaohong", "Zhu, Shengmei"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391673", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the cardio-pulmonary function of pregnant women, the anesthetic management and protection of medical staff in the cesarean section is significantly different from that in ordinary surgical operation. This paper reports a case of cesarean section for a woman with COVID-19, which was successfully performed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine on February 8, 2020. Anesthetic management, protection of medical staff and psychological intervention for the pregnant woman during the operation were discussed. Importance has been attached to the preoperative evaluation of pregnant women with COVID-19 and the implementation of anesthesia plan. For moderate patients, intraspinal anesthesia is preferred in cesarean section, and try to reduce its influence in respiration and circulation in both maternal and infant; general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation should be adopted for severe or critically ill patients. Ensure the safety of medical environment, and anesthetists should carry out level-\u2162 standard protection. Special attention and support should be paid to maternal psychology: fully explanation before operation to reduce anxiety; relieve the discomfort during operation, so as to reduce tension; avoid the bad mood due to pain after operation."}, {"pmid": 32296828, "pmcid": "PMC7184395", "title": "Potential Neurologic and Oncologic Implications of the Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "Neuro Oncol", "authors": ["Aaroe, Ashley", "Majd, Nazanin", "Weathers, Shiao-Pei", "de Groot, John"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296828", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238224, "pmcid": "PMC7204570", "title": "The Importance of Diagnostic Testing during a Viral Pandemic: Early Lessons from Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Rosenthal, Philip J"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238224", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469194, "title": "Whole-Process Emergency Training of Personal Protective Equipment Helps Healthcare Workers Against COVID-19: Design and Effect.", "journal": "J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Tan, Wenhui", "Ye, Yuying", "Yang, Yijing", "Chen, Zhu", "Yang, Xinglong", "Zhu, Caizhong", "Chen, Dong", "Tan, Junyuan", "Zhen, Cheng"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To develop an emergency training program of personal protective equipment (PPE) for general healthcare workers (HCWs) who may be under the threat of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and evaluate the effect of the program. A three-stage training program was designed. The complete clinical workflow together with infectious disease ward was simulated. To verify the effect of the program, an experimental training with pre- and post-test was conducted before large-scale training. Post-test scores were significantly improved when compared with the pre-test scores. Among all PPE, N95 respirator and protective coverall needed training most. Meanwhile, \"proficiency level\" and \"mutual check & help\" also needed to be strengthened as independent scoring points. This training program significantly improved the performances of participants. It may therefore be applied for general HCWs on a larger scale."}, {"pmid": 32445881, "pmcid": "PMC7238991", "title": "Arbidol/IFN-alpha2b therapy for patients with corona virus disease 2019: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Xu, Ping", "Huang, Jianping", "Fan, Zhao", "Huang, Wendi", "Qi, Minghua", "Lin, Xuwen", "Song, Weidong", "Yi, Li"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445881", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of COVID-19 is accelerating. At present, there is no specific antiviral drugs for COVID-19 outbreak. This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection pneumonia from 3 hospitals in Hubei and Guangdong province, 141 adults (aged \u226518 years) without ventilation were included. Combined group patients were given Arbidol and IFN-\u03b12b, monotherapy group patients inhaled IFN-\u03b12b for 10-14 days. Of 141 COVID-19 patients, baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were similar between combined group and monotherapy group, that 30% of the patients leucocytes counts were below the normal range and 36.4% of the patients experienced lymphocytopenia. The duration of viral RNA of respiratory tract in the monotherapy group was not longer than that in the combined therapy group. There was no significant differences between two groups. The absorption of pneumonia in the combined group was faster than that in the monotherapy group. We inferred that Arbidol/IFN - 2\u00a0b therapy can be used as an effective method to improve the COVID-19 pneumonia of mild patients, although it helpless with accelerating the virus clearance. These results should be verified in a larger prospective randomized environment."}, {"pmid": 32157862, "pmcid": "PMC7161622", "title": "CT Manifestations of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia: A Case Report", "journal": "Balkan Med J", "authors": ["An, Peng", "Song, Ping", "Lian, Kai", "Wang, Yong"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157862", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus has impacted nearly >90,000 people in more than 75 countries. In this case report, we aim to define the chest computed tomography findings of 2019-novel coronavirus associated with pneumonia and its successful resolution after treatment. A fifty-year-old female patient, who is a businesswoman, presented with chief complaints of \u201cfever for one week, diarrhea, anorexia, and asthenia.\u201d Initially, she was given Tamiflu. The influenza A virus serology was negative. Three days later, levofloxacin was started because the patient\u2019s symptoms did not improve. The novel coronavirus nucleic acid test was negative. It was noted that before the onset of the disease, the patient went to Wuhan on a business trip. Despite the given treatment, her body temperature rose to 39.2\u00b0C and she was referred to our clinic for further evaluation. Then, chest computed tomography was performed and showed bilateral multifocal ground glass opacities with consolidation which suggested viral pneumonia as a differential diagnosis, and the subsequent 2019-novel coronavirus pneumonia nucleic acid test was positive. Chest computed tomography offers fast and convenient evaluation of patients with suspected 2019-novel coronavirus pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32527713, "title": "In Silico computational screening of Kabasura Kudineer - Official Siddha Formulation and JACOM against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.", "journal": "J Ayurveda Integr Med", "authors": ["Kiran, Gangarapu", "Karthik, L", "Shree Devi, M S", "Sathiyarajeswaran, P", "Kanakavalli, K", "Kumar, K M", "Ramesh Kumar, D"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527713", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Siddha Medicine is a valuable therapeutic choice which is classically used for treating viral respiratory infections, this principle of medicine is proven to contain antiviral compounds. The study is aimed to execute the In Silico computational studies of phytoconstituents of Siddha official formulation Kabasura Kudineer and novel herbal preparation - JACOM which are commonly used in treating viral fever and respiratory infectious diseases and could be affective against the ongoing pandemic novel corona virus disease SARS-CoV-2. Cresset Flare software was used for molecular docking studies against the spike protein SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: 6VSB). Further, we also conducted insilico prediction studies on the pharmacokinetics (ADME) properties and the safety profile in order to identify the best drug candidates by using online pkCSM and SwissADME web servers. Totally 37 compounds were screened, of these 9 compounds showed high binding affinity against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. All the phytoconstituents were free from carcinogenic and tumorigenic properties. Based on these, we proposed the new formulation called as \"SNACK-V\" CONCLUSION: Based on further experiments and clinical trials, these formulations could be used for effective treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32220654, "pmcid": "PMC7194558", "title": "COVID-19: extending or relaxing distancing control measures.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Colbourn, Tim"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220654", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313822, "pmcid": "PMC7166095", "title": "Recent apprise on coronavirus and its terrible insinuations.", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Bhattacharya, Sankha", "Sharma, Priyanka", "Mathur, Harshita", "Rasheed, Haamid", "Singh, Saranjit", "Rajput, Geeta", "Agnihotri, Suyash", "Nirmal, Puneet", "Kaur, Sukhbir"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313822", "countries": ["China", "India", "Japan", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epidemically increased evidence reveals that the link between the 2019-nCoV and other similar strain of coronaviruses circulating in bats and specifically the Rhinopodous bat sub-species. These sub-species are ample and widely present in Southern China, Middle East Africa and Europe. Recent studies show that more than 500 CoV have been identified in bats in China. The Center for Diseases Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization maintains a website that is updated frequently with new cases of MERS-CoV infection. As per WHO Situation report 16th, 24,554 number of cases confirmed globally out of which 99.22% cases from china. A new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is causing respiratory syndrome mostly in Hubei Province, China. Corona Virus spread over 24 countries including Japan, India, Korea, and other countries 2019-CoV infection vary from mild, moderate or severe illness; the later includes severe pneumonia, ARDS, sepsis and septic shock. There are two diagnostic tests for coronavirus infection i.e. molecular test and serology test. In this review article there are the various recent cases of the patients that are suffering from the corona virus, the outcome of these studies is that corona virus infection is an epidemic disease which affects Central Nervous System (CNS)."}, {"pmid": 32242886, "title": "The Dilemma of Coronavirus Disease 2019, Aging, and Cardiovascular Disease: Insights From Cardiovascular Aging Science.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["AlGhatrif, Majd", "Cingolani, Oscar", "Lakatta, Edward G"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242886", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284224, "pmcid": "PMC7138180", "title": "Kidney International and the COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Rovin, Brad H", "Ronco, Pierre"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284224", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532947, "title": "Cognitive load and performance of health care professionals in donning and doffing PPE before and after a simulation-based educational intervention and its implications during the COVID-19 pandemic for biosafety.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Diaz-Guio, Diego Andres", "Ricardo-Zapata, Alejandra", "Ospina-Velez, Jeniffer", "Gomez-Candamil, Gabriel", "Mora-Martinez, Santiago", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532947", "countries": ["Colombia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is essential to avoid the COVID-19 spread to health care workers. Its use can be difficult, posing a high risk of contamination, mainly during doffing, then with the risk of becoming infected. We conducted a prospective before-and-after design that used clinical simulation as a research methodology in a clinical simulation center of Colombia. A simulation-based educational intervention with two cases related to COVID-19 was proposed in the emergency room and the intensive care unit. We conducted A workshop for donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) and a debriefing after the first case. In the pre-test, 100% of participants failed donning and doffing PPE, 98.4% were contaminated, only one-person did not contaminate out of. The mean cognitive load was high (7.43\u00b10.9 points). In the post-test, 100% were successful in donning the PPE and 94.8% in doffing; only 9.8% were contaminated. The mean of the cognitive load was low (4.1\u00b11.4 points), and the performance was high (7.9\u00b11.1). Of the total, 73.8% of participants reported overload in the doffing. The most difficulties were in gown/overall, and N95 mask removal. The PPE donning and doffing is critical and may be changed significantly by active training. In responding to the current COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, activities of training in donning and doffing PPE would provide a means of training personnel, reducing the cognitive load and maybe the risk of contamination and infection of health care workers."}, {"pmid": 32523134, "title": "Patient care protocols in cardiac catheterization rooms during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Eid-Lidt, Guering", "Cortes-Lawrenz, Jorge", "Lopez-Cuellar, Julio", "Leiva-Pons, Jose L", "Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A", "Farjat-Pasos, Julio I", "Garcia-Alcantara, Juan A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313872, "pmcid": "PMC7164882", "title": "COVID-19 convalescent plasma transfusion.", "journal": "Hematol Transfus Cell Ther", "authors": ["Langhi, Dante Mario Junior", "Santis, Gil Cunha De", "Bordin, Jose Orlando"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313872", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329380, "pmcid": "PMC7196919", "title": "Adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) as a new regenerative immediate therapy combating coronavirus (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia.", "journal": "Expert Opin Biol Ther", "authors": ["Gentile, Pietro", "Sterodimas, Aris"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329380", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217707, "title": "With COVID-19, modeling takes on life and death importance.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Enserink, Martin", "Kupferschmidt, Kai"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217707", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250170, "pmcid": "PMC7157952", "title": "Will plant-made biopharmaceuticals play a role in the fight against COVID-19?", "journal": "Expert Opin Biol Ther", "authors": ["Rosales-Mendoza, Sergio"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250170", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the dramatic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to divulge all the available technologies with the potential to fight against this virus. Plant biotechnology offers potential solutions to this pandemic through the development of low-cost vaccines and antibodies useful for therapy, prophylaxis, and diagnosis. The technology to produce plant-made biopharmaceuticals is already established; two examples of these are: a therapeutic enzyme that has entered the market and the influenza vaccines that are currently under clinical trials with encouraging results. Thus far, some companies have started developing anti-COVID-19 antibodies and vaccines. In particular, plant-made antibodies might be timely produced and approved for human use in the short term, while the development of vaccines will take longer time (clinical evaluations could be concluded by the end of 2021); nonetheless, the candidates obtained will be valuable tools for future outbreaks. The key aspects that will define the exploitation of this technology in the fight against COVID-19 are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32401844, "title": "COVID-19: Updated Data and its Relation to the Cardiovascular System.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Ferrari, Filipe"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401844", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new human coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization, emerged in the city of Wuhan, China. Spreading globally, it is now considered pandemic, with approximately 3 million cases worldwide at the end of April. Its symptoms include fever, cough, and headache, but the main one is shortness of breath. In turn, it is believed that there is a relationship between COVID-19 and damage to the heart muscle, and hypertensive and diabetic patients, for example, seem to have worse prognosis. Therefore, COVID-19 may worsen in individuals with underlying adverse conditions, and a not negligible number of patients hospitalized with this virus had cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases. Systemic inflammatory response and immune system disorders during disease progression may be behind this association. In addition, the virus uses angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) receptors, more precisely ACE2, to penetrate the cell; therefore, the use of ACE inhibitor drugs and angiotensin receptor blockers could cause an increase in these receptors, thus facilitating the entry of the virus into the cell. There is, however, no scientific evidence to support the interruption of these drugs. Since they are fundamental for certain chronic diseases, the risk and benefit of their withdrawal in this scenario should be carefully weighed. Finally, cardiologists and health professionals should be aware of the risks of infection and protect themselves as much as possible, sleeping properly and avoiding long working hours."}, {"pmid": 32522226, "title": "Low molecular weight heparins in COVID-19 patients: beware of augmented renal clearance!", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Tomasa-Irriguible, Teresa Maria", "Martinez-Vega, Sergi", "Mor-Marco, Ester", "Herraiz-Ruiz, Alba", "Raguer-Pardo, Laura", "Cubells-Larrosa, Carlos"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522226", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476032, "title": "A Tribute to Frontline Health Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Crit Care Nurse", "authors": ["Bourgault, Annette M"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476032", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32228737, "pmcid": "PMC7163186", "title": "COVID-19 disease emergency operational instructions for Mental Health Departments issued by the Italian Society of Epidemiological Psychiatry.", "journal": "Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci", "authors": ["Starace, Fabrizio", "Ferrara, Maria"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228737", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the current COVID-19 disease emergency, it is not only an ethical imperative but also a public health responsibility to keep the network of community psychiatry services operational, particularly for the most vulnerable subjects (those with mental illness, disability, and chronic conditions). At the same time, it is necessary to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 disease within the outpatient and inpatient services affiliated with Mental Health Departments. These instructions, first published online on 16 March 2020 in their original Italian version, provide a detailed description of actions, proposed by the Italian Society of Epidemiological Psychiatry, addressed to Italian Mental Health Departments during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The overall goal of the operational instructions is to guarantee, during the current health emergency, the provision of the best health care possible, taking into account both public health necessities and the safety of procedures. These instructions could represent a useful resource to mental health providers, and stakeholders to face the current pandemic for which most of Mental Health Departments worldwide are not prepared to. These instructions could provide guidance and offer practical tools which can enable professionals and decision makers to foresee challenges, like those already experienced in Italy, which in part can be avoided or minimised if timely planned. These strategies can be shared and adopted, with the appropriate adjustments, by Mental Health Departments in other countries."}, {"pmid": 32281268, "pmcid": "PMC7205832", "title": "G6PD and chloroquine: Selecting the treatment against SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "J Cell Mol Med", "authors": ["Kassi, Eva N", "Papavassiliou, Kostas A", "Papavassiliou, Athanasios G"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281268", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479796, "pmcid": "PMC7247518", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Videoconferencing, and Gender.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Wang, Sherry S", "Roubidoux, Marilyn A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479796", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359847, "pmcid": "PMC7184022", "title": "Challenges and Consequences of COVID-19 in the Management of Anorectal Cancer: Coming Together Through Social Distancing.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["O'Cathail, S M", "Gilbert, D C", "Sebag-Montefiore, D", "Muirhead, R"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359847", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439723, "title": "Covid-19: Each discarded face mask is a potential biohazard.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bamber, James H", "Christmas, Tracey"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439723", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436996, "title": "The value of clinical parameters in predicting the severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Shang, Weifeng", "Dong, Junwu", "Ren, Yali", "Tian, Ming", "Li, Wei", "Hu, Jianwu", "Li, Yuanyuan"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436996", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study the relationship between clinical indexes and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to explore its role in predicting the severity of COVID-19. Clinical data of 443 patients with COVID-19 admitted to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, which were divided into nonsevere group (n\u2009=\u2009304) and severe group (n\u2009=\u2009139) according to their condition. Clinical indicators were compared between different groups. The differences in sex, age, the proportion of patients with combined heart disease, leukocyte, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, and albumin on admission between the two groups were statistically significant (P\u2009\u2009<\u2009\u2009.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed NLR and CRP were independent risk factors for severe COVID-19. Platelets were independent protective factors for severe COVID-19. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated area under the curve of NLR, platelet, CRP, and combination was 0.737, 0.634, 0.734, and 0.774, respectively. NLR, CRP, and platelets can effectively assess the severity of COVID-19, among which NLR is the best predictor of severe COVID-19, and the combination of three clinical indicators can further predict severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32302989, "pmcid": "PMC7164398", "title": "Editorial. COVID-19 and spinal surgery.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Spine", "authors": ["Ghogawala, Zoher", "Kurpad, Shekar", "Falavigna, Asdrubal", "Groff, Michael W", "Sciubba, Daniel M", "Wu, Jau-Ching", "Park, Paul", "Berven, Sigurd", "Hoh, Daniel J", "Bisson, Erica F", "Steinmetz, Michael P", "Wang, Marjorie C", "Chou, Dean", "Sansur, Charles A", "Smith, Justin S", "Tumialan, Luis M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302989", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470515, "pmcid": "PMC7250557", "title": "Ramipril in High Risk Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Amat-Santos, Ignacio J", "Santos-Martinez, Sandra", "Lopez-Otero, Diego", "Nombela-Franco, Luis", "Gutierrez-Ibanes, Enrique", "Del Valle, Raquel", "Munoz-Garcia, Erika", "Jimenez-Diaz, Victor A", "Regueiro, Ander", "Gonzalez-Ferreiro, Rocio", "Benito, Tomas", "Sanmartin-Pena, Xoan Carlos", "Catala, Pablo", "Rodriguez-Gabella, Tania", "Delgado-Arana, Jose Raul", "Carrasco-Moraleja, Manuel", "Ibanez, Borja", "San Roman, J Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470515", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV2 that interfaces with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2). This interaction has been proposed as a potential risk factor in patients treated with RAAS-inhibitors. To analyze if RAAS-inhibitors modify the risk for COVID-19. RASTAVI (NCT03201185) is an ongoing randomized clinical trial randomly allocating Ramipril or control after successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement at 14 centers is Spain. We performed a non-pre-specified interim analysis to evaluate its impact on COVID-19 risk in this vulnerable population. As in April 1st 2020, 102 patients (50 Ramipril and 52 controls) were included in the trial. Mean age was 82.3\u00b16.1 years, 56.9% males. Median time of Ramipril treatment was 6 months [IQR:2.9-11.4]. Eleven patients (10.8%) have been diagnosed with COVID-19 (6 in control group and 5 receiving Ramipril, HR=1.150 [95%CI: 0.351-3.768]). The risk of COVID-19 was increased in older patients (p=0.019), those with atrial fibrillation (p=0.066), lower hematocrit (p=0.084), and more comorbidities according to Society of thoracic surgeons score (p=0.065). Admission and oxygen supply was required in 4.9% (2 patients in the Ramipril and 3 in control), and 4 of them died (two in each randomized group). A higher body mass index was the only factor increasing the mortality rate (p=0.039). In a high risk population of old patients with cardiovascular disease, randomization to Ramipril had no impact in the incidence or severity of COVID-19. This analysis supports the maintenance of RAAS-inhibitor treatment during COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32520108, "title": "Evolution of indicators and service capacity at the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic in Northeast Brazil, 2020.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Marinelli, Natalia Pereira", "Albuquerque, Layana Pacheco de Araujo", "Sousa, Isaura Danielli Borges de", "Batista, Francisca Miriane de Araujo", "Mascarenhas, Marcio Denis Medeiros", "Rodrigues, Malvina Thais Pacheco"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520108", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "to describe the evolution of indicators and capacity for health care in the initial phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Northeast region of Brazil. this was a descriptive study based on COVID-19 case epidemiological bulletins released by the Ministry of Health up until April 1st, 2020. The incidence rate, lethality and number of cumulative daily cases were calculated. 1,005 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were identified, most of them in Cear\u00e1 and Bahia states. The incidence rate was 1.8/100,000 inhabitants and lethality was 2.7%. Cear\u00e1 was the state with the highest number of cases, with 29.6 new cases per day on average. Average intensive care bed availability in the Northeast region (1.04/10,000 inhab.) was below the national average (2.8/10,000 inhab.). the indicators suggest that COVID-19 impact is heterogeneous and signal the challenges for health systems in the Northeast Region."}, {"pmid": 32395920, "title": "Emergency services and the fight against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Emergencias", "authors": ["Gonzalez Armengol, Juan", "Vazquez Lima, Tato"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395920", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434872, "title": "Covid-19: face masks could foster distrust and blame.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["King, Frances M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434872", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422983, "title": "No Autopsies on COVID-19 Deaths: A Missed Opportunity and the Lockdown of Science.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Salerno, Monica", "Sessa, Francesco", "Piscopo, Amalia", "Montana, Angelo", "Torrisi, Marco", "Patane, Federico", "Murabito, Paolo", "Volti, Giovanni Li", "Pomara, Cristoforo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422983", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of COVID-19 infection, which started in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019, is an ongoing challenge and a significant threat to public health requiring surveillance, prompt diagnosis, and research efforts to understand a new, emergent, and unknown pathogen and to develop effective therapies. Despite the increasing number of published studies on COVID-19, in all the examined studies the lack of a well-defined pathophysiology of death among patients who died following COVID-19 infection is evident. Autopsy should be considered mandatory to define the exact cause of death, thus providing useful clinical and epidemiologic information as well as pathophysiological insights to further provide therapeutic tools. A literature review was performed on PubMed database, using the key terms: \"COVID-19\", \"nCov 19\", and \"Sars Cov 2\". 9709 articles were retrieved; by excluding all duplicated articles, additional criteria were then applied: articles or abstracts in English and articles containing one of the following words: \"death\", \"died\", \"comorbidity\", \"cause of death\", \"biopsy\", \"autopsy\", or \"pathological\". A total of 50 articles met the inclusion criteria. However, only 7 of these studies reported autopsy-based data. The analysis of the main data from the selected studies concerns the complete analysis of 12,954 patients, of whom 2269 died (with a mortality rate of 17.52%). Laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection was obtained in all cases and comorbidities were fully reported in 46 studies. The most common comorbidities were: cardiovascular diseases (hypertension and coronary artery disease), metabolic disorders (diabetes, overweight, or obesity), respiratory disorders (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and cancer. The most common reported complications were: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney injury, cardiac injury, liver insufficiency, and septic shock. Only 7 papers reported histological investigations. Nevertheless, only two complete autopsies are described and the cause of death was listed as COVID-19 in only one of them. The lack of postmortem investigation did not allow a definition of the exact cause of death to determine the pathways of this infection. Based on the few histopathological findings reported in the analyzed studies, it seems to be a clear alteration of the coagulation system: frequently prothrombotic activity with consequent thromboembolism was described in COVID-19 patients. As a scientific community, we are called on to face this global threat, and to defeat it with all the available tools necessary. Despite the improvement and reinforcement of any method of study in every field of medicine and science, encouraging the autopsy practice as a tool of investigation could also therefore, help physicians to define an effective treatment to reduce mortality."}, {"pmid": 32292249, "pmcid": "PMC7125051", "title": "A strategic health initiative: context for Coronavirus.", "journal": "AI Soc", "authors": ["Ennals, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292249", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276093, "pmcid": "PMC7141552", "title": "Palliative Care in the Time of COVID-19: Reflections From the Frontline.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Koh, Mervyn Y H"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276093", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409698, "title": "Governments cannot just 'follow the science' on COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Stevens, Alex"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409698", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414675, "pmcid": "PMC7214331", "title": "Problems related with anticoagulant usage during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord", "authors": ["Doganci, Suat", "Yildirim, Alperen Kutay"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483909, "title": "Renal Infarct in a COVID-19 Positive Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Recipient.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Xu, Jieqing Jessica", "Samaha, Daniel", "Mondhe, Suhas", "Massicotte-Azarniouch, David", "Knoll, Gregory", "Ruzicka, Marcel"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483909", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased risk of thromboembolic events, but the extent and duration of this hypercoagulable state remains unknown. We describe the first case report of renal allograft infarction in a 46-year-old kidney-pancreas transplant recipient with no prior history of thromboembolism, who presented 26 days after diagnosis of COVID-19. At the time of renal infarct, he was COVID-19 symptom free and repeat test for SARS-CoV-2 was negative. This case report suggests that a hypercoagulable state may persist even after resolution of COVID-19. Further studies are required to determine thromboprophylaxis indications and duration in solid organ transplant recipients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32451808, "pmcid": "PMC7247866", "title": "Role of biological Data Mining and Machine Learning Techniques in Detecting and Diagnosing the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Systematic Review.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Albahri, A S", "Hamid, Rula A", "Alwan, Jwan K", "Al-Qays, Z T", "Zaidan, A A", "Zaidan, B B", "Albahri, A O S", "AlAmoodi, A H", "Khlaf, Jamal Mawlood", "Almahdi, E M", "Thabet, Eman", "Hadi, Suha M", "Mohammed, K I", "Alsalem, M A", "Al-Obaidi, Jameel R", "Madhloom, H T"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451808", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of viruses that are common in many animal species, including camels, cattle, cats and bats. Animal CoVs, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, and the new virus named SARS-CoV-2, rarely infect and spread among humans. On January 30, 2020, the International Health Regulations Emergency Committee of the World Health Organisation declared the outbreak of the resulting disease from this new CoV called 'COVID-19', as a 'public health emergency of international concern'. This global pandemic has affected almost the whole planet and caused the death of more than 315,131 patients as of the date of this article. In this context, publishers, journals and researchers are urged to research different domains and stop the spread of this deadly virus. The increasing interest in developing artificial intelligence (AI) applications has addressed several medical problems. However, such applications remain insufficient given the high potential threat posed by this virus to global public health. This systematic review addresses automated AI applications based on data mining and machine learning (ML) algorithms for detecting and diagnosing COVID-19. We aimed to obtain an overview of this critical virus, address the limitations of utilising data mining and ML algorithms, and provide the health sector with the benefits of this technique. We used five databases, namely, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus and performed three sequences of search queries between 2010 and 2020. Accurate exclusion criteria and selection strategy were applied to screen the obtained 1305 articles. Only eight articles were fully evaluated and included in this review, and this number only emphasised the insufficiency of research in this important area. After analysing all included studies, the results were distributed following the year of publication and the commonly used data mining and ML algorithms. The results found in all papers were discussed to find the gaps in all reviewed papers. Characteristics, such as motivations, challenges, limitations, recommendations, case studies, and features and classes used, were analysed in detail. This study reviewed the state-of-the-art techniques for CoV prediction algorithms based on data mining and ML assessment. The reliability and acceptability of extracted information and datasets from implemented technologies in the literature were considered. Findings showed that researchers must proceed with insights they gain, focus on identifying solutions for CoV problems, and introduce new improvements. The growing emphasis on data mining and ML techniques in medical fields can provide the right environment for change and improvement."}, {"pmid": 32378126, "pmcid": "PMC7202462", "title": "COVID-19 Epidemic Peer Support and Crisis Intervention Via Social Media.", "journal": "Community Ment Health J", "authors": ["Cheng, Pu", "Xia, Guohua", "Pang, Peng", "Wu, Bo", "Jiang, Wei", "Li, Yong-Tong", "Wang, Mei", "Ling, Qi", "Chang, Xiaoying", "Wang, Jinghan", "Dai, Xiaocheng", "Lin, Xiaojin", "Bi, Xiaoting"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378126", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article describes a peer support project developed and carried out by a group of experienced mental health professionals, organized to offer peer psychological support from overseas to healthcare professionals on the frontline of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China. This pandemic extremely challenged the existing health care systems and caused severe mental distress to frontline healthcare workers. The authors describe the infrastructure of the team and a novel model of peer support and crisis intervention that utilized a popular social media application on smartphone. Such a model for intervention that can be used elsewhere in the face of current global pandemic, or future disaster response."}, {"pmid": 32401670, "title": "Treatment of COVID-19-exacerbated asthma: should systemic corticosteroids be used?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Kumar, Kartik", "Hinks, Timothy S C", "Singanayagam, Aran"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401670", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a new rapidly spreading infectious disease. Current guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO) highlights asthmatics as a high-risk group for severe illness from COVID-19. Viruses are common triggers of asthma exacerbations and the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic raises several questions regarding the optimum management strategies. Here, we discuss the contentious issue of whether the mainstay therapy systemic corticosteroids should be used in the routine management of COVID-19-associated asthma exacerbations. Recent guidance from the WHO has advised against the use of corticosteroids if COVID-19 is suspected due to concerns that these agents may impair protective innate antiviral immune responses. This may not be appropriate in the unique case of asthma exacerbation, a syndrome associated with augmented type 2 inflammation, a disease feature that is known to directly inhibit antiviral immunity. Corticosteroids, through their suppressive effects on type 2 inflammation, are thus likely to restore impaired antiviral immunity in asthma and, in contrast to non-asthmatic subjects, have beneficial clinical effects in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32455629, "title": "Tripartite Combination of Candidate Pandemic Mitigation Agents: Vitamin D, Quercetin, and Estradiol Manifest Properties of Medicinal Agents for Targeted Mitigation of the COVID-19 Pandemic Defined by Genomics-Guided Tracing of SARS-CoV-2 Targets in Human Cells.", "journal": "Biomedicines", "authors": ["Glinsky, Gennadi V"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455629", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Genes required for SARS-CoV-2 entry into human cells, ACE2 and FURIN, were employed as baits to build genomic-guided molecular maps of upstream regulatory elements, their expression and functions in the human body, and pathophysiologically relevant cell types. Repressors and activators of the ACE2 and FURIN genes were identified based on the analyses of gene silencing and overexpression experiments as well as relevant transgenic mouse models. Panels of repressors (VDR; GATA5; SFTPC; HIF1a) and activators (HMGA2; INSIG1; RUNX1; HNF4a; JNK1/c-FOS) were then employed to identify existing drugs manifesting in their effects on gene expression signatures of potential coronavirus infection mitigation agents. Using this strategy, vitamin D and quercetin have been identified as putative 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) mitigation agents. Quercetin has been identified as one of top-scoring candidate therapeutics in the supercomputer SUMMIT drug-docking screen and Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) of expression profiling experiments (EPEs), indicating that highly structurally similar quercetin, luteolin, and eriodictyol could serve as scaffolds for the development of efficient inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In agreement with this notion, quercetin alters the expression of 98 of 332 (30%) of human genes encoding protein targets of SARS-CoV-2, thus potentially interfering with functions of 23 of 27 (85%) of the SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins in human cells. Similarly, Vitamin D may interfere with functions of 19 of 27 (70%) of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins by altering expression of 84 of 332 (25%) of human genes encoding protein targets of SARS-CoV-2. Considering the potential effects of both quercetin and vitamin D, the inference could be made that functions of 25 of 27 (93%) of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in human cells may be altered. GSEA and EPEs identify multiple drugs, smoking, and many disease conditions that appear to act as putative coronavirus infection-promoting agents. Discordant patterns of testosterone versus estradiol impacts on SARS-CoV-2 targets suggest a plausible molecular explanation of the apparently higher male mortality during the coronavirus pandemic. Estradiol, in contrast with testosterone, affects the expression of the majority of human genes (203 of 332; 61%) encoding SARS-CoV-2 targets, thus potentially interfering with functions of 26 of 27 SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. A hypothetical tripartite combination consisting of quercetin/vitamin D/estradiol may affect expression of 244 of 332 (73%) human genes encoding SARS-CoV-2 targets. Of major concern is the ACE2 and FURIN expression in many human cells and tissues, including immune cells, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may infect a broad range of cellular targets in the human body. Infection of immune cells may cause immunosuppression, long-term persistence of the virus, and spread of the virus to secondary targets. Present analyses and numerous observational studies indicate that age-associated vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the high mortality of older adults and the elderly. Immediate availability for targeted experimental and clinical interrogations of potential COVID-19 pandemic mitigation agents, namely vitamin D and quercetin, as well as of the highly selective (Ki, 600 pm) intrinsically specific FURIN inhibitor (a1-antitrypsin Portland (a1-PDX), is considered an encouraging factor. Observations reported in this contribution are intended to facilitate follow-up targeted experimental studies and, if warranted, randomized clinical trials to identify and validate therapeutically viable interventions to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, gene expression profiles of vitamin D and quercetin activities and their established safety records as over-the-counter medicinal substances strongly argue that they may represent viable candidates for further considerations of their potential utility as COVID-19 pandemic mitigation agents. In line with the results of present analyses, a randomized interventional clinical trial evaluating effects of estradiol on severity of the coronavirus infection in COVID19+ and presumptive COVID19+ patients and two interventional randomized clinical trials evaluating effects of vitamin D on prevention and treatment of COVID-19 were listed on the ClinicalTrials.gov website."}, {"pmid": 32304213, "pmcid": "PMC7188118", "title": "Letter: COVID-19 Infection Affects Surgical Outcome of Chronic Subdural Hematoma.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Panciani, Pier Paolo", "Saraceno, Giorgio", "Zanin, Luca", "Renisi, Giulia", "Signorini, Liana", "Fontanella, Marco Maria"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304213", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306626, "title": "[Prevention and control strategies and methods of novel coronavirus epidemic infection in department of otolaryngology head and neck surgery in hospital].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, X L", "Ren, J", "Xu, Z", "Lei, W W", "Yang, K", "Kong, Y G", "Qu, J N", "Liao, H", "He, Y", "Chen, H D", "Zeng, F", "Wang, Y", "Hua, Q Q"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433293, "pmcid": "PMC7268837", "title": "Minimizing the Risk of Aerosol Contamination During Elective Lung Resection Surgery.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Rakovich, George", "Urbanowicz, Robert", "Issa, Rami", "Wang, Han Ting"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433293", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, the conduct of elective cancer surgery has become an issue because of the need to balance the requirement to treat patients with the possibility of transmission of the virus by asymptomatic carriers. A particular concern is the potential for viral transmission by way of aerosol which may be generated during perioperative care. There are currently no guidelines for the conduct of elective lung resection surgery in this context. A working group composed of 1 thoracic surgeon, 2 anesthesiologists and 1 critical care specialist assessed the risk for aerosol during lung resection surgery and proposed steps for mitigation. After external review, a final draft was approved by the Committee for the Governance of Perioperative and Surgical Activities of the H\u00f4pital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, in Montreal, Canada. The working group divided the risk for aerosol into 6 time-points: (1) intubation and extubation; (2) Lung isolation and patient positioning; (3) access to the chest; (4) conduct of the surgical procedure; (5) procedure termination and lung re-expansion; (6) chest drainage. Mitigating strategies were proposed for each time-point. The situation with COVID-19 is an opportunity to re-evaluate operating room protocols both for the purposes of this pandemic and similar situations in the future. In the context of lung resection surgery, specific time points during the procedure seem to pose specific risks for the genesis of aerosol and thus should be the focus of attention."}, {"pmid": 32532946, "title": "CT features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: experience of a single center in Southern Italy.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Martino, Alberigo", "Fiore, Emilio", "Mazza, Emerico Maria", "Minichiello, Stefana", "Brogna, Barbara", "Petronilla, Salvatore", "Megliola, Antonia", "Musto, Lanfranco"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532946", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to report the radiological features of chest CT scan of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) living in a town in Southern Italy where a significant outbreak of the disease occurred. We revised the CT scan of 62 patients (34 male, 28 female, mean age 71 +/- 14 years) with clinical and laboratory signs of COVID-19, as assessed by positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing. All patients underwent chest CT at the time of admission to the hospital. A semi-quantitative scoring system was used to evaluate the extension of the disease. Out of the 62 patients the main radiological findings were reticular pattern (29%), ground-glass opacities (24%), crazy paving pattern (11%) and consolidation (35%). Most of the lesions were bilateral (97%), posterior (95%) and located near pleura (50%) or lung fissures (45%), mainly involving the lower right lobe (56%) and lower left lobe (23%). Pleural thickening was observed in 72.6% of patients and pleural effusion in 18%. Median value of the score was 7.0 and was significantly higher in male than female (8.5 vs 6.0, p=0.03) and in patients with pleural thickening compared to those without this finding (8.0 vs 5.0, p=0.03)."}, {"pmid": 32298803, "pmcid": "PMC7152874", "title": "Are we facing a crashing wave of neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19? Neuropsychiatric symptoms and potential immunologic mechanisms.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Troyer, Emily A", "Kohn, Jordan N", "Hong, Suzi"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298803", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is a significant psychological stressor in addition to its tremendous impact on every facet of individuals' lives and organizations in virtually all social and economic sectors worldwide. Fear of illness and uncertainty about the future precipitate anxiety- and stress-related disorders, and several groups have rightfully called for the creation and dissemination of robust mental health screening and treatment programs for the general public and front-line healthcare workers. However, in addition to pandemic-associated psychological distress, the direct effects of the virus itself (several acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2), and the subsequent host immunologic response, on the human central nervous system (CNS) and related outcomes are unknown. We discuss currently available evidence of COVID-19 related neuropsychiatric sequelae while drawing parallels to past viral pandemic-related outcomes. Past pandemics have demonstrated that diverse types of neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as encephalopathy, mood changes, psychosis, neuromuscular dysfunction, or demyelinating processes, may accompany acute viral infection, or may follow infection by weeks, months, or longer in recovered patients. The potential mechanisms are also discussed, including viral and immunological underpinnings. Therefore, prospective neuropsychiatric monitoring of individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 at various points in the life course, as well as their neuroimmune status, are needed to fully understand the long-term impact of COVID-19, and to establish a framework for integrating psychoneuroimmunology into epidemiologic studies of pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32463282, "title": "Heightened risk of child maltreatment amid the COVID-19 pandemic can exacerbate mental health problems for the next generation.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Cuartas, Jorge"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463282", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of the COVID-19 disrupted ecological systems in which children develop, exacerbating threats to their safety and increasing their vulnerability to future psychopathology. Supports to reduce sources of stress for caregivers and protect children from threats to their safety are warranted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32292227, "pmcid": "PMC7151242", "title": "[Controversy regarding ACE inhibitors / ARBs in Covid-19].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Soria Arcos, Federico", "Romero-Puche, Antonio", "Vicente Vera, Tomas"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292227", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518438, "pmcid": "PMC7270875", "title": "This really is nothing like flu.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518438", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Those downplaying the coronavirus ignore our lack of immunity and vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32276598, "pmcid": "PMC7146071", "title": "Using echocardiography to guide the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Peng, Qian-Yi", "Wang, Xiao-Ting", "Zhang, Li-Na"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276598", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283147, "pmcid": "PMC7151379", "title": "Prolonged virus shedding even after seroconversion in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Wang-Da", "Chang, Sui-Yuan", "Wang, Jann-Tay", "Tsai, Ming-Jui", "Hung, Chien-Ching", "Hsu, Chia-Lin", "Chang, Shan-Chwen"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283147", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419769, "pmcid": "PMC7225715", "title": "How to safely and sustainably reorganise a large general radiography service facing the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Sim, Wei Yow", "Ooi, Chin Chin", "Chen, Robert Chun", "Bakar, Rafidah Abu", "Tan, Chin Chong", "Heng, Ai Ling", "Aw, Lian Ping"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419769", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper aims to share our experience in reorganising our general radiography service during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic from the viewpoint of a large tertiary referral medical centre. Re-organization of radiographic manpower, patient segregation, and modification of routine radiographic practices are key measures to help radiographic services deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. More specifically, emphasis on deploying more mobile radiographic units, segregating equipment, developing consistent image acquisition workflows, and strict adherence to infection control protocols are paramount to minimize the possibility of in-hospital transmission and ensure a safe environment for both patients and staff. Streamlining communication channels between leadership and ground staff allows quick dissemination of information to ultimately facilitate safe provision of services. COVID-19 has drastically altered the way general radiography teams provide services. The institution of several key measures will allow hospitals to safely and sustainably provide radiographic services. To date, there have been zero incidences of radiographer healthcare worker transmission within our institution during the course of work. Radiographers are facing the challenge of providing high-quality services while simultaneously minimizing pathogen exposure to staff and patients. Our experience may lend support to other radiographic services respond to the COVID-19 outbreak and serve as a blueprint for future infectious disease outbreak contingency plans."}, {"pmid": 32435602, "pmcid": "PMC7227394", "title": "Nurse Expertise: A Critical Resource in the COVID-19 Pandemic Response.", "journal": "Ann Glob Health", "authors": ["Nayna Schwerdtle, Patricia", "Connell, Clifford J", "Lee, Susan", "Plummer, Virginia", "Russo, Philip L", "Endacott, Ruth", "Kuhn, Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435602", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375428, "title": "[Protection suggestions on medical staff in obstetrics and gynecology in COVID-19-designated hospitals].", "journal": "Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, X Q", "Su, M", "Zou, Y", "Shi, Q", "Zhao, X X", "Zhao, J M", "Zhou, X Y", "Cao, D L", "Wang, Y G", "Zhang, Y Q"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375428", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353518, "pmcid": "PMC7184991", "title": "Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? A case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatry.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Hao, Fengyi", "Tan, Wanqiu", "Jiang, Li", "Zhang, Ling", "Zhao, Xinling", "Zou, Yiran", "Hu, Yirong", "Luo, Xi", "Jiang, Xiaojiang", "McIntyre, Roger S", "Tran, Bach", "Sun, Jiaqian", "Zhang, Zhisong", "Ho, Roger", "Ho, Cyrus", "Tam, Wilson"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353518", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to assess and compare the immediate stress and psychological impact experienced by people with and without psychiatric illnesses during the peak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic with strict lockdown measures. Seventy-six psychiatric patients and 109 healthy control subjects were recruited from Chongqing, China and completed a survey on demographic data, physical symptoms during the past 14\u00a0days and a range of psychiatric symptoms using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). IES-R measures PTSD symptoms in survivorship after an event. DASS-21 is based on tripartite model of psychopathology that comprise a general distress construct with distinct characteristics. The mean IES-R, DASS-21 anxiety, depression and stress subscale and ISI scores were higher in psychiatric patients than healthy controls (p\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Serious worries about their physical health, anger and impulsivity and intense suicidal ideation were significantly higher in psychiatric patients than healthy controls (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). More than one-third of psychiatric patients might fulfil the diagnostic criteria post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). More than one-quarter of psychiatric patients suffered from moderately severe to severe insomnia. Respondents who reported no change, poor or worse physical health status and had a psychiatric illness were significantly more likely to have higher mean IES-R, DASS depression, anxiety and stress subscale scores and ISI scores (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). This study confirms the severity of negative psychological impact on psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 epidemic with strict lockdown measures. Understanding the psychological impact on psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to provide insight into how to develop a new immunopsychiatry service. Further research is required to compare pro-inflammatory cytokines between psychiatric patients and healthy controls during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32232545, "pmcid": "PMC7106052", "title": "[SARS-CoV-2-a challenge for all of us].", "journal": "Ophthalmologe", "authors": ["Holz, Frank G"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232545", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418556, "title": "Predicted Effects of Stopping COVID-19 Lockdown on Italian Hospital Demand.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Bollon, Jordy", "Paganini, Matteo", "Nava, Consuelo Rubina", "De Vita, Nello", "Vaschetto, Rosanna", "Ragazzoni, Luca", "Della Corte, Francesco", "Barone-Adesi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418556", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy has been one of the first countries to implement mitigation measures to curb the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is currently a debate on when and how such measures should be loosened. To forecast the demand for hospital intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU beds for COVID-19 patients from May to September, we developed 2 models, assuming a gradual easing of restrictions or an intermittent lockdown. We used a compartmental model to evaluate 2 scenarios: (A) an intermittent lockdown; (B) a gradual relaxation of the lockdown. Predicted ICU and non-ICU demand was compared with the peak in hospital bed use observed in April 2020. Under scenario A, while ICU demand will remain below the peak, the number of non-ICU will substantially rise and will exceed it (133%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 94-171). Under scenario B, a rise in ICU and non-ICU demand will start in July and will progressively increase over the summer 2020, reaching 95% (95% CI: 71-121) and 237% (95% CI: 191-282) of the April peak. Italian hospital demand is likely to remain high in the next months. If restrictions are reduced, planning for the next several months should consider an increase in health-care resources to maintain surge capacity across the country."}, {"pmid": 32310242, "pmcid": "PMC7162640", "title": "The Known into the Unknown: Brugada syndrome and COVID-19.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Sorgente, Antonio", "Capulzini, Lucio", "Brugada, Pedro"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310242", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277018, "pmcid": "PMC7242866", "title": "Whose life to save? Scarce resources allocation in the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Mannelli, Chiara"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277018", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After initially emerging in China, the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has advanced rapidly. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently declared it a pandemic, with Europe becoming its new epicentre. Italy has so far been the most severely hit European country and demand for critical care in the northern region currently exceeds its supply. This raises significant ethical concerns, among which is the allocation of scarce resources. Professionals are considering the prioritisation of patients most likely to survive over those with remote chances, and this news has triggered an intense debate about the right of every individual to access healthcare. The proposed analysis suggests that the national emergency framework in which prioritisation criteria are currently enforced should not lead us to perceive scarce resources allocation as something new. From an ethical perspective, the novelty of the current emergency is not grounded in the devastating effects of scarce resources allocation, which is rife in recent and present clinical practice. Rather, it has to do with the extraordinarily high number of people who find themselves personally affected by the implications of scarce resources allocation and who suddenly realise that the principle of 'equals should be treated equally' may no longer be applicable. Along with the need to allocate appropriate additional financial resources to support the healthcare system, and thus to mitigate the scarcity of resources, the analysis insists on the relevance of a medical ethics perspective that does not place the burden of care and choice solely on physicians."}, {"pmid": 32423899, "pmcid": "PMC7239531", "title": "ESMO Management and treatment adapted recommendations in the COVID-19 era: Pancreatic Cancer.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Catanese, Silvia", "Pentheroudakis, George", "Douillard, Jean-Yves", "Lordick, Florian"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423899", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is challenging the capacities of health systems in many countries. National healthcare services have to manage unexpected shortages of healthcare resources that have to be re-allocated according to the principles of fair and ethical prioritisation, in order to maintain the highest levels of care to all patients, ensure the safety of patients and healthcare workers, and save as many lives as possible. Also, cancer care services have to pursue restructuring, following the same evidence-based dispositions. In this article, we propose a guidance to the management of pancreatic cancer during the pandemic, prioritised according to a three-tiered framework, and based on expert clinical judgement and magnitude of benefit expected from specific interventions. Since the availability of resources for diagnostic procedures, surgery and postoperative care, systemic therapy and radiotherapy may differ, the authors have separated the prioritisation analyses. The impact of postponing or abrogating cancer interventions on outcomes according to a high, medium or low priority scale is outlined and discussed. The implementation of healthcare services using telemedicine is explored; it reveals itself as functional and effective for limiting patients' need to travel to centres and thereby has the potential to reduce diffusion of SARS-CoV-2. Pancreatic cancer demands a considerable amount of medical resources. Therefore, the redefinition of its diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms with a rigorous method is crucial in order to ensure the highest quality of continuum of care in the broader context of the pandemic and the challenged healthcare systems."}, {"pmid": 32498298, "title": "Bariatric Surgery During COVID-19 Pandemic from Patients' Point of View-The Results of a National Survey.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Waledziak, Maciej", "Rozanska-Waledziak, Anna", "Pedziwiatr, Michal", "Szeliga, Jacek", "Proczko-Stepaniak, Monika", "Wysocki, Michal", "Stefura, Tomasz", "Major, Piotr"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on bariatric care from the patients' point of view. The COVID-19 pandemic has perturbed the functioning of healthcare systems around the world and led to changes in elective surgical care, with bariatric procedures being postponed until the end of pandemic. There is no data in the literature about the effect of a new epidemiological situation on bariatric patients. The study was designed as an online survey containing multiple open questions about bariatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was conducted among pre- and postoperative bariatric patients. Out of 800 respondents, 74.53% felt anxiety about their health in regard to the present epidemiologic state. Some (72.25%) were aware of the fact that obesity was an important risk factor that could impair the course of the COVID-19 disease. Almost 30% of respondents admitted having put on weight, significantly more in the group of preoperative patients (43.8% vs 22.69%; p < 0.001). Only 20.92% of patients had a possibility of continuing direct bariatric care; 67.3% of patients had an opportunity of remote contact with a bariatric specialist, including online consultations, teleconsultations and social media meetings. Limited access to medical care and quarantine lockdown may result in a deterioration of long-time operation outcomes and lower weight losses. Patients should be encouraged to profit from online consultations with specialists and telemedicine to reduce the negative effects of the pandemic on their health."}, {"pmid": 32407230, "title": "Safeguarding children with long-term conditions from COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Glasper, Alan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses strategies to protect children with long-term health conditions from acquiring the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus."}, {"pmid": 32400850, "pmcid": "PMC7239261", "title": "Sharing Alcoholic Drinks and a COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Alcohol Alcohol", "authors": ["Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419700, "pmcid": "PMC7225719", "title": "Effectiveness of a negative-pressure patient isolation hood shown using particle count.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lang, Angela L", "Shaw, Kendrick M", "Lozano, Rodrigo", "Wang, Jingping"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221519, "pmcid": "PMC7184337", "title": "Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Juanjuan", "Yuan, Quan", "Wang, Haiyan", "Liu, Wei", "Liao, Xuejiao", "Su, Yingying", "Wang, Xin", "Yuan, Jing", "Li, Tingdong", "Li, Jinxiu", "Qian, Shen", "Hong, Congming", "Wang, Fuxiang", "Liu, Yingxia", "Wang, Zhaoqin", "He, Qing", "Li, Zhiyong", "He, Bin", "Zhang, Tianying", "Fu, Yang", "Ge, Shengxiang", "Liu, Lei", "Zhang, Jun", "Xia, Ningshao", "Zhang, Zheng"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221519", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging virus. The antibody response in infected patient remains largely unknown, and the clinical values of antibody testing have not been fully demonstrated. A total of 173 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. Their serial plasma samples (n=535) collected during the hospitalization were tested for total antibodies (Ab), IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2. The dynamics of antibodies with the disease progress was analyzed. Among 173 patients, the seroconversion rate for Ab, IgM and IgG was 93.1%, 82.7% and 64.7%, respectively. The reason for the negative antibody findings in 12 patients might due to the lack of blood samples at the later stage of illness. The median seroconversion time for Ab, IgM and then IgG were day-11, day-12 and day-14, separately. The presence of antibodies was <40% among patients within 1-week since onset, and rapidly increased to 100.0% (Ab), 94.3% (IgM) and 79.8% (IgG) since day-15 after onset. In contrast, RNA detectability decreased from 66.7% (58/87) in samples collected before day-7 to 45.5% (25/55) during day 15-39. Combining RNA and antibody detections significantly improved the sensitivity of pathogenic diagnosis for COVID-19 (p<0.001), even in early phase of 1-week since onset (p=0.007). Moreover, a higher titer of Ab was independently associated with a worse clinical classification (p=0.006). The antibody detection offers vital clinical information during the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings provide strong empirical support for the routine application of serological testing in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32406404, "pmcid": "PMC7217343", "title": "COVID-19 Fear in Eastern Europe: Validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Reznik, Alexander", "Gritsenko, Valentina", "Konstantinov, Vsevolod", "Khamenka, Natallia", "Isralowitz, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406404", "countries": ["Belarus", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Russian Federation"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a major source of fear, stress, and anxiety as well as a major factor impacting the health and wellbeing of people worldwide. The present study builds on the recently developed \"Fear of COVID-19 Scale\" (Ahorsu et al., In International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8, 2020). The sample comprised of 850 participants, male and female young adults from Russia and Belarus. The majority of survey participants are university students and graduates. Females, students, and others from Russia report higher levels of COVID-19-related fear than those from Belarus. Respondents from Russia and Belarus report less fear than people from Iran who were surveyed earlier. The scale used for the present survey evidenced a good Cronbach's Alpha measure of internal consistency or reliability (0.809). Clearly, further research is needed across locations and over time about the nature and extent of fear caused by COVID 19. Overall, the FCV-19S appears to be a valuable and brief instrument that may provide useful information for intervention and policy purposes to migrate fear and problem behavior linked to infectious disease outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32071443, "title": "Scientists fear coronavirus spread in countries least able to contain it.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32071443", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468517, "pmcid": "PMC7255906", "title": "Cancer patients in COVID-19 outbreak: something more than Suram fortress.", "journal": "Med Oncol", "authors": ["Ferrari, Daris", "Violati, Martina", "Codeca, Carla"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468517", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384909, "pmcid": "PMC7209968", "title": "Our recommendations for acute management of COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Mojoli, Francesco", "Mongodi, Silvia", "Orlando, Anita", "Arisi, Eric", "Pozzi, Marco", "Civardi, Luca", "Tavazzi, Guido", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Iotti, Giorgio Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384909", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502699, "pmcid": "PMC7221360", "title": "Poverty, inequality and COVID-19: the forgotten vulnerable.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Patel, J A", "Nielsen, F B H", "Badiani, A A", "Assi, S", "Unadkat, V A", "Patel, B", "Ravindrane, R", "Wardle, H"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502699", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515400, "title": "The invisible victims - Impact of the pandemic on patients without COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Rehman Khalid, Muhammad Osama", "Zaheer, Ramsha"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515400", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has shocked the world to a standstill. Routine healthcare has been severely disrupted. Healthcare service is a finite resource and in the current pandemic situation the risks of providing care to individual patients, whether they be confirmed, probable or suspected cases, should be balanced against the ability to provide safe routine long-term care to others. But how far can the healthcare system protect itself and fear the unknown, before it starts causing harm by omission? Herein we provide a review of cases that were misdiagnosed, left stranded in the system or had to face unnecessary delays due to the lack of an organised pathway."}, {"pmid": 32372417, "title": "A simple solution to improve surgical teaching among medical students.", "journal": "Clin Anat", "authors": ["de Wolf, Maisie", "Birch, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372417", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281689, "pmcid": "PMC7262209", "title": "COVID-19 and gastrointestinal endoscopies: Current insights and emergent strategies.", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Perisetti, Abhilash", "Gajendran, Mahesh", "Boregowda, Umesha", "Bansal, Pardeep", "Goyal, Hemant"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281689", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan city of China, named as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the disease was called coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The infection due to this virus spread exponentially throughout China and then spread across >205 nations, including the United States (US). Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopies are routinely performed in the US and globally. Previous reports of isolated infection outbreaks were reported with endoscopes acting as potential vectors. While multidrug-resistant organisms have been reported to be spread by endoscopes, few cases of viruses such as hepatitis B and C are noted in the literature. COVID-19 is predominately spread by droplet transmission, although recent evidence has showed that shedding in feces and feco-oral transmission could also be possible. It is unclear if COVID-19 could be transmitted by endoscopes, but it could theoretically happen due to contact with mucous membranes and body fluids. GI endoscopies involve close contact with oral and colonic contents exposing endoscopy staff to respiratory and oropharyngeal secretions. This can increase the risk of contamination and contribute to virus transmission. Given these risks, all major GI societies have called for rescheduling elective non-urgent procedures and perform only emergent or urgent procedures based on the clinical need. Furthermore, pre-screening of all individuals prior to endoscopy is recommended. This article focuses on the risk of COVID-19 transmission by GI shedding, the potential role of endoscopes as a vector of this novel virus, including transmission during endoscopies, and prevention strategies including deferral of elective non-urgent endoscopy procedures."}, {"pmid": 32288417, "pmcid": "PMC7137856", "title": "Preliminary Assessment of the COVID-19 Outbreak Using 3-Staged Model e-ISHR.", "journal": "J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci", "authors": ["Li, Sijia", "Song, Kun", "Yang, Boran", "Gao, Yucen", "Gao, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288417", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan has aroused widespread concern and attention from all over the world. Many articles have predicted the development of the epidemic. Most of them only use very basic SEIR model without considering the real situation. In this paper, we build a model called e-ISHR model based on SEIR model. Then we add hospital system and time delay system into the original model to simulate the spread of COVID-19 better. Besides, in order to take the government's control and people's awareness into consideration, we change our e-ISHR model into a 3-staged model which effectively shows the impact of these factors on the spread of the disease. By using this e-ISHR model, we fit and predict the number of confirmed cases in Wuhan and China except Hubei. We also change some of parameters in our model. The results indicate the importance of isolation and increasing the number of beds in hospital."}, {"pmid": 32414757, "title": "Ethical considerations for epidemic vaccine trials.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Monrad, Joshua Teperowski"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414757", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vaccines are a powerful measure to protect the health of individuals and to combat outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. An ethical dilemma arises when one effective vaccine has been successfully developed against an epidemic disease and researchers seek to test the efficacy of another vaccine for the same pathogen in clinical trials involving human subjects. On the one hand, there are compelling reasons why it would be unethical to trial a novel vaccine when an effective product exists already. First, it is a firm principle of medical ethics that an effective treatment or vaccine should not be withheld from patients if their life may depend on it. Second, since epidemic outbreaks often emerge in settings with less-resourced health systems, there is a pronounced risk that any trial withholding an effective vaccine would disproportionately affect the vulnerable populations that historically have been exploited for biomedical research. Third, clinical trials for novel vaccines may be at odds with efforts to control active outbreaks. On the other hand, it may be justified to conduct a trial for a candidate vaccine if it is expected to have certain advantages compared with the existing product. This essay discusses key factors for comparing vaccines against epidemic pathogens, including immunological, logistical and economic considerations. Alongside a case study of the development of vaccines for Ebola, the essay seeks to establish a general framework that should be expanded and populated by immunologists, epidemiologists, economists and bioethicists, and ultimately could be applied to the case of COVID-19 vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32412515, "title": "Recommendations for the management of critically ill adult patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Namendys-Silva, Silvio A", "Dominguez-Cherit, Guillermo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412515", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Except for pregnant women, the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 during the pandemic includes the standard procedures that are used for any patient that requires to be attended to at the intensive care unit, as well as limited administration of crystalloid solutions, orotracheal intubation, invasive mechanical ventilation in the event of patient clinical deterioration, and muscle relaxants continuous infusion only if necessary. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation and high-flow oxygen therapy are not recommended due to the generation of aerosol (associated with risk of viral spread among health personnel), and neither is extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or the use of steroids. So far, there is no specific antiviral treatment for patients with COVID-19, and neither are there results of controlled trials supporting the use of any."}, {"pmid": 32513062, "title": "Family-Centered Information Dissemination: A Multidisciplinary Virtual COVID-19 \"Town Hall\".", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Jayawardena, Asitha D L", "Romano, Sarah", "Callans, Kevin", "Fracchia, M Shannon", "Hartnick, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513062", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Significant misinformation about COVID-19 has been spread on the internet. Parents of children with complex aerodigestive problems have a hard time understanding the information they encounter on the internet and the news media and interpreting how it relates to their child's complex needs. Our multidisciplinary team, at the suggestion of a parent, hosted 3 virtual \"town halls\" in which families could ask questions directly of pediatric otolaryngology, pediatric pulmonology and case management in order to efficiently obtain factual evidence-based up-to-date advice. The information discussed at the town halls was then annotated and disseminated via active, parent-run aerodigestive social media forums. The information disseminated via the town halls reached 4787 Facebook participants."}, {"pmid": 32281885, "pmcid": "PMC7258630", "title": "Basing Respiratory Management of COVID-19 on Physiological Principles.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Tobin, Martin J"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281885", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495368, "title": "Clinical and histological characterization of late appearance maculopapular eruptions in association with the coronavirus disease 2019. A case series of seven patients.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Reymundo, A", "Fernaldez-Bernaldez, A", "Reolid, A", "Butron, B", "Fernandez-Rico, P", "Munoz-Hernandez, P", "De Argila, D", "Llamas-Velasco, M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495368", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first report of cutaneous manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by Recalcati et al1 , there has been described five clinical patterns including pseudo-chilblain lesions, vesicular eruptions, urticarial lesions, livedo and necrosis and maculopapular eruptions2 . Several clinical reports have been published recently describing these clinical patterns although there is still a lack of information regarding histopathology of maculopapular eruptions. We designed a retrospective study of patients attended in our department over the course of three weeks. We collected clinical data and pictures, and performed a biopsy when possible."}, {"pmid": 32383778, "pmcid": "PMC7272789", "title": "A Unique Presentation of Delirium in a Patient with Otherwise Asymptomatic COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Alkeridy, Walid A", "Almaghlouth, Ibrahim", "Alrashed, Rashed", "Alayed, Khalid", "Binkhamis, Khalifa", "Alsharidi, Aynaa", "Liu-Ambrose, Teresa"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383778", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), manifests with a wide spectrum of presentations. Most reports of COVID-19 highlight fever and upper respiratory symptoms as the dominant initial presentations, consistent with the World Health Organization guidelines regarding suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, atypical presentations of this disease have been evolving since the initial outbreak of the pandemic in December 2019. We report a case of an older male patient who presented at our hospital with an unusual manifestation of COVID-19. Brief report. A university hospital in Saudi Arabia. A 73-year-old man who presented with confusion in the absence of any respiratory symptoms or fever. The patient was initially admitted with delirium and underwent a further work-up. Given his recent history of domestic travel and the declaration of a global COVID-19 pandemic status, the patient was administered a swab test for SARS-CoV-2. The patient's positive test led to a diagnosis of COVID-19. Although he began to experience a spiking fever and mild upper respiratory symptoms, he recovered rapidly with no residual sequela. The recognition of atypical presentations of COVID-19 infection, such as delirium, is critical to the timely diagnosis, provision of appropriate care, and avoidance of outbreaks within healthcare facilities during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32329926, "pmcid": "PMC7264650", "title": "Tracheostomy guidelines developed at a large academic medical center during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["David, Abel P", "Russell, Marika D", "El-Sayed, Ivan H", "Russell, Matthew S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329926", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, tracheostomy may be required for COVID-19 patients requiring long-term ventilation in addition to other conditions such as airway compromise from head and neck cancer. As an aerosol-generating procedure, tracheostomy increases the exposure of health care workers to COVID-19 infection. Performing surgical tracheostomy and tracheostomy care requires a strategy that mitigates these risks and maintains the quality of patient care. This study is a multidisciplinary review of institutional tracheostomy guidelines and clinical pathways. Modifications to support clinical decision making in the context of COVID-19 were derived by consensus and available evidence. Modified guidelines for all phases of tracheostomy care at an academic tertiary care center in the setting of COVID-19 are presented. During the various phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians must carefully consider the indications, procedural precautions, and postoperative care for tracheostomies. We present guidelines to mitigate risk to health care workers while preserving the quality of care."}, {"pmid": 32507102, "title": "Routine antiemetic prophylaxis with dexamethasone during COVID-19: Should oncologists reconsider?", "journal": "J Oncol Pharm Pract", "authors": ["Marinella, Mark A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507102", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19) has caused unprecedented strain on the global healthcare system, causing thousands of deaths worldwide. Patients with underlying conditions such as cancer are at substantial risk of acquiring and dying from this novel coronavirus. Numerous reports have shown that infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes depletion of B- and T-lymphocytes, including CD4 and CD8 T-cells, and is associated with severe illness and death and that patients with higher lymphocyte levels may have better outcomes. Dexamethasone, a widely prescribed antiemetic for acute and delayed nausea and vomiting from a variety of cancer drugs, causes B and T cell depletion, which may augment immunosuppression. Since it seems that lymphocytes are vital in the immune response to novel coronavirus, oncologists should reconsider the routine use of prophylactic dexamethasone in uninfected patients, to avoid inducing lymphopenia, which may increase risk of infection or lead to inferior outcomes if a cancer patient subsequently becomes infected. Since many cancer drugs and malignant diseases inherently cause lymphopenia, further reduction of lymphocytes with dexamethasone should be avoided if possible and if safe and effective alternative antiemetics are available during the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32232214, "pmcid": "PMC7085862", "title": "Potential Treatments for COVID-19; a Narrative Literature Review.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Rismanbaf, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232214", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging human infectious coronavirus that causes COVID-19, which has been recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11th. There is still no vaccine or definitive treatment for this virus because its pathogenesis and proliferation pathways are still unknown. Therefore, in this article, new potential COVID-19 therapies are briefly reviewed."}, {"pmid": 32275463, "title": "Attitudes of Anesthesiology Specialists and Residents toward Patients Infected with the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): A National Survey Study.", "journal": "Surg Infect (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Dost, Burhan", "Koksal, Ersin", "Terzi, Ozlem", "Bilgin, Sezgin", "Ustun, Yasemin Burcu", "Arslan, Hatice Nilden"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275463", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                     The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of anesthesiology specialists and residents in Turkey about COVID-19 and their attitudes toward the strategies and application methods to be used for a suspected/confirmed COVID-19 case that needs to be operated on or followed up in an intensive care unit, as well as to raise awareness about this issue. \n                        Methods:\n                     This descriptive study comprised anesthesiology specialists and residents working in various health institutions in Turkey. The data used in this study were obtained online between March 13, 2020 and March 25, 2020 through the website SurveyMonkey (SurveyMonkey, San Mateo, CA) by using a survey form. We contacted members of the Turkish Anaesthesiology and Reanimation Society through the social media platforms Twitter, LinkedIn, and WhatsApp, as well as through their e-mail addresses and invited them to participate in the study. Those who agreed to participate responded to the aforementioned survey. We used SPSS 22.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY) to analyze the survey data statistically. \n                        Results:\n                     A total of 346 anesthesiology specialists and residents participated in the study. Although the majority of the participants exhibited the correct attitudes toward airway management, research assistants with little professional experience were observed to be undecided or had the tendency to make incorrect decisions. \n                        Conclusions:\n                     The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading rapidly worldwide. The incidence of COVID-19 cases is increasing daily, and this disease can cause patient death. Anesthesiology specialists and residents who perform emergency operations on these patients in settings other than intensive care units should follow simple and easy-to-understand algorithms to ensure safety. The provision of theoretical and practical training to healthcare providers before they meet patients will help ensure patient-healthcare provider safety and prevent panic, which can cause distress among healthcare providers."}, {"pmid": 32387301, "pmcid": "PMC7202852", "title": "The CoV-2 outbreak: how hematologists could help to fight Covid-19.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Galimberti, Sara", "Baldini, Chiara", "Barate, Claudia", "Ricci, Federica", "Balducci, Serena", "Grassi, Susanna", "Ferro, Francesco", "Buda, Gabriele", "Benedetti, Edoardo", "Fazzi, Rita", "Baglietto, Laura", "Lucenteforte, Ersilia", "Di Paolo, Antonello", "Petrini, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387301", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a medical emergency, with 20 % of patients presenting with severe clinical manifestations. From the pathogenetic point of view, COVID-19 mimics two other well-known diseases characterized by cytokine storm and hyper-activation of the immune response, with consequent organ damage: acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Hematologists are confident with these situations requiring a prompt therapeutic approach for switching off the uncontrolled cytokine release; here, we discuss pros and cons of drugs that are already employed in hematology in the light of their possible application in COVID-19. The most promising drugs might be: Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, with a rapid and powerful anti-cytokine effect, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), with their good anti-inflammatory properties, and perhaps the anti-Cd26 antibody Begelomab. We also present immunological data from gene expression experiments where TKIs resulted effective anti-inflammatory and pro-immune drugs. A possible combined treatment algorithm for COVID-19 is here proposed."}, {"pmid": 32409439, "title": "Practical aspects of targeting IL-6 in COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Calabrese, Cassandra", "Rajendram, Prabalini", "Sacha, Gretchen", "Calabrese, Leonard"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409439", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe cases of COVID-19 are often attended by a syndrome that has been described as \"cytokine storm,\" with some features shared with macrophage activation syndrome. A variety of experimental therapies targeting this hyperinflammatory state are now being applied in hospitals around the world. Among the most widely used treatments are monoclonal antibodies targeting interleukin-6 (IL-6) or the IL-6 receptor. Anti-IL-6 drugs are being widely used experimentally and as off-label therapy for patients with COVID-19 who are sick and deteriorating but have a reasonable chance of recovering, but they are still unproven and unapproved for this use. The pandemic has created major ethical and practical questions about patient selection and nonapproved use vs use in the context of a randomized clinical trial."}, {"pmid": 32171067, "pmcid": "PMC7103991", "title": "Sex difference and smoking predisposition in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Cai, Hua"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171067", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333227, "pmcid": "PMC7180652", "title": "Mobilization of Telepsychiatry in Response to COVID-19-Moving Toward 21(st) Century Access to Care.", "journal": "Adm Policy Ment Health", "authors": ["Kannarkat, Jacob T", "Smith, Noah N", "McLeod-Bryant, Stephen A"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333227", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic threatens to disrupt the provision of mental health services. In response, policymakers, administrators, and providers have taken bold steps toward enabling telepsychiatry to bridge this sudden gap in care for our most vulnerable populations. With rapid deregulation and adoption of this modality of care, careful consideration of issues related to policy and implementation is essential to maximize its effectiveness and mitigate unintended consequences. Though the crisis places the healthcare system under strain, it sets the stage for a lasting shift in not only how care is delivered, but also our beliefs around the system's capacity for rapid, innovative change."}, {"pmid": 32383264, "pmcid": "PMC7267376", "title": "Comment on \"Central Nervous System Involvement by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2)\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Siyang", "Lu, Hongjia", "Liu, Zhewei", "Yuan, Weiming"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383264", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279976, "pmcid": "PMC7118591", "title": "Infection Control in the Medical Imaging Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Imaging Radiat Sci", "authors": ["Zhao, Dan", "Zhang, Chengfeng", "Chen, Jun Dr"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279976", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339701, "pmcid": "PMC7195037", "title": "Reply: Potential role of Janus kinase inhibitors in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Napolitano, Maddalena", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Patruno, Cataldo"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339701", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293713, "pmcid": "PMC7262027", "title": "Treatment with convalescent plasma for COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ye, Mingxiang", "Fu, Dian", "Ren, Yi", "Wang, Faxiang", "Wang, Dong", "Zhang, Fang", "Xia, Xinyi", "Lv, Tangfeng"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293713", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The discovery of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are causing public health emergency. A handful of literatures have summarized its clinical and radiologic features, whereas therapies for COVID-19 are rather limited. In order to evaluate the efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in COVID-19 patients, we did this timely descriptive study. 6 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled and received the transfusion of ABO-compatible convalescent plasma. The efficacy of this intervention was determined by the alleviation of symptoms, changes in radiologic abnormalities and laboratory tests. No obvious adverse effect observed during the treatment. Transfusion of convalescent plasma led to a resolution of ground glass opacities (GGOs) and consolidation in patient #1, #2, #3, #4 and #6. In patient #1 and #5 who presented with SARS-CoV-2 in throat swab, convalescent plasma therapy elicited an elimination of virus. Serologic analysis indicated an immediate increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers in patient #2 and #3, but not in patient #1. This study indicates that convalescent plasma therapy is effective and specific for COVID-19. This intervention has a special significance for eliminating SARS-CoV-2 and is believed to be a promising state-of-art therapy during COVID-19 pandemic crisis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32497297, "title": "Gendered effects on inflammation reaction and outcome of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Qin, Lu", "Li, Xiaochen", "Shi, Jing", "Yu, Muqing", "Wang, Ke", "Tao, Yu", "Zhou, Ying", "Zhou, Min", "Xu, Shuyun", "Wu, Bo", "Yang, Zhenyu", "Zhang, Cong", "Yue, Junqing", "Cheng, Chongsheng", "Liu, Xiansheng", "Xie, Min"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497297", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has turned into a public health emergency of international concern. Epidemiological research showed that gender was associated with the severity of COVID-19, but the underlying mechanism of gender predisposition remains poorly understood. We aim to study the gendered differences in inflammation reaction, and the association with severity and mortality of COVID-19. In this retrospective study, we enrolled 548 COVID-19 inpatients from Tongji Hospital from January 26 to February 5, 2020, and followed up to March 3, 2020. Epidemiological, demographic and clinical features, and inflammatory indexes were collected and compared between males and females. Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to identify gendered effect on mortality of COVID-19 after adjusting age, comorbidity and smoking history. Multiple linear regression method was used to explore the influence of sex on inflammation reaction. Males had higher mortality than females did (22.2% vs. 10.4%), with the HR of 1.923 (95% CI, 1.181-3.130); elder age and comorbidity were significantly associated with decease of COVID-19 patients. Excess inflammation reaction was related to severity of COVID-19. Male patients had greater inflammation reaction, with higher levels of IL-10, TNF-\u03b1, LDH, ferritin and hsCRP, but lower lymphocyte count than females adjusted by age and comorbidity. Gender, age, and comorbidity are critical risk factors for mortality of COVID-19. Excess innate immunity and proinflammation activity, and deficiency in adaptive immunity response promote males especially elder males to develop cytokine storm, causing potential ARDS, multiple organ failure and decease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32287995, "pmcid": "PMC7118470", "title": "Facial mask: A necessity to beat COVID-19.", "journal": "Build Environ", "authors": ["Zhai, Zhiqiang"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287995", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504532, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children Cared for at Texas Children's Hospital: Initial Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Foster, Catherine E", "Moulton, Elizabeth A", "Munoz, Flor M", "Hulten, Kristina G", "Versalovic, James", "Dunn, James", "Revell, Paula", "Koy, Tjin H", "Arrington, Amy S", "Marquez, Lucila", "Campbell, Judith"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504532", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe\u00a0the clinical course of 57 children with\u00a0coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cared for through a single hospital system. Most children were mildly symptomatic, and only a few patients with underlying medical conditions required hospitalization. System-wide patient evaluation processes allowed for prompt identification and management of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32344034, "pmcid": "PMC7194702", "title": "How Brazil Is Dealing with COVID-19 Pandemic Arrival Regarding Elective Gynecological Surgeries.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Brito, Luiz Gustavo Oliveira", "Ribeiro, Paulo Ayrosa", "Silva-Filho, Agnaldo Lopes"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344034", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335408, "pmcid": "PMC7194675", "title": "Environmental perspective of COVID-19.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Saadat, Saeida", "Rawtani, Deepak", "Hussain, Chaudhery Mustansar"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335408", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused concerns globally. On 30 January WHO has declared it as a global health emergency. The easy spread of this virus made people to wear a mask as precautionary route, use gloves and hand sanitizer on a daily basis that resulted in generation of a massive amount of medical wastes in the environment. Millions of people have been put on lockdown in order to reduce the transmission of the virus. This epidemic has also changed the people's life style; caused extensive job losses and threatened the sustenance of millions of people, as businesses have shut down to control the spread of virus. All over the world, flights have been canceled and transport systems have been closed. Overall, the economic activities have been stopped and stock markets dropped along with the falling carbon emission. However, the lock down of the COVID-19 pandemic caused the air quality in many cities across the globe to improve and drop in water pollutions in some parts of the world."}, {"pmid": 32404268, "pmcid": "PMC7194067", "title": "3D Printing of Face Shields During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Technical Note.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Amin, Dina", "Nguyen, Nam", "Roser, Steven M", "Abramowicz, Shelly"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404268", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473085, "title": "SARS-COV-2 infection presenting as ST-elevationmyocardial infarction.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Castagna, Francesco", "Cerrud-Rodriguez, Roberto", "Villela, Miguel Alvarez", "Bortnick, Anna E"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473085", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe a patient presenting with chest discomfort, anterolateral ST elevation, and developing acute cardiogenic shock secondary to SARS-COV-2infection-patient zero presenting to our institution's cardiac catheterization laboratory. The emergent presentation with limited clinical information led to exposure of personnel. The diagnosis was complicated by two negative tests for SARS-COV-2, and high-clinical suspicion from the patient's occupational history led to additional testing in order to confirm the diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32352162, "pmcid": "PMC7267580", "title": "Author response to: Covid-19-related pancreatic injury.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Spinelli, A", "Pellino, G", "Danese, S"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352162", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32091134, "pmcid": "PMC7228352", "title": "Facing the COVID-19 outbreak: What should we know and what could we do?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yang, Yi", "Shang, Weilong", "Rao, Xiancai"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32091134", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32218554, "pmcid": "PMC7205508", "title": "The Coronavirus Pandemic: \"The Show Must NOT Go On\".", "journal": "Int J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Habibzadeh, Farrokh", "Lang, Tom"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218554", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355415, "pmcid": "PMC7190373", "title": "[Ride out domestic isolation and quarantine].", "journal": "Psychotherapeut (Berl)", "authors": ["Jacobi, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355415", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV\u20112 and the disease caused by it with the official name coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is forcing the implementation of drastic measures worldwide, which are aimed at containing the massive spread. The measures include domestic isolation of the population as far as possible. Domestic isolation and quarantine are, however, exceptional situations, which most people have not yet experienced. These set measures can have an effect on the psyche and be very debilitating for those affected. Clear behavioral measures and mental strategies, which have been scientifically researched and established in psychology, help to overcome this exceptional situation."}, {"pmid": 32155431, "pmcid": "PMC7126210", "title": "Unveiling the Origin and Transmission of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Trends Microbiol", "authors": ["Xu, Yifei"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32155431", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus has caused thousands of human infections in China since December 2019, raising a global public health concern. Recent studies (Huang et al., Chan et al., and Zhou et al.) have provided timely insights into its origin and ability to spread among humans, informing infection prevention and control practices."}, {"pmid": 32241884, "title": "Covid-19: four fifths of cases are asymptomatic, China figures indicate.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241884", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512187, "title": "Using GRADE in situations of emergencies and urgencies: Certainty in evidence and recommendations matters during the COVID-19 pandemic, now more than ever and no matter what.", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Schunemann, Holger J", "Santesso, Nancy", "Vist, Gunn E", "Cuello, Carlos", "Lotfi, Tamara", "Flottorp, Signe", "Davoli, Marina", "Mustafa, Reem", "Meerpohl, Joerg J", "Alonso-Coello, Pablo", "Akl, Elie A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512187", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397275, "title": "Potential Role of Vitamin D in the Elderly to Resist COVID-19 and to Slow Progression of Parkinson's Disease.", "journal": "Brain Sci", "authors": ["Hribar, Casey A", "Cobbold, Peter H", "Church, Frank C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397275", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While we are still learning more about COVID-19, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, finding alternative and already available methods to reduce the risk and severity of the disease is paramount. One such option is vitamin D, in the form of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation, due to its potential antiviral properties. It has become apparent that older individuals have a greater risk of developing severe COVID-19, and compared to younger adults, the elderly have lower levels of vitamin D due to a variety of biological and behavioral factors. Older adults are also more likely to be diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD), with advanced age being the single greatest risk factor. In addition to its immune-system-modulating effects, it has been suggested that vitamin D supplementation plays a role in slowing PD progression and improving PD-related quality of life. We completed a review of the literature to determine the relationship between vitamin D, PD, and COVID-19. We concluded that the daily supplementation of 2000-5000 IU/day of vitamin D3 in older adults with PD has the potential to slow the progression of PD while also potentially offering additional protection against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32424591, "pmcid": "PMC7232923", "title": "COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT): what is the link?", "journal": "Cell Stress Chaperones", "authors": ["De Maio, Antonio", "Hightower, Lawrence E"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424591", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327439, "title": "Covid-19 management: it's inappropriate to make judgments in hindsight that rely on information not available at the outset.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bamji, Andrew N"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327439", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344809, "title": "Psychological and Behavioral Responses in South Korea During the Early Stages of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Lee, Minjung", "You, Myoungsoon"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344809", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: The psychological and behavioral responses during the early stage of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea were investigated to guide the public as full and active participants of public health emergency preparedness (PHEP), which is essential to improving resilience and reducing the population's fundamental vulnerability. Methods: Data were collected through an online survey four weeks after the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) confirmed the first case in South Korea; 973 subjects were included in the analysis. Results: Respondents' perceived risk of COVID-19 infection; the majority of respondents reported that their perceived chance of infection was \"neither high nor low\" (51.3%). The average perceived severity score was higher than perceived susceptibility; 48.6 % reported that the severity would be \"high,\" while 19.9% reported \"very high.\" Many respondents reported taking precautions, 67.8% reported always practicing hand hygiene, and 63.2% reported always wearing a facial mask when outside. Approximately 50% reported postponing or canceling social events, and 41.5% were avoiding crowded places. Practicing precautionary behaviors associated strongly with perceived risk and response efficacy of the behavior. Conclusions: Our study confirmed the significance of the psychological responses, which associated with behavioral responses and significantly influenced the public's level of public health emergency preparedness regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. This result has consequences not only for implementing public health strategies for the pandemic but also for understanding future emerging infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32222421, "pmcid": "PMC7102655", "title": "Importing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) into China after international air travel.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiao-Ai", "Fan, Hang", "Qi, Run-Zi", "Zheng, Wei", "Zheng, Kui", "Gong, Jian-Hang", "Fang, Li-Qun", "Liu, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222421", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334882, "pmcid": "PMC7151323", "title": "A Protection Tent for Airway Management in Patients With COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Ann Emerg Med", "authors": ["Fang, Pin-Hui", "Lin, Yu-Yuan", "Lin, Chih-Hao"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397511, "title": "25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Are Lower in Patients with Positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["D'Avolio, Antonio", "Avataneo, Valeria", "Manca, Alessandra", "Cusato, Jessica", "De Nicolo, Amedeo", "Lucchini, Renzo", "Keller, Franco", "Cantu, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397511", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with a clinical outcome ranging from mild to severe, including death. To date, it is unclear why some patients develop severe symptoms. Many authors have suggested the involvement of vitamin D in reducing the risk of infections; thus, we retrospectively investigated the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in plasma obtained from a cohort of patients from Switzerland. In this cohort, significantly lower 25(OH)D levels (p = 0.004) were found in PCR-positive for SARS-CoV-2 (median value 11.1 ng/mL) patients compared with negative patients (24.6 ng/mL); this was also confirmed by stratifying patients according to age >70 years. On the basis of this preliminary observation, vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce the risk of infection. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations and to confirm our preliminary observation."}, {"pmid": 32345362, "pmcid": "PMC7186534", "title": "Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues.", "journal": "Infect Dis Poverty", "authors": ["Li, Meng-Yuan", "Li, Lin", "Zhang, Yue", "Wang, Xiao-Sheng"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345362", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its discovery in December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 2\u00a0180 000 people worldwide and has caused more than 150 000 deaths as of April 16, 2020. SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a cell receptor to invade human cells. Thus, ACE2 is the key to understanding the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study is to investigate the ACE2 expression in various human tissues in order to provide insights into the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We compared ACE2 expression levels across 31 normal human tissues between males and females and between younger (ages \u2264\u00a049\u2009years) and older (ages >\u200949\u2009years) persons using two-sided Student's t test. We also investigated the correlations between ACE2 expression and immune signatures in various tissues using Pearson's correlation test. ACE2 expression levels were the highest in the small intestine, testis, kidneys, heart, thyroid, and adipose tissue, and were the lowest in the blood, spleen, bone marrow, brain, blood vessels, and muscle. ACE2 showed medium expression levels in the lungs, colon, liver, bladder, and adrenal gland. ACE2 was not differentially expressed between males and females or between younger and older persons in any tissue. In the skin, digestive system, brain, and blood vessels, ACE2 expression levels were positively associated with immune signatures in both males and females. In the thyroid and lungs, ACE2 expression levels were positively and negatively associated with immune signatures in males and females, respectively, and in the lungs they had a positive and a negative correlation in the older and younger groups, respectively. Our data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 may infect other tissues aside from the lungs and infect persons with different sexes, ages, and races equally. The different host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection may partially explain why males and females, young and old persons infected with this virus have markedly distinct disease severity. This study provides new insights into the role of ACE2 in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32379888, "pmcid": "PMC7239230", "title": "Acute Coronary Syndromes undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the COVID-19 Era: Comparable Case Volumes but Delayed Symptom Onset to Hospital Presentation.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes", "authors": ["Toner, Liam", "Koshy, Anoop N", "Hamilton, Garry W", "Clark, David", "Farouque, Omar", "Yudi, Matias B"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379888", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32052841, "pmcid": "PMC7107565", "title": "Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Wilder-Smith, A", "Freedman, D O"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32052841", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303704, "title": "The race against COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Nanotechnol", "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303704", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316079, "title": "Addressing the Experience of Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Psychiatry", "authors": ["Wagner, Karen Dineen"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316079", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246917, "pmcid": "PMC7176927", "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: causality or coincidence?", "journal": "Lancet Neurol", "authors": ["Zhao, Hua", "Shen, Dingding", "Zhou, Haiyan", "Liu, Jun", "Chen, Sheng"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246917", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269034, "title": "Covid-19: Trump threatens to stop funding WHO amid \"China-centric\" claims.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269034", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479104, "title": "Special report: Early use of ICD-10-CM code \"U07.1, COVID-19\" to identify 2019 novel coronavirus cases in Military Health System administrative data.", "journal": "MSMR", "authors": ["Clausen, Shawn", "Stahlman, Shauna", "Cost, Angelia"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479104", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This report describes early exploratory analysis of ICD-10-CM code U07.1 (2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease [COVID-19]) to assess the use of administrative data for case ascertainment, syndromic surveillance, and future epidemiological studies. Out of the 2,950 possible COVID-19 cases identified between 1 April 2020 and 4 May 2020, 600 (20.3%) were detected in the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS) and not in the Disease Reporting System internet (DRSi) or in Health Level 7 laboratory data from the Composite Health Care System. Among the 150 out of 600 cases identified exclusively in the DMSS and selected for Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology Application (AHLTA) review, 16 (10.7%) had a certified positive lab result in AHLTA, 17 (11.3%) met Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) criteria for a probable case, 46 (30.7%) were not cases based on CSTE criteria, and 71 (47.3%) had evidence of a positive lab result from an outside source. Lack of full capture of lab results may continue to be a challenge as the variety of available tests expands. Administrative data may provide an important stopgap measure for detecting lab positive cases, pending incorporation of new COVID-19 tests and standardization of test and result nomenclature."}, {"pmid": 32404358, "title": "Covid-19: International staff are considered vital to NHS's efforts, survey finds.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404358", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469483, "title": "Screening for Covid-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hatfield, Kelly M", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Jernigan, John A"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469483", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322397, "pmcid": "PMC7175902", "title": "Potential use of hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin and azithromycin drugs in fighting COVID-19: trends, scope and relevance.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Choudhary, Renuka", "Sharma, Anil K", "Choudhary, Renuka"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322397", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Alarming situation has been caused due to the emergence of COVID-19 infection around the world. There is an urgency of developing a therapeutic strategy in order to control the spread of COVID-19. Towards that initiative, potential drugs like hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin and azithromycin have been tested by diverse group of researchers worldwide for their potential against novel coronavirus. The present report presents together the comprehensive knowledge derived from the major researches about the above drugs altogether in context of the current health emergency around the world. Hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin were known to act by creating the acidic environment and inhibiting the importin (IMP\u03b1/\u03b21) mediated viral import. Azithromycin was found to act similar to the hydroxychloroquine as an acidotropic lipophilic weak base. All the three categories of drugs seemed to potentially act against novel coronavirus infection. However, their efficacies need to be studied in detail individually and in combination in-vivo in order to combat COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32307120, "pmcid": "PMC7128096", "title": "Palliative care strategies offer guidance to clinicians and comfort for COVID-19 patient and families.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Feder, Shelli", "Akgun, Kathleen M", "Schulman-Green, Dena"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307120", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397895, "title": "COVID-19 and Diabetes-A View From India.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Mohan, Viswanathan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397895", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID - 19 has been one of the greatest disasters in human history. It has completely disrupted our lives. With regard to medical practice, it changed the way doctors started treating patients. One of the positives of COVID - 19 has been the emergnece of telemedicine in treating chronic conditions like diabetes. In India, telemedicine which was illegal was rapidly legalised and gudelines for telemedicine were drawn up. This commentay describes our approach to treating diabetes patiens during the COVID lockdown period based on experience at a large tertiary diabetes centre in India."}, {"pmid": 32457086, "title": "Can video consultations replace face-to-face interviews? Palliative medicine and the Covid-19 pandemic: rapid review.", "journal": "BMJ Support Palliat Care", "authors": ["Sutherland, Anna Elizabeth", "Stickland, Jane", "Wee, Bee"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457086", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the Covid-19 pandemic, a strategy to minimise face-to-face (FtF) visits and limit viral spread is essential. Video consultations offer clinical assessment despite restricted movement of people.We undertook a rapid literature review to identify the highest currently available level of evidence to inform this major change in clinical practice. We present a narrative synthesis of the one international and one national guideline and two systematic reviews-all published within the last 18 months.The global evidence appears to support video consultations as an effective, accessible, acceptable and cost-effective method of service delivery. Organisations must ensure software is simple, effective, reliable and safe, with the highest level of security for confidentiality.Although video consultations cannot fully replace FtF, they can radically reduce the need for FtF and the risk of Covid-19 spread in our communities while maintaining high standards of care. For patient safety, it will be critical to follow the WHO guidance regarding: a standard operating procedure; clinical protocols for when video consultations can (and cannot) be used; policies to ensure equity of access in disadvantaged populations; adequate staff training; and administrative support to coordinate appointments."}, {"pmid": 32289016, "pmcid": "PMC7104236", "title": "Herbal medicine and pattern identification for treating COVID-19: a rapid review of guidelines.", "journal": "Integr Med Res", "authors": ["Ang, Lin", "Lee, Hye Won", "Choi, Jun Yong", "Zhang, Junhua", "Soo Lee, Myeong"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289016", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is pandemic and has caused illness to many people worldwide. This review aimed to summarize and analyze the herbal formulae provided by the guidelines for their pattern identifications (PIs) and compositions of herbs to treat patients with COVID-19. We searched 7 data sources for eligible traditional medicine guidelines up to March 6, 2020 and found a total of 28 traditional medicine guidelines that provide treatment measures for COVID-19. Of the 28 guidelines, there were 26 government-issued Chinese guidelines and 2 Korean guidelines. After standardizing the terminology of the PIs and herbal formulae, there were 8 PIs and 23 herbal formulae for the mild stage, 11 PIs and 31 herbal formulae for the moderate stage, 8 PIs and 21 herbal formulae for the severe stage, and 6 PIs and 23 herbal formulae for the recovery stage in the Chinese guidelines. In the Korean guidelines, there were 4 PIs and 15 herbal formulae for the mild stage, 3 PIs and 3 herbal formulae for the severe stage, and 2 PIs and 2 herbal formulae for the recovery stage. In the frequency analysis of herbs, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma was found to be the herb with the highest frequency of usage in the Chinese guidelines. This review can be used as guidance for the traditional medicine treatment of COVID-19. Clinical evidence is needed in the future to evaluate the efficacy of traditional medicine."}, {"pmid": 32440905, "pmcid": "PMC7241284", "title": "A simple negative-pressure protective barrier for extubation of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Hung, Orlando", "Hung, David", "Hung, Christopher", "Stewart, Ronald"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440905", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376309, "pmcid": "PMC7196533", "title": "Viral kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic carriers and presymptomatic patients.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kim, Seong Eun", "Jeong, Hae Seong", "Yu, Yohan", "Shin, Sung Un", "Kim, Soosung", "Oh, Tae Hoon", "Kim, Uh Jin", "Kang, Seung-Ji", "Jang, Hee-Chang", "Jung, Sook-In", "Park, Kyung-Hwa"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376309", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From a total of 71 laboratory-confirmed cases, three presymptomatic patients and 10 patients with entirely asymptomatic infections were identified. In two of the three incubation period patients, the viral titer in the presymptomatic period was very high (Ct value<20). The median number of days to first negative RT-PCR in the asymptomatic carriers was 4.5 (range 2.5-9), and all asymptomatic carriers reached a first RT-PCR Ct>35 within 14 days after diagnosis. Patients who have COVID-19 may already be infectious before there are symptoms, and 14 days of isolation after diagnosis may be sufficient in entirely asymptomatic cases."}, {"pmid": 32444297, "pmcid": "PMC7204738", "title": "Gun violence during COVID-19 pandemic: Paradoxical trends in New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles and Baltimore.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Sutherland, Mason", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444297", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516467, "title": "Testing Asymptomatic Emergency Department Patients for Coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) in a Low Prevalence Region.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ford, James S", "Parikh, Aman", "Sandhu, Rupinder", "Turnipseed, Samuel", "Morris, Beth", "May, Larissa", "Holmes, James F"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516467", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first cases of Coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) were reported in Wuhan, China in December 20191 . The literature demonstrates geographical variation with regards to estimates of infection incidence, suggesting that COVID-19 has been underdiagnosed in certain regions2,3 . The rate of asymptomatic infection has been estimated to be as high as 30.8%, which may help explain variation in incidence, particularly in regions with differing screening practices 3 . Transmission of COVID-19 by asymptomatic carriers has been reported in multiple family units, indicating that this mode of infection is important in understanding disease epidemiology and population risk4,5 ."}, {"pmid": 32435791, "title": "Connecting hydroxychloroquine in vitro antiviral activity to in vivo concentration for prediction of antiviral effect: a critical step in treating COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Fan, Jianghong", "Zhang, Xinyuan", "Liu, Jiang", "Yang, Yuching", "Zheng, Nan", "Liu, Qi", "Bergman, Kimberly", "Reynolds, Kellie", "Huang, Shiew-Mei", "Zhu, Hao", "Wang, Yaning"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435791", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Translation of in vitro antiviral activity to the in vivo setting is crucial to identify potentially effective dosing regimens of hydroxychloroquine. In vitro EC50/EC90 values for hydroxychloroquine should be compared to the in vivo free extracellular tissue concentration, which is similar to the free plasma hydroxychloroquine concentration."}, {"pmid": 32503823, "title": "A New Method for Testing Filtration Efficiency of Mask Materials Under Sneeze-like Pressure.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Xiao, L I", "Sakagami, Hiroshi", "Miwa, Nobuhiko"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503823", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sneezes produce many pathogen-containing micro-droplets with high velocities of 4.5-50.0 m/s. Face masks are believed to protect people from infection by blocking those droplets. However, current filtration efficiency tests can't evaluate masks under sneeze-like pressure. The goal of this study was to establish a method to evaluate the filtration efficiency of mask materials under extreme conditions. Efficiency of surgical masks, gauze masks, gauze, cotton, silk, linen and tissue paper on blocking micro-droplet sized starch particles (average 8.2 \u03bcm) and latex microspheres (0.75 \u03bcm) with a velocity of 44.4 m/s created by centrifugation was qualitatively analyzed by using imaging-based analysis. The 4 layers of silk could block 93.8% of microspheres and 88.9% of starch particles, followed by the gauze mask (78.5% of microspheres and 90.4% of starch particles) and the 2 layers of cotton (74.6% of microspheres and 87.5-89.0% of particles). Other materials also blocked 53.2-66.5% of microspheres and 76.4%-87.9% of particles except the 8 layers of gauze which only blocked 36.7% of particles. The filtration efficiency was improved by the increased layers of materials. Centrifugation-based filtration efficiency test not only compensates shortcomings of current tests for masks, but also offers a simple way to explore new mask materials during pandemics. Common mask materials can potentially provide protection against respiratory droplet transmission."}, {"pmid": 32295479, "pmcid": "PMC7196925", "title": "Reverse vaccinology approach to design a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate against COVID-19: an in silico study.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Enayatkhani, Maryam", "Hasaniazad, Mehdi", "Faezi, Sobhan", "Guklani, Hamed", "Davoodian, Parivash", "Ahmadi, Nahid", "Einakian, Mohammad Ali", "Karmostaji, Afsaneh", "Ahmadi, Khadijeh"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295479", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV, the causative agent of COVID-19) has caused worldwide social and economic disruption. The disturbing statistics of this infection promoted us to develop an effective vaccine candidate against the COVID-19. In this study, bioinformatics approaches were employed to design and introduce a novel multi-epitope vaccine against 2019-nCoV that can potentially trigger both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immune responses and investigated its biological activities by computational tools. Three known antigenic proteins (Nucleocapsid, ORF3a, and Membrane protein, hereafter called NOM) from the virus were selected and analyzed for prediction of the potential immunogenic B and T-cell epitopes and then validated using bioinformatics tools. Based on in silico analysis, we have constructed a multi-epitope vaccine candidate (NOM) with five rich-epitopes domain including highly scored T and B-cell epitopes. After predicting and evaluating of the third structure of the protein candidate, the best 3\u2009D predicted model was applied for docking studies with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and HLA-A*11:01. In the next step, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to evaluate the stability of the designed fusion protein with TLR4 and HLA-A*11:01 receptors. MD studies demonstrated that the NOM-TLR4 and NOM-HLA-A*11:01 docked models were stable during simulation time. In silico evaluation showed that the designed chimeric protein could simultaneously elicit humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32379038, "title": "Pediatric Hospital Medicine Management, Staffing, and Well-being in the Face of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Meier, Katie A", "Jerardi, Karen E", "Statile, Angela M", "Shah, Samir S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379038", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490022, "pmcid": "PMC7141793", "title": "COVID-19: Preliminary Clinical Guidelines for Ophthalmology Practices.", "journal": "Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Gharebaghi, Reza", "Desuatels, Jordan", "Moshirfar, Majid", "Parvizi, Maryam", "Daryabari, Seyed-Hashem", "Heidary, Fatemeh"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490022", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The zoonotic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its resultant human coronavirus disease (COVID-19) recently appeared as a global health threat that can cause severe respiratory infection and terminal respiratory distress. By the first week of April, more than 1.3 million people had been globally infected and more than 70,000 had lost their lives to this contagious virus. Clinical manifestations occur shortly after exposure, or a few days later. There is controversy regarding the transmission of the virus through the tear and conjunctiva; however, there are reports that the ocular surface might be a potential target for COVID-19. The ease of transmission of this virus at close proximity presents a risk to eyecare workers. Several recommendations have been issued by local and national organizations to address the issue of safe ophthalmic practice during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. These guidelines have numerous similarities; however, subtle differences exist. The purpose of this paper was to discuss measures, with a specific focus on standard precautions, to prevent further dissemination of COVID-19 at Eye Clinics. We have proposed procedures to triage suspected cases of COVID-19, considering emergency conditions."}, {"pmid": 32441710, "title": "Personal protection and delivery of rhinologic and endoscopic skull base procedures during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Rhinology", "authors": ["Van Gerven, L", "Hellings, P W", "Cox, T", "Fokkens, W", "Hopkins, C", "Hox, V", "Jorissen, M", "Schuermans, A", "Sinonquel, P", "Speleman, K", "Vander Poorten, V", "Van Gool, K", "Van Zele, T", "Alobid, I"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441710", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11th 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 pandemic, with subsequent profound impact on the entire health care system. During the COVID-19 outbreak, activities in the rhinology outpatient clinic and operation rooms are limited to emergency care only. Health care practitioners are faced with the need to perform rhinological and skull base emergency procedures in patients with a positive or unknown COVID-19 status. This article aims to provide recommendations and relevant information for rhinologists, based on the limited amount of (anecdotal) data, to guarantee high-quality patient care and adequate levels of infection prevention in the rhinology clinic."}, {"pmid": 32354552, "pmcid": "PMC7129908", "title": "A Call to Arms, Not to Disarm: The Importance of Psychiatric Care in the Acute Medical Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Psychosomatics", "authors": ["Montalvo, Cristina", "Kao, Larkin Elderon"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354552", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533799, "title": "Family-based treatment via videoconference: Clinical recommendations for treatment providers during COVID-19 and beyond.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Matheson, Brittany E", "Bohon, Cara", "Lock, James"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533799", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The necessity to employ distance-based methods to deliver on-going eating disorder care due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic represents a dramatic and urgent shift in treatment delivery. Yet, TeleHealth treatments for eating disorders in youth have not been adequately researched or rigorously tested. Based on clinical experience within our clinic and research programs, we aim to highlight the common challenges clinicians may encounter in providing family-based treatment (FBT) via TeleHealth for children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. We also discuss possible solutions and offer practical considerations for providers delivering FBT in this format. Additional research in TeleHealth treatment for eating disorders in youth may lead to improved access, efficiency, and effectiveness of FBT delivered via videoconferencing."}, {"pmid": 32329811, "title": "The nucleic acid test of induced sputum should be used for estimation of patients cure with 2019-nCov.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Wang, Q-X", "Zeng, X-H", "Zheng, S-L"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329811", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338254, "title": "Olfactory and rhinological evaluations in SARS-CoV-2 patients complaining of olfactory loss.", "journal": "Rhinology", "authors": ["Ottaviano, G", "Carecchio, M", "Scarpa, B", "Marchese-Ragona, R"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338254", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) outbreak emerged in China and spread rapidly in several countries. As of April 5, 2020, 1.218.474 cases were confirmed with 65.884 deaths worldwide (1). The clinical manifestations of Covid-19 range from asymptomatic carrier status to severe pneumonia. In a study of 7,736 Covid-19 patients in China, of all the clinical symptoms, hyposmia was not reported in any patient(2). Anyway, it is now clear that olfactory dysfunction may also be present in these patients(3) as the only or prevalent manifestation(4)."}, {"pmid": 32369615, "pmcid": "PMC7267441", "title": "Favourable outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 in a 1-year-old girl with acute myeloid leukaemia and severe treatment-induced immunosuppression.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Sieni, Elena", "Pegoraro, Francesco", "Casini, Tommaso", "Tondo, Annalisa", "Bortone, Barbara", "Moriondo, Maria", "Azzari, Chiara", "Galli, Luisa", "Favre, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369615", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420610, "title": "Temporal changes in immune blood cell parameters in COVID-19 infection and recovery from severe infection.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Yip, Christina Y C", "Yap, Eng Soo", "De Mel, Sanjay", "Teo, Winnie Z Y", "Lee, Chun-Tsu", "Kan, Sheryl", "Lee, Melvin C C", "Loh, Will N H", "Lim, Er Luen", "Lee, Shir Ying"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420610", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360581, "pmcid": "PMC7192107", "title": "Nitazoxanide/azithromycin combination for COVID-19: A suggested new protocol for early management.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Kelleni, Mina T"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360581", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Azithromycin has been shown to have a clinical efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; ivermectin has also demonstrated a remarkable experimental efficacy with a potential to be used for Coronavirus disease 2019. Further, BCG vaccination is being considered for clinical trials aiming to test its potential for lowering COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. This article illustrates some structural and functional relationships that may gather these drugs and the author, basing on a combined pathophysiological and pharmacological approach, recommends the FDA-approved antidiarrhea drug; nitazoxanide, which has been previously suggested but unfortunately widely ignored, to be tested in combination with azithromycin for their potential activity against SARS CoV-2, soonest. The author also recommends testing their combined administration as early during the clinical course of COVID-19 as possible. Further, basing on the same represented concept, the author suggests more trials for interferons to be tested against SARS CoV-2, especially in severe and critical COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32527346, "title": "[Effect of Xuebijing injection on inflammatory markers and disease outcome of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Wen, Long", "Zhou, Zhiguo", "Jiang, Dixuan", "Huang, Kang"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527346", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To observe the influence of Xuebijing injection on the inflammatory markers and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Sixty severe COVID-19 patients admitted to Changsha Public Health Treatment Center (North Hospital of the First Hospital of Changsha City) from January to March in 2020 were randomly divided into routine treatment group, Xuebijing 50 mL group and Xuebijing 100 mL group, with 20 cases in each group. The routine treatment group was treated according to the National Health Commission's guide for COVID-19. On the basis of conventional treatment, Xuebijing injection was injected by 50 mL twice a day for 7 days in Xuebijing 50 mL group, while by 100 mL twice a day for 7 days in Xuebijing 100 mL group. The blood routine test, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid test and disease classification of three groups before and 8 days after treatment were observed. (1) After treatment, the white blood cell count (WBC) and lymphocyte count (LYM) of three groups increased, meanwhile CRP and ESR decreased. Compared with routine treatment group, the WBC count of Xuebijing 100 mL group after treatment significantly increased (\u00d7109/L: 7.12\u00b10.55 vs. 5.67\u00b10.51, P < 0.05), and the levels of CRP and ESR in Xuebijing 50 mL and 100 mL groups significantly decreased [CRP (mg/L): 32.3\u00b14.6, 28.0\u00b16.2 vs. 37.3\u00b15.9; ESR (mm/1 h): 45.9\u00b15.7, 40.5\u00b17.4 vs. 55.3\u00b16.6, all P < 0.05]. Compared with Xuebijing 50 mL group, the increase of WBC, and the decrease of CRP and ESR were more significant in Xuebijing 100 mL group [WBC (\u00d7109/L): 7.12\u00b10.55 vs. 5.82\u00b10.49, CRP (mg/L): 28.0\u00b16.2 vs. 32.3\u00b14.6, ESR (mm/1 h): 40.5\u00b17.4 vs. 45.9\u00b15.7, all P < 0.05]. (2) After treatment, the APACHE II score of three groups decreased. In Xuebijing 100 mL group, the APACHE II score after treatment was significantly lower than those in routine treatment and Xuebijing 50 mL groups (12.3\u00b11.5 vs. 16.5\u00b11.6, 15.9\u00b11.4, both P < 0.05). After treatment, the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test in three groups partly turned negative, with 9 cases in routine treatment group, 8 cases in Xuebijing 50 mL group and 9 cases in Xuebijing 100 mL group, without significant difference (P > 0.05). The conditions of patients in the three groups were improved after treatment, among them, 8 cases in the routine treatment group were transformed into common type, 1 case into critical type; 9 cases and 12 cases of Xuebijing 50 mL group and 100 mL group were transformed into common type respectively. Xuebijing 100 mL group was improved more obviously than Xuebijing 50 mL group and routine treatment group (both P < 0.05). The Xuebijing injection can effectively improve the inflammatory markers and prognosis of severe COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32216634, "title": "Faith, Politics and the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Turkish Response.", "journal": "Med Anthropol", "authors": ["Alyanak, Oguz"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216634", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32099717, "pmcid": "PMC7031769", "title": "Should, and how can, exercise be done during a coronavirus outbreak? An interview with Dr. Jeffrey A. Woods.", "journal": "J Sport Health Sci", "authors": ["Zhu, Weimo"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32099717", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376543, "pmcid": "PMC7086126", "title": "[Dandelion clock-like sign on CT for diagnose of COVID-19].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Fu, Xiaobin", "Li, Jiesheng", "Huang, Zhou", "Xu, Zhiming", "Yao, Weiping", "Cui, Yunneng", "Ouyang, Kexun", "Liu, Huaizhong"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376543", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the value of the \"dandelion clock-like\" sign on chest CT for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia. This retrospective analysis was conducted based on the data of 119 cases from the Department of Fever and the Department of Infection undergoing chest high-resolution CT examinations in Sanshui District People's Hospital between January, 24 and February 10, 2020. The cases with no abnormality on chest CT were excluded. Twenty-three patients were diagnosed to have pneumonia, including 9 with SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia and 14 with other types of pneumonia. We comparatively analyzed the CT signs, location of the lesions and the dandelion clock-like sign among different types of pneumonia. Among the 23 patients with pneumonia, 9 (39.1%) had common or severe SARS-CoV-2- associated pneumonia with a positive epidemiological history and corresponding respiratory symptoms. Seven of the SARSCoV-2-associated pneumonia patients had multiple lesions in bilateral lungs, compromising mainly the lung field and the subpleural area and showing patchy, lumpy, and umbrella-shaped ground glass opacity, often accompanied by pulmonary vascular thickening and increased microvessels, interlobular septal thickening and fibrosis and lined with grid-like and small-bubble-like \"crazy-paving\" patterns. The dandelion clock-like sign was found in all the 9 patients with SARSCoV-2-associated pneumonia, with a total of 46 lesions (60.5%, 76 total lesions); 9 of the lesions presented with a \"dandelion clek-like\" sign and 37 with a \"dandelion seed sign\". These signs were not found in the 14 patients with other types of pneumonia. The dandelion clock-like sign is a common and characteristic chest CT finding in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia, and can help to distinguish SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia from other types of pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32463980, "title": "Thyroid FNA in the time of coronavirus: The interventional cytopathologist point of view.", "journal": "Cancer Cytopathol", "authors": ["Bellevicine, Claudio", "Vigliar, Elena", "Troncone, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463980", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321662, "pmcid": "PMC7161483", "title": "Surgical tracheostomies in Covid-19 patients: important considerations and the \"5Ts\" of safety.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Broderick, Damian", "Kyzas, Panayiotis", "Sanders, Kevin", "Sawyerr, Alistair", "Katre, Chetan", "Vassiliou, Leandros"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321662", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (covid19) pandemic (caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus) is the greatest healthcare challenge in a generation. Clinicians are modifying the way they approach day-to-day procedures. Safety and reduction of transmission risk is paramount. Surgical tracheostomies in covid19 patients are aerosol generating procedures linked with a significant risk of viral contamination. Here, we describe our local approach for these procedures, introducing the \"5Ts\" of safe tracheostomy practice: Theatre set-up, Team Briefing, Transfer of patient, Tracheostomy Procedure, Team Doffing and De-brief. We identify the critical steps of the procedure and explain how we overcome the risks associated with breaking the transfer circuit to attach the patient to the theatre ventilator. We explain our technique to reduce secretion spillage when opening the trachea. We emphasise the importance of closed tracheal suctioning and mouth suctioning prior to patient transfer. We highlight the importance of maintaining a closed circuit throughout the procedure and describe tips on how to achieve this. We summarise the steps of our protocol in an \"easy to reproduce\" way. Finally, we emphasise the importance of communication in a constantly changing environment and challenging circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32402930, "pmcid": "PMC7198989", "title": "Letter to the editors in response to: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic (Cure et al.).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ekiz, Timur", "Kara, Murat", "Ozcakar, Levent"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402930", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243894, "pmcid": "PMC7270512", "title": "COVID-19 infection in cancer patients: early observations and unanswered questions.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Oh, W K"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243894", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171390, "pmcid": "PMC7118515", "title": "Real estimates of mortality following COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Baud, David", "Qi, Xiaolong", "Nielsen-Saines, Karin", "Musso, Didier", "Pomar, Leo", "Favre, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171390", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463589, "title": "How medical education can help in a COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Clin Teach", "authors": ["Roberts, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463589", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464100, "pmcid": "PMC7247785", "title": "Rethinking the role of the school after COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Colao, Annamaria", "Piscitelli, Prisco", "Pulimeno, Manuela", "Colazzo, Salvatore", "Miani, Alessandro", "Giannini, Stefania"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464100", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420918, "title": "Foreword: Research in times of pandemic COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Vanelli, Maurizio", "Signorelli, Carlo", "De Sanctis, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420918", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Editorial."}, {"pmid": 32418672, "pmcid": "PMC7164897", "title": "Mental Well-Being of Nursing Staff During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: A Cultural Perspective.", "journal": "J Emerg Nurs", "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418672", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513626, "title": "Telecardiology in times of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Postigo, Andrea", "Gonzalez-Mansilla, Ana", "Bermejo, Javier", "Elizaga, Jaime", "Fernandez-Aviles, Francisco", "Martinez-Selles, Manuel"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455550, "title": "The Psychological Impact of Confinement Linked to the Coronavirus Epidemic COVID-19 in Algeria.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Madani, Azzeddine", "Boutebal, Saad Eddine", "Bryant, Christopher Robin"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455550", "countries": ["Algeria"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread in countries around the world. The impact of this virus is very great on populations following the application of total and partial containment measures. Our study aims to study the psychological impact of total and partial containment applied in Algeria, on 23 March 2020, following the spread of the virus COVID-19 and also studied the habits and behaviors of the Algerian population during this new way of life and this through a cross-sectional survey launched after three days from the start of confinement to quickly assess the impacts over the period from 23 March to 12 April 2020, by an online questionnaire which allowed us to obtain 678 responses from Internet users, who live in confinement in Algeria. According to the gender variable, our sample includes 405 men, or 59.7%, and 273 women, representing 40.3%. The results of the statistical analysis carried out using SPSS version 22.0 software showed that 50.3% of the respondents were in an anxious situation during these first three weeks of confinement. In addition, 48.2% feels stressed, 46.6% of the respondents confirmed to be feeling in a bad mood, and 47.4% do not stop thinking throughout the day about this epidemic and how to protect themselves. In addition, the study shows that 87.9% of the respondents in Algeria found it difficult to follow the confinement instructions. A significant change in the habits of the population was noted especially for the time of going to bed, the time of waking up, and the use of the Internet as well as the hours devoted to daily reading."}, {"pmid": 32302225, "title": "Telemedicine in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications in Facial Plastic Surgery.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Shokri, Tom", "Lighthall, Jessyka G"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398429, "pmcid": "PMC7219845", "title": "A response to: Determining Urgent/Emergent status of Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopic Procedures in an Ambulatory Care Setting during the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Hagan, Katherine B", "Raju, Gottumukkala", "Carlson, Richard", "Gottumukkala, Vijaya"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398429", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395787, "title": "First case of imported and confirmed COVID-19 in Tunisia.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Chakroun, Hajer", "Ben Lasfar, Nadia", "Fall, Salihou", "Maha, Abid", "El Moussi, Awatef", "Abid, Salma", "Rouis, Sana", "Bellazreg, Foued", "Abassi-Bakir, Dajla", "Bouafif Ben Alaya, Nissaf", "Boutiba Ben Boubaker, Ilhem", "Hachfi, Wissem", "Letaief, Amel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395787", "countries": ["Tunisia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486469, "title": "COVID-19 Related Coagulopathy: A Distinct Entity?", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Marchandot, Benjamin", "Sattler, Laurent", "Jesel, Laurence", "Matsushita, Kensuke", "Schini-Kerth, Valerie", "Grunebaum, Lelia", "Morel, Olivier"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486469", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted healthcare communities across the globe on an unprecedented scale. Patients have had diverse clinical outcomes, but those developing COVID-19-related coagulopathy have shown a disproportionately worse outcome. This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding the epidemiology, clinical features, known and presumed pathophysiology-based models, and treatment guidance regarding COVID-19 coagulopathy."}, {"pmid": 32398303, "pmcid": "PMC7236835", "title": "An Italian sacrifice to COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Nava, Stefano", "Tonelli, Roberto", "Clini, Enrico"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398303", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241766, "title": "Are UK doctors getting sufficient protective equipment against covid-19?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sayburn, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241766", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247931, "pmcid": "PMC7270728", "title": "Incidence of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection among people under home quarantine in Shenzhen, China.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Jingzhong", "Liao, Yi", "Wang, Xiaoyang", "Li, Yichong", "Jiang, Dan", "He, Jianfan", "Zhang, Shunxiang", "Xia, Junjie"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247931", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of 2019-nCoV in December, Chinese government has implemented various measures including travel bans, centralized treatments, and home quarantines to slowing the transmission across the country. In this study, we aimed to estimate the incidence of 2019-nCoV infection among people under home quarantine in Shenzhen, China. We used a stratified multistage random sampling method to recruit participants and collected demographic information and laboratory results of people under home quarantine. We conducted descriptive analysis to estimate the basic characteristics and to calculate the incidence in out study population. A total of 2004 people under home quarantine participated in this study, of which 1637 participants finished the questionnaire with a response rate of 81.7%. Mean age of the participants was 33.7 years, ranging from 0.3 to 80.2 years. Of people who provided clear travel history, 129 people have traveled to Wuhan city and 1,046 people have traveled to other cities in Hubei province within 14 days before the home quarantine. Few (less than 1%) participants reported contact history with confirmed or suspected cases during their trip and most of these arrived at Shenzhen between Jan 24, 2020 to Jan 27, 2020. The incidence of COVID-19 in the sample was 1.5\u2030 (95% CI: 0.31\u2030-4.37\u2030). Home quarantine has been effective in preventing the early transmission of COVID-19, but that more needs to be done to improve early detection of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32334393, "pmcid": "PMC7170794", "title": "Letter to the editor regarding article: Estimation of effects of nationwide lockdown for containing coronavirus infection on worsening of glycosylated haemoglobin and increase in diabetes-related complications: A simulation model using multivariate regression analysis (Ghoshal et al.).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Kumar, Ashish", "Arora, Anil", "Sharma, Praveen"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334393", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271722, "pmcid": "PMC7147908", "title": "Presymptomatic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 - Singapore, January 23-March 16, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Wei, Wycliffe E", "Li, Zongbin", "Chiew, Calvin J", "Yong, Sarah E", "Toh, Matthias P", "Lee, Vernon J"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271722", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Presymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), might pose challenges for disease control. The first case of COVID-19 in Singapore was detected on January 23, 2020, and by March 16, a total of 243 cases had been confirmed, including 157 locally acquired cases. Clinical and epidemiologic findings of all COVID-19 cases in Singapore through March 16 were reviewed to determine whether presymptomatic transmission might have occurred. Presymptomatic transmission was defined as the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected person (source patient) to a secondary patient before the source patient developed symptoms, as ascertained by exposure and symptom onset dates, with no evidence that the secondary patient had been exposed to anyone else with COVID-19. Seven COVID-19 epidemiologic clusters in which presymptomatic transmission likely occurred were identified, and 10 such cases within these clusters accounted for 6.4% of the 157 locally acquired cases. In the four clusters for which the date of exposure could be determined, presymptomatic transmission occurred 1-3 days before symptom onset in the presymptomatic source patient. To account for the possibility of presymptomatic transmission, officials developing contact tracing protocols should strongly consider including a period before symptom onset. Evidence of presymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 underscores the critical role social distancing, including avoidance of congregate settings, plays in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32437649, "pmcid": "PMC7234778", "title": "Challenges in the interpretation and application of typical imaging features of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Hammer, Mark M", "Raptis, Constantine A", "Henry, Travis S", "Shah, Amar", "Bhalla, Sanjeev", "Hope, Michael D"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437649", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495915, "title": "Standardized out-patient diagnosis and treatment process for osteoporosis clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Zou, J", "Song, D-W", "Niu, J-J", "Shi, J-W", "Yang, H-L"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495915", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the end of 2019, China and other regions around the world have been facing a pandemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). The virus is highly transmissible, and the human population is generally susceptible. Most patients with osteoporosis are postmenopausal women or elderly people with hypoimmunity, so the osteoporosis clinic has become a new hotspot for corona virus infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to establish standardized out-patient protocols to provide safe and effective treatment for osteoporosis patients and medical staff. In an osteoporosis clinic, we advocate the following suggestions to prevent and control osteoporosis during the pandemic period: (1) specialized diagnosis and treatment techniques for osteoporosis patients in the outpatient care, including enhancing the prevention for outpatient medical staff, strengthening awareness of COVID-19 prevention, strictly screening outpatients with COVID-19 infection, and insistent administration of anti-osteoporosis drugs during outbreaks; (2) home prevention for osteoporosis patients including keeping windows open, exposing them to sunlight, supplementing them with enough protein, exercising regularly, and administrating calcium supplements; and (3) simplifying the follow-up and evaluation of osteoporosis using online platforms."}, {"pmid": 32471783, "pmcid": "PMC7243756", "title": "Silent hypoxia: A harbinger of clinical deterioration in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Wilkerson, R Gentry", "Adler, Jason D", "Shah, Nirav G", "Brown, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471783", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus can present with a wide variety of symptoms including being entirely asymptomatic. Despite having no or minimal symptoms, some patients may have markedly reduced pulse oximetry readings. This has been referred to as \"silent\" or \"apathetic\" hypoxia (Ottestad et al., 2020 [1]). We present a case of a 72-year-old male with COVID-19 syndrome who presented to the emergency department with minimal symptoms but low peripheral oxygen saturation readings. The patient deteriorated over the following days and eventually died as a result of overwhelming multi-organ system failure. This case highlights the utility of peripheral oxygen measurements in the evaluation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Self-monitoring of pulse oximetry by patients discharged from the emergency department is a potential way to identify patients needing to return for further evaluation."}, {"pmid": 32271070, "title": "Traumatic stress in the age of COVID-19: A call to close critical gaps and adapt to new realities.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Horesh, Danny", "Brown, Adam D"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271070", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) is transforming every aspect of our lives. Identified in late 2019, COVID-19 quickly became characterized as a global pandemic by March of 2020. Given the rapid acceleration of transmission, and the lack of preparedness to prevent and treat this virus, the negative impacts of COVID-19 are rippling through every facet of society. Although large numbers of people throughout the world will show resilience to the profound loss, stress, and fear associated with COVID-19, the virus will likely exacerbate existing mental health disorders and contribute to the onset of new stress-related disorders for many. The field of traumatic stress should address the serious needs that will emerge now and well into the future. However, we propose that these efforts may be limited, in part, by ongoing gaps that exist within our research and clinical care. In particular, we suggest that COVID-19 requires us to prioritize and mobilize as a research and clinical community around several key areas: (a) diagnostics, (b) prevention, (c) public outreach and communication, (d) working with medical staff and mainstreaming into nonmental health services, and (e) COVID-19-specific trauma research. As members of our community begin to rapidly develop and test interventions for COVID-19-related distress, we hope that those in positions of leadership in the field of traumatic stress consider limits of our current approaches, and invest the intellectual and financial resources urgently needed in order to innovate, forge partnerships, and develop the technologies to support those in greatest need. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32420705, "title": "[COVID-19: care at home or in hospital? Considerations in primary care].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Harskamp, R E", "de Meij, M A", "Cals, J W L", "Reesink, H J", "Geersing, G J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420705", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a treacherous disease, in which infected patients who appear to fare well can deteriorate rapidly, mostly due to respiratory failure. For general practitioners (and other first-line responders), a clinical evaluation at any given time merely provides a snapshot of the patient's condition. Therefore, frequent monitoring is warranted in at-risk patients. However, there is no one-size-fits-all approach for monitoring, treatment and referral decisions. This is particularly the case in patients with advanced age. In this article, through the use of case examples, we aim to provide guidance when facing difficult management decisions in patients with (suspected) COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32291382, "pmcid": "PMC7240229", "title": "Coronavirus Vaccine: Light at the End of the Tunnel.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Ella, Krishna M", "Mohan, V Krishna"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291382", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently facing an unprecedented global pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Predicting the next source of the pandemic can be very challenging. As vaccination is the best way to prevent an infectious disease, the development of an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 can not only reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with it, but can also lessen the economic impact. As the traditional method of vaccine development takes many years for a vaccine to be available to the society, the vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2 should be speeded up using a pandemic approach\u00a0with fast-track approvals from the regulatory authorities. Various challenges associated with developing a vaccine during the pandemic such as technological hurdles, clinical development pathways, regulatory issues, and support from global funding agencies are expressed here."}, {"pmid": 32454505, "title": "Subclinical Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Sun, Dan-Qin", "Wang, Ting-Yao", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Targher, Giovanni", "Byrne, Christopher D", "Chen, Yong-Ping", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454505", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31967321, "pmcid": "PMC7138088", "title": "Cross-species transmission of the newly identified coronavirus 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ji, Wei", "Wang, Wei", "Zhao, Xiaofang", "Zai, Junjie", "Li, Xingguang"], "date": "2020-01-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31967321", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of viral pneumonia in the city of Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel coronavirus designated 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization, as determined by sequencing the viral RNA genome. Many initial patients were exposed to wildlife animals at the Huanan seafood wholesale market, where poultry, snake, bats, and other farm animals were also sold. To investigate possible virus reservoir, we have carried out comprehensive sequence analysis and comparison in conjunction with relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) bias among different animal species based on the 2019-nCoV sequence. Results obtained from our analyses suggest that the 2019-nCoV may appear to be a recombinant virus between the bat coronavirus and an origin-unknown coronavirus. The recombination may occurred within the viral spike glycoprotein, which recognizes a cell surface receptor. Additionally, our findings suggest that 2019-nCoV has most similar genetic information with bat coronovirus and most similar codon usage bias with snake. Taken together, our results suggest that homologous recombination may occur and contribute to the 2019-nCoV cross-species transmission."}, {"pmid": 32364453, "title": "COVID-19: Answering the call together.", "journal": "J Am Vet Med Assoc", "authors": ["Howe, John A"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364453", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417800, "title": "Implementation of Telemedicine for Urgent and Ongoing Healthcare for Patients with Parkinson's Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: New Expectations for the Future.", "journal": "J Parkinsons Dis", "authors": ["Cubo, Esther", "Hassan, Anhar", "Bloem, Bas R", "Mari, Zoltan"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417800", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337741, "title": "Turning around a medical education conference: Ottawa 2020 in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Nadarajah, Vishna Devi", "Er, Hui Meng", "Lilley, Patricia"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337741", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217531, "title": "Europe's migrant containment policies threaten the response to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Hargreaves, Sally", "Kumar, Bernadette N", "McKee, Martin", "Jones, Lucy", "Veizis, Apostolos"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217531", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504146, "pmcid": "PMC7273129", "title": "Gross and histopathological pulmonary findings in a COVID-19 associated death during self-isolation.", "journal": "Int J Legal Med", "authors": ["Suess, Christine", "Hausmann, Roland"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504146", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Forensic investigations generally contain extensive morphological examinations to accurately diagnose the cause of death. Thus, the appearance of a new disease often creates emerging challenges in morphological examinations due to the lack of available data from autopsy- or biopsy-based research. Since late December 2019, an outbreak of a novel seventh coronavirus disease has been reported in China caused by \"severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\" (SARS-CoV-2). On March 11, 2020, the new clinical condition COVID-19 (Corona-Virus-Disease-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Patients with COVID-19 mainly have a mild disease course, but severe disease onset might result in death due to proceeded lung injury with massive alveolar damage and progressive respiratory failure. However, the detailed mechanisms that cause organ injury still remain unclear. We investigated the morphological findings of a COVID-19 patient who died during self-isolation. Pathologic examination revealed massive bilateral alveolar damage, indicating early-phase \"acute respiratory distress syndrome\" (ARDS). This case emphasizes the possibility of a rapid severe disease onset in previously mild clinical condition and highlights the necessity of a complete autopsy to gain a better understanding of the pathophysiological changes in SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32278369, "pmcid": "PMC7146703", "title": "Palliative care and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278369", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360875, "pmcid": "PMC7192104", "title": "Assessing the Collateral Damage of the Novel Coronavirus: A Call to Action for the Post-COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Vervoort, Dominique", "Luc, Jessica G Y", "Percy, Edward", "Hirji, Sameer", "Lee, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360875", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335200, "pmcid": "PMC7179503", "title": "Is returning to work during the COVID-19 pandemic stressful? A study on immediate mental health status and psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures of Chinese workforce.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Tan, Wanqiu", "Hao, Fengyi", "McIntyre, Roger S", "Jiang, Li", "Jiang, Xiaojiang", "Zhang, Ling", "Zhao, Xinling", "Zou, Yiran", "Hu, Yirong", "Luo, Xi", "Zhang, Zhisong", "Lai, Andre", "Ho, Roger", "Tran, Bach", "Ho, Cyrus", "Tam, Wilson"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335200", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to quantify the immediate psychological effects and psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures of a workforce returning to work during the COVID-19 epidemic. Workforce returning to work was invited to complete an online questionnaire regarding their attitude toward the COVID-19 epidemic and return-to-work along with psychological parameters including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale- 21 (DASS-21) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures include precautions at personal and organization levels. From 673 valid questionnaires, we found that 10.8% of respondents met the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after returning to work. The respondents reported a low prevalence of anxiety (3.8%), depression (3.7%), stress (1.5%) and insomnia (2.3%). There were no significant differences in the severity of psychiatric symptoms between workers/technicians and executives/managers. >95% reported psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures including good ventilation in the workplace and wore a face mask as protective. Factors that were associated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms in the workforce were marital status, presence of physical symptom, poor physical health and viewing return to work as a health hazard (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). In contrast, personal psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures including hand hygiene and wearing face masks as well as organizational measures including significant improvement of workplace hygiene and concerns from the company were associated with less severe psychiatric symptoms (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Contrary to expectations, returning to work had not caused a high level of psychiatric symptoms in the workforce. The low prevalence of psychiatric symptoms could be due to confidence instilled by psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures before the resumption of work. Our findings would provide information for other countries during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32217555, "title": "Covid-19: FDA approves use of convalescent plasma to treat critically ill patients.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217555", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270923, "pmcid": "PMC7262333", "title": "Stand Together and Deliver: Challenges and Opportunities for Rheumatology Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Arthritis Rheumatol", "authors": ["Koumpouras, Fotios", "Helfgott, Simon"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270923", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529795, "title": "Detection of viral SARS-CoV-2 genomes and histopathological changes in endomyocardial biopsies.", "journal": "ESC Heart Fail", "authors": ["Escher, Felicitas", "Pietsch, Heiko", "Aleshcheva, Ganna", "Bock, Thomas", "Baumeier, Christian", "Elsaesser, Albrecht", "Wenzel, Philip", "Hamm, Christian", "Westenfeld, Ralph", "Schultheiss, Maximilian", "Gross, Ulrich", "Morawietz, Lars", "Schultheiss, Heinz-Peter"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529795", "countries": ["China", "Germany"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly throughout China and keeps the world in suspense. Cardiovascular complications with myocarditis and embolism due to COVID-19 have been reported. SARS-CoV-2 genome detection in the heart muscle has not been demonstrated so far, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be investigated. Endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) of 104 patients (mean age: 57.90\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.37\u00a0years; left ventricular ejection fraction: 33.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.6%, sex: n\u00a0=\u00a079 male/25 female) with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart failure were analysed. EMB analysis included histology, immunohistochemistry, and detection of SARS-CoV-2 genomes by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in the IKDT Berlin, Germany. Among 104 EMBs investigated, five were confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infected by reverse real-time transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We describe patients of different history of symptoms and time duration. Additionally, we investigated histopathological changes in myocardial tissue showing that the inflammatory process in EMBs seemed to permeate vascular wall leading to small arterial obliteration and damage. This is the first report that established the evidence of SARS-CoV-2 genomes detection in EMBs. In these patients, myocardial injury ischaemia may play a role, which could explain the ubiquitous troponin increases. EMB-based identification of the cause of myocardial injury may contribute to explain the different evolution of complicated SARS-CoV-2-infection and to design future specific and personalized treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32474129, "pmcid": "PMC7256609", "title": "Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on oncology: Clinical and operational lessons from a prospective radiation oncology cohort tested for COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Ning, Matthew S", "McAleer, Mary Frances", "Jeter, Melenda D", "Minsky, Bruce D", "Ghafar, Robert A", "Robinson, Ivy J", "Nitsch, Paige L", "Zaebst, Denise J", "Todd, Sarah E", "Nguyen, Jennifer", "Lin, Steven H", "Liao, Zhongxing", "Lee, Percy", "Gunn, G Brandon", "Klopp, Ann H", "Dabaja, Bouthaina S", "Nguyen, Quynh-Nhu", "Chronowski, Gregory M", "Bloom, Elizabeth S", "Koong, Albert C", "Das, Prajnan"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic warrants operational initiatives to minimize transmission, particularly among cancer patients who are thought to be at high-risk. Within our department, a multidisciplinary tracer team prospectively monitored all patients under investigation, tracking their test status, treatment delays, clinical outcomes, employee exposures, and quarantines. Prospective cohort tested for SARS-COV-2 infection over 35 consecutive days of the early pandemic (03/19/2020-04/22/2020). A total of 121 Radiation Oncology patients underwent RT-PCR testing during this timeframe. Of the 7 (6%) confirmed-positive cases, 6 patients were admitted (4 warranting intensive care), and 2 died from acute respiratory distress syndrome. Radiotherapy was deferred or interrupted for 40 patients awaiting testing. As the median turnaround time for RT-PCR testing decreased from 1.5 (IQR: 1-4) to \u22641-day (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), the median treatment delay also decreased from 3.5 (IQR: 1.75-5) to 1 business day (IQR: 1-2) [P\u00a0<\u00a00.001]. Each patient was an exposure risk to a median of 5 employees (IQR: 3-6.5) through prolonged close contact. During this timeframe, 39 care-team members were quarantined for a median of 3\u00a0days (IQR: 2-11), with a peak of 17 employees simultaneously quarantined. Following implementation of a \"dual PPE policy,\" newly quarantined employees decreased from 2.9 to 0.5 per day. The severe adverse events noted among these confirmed-positive cases support the notion that cancer patients are vulnerable to COVID-19. Active tracking, rapid diagnosis, and aggressive source control can mitigate the adverse effects on treatment delays, workforce incapacitation, and ideally outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32198088, "pmcid": "PMC7118661", "title": "Transmission potential and severity of COVID-19 in South Korea.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shim, Eunha", "Tariq, Amna", "Choi, Wongyeong", "Lee, Yiseul", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198088", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first case of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) identified on Jan 20, 2020, in South Korea, the number of cases rapidly increased, resulting in 6284 cases including 42 deaths as of Mar 6, 2020. To examine the growth rate of the outbreak, we present the first study to report the reproduction number of COVID-19 in South Korea. The daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 in South Korea were extracted from publicly available sources. By using the empirical reporting delay distribution and simulating the generalized growth model, we estimated the effective reproduction number based on the discretized probability distribution of the generation interval. We identified four major clusters and estimated the reproduction number at 1.5 (95% CI: 1.4-1.6). In addition, the intrinsic growth rate was estimated at 0.6 (95% CI: 0.6, 0.7), and the scaling of growth parameter was estimated at 0.8 (95% CI: 0.7, 0.8), indicating sub-exponential growth dynamics of COVID-19. The crude case fatality rate is higher among males (1.1%) compared to females (0.4%) and increases with older age. Our results indicate an early sustained transmission of COVID-19 in South Korea and support the implementation of social distancing measures to rapidly control the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32531807, "title": "Diabetic foot ulceration in COVID-19 lockdown: cause for concern or unexpected benefit?", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Lipscomb, D", "Smith, A S", "Adamson, S", "Rezazadeh, E M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531807", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 23 March 2020 the United Kingdom went into lockdown to reduce transmission of COVID-19. In order to focus on acute care capacity and maintain social distancing, there was simultaneous widespread change in the depth and breadth of National Health Service (NHS) services and a reduction in preventative care for people with diabetes [1]. We are aware of numerous mainstream media reports of reductions in the numbers of people seeking care for non-COVID emergencies and a reported reduction in referrals for suspected malignancy."}, {"pmid": 32431755, "pmcid": "PMC7220573", "title": "The novel immunomodulatory biologic LMWF5A for pharmacological attenuation of the \"cytokine storm\" in COVID-19 patients: a hypothesis.", "journal": "Patient Saf Surg", "authors": ["Thomas, Gregory", "Frederick, Elizabeth", "Hausburg, Melissa", "Goldberg, Laura", "Hoke, Marshall", "Roshon, Michael", "Mains, Charles", "Bar-Or, David"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431755", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A common complication of viral pulmonary infections, such as in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, is a phenomenon described as a \"cytokine storm\". While poorly defined, this hyperinflammatory response results in diffuse alveolar damage. The low molecular weight fraction of commercial human serum albumin (LMWF5A), a novel biologic in development for osteoarthritis, demonstrates beneficial in vitro immunomodulatory effects complimentary to addressing inflammation, thus, we hypothesize that LMWF5A could improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 by attenuating hyperinflammation and the potential development of a cytokine storm. A variety of human in vitro immune models indicate that LMWF5A reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in cytokine storm associated with COVID-19. Furthermore, evidence suggests LMWF5A also promotes the production of mediators required for resolving inflammation and enhances the barrier function of endothelial cultures. A randomized controlled trial, to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nebulized LMWF5A in adults with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19 infection, was developed and is currently under review by the Food and Drug Administration. If successful, this therapy may attenuate the cytokine storm observed in these patients and potentially reduce mortality, increase ventilation free days, improve oxygenation parameters and consequently lessen the burden on patients and the intensive care unit. In conclusion, in vitro findings suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of LMWF5A make it a viable candidate for treating cytokine storm and restoring homeostasis to the immune response in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32265513, "pmcid": "PMC7136698", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infects T lymphocytes through its spike protein-mediated membrane fusion.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Wang, Xinling", "Xu, Wei", "Hu, Gaowei", "Xia, Shuai", "Sun, Zhiping", "Liu, Zezhong", "Xie, Youhua", "Zhang, Rong", "Jiang, Shibo", "Lu, Lu"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265513", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489023, "title": "[Therapeutic effect of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid on treating combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Bao, Yan-Yan", "Shi, Yu-Jing", "Guo, Shan-Shan", "Geng, Zi-Han", "Bao, Lei", "Sun, Jing", "Zhao, Rong-Hua", "Gao, Ying-Jie", "Fang, Tong-Hua", "Meng, Jie", "Cui, Xiao-Lan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489023", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this paper was to investigate the therapeutic effect of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid recommended by Provincial Novel Coronary Virus Pneumonia Treatment Scheme on the treatment of BALB/c mice with combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome and to explore its clinical application in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia, and to provide laboratory data support for clinical Chinese medicine. According to the classification of syndromes of novel coronavirus pneumonia by the national competent department of traditional Chinese medicine, this study determined that human coronavirus 229 E(HCoV-229 E)-infected mouse model of cold and dampness syndrome can be used to study human coronavirus pneumonia combined with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome model. This model is suitable for simulating traditional Chinese medicine treatment of common disease syndromes in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment program(trial implementation of the sixth edition). Specific steps are as follows. BALB/c mice of cold and dampness syndrome is infected with HCoV-229 E virus, and were divided into normal control group, infection control group, cold-dampness control group, cold-dampness infection group(the model group), and Compound Qilan Oral Liquid high dose group(22 mL\u00b7kg~(-1)\u00b7d~(-1)) and low dose group(11 mL\u00b7kg~(-1)\u00b7d~(-1)). On the day of infection, the Compound Qilan Oral Liquid was administered for three consecutive days. On the last dosing day, the lung tissue was dissected, and the lung index and inhibition rate were calculated. The nucleic acid of lung tissue was extracted and the HCoV-229 E virus load was detected by RT-PCR. Blood leukocytes were separated and the percentage of T and B lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry. Lung tissue protein was extracted and the contents of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3 were detected by ELISA. Serum was separated and the contents of gastrin(GAS) and motilin(MTL) were detected by ELISA. Histopathological analysis was performed with lung tissue. The high and low doses of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid significantly reduced the lung index(P<0.01) of mice with combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome, and the inhibition rates were 59.01% and 47.72%, respectively. Compared with the model control group, the high and low doses of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid significantly reduced lung tissue viral load(P<0.01), increased cross blood CD4~+ T lymphocytes, CD8~+ T lymphocytes and total B lymphocyte percentage(P<0.01), reduced serum motilin content(P<0.01), reduced IL-6, IL-10, TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3 levels in lungs(P<0.01) and reduced lung tissue inflammation. Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid has a better effect on the mouse model with combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome, which may attribute to its function of in virus replication inhibition, gastrointestinal function improvement, immunity enhancement, and inflammatory factor reduction."}, {"pmid": 32532825, "title": "Surgery during COVID-19 crisis conditions: can we protect our ethical integrity against the odds?", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Macleod, Jack", "Mezher, Sermed", "Hasan, Ragheb"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532825", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is reducing the ability to perform surgical procedures worldwide, giving rise to a multitude of ethical, practical and medical dilemmas. Adapting to crisis conditions requires a rethink of traditional best practices in surgical management, delving into an area of unknown risk profiles. Key challenging areas include cancelling elective operations, modifying procedures to adapt local services and updating the consenting process. We aim to provide an ethical rationale to support change in practice and guide future decision-making. Using the four principles approach as a structure, Medline was searched for existing ethical frameworks aimed at resolving conflicting moral duties. Where insufficient data were available, best guidance was sought from educational institutions: National Health Service England and The Royal College of Surgeons. Multiple papers presenting high-quality, reasoned, ethical theory and practice guidance were collected. Using this as a basis to assess current practice, multiple requirements were generated to ensure preservation of ethical integrity when making management decisions. Careful consideration of ethical principles must guide production of local guidance ensuring consistent patient selection thus preserving equality as well as quality of clinical services. A critical issue is balancing the benefit of surgery against the unknown risk of developing COVID-19 and its associated complications. As such, the need for surgery must be sufficiently pressing to proceed with conventional or non-conventional operative management; otherwise, delaying intervention is justified. For delayed operations, it is our duty to quantify the long-term impact on patients' outcome within the constraints of pandemic management and its long-term outlook."}, {"pmid": 32449575, "title": "COVID-19: Impact and challenges at breast imaging unit.", "journal": "Breast J", "authors": ["Fahd Al-Muhanna, Afnan"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449575", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424574, "pmcid": "PMC7233193", "title": "Letter to editor: the burden of covid-19 in neuro-oncological patients.", "journal": "J Neurooncol", "authors": ["Giorgia, Simonetti", "Paola, Gaviani", "Antonio, Silvani"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324933, "title": "Physically distant, educationally connected: Interactive conferencing in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Rose, Christian", "Mott, Sarah", "Alvarez, Al'ai", "Lin, Michelle"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324933", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291526, "pmcid": "PMC7154066", "title": "Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19 Infection Taking ACEI/ARB.", "journal": "Curr Cardiol Rep", "authors": ["Rico-Mesa, Juan Simon", "White, Averi", "Anderson, Allen S"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291526", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the aggressive coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Recently, investigators have stipulated that COVID-19 patients receiving angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) may be subject to poorer outcomes. This editorial presents the available evidence to guide treatment practices during this pandemic. Recent studies from Wuhan cohorts provide valuable information about COVID-19. A cohort with 52 critically ill patients revealed cardiac injury in 12% of patients. Worse outcomes appear to be more prevalent in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM), possibly due to overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in airway alveolar epithelial cells. Investigators suspect that SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 receptor to enter the lungs in a mechanism similar to SARS-CoV. Several hypotheses have been proposed to date regarding the net effect of ACEI/ARB on COVID-19 infections. Positive effects include ACE2 receptor blockade, disabling viral entry into the heart and lungs, and an overall decrease in inflammation secondary to ACEI/ARB. Negative effects include a possible retrograde feedback mechanism, by which ACE2 receptors are upregulated. Even though physiological models of SARS-CoV infection show a theoretical benefit of ACEI/ARB, these findings cannot be extrapolated to SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19. Major cardiology scientific associations, including ACC, HFSA, AHA, and ESC Hypertension Council, have rejected these correlation hypotheses. After an extensive literature review, we conclude that there is no significant evidence to support an association for now, but given the rapid evolvement of this pandemic, findings may change."}, {"pmid": 32449141, "pmcid": "PMC7245641", "title": "The Challenge of Maintaining Metabolic Health During a Global Pandemic.", "journal": "Sports Med", "authors": ["King, Andy J", "Burke, Louise M", "Halson, Shona L", "Hawley, John A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing global pandemic brought on by the spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is having profound effects on human health and well-being. With no viable vaccine presently available and the virus being rapidly transmitted, governments and national health authorities have acted swiftly, recommending 'lockdown' policies and/or various levels of social restriction/isolation to attenuate the rate of infection. An immediate consequence of these strategies is reduced exposure to daylight, which can result in marked changes in patterns of daily living such as the timing of meals, and sleep. These disruptions to circadian biology have severe cardiometabolic health consequences for susceptible individuals. We discuss the consequences of reductions in patterns of daily physical activity and the resulting energy imbalance induced by periods of isolation, along with several home-based strategies to maintain cardiometabolic health in the forthcoming months."}, {"pmid": 32515802, "title": "Existing Drugs Might Treat COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Abbasi, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515802", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349991, "title": "Covid-19: Cancer mortality could rise at least 20% because of pandemic, study finds.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349991", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369759, "pmcid": "PMC7212816", "title": "Knowledge and Behaviors Toward COVID-19 Among US Residents During the Early Days of the Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Online Questionnaire.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Clements, John M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369759", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The early days of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States brought uncertainty in the knowledge about COVID-19 and what to do about it. It is necessary to understand public knowledge and behaviors if we are to effectively address the pandemic. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that knowledge about COVID-19 influences participation in different behaviors including self-reports of purchasing more goods than usual, attending large gatherings, and using medical masks. This study was funded and approved by the Institutional Review Board on March 17, 2020. The cross-sectional online survey of 1034 US residents aged 18 years or older was conducted on March 17, 2020. For every point increase in knowledge, the odds of participation in purchasing more goods (odds ratio [OR] 0.88, 95% CI 0.81-0.95), attending large gatherings (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81-0.93), and using medical masks (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.50-0.62) decreased by 12%, 13%, and 44%, respectively. Gen X and millennial participants had 56% and 76% higher odds, respectively, of increased purchasing behavior compared to baby boomers. The results suggest that there is a politicization of response recommendations. Democrats had 30% lower odds of attending large gatherings (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50-0.97) and 48% lower odds of using medical masks (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.34-0.78) compared to Republicans. This survey is one of the first attempts to study determinants of knowledge and behaviors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. A national, coordinated effort toward a pandemic response may ensure better compliance with behavioral recommendations to address this public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32479664, "title": "A Case Series of MGUS and COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Lugo, Jesus D", "Bachier-Rodriguez, Lizamarie", "Goldfinger, Mendel", "Shastri, Aditi", "Sica, R Alejandro", "Gritsman, Kira", "Mehta, Vikas", "Kabarriti, Rafi", "Goel, Sanjay", "Verma, Amit", "Braunschweig, Ira", "Kornblum, Noah", "Mantzaris, Ioannis"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479664", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) is a pre-malignant clonal plasma cell disorder, with 25 to 30% life-long risk of progression to multiple myeloma (MM).1 It is usually asymptomatic, but infrequently associated with several serious conditions, such as neuropathies, glomerulonephritis, and acquired angioedema.2 Moreover, a higher risk of infection and deep venous thrombosis has been reported in patients with MGUS.3,4."}, {"pmid": 32378864, "title": "Acute abdomen as an early symptom of COVID-19.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Sellevoll, Hilde Bastoe", "Saeed, Usman", "Young, Victoria Solveig", "Sandbaek, Gunnar", "Gundersen, Karsten", "Mala, Tom"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378864", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471644, "pmcid": "PMC7206422", "title": "De-isolation of COVID-19-positive hemodialysis patients in the outpatient setting: a single-center experience.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Dudreuilh, Caroline", "Kumar, Nicola", "Moxham, Vicki", "Hemsley, Carolyn", "Goldenberg, Simon", "Moutzouris, Dimitrios-Anestis"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471644", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229132, "pmcid": "PMC7141450", "title": "Separated pathways in the endoscopy unit for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Cortegoso Valdivia, Pablo", "Le Grazie, Marco", "Gaiani, Federica", "Decembrino, Francesco", "De' Angelis, Gian Luigi"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229132", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458182, "pmcid": "PMC7250737", "title": "Rhythm blues in the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): how the cardiac electrophysiologist adapts to a viral pandemic in Singapore.", "journal": "J Interv Card Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Chia, Pow-Li", "Tan, Kenny", "Tan, Li Wei", "Chin, Pui See", "Foo, David"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458182", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major healthcare disaster in the modern times. Healthcare services must adapt to effectively juggle between pandemic management and maintenance of business-as-usual services so that both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients receive appropriate clinical care. We share our experience of significant cardiac rhythm abnormalities seen in COVID-19 patients in Singapore, how the viral pandemic has affected the cardiac electrophysiology and pacing service in a large acute care general hospital and the steps taken to alleviate the negative impact."}, {"pmid": 32497001, "title": "Viral RNA Load in Mildly Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children with COVID-19, Seoul.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Han, Mi Seon", "Seong, Moon-Woo", "Kim, Namhee", "Shin, Sue", "Cho, Sung Im", "Park, Hyunwoong", "Kim, Taek Soo", "Park, Sung Sup", "Choi, Eun Hwa"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497001", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Along with positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal swabs, viral RNA was detectable at high concentration for >3 weeks in fecal samples from 12 mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic children with COVID-19. Saliva also tested positive during the early phase of infection. If proven infectious, feces and saliva could serve as transmission sources."}, {"pmid": 32219674, "pmcid": "PMC7100464", "title": "Application of personal-oriented digital technology in preventing transmission of COVID-19, China.", "journal": "Ir J Med Sci", "authors": ["Pan, Xiao-Ben"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219674", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We reported several personal-oriented and mobile phone-based information technologies which were recently developed and widely used during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. These technologies help reduce the transmission of COVID-19 and maintain normal social order."}, {"pmid": 32357545, "title": "Emergence of Drift Variants That May Affect COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Antibody Treatment.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Koyama, Takahiko", "Weeraratne, Dilhan", "Snowdon, Jane L", "Parida, Laxmi"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357545", "countries": ["China", "Switzerland", "France", "Netherlands"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) treatments and vaccines are under development to combat COVID-19. Several approaches are being used by scientists for investigation, including (1) various small molecule approaches targeting RNA polymerase, 3C-like protease, and RNA endonuclease; and (2) exploration of antibodies obtained from convalescent plasma from patients who have recovered from COVID-19. The coronavirus genome is highly prone to mutations that lead to genetic drift and escape from immune recognition; thus, it is imperative that sub-strains with different mutations are also accounted for during vaccine development. As the disease has grown to become a pandemic, B-cell and T-cell epitopes predicted from SARS coronavirus have been reported. Using the epitope information along with variants of the virus, we have found several variants which might cause drifts. Among such variants, 23403A>G variant (p.D614G) in spike protein B-cell epitope is observed frequently in European countries, such as the Netherlands, Switzerland, and France, but seldom observed in China."}, {"pmid": 32269090, "pmcid": "PMC7144268", "title": "Managing the supportive care needs of those affected by COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Bajwah, Sabrina", "Wilcock, Andrew", "Towers, Richard", "Costantini, Massimo", "Bausewein, Claudia", "Simon, Steffen T", "Bendstrup, Elisabeth", "Prentice, Wendy", "Johnson, Miriam J", "Currow, David C", "Kreuter, Michael", "Wells, Athol U", "Birring, Surinder S", "Edmonds, Polly", "Higginson, Irene J"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269090", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32167181, "pmcid": "PMC7228360", "title": "Initial clinical features of suspected coronavirus disease 2019 in two emergency departments outside of Hubei, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhu, Wanbo", "Xie, Kai", "Lu, Hui", "Xu, Lei", "Zhou, Shusheng", "Fang, Shiyuan"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167181", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With an increasing number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases outside of Hubei, emergency departments (EDs) and fever clinics are facing challenges posed by the large number of admissions of patients suspected to have COVID-19. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to study the initial clinical features of patients, to better differentiate between infected and uninfected patients outside Hubei. A total of 116 patients suspected of having COVID-19 who presented to two emergency departments in Anhui for the first time between 24 January 2020 and 20 February 2020 were enrolled in the study. The initial clinical data of these patients, such as epidemiological features, symptoms, laboratory results, and chest computed tomography (CT) findings were collected using a standard case report form on admission. Thirty-two patients were diagnosed with COVID-19; the remaining 84 patients were referred to as negative cases. The median age of the diagnosed patients was 46 years, but only 35 years for negative cases. History of exposure to Wuhan or COVID-19 patients in the previous 2 weeks was observed in 63% of the diagnosed and 44% of negative cases. Median time from illness onset to ED admission was 5 days for all patients, diagnosed patients, and negative cases, respectively. Fever was observed in 27 (84%) and 57 (68%) diagnosed and negative cases, respectively. Nineteen (59%) diagnosed and 24 (29%) negative cases had lymphopenia on admission in ED. A chest CT scan on admission revealed the presence of pneumonia in the majority of the diagnosed patients (30 out of 32, 94%) and in 56 (67%) negative cases. Bilateral involvement and ground-glass opacity (GGO) were present in 91% and 47% of the diagnosed patients. Thirty-two patients were diagnosed with COVID-19; the remaining 84 patients were referred to as negative cases. The median age of the diagnosed patients was 46 years, but only 35 years for negative cases. History of exposure to Wuhan or COVID-19 patients in the previous 2 weeks was observed in 63% of the diagnosed and 44% of negative cases. Median time from illness onset to ED admission was 5 days for all patients, diagnosed patients, and negative cases, respectively. Fever was observed in 27 (84%) and 57 (68%) diagnosed and negative cases, respectively. Nineteen (59%) diagnosed and 24 (29%) negative cases had lymphopenia on admission in ED. A chest CT scan on admission revealed the presence of pneumonia in the majority of the diagnosed patients (30 out of 32, 94%) and in 56 (67%) negative cases. Bilateral involvement and GGO were present in 91% and 47% of the diagnosed patients."}, {"pmid": 32373189, "pmcid": "PMC7199122", "title": "Smoking Cessation as a Public Health Measure to Limit the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Cardiol", "authors": ["Komiyama, Maki", "Hasegawa, Koji"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373189", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already evolved into a rapidly expanding pandemic. Risk factors for COVID-19, such as cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes, are all strongly associated with smoking habits. The effects of cigarette smoking on the transmission of the virus and worsening of COVID-19 have been less addressed. Emerging data indicate that smoking history is the major determinant of worsening COVID-19 outcomes. Smoking cessation recovers airway ciliary clearance and immune function. Thus, smoking cessation awareness is strongly encouraged as a public health measure to limit the global impact of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32227189, "pmcid": "PMC7138335", "title": "A Rush to Judgment? Rapid Reporting and Dissemination of Results and Its Consequences Regarding the Use of Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Kim, Alfred H J", "Sparks, Jeffrey A", "Liew, Jean W", "Putman, Michael S", "Berenbaum, Francis", "Duarte-Garcia, Ali", "Graef, Elizabeth R", "Korsten, Peter", "Sattui, Sebastian E", "Sirotich, Emily", "Ugarte-Gil, Manuel F", "Webb, Kate", "Grainger, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227189", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533174, "title": "ChurchInAction: the role of religious interventions in times of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Del Castillo, Fides A", "Biana, Hazel T", "Joaquin, Jeremiah Joven B"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533174", "countries": ["Philippines"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a recently published letter to the editor of this journal, the authors have called for the need to establish psychological support structures that cater to people's mental health in this time of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. To be more holistic, we extend this call to include people's spiritual well-being as well. We highlight the initiatives of the Philippines' religious sector. In particular, we report some of the interventions made by the Roman Catholic Church that have led to the social media hashtag, #ChurchInAction. These religious and spiritual interventions showcase the efforts of the Philippine Church and play an important role in providing assistance in time of public health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32488218, "title": "Building an international consortium for tracking coronavirus health status.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Segal, Eran", "Zhang, Feng", "Lin, Xihong", "King, Gary", "Shalem, Ophir", "Shilo, Smadar", "Allen, William E", "Alquaddoomi, Faisal", "Altae-Tran, Han", "Anders, Simon", "Balicer, Ran", "Bauman, Tal", "Bonilla, Ximena", "Booman, Gisel", "Chan, Andrew T", "Cohen, Ori", "Coletti, Silvano", "Davidson, Natalie", "Dor, Yuval", "Drew, David A", "Elemento, Olivier", "Evans, Georgina", "Ewels, Phil", "Gale, Joshua", "Gavrieli, Amir", "Geiger, Benjamin", "Grad, Yonatan H", "Greene, Casey S", "Hajirasouliha, Iman", "Jerala, Roman", "Kahles, Andre", "Kallioniemi, Olli", "Keshet, Ayya", "Kocarev, Ljupco", "Landua, Gregory", "Meir, Tomer", "Muller, Aline", "Nguyen, Long H", "Oresic, Matej", "Ovchinnikova, Svetlana", "Peterson, Hedi", "Prodanova, Jana", "Rajagopal, Jay", "Ratsch, Gunnar", "Rossman, Hagai", "Rung, Johan", "Sboner, Andrea", "Sigaras, Alexandros", "Spector, Tim", "Steinherz, Ron", "Stevens, Irene", "Vilo, Jaak", "Wilmes, Paul"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488218", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302385, "pmcid": "PMC7188110", "title": "Letter: Rongeurs, Neurosurgeons, and COVID-19: How Do We Protect Health Care Personnel During Neurosurgical Operations in the Midst of Aerosol-Generation From High-Speed Drills?", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Chan, David Yuen Chung", "Chan, Danny Tat Ming", "Mak, Wai Kit", "Wong, George Kwok Chu", "Poon, Wai Sang"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302385", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439012, "pmcid": "PMC7146720", "title": "COVID-19: A Lesson in Humility and an Opportunity for Sagacity and Hope.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Fuster, Valentin", "Varieur Turco, Justine"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439012", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229082, "pmcid": "PMC7270871", "title": "Integrative considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Explore (NY)", "authors": ["Alschuler, Lise", "Weil, Andrew", "Horwitz, Randy", "Stamets, Paul", "Chiasson, Ann Marie", "Crocker, Robert", "Maizes, Victoria"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229082", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379033, "pmcid": "PMC7205002", "title": "Controversies in Respiratory Protective Equipment Selection and Use During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Joyce C", "Cram, Peter", "Adisesh, Anil"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379033", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364677, "pmcid": "PMC7261981", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients-Where we are?", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Machado, David Jose de Barros", "Ianhez, Luiz Estevam"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364677", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, China reported cases of respiratory illness in humans that involved a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. On March 20, 2020, the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brazil was diagnosed, and by now, we present the report on the first case of COVID among transplant recipients in our country. A liver and kidney transplant patient with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia without respiratory failure was treated in a clinical multimodal strategy consisting of symptomatic support therapy, immunosuppression reduction, use of anti-coronavirus drugs and heparin leading to a progressive improvement of patient symptoms till discharge. The authors also present a comprehensive review of published cases."}, {"pmid": 32301631, "title": "Lung Base Findings of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on Abdominal CT in Patients With Predominant Gastrointestinal Symptoms.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Siegel, Avielle", "Chang, Paul J", "Jarou, Zachary J", "Paushter, David M", "Harmath, Carla B", "Arevalo, J Ben", "Dachman, Abraham"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301631", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. This series of patients presented to the emergency department (ED) with abdominal pain, without the respiratory symptoms typical of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and the abdominal radiologist was the first to suggest COVID-19 infection because of findings in the lung bases on CT of the abdomen. CONCLUSION. COVID-19 infection can present primarily with abdominal symptoms, and the abdominal radiologist must suggest the diagnosis when evaluating the lung bases for typical findings."}, {"pmid": 32425269, "pmcid": "PMC7233239", "title": "Elevated levels of IL-6 and CRP predict the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Herold, Tobias", "Jurinovic, Vindi", "Arnreich, Chiara", "Lipworth, Brian J", "Hellmuth, Johannes C", "Bergwelt-Baildon, Michael von", "Klein, Matthias", "Weinberger, Tobias"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425269", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can manifest as a viral-induced hyperinflammation with multiorgan involvement. Such patients often experience rapid deterioration and need for mechanical ventilation. Currently, no prospectively validated biomarker of impending respiratory failure is available. We aimed to identify and prospectively validate biomarkers that allow the identification of patients in need of impending mechanical ventilation. Patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized from February 29 to April 9, 2020, were analyzed for baseline clinical and laboratory findings at admission and during the disease. Data from 89 evaluable patients were available for the purpose of analysis comprising an initial evaluation cohort (n\u00a0= 40) followed by a temporally separated validation cohort (n\u00a0= 49). We identified markers of inflammation, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine as the variables most predictive of respiratory failure in the evaluation cohort. Maximal IL-6 level before intubation showed the strongest association with the need for mechanical ventilation, followed by maximal CRP level. The respective AUC values for IL-6 and CRP levels in the evaluation cohort were 0.97 and 0.86, and they were similar in the validation cohort (0.90 and 0.83, respectively). The calculated optimal cutoff values during the course of disease from the evaluation cohort (IL-6 level\u00a0> 80 pg/mL and CRP level\u00a0> 97 mg/L) both correctly classified 80% of patients in the validation cohort regarding their risk of respiratory failure. The maximal level of IL-6, followed by CRP level, was highly predictive of the need for mechanical ventilation. This suggests the possibility of using IL-6 or CRP level to guide escalation of treatment in patients with COVID-19-related hyperinflammatory syndrome."}, {"pmid": 32464158, "pmcid": "PMC7247486", "title": "Correlation between immune response and self-reported depression during convalescence from COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Yuan, Bo", "Li, Weixin", "Liu, Hanqing", "Cai, Xin", "Song, Shuo", "Zhao, Jia", "Hu, Xiaopeng", "Li, Zhiwen", "Chen, Yongxin", "Zhang, Kai", "Liu, Zhiyong", "Peng, Jing", "Wang, Cheng", "Wang, Jianchun", "An, Yawen"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464158", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Self-reported depression has been observed in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients, infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), during discharge from the hospital. However, the cause of this self-reported depression during the convalescent period remains unclear. Here, we report the mental health status of 96 convalescent COVID-19 patients who were surveyed using an online questionnaire at the Shenzhen Samii Medical Center from March 2 to March 12, 2020 in Shenzhen, China. After obtaining their informed consent, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients, including routine blood and biochemical data. The results suggested that patients with self-reported depression exhibited increased immune response, as indicated by increased white blood cell and neutrophil counts, as well as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. However, the mechanism linking self-reported depression to these cellular changes needs further study. In conclusion, self-reported depression occurred at an early stage in convalescent COVID-19 patients, and changes in immune function were apparent during short-term follow-up of these patients after discharge. Appropriate psychological interventions are necessary, and changes in immune function should be emphasized during long-term follow up of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32520306, "title": "Sustaining Rural Hospitals After COVID-19: The Case for Global Budgets.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Fried, Jonathan E", "Liebers, David T", "Roberts, Eric T"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520306", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396516, "pmcid": "PMC7219722", "title": "Measures Undertaken in China to Avoid COVID-19 Infection: Internet-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Huang, Yu", "Wu, Qingqing", "Wang, Ping", "Xu, Yan", "Wang, Lei", "Zhao, Yusui", "Yao, Dingming", "Xu, Yue", "Lv, Qiaohong", "Xu, Shuiyang"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396516", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early 2020, over 80,000 cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were confirmed in China. Public prevention and control measures, along with efforts from all sectors of society, were undertaken to control and eliminate disease transmission. This paper describes Chinese citizens' response to the epidemic, the preventive measures they implemented to avoid being infected, and the public strategies that were carried out by the government, health workers, etc. We also discuss the efficacy of these measures in controlling the epidemic in China. Information on the responses and behaviors of Chinese citizens were collected through a cross-sectional, internet-based survey using Dingxiang Doctor's public account on WeChat. Information on public strategies implemented by all sectors of society to control the epidemic and data on new COVID-19 cases were collected from the internet, mainly from government websites. Standard descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data. A total of 10,304 participants responded to the survey, with 10,198 valid responses; 74.1% (n=7557) were female and 25.9% (n=2641) were male. Overall, 98.2% (n=10,013) of participants paid high or very high attention to the epidemic, with WeChat being their main information source (n=9400, 92.2%). Over half the participants (n=5878, 57.7%) were confident that the epidemic could be curbed in China; 92.4% (n=9427) opened windows for ventilation more frequently than usual; 97.9% (n=9986) used masks in public; 95.7% (n=9759) avoided large crowds and stayed at home as much as possible; and 97.9% (n=9988) washed their hands more often than usual. Women were more likely to practice these behaviors than men (P<.001). With a series of strict public control measures, like nationwide health education campaigns, holiday extensions, the Examine and Approve Policy on the resumption of work, close management of working and living quarters, a health QR (Quick Response) code system, community screening, and social distancing policies, the number of new cases have decreased dramatically since February 12, 2020. The methods employed by Chinese citizens and authorities have effectively curtailed the spread of COVID-19, demonstrating that this pandemic can be brought under control as long as the right measures are taken."}, {"pmid": 32425240, "pmcid": "PMC7229950", "title": "Uncertainty surrounding the use of face masks in the community amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["Lam, Stanley Kam Ki", "Hung, Maria Shuk Yu", "Chien, Wai Tong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425240", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32483943, "title": "Episcleritis as an ocular manifestation in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Mendez Mangana, Carlos", "Barraquer Kargacin, Anton", "Barraquer, Rafael I"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483943", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475347, "pmcid": "PMC7261520", "title": "Measurement of hydroxychloroquine in blood from SLE patients using LC-HRMS-evaluation of whole blood, plasma, and serum as sample matrices.", "journal": "Arthritis Res Ther", "authors": ["Carlsson, Henrik", "Hjorton, Karin", "Abujrais, Sandy", "Ronnblom, Lars", "Akerfeldt, Torbjorn", "Kultima, Kim"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475347", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is the standard of care in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases and potentially for the treatment in COVID-19 patients. Determination of HCQ for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can be performed in whole blood (WB), serum, and plasma. Direct comparisons of WB, serum, and plasma levels of HCQ in patients with SLE have not previously been reported. We describe a method for the determination of HCQ in human blood using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and compare the suitability of the three sample matrices. A method for the determination of HCQ in human blood using LC-HRMS was developed, validated, and applied for the determination of HCQ levels in WB, serum, and plasma from 26 SLE patients. The reproducibility of the method, in the three matrices, was evaluated using quality control samples and repeated preparations and measurements of patient samples. The performance of the developed method for HCQ measurement in serum was further evaluated by comparison with two previously reported extraction methods. The performance of the presented method demonstrated high accuracy and precision. A large range of HCQ concentrations was observed for the SLE patients in all three matrices (WB, serum, and plasma). The mean levels in WB were approximately two-fold the levels in serum and plasma (813\u2009ng/mL compared to 436\u2009ng/mL and 362\u2009ng/mL, respectively). Spiked quality controls showed high reproducibility for all matrices (coefficient of variation, CV, approx. 5%), whereas in patient samples, equally high-precision was only found using WB as the matrix (CV 3%). The CV for serum and plasma was 14% and 39%, respectively. Two alternative methods applied to serum samples did not demonstrate improved precision. A LC-HRMS method for the measurement of HCQ in human blood was developed and validated. Whole blood was found to be the superior sample matrix in terms of sample reproducibility. Thus, whole blood samples should be used for HCQ analysis when patients are monitored for HCQ treatment effects. The assay is in clinical use to monitor levels of HCQ in patients."}, {"pmid": 32486906, "title": "In the shadow of HIV & TB: A commentary on the COVID epidemic in South Africa.", "journal": "Glob Public Health", "authors": ["Bulled, Nicola", "Singer, Merrill"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486906", "countries": ["Italy", "South Africa", "Brazil", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While COVID-19 has become a global pandemic that has spread to all regions of the globe, local historic, health, and socio-environmental factors shape the epidemiological contours, response, and social challenges present within each affected nation. Thus, while countries like China, Italy, Iran, Brazil, and the United States have all been hard hit by the pandemic, there are critical differences across these nations in a number of variables (e.g. demographic features, health histories, healthcare systems, infection case rates, case fatality rates, national responses). In other words, within the global pandemic there are multiple importantly distinct national epidemics. Overcoming the grave threats to public health presented by COVID-19 requires both international cooperation and country-specific efforts that reflect local histories, needs, and resources. Already concerns are being expressed among health officials about how COVID-19 might be devastating in Africa. Currently, South Africa has the highest number of diagnosed COVID-19 cases on the continent and has been identified as being at high risk in the pandemic. This paper examines the public health response to the COVID-19 threat, how the prior and ongoing HIV and TB epidemics shape the COVID-19 epidemic and influence the response, and the potential ramifications of the response."}, {"pmid": 32509960, "pmcid": "PMC7266658", "title": "Endoprotector: Protective box for safe endoscopy use during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Endosc Int Open", "authors": ["Campos, Sara", "Carreira, Catia", "Marques, Pedro Pinto", "Vieira, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509960", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and study aim \u2002Outbreak of COVID-19 began in Wuhan in December 2019 and has rapidly spread from China to the rest of the world. Although it is primarily transmitted by contact and droplets, aerosol-generating procedures also seem to carry the possibility of airborne viral transmission. As such, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy can be considered a risky procedure, with several position statements recommending the adoption of safe practices in endoscopic procedures. This article aims to describe an additional tool to protect healthcare personnel during endoscopy. Methods \u2002A covering box made of acrylic plastic, named Endoprotector, was designed to cover the patient's head, while taking into consideration movements performed by patients and healthcare staff during an endoscopic procedure. Results \u2002A cough simulation using fluorescent dye confirmed the potential benefit of the box during endoscopy, thus protecting healthcare staff from air droplets. The feasibility and practicality of the box was also tested with patients during endoscopy. Conclusion \u2002The reusable Endoprotector is easily and affordably manufactured and may reduce air droplets and airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other microorganisms during endoscopy."}, {"pmid": 32405664, "pmcid": "PMC7220612", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as potential treatments for COVID-19; clinical status impacts the outcome.", "journal": "J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn", "authors": ["Okour, Malek", "Al-Kofahi, Mahmoud", "Austin, Daren"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405664", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522830, "title": "Comparative pathogenesis of bovine and porcine respiratory coronaviruses in the animal host species and SARS-CoV-2 in humans.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Saif, Linda J", "Jung, Kwonil"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522830", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Discovery of bats with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related coronaviruses (CoVs) raised the spector of potential future outbreaks of zoonotic SARS-CoV-like disease in humans, which largely went unheeded. Nevertheless, the novel SARS-CoV-2 of bat ancestoral origin emerged to infect humans in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and then became a global pandemic. Less than 5 months after its emergence, millions of people worldwide have been infected asymptomatically or symptomatically and at least 360,000 have died. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in severely affected patients includes atypical pneumonia characterized by a dry cough, persistent fever, and progressive dyspnea and hypoxia, sometimes accompanied by diarrhea and often followed by multiple organ failure, especially, the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. In this mini-review, we focus on two endemic respiratory CoV infections of livestock: Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV). Both animal respiratory CoVs share some common features with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. BCoV has a broad host range including wild ruminants and a zoonotic potential. BCoV also has a dual tropism for the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. These aspects, their interspecies transmission and certain factors that impact disease severity in cattle parallel related facets of SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in humans. PRCV has a tissue tropism for the upper and lower respiratory tracts and a cellular tropism for type 1 and 2 pneumocytes in lung, but is generally a mild infection unless complicated by other exacerbating factors, such as bacterial or viral co-infections and immunosuppression (corticosteroids)."}, {"pmid": 32176764, "title": "Managing COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Hopman, Joost", "Allegranzi, Benedetta", "Mehtar, Shaheen"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293940, "pmcid": "PMC7193776", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on a Pan-Asian Academic Oncology Clinical Trial.", "journal": "JCO Glob Oncol", "authors": ["Segelov, Eva", "Prenen, Hans", "Day, Daphne", "Macintyre, C Raina", "Foo, Estelle Mei Jye", "Ali, Raghib", "Wang, Quanyi", "Wei, Xiaoting", "Lopes, Gilberto de Lima Jr", "Ding, Kefeng", "Chen, Gong", "Chia, John Whay Kuang", "Toh, Han Chong"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293940", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476175, "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorder risk and symptoms.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Rodgers, Rachel F", "Lombardo, Caterina", "Cerolini, Silvia", "Franko, Debra L", "Omori, Mika", "Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew", "Linardon, Jake", "Courtet, Philippe", "Guillaume, Sebastien"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has created a global context likely to increase eating disorder (ED) risk and symptoms, decrease factors that protect against EDs, and exacerbate barriers to care. Three pathways exist by which this pandemic may exacerbate ED risk. One, the disruptions to daily routines and constraints to outdoor activities may increase weight and shape concerns, and negatively impact eating, exercise, and sleeping patterns, which may in turn increase ED risk and symptoms. Relatedly, the pandemic and accompanying social restrictions may deprive individuals of social support and adaptive coping strategies, thereby potentially elevating ED risk and symptoms by removing protective factors. Two, increased exposure to ED-specific or anxiety-provoking media, as well as increased reliance on video conferencing, may increase ED risk and symptoms. Three, fears of contagion may increase ED symptoms specifically related to health concerns, or by the pursuit of restrictive diets focused on increasing immunity. In addition, elevated rates of stress and negative affect due to the pandemic and social isolation may also contribute to increasing risk. Evaluating and assessing these factors are key to better understanding the impact of the pandemic on ED risk and recovery and to inform resource dissemination and targets."}, {"pmid": 32330432, "pmcid": "PMC7173818", "title": "The implications of COVID-19 for the care of children living in residential institutions.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Goldman, Philip S", "van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H", "Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318843, "pmcid": "PMC7170792", "title": "The Radiology Department during the COVID-19 pandemic: a challenging, radical change.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Politi, Letterio S", "Balzarini, Luca"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318843", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209831, "pmcid": "PMC7253048", "title": "How Should Rehabilitative Departments of Hospitals Prepare for Coronavirus Disease 2019?", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Chang, Min Cheol", "Park, Donghwi"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209831", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300212, "title": "How is biomedical research funding faring during the COVID-19 lockdown?", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Webster, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300212", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445580, "title": "Chronological Changes of Viral Shedding in Adult Inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Jing-Tao", "Ran, Ruo-Xi", "Lv, Zhi-Hua", "Feng, Li-Na", "Ran, Chen-Yang", "Tong, Yong-Qing", "Li, Dong", "Su, Han-Wen", "Zhu, Cheng-Liang", "Qiu, Shi-Li", "Yang, Jie", "Xiao, Meng-Yao", "Liu, Ming-Jun", "Yang, Yu-Ting", "Liu, Song-Mei", "Li, Yan"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445580", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) broke out in Wuhan. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported, but the relationships between laboratory features and viral load has not been comprehensively described. Adult inpatients (\u226518 years old) with COVID-19 who underwent multiple (\u2265 5 times) nucleic acid tests with nasal and pharyngeal swabs were recruited from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, including general patients (n=70), severe patients (n=195) and critical patients (n=43). Laboratory data, demographic and clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records. The fitted polynomial curve was used to explore the association between serial viral loads and illness severity. Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 peaked within the first few days (2-4 days) after admission, then decreased rapidly along with virus rebound under treatment. Critical patients had the highest viral loads, in contrast to the general patients showing the lowest viral loads. The viral loads were higher in sputum compared with nasal and pharyngeal swab (p=0.026). The positive rate of respiratory tract samples was significantly higher than that of gastrointestinal tract samples (p<0.001). The SARS-CoV-2 viral load was negatively correlated with portion parameters of blood routine and lymphocyte subsets, and was positively associated with laboratory features of cardiovascular system. The serial viral loads of patients revealed whole viral shedding during hospitalization and the resurgence of virus during the treatment, which could be used for early warning of illness severity, thus improve antiviral interventions."}, {"pmid": 32283232, "pmcid": "PMC7151396", "title": "Reply to: \"COVID-19, syphilis, and biologic therapies for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: A word of caution\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Lebwohl, Mark", "Rivera-Oyola, Ryan", "Murrell, Dedee F"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283232", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459790, "pmcid": "PMC7255394", "title": "Children in Critical Care Due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: Experience in a Spanish Hospital.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Garcia-Salido, Alberto", "Leoz-Gordillo, Ines", "Martinez de Azagra-Garde, Amelia", "Nieto-Moro, Montserrat", "Iglesias-Bouzas, Maria Isabel", "Garcia-Teresa, Maria Angeles", "Cabrero-Hernandez, Marta", "De Lama Caro-Paton, Gema", "Gochi Valdovinos, Ainhoa", "Gonzalez-Brabin, Anthony", "Serrano-Gonzalez, Ana"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459790", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Spain has been one of the countries most severely affected by the coronavirus disease 2019. This study aims to describe a series of children admitted to a PICU due to coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Prospective observational study. Tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain. Children admitted to the PICU with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection, from March 1, 2020, to April 15, 2020. Observational study. Epidemiologic data, previous clinical characteristics, support therapy needed, imaging tests, laboratory observations on admission, and pharmacologic therapy. Eleven children were admitted to the PICU, with suspected coronavirus disease 2019; the polymerase chain reaction test was positive in seven. The median age was 100.7 months (range, 0.5-162). Five were admitted from the emergency department and two from the ward. The Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was 3 (range, 0-9), and Pediatric Risk of Mortality II score was 4 (range, 0-16). All children were previously healthy except one (allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation). Respiratory symptoms and fever were prevalent. A chest radiograph led to a pneumonia diagnosis. Not all patients presented with lymphopenia on admission. D-Dimer and ferritin were elevated. All patients needed oxygen therapy through a nasal cannula; five patients received high-flow nasal cannula therapy, which was later substituted with noninvasive ventilation in four. Mechanical ventilation was necessary in two patients on the first day of PICU admission. Two children required mechanical ventilation and inotropic support. Tocilizumab was applied in two intubated children. Also, four children received heparin. No patients died. On the whole, the children were previously healthy and are more than 1 year old. Respiratory symptoms were the leading cause of PICU admission, making respiratory support the principal therapy. Patients requiring mechanical ventilation showed deterioration on the first day of admission. These children seemed to require close monitoring, and multicenter studies are necessary."}, {"pmid": 32531110, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: Practical considerations on the organization of an allergy clinic - an EAACI/ARIA Position Paper.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Pfaar, O", "Klimek, L", "Jutel, M", "Akdis, C A", "Bousquet, J", "Breiteneder, H", "Chinthrajah, S", "Diamant, Z", "Eiwegger, T", "Fokkens, W J", "Fritsch, H W", "Nadeau, K C", "O'Hehir, R E", "O'Mahony, L", "Rief, W", "Sampath, V", "Schedlowski, M", "Torres, M", "Traidl-Hoffmann, C", "Wang, D Y", "Zhang, L", "Bonini, M", "Brehler, R", "Brough, H A", "Chivato, T", "Del Giacco, S", "Dramburg, S", "Gawlik, R", "Gelincik, A", "Hoffmann-Sommergruber, K", "Hox, V", "Knol, E", "Lauerma, A", "Matricardi, P M", "Mortz, C G", "Ollert, M", "Palomares, O", "Riggioni, C", "Schwarze, J", "Skypala, I", "Untersmayr, S", "Walusiak-Skorupa, J", "Ansotegui, I", "Bachert, C", "Bedbrook, A", "Bosnic-Anticevich, S", "Brussino, L", "Canonica, G W", "Cardona, V", "Carreiro-Martins, P", "Cruz, A A", "Czarlewski, W", "Fonseca, J A", "Gotua, M", "Haatela, T", "Ivancevich, J C", "Kuna, P", "Kvedariene, V", "Larenas-Linnemann, D", "Latiff, A", "Morais-Almeida, M", "Mullol, J", "Naclerio, R", "Ohta, K", "Okamoto, Y", "Onorato, G L", "Papadopoulos, N G", "Patella, V", "Regateiro, F S", "Samolinski, B", "Suppli Ulrik, C", "Toppila-Salmi, S", "Valiulis, A", "Ventura, M T", "Yorgancioglu, A", "Zuberbier, T", "Agache, I"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531110", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved as a pandemic infectious disease transmitted by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-)2. Allergists and other health care providers (HCPs) in the field of allergies and associated airway diseases are in the front line, taking care of patients potentially infected with SARS-CoV-2. Hence, strategies and practices to minimize risks of infection for both HCPs and treated patients have to be developed and followed by allergy clinics. The scientific information on COVID-19 was analyzed by a literature search in Medline, Pubmed, national and international guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the Cochrane Library and the Internet. Based on diagnostic and treatment standards developed by EAACI, on international information regarding COVID-19, on guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international organizations as well as on previous experience, a panel of experts including clinicians, psychologists, IT experts and basic scientists along with EAACI and the \"Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA)\" inititiative have developed recommendations for the optimal management of allergy clinics during the current COVID-19 pandemic. These recommendations are grouped into nine sections on different relevant aspects for the care of patients with allergies. This international Position Paper provides recommendations on operational plans and procedures to maintain high standards in the daily clinical care of allergic patients whilst ensuring necessary safety in the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32469243, "title": "Critical Review of the Literature on Chest CT and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Data Adjustment.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Sekine, Tetsuro"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469243", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427097, "title": "[COVID-19 And Urgent Surgeries: What Has Changed?]", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Ribeiro, Joana", "Nave, Patricia", "Paulino, Ana", "Ormonde, Lucindo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427097", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466832, "pmcid": "PMC7198164", "title": "[COVID-19 recommendations for ophthalmologists].", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466832", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519150, "title": "Moving Forward with Dysphagia Care: Implementing Strategies during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.", "journal": "Dysphagia", "authors": ["Fritz, Mark A", "Howell, Rebecca J", "Brodsky, Martin B", "Suiter, Debra M", "Dhar, Shumon I", "Rameau, Anais", "Richard, Theresa", "Skelley, Michelle", "Ashford, John R", "O'Rourke, Ashli K", "Kuhn, Maggie A"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Growing numbers of SARS-CoV-2 cases coupled with limited understanding of transmissibility and virulence, have challenged the current workflow and clinical care pathways for the dysphagia provider. At the same time, the need for non-COVID-19-related dysphagia care persists. Increased awareness of asymptomatic virus carriers and variable expression of the disease have also focused attention to appropriate patient care in the context of protection for the healthcare workforce. The objective of this review was to create a clinical algorithm and reference for dysphagia clinicians across clinical settings to minimize spread of COVID-19 cases while providing optimal care to patients suffering from swallowing disorders. Every practitioner and healthcare system will likely have different constraints or preferences leading to the utilization of one technique over another. Knowledge about this pandemic increases every day, but the algorithms provided here will help in considering the best options for proceeding with safe and effective dysphagia care in this new era."}, {"pmid": 32228222, "pmcid": "PMC7170368", "title": "Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypertension.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Meng, Juan", "Xiao, Guohui", "Zhang, Juanjuan", "He, Xing", "Ou, Min", "Bi, Jing", "Yang, Rongqing", "Di, Wencheng", "Wang, Zhaoqin", "Li, Zigang", "Gao, Hong", "Liu, Lei", "Zhang, Guoliang"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228222", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been observed in coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19) patients, but whether RAS inhibitors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs), are associated with clinical outcomes remains unknown. COVID-19 patients with hypertension were enrolled to evaluate the effect of RAS inhibitors. We observed that patients receiving ACEI or ARB therapy had a lower rate of severe diseases and a trend toward a lower level of IL-6 in peripheral blood. In addition, ACEI or ARB therapy increased CD3 and CD8 T cell counts in peripheral blood and decreased the peak viral load compared to other antihypertensive drugs. This evidence supports the benefit of using ACEIs or ARBs to potentially contribute to the improvement of clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypertension."}, {"pmid": 32283876, "title": "[Scientific statement on using of renin angiotensin system blockers in patients with cardiovascular disease and COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283876", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497175, "title": "Estimating global epidemiology of low pathogenic human coronaviruses relating to the COVID-19 context.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Pengfei", "Liu, Jiaye", "Ma, Zhongren", "Bramer, Wichor M", "Pepelenbosch, Maikel P", "Pan, Qiuwei"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497175", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286766, "title": "Novel 2019 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): an overview for emergency clinicians.", "journal": "Pediatr Emerg Med Pract", "authors": ["Giwa, A L", "Desai, Akash", "Duca, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286766", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and its infection, COVID-19, has quickly become a worldwide threat to health, travel, and commerce. It is essential for emergency clinicians to learn as much as possible about this pandemic to manage the unprecedented burdens on healthcare providers and hospital systems. This review analyzes information from worldwide research and experience on the epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19, and offers links to the most reliable and trustworthy resources to help equip healthcare professionals in managing this public health challenge. As the pandemic sweeps the United States, lessons learned from early centers of infection, notably New York and Northern Italy, can help localities to prepare."}, {"pmid": 32464105, "pmcid": "PMC7247794", "title": "Sudden severe thrombocytopenia in a patient in the recovery stage of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Chen, Wanxin", "Yang, Bohan", "Li, Ziping", "Wang, Ping", "Chen, Yan", "Zhou, Hao"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464105", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342724, "title": "Isolation of infectious SARS-CoV-2 from urine of a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Sun, Jing", "Zhu, Airu", "Li, Heying", "Zheng, Kui", "Zhuang, Zhen", "Chen, Zhao", "Shi, Yongxia", "Zhang, Zhaoyong", "Chen, Si-Bei", "Liu, Xuesong", "Dai, Jun", "Li, Xiaobo", "Huang, Shuxiang", "Huang, Xiaofang", "Luo, Ling", "Wen, Liyan", "Zhuo, Jianfen", "Li, Yuming", "Wang, Yanqun", "Zhang, Lu", "Zhang, Yanjun", "Li, Fang", "Feng, Liqiang", "Chen, Xinwen", "Zhong, Nanshan", "Yang, Zifeng", "Huang, Jicheng", "Zhao, Jincun", "Li, Yi-Min"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342724", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 caused a major outbreak of severe pneumonia (COVID-19) in humans. Viral RNA was detected in multiple organs in COVID-19 patients. However, infectious SARS-CoV-2 was only isolated from respiratory specimens. Here, infectious SARS-CoV-2 was successfully isolated from urine of a COVID-19 patient. The virus isolated could infect new susceptible cells and was recognized by its' own patient sera. Appropriate precautions should be taken to avoid transmission from urine."}, {"pmid": 32479632, "title": "Characteristics of Hospitalized Pediatric COVID-19 Cases - Chicago, Illinois, March - April 2020.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Mannheim, Jonathan", "Gretsch, Stephanie", "Layden, Jennifer E", "Fricchione, Marielle J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479632", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, no report on COVID-19 pediatric patients in a large urban center with data on underlying comorbidities and co-infection for hospitalized cases has been published. Case series of Chicago COVID-19 patients aged 0-17 years reported to Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) from 3/5/20-4/8/20. Enhanced case investigation performed. Chi-square and Wilcoxon two-sample tests to compare characteristics among hospitalized and non-hospitalized cases. During March 5-April 8, 2020, 6369 lab-confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported to CDPH; 64 (1.0%) were among children 0-17 years. Ten patients (16%) were hospitalized, seven (70%) required intensive care (ICU); median length of hospitalization 4 days (range: 1-14). Reported fever and dyspnea were significantly higher in hospitalized patients compared to non-hospitalized patients (9/10 vs. 28/54, p = 0.04 and 7/10 vs. 10/54, p = 0.002, respectively). Hospitalized patients were significantly younger than non-hospitalized patients (median, 3.5 years vs. 12 years; p = 0.03) and all either had an underlying comorbidity or co-infection. Among the 34 unique households with multiple laboratory-confirmed infections, median number of laboratory-confirmed infections was 2 (range: 2-5), and 31 (91%) households had at least one COVID-19 infected adult. For 15 households with available data to assess transmission, 11 (73%) were adult-to-child, 2 (13%) child-to-child, and 2 (13%) child-to-adult. Enhanced case investigation of hospitalized patients revealed that underlying comorbidities and co-infection might have contributed to severe disease. Given frequency of household transmission, healthcare providers should consider alternative dispositional planning for affected families of children living with comorbidities."}, {"pmid": 32451301, "pmcid": "PMC7194545", "title": "A picture of the covid-19 impact on IVIRMA fertility treatment clinics in Spain and Italy.", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Requena, Antonio", "Cruz, Maria", "Vergara, Vanessa", "Prados, Nicolas", "Galliano, Daniela", "Pellicer, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451301", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel coronavirus infection that arose in Wuhan, China in December 2019 has resulted in an epidemic that has quickly expanded to become one of the most significant public health threats in recent times. Unfortunately, the disease has spread globally. On March 11th (2020) World Health Organization (WHO) declared Covid-19 a pandemic and has called governments to take urgent and aggressive action to change the course of the outbreak. Within the context of Assisted Reproduction, both reproductive medicine professionals and patients are also fighting against this unprecedented viral pandemic. In view of events, most of us had to make serious decisions, some of them with a lack of scientific evidence due to the circumstances and with the only objective of ensuring the safe care of our patients, reduce non-essential contacts and prevent possible maternal and fetal complications in future pregnancies. Pregnant women should not be considered at high risk for developing severe infection. Up to date, there are no reported deaths in pregnant women with Covid-19, while in the cases that have presented pneumonia because of Covid-19, the symptoms have been moderate and with a good prognosis in recovery."}, {"pmid": 32381375, "pmcid": "PMC7180380", "title": "Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Rahimi, Farid", "Talebi Bezmin Abadi, Amin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381375", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the initial outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic (now called COVID-19)-in Wuhan, China-and its subsequent fast dispersion throughout the world, many questions regarding its pathogenesis, genetic evolution, prevention, and transmission routes remain unanswered but fast explored. More than 100,000 confirmed, infected cases within a relatively short period of time globally corroborated the presumption that a pandemic will develop; such a pandemic will require a suite of global intervention measures. Consequently, different countries have reacted differently to the COVID-19 outbreak, but a uniform global response is necessary for tackling the pandemic. Managing the present or future COVID-19 outbreaks is not impossible but surely difficult. Barring the live-animal trade at the markets; revising the regulations and rules of customs, import or export across borders; supporting and expediting projects to develop vaccines and antiviral drugs; immediate quarantine of the involved regions; and also producing and supplying a large number of protective facemasks and preventing its stockpiling or smuggling are the main actions suggested to deal with the present or a forthcoming COVID-19 outbreaks. Increasing numbers of infected cases had heightened concerns about the public health and welfare. Thus, preparing for the next probable pandemic of COVID-19 demands scrutinization of the lessons we have learnt so far."}, {"pmid": 32473070, "title": "Treatment of COVID-19 with pentoxifylline: Could it be a potential adjuvant therapy?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Seirafianpour, Farnoosh", "Mozafarpoor, Samaneh", "Fattahi, Nima", "Sadeghzadeh-Bazargan, Afsaneh", "Hanifiha, Melika", "Goodarzi, Azadeh"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473070", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is facing a viral pandemic of a new coronavirus called COVID-19. Pentoxifylline is a methyl-xanthine and it inhibits phosphodiesterase IV (PDE IV). This drug is known for its unique features as an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent, also it could have antiviral affects. This is a scoping review, in which all related articles on COVID-19 and the probable benefits of Pentoxifylline against COVID-19 pathogenesis, in Medline, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar up to March 20, 2020 with proper keywords including: pentoxifylline, Pentoxil, COVID-19, coronavirus, treatment, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-fibrosis, oxygenation, circulation, bronchodilator, ARDS and organ failure. We found many confirmatory data on proper efficacy of pentoxifylline n controlling COVID-19 and its consequences. The antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, immune-modulatory, bronchodilator and respiratory supportive effects and protective roles in organ failures of PTX, along with its main functions means better circulation-oxygenation properties, low price and safety, make it a promising drug to be considered for covid-19 treatment, especially as an adjuvant therapy in combination with other drugs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32298677, "pmcid": "PMC7194544", "title": "Clinical characteristics and prognosis in cancer patients with COVID-19: A single center's retrospective study.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Ma, Jia", "Yin, Jing", "Qian, Yu", "Wu, Yuan"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298677", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313845, "pmcid": "PMC7165239", "title": "Radiation Therapy in King County, Washington During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Balancing Patient Care, Transmission Mitigation, and Resident Training.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Dinh, Tru-Khang T", "Halasz, Lia M", "Ford, Eric", "Rengan, Ramesh"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313845", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255684, "title": "Vascular Changes Detected With Thoracic CT in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Might Be Significant Determinants for Accurate Diagnosis and Optimal Patient Management.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Qanadli, Salah D", "Beigelman-Aubry, Catherine", "Rotzinger, David C"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255684", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501150, "title": "Self-Direction of Home and Community-Based Services in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Mahoney, Kevin J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing homes and assisted living facilities have accounted for over 20% of all infections, adult day care and other congregate sites have closed, and traditional home care agencies are facing staff shortages. In this environment, self-direction of home and community-based services, where the participant can hire their own staff and manage a budget that can be used for a broad range of goods and services including home modifications and assistive devices, is seen as a promising intervention. Using self-direction participants can minimize the number of people who enter their homes and pay close family and friends who were already providing many hours of informal care, and now may be unemployed. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services is encouraging this approach. This commentary presents information on how states have responded using the new CMS Toolkit by expanding who can be a paid caregiver, increasing budgets and broadening the kinds of items that can be purchased with budgets to include items like personal protective equipment and supports for telehealth. This Commentary concludes with policy and research questions regarding how the delivery of long-term services and supports (LTSS) may change as the world returns to\"normal\"."}, {"pmid": 32421378, "title": "Corrigendum to Canadian Association of Thoracic Radiology/Canadian Association of Radiologists Consensus Statement Regarding Chest Imaging in Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421378", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459948, "title": "Audio Interview: New Data on Remdesivir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459948", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340542, "title": "A Commentary on the Challenges of Telemedicine for Head and Neck Oncologic Patients during COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Triantafillou, Vasiliki", "Rajasekaran, Karthik"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340542", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented and historic event that presents unique challenges to patient care to medical providers worldwide. The pandemic and the ensuing rapid changes to medical practice have particularly affected head and neck cancer surgeons and their patients. In an effort to balance the needs of our patients with the risks to patient and staff safety, we have been tasked with finding alternatives to the traditional office visit. In this commentary, we discuss how telemedicine can be incorporated into the head and neck surgery practice, the challenges that we have faced, and the dilemmas with which we have dealt in our efforts to fulfill the ongoing need for care of this unique patient population."}, {"pmid": 32513559, "title": "Foreword: Neonatal intensive care unit preparedness for the novel Coronavirus Disease-2019 pandemic: A New York City hospital perspective.", "journal": "Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care", "authors": ["Fierman, Arthur H"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513559", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473856, "pmcid": "PMC7243775", "title": "Webinars in plastic and reconstructive surgery training - a review of the current landscape during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Ali, Stephen R", "Dobbs, Thomas D", "Whitaker, Iain S"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473856", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422065, "pmcid": "PMC7236891", "title": "Pharmacokinetics of Lopinavir and Ritonavir in Patients Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Schoergenhofer, Christian", "Jilma, Bernd", "Stimpfl, Thomas", "Karolyi, Mario", "Zoufaly, Alexander"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422065", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437891, "pmcid": "PMC7211730", "title": "COVID-19, an opportunity to reevaluate the correlation between long-term effects of anthropogenic pollutants on viral epidemic/pandemic events and prevalence.", "journal": "Food Chem Toxicol", "authors": ["Tsatsakis, Aristidis", "Petrakis, Demetrious", "Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos", "Docea, Anca Oana", "Calina, Daniela", "Vinceti, Marco", "Goumenou, Marina", "Kostoff, Ronald N", "Mamoulakis, Charalampos", "Aschner, Michael", "Hernandez, Antonio F"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437891", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Occupational, residential, dietary and environmental exposures to mixtures of synthetic anthropogenic chemicals after World War II have a strong relationship with the increase of chronic diseases, health cost and environmental pollution. The link between environment and immunity is particularly intriguing as it is known that chemicals and drugs can cause immunotoxicity (e.g., allergies and autoimmune diseases). In this review, we emphasize the relationship between long-term exposure to xenobiotic mixtures and immune deficiency inherent to chronic diseases and epidemics/pandemics. We also address the immunotoxicologic risk of vulnerable groups, taking into account biochemical and biophysical properties of SARS-CoV-2 and its immunopathological implications. We particularly underline the common mechanisms by which xenobiotics and SARS-CoV-2 act at the cellular and molecular level. We discuss how long-term exposure to thousand chemicals in mixtures, mostly fossil fuel derivatives, exposure toparticle matters, metals, ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation, ionizing radiation and lifestyle contribute to immunodeficiency observed in the contemporary pandemic, such as COVID-19, and thus threaten global public health, human prosperity and achievements, and global economy. Finally, we propose metrics which are needed to address the diverse health effects of anthropogenic COVID-19 crisis at present and those required to prevent similar future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 31969714, "pmcid": "PMC7097208", "title": "Rapid outbreak response requires trust.", "journal": "Nat Microbiol", "date": "2020-01-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31969714", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369287, "pmcid": "PMC7199979", "title": "COVID-19: GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR CARDIOVASCULAR SURGEONS (standard guidelines - subject to change).", "journal": "Braz J Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Barros, Leila", "Rivetti, Luiz Antonio", "Furlanetto, Beatriz Helena", "Teixeira, Eduardo Miranda", "Welikow, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369287", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461612, "pmcid": "PMC7253482", "title": "Vulnerabilities in coronavirus glycan shields despite extensive glycosylation.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Watanabe, Yasunori", "Berndsen, Zachary T", "Raghwani, Jayna", "Seabright, Gemma E", "Allen, Joel D", "Pybus, Oliver G", "McLellan, Jason S", "Wilson, Ian A", "Bowden, Thomas A", "Ward, Andrew B", "Crispin, Max"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461612", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses (CoVs) are zoonotic pathogens with high fatality rates and pandemic potential. Vaccine development focuses on the principal target of the neutralizing humoral immune response, the spike (S) glycoprotein. Coronavirus S proteins are extensively glycosylated, encoding around 66-87 N-linked glycosylation sites per trimeric spike. Here, we reveal a specific area of high glycan density on MERS S that results in the formation of oligomannose-type glycan clusters, which were absent on SARS and HKU1 CoVs. We provide a comparison of the global glycan density of coronavirus spikes with other viral proteins including HIV-1 envelope, Lassa virus glycoprotein complex, and influenza hemagglutinin, where glycosylation plays a known role in shielding immunogenic epitopes. Overall, our data reveal how organisation of glycosylation across class I viral fusion proteins influence not only individual glycan compositions but also the immunological pressure across the protein surface."}, {"pmid": 32442105, "pmcid": "PMC7236683", "title": "The FDA-approved gold drug auranofin inhibits novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) replication and attenuates inflammation in human cells.", "journal": "Virology", "authors": ["Rothan, Hussin A", "Stone, Shannon", "Natekar, Janhavi", "Kumari, Pratima", "Arora, Komal", "Kumar, Mukesh"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442105", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-COV-2 has recently emerged as a new public health threat. Herein, we report that the FDA-approved drug, auranofin, inhibits SARS-COV-2 replication in human cells at low micro molar concentration. Treatment of cells with auranofin resulted in a 95% reduction in the viral RNA at 48\u00a0h after infection. Auranofin treatment dramatically reduced the expression of SARS-COV-2-induced cytokines in human cells. These data indicate that auranofin could be a useful drug to limit SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated lung injury due to its antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anti-reactive oxygen species (ROS) properties. Further animal studies are warranted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of auranofin for the management of SARS-COV-2 associated disease."}, {"pmid": 32394721, "title": "Social Capital in the Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Health Promot", "authors": ["Pitas, Nicholas", "Ehmer, Colin"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394721", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social capital provides a number of benefits during crisis scenarios, and high social capital communities respond more efficaciously than those with low social capital. With this in mind, we argue that the response to and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic may be hampered in many American communities by deficiencies or disruptions in social capital brought about by physical distancing. Drawing on evidence from past crises, we recommend individuals, communities, and government institutions work to strengthen and expand social networks. A failure to do so will exact a toll in terms of human morbidity and mortality and exacerbate the current disaster."}, {"pmid": 32530367, "title": "Covid-19: Refracting decision-making through the prism of resource allocation.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Law, Richard Wm", "Choong, Kartina A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530367", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical decision-making has, across the history of the NHS, made a transitional journey from a model characterised by paternalism to one which places emphasis on partnership and patient autonomy. This article assesses the extent to which the circumstances generated by the Covid-19 pandemic affect the mode of critical care decision-making. It observes that clinical judgment influenced by protocols, algorithms and resource constraints do not lend themselves to full identification with either of the two frameworks familiar to the NHS. The unique mode of decision-making engendered can only be understood on its own terms."}, {"pmid": 32464662, "title": "Answering the Call: Impact of Tele-ICU Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Crit Care Nurse", "authors": ["Arneson, Sandy L", "Tucker, Sara J", "Mercier, Marie", "Singh, Jaspal"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464662", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has exacerbated staffing challenges already facing critical care nurses in intensive care units. Many intensive care units have been understaffed and the majority of nurses working in these units have little experience. To describe how the skilled tele-intensive care unit nurses in our health system quickly changed from a patient-focused strategy to a clinician-focused approach during the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis. We modified workflows, deployed home workstations, and changed staffing models with the goal of providing additional clinical support to bedside colleagues while reducing exposure time and conserving personal protective equipment for those caring for this highly contagious patient population. The unit changed focus and granted more than 300 clinicians access to technology that enabled them to care for patients remotely, added nearly 200 mobile carts, and allowed more than 20 tele-intensive care unit nurses to work from home. Tele-intensive care unit nursing provided clinical knowledge to the nurses covering current and expanded critical care units. Using technology, virtual rounding, and increased collaboration with nurses, tele-intensive care unit nursing minimized the risk to bedside nurses while maintaining a high level of care for patients. Tele-intensive care unit nurses provided a proactive, holistic approach to caring for critically ill patients via camera as part of their routine workflow. In addition, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, these nurses created a new strategy in virtual health care to be implemented during a crisis."}, {"pmid": 32353356, "pmcid": "PMC7184987", "title": "Comentary: Obesity: The \"Achilles heel\" for COVID-19?", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Muscogiuri, Giovanna", "Pugliese, Gabriella", "Barrea, Luigi", "Savastano, Silvia", "Colao, Annamaria"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353356", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330629, "pmcid": "PMC7172702", "title": "Personal protective equipment recommendations based on COVID-19 route of transmission.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Gupta, Mohit Kumar", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330629", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491108, "pmcid": "PMC7269525", "title": "COVID-19: challenges for a new epoch.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Silva, Cleyton Martins da", "Arbilla, Graciela"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491108", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32120822, "title": "On the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak and the Smart City Network: Universal Data Sharing Standards Coupled with Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Benefit Urban Health Monitoring and Management.", "journal": "Healthcare (Basel)", "authors": ["Allam, Zaheer", "Jones, David S"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32120822", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the Coronavirus (COVID-19) expands its impact from China, expanding its catchment into surrounding regions and other countries, increased national and international measures are being taken to contain the outbreak. The placing of entire cities in 'lockdown' directly affects urban economies on a multi-lateral level, including from social and economic standpoints. This is being emphasised as the outbreak gains ground in other countries, leading towards a global health emergency, and as global collaboration is sought in numerous quarters. However, while effective protocols in regard to the sharing of health data is emphasised, urban data, on the other hand, specifically relating to urban health and safe city concepts, is still viewed from a nationalist perspective as solely benefiting a nation's economy and its economic and political influence. This perspective paper, written one month after detection and during the outbreak, surveys the virus outbreak from an urban standpoint and advances how smart city networks should work towards enhancing standardization protocols for increased data sharing in the event of outbreaks or disasters, leading to better global understanding and management of the same."}, {"pmid": 32333857, "pmcid": "PMC7175884", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: consider thromboembolic disorders and thromboprophylaxis.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Di Renzo, Gian Carlo", "Giardina, Irene"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333857", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295665, "pmcid": "PMC7242913", "title": "Pandemic March: 2019 Coronavirus Disease's First Wave Circumnavigates the Globe.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Shultz, James M", "Perlin, Alanna", "Saltzman, Russell Gary", "Espinel, Zelde", "Galea, Sandro"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295665", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "March 2020 was a pivotal month for the worldwide geographic and numeric expansion of the first wave of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We examined the major storylines that depicted this explosive spread of COVID-19 around the globe. A detailed review of World Health Organization (WHO) situation reports, surveillance summaries, and online resources allowed us to quantify the increases in cases and deaths by region and by country throughout the month of March 2020. During March, COVID-19 was officially declared by the WHO to be a pandemic. COVID-19 emerged from a focalized outbreak in the Western Pacific Region and rapidly proliferated across all continents worldwide. Globally, cumulative numbers of confirmed cases increased by a factor of nine throughout the month. During the entire month, cases rose exponentially throughout Europe. Starting in mid-March, confirmed cases accelerated coast-to-coast throughout the United States and, on March 26, the United States surpassed all other nations to rank first in numbers of cases. COVID-19 mortality lagged several weeks behind but by month's end, death tolls were also rising exponentially. March 2020 was a consequential month when the COVID-19 pandemic wrapped completely around the planet, with outbreaks erupting in most nations worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32367852, "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 and novel coronavirus disease 2019: An extraordinary pandemic.", "journal": "Lung India", "authors": ["Singh, Sheetu", "Sharma, Bharat Bhushan"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367852", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has emerged as one of the most significant illnesses of the current century. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The world was initially viewing it as a localized outbreak in Wuhan city of China; however, it started spreading quickly to other parts of the world. Globally, half-hearted containment measures and a false sense of safety against this novel coronavirus led to the dissemination of disease. Currently, no effective therapy or vaccine is available to manage this illness. After learning a huge lesson, global efforts would hopefully lead to effective control of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32167524, "pmcid": "PMC7070509", "title": "Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Wu, Chaomin", "Chen, Xiaoyan", "Cai, Yanping", "Xia, Jia'an", "Zhou, Xing", "Xu, Sha", "Huang, Hanping", "Zhang, Li", "Zhou, Xia", "Du, Chunling", "Zhang, Yuye", "Song, Juan", "Wang, Sijiao", "Chao, Yencheng", "Yang, Zeyong", "Xu, Jie", "Zhou, Xin", "Chen, Dechang", "Xiong, Weining", "Xu, Lei", "Zhou, Feng", "Jiang, Jinjun", "Bai, Chunxue", "Zheng, Junhua", "Song, Yuanlin"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167524", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that was first reported in Wuhan, China, and has subsequently spread worldwide. Risk factors for the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia have not yet been well delineated. To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or died. Retrospective cohort study of 201 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital in China between December 25, 2019, and January 26, 2020. The final date of follow-up was February 13, 2020. Confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. The development of ARDS and death. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, management, treatment, and outcome data were also collected and analyzed. Of 201 patients, the median age was 51 years (interquartile range, 43-60 years), and 128 (63.7%) patients were men. Eighty-four patients (41.8%) developed ARDS, and of those 84 patients, 44 (52.4%) died. In those who developed ARDS, compared with those who did not, more patients presented with dyspnea (50 of 84 [59.5%] patients and 30 of 117 [25.6%] patients, respectively [difference, 33.9%; 95% CI, 19.7%-48.1%]) and had comorbidities such as hypertension (23 of 84 [27.4%] patients and 16 of 117 [13.7%] patients, respectively [difference, 13.7%; 95% CI, 1.3%-26.1%]) and diabetes (16 of 84 [19.0%] patients and 6 of 117 [5.1%] patients, respectively [difference, 13.9%; 95% CI, 3.6%-24.2%]). In bivariate Cox regression analysis, risk factors associated with the development of ARDS and progression from ARDS to death included older age (hazard ratio [HR], 3.26; 95% CI 2.08-5.11; and HR, 6.17; 95% CI, 3.26-11.67, respectively), neutrophilia (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09-1.19; and HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.17, respectively), and organ and coagulation dysfunction (eg, higher lactate dehydrogenase [HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.44-1.79; and HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.11-1.52, respectively] and D-dimer [HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04; and HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04, respectively]). High fever (\u226539 \u00b0C) was associated with higher likelihood of ARDS development (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.11-2.84) and lower likelihood of death (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21-0.82). Among patients with ARDS, treatment with methylprednisolone decreased the risk of death (HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.20-0.72). Older age was associated with greater risk of development of ARDS and death likely owing to less rigorous immune response. Although high fever was associated with the development of ARDS, it was also associated with better outcomes among patients with ARDS. Moreover, treatment with methylprednisolone may be beneficial for patients who develop ARDS."}, {"pmid": 32024976, "pmcid": "PMC7091741", "title": "A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Jiang, Shibo", "Xia, Shuai", "Ying, Tianlei", "Lu, Lu"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32024976", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446698, "pmcid": "PMC7242191", "title": "Famotidine Use is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Cohort Study.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Freedberg, Daniel E", "Conigliaro, Joseph", "Wang, Timothy C", "Tracey, Kevin J", "Callahan, Michael V", "Abrams, Julian A", "Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E", "Markowitz, David D", "Gupta, Aakriti", "O'Donnell, Max R", "Li, Jianhua", "Tuveson, David A", "Jin, Zhezhen", "Turner, William C", "Landry, Donald W"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446698", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482250, "pmcid": "PMC7161522", "title": "Prior and novel coronaviruses, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and human reproduction: what is known?", "journal": "Fertil Steril", "authors": ["Segars, James", "Katler, Quinton", "McQueen, Dana B", "Kotlyar, Alexander", "Glenn, Tanya", "Knight, Zac", "Feinberg, Eve C", "Taylor, Hugh S", "Toner, James P", "Kawwass, Jennifer F"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482250", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To summarize current understanding of the effects of novel and prior coronaviruses on human reproduction, specifically male and female gametes, and in pregnancy. Review of English publications in PubMed and Embase to April 6,\u00a02020. Articles were screened for reports including coronavirus, reproduction, pathophysiology, and pregnancy. None. Reproductive outcomes, effects on gametes, pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal complications. Seventy-nine reports formed the basis of the review. Coronavirus binding to cells involves the S1 domain of the spike protein to receptors present in reproductive tissues, including angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), CD26, Ezrin, and cyclophilins. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) may cause severe orchitis leading to germ cell destruction in males. Reports indicate decreased sperm concentration and motility for 72-90 days following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Gonadotropin-dependent expression of ACE2 was found in human ovaries, but it is unclear whether SARS-Coronavirus 2 (CoV-2) adversely affects female gametogenesis. Evidence suggests that COVID-19 infection has a lower maternal case fatality rate than SARS or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), but anecdotal reports suggest that infected, asymptomatic women may develop respiratory symptoms postpartum. Coronavirus Disease 2019 infections in pregnancy are associated with preterm delivery. Postpartum neonatal transmission from mother to child has been reported. Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection may affect adversely some pregnant women and their offspring. Additional studies are needed to assess effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male and female fertility."}, {"pmid": 32449116, "pmcid": "PMC7245628", "title": "COVID-19 and Hidden Housing Vulnerabilities: Implications for Health Equity, New Haven, Connecticut.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Rosenberg, Alana", "Keene, Danya E", "Schlesinger, Penelope", "Groves, Allison K", "Blankenship, Kim M"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449116", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305359, "pmcid": "PMC7162779", "title": "American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Pharmacy Special Interest Group Position Statement on Pharmacy Practice Management and Clinical Management for COVID-19 in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Patients in the United States.", "journal": "Biol Blood Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Mahmoudjafari, Zahra", "Alexander, Maurice", "Roddy, Julianna", "Shaw, Ryan", "Shigle, Terri Lynn", "Timlin, Colleen", "Culos, Katie"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305359", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a significant risk to patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) or cellular therapy. The American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Pharmacy Special Interest Group Steering Committee aims to provide pharmacy practice management recommendations for how to transition clinical HCT or cellular therapy pharmacy services using telemedicine capabilities in the inpatient and outpatient settings to maintain an equivalent level of clinical practice while minimizing viral spread in a high-risk, immunocompromised population.\u00a0In addition, the Steering Committee offers clinical management recommendations for COVID-19 in HCT and\u00a0cellular therapy recipients based on the rapidly developing literature. As the therapeutic and supportive care interventions for COVID-19 expand, collaboration with clinical pharmacy providers is critical to ensure safe administration in HCT recipients. Attention to drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and toxicity, particularly QTc prolongation, warrants close cardiac monitoring and potential cessation of concomitant QTc-prolonging agents. Expanded indications for hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab have already caused stress on the usual supply chain. Detailed prescribing algorithms, decision pathways, and specific patient population stock may be necessary. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged all members of the healthcare team, and we must continue to remain vigilant in providing pharmacy clinical services to one of the most high-risk patient populations while also remaining committed to providing compassionate and safe care for patients undergoing HCT and cellular therapies."}, {"pmid": 32425204, "pmcid": "PMC7232069", "title": "THORACIC SURGERY FOR MALIGNANCY AND EMERGENCY IRRESPECTIVE OF COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Maurizi, Giulio", "Rendina, Erino Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419128, "title": "Resuscitation of the patient with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 when wearing personal protective equipment: A randomized multicenter crossover simulation trial.", "journal": "Cardiol J", "authors": ["Malysz, Marek", "Dabrowski, Marek", "Bottiger, Bernd W", "Smereka, Jacek", "Kulak, Klaudia", "Szarpak, Agnieszka", "Jaguszewski, Milosz", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J", "Ladny, Jerzy R", "Ruetzler, Kurt", "Szarpak, Lukasz"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419128", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the study was to evaluate various methods of chest compressions in patients with suspected/confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection conducted by medical students wearing full personal protective equipment (PPE) for aerosol generating procedures (AGP). This was prospective, randomized, multicenter, single-blinded, crossover simulation trial. Thirty-five medical students after an advanced cardiovascular life support course, which included performing 2-min continuous chest compression scenarios using 3 methods: (A) manual chest compression (CC), (B) compression with CPRMeter, (C) compression with LifeLine ARM device. During resuscitation they are wearing full personal protective equipment for aerosol generating procedures. The median chest compression depth using manual CC, CPRMeter and LifeLine ARM varied and amounted to 40 (38-45) vs. 45 (40-50) vs. 51 (50-52) mm, respectively (p = 0.002). The median chest compression rate was 109 (IQR; 102-131) compressions per minute (CPM) for manual CC, 107 (105-127) CPM for CPRMeter, and 102 (101-102) CPM for LifeLine ARM (p = 0.027). The percentage of correct chest recoil was the highest for LifeLine ARM - 100% (95-100), 80% (60-90) in CPRMeter group, and the lowest for manual CC - 29% (26-48). According to the results of this simulation trial, automated chest compression devices (ACCD) should be used for chest compression of patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19. In the absence of ACCD, it seems reasonable to change the cardiopulmonary resuscitation algorithm (in the context of patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19) by reducing the duration of the CPR cycle from the current 2-min to 1-min cycles due to a statistically significant reduction in the quality of chest compressions among rescuers wearing PPE AGP."}, {"pmid": 32324977, "title": "Maintaining Emotional Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Resource for Your Patients.", "journal": "Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis", "authors": ["Latham, Sara", "Sullivan, Jamie", "Williams, Stephanie", "Eakin, Michelle N"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324977", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238261, "title": "[Alerted but not panicked. The role of the media during the pandemic.]", "journal": "Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba", "authors": ["Segura, Maria Soledad"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238261", "countries": ["Argentina"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Este art\u00edculo analiza la cobertura medi\u00e1tica del avance de la pandemia de Covid-19 en Argentina y la medida de aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio decretada por el gobierno nacional. Destaca tendencias problem\u00e1ticas y buenas pr\u00e1cticas seg\u00fan un enfoque te\u00f3rico-normativo, y las vincula con las caracter\u00edsticas hist\u00f3ricas del sistema de medios en el pa\u00eds. Utiliza una perspectiva te\u00f3rico-metodol\u00f3gica que concibe a la comunicaci\u00f3n como un derecho humano fundamental, esencial en una sociedad democr\u00e1tica y a los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n de masas como veh\u00edculo fundamental para su ejercicio, y se apoya en las recomendaciones formuladas por organismos internacionales, organizaciones de la sociedad civil e instituciones nacionales. Se sostiene que los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n de masas en la Argentina tienen la oportunidad hist\u00f3rica de mostrar la relevancia de su aporte no s\u00f3lo para que enfrentar esta coyuntura, sino tambi\u00e9n para que salgamos de ella como una sociedad mejor y m\u00e1s justa."}, {"pmid": 32160122, "pmcid": "PMC7068761", "title": "All roads lead to coronavirus.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Abbasi, Kamran"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160122", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362036, "pmcid": "PMC7267160", "title": "Being African American and Rural: A Double Jeopardy From COVID-19.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Sood, Lakshay", "Sood, Vanita"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362036", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525853, "title": "First Reported Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Companion Animals - New York, March-April 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Newman, Alexandra", "Smith, David", "Ghai, Ria R", "Wallace, Ryan M", "Torchetti, Mia Kim", "Loiacono, Christina", "Murrell, Laura S", "Carpenter, Ann", "Moroff, Scott", "Rooney, Jane A", "Barton Behravesh, Casey"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525853", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On April 22, CDC and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported cases of two domestic cats with confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These are the first reported companion animals (including pets and service animals) with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States, and among the first findings of SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic companion animals reported worldwide. These feline cases originated from separate households and were epidemiologically linked to suspected or confirmed human COVID-19 cases in their respective households. Notification of presumptive positive animal test results triggered a One Health* investigation by state and federal partners, who determined that no further transmission events to other animals or persons had occurred. Both cats fully recovered. Although there is currently no evidence that animals play a substantial role in spreading COVID-19, CDC advises persons with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 to restrict contact with animals during their illness and to monitor any animals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and separate them from other persons and animals at home (1)."}, {"pmid": 32500666, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 in an Orthotopic Liver Transplant Recipient Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Modi, Anita R", "Koval, Christine E", "Taege, Alan J", "Modaresi Esfeh, Jamak", "Eghtesad, Bijan", "Menon, K V Narayanan", "Quintini, Cristiano", "Miller, Charles"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500666", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), mediated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can manifest with flu-like illness and severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Immunocompromised patients merit particular attention as altered host immunity may influence both disease severity and duration of viral shedding as is described with several other ribonucleic acid respiratory viruses. Yet immunocompromised status alone, in the absence of other comorbidities, may not necessarily predict severe illness presentations and poorer clinical outcomes as indicated by recent reports of COVID-19-infected solid organ transplant recipients and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Such patients may even be spared the robust inflammatory response that precipitates ARDS associated with COVID-19, complicating the management of iatrogenic immunosuppression in this setting. We present a case of an orthotopic liver transplant recipient with well-controlled HIV who successfully recovered from a mild, flu-like illness attributed to SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32526507, "title": "Use of hydroxychloroquine and interferon alpha-2b for the prophylaxis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Yang, Alexander", "Yang, Charlotte", "Yang, Bing"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526507", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 infection demands efforts to reduce spread. In order to eradicate an infectious disease, a method of prevention with low social cost is the most effective way. While we wait for new therapies and a vaccine, we are proposing a solution based on the existing knowledge in biomedical sciences. Here we propose to use low doses of hydroxychloroquine (50-100\u00a0mg daily orally) and intranasal interferon alpha-2b (IFN \u03b1-2b) spray (0.5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0106 IU twice daily) for the prophylaxis of COVID-19. Although there are ongoing clinical trials to test the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis, there has not been any proposal to test the efficacy of IFN \u03b1-2b together with hydroxychloroquine to increase protection against COVID-19. Since the two act on two different mechanisms, we strongly believe that the two could have additive effects in prophylaxis against COVID-19. We recommend using a randomized control study to prove efficacy and safety."}, {"pmid": 32043842, "title": "[2019-novel coronavirus infection in a three-month-old baby].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Y H", "Lin, D J", "Xiao, M F", "Wang, J C", "Wei, Y", "Lei, Z X", "Zeng, Z Q", "Li, L", "Li, H A", "Xiang, W"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32043842", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32264791, "pmcid": "PMC7188049", "title": "Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Discovery of ACE2.", "journal": "Circ Res", "authors": ["Gheblawi, Mahmoud", "Wang, Kaiming", "Viveiros, Anissa", "Nguyen, Quynh", "Zhong, Jiu-Chang", "Turner, Anthony J", "Raizada, Mohan K", "Grant, Maria B", "Oudit, Gavin Y"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264791", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) has a multiplicity of physiological roles that revolve around its trivalent function: a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, facilitator of amino acid transport, and the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 receptor. ACE2 is widely expressed, including, in the lungs, cardiovascular system, gut, kidneys, central nervous system, and adipose tissue. ACE2 has recently been identified as the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, the infective agent responsible for coronavirus disease 2019, providing a critical link between immunity, inflammation, ACE2, and cardiovascular disease. Although sharing a close evolutionary relationship with SARS-CoV, the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 differs in several key amino acid residues, allowing for stronger binding affinity with the human ACE2 receptor, which may account for the greater pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. The loss of ACE2 function following binding by SARS-CoV-2 is driven by endocytosis and activation of proteolytic cleavage and processing. The ACE2 system is a critical protective pathway against heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction including, myocardial infarction and hypertension, and against lung disease and diabetes mellitus. The control of gut dysbiosis and vascular permeability by ACE2 has emerged as an essential mechanism of pulmonary hypertension and diabetic cardiovascular complications. Recombinant ACE2, gene-delivery of Ace2, Ang 1-7 analogs, and Mas receptor agonists enhance ACE2 action and serve as potential therapies for disease conditions associated with an activated renin-angiotensin system. rhACE2 (recombinant human ACE2) has completed clinical trials and efficiently lowered or increased plasma angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 levels, respectively. Our review summarizes the progress over the past 20 years, highlighting the critical role of ACE2 as the novel SARS-CoV-2 receptor and as the negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, together with implications for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and associated cardiovascular diseases."}, {"pmid": 32475834, "title": "Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus using hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine develop severe COVID-19 at similar frequency as patients not on antimalarials: need to explore antithrombotic benefits for COVID-19 coagulopathy. Response to: 'Clinical course of COVID-19 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus under long-term treatment with hydroxychloroquine' by Carbillon et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Konig, Maximilian F", "Gianfrancesco, Milena", "Yazdany, Jinoos", "Robinson, Philip C"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475834", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268634, "title": "[Technologies and requirements of protection and disinfection in key places during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268634", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 a new respiratory infectious disease, has become an important public health problem. Inappropriate protection and disinfection measures are potential risk factors of transmission and outbreak of COVID-19 in key places. This theme issue is concerned with the prevention and control of COVID-19. Comprehensive measures and suggestions for protection and disinfection are put forward from perspectives of functional areas in key places, such as hotels, mobile cabin hospitals, passenger transport stations and public transport facilities, environment and facilities, personal protection, operation management system, etc., so as to provide technical support for the prevention and control of new respiratory infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32490731, "title": "Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Receptors as a Means for Reducing Infectivity and Improving Antiviral and Immune Response: An Algorithm-based Method For Overcoming Resistance To Antiviral Agents.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Gelman, Ram", "Bayatra, Areej", "Kessler, Asa", "Schwartz, Asaf", "Ilan, Yaron"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490731", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, and it has created a pressing global need for effective antiviral therapies against it. COVID-19 disease pathogenesis is characterized by an initial virus-mediated phase, followed by inappropriate hyperactivation of the immune system leading to organ damage. Targeting of the SARS-CoV-2 viral receptors is being explored as a therapeutic option for these patients. In this paper, we summarize several potential receptors associated with the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss their association with the immune-mediated inflammatory response. The potential for the development of resistance towards antiviral drugs is also presented. An algorithm-based platform to improve the efficacy of and overcome resistance to viral receptor blockers through the introduction of personalized variability is described. This method is designed to ensure sustained antiviral effectiveness when using SARS-CoV-2 receptor blockers."}, {"pmid": 32445330, "title": "Time, distance, shielding and ALARA; drawing similarities between measures for radiation protection and Coronavirus disease pandemic response.", "journal": "Indian J Cancer", "authors": ["Mukherji, Ashutosh", "Gupta, Tejpal", "Agarwal, Jai Prakash"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445330", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The practice of radiation oncology requires stringent adherence to specific steps and principles designed to minimize exposure of an individual to unnecessary doses of radiation. The basic principles of such measures to reduce the risk of exposure and limit the doses of irradiation follow the \"as low as reasonably achievable \" or ALARA principle by using the concepts of time, distance and shielding. Potential exposures in radiation oncology are controlled through combination of optimal design and installation of radiation delivery equipment with well-defined standard operating procedures (SOPs). In the modern era of viral pandemics, similar principles can also be applied toward prevention of viral transmission and protection of populations at risk. In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the probability of an individual getting infected is dependent on the viral load that an individual is exposed to in public spaces over a period of time. All prevention and control measures are based on preventing any such exposure to the virus, that can be achieved through limiting space for movement of the virus, using barriers and increasing distance to vulnerable surfaces, and limiting the duration of exposure. Apart from adhering to the laid-down provisions of a lock-down, preventive measures recommended for the general public include maintaining hand-hygiene, social distancing, and using facemasks to break the chain of transmission. Appropriate triage and customization of treatment protocols can help curtail hospital visits and time-spent by cancer patients during pandemic times, thereby reducing their risk of exposure as well as allowing efficient utilization of resources. The outbreak of the contagious COVID-19 pandemic threatens to disrupt healthcare systems globally with its unprecedented challenges. However, despite all the difficulties and hardships, it has also enabled new ways of learning and communication, which are likely to persist even in the post-COVID world."}, {"pmid": 32358791, "pmcid": "PMC7267317", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in a psoriatic patient treated with IL-17 inhibitor.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Balestri, R", "Rech, G", "Girardelli, C R"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358791", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468982, "title": "Old Age Psychiatry Services in the UK responding to COVID-19.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Vedavanam, K", "Garrett, D", "Davies, N", "Moore, K J"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468982", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432994, "title": "Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke Amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: Decreased Activity, and Increased Care Delays.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Kerleroux, Basile", "Fabacher, Thibaut", "Bricout, Nicolas", "Moise, Martin", "Testud, Benoit", "Vingadassalom, Sivadji", "Ifergan, Heloise", "Janot, Kevin", "Consoli, Arturo", "Ben Hassen, Wagih", "Shotar, Eimad", "Ognard, Julien", "Charbonnier, Guillaume", "L'Allinec, Vincent", "Guedon, Alexis", "Bolognini, Federico", "Marnat, Gaultier", "Forestier, Geraud", "Rouchaud, Aymeric", "Pop, Raoul", "Raynaud, Nicolas", "Zhu, Francois", "Cortese, Jonathan", "Chalumeau, Vanessa", "Berge, Jerome", "Escalard, Simon", "Boulouis, Gregoire"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432994", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The efficiency of prehospital care chain response and the adequacy of hospital resources are challenged amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, with suspected consequences for patients with ischemic stroke eligible for mechanical thrombectomy (MT). We conducted a prospective national-level data collection of patients treated with MT, ranging 45 days across epidemic containment measures instatement, and of patients treated during the same calendar period in 2019. The primary end point was the variation of patients receiving MT during the epidemic period. Secondary end points included care delays between onset, imaging, and groin puncture. To analyze the primary end point, we used a Poisson regression model. We then analyzed the correlation between the number of MTs and the number of COVID-19 cases hospitalizations, using the Pearson correlation coefficient (compared with the null value). A total of 1513 patients were included at 32 centers, in all French administrative regions. There was a 21% significant decrease (0.79; [95%CI, 0.76-0.82]; P<0.001) in MT case volumes during the epidemic period, and a significant increase in delays between imaging and groin puncture, overall (mean 144.9\u00b1SD 86.8 minutes versus 126.2\u00b170.9; P<0.001 in 2019) and in transferred patients (mean 182.6\u00b1SD 82.0 minutes versus 153.25\u00b167; P<0.001). After the instatement of strict epidemic mitigation measures, there was a significant negative correlation between the number of hospitalizations for COVID and the number of MT cases (R2 -0.51; P=0.04). Patients treated during the COVID outbreak were less likely to receive intravenous thrombolysis and to have unwitnessed strokes (both P<0.05). Our study showed a significant decrease in patients treated with MTs during the first stages of the COVID epidemic in France and alarming indicators of lengthened care delays. These findings prompt immediate consideration of local and regional stroke networks preparedness in the varying contexts of COVID-19 pandemic evolution."}, {"pmid": 32376511, "pmcid": "PMC7196548", "title": "COVID-19: Initial experience of hand surgeons in Northern Italy.", "journal": "Hand Surg Rehabil", "authors": ["Facchin, F", "Messana, F", "Sonda, R", "Faccio, D", "Tiengo, C", "Bassetto, F"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376511", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487546, "title": "Covid-19 and ethnicity: it's too early to point to healthcare provider attitudes as a cause of poorer outcomes.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dimarco, Anthony D"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487546", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495121, "pmcid": "PMC7268956", "title": "The case for routine screening for SARS-CoV-2 before surgery.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Tenenbein, Paul", "Riazi, Sheila", "Johnstone, Jennie", "Keshavjee, Shaf", "Karkouti, Keyvan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495121", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32089242, "pmcid": "PMC7131387", "title": "Another coronavirus, another epidemic, another warning.", "journal": "Vaccine", "authors": ["Poland, Gregory A"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32089242", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437434, "pmcid": "PMC7241824", "title": "Public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Azlan, Arina Anis", "Hamzah, Mohammad Rezal", "Sern, Tham Jen", "Ayub, Suffian Hadi", "Mohamad, Emma"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437434", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to mitigate the outbreak of COVID-19, many countries have imposed drastic lockdown, movement control or shelter in place orders on their residents. The effectiveness of these mitigation measures is highly dependent on cooperation and compliance of all members of society. The knowledge, attitudes and practices people hold toward the disease play an integral role in determining a society's readiness to accept behavioural change measures from health authorities. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge levels, attitudes and practices toward COVID-19 among the Malaysian public. A cross-sectional online survey of 4,850 Malaysian residents was conducted between 27th March and 3rd April 2020. The survey instrument consisted of demographic characteristics, 13 items on knowledge, 3 items on attitudes and 3 items on practices, modified from a previously published questionnaire on COVID-19. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted. The overall correct rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 80.5%. Most participants held positive attitudes toward the successful control of COVID-19 (83.1%), the ability of Malaysia to conquer the disease (95.9%) and the way the Malaysian government was handling the crisis (89.9%). Most participants were also taking precautions such as avoiding crowds (83.4%) and practising proper hand hygiene (87.8%) in the week before the movement control order started. However, the wearing of face masks was less common (51.2%). This survey is among the first to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. The results highlight the importance of consistent messaging from health authorities and the government as well as the need for tailored health education programs to improve levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices."}, {"pmid": 32458230, "pmcid": "PMC7250588", "title": "The Landscape of Prescription Drug Shortages During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Toxicol", "authors": ["Fox, Erin R", "Stolbach, Andrew I", "Mazer-Amirshahi, Maryann"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287086, "title": "Practice Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["Vaccaro, Alexander R", "Getz, Charles L", "Cohen, Bruce E", "Cole, Brian J", "Donnally, Chester J 3rd"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287086", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 14, 2020, the Surgeon General of the United States urged a widespread cessation of all elective surgery across the country. The suddenness of this mandate and the concomitant spread of the COVID-19 virus left many hospital systems, orthopaedic practices, and patients with notable anxiety and confusion as to the near, intermediate, and long-term future of our healthcare system. As with most businesses in the United States during this time, many orthopaedic practices have been emotionally and fiscally devastated because of this crisis. Furthermore, this pandemic is occurring at a time where small and midsized orthopaedic groups are already struggling to cover practice overhead and to maintain autonomy from larger health systems. It is anticipated that many groups will experience financial demise, leading to substantial global consolidation. Because the authors represent some of the larger musculoskeletal multispecialty groups in the country, we are uniquely positioned to provide a framework with recommendations to best weather the ensuing months. We think these recommendations will allow providers and their staff to return to an infrastructure that can adjust immediately to the pent-up healthcare demand that may occur after the COVID-19 pandemic. In this editorial, we address practice finances, staffing, telehealth, operational plans after the crisis, and ethical considerations."}, {"pmid": 32523858, "pmcid": "PMC7273387", "title": "Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19-Related Patient Outcomes in Different Countries and Plan of Action: A Retrospective Analysis.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Roy, Sayak", "Khalse, Maneesha"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523858", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current development around the pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents a significant healthcare resource burden threatening to overwhelm the available nationwide healthcare infrastructure. It is essential to consider, especially for resource-limited nations, strategizing the coordinated response to handle this crisis effectively and preparing for the upcoming emergence of calamity caused by this yet-to-know disease entity. Relevant epidemiological data were retrieved from currently available online reports related to COVID-19 patients. The correlation coefficient was calculated by plotting dependant variables - the number of COVID-19 cases and the number of deaths due to COVID 19 on the Y-axis and independent variables - critical-care beds per capita, the median age of the population of the country, the number of COVID-19 tests per million population, population density (persons per square km), urban population percentage, and gross domestic product (GDP) expense on health care - on the X-axis. After analyzing the data, both the fatality rate and the total number of COVID-19 cases were found to have an inverse association with the population density with the variable - the number of cases of COVID-19 - achieving a statistical significance (p-value 0.01). The negative correlation between critical care beds and the fatality rate is well-justified, as intensive care unit (ICU) beds and ventilators are the critical elements in the management of complicated cases. There was also a significant positive correlation between GDP expenses on healthcare by a country and the number of COVID-19 cases being registered (p-value 0.008), although that did not affect mortality (p-value 0.851). This analysis discusses the overview of various epidemiological determinants possibly contributing to the variation in patient outcomes across regions and helps improve our understanding to develop a plan of action and effective control measures in the future."}, {"pmid": 32283285, "pmcid": "PMC7194542", "title": "Adoption of personal protective measures by ordinary citizens during the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Machida, Masaki", "Nakamura, Itaru", "Saito, Reiko", "Nakaya, Tomoki", "Hanibuchi, Tomoya", "Takamiya, Tomoko", "Odagiri, Yuko", "Fukushima, Noritoshi", "Kikuchi, Hiroyuki", "Kojima, Takako", "Watanabe, Hidehiro", "Inoue, Shigeru"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283285", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To clarify the implementation status of personal protective measures by ordinary citizens in Japan during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. This was a cross-sectional study based on internet-based survey. A total of 2400 people (50% male: 20-79 years) were selected between February 25 and 27, 2020, from registrants of an Internet research company, to complete a questionnaire. Participants were asked to indicate how often they implemented the following five personal protective measures recommended by the World Health Organization (hand hygiene, social distancing measures, avoiding touching the eyes, nose and mouth, respiratory etiquette, and self-isolation). In addition, the participants responded to questions regarding the daily frequency of hand hygiene events. The prevalence of the five personal protective measures ranged from 59.8% to 83.8%, with the lowest being avoiding touching the eyes, nose, and mouth. In total, 34.7% implemented all personal protective measures. The median daily hand hygiene events were 5 per day (25th percentile, 75th percentile: 3,8). The protective measures implemented by ordinary citizens are insufficient and further public awareness activities are required."}, {"pmid": 32355328, "pmcid": "PMC7192056", "title": "Impaired interferon signature in severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Gruber, Conor"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355328", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528664, "pmcid": "PMC7262570", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in India: epidemiological features and in silico analysis of the effect of interventions.", "journal": "F1000Res", "authors": ["Mazumder, Archisman", "Arora, Mehak", "Bharadiya, Vishwesh", "Berry, Parul", "Agarwal, Mudit", "Behera, Priyamadhaba", "Shewade, Hemant Deepak", "Lohiya, Ayush", "Gupta, Mohak", "Rao, Aditi", "Parameswaran, Giridara Gopal"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528664", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: After SARS-CoV-2 set foot in India, the Government took a number of steps to limit the spread of the virus in the country. This included restricted testing, isolation, contact tracing and quarantine, and enforcement of a nation-wide lockdown starting 25 March 2020. The objectives of this study were to i) describe the age,gender distribution and mortality among COVID-19 patients identified till 14 April 2020 and predict the range of contact rate; and ii) predict the number of active COVID-19 patients after 40 days of lockdown. Methods: We used a cross-sectional descriptive design for first objective and a susceptible-infected-removed model for in silico predictions. We collected data from government-controlled and crowdsourced websites. Results: Studying age and gender parameters of 1161 Indian COVID-19 patients, the median age was 38 years (IQR, 27-52) with 20-39 year-old males being the most affected group. The number of affected patients were 854 (73.6%) men and 307 (26.4%) women. If the current contact rate continues (0.25-27), India may have 110460 to 220575 infected persons at the end of 40 days lockdown. Conclusion: The disease is majorly affecting a younger age group in India. Interventions have been helpful in preventing the worst-case scenario in India, but will be unable to prevent the spike in number of cases."}, {"pmid": 32344032, "pmcid": "PMC7194688", "title": "Regarding \"Understanding the 'Scope' of the Problem: Why Laparoscopy Is Considered Safe during the COVID-19 Pandemic\".", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Aminnejad, Reza", "Salimi, Alireza", "Bastanhagh, Ehsan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344032", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497766, "pmcid": "PMC7263240", "title": "How can physicians advise faith communities during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Merry, Stephen P", "Havyer, Rachel D", "McCoy, Rozalina G", "Elrashidi, Muhamad Y", "Fischer, Philip R"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399375, "pmcid": "PMC7212709", "title": "Closing the Gap in Global Neurosurgical Education via Online Conference: A Pre-Covid Survey.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Downes, Simon R", "Lykina, Tatiana"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399375", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction A reliable network for peer review and feedback can lead to an increase in knowledge and improving patient care. As opportunities to participate in online continuing medical education (CME) increase, there is a reduction in the worldwide knowledge gap often due to a lack of resources to attend conferences and advanced training in person. Methods A total of 64 participants completed a 10-item anonymous online questionnaire to assess how their knowledge and applied practical skills improved by participating in online conferences, and whether this education modality adequately addresses challenges for countries with limited access to conferences or training. Results While an overall positive response toward this mode of neurosurgical education was expected, interesting insights were gained from the short-answer section, demonstrating a direct influence on clinical practice through online conference participation. Conclusion While limited in size, the study results support the expectation of a positive attitude toward neurosurgical e-learning, which translates directly to improving patient care and lessening the worldwide gap in neurosurgical education."}, {"pmid": 32351196, "title": "Initial experiences from patients with COVID-19 on ventilatory support in Denmark.", "journal": "Dan Med J", "authors": ["Pedersen, Henrik Planck", "Hildebrandt, Thomas", "Poulsen, Anne", "Uslu, Bulent", "Knudsen, Halfdan Holger", "Roed, Jakob", "Poulsen, Troels Dirch", "Nielsen, Henning Bay"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351196", "countries": ["Denmark"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)pandemic reached Denmark in early 2020. This paper presents initial intensive-care unit (ICU) experiences with COVID-19 patients at Roskilde Hospital, which was the primary recipient of COVID-19 patients in need of intensive care in the Zealand Region, Denmark. An evaluation was conducted of the COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU due to respiratory failure from 11 March 2020 to 01 April 2020. The number of ICU beds was increased from eight to 22 beds during this period. Sixteen patients (four women) were evaluated. The median age was 69.5 years (range: 56-84 years). All the patients were admitted to the ICU for hypoxemic respiratory failure and all needed mechanical ventilation by orotracheal intubation. By 16 April, six patients were still admitted to the ICU, four patients had been discharged from the ICU and seven had died. At present, the average length of ICU stay is 14 \u00b1 9 days (mean \u00b1 standard deviation). One patient has remained on ventilatory support for 31 days. The evaluation revealed four key themes. COVID-19 patients 1) had greatly increased C-reactive protein levels, 2) needed a significant inspiratory O2fraction, 3) were highly positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) dependent on ventilatory support and 4) suffered highly fluctuating respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support for a significantly longer period of time than non-COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients have characteristic reproducible laboratory findings and present a major challenge due to their illness severity and required treatment length. none. not relevant."}, {"pmid": 32327202, "pmcid": "PMC7194105", "title": "Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Su, Hua", "Yang, Ming", "Wan, Cheng", "Yi, Li-Xia", "Tang, Fang", "Zhu, Hong-Yan", "Yi, Fan", "Yang, Hai-Chun", "Fogo, Agnes B", "Nie, Xiu", "Zhang, Chun"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327202", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the respiratory and immune systems are the major targets of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), acute kidney injury and proteinuria have also been observed. Currently, detailed pathologic examination of kidney damage in critically ill patients with COVID-19 has been lacking. To help define this we analyzed kidney abnormalities in 26 autopsies of patients with COVID-19 by light microscopy, ultrastructural observation and immunostaining. Patients were on average 69 years (19 male and 7 female) with respiratory failure associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome as the cause of death. Nine of the 26 showed clinical signs of kidney injury that included increased serum creatinine and/or new-onset proteinuria. By light microscopy, diffuse proximal tubule injury with the loss of brush border, non-isometric vacuolar degeneration, and even frank necrosis was observed. Occasional hemosiderin granules and pigmented casts were identified. There were prominent erythrocyte aggregates obstructing the lumen of capillaries without platelet or fibrinoid material. Evidence of vasculitis, interstitial inflammation or hemorrhage was absent. Electron microscopic examination showed clusters of coronavirus-like particles with distinctive spikes in the tubular epithelium and podocytes. Furthermore, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 was found to be upregulated in patients with COVID-19, and immunostaining with SARS-CoV nucleoprotein antibody was positive in tubules. In addition to the direct virulence of SARS-CoV-2, factors contributing to acute kidney injury included systemic hypoxia, abnormal coagulation, and possible drug or hyperventilation-relevant rhabdomyolysis. Thus, our studies provide direct evidence of the invasion of SARSCoV-2 into kidney tissue. These findings will greatly add to the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32429722, "title": "Antenatal corticosteroids for pregnant women with COVID-19 infection and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes: a decision analysis.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Clarice G", "Packer, Claire H", "Hersh, Alyssa R", "Caughey, Aaron B"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429722", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: While antenatal corticosteroids are routinely used to decrease adverse neonatal outcomes following preterm delivery, corticosteroids are also associated with worse outcomes in patients with viral respiratory infections. Currently in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unclear whether antenatal corticosteroids for infant benefit outweigh the potential harm to a pregnant woman with a COVID-19 infection.Objective: To determine at which gestational ages administering antenatal corticosteroids is the optimal management strategy for hospitalized women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) who have a COVID-19 infection.Methods: We designed a decision-analytic model to assess the maternal and infant outcomes associated with antenatal corticosteroid administration for risk of preterm delivery following rupture of membranes in the setting of a COVID-19 infection. We used a theoretical cohort of 10,000 women at each gestational age between 24 and 32\u2009weeks who were hospitalized with PPROM and found to be COVID-19 positive. Maternal outcomes included intensive care unit admission and death related to COVID-19 infection. The infant outcomes of interest included respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, neurodevelopmental delay, and death, and were assessed along with maternal and infant quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate model assumptions.Results: In our theoretical cohort of 10,000 women with COVID-19 infection and preterm prelabor rupture of membrane between 24 and 32\u2009weeks, corticosteroid administration resulted in 2,200 women admitted to the ICU and 110 maternal deaths at each gestational age. No antenatal corticosteroid use resulted in 1,500 ICU admissions and 75 maternal deaths at each gestational age. Antenatal corticosteroid administration also resulted in fewer cases of respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and infant death. Overall, we found that between 24 and 30\u2009weeks of gestation, administering antenatal corticosteroids was the optimal management strategy as it resulted in higher combined QALYs than no corticosteroid use. For 31 and 32\u2009weeks of gestation, antenatal corticosteroid administration resulted in lower combined QALYs. On sensitivity analyses, we found that with increasing gestational age, the probability which antenatal corticosteroids was the optimal management strategy decreased.Conclusion: Administration of antenatal corticosteroids was an effective management strategy compared to no corticosteroid administration at gestational ages less than 31\u2009weeks. These results provide data for clinicians to utilize when counseling pregnant patients hospitalized with PPROM and have a COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32346099, "pmcid": "PMC7186533", "title": "High-dimensional immune profiling by mass cytometry revealed immunosuppression and dysfunction of immunity in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Wang, Wenjing", "Su, Bin", "Pang, Lijun", "Qiao, Luxin", "Feng, Yingmei", "Ouyang, Yabo", "Guo, Xianghua", "Shi, Hongbo", "Wei, Feili", "Su, Xiaogang", "Yin, Jiming", "Jin, Ronghua", "Chen, Dexi"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346099", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32164401, "title": "[COVID-19 pandemic: global epidemiological trends and China's subsequent preparedness and responses].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Guo, Y", "Huang, Y M", "Huang, J", "Jin, Y Z", "Jiang, W", "Liu, P L", "Liu, F J", "Ma, J X", "Ma, J Y", "Wang, Y", "Xie, Z", "Yin, H", "Zhao, C S", "Zhou, S D", "Zhang, J", "Zheng, Z J"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32164401", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has spread quickly across 114 countries/territories/areas in six continents worldwide and has been announced as a pandemic by WHO. This study analyzed global COVID-19 epidemiological trends, examined impact of the pandemic on global health security, diplomacy, and social environment in China, and provided short- and long-term strategic policy recommendations for China's subsequent preparedness and responses."}, {"pmid": 32473304, "pmcid": "PMC7255212", "title": "Abdominal Aortic Thrombosis Complicating COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Roncati, Luca", "Manenti, Antonio", "Manco, Gianrocco", "Farinetti, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473304", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323287, "title": "[Position Paper for the State of the Art Application of Respiratory Support in Patients with COVID-19 - German Respiratory Society].", "journal": "Pneumologie", "authors": ["Pfeifer, M", "Ewig, S", "Voshaar, T", "Randerath, W", "Bauer, T", "Geiseler, J", "Dellweg, D", "Westhoff, M", "Windisch, W", "Schonhofer, B", "Kluge, S", "Lepper, P M"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323287", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Against the background of the pandemic caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2, the German Society for Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine (DGP e.V.), in cooperation with other associations, has designated a team of experts in order to answer the currently pressing questions about therapy strategies in dealing with COVID-19 patients suffering from acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI).The position paper is based on the current knowledge that is evolving daily. Many of the published and cited studies require further review, also because many of them did not undergo standard review processes.Therefore, this position paper is also subject to a continuous review process and will be further developed in cooperation with the other professional societies.This position paper is structured into the following five topics:1. Pathophysiology of acute respiratory insufficiency in patients without immunity infected with SARS-CoV-22. Temporal course and prognosis of acute respiratory insufficiency during the course of the disease3. Oxygen insufflation, high-flow oxygen, non-invasive ventilation and invasive ventilation with special consideration of infectious aerosol formation4. Non-invasive ventilation in ARI5. Supply continuum for the treatment of ARIKey points have been highlighted as core statements and significant observations. Regarding the pathophysiological aspects of acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI), the pulmonary infection with SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 runs through three phases: early infection, pulmonary manifestation and severe hyperinflammatory phase.There are differences between advanced COVID-19-induced lung damage and those changes seen in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndromes (ARDS) as defined by the Berlin criteria. In a pathophysiologically plausible - but currently not yet histopathologically substantiated - model, two types (L-type and H-type) are distinguished, which correspond to an early and late phase. This distinction can be taken into consideration in the differential instrumentation in the therapy of ARI.The assessment of the extent of ARI should be carried out by an arterial or capillary blood gas analysis under room air conditions and must include the calculation of the oxygen supply (measured from the variables of oxygen saturation, the Hb value, the corrected values of the H\u00fcfner number and the cardiac output). In principle, aerosols can cause transmission of infectious viral particles. Open systems or leakage systems (so-called vented masks) can prevent the release of respirable particles. Procedures in which the invasive ventilation system must be opened, and endotracheal intubation must be carried out are associated with an increased risk of infection.The protection of personnel with personal protective equipment should have very high priority because fear of contagion must not be a primary reason for intubation. If the specifications for protective equipment (eye protection, FFP2 or FFP-3 mask, gown) are adhered to, inhalation therapy, nasal high-flow (NHF) therapy, CPAP therapy or NIV can be carried out according to the current state of knowledge without increased risk of infection to the staff. A significant proportion of patients with respiratory failure presents with relevant hypoxemia, often also caused by a high inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2) including NHF, and this hypoxemia cannot be not completely corrected. In this situation, CPAP/NIV therapy can be administered under use of a mouth and nose mask or a respiratory helmet as therapy escalation, as long as the criteria for endotracheal intubation are not fulfilled.In acute hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency, NIV should be performed in an intensive care unit or in a comparable unit by personnel with appropriate expertise. Under CPAP/NIV, a patient can deteriorate rapidly. For this reason, continuous monitoring with readiness to carry out intubation must be ensured at all times. If CPAP/NIV leads to further progression of ARI, intubation and subsequent invasive ventilation should be carried out without delay if no DNI order is in place.In the case of patients in whom invasive ventilation, after exhausting all guideline-based measures, is not sufficient, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation procedure (ECMO) should be considered to ensure sufficient oxygen supply and to remove CO2."}, {"pmid": 32489190, "title": "Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Riv Psichiatr", "authors": ["Talevi, Dalila", "Socci, Valentina", "Carai, Margherita", "Carnaghi, Giulia", "Faleri, Serena", "Trebbi, Edoardo", "di Bernardo, Arianna", "Capelli, Francesco", "Pacitti, Francesca"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489190", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (CoViD-19) caused by the novel Coronavirus strain SARS-CoV-2 is currently a pandemic. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared that the CoViD-19 outbreak is a public health emergency of international concern. The virus has already had a direct impact on the physical health of million people, and besides, it is supposed to pose a mental health threat of great magnitude globally. This review aims at synthesizing mounting evidence concerning the immediate psychological responses during the initial stage of the CoViD-19 pandemic among the general population, the health-care workers, and clinical populations. Experts point out the need to pay specific attention to other groups at risk of further distress that may need tailored interventions. Providing psychological first aid is an essential care component for populations that have been victims of emergencies and disasters, before, during and after the event. With the aim of dealing better with the urgent psychological problems of people involved in the CoViD-19 pandemic, a new psychological crisis intervention model is needed. Given the recommendation to minimize face-to-face interaction, online mental health services have been widely adopted in China and are urged in other countries."}, {"pmid": 32304800, "pmcid": "PMC7158769", "title": "Which intravascular access should we use in patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19?", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Smereka, Jacek", "Szarpak, Lukasz", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J", "Jaguszewski, Milosz", "Ladny, Jerzy R"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304800", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294270, "pmcid": "PMC7262066", "title": "Viral exanthem in COVID-19, a clinical enigma with biological significance.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Su, C-J", "Lee, C-H"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294270", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304798, "pmcid": "PMC7159852", "title": "Adapting the Educational Environment for Cardiovascular Fellows-in-Training During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["DeFilippis, Ersilia M", "Stefanescu Schmidt, Ada C", "Reza, Nosheen"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304798", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437877, "pmcid": "PMC7211757", "title": "Distinct phenotypes require distinct respiratory management strategies in severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Respir Physiol Neurobiol", "authors": ["Robba, Chiara", "Battaglini, Denise", "Ball, Lorenzo", "Patroniti, Nicolo'", "Loconte, Maurizio", "Brunetti, Iole", "Vena, Antonio", "Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto", "Bassetti, Matteo", "Rocco, Patricia Rieken Macedo", "Pelosi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437877", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause severe respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. The abnormalities observed on chest computed tomography (CT) and the clinical presentation of COVID-19 patients are not always like those of typical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and can change over time. This manuscript aimed to provide brief guidance for respiratory management of COVID-19 patients before, during, and after mechanical ventilation, based on the recent literature and on our direct experience with this population. We identify that chest CT patterns in COVID-19 may be divided into three main phenotypes: 1) multiple, focal, possibly overperfused ground-glass opacities; 2) inhomogeneously distributed atelectasis; and 3) a patchy, ARDS-like pattern. Each phenotype can benefit from different treatments and ventilator settings. Also, peripheral macro- and microemboli are common, and attention should be paid to the risk of pulmonary embolism. We suggest use of personalized mechanical ventilation strategies based on respiratory mechanics and chest CT patterns. Further research is warranted to confirm our hypothesis."}, {"pmid": 32484737, "title": "Private metropolitan telepsychiatry in Australia during Covid-19: current practice and future developments.", "journal": "Australas Psychiatry", "authors": ["Looi, Jeffrey Cl", "Pring, William"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484737", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper discusses issues arising from the rapid implementation of metropolitan telepsychiatry in private practice during the Covid-19 public health emergency. The relatively rapid uptake of private practice metropolitan telepsychiatry may further increase flexibility of the options for appointments through ongoing broad telepsychiatry access after the Covid-19 crisis. Telepsychiatry can be used to facilitate the temporary provision of psychiatric care, and has benefits and risks, but is not a longer-term replacement for the interpersonal richness of face-to-face consultations."}, {"pmid": 32420920, "title": "The spread of COVID-19 in six western metropolitan regions: a false myth on the excess of mortality in Lombardy and the defense of the city of Milan.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Signorelli, Carlo", "Odone, Anna", "Gianfredi, Vincenza", "Bossi, Eleonora", "Bucci, Daria", "Oradini-Alacreu, Aurea", "Frascella, Beatrice", "Capraro, Michele", "Chiappa, Federica", "Blandi, Lorenzo", "Ciceri, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420920", "countries": ["United States", "Italy", "France", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analyzed the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic in 6 metropolitan regions with similar demographic characteristics, daytime commuting population and business activities: the New York metropolitan area, the \u00cele-de-France region, the Greater London county, Bruxelles-Capital, the Community of Madrid and the Lombardy region. The highest mortality rates 30-days after the onset of the epidemic were recorded in New York (81.2 x 100,000) and Madrid (77.1 x 100,000). Lombardy mortality rate is below average (41.4 per 100,000), and it is the only situation in which the capital of the region (Milan) has not been heavily impacted by the epidemic wave. Our study analyzed the role played by containment measures and the positive contribution offered by the hospital care system. (www.actabiomedica.it)."}, {"pmid": 32379921, "pmcid": "PMC7267398", "title": "Survival study of hospitalised patients with concurrent COVID-19 and haematological malignancies.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Martin-Moro, Fernando", "Marquet, Juan", "Piris, Miguel", "Michael, Berta M", "Saez, Adolfo J", "Corona, Magdalena", "Jimenez, Carlos", "Astibia, Beatriz", "Garcia, Irene", "Rodriguez, Eulalia", "Garcia-Hoz, Carlota", "Fortun-Abete, Jesus", "Herrera, Pilar", "Lopez-Jimenez, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379921", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423515, "title": "Strategies for Optimizing the Supply of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)Pandemic.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["de Perio, Marie A", "Dowell, Chad H", "Delaney, Lisa J", "Radonovich, Lewis J", "Kuhar, David", "Gupta, Neil", "Patel, Anita", "Pillai, Satish K", "D'Alessandro, Maryann"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423515", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "N95 respirators are the personal protective equipment most often used to control exposures to infections transmitted via the airborne route. Supplies of N95 respirators can become depleted during pandemics or when otherwise in high demand. In this paper, we offer strategies for optimizing supplies of N95 respirators in healthcare settings while maximizing the level of protection offered to healthcare personnel when there is limited supply in the United States during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The strategies are intended for use by professionals who manage respiratory protection programs, occupational health services, and infection prevention programs in healthcare facilities to protect healthcare personnel from job-related risks of exposure to infectious respiratory illnesses. Consultation with federal, state, and local public health officials is also important. We use the framework of surge capacity and the occupational health and safety hierarchy of controls approach to discuss specific engineering control, administrative control, and personal protective equipment measures that may help in optimizing N95 respirator supplies."}, {"pmid": 32503352, "title": "Genomic Sequencing and Analysis of Eight Camel-Derived Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Isolates in Saudi Arabia.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Al-Shomrani, Badr M", "Manee, Manee M", "Alharbi, Sultan N", "Altammami, Mussad A", "Alshehri, Manal A", "Nassar, Majed S", "Bakhrebah, Muhammed A", "Al-Fageeh, Mohamed B"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503352", "countries": ["Qatar", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe respiratory illness in humans; the second-largest and most deadly outbreak to date occurred in Saudi Arabia. The dromedary camel is considered a possible host of the virus and also to act as a reservoir, transmitting the virus to humans. Here, we studied evolutionary relationships for 31 complete genomes of betacoronaviruses, including eight newly sequenced MERS-CoV genomes isolated from dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia. Through bioinformatics tools, we also used available sequences and 3D structure of MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein to predict MERS-CoV epitopes and assess antibody binding affinity. Phylogenetic analysis showed the eight new sequences have close relationships with existing strains detected in camels and humans in Arabian Gulf countries. The 2019-nCov strain appears to have higher homology to both bat coronavirus and SARS-CoV than to MERS-CoV strains. The spike protein tree exhibited clustering of MERS-CoV sequences similar to the complete genome tree, except for one sequence from Qatar (KF961222). B cell epitope analysis determined that the MERS-CoV spike protein has 24 total discontinuous regions from which just six epitopes were selected with score values of >80%. Our results suggest that the virus circulates by way of camels crossing the borders of Arabian Gulf countries. This study contributes to finding more effective vaccines in order to provide long-term protection against MERS-CoV and identifying neutralizing antibodies."}, {"pmid": 32143502, "pmcid": "PMC7157630", "title": "Insights into the Recent 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Light of Past Human Coronavirus Outbreaks.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Ashour, Hossam M", "Elkhatib, Walid F", "Rahman, Md Masudur", "Elshabrawy, Hatem A"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32143502", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are RNA viruses that have become a major public health concern since the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (SARS-CoV) outbreak in 2002. The continuous evolution of coronaviruses was further highlighted with the emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV) outbreak in 2012. Currently, the world is concerned about the 2019 novel CoV (SARS-CoV-2) that was initially identified in the city of Wuhan, China in December 2019. Patients presented with severe viral pneumonia and respiratory illness. The number of cases has been mounting since then. As of late February 2020, tens of thousands of cases and several thousand deaths have been reported in China alone, in addition to thousands of cases in other countries. Although the fatality rate of SARS-CoV-2 is currently lower than SARS-CoV, the virus seems to be highly contagious based on the number of infected cases to date. In this review, we discuss structure, genome organization, entry of CoVs into target cells, and provide insights into past and present outbreaks. The future of human CoV outbreaks will not only depend on how the viruses will evolve, but will also depend on how we develop efficient prevention and treatment strategies to deal with this continuous threat."}, {"pmid": 32458149, "pmcid": "PMC7250542", "title": "Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment?", "journal": "Biol Trace Elem Res", "authors": ["Rahman, Mohammad Tariqur", "Idid, Syed Zahir"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458149", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has prompted investigators worldwide to search for an effective anti-viral treatment. A number of anti-viral drugs such as ribavirin, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, antibiotics such as azithromycin and doxycycline, and anti-parasite such as ivermectin have been recommended for COVID-19 treatment. In addition, sufficient pre-clinical rationale and evidence have been presented to use chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. Furthermore, Zn has the ability to enhance innate and adaptive immunity in the course of a viral infection. Besides, Zn supplement can favour COVID-19 treatment using those suggested and/or recommended drugs. Again, the effectiveness of Zn can be enhanced by using chloroquine as an ionophore while Zn inside the infected cell can stop SARS-CoV-2 replication. Given those benefits, this perspective paper describes how and why Zn could be given due consideration as a complement to the prescribed treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32372149, "pmcid": "PMC7200049", "title": "SARS-CoV-2-mediated inflammatory response in lungs: should we look at RAGE?", "journal": "Inflamm Res", "authors": ["Rojas, Armando", "Gonzalez, Ileana", "Morales, Miguel A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372149", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319880, "pmcid": "PMC7191256", "title": "Transparency and information sharing could help abate the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Rahimi, Farid", "Talebi Bezmin Abadi, Amin"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319880", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192627, "pmcid": "PMC7104244", "title": "Screening of faecal microbiota transplant donors during the COVID-19 outbreak: suggestions for urgent updates from an international expert panel.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Ianiro, Gianluca", "Mullish, Benjamin H", "Kelly, Colleen R", "Sokol, Harry", "Kassam, Zain", "Ng, Siew C", "Fischer, Monika", "Allegretti, Jessica R", "Masucci, Luca", "Zhang, Faming", "Keller, Josbert", "Sanguinetti, Maurizio", "Costello, Samuel P", "Tilg, Herbert", "Gasbarrini, Antonio", "Cammarota, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192627", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287040, "pmcid": "PMC7179239", "title": "Cloud-Based System for Effective Surveillance and Control of COVID-19: Useful Experiences From Hubei, China.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Gong, Mengchun", "Liu, Li", "Sun, Xin", "Yang, Yue", "Wang, Shuang", "Zhu, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287040", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been an unprecedented challenge to the global health care system. Tools that can improve the focus of surveillance efforts and clinical decision support are of paramount importance. The aim of this study was to illustrate how new medical informatics technologies may enable effective control of the pandemic through the development and successful 72-hour deployment of the Honghu Hybrid System (HHS) for COVID-19 in the city of Honghu in Hubei, China. The HHS was designed for the collection, integration, standardization, and analysis of COVID-19-related data from multiple sources, which includes a case reporting system, diagnostic labs, electronic medical records, and social media on mobile devices. HHS supports four main features: syndromic surveillance on mobile devices, policy-making decision support, clinical decision support and prioritization of resources, and follow-up of discharged patients. The syndromic surveillance component in HHS covered over 95% of the population of over 900,000 people and provided near real time evidence for the control of epidemic emergencies. The clinical decision support component in HHS was also provided to improve patient care and prioritize the limited medical resources. However, the statistical methods still require further evaluations to confirm clinical effectiveness and appropriateness of disposition assigned in this study, which warrants further investigation. The facilitating factors and challenges are discussed to provide useful insights to other cities to build suitable solutions based on cloud technologies. The HHS for COVID-19 was shown to be feasible and effective in this real-world field study, and has the potential to be migrated."}, {"pmid": 32312873, "title": "Neurological manifestations of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic 2019-2020.", "journal": "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry", "authors": ["Liu, Kaiming", "Pan, Mengxiong", "Xiao, Zheman", "Xu, Xiaopei"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312873", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304371, "title": "[Public health literacy in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic emergency].", "journal": "Salud Publica Mex", "authors": ["Lazcano-Ponce, Eduardo", "Alpuche-Aranda, Celia"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304371", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health literacy is the process of obtaining knowledge, motivation and individual competencies to understand and access information, express opinions and make decisions with respect to health promotion and maintenance. This applies in different contexts, environments, and throughout life. This conceptual perspective is very necessary in the face of the SARS-CoV-2 virus emergency. This virus produces the Covid-19 disease, which has become a pandemic of devastating effects not only healthwise, but also, importantly, from an economic, political and social point of view. This essay seeks to establish the scientific evidence-based elements that guide public policies for prevention and control. Some of these elements are: a) epidemiologic intelligence. This includes not only the strategy of public surveillance, but also sentinel and event-based surveillance, as it is impossible to actually identify all positive cases; b) Mitigating measures against the spread of the epidemic, such as social distancing and hygiene, washing hands, quarantine, restricting movement and using masks, among others; c) Measures to suppress transmission when the number of cases is very high, such as strict measures to stay at home; d) strengthening health services 'capacity for medical attention and improving health services' ability to prevent transmission, including the use of diagnostic tests; e) the development of prophylactic vaccines against Covid-19, as well as the development of therapeutic agents. All of these actions must be rapidly implemented, from a multidisciplinary and multisectorial public health perspective, and they absolutely must also be taken with the community's participation as shared responsibility. Therefore, public health literacy is needed."}, {"pmid": 32341103, "pmcid": "PMC7236830", "title": "Understanding the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-SARS-CoV-Axis: A Comprehensive Review.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Ingraham, Nicholas E", "Barakat, Abdo G", "Reilkoff, Ronald", "Bezdicek, Tamara", "Schacker, Timothy", "Chipman, Jeffrey G", "Tignanelli, Christopher J", "Puskarich, Michael A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341103", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been declared a global pandemic with significant morbidity and mortality since first appearing in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. As many countries are grappling with the onset of their epidemics, pharmacotherapeutics remain lacking. The window of opportunity to mitigate downstream morbidity and mortality is narrow but remains open. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is crucial to the homeostasis of both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 utilises and interrupts this pathway directly, which could be described as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-SARS-CoV-2-axis (RAAS-SCoV-axis). There exists significant controversy and confusion surrounding how anti-hypertensive agents might function along this pathway. This review explores the current state of knowledge regarding the RAAS-SCoV-axis, informed by prior studies of SARS-CoV, how this relates to our currently evolving pandemic, and how these insights might guide our next steps in an evidence-based manner. This review discusses the role of the RAAS-SCoV-axis in acute lung injury and the effects, risks, and benefits of pharmacologic modification of this axis. There may be an opportunity to leverage the different aspects of RAAS inhibitors to mitigate indirect viral-induced lung injury. Concerns have been raised that such modulation might exacerbate the disease. While relevant preclinical, experimental models to date favor a protective effect of RAAS-SCoV-axis inhibition on both lung injury and survival, clinical data related to the role of RAAS modulation in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 remains limited. Proposed interventions for SARS-CoV-2 predominantly focus on viral microbiology and aim to inhibit viral cellular injury. While these therapies are promising, immediate use may not be feasible, and the time window of their efficacy remains a major unanswered question. An alternative approach is the modulation of the specific downstream pathophysiologic effects caused by virus that lead to morbidity and mortality. We propose a preponderance of evidence that supports clinical equipoise regarding the efficacy of RAAS-based interventions, and the imminent need for a multisite randomised controlled clinical trial to evaluate the inhibition of the RAAS-SCoV-axis on acute lung injury in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32197339, "pmcid": "PMC7151043", "title": "Point-of-Care RNA-Based Diagnostic Device for COVID-19.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Yang, Ting", "Wang, Yung-Chih", "Shen, Ching-Fen", "Cheng, Chao-Min"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197339", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a fast-spreading respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported in Wuhan, China and has now affected over 123 countries globally [...]."}, {"pmid": 32464519, "pmcid": "PMC7236698", "title": "Can you draw the picture of happiness- Treatment of a young woman with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Cetin, Bulent", "Rakici, Sema", "Gumusay, Ozge"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464519", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317510, "title": "Why is SARS-CoV-2 testing not possible in every medical laboratory?", "journal": "Indian J Pathol Microbiol", "authors": ["Gupta, Prashant"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317510", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405834, "pmcid": "PMC7220628", "title": "[COVID-19 cluster study at a teaching hospital].", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["von Freyburg, Alexander", "Hagedorn, Hjalmar", "Brucher, Bjorn", "Schmidt, Annette", "Scherer, Michael A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405834", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On Mar 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated in its Situation Report - 51 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. In early April 2020, a teaching hospital underwent shutdown and quarantine due to an outbreak of infection in accordance with Section 6 of the Infection Protection Act (index patient and 5 infected nursing staff). The complete staff (physicians, nurses and nonmedical personnel [NMP]) underwent COVID-19 testing within two phases: (1) between Apr 3rd and 5th, 2020 [n=1170], followed by (2) between Apr 8th and 9th, 2020 [n=953] with COVID-19 silent carrier positivity rates in accordance to testing phases of (1) n=19 (1.6%) and (2) n=25 (2.6%). The cumulative infection rate for NMP (1.6%), doctors (3.8%) and nurses (9.7%) was connected to type and extent of COVID-19 patient contact. Despite COVID-19 positivity of 34.8% (46 of 132 beds), a risk-free management of hospital operation is possible to a certain extent if hygiene regulations and strict patient selection are followed. However, a COVID-19-free clinic cannot be expected due to silent carriers."}, {"pmid": 32428286, "title": "Novel dedicated plastic cube for infection prevention during GI endoscopy and ERCP.", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Kagawa, Yasuyuki", "Fukuzawa, Masakatsu", "Itoi, Takao"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428286", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Controlling infections during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (GI endoscopy) and ERCP is important to prevent the transmission of infection among and through medical staff. The infection, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is transmitted by inhalation, contact with infected droplets, or possibly infectious aerosol."}, {"pmid": 32275740, "pmcid": "PMC7243146", "title": "ILROG emergency guidelines for radiation therapy of hematological malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Blood", "authors": ["Yahalom, Joachim", "Dabaja, Bouthaina Shbib", "Ricardi, Umberto", "Ng, Andrea", "Mikhaeel, N George", "Vogelius, Ivan R", "Illidge, Tim", "Qi, Shunan", "Wirth, Andrew", "Specht, Lena"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275740", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group (ILROG) guidelines for using radiation therapy (RT) in hematological malignancies are widely used in many countries. The emergency situation created by the COVID-19 pandemic may result in limitations of treatment resources. Furthermore, in recognition of the need to also reduce the exposure of patients and staff to potential infection with COVID-19, the ILROG task force has made recommendations for alternative radiation treatment schemes. The emphasis is on maintaining clinical efficacy and safety by increasing the dose per fraction while reducing the number of daily treatments. The guidance is informed by adhering to acceptable radiobiological parameters and clinical tolerability. The options for delaying or omitting RT in some hematological categories are also discussed."}, {"pmid": 32378854, "title": "Loss of smell or taste as the only symptom of COVID-19.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Hjelmesaeth, Joran", "Skaare, Dagfinn"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378854", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Olfactory and taste disorders (OTDs) have recently been reported among patients with COVID-19, and it has been hypothesised that oral and nasal tissues may contain host cells of SARS-CoV-2. We report on two cases (spouses) with SARS-CoV-2 infection with self-reported OTDs, but otherwise no typical respiratory symptoms of COVID-19. A man in his nineties (index patient) had respiratory symptoms and dysgeusia, and was diagnosed with COVID-19. His daughter-in-law and son had no respiratory COVID-19 symptoms. However, they experienced complete loss of smell and taste, respectively, 7 and 10 days after their first close contact with the index patient. Both tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Our case histories support recent reports hypothesising that anosmia and ageusia may be the only symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and that SARS-CoV-2\u00a0may infect oral and nasal tissues. Together, these findings may inform future research, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32297062, "pmcid": "PMC7158755", "title": "Comment on \"COVID-19 infection control protocol inside computed tomography suites\".", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Orsi, Marcello Alessandro", "Oliva, Giancarlo", "Toluian, Tahereh", "Valenti Pittino, Carlo", "Gibelli, Daniele", "Cellina, Michaela"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297062", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359766, "title": "[COVID 19 and cancer: What are the consequences of the cancer care reorganization?]", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["El Amrani, Mehdi", "Truant, Stephanie", "Turpin, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482306, "pmcid": "PMC7174175", "title": "Emergency mental health legislation in response to the Covid-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic in Ireland: Urgency, necessity and proportionality.", "journal": "Int J Law Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kelly, Brendan D"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482306", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many countries have enacted, or are in the process of enacting, emergency mental health legislation in response to the global pandemic of Covid-19 (coronavirus). In Ireland, the Emergency Measures in the Public Interest (Covid-19) Act, 2020 amends the Mental Health Act 2001 to permit the Mental Health Commission to request an independent psychiatric report about an involuntary patient from any consultant psychiatrist who is not treating the patient (and not just those on its designated panel). This independent examination may occur 'in person', 'by other appropriate means', or even, 'due to the exigencies of the public health emergency', not occur at all, once this is explained in the resultant report. The 2020 Act acknowledges that 'the exigencies of the public health emergency' might hamper the independent psychiatrist's work and requires a written report from the patient's treating psychiatrist 'no earlier than the day before' the tribunal, in lieu of the psychiatrist physically attending a tribunal hearing, although, if possible, they will attend (i.e. phone in to) a tribunal held by conference call. The 2020 Act permits the Mental Health Commission to, if necessary, appoint tribunals 'consisting of one member who shall be a practising barrister or solicitor'. Such a tribunal shall, if possible, consult with a consultant psychiatrist if the reports from the independent psychiatrist and treating psychiatrist conflict or if it is otherwise 'necessary in the interest of the patient'. A tribunal can extend an involuntary order by a second period of 14\u00a0days 'of its own motion if the tribunal, having due regard to the interest of the patient, is satisfied that it is necessary'. Tribunals for current involuntary patients will be prioritised over retrospective tribunals for discharged patients; a tribunal can direct a witness to provide 'a written statement' rather than attending; and the patient can make written representation to the tribunal instead of physically attending a tribunal hearing, although they may attend (i.e. phone in to) a tribunal held by conference call. Psycho-surgery for involuntary patients is banned. While it is clear that revisions are urgent and necessary in light of Covid-19, the proportionality of these changes will depend on how, and the extent to which, they are used in practice. With good communication, efficient team-working and close adherence to professional codes of practice and ethics, it is hoped that these amendments will result in a review system that is as reasonable, robust and reassuring as the current, highly unusual circumstances permit."}, {"pmid": 32507530, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-Related Deaths in French Long-Term Care Facilities: The \"Confinement Disease\" Is Probably More Deleterious Than the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Itself.", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Diamantis, Sylvain", "Noel, Coralie", "Tarteret, Paul", "Vignier, Nicolas", "Gallien, Sebastien"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507530", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427134, "pmcid": "PMC7227537", "title": "HOW TO DETECT AND TRACK CHRONIC NEUROLOGIC SEQUELAE OF COVID-19? USE OF AUDITORY BRAINSTEM RESPONSES AND NEUROIMAGING FOR LONG-TERM PATIENT FOLLOW-UP.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun Health", "authors": ["Ogier, Michael", "Andeol, Guillaume", "Sagui, Emmanuel", "Bo, Gregory Dal"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427134", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review intends to provide an overview of the current knowledge on neurologic sequelae of COVID-19 and their possible etiology, and, based on available data, proposes possible improvements in current medical care procedures. We conducted a thorough review of the scientific literature on neurologic manifestations of COVID-19, the neuroinvasive propensity of known coronaviruses (CoV) and their possible effects on brain structural and functional integrity. It appears that around one third of COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) for respiratory difficulties exhibit neurologic symptoms. This may be due to progressive brain damage and dysfunction triggered by severe hypoxia and hypoxemia, heightened inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 dissemination into brain parenchyma, as suggested by current reports and analyses of previous CoV outbreaks. Viral invasion of the brain may particularly target and alter brainstem and thalamic functions and, consequently, result in sensorimotor dysfunctions and psychiatric disorders. Moreover, data collected from other structurally homologous CoV suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to brain cell degeneration and demyelination similar to multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, current evidence warrants further evaluation and long-term follow-up of possible neurologic sequelae in COVID-19 patients. It may be particularly relevant to evaluate brainstem integrity in recovered patients, as it is suspected that this cerebral area may particularly be dysfunctional following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Because CoV infection can potentially lead to chronic neuroinflammation and progressive demyelination, neuroimaging features and signs of MS may also be evaluated in the long term in recovered COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32503874, "title": "Efficacy of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.", "journal": "BMJ Open", "authors": ["Gebrie, Desye", "Getnet, Desalegn", "Manyazewal, Tsegahun"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503874", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite global containment measures to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic continued to rise, rapidly spread across the world, and resulting in 2.6\u2009million confirmed cases and 185 061 deaths worldwide as of 23 April 2020. Yet, there are no approved vaccines or drugs to make the disease less deadly, while efforts are underway. Remdesivir, a nucleotide-analogue antiviral drug developed for Ebola, is determined to prevent and stop infections with COVID-19, while results are yet controversial. Here, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. We will search MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and Google scholar databases for articles published as of 30 June 2020 and we will complete the study on 30 August 2020. We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines for the design and reporting of the results. We will include RCTs that assessed the efficacy of remdesivir versus placebo or standard of care. The primary endpoint will be time to clinical recovery. The secondary endpoints will be proportion of participants relieved from clinical symptoms defined at the time (in hours) from initiation of the study treatment, all-cause mortality, discharged date, frequency of respiratory progression and treatment-emergent adverse events. RevMan V.5.3 software will be used for statistical analysis. Random effects model will be carried out to calculate mean differences for continuous outcome data and risk ratio for dichotomous outcome data between remdesivir and placebo or standard of care. There are no ethical considerations associated with this study as we will use publicly available data from previously published studies. We plan to publish results in open-access peer-reviewed journals and present at international and national conferences. CRD42020177953."}, {"pmid": 32358098, "title": "People are to blame for Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Waters, Adele"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358098", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484584, "title": "COVID-19 in Parkinson's Disease Patients Living in Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Fasano, Alfonso", "Cereda, Emanuele", "Barichella, Michela", "Cassani, Erica", "Ferri, Valentina", "Zecchinelli, Anna Lena", "Pezzoli, Gianni"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484584", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is unknown whether patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are at greater risk of COVID-19, what their risk factors are and whether their clinical manifestations differ from the general population. In a case-controlled survey, we interviewed 1486 PD patients attending a single tertiary centre in Lombardy, Italy and 1207 family members (controls). 105 (7.1%) and 92 controls (7.6%) were identified as COVID-19 cases. COVID-19 patients were younger, more likely to suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to be obese and vitamin D non-supplemented than unaffected patients. Six patients (5.7%) and seven family members (7.6%) died from COVID-19. Patients were less likely to report shortness of breath and require hospitalization. In an unselected large cohort of non-advanced PD patients, COVID-19 risk and mortality did not differ from the general population but symptoms appeared to be milder. The possible protective role of vitamin D supplementation warrants future studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32420884, "title": "COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases: viewpoint for older patients.", "journal": "Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil", "authors": ["Boureau, Anne-Sophie", "de Decker, Laure", "Berrut, Gilles", "Hanon, Olivier"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420884", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The link between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 appears to be twofold. First, some reports of data indicate that certain groups of patients are more at risk of COVID-19. This includes patients with cardiovascular risk factors or pre-existing cardiovascular conditions and older patients. In addition, these patients incur disproportionately worse outcome. Second, SARS-CoV2 infection can be complicated by life-threatening cardiovascular acute diseases. Despite the rapid evolution of data on this pandemic, this review aims to highlight the cardiovascular considerations related to COVID-19 whether as comorbidities including concerns and uncertainty regarding the effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on angiotensin conversion enzyme 2 or related to acute cardiovascular complications."}, {"pmid": 32405118, "pmcid": "PMC7219387", "title": "COVID-19: The Italian Viral \"Gerocide\" of the 21 st Century.", "journal": "Arch Gerontol Geriatr", "authors": ["Servello, Adriana", "Ettorre, Evaristo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405118", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393915, "title": "Biggest COVID-19 trial tests repurposed drugs first.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393915", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384377, "title": "Demonstration and mitigation of aerosol and particle dispersion during mastoidectomy relevant to the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Otol Neurotol", "authors": ["Chen, Jenny X", "Workman, Alan D", "Chari, Divya A", "Jung, David H", "Kozin, Elliott", "Lee, Daniel J", "Welling, D Bradley", "Bleier, Benjamin S", "Quesnel, Alicia M"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384377", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become a global pandemic with a dramatic impact on healthcare systems. Concern for viral transmission necessitates the investigation of otologic procedures that use high-speed drilling instruments, including mastoidectomy, which we hypothesized to be an aerosol generating procedure. Mastoidectomy with a high-speed drill was simulated using fresh-frozen cadaveric heads with fluorescein solution injected into the mastoid air cells. Specimens were drilled for one-minute durations in test conditions with and without a microscope. A barrier drape was fashioned from a commercially available drape (the OtoTent). Dispersed particulate matter was quantified in segments of an octagonal test grid measuring 60\u200acm in radius. Drilling without a microscope dispersed fluorescent particles 360 degrees, with the areas of highest density in quadrants near the surgeon and close to the surgical site. Using a microscope or varying irrigation rates did not significantly reduce particle density or percent surface area with particulate. Using the OtoTent significantly reduced particle density and percent surface area with particulate across the segments of the test grid beyond 30\u200acm (which marked the boundary of the OtoTent) compared with the microscope only and no microscope test conditions (Kruskall-Wallis test, p\u200a=\u200a0.0066). Mastoidectomy with a high-speed drill is an aerosol generating procedure, a designation that connotes the potential high risk of viral transmission and need for higher levels of personal protective equipment. A simple barrier drape significantly reduced particulate dispersion in this study and could be an effective mitigation strategy in addition to appropriate personal protective equipment."}, {"pmid": 32399995, "pmcid": "PMC7273043", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on acute stroke pathways - insights from the Alsace region in France.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Pop, R", "Quenardelle, V", "Hasiu, A", "Mihoc, D", "Sellal, F", "Dugay, M H", "Lebedinsky, P A", "Schluck, E", "LA Porta, A", "Courtois, S", "Gheoca, R", "Wolff, V", "Beaujeux, R"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399995", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, no study has attempted to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the incidence and treatment of acute stroke. This was a retrospective review of acute stroke pathway parameters in all three stroke units in the Alsace region during the first month of the outbreak (1-31 March 2020), using the similar period from 2019 as a comparator. A secondary detailed analysis of all stroke alerts and stroke unit admissions was performed in the centre with the largest case volume. Compared to the same period in 2019, in March 2020 there were 39.6% fewer stroke alerts and 33.3% fewer acute revascularization treatments [40.9% less intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and 27.6% less mechanical thrombectomy (MT)]. No marked variation was observed in the number of stroke unit admissions (-0.6%). The proportion of patients with acute revascularization treatments (IVT or MT) out of the total number of stroke unit admissions was significantly lower in March 2020 (21.3%) compared to 2019 (31.8%), P\u00a0=\u00a00.034. There were no significant differences in time delays or severity of clinical symptoms for patients treated by IVT or MT, nor in the distribution of final diagnosis amongst stroke alerts and stroke unit admissions. These results suggest that the overall incidence of stroke remained the same, but fewer patients presented within the therapeutic time window. Increased public awareness and corrective measures are needed to mitigate the deleterious effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on acute stroke care."}, {"pmid": 32373791, "pmcid": "PMC7198137", "title": "Sex Differences in Mortality from COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Men Vulnerable and Women Protected?", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Sharma, Garima", "Volgman, Annabelle Santos", "Michos, Erin D"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373791", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sex disaggregated data is an important for reducing health inequities in medicine. Global data suggests that is a sex difference in mortality from COVID-19. In this report, we explore plausible reasons for this sex difference including the contribution of underlying cardiovascular risk factors, high risk behaviors, immune response and biological differences between men and women."}, {"pmid": 32492170, "title": "Medical education: COVID-19 and surgery.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Khan, S", "Mian, A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492170", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507105, "title": "The origin and underlying driving forces of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "J Biomed Sci", "authors": ["Chaw, Shu-Miaw", "Tai, Jui-Hung", "Chen, Shi-Lun", "Hsieh, Chia-Hung", "Chang, Sui-Yuan", "Yeh, Shiou-Hwei", "Yang, Wei-Shiung", "Chen, Pei-Jer", "Wang, Hurng-Yi"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507105", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 began spreading in December 2019 and has since become a pandemic that has impacted many aspects of human society. Several issues concerning the origin, time of introduction to humans, evolutionary patterns, and underlying force driving the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak remain unclear. Genetic variation in 137 SARS-CoV-2 genomes and related coronaviruses as of 2/23/2020 was analyzed. After correcting for mutational bias, the excess of low frequency mutations on both synonymous and nonsynonymous sites was revealed which is consistent with the recent outbreak of the virus. In contrast to adaptive evolution previously reported for SARS-CoV during its brief epidemic in 2003, our analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes shows signs of relaxation. The sequence similarity in the spike receptor binding domain between SARS-CoV-2 and a sequence from pangolin is probably due to an ancient intergenomic introgression that occurred approximately 40\u2009years ago. The current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 was estimated to have originated on 12/11/2019 (95% HPD 11/13/2019-12/23/2019). The effective population size of the virus showed an approximately 20-fold increase from the onset of the outbreak to the lockdown of Wuhan (1/23/2020) and ceased to increase afterwards, demonstrating the effectiveness of social distancing in preventing its spread. Two mutations, 84S in orf8 protein and 251\u2009V in orf3 protein, occurred coincidentally with human intervention. The former first appeared on 1/5/2020 and plateaued around 1/23/2020. The latter rapidly increased in frequency after 1/23/2020. Thus, the roles of these mutations on infectivity need to be elucidated. Genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 collected from China is two times higher than those derived from the rest of the world. A network analysis found that haplotypes collected from Wuhan were interior and had more mutational connections, both of which are consistent with the observation that the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak originated in China. SARS-CoV-2 might have cryptically circulated within humans for years before being discovered. Data from the early outbreak and hospital archives are needed to trace its evolutionary path and determine the critical steps required for effective spreading."}, {"pmid": 32409500, "title": "Remote Glucose Monitoring of Hospitalized, Quarantined Patients With Diabetes and COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Shehav-Zaltzman, Gilat", "Segal, Gad", "Konvalina, Noa", "Tirosh, Amir"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409500", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408914, "pmcid": "PMC7253761", "title": "The value of hospital personnel serological screening in an integrated COVID-19 infection prevention and control strategy.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Quattrone, Filippo", "Vabanesi, Marco", "Borghini, Alice", "De Vito, Giuseppe", "Emdin, Michele", "Passino, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408914", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306288, "pmcid": "PMC7165255", "title": "Chloroquine for SARS-CoV-2: Implications of Its Unique Pharmacokinetic and Safety Properties.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacokinet", "authors": ["Smit, Cornelis", "Peeters, Mariska Y M", "van den Anker, John N", "Knibbe, Catherijne A J"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306288", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since in vitro studies and a preliminary clinical report suggested the efficacy of chloroquine for COVID-19-associated pneumonia, there is increasing interest in this old antimalarial drug. In this article, we discuss the pharmacokinetics and safety of chloroquine that should be considered in light of use in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Chloroquine is well absorbed and distributes extensively resulting in a large volume of distribution with an apparent and terminal half-life of 1.6\u00a0days and 2\u00a0weeks, respectively. Chloroquine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 and renal clearance is responsible for one third of total clearance. The lack of reliable information on target concentrations or doses for COVID-19 implies that for both adults and children, doses that proved effective and safe in malaria should be considered, such as 'loading doses' in adults (30\u00a0mg/kg over 48\u00a0h) and children (70\u00a0mg/kg over 5\u00a0days), which reported good tolerability. Here, plasma concentrations were\u2009<\u20092.5\u00a0\u03bcmol/L, which is associated with (minor) toxicity. While the influence of renal dysfunction, critical illness, or obesity seems small, in critically ill patients, reduced absorption may be anticipated. Clinical experience has shown that chloroquine has a narrow safety margin, as three times the adult therapeutic dosage for malaria can be lethal when given as a single dose. Although infrequent, poisoning in children is extremely dangerous where one to two tablets can potentially be fatal. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetic and safety properties of chloroquine suggest that chloroquine can be used safely for an acute virus infection, under corrected QT monitoring, but also that the safety margin is small, particularly in children."}, {"pmid": 32275079, "pmcid": "PMC7262022", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 may be related to conjunctivitis but not necessarily spread through the conjunctiva SARS-CoV-2 and conjunctiva.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Guo, Dongyu", "Xia, Jianhua", "Shen, Ye", "Tong, Jianping"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275079", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We appreciate the comments of Liu et al.1 and Peng et al.2 in relation to our previous study. Currently, the controversy on the relationship among SARS-CoV-2 infection, the ocular surface and conjunctivitis are reflected in two aspects as follows: (i) can SARS-CoV-2 infection cause conjunctivitis? (ii) can SARS-CoV-2 be transmitted through the ocular surface? This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32284614, "pmcid": "PMC7095036", "title": "Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Thevarajan, Irani", "Nguyen, Thi H O", "Koutsakos, Marios", "Druce, Julian", "Caly, Leon", "van de Sandt, Carolien E", "Jia, Xiaoxiao", "Nicholson, Suellen", "Catton, Mike", "Cowie, Benjamin", "Tong, Steven Y C", "Lewin, Sharon R", "Kedzierska, Katherine"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284614", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316857, "title": "COVID-19 and orthopaedic surgeons: the Indian scenario.", "journal": "Trop Doct", "authors": ["Jain, Vijay K", "Vaishya, Raju"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316857", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of COVID-19 has impacted orthopaedic surgery worldwide. India, with its large population and limited health resources, will be overwrought over the coming days due to the number of cases of critically ill patients with COVID-19. It is important to understand the challenges for orthopaedic (and other) surgeons in India when dealing with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article highlights the challenges in the triaging of patients, care in dealing with a patient with COVID-19 in orthopaedic surgery, and the effects on academics and research activities; it also suggests immediate measures and recommendations that also apply to other specialties."}, {"pmid": 32300815, "pmcid": "PMC7160608", "title": "Protecting patients and healthcare personnel from COVID-19: considerations for practice and outpatient care in cardiology.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Dorr, Rolf"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300815", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234119, "pmcid": "PMC7118344", "title": "Updated rapid risk assessment from ECDC on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: increased transmission in the EU/EEA and the UK.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Eurosurveillance Editorial Team"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234119", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245264, "pmcid": "PMC7151655", "title": "Emetine, Ipecac, Ipecac Alkaloids and Analogues as Potential Antiviral Agents for Coronaviruses.", "journal": "Pharmaceuticals (Basel)", "authors": ["Bleasel, Martin D", "Peterson, Gregory M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245264", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 coronavirus is currently spreading around the globe with limited treatment options available. This article presents the rationale for potentially using old drugs (emetine, other ipecac alkaloids or analogues) that have been used to treat amoebiasis in the treatment of COVID-19. Emetine had amongst the lowest reported half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) from over 290 agents screened for the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronaviruses. While EC50 concentrations of emetine are achievable in the blood, studies show that concentrations of emetine can be almost 300 times higher in the lungs. Furthermore, based on the relative EC50s of emetine towards the coronaviruses compared with Entamoeba histolytica, emetine could be much more effective as an anti-coronavirus agent than it is against amoebiasis. This paper also discusses the known side effects of emetine and related compounds, how those side effects can be managed, and the optimal method of administration for the potential treatment of COVID-19. Given the serious and immediate threat that the COVID-19 coronavirus poses, our long history with emetine and the likely ability of emetine to reach therapeutic concentrations within the lungs, ipecac, emetine, and other analogues should be considered as potential treatment options, especially if in vitro studies confirm viral sensitivity."}, {"pmid": 32293833, "pmcid": "PMC7195975", "title": "Emerging and reemerging respiratory viral infections up to Covid-19", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Celik, Ilhami", "Saatci, Esma", "Eyuboglu, Aysegul Fusun"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293833", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infectious diseases remain as the significant causes of human and animal morbidity and mortality, leading to extensive outbreaks and epidemics. Acute respiratory viral diseases claim over 4 million deaths and cause millions of hospitalizations in developing countries every year. Emerging viruses, especially the RNA viruses, are more pathogenic since most people have no herd immunity. The RNA viruses can adapt to the rapidly changing global and local environment due to the high error rate of their polymerases that replicate their genomes. Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is determined as an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan. Herein we discuss emerging and reemerging respiratory viral infections till to SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32437066, "title": "Modified percutaneous tracheostomy in COVID-19 critically ill patients.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Vargas, Maria", "Russo, Gennaro", "Iacovazzo, Carmine", "Servillo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437066", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) included several critical steps associated with increased risk of aerosol generation. We reported a modified PT technique aiming to minimize the risk of aerosol generation and to increase the staff safety in COVID-19 patients. PT was performed with a modified technique including the use of a smaller endotracheal tube (ETT) cuffed at the carina during the procedure. The modified technique we proposed was successfully performed in three critically ill patients with COVID-19. In COVID-19 critically ill patients, a modified PT technique, including the use of a smaller ETT cuffed at the carina and fiber-optic bronchoscope inserted between the tube and the inner surface of the trachea, may ensure a better airway management, respiratory function, patient comfort, and great safety for the staff."}, {"pmid": 32209588, "title": "Covid-19: medical students should not work outside their competency, says BMA.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Harvey, Anna"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209588", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373323, "pmcid": "PMC7183244", "title": "Saving the frontline health workforce amidst the COVID-19 crisis: Challenges and recommendations.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Nagesh, Shubha", "Chakraborty, Stuti"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373323", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423297, "title": "Whatever Happened to Evidence-Based Practice During COVID-19?", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Krouse, Helene J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423297", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Contemporary medical practice is grounded in rigorous scientific evidence in concert with best clinical practices and informed shared decision making with patients. During these times of uncertainty, disruption, and even anxiety, it becomes critical that we engage with our patients and communities in thoughtful dialogue and realistic expectations regarding treatments surrounding COVID-19. The hope for a \"miracle\" cure and urgency to return back to normal times can stimulate irrational thought and behavior and even desperate measures by individuals or groups. It becomes especially important that we continue to use reasonable, informed clinical judgment in discussing the various options with patients."}, {"pmid": 32480115, "pmcid": "PMC7259905", "title": "Eating disorders in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Shah, Monica", "Sachdeva, Muskaan", "Johnston, Hariclia"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480115", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289868, "title": "Emergency Colorectal Surgery in a COVID-19 Pandemic Epicenter.", "journal": "Surg Technol Int", "authors": ["Angelos, George", "Dockter, Andrew Grayson", "Gachabayov, Mahir", "Latifi, Rifat", "Bergamaschi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289868", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a considerable risk during emergency colorectal surgery in a pandemic epicenter. It is well known that the primary route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is through respiratory droplets. However, little is known about shedding of the virus in bodily fluids and associated risks. Although the current moratorium on elective surgery addresses multiple ongoing concerns, including the management of precious resources as well as unknown exposure risks, surgeons undeniably must face and mitigate risks related to exposure to patient airway management-related aerosols, bodily fluids, surgical smoke, contaminated insufflation, and specimen handling in emergency colorectal surgery. Given the significant concern of airborne transmission, the authors recommend conventional, in lieu of laparoscopic, access in emergency colorectal surgery in a COVID-19 pandemic epicenter."}, {"pmid": 32470233, "title": "The Role of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Sanchez-Gonzalez, Miguel Angel"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470233", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511861, "title": "Aerosol treatments for childhood asthma in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Mei-Zahav, Meir", "Amirav, Israel"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511861", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492045, "title": "The need of health policy perspective to protect Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 pandemic. A GRADE rapid review on the N95 respirators effectiveness.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Iannone, Primiano", "Castellini, Greta", "Coclite, Daniela", "Napoletano, Antonello", "Fauci, Alice Josephine", "Iacorossi, Laura", "D'Angelo, Daniela", "Renzi, Cristina", "La Torre, Giuseppe", "Mastroianni, Claudio M", "Gianola, Silvia"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492045", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Protecting Health Care Workers (HCWs) during routine care of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients is of paramount importance to halt the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2) pandemic. The WHO, ECDC and CDC have issued conflicting guidelines on the use of respiratory filters (N95) by HCWs. We searched PubMed, Embase and The Cochrane Library from the inception to March 21, 2020 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing N95 respirators versus surgical masks for prevention of COVID-19 or any other respiratory infection among HCWs. The grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Four RCTs involving 8736 HCWs were included. We did not find any trial specifically on prevention of COVID-19. However, wearing N95 respirators can prevent 73 more (95% CI 46-91) clinical respiratory infections per 1000 HCWs compared to surgical masks (2 RCTs; 2594 patients; low quality of evidence). A protective effect of N95 respirators in laboratory-confirmed bacterial colonization (RR = 0.41; 95%CI 0.28-0.61) was also found. A trend in favour of N95 respirators was observed in preventing laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infections, laboratory-confirmed respiratory infection, and influenza like illness. We found no direct high quality evidence on whether N95 respirators are better than surgical masks for HCWs protection from SARS-CoV-2. However, low quality evidence suggests that N95 respirators protect HCWs from clinical respiratory infections. This finding should be contemplated to decide the best strategy to support the resilience of healthcare systems facing the potentially catastrophic SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32215581, "pmcid": "PMC7099527", "title": "Possible Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 From an Infected Mother to Her Newborn.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Dong, Lan", "Tian, Jinhua", "He, Songming", "Zhu, Chuchao", "Wang, Jian", "Liu, Chen", "Yang, Jing"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215581", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484130, "title": "COVID-19 associated central nervous system vasculopathy.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Matos, Ana Rita", "Quintas-Neves, Miguel", "Oliveira, Ana Isabel", "Dias, Luis", "Marques, Sofia", "Carvalho, Raquel", "Alves, Jose Nuno"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484130", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277378, "pmcid": "PMC7146070", "title": "Experiences of practicing surgical neuro-oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurooncol", "authors": ["Hu, Yuan-Jun", "Zhang, Jian-Min", "Chen, Zhong-Ping"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277378", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346862, "title": "Inhaled NO and COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Ignarro, Louis J"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346862", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471811, "title": "Covid-19: Two thirds of people contacted through tracing did not fully cooperate, pilot scheme finds.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471811", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405265, "pmcid": "PMC7219363", "title": "Incidence of the COVID-19 in Iraq - Implications for travellers.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Al-Malkey, Maysaa Kadhim", "Al-Sammak, Maitham Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405265", "countries": ["Iraq"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427645, "title": "Pediatric Life-Threatening Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Myocarditis.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Oberweis, Marie-Laure", "Codreanu, Andrei", "Boehm, Wolfgang", "Olivier, Damien", "Pierron, Charlotte", "Tsobo, Chantal", "Kohnen, Michel", "Abdelrahman, Tamir T", "Nguyen, Nguyen T", "Wagner, Kerstin", "de la Fuente Garcia, Isabel"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427645", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the case of a pediatric life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 who presented as myocarditis with heart failure. Clinicians should be aware of this severe presentation of the disease in children, possibly linked to an exaggerated inflammatory host immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2."}, {"pmid": 32503837, "title": "Type 1 Diabetes and COVID-19: Preliminary Findings From a Multicenter Surveillance Study in the U.S.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Ebekozien, Osagie A", "Noor, Nudrat", "Gallagher, Mary Pat", "Alonso, G Todd"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503837", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412705, "title": "Compassionate Use of Remdesivir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Bonovas, Stefanos", "Piovani, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412705", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32110875, "pmcid": "PMC7141113", "title": "Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Pang, Junxiong", "Wang, Min Xian", "Ang, Ian Yi Han", "Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan", "Lewis, Ruth Frances", "Chen, Jacinta I-Pei", "Gutierrez, Ramona A", "Gwee, Sylvia Xiao Wei", "Chua, Pearleen Ee Yong", "Yang, Qian", "Ng, Xian Yi", "Yap, Rowena Ks", "Tan, Hao Yi", "Teo, Yik Ying", "Tan, Chorh Chuan", "Cook, Alex R", "Yap, Jason Chin-Huat", "Hsu, Li Yang"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32110875", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics are important interventions for the management of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. It is timely to systematically review the potential of these interventions, including those for Middle East respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, to guide policymakers globally on their prioritization of resources for research and development. A systematic search was carried out in three major electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library) to identify published studies in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Supplementary strategies through Google Search and personal communications were used. A total of 27 studies fulfilled the criteria for review. Several laboratory protocols for confirmation of suspected 2019-nCoV cases using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have been published. A commercial RT-PCR kit developed by the Beijing Genomic Institute is currently widely used in China and likely in Asia. However, serological assays as well as point-of-care testing kits have not been developed but are likely in the near future. Several vaccine candidates are in the pipeline. The likely earliest Phase 1 vaccine trial is a synthetic DNA-based candidate. A number of novel compounds as well as therapeutics licensed for other conditions appear to have in vitro efficacy against the 2019-nCoV. Some are being tested in clinical trials against MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, while others have been listed for clinical trials against 2019-nCoV. However, there are currently no effective specific antivirals or drug combinations supported by high-level evidence."}, {"pmid": 32414707, "title": "Covid-19: Patients should self-isolate for two weeks before elective care, trusts are told.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kmietowicz, Zosia"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414707", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250283, "pmcid": "PMC7141253", "title": "Novel Coronavirus in Cape Town Informal Settlements: Feasibility of Using Informal Dwelling Outlines to Identify High Risk Areas for COVID-19 Transmission From A Social Distancing Perspective.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Gibson, Lesley", "Rush, David"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250283", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The challenges faced by the Global South during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic are compounded by the presence of informal settlements, which are typically densely populated and lacking in formalized sanitation infrastructure. Social distancing measures in informal settlements may be difficult to implement due to the density and layout of settlements. This study measures the distance between dwellings in informal settlements in Cape Town to identify the risk of COVID-19 transmission. The aim of this paper is to determine if social distancing measures are achievable in informal settlements in Cape Town, using two settlements as an example. We will first examine the distance between dwellings and their first, second, and third nearest neighbors and then identify clusters of dwellings in which residents would be unable to effectively practice social isolation due to the close proximity of their homes. Dwellings in the settlements of Masiphumelele and Klipfontein Glebe were extracted from a geographic information system data set of outlines of all informal dwellings in Cape Town. The distance to each dwelling's first, second, and third nearest neighbors was calculated for each settlement. A social distance measure of 2 m was used (buffer of 1 m, as dwellings less than 2 m apart are joined) to identify clusters of dwellings that are unable to effectively practice social distancing in each settlement. The distance to each dwelling's first 3 nearest neighbors illustrates that the settlement of Masiphumelele is constructed in a denser fashion as compared to the Klipfontein Glebe settlement. This implies that implementing social distancing will likely be more challenging in Masiphumelele than in Klipfontein Glebe. However, using a 2-m social distancing measure, it was demonstrated that large portions of Klipfontein Glebe would also be unable to effectively implement social distancing. Effectively implementing social distancing may be a challenge in informal settlements due to their density. This paper uses dwelling outlines for informal settlements in the city of Cape Town to demonstrate that with a 2 m measure, effective social distancing will be challenging."}, {"pmid": 32483978, "title": "Feasibility and Preliminary Results of Effectiveness of Social Media-based Intervention on the Psychological Well-being of Suspected COVID-19 Cases during Quarantine.", "journal": "Can J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Zhou, Lepeng", "Xie, Ri-Hua", "Yang, Xiaoxian", "Zhang, Sumin", "Li, Difei", "Zhang, Yinglan", "Liu, Jingping", "Pakhale, Smita", "Krewski, Daniel", "Wen, Shi Wu"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483978", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295765, "title": "Covid-19: UK government is urged to publish daily care home deaths as it promises more testing.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295765", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281555, "pmcid": "PMC7153961", "title": "The Fast Territorial Expansion of COVID-19 in Spain.", "journal": "J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Perez-Bermejo, Marcelino", "Murillo-Llorente, Maria Teresa"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281555", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355961, "pmcid": "PMC7197528", "title": "Letter: COVID-19 Impact on the Medical Student Path to Neurosurgery.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Chae, John K", "Haghdel, Arsalan", "Guadix, Sergio W", "Winston, Graham M", "Younus, Iyan", "Radwanski, Ryan", "Schwartz, Theodore H", "Greenfield, Jeffrey P", "Apuzzo, Michael L J", "Pannullo, Susan C"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355961", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437514, "title": "First reorganization in Europe of a regional cardiac surgery system to deal with the coronavirus-2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiothorac Surg", "authors": ["Belluschi, Igor", "De Bonis, Michele", "Alfieri, Ottavio", "Del Forno, Benedetto", "Alamanni, Francesco", "Polvani, Gianluca", "Pompilio, Giulio", "Roberto, Maurizio", "Merlino, Luca Giuseppe", "Troise, Giovanni", "Triboldi, Alessandro", "Di Credico, Germano", "Odinolfi, Fulvio Edoardo", "Giamberti, Alessandro", "Frigiola, Alessandro", "De Vincentiis, Carlo", "Menicanti, Lorenzo", "Monaco, Fabrizio", "Melisurgo, Giulio", "Scandroglio, Anna Mara", "Ambrosio, Alberto", "Bottinelli, Elena", "Castiglioni, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437514", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32027573, "pmcid": "PMC7233366", "title": "Emerging 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Song, Fengxiang", "Shi, Nannan", "Shan, Fei", "Zhang, Zhiyong", "Shen, Jie", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Ling, Yun", "Jiang, Yebin", "Shi, Yuxin"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32027573", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BackgroundThe chest CT findings of patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia have not previously been described in detail.PurposeTo investigate the clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings of emerging 2019-nCoV pneumonia in humans.Materials and MethodsFifty-one patients (25 men and 26 women; age range 16-76 years) with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction underwent thin-section CT. The imaging findings, clinical data, and laboratory data were evaluated.ResultsFifty of 51 patients (98%) had a history of contact with individuals from the endemic center in Wuhan, China. Fever (49 of 51, 96%) and cough (24 of 51, 47%) were the most common symptoms. Most patients had a normal white blood cell count (37 of 51, 73%), neutrophil count (44 of 51, 86%), and either normal (17 of 51, 35%) or reduced (33 of 51, 65%) lymphocyte count. CT images showed pure ground-glass opacity (GGO) in 39 of 51 (77%) patients and GGO with reticular and/or interlobular septal thickening in 38 of 51 (75%) patients. GGO with consolidation was present in 30 of 51 (59%) patients, and pure consolidation was present in 28 of 51 (55%) patients. Forty-four of 51 (86%) patients had bilateral lung involvement, while 41 of 51 (80%) involved the posterior part of the lungs and 44 of 51 (86%) were peripheral. There were more consolidated lung lesions in patients 5 days or more from disease onset to CT scan versus 4 days or fewer (431 of 712 lesions vs 129 of 612 lesions; P < .001). Patients older than 50 years had more consolidated lung lesions than did those aged 50 years or younger (212 of 470 vs 198 of 854; P < .001). Follow-up CT in 13 patients showed improvement in seven (54%) patients and progression in four (31%) patients.ConclusionPatients with fever and/or cough and with conspicuous ground-glass opacity lesions in the peripheral and posterior lungs on CT images, combined with normal or decreased white blood cells and a history of epidemic exposure, are highly suspected of having 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia.\u00a9 RSNA, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32092388, "pmcid": "PMC7126162", "title": "Chinese medical personnel against the 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Feng, Zhan-Hui", "Cheng, Yong-Ran", "Chen, Juan", "Ye, Lan", "Zhou, Meng-Yun", "Wang, Ming-Wei"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092388", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507112, "title": "Responding to COVID-19: how an academic infectious diseases division mobilized in Singapore.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Archuleta, Sophia", "Cross, Gail", "Somani, Jyoti", "Lum, Lionel", "Santosa, Amelia", "Alagha, Rawan A", "Allen, David M", "Ang, Alicia", "Beh, Darius", "Chai, Louis", "Chan, Si Min", "Lim, See Ming", "Olszyna, Dariusz P", "Ong, Catherine", "Oon, Jolene", "Salada, Brenda M A", "Smitasin, Nares", "Sun, Louisa", "Tambyah, Paul A", "Tham, Sai Meng", "Yan, Gabriel", "Yee, Chen Hui", "Dan, Yock Young", "Jureen, Roland", "Tee, Nancy", "Mahadevan, Malcolm", "Yau, Ying Wei", "Quek, Swee Chye", "Liu, Eugene H", "Sin, Clara", "Bagdasarian, Natasha", "Fisher, Dale A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507112", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 30, COVID-19 was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern-a week after Singapore's first imported case and 5\u00a0days before local transmission. The National University Hospital (NUH) is Singapore's third largest hospital with 1200 beds, heavy clinical workloads, and major roles in research and teaching. With memories of SARS still vivid, there was an urgent requirement for the NUH Division of Infectious Diseases to adapt-undergoing major reorganization to face rapidly changing priorities while ensuring usual essential services and standards. Leveraging on individual strengths, our division mobilized to meet the demands of COVID-19 while engaging in high-level coordination, strategy, and advocacy. We present our experience of the 60\u00a0days since the nation's first case. During this time, our hospital has managed 3030 suspect cases, including 1300 inpatients, 37 confirmed cases, and overseen 4384 samples tested for COVID-19. Complex hospital adaptations were supported by an unprecedented number of workflows and coordination channels essential to safe and effective operations. The actions we describe, aligned with international recommendations and emerging evidence-based best practices, may serve as a framework for other divisions and institutions facing the spread of COVID-19 globally."}, {"pmid": 32374144, "title": "Re: Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int Braz J Urol", "authors": ["Bertolo, Riccardo", "Cipriani, Chiara", "Vittori, Matteo", "Bove, Pierluigi"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374144", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333196, "pmcid": "PMC7180657", "title": "Lymphopenia that may develop in patients treated with temozolomide and immune control check-point inhibitor may be a high risk for mortality during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Med Oncol", "authors": ["Tanriverdi, Ozgur"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333196", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As we know more about the clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19, which is now accepted as a pandemic, many questions have been raised about how to manage and monitor the treatment of cancer patients. It was determined that the incidence of lymphopenia increased in COVID-19 and there was a significant relationship between lymphopenia and mortality. This can be thought of as an unresponsive problem in how to maintain anti-cancer drugs that cause lymphopenia. This article was written for a hypothetical approach in cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in order to be an idea of collecting data for treatment with anti-cancer drugs that cause lymphopenia."}, {"pmid": 32526545, "title": "Pulmonary embolism: A complication of COVID 19 infection.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Akel, Tamer", "Qaqa, Firas", "Abuarqoub, Ahmad", "Shamoon, Fayez"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526545", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) has been reported in almost every country in the world. Although a large proportion of infected individuals develop only mild symptoms or are asymptomatic, the spectrum of the disease among others has been widely variable in severity. Additionally, many infected individuals were found to have coagulation markers abnormalities. This is especially true among those progressing to severe pneumonia and multi-organ failure. While the incidence of venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease has been recently noted to be elevated among critically ill patients, the incidence among ambulatory and non-critically ill patients is not yet clearly defined. Herein, we present six patients who didn't have any hypercoagulable risk factors yet presented with pulmonary embolism in association with COVID 19 infection. Furthermore, we discuss the possible underlying mechanisms of hypercoagulability and highlight the possibility of underdiagnosing pulmonary embolism in the setting of overlapping symptoms, decreased utilization of imaging secondary to associated risks, and increased turnover times. In addition, we emphasize the role of extended thromboprophylaxis in discharged patients."}, {"pmid": 32448560, "pmcid": "PMC7241312", "title": "Preventing stroke in symptomatic carotid artery disease during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Hellegering, Joyce", "van der Laan, Maarten J", "Heide, Erik-Jan de", "Uyttenboogaart, Maarten", "Zeebregts, Clark J", "Bokkers, Reinoud P H"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448560", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310275, "pmcid": "PMC7188107", "title": "Letter to the Editor: \"Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists\".", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Kobaly, Kristen", "Mandel, Susan J", "Cappola, Anne R", "Kim, Caroline S"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310275", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384707, "title": "Decision-Making in COVID-19 and Frailty.", "journal": "Geriatrics (Basel)", "authors": ["Moug, Susan", "Carter, Ben", "Myint, Phyo Kyaw", "Hewitt, Jonathan", "McCarthy, Kathryn", "Pearce, Lyndsay"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384707", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We write in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the important recognition of co-existing frailty [COVID-19 rapid guideline: critical care in adults; NICE NG159] [...]."}, {"pmid": 32519263, "title": "India's COVID-19 Testing Strategy: Why Pediatric Hospitals Need to Focus More on ILI than SARI?", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Dash, Nabaneeta", "Awasthi, Pusp Raj", "Nallasamy, Karthi"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519263", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32090448, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: Implications of emerging infections for transplantation.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Michaels, Marian G", "La Hoz, Ricardo M", "Danziger-Isakov, Lara", "Blumberg, Emily A", "Kumar, Deepali", "Green, Michael", "Pruett, Timothy L", "Wolfe, Cameron R"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32090448", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent identification of an outbreak of 2019- novel Coronavirus is currently evolving, and the impact on transplantation is unknown. However, it is imperative that we anticipate the potential impact on the transplant community in order to avert severe consequences of this infection on both the transplant community and contacts of transplant patients."}, {"pmid": 32290904, "pmcid": "PMC7160437", "title": "Roll-out of SARS-CoV-2 testing for healthcare workers at a large NHS Foundation Trust in the United Kingdom, March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Keeley, Alexander J", "Evans, Cariad", "Colton, Hayley", "Ankcorn, Michael", "Cope, Alison", "State, Amy", "Bennett, Tracy", "Giri, Prosenjit", "de Silva, Thushan I", "Raza, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290904", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare workers (HCW) are potentially at increased risk of infection with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and may transmit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to vulnerable patients. We present results from staff testing at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom. Between 16 and 29 March 2020, 1,533 symptomatic HCW were tested, of whom 282 (18%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Testing HCW is a crucial strategy to optimise staffing levels during this outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32359878, "title": "Application of plasma exchange in association with higher dose CVVH in Cytokine Storm Complicating COVID-19.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Lin, Jui-Hsiang", "Chen, Yu-Cheng", "Lu, Chien-Lu", "Hsu, Yuan-Nian", "Wang, Wei-Jie"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359878", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392461, "title": "The emerging role of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Lepri, Gemma", "Orlandi, Martina", "Lazzeri, Chiara", "Bruni, Cosimo", "Hughes, Michael", "Bonizzoli, Manuela", "Wang, Yukai", "Peris, Adriano", "Matucci-Cerinic, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392461", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the last decades lung ultrasound (LUS) has become of crucial importance in the evaluation and monitoring of a widely range of pulmonary diseases. One of the major benefits which favours this examination, is that this is a non-invasive, low-cost and radiation-free imaging modality which allows repeated imaging. LUS plays an important role in a wide range of pathologies, including cardiogenic oedema, acute respiratory distress syndrome and fibrosis. Specific LUS findings have proved useful and predictive of acute respiratory distress syndrome which is of particular relevance in the suspicion and monitoring of patients with lung disease. Furthermore, several studies have confirmed the role of LUS in the screening of interstitial lung diseases in connective tissue diseases. Given these data, LUS will likely play an important role in the management of COVID-19 patients from identification of specific abnormalities corresponding to definite pneumonia phases and CT scans findings. In addition, LUS could allow reduction in the exposure of health-care workers to potential infection. Herein, we provide a summary on emerging role of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32385990, "title": "[Visualization analysis on treatment of coronavirus based on knowledge graph].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Yi, Wei", "Wang, Yu", "Tang, Jianqiao", "Xiong, Xiaoli", "Zhang, Yuesheng", "Yan, Suqi"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385990", "countries": ["Canada", "Netherlands", "Germany", "China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss the research progress in the field of coronavirus (CoVs) treatment based on the visualization analysis of knowledge graph. The related literatures in the field of CoVs treatment were retrieved from the establishment of Web of Science core collection database to February 15th, 2020, and the literature analysis tool of Web of Science database was used to count the annual trend of published literatures. The VOSviewer software was used to analyze the relationship among countries, institutions, authors, clustering and density of subject words. The HistCite software was used to screen important documents and to draw the evolution process of hot spots. The CiteSpace software was used to analyze the breakout points of subject words, so as to find the front and hot spots in this field. A total of 1 747 data were retrieved, with the exception of 17 duplicate data, and 1 730 data were retained for visualization analysis. In terms of literature volume, the literatures on CoVs therapy rose after 2003 and 2012, and the number of published literatures had remained high since 2014. In terms of countries, the main countries that carried out the research on the treatment of CoVs were the United States (n = 613), China (n = 582), Germany (n = 122), Canada (n = 99), etc., and the cooperation among countries was close. In terms of institutions, the number of papers issued by Chinese Academy of Sciences in the field of CoVs treatment ranked first (n = 82), followed by University of Hong Kong of China (n = 74) and Chinese University of Hong Kong of China (n = 58), followed by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (n = 37), and the cooperation among various institutions was close. In terms of literature authors, there were two high-yielding authors in the United States [Ralph S. Baric (n = 21) and Kuochen Chou (n = 17)], two Chinese authors [Yuen Kwok-yung (n = 17) and Jiang Shibo (n = 16)] and one Dutch author [Eric J. Snijder (n = 17)]. In terms of the cluster analysis of authors, the authors were closely related in reverse genetics, respiratory infection, receptor binding domain, etc., and the 15 top-cited papers came mainly from China, the United States, Netherlands and other countries, and the literature content represented the frontiers and hot spots in different periods. The treatment hot spots focused on preventing virus adsorption, inhibiting the virus gene nucleic acid replication, transcription and translation. The main subject words were divided into three main categories, namely, CoVs epidemiology, basic research and drug development, in which basic research and drug development were strongly correlated. In the subject words breakthrough analysis, there were time-related breakthrough points in 1991, 1996 and 2002, and the \"diagnosis\" and \"sequence\" were continuous hot spots. Through the visualization analysis of knowledge graph, the development trend and hot spots of CoVs therapy research could be well observed. In this study, the degree of attention in the field of CoVs treatment showed periodic changes, related to the outbreak of new CoVs, and the country, institutions and the author were closely related. The treatment hot spots focused on preventing virus adsorption, inhibiting the virus gene nucleic acid replication, transcription and translation in order to develop new targets of drug."}, {"pmid": 32306822, "pmcid": "PMC7212534", "title": "Peptide-like and small-molecule inhibitors against Covid-19.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Pant, Suyash", "Singh, Meenakshi", "Ravichandiran, V", "Murty, U S N", "Srivastava, Hemant Kumar"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306822", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease strain (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered in 2019, and it is spreading very fast around the world causing the disease Covid-19. Currently, more than 1.6 million individuals are infected, and several thousand are dead across the globe because of Covid-19. Here, we utilized the in-silico approaches to identify possible protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Potential compounds were screened from the CHEMBL database, ZINC database, FDA approved drugs and molecules under clinical trials. Our study is based on 6Y2F and 6W63 co-crystallized structures available in the protein data bank (PDB). Seven hundred compounds from ZINC/CHEMBL databases and fourteen hundred compounds from drug-bank were selected based on positive interactions with the reported binding site. All the selected compounds were subjected to standard-precision (SP) and extra-precision (XP) mode of docking. Generated docked poses were carefully visualized for known interactions within the binding site. Molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA) calculations were performed to screen the best compounds based on docking scores and binding energy values. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out on four selected compounds from the CHEMBL database to validate the stability and interactions. MD simulations were also performed on the PDB structure 6YF2F to understand the differences between screened molecules and co-crystallized ligand. We screened 300 potential compounds from various databases, and 66 potential compounds from FDA approved drugs. Cobicistat, ritonavir, lopinavir, and darunavir are in the top screened molecules from FDA approved drugs. The screened drugs and molecules may be helpful in fighting with SARS-CoV-2 after further studies."}, {"pmid": 32412510, "title": "Neurological manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Jimenez-Ruiz, Amado", "Garcia-Grimshaw, Miguel", "Ruiz-Sandoval, Jose L"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412510", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in China, has spread rapidly to affect the entire world in a matter of months. Main manifestations of the disease include a febrile syndrome accompanied by respiratory symptoms; however, cases of systemic involvement are increasingly being reported, including cardiac and central nervous system compromise. In the series by Ling M. et al., 214 patients with COVID-19 were studied; 78 (36.4 %) had neurologic manifestations, which were classified into four main groups: acute cerebrovascular disease, impaired consciousness, peripheral nervous system involvement and muscular manifestations. Another report published by Li et al. describes that, out of 221 patients with COVID-19, 13 developed acute cerebrovascular disease with cerebral infarction, venous thrombosis and intracerebral hemorrhage."}, {"pmid": 32471705, "pmcid": "PMC7250556", "title": "[Responsiveness and sustainability of psychiatric care in France during COVID-19 epidemic].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Bocher, R", "Jansen, C", "Gayet, P", "Gorwood, P", "Laprevote, V"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471705", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The sudden changes of healthcare system due to COVID-19 particularly affect the organization of psychiatry. The objective of this review is to examine the adaptations of psychiatric care in France during this pandemic. This narrative review is based on the observation of changes made in French psychiatric hospitals and on an analysis of the literature. Regarding psychiatric hospitalization, the COVID-19 epidemic required rapid measures that profoundly modified the conditions of patients' reception, forcing the medical staffs to adapt their methods of care. The authors noted the creation of at least 89 wards specifically dedicated to patients with COVID-19 needing psychiatric hospitalization, allowing dual care of general medicine and psychiatry. Regarding ambulatory care, maintaining patients with long-term follow-up was a priority. Patients recalling and teleconsultation have been precious resources but cannot entirely replace face-to-face consultations. COVID-19 epidemic created unprecedented situation of large-scale upheavals in the healthcare system and in society. Despite the absence of previous recommendations on the subject, French psychiatry has shown great adaptability. Some changes could inspire post-COVID-19 care."}, {"pmid": 32125458, "pmcid": "PMC7080134", "title": "COVID-19: a novel coronavirus and a novel challenge for critical care.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Arabi, Yaseen M", "Murthy, Srinivas", "Webb, Steve"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125458", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500100, "pmcid": "PMC7236587", "title": "Evidence of initial success for China exiting COVID-19 social distancing policy after achieving containment.", "journal": "Wellcome Open Res", "authors": ["Ainslie, Kylie E C", "Walters, Caroline E", "Fu, Han", "Bhatia, Sangeeta", "Wang, Haowei", "Xi, Xiaoyue", "Baguelin, Marc", "Bhatt, Samir", "Boonyasiri, Adhiratha", "Boyd, Olivia", "Cattarino, Lorenzo", "Ciavarella, Constanze", "Cucunuba, Zulma", "Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina", "Dighe, Amy", "Dorigatti, Ilaria", "van Elsland, Sabine L", "FitzJohn, Rich", "Gaythorpe, Katy", "Ghani, Azra C", "Green, Will", "Hamlet, Arran", "Hinsley, Wes", "Imai, Natsuko", "Jorgensen, David", "Knock, Edward", "Laydon, Daniel", "Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma", "Okell, Lucy C", "Siveroni, Igor", "Thompson, Hayley A", "Unwin, H Juliette T", "Verity, Robert", "Vollmer, Michaela", "Walker, Patrick G T", "Wang, Yuanrong", "Watson, Oliver J", "Whittaker, Charles", "Winskill, Peter", "Donnelly, Christl A", "Ferguson, Neil M", "Riley, Steven"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500100", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: The COVID-19 epidemic was declared a Global Pandemic by WHO on 11 March 2020. By 24 March 2020, over 440,000 cases and almost 20,000 deaths had been reported worldwide. In response to the fast-growing epidemic, which began in the Chinese city of Wuhan, Hubei, China imposed strict social distancing in Wuhan on 23 January 2020 followed closely by similar measures in other provinces. These interventions have impacted economic productivity in China, and the ability of the Chinese economy to resume without restarting the epidemic was not clear. Methods: Using daily reported cases from mainland China and Hong Kong SAR, we estimated transmissibility over time and compared it to daily within-city movement, as a proxy for economic activity. Results: Initially, within-city movement and transmission were very strongly correlated in the five mainland provinces most affected by the epidemic and Beijing. However, that correlation decreased rapidly after the initial sharp fall in transmissibility. In general, towards the end of the study period, the correlation was no longer apparent, despite substantial increases in within-city movement. A similar analysis for Hong Kong shows that intermediate levels of local activity were maintained while avoiding a large outbreak. At the very end of the study period, when China began to experience the re-introduction of a small number of cases from Europe and the United States, there is an apparent up-tick in transmission. Conclusions: Although these results do not preclude future substantial increases in incidence, they suggest that after very intense social distancing (which resulted in containment), China successfully exited its lockdown to some degree. Elsewhere, movement data are being used as proxies for economic activity to assess the impact of interventions. The results presented here illustrate how the eventual decorrelation between transmission and movement is likely a key feature of successful COVID-19 exit strategies."}, {"pmid": 32445030, "pmcid": "PMC7244258", "title": "Medications in COVID-19 patients: summarizing the current literature from an orthopaedic perspective.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Tan, Si Heng Sharon", "Hong, Choon Chiet", "Saha, Soura", "Murphy, Diarmuid", "Hui, James Hoipo"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445030", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The review aims to provide a summary of the current literature regarding common medications prescribed in orthopaedic surgery and their potential implications in COVID-19 patients. A systematic review was performed using the PRISMA guidelines. All clinical studies, reviews, consensus and guidelines related to the above medications and COVID-19 were included. A total of 18 articles were included. The use of analgesia, anti-inflammatories, steroids, anticoagulants, antibiotics, vitamin B, vitamin C and vitamin D and their potential impact on COVID-19 patients were reported. Eight main recommendations were derived from the review. Firstly, paracetamol remains the first line of analgesia and antipyretic. Secondly, there is no need to avoid NSAIDs for COVID-19 patients. Thirdly, opioids have the potential for immunosuppression in addition to respiratory depression and, therefore, should be prescribed with care in COVID-19 patients. Fourthly, patients with conditions where steroids are proven to be efficacious can continue to receive their steroids; otherwise, systemic steroids are not recommended for COVID-19 patients. Fifthly, orthopaedic surgeons following up on COVID-19 patients who are using steroids should continue to follow them up for possible avascular necrosis. Sixthly, whenever possible, oral anticoagulation should be converted to parental heparin. Seventhly, common orthopaedic antibiotics including penicillin and clindamycin are safe to continue for COVID-19 patients. However, for COVID-19 patients, the antibiotics can potentially be switched to macrolides and tetracyclines if the organisms are sensitive. Lastly, prescription for vitamins B, C and D should continue as per usual clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32336528, "pmcid": "PMC7151454", "title": "Management of neurological care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Matias-Guiu, J", "Porta-Etessam, J", "Lopez-Valdes, E", "Garcia-Morales, I", "Guerrero-Sola, A", "Matias-Guiu, J A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336528", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic has led to the need for unprecedented decisions to be made to maintain the provision of neurological care. This article addresses operational decision-making during the epidemic. We report the measures taken, including the preparation of a functional reorganisation plan, strategies for hospitalisation and emergency management, the use of telephone consultations to maintain neurological care, provision of care at a unit outside the hospital for priority patients, decisions about complementary testing and periodic in-hospital treatments, and the use of a specific telephone service to prioritise patients with epileptic seizures. Despite the situation of confinement, neurology departments must continue to provide patient care through different means of operation. Like all elements of management, these must be evaluated."}, {"pmid": 32330858, "pmcid": "PMC7136871", "title": "Head and neck oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic: Reconsidering traditional treatment paradigms in light of new surgical and other multilevel risks.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Day, Andrew T", "Sher, David J", "Lee, Rebecca C", "Truelson, John M", "Myers, Larry L", "Sumer, Baran D", "Stankova, Lenka", "Tillman, Brittny N", "Hughes, Randall S", "Khan, Saad A", "Gordin, Eli A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330858", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic demands reassessment of head and neck oncology treatment paradigms. Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients are generally at high-risk for COVID-19 infection and severe adverse outcomes. Further, there are new, multilevel COVID-19-specific risks to patients, surgeons, health care workers (HCWs), institutions and society. Urgent guidance in the delivery of safe, quality head and neck oncologic care is needed. Novel barriers to safe HNC surgery include: (1) imperfect presurgical screening for COVID-19; (2) prolonged SARS-CoV-2 aerosolization; (3) occurrence of multiple, potentially lengthy, aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) within a single surgery; (4) potential incompatibility of enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE) with routine operative equipment; (5) existential or anticipated PPE shortages. Additionally, novel, COVID-19-specific multilevel risks to HNC patients, HCWs and institutions, and society include: use of immunosuppressive therapy, nosocomial COVID-19 transmission, institutional COVID-19 outbreaks, and, at some locations, societal resource deficiencies requiring health care rationing. Traditional head and neck oncology doctrines require reassessment given the extraordinary COVID-19-specific risks of surgery. Emergent, comprehensive management of these novel, multilevel surgical risks are needed. Until these risks are managed, we temporarily favor nonsurgical therapy over surgery for most mucosal squamous cell carcinomas, wherein surgery and nonsurgical therapy are both first-line options. Where surgery is traditionally preferred, we recommend multidisciplinary evaluation of multilevel surgical-risks, discussion of possible alternative nonsurgical therapies and shared-decision-making with the patient. Where surgery remains indicated, we recommend judicious preoperative planning and development of COVID-19-specific perioperative protocols to maximize the safety and quality of surgical and oncologic care."}, {"pmid": 32479914, "pmcid": "PMC7260487", "title": "Management strategies and role of telemedicine in a surgery unit during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Palomba, Giuseppe", "Dinuzzi, Vincenza Paola", "De Palma, Giovanni Domenico", "Aprea, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479914", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236815, "pmcid": "PMC7105968", "title": "Inefficiency of Sera from Mice Treated with Pseudotyped SARS-CoV to Neutralize 2019-nCoV Infection.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Liu, Zezhong", "Xia, Shuai", "Wang, Xinling", "Lan, Qiaoshuai", "Xu, Wei", "Wang, Qian", "Jiang, Shibo", "Lu, Lu"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236815", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499154, "pmcid": "PMC7237921", "title": "Covid-19 Pandemic and Current Medical Interventions.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Manhas, Sweeta", "Anjali, Anjali", "Mansoor, Sheikh", "Sharma, Vikas", "Ahmad, Ajaz", "Rehman, Muneeb U", "Ahmad, Parvaiz"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499154", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "First humanoid coronavirus was discovered in the middle of 1960s, the class of viruses are considered to be a huge threat. The first onset of human coronavirus, SARS (SARS-CoV) appeared in 2003 which spanned five continents having lethal effects on human population accompanied by The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in 2012 with a death rate of 35%. The viruses remain a threat till date and are of serious concern since no vaccine or specified drug therapy has been approbated for treating human coronaviruses. The viruses became a pandemic worldwide with the emergence of Wuhan coronavirus (2019-nCoV). SARS-CoV2 viral manifestation poses a serious human life risk by causing acute lung injury and various respiratory outcomes and has become a global concern. High pathogenicity and transmission rate of the viral strain has become the spotlight of research community throughout the world. With the ongoing studies on viral structure and host interactions, the intricacy of the viral proteome structure and replication cycle proposes a need to explore our understanding of host factors playing role in viral multiplication cycle. This review provides insight into our prevalent perception of coronavirus-host interactions, structure of SARS-CoV2, receptor mediated entry of virus inside the human cells, ongoing clinical trials, drug therapies and treatments that are being used to combat COVID-19 targeting viral fusion, replication and its multiplication."}, {"pmid": 32325021, "pmcid": "PMC7172835", "title": "COVID-19: impact on cancer workforce and delivery of care.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Mayor, Susan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325021", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223768, "pmcid": "PMC7211802", "title": "Fast nosocomial spread of SARS-CoV2 in a French geriatric unit Lyon Study Group on Covid-19 infection.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Vanhems, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223768", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lyon Study Group on Covid19 infection (Geriatric section- Alphabetic order): Adrait, A, Benoist F, Castel-Kremer E, Chuzeville M, Dupin AC, Doh S, Kim B, Favrelle L, Hilliquin D, Kanafer N, Marion E, Martin-Gaujard G, Moyenin Y, Paulet-Lafuma H, Ricanet A, Saadatian-Elahi M, Vanhems P."}, {"pmid": 32440971, "pmcid": "PMC7241061", "title": "Clinical Care, Research, and Telehealth Services in the Era of Social Distancing to Mitigate COVID-19.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Young, Sean D", "Schneider, John"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440971", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284558, "title": "How COVID-19 could ruin weather forecasts and climate records.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Viglione, Giuliana"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284558", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314235, "pmcid": "PMC7169641", "title": "Practical Implications of Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 on Hospital Operations, Board Certification, and Medical Education in Surgery in the USA.", "journal": "J Gastrointest Surg", "authors": ["Fong, Zhi Ven", "Qadan, Motaz", "McKinney, Ross Jr", "Griggs, Cornelia L", "Shah, Paresh C", "Buyske, Jo", "Sachdeva, Ajit K", "Callery, Mark P", "Altieri, Maria S"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314235", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251789, "pmcid": "PMC7194591", "title": "Spatial epidemic dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kang, Dayun", "Choi, Hyunho", "Kim, Jong-Hun", "Choi, Jungsoon"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251789", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019 an outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, was reported. The outbreak spread rapidly to other Chinese cities and multiple countries. This study described the spatio-temporal pattern and measured the spatial association of the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China from 16 January-06 February 2020. This study explored the spatial epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in mainland China. Moran's I spatial statistic with various definitions of neighbours was used to conduct a test to determine whether a spatial association of the COVID-19 infections existed. The spatial spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in China was observed. The results showed that most of the models, except medical-care-based connection models, indicated a significant spatial association of COVID-19 infections from around 22 January 2020. Spatial analysis is of great help in understanding the spread of infectious diseases, and spatial association was the key to the spatial spread during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China."}, {"pmid": 32517820, "title": "Response on \"Evaluation of modelling study shows limits of COVID-19 importing risk simulations in sub-Saharan Africa\".", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Haider, Najmul"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517820", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211755, "title": "Epidemiological and Clinical Predictors of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Sun, Yinxiaohe", "Koh, Vanessa", "Marimuthu, Kalisvar", "Ng, Oon Tek", "Young, Barnaby", "Vasoo, Shawn", "Chan, Monica", "Lee, Vernon J M", "De, Partha P", "Barkham, Timothy", "Lin, Raymond T P", "Cook, Alex R", "Leo, Yee Sin"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211755", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid identification of COVID-19 cases, which is crucial to outbreak containment efforts, is challenging due to the lack of pathognomonic symptoms and in settings with limited capacity for specialized nucleic acid-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. This retrospective case-control study involves subjects (7 to 98 years) presenting at the designated national outbreak screening centre and tertiary care hospital in Singapore for SARS-CoV-2 testing from January 26 to February 16, 2020. COVID-19 status was confirmed by PCR testing of sputum, nasopharyngeal swabs or throat swabs. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and exposure-risk variables ascertainable at presentation were analyzed to develop an algorithm for estimating the risk of COVID-19. Model development used Akaike's information criterion in a stepwise fashion to build logistic regression models, which were then translated into prediction scores. Performance was measured using receiver operating characteristics curves, adjusting for over-confidence using leave-out-one cross validation. The study population included 788 subjects, of whom 54 (6.9%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive and 734 (93.1%) were SARS-CoV-2 negative. The median age was 34 years and 407 (51.7%) were female. Using leave-out-one cross validation, all the models incorporating clinical tests (Models 1, 2 and 3) performed well with areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.91, 0.88 and 0.88 respectively. In comparison, Model 4 had an AUC of 0.65. Rapidly ascertainable clinical and laboratory data could identify individuals at high risk of COVID-19 and enable prioritization of PCR-testing and containment efforts. Basic laboratory test results were crucial to prediction models."}, {"pmid": 32365415, "pmcid": "PMC7267406", "title": "Caution regarding potential changes in AVR practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Mehta, Jeet J", "Patel, Jaymin", "Ayoub, Bassam", "Mohanty, Bibhu D"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365415", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To improve resource allocation in face of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals around the country are restricting the performance of elective surgery to preserve ventilators, operating rooms, ICU beds and protect anesthesiologists. For patients with severe aortic stenosis, efforts to bring treatment to symptomatic patients amid this pandemic might lead to favored use of catheter based management using minimalist techniques that do not require these elements. In this context, some patients with well tested surgical indications for valve replacement may be treated by catheter-based methods. It is important that outcomes for these cases are followed closely both at respective sites and in national registries. As we recover from this pandemic, surgical cases should once again be driven by multi-disciplinary discussion and clinical trial data, and not a mentality of crisis management."}, {"pmid": 32371086, "pmcid": "PMC7196389", "title": "The pros and cons of traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Wang, Yali", "Zeng, Xian", "Zhao, Yufen", "Chen, Weiping", "Chen, Yu Zong"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371086", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223012, "pmcid": "PMC7228236", "title": "Sixty-eight consecutive patients assessed for COVID-19 infection: Experience from a UK Regional infectious diseases Unit.", "journal": "Influenza Other Respir Viruses", "authors": ["Easom, Nicholas", "Moss, Peter", "Barlow, Gavin", "Samson, Anda", "Taynton, Thomas", "Adams, Kate", "Ivan, Monica", "Burns, Phillipa", "Gajee, Kavitha", "Eastick, Kirstine", "Lillie, Patrick J"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223012", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Assessment of possible infection with SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 illness, has been a major activity of infection services since the first reports of cases in December 2019. We report a series of 68 patients assessed at a Regional Infection Unit in the UK. Between 29 January 2020 and 24 February 2020, demographic, clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data were collected. We compared clinical features between patients not requiring admission for clinical reasons or antimicrobials with those assessed as needing either admission or antimicrobial treatment. Patients assessed were aged from 0 to 76 years; 36/68 were female. Peaks of clinical assessments coincided with updates to the case definition for suspected COVID-19. Microbiological diagnoses included SARS-CoV-2, mycoplasma pneumonia, influenza A, non-SARS/MERS coronaviruses and rhinovirus/enterovirus. Nine of sixty-eight received antimicrobials, 15/68 were admitted, 5 due to inability to self-isolate. Patients requiring admission on clinical grounds or antimicrobials (14/68) were more likely to have fever or raised respiratory rate compared to those not requiring admission or antimicrobials. The majority of patients had mild illness, which did not require clinical intervention. This finding supports a community testing approach, supported by clinicians able to review more unwell patients. Extensions of the epidemiological criteria for the case definition of suspected COVID-19 lead to increased screening intensity; strategies must be in place to accommodate this in time for forthcoming changes as the epidemic develops."}, {"pmid": 32388537, "pmcid": "PMC7210460", "title": "Designing of improved drugs for COVID-19: Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease M(pro).", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Mengist, Hylemariam Mihiretie", "Fan, Xiaojiao", "Jin, Tengchuan"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388537", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412104, "pmcid": "PMC7273030", "title": "A new simple method of handmade face shield using A4-size OHP sheet, during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Ino, Yuji", "Yano, Tomonori", "Yamamoto, Hironori"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412104", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the outbreak of COVID-19, many healthcare providers face the problem of lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) including face shields.1-3 However, we need to protect ourselves using standard PPE and continue to perform necessary endoscopic procedures. Skamnelos et. al reported a method to handmake face shields by attaching a sponge and an elastic band to an A4-size OHP transparent sheet.4 Yet, preparing such materials in large numbers can be difficult. To solve this problem, we present an alternate, easy method to make face shields with low-cost materials along with the A4-size OHP transparent sheet."}, {"pmid": 32484429, "title": "COVID-19 Letters & Global Concerns.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Putnam, Michelle"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484429", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326793, "title": "Conceived in the covid-19 crisis: impact of maternal stress and anxiety on fetal neurobehavioral development.", "journal": "J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol", "authors": ["Barisic, Anita"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326793", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336583, "pmcid": "PMC7156950", "title": "Redesigning emergency department operations amidst a viral pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Whiteside, Tess", "Kane, Erin", "Aljohani, Bandar", "Alsamman, Marya", "Pourmand, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336583", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As shown by the current COVID-19 pandemic, emergency departments (ED) are the front line for hospital-and-community-based care during viral respiratory disease outbreaks. As such, EDs must be able to reorganize and reformat operations to meet the changing needs and staggering patient volume. This paper addresses ways to adapt departmental operations to better manage in times of elevated disease burden, specifically identifying areas of intervention to help limit crowding and spread. Using experience from past outbreaks and the current COVID-19 pandemic, we advise strategies to increase surge capacity and limit patient inflow. Triage should identify and geographically cohort symptomatic patients within a designated unit to limit exposure early in an outbreak. Screening and PPE guidelines for both patient and staff should be followed closely, as determined by hospital administration and the CDC. Equipment needs are also greatly affected in an outbreak; we emphasis portable radiographic equipment to limit transport, and an upstocking of certain medications, respiratory supplies, and PPE."}, {"pmid": 32415767, "title": "Management of valvular and structural heart diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: an expert opinion of the Working Group on Valvular Heart Diseases, the Working Group on Cardiac Surgery, and the Association of Cardiovascular Interventions of the Polish Cardiac Society.", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Plonska-Gosciniak, Edyta", "Suwalski, Piotr", "Bartus, Stanislaw", "Kukulski, Tomasz", "Komar, Monika", "Wojakowski, Wojciech", "Grygier, Marek", "Pruszczyk, Piotr", "Gasior, Zbigniew", "Huczek, Zenon", "Berger-Kucza, Adrianna", "Bak, Janusz", "Sorysz, Danuta", "Kasprzak, Jaroslaw D"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415767", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201119), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2011CoV\u20112), represents a major challenge for healthcare. The involvement of cardiovascular system in COVID\u201119 has been proven and increased healthcare system resources are redirected towards handling infected patients, which induces major changes in access to services and prioritization in the management of patients with chronic cardiovascular disease unrelated to COVID\u201119. In this expert opinion, conceived by the task force involving the Working Groups on Valvular Heart Diseases and Cardiac Surgery as well as the Association of Cardiovascular Intervention of the Polish Cardiac Society, modification of diagnostic pathways, principles of healthcare personnel protection, and treatment guidelines regarding triage and prioritization are suggested. Heart Teams responsible for the treatment of valvular heart disease should continue their work using telemedicine and digital technology. Diagnostic tests must be simplified or deferred to minimize the number of potentially dangerous aerosol\u2011generating procedures, such as transesophageal echocardiography or exercise imaging. The treatment of aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation has to be offered particularly due to urgent indications and in patients with advanced disease and poor prognosis. Expert risk stratification is essential for triage and setting the priority lists. In each case, an appropriate level of personal protection must be ensured for the healthcare personnel to prevent spreading infection and preserve specialized manpower, who will supply the continuing need for handling serious chronic cardiovascular disease. Importantly, as soon as the local epidemic situation improves, efforts must be made to restore standard opportunities for elective treatment of valvular heart disease and occluder\u2011based therapies according to existing guidelines, thus rebuilding the state \u2011of \u2011the \u2011art cardiovascular services."}, {"pmid": 32383624, "title": "Controversial Relationship between Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors and Severity of COVID-19: Announcing a Large Multicentre Case-Control Study in Italy.", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["Di Castelnuovo, Augusto", "De Caterina, Raffaele", "de Gaetano, Giovanni", "Iacoviello, Licia"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383624", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The hypothesis has been proposed that patients COVID-19 positive, under anti-hypertensive treatment with angiotensin enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor-blockers, might have a worse or a better clinical prognosis. This might be due to the fact that ACE2 is the receptor for the virus to enter human cells, but, on the contrary, that ACE2 expression is downregulated following SARS-1 infection, resulting in disproportionate activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and exacerbated pneumonia progression. However, no solid clinical data are available at the present moment to support or disprove such hypotheses. We announce in this letter that a large multicentre case-control study has been started in Italy that is the country with a very high impact of COVID-19 infection. We hope that our letter will encourage other clinical centres, even outside Italy, to join our study."}, {"pmid": 32288785, "pmcid": "PMC7107008", "title": "How to risk-stratify elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Patient Saf Surg", "authors": ["Stahel, Philip F"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288785", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489652, "pmcid": "PMC7242012", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: An Epidemiologic, Public Health, and Clinical Brief.", "journal": "Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken)", "authors": ["Ward, John W", "Del Rio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489652", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437662, "pmcid": "PMC7234788", "title": "Early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric cancer care in Latin America.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Vasquez, Liliana", "Sampor, Claudia", "Villanueva, Gabriela", "Maradiegue, Essy", "Garcia-Lombardi, Mercedes", "Gomez-Garcia, Wendy", "Moreno, Florencia", "Diaz, Rosdali", "Cappellano, Andrea M", "Portilla, Carlos Andres", "Salas, Beatriz", "Nava, Evelinda", "Brizuela, Silvia", "Jimenez, Soledad", "Espinoza, Ximena", "Gassant, Pascale Yola", "Quintero, Karina", "Fuentes-Alabi, Soad", "Velasquez, Thelma", "Fu, Ligia", "Gamboa, Yessika", "Quintana, Juan", "Castiglioni, Mariela", "Nunez, Cesar", "Moreno, Arturo", "Luna-Fineman, Sandra", "Luciani, Silvana", "Chantada, Guillermo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437662", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467244, "title": "Delayed presentation of acute ischemic strokes during the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["Schirmer, Clemens M", "Ringer, Andrew J", "Arthur, Adam S", "Binning, Mandy J", "Fox, W Christopher", "James, Robert F", "Levitt, Michael R", "Tawk, Rabih G", "Veznedaroglu, Erol", "Walker, Melanie", "Spiotta, Alejandro M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467244", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted established care paths worldwide. Patient awareness of the pandemic and executive limitations imposed on public life have changed the perception of when to seek care for acute conditions in some cases. We sought to study whether there is a delay in presentation for acute ischemic stroke patients in the first month of the pandemic in the US. The interval between last-known-well (LKW) time and presentation of 710 consecutive patients presenting with acute ischemic strokes to 12 stroke centers across the US were extracted from a prospectively maintained quality database. We analyzed the timing and severity of the presentation in the baseline period from February to March 2019 and compared results with the timeframe of February and March 2020. There were 320 patients in the 2-month baseline period in 2019, there was a marked decrease in patients from February to March of 2020 (227 patients in February, and 163 patients in March). There was no difference in the severity of the presentation between groups and no difference in age between the baseline and the COVID period. The mean interval from LKW to the presentation was significantly longer in the COVID period (603\u00b11035\u2009min) compared with the baseline period (442\u00b1435\u2009min, P<0.02). We present data supporting an association between public awareness and limitations imposed on public life during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US and a delay in presentation for acute ischemic stroke patients to a stroke center."}, {"pmid": 32388159, "pmcid": "PMC7185006", "title": "COVID-19 and surface water quality: Improved lake water quality during the lockdown.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Yunus, Ali P", "Masago, Yoshifumi", "Hijioka, Yasuaki"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388159", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human life comes to a standstill as many countries shut themselves off from the work due to the novel coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) that hit the world severely in the first quarter of 2020. All types of industries, vehicle movement, and people's activity suddenly halted, perhaps for the first time in modern history. For a long time, it has been stated in various literature that the increased industrialization and anthropogenic activities in the last two decades polluted the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Since the industries and people's activities have been shut off for a month or more in many parts of the world, it is expected to show some improvement in the prevailing conditions in the aforementioned spheres of environment. Here, with the help of remote sensing images, this work quantitatively demonstrated the improvement in surface water quality in terms of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Vembanad Lake, the longest freshwater lake in India. The SPM estimated based on established turbidity algorithm from Landsat-8 OLI images showed that the SPM concentration during the lockdown period decreased by 15.9% on average (range: -10.3% to 36.4%, up to 8\u202fmg/l decrease) compared with the pre-lockdown period. Time series analysis of satellite image collections (April 2013 - April 2020) showed that the SPM quantified for April 2020 is the lowest for 11 out of 20 zones of the Vembanad lake. When compared with preceding years, the percentage decrease in SPM for April 2020 is up to 34% from the previous minima."}, {"pmid": 32425432, "pmcid": "PMC7220966", "title": "Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors and COVID-19: Potential Therapeutics Rather Than Perpetrators.", "journal": "Acta Cardiol Sin", "authors": ["Wang, Tzung-Dau"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425432", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452874, "pmcid": "PMC7268818", "title": "Thrombosis and coagulopathy in COVID-19 patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Yusuff, Hakeem", "Zochios, Vasileios", "Brodie, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452874", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484728, "title": "Rhinologic Practice Special Considerations During COVID-19: Visit Planning, Personal Protective Equipment, Testing, and Environmental Controls.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Howard, Brittany E", "Lal, Devyani"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484728", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As rhinologists return to practice amid SARS-CoV-2, special considerations are warranted given the unique features of their subspecialty. Rhinologist manipulation of nasal tissue, proximity, and frequent aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) create high risk for infection transmission. There are 4 areas of special consideration to mitigate risk: (1) previsit planning for risk stratification/mitigation, (2) appropriate personal protective equipment, (3) preprocedural testing, and (4) environmental controls. During previsit planning, risk factors of the patient and procedures are considered. High-risk AGPs are identified by duration, proximity, manipulation of high-viral load tissue, and use of powered instrumentation. Appropriate personal protective equipment includes selection of respiratory and eye protection. COVID-19 testing can screen for asymptomatic carriers prior to high-risk procedures; however, alternative testing methods are required in rhinologic patients not eligible for nasopharyngeal testing due to nasal obstruction or skull base defects. Last, AGPs in rhinologic practices require considerations of room air handling and environmental controls."}, {"pmid": 32461867, "pmcid": "PMC7243841", "title": "COVID-19 Implications on Clinical Clerkships and the Residency Application Process for Medical Students.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Akers, Allison", "Blough, Christian", "Iyer, Maya S"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461867", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant disruption to undergraduate medical education (UME). Although the immediate scheduling challenges are being addressed, there has been less discourse regarding how this pandemic will impact medical students in their preparation for and application to residency programs.\u00a0While some historical disasters and pandemics provide a loose precedent for UME response during COVID-19, the impact of the current pandemic has surpassed any other events.\u00a0COVID-19 will likely impact UME in the suspension of clinical rotations, alterations in grading, suspension or elimination of away rotations, changes in medical licensing exams, and ramifications on mental health.\u00a0This review assesses governing medical bodies' recommendations regarding UME during the COVID-19 pandemic and how this may impact preparation for residency.\u00a0In particular, residency programs will likely have to create new guidelines for assessing applicants during this unique cycle."}, {"pmid": 32525372, "title": "Psychological sequelae of social isolation and loneliness might be a larger problem in young adults than older adults.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Beam, Christopher R", "Kim, Alice J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525372", "countries": ["Sweden", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the spread of COVID-19 has led to global efforts to social distance, concerns about the negative psychological effects of social isolation and loneliness have grown. The purpose of this commentary is to draw attention to 2 populations across the life span at risk for the psychological sequelae of social isolation and loneliness: young adults and old-old adults. We present data from three population-based longitudinal studies from two nations (United States and Sweden) to support this view. We then provide recommendations for the prevention of loneliness during social distancing as well as after social distancing measures are eased through implementation of programs that match young adults with older adults to foster intergenerational connection and group-based psychotherapy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32460663, "title": "Access to later abortion in the United States during COVID-19: Challenges and recommendations from providers, advocates, and researchers.", "journal": "Sex Reprod Health Matters", "authors": ["Ruggiero, Samantha", "Brandi, Kristyn", "Mark, Alice", "Paul, Maureen", "Reeves, Matthew F", "Schalit, Odile", "Blanchard, Kelly", "Key, Katherine", "Chandrasekaran, Sruthi"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460663", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371745, "pmcid": "PMC7219858", "title": "Unexpected severe thrombocytopenia in the COVID-19 positive parturient.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Kim, Joon-Hyung", "Shrestha, Neela", "Girshin, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371745", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287814, "pmcid": "PMC7130980", "title": "A long overdue ban.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Vaughan, Adam"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287814", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an attempt to stem the spread of coronavirus, China has shut its wildlife markets for good. It is a welcome move, says Adam Vaughan."}, {"pmid": 32363428, "pmcid": "PMC7196177", "title": "Correction to: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes.", "journal": "Geroscience", "authors": ["Nikolich-Zugich, Janko", "Knox, Kenneth S", "Rios, Carlos Tafich", "Natt, Bhupinder", "Bhattacharya, Deepta", "Fain, Mindy J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363428", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The affiliation of the second author (Kenneth S. Knox) should have been Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA instead of Department of Medicine, University of Arizona-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA."}, {"pmid": 32389580, "pmcid": "PMC7198159", "title": "[Breast radiation therapy during COVID-19 outbreak: Practical advice].", "journal": "Cancer Radiother", "authors": ["Loap, P", "Kirova, Y", "Takanen, S", "Crehange, G", "Fourquet, A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389580", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275256, "title": "Vademecum for the treatment of people with COVID-19. Edition 2.0, 13 March 2020.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Lombardy Section Italian Society Infectious And Tropical Diseases, -"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275256", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of COVID-19 epidemic in Italy, and particularly in Lombardy determined the need to standardize the therapeutic approach in order to offer the same indications for all hospitals in Lombardy. However, no specific drug has been previously approved for the COVID-19 treatment. The Lombardy Section of the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases provided this \u00abvademecum\u00bb with the aim to explore the current evidence about the drugs likely to be efficacious in the treatment of COVID-19. Moreover, a multidisciplinary group including critical care specialists has been created in order to provide indications about supporting measures and the use of steroids. A new grading scale has been proposed to help patients' stratification according to the severity of the respiratory conditions. Lastly, a collaborating group with immunologists and rheumatologists has been built with the aim of providing some guidance about the use of tocilizumab, a promising option for the treatment of the hyperinflammatory state occurring in most patients affected by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32398215, "title": "Adapting a TB contact investigation strategy for COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis", "authors": ["Nguyen, T-A", "Cuong, Q N", "Kim, A L T", "Huong, T N", "Nguyen, H N", "Fox, G J", "Marks, G B"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398215", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530583, "title": "Neuropathological Features of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Solomon, Isaac H", "Normandin, Erica", "Bhattacharyya, Shamik", "Mukerji, Shibani S", "Keller, Kiana", "Ali, Ahya S", "Adams, Gordon", "Hornick, Jason L", "Padera, Robert F Jr", "Sabeti, Pardis"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530583", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504018, "title": "Scientists' worlds will shrink in the wake of the pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504018", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523148, "title": "Practice of Cardiology during COVID 19 pandemic. Recommendations of the Mexican Cardiology Community.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Sierra-Fernandez, Carlos R", "Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A", "Buendia-Hernandez, Alfonso"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32098422, "pmcid": "PMC7077191", "title": "Systematic Comparison of Two Animal-to-Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Xu, Jiabao", "Zhao, Shizhe", "Teng, Tieshan", "Abdalla, Abualgasim Elgaili", "Zhu, Wan", "Xie, Longxiang", "Wang, Yunlong", "Guo, Xiangqian"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32098422", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the world in 2003, human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been reported as pathogens that cause severe symptoms in respiratory tract infections. Recently, a new emerged HCoV isolated from the respiratory epithelium of unexplained pneumonia patients in the Wuhan seafood market caused a major disease outbreak and has been named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus causes acute lung symptoms, leading to a condition that has been named as \"coronavirus disease 2019\" (COVID-19). The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and of SARS-CoV caused widespread fear and concern and has threatened global health security. There are some similarities and differences in the epidemiology and clinical features between these two viruses and diseases that are caused by these viruses. The goal of this work is to systematically review and compare between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in the context of their virus incubation, originations, diagnosis and treatment methods, genomic and proteomic sequences, and pathogenic mechanisms."}, {"pmid": 32534188, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2): A global pandemic and treatments strategies.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Sharma, Atul", "Tiwari, Swapnil", "Deb, Manas Kanti", "Marty, Jean Louis"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534188", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence and rapid spread of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a potentially fatal disease is swiftly evolving public health crises worldwide. The origin of SARS-CoV-2 infection was first reported in people exposed to wet animal market in Wuhan City, China in December 2019. It was suggested that the infection is likely to be of zoonotic origin and transmitted to human through yet unknown intermediary. As of (22/05/2020), there are around 4,995,996 confirmed cases reported by WHO with 327,821 deaths. SARS-CoV-2 infection is transmitted via inhalation or direct contact of infected people's droplets. It has an incubation period ranging from 2 to 14 days or more. The rate of spread of SARS-CoV-2 is more than partially resembled coronavirus (SARS-CoV and MERS). The symptoms are similar to influenza like, breathlessness, sore throat and fatigue therefore, infected person is isolated and administrated with effective treatments. Infection is mild in most but in elderly (>50 years) and those with cardiac and respiratory disorder, it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multi organ failure. People with strong immunity or those developed herd immunity are asymptomatic. Fatality rate ranges to 3-4% on case basis. Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is recommended in respiratory secretions by special molecular tests like PCR, chest scan and common laboratory diagnosis. Currently, the existing treatment is essentially supportive and role of antiviral agents is yet to be established as there is no vaccination or therapy available. This review focuses on epidemiology, symptoms, transmission, pathogenesis, ongoing available treatments and future perspectives of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32464409, "pmcid": "PMC7236730", "title": "The temperature and regional climate effects on communitarian COVID-19 contagion in Mexico throughout phase 1.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Mendez-Arriaga, Fabiola"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464409", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the close relationship between the incidence of infectious diseases by epidemics and environmental conditions, this research explores the temperature, evaporation, precipitation and regional climate effects on the local transmission of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 inside 31 states and capital of Mexico since February 29 (national onset) to March 31, 2020. Statistical analysis was conducted to explore the association between the daily local COVID-19 confirmed positive cases (LCPC) and both climate characteristics and the daily weather reported by the regional meteorological stations. In this work, the local transmission ratio (LTR) was calculated with the regional LCPC divided by the number of the effective contagion days since regional onset in each state. The results showed a negative association between temperature (mean, max and min) and climate classification with both LCPC and LTR variables. The precipitation associated positively with LCPC and LTR. The associations between the climate classification with LCPC and LTR are statistically significant. The tropical climate (mean temperature around 25.95\u202f\u00b0C and mean precipitation around 8.74\u202fmm) delayed the regional onset. However, the regional onset in dry climates emerged earlier as consequence of the lower temperatures and higher precipitations (20.57\u202f\u00b0C and 20.87\u202fmm respectively) than the observed in the tropical climate. The fastest regional onsets were observed in tempered climates in states where the lowest temperatures and lowest precipitations were registered (19.65\u202f\u00b0C and 8.48\u202fmm respectively). Meteorological factors influenced the trend on the regional outbreaks in Mexican's states likely by the host predisposition and susceptibility during the cold winter season. In Mexico, the climate characteristics played a crucial role on the local infection during the phase 1 being the tempered regions (as Michoac\u00e1n, Jalisco, Puebla, etc.) more vulnerable than the dry (as Chihuahua, Durango or Zacatecas, etc.) or tropical areas (as Colima, Campeche, Morelos etc.)."}, {"pmid": 32317051, "pmcid": "PMC7175651", "title": "Potential lethal outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among the elderly in retirement homes and long-term facilities, France, March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Etard, Jean-Francois", "Vanhems, Philippe", "Atlani-Duault, Laetitia", "Ecochard, Rene"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317051", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Motivated by the potential devastating effect of a COVID-19 outbreak in retirement homes and long-term facilities for dependent elderly, we present the impact of worst-case scenarios in French institutions using a specific age structure and case-age fatality ratios. The death toll could equal the yearly death toll caused by seasonal influenza in those older than 65 years or could largely exceed that, depending on the final attack rate and proportion of infected institutions."}, {"pmid": 32052514, "pmcid": "PMC7169770", "title": "The COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Trop Med Int Health", "authors": ["Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P", "Meyer, Christian G"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32052514", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364936, "pmcid": "PMC7152911", "title": "Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection.", "journal": "Biosens Bioelectron", "authors": ["Cesewski, Ellen", "Johnson, Blake N"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364936", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent advances in electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are reviewed. Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are broadly reviewed in terms of transduction elements, biorecognition elements, electrochemical techniques, and biosensor performance. Transduction elements are discussed in terms of electrode material and form factor. Biorecognition elements for pathogen detection, including antibodies, aptamers, and imprinted polymers, are discussed in terms of availability, production, and immobilization approach. Emerging areas of electrochemical biosensor design are reviewed, including electrode modification and transducer integration. Measurement formats for pathogen detection are classified in terms of sample preparation and secondary binding steps. Applications of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of pathogens in food and water safety, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and bio-threat applications are highlighted. Future directions and challenges of electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are discussed, including wearable and conformal biosensors, detection of plant pathogens, multiplexed detection, reusable biosensors for process monitoring applications, and low-cost, disposable biosensors."}, {"pmid": 32393419, "title": "Recent advances of therapeutic targets and potential drugs of COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharmazie", "authors": ["Zhang, W", "Zhang, P", "Wang, G", "Cheng, W", "Chen, J", "Zhang, X"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393419", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, numerous cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the infection of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) have been confirmed in Wuhan, China. The outbreak of 2019-nCoV in China embodied a significant and urgent threat to global health. 2019-nCoV was a new, highly contagious coronavirus discovered following the outbreak of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The novel coronavirus can cause severe respiratory disease and even death. However, no specific therapeutic drugs have been developed clinically thus far. This article examines the potential of therapeutic drugs by assessing the structure of 2019-nCoV, its mechanism in invading host cells, and the anti-viral mechanism of the human autoimmune system. We also review the latest research regarding the progress of potential therapeutic drugs and provide references for new drug developments of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32318782, "pmcid": "PMC7171056", "title": "Key elements of preparedness for pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in nuclear medicine units.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Assadi, Majid", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali", "Jokar, Narges", "Keshavarz, Mohsen", "Picchio, Maria", "Seregni, Ettore", "Bombardieri, Emilio", "Chiti, Arturo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318782", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517687, "title": "COVID-19 cancer conundrum-evidence driving decisions or the lack of it?", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Joharatnam-Hogan, Nalinie", "Khan, Khurum"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517687", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488925, "title": "Hand Eczema Pandemic Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Hygiene Measures: The Setup of a Hand Eczema Helpline for Hospital Personnel.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Greveling, K", "Kunkeler, A C M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488925", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hand eczema, also known as hand dermatitis, often results from a combination of causes, including genetics (atopic constitution), irritating substances and contact allergens. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As current evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through contaminated hands, the World Health Organization recommends frequent handwashing with soap and water, or hand-rubbing with an alcohol based hand rub."}, {"pmid": 32205354, "title": "Clinical trials suspended in UK to prioritise covid-19 studies and free up staff.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Thornton, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205354", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457068, "title": "Covid-19 and acute kidney injury in hospital: summary of NICE guidelines.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Selby, Nicholas M", "Forni, Lui G", "Laing, Christopher M", "Horne, Kerry L", "Evans, Rhys Dr", "Lucas, Bethany J", "Fluck, Richard J"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457068", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32096567, "pmcid": "PMC7228250", "title": "Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Pengfei", "Lu, Xiaosheng", "Xu, Chao", "Sun, Wenjuan", "Pan, Bo"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096567", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a series of unexplained pneumonia cases have been reported in Wuhan, China. On 12 January\u00a02020, the World Health Organization (WHO) temporarily named this new virus as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). On 11 February\u00a02020, the WHO officially named the disease caused by the 2019-nCoV as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The COVID-19 epidemic is spreading all over the world, especially in China. Based on the published evidence, we systematically discuss the characteristics of COVID-19 in the hope of providing a reference for future studies and help for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32348641, "pmcid": "PMC7204427", "title": "Covid-19 in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases - Case Series from New York.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Haberman, Rebecca", "Axelrad, Jordan", "Chen, Alan", "Castillo, Rochelle", "Yan, Di", "Izmirly, Peter", "Neimann, Andrea", "Adhikari, Samrachana", "Hudesman, David", "Scher, Jose U"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348641", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529643, "title": "Mechanisms and evidence of vertical transmission of infections in pregnancy including SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Prenat Diagn", "authors": ["Mahyuddin, A P", "Kanneganti, A", "Wong, Jlj", "Dimri, P Sharma", "Su, L L", "Biswas, A", "Illanes, S E", "Mattar, Cnz", "Huang, Ry-J", "Choolani, M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529643", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There remain unanswered questions concerning mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of SARS-CoV-2. Despite reports of neonatal COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 has not been consistently isolated in perinatal samples thus, definitive proof of transplacental infection is still lacking. To address these questions, we assessed investigative tools used to confirm maternal-fetal infection and known protective mechanisms of the placental barrier that prevent transplacental pathogen migration. Forty studies of COVID-19 pregnancies reviewed suggest a lack of consensus on diagnostic strategy for congenital infection. While RT-PCR of neonatal swabs was universally performed, a wide range of clinical samples was screened including vaginal secretions (22.5%), amniotic fluid (35%), breast milk (22.5%) and umbilical cord blood. Neonatal COVID-19 was reported in eight studies, two of which were based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgM in neonatal blood. Histological examination demonstrated sparse viral particles, vascular malperfusion and inflammation in the placenta from pregnant women with COVID-19. The paucity of placental co-expression of ACE-2 and TMPRSS2, two receptors involved in cytoplasmic entry of SARS-CoV-2, may explain its relative insensitivity to transplacental infection. Viral interactions may utilise membrane receptors other than ACE-2 thus, tissue susceptibility may be broader than currently known. Further spatial-temporal studies are needed to determine the true potential for transplacental migration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32238956, "title": "COVID-19: One world, one health.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Jorgensen, Hannah Joan", "Neves, Carlos das"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238956", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434874, "title": "Elevated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide is associated with increased mortality in patients with COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Pranata, Raymond", "Huang, Ian", "Lukito, Antonia Anna", "Raharjo, Sunu Budhi"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434874", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Systematic literature search from several electronic databases were performed. The outcome was mortality (non-survivor) in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. NT-proBNP data were in continuous variable (pg/mL), dichotomous data (elevated/non-elevated) and effect estimate adjusted to cardiac injury/elevated biomarkers of cardiac injury. A total of 967 patients from six studies were included in this analysis. NT-proBNP was higher in non-survivor group (standardised mean difference 0.75 (0.44, 1.07), p<0.001; I2: 61%). Elevated NT-proBNP was associated with increased mortality (RR 3.63 (92.21, 5.95), p<0.001; I2: 60%). Sensitivity analysis by removing a study reduces heterogeneity (risk ratio 3.47 (2.36, 5.11), p<0.001; I2: 49%). Pooled adjusted HR (adjusted to cardiac injury/elevated biomarkers of cardiac injury) showed that elevated NT-proBNP was independently associated with mortality (HR 1.37 (1.19, 1.57), p<0.001; I2: 0%, p=0.77). Pooled analysis of multiple cut-off point resulted in a sensitivity of 76% (46%-92%) and specificity of 88% (71%-96%). Summary receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrates an area under curve of 0.90 (0.87-0.93). Elevated NT-proBNP has a likelihood ratio (LR) +6.4\u2009and LR -0.3. Elevated NT-proBNP level was associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32283499, "pmcid": "PMC7144598", "title": "Comorbidities in COVID-19: Outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Gupta, Ritesh", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283499", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is already a pandemic. Emerging data suggest an increased association and a heightened mortality in patients of COVID-19 with comorbidities. We aimed to evaluate the outcome in hypertensive patients with COVID-19 and its relation to the use of renin-angiotensin system blockers (RASB). We have systematically searched the medical database up to March 27, 2020 and retrieved all the published articles in English language related to our topic using MeSH key words. From the pooled data of all ten available Chinese studies (n\u00a0=\u00a02209) that have reported the characteristics of comorbidities in patients with COVID-19, hypertension was present in nearly 21%, followed by diabetes in nearly 11%, and established cardiovascular disease (CVD) in approximately 7% of patients. Although the emerging data hints to an increase in mortality in COVID-19 patients with known hypertension, diabetes and CVD, it should be noted that it was not adjusted for multiple confounding factors. Harm or benefit in COVID-19 patients receiving RASB has not been typically assessed in these studies yet, although mechanistically and plausibly both, benefit and harm is possible with these agents, given that COVID-19 expresses to tissues through the receptor of angiotensin converting enzyme-2. Special attention is definitely required in patients with COVID-19 with associated comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes and established CVD. Although the role of RASB has a mechanistic equipoise, patients with COVID-19 should not stop these drugs at this point of time, as recommended by various world organizations and without the advice of health care provider."}, {"pmid": 32335668, "pmcid": "PMC7188114", "title": "Letter: COVID-19 Pandemic: Safety Precautions for Stereotactic Radiosurgery.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Liaw, Jeffrey", "Patel, Vijay A", "Bann, Darrin V", "Saadi, Robert A", "Mau, Christine", "Brettler, Sandi", "Tuanquin, Leonard", "Zacharia, Brad E", "Isildak, Huseyin"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335668", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422375, "pmcid": "PMC7211669", "title": "Do superspreaders generate new superspreaders? A hypothesis to explain the propagation pattern of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Beldomenico, Pablo M"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422375", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current global propagation of COVID-19 is heterogeneous, with slow transmission continuing in many countries and exponential propagation in others, where the time that it took for the explosive spread to begin varied greatly. It is proposed that this could be explained by cascading superspreading events, in which new infections caused by a superspreader are more likely to be highly infectious. The mechanism suggested for this is related to viral loads. Exposure to high viral loads may result in high-intensity infection, which exposes new cases to high viral loads. This notion is supported by experimental veterinary research."}, {"pmid": 32475616, "pmcid": "PMC7203019", "title": "Clinical challenges in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients who suffered SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Figueira Goncalves, Juan Marco", "Golpe, Rafael"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475616", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517160, "title": "A Preliminary Investigation on the Statistical Correlations between SARS-CoV-2 Spread and Local Meteorology.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Passerini, Giorgio", "Mancinelli, Enrico", "Morichetti, Mauro", "Virgili, Simone", "Rizza, Umberto"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517160", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The statistical correlation between meteorological parameters and the spread of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) was investigated in five provinces of Italy selected according to the number of infected individuals and the different trends of infection in the early stages of the epidemic: Bergamo and Brescia showed some of the highest trends of infections while nearby Cremona and Mantova, showed lower trends. Pesaro-Urbino province was included for further investigation as it was comparably affected by the epidemic despite being the area far from the Po valley. Moving means of the variables were considered to take into account the variability of incubation periods and uncertainties in the epidemiological data. The same analyzes were performed normalizing the number of new daily cases based on the number of checks performed. For each province, the moving mean of adjusted and unadjusted new daily cases were independently plotted versus each meteorological parameter, and linear regressions were determined in the period from 29th of February 2020 to 29th of March 2020. Strong positive correlations were observed between new cases and temperatures within three provinces representing 86.5% of the contagions. Strong negative correlations were observed between the moving means of new cases and relative humidity values for four provinces and more than 90% of the contagions."}, {"pmid": 32410502, "title": "First comprehensive computational analysis of functional consequences of TMPRSS2 SNPs in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 among different populations.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Paniri, Alireza", "Hosseini, Mohammad Mahdi", "Akhavan-Niaki, Haleh"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410502", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current SARS-CoV-2 pandemy mortality created the hypothesis that some populations may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. TMPRSS2 encodes a transmembrane serine protease which plays a crucial role in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TMPRSS2 might influence SARS-CoV2 entry into the cell. This study aimed to investigate the impact of SNPs on TMPRSS2 function and structure. In silico tools such as Ensembl, Gtex, ExPASY 2, GEPIA, CCLE, KEGG and GO were engaged to characterize TMPRSS2 and its expression profile. The functional effects of SNPs were analyzed by PolyPhen-2, PROVEN, SNAP2, SIFT and HSF. Also, Phyre2, GOR IV and PSIPRED were used to predict the secondary structure of TMPRSS2. Moreover, post-translational modification (PTM) and secretory properties were analyzed through Modpredand Phobius, respectively. Finally, miRNA profiles were investigated by PolymiRTS and miRSNPs. Out of 11,184 retrieved SNPs from dbSNP, 92 showed a different frequency between Asians and other populations. Only 21 SNPs affected the function and structure of TMPRSS2 by influencing the protein folding, PTM, splicing and miRNA function. Particularly, rs12329760 may create a de novo pocket protein. rs875393 can create a donor site, silencer and broken enhancer motifs. rs12627374 affects a wide spectrum of miRNAs profile. This study highlighted the role of TMPRSS2 SNPs and epigenetic mechanisms especially non-coding RNAs in appearance of different susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 among different populations. Also, this study could pave the way to potential therapeutic implication of TMPRSS2 in designing antiviral drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32517769, "title": "Histopathology of COVID-19 pneumonia in two non-oncological, non-hospitalised cases as a reliable diagnostic benchmark.", "journal": "Diagn Pathol", "authors": ["Scendoni, Roberto", "Marchesani, Francesca", "Cannovo, Nunzia", "Fedeli, Piergiorgio", "Cingolani, Mariano"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517769", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In lung cancer patients infected with COVID-19, pathological features are not easy to distinguish. This report presents detailed histopathological findings in two non-neoplastic subjects whose out-of-hospital deaths were caused by COVID-19 infection. These 'pure' cases differ in the time of presentation of symptoms, the phase of lung anatomopathological patterns (acute lung injury versus diffuse alveolar damage) and the mechanism of death. The results provide a valid diagnostic benchmark for evaluating the evolution of COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32528616, "pmcid": "PMC7266477", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on bone marrow transplantation in Morocco.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Ahnach, Maryame", "Doghmi, Kamal"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528616", "countries": ["Morocco"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205272, "pmcid": "PMC7270647", "title": "COVID-19: Active measures to support community-dwelling older adults.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kuwahara, Keisuke", "Kuroda, Ai", "Fukuda, Yoshiharu"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488448, "pmcid": "PMC7266121", "title": "Enhancing safety of laparoscopic surgery in COVID-19 era: clinical experience with low-cost filtration devices.", "journal": "Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Zago, Mauro", "Uranues, Selman", "Chiarelli, Marco Enoc", "Grandi, Samuele", "Fumagalli, Luca Andrea", "Tavola, Mario", "Chiarugi, Massimo", "Mariani, Diego", "Wienerroither, Valerie", "Kurihara, Hayato", "Fingerhut, Abe"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488448", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Surgery in the era of the current COVID-19 pandemic has been curtailed and restricted to emergency and certain oncological indications, and requires special attention concerning the safety of patients and health care personnel. Desufflation during or after laparoscopic surgery has been reported to entail a potential risk of contamination from 2019-nCoV through the aerosol generated during dissection and/or use of energy-driven devices. In order to protect the operating room staff, it is vital to filter the released aerosol. The assemblage of two easily available and low-cost filter systems to prevent potential dissemination of Coronavirus via the aerosol is described. Forty-nine patients underwent laparoscopic surgeries with the use of one of the two described tools, both of which proved to be effective in smoke evacuation, without affecting laparoscopic visualization. The proposed systems are cost-effective, easily assembled and reproducible, and provide complete viral filtration during intra- and postoperative release of CO2."}, {"pmid": 32220020, "title": "What dermatologists could do to cope with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a dermatologist's perspective from China.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Zhang, H", "Tang, K", "Fang, R", "Sun, Q"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220020", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292248, "pmcid": "PMC7118609", "title": "NetNCSP: Nonoverlapping closed sequential pattern mining.", "journal": "Knowl Based Syst", "authors": ["Wu, Youxi", "Zhu, Changrui", "Li, Yan", "Guo, Lei", "Wu, Xindong"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292248", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sequential pattern mining (SPM) has been applied in many fields. However, traditional SPM neglects the pattern repetition in sequence. To solve this problem, gap constraint SPM was proposed and can avoid finding too many useless patterns. Nonoverlapping SPM, as a branch of gap constraint SPM, means that any two occurrences cannot use the same sequence letter in the same position as the occurrences. Nonoverlapping SPM can make a balance between efficiency and completeness. The frequent patterns discovered by existing methods normally contain redundant patterns. To reduce redundant patterns and improve the mining performance, this paper adopts the closed pattern mining strategy and proposes a complete algorithm, named Nettree for Nonoverlapping Closed Sequential Pattern (NetNCSP) based on the Nettree structure. NetNCSP is equipped with two key steps, support calculation and closeness determination. A backtracking strategy is employed to calculate the nonoverlapping support of a pattern on the corresponding Nettree, which reduces the time complexity. This paper also proposes three kinds of pruning strategies, inheriting, predicting, and determining. These pruning strategies are able to find the redundant patterns effectively since the strategies can predict the frequency and closeness of the patterns before the generation of the candidate patterns. Experimental results show that NetNCSP is not only more efficient but can also discover more closed patterns with good compressibility. Furtherly, in biological experiments NetNCSP mines the closed patterns in SARS-CoV-2 and SARS viruses. The results show that the two viruses are of similar pattern composition with different combinations."}, {"pmid": 32382246, "pmcid": "PMC7196038", "title": "Costs vs benefits of tackling COVID-19.", "journal": "PharmacoEcon Outcomes News", "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382246", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491087, "title": "PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL CARE IN A NEONATAL UNIT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.", "journal": "Rev Paul Pediatr", "authors": ["Morsch, Denise Streit", "Custodio, Zaira Aparecida de Oliveira", "Lamy, Zeni Carvalho"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491087", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270760, "pmcid": "PMC7190394", "title": "Treatment concerns for psychiatric symptoms in patients with COVID-19 with or without psychiatric disorders.", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Zhang, Kai", "Zhou, Xiaoqin", "Liu, Huanzhong", "Hashimoto, Kenji"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270760", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many psychiatric patients have been infected with COVID-19, and patients with COVID-19 may develop psychiatric symptoms after treatment with antiviral drugs. Given the tolerability and minimal P450 interactions, antidepressants (i.e., citalopram, escitalopram etc.), antipsychotics (i.e., olanzapine) and valproate can be considered to be safe in combination with antiviral drugs."}, {"pmid": 32324099, "pmcid": "PMC7233404", "title": "Pulmonary, Cerebral, and Renal Thromboembolic Disease Associated with COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Lushina, Nadia", "Kuo, John S", "Shaikh, Hamza A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324099", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447048, "pmcid": "PMC7242209", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 persisted in lung tissue despite disappearance in other clinical samples.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Zhao, Y", "Xia, Z", "Liang, W", "Li, J", "Liu, L", "Huang, D", "Xu, X", "He, J"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447048", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388178, "pmcid": "PMC7203023", "title": "Psychosis in a patient with anxiety related to COVID-19: A case report.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Huarcaya-Victoria, Jeff", "Herrera, Dwight", "Castillo, Claudia"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388178", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524609, "title": "COVID-19 in Australian health care workers: early experience of the Royal Melbourne Hospital emphasises the importance of community acquisition.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Muhi, Stephen", "Irving, Louis B", "Buising, Kirsty L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524609", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348469, "pmcid": "PMC7197526", "title": "Laboratory information system requirements to manage the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from the Belgian national reference testing center.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Weemaes, Matthias", "Martens, Steven", "Cuypers, Lize", "Van Elslande, Jan", "Hoet, Katrien", "Welkenhuysen, Joris", "Goossens, Ria", "Wouters, Stijn", "Houben, Els", "Jeuris, Kirsten", "Laenen, Lies", "Bruyninckx, Katrien", "Beuselinck, Kurt", "Andre, Emmanuel", "Depypere, Melissa", "Desmet, Stefanie", "Lagrou, Katrien", "Van Ranst, Marc", "Verdonck, Ann K L C", "Goveia, Jermaine"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348469", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the development, implementation and requirements of laboratory information system (LIS) functionality to manage test ordering, registration, sample flow, and result reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our large (>12,000,000 tests/year) academic hospital laboratory is the Belgian National Reference Center (NRC) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing. We performed a moving total of\u2009>\u200925,000 SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests in parallel to standard routine testing since the start of the outbreak. A LIS implementation team dedicated to develop tools to remove the bottlenecks, primarily situated in the pre- and post-analytical phase, was established early in the crisis. We outline the design, implementation and requirements of LIS functionality related to managing increased test demand during the COVID-19 crisis, including tools for test ordering, standardized order sets integrated into a computerized provider order entry module, notifications on shipping requirements, automated triaging based on digital metadata forms, and the establishment of databases with contact details of other laboratories and primary care physicians to enable automated reporting. We also describe our approach to data mining and reporting of actionable daily summary statistics to governing bodies and other policymakers. Rapidly developed, agile extendable LIS functionality and its meaningful use alleviates the administrative burden on laboratory personnel and improves turn-around-time of SARS-CoV-2 testing. It will be important to maintain an environment that is conducive for the rapid adoption of meaningful LIS tools post-COVID crisis."}, {"pmid": 32467204, "pmcid": "PMC7241915", "title": "Chronic non-communicable diseases: a sacrifice on the altar of COVID-19?", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Domeyer, Philippe", "Katsari, Vasiliki", "Mariolis, Anargiros"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303418, "pmcid": "PMC7151243", "title": "More clinical warning indicators should be explored for monitoring COVID-19 patients' condition.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Yang, Chaojun", "Yang, Jian", "Zhang, Jing", "Yang, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303418", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391242, "pmcid": "PMC7205603", "title": "A Precision Medicine Approach to SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Management.", "journal": "Curr Treat Options Allergy", "authors": ["Crisci, Carlos D", "Ardusso, Ledit R F", "Mossuz, Antonela", "Muller, Leila"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391242", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Precision medicine (PM) represents a new paradigm in disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. To apply PM premises in an emerging coronavirus pandemic acquires potentially greater relevance in order to allow the selection of specific preventive measures as well as biomarkers that will be useful in disease management. The identification of the new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had led to a plethora of strategies to contain viral dissemination, affecting life styles and personal behaviors. Viral genomic sequencing has shown that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) found on ciliated epithelial cells of the human lungs as its specific receptor. Neutralizing antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein were detected in patients recovered from COVID-19; however, both T cells and NK cells were reduced in severe cases. Excessive and uncontrolled releases of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1B, IL-1RA, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF\u03b1) were increased in severe patients. These cytokines might be useful biomarkers of disease worsening and potential targets for new biological therapies currently under investigation. Present knowledge and recent developments in PM approach to COVID-19 disease prevention, evaluation, and management are pointed out. Better understanding of pathogenic pathways together with an accurate phenotype classification of patients presented with SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptoms might contribute to a more accurate definition of biomarkers and other diagnostic tools, which may lead to more precise mitigation strategies, personalized pharmacologic options, as well as new biological therapy developments."}, {"pmid": 32357275, "pmcid": "PMC7267566", "title": "Strategies for prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease in the department of kidney transplantation.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Li, Yurong", "Yang, Ning", "Li, Xiaoxiao", "Wang, Junpeng", "Yan, Tianzhong"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357275", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To summarize measures for the prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the department of kidney transplantation. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of outpatients and inpatients in the department of kidney transplantation from January 20 to March 1, 2020, and followed up the in-home kidney transplant recipients and those waiting for kidney transplantation through the Internet platform. Our department had formulated detailed prevention and control measures, mainly including kidney transplant outpatient management, kidney transplantation ward management, management of kidney transplant surgery, dialysis management of patients waiting for kidney transplantation, personal protection of medical staff, and follow-up management of discharged patients after kidney transplantation. During the epidemic period, there were no COVID-19 cases among 68 outpatient examined kidney transplant recipients, 32 hospitalized kidney transplant recipients, 19 patients waiting for kidney transplantation in hospital, and 30 medical staff. There were no COVID-19 cases among 160 follow-up recipients after kidney transplantation and 60 patients waiting for kidney transplantation. During the epidemic period, we implemented strict prevention and control measures and adjusted working methods and procedures to ensure safe and orderly work of the department."}, {"pmid": 32449640, "title": "Reaching older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic through social networks and Social Security Schemes in Ghana: Lessons for considerations.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Arthur-Holmes, Francis", "Agyemang-Duah, Williams"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449640", "countries": ["Ghana"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Throughout the world, the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has exposed the older population to health, social and financial risks. With the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on social security schemes and individuals' income, dependent older people's needs are critically at stake. Like other developing countries, older people in Ghana need to rely on their social networks through family ties, friends and social organisations for support. Also, there is the need for social security institutions, including the Social Security and National insurance Trust, to make provisions for older people aged 50+ to receive part of their pension package to meet their basic needs during the pandemic. In a period like this, social services are required as older people may need practical support in terms of having someone to run errands for them. However, government should improve social intervention package, particularly the livelihood empowerment against poverty grant for older adults with very low income in order to enhance their living conditions."}, {"pmid": 32349045, "pmcid": "PMC7188062", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Cardiac Electrophysiology: Guidance Protocol From a UK Tertiary Cardiac Centre.", "journal": "Crit Pathw Cardiol", "authors": ["Katsaras, Dimitrios", "Chalil, Shajil", "Abozguia, Khalid"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349045", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019 the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in more than 2160000 positive cases and more than 145000 deaths until 18 April 2020. The pressure to the health services worldwide has been unprecedented.The redeployment of staff and resources to treat more efficiently COVID-19 cases along with the need to reduce disease transmission has affected the field of electrophysiology among many others.Amendments to clinical pathways are obligatory in this perspective to continue to provide the necessary health services to the people who need them while at the same time infection control and prevention are not compromised by inadvertent disease transmission or unnecessary use of resources.We aim to providea guide of the logistic aspects of electrophysiology procedures derived fromour Tertiary Cardiac Centre duringthe current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32440660, "pmcid": "PMC7211430", "title": "Analysis of Maternal Coronavirus Infections and Neonates Born to Mothers with 2019-nCoV; a Systematic Review.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Muhidin, Salut", "Behboodi Moghadam, Zahra", "Vizheh, Maryam"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440660", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence and fast spread of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) threatens the world as a new public health crisis. This study aimed to clarify the impact of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on pregnant patients and maternal and neonatal outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Science Direct. All studies including original data; case reports, case series, descriptive and observational studies, and randomized controlled trials were searched from December 2019 until 19 March 2020. The search identified 1472 results and 939 abstracts were screened. 928 articles were excluded because studies did not include pregnant women. Full texts of eleven relevant studies were reviewed and finally nine studies were included in this study. The characteristics of 89 pregnant women and their neonates were studied. Results revealed that low-grade fever and cough were the principal symptoms in all patients. The main reported laboratory findings were lymphopenia, elevated C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Amino alanine transferase (ALT), and Aspartate amino transferase (AST). In all symptomatic cases, chest Computerized Tomography (CT) scans were abnormal. Fetal distress, premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor were the main prenatal complications. Two women needed intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation, one of whom developed multi-organ dysfunction and was on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO). No case of maternal death was reported up to the time the studies were published. 79 mothers delivered their babies by cesarean section and five women had a vaginal delivery. No fetal infection through intrauterine vertical transmission was reported. Available data showed that pregnant patients in late pregnancy had clinical manifestations similar to non-pregnant adults. It appears that the risk of fetal distress, preterm delivery and prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) rises with the onset of COVID-19 in the third trimester of pregnancy. There is also no evidence of intrauterine and transplacental transmission of COVID-19 to the fetus in the third trimester of pregnancies."}, {"pmid": 32402107, "pmcid": "PMC7272828", "title": "Letter: low population mortality from COVID-19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Mansur, Jose L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402107", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522866, "title": "Leveraging video telehealth for the transitional pain service in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Hunter, Oluwatobi O", "Mariano, Edward R", "Harrison, T Kyle"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522866", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388248, "pmcid": "PMC7200326", "title": "COVID-19: The environmental implications of shedding SARS-CoV-2 in human faeces.", "journal": "Environ Int", "authors": ["Quilliam, Richard S", "Weidmann, Manfred", "Moresco, Vanessa", "Purshouse, Heather", "O'Hara, Zoe", "Oliver, David M"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388248", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508438, "pmcid": "PMC7269301", "title": "COVID - 19 fact sheet for the dental professional.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Pathol", "authors": ["Ranganathan, Kannan", "Smitha, T"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508438", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502397, "pmcid": "PMC7271860", "title": "What Is Cell Stem Cell Doing to Support the Global Stem Cell Community during the COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Cell Stem Cell", "authors": ["Chari, Sheila", "Rajan, Prithi", "Saxe, Jon", "Wang, Quan"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502397", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343514, "pmcid": "PMC7173088", "title": "Staffing with disease-based epidemiologic indices may reduce shortage of intensive care unit staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Mascha, Edward J", "Schober, Patrick", "Schefold, Joerg C", "Stueber, Frank", "Luedi, Markus M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343514", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare worker (HCW) safety is of pivotal importance during a pandemic such as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and employee health and well-being ensures functionality of healthcare institutions. This is particularly true for an intensive care unit (ICU) where highly specialized staff cannot be readily replaced. In the light of lacking evidence for optimal staffing models in a pandemic, we hypothesized that staff shortage can be reduced when staff scheduling takes the epidemiology of a disease epidemic into account. Various staffing models were constructed and comprehensive statistical modeling performed. A typical, routine staffing model was defined that assumed full-time employment (40 hours/week) in a 40 bed ICU with a 2:1 ratio of patients to staff. The pandemic model assumed staff worked 12-hour shifts for 7 days every other week. Potential in-hospital staff infections were constructed for a total period of 120 days with a probability of 10%, 25%, and 40% being infected per week when at work. Simulations included the probability of infection at work for a given week, of fatality once infected, and the quarantine time, if infected. Pandemic-adjusted staffing significantly reduced workforce shortage and the effect progressively increased as the probability of infection increased. Maximum effects were observed at week 4 for each infection probability with a 17%, 32%, and 38% staffing reduction for an infection probability of 0.10, 0.25, and 0.40, respectively. Staffing along epidemiologic considerations may reduce HCW shortage by leveling the nadir from affected workforce. Although this requires considerable efforts and commitment of staff, it may be essential in an effort to best maintain staff health and operational functionality of healthcare facilities and systems."}, {"pmid": 32358689, "pmcid": "PMC7194501", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak in Italy: experimental chest X-ray scoring system for quantifying and monitoring disease progression.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Borghesi, Andrea", "Maroldi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358689", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new virus recently isolated from humans. SARS-CoV-2 was discovered to be the pathogen responsible for a cluster of pneumonia cases associated with severe respiratory disease that occurred in December 2019 in China. This novel pulmonary infection, formally called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread rapidly in China and beyond. On 8 March 2020, the number of Italians with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 7375 with a 48% hospitalization rate. At present, chest-computed tomography imaging is considered the most effective method for the detection of lung abnormalities in early-stage disease and quantitative assessment of severity and progression of COVID-19 pneumonia. Although chest X-ray (CXR) is considered not sensitive for the detection of pulmonary involvement in the early stage of the disease, we believe that, in the current emergency setting, CXR can be a useful diagnostic tool for monitoring the rapid progression of lung abnormalities in infected patients, particularly in intensive care units. In this short communication, we present our experimental CXR scoring system that we are applying to hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia to quantify and monitor the severity and progression of this new infectious disease. We also present the results of our preliminary validation study on a sample of 100 hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection for whom the final outcome (recovery or death) was available."}, {"pmid": 32336317, "pmcid": "PMC7196187", "title": "COVID-19: an update on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.", "journal": "BMB Rep", "authors": ["Iyer, Mahalaxmi", "Jayaramayya, Kaavya", "Subramaniam, Mohana Devi", "Lee, Soo Bin", "Dayem, Ahmed Abdal", "Cho, Ssang-Goo", "Vellingiri, Balachandar"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336317", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The unexpected pandemic set off by the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has caused severe panic among people worldwide. COVID-19 has created havoc, and scientists and physicians are urged to test the efficiency and safety of drugs used to treat this disease. In such a pandemic situation, various steps have been taken by the government to control and prevent the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2). This pandemic situation has forced scientists to rework strategies to combat infectious diseases through drugs, treatment, and control measures. COVID-19 treatment requires both limiting viral multiplication and neutralizing tissue damage induced by an inappropriate immune reaction. Currently, various diagnostic kits to test for COVID-19 are available, and repurposing therapeutics for COVID-19 has shown to be clinically effective. As the global demand for diagnostics and therapeutics continues to rise, it is essential to rapidly develop various algorithms to successfully identify and contain the virus. This review discusses the updates on specimens/samples, recent efficient diagnostics, and therapeutic approaches to control the disease and repurposed drugs mainly focusing on chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and convalescent plasma (CP). More research is required for further understanding of the influence of diagnostics and therapeutic approaches to develop vaccines and drugs for COVID-19. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(4): 191-205]."}, {"pmid": 32500858, "title": "Serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the general adult population: possible implications for anti-IL-6 therapy in SARS-Cov-2 infection and IL-6-related diseases.", "journal": "J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Alende-Castro, V", "Alonso-Sampedro, M", "Gude, F", "Gonzalez-Quintela, A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500858", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414972, "title": "Vet nurse consultations could help financial recovery from Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414972", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530389, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection of the nervous system: A review of the literature on neurological involvement in novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Bosn J Basic Med Sci", "authors": ["Payus, Alvin Oliver", "Liew Sat Lin, Constance", "Mohd Noh, Malehah", "Jeffree, Mohammad Saffree", "Ali, Raymond Azman"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530389", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is believed to have emerged from an animal source and has been spreading rapidly among humans. Recent evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 exhibits neurotropic properties and causes neurological diseases. Here we review the literature on neurological involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infections and the possible mechanisms of invasion of the nervous system by this virus, to provide a summary and critical analysis of the early reporting of neurological involvement in COVID-19. An exhaustive search of scientific articles on neurological involvement in COVID-19 was performed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline/PubMed, and several other databases. Nineteen relevant articles that had been published or were in preprint were carefully selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on our research, we found that patients with COVID-19 can present with neurological symptoms that can be broadly divided into central nervous system involvement, such as headache, dizziness, altered mental state, and disorientation, and peripheral nervous system involvement, such as anosmia and hypogeusia. Most of these patients are in the older age group and exhibit comorbidities, especially hypertension, and severe infection. In extreme presentations of COVID-19, some patients exhibit seizures, stroke, flaccid paraparesis, corticospinal weakness, and even coma. Moreover, the neurological manifestations can occur independently of the respiratory system. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause multiple neurological syndromes in a more complex presentation. Therefore, this review elucidated the involvement of the nervous system in SARS-CoV-2 infection and will hopefully help improve the management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32311759, "pmcid": "PMC7264515", "title": "A process for daily checks when using anaesthetic machines to ventilate the lungs of COVID-19 patients: the 'domino switch' technique.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Greig, P R", "Dixson, T", "McCorkell, S"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311759", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453483, "pmcid": "PMC7267082", "title": "COVID-19 in an HIV-positive Kidney Transplant Recipient.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kumar, Rebecca N", "Tanna, Sajal D", "Shetty, Aneesha A", "Stosor, Valentina"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453483", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of a 50-year-old male with a history of HIV and kidney transplant who presented with SARS-CoV-2. We also present a review of COVID-19 cases in kidney transplant recipients."}, {"pmid": 32307519, "pmcid": "PMC7188158", "title": "Documented early circulation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Florida, USA, since February 2020.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Miglietta, Alessandro", "Levi, Miriam"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307519", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this Update, we document the circulation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Florida, USA, since February 2020. On 8th March 2020, a confirmed case of COVID-19 was notified to the Health Authority of Central Tuscany, Florence, Italy. The patient developed symptoms on 3rd March while staying in Miami where he arrived on 12th February. The case returned to Italy on 6th March and was admitted to a local hospital of Florence on 7th March with fever (38.2\u00b0C/100.4\u00b0F), cough and breathing difficulties. First COVID-19 cases in Florida where confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on 2nd March as imported cases. Therefore, this event documents COVID-19 circulation in Florida at least since mid-February 2020."}, {"pmid": 32418732, "pmcid": "PMC7211694", "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during pregnancy: What do we know?", "journal": "Therapie", "authors": ["Lacroix, Isabelle", "Benevent, Justine", "Damase-Michel, Christine"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418732", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368424, "pmcid": "PMC7193226", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Medical Education.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Ferrel, Meganne N", "Ryan, John J"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368424", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the wake of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, it is abundantly clear to all the necessity of studying the pathology and widespread health consequences associated with the virus. However, what is much less clear is the impact of COVID-19 on medical education. Already, faculty and medical students are grappling with the changes that have been made and attempting to consolidate these with their plan of career development. Changes that may seem relatively minor in comparison to the global pandemic have the potential to be drastic turning points in the career progression of many. As not much is known regarding the long-lasting impact of COVID-19 on medical education, it is therefore also necessary to record and study the full impact of the changes being made. The path to entering a successful residency has been predictable for the last few years - do well on Step 1, give conference presentations, go the extra mile in clerkships and shadowing opportunities, and have meaningful non-academic extracurricular activities - all of which designed to best demonstrate a student's knowledge, persistence, collaborative spirit, and dedication to medicine. This trajectory has been changed with COVID-19 disrupting routines in hospitals, medical schools and beyond. The replacement of in-person classes with online equivalents\u00a0is an obvious necessity at this time but creates a loss of collaborative experiences that has the potential to be a significant detriment to education. Likewise, the cancellation of clerkships, which are necessary for both skill acquisition as well as for relationship building, is a serious issue which students and medical schools must now resolve. Many medical students have also lost the opportunity for personal development through conference presentations. These presentations play a large role in distinguishing applicants during the residency application process, and therefore these lost opportunities have the potential to be a serious detriment to medical students' career trajectory. While implementing technology to help resolve these issues is a unique way to help students to develop these skills, it is now necessary for medical students to demonstrate the same set of skills which they would have previously in a completely new and innovative manner. Persistence and adaptability during this time of challenge are attributes that medical students can demonstrate more readily. While every student has a personal story of how COVID-19 has impacted their education, there is no question that the impacts of COVID-19 will be felt on an extensive level. The panic in the community is palpable, and many are confused by how to proceed in the wake of COVID-19. This is no different for medical students and faculty and the questions that arise regarding medical education and their future careers."}, {"pmid": 32513287, "title": "Acute cholecystitis during COVID-19 pandemic: a multisocietary position statement.", "journal": "World J Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Campanile, Fabio Cesare", "Podda, Mauro", "Arezzo, Alberto", "Botteri, Emanuele", "Sartori, Alberto", "Guerrieri, Mario", "Cassinotti, Elisa", "Muttillo, Irnerio", "Pisano, Marcello", "Brachet Contul, Riccardo", "D'Ambrosio, Giancarlo", "Cuccurullo, Diego", "Bergamini, Carlo", "Allaix, Marco Ettore", "Caracino, Valerio", "Petz, Wanda Luisa", "Milone, Marco", "Silecchia, Gianfranco", "Anania, Gabriele", "Agrusa, Antonino", "Di Saverio, Salomone", "Casarano, Salvatore", "Cicala, Caterina", "Narilli, Piero", "Federici, Sara", "Carlini, Massimo", "Paganini, Alessandro", "Bianchi, Paolo Pietro", "Salaj, Adelona", "Mazzari, Andrea", "Meniconi, Roberto Luca", "Puzziello, Alessandro", "Terrosu, Giovanni", "De Simone, Belinda", "Coccolini, Federico", "Catena, Fausto", "Agresta, Ferdinando"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513287", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the spread of the infection from the new SARS-CoV2 coronavirus in March 2020, several surgical societies have released their recommendations to manage the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for the daily clinical practice. The recommendations on emergency surgery have fueled a debate among surgeons on an international level.We maintain that laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains the treatment of choice for acute cholecystitis, even in the COVID-19 era. Moreover, since laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not more likely to spread the COVID-19 infection than open cholecystectomy, it must be organized in such a way as to be carried out safely even in the present situation, to guarantee the patient with the best outcomes that minimally invasive surgery has shown to have."}, {"pmid": 32523922, "pmcid": "PMC7279909", "title": "Thrombocytopenia in the Course of COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Lorenzo-Villalba, Noel", "Zulfiqar, Abrar-Ahmad", "Auburtin, Marc", "Schuhmacher, Marie Helene", "Meyer, Alain", "Maouche, Yasmine", "Keller, Olivier", "Andres, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523922", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report three cases of severe thrombocytopenia during COVID-19 infection associated with either cutaneous purpura or mucosal bleeding. The initial investigations ruled out other causes of thrombocytopenia. Two of the patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and eltrombopag, while the third recovered spontaneously. A good clinical and biological response was achieved in all patients leading to hospital discharge. Immune thrombocytopenia should be considered in COVID-19-infected patients presenting with thrombocytopenia.Coronavirus-related thrombocytopenia can be severe and life-threatening.Despite the severity of coronavirus-related immune thrombocytopenia, recovery may be spontaneous or achieved following immunoglobulin or platelet growth factor administration."}, {"pmid": 32338017, "title": "COVID-19 and the digestive system: protection and management during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Esp Enferm Dig", "authors": ["Crespo, Javier", "Iglesias-Garcia, Julio", "Hinojosa Del Val, Joaquin E", "Garcia Garcia, Federico", "Gil de Miguel, Angel", "Fernandez Carrillo, Carlos", "Ampuero, Javier", "Perez-Cuadrado Martinez, Enrique"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338017", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this rapid review is to provide an update on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on Gastroenterology and Hepatology departments, our patients, and our new way of working. The gastrointestinal tract and the liver are affected by SARS-CoV-2, especially in patients with immunosuppressive therapies. Patients with liver transplantation should be followed closely. Digestive endoscopy is a high-risk procedure for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. While the pandemic lasts, we must adapt its indications and promote protective measures for patients and healthcare professionals alike. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed our priorities and the way we work, although we do not know what the repercussions will be after normality is reinstated."}, {"pmid": 32421627, "pmcid": "PMC7202811", "title": "The impact of biosensing in a pandemic outbreak: COVID-19.", "journal": "Biosens Bioelectron", "authors": ["Morales-Narvaez, Eden", "Dincer, Can"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421627", "countries": ["Germany", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic outbreak is the most astounding scene ever experienced in the XXI century. In this opinionated review, we underscore the crucial role of biosensing to handle with such situations. As a matter of fact, testing accelerates life-saving decisions on treatment and isolation of COVID-19 patients in an early stage, and thereby, decelerating or even preventing the spread of such emerging infectious diseases. Meanwhile, it is also proven that a timely and broad application of testing leads to lower mortality rates in countries like Germany or South Korea. Besides, biosensors are also powerful tools for effective assessment of clinical progress and to provide alertness on severity or critical trends of infection. In view hereof, we critically discuss the state-of-the-art biosensing devices for COVID-19 testing. We spot the urgent needs and highlight innovative diagnostic approaches for targeting various COVID-19 related biomarkers. Finally, we outline our recommendations on biosensors and biosensing-related issues towards pandemic outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32426243, "pmcid": "PMC7229947", "title": "The use of convalescent plasma therapy and remdesivir in the successful management of a critically ill obstetric patient with novel coronavirus 2019 infection: A case report.", "journal": "Case Rep Womens Health", "authors": ["Anderson, Jonathon", "Schauer, Jordan", "Bryant, Suzanne", "Graves, Cornelia R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426243", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Remdesivir is a novel therapeutic with known activity against SARS CoV-2 and related coronaviruses. Remdesivir, as well as convalescent plasma therapy, are currently under investigation as potential therapies for patients with Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). In this case report we summarize the use of convalescent plasma therapy and then remdesivir as a late addition in the treatment of a critically ill obstetric patient with COVID-19. The patient subsequently improved, was extubated 5\u202fdays after initiation of remdesivir, was transitioned to room air 24\u202fh later, and discharged at the completion of remdesivir therapy."}, {"pmid": 32496524, "title": "Policy Solutions for Reversing the Color-blind Public Health Response to COVID-19 in the US.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Dowling, Marisa K", "Kelly, Robin L"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496524", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496207, "title": "Development of openEHR template for Coronavirus disease 2019 based on clinical guidelines.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Li, Mengyang", "Leslie, Heather", "Qi, Bin", "Nan, Shan", "Feng, HongShuo", "Cai, Hailing", "Lu, Xudong", "Duan, Huilong"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496207", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was discovered in China in December 2019. It has developed into a threatening international public health emergency. With the exception of China, the number of cases continues to increase worldwide. A number of studies about disease diagnosis and treatment have been carried out, and many clinically proven effective results have been achieved. Although information technology can improve the transferring of such knowledge to clinical practice rapidly, data interoperability is still a challenge due to the heterogeneous nature of hospital information systems. This issue becomes even more serious if the knowledge for diagnosis and treatment is updated rapidly as is the case for COVID-19. An open, semantic-sharing, and collaborative-information modeling framework is needed to rapidly develop a shared data model for exchanging data among systems. openEHR is such a framework and is supported by many open software packages that help to promote information sharing and interoperability. This study aims to develop a shared data model based on the openEHR modeling approach to improve the interoperability among systems for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. The latest Guideline of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment in China was selected as the knowledge source for modeling. First, the guideline was analyzed and the data items used for diagnosis and treatment, and management were extracted. Second, the data items were classified and further organized into domain concepts with a mind map. Third, searching was executed in the international openEHR Clinical Knowledge Manager (CKM) to find the existing archetypes that could represent the concepts. New archetypes were developed for those concepts that could not be found. Fourth, these archetypes were further organized into a template using Ocean Template Editor. Fifth, a test case of data exchanging between the clinical data repository and clinical decision support system based on the template was conducted to verify the feasibility of the study. A total of 203 data items were extracted from the guideline in China, and 16 domain concepts (16 leaf nodes in the mind map) were organized. There were 22 archetypes used to develop the template for all data items extracted from the guideline. All of them could be found in the CKM and reused directly. The archetypes and templates were reviewed and finally released in a public project within the CKM. The test case showed that the template can facilitate the data exchange and meet the requirements of decision support. This study has developed the openEHR template for COVID-19 based on the latest guideline from China using openEHR modeling methodology. It represented the capability of the methodology for rapidly modeling and sharing knowledge through reusing the existing archetypes, which is especially useful in a new and fast-changing area such as with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32311273, "title": "Managing COVID-19-Positive Maternal-Infant Dyads: An Italian Experience.", "journal": "Breastfeed Med", "authors": ["Salvatori, Guglielmo", "De Rose, Domenico Umberto", "Concato, Carlo", "Alario, Dario", "Olivini, Nicole", "Dotta, Andrea", "Campana, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311273", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422645, "title": "Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Pinto, Dora", "Park, Young-Jun", "Beltramello, Martina", "Walls, Alexandra C", "Tortorici, M Alejandra", "Bianchi, Siro", "Jaconi, Stefano", "Culap, Katja", "Zatta, Fabrizia", "De Marco, Anna", "Peter, Alessia", "Guarino, Barbara", "Spreafico, Roberto", "Cameroni, Elisabetta", "Case, James Brett", "Chen, Rita E", "Havenar-Daughton, Colin", "Snell, Gyorgy", "Telenti, Amalio", "Virgin, Herbert W", "Lanzavecchia, Antonio", "Diamond, Michael S", "Fink, Katja", "Veesler, David", "Corti, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422645", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerged coronavirus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic that has resulted in more than 3.7 million infections and 260,000 deaths as of 6\u00a0May 20201,2. Vaccine and therapeutic discovery efforts are paramount to curb the pandemic spread of this zoonotic virus. The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein promotes entry into host cells and is the main target of neutralizing antibodies. Here we describe multiple monoclonal antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 S identified from memory B cells of an individual who was infected with SARS-CoV in 2003. One antibody, named S309, potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV pseudoviruses as well as authentic SARS-CoV-2 by engaging the S receptor-binding domain. Using cryo-electron microscopy and binding assays, we show that S309 recognizes a glycan-containing epitope that is conserved within the sarbecovirus subgenus, without competing with receptor attachment. Antibody cocktails including S309 along with other antibodies identified here further enhanced SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and may limit the emergence of neutralization-escape mutants. These results pave the way for using S309- and S309-containing antibody cocktails for prophylaxis in individuals at high risk of exposure or as a post-exposure therapy to limit or treat severe disease."}, {"pmid": 32319081, "pmcid": "PMC7264794", "title": "Delivering extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for patients with COVID-19: what, who, when and how?", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Zochios, V", "Brodie, D", "Charlesworth, M", "Parhar, K K"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319081", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302401, "pmcid": "PMC7161085", "title": "Targeting potential drivers of COVID-19: Neutrophil extracellular traps.", "journal": "J Exp Med", "authors": ["Barnes, Betsy J", "Adrover, Jose M", "Baxter-Stoltzfus, Amelia", "Borczuk, Alain", "Cools-Lartigue, Jonathan", "Crawford, James M", "Dassler-Plenker, Juliane", "Guerci, Philippe", "Huynh, Caroline", "Knight, Jason S", "Loda, Massimo", "Looney, Mark R", "McAllister, Florencia", "Rayes, Roni", "Renaud, Stephane", "Rousseau, Simon", "Salvatore, Steven", "Schwartz, Robert E", "Spicer, Jonathan D", "Yost, Christian C", "Weber, Andrew", "Zuo, Yu", "Egeblad, Mikala"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302401", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel, viral-induced respiratory disease that in \u223c10-15% of patients progresses to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) triggered by a cytokine storm. In this Perspective, autopsy results and literature are presented supporting the hypothesis that a little known yet powerful function of neutrophils-the ability to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-may contribute to organ damage and mortality in COVID-19. We show lung infiltration of neutrophils in an autopsy specimen from a patient who succumbed to COVID-19. We discuss prior reports linking aberrant NET formation to pulmonary diseases, thrombosis, mucous secretions in the airways, and cytokine production. If our hypothesis is correct, targeting NETs directly and/or indirectly with existing drugs may reduce the clinical severity of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32282993, "title": "DOACs and 'newer' haemophilia therapies in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko", "Tang, Ning", "Gando, Satoshi", "Falanga, Anna", "Cattaneo, Marco", "Levi, Marcel", "Clark, Cary", "Iba, Toshiaki"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282993", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We would like to thank the authors for their insightful thoughts on the consideration of anticoagulants and treatment for haemophilia A and B during the COVID-19 pandemic. They highlight some important practical points which certainly should be adopted by the thrombosis and haemostasis community in the current situation of restricted mobility, which reduces the possibility for patients to access general practitioners and hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32449782, "title": "Long-term clinical outcomes in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreaks after hospitalisation or ICU admission: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Ahmed, Hassaan", "Patel, Kajal", "Greenwood, Darren C", "Halpin, Stephen", "Lewthwaite, Penny", "Salawu, Abayomi", "Eyre, Lorna", "Breen, Andrew", "O'Connor, Rory", "Jones, Anthony", "Sivan, Manoj"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449782", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine long-term clinical outcomes in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus infections after hospitalization or intensive care unit admission. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, and PsycINFO were searched. Original studies reporting clinical outcomes of adult SARS and MERS survivors 3 months after admission or 2 months after discharge were included. Studies were graded using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2009 Level of Evidence Tool. Meta-analysis was used to derive pooled estimates for prevalence/severity of outcomes up to 6 months after hospital discharge, and beyond 6 months after discharge. Of 1,169 identified studies, 28 were included in the analysis. Pooled analysis revealed that common complications up to 6 months after discharge were: impaired diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (prevalence 27%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 15\u201345%); and reduced exercise capacity (mean 6-min walking distance 461 m, CI 450\u2013473 m). The prevalences of post-traumatic stress disorder (39%, 95% CI 31\u201347%), depression (33%, 95% CI 20\u201350%) and anxiety (30%, 95% CI 10\u201361) beyond 6 months after discharge were considerable. Low scores on Short-Form 36 were identified beyond 6 months after discharge. Lung function abnormalities, psychological impairment and reduced exercise capacity were common in SARS and MERS survivors. Clinicians should anticipate and investigate similar long-term outcomes in COVID-19 survivors."}, {"pmid": 32240754, "pmcid": "PMC7171263", "title": "Creating a Palliative Care Inpatient Response Plan for COVID-19-The UW Medicine Experience.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Fausto, James", "Hirano, Lianne", "Lam, Daniel", "Mehta, Amisha", "Mills, Blair", "Owens, Darrell", "Perry, Elizabeth", "Curtis, J Randall"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240754", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is stressing health care systems throughout the world. Significant numbers of patients are being admitted to the hospital with severe illness, often in the setting of advanced age and underlying comorbidities. Therefore, palliative care is an important part of the response to this pandemic. The Seattle area and UW Medicine have been on the forefront of the pandemic in the U.S. UW Medicine developed a strategy to implement a palliative care response for a multihospital health care system that incorporates conventional capacity, contingency capacity, and crisis capacity. The strategy was developed by our palliative care programs with input from the health care system leadership. In this publication, we share our multifaceted strategy to implement high-quality palliative care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic that incorporates conventional, contingency, and crisis capacity and focuses on the areas of the hospital caring for the most patients: the emergency department, intensive care units, and acute care services. The strategy focuses on key content areas, including identifying and addressing goals of care, addressing moderate and severe symptoms, and supporting family members. Strategy planning for delivery of high-quality palliative care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic represents an important area of need for our health care systems. We share our experiences of developing such a strategy to help other institutions conduct and adapt such strategies more quickly."}, {"pmid": 32246969, "pmcid": "PMC7118602", "title": "One more paper towel, longer protection.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Yu, Nianzhou", "Wu, Lisha", "Su, Juan", "Huang, Kai", "Zhao, Shuang", "Chen, Xiang"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246969", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445839, "pmcid": "PMC7237919", "title": "Clinical Testing For Covid-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Ward, Stephanie", "Lindsley, Andrew", "Courter, Josh", "Assa'ad, Amal"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445839", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 caused COVID-19 cases in the United States the initial test was developed and performed at the Center for Disease Control (CDC). As the number of cases increased the demand for tests multiplied, leading the CDC to utilize the Emergency Utilization Authorization to allow clinical and commercial laboratories to develop tests to detect the presence of the virus. Many nucleic acid tests based on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were developed, each with different techniques, specifications and turnaround time. As the illnesses turned into a pandemic, testing became more crucial. The test supply became inadequate to meet the need that it had to be prioritized according to guidance. For surveillance, the need for serologic tests emerged. Here we review the timeline of test development, the turn-around times, the various approved tests and compare them as regards the genes they detect. We concentrate on the point-of-care tests and discuss the basis for new serologic tests. We discuss the testing guidance for prioritization and their application in a hospital setting. As SARS-CoV-2 virus arrived in the USA causing the COVID-19 illness, one of the most talked about issues in the management of the disease and the resulting pandemic has been clinical testing. A unique situation arose of a communicable and highly contagious disease necessitating the rapid diagnosis of patients and the identification of non-symptomatic infected persons. Unfortunately, the USA did not have a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved laboratory test for the illness. The FDA ultimately utilized its Emergency Use Authorizations (EUA) on February 4, 2020 to allow for more rapid and widespread development and implementation of in-vitro testing.1 Indeed, companies and organizations utilized the EUA to file applications for new tests based on different methodologies, amounting to 48 applications in the span of 3 months from the beginning of February to the end of April 2020. In addition, multiple other tests were put in place under a separate authorization by a Presidential memorandum in early March allowing laboratories that carry Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA) certification to put tests in place without an EUA from the FDA. This created an unprecedented situation where the medical community and the public may not be familiar with the various new tests for COVID-19 that are offered to patients and hospitals. The purpose of this review is to provide information, up-to-date as of the date of submission of the manuscript to the journal, on the various tests that have been developed, their scientific basis and their interpretation. We give a real-world example demonstrating the time lag in the return of test results and review testing prioritization guidance since the supply of tests remains below the perceived need."}, {"pmid": 32460458, "title": "In vitro activity of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at concentrations achievable by usual doses.", "journal": "Korean J Intern Med", "authors": ["Kang, Chang Kyung", "Seong, Moon-Woo", "Choi, Su-Jin", "Kim, Taek Soo", "Choe, Pyoeng Gyun", "Song, Sang Hoon", "Kim, Nam-Joong", "Park, Wan Beom", "Oh, Myoung-Don"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460458", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease-2019 global pandemic progresses, screening of antiviral agents effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is urgently needed. In addition, considering the viral load kinetics of SARS-CoV-2, which peaks early in the illness, and the massive burden of the disease, which may increase in the near future, identifying well-tolerated oral antivirals becomes increasingly important. We examined the in vitro activity of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine on SARS-CoV-2, at concentrations which can be used to treat coronavirus-19 patients with little concern of toxicity. Lopinavir/ritonavir (7/1.75 \u03bcg/mL), hydroxychloroquine base (1 or 2 \u03bcg/mL), or a combination thereof were administered 1 hour after the inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 to Vero cells at a multiplicity of infection of 0.05. We examined cytopathic effects of virus 48 hours after administration of the respective treatments and measured viral loads at three time points (0, 24, and 48 hours post-treatment) by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and compared the results obtained from the different antiviral regimens tested. The severity of cytopathic effects was lower in lopinavir/ritonavir-treated cells, and viral load was significantly reduced in this group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). However, hydroxychloroquine did not show significant inhibitory effects on anti-SARS-CoV-2-mediated cytotoxicity or on viral load at either concentration. Lopinavir/ritonavir showed significant inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 in vitro at its usual plasma concentration. However, the in vitro antiviral activity of hydroxychloroquine at concentrations commonly used in humans was minimal, whether used alone or in combination with lopinavir/ritonavir."}, {"pmid": 32054601, "title": "Coronavirus: online GP bookings should be stopped because of safety risks, warns BMA.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32054601", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502822, "title": "Uncertainty surrounding the use of face masks in the community amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["Lam, Stanley Kam Ki", "Hung, Maria Shuk Yu", "Chien, Wai Tong"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502822", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511054, "title": "COVID-19 Digital Health Innovation Policy: A Portal to Alternative Futures in the Making.", "journal": "OMICS", "authors": ["Bayram, Mustafa", "Springer, Simon", "Garvey, Colin K", "Ozdemir, Vural"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511054", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\"The pandemic is a portal.\" In the words of the novelist scholar Arundhati Roy, the COVID-19 pandemic is not merely an epic calamity. It has opened up a new space, a portal, to rethink everything, for example, in how we live, work, produce scientific knowledge, provide health care, and relate to others, be they humans or nonhuman animals in planetary ecosystems. Meanwhile, as the intensity of the pandemic escalates, digital health tools such as the Internet of Things (IoT), biosensors, and artificial intelligence (AI) are being deployed to address the twin goals of social distancing and health care in a \"no touch\" emergency state. Permanent integration of digital technologies into every aspect of post-pandemic civic life-health care, disease tracking, education, work, and beyond-is considered by governments and technology actors around the world. Although digital transformation of health care and industry are in the works, we ought to ensure that digital transformation does not degenerate into \"digitalism,\" which we define here as an unchecked and misguided belief on extreme digital connectivity without considering the attendant adverse repercussions on science, human rights, and everyday practices of democracy. Indeed, the current shrinking of the critically informed public policy space amid a devastating pandemic raises principled questions on the broader and long-term impacts that digital technologies will have on democratic governance of planetary health and society. To this end, a wide range of uncertainties-technical, biological, temporal, spatial, and political-is on the COVID-19 pandemic horizon. This calls for astute and anticipatory innovation policies to steer the health sciences and services toward democratic ends. In this article, we describe new and critically informed approaches to democratize COVID-19 digital health innovation policy, especially when the facts are uncertain, the stakes are high, and decisions are urgent, as they often are in the course of a pandemic. In addition, we introduce a potential remedy to democratize pandemic innovation policy, the concept of \"epistemic competence,\" so as to check the frames and framings of the pandemic innovation policy juggernaut and the attendant power asymmetries. We suggest that if epistemic competence, and attention to not only scientific knowledge but also its framing are broadly appreciated, they can help reduce the disparity between the enormous technical progress and investments made in digital health versus our currently inadequate understanding of the societal dimensions of emerging technologies such as AI, IoT, and extreme digital connectivity on the planet."}, {"pmid": 32460654, "title": "Coronavirus & Contracts: How the Coronavirus May Trigger Force Majeure.", "journal": "Am J Law Med", "authors": ["Qureshi, Ahmer A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460654", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425462, "pmcid": "PMC7228713", "title": "The Use of Point of Care Lung Ultrasound and Echocardiography in the Management of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Flower, Dr Luke", "Olusanya, Dr Olusegun", "Madhivathanan, Dr Pradeep R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425462", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401686, "title": "Practical Considerations for Treating Patients With Cancer in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Segelov, Eva", "Underhill, Craig", "Prenen, Hans", "Karapetis, Christos", "Jackson, Christopher", "Nott, Louise", "Clay, Tim", "Pavlakis, Nick", "Sabesan, Sabe", "Heywood, Ellen", "Steer, Christopher", "Lethborg, Carrie", "Gan, Hui K", "Yip, Desmond", "Karanth, Narayan", "Karikios, Deme", "MacIntyre, C Raina"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401686", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cancer has become a prevalent disease, affecting millions of new patients globally each year. The COVID-19 pandemic is having far-reaching impacts around the world, causing substantial disruptions to health and health care systems that are likely to last for a prolonged period. Early data have suggested that having cancer is a significant risk factor for mortality from severe COVID-19. A diverse group of medical oncologists met to formulate detailed practical advice on systemic anticancer treatments during this crisis. In the context of broad principles, issues including risks of treatment, principles of prioritizing resources, treatment of elderly patients, and psychosocial impact are discussed. Detailed treatment advice and options are given at a tumor stream level. We must maintain care for patients with cancer as best we can and recognize that COVID-19 poses a significant competing risk for death that changes conventional treatment paradigms."}, {"pmid": 32244841, "pmcid": "PMC7235895", "title": "Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence Technology for Novel Coronavirus Disease-19 Self-Testing.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani P", "Crayton, Ellen Debra"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244841", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading with a rising death toll and transmission rate reported in high income countries rather than in low income countries. The overburdened healthcare systems and poor disease surveillance systems in resource-limited settings may struggle to cope with this COVID-19 outbreak and this calls for a tailored strategic response for these settings. Here, we recommend a low cost blockchain and artificial intelligence-coupled self-testing and tracking systems for COVID-19 and other emerging infectious diseases. Prompt deployment and appropriate implementation of the proposed system have the potential to curb the transmissions of COVID-19 and the related mortalities, particularly in settings with poor access to laboratory infrastructure."}, {"pmid": 32203708, "pmcid": "PMC7104316", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak: less stethoscope, more ultrasound.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Buonsenso, Danilo", "Pata, Davide", "Chiaretti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216577, "pmcid": "PMC7191426", "title": "Artificial intelligence and machine learning to fight COVID-19.", "journal": "Physiol Genomics", "authors": ["Alimadadi, Ahmad", "Aryal, Sachin", "Manandhar, Ishan", "Munroe, Patricia B", "Joe, Bina", "Cheng, Xi"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216577", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324960, "pmcid": "PMC7264510", "title": "Laboratory haemostasis monitoring in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko", "Tang, Ning", "Gando, Satoshi", "Falanga, Anna", "Levi, Marcel", "Clark, Cary", "Iba, Toshiaki"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324960", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484426, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on the vascular interventionist.", "journal": "Vascular", "authors": ["Mousa, Albeir Y", "Broce, Mike"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484426", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251612, "title": "High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Can Be an Ally in the Fight Against COVID-19.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Chapman, Andrew R", "Bularga, Anda", "Mills, Nicholas L"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251612", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433742, "title": "Extended ORF8 Gene Region Is Valuable in the Epidemiological Investigation of SARS-similar Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Shuaiyin", "Zheng, Xin", "Zhu, Jingyuan", "Ding, Ronghua", "Jin, Yuefei", "Zhang, Weiguo", "Yang, HaiYan", "Zheng, Yingjuan", "Li, Xin", "Duan, Guangcai"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433742", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was discovered as a novel pathogen in the 2002-2003 SARS epidemic. The emergence and disappearance of this pathogen have brought questions regarding its source and evolution. Within the genome sequences of 281 SARS-CoVs, SARS-CoV-2, and SARSr-CoVs, a ~430 bp genomic region (from 27701bp to 28131bp in AY390556.1) with regular variations was investigated. This ~430 bp region overlaps with the ORF8 gene and is prone to deletions and nucleotide substitutions. Its complexity suggested the need for a new genotyping method for Coronavirus related to SARS-similar Coronavirus (SARS-CoV, SARSr-CoV and SARS-CoV-2). Bat SARSr-CoV presented three genotypes, of which Type 0 is only seen in Bat SARSr-CoV, Type I is present in SARS early phase and Type II is found in all SARS-CoV-2. This genotyping also shows potential usage in distinguishing the SARS-similar Coronaviruses from different hosts and geographic areas. This genomic region has important implications for predicting the epidemic trend and studying the evolution of Coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32472937, "title": "It's True Even in a Pandemic: Children are Not Merely Little Adults.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Creech, C Buddy"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472937", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389500, "pmcid": "PMC7196394", "title": "Do we know when to end isolation of persons affected with COVID-19?", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Dicker, Dror", "Kournos, Tatiana", "Marcoviciu, Dana", "Golan, Rachel"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389500", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459192, "title": "Molecular, serological, and biochemical diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19: IFCC taskforce evaluation of the latest evidence.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Bohn, Mary Kathryn", "Lippi, Giuseppe", "Horvath, Andrea", "Sethi, Sunil", "Koch, David", "Ferrari, Maurizio", "Wang, Cheng-Bin", "Mancini, Nicasio", "Steele, Shannon", "Adeli, Khosrow"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459192", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented major challenges for clinical laboratories, from initial diagnosis to patient monitoring and treatment. Initial response to this pandemic involved the development, production, and distribution of diagnostic molecular assays at an unprecedented rate, leading to minimal validation requirements and concerns regarding their diagnostic accuracy in clinical settings. In addition to molecular testing, serological assays to detect antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are now becoming available from numerous diagnostic manufacturers. In both cases, the lack of peer-reviewed data and regulatory oversight, combined with general misconceptions regarding their appropriate use, have highlighted the importance of laboratory professionals in robustly validating and evaluating these assays for appropriate clinical use. The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Task Force on COVID-19 has been established to synthesize up-to-date information on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19, as well as to develop practical recommendations on the use of molecular, serological, and biochemical tests in disease diagnosis and management. This review summarizes the latest evidence and status of molecular, serological, and biochemical testing in COVID-19 and highlights some key considerations for clinical laboratories operating to support the global fight against this ongoing pandemic. Confidently this consolidated information provides a useful resource to laboratories and a reminder of the laboratory's critical role as the world battles this unprecedented crisis."}, {"pmid": 32506141, "title": "Operational strategies of a trauma hub in early coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Casiraghi, Alessandro", "Domenicucci, Marco", "Cattaneo, Stefano", "Maggini, Emanuele", "Albertini, Fabio", "Avanzini, Stefania", "Pansi Marini, Manuela", "Galante, Claudio", "Guizzi, Pierangelo", "Milano, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506141", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The \"Spedali Civili\", one of the largest hospitals in the Italian region most affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection, is managing a large number of traumatic injuries. The objective of this article is to share our operational protocols to deliver an appropriate hospital trauma care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We changed our work shifts, in consideration of the high number of patients; colleagues from smaller hospitals in the area joined us to increase the number of surgeons available. Thanks to the collaboration between orthopaedists, anaesthesiologists, and nurses, we created a flow chart and separate routes (in the emergency room, in the wards, and in the operating rooms) to optimize patient management. Our protocols allow us to always provide healthcare professionals with the correct personal protective equipment for the task they are performing. Our strategies proved to be practical and feasible. Having a well thought plan helped us to provide for the most robust response possible. We have not yet been able to study the effectiveness of our protocols, and our recommendations may not be applicable to all healthcare facilities. Nonetheless, sharing our early experience can help other institutions conducting and adapting such plans more quickly. Having a clear strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic kept our systems resilient and effective and allowed us to provide high-quality trauma care. We offer this approach for other institutions to adopt and adapt to their local setting."}, {"pmid": 32283315, "pmcid": "PMC7151236", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 or Lung Cancer: What Should We Treat?", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Russano, Marco", "Citarella, Fabrizio", "Vincenzi, Bruno", "Tonini, Giuseppe", "Santini, Daniele"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283315", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367447, "pmcid": "PMC7197360", "title": "Detect to protect: pneumoperitoneum gas samples for SARS-CoV-2 and biohazard testing.", "journal": "Surg Endosc", "authors": ["Cicuttin, Enrico", "Cobianchi, Lorenzo", "Chiarugi, Massimo", "Catena, Fausto", "Coccolini, Federico", "Pietrabissa, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367447", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387041, "pmcid": "PMC7188637", "title": "COVID-19 and Moral Imperialism in Multinational Clinical Research.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Hellmann, Fernando", "Williams-Jones, Bryn", "Garrafa, Volnei"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387041", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A TV debate in April 2020 between two French doctors regarding the benefits of testing a coronavirus vaccine in Africa where there are no masks or treatments available has led to international criticism. This case highlights a problematic ethical double standard in multinational clinical research: trials that would be considered unethical in high income countries (e.g., placebo-controlled where there is an existing treatment) are nonetheless justified in low-and-middle-income countries because the existing standards of care are less (i.e., no access to a treatment). Underlying this ethical double standard in some multinational clinical trials is a moral imperialism and persistent colonialist thinking that must be rejected."}, {"pmid": 32441213, "title": "Reproductive health under Covid-19 - challenges of responding in a global crisis.", "journal": "Sex Reprod Health Matters", "authors": ["Church, Kathryn", "Gassner, Jennifer", "Elliott, Megan"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441213", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428963, "title": "Community Obstetrical Units Less Likely than Academic Units to Have Universal COVID-19 Testing.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Werner, Erika F", "Louis, Judette M", "Hughes, Brenna", "Han, Christina Shih-Chi", "Norton, Mary E", "Srinivas, Sindhu K"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428963", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209384, "pmcid": "PMC7163181", "title": "Wuhan and Hubei COVID-19 mortality analysis reveals the critical role of timely supply of medical resources.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Zuqin", "Yao, Wei", "Wang, Yan", "Long, Cheng", "Fu, Xinmiao"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209384", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378385, "pmcid": "PMC7230426", "title": "Healthy communication in the promotion of healthy aging during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Croat Med J", "authors": ["Bras, Marijana", "Dordevic, Veljko", "Pjevac, Neda", "Duric, Ivana"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378385", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532703, "title": "A Systematic Review on Guidelines and Recommendations for Urology Standard of Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Urol Focus", "authors": ["Heldwein, Flavio Lobo", "Loeb, Stacy", "Wroclawski, Marcelo Langer", "Sridhar, Ashwin Narasimha", "Carneiro, Arie", "Lima, Fabio Sepulveda", "Teoh, Jeremy Yuen-Chun"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532703", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of the new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), was identified in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. Since then, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was reclassified as a pandemic, and health systems around the world have faced an unprecedented challenge. To summarize guidelines and recommendations on the urology standard of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Guidelines and recommendations published between November 2019 and April 17, 2020 were retrieved using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. This was supplemented by searching the web pages of international urology societies. Our inclusion criteria were guidelines, recommendations, or best practice statements by international urology organizations and reference centers about urological care in different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Of 366 titles identified, 15 guidelines met our criteria. Of the 15 guidelines, 14 addressed emergency situations and 12 reported on assessment of elective uro-oncology procedures. There was consensus on postponing radical prostatectomy except for high-risk prostate cancer, and delaying treatment for low-grade bladder cancer, small renal masses up to T2, and stage I seminoma. According to nine guidelines that addressed endourology, obstructed or infected kidneys should be decompressed, whereas nonobstructing stones and stent removal should be rescheduled. Five guidelines/recommendations discussed laparoscopic and robotic surgery, while the remaining recommendations focused on outpatient procedures and consultations. All recommendations represented expert opinions, with three specifically endorsed by professional societies. Only the European Association of Urology guidelines provided evidence-based levels of evidence (mostly level 3 evidence). To make informed decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic, there are multiple national and international guidelines and recommendations for urologists to prioritize the provision of care. Differences among the guidelines were minimal. We performed a systematic review of published recommendations on urological practice during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which provide guidance on prioritizing the timing for different types of urological care."}, {"pmid": 32277747, "pmcid": "PMC7240234", "title": "A Low-cost Solution for Retro-fitment of HEPA Filter in Healthcare Facilities Providing Care to COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Malhotra, Vikas"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277747", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407145, "pmcid": "PMC7226924", "title": "Safety first: evidence for delay of radical prostatectomy without use of androgen deprivation therapy during COVID-19.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Sean Ong, Xuan Rui", "Condon, Benjamin", "Bagguley, Dominic", "Lawrentschuk, Nathan", "Azad, Arun", "Murphy, Declan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407145", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469190, "title": "The decline of coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention procedures in patients with acute myocardial infarction in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Legutko, Jacek", "Niewiara, Lukasz", "Bartus, Stanislaw", "Dobrzycki, Slawomir", "Gasior, Mariusz", "Gierlotka, Marek", "Kochman, Janusz", "Lesiak, Maciej", "Matysek, Jerzy", "Ochala, Andrzej", "Pawlowski, Tomasz", "Gil, Robert", "Witkowski, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469190", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379309, "pmcid": "PMC7239110", "title": "TeleCheck-AF for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Linz, Dominik", "Pluymaekers, Nikki A H A", "Hendriks, Jeroen M"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379309", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367579, "title": "The lysosome: A potential juncture between SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and Niemann-Pick disease type C, with therapeutic implications.", "journal": "FASEB J", "authors": ["Ballout, Rami A", "Sviridov, Dmitri", "Bukrinsky, Michael I", "Remaley, Alan T"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367579", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Drug repurposing is potentially the fastest available option in the race to identify safe and efficacious drugs that can be used to prevent and/or treat COVID-19. By describing the life cycle of the newly emergent coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in light of emerging data on the therapeutic efficacy of various repurposed antimicrobials undergoing testing against the virus, we highlight in this review a possible mechanistic convergence between some of these tested compounds. Specifically, we propose that the lysosomotropic effects of hydroxychloroquine and several other drugs undergoing testing may be responsible for their demonstrated in vitro antiviral activities against COVID-19. Moreover, we propose that Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC), a lysosomal storage disorder, may provide new insights into potential future therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2, by highlighting key established features of the disorder that together result in an \"unfavorable\" host cellular environment that may interfere with viral propagation. Our reasoning evolves from previous biochemical and cell biology findings related to NPC, coupled with the rapidly evolving data on COVID-19. Our overall aim is to suggest that pharmacological interventions targeting lysosomal function in general, and those particularly capable of reversibly inducing transient NPC-like cellular and biochemical phenotypes, constitute plausible mechanisms that could be used to therapeutically target COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32514189, "pmcid": "PMC7267611", "title": "Commentary: Spaces of Solidarity and Spaces of Exception at the times of Covid-19.", "journal": "Int Migr", "authors": ["Triandafyllidou, Anna"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514189", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359416, "pmcid": "PMC7252032", "title": "Feasibility of controlling COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Xiong, Nian", "Lin, Zhicheng"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359416", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381590, "title": "Ethics of controlled human infection to address COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Shah, Seema K", "Miller, Franklin G", "Darton, Thomas C", "Duenas, Devan", "Emerson, Claudia", "Lynch, Holly Fernandez", "Jamrozik, Euzebiusz", "Jecker, Nancy S", "Kamuya, Dorcas", "Kapulu, Melissa", "Kimmelman, Jonathan", "MacKay, Douglas", "Memoli, Matthew J", "Murphy, Sean C", "Palacios, Ricardo", "Richie, Thomas L", "Roestenberg, Meta", "Saxena, Abha", "Saylor, Katherine", "Selgelid, Michael J", "Vaswani, Vina", "Rid, Annette"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381590", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406853, "title": "COVID-19 and laparoscopic surgery, a scoping review of current literature and local expertise.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["de Leeuw, Robert Adrianus", "Burger, Nicole Birgit", "Ceccaroni, Marcello", "Zhang, Jian", "Tuynman, Jurriaan", "Mabrouk, Mohammed", "Barri, Perre", "Bonjer, Jaap", "Ankum, Pim", "Huirne, Judith"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406853", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID19 pandemic is holding the world in its grip. Epidemiologist has shown that the mortality risks are higher when the health care system falls under the COVID19 pressure. It is, therefore, of great importance to keep health care providers (HCP) healthy and prevent contamination. An important group who will be confronted with the treatment of COVID19 positive patients are HCP during (semi) acute surgery. There are concerns that laparoscopic surgery increases the risk of contamination more than open surgery, therefore balancing the safety of HCP with the benefit of laparoscopic surgery for the patient. To provide an overview of potential contamination routes, possible risks for HCP, and propose research questions based on current literature and expert opinions about laparoscopic surgery on a COVID19 positive patient. We performed a scoping review adding five additional questions concerning possible contaminating routes. A systematic search was performed on Pubmed, CINAHL, and Embase databases adding results from gray literature as well. The search was not only for COVID-19 but extended with virus contamination in general. We excluded society and professional association statements about COVID-19 if they did not add new insights into the available literature. The initial search provide 2.007 records, after which 267 full-text papers were considered. Finally, we used 84 papers of which 14 were discussing SARS-CoV-2. Eight papers discuss the added value of performing intubation in a low-pressure operating room, mainly based on the SARS outbreak experience from 2003. Thirteen papers elaborate on the risks of intubation for the HCP and SARS-CoV-2 and 19 papers discuss this situation with other viruses. They conclude that there is significant evidence that in- and extubation is a high-risk aerosol producing procedure. No papers were found on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 and surgical smoke, although 25 papers did provide conflicting evidence on the infection risk of HPV, hepatitis B, polio, and rabies. There were no papers found discussing tissue extraction or the deflation risk of the pneumoperitoneum after laparoscopic surgery. There seems to be consensus in the literature that in- and extubation is a high-risk procedure for the HCP and that maximum protective equipment is needed. On the other hand, minimal evidence is available discussing the actual risk of contamination of the HCP during laparoscopy itself. Neither on operating room pressure, surgical smoke, tissue extraction, nor CO2 deflation. But there are new studies published daily from current experiences and society statements are continuously updated. There seems no reason to abandon laparoscopic surgery over open surgery. But do not underestimate the risks, perform surgery on COVID-19 positive patients only when necessary, and keep using logical and common sense to protect yourself and others by performing surgery in a safe and protected environment. "}, {"pmid": 32367025, "title": "Profile of a killer: the complex biology powering the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367025", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373990, "title": "Radiological role in the detection, diagnosis and monitoring for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Hu, L", "Wang, C"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373990", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has officially been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Radiological examinations, especially computed tomography (CT), play an important role in the fight against COVID-19. A comprehensive and timely review of radiological role in the fight against COVID-19 remains urgent and mandatory. Hence, the aim of this review is to summarize the radiological role in the fight against COVID-19. This review of current studies on COVID-19 provides insight into the radiological role in the detection, diagnosis, and monitoring for COVID-19. The typical radiological features of COVID-19 include bilateral, multifocal, and multilobar ground glass opacification with patchy consolidation, a peripheral/subpleural or posterior distribution (or both), mainly in the lower lobes. A combination of chest CT and repeat Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing may be beneficial for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in the setting of strongly clinical suspicion. Chest CT may improve the sensitivity for COVID-19 diagnosis, but patients' exposure to radiation should be kept as low as possible especially for children and pregnant women patients."}, {"pmid": 32482977, "title": "Hip Fracture Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Early Results from New York.", "journal": "J Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["LeBrun, Drake G", "Konnaris, Maxwell A", "Ghahramani, Gregory C", "Premkumar, Ajay", "DeFrancesco, Chris J", "Gruskay, Jordan A", "Dvorzhinskiy, Aleksey", "Sandhu, Milan S", "Goldwyn, Elan M", "Mendias, Christopher L", "Ricci, William M"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482977", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate inpatient outcomes among hip fracture patients treated during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. Multicenter retrospective cohort study SETTING:: One Level 1 Trauma Center and one orthopaedic specialty hospital in New York CityPatients/Participants: Fifty-nine consecutive patients (average age 85, range: 65 - 100 years) treated for a hip fracture (OTA/AO 31, 32.1) over a 5-week period, March 20, 2020 to April 24, 2020, during the height of the COVID-19 crisis. COVID-19 infection status was used to stratify patients. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes were admission to the intensive care unit, unexpected intubation, pneumonia, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, urinary tract infection, and transfusion. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, treatment characteristics, and COVID-related symptomatology were also evaluated. Ten patients (15%) tested positive for COVID-19 (COVID+) (n=9; 7 preoperatively, 2 postoperatively) or were presumed positive (n=1), 40 (68%) patients tested negative, and 9 (15%) patients were not tested in the primary hospitalization. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores were higher in the COVID+ group (d=-0.83; p=0.04); however, the Charlson Comorbidity Index was similar between the study groups (d=-0.17; p=0.63). Inpatient mortality was significantly increased in the COVID+ cohort (56% vs. 4%; OR 30.0, 95% CI 4.3-207; p=0.001). Including the one presumed positive case in the COVID+ cohort increased this difference (60% vs. 2%; OR 72.0, 95% CI 7.9-754; p<0.001). Hip fracture patients with concomitant COVID-19 infection had worse ASA scores but similar baseline comorbidities with significantly higher rates of inpatient mortality compared to those without concomitant COVID-19 infection. Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32437526, "title": "Oedipus and the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Antiel, Ryan M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437526", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390307, "pmcid": "PMC7262019", "title": "Practical tips for using masks in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Yu, Nianzhou", "Xiao, Yi", "Su, Juan", "Huang, Kai", "Zhao, Shuang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390307", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451217, "pmcid": "PMC7241333", "title": "Familial cluster of pneumonia and asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chiu, Chun-Hsiang", "Yeh, Kuo-Ming", "Su, Ying-Shih", "Chiu, Sheng-Kang", "Lin, Jung-Chung", "Yang, Ya-Sung"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451217", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289152, "pmcid": "PMC7155807", "title": "COVID-19 and emerging viral infections: The case for interferon lambda.", "journal": "J Exp Med", "authors": ["Prokunina-Olsson, Ludmila", "Alphonse, Noemie", "Dickenson, Ruth E", "Durbin, Joan E", "Glenn, Jeffrey S", "Hartmann, Rune", "Kotenko, Sergei V", "Lazear, Helen M", "O'Brien, Thomas R", "Odendall, Charlotte", "Onabajo, Olusegun O", "Piontkivska, Helen", "Santer, Deanna M", "Reich, Nancy C", "Wack, Andreas", "Zanoni, Ivan"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289152", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the first reports on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the scientific community working in the field of type III IFNs (IFN-\u03bb) realized that this class of IFNs could play an important role in this and other emerging viral infections. In this Viewpoint, we present our opinion on the benefits and potential limitations of using IFN-\u03bb to prevent, limit, and treat these dangerous viral infections."}, {"pmid": 32353597, "pmcid": "PMC7185017", "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 Infection and Patients With Lung Cancer: The Potential Role of Interleukin-17 Target Therapy.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Cafarotti, Stefano"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353597", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak is evolving rapidly worldwide. The lungs are the target of the primary infection and patients with lung cancer seem to have a poor prognosis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported investigation of a possible role of interleukin-17 target therapy in patients with lung cancer and concomitant severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32149036, "pmcid": "PMC7045880", "title": "Identification of Coronavirus Isolated from a Patient in Korea with COVID-19.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "authors": ["Kim, Jeong-Min", "Chung, Yoon-Seok", "Jo, Hye Jun", "Lee, Nam-Joo", "Kim, Mi Seon", "Woo, Sang Hee", "Park, Sehee", "Kim, Jee Woong", "Kim, Heui Man", "Han, Myung-Guk"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149036", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following reports of patients with unexplained pneumonia at the end of December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the causative agent was identified as coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), and the 2019 novel coronavirus disease was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization. Putative patients with COVID-19 have been identified in South Korea, and attempts have been made to isolate the pathogen from these patients. Upper and lower respiratory tract secretion samples from putative patients with COVID-19 were inoculated onto cells to isolate the virus. Full genome sequencing and electron microscopy were used to identify the virus. The virus replicated in Vero cells and cytopathic effects were observed. Full genome sequencing showed that the virus genome exhibited sequence homology of more than 99.9% with SARS-CoV-2 which was isolated from patients from other countries, for instance China. Sequence homology of SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV was 77.5% and 50%, respectively. Coronavirus-specific morphology was observed by electron microscopy in virus-infected Vero cells. SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from putative patients with unexplained pneumonia and intermittent coughing and fever. The isolated virus was named BetaCoV/Korea/KCDC03/2020."}, {"pmid": 32406591, "pmcid": "PMC7272808", "title": "#SendHelpNow: Mental wellness and virtual connection in the age of coronavirus.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Brawner, Bridgette M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406591", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423449, "pmcid": "PMC7232924", "title": "Rationale for the clinical use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Rogers, Christopher J", "Harman, Robert J", "Bunnell, Bruce A", "Schreiber, Martin A", "Xiang, Charlie", "Wang, Fu-Sheng", "Santidrian, Antonio F", "Minev, Boris R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423449", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, capital city of Hubei province in China. Cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection quickly grew by several thousand per day. Less than 100\u00a0days later, the World Health Organization declared that the rapidly spreading viral outbreak had become a global pandemic. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is typically associated with fever and respiratory symptoms. It often progresses to severe respiratory distress and multi-organ failure which carry a high mortality rate. Older patients or those with medical comorbidities are at greater risk for severe disease. Inflammation, pulmonary edema and an over-reactive immune response can lead to hypoxia, respiratory distress and lung damage. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) possess potent and broad-ranging immunomodulatory activities. Multiple in vivo studies in animal models and ex vivo human lung models have demonstrated the MSC's impressive capacity to inhibit lung damage, reduce inflammation, dampen immune responses and aid with alveolar fluid clearance. Additionally, MSCs produce molecules that are antimicrobial and reduce pain. Upon administration by the intravenous route, the cells travel directly to the lungs where the majority are sequestered, a great benefit for the treatment of pulmonary disease. The in vivo safety of local and intravenous administration of MSCs has been demonstrated in multiple human clinical trials, including studies of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recently, the application of MSCs in the context of ongoing COVID-19 disease and other viral respiratory illnesses has demonstrated reduced patient mortality and, in some cases, improved long-term pulmonary function. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC), an abundant type of MSC, are proposed as a therapeutic option for the treatment of COVID-19 in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. Additionally, when proven to be safe and effective, ASC treatments may reduce the demand on critical hospital resources. The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in significant healthcare and socioeconomic burdens across the globe. There is a desperate need for safe and effective treatments. Cellular based therapies hold great promise for the treatment of COVID-19. This literature summary reviews the scientific rationale and need for clinical studies of adipose-derived stem cells and other types of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of patients who suffer with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32428459, "pmcid": "PMC7215154", "title": "Uncertainty and the Risk of Occupational Exposure to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Dodson, Thomas B"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428459", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381594, "pmcid": "PMC7228560", "title": "Call for ensuring cancer care continuity during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Tagliamento, Marco", "Lambertini, Matteo", "Genova, Carlo", "Barisione, Emanuela", "De Maria, Andrea", "Grosso, Marco", "Poggio, Francesca", "Vagge, Stefano", "Boccardo, Francesco", "Pronzato, Paolo", "Del Mastro, Lucia"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513768, "title": "COVID-19 presenting with diarrhoea and hyponatraemia.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Ata, Fateen", "Almasri, Hussam", "Sajid, Jamal", "Yousaf, Zohaib"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513768", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a viral disease with a high infectivity rate. The full spectrum of the disease is not yet understood. This understanding may help in limiting potential exposure. We present a young man with diarrhoea, abdominal pain and hyponatraemia who turned out to be positive for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32479817, "pmcid": "PMC7258813", "title": "COVID-19 data sources in Latin America and the Caribbean.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479817", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275181, "title": "Duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding during COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Qian, Guo-Qing", "Chen, Xue-Qin", "Lv, Ding-Feng", "Ma, Ada Hoi Yan", "Wang, Li-Ping", "Yang, Nai-Bin", "Chen, Xiao-Min"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275181", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447996, "title": "Treatments in the COVID-19 pandemic: an update on clinical trials.", "journal": "Expert Opin Emerg Drugs", "authors": ["Tao, Yan Yi", "Tang, Liang V", "Hu, Yu"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447996", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463427, "title": "Using Controlled Trials to Resolve Key Unknowns About Policy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Starr, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463427", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453390, "pmcid": "PMC7251498", "title": "Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Patients Admitted for Childbirth in Southern Connecticut.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Campbell, Katherine H", "Tornatore, Jean M", "Lawrence, Kirsten E", "Illuzzi, Jessica L", "Sussman, L Scott", "Lipkind, Heather S", "Pettker, Christian M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453390", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299617, "pmcid": "PMC7138385", "title": "Respirators and surgical facemasks for COVID-19: implications for MRI.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Murray, O M", "Bisset, J M", "Gilligan, P J", "Hannan, M M", "Murray, J G"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299617", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503821, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 orf1b Gene Sequence in the NTNG1 Gene on Human Chromosome 1.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Lehrer, Steven", "Rheinstein, Peter H"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503821", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. It is contagious in humans and is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In the current analysis, we searched for SARS-CoV-2 sequences within the human genome. To compare the SARS-CoV-2 genome to the human genome, we used the blast-like alignment tool (BLAT) of the University of California, Santa Cruz Genome Browser. BLAT can align a user sequence of 25 bases or more to the genome. BLAT search results revealed a 117-base pair SARS-CoV-2 sequence in the human genome with 94.6% identity. The sequence was in chromosome 1p within an intronic region of the netrin G1 (NTNG1) gene. The sequence matched a sequence in the SARS-CoV-2 orf1b (open reading frames) gene. The SARS-CoV-2 human sequence lies within non-structural proteins 14 and 15 (NSP14 and NSP15), and is quite close to the viral spike sequence, separated only by NSP16, a 904-base pair sequence. The mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 infection is the binding of the virus spike protein to the membrane-bound form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and internalization of the complex by the host cell. It is probably no accident that a sequence from the SARS-CoV-2 orf1b gene is found in the human NTNG1 gene, implicated in schizophrenia, and that haloperidol, used to treat schizophrenia, may also be a treatment for COVID-19. We suggest, therefore, that it is important to investigate other haloperidol analogs. Among them are benperidol, bromperidol, bromperidol decanoate, droperidol, seperidol hydrochloride, and trifluperidol. These analogs might be valuable in the treatment of COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections."}, {"pmid": 32360695, "pmcid": "PMC7190510", "title": "Comment on \"Should anti-diabetic medications be reconsidered amid COVID-19 pandemic?\"", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Cure, Erkan", "Cumhur Cure, Medine"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360695", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387383, "pmcid": "PMC7199726", "title": "Acute urticaria with angioedema in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Adelino, Raquel", "Andres-Cordon, Joan F", "Aracelis De La Cruz Martinez, Cinthia"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387383", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353859, "title": "A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Gordon, David E", "Jang, Gwendolyn M", "Bouhaddou, Mehdi", "Xu, Jiewei", "Obernier, Kirsten", "White, Kris M", "O'Meara, Matthew J", "Rezelj, Veronica V", "Guo, Jeffrey Z", "Swaney, Danielle L", "Tummino, Tia A", "Huettenhain, Ruth", "Kaake, Robyn M", "Richards, Alicia L", "Tutuncuoglu, Beril", "Foussard, Helene", "Batra, Jyoti", "Haas, Kelsey", "Modak, Maya", "Kim, Minkyu", "Haas, Paige", "Polacco, Benjamin J", "Braberg, Hannes", "Fabius, Jacqueline M", "Eckhardt, Manon", "Soucheray, Margaret", "Bennett, Melanie J", "Cakir, Merve", "McGregor, Michael J", "Li, Qiongyu", "Meyer, Bjoern", "Roesch, Ferdinand", "Vallet, Thomas", "Mac Kain, Alice", "Miorin, Lisa", "Moreno, Elena", "Naing, Zun Zar Chi", "Zhou, Yuan", "Peng, Shiming", "Shi, Ying", "Zhang, Ziyang", "Shen, Wenqi", "Kirby, Ilsa T", "Melnyk, James E", "Chorba, John S", "Lou, Kevin", "Dai, Shizhong A", "Barrio-Hernandez, Inigo", "Memon, Danish", "Hernandez-Armenta, Claudia", "Lyu, Jiankun", "Mathy, Christopher J P", "Perica, Tina", "Pilla, Kala B", "Ganesan, Sai J", "Saltzberg, Daniel J", "Rakesh, Ramachandran", "Liu, Xi", "Rosenthal, Sara B", "Calviello, Lorenzo", "Venkataramanan, Srivats", "Liboy-Lugo, Jose", "Lin, Yizhu", "Huang, Xi-Ping", "Liu, YongFeng", "Wankowicz, Stephanie A", "Bohn, Markus", "Safari, Maliheh", "Ugur, Fatima S", "Koh, Cassandra", "Savar, Nastaran Sadat", "Tran, Quang Dinh", "Shengjuler, Djoshkun", "Fletcher, Sabrina J", "O'Neal, Michael C", "Cai, Yiming", "Chang, Jason C J", "Broadhurst, David J", "Klippsten, Saker", "Sharp, Phillip P", "Wenzell, Nicole A", "Kuzuoglu, Duygu", "Wang, Hao-Yuan", "Trenker, Raphael", "Young, Janet M", "Cavero, Devin A", "Hiatt, Joseph", "Roth, Theodore L", "Rathore, Ujjwal", "Subramanian, Advait", "Noack, Julia", "Hubert, Mathieu", "Stroud, Robert M", "Frankel, Alan D", "Rosenberg, Oren S", "Verba, Kliment A", "Agard, David A", "Ott, Melanie", "Emerman, Michael", "Jura, Natalia", "von Zastrow, Mark", "Verdin, Eric", "Ashworth, Alan", "Schwartz, Olivier", "d'Enfert, Christophe", "Mukherjee, Shaeri", "Jacobson, Matt", "Malik, Harmit S", "Fujimori, Danica G", "Ideker, Trey", "Craik, Charles S", "Floor, Stephen N", "Fraser, James S", "Gross, John D", "Sali, Andrej", "Roth, Bryan L", "Ruggero, Davide", "Taunton, Jack", "Kortemme, Tanja", "Beltrao, Pedro", "Vignuzzi, Marco", "Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo", "Shokat, Kevan M", "Shoichet, Brian K", "Krogan, Nevan J"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353859", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 respiratory disease, has infected over 2.3 million people, killed over 160,000, and caused worldwide social and economic disruption1,2. There are currently no antiviral drugs with proven clinical efficacy, nor are there vaccines for its prevention, and these efforts are hampered by limited knowledge of the molecular details of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To address this, we cloned, tagged and expressed 26 of the 29 SARS-CoV-2 proteins in human cells and identified the human proteins physically associated with each using affinity-purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS), identifying 332 high-confidence SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Among these, we identify 66 druggable human proteins or host factors targeted by 69 compounds (29 FDA-approved drugs, 12 drugs in clinical trials, and 28 preclinical compounds). Screening a subset of these in multiple viral assays identified two sets of pharmacological agents that displayed antiviral activity: inhibitors of mRNA translation and predicted regulators of the Sigma1 and Sigma2 receptors. Further studies of these host factor targeting agents, including their combination with drugs that directly target viral enzymes, could lead to a therapeutic regimen to treat COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32320084, "pmcid": "PMC7264725", "title": "Response to Char's comment: Comment on Li et al.: COVID-19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Long-Quan, Li", "Tian, Huang", "Yong-Qing, Wang", "Zheng-Ping, Wang", "Yuan, Liang", "Tao-Bi, Huang", "Hui-Yun, Zhang", "Wei-Ming, Sun", "Yu-Ping, Wang"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320084", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have read Char's comment1 . Thanks for readers' attention and valuable feedback on our article. Following was our response to Char's question about data overlap. Firstly, the meta-analysis reprocessed the existing data about COVID-19 patients in published articles, and involved no other information outside of the article. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32525400, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Does Not Spread Through ECMO or Dialysis Membranes.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Dres, Martin", "Burrel, Sonia", "Boutolleau, David", "Voiriot, Guillaume", "Demoule, Alexandre", "Combes, Alain", "Lebreton, Guillaume", "Schmidt, Matthieu"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525400", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398162, "pmcid": "PMC7214856", "title": "COVID-19 vulnerability: the potential impact of genetic susceptibility and airborne transmission.", "journal": "Hum Genomics", "authors": ["Godri Pollitt, Krystal J", "Peccia, Jordan", "Ko, Albert I", "Kaminski, Naftali", "Dela Cruz, Charles S", "Nebert, Daniel W", "Reichardt, Juergen K V", "Thompson, David C", "Vasiliou, Vasilis"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398162", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is inarguably the most challenging coronavirus outbreak relative to the previous outbreaks involving SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. With the number of COVID-19 cases now exceeding 2 million worldwide, it is apparent that (i) transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is very high and (ii) there are large variations in disease severity, one component of which may be genetic variability in the response to the virus. Controlling current rates of infection and combating future waves require a better understanding of the routes of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the underlying genomic susceptibility to this disease. In this mini-review, we highlight possible genetic determinants of COVID-19 and the contribution of aerosol exposure as a potentially important transmission route of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32290348, "title": "COVID-19: A Brief Overview of the Discovery Clinical Trial.", "journal": "Pharmaceuticals (Basel)", "authors": ["Vanden Eynde, Jean Jacques"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290348", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 is leading to a tremendous search for curative treatments. The urgency of the situation favors a repurposing of active drugs but not only antivirals. This short communication focuses on four treatments recommended by WHO and included in the first clinical trial of the European Discovery project."}, {"pmid": 32339247, "pmcid": "PMC7197574", "title": "Does apolipoprotein E genotype predict COVID-19 severity?", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Goldstein, Mark R", "Poland, Gregory A", "Graeber, Charles W"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339247", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377468, "pmcid": "PMC7198082", "title": "First Case of an Infant with COVID-19 in the Middle East.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Mansour, Amani", "Atoui, Rola", "Kanso, Kamal", "Mohsen, Rami", "Fares, Youssef", "Fares, Jawad"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377468", "countries": ["Lebanon"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been declared a worldwide pandemic. It was initially thought to spare children and adolescents as significantly smaller number of cases have been reported in the pediatric population in comparison to adults. Here, we report the case of a 16-month-old female infant from Lebanon who presented with fever and severe diarrhea and tested positive for COVID-19. Her symptoms started six days prior to presentation with no cough, rhinorrhea, or other respiratory manifestations reported. Chest radiography showed lobar consolidation and bronchial infiltrates. Blood culture was positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Stool and urine cultures were negative. She was treated with ceftriaxone and metronidazole. Her RT-PCR test was negative after five days of treatment, suggesting that children can clear the virus faster than adults. The patient likely contracted the virus from her parents, who because of the fear of social stigma hide recent history of respiratory illness. These findings serve as a practical reference for the clinical diagnosis and medical treatment of children with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32295710, "pmcid": "PMC7151489", "title": "High flow nasal cannula is a good treatment option for COVID-19.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Geng, Shike", "Mei, Qing", "Zhu, Chunyan", "Yang, Tianjun", "Yang, Yun", "Fang, Xiaowei", "Pan, Aijun"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295710", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512408, "title": "The choice of intravenous thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke under COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Neurol Neurosurg", "authors": ["Gao, Xiaogang"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512408", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345580, "pmcid": "PMC7222578", "title": "Diabetes and covid-19: a global health challenge.", "journal": "BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care", "authors": ["Shenoy, Akhil", "Ismaily, Mehwish", "Bajaj, Mandeep"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345580", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251725, "pmcid": "PMC7128351", "title": "Reply to \"The use of traditional Chinese medicines to treat SARS-CoV-2 may cause more harm than good\".", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Ai-Hua", "Ren, Jun-Ling", "Wang, Xi-Jun"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251725", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345905, "pmcid": "PMC7202116", "title": "Surgical Stabilization of Rib Fractures during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Trauma Acute Care Surg", "authors": ["Pieracci, Fredric M", "Shiroff, Adam"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345905", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432483, "title": "Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 Receptor in the Human Airway Epithelium.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Haijun", "Rostami, Mahboubeh R", "Leopold, Philip L", "Mezey, Jason G", "O'Beirne, Sarah L", "Strulovici-Barel, Yael", "Crystal, Ronald G"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432483", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a predominantly respiratory illness. The first step in SARS-CoV-2 infection is binding of the virus to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the airway epithelium. The objective was to gain insight into the expression of ACE2 in the human airway epithelium. Airway epithelium sampled by fiberoptic bronchoscopy of trachea, large airway epi-thelium (LAE) and small airway epithelium (SAE) of nonsmokers and smokers was analyzed for expression of ACE2 and other coronavirus infection-related genes using microarray, RNA-seq and 10x single cell transcriptome analysis, with associated examination of ACE2-related miRNA. (1) ACE2 is expressed similarly in the trachea and LAE with lower expression in the SAE; (2) in the SAE, ACE2 is expressed in basal, intermediate, club, mu-cus and ciliated cells; (3) ACE2 is up-regulated in the SAE by smoking, significantly in males; (4) levels of miR-1246 expression could play a role in ACE2 up-regulation in the SAE of smokers; and (5) ACE2 is expressed in airway epithelium differentiated in vitro on air-liquid interface cultures from primary airway basal stem/progenitor cells; this can be replicated using LAE and SAE immortalized basal cell lines derived from healthy nonsmokers. ACE2, the gene encoding the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, is expressed in the human airway epithelium, with variations in expression relevant to the biology of initial steps in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)."}, {"pmid": 32506509, "title": "Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients combined with allergy.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Shi, Wendan", "Gao, Ziang", "Ding, Yongjun", "Zhu, Ting", "Zhang, Wei", "Xu, Yu"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506509", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221416, "pmcid": "PMC7100493", "title": "Coronavirus and a greener future.", "journal": "Br Dent J", "authors": ["Hancocks Obe, Stephen"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221416", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378508, "title": "[Letter to the Editor: The Role of Medical Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Gi, Andreia", "Rodrigues, Barbara", "Dias-Ferreira, Joao", "Faria, Joao", "Pedro, Joao Fernandes", "Oliveira, Joao", "Viegas, Maria H", "Ribeiro, Marta"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378508", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402905, "pmcid": "PMC7202850", "title": "Changes in air quality related to the control of coronavirus in China: Implications for traffic and industrial emissions.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Wang, Yichen", "Yuan, Yuan", "Wang, Qiyuan", "Liu, ChenGuang", "Zhi, Qiang", "Cao, Junji"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402905", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Measures taken to control the disease (Covid-19) caused by the novel coronavirus dramatically reduced the number of vehicles on the road and diminished factory production. For this study, changes in the air quality index (AQI) and the concentrations of six air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2, NO2, and O3) were evaluated during the Covid-19 control period in northern China. Overall, the air quality improved, most likely due to reduced emissions from the transportation and secondary industrial sectors. Specifically, the transportation sector was linked to the NO2 emission reductions, while lower emissions from secondary industries were the major cause for the reductions of PM2.5 and CO. The reduction in SO2 concentrations was only linked to the industrial sector. However, the reductions in emissions did not fully eliminate air pollution, and O3 actually increased, possibly because lower fine particle loadings led to less scavenging of HO2 and as a result greater O3 production. These results also highlight need to control emissions from the residential sector."}, {"pmid": 32433363, "pmcid": "PMC7273953", "title": "Opioid Policy Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic - and Beyond.", "journal": "J Addict Med", "authors": ["Davis, Corey S", "Samuels, Elizabeth A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433363", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": The United States is currently in the midst of 2 public health emergencies: COVID-19 and the ongoing opioid crisis. In an attempt to reduce preventable harm to individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD), federal, state, and local governments have temporarily modified law and policy to increase access to OUD treatment and divert some individuals at high risk away from the correctional system. In this Commentary, we briefly describe how people with OUD are at increased risk for COVID-19, discuss existing policy barriers to evidence-based prevention and treatment for individuals with OUD, explain the temporary rollbacks of those barriers, and argue that these changes should be made permanent. We also suggest several additional steps that federal and state governments can urgently take to reduce barriers to care for individuals with OUD, both during the current crisis and beyond."}, {"pmid": 32287802, "pmcid": "PMC7130820", "title": "A pandemic in all but name.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287802", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of the coronavirus beyond China is entering a critical new phase."}, {"pmid": 32303600, "pmcid": "PMC7262230", "title": "(90)Y Radioembolization: Telemedicine During COVID-19 Outbreak, Opportunity for Prime Time.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Quek, Lawrence", "Kannivelu, Anbalagan", "Pua, Uei"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303600", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340912, "pmcid": "PMC7167552", "title": "Management of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, in the radiology department.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Zanardo, M", "Martini, C", "Monti, C B", "Cattaneo, F", "Ciaralli, C", "Cornacchione, P", "Durante, S"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340912", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease named COVID-19 was reported in China. Within 3 months, the World Health Organization defined COVID-19 as a pandemic, with more than 370,000 cases and 16,000 deaths worldwide. In consideration of the crucial role of diagnostic testing during COVID-19, the aim of this technical note was to provide a complete synthesis of approaches implemented for the management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. The planning of a robust plan to prevent the transmission of the virus to patients and department staff members should be fundamental in each radiology service. Moreover, the speed of spread and the incidence of the pandemic make it necessary to optimize the use of personal protective devices and dedicated COVID-19 equipment, given the limited availability of supplies. In the management of radiographic and CT imaging, staff should take special precautions to limit contamination between patients and other patients or professionals. An isolated imaging room should be dedicated to suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases, including radiography and CT scanners. This paper will provide guidance concerning disposable protective gear to be utilized, as well as on the cleaning and sanitation of radiology room and equipment."}, {"pmid": 32324595, "pmcid": "PMC7259533", "title": "The laboratory tests and host immunity of COVID-19 patients with different severity of illness.", "journal": "JCI Insight", "authors": ["Wang, Feng", "Hou, Hongyan", "Luo, Ying", "Tang, Guoxing", "Wu, Shiji", "Huang, Min", "Liu, Weiyong", "Zhu, Yaowu", "Lin, Qun", "Mao, Liyan", "Fang, Minghao", "Zhang, Huilan", "Sun, Ziyong"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324595", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUNDThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a severe outbreak throughout the world. The host immunity of COVID-19 patients is unknown.METHODSThe routine laboratory tests and host immunity in COVID-19 patients with different severity of illness were compared after patient admission.RESULTSA total of 65 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were classified as having mild (n = 30), severe (n = 20), and extremely severe (n = 15) illness. Many routine laboratory tests, such as ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer, were increased in severe and extremely severe patients. The absolute numbers of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells were gradually decreased with increased severity of illness. The activation markers such as HLA-DR and CD45RO expressed on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were increased in severe and extremely severe patients compared with mild patients. The costimulatory molecule CD28 had opposite results. The percentage of natural Tregs was decreased in extremely severe patients. The percentage of IFN-\u03b3-producing CD8+ T cells was increased in both severe and extremely severe patients compared with mild patients. The percentage of IFN-\u03b3-producing CD4+ T cells was increased in extremely severe patients. IL-2R, IL-6, and IL-10 were all increased in extremely severe patients. The activation of DC and B cells was decreased in extremely severe patients.CONCLUSIONThe number and function of T cells are inconsistent in COVID-19 patients. The hyperfunction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is associated with the pathogenesis of extremely severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.FUNDINGThis work was funded by the National Mega Project on Major Infectious Disease Prevention (2017ZX10103005-007) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2019kfyRCPY098)."}, {"pmid": 32341309, "pmcid": "PMC7219827", "title": "Surgical Considerations in Patients with COVID-19: What Orthopaedic Surgeons Should Know.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Liang, Zhen Chang", "Chong, Mark Seng Ye", "Sim, Ming Ann", "Lim, Joel Louis", "Castaneda, Pablo", "Green, Daniel W", "Fisher, Dale", "Ti, Lian Kah", "Murphy, Diarmuid", "Hui, James Hoi Po"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397899, "title": "Simulation as a tool for learning surgical craft in Covid-19 era.", "journal": "Scott Med J", "authors": ["Nabi, Ghulam"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397899", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496442, "title": "Why G6PD Deficiency Should Be Screened Before COVID-19 Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine?", "journal": "J Pediatr Hematol Oncol", "authors": ["Oymak, Yesim", "Karapinar, Tuba H", "Devrim, Ilker"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496442", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435815, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pharmacy learners and preceptors.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Louiselle, Katie", "Elson, E Claire", "Oschman, Alexandra", "Duehlmeyer, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435815", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463522, "title": "Managing the R0 of Covid-19: mathematics fights back.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Pandit, J J"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463522", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Perhaps for the first time in history, a single statistical measure is now dictating the entirety of UK government policy. The 'basic reproduction number', R0 value for Covid-19 is more directly determining economic and social policy than has ever the inflation rate, interest rate, or exchange rate. It is encouraging to see political policy for once 'rational' but disappointing it took a pandemic to make it so. However, is R0 an appropriate and significant measure? Like many mathematics/statistical parameters, R0 is relatively easy to explain, more complicated to understand (even graphically), and very difficult to calculate, or use for modelling. Given its significance for all our lives, it is important to understand a little of its background. This article seeks to explain the issues in a non-technical way, relegating all equations (used sparingly) to appendices."}, {"pmid": 32355949, "pmcid": "PMC7197531", "title": "Letter: Neurosurgical Patients' Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic-An Institutional Report From an African Neurosurgical Center.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Oudrhiri, Mohammed Yassaad", "Bechri, Hajar", "Hakkou, El Mehdi", "Melhaoui, Adyl", "Arkha, Yasser", "El Ouahabi, Abdessamad"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355949", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434946, "pmcid": "PMC7243369", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Chandrashekar, Abishek", "Liu, Jinyan", "Martinot, Amanda J", "McMahan, Katherine", "Mercado, Noe B", "Peter, Lauren", "Tostanoski, Lisa H", "Yu, Jingyou", "Maliga, Zoltan", "Nekorchuk, Michael", "Busman-Sahay, Kathleen", "Terry, Margaret", "Wrijil, Linda M", "Ducat, Sarah", "Martinez, David R", "Atyeo, Caroline", "Fischinger, Stephanie", "Burke, John S", "Slein, Matthew D", "Pessaint, Laurent", "Van Ry, Alex", "Greenhouse, Jack", "Taylor, Tammy", "Blade, Kelvin", "Cook, Anthony", "Finneyfrock, Brad", "Brown, Renita", "Teow, Elyse", "Velasco, Jason", "Zahn, Roland", "Wegmann, Frank", "Abbink, Peter", "Bondzie, Esther A", "Dagotto, Gabriel", "Gebre, Makda S", "He, Xuan", "Jacob-Dolan, Catherine", "Kordana, Nicole", "Li, Zhenfeng", "Lifton, Michelle A", "Mahrokhian, Shant H", "Maxfield, Lori F", "Nityanandam, Ramya", "Nkolola, Joseph P", "Schmidt, Aaron G", "Miller, Andrew D", "Baric, Ralph S", "Alter, Galit", "Sorger, Peter K", "Estes, Jacob D", "Andersen, Hanne", "Lewis, Mark G", "Barouch, Dan H"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434946", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An understanding of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is critical for vaccine and public health strategies aimed at ending the global COVID-19 pandemic. A key unanswered question is whether infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in protective immunity against re-exposure. We developed a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and observed that macaques had high viral loads in the upper and lower respiratory tract, humoral and cellular immune responses, and pathologic evidence of viral pneumonia. Following initial viral clearance, animals were rechallenged with SARS-CoV-2 and showed 5 log10 reductions in median viral loads in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal mucosa compared with primary infection. Anamnestic immune responses following rechallenge suggested that protection was mediated by immunologic control. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 infection induced protective immunity against re-exposure in nonhuman primates."}, {"pmid": 32401199, "title": "How Much Covid-19 Will Change the World.", "journal": "J Int Adv Otol", "authors": ["Ozgirgin, Nuri"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401199", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333024, "pmcid": "PMC7181099", "title": "[Anesthesia and intensive care ventilators: differences and usability in COVID-19 patients].", "journal": "Anaesthesist", "authors": ["Notz, Q", "Herrmann, J", "Stumpner, J", "Schmid, B", "Schlesinger, T", "Kredel, M", "Kranke, P", "Meybohm, P", "Lotz, C"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333024", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemia is a highly dynamic situation characterized by therapeutic and logistic uncertainties. Depending on the effectiveness of social distancing, a shortage of intensive care respirators must be expected. Concomitantly, many physicians and nursing staff are unaware of the capabilities of alternative types of ventilators, hence being unsure if they can be used in intensive care patients. Intensive care respirators were specifically developed for the use in patients with pathological lung mechanics. Nevertheless, modern anesthesia machines offer similar technical capabilities including a number of different modes. However, conceptual differences must be accounted for, requiring close monitoring and the presence of trained personnel. Modern transport ventilators are mainly for bridging purposes as they can only be used with 100% oxygen in contaminated surroundings. Unconventional methods, such as \"ventilator-splitting\", which have recently received increasing attention on social media, cannot be recommended. This review intends to provide an overview of the conceptual and technical differences of different types of mechanical ventilators."}, {"pmid": 32291505, "pmcid": "PMC7155395", "title": "German recommendations for critically ill patients with COVID19.", "journal": "Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed", "authors": ["Kluge, Stefan", "Janssens, Uwe", "Welte, Tobias", "Weber-Carstens, Steffen", "Marx, Gernot", "Karagiannidis, Christian"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291505", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a\u00a0novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread around the world resulting in an acute respiratory illness pandemic. The majority of patients presents with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, about 5% become critically ill and require intensive care treatment. Acute hypoxemic failure with severe dyspnea and an increased respiratory rate (>30/min) usually leads to ICU admission. At that point, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates are typically seen. Patients often develop a\u00a0severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To date there is no specific treatment available-the main goal of supportive therapy is to ascertain adequate oxygenation. Early intubation and repeated prone positioning are key elements in treating hypoxemic COVID-19 patients. Strict adherence to basic infection control measures (including hand hygiene) and use of personal protection equipment (PPE) are essential in the care of patients. Procedures that lead to formation of aerosols should be avoided where possible and carried out with utmost precaution."}, {"pmid": 32318718, "pmcid": "PMC7188164", "title": "A case series of children with Coronavirus Disease 2019: what have we learned?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318718", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268636, "title": "[Disinfection guideline of public transport during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268636", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This guideline is applicable to the infection prevention and control of staffs and travelers on public transport during COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32402109, "pmcid": "PMC7273013", "title": "Letter: low population mortality from COVID-19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity-authors' reply.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Rhodes, Jonathan M", "Subramanian, Sreedhar", "Laird, Eamon", "Kenny, Rose Anne"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402109", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458760, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic - An African perspective.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Lone, Shabir Ahmad", "Ahmad, Aijaz"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458760", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recently emerged novel coronavirus, \"severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)\", caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus was first reported from Wuhan city in China in December, 2019, which in less than three months spread throughout the globe and was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th of March, 2020. So far, the ongoing pandemic severely damaged the world's most developed countries and is becoming a major threat for low- and middle-income countries. The poorest continent, Africa with the most vulnerable populations to infectious diseases, is predicted to be significantly affected by the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, in this review we collected and summarised the currently available literature on the epidemiology, etiology, vulnerability, preparedness and economic impact of COVID-19 in Africa, which could be useful and provide necessary information on ongoing COVID-19 pandemics in the continent. We also briefly summarised the concomitance of the COVID-19 pandemic and global warming."}, {"pmid": 32419718, "pmcid": "PMC7225702", "title": "[Acute coronary syndrome and shock in the context of acute COVID-19 infection].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Leon, Aridane Cardenes", "Meneses, Begona Hernandez", "Perez, Andres Sanchez", "Maria Novoa Medina, Jose", "Morun, Pablo Felipe Bujanda", "Lorenzo, Pedro Martin"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419718", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461066, "pmcid": "PMC7246016", "title": "The effect of state-level stay-at-home orders on COVID-19 infection rates.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Castillo, Renan C", "Staguhn, Elena D", "Weston-Farber, Elias"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461066", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "State-level stay-at-home orders were monitored to determine their effect on the rate of confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses. Confirmed cases were tracked before and after state-level stay-at-home orders were put in place. Linear regression techniques were used to determine slopes for log case count data, and meta analyses were conducted to combine data across states. The results were remarkably consistent across states and support the usefulness of stay-at-home orders in reducing COVID-19 infection rates."}, {"pmid": 32352637, "pmcid": "PMC7267224", "title": "Association of Obesity with Disease Severity among Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Kalligeros, Markos", "Shehadeh, Fadi", "Mylona, Evangelia K", "Benitez, Gregorio", "Beckwith, Curt G", "Chan, Philip A", "Mylonakis, Eleftherios"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352637", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to explore the potential association of obesity and other chronic diseases with severe outcomes, such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study analyzed a retrospective cohort of 103 patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Demographic data, past medical history, and hospital course were collected and analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was implemented to examine associations. From February 17 to April 5, 103 consecutive patients were hospitalized with COVID-19. Among them, 44 patients (42.7%) were admitted to the ICU, and 29 (65.9%) required IMV. The prevalence of obesity was 47.5% (49 of 103). In a multivariate analysis, severe obesity (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200935 kg/m2 ) was associated with ICU admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.39, 95% CI: 1.13-25.64). Moreover, patients who required IMV were more likely to have had heart disease (aOR: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.05-11.06), obesity (BMI\u2009=\u200930-34.9 kg/m2 ; aOR: 6.85, 95% CI: 1.05-44.82), or severe obesity (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200935 kg/m2 ; aOR: 9.99, 95% CI: 1.39-71.69). In our analysis, severe obesity (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200935 kg/m2 ) was associated with ICU admission, whereas history of heart disease and obesity (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200930 kg/m2 ) were independently associated with the use of IMV. Increased vigilance and aggressive treatment of patients with obesity and COVID-19 are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32425463, "pmcid": "PMC7228719", "title": "Personalizing Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Strategies in COVID-19-associated lung injury: the Utility of Lung Ultrasound.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Conway, Hannah", "Lau, Gary", "Zochios, Vasileios"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425463", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418760, "pmcid": "PMC7200369", "title": "Aerosol prevention in osteosynthesis for maxillofacial trauma - a technical note.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Grant, J", "Shafi, A", "Halsnad, M"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418760", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360509, "pmcid": "PMC7187861", "title": "What evidence-based medicine researchers can do to help clinicians fighting COVID-19?", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Ruano, Juan", "Gomez-Garcia, Francisco", "Pieper, Dawid", "Puljak, Livia"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360509", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293672, "pmcid": "PMC7184464", "title": "Cell type-specific expression of the putative SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in human hearts.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Nicin, Luka", "Abplanalp, Wesley Tyler", "Mellentin, Hannah", "Kattih, Badder", "Tombor, Lukas", "John, David", "Schmitto, Jan D", "Heineke, Jorg", "Emrich, Fabian", "Arsalan, Mani", "Holubec, Tomas", "Walther, Thomas", "Zeiher, Andreas M", "Dimmeler, Stefanie"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293672", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325391, "pmcid": "PMC7161515", "title": "Self-harm and COVID-19 Pandemic: An emerging concern - A report of 2 cases from India.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Sahoo, Swapnajeet", "Rani, Seema", "Parveen, Shaheena", "Pal Singh, Ajay", "Mehra, Aseem", "Chakrabarti, Subho", "Grover, Sandeep", "Tandup, Cheering"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325391", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330469, "pmcid": "PMC7172836", "title": "Managing Asthma during Coronavirus Disease-2019: An Example for Other Chronic Conditions in Children and Adolescents.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Abrams, Elissa M", "Szefler, Stanley J"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330469", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503706, "pmcid": "PMC7144595", "title": "Bedside Focused Cardiac Ultrasound in COVID-19 from the Wuhan Epicenter: The Role of Cardiac Point-of-Care Ultrasound, Limited Transthoracic Echocardiography, and Critical Care Echocardiography.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Zhang, Li", "Wang, Bin", "Zhou, Jianhua", "Kirkpatrick, James", "Xie, Mingxing", "Johri, Amer M"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503706", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Three cases of the application of focused cardiac ultrasound in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 are presented. Cardiac point-of-care ultrasound, limited transthoracic echocardiography, and critical care echocardiography were applied in cases of heart failure, pulmonary embolism, and myocarditis with thrombus respectively. The impact on patient management and the global context of each presentation are discussed. Focused cardiac point-of-care ultrasound played an important, front-line role in the bedside management of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China."}, {"pmid": 32474381, "pmcid": "PMC7248625", "title": "Is anosmia the price to pay in an immune-induced scorched-earth policy against COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Le Bon, S D", "Horoi, M"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474381", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), loss of smell has increasingly been reported as a frequent clinical sign. Understanding the underlying mechanism and the prognostic value of this symptom will help better manage patients. SARS-CoV-2, as SARS-CoV-1, may likely spread to the central nervous system (CNS) via the olfactory nerve, a known gateway for respiratory neurotropic viruses. We hypothesise that sudden loss of smell due to COVID-19 is the consequence of a protective host defence mechanism involving apoptosis of olfactory receptor neurons. Sacrificing smelling over neuroprotection is a logical strategy, even more so as olfaction is the only sense with the ability to regenerate in adults. Induced apoptosis of olfactory neurons has been shown in mice, successfully preventing neuroinvasion. On the other hand, adult olfactory neurogenesis has been shown to be regulated in part by the immune system, allowing to restore olfactory function. Understanding anosmia as part of a defence mechanism would support the concept of sudden anosmia as being a positive prognostic factor in the short term. Also, it may orient research to investigate the risk of future neurodegenerative disease linked to persisting coronavirus in neurons."}, {"pmid": 32345850, "pmcid": "PMC7202126", "title": "Collateral damage of the COVID-19 outbreak: expression of concern.", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Feral-Pierssens, Anne-Laure", "Claret, Pierre-Geraud", "Chouihed, Tahar"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345850", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457007, "pmcid": "PMC7200389", "title": "Hemodynamic Monitoring Options in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Rozental, Olga", "Thalappillil, Richard", "White, Robert S", "Kumar, Shreyajit R", "Tam, Christopher W"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457007", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442002, "title": "Troubleshoot It: Accuracy of Various Thermometer Types Is Important to Consider During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Biomed Instrum Technol", "authors": ["Crossley, Becky"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442002", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369284, "title": "A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Corrao, Salvatore", "Natoli, Giuseppe", "Cacopardo, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369284", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247797, "pmcid": "PMC7271324", "title": "Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: Perspectives from the Bergamo Neurosurgery Department.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Bernucci, Claudio", "Brembilla, Carlo", "Veiceschi, Pierlorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247797", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32194944, "pmcid": "PMC7062204.2", "title": "Prediction of the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) 3C-like protease (3CL (pro)) structure: virtual screening reveals velpatasvir, ledipasvir, and other drug repurposing candidates.", "journal": "F1000Res", "authors": ["Chen, Yu Wai", "Yiu, Chin-Pang Bennu", "Wong, Kwok-Yin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194944", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We prepared the three-dimensional model of the SARS-CoV-2 (aka 2019-nCoV) 3C-like protease (3CL pro) using the crystal structure of the highly similar (96% identity) ortholog from the SARS-CoV. All residues involved in the catalysis, substrate binding and dimerisation are 100% conserved. Comparison of the polyprotein PP1AB sequences showed 86% identity. The 3C-like cleavage sites on the coronaviral polyproteins are highly conserved. Based on the near-identical substrate specificities and high sequence identities, we are of the opinion that some of the previous progress of specific inhibitors development for the SARS-CoV enzyme can be conferred on its SARS-CoV-2 counterpart. \u00a0With the 3CL pro molecular model, we performed virtual screening for purchasable drugs and proposed 16 candidates for consideration. Among these, the antivirals ledipasvir or velpatasvir are particularly attractive as therapeutics to combat the new coronavirus with minimal side effects, commonly fatigue and headache.\u00a0 The drugs Epclusa (velpatasvir/sofosbuvir) and Harvoni (ledipasvir/sofosbuvir) could be very effective owing to their dual inhibitory actions on two viral enzymes."}, {"pmid": 32525469, "title": "COVID-19: asymptomatic carrier transmission is an underestimated problem.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Zhao, Hong-Jun", "Lu, Xiao-Xiao", "Deng, Yi-Bin", "Tang, Yu-Jin", "Lu, Jia-Chun"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525469", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276140, "pmcid": "PMC7139239", "title": "Epigenetic dysregulation of ACE2 and interferon-regulated genes might suggest increased COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in lupus patients.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Sawalha, Amr H", "Zhao, Ming", "Coit, Patrick", "Lu, Qianjin"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276140", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 can result in severe respiratory complications and death. Patients with a compromised immune system are expected to be more susceptible to a severe disease course. In this report we suggest that patients with systemic lupus erythematous might be especially prone to severe COVID-19 independent of their immunosuppressed state from lupus treatment. Specifically, we provide evidence in lupus to suggest hypomethylation and overexpression of ACE2, which is located on the X chromosome and encodes a functional receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Oxidative stress induced by viral infections exacerbates the DNA methylation defect in lupus, possibly resulting in further ACE2 hypomethylation and enhanced viremia. In addition, demethylation of interferon-regulated genes, NF\u03baB, and key cytokine genes in lupus patients might exacerbate the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and increase the likelihood of cytokine storm. These arguments suggest that inherent epigenetic dysregulation in lupus might facilitate viral entry, viremia, and an excessive immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Further, maintaining disease remission in lupus patients is critical to prevent a vicious cycle of demethylation and increased oxidative stress, which will exacerbate susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection during the current pandemic. Epigenetic control of the ACE2 gene might be a target for prevention and therapy in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32185371, "pmcid": "PMC7075675", "title": "Coronavirus Pandemic and Worries during Pregnancy; a Letter to Editor.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Rashidi Fakari, Farzaneh", "Simbar, Masoumeh"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185371", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359483, "pmcid": "PMC7252123", "title": "Safeguarding cancer care in a post-COVID-19 world.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["The Lancet Oncology"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359483", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507353, "title": "Mortality from COVID-19: A cross-country comparison of containment versus mitigation strategy.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chen, Yi-Hsuan", "Fang, Chi-Tai"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507353", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346223, "pmcid": "PMC7186767", "title": "Artificial intelligence vs COVID-19: limitations, constraints and pitfalls.", "journal": "AI Soc", "authors": ["Naude, Wim"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346223", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper provides an early evaluation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) against COVID-19. The main areas where AI can contribute to the fight against COVID-19 are discussed. It is concluded that AI has not yet been impactful against COVID-19. Its use is hampered by a lack of data, and by too much data. Overcoming these constraints will require a careful balance between data privacy and public health, and rigorous human-AI interaction. It is unlikely that these will be addressed in time to be of much help during the present pandemic. In the meantime, extensive gathering of diagnostic data on who is infectious will be essential to save lives, train AI, and limit economic damages."}, {"pmid": 32343501, "title": "Allocating Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Firth, Paul", "Eyal, Nir"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343501", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320478, "pmcid": "PMC7264499", "title": "Risks of ACE Inhibitor and ARB Usage in COVID-19: Evaluating the Evidence.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Sriram, Krishna", "Insel, Paul A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320478", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Concerns have been raised regarding the safety of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), based on the hypothesis that such medications may raise expression of ACE2, the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2\u00a0(SARS-CoV-2). We conducted a literature review of studies (n\u00a0=\u00a012) in experimental animals and human subjects (n\u00a0=\u00a012) and evaluated the evidence regarding the impact of administration of ACEIs and ARBs on ACE2 expression. We prioritized studies that assessed ACE2 protein expression data, measured directly or inferred from ACE2 activity assays. The findings in animals are inconsistent with respect to an increase in ACE2 expression in response to treatment with ACEIs or ARBs. Control/sham animals show little to no effect in the plurality of studies. Those studies that report increases in ACE2 expression tend to involve acute injury models and/or higher doses of ACEIs or ARBs than are typically administered to patients. Data from human studies overwhelmingly imply that administration of ACEIs/ARBs does not increase ACE2 expression. Available evidence, in particular, data from human studies, does not support the hypothesis that ACEI/ARB use increases ACE2 expression and the risk of complications from COVID-19. We conclude that patients being treated with ACEIs and ARBs should continue their use for approved indications."}, {"pmid": 32516187, "title": "Exercise-related Mental Health Problems and Solutions during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Curr Sports Med Rep", "authors": ["Morrey, Luke B", "Roberts, William O", "Wichser, Lora"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516187", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459668, "pmcid": "PMC7273938", "title": "Perioperative Considerations for Tracheostomies in The Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Gosling, Andre F", "Bose, Somnath", "Gomez, Ernest", "Parikh, Mihir", "Cook, Charles", "Sarge, Todd", "Shaefi, Shahzad", "Leibowitz, Akiva"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459668", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The morbidity, mortality and blistering pace of transmission of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an unprecedented worldwide health crisis. COVID-19, the disease produced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, is remarkable for persistent, severe respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation that places considerable strain on critical care resources. Because recovery from COVID-19 associated respiratory failure can be prolonged, tracheostomy may facilitate patient management and optimize use of mechanical ventilators. Several important considerations apply to planning tracheostomies for COVID-19 infected patients. After performing a literature review of tracheostomies during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreaks, we synthesized important learning points from these experiences and suggest an approach for perioperative teams involved in these procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic.Multidisciplinary teams should be involved in decisions regarding timing and appropriateness of the procedure. As the theoretical risk of disease transmission is increased during aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), stringent infectious precautions are warranted. Personal protective equipment (PPE) should be available and worn by all personnel present during tracheostomy. The number of people in the room should be limited to those absolute necessary. Using the most experienced available operators will minimize the total time that staff are exposed to an infectious aerosolized environment. An approach that secures the airway in the safest and quickest manner will minimize the time any part of the airway is open to the environment. Deep neuromuscular blockade (train of four ratio = 0) will facilitate surgical exposure and prevent aerosolization due to patient movement or coughing. For percutaneous tracheostomies, the bronchoscopist should be able to reintubate if needed. Closed-loop communication must occur at all times among members of the team. If possible after tracheostomy is performed, waiting until the patient is virus free before changing the cannula or downsizing may reduce the chances of healthcare worker infection.Tracheostomies in COVID-19 patients present themselves as extremely high-risk for all members of the procedural team. To mitigate risk, systematic meticulous planning of each procedural step is warranted along with strict adherence to local/institutional protocols."}, {"pmid": 32238979, "title": "'Dental Hierarchy of Needs' in the COVID-19 Era - or Why Treat When It Doesn't Hurt?", "journal": "Oral Health Prev Dent", "authors": ["Berlin-Broner, Yuli", "Levin, Liran"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416116, "pmcid": "PMC7229463", "title": "Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Hirsch, Jamie S", "Ng, Jia H", "Ross, Daniel W", "Sharma, Purva", "Shah, Hitesh H", "Barnett, Richard L", "Hazzan, Azzour D", "Fishbane, Steven", "Jhaveri, Kenar D"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416116", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with patients hospitalized with Covid-19, and associated outcomes are not well understood. This study describes the presentation, risk factors and outcomes of AKI in patients hospitalized with Covid-19. We reviewed the health records for all patients hospitalized with Covid-19 between March 1, and April 5, 2020, at 13 academic and community hospitals in metropolitan New York. Patients younger than 18 years of age, with end stage kidney disease or with a kidney transplant were excluded. AKI was defined according to KDIGO criteria. Of 5,449 patients admitted with Covid-19, AKI developed in 1,993 (36.6%). The peak stages of AKI were stage 1 in 46.5%, stage 2 in 22.4% and stage 3 in 31.1%. Of these, 14.3% required renal replacement therapy (RRT). AKI was primarily seen in Covid-19 patients with respiratory failure, with 89.7% of patients on mechanical ventilation developing AKI compared to 21.7% of non-ventilated patients. 276/285 (96.8%) of patients requiring RRT were on ventilators. Of patients who required ventilation and developed AKI, 52.2% had the onset of AKI within 24 hours of intubation. Risk factors for AKI included older age, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, black race, hypertension and need for ventilation and vasopressor medications. Among patients with AKI, 694 died (35%), 519 (26%) were discharged and 780 (39%) were still hospitalized. AKI occurs frequently among patients with Covid-19 disease. It occurs early and in temporal association with respiratory failure and is associated with a poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32302975, "title": "Androgen hazards with COVID-19.", "journal": "Endocr Relat Cancer", "authors": ["Sharifi, Nima", "Ryan, Charles J"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302975", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201983, "title": "Dermatology staff participate in fight against Covid-19 in China.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Zheng, Y", "Lai, W"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201983", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429121, "title": "Forecasting COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations under Different Levels of Social Distancing in Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy: Results from an Extended SEIR Compartmental Model.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Reno, Chiara", "Lenzi, Jacopo", "Navarra, Antonio", "Barelli, Eleonora", "Gori, Davide", "Lanza, Alessandro", "Valentini, Riccardo", "Tang, Biao", "Fantini, Maria Pia"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429121", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of 17 April 2020, more than 2 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported worldwide. Northern Italy is one of the world's centers of active coronavirus cases. In this study, we predicted the spread of COVID-19 and its burden on hospital care under different conditions of social distancing in Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, the two regions of Italy most affected by the epidemic. To do this, we used a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) deterministic model, which encompasses compartments relevant to public health interventions such as quarantine. A new compartment L was added to the model for isolated infected population, i.e., individuals tested positives that do not need hospital care. We found that in Lombardy restrictive containment measures should be prolonged at least until early July to avoid a resurgence of hospitalizations; on the other hand, in Emilia-Romagna the number of hospitalized cases could be kept under a reasonable amount with a higher contact rate. Our results suggest that territory-specific forecasts under different scenarios are crucial to enhance or take new containment measures during the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32497912, "pmcid": "PMC7201234", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 epidemic on coronary care unit accesses for acute coronary syndrome in Veneto region, Italy.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Franco, Folino", "Alessandro, Zorzi", "Carlo, Cernetti", "Domenico, Marchese", "Giampaolo, Pasquetto", "Loris, Roncon", "Salvatore, Sacca", "Sakis, Themistoclakis", "Giovanni, Turiano", "Roberto, Verlato", "Martina, Perazzolo Marra", "Dario, Gregori", "Sabino, Iliceto"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497912", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352078, "pmcid": "PMC7188625", "title": "Author's reply - Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Lei, Shaoqing", "Jiang, Fang", "Xia, Zhong-Yuan", "Xia, Zhengyuan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352078", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371562, "title": "Keep cystic fibrosis patients out of the hospital.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Dasenbrook, Elliot"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371562", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No specific data exists regarding management of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who are infected with COVID-19. Based on expert opinion, strategies for outpatient management include use of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor to reduce pulmonary exacerbations, telemedicine, adherence to prescribed regimens, prompt and aggressive treatment of CF exacerbations, and communication about COVID-19 with patients with CF. Strategies for inpatient management may vary due to special precautions to avoid the aerosolization of COVID-19 with the use of nebulized medications and other therapies."}, {"pmid": 32203324, "pmcid": "PMC7094919", "title": "COVID-19 and the crisis of national development.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["van Staden, Cobus"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203324", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494800, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and simultaneous acute anteroseptal and inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.", "journal": "Cardiovasc J Afr", "authors": ["Yolcu, Mustafa", "Gunesdogdu, Fusun", "Bektas, Metin", "Bayirli, Derya Turan", "Serefhanoglu, Kivanc"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494800", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently recognised pandemic spreading rapidly from Wuhan, Hubei, to other provinces in China and to many countries around the world. The number of COVID-19-related deaths is steadily increasing. Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality rates, and primary percutaneous coronary intervention is usually recommended for the treatment. A patient with diabetes mellitus and hypertension for five years was admitted to the emergency unit with symptoms of fever, cough and dyspnoea. These symptoms were consistent with viral pneumonia and a COVID PCR test was performed, which tested positive three days later. The patient had chest pain on the eighth day of hospitalisation. On electrocardiography, simultaneous acute inferior and anterior STEMI were identified. High levels of stress and increased metabolic demand in these patients may lead to concomitant thrombosis of different coronary arteries, presenting with two different STEMIs."}, {"pmid": 32332492, "title": "COVID-19 and changing social norms.", "journal": "Nursing", "authors": ["Laskowski-Jones, Linda"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332492", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502132, "title": "Airway management in the operating room and interventional suites in known or suspected COVID-19 adult patients: a practical review.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Thiruvenkatarajan, Venkatesan", "Wong, David T", "Kothandan, Harikrishnan", "Sekhar, Vimal", "Adhikary, Sanjib Das", "Currie, John", "Van Wijk, Roelof"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502132", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current evidence suggests that Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread occurs via respiratory droplets (particles >5 \u00b5m), and possibly through aerosol. The rate of transmission remains high during airway management. This was evident during the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic where those who were involved in tracheal intubation had a higher risk of infection than those who were not involved (odds ratio 6.6). We describe specific airway management principles for patients with known or suspected COVID-19 disease for an array of critical care and procedural settings. We conducted a thorough search of the available literature of airway management of COVID-19 across a variety of international settings. In addition, we have analyzed various medical professional body recommendations for common procedural practices such as interventional cardiology, gastroenterology and pulmonology. A systematic process that aims to protect the operators involved via appropriate personal protective equipment, avoidance of unnecessary patient contact and minimalization of periprocedural aerosol generation are key components to successful airway management. For operating room cases requiring general anesthesia or complex interventional procedures, tracheal intubation should be the preferred option. For interventional procedures when tracheal intubation is not indicated, cautious conscious sedation appears to be a reasonable approach. Awake intubation should be avoided unless it is absolutely necessary. Extubation is a high-risk procedure for aerosol and droplet spread and needs thorough planning and preparation. As updates and modifications in the management of COVID-19 are still evolving, local guidelines, appraised at regular intervals, are vital in optimizing clinical management."}, {"pmid": 32456948, "pmcid": "PMC7165120", "title": "Cardiovascular disease potentially contributes to the progression and poor prognosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Li, Mingyue", "Dong, Yalan", "Wang, Haijun", "Guo, Weina", "Zhou, Haifeng", "Zhang, Zili", "Tian, Chunxia", "Du, Keye", "Zhu, Rui", "Wang, Li", "Zhao, Lei", "Fan, Heng", "Luo, Shanshan", "Hu, Desheng"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456948", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused pneumonia, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), broke out in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and spread all over the world. Patients with COVID-19 showed huge differences in the hospital stay, progression, and prognosis. As reported, the comorbidities may play an important role in COVID-19. Here, we aim to address the role of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the progression and prognosis of COVID-19. Eighty-three confirmed COVID-19 patients were divided into CVD (n\u00a0=\u00a042) and non-CVD (n\u00a0=\u00a041) group according to their medical history. Medical records including demographic data, medical history, clinical characteristics, laboratory examinations, chest computed tomography (CT), and treatment measures were collected, analyzed, and compared between the two groups. COVID-19 patients with CVD showed (1) more severe pathological changes in the lungs, (2) elevated injury-related enzymes including \u03b1-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HDBH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), \u03b3-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), (3) significantly increased uncontrolled inflammation related markers, such as c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, serum ferritin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and serum amyloid A (SAA), (4) serious hypercoagulable status reflected by increased D-dimer and serum fibrinogen (FIB), and (5) higher mortality, compared to COVID-19 patients without CVD. Our data indicated that CVD is a strong risk factor for rapid progression and bad prognosis of COVID-19. More intensive medical care should be applied to patients with CVD to prevent rapid deterioration of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32347966, "pmcid": "PMC7267292", "title": "An Evolving Approach to the Laboratory Assessment of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lu, Hongzhou", "Stratton, Charles W", "Tang, Yi-Wei"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347966", "countries": ["United States", "China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 outbreak has evolved in each country, the approach to the laboratory assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection has had to evolve as well. This review addresses the evolving approach to the laboratory assessment of COVID-19 and discusses how algorithms for testing have been driven, in part, by the demand for testing overwhelming the capacity to accomplish such testing. This review focused on testing in the United States as this testing is evolving whereas in China and other countries such as South Korea testing is widely available and includes both molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2 as well as serological testing using both ELISA methodology and lateral flow immunoassay methodology. Although commercial testing systems are becoming available, there will likely be insufficient numbers of such tests due to high demand. Serological testing will be the next testing issue as the COVID-19 begins to subside. This will allow immunity testing as well as will allow the parameters of the COVID-19 outbreak to be defined. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32371949, "pmcid": "PMC7198844", "title": "Immune dysfunction leads to mortality and organ injury in patients with COVID-19 in China: insights from ERS-COVID-19 study.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Li, Dongze", "Chen, You", "Liu, Hong", "Jia, Yu", "Li, Fanghui", "Wang, Wei", "Wu, Jiang", "Wan, Zhi", "Cao, Yu", "Zeng, Rui"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371949", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385639, "pmcid": "PMC7209762", "title": "Neurosurgeons on the frontline of COVID-19: no place for surgery?", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Gandia-Gonzalez, Maria L", "Saez-Alegre, Miguel", "Roda, Jose M"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385639", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339561, "pmcid": "PMC7195357", "title": "Considerations for Bedside Urologic Procedures in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Souders, Colby P", "Zhao, Hanson", "Ackerman, A Lenore"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339561", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide guidance when performing bedside urologic procedures on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive patients and offer considerations to maximize the safety of the patients and providers, conserve supplies, and provide optimal management of urologic issues. Urologic trainees and attending physicians at our institution, who are familiar with existing safety recommendations and guidelines regarding the care of infected patients, were queried regarding their experiences to determine an expert consensus on best practices for bedside procedures for SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Our team developed the following general recommendations for urologic interventions on SARS-CoV-2 positive patients: maximize use of telehealth (even for inpatient consults), minimize in-room time, use personal protective equipment appropriately, enlist a colleague to assist, and acquire all supplies that may be needed and maintain them outside the room. Detailed recommendations were also developed for difficult urethral catheterization, bedside cystoscopy, incision and drainage of abscesses, and gross hematuria/clot irrigations. As patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection are predominantly men over 50 years old, there are significant urologic challenges common in this population that have emerged with this pandemic. While there is tremendous variation in how different regions have been affected, the demographics of SARS-CoV-2 mean that urologists will continue to have a unique role in helping to manage these patients. Here, we summarize recommendations for bedside urologic interventions specific to SARS-CoV-2 positive patients based on experiences from a large metropolitan hospital system. Regulations and requirements may differ on an institutional basis, so these guidelines are intended to augment specific local protocols."}, {"pmid": 32307130, "pmcid": "PMC7152922", "title": "Personal protective equipment and Covid 19- a risk to healthcare staff?", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Herron, J B T", "Hay-David, A G C", "Gilliam, A D", "Brennan, P A"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307130", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392488, "pmcid": "PMC7124163", "title": "Transmission of coronavirus by nebulizer: a serious, underappreciated risk.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Amirav, Israel", "Newhouse, Michael T"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392488", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285349, "pmcid": "PMC7152973", "title": "Reflections on life in the time of the Coronavirus pandemic, from the viewpoint of two people who have experienced dialysis and kidney transplantation.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Picillo, Rossella", "Seman, Alina"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285349", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32105468, "pmcid": "PMC7094172", "title": "Structure-Based Stabilization of Non-native Protein-Protein Interactions of Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins in Antiviral Drug Design.", "journal": "J Med Chem", "authors": ["Lin, Shan-Meng", "Lin, Shih-Chao", "Hsu, Jia-Ning", "Chang, Chung-Ke", "Chien, Ching-Ming", "Wang, Yong-Sheng", "Wu, Hung-Yi", "Jeng, U-Ser", "Kehn-Hall, Kylene", "Hou, Ming-Hon"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105468", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Structure-based stabilization of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is a promising strategy for drug discovery. However, this approach has mainly focused on the stabilization of native PPIs, and non-native PPIs have received little consideration. Here, we identified a non-native interaction interface on the three-dimensional dimeric structure of the N-terminal domain of the MERS-CoV nucleocapsid protein (MERS-CoV N-NTD). The interface formed a conserved hydrophobic cavity suitable for targeted drug screening. By considering the hydrophobic complementarity during the virtual screening step, we identified 5-benzyloxygramine as a new N protein PPI orthosteric stabilizer that exhibits both antiviral and N-NTD protein-stabilizing activities. X-ray crystallography and small-angle X-ray scattering showed that 5-benzyloxygramine stabilizes the N-NTD dimers through simultaneous hydrophobic interactions with both partners, resulting in abnormal N protein oligomerization that was further confirmed in the cell. This unique approach based on the identification and stabilization of non-native PPIs of N protein could be applied toward drug discovery against CoV diseases."}, {"pmid": 32296994, "pmcid": "PMC7158753", "title": "The double burden of disease of COVID-19 in cardiovascular patients: overlapping conditions could lead to overlapping treatments.", "journal": "Eur J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Jaramillo, Nathalia", "Low, Nicola", "Franco, Oscar H"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296994", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438371, "title": "Structure of replicating SARS-CoV-2 polymerase.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Hillen, Hauke S", "Kokic, Goran", "Farnung, Lucas", "Dienemann, Christian", "Tegunov, Dimitry", "Cramer, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438371", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 uses an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) for the replication of its genome and the transcription of its genes1-3. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopic structure of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp in active form, mimicking the replicating enzyme. The structure comprises the viral proteins nsp12, nsp8, and nsp7, and over two turns of RNA template-product duplex. The active site cleft of nsp12 binds the first turn of RNA and mediates RdRp activity with conserved residues. Two copies of nsp8 bind to opposite sides of the cleft and position the second turn of RNA. Long helical extensions in nsp8 protrude along exiting RNA, forming positively charged 'sliding poles'. These sliding poles can account for the known processivity of the RdRp that is required for replicating the long coronavirus genome3. Our results enable a detailed analysis of the inhibitory mechanisms that underlie the antiviral activity of substances such as remdesivir, a drug for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)4."}, {"pmid": 32315073, "title": "Cutaneous Clinico-Pathological Findings in three COVID-19-Positive Patients Observed in the Metropolitan Area of Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Acta Derm Venereol", "authors": ["Gianotti, Raffaele", "Veraldi, Stefano", "Recalcati, Sebastiano", "Cusini, Marco", "Ghislanzoni, Massimo", "Boggio, Francesca", "Fox, Lindy P"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315073", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299929, "title": "Top EU scientist ousted over plans for coronavirus research.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Wallace, Nicholas"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299929", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335171, "pmcid": "PMC7177072", "title": "Clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 family clusters in Beijing, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Song, Rui", "Han, Bing", "Song, Meihua", "Wang, Lin", "Conlon, Christopher P", "Dong, Tao", "Tian, Di", "Zhang, Wei", "Chen, Zhihai", "Zhang, Fujie", "Shi, Mang", "Li, Xingwang"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335171", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its discovery, SARS-CoV-2 has been spread throughout China before becoming a global pandemic. In Beijing, family clusters are the main mode of human-human transmission accounting for 57.6% of the total confirmed cases. We present the epidemiological and clinical features of the clusters of three large and one small families. Our results revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted quickly through contact with index case, and a total of 22/24 infections were observed. Among those infected, 20/22 had mild symptoms and only two had moderate to severe clinical manifestations. Children in the families generally showed milder symptoms. The incubation period varied from 2 to 13 days, and the shedding of virus from the upper respiratory tract lasted from 5 to over 30 days. A prolonged period of virus shedding (>30 days) in upper respiratory tract was observed in 6/24 cases. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted quickly in the form of family clusters. While the infection rate is high within the cluster, the disease manifestations, latent period, and virus shedding period varied greatly. We therefore recommend rigorously testing contacts even during the no-symptom phase and consider whether viral shedding has ceased before stopping isolation measures for an individual."}, {"pmid": 32441373, "pmcid": "PMC7267127", "title": "Will teledermatology be the silver lining during and after COVID-19?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Sharma, Aseem", "Jindal, Veenu", "Singla, Palvi", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Mhatre, Madhulika"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441373", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has limited traditional consultation and minimized health care access. Teledermatology (TD) has come to the rescue in this situation by extending consultation for nonessential conditions to the comfort of patient's homes. This limits the risk of exposure of both doctors and patients to the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). And while there is a reported increase in teleconsultations during the ongoing pandemic, there are some demerits that avert the shift to virtualized health care. The authors conducted an online survey to further understand the hesitancy, limitations, merits, and the demographic of dermatologists who were conducive to TD and these data were analyzed and presented in this article. While TD might never replace physical consultation, it definitely serves an adjunctive role in the post-COVID era, provided adequate regulatory measures are in place."}, {"pmid": 32520506, "title": "Incidental Discovery of a COVID-19 Infection on a Reevaluation FDG PET/CT in a Patient Treated for Hodgkin Lymphoma.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Simand, Celestine", "Bund, Caroline", "Guffroy, Blandine", "Chaban, Vitaliy", "Herbrecht, Raoul"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520506", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the results of F-FDG PET/CT in an asymptomatic case of COVID-19 infection. A 27-year-old woman underwent FDG PET/CT for revaluation of a stage IIIE B Hodgkin lymphoma after the fourth cycle of chemotherapy. It showed intense avid FDG subpleural mixed ground-glass and consolidative lesions, especially in the left lung. Because of this morpho-metabolic aspect and the epidemic context, a viral pneumopathy was suspected. The patient who was initially asymptomatic was admitted for fever 28 hours after the PET/CT. The nasopharyngeal swab was positive for COVID-19, and the outcome was favorable."}, {"pmid": 32352150, "title": "Age, comorbidity, frailty status: effects on disposition and resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Nickel, Christian Hans", "Rueegg, Marco", "Pargger, Hans", "Bingisser, Roland"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268300, "pmcid": "PMC7202497", "title": "Biomarkers of biological age as predictors of COVID-19 disease severity.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Lauc, Gordan", "Sinclair, David"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268300", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402155, "pmcid": "PMC7240771", "title": "Multiorgan and Renal Tropism of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Puelles, Victor G", "Lutgehetmann, Marc", "Lindenmeyer, Maja T", "Sperhake, Jan P", "Wong, Milagros N", "Allweiss, Lena", "Chilla, Silvia", "Heinemann, Axel", "Wanner, Nicola", "Liu, Shuya", "Braun, Fabian", "Lu, Shun", "Pfefferle, Susanne", "Schroder, Ann S", "Edler, Carolin", "Gross, Oliver", "Glatzel, Markus", "Wichmann, Dominic", "Wiech, Thorsten", "Kluge, Stefan", "Pueschel, Klaus", "Aepfelbacher, Martin", "Huber, Tobias B"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402155", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493489, "pmcid": "PMC7269420", "title": "Guidance for otolaryngology health care workers performing aerosol generating medical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Lammers, Marc J W", "Lea, Jane", "Westerberg, Brian D"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493489", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a predilection for infecting the mucosa of the upper and lower airways. Otolaryngologists and supporting health care workers (HCWs) are particularly at high risk of becoming infected while treating patients as many in-office procedures and surgeries are Aerosol Generating Medical Procedures (AGMP). Based on a review of the literature and various guidelines, recommendations are made to mitigate the risk to health care workers of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 while providing clinical care. During the COVID-19 pandemic all elective and non-time sensitive Otolaryngology procedures should be deferred to mitigate the risk of transmission of infection to HCWs. For non-AGMPs in all patients, even COVID-19 positive patients Level 1 PPE (surgical mask, gown, gloves and face shield or goggles) is sufficient. If local prevalence is favourable and patients are asymptomatic and test negative for SARS-CoV-2, Level 1 PPE can be used during short duration AGMPs, with limited risk of infected aerosol spread.\u00a0For AGMPs in patients who test positive\u00a0for SARS-CoV-2 a minimum of\u00a0Level 2 PPE, with adequate protection of mucosal surfaces, is recommended (N95/FFP2 respirator, gown, double gloves, goggles or face shield and head cover). For long duration AGMPs that are deemed high-risk in COVID-19 positive patients, Level 3 PPE can provide a higher level of protection and be more comfortable during long duration surgeries if surgical hoods or PAPRs are used. It\u00a0is recommended that these procedures are performed in negative pressure rooms, if available. It is essential to follow strict donning and doffing protocols to minimize the risk of contamination. By following strict infection prevention recommendations, the risk of HCWs becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 while treating patients can be minimized. As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves rapidly, these recommendations should serve as guidance and need to be interpreted based on local factors and availability of healthcare resources."}, {"pmid": 32442030, "title": "CT Features of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in 30 Pediatric Patients.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Steinberger, Sharon", "Lin, Bin", "Bernheim, Adam", "Chung, Michael", "Gao, Yuantong", "Xie, Zongyu", "Zhao, Tongtong", "Xia, Junli", "Mei, Xueyan", "Little, Brent P"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442030", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to characterize the CT findings of 30 children from mainland China who had laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Although recent American College of Radiology recommendations assert that CT should not be used as a screening or diagnostic tool for patients with suspected COVID-19, radiologists should be familiar with the imaging appearance of this disease to identify its presence in patients undergoing CT for other reasons. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We retrospectively reviewed the CT findings and clinical symptoms of 30 pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were seen at six centers in China from January 23, 2020, to February 8, 2020. Patient age ranged from 10 months to 18 years. Patients older than 18 years of age or those without chest CT examinations were excluded. Two cardiothoracic radiologists and a cardiothoracic imaging fellow characterized and scored the extent of lung involvement. Cohen kappa coefficient was used to calculate interobserver agreement between the readers. RESULTS. Among children, CT findings were often negative (77%). Positive CT findings seen in children included ground-glass opacities with a peripheral lung distribution, a crazy paving pattern, and the halo and reverse halo signs. There was a correlation between increasing age and increasing severity of findings, consistent with reported symptomatology in children. Eleven of 30 patients (37%) underwent follow-up chest CT, with 10 of 11 examinations (91%) showing no change, raising questions about the utility of CT in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 in children. CONCLUSION. The present study describes the chest CT findings encountered in children with COVID-19 and questions the utility of CT in the diagnosis and management of pediatric patients."}, {"pmid": 32338735, "pmcid": "PMC7197560", "title": "Fulminant myocarditis in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Cuomo, Vittoria", "Esposito, Roberta", "Santoro, Ciro"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338735", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479133, "title": "TMPRSS2 and ACE2 Coexpression in SARS-CoV-2 Salivary Glands Infection.", "journal": "J Dent Res", "authors": ["Pascolo, L", "Zupin, L", "Melato, M", "Tricarico, P M", "Crovella, S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479133", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268643, "title": "[The network investigation on knowledge, attitude and practice about COVID-19 of the residents in Anhui Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Y", "Jin, Y L", "Zhu, L J", "Fang, Z M", "Wu, N", "Du, M X", "Jiang, M M", "Wang, J", "Yao, Y S"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268643", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the current situation of the knowledge, attitudes and practice about COVID-19 of the residents in Anhui Province. Methods: Anonymous network sampling survey was carried out with an electronic questionnaire that designed by the questionnaire star, and a total of 4 016 subjects from Anhui province were investigated. The content of the survey includes that the basic information of subjects,the residents' knowledge, attitudes and practice about COVID-19, as well as their satisfaction with the prevention and control measures adopted by the government and health authorities and the suggestions on future prevention. The questionnaire doesn't involve any privacy information, and all questions were mandatory to ensure the response rate. Results: The M (P(25), P(75)) age the 4 016 subjects was 21 (19, 24) years old, and the ranging from 7 to 80 years old. The number of males was 1 431 (35.6%). Social networking tools such as WeChat and QQ were the main sources of epidemic information for residents (97.8%, 3 929 respondents). Residents had higher awareness rate of cough (99.5%,n=3 997) and fever (96.0%, n=3 857) symptoms, the transmission by droplets (99.5%, n=3 995), aerosol transmission (81.1%, n=3 258), and contact transmission (92.3%, n=3 708), but lower awareness of symptoms os muscle pain or fatigue (62.7%, n=2 518). 92.6% of the subjects (n=3 720) think that the outbreak was scary. In terms of psychological behavior scores, the results showed that female (9.38\u00b14.81), the urban (9.37\u00b15.02) and the medical workers (10.79\u00b15.19) had a poorer mental health than the male (8.45\u00b15.00), the rural (8.71\u00b14.75) and the non-medical workers (the students: 8.85\u00b14.83; public institude workers: 9.02\u00b15.08; others: 8.97\u00b15.39) (P<0.05). 71.9% of the residents (n=2 887) were satisfied with the local epidemic control measures. The residents took various of the measures to prevent and control the epidemic. The ratio of residents that could achieve \"no gathering and less going out\" , \"wear masks when going out \" and \" do not go to crowded and closed places \" was up to 97.4% (n=3 913), 93.6% (n=3 758) and 91.5% (n=3 673) respectively. Conclusion: The residents in Anhui province have a good KAP about COVID-19, yet it is necessary to strengthen the community publicity, the mental health maintenance of residents and students' health education."}, {"pmid": 32515386, "title": "Glucovigilance in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Lamptey, Roberta", "Ahomagnon, Sedrick", "Acheampong, Franklin", "Kalra, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515386", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has influenced clinical care in unprecedented ways. There is an urgent need to share best practice in providing diabetes care services in areas affected by COVID. This is a brief review for clinicians managing diabetes in low-income countries based on currently available data. The data is rapidly evolving; however, people with diabetes and its related comorbidities have increased risk for severe disease, and prolonged recovery and mortality. This review is also informed by data from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), caused by MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). These two viruses share similarities with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus with causes COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 was also known as 2019-nCOV. We discuss glucovigilance in COVID-19, the challenges and the opportunities. We put a spotlight on investigational new drugs for treatment of COVID medications and virtual care. Diabetologists and clinicians handling high-volume diabetes clinics are at increased risk for contracting COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32503613, "pmcid": "PMC7274565", "title": "An urgent call to address the nutritional status of women and children in Nepal during COVID-19 crises.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Panthi, Bindu", "Khanal, Pratik", "Dahal, Minakshi", "Maharjan, Sajana", "Nepal, Sushil"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503613", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the ongoing nationwide lockdown in Nepal, women and children face a greater risk of malnutrition and eventually leading to mortality and morbidity. To harness the progress made so far in improving the nutritional status of women and children, a focus on nutrition should be a part of the COVID-19 response plan."}, {"pmid": 32430154, "pmcid": "PMC7192140", "title": "Hypolipidemia is associated with the severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Lipidol", "authors": ["Wei, Xiuqi", "Zeng, Wenjuan", "Su, Jingyu", "Wan, Huimin", "Yu, Xinqin", "Cao, Xiaoling", "Tan, Wenbin", "Wang, Hui"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430154", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suffer multiple organ dysfunctions. However, whether patients develop dyslipidemia is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the pathological alterations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and total cholesterol (TC) in COVID-19 patients and their relationships with the disease severity. A retrospective study was performed to examine serum levels of LDL-c, HDL-c, and TC on 597 COVID-19 patients (mild: 394; severe, 171; critical: 32) who were hospitalized in our center between February 1 and March 3, 2020. Age- and gender-matched normal subjects (n\u00a0=\u00a050) who had routine laboratory lipid tests between October 1 and November 1, 2019 in our center were included as the control group. LDL-c and TC levels were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients as compared with normal subjects (P\u00a0<\u00a0.001). There were significant and gradual decreases in levels of LDL-c (median (IQR) in mg/dL, mild: 91 (76, 104); severe: 86 (69, 102); critical: 69 (48, 81); P\u00a0<\u00a0.02) and TC (mild: 173 (148, 203); severe: 167 (138, 197); critical: 125 (95, 162); P\u00a0<\u00a0.05) across all three groups. HDL-c levels only decreased significantly in critical cases as compared with levels in mild and severe cases. LDL-c and TC levels inversely correlated with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, and positively correlated with the number of lymphocytes in patients. Development of hypolipidemia begins in patients with mild symptoms. It progressively becomes worse in an association with the disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32341077, "title": "Nutritional status and COVID-19: an opportunity for lasting change?", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Mehta, Shameer"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341077", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed many healthcare systems, including the NHS, under unprecedented pressure. Mortality appears to be highest among older people and those with comorbidities, who are also often the most at risk of undernutrition in society. Despite international efforts to identify a specific treatment, therapy remains supportive and is principally focused on optimising respiratory function. However, the timely identification and correction of undernutrition also have the potential to improve outcomes cost-effectively, and should not be forgotten. This piece outlines why nutritional status may be particularly compromised during this crisis, among both the population and hospital inpatients. Practical steps to improve nutritional status at a time when hospital services are particularly stretched are also considered. Finally, the case is made for behaviour change at all levels including government, the general population and healthcare professionals."}, {"pmid": 32304797, "pmcid": "PMC7159871", "title": "Virtual Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Disruptive Technology in Graduate Medical Education.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Almarzooq, Zaid I", "Lopes, Mathew", "Kochar, Ajar"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304797", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32264922, "pmcid": "PMC7137402", "title": "COVID-19 and the RAAS-a potential role for angiotensin II?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Busse, Laurence W", "Chow, Jonathan H", "McCurdy, Michael T", "Khanna, Ashish K"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264922", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464493, "pmcid": "PMC7238987", "title": "Hypoxia inducible factor-1 protects against COVID-19: A hypothesis.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Afsar, Baris", "Kanbay, Mehmet", "Afsar, Rengin Elsurer"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464493", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253371, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urology residency training in Italy.", "journal": "Minerva Urol Nefrol", "authors": ["Amparore, Daniele", "Claps, Francesco", "Cacciamani, Giovanni E", "Esperto, Francesco", "Fiori, Cristian", "Liguori, Giovanni", "Serni, Sergio", "Trombetta, Carlo", "Carini, Marco", "Porpiglia, Francesco", "Checcucci, Enrico", "Campi, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253371", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the global emergency scenario caused by COVID-19 pandemic, the Urology residents' training might be critically affected. To provide insights on this issue, a 25-items online Survey was sent to all Italian residents one month after the first case of COVID-19 in Italy, to evaluate their routine involvement in \"clinical\" (on-call duty, outpatient visits, diagnostic procedures) and \"surgical\" (endoscopic, open and minimally invasive surgery) training activities before and during the COVID-19 period. Overall, 351/577 (60.8%) residents completed the Survey. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of residents routinely involved in \"clinical\" and \"surgical\" activities ranged from 79.8% to 87.2% and from 49.3% to 73.5%, respectively. In the COVID-19 period, the proportion of residents experiencing a severe reduction (>40%) or complete suppression (>80%) of training exposure ranged between 41.1% and 81.2% for \"clinical\" activities while between 44.2% and 62.1% for \"surgical\" activities. This reduction was even more pronounced for residents attending the final year of training. Our study is the first to provide real-life data on how Urology residency training can be impaired during an emergency period. To address this challenge, strategies aiming to increase the use of telemedicine, smart learning programs and tele-mentoring of surgical procedures, are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32212513, "title": "The Trial of Chloroquine in the Treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 COVID-19 and Its Research Progress in Forensic Toxicology.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Duan, Y J", "Liu, Q", "Zhao, S Q", "Huang, F", "Ren, L", "Liu, L", "Zhou, Y W"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212513", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Autopsy of patients who died of infectious diseases is of significance for public health management. Few forensic autopsies have been performed since the outbreak of the corona virus disease 2019 \uff08COVID-19\uff09 due to some limitations, thus forensic pathological examination failed to contribute to the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Virtual autopsy has unique advantages in the forensic examination of patients who died of infectious diseases. Accumulated virtual autopsy image data are of great value to the study of the pathological mechanism and diagnosis of COVID-19. This article reviews the relationship between imaging changes and pathology of the COVID-19 as well as the application of virtual autopsy in autopsy of patients who died of infectious diseases, in order to provide reference for performing virtual autopsy in the outbreak of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32310914, "title": "[SARS-CoV-2 and the scientific community].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Di Pasquale, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310914", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304822, "pmcid": "PMC7158792", "title": "COVID-19: Four Paediatric Cases in Malaysia.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["See, K C", "Liew, S M", "Ng, David C E", "Chew, E L", "Khoo, E M", "Sam, C H", "Sheena, D", "Zahilah Filzah, Z", "Chin, S Y", "Lee, P Y", "Tan, L P", "Farah Najwa, Z", "Sabrina, S", "Them, W W", "Saipriya, T", "Muhammad Zamakhshari, Z A", "Cheah, W K", "Peariasamy, K", "Goh, P P", "Ibrahim, H"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304822", "countries": ["China", "Malaysia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a brief report of 4 paediatric cases of COVID-19 infection in Malaysia BACKGROUND: COVID-19, a coronavirus, first detected in Wuhan, China has now spread rapidly to over 60 countries and territories around the world, infecting more than 85000 individuals. As the case count amongst children is low, there is need to report COVID-19 in children to better understand the virus and the disease. In Malaysia, until end of February 2020, there were four COVID-19 paediatric cases with ages ranging from 20 months to 11 years. All four cases were likely to have contracted the virus in China. The children had no symptoms or mild flu-like illness. The cases were managed symptomatically. None required antiviral therapy. There were 2 major issues regarding the care of infected children. Firstly, the quarantine of an infected child with a parent who tested negative was an ethical dilemma. Secondly, oropharyngeal and nasal swabs in children were at risk of false negative results. These issues have implications for infection control. Consequently, there is a need for clearer guidelines for child quarantine and testing methods in the management of COVID-19 in children."}, {"pmid": 32487139, "pmcid": "PMC7265662", "title": "Cyclosporine A: a valid candidate to treat COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Cour, Martin", "Ovize, Michel", "Argaud, Laurent"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487139", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374007, "title": "Current practice and potential strategy in diagnosing COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Wan, D-Y", "Luo, X-Y", "Dong, W", "Zhang, Z-W"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374007", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To summarize the current practice and potential strategy in diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). PubMed, Web of Science were systematically searched using terms including \"COVID-19\", \"SARS-CoV-2\" and \"2019-nCoV\". After removing duplicates, we then identified articles, letters and commentaries regarding diagnosing COVID-19. Here we summarized relatively mature diagnostic methods like nuclear acid test and computed tomography. Besides, new aspects regarding these detection methods like suitable specimens for nuclear acid test, possible use of 18F-FDG PET/CT were also reported. Especially, we also presented several novel techniques for diagnosing COVID-19 like lung ultrasound. Chinese Clinical Guidance for COVID-19 Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment (7th edition) by National Health Commission is recommended to follow as it provides detailed diagnostic procedures using currently available tools. We suggest clinicians further explore the saliva's utility as a specimen for nuclear acid test and the use of lung ultrasound."}, {"pmid": 32523923, "pmcid": "PMC7279896", "title": "Pericardial Fluid in a COVID-19 Patient: Is It Exudate or Transudate?", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Allam, Hassan H", "Kinsara, Abdulhalim J", "Tuaima, Tareq", "Alfakih, Shadwan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523923", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Very limited information is available on pericardial effusion as a complication of COVID-19 infection. There are no reports regarding pericardial fluid findings in COVID-19 patients. We describe a 41-year-old woman, with confirmed COVID-19, who presented with a large pericardial effusion. The pericardial fluid was drained. We present the laboratory findings to improve knowledge of this virus. We believe this is the first such reported case. Findings suggested the fluid was exudative, with remarkably high lactate dehydrogenase and albumin levels. We hope our data provide additional insight into the diagnosis and therapeutic options for managing this infection.LEARNING POINTS: Laboratory findings of drained pericardial fluid in a patient with COVID-19 are presented.The clinical presentation of pericardial involvement in COVID-19 infection and the role of echocardiography in diagnosis and management are described."}, {"pmid": 32396505, "title": "US CDC Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR Panel for Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lu, Xiaoyan", "Wang, Lijuan", "Sakthivel, Senthilkumar K", "Whitaker, Brett", "Murray, Janna", "Kamili, Shifaq", "Lynch, Brian", "Malapati, Lakshmi", "Burke, Stephen A", "Harcourt, Jennifer", "Tamin, Azaibi", "Thornburg, Natalie J", "Villanueva, Julie M", "Lindstrom, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396505", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the etiologic agent associated with coronavirus disease, which emerged in late 2019. In response, we developed a diagnostic panel consisting of 3 real-time reverse transcription PCR assays targeting the nucleocapsid gene and evaluated use of these assays for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection. All assays demonstrated a linear dynamic range of 8 orders of magnitude and an analytical limit of detection of 5 copies/reaction of quantified RNA transcripts and 1 x 10-1.5 50% tissue culture infectious dose/mL of cell-cultured SARS-CoV-2. All assays performed comparably with nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal secretions, serum, and fecal specimens spiked with cultured virus. We obtained no false-positive amplifications with other human coronaviruses or common respiratory pathogens. Results from all 3 assays were highly correlated during clinical specimen testing. On February 4, 2020, the Food and Drug Administration issued an Emergency Use Authorization to enable emergency use of this panel."}, {"pmid": 32360580, "pmcid": "PMC7192119", "title": "Liu Shen capsule shows antiviral and anti-inflammatory abilities against novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 via suppression of NF-kappaB signaling pathway.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Ma, Qinhai", "Pan, Weiqi", "Li, Runfeng", "Liu, Bin", "Li, Chufang", "Xie, Yuqi", "Wang, Zhoulang", "Zhao, Jin", "Jiang, Haiming", "Huang, Jicheng", "Shi, Yongxia", "Dai, Jun", "Zheng, Kui", "Li, Xiaobo", "Yang, Zifeng"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360580", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide through person-to-person contact, causing a public health emergency of international concern. At present, there is no specific antiviral treatment recommended for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Liu Shen capsule (LS), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been proven to have a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. However, little is known about the antiviral effect of LS against SARS-CoV-2. Herein, the study was designed to investigate the antiviral activity of SARS-CoV-2 and its potential effect in regulating the host's immune response. The inhibitory effect of LS against SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells was evaluated by using the cytopathic effect (CPE) and plaque reduction assay. The number of virions of SARS-CoV-2 was observed under transmission electron microscope after treatment with LS. Proinflammatory cytokine expression levels upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in Huh-7 cells were measured by real-time quantitative PCR assays. The results showed that LS could significantly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells, and reduce the number of virus particles and it could markedly reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, IL-8, CCL-2/MCP-1 and CXCL-10/IP-10) production at the mRNA levels. Moreover, the expression of the key proteins in the NF-\u03baB/MAPK signaling pathway was detected by western blot and it was found that LS could inhibit the expression of p-NF-\u03baB p65, p-I\u03baB\u03b1 and p-p38 MAPK, while increasing the expression of I\u03baB\u03b1. These findings indicate that LS could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 virus infection via downregulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced virus and regulating the activity of NF-\u03baB/MAPK signaling pathway in vitro, making its promising candidate treatment for controlling COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32366506, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors face shortages of vital drugs, gases, and therapeutics, survey finds.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366506", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452819, "pmcid": "PMC7265797", "title": "Primary Health Care Facility Preparedness for Outpatient Service Provision During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Cross-Sectional Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Garg, Suneela", "Basu, Saurav", "Rustagi, Ruchir", "Borle, Amod"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452819", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Primary health centers (PHCs) represent the first tier of the Indian health care system, providing a range of essential outpatient services to people living in the rural, suburban, and hard-to-reach areas. Diversion of health care resources for containing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly undermined the accessibility and availability of essential health services. Under these circumstances, the preparedness of PHCs in providing safe patient-centered care and meeting the current health needs of the population while preventing further transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is crucial. The aim of this study was to determine the primary health care facility preparedness toward the provision of safe outpatient services during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. We conducted a cross-sectional study among supervisors and managers of primary health care facilities attached to medical colleges and institutions in India. A list of 60 faculties involved in the management and supervision of PHCs affiliated with the community medicine departments of medical colleges and institutes across India was compiled from an accessible private organization member database. We collected the data through a rapid survey from April 24 to 30, 2020, using a Google Forms online digital questionnaire that evaluated preparedness parameters based on self-assessment by the participants. The preparedness domains assessed were infrastructure availability, health worker safety, and patient care. A total of 51 faculties responded to the survey. Each medical college and institution had on average a total of 2.94 (SD 1.7) PHCs under its jurisdiction. Infrastructural and infection control deficits at the PHC were reported in terms of limited physical space and queuing capacity, lack of separate entry and exit gates (n=25, 49%), inadequate ventilation (n=29, 57%), and negligible airborne infection control measures (n=38, 75.5%). N95 masks were available at 26 (50.9%) sites. Infection prevention and control measures were also suboptimal with inadequate facilities for handwashing and hand hygiene reported in 23.5% (n=12) and 27.4% (n=14) of sites, respectively. The operation of outpatient services, particularly related to maternal and child health, was significantly disrupted (P<.001) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Existing PHC facilities in India providing outpatient services are constrained in their functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic due to weak infrastructure contributing to suboptimal patient safety and infection control measures. Furthermore, there is a need for effective planning, communication, and coordination between the centralized health policy makers and health managers working at primary health care facilities to ensure overall preparedness during public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32388123, "pmcid": "PMC7152877", "title": "How to manage obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) under COVID-19: A clinician's guide from the International College of Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) and the Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Research Network (OCRN) of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology.", "journal": "Compr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Fineberg, N A", "Van Ameringen, M", "Drummond, L", "Hollander, E", "Stein, D J", "Geller, D", "Walitza, S", "Pallanti, S", "Pellegrini, L", "Zohar, J", "Rodriguez, C I", "Menchon, J M", "Morgado, P", "Mpavaenda, D", "Fontenelle, L F", "Feusner, J D", "Grassi, G", "Lochner, C", "Veltman, D J", "Sireau, N", "Carmi, L", "Adam, D", "Nicolini, H", "Dell'Osso, B"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388123", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496245, "title": "Significance of super spreader events in COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Kumar, Sanjiv", "Jha, Shreya", "Rai, Sanjay Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496245", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of secondary cases from each primary case determines how fast an epidemic grows. It is known that all cases do not spread the infection equally; super spreaders play an important role as they contribute disproportionately to a much larger number of cases including in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Super spreaders have been reported for more than a century, but limited information is available in scientific literature. An epidemic containment strategy needs to include early identification of super spreaders to limit an explosive growth. Super spreaders tend to get stigmatized, resulting in late reporting and hiding of cases. It is important for program managers to be sensitive to the manner in which related information is shared with media and general public."}, {"pmid": 32363963, "title": "Mucous membrane pemphigoid and COVID-19 treated with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins: a case report.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Daneshpazhooh, Maryam", "Soori, Tahereh", "Isazade, Ahdie", "Noormohammadpour, Pedram"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363963", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a report of a case with mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) with severe eye involvement and concurrent COVID-19 treated successfully using simultaneous high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and anti-viral treatment as hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and ribavirin. He had finished a 2-g cycle of rituximab (RTX) in late January. He was receiving mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for one month and 30\u2009mg prednisolone for three months until his hospitalization. Prednisolone was tapered to 15\u2009mg when current COVID-19 was suspected, considering his recent cough, dyspnea, and fever."}, {"pmid": 32431291, "pmcid": "PMC7238744", "title": "Rapid reviews for rapid decision-making during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Norway, 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Fretheim, Atle", "Brurberg, Kjetil G", "Forland, Frode"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431291", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to urgent needs for updated evidence for decision-making on various aspects related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the Norwegian Institute of Public Health established a rapid review team. Using simplified processes and shortcuts, this team produces summary reviews on request within 1-3 days that inform advice provided by the institute. All reviews are published with explicit messages about the risk of overlooking key evidence or making misguided judgements by using such rapid processes."}, {"pmid": 32455170, "pmcid": "PMC7234865", "title": "Understanding COVID-19 in children may provide clues to protect at-risk populations.", "journal": "BMJ Paediatr Open", "authors": ["Do, Lien Anh Ha", "Anderson, Jeremy", "Sutton, Philip", "Pellicci, Daniel G", "Mulholland, Kim", "Licciardi, Paul V"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455170", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458425, "title": "Compassionate use of hzVSF-v13 in two patients with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kang, Chang Kyung", "Choe, Pyoeng Gyun", "Park, Sungman", "Kim, Taek Soo", "Seong, Moon-Woo", "Kim, Nam-Joong", "Oh, Myoung-Don", "Park, Wan Beom", "Kim, Yoon-Won"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458425", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312755, "title": "Impact of cancelling foundation year rotations due to the covid-19 outbreak in the UK.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Ding, Anni", "Zhang, Yuanpei"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312755", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449272, "title": "Lung ultrasonography in COVID-19: a gamechanger in the Stroke Unit?", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Lugnan, Carlo", "Tommasini, Valentina", "Furlanis, Giovanni", "Naccarato, Marcello", "Caruso, Paola", "Scali, Ilario", "Buoite Stella, Alex", "Ajcevic, Milos", "Cillotto, Tommaso", "Manganotti, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449272", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly spreading worldwide, and the WHO declared its pandemic nature on 11th March 20201 . The outbreak has hit Europe and, as of April 19, 2020, Italy has the third largest number of confirmed cases, namely a total of 175,925 cases and 23,227 deaths according to the John Hopkins University2 . This is the largest health and economic emergency of our country since the post-war period, and many hospitals are now dedicated exclusively to COVID-19 assistance. Our University Hub Stroke Unit of Cattinara Hospital is in the northeaster Italian region of Friuli Venezia Giulia which enlisted 2,731 cases and 222 deaths at the time of writing3 ."}, {"pmid": 32302740, "pmcid": "PMC7156947", "title": "The impact of despecialisation and redeployment on surgical training in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Hourston, George J M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302740", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378845, "title": "COVID-19 in an elderly woman with acute functional decline.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Neerland, Bjorn Erik", "Dobloug, Andrea", "Nore, Kristin Grotle", "Mikaelsen, Espen Eliasson", "Halsen, Arve", "Ahmed, Marc Vali"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378845", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443427, "title": "The Psychological Causes of Panic Buying Following a Health Crisis.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yuen, Kum Fai", "Wang, Xueqin", "Ma, Fei", "Li, Kevin X"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443427", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Attributed to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, panic buying is now a frequent occurrence in many countries, leading to stockouts and supply chain disruptions. Consequently, it has received much attention from academics and the retail industry. The aim of this study is to review, identify, and synthesise the psychological causes of panic buying, which is a relatively new and unexplored area in consumer behaviour research. A systematic review of the related literature is conducted. The review suggests that panic buying is influenced by (1) individuals' perception of the threat of the health crisis and scarcity of products; (2) fear of the unknown, which is caused by negative emotions and uncertainty; (3) coping behaviour, which views panic buying as a venue to relieve anxiety and regain control over the crisis; and (4) social psychological factors, which account for the influence of the social network of an individual. This study contributes to the literature by consolidating the scarce and scattered research on the causes of panic buying, drawing greater theoretical insights into each cause and also offers some implications for health professionals, policy makers, and retailers on implementing appropriate policies and strategies to manage panic buying. Recommendations for future research are also provided."}, {"pmid": 32202659, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: the harms of exaggerated information and non-evidence-based measures.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Ioannidis, John P A"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202659", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The evolving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic1 is certainly cause for concern. Proper communication and optimal decision-making is an ongoing challenge, as data evolve. The challenge is compounded, however, by exaggerated information. This can lead to inappropriate actions. It is important to differentiate promptly the true epidemic from an epidemic of false claims and potentially harmful actions."}, {"pmid": 32301984, "pmcid": "PMC7184374", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak and its impact on hospitals in Italy: the model of cardiac surgery.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiothorac Surg", "authors": ["Bonalumi, Giorgia", "di Mauro, Michele", "Garatti, Andrea", "Barili, Fabio", "Gerosa, Gino", "Parolari, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301984", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305588, "pmcid": "PMC7161506", "title": "Cytokine storm and immunomodulatory therapy in COVID-19: Role of chloroquine and anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Zhao, Ming"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305588", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171450, "pmcid": "PMC7111282", "title": "Identification of potential cross-protective epitope between a new type of coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome virus.", "journal": "J Genet Genomics", "authors": ["Qiu, Tianyi", "Mao, Tiantian", "Wang, Yuan", "Zhou, Mengdi", "Qiu, Jingxuan", "Wang, Jianwei", "Xu, Jianqing", "Cao, Zhiwei"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171450", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223776, "pmcid": "PMC7156576", "title": "A RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF INSTRUCTOR-LED TRAINING VERSUS VIDEO LESSON IN TRAINING HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN PROPER DONNING AND DOFFING OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Christensen, Liva", "Rasmussen, Charlotte Schang", "Benfield, Thomas", "Franc, Jeffrey Michael"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223776", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study compared live instructor-led training in Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) donning and doffing with video-based instruction. It assessed the difference in performance between (i) attending one instructor-led training session in donning and doffing PPE one month prior to assessment, and (ii) watching training videos over the month. This randomized controlled trial pilot study divided 21 medical students and junior doctors into 2 groups. Control group participants attended one instructor-led training session. Video group participants watched training videos demonstrating the same procedures, which they could freely watch again at home. After one month, a doctor performed a blind evaluation of performance using checklists. 19 participants were assessed after one month. The mean donning score was 84.8/100 for the instructor-led group and 88/100 for the video group; mean effect size 3,2 (95%CI: -7,5 to 9,5). The mean doffing score was 79.1/100 for the instructor group and 73.9/100 for the video group; mean effect size 5,2 (95%CI: -7,6 to 18). Our study found no significant difference in donning and doffing score between instructor-led and video lessons. Video training could be a fast and resource-efficient method of training in PPE donning and doffing in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32283159, "pmcid": "PMC7151318", "title": "Lymphocyte subset (CD4+, CD8+) counts reflect the severity of infection and predict the clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Zeming", "Long, Wei", "Tu, Mengqi", "Chen, Sichao", "Huang, Yihui", "Wang, Shipei", "Zhou, Wei", "Chen, Danyang", "Zhou, Ling", "Wang, Min", "Wu, Meng", "Huang, Qi", "Xu, Haibo", "Zeng, Wen", "Guo, Liang"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283159", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216803, "pmcid": "PMC7099829", "title": "Analysis of clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of 95 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a retrospective analysis.", "journal": "Respir Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Gemin", "Zhang, Jie", "Wang, Bowen", "Zhu, Xionglin", "Wang, Qiang", "Qiu, Shiming"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216803", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China and even the world. We sought to analyse the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of some cases with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia . In this retrospective study, we extracted the data on 95 patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan Xinzhou District People's Hospital from January 16th to February 25th, 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and abnormal radiologic findings. Outcomes were followed up until March 2th, 2020. Higher temperature, blood leukocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil percentage, C-reactive protein level, D-dimer level, alanine aminotransferase activity, aspartate aminotransferase activity, \u03b1 - hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity and creatine kinase activity were related to severe 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia and composite endpoint, and so were lower lymphocyte count, lymphocyte percentage and total protein level. Age below 40 or above 60\u2009years old, male, higher Creatinine level, and lower platelet count also seemed related to severe 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia and composite endpoint, however the P values were greater than 0.05, which mean under the same condition studies of larger samples are needed in the future. Multiple factors were related to severe 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia and composite endpoint, and more related studies are needed in the future."}, {"pmid": 32250193, "pmcid": "PMC7222670", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for the Competitive Athlete.", "journal": "Sports Health", "authors": ["Toresdahl, Brett G", "Asif, Irfan M"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250193", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332021, "title": "Covid-19: decisive action is the hallmark of South Africa's early success against coronavirus.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wadvalla, Bibi-Aisha"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332021", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234451, "pmcid": "PMC7176926", "title": "COVID-19, SARS and MERS: are they closely related?", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Petrosillo, N", "Viceconte, G", "Ergonul, O", "Ippolito, G", "Petersen, E"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234451", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a new human coronavirus which is spreading with epidemic features in China and other Asian countries; cases have also been reported worldwide. This novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with a respiratory illness that may lead to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 shows some peculiar pathogenetic, epidemiological and clinical features which to date are not completely understood. To provide a review of the differences in pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19, SARS and MERS. The most recent literature in the English language regarding COVID-19 has been reviewed, and extracted data have been compared with the current scientific evidence about SARS and MERS epidemics. COVID-19 seems not to be very different from SARS regarding its clinical features. However, it has a fatality rate of 2.3%, lower than that of SARS (9.5%) and much lower than that of MERS (34.4%). The possibility cannot be excluded that because of the less severe clinical picture of COVID-19 it can spread in the community more easily than MERS and SARS. The actual basic reproductive number (R0) of COVID-19 (2.0-2.5) is still controversial. It is probably slightly higher than the R0 of SARS (1.7-1.9) and higher than that of MERS (<1). A gastrointestinal route of transmission for SARS-CoV-2, which has been assumed for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, cannot be ruled out and needs further investigation. There is still much more to know about COVID-19, especially as concerns mortality and its capacity to spread on a pandemic level. Nonetheless, all of the lessons we learned in the past from the SARS and MERS epidemics are the best cultural weapons with which to face this new global threat."}, {"pmid": 32405620, "pmcid": "PMC7218372", "title": "Managing Patients with Multiple Myeloma during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations from an Expert Panel - ABHH Monoclonal Gammopathies Committe.", "journal": "Hematol Transfus Cell Ther", "authors": ["Hungria, Vania", "Garnica, Marcia", "de Queiroz Crusoe, Edvan", "de Magalhaes Filho, Roberto Jose Pessoa", "Martinez, Gracia", "Bittencourt, Rosane", "de Farias, Danielle Leao Cordeiro", "Braga, Walter Moises", "Neto, Jorge Vaz Pinto", "Ribeiro, Glaciano Nogueira", "Maiolino, Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405620", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the World has been facing the COVID-19 pandemic, special attention has been taken concerning cancer patients; related to their immunosuppression status, adding risk for more aggressive COVID-19 and mortality, but also concerns about the access and the quality of care in cancer therapy. The COVID-19 pandemic impacts the number of infected, its related mortality, as well as the care of cancer patients. Multiple myeloma patients are a particular group with several important aspects to be considered during pandemic times. In essence, they are immunosuppressed in different intensities during their treatment. Most of them are elderly and all of them require long-term therapy, with prolonged contact with the health care system, possibly including a stem cell transplant during the treatment. A panel of experts in multiple myeloma and infectious diseases discusses pieces of evidence and the lack of the same in the scenario of COVID-19 in myeloma patients, while also exposing what is expected for the next phases of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32283325, "pmcid": "PMC7194865", "title": "Clinical Features of COVID-19-Related Liver Functional Abnormality.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Fan, Zhenyu", "Chen, Liping", "Li, Jun", "Cheng, Xin", "Yang, Jingmao", "Tian, Cheng", "Zhang, Yajun", "Huang, Shaoping", "Liu, Zhanju", "Cheng, Jilin"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283325", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection have abnormal liver function. We aimed to clarify the features of COVID-19-related liver damage to provide references for clinical treatment. We performed a retrospective, single-center study of 148 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 (73 female, 75 male; mean age, 50 years) at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from January 20 through January 31, 2020. Patient outcomes were followed until February 19, 2020. Patients were analyzed for clinical features, laboratory parameters (including liver function tests), medications, and length of hospital stay. Abnormal liver function was defined as increased levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. Fifty-five patients (37.2%) had abnormal liver function at hospital admission; 14.5% of these patients had high fever (14.5%), compared with 4.3% of patients with normal liver function (P\u00a0= .027). Patients with abnormal liver function were more likely to be male, and had higher levels of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein. There was no statistical difference between groups in medications taken before hospitalization; a significantly higher proportion of patients with abnormal liver function (57.8%) had received lopinavir/ritonavir after admission compared to patients with normal liver function (31.3%). Patients with abnormal liver function had longer mean hospital stays (15.09 \u00b1 4.79 days) than patients with normal liver function (12.76 \u00b1 4.14 days) (P\u00a0= .021). More than one third of patients admitted to the hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection have abnormal liver function, and this is associated with longer hospital stay. A significantly higher proportion of patients with abnormal liver function had received lopinavir/ritonavir after admission; these drugs should be given with caution."}, {"pmid": 32385067, "title": "Impact of climate and public health interventions on the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective cohort study.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Juni, Peter", "Rothenbuhler, Martina", "Bobos, Pavlos", "Thorpe, Kevin E", "da Costa, Bruno R", "Fisman, David N", "Slutsky, Arthur S", "Gesink, Dionne"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385067", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is unclear whether seasonal changes, school closures or other public health interventions will result in a slowdown of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We aimed to determine whether epidemic growth is globally associated with climate or public health interventions intended to reduce transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We performed a prospective cohort study of all 144 geopolitical areas worldwide (375 609 cases) with at least 10 COVID-19 cases and local transmission by Mar. 20, 2020, excluding China, South Korea, Iran and Italy. Using weighted random-effects regression, we determined the association between epidemic growth (expressed as ratios of rate ratios [RRR] comparing cumulative counts of COVID-19 cases on Mar. 27, 2020, with cumulative counts on Mar. 20, 2020) and latitude, temperature, humidity, school closures, restrictions of mass gatherings, and measures of social distancing during an exposure period 14 days previously (Mar. 7 to 13, 2020). In univariate analyses, there were few or no associations of epidemic growth with latitude and temperature, but weak negative associations with relative humidity (RRR per 10% 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85-0.96) and absolute humidity (RRR per 5 g/m3 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99). Strong associations were found for restrictions of mass gatherings (RRR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53-0.79), school closures (RRR 0.63, 95% CI 0.52-0.78) and measures of social distancing (RRR 0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.85). In a multivariable model, there was a strong association with the number of implemented public health interventions (p for trend = 0.001), whereas the association with absolute humidity was no longer significant. Epidemic growth of COVID-19 was not associated with latitude and temperature, but may be associated weakly with relative or absolute humidity. Conversely, public health interventions were strongly associated with reduced epidemic growth."}, {"pmid": 32487122, "pmcid": "PMC7265664", "title": "Thrombotic and hemorrhagic events in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a French monocenter retrospective study.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Fraisse, Megan", "Logre, Elsa", "Pajot, Olivier", "Mentec, Herve", "Plantefeve, Gaetan", "Contou, Damien"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487122", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516441, "title": "FACING DEMENTIA DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Canevelli, Marco", "Valletta, Martina", "Toccaceli Blasi, Marco", "Remoli, Giulia", "Sarti, Giulia", "Nuti, Filippo", "Sciancalepore, Francesco", "Ruberti, Enzo", "Cesari, Matteo", "Bruno, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516441", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232784, "pmcid": "PMC7105961", "title": "A woman with fever and cough: coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Lu, Yuan-Qiang"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232784", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247318, "pmcid": "PMC7204586", "title": "A Call for Randomized Controlled Trials to Test the Efficacy of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as Therapeutics against Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Keshtkar-Jahromi, Maryam", "Bavari, Sina"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247318", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458574, "pmcid": "PMC7267083", "title": "COVID-19, food and nutrition insecurity and the wellbeing of children, pregnant and lactating women: A complex syndemic.", "journal": "Matern Child Nutr", "authors": ["Perez-Escamilla, Rafael", "Cunningham, Kenda", "Moran, Victoria Hall"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has already led to major increases in unemployment and is expected to lead to unprecedented increases in poverty and food insecurity, as well as poor health and nutrition outcomes. Families where young children, pregnant and lactating women live need to be protected against the ongoing protracted pandemic and the aftershocks that are very likely to follow for years to come. The future wellbeing of the vast majority of the world now depends on reconfiguringthe current ineffective food, nutrition, health and social protection systems to ensure food security for all. Because food, nutrition and social protection are intimately linked with health in a multidirectional way, it is essential that that we fully address global and local food, health care, and social protection systems and the inter-relationship among them. Implementation science research will be needed to fill in the current major gaps. Not doing so will not only put the development of individuals at further risk, but also negatively impact on the development potential of entire nations and ultimately our Planet."}, {"pmid": 32441574, "pmcid": "PMC7250319", "title": "A case series describing the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Jilin Province.", "journal": "Virulence", "authors": ["Du, Na", "Chen, Haiying", "Zhang, Qing", "Che, Lihe", "Lou, Lixin", "Li, Xiaohua", "Zhang, Kaiyu", "Bao, Wanguo"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441574", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei Province China, 2019-coronavirus infected disease (COVID-19) had been widely spread all over the world, the control of which calls for a better understanding of its epidemiology and clinical characteristics. We included 12 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University from 23 January 2020 to 11 February 2020, which were retrospectively analyzed for epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological features. All the patients were confirmed by nucleic acid detection, the average age of whom was 45.25\u00a0years (range, 23-79\u00a0years). Most patients had a history of Wuhan traveling or had contact with Wuhan travelers or infected cases. Obvious family cluster was observed. Clinical manifestations included fever (12/12), fatigue (10/12), cough (6/12), sore throat (4/12), headache (3/12), and diarrhea (2/12). Only three out of eight patients had pneumonia manifestation on radiography. Most patients had a normal white blood cell (WBC) count and normal or reduced lymphocyte (LY) count. Pneumonia changes were observed in all the four patients who underwent a chest CT scan. Only one elderly patient developed severe pneumonia, while all the rest were mild disease and had a self-limiting course."}, {"pmid": 32342041, "pmcid": "PMC7182514", "title": "Forecasting the Impact of Coronavirus Disease During Delivery Hospitalization: An Aid for Resources Utilization.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Putra, Manesha", "Kesavan, Ms Malavika", "Brackney, Kerri", "Hackney, David N", "Roosa, Ms Kimberlyn M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342041", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has severely impacted the United States. In cases of infectious disease outbreak, forecasting models are often developed for resources utilization. Pregnancy and delivery pose unique challenges, given the altered maternal immune system and the fact that the majority of American women choose to deliver in the hospital setting. The aim of our study is to forecast the incidence of COVID-19 in general population and to forecast the overall incidence, severe cases, critical cases and fatal COVID-19 cases during delivery hospitalization in the United States. We use a phenomenological model with generalized logistic growth models to forecast the incidence of COVID-19 in the United States from 4/15/2020 - 12/31/2020. Incidence data from 3/1/2020 - 4/14/2020 were used to provide best-fit model solution. Subsequently, Monte-Carlo simulation was performed for each week from 3/1/2020 - 12/31/2020 to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 in delivery hospitalizations using the available data estimate. From 3/1/2020 - 12/31/2020, our model forecasted a total of 860,475 cases of COVID-19 in general population across the United States. The cumulative incidence for COVID-19 during delivery hospitalization is anticipated to be 16,601 (95% CI, 9,711 - 23,491) cases. Among those, 3,308 (95% CI, 1,755 - 4,861) cases are expected to be severe, 681 (95% CI, 1324 - 1,038) critical and 52 (95% CI, 23 - 81) maternal mortality. Assuming similar baseline maternal mortality rate as the year of 2018, we projected an increase in maternal mortality rate in the US to at least 18.7 (95% CI, 18.0 - 19.5) deaths per 100,000 live birth as a direct result of COVID-19. COVID-19 infection in pregnant women is expected to severely impact obstetrical care. From 3/1/2020 - 12/31/2020, we project 3,308 severe and 681 critical cases, with about 52 COVID-19 related maternal mortalities during delivery hospitalization in the United States. These data might be helpful for counseling and resource allocation."}, {"pmid": 32437041, "title": "\"Care for patients with ventricular assist devices and suspected COVID-19 infection\".", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Xanthopoulos, Andrew", "Triposkiadis, Filippos", "Starling, Randall C"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437041", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245869, "title": "Possible treatment of Covid-19 with a therapeutic vaccine.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Myint, Aung", "Jones, Trevor"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245869", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376581, "pmcid": "PMC7167308", "title": "[An increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is an early warning signal of severe COVID-19].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Xia, Xintian", "Wen, Minyong", "Zhan, Shaofeng", "He, Jing", "Chen, Weitao"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376581", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify the biomarkers as early warning signals for severe COVID-19. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 63 patients with COVID- 19 from Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, including 32 moderate cases and 31 severe cases. The demographic data, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations and laboratory test results were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors that predicted the severity of COVID-19. The receiver- operating characteristic curve (ROC) of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was calculated, and the area under the curve (AUC) was determined to estimate the optimal threshold of NLR for predicting severe cases of COVID-19. The patients with moderate and server COVID-19 showed significant differences in the rate of diabetes, NLR, serum amyloid A (SSA), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum albumin (ALB) levels (P < 0.05). The co- morbidity of diabetes, NLR, SSA and CRP were found to positively correlate and ALB to inversely correlate with the severity of COVID-19 (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NLR was an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 (OR=1.264, 95% CI: 1.046-1.526, P=0.015) with an AUC of 0.831 (95% CI: 0.730-0.932), an optimal diagnostic threshold of 4.795, a sensitivity of 0.839, and a specificity of 0.750. An increased NLR can serve as an early warning signal of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32243317, "pmcid": "PMC7202106", "title": "European Society For Emergency Medicine position paper on emergency medical systems' response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Garcia-Castrillo, Luis", "Petrino, Roberta", "Leach, Robert", "Dodt, Christoph", "Behringer, Wilhelm", "Khoury, Abdo", "Sabbe, Marc"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243317", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus acute respiratory epidemic is creating a stressed situation in all the health systems of the affected countries. Emergency medical systems and specifically the emergency departments as the front line of the health systems are suffering from overload and severe working conditions, the risk of contagion and transmission of the health professionals adds a substantial burden to their daily work. Under the perspective of European Society For Emergency Medicine, the recommendations provided by the health authorities are reviewed focus on the emergency department's activity."}, {"pmid": 32524946, "title": "Genetic structure of SARS-CoV-2 reflects clonal superspreading and multiple independent introduction events, North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany, February and March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Walker, Andreas", "Houwaart, Torsten", "Wienemann, Tobias", "Vasconcelos, Malte Kohns", "Strelow, Daniel", "Senff, Tina", "Hulse, Lisanna", "Adams, Ortwin", "Andree, Marcel", "Hauka, Sandra", "Feldt, Torsten", "Jensen, Bjorn-Erik", "Keitel, Verena", "Kindgen-Milles, Detlef", "Timm, Jorg", "Pfeffer, Klaus", "Dilthey, Alexander T"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524946", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We whole-genome sequenced 55 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from Germany to investigate SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in 2020 in the Heinsberg district and D\u00fcsseldorf. While the genetic structure of the Heinsberg outbreak indicates a clonal origin, reflecting superspreading dynamics from mid-February during the carnival season, distinct viral strains were circulating in D\u00fcsseldorf in March, reflecting the city's international links. Limited detection of Heinsberg strains in the D\u00fcsseldorf area despite geographical proximity may reflect efficient containment and contact-tracing efforts."}, {"pmid": 32362062, "pmcid": "PMC7267162", "title": "Occupational skin conditions on the front line: a survey among 484 Chinese healthcare professionals caring for Covid-19 patients.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Pei, S", "Xue, Y", "Zhao, S", "Alexander, N", "Mohamad, G", "Chen, X", "Yin, M"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362062", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247329, "pmcid": "PMC7270465", "title": "Why inequality could spread COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Ahmed, Faheem", "Ahmed, Na'eem", "Pissarides, Christopher", "Stiglitz, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247329", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259197, "pmcid": "PMC7153364", "title": "Locally Informed Simulation to Predict Hospital Capacity Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Weissman, Gary E", "Crane-Droesch, Andrew", "Chivers, Corey", "Luong, ThaiBinh", "Hanish, Asaf", "Levy, Michael Z", "Lubken, Jason", "Becker, Michael", "Draugelis, Michael E", "Anesi, George L", "Brennan, Patrick J", "Christie, Jason D", "Hanson Iii, C William", "Mikkelsen, Mark E", "Halpern, Scott D"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259197", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenges hospital leaders to make time-sensitive, critical decisions about clinical operations and resource allocations. To estimate the timing of surges in clinical demand and the best- and worst-case scenarios of local COVID-19-induced strain on hospital capacity, and thus inform clinical operations and staffing demands and identify when hospital capacity would be saturated. Monte Carlo simulation instantiation of a susceptible, infected, removed (SIR) model with a 1-day cycle. 3 hospitals in an academic health system. All people living in the greater Philadelphia region. The COVID-19 Hospital Impact Model (CHIME) (http://penn-chime.phl.io) SIR model was used to estimate the time from 23 March 2020 until hospital capacity would probably be exceeded, and the intensity of the surge, including for intensive care unit (ICU) beds and ventilators. Using patients with COVID-19 alone, CHIME estimated that it would be 31 to 53 days before demand exceeds existing hospital capacity. In best- and worst-case scenarios of surges in the number of patients with COVID-19, the needed total capacity for hospital beds would reach 3131 to 12\u00a0650 across the 3 hospitals, including 338 to 1608 ICU beds and 118 to 599 ventilators. Model parameters were taken directly or derived from published data across heterogeneous populations and practice environments and from the health system's historical data. CHIME does not incorporate more transition states to model infection severity, social networks to model transmission dynamics, or geographic information to account for spatial patterns of human interaction. Publicly available and designed for hospital operations leaders, this modeling tool can inform preparations for capacity strain during the early days of a pandemic. University of Pennsylvania Health System and the Palliative and Advanced Illness Research Center."}, {"pmid": 32506427, "title": "Safe operating room protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Chew, M H", "Chau, K C", "Koh, F H", "Ng, A", "Ng, S P", "Ng, S F", "Tan, M G", "Ong, S G K", "Teo, L M", "Ong, B C"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506427", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287797, "pmcid": "PMC7130545", "title": "Is it super-spreading?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287797", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "If the covid-19 virus is transmitted largely by superspreaders, it might not go pandemic, reports Debora MacKenzie."}, {"pmid": 32454558, "pmcid": "PMC7232074", "title": "[Physical activity during the Covid-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Sci Sports", "authors": ["Kaux, J-F", "Francaux, M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454558", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356164, "pmcid": "PMC7192058", "title": "Re-purposing a face tent as a disposable aerosol evacuation system to reduce contamination in COVID-19 patients: a simulated demonstration.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Tsui, Ban C H"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356164", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360050, "title": "VI-RADS Scoring Criteria for Alternative Risk-adapted Strategies in the Management of Bladder Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Panebianco, Valeria", "Del Giudice, Francesco", "Leonardo, Costantino", "Sciarra, Alessandro", "Catalano, Carlo", "Catto, James W F"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360050", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299751, "pmcid": "PMC7156155", "title": "Characteristic Electrocardiographic Manifestations in Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["He, Jia", "Wu, Bo", "Chen, Yaqin", "Tang, Jianjun", "Liu, Qiming", "Zhou, Shenghua", "Chen, Chen", "Qin, Qingwu", "Huang, Kang", "Lv, Jianlei", "Chen, Yan", "Peng, Daoquan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299751", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cardiac involvement has been reported in patients with COVID-19, which may be reflected by electrocardiographic (ECG) changes. Two COVID-19 cases in our report exhibited different ECG manifestations as the disease caused deterioration. The first case presented temporary SIQIIITIII morphology followed by reversible nearly complete atrioventricular block, and the second demonstrated ST-segment elevation accompanied by multifocal ventricular tachycardia. The underlying mechanisms of these ECG abnormalities in the severe stage of COVID-19 may be attributed to hypoxia and inflammatory damage incurred by the virus."}, {"pmid": 32301764, "pmcid": "PMC7236852", "title": "Neuroanesthesia Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations From Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care (SNACC).", "journal": "J Neurosurg Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Flexman, Alana M", "Abcejo, Arnoley S", "Avitsian, Rafi", "De Sloovere, Veerle", "Highton, David", "Juul, Niels", "Li, Shu", "Meng, Lingzhong", "Paisansathan, Chanannait", "Rath, Girija P", "Rozet, Irene"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has several implications relevant to neuroanesthesiologists, including neurological manifestations of the disease, impact of anesthesia provision for specific neurosurgical procedures and electroconvulsive therapy, and health care provider wellness. The Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care appointed a task force to provide timely, consensus-based expert guidance for neuroanesthesiologists during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this document is to provide a focused overview of COVID-19 disease relevant to neuroanesthesia practice. This consensus statement provides information on the neurological manifestations of COVID-19, advice for neuroanesthesia clinical practice during emergent neurosurgery, interventional radiology (excluding endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke), transnasal neurosurgery, awake craniotomy and electroconvulsive therapy, as well as information about health care provider wellness. Institutions and health care providers are encouraged to adapt these recommendations to best suit local needs, considering existing practice standards and resource availability to ensure safety of patients and providers."}, {"pmid": 32332520, "pmcid": "PMC7199775", "title": "Reply of \"The outbreak of COVID-19 -An overview\".", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Wu, Yi-Chi", "Chen, Ching-Sung", "Chan, Yu-Jiun"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332520", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427155, "pmcid": "PMC7227552", "title": "Hygiene at home: A bulwark against COVID-19 to be protect from SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427155", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527863, "title": "Digital crowdsourcing: unleashing its power in rheumatology.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Krusche, Martin", "Burmester, Gerd R", "Knitza, Johannes"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527863", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic forces the whole rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases community to reassemble established treatment and research standards. Digital crowdsourcing is a key tool in this pandemic to create and distil desperately needed clinical evidence and exchange of knowledge for patients and physicians alike. This viewpoint explains the concept of digital crowdsourcing and discusses examples and opportunities in rheumatology. First experiences of digital crowdsourcing in rheumatology show transparent, accessible, accelerated research results empowering patients and rheumatologists."}, {"pmid": 32148172, "pmcid": "PMC7144304", "title": "Timely development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Lu, Shan"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32148172", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330112, "title": "Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Household Contacts of a Healthcare Provider, Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Luo, Yi", "Trevathan, Edwin", "Qian, Zhengmin", "Li, Yirong", "Li, Jin", "Xiao, Wei", "Tu, Ning", "Zeng, Zhikun", "Mo, Pingzheng", "Xiong, Yong", "Ye, Guangming"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330112", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We found that all 5 asymptomatic household contacts of a Wuhan, China, physician with coronavirus disease had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detected by PCR. The index patient and 2 contacts also had abnormal chest computed tomography scans. Asymptomatic infected household contacts of healthcare workers with coronavirus disease might be underrecognized."}, {"pmid": 32514221, "pmcid": "PMC7267555", "title": "What the Corona (SARS-CoV 2) pandemic, climate change, and the biodiversity crisis teach us about human nature.", "journal": "Ethology", "authors": ["Goymann, Wolfgang"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514221", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277759, "pmcid": "PMC7184384", "title": "Cluster of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in the French Alps, 2020.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Danis, Kostas", "Epaulard, Olivier", "Benet, Thomas", "Gaymard, Alexandre", "Campoy, Sephora", "Bothelo-Nevers, Elisabeth", "Bouscambert-Duchamp, Maude", "Spaccaferri, Guillaume", "Ader, Florence", "Mailles, Alexandra", "Boudalaa, Zoubida", "Tolsma, Violaine", "Berra, Julien", "Vaux, Sophie", "Forestier, Emmanuel", "Landelle, Caroline", "Fougere, Erica", "Thabuis, Alexandra", "Berthelot, Philippe", "Veil, Raphael", "Levy-Bruhl, Daniel", "Chidiac, Christian", "Lina, Bruno", "Coignard, Bruno", "Saura, Christine"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277759", "countries": ["Singapore", "United Kingdom", "France", "Spain"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 07/02/2020, French Health authorities were informed of a confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in an Englishman infected in Singapore who had recently stayed in a chalet in the French Alps. We conducted an investigation to identify secondary cases and interrupt transmission. We defined as a confirmed case a person linked to the chalet with a positive RT-PCR sample for SARS-CoV-2. The index case stayed 4 days in the chalet with 10 English tourists and a family of 5 French residents; SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 5 individuals in France, 6 in England (including the index case), and 1 in Spain (overall attack rate in the chalet: 75%). One pediatric case, with picornavirus and influenza A coinfection, visited 3 different schools while symptomatic. One case was asymptomatic, with similar viral load as that of a symptomatic case. Seven days after the first cases were diagnosed, one tertiary case was detected in a symptomatic patient with a positive endotracheal aspirate; all previous and concurrent nasopharyngeal specimens were negative. Additionally, 172 contacts were monitored, including 73 tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. The occurrence in this cluster of one asymptomatic case with similar viral load as a symptomatic patient, suggests transmission potential of asymptomatic individuals. The fact that an infected child did not transmit the disease despite close interactions within schools suggests potential different transmission dynamics in children. Finally, the dissociation between upper and lower respiratory tract results underscores the need for close monitoring of the clinical evolution of suspect Covid-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32190890, "pmcid": "PMC7184496", "title": "Safety Considerations in the Laboratory Testing of Specimens Suspected or Known to Contain the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Iwen, Peter C", "Stiles, Karen L", "Pentella, Michael A"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32190890", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501489, "title": "Thromboelastographic Results and Hypercoagulability Syndrome in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Who Are Critically Ill.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Mortus, Jared Robert", "Manek, Stephen E", "Brubaker, Lisa Suzanne", "Loor, Michele", "Cruz, Miguel Angel", "Trautner, Barbara W", "Rosengart, Todd K"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501489", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287137, "pmcid": "PMC7172490", "title": "Clinical Research and Trials-A \"Nonessential\" Victim of the COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent", "Ananthakrishnan, Ashwin N"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287137", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311047, "pmcid": "PMC7188115", "title": "Following Data as it Crosses Borders During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Plasek, Joseph M", "Tang, Chunlei", "Zhu, Yangyong", "Huang, Yajun", "Bates, David W"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311047", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data changes the game in terms of how we respond to pandemics. Global data on disease trajectories and the effectiveness and economic impact of different social distancing measures are essential to facilitate effective local responses to pandemics. COVID-19 data flowing across geographic borders are extremely useful to public health professionals for many purposes such as accelerating the pharmaceutical development pipeline, and for making vital decisions about intensive care unit rooms, where to build temporary hospitals, or where to boost supplies of personal protection equipment, ventilators, or diagnostic tests. Sharing data enables quicker dissemination and validation of pharmaceutical innovations, as well as improved knowledge of what prevention and mitigation measures work. Even if physical borders around the globe are closed, it is crucial that data continues to transparently flow across borders to enable a data economy to thrive which will promote global public health through global cooperation and solidarity."}, {"pmid": 32302417, "title": "Laryngeal oedema associated with COVID-19 complicating airway management.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["McGrath, B A", "Wallace, S", "Goswamy, J"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302417", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440516, "pmcid": "PMC7231113", "title": "Outpatient strategies and the changing SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.", "journal": "ERJ Open Res", "authors": ["Wei, Yanqiu", "Li, Gang", "Li, Juan", "Chu, Jiaojiao", "Yue, Huihui", "Zhang, Fengqin", "Zhang, Huilan"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440516", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the early outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, online fever clinics were set up. Then, an online face-to-face consultation was developed to solve the extreme difficulty of getting medical services to patients with chronic diseases. http://bit.ly/3cPppai."}, {"pmid": 32156144, "title": "Protocol for the development of a rapid advice guideline for prevention, management and care of children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "authors": ["Li, Weiguo", "Zhou, Qi", "Tang, Yuyi", "Ren, Luo", "Yu, Xuan", "Li, Qiu", "Liu, Enmei", "Chen, Yaolong"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156144", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32351814, "pmcid": "PMC7186102", "title": "Common CT Findings of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Case Series.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Torkian, Pooya", "Ramezani, Naghi", "Kiani, Pejman", "Bax, Michael R", "Akhlaghpoor, Shahram"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351814", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the highly infectious nature of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus and the lack of proven specific therapeutic drugs and licensed vaccines effective against it, early diagnosis of the disease is of paramount importance. The common chest CT imaging of confirmed COVID-19 cases is discussed here, which shows ground-glass opacity, crazy paving, and consolidation."}, {"pmid": 32426120, "pmcid": "PMC7211417", "title": "Pre-season football preparation in the era of COVID-19: Croatian Football Association Model.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Primorac, Dragan", "Matisic, Vid", "Molnar, Vilim", "Bahtijarevic, Zoran", "Polasek, Ozren"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426120", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459408, "pmcid": "PMC7195845", "title": "Special Edition: COVID-19 Guest Editorial.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["Rose, Peter", "Levine, William N"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459408", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342050, "pmcid": "PMC7183983", "title": "COVID-19 STEMI 2020: It's Not What You Know, It's How You Think.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Vidovich, Mladen I", "Fischman, David L", "Bates, Eric R"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342050", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297849, "pmcid": "PMC7188960", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on traditional healthcare-associated infection prevention efforts.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Stevens, Michael P", "Doll, Michelle", "Pryor, Rachel", "Godbout, Emily", "Cooper, Kaila", "Bearman, Gonzalo"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297849", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458804, "pmcid": "PMC7202830", "title": "The immune system of children: the key to understanding SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility?", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Carsetti, Rita", "Quintarelli, Concetta", "Quinti, Isabella", "Piano Mortari, Eva", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Locatelli, Franco"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458804", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533990, "title": "Is Metformin ahead in the race as a repurposed host-directed therapy for patients with diabetes and COVID-19?", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Kumar Singh, Awadhesh", "Singh, Ritu"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533990", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316647, "pmcid": "PMC7215577", "title": "Using Social Media to Mine and Analyze Public Opinion Related to COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Han, Xuehua", "Wang, Juanle", "Zhang, Min", "Wang, Xiaojie"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316647", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a grave global public health emergency. Nowadays, social media has become the main channel through which the public can obtain information and express their opinions and feelings. This study explored public opinion in the early stages of COVID-19 in China by analyzing Sina-Weibo (a Twitter-like microblogging system in China) texts in terms of space, time, and content. Temporal changes within one-hour intervals and the spatial distribution of COVID-19-related Weibo texts were analyzed. Based on the latent Dirichlet allocation model and the random forest algorithm, a topic extraction and classification model was developed to hierarchically identify seven COVID-19-relevant topics and 13 sub-topics from Weibo texts. The results indicate that the number of Weibo texts varied over time for different topics and sub-topics corresponding with the different developmental stages of the event. The spatial distribution of COVID-19-relevant Weibo was mainly concentrated in Wuhan, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. There is a synchronization between frequent daily discussions on Weibo and the trend of the COVID-19 outbreak in the real world. Public response is very sensitive to the epidemic and significant social events, especially in urban agglomerations with convenient transportation and a large population. The timely dissemination and updating of epidemic-related information and the popularization of such information by the government can contribute to stabilizing public sentiments. However, the surge of public demand and the hysteresis of social support demonstrated that the allocation of medical resources was under enormous pressure in the early stage of the epidemic. It is suggested that the government should strengthen the response in terms of public opinion and epidemic prevention and exert control in key epidemic areas, urban agglomerations, and transboundary areas at the province level. In controlling the crisis, accurate response countermeasures should be formulated following public help demands. The findings can help government and emergency agencies to better understand the public opinion and sentiments towards COVID-19, to accelerate emergency responses, and to support post-disaster management."}, {"pmid": 32474718, "pmcid": "PMC7260474", "title": "Critical adjustments in a department of orthopaedics through the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Luengo-Alonso, Gonzalo", "Perez-Tabernero, Fernando Garcia-Seisdedos", "Tovar-Bazaga, Miguel", "Arguello-Cuenca, Jose Manuel", "Calvo, Emilio"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474718", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2's new scenario has forced health systems to work under extreme stress urging to perform a complete reorganization of the way our means and activities were organized. The orthopaedic and trauma units have rescheduled their activities to help SARS-CoV-2 units, but trauma patients require also treatment, and no standardized protocols have been established. A single-centre cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary hospital. Two different periods of time were analyzed: a two\u00a0week period of time in March 2019 (pre-SARS-CoV-2) and the same period in March 2020 (SARS-CoV-2 pandemic time). Outpatient's data, emergency activity, surgical procedures, and admissions were evaluated. Surgeons' and patient's opinion was also evaluated using a survey. A total of ~\u200916k (15,953) patients were evaluated. Scheduled clinical appointments decreased by ~\u200922%. Urgent consultations and discharge from clinics also descended (~\u200937% and ~\u200920% respectively). Telemedicine was used in 90% of outpatient clinical evaluations. No elective surgical procedures during SARS-CoV-2 time were scheduled, and subtracting the effect of elective surgeries, there was a reduction of inpatient surgeries, from ~\u200985% to ~\u200959%. Patients delayed trauma assistance more than 48 hours in 13 cases (35%). Pre-operative admission for hip fractures decreased in ten hours on average. Finally, surveys stated that patients were more in favour than surgeons were to this new way to evaluate orthopaedic and trauma patients based strongly on telemedicine. Detailed protocols should be standardized for surgical departments during the pandemic. This paper offers a general view in how this virus affects an orthopaedic unit and could serve as a protocol and example for orthopaedic and trauma units. Even in the worst scenario, an orthopaedic and trauma unit could offer an effective, efficient, and quality service. SARS-CoV-2 will set up a new paradigm for health care in orthopaedics and trauma."}, {"pmid": 32346958, "pmcid": "PMC7267380", "title": "The ethical challenges of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the global south and the global north - same and different.", "journal": "Dev World Bioeth", "authors": ["Schuklenk, Udo"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346958", "countries": ["Germany", "Brazil", "United Kingdom", "China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 death toll stands at the time of writing at 163,500. By the time you read this, that number will have increased significantly, and it is likely that we won't have seen the end of it by that time. Policy makers in both the global north as well as the global south rose to the challenge, with decidedly mixed responses as well as decidedly mixed results, as comparisons between reported case loads of, say the UK and Germany or between Brazil and the PR of China, show. Discipline specific responses translated into many global collaborative efforts aimed at developing treatments, modelling of the impact of varying policy options on the continuing pandemic, preventive vaccine trials, and so on and so forth."}, {"pmid": 32397746, "title": "Crisis Leadership During and Following COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Forster, Bruce B", "Patlas, Michael N", "Lexa, Frank J"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397746", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368715, "pmcid": "PMC7197235", "title": "Importance of Sleep for Health and Wellbeing Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Sleep Vigil", "authors": ["Gulia, Kamalesh K", "Kumar, Velayudhan Mohan"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368715", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250977, "pmcid": "PMC7173089", "title": "Your COVID-19 Intubation Kit.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Lopez, Roberto A", "Anthony, Adrian", "Zuo, Leila", "Enomoto, T Miko", "Aziz, Michael F"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250977", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201156, "pmcid": "PMC7194939", "title": "Multiple parameters required for diagnosis of COVID-19 in clinical practice.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Lei, Pinggui", "Fan, Bing", "Mao, Jujiang", "Wang, Pingxian"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201156", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207540, "title": "Urology practice in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Urol J", "authors": ["Nowroozi, Ali", "Amini, Erfan"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207540", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483789, "title": "Why not use the Easybreath snorkeling mask to prevent COVID-19 transmission during endoscopy procedures when FFP2 are lacking?", "journal": "Endoscopy", "authors": ["Rivory, Jerome", "Beaugendre, Eric", "Yvon, Claire", "Ploteau, Frederic", "Condat, Bertrand", "Rostain, Florian", "Pioche, Mathieu"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483789", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405232, "pmcid": "PMC7219367", "title": "Reductions in Heart Failure Hospitalizations During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Hall, Michael E", "Vaduganathan, Muthiah", "Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb", "Papadimitriou, Lampros", "Long, Robert C", "Hernandez, Gabriel A", "Moore, Charles K", "Lennep, Brandon W", "McMullan, Michael R", "Butler, Javed"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405232", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased burden on healthcare systems with subsequent reductions in non-emergent hospitalizations and procedures. While there are widespread reports of intentional reductions in elective hospitalizations, trends in urgent or emergent hospitalizations including heart failure (HF) hospitalizations have not been adequately characterized. We evaluated trends of HF hospitalizations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at the University of Mississippi Medical Center using electronic health records and discharge database. We also compared HF hospitalization trends during the same time frame in 2019 to account for seasonal variation in HF presentations. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in our medical center, a mean of 30 patients per week were admitted with a principal diagnosis of HF. After the first case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in Mississippi, there was a sharp 50% decline in the number of HF hospitalizations that declined even further after a \"state of emergency\" was declared in Mississippi. Based on observations from a large academic medical center, there has been a significant reduction in the number of patients hospitalized for HF during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further investigation of these trends is warranted to determine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term HF outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32405518, "pmcid": "PMC7217765", "title": "Preliminary pragmatic lessons from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from France.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Gauss, Tobias", "Pasquier, Pierre", "Joannes-Boyau, Olivier", "Constantin, Jean-Michel", "Langeron, Olivier", "Bouzat, Pierre", "Pottecher, Julien"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405518", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic required an unprecedented and historic increase in critical care capacity on a global scale in France. Authors and members from the ACUTE and REANIMATION committees of the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (SFAR) wished to share experience and insights gained during the first weeks of this pandemic. These were summarised following the World Health Organization Response Checklist and detailed according to the subsequent subheadings: 1. Command and Control, 2. Communication, 3. Safety and Security, 4. Triage, 5. Surge Capacity, 6. Continuity of essential services, 7. Human resources, 8. Logistics and supply management, 9. Training/Preparation, 10. Psychological comfort for patients and next of kin, 11. Learning and 12. Post disaster recovery. These experience-based recommendations, consensual across all members from both committees of our national society, establish a practical framework for medical teams, either spared by the first wave of severe COVID patients or preparing for the second one."}, {"pmid": 32346359, "pmcid": "PMC7185265", "title": "Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Harper, Craig A", "Satchell, Liam P", "Fido, Dean", "Latzman, Robert D"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346359", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current context of the global pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), health professionals are working with social scientists to inform government policy on how to slow the spread of the virus. An increasing amount of social scientific research has looked at the role of public message framing, for instance, but few studies have thus far examined the role of individual differences in emotional and personality-based variables in predicting virus-mitigating behaviors. In this study, we recruited a large international community sample (N\u2009=\u2009324) to complete measures of self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, fear of the virus, moral foundations, political orientation, and behavior change in response to the pandemic. Consistently, the only predictor of positive behavior change (e.g., social distancing, improved hand hygiene) was fear of COVID-19, with no effect of politically relevant variables. We discuss these data in relation to the potentially functional nature of fear in global health crises."}, {"pmid": 32425657, "pmcid": "PMC7227587", "title": "Evaluation of the COVID19 ID NOW EUA assay.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Mitchell, Stephanie L", "George, Kirsten St"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425657", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused a major surge in needed diagnostic capacity. In response, many EUA assays have become available for clinical laboratories, and more recently, the point of care device, Abbott ID NOW. To determine the analytical performance of the ID NOW assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2. Residual NP samples collected in viral transport media were tested by the ID NOW platform in two independent laboratories. Results were compared to either the CDC or New York EUA assays, which served as reference methods. Overall agreement of ID NOW was 78.7%. Sensitivity was 71.7% and specificity was 100%. Notably, all false-negative results correlated to those samples that were weakly positive. ID NOW performs well for strong and moderately positive samples but has reduced sensitivity for weakly positive samples. This sensitivity, among other concerns, should be taken into consideration when using this test for patients with a low suspicion for COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32343593, "title": "COVID-19, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and the small bowel.", "journal": "Rev Esp Enferm Dig", "authors": ["Monkemuller, Klaus", "Fry, Lucia", "Rickes, Steffen"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343593", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although SARS-CoV-2 may primarily enter the cells of the lungs, the small bowel may also be an important entry or interaction site, as the enterocytes are rich in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-2 receptors. The initial gastrointestinal symptoms that appear early during the course of Covid-19 support this hypothesis. Furthermore, SARS-CoV virions are preferentially released apically and not at the basement of the airway cells. Thus, in the setting of a productive infection of conducting airway epithelia, the apically released SARS-CoV may be removed by mucociliary clearance and gain access to the GI tract via a luminal exposure. In addition, post-mortem studies of mice infected by SARS-CoV have demonstrated diffuse damage to the GI tract, with the small bowel showing signs of enterocyte desquamation, edema, small vessel dilation and lymphocyte infiltration, as well as mesenteric nodes with severe hemorrhage and necrosis. Finally, the small bowel is rich in furin, a serine protease which can separate the S-spike of the coronavirus into two \"pinchers\" (S1 and 2). The separation of the S-spike into S1 and S2 is essential for the attachment of the virion to both the ACE receptor and the cell membrane. In this special review, we describe the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the cell and enterocyte and its potential clinical implications."}, {"pmid": 32334159, "pmcid": "PMC7169883", "title": "Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Zambrano-Monserrate, Manuel A", "Ruano, Maria Alejandra", "Sanchez-Alcalde, Luis"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334159", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This research aims to show the positive and negative indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment, particularly in the most affected countries such as China, USA, Italy, and Spain. Our research shows that there is a significant association between contingency measures and improvement in air quality, clean beaches and environmental noise reduction. On the other hand, there are also negative secondary aspects such as the reduction in recycling and the increase in waste, further endangering the contamination of physical spaces (water and land), in addition to air. Global economic activity is expected to return in the coming months in most countries (even if slowly), so decreasing GHG concentrations during a short period is not a sustainable way to clean up our environment."}, {"pmid": 32330235, "pmcid": "PMC7197036", "title": "Universal Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders, Social Worth, and Life-Years: Opposing Discriminatory Approaches to the Allocation of Resources During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Other Health System Catastrophes.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Bledsoe, Thomas A", "Jokela, Janet A", "Deep, Noel N", "Snyder Sulmasy, Lois"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330235", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344401, "pmcid": "PMC7251566", "title": "COVID-19: Possible Impact of the Genetic Background in IFNL Genes on Disease Outcomes.", "journal": "J Innate Immun", "authors": ["Mihm, Sabine"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344401", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396949, "title": "Laboratory Abnormalities in Pregnant Women with Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Shi, Li", "Wang, Ying", "Yang, Haiyan", "Duan, Guangcai", "Wang, Yadong"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396949", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383520, "pmcid": "PMC7267386", "title": "Society of Robotic Surgery Review: Recommendations Regarding the Risk of COVID-19 Transmission During Minimally Invasive Surgery.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Porter, James", "Blau, Elliot", "Gharagozloo, Farid", "Martino, Martin", "Cerfolio, Robert", "Duvvuri, Umamaheswar", "Caceres, Aileen", "Badani, Ketan", "Bhayani, Sam", "Collins, Justin", "Coelho, Rafael", "Rocco, Bernard", "Wiklund, Peter", "Nathan, Senthil", "Parra-Davila, Eduardo", "Ortiz-Ortiz, Carlos", "Maes, Kris", "Dasgupta, Prokar", "Patel, Vipul"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383520", "countries": ["Ireland", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created uncertainty regarding the safety and appropriate utilization of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) during this current outbreak. Surgical governing bodies such as Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) and the Royal Colleges of Surgery of Great Britain and Ireland have made statements regarding the possibility of COVID-19 release into CO2 insufflant during MIS. The basis for this concern is prior evidence in the literature of other viral pathogen release during laparoscopic surgery. The recommendations are correctly based on caution given the lack of understanding of how COVID-19 compares to other viruses with regard to transmission and presence in CO2 during MIS. In this review we have investigated the available literature on COVID-19 transmission during MIS, address the implications of current and previously published recommendations and discuss steps to mitigate COVID-19 transmission during MIS for staff and patient safety."}, {"pmid": 32402104, "pmcid": "PMC7272821", "title": "COVID-19 and gastrointestinal endoscopy: Importance of reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection risks of medical workers and preserving personal protective equipment resources.", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Onoyama, Takumi", "Isomoto, Hajime"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402104", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology detected in Wuhan, China. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, was identified and SARS-CoV-2 related disease, called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread worldwide. The WHO has declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Clinical symptoms of the COVID-19 includes cough (67.8%), fever (43.8%), fatigue (38.1%), production of sputum (33.7%), and shortness of breath (18.7%). Gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 include nausea or vomiting (5.0%), as well as diarrhea (3.8%) 1 . It is estimated that 1.2% of infected subjects are asymptomatic, but the rate of severe disease is 13.9% with an overall mortality rate of 2.3% 2 ."}, {"pmid": 32319435, "title": "[The cure: a question of merit?]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Spinsanti, Sandro"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319435", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A position statement published by the Italian Society of Anesthesia Analgesia Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) is fostering a vibrant debate, crossed by deep fears. These are recommendations addressed to ICU doctors who must decide whether to implement intensive treatments for patients who need them to survive. Specifically, the reference is to the patients to whom the CoViD-19 epidemic has compromised respiratory capacity. We still do not have clear what positive criteria can help make clinical decisions in contexts of insufficient resources that force us to make choices."}, {"pmid": 32276298, "pmcid": "PMC7235486", "title": "The effect of quarantine and isolation for COVID-19 in general population and dermatologic treatments.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Sharma, Aseem", "Folster-Holst, Regina", "Kassir, Martin", "Szepietowski, Jacek", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360552, "pmcid": "PMC7188647", "title": "COVID-19-We urgently need to start developing an exit strategy.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Petersen, Eskild", "Wasserman, Sean", "Lee, Shui-Shan", "Go, Unyeong", "Holmes, Allison H", "Al-Abri, Seif", "McLellan, Susan", "Blumberg, Lucille", "Tambyah, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360552", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this perspective is to review the options countries have to exit the draconian \"lockdowns\" in a carefully staged manner. Experts from different countries experiencing Corona Virus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) reviewed evidence and country-specific approaches and the results of their interventions. Three factors are essential: 1. Reintroduction from countries with ongoing community transmission; 2. The need for extensive testing capacity and widespread community testing, and 3. An adequate supply of personal protective equipment, PPE, to protect health care workers. Discussed at length are lifting physical distancing, how to open manufacturing and construction, logistics, and the opening of higher educational institutions and schools. The use of electronic surveillance is considered. Each country should decide on the best path forward. However, we can learn from each other, and the approaches are, in reality, very similar."}, {"pmid": 32431260, "pmcid": "PMC7264457", "title": "The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Outbreak at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City-Riyadh from Emergency Medical Services Perspective.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Alabdali, Abdullah", "Almakhalas, Kharsan", "Alhusain, Faisal", "Albaiz, Saad", "Almutairi, Khalid", "Aljerian, Nawfal"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431260", "countries": ["Switzerland", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a form of an infectious respiratory disease, discovered in November 2012 in Saudi Arabia. According to the World Health Organization (WHO; Geneva, Switzerland) reports, a total of 2,519 laboratory-confirmed cases and 866 MERS-CoV-related deaths were recorded as of March 5, 2016.1 The majority of reported cases originated from Saudi Arabia (2,121 cases). Also, MERS-CoV is believed to be of zoonotic origin and has been linked to camels in the Arabian area.1,2 In this report, the authors discuss the lessons learned from the MERS-CoV outbreak at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City-Riyadh (KAMC-R) from August through September 2015 from the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) perspective. The discussion includes the changes in policies and paramedic's practice, the training and education in infection control procedures, and the process of transportation of these cases. The authors hope to share their experience in this unique situation and highlight the preparedness and response efforts that took place by the division of EMS during the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32505227, "title": "Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science.", "journal": "Immunity", "authors": ["Vabret, Nicolas", "Britton, Graham J", "Gruber, Conor", "Hegde, Samarth", "Kim, Joel", "Kuksin, Maria", "Levantovsky, Rachel", "Malle, Louise", "Moreira, Alvaro", "Park, Matthew D", "Pia, Luisanna", "Risson, Emma", "Saffern, Miriam", "Salome, Berengere", "Esai Selvan, Myvizhi", "Spindler, Matthew P", "Tan, Jessica", "van der Heide, Verena", "Gregory, Jill K", "Alexandropoulos, Konstantina", "Bhardwaj, Nina", "Brown, Brian D", "Greenbaum, Benjamin", "Gumus, Zeynep H", "Homann, Dirk", "Horowitz, Amir", "Kamphorst, Alice O", "Curotto de Lafaille, Maria A", "Mehandru, Saurabh", "Merad, Miriam", "Samstein, Robert M"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505227", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide, igniting an unprecedented effort from the scientific community to understand the biological underpinning of COVID19 pathophysiology. In this Review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immunological pathways that likely contribute to disease severity and death. We also discuss the rationale and clinical outcome of current therapeutic strategies as well as prospective clinical trials to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32422441, "pmcid": "PMC7200329", "title": "Disinfection tunnels: potentially counterproductive in the context of a prolonged pandemic of COVID-19.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Biswal, M", "Kanaujia, R", "Angrup, A", "Ray, P", "Mohan Singh, S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422441", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349113, "pmcid": "PMC7227209", "title": "COVID-19: Special Precautions in Ophthalmic Practice and FAQs on Personal Protection and Mask Selection.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)", "authors": ["Lam, Dennis S C", "Wong, Raymond Lai Man", "Lai, Kenny Ho Wa", "Ko, Chung-Nga", "Leung, Hiu Ying", "Lee, Vincent Yau Wing", "Lau, Johnson Yiu Nam", "Huang, Suber S"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349113", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2, was first reported in December 2019. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020 and as of April 17, 2020, 210 countries are affected with >2,000,000 infected and 140,000 deaths. The estimated case fatality rate is around 6.7%. We need to step up our infection control measures immediately or else it may be too late to contain or control the spread of COVID-19. In case of local outbreaks, the risk of infection to healthcare workers and patients is high. Ophthalmic practice carries some unique risks and therefore high vigilance and special precautions are needed. We share our protocols and experiences in the prevention of infection in the current COVID-19 outbreak and the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in Hong Kong. We also endeavor to answer the key frequently asked questions in areas of the coronaviruses, COVID-19, disease transmission, personal protection, mask selection, and special measures in ophthalmic practices. COVID-19 is highly infectious and could be life-threatening. Using our protocol and measures, we have achieved zero infection in our ophthalmic practices in Hong Kong and China. Preventing spread of COVID-19 is possible and achievable."}, {"pmid": 32512052, "title": "First, do no harm: Lessons learned from a storytelling event for pediatric residents during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Babal, Jessica C", "Webber, Sarah A", "Ruedinger, Emily"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512052", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388462, "pmcid": "PMC7204696", "title": "A glimpse into the eye of the COVID-19 cytokine storm.", "journal": "EBioMedicine", "authors": ["Kuppalli, Krutika", "Rasmussen, Angela L"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388462", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334040, "pmcid": "PMC7174974", "title": "The fate of house cats during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Gao, Tianyue", "Pan, Xingchen", "Pan, Chungen"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334040", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241584, "pmcid": "PMC7270795", "title": "Do we correctly comply with prevention protocols in ophthalmology? About the latest coronavirus epidemic.", "journal": "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol", "authors": ["Garcia Lorente, M", "Zamorano Martin, F", "Soler-Ferrandez, F", "Rocha de Lossada, C"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241584", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360409, "pmcid": "PMC7252057", "title": "A COVID-19 case in Libya acquired in Saudi Arabia.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Elhadi, Muhammed", "Momen, Ahmed Abdulhakim", "Ali Senussi Abdulhadi, Osama Mohamed"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360409", "countries": ["Libya", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251767, "pmcid": "PMC7127386", "title": "Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro.", "journal": "Antiviral Res", "authors": ["Choy, Ka-Tim", "Wong, Alvina Yin-Lam", "Kaewpreedee, Prathanporn", "Sia, Sin Fun", "Chen, Dongdong", "Hui, Kenrie Pui Yan", "Chu, Daniel Ka Wing", "Chan, Michael Chi Wai", "Cheung, Peter Pak-Hang", "Huang, Xuhui", "Peiris, Malik", "Yen, Hui-Ling"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251767", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An escalating pandemic by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is impacting global health and effective therapeutic options are urgently needed. We evaluated the in vitro antiviral effect of compounds that were previously reported to inhibit coronavirus replication and compounds that are currently under evaluation in clinical trials for SARS-CoV-2 patients. We report the antiviral effect of remdesivir, lopinavir, homorringtonine, and emetine against SARS-CoV-2 virus in Vero E6 cells with the estimated 50% effective concentration at 23.15\u00a0\u03bcM, 26.63\u00a0\u03bcM, 2.55\u00a0\u03bcM and 0.46\u00a0\u03bcM, respectively. Ribavirin or favipiravir that are currently evaluated under clinical trials showed no inhibition at 100\u00a0\u03bcM. Synergy between remdesivir and emetine was observed, and remdesivir at 6.25\u00a0\u03bcM in combination with emetine at 0.195\u00a0\u03bcM may achieve 64.9% inhibition in viral yield. Combinational therapy may help to reduce the effective concentration of compounds below the therapeutic plasma concentrations and provide better clinical benefits."}, {"pmid": 32511033, "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: implications for prognosis and clinical management.", "journal": "Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Barber, Thomas M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511033", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that emerged from Wuhan, China in December 2019, and within 3 months became a global pandemic. PubMed search of published data on COVID-19, respiratory infections, and diabetes mellitus (DM). DM associates with impairments of both cellular and humoral immunity. Early emergent global data reveal that severity of clinical outcome from COVID-19 infection (including hospitalization and admission to Intensive Care Unit [ICU]), associate with co-morbidities, prominently DM. The key principles of management of COVID-19 in patients with DM include ongoing focused outpatient management (remotely where necessary) and maintenance of good glycemic control. We will remember the dawn of the third decade of the twenty-first century as a time when the world changed, the true scale and impact of which is hard for us to imagine. Like a phoenix from the ashes though, COVID-19 provides us with a great learning opportunity to renew insights into ourselves as individuals, our clinical teams, and the optimized provision of care for our patients. COVID-19 has re-shaped and re-focused our collective societal values, with a sea-changed shift from materialistic to human-centric, from self-centredness to altruism, ultimately for the betterment of patient care and the whole of society."}, {"pmid": 32454806, "pmcid": "PMC7241577", "title": "Comparing South Korea and Italy's healthcare systems and initiatives to combat COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Panam Salud Publica", "authors": ["Palaniappan, Ashwin", "Dave, Udit", "Gosine, Brandon"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454806", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Italy", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy and South Korea have two distinctly different healthcare systems, causing them to respond to public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic in markedly different ways. Differences exist in medical education for both countries, allowing South Korean medical graduates to have a more holistic education in comparison to their Italian counterparts, who specialize in medical education earlier on. Additionally, there are fewer South Korean physicians per 1000 people in South Korea compared to Italian physicians per 1000 people in Italy. However, both countries have a national healthcare system with universal healthcare coverage. Despite this underlying similarity, the two countries addressed COVID-19 in nearly opposite manners. South Korea employed technology and the holistic education of its physician community, despite having a smaller proportion of physicians in society, to its advantage by implementing efficacious drive-through centers that test suspected individuals rapidly and with little to no contact with healthcare staff, decreasing the possibility of transmission of COVID-19. Conversely, Italy is presently considered the epicenter of the outbreak in Europe and has recorded the highest death toll of any country outside of mainland China. This is partially due to the reactionary nature of Italy's public health measures compared to South Korea's proactive response. The different healthcare responses of South Korea and Italy can inform decisions made by public health bodies in other countries, especially in countries across the Americas, which can selectively adopt policies that have worked in curtailing the spread of COVID-19 and learn from mistakes made by both countries."}, {"pmid": 32427217, "pmcid": "PMC7229877", "title": "Psychometric Evaluation of the Arabic Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Alyami, Mohsen", "Henning, Marcus", "Krageloh, Christian U", "Alyami, Hussain"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427217", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fear is a central emotional response to imminent threats such as the coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) assesses the severity of fear towards COVID-19. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the FCV-19S. Using a forward-backward translation, the FCV-19S was translated into Arabic. An online survey using the Arabic versions of FCV-19S and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administered. Reliability and concurrent and confirmatory validity were examined. The dataset consisted of 693 Saudi participants. The internal consistency of the Arabic FCV-19S was satisfactory (\u03b1\u2009=\u2009.88), with sound concurrent validity indicated by significant and positive correlations with HADS (r\u2009=\u2009.66). The unidimensional structure of the FCV-19S was confirmed. The Arabic version of the FCV-19S is psychometrically robust and can be used in research assessing the psychological impact of COVID-19 among a Saudi adult population."}, {"pmid": 32410765, "pmcid": "PMC7221361", "title": "[OnabotulinumtoxinA infiltration and nerve blocks in patients with headache and neuralgia: safety recommendations to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection].", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Santos-Lasaosa, S", "Porta-Etessam, J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to the need for changes in clinical practice, with new strategies to enable integrated care for patients with headache and neuralgia. Given the high spreadability of SARS-CoV-2, new safety measures are required in such procedures as onabotulinumtoxinA infiltration and nerve blocks. We present a series of recommendations based on the measures implemented to prevent infection in our healthcare system. We differentiate between measures related to patients and physicians, to technique, to infrastructure (waiting room and consultation), and to healthcare management."}, {"pmid": 32429770, "title": "Technology Literacy as a Barrier to Telehealth During COVID-19.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Triana, Austin J", "Gusdorf, Roman E", "Shah, Kaustav P", "Horst, Sara N"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240567, "title": "How young patients with cancer perceive the COVID-19 (coronavirus) epidemic in Milan, Italy: Is there room for other fears?", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Casanova, Michela", "Pagani Bagliacca, Elena", "Silva, Matteo", "Patriarca, Carlo", "Veneroni, Laura", "Clerici, Carlo Alfredo", "Spreafico, Filippo", "Luksch, Roberto", "Terenziani, Monica", "Meazza, Cristina", "Podda, Marta", "Biassoni, Veronica", "Schiavello, Elisabetta", "Chiaravalli, Stefano", "Puma, Nadia", "Bergamaschi, Luca", "Gattuso, Giovanna", "Sironi, Giovanna", "Massimino, Maura", "Ferrari, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240567", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in Italy, in particular in the Milan focal point, required drastic measures and led to panic in the population. While in our center we did not change our approach to the treatment of our young patients with cancer, we developed a qualitative survey to assess their perception of the risk and level of stress. The survey showed that a relatively large proportion of young patients felt personally at risk of severe complications. We believe that we need to adequately inform our patients, focusing on hygienic measures and personal protection and prompt reporting of any suspicious symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32475830, "title": "Treatment adherence of patients with systemic rheumatic diseases in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Fragoulis, George E", "Evangelatos, Gerasimos", "Arida, Aikaterini", "Bournia, Vasiliki-Kalliopi", "Fragiadaki, Kalliopi", "Karamanakos, Anastasios", "Kravvariti, Evrydiki", "Laskari, Katerina", "Panopoulos, Stylianos", "Pappa, Maria", "Tektonidou, Maria G", "Sfikakis, Petros P"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475830", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316713, "pmcid": "PMC7210081", "title": "[Clinical Characteristics and Coping Strategies of Neoplasms with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection].", "journal": "Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhao, Nannan", "Shi, Jie", "Zeng, Lizhong", "Yang, Shuanying"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316713", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since mid-December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has outbroken in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and spread rapidly to other provinces in China and dozens of countries and regions around the world, becoming the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (Public Health Emergency of International Concern). SARS-CoV-2 can mainly transmit by droplets or close contact, and is generally susceptible in the crowd. Tumor patients are at high risk of this pathogen because of their impaired immune function. Identifying tumor patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) early, and understanding its distribution characteristics can help to improve the cure rate of patients, and better control the epidemic and development of SARS-CoV-2 much better. With comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, this paper reviews the clinical characteristics of neoplastic patients with COVID-19, and puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with this epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32428432, "title": "Analyzing the Cost Effectiveness of Policy Responses for COVID-19: The Importance of Capturing Social Consequences.", "journal": "Med Decis Making", "authors": ["Kim, David Daeho", "Neumann, Peter J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307609, "pmcid": "PMC7167215", "title": "Critically ill SARS-CoV-2-infected patients are not stratified as sepsis by the qSOFA.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Ferreira, Marion", "Blin, Timothee", "Collercandy, Nived", "Szychowiak, Piotr", "Dequin, Pierre-Francois", "Jouan, Youenn", "Guillon, Antoine"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307609", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224133, "pmcid": "PMC7156146", "title": "How to link patients with suspicious COVID-19 to health system from the community pharmacies? A route proposal.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Amariles, Pedro", "Ledezma-Morales, Monica", "Salazar-Ospina, Andrea", "Hincapie-Garcia, Jaime Alejandro"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224133", "countries": ["Colombia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Colombia confirmed its first case of the COVID-19 on March 6th, 2020. On March 16th, 2020, 54 cases have been confirmed (36 imported and 18 associated), therefore, Colombia is at highest alert, and it is now trying to avoid or minimize the last stage of \"community transmission\". We present a route proposal that shows how the community pharmacist may develop his responsibility to contribute to the early detection and appropriate referral of possible cases of the COVID-19. In the route have been considered three possible entrances depending on the needs of the users: anti-flu drugs, symptoms related to COVID-19 infection or the request for items for hygiene and prevention of transmission such as alcohol and face masks. Later, self-care education should be given, and the possible cases should be reported to the telephone lines designated by the mayor or the governor, continuing the healthcare process. Community pharmacies and pharmacy staff play a crucial role in minimizing the stage of \"community transmission\" of COVID-19, through properly detection and management of possible cases and customer education."}, {"pmid": 32392624, "pmcid": "PMC7272988", "title": "Israel Ad Hoc COVID-19 Committee: Guidelines for Care of Older Persons During a Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Clarfield, A Mark", "Dwolatzky, Tzvi", "Brill, Shai", "Press, Yan", "Glick, Shimon", "Shvartzman, Pesach", "Doron, Israel Issi"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392624", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early on, geriatricians in Israel viewed with increasing alarm the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It was clear that this viral disease exhibited a clear predilection for and danger to older persons. Informal contacts began with senior officials from the country's Ministry of Health, the Israel Medical Association, and the country's largest health fund; this was done to plan an approach to the possible coming storm. A group was formed, comprising three senior geriatricians, a former dean, a palliative care specialist, and a lawyer/ethicist. The members made every effort to ensure that their recommendations would be practical while at the same time taking into account the tenets of medical ethics. The committee's main task was to think through a workable approach because intensive care unit/ventilator resources may be far outstripped by those requiring such care. Recommendations included the approach to older persons both in the community and in long-term care institutions, a triage instrument, and palliative care. Patient autonomy was emphasized, with a strong recommendation for people of all ages to update their advance directives or, if they did not have any, to quickly draw them up. Considering the value of distributive justice, with respect to triage, a \"soft utilitarian\" approach was advocated with the main criteria being function and comorbidity. Although chronological age was rejected as a sole criterion, in the case of an overwhelming crisis, \"biological age\" would enter into the triage considerations, but only in the case of distinguishing between people with equal non-age-related deficits. The guideline emphasized that no matter what, in the spirit of beneficence, anyone who fell ill must receive active palliative care throughout the course of a COVD-19 infection but especially at the end of life. Furthermore, in the spirit of nonmaleficence, the frail, very old, and severely demented would be actively protected from dying on ventilation."}, {"pmid": 32243818, "pmcid": "PMC7195605", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: a time for clear and immediate action.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Poland, Gregory A"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243818", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32231172, "title": "A 63-year-old man treated for coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Sabri, Ali", "Sanei Taheri, Morteza", "Mahdavi, Arash", "Dobranowski, Julian"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231172", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32112082, "title": "A Well Infant with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with High Viral Load.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kam, Kai-Qian", "Yung, Chee Fu", "Cui, Lin", "Lin Tzer Pin, Raymond", "Mak, Tze Minn", "Maiwald, Matthias", "Li, Jiahui", "Chong, Chia Yin", "Nadua, Karen", "Tan, Natalie Woon Hui", "Thoon, Koh Cheng"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112082", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A well 6-month-old infant with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had persistently positive nasopharyngeal swabs to day 16 of admission. This case highlights the difficulties in establishing the true incidence of COVID-19 as asymptomatic individuals can excrete the virus. These patients may play important roles in human-to-human transmission in the community."}, {"pmid": 32202553, "title": "[COVID-19 coronavirus: what implications for Cardiology?]", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Di Pasquale, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202553", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483882, "title": "COVID-19 and alcohol in Australia: Industry changes and public health impacts.", "journal": "Drug Alcohol Rev", "authors": ["Colbert, Stephanie", "Wilkinson, Claire", "Thornton, Louise", "Richmond, Robyn"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483882", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418715, "pmcid": "PMC7204669", "title": "COVID-19: Pathogenesis, cytokine storm and therapeutic potential of interferons.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Nile, Shivraj Hariram", "Nile, Arti", "Qiu, Jiayin", "Li, Lin", "Jia, Xu", "Kai, Guoyin"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418715", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the novel SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has developed into an unprecedented global pandemic. Clinical investigations in patients with COVID-19 has shown a strong upregulation of cytokine and interferon production in SARS-CoV2- induced pneumonia, with an associated cytokine storm syndrome. Thus, the identification of existing approved therapies with proven safety profiles to treat hyperinflammation is a critical unmet need in order to reduce COVI-19 associated mortality. To date, no specific therapeutic drugs or vaccines are available to treat COVID-19 patients. This review evaluates several options that have been proposed to control SARS-CoV2 hyperinflammation and cytokine storm, eincluding antiviral drugs, vaccines, small-molecules, monoclonal antibodies, oligonucleotides, peptides, and interferons (IFNs)."}, {"pmid": 32422312, "pmcid": "PMC7227510", "title": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 on high-touch surfaces in a clinical microbiology laboratory.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Bloise, I", "Gomez-Arroyo, B", "Garcia-Rodriguez, J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422312", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369222, "pmcid": "PMC7267323", "title": "The management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Jialin", "Liu, Siru"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369222", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory disease occurred in Wuhan, China. It is an emerging infectious disease with widespread and rapid infectiousness. The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern on 31 January 2020. Severe COVID-19 patients should be managed and treated in a critical care unit. Performing a chest X-ray/CT can judge the severity of the disease. The management of COVID-19 patients includes epidemiological risk and patient isolation; treatment entails general supportive care, respiratory support, symptomatic treatment, nutritional support, psychological intervention, etc. The prognosis of the patients depends upon the severity of the disease, the patient's age, the underlying diseases of the patients, and the patient's overall medical condition. The management of COVID-19 should focus on early diagnosis, immediate isolation, general and optimized supportive care, and infection prevention and control."}, {"pmid": 32402140, "pmcid": "PMC7235521", "title": "SARS coronavirus 2; how many more examples do we need before the world commits to decisive action?", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Griffiths, P D"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241791, "title": "To consider or not antimalarials as a prophylactic intervention in the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Spinelli, Francesca Romana", "Ceccarelli, Fulvia", "Di Franco, Manuela", "Conti, Fabrizio"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241791", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521198, "title": "Uncertainty and COVID-19: how are we to respond?", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Koffman, Jonathan", "Gross, Jamie", "Etkind, Simon Noah", "Selman, Lucy"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521198", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366742, "pmcid": "PMC7219830", "title": "Prolonged Viral RNA Shedding Duration in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Ther", "authors": ["Zhang, Wei-Yun", "Yu, Le-Qun", "Huang, Jian-An", "Zeng, Da-Xiong"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366742", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32093921, "pmcid": "PMC7094554", "title": "One world, one health: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Trilla, Antoni"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32093921", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278757, "pmcid": "PMC7144607", "title": "COVID-19: Travel health and the implications for sub -Saharan Africa.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Iken, Oluwatomi", "Abakporo, Uzoma", "Ayobami, Olaniyi", "Attoye, Timothy"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371053, "pmcid": "PMC7183934", "title": "Sleep labs, lung function tests and COVID-19 pandemic - Only emergencies allowed!", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Drummond, M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371053", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209548, "title": "Covid-19: UK lockdown is \"crucial\" to saving lives, say doctors and scientists.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209548", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329551, "title": "Let's not forget our COVID-19-free cirrhotic patients!", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Vigano, Mauro", "Carbone, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329551", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294795, "title": "Benefits, Open questions and Challenges of the use of Ultrasound in the COVID-19 pandemic era. The views of a panel of worldwide international experts.", "journal": "Ultraschall Med", "authors": ["Piscaglia, Fabio", "Stefanini, Federico", "Cantisani, Vito", "Sidhu, Paul S", "Barr, Richard", "Berzigotti, Annalisa", "Chammas, Maria Cristina", "Correas, Jean-Michel", "Dietrich, Christoph Frank", "Feinstein, Steven", "Huang, Pintong", "Jenssen, Christian", "Kono, Yuko", "Kudo, Masatoshi", "Liang, Ping", "Lyshchik, Andrej", "Nolsoe, Christian", "Xie, Xyaoyan", "Tovoli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294795", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453392, "title": "Adverse Consequences of Rushing a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Implications for Public Trust.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Trogen, Brit", "Oshinsky, David", "Caplan, Arthur"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453392", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377030, "pmcid": "PMC7200382", "title": "Estimating the COVID-19 infection rate: Anatomy of an inference problem.", "journal": "J Econom", "authors": ["Manski, Charles F", "Molinari, Francesca"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377030", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a consequence of missing data on tests for infection and imperfect accuracy of tests, reported rates of cumulative population infection by the SARS CoV-2 virus are lower than actual rates of infection. Hence, reported rates of severe illness conditional on infection are higher than actual rates. Understanding the time path of the COVID-19 pandemic has been hampered by the absence of bounds on infection rates that are credible and informative. This paper explains the logical problem of bounding these rates and reports illustrative findings, using data from Illinois, New York, and Italy. We combine the data with assumptions on the infection rate in the untested population and on the accuracy of the tests that appear credible in the current context. We find that the infection rate might be substantially higher than reported. We also find that the infection fatality rate in Illinois, New York, and Italy is substantially lower than reported."}, {"pmid": 32366595, "title": "Acute anosmia from COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Pract Neurol", "authors": ["Mermelstein, Sofia"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366595", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488194, "pmcid": "PMC7264484", "title": "Transient acute-onset tetraparesis in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Spinal Cord", "authors": ["Giorgianni, Andrea", "Vinacci, Gabriele", "Agosti, Edoardo", "Cariddi, Lucia Princiotta", "Mauri, Marco", "Baruzzi, Fabio", "Versino, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488194", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484901, "title": "Re The source of elevated plasma D-dimer levels in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Hunt, Beverley J", "Levi, Marcel"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484901", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Markedly elevated levels D-dimers are seen in severe COVID-19 infection and have been related to a poor prognosis 1-2 . D-dimers are elevated alongside other acute inflammatory plasma markers such as fibrinogen, CRP and serum ferritin 1 . The elevation of plasma D-dimers has been taken to indicate there is a coagulopathy2 , and the assumption has been made that the increased fibrinolysis is secondary (due to thrombin generation) indeed an indication of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)."}, {"pmid": 32306015, "title": "[Analysis of special ehealth service for corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia].", "journal": "Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Feng, W", "Zhang, L N", "Li, J Y", "Wei, T", "Peng, T T", "Zhang, D X", "Guo, Z X", "Wang, W S"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306015", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze how governments, hospitals and information technology(IT) companies use Internet technology to provide online health services during the early stage of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in January 2020 in China, and then provide suggestions and coping strategies for the later stage and post-epidemic time. We searched for information on ehealth services related to the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. The sources of information were mainstream search engines such as Baidu and the popular interactive social platforms such as Webchat. The keywords were \"Internet+pneumonia\", \"Internet clinic\", \"pneumonia online clinic\" and so on. The time of information was from January 20 to February 3, 2020. The key information was extracted and encoded by two persons back-to-back. The coding information included: name of organization provider, launching time, location of provider, service items, user, health workers engaging in the service, and so on. The coded information was entered and analyzed with SPSS 24.0 and Excel. There were totally 57 projects launched by local governments, hospitals and IT companies. Most of them were launched from January 24th to 27th, the hospital and government projects services regionally, especially in eastern provinces. In this study, 90.48% of the enterprises and 100.00% of the hospitals had online fever clinic and consultation services for COVID-19, 66.67% of the enterprises and 37.04% of the hospitals serviced derivative health problems. Only a few projects provided tele-medical consultation. There were individual projects that provided online health management for home quarantine people. Physicians were the main force of various projects. In some hospital projects, there were also nurses, pharmacists and professional technicians to provide featured consultation. Ehealth is useful and helpful for the health care system to rapidly cope with health demand during instantaneous and post epidemic time. Regional distribution of ehealth is unbalanced. There are institutional and technical feasibilities for the emergency application of Internet technology. However, community health centers seldom provide ehealth or connect with tertiary hospitals with Internet. Therefore, all kinds of providers within healthcare system should promote emergence ehealth. Tele-medical diagnosis and referral should be developed by local governments during COVID-19. The application of \"Internet+medical treatment\" in community medical institutions and synergy among various institutions should be promoted."}, {"pmid": 32317115, "pmcid": "PMC7166103", "title": "Coronavirus and Radiology. Considerations on the crisis.", "journal": "Radiologia", "authors": ["Ros Mendoza, Luis H"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317115", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382151, "title": "Protect against market exclusivity in the fight against COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["'t Hoen, Ellen"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382151", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533322, "title": "Mixed central and peripheral nervous system disorders in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Chaumont, H", "San-Galli, A", "Martino, F", "Couratier, C", "Joguet, G", "Carles, M", "Roze, E", "Lannuzel, A"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533322", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32138488, "title": "The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak - A Global Threat.", "journal": "J Assoc Physicians India", "authors": ["Khot, Wasim Yunus", "Nadkar, Milind Y"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32138488", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 Novel Corona virus infection (COVID 19) is an ongoing public health emergency of international significance. There are significant knowledge gaps in the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, investigation tools and management. In this article, we review the available evidence about this disease. Every decade has witnessed the evolution of a new coronavirus epidemic since the last three decades. The varying transmission patterns, namely, nosocomial transmission and spread through mildly symptomatic cases is an area of concern. There is a spectrum of clinical features from mild to severe life threatening disease with major complications like severe pneumonia, ARDS, acute cardiac injury and septic shock. Presence of bilateral ground glass opacity and consolidation on imaging in appropriate clinical background should raise a suspicion about COVID 19. Poor prognostic factors include Multilobular infiltration on chest imaging, Lymphopenia, Bacterial co-infection, Smoking history, Chronic medical conditions like Hypertension and age >60 years (MuLBSTA score). Diagnosis is confirmed with PCR based testing of appropriate respiratory samples. Management is primarily supportive, with newer antivirals (lopinavir ritonavir and Remdesivir) under investigation. Role of steroids is still inconclusive. Standard infection control and prevention techniques should be followed. Vigilant screening of suspected cases and their contacts is important. Isolation of symptomatic cases and home quarantine of asymptomatic contacts is recommended. To conclude, controlling this highly transmissible disease requires international co-ordination."}, {"pmid": 32530453, "title": "Factors Associated With Surgical Mortality and Complications Among Patients With and Without Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy.", "journal": "JAMA Surg", "authors": ["Doglietto, Francesco", "Vezzoli, Marika", "Gheza, Federico", "Lussardi, Gian Luca", "Domenicucci, Marco", "Vecchiarelli, Luca", "Zanin, Luca", "Saraceno, Giorgio", "Signorini, Liana", "Panciani, Pier Paolo", "Castelli, Francesco", "Maroldi, Roberto", "Rasulo, Francesco Antonio", "Benvenuti, Mauro Roberto", "Portolani, Nazario", "Bonardelli, Stefano", "Milano, Giuseppe", "Casiraghi, Alessandro", "Calza, Stefano", "Fontanella, Marco Maria"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530453", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are limited data on mortality and complications rates in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who undergo surgery. To evaluate early surgical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in different subspecialties. This matched cohort study conducted in the general, vascular and thoracic surgery, orthopedic, and neurosurgery units of Spedali Civili Hospital (Brescia, Italy) included patients who underwent surgical treatment from February 23 to April 1, 2020, and had positive test results for COVID-19 either before or within 1 week after surgery. Gynecological and minor surgical procedures were excluded. Patients with COVID-19 were matched with patients without COVID-19 with a 1:2 ratio for sex, age group, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and comorbidities recorded in the surgical risk calculator of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Patients older than 65 years were also matched for the Clinical Frailty Scale score. Patients with positive results for COVID-19 and undergoing surgery vs matched surgical patients without infection. Screening for COVID-19 was performed with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay in nasopharyngeal swabs, chest radiography, and/or computed tomography. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on positivity of at least 1 of these investigations. The primary end point was early surgical mortality and complications in patients with COVID-19; secondary end points were the modeling of complications to determine the importance of COVID-19 compared with other surgical risk factors. Of 41 patients (of 333 who underwent operation during the same period) who underwent mainly urgent surgery, 33 (80.5%) had positive results for COVID-19 preoperatively and 8 (19.5%) had positive results within 5 days from surgery. Of the 123 patients of the combined cohorts (78 women [63.4%]; mean [SD] age, 76.6 [14.4] years), 30-day mortality was significantly higher for those with COVID-19 compared with control patients without COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR], 9.5; 95% CI, 1.77-96.53). Complications were also significantly higher (OR, 4.98; 95% CI, 1.81-16.07); pulmonary complications were the most common (OR, 35.62; 95% CI, 9.34-205.55), but thrombotic complications were also significantly associated with COVID-19 (OR, 13.2; 95% CI, 1.48-\u221e). Different models (cumulative link model and classification tree) identified COVID-19 as the main variable associated with complications. In this matched cohort study, surgical mortality and complications were higher in patients with COVID-19 compared with patients without COVID-19. These data suggest that, whenever possible, surgery should be postponed in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32178547, "pmcid": "PMC7079301", "title": "Challenges and Countermeasures of Integrative Cancer Therapy in the Epidemic of COVID-19.", "journal": "Integr Cancer Ther", "authors": ["Yang, Geliang", "Zhang, Huiqing", "Yang, Yufei"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178547", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533663, "title": "Hospital Pharmacy Service: Facing the logistics of medicines procurement.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Palomar-Fernandez, Carmen", "Alvarez-Diaz, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID crisis has abruptly broken into our hospitals, and many difficulties\u00a0have\u00a0 emerged, including those related to supply logistics.\u00a0A huge number of new\u00a0 patients, a fast internal reorganization process\u00a0and many other changes were\u00a0 suddenly established. These circumstances\u00a0revealed the need to increase stocks\u00a0 of drugs, both for basic treatment as\u00a0well as for specific SARS-CoV-2 infection\u00a0 management. At the same time,\u00a0other problems (shortages, new and complex\u00a0 purchasing procedures, etc.)\u00a0surfaced, so they could risk safety along the\u00a0 pharmacotherapeutic process.\u00a0The main objective was to develop and implement all the necessary\u00a0measures within the logistics circuit in order to ensure the\u00a0 availability of\u00a0medicines for patients, as safely and effectively as possible, during the\u00a0Coronavirus crisis.\u00a0Firstly, two pharmacists were appointed to coordinate the whole process,\u00a0and a preliminary analysis of the following aspects was carried\u00a0 out an\u00a0estimation of needs to make an initial drug provisioning, a storage\u00a0 feasibility\u00a0study and a global analysis of the logistics process to detect critical\u00a0 points.\u00a0Three different circuits for medicines supply were established as some\u00a0 drugs\u00a0were operated by Agencia Espa\u00f1ola de Medicamentos y Productos\u00a0 Sanitarios\u00a0(AEMPS) or Servicio Madrile\u00f1o de Salud (SERMAS), and others\u00a0were\u00a0 under no restrictions. For stocks control, inventory was frequently reviewed\u00a0and\u00a0 monitoring of prescription trends was implemented. For all\u00a0new medicinal\u00a0 products, compliance with security standards was reviewed\u00a0and relabeling was\u00a0 carried out if necessary. Criteria were defined for the\u00a0storage of overstocks and\u00a0 it was placed an isolated area for quarantined\u00a0drugs. Shortages inevitably\u00a0 occurred but their effects were partly mitigated\u00a0by AEMPS and SERMAS. After\u00a0 all, we consider that the implemented procedure for logistics management may\u00a0 be reproducible, and the key points we have identified are the following: to\u00a0 enhance our quality management system, to develop an Action Plan for\u00a0 Healthcare Emergencies and to ensure the adequate training for all pharmacy\u00a0 staff. Furthermore, we also should address other aspects: to establish storage\u00a0 optimization strategies, to focus on a more advanced logistics management\u00a0 model, as well as to take advantage of the extraordinary multidisciplinary\u00a0 network, which has been consolidated during this COVID pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32497748, "pmcid": "PMC7262534", "title": "Accidental vertebral artery injury in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Baccellieri, Domenico", "Bilman, Victor", "Ardita, Vincenzo", "Loschi, Diletta", "Melissano, Germano", "Chiesa, Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497748", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297571, "title": "SARS-CoV-2: Recent Reports on Antiviral Therapies Based on Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Darunavir/Umifenovir, Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Favipiravir and Other Drugs for the Treatment of the New Coronavirus", "journal": "Curr Med Chem", "authors": ["Costanzo, Michele", "De Giglio, Maria Anna Rachele", "Roviello, Giovanni Nicola"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297571", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here we report on the most recent updates on experimental drugs successfully em-\nployed in the treatment of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, also referred to as\n\nCOVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 19). In particular, several cases of recovered patients have\nbeen reported after being treated with lopinavir/ritonavir (which is widely used to treat human\nimmunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection) in combination with the anti-flu drug oseltamivir. In\naddition, remdesivir, which has been previously administered to Ebola virus patients, has also\n\nproven effective in the U.S. against coronavirus, while antimalarial chloroquine and hydroxy-\nchloroquine, favipiravir and co-administered darunavir and umifenovir (in patient therapies)\n\nwere also recently recorded as having anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects. Since the recoveries/deaths\n\nratio in the last weeks significantly increased, especially in China, it is clear that the experi-\nmental antiviral therapy, together with the availability of intensive care unit beds in hospitals\n\nand rigorous government control measures, all play an important role in dealing with this vi-\nrus. This also stresses the urgent need for the scientific community to devote its efforts to the\n\ndevelopment of other more specific antiviral strategies."}, {"pmid": 32278727, "pmcid": "PMC7195046", "title": "Ethical Rationing of Personal Protective Equipment to Minimize Moral Residue During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Binkley, Charles E", "Kemp, David S"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278727", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article proposes systems for the fair distribution of scarce resources to healthcare providers. It builds on classic ethical structures and adapts them to the equitable distribution of personal protective equipment (PPE) to clinicians at risk of contracting novel corona virus-19 (COVID-19). The article also defines systems of allocation that are generally considered unethical and are to be avoided. We emphasize that policies must be transparent, collaborative, applied equally, and have a system of accountability. It is recognized that unless the supply of PPE is quickly replenished, or viable alternatives to traditional equipment are devised in the coming days to weeks, hospitals and healthcare systems will face the difficult task of rationing PPE to at-risk clinicians. This paper suggests an ethical framework for that process."}, {"pmid": 32514223, "pmcid": "PMC7267225", "title": "Covid-19: biotechnologists make their contribution.", "journal": "J Chem Technol Biotechnol", "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514223", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332911, "title": "Chloroquine hype is derailing the search for coronavirus treatments.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ledford, Heidi"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332911", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283578, "title": "Stability and Viability of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Helmers, Andrew"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283578", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347329, "pmcid": "PMC7187667", "title": "Surgical management of suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)-positive patients: a model stemming from the experience at Level III Hospital in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.", "journal": "Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Zizzo, Maurizio", "Bollino, Ruggero", "Castro Ruiz, Carolina", "Biolchini, Federico", "Bonilauri, Stefano", "Sergi, William", "Annessi, Valerio"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347329", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493460, "pmcid": "PMC7267760", "title": "A short, animated video to improve good COVID-19 hygiene practices: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Vandormael, Alain", "Adam, Maya", "Greuel, Merlin", "Barnighausen, Till"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493460", "countries": ["France", "Germany", "Spain", "United Kingdom", "Mexico", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Entertainment-education (E-E) media can improve behavioral intent toward health-related practices. In the era of COVID-19, millions of people can be reached by E-E media without requiring any physical contact. We have designed a short, wordless, animated video about COVID-19 hygiene practices-such as social distancing and frequent hand washing-that can be rapidly distributed through social media channels to a global audience. The E-E video's effectiveness, however, remains unclear. The study aims to achieve the following objectives. To: 1.Quantify people's interest in watching a short, animated video about COVID-19 hygiene (abbreviated to CoVideo).2.Establish the CoVideo's effectiveness in increasing behavioural intent toward COVID-19 hygiene.3.Establish the CoVideo's effectiveness in improving COVID-19 hygiene knowledge. The present study is a multi-site, parallel group, randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effectiveness of the CoVideo against an attention placebo control (APC) video or no video. The trial has an intervention arm (CoVideo), placebo arm (APC), and control arm (no video). Nested in each trial arm is a list experiment and questionnaire survey, with the following ordering. Arm 1: the CoVideo, list experiment, and questionnaire survey. Arm 2: the APC video, list experiment, questionnaire survey, and CoVideo. Arm 3: the list experiment, questionnaire survey, and CoVideo. For each list experiment, participants will be randomized to a control or treatment group. The control group will receive a list of five items and the treatment group will receive the same five items plus one item about COVID-19 hygiene. We will use the list experiment to reduce response bias associated with socially desirable answers to COVID-19 questions. The questionnaire survey will include items about the participant's age, sex, country of residence, highest education, and knowledge of COVID-19 spread. After completing the list experiment and questionnaire survey, participants in Arms 2 and 3 will receive the CoVideo to ensure post-trial access to treatment. This will be an online study setting. We will use Prolific Academic (ProA: https://www.prolific.co) to recruit participants and host our study on the Gorilla\u2122 platform (www.gorilla.sc). To be eligible, participants must be between the age of 18 and 59 years (male, female, or other) and have current residence in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Mexico, or France. Participants will be excluded from the study if they cannot speak English, German, French, or Spanish (since the instructions and survey questions will be available in these 4 languages only). The intervention is an E-E video about COVID-19 hygiene (CoVideo). Developed by our co-author (MA) for Stanford Medicine, the CoVideo is animated with sound effects, and has no words, speech, or text. The CoVideo shows how the novel coronavirus is spread (airborne, physical contact) and summarizes the public's response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Key components of the CoVideo are the promotion of five hygiene practices: i) social distancing and avoiding group gatherings, ii) frequently washing hands with soap and water or sanitizer, iii) cleaning surfaces at home (e.g., kitchen counters), iv) not sharing eating utensils, and v) avoidance of stockpiling essential goods (such as toilet paper and face masks). The CoVideo, which was designed for universal reach and optimized for release on social media channels, can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAj38E7vrS8. The comparators are an APC video (Arm 2) or no video (Arm 3). The APC video is similar in style to the CoVideo; it is also animated with a duration of 2.30 minutes, has sound effects but no words, speech, or text. The video message is about how small choices become actions, which become habits, which become a way of life. It is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HEnohs6yYw. Each list experiment will have a control list as the comparator. The control list is needed to measure the prevalence of behavioral intent toward COVID-19 hygiene. This study will measure primary and secondary outcomes related to COVID-19 hygiene. By hygiene, we mean the adoption of behaviors or practices that reduce the chances of being infected or spreading COVID-19. As our primary outcome, we will measure changes in behavioral intent toward five hygiene practices: social distancing, washing hands, cleaning household surfaces, not sharing eating utensils, and not stockpiling essential goods. As a secondary outcome, we will measure knowledge about behaviors that can prevent the spread of COVID-19. Using a web-based randomization algorithm, Gorilla will randomly allocate participants to the intervention (CoVideo), placebo (APC), or control (no video) arm (sequence generation) at a 1:1:1 ratio. Within each trial arm, Gorilla will randomly allocate participants at a 1:1 ratio to the control or treatment group. Items in the lists will be randomly ordered to avoid order effects. The presentation order of the list experiments will also be randomized. Because ProA handles the interaction between the study investigators and participants, the participants will be completely anonymous to the study investigators. The outcome measures will be self-reported and submitted anonymously. All persons in the study team will be blinded to the group allocation. The Gorilla algorithm will randomize 6,700 participants to each trial arm, giving a total sample size of 20,100. The protocol version number is 1.0 and the date is 18 May 2020. Recruitment is expected to end by 22 June 2020. Thus far, the study investigators have recruited 2,500 participants on ProA. Of these participants, 800 have completed the study on the Gorilla platform. The study and its outcomes were registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (www.drks.de) on May 12th, 2020, protocol number: #DRKS00021582. The study was registered before any data was collected. The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32454066, "pmcid": "PMC7245327", "title": "High expression of ACE2 on the keratinocytes reveals skin as a potential target for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Invest Dermatol", "authors": ["Xue, Xiaotong", "Mi, Zihao", "Wang, Zhenzhen", "Pang, Zheng", "Liu, Hong", "Zhang, Furen"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454066", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275914, "pmcid": "PMC7138382", "title": "Type 1 interferons as a potential treatment against COVID-19.", "journal": "Antiviral Res", "authors": ["Sallard, Erwan", "Lescure, Francois-Xavier", "Yazdanpanah, Yazdan", "Mentre, France", "Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275914", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Type 1 interferons have a broad antiviral activity in vitro and are currently evaluated in a clinical trial to treat MERS-CoV. In this review, we discuss preliminary data concerning the potential activity of type 1 interferons on SARS-CoV-2, and the relevance of evaluating these molecules in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32531125, "title": "Comment on \"ACE inhibitors and COVID-19: We don't know yet\".", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Ilcol, Tevfik Bulent", "Cure, Erkan", "Cumhur Cure, Medine"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531125", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501852, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a diagnostic dilemma in HIV.", "journal": "AIDS", "authors": ["Coleman, Harry", "Snell, Luke B", "Simons, Rebecca", "Douthwaite, Sam T", "Lee, Ming J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501852", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425658, "pmcid": "PMC7228692", "title": "Modeling the effects of intervention strategies on COVID-19 transmission dynamics.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Kennedy, Deanna M", "Zambrano, Gustavo Jose", "Wang, Yiyu", "Neto, Osmar Pinto"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425658", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To model the effects of continuous, intermittent, and stepping-down social distancing (SD) strategies and personal protection measures on COVID-19 transmission dynamics. Constant, intermittent, and stepping-down SD strategies were modeled at 4 mean magnitudes (5%, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %), 2 time windows (40-days, 80-days), and 2 levels of personal caution (30 % and 50 %). The stepping-down strategy was the best long-term SD strategy to minimize the peak number of active COVID-19 cases and associated deaths. The stepping-down strategy also resulted in a reduction in total time required to SD over a two-year period by 6.5 % compared to an intermittent or constant SD strategy. An 80-day SD time-window was statistically more effective in maintaining control over the COVID-19 pandemic than a 40-day window. However, the results were dependent upon 50 % of people being cautious (engaging in personal protection measures). If people exercise caution while in public by protecting themselves (e.g., wearing a facemask, proper hand hygiene and avoid agglomeration) the magnitude and duration of SD necessary to maintain control over the pandemic can be reduced. Our models suggest that the most effective way to reduce SD over a two-year period is a stepping-down approach every 80 days. According to our model, this method would prevent a second peak and the number of intensive care units needed per day would be within the threshold of those currently available."}, {"pmid": 32437755, "pmcid": "PMC7211683", "title": "The importance of continuing breastfeeding during COVID-19: in support to the WHO statement on breastfeeding during the pandemic.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Williams, Julianne", "Namazova-Baranova, Leyla", "Weber, Martin", "Vural, Mehmet", "Mestrovic, Julije", "Carrasco-Sanz, Angel", "Breda, Joao", "Berdzuli, Nino", "Pettoello-Mantovani, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496917, "pmcid": "PMC7265880", "title": "Response by Cohen et al to Letter Regarding Article, \"Association of Inpatient Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers With Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized With COVID-19\".", "journal": "Circ Res", "authors": ["Cohen, Jordana B", "Hanff, Thomas C", "South, Andrew M", "Sparks, Matthew A", "Hiremath, Swapnil", "Bress, Adam P", "Byrd, J Brian", "Chirinos, Julio A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496917", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389195, "pmcid": "PMC7202838", "title": "Infection prevention and control compliance in Tanzanian outpatient facilities: a cross-sectional study with implications for the control of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Powell-Jackson, Timothy", "King, Jessica J C", "Makungu, Christina", "Spieker, Nicole", "Woodd, Susannah", "Risha, Peter", "Goodman, Catherine"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389195", "countries": ["Tanzania, United Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads, weak health systems must not become a vehicle for transmission through poor infection prevention and control practices. We assessed the compliance of health workers with infection prevention and control practices relevant to COVID-19 in outpatient settings in Tanzania, before the pandemic. This study was based on a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected as part of a randomised controlled trial in private for-profit dispensaries and health centres and in faith-based dispensaries, health centres, and hospitals, in 18 regions. We observed provider-patient interactions in outpatient consultation rooms, laboratories, and dressing rooms, and categorised infection prevention and control practices into four domains: hand hygiene, glove use, disinfection of reusable equipment, and waste management. We calculated compliance as the proportion of indications (infection risks) in which a health worker performed a correct action, and examined associations between compliance and health worker and facility characteristics using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models. Between Feb 7 and April 5, 2018, we visited 228 health facilities, and observed at least one infection prevention and control indication in 220 facilities (118 [54%] dispensaries, 66 [30%] health centres, and 36 [16%] hospitals). 18\u2008710 indications were observed across 734 health workers (49 [7%] medical doctors, 214 [29%] assistant medical officers or clinical officers, 106 [14%] nurses or midwives, 126 [17%] clinical assistants, and 238 [32%] laboratory technicians or assistants). Compliance was 6\u00b79% for hand hygiene (n=8655 indications), 74\u00b78% for glove use (n=4915), 4\u00b78% for disinfection of reusable equipment (n=841), and 43\u00b73% for waste management (n=4299). Facility location was not associated with compliance in any of the infection prevention and control domains. Facility level and ownership were also not significantly associated with compliance, except for waste management. For hand hygiene, nurses and midwives (odds ratio 5\u00b780 [95% CI 3\u00b791-8\u00b761]) and nursing and medical assistants (2\u00b765 [1\u00b767-4\u00b720]) significantly outperformed the reference category of assistant medical officers or clinical officers. For glove use, nurses and midwives (10\u00b706 [6\u00b768-15\u00b713]) and nursing and medical assistants (5\u00b793 [4\u00b705-8\u00b771]) also significantly outperformed the reference category. Laboratory technicians performed significantly better in glove use (11\u00b795 [8\u00b798-15\u00b789]), but significantly worse in hand hygiene (0\u00b727 [0\u00b717-0\u00b743]) and waste management (0\u00b725 [0\u00b714-0\u00b744] than the reference category. Health worker age was negatively associated with correct glove use and female health workers were more likely to comply with hand hygiene. Health worker infection prevention and control compliance, particularly for hand hygiene and disinfection, was inadequate in these outpatient settings. Improvements in provision of supplies and health worker behaviours are urgently needed in the face of the current pandemic. UK Medical Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Department for International Development, Global Challenges Research Fund, Wellcome Trust."}, {"pmid": 32387139, "pmcid": "PMC7200379", "title": "A Dual-Center Observational Review of Hospital-Based Palliative Care in Patients Dying With COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Turner, Jennifer", "Eliot Hodgson, Luke", "Leckie, Todd", "Eade, Lisa", "Ford-Dunn, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387139", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put significant strain on all aspects of health care delivery, including palliative care services. Given the high mortality from this disease, particularly in the more vulnerable members of society, it is important to examine how best to deliver a high standard of end-of-life care during this crisis. This case series collected data from two acute hospitals examining the management of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who subsequently died (n\u00a0=\u00a036) and compared this with national and local end-of-life audit data for all other deaths. Our results demonstrated a shorter dying phase (38.25\u00a0hours vs. 74\u00a0hours) and higher rates of syringe driver use (72% vs. 33% in local audits), although with similar average mediation doses. Of note was the significant heterogeneity in the phenotype of deterioration in the dying phase, two distinct patterns emerged, with one group demonstrating severe illness with a short interval between symptom onset and death and another group presenting with a more protracted deterioration. This brief report suggests a spectrum of mode of dying. Overall, the cohort reflects previously described experiences, with increased frailty (median Clinical Frailty Scale score of 5) and extensive comorbidity burden. This brief report provides clinicians with a contemporaneous overview of our experience, knowledge, and pattern recognition when caring for people with COVID-19 and highlights the value of proactive identification of patients and risk of deterioration and palliation."}, {"pmid": 32522606, "title": "South Korea's Reponses to Stop the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Kang, JaHyun", "Jang, Yun Young", "Kim, Jinwha", "Han, Si-Hyeon", "Lee, Ki Rog", "Kim, Mukju", "Eom, Joong Sik"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522606", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "South Korea's aggressive responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have greatly slowed the epidemic without regional lockdowns. The Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's daily briefings were thoroughly reviewed. Information about hospital countermeasures and government coordination was collected via telephone interviews with 4 infection control team leaders, 1 emergency department nurse, and 1 infectious disease physician in Korea. After the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak, the government and hospitals prepared for the inevitable outbreak of emerging infectious diseases by reforming the epidemic preparedness system. As a result, COVID-19 diagnostic test kits were quickly developed, enabling extensive early detection of potential cases. Other key steps were tracking cases, finding exposed individuals, coordinating case assignments with healthcare facilities, and selective clinic screenings for visitors' entering hospitals with mandatory mask wearing. Consequently, after overcoming the initial peak of the outbreak, which was related to a religious group, Korea has been able to maintain daily new cases at around 100 and to less than 50 daily cases in the second week of April. To counter the COVID-19 pandemic, which may persist, long-term, sustained response strategies must be prepared along with coordination between government and health systems."}, {"pmid": 32400375, "title": "[Kronisk syge og udsatte gruppers situation under COVID-19-pandemien].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Norredam, Marie", "Benfiels, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400375", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299225, "title": "Physical Distancing and Emotional Closeness Amidst COVID-19.", "journal": "Crisis", "authors": ["Yip, Paul S F", "Chau, Pui Hing"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496253, "title": "Distribution and growth rate of COVID-19 outbreak in Tamil Nadu: A log-linear regression approach.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Bhaskar, Adhin", "Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan", "Srinivasan, Ramalingam", "Padmanaban, Srinivasan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496253", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most of the countries are affected with the pandemic outbreak of the coronavirus infection. Understanding the severity and distribution in various regions will help in planning the controlling measures. The objective was to assess the distribution and growth rate of COVID-19 infection in Tamil Nadu, India. The data on the number of infections of COVID-19 have been obtained from the media reports released by the Government of Tamil Nadu. The data contain information on the incidence of the disease for the first 41 days of the outbreak started on March 7, 2020. Log-linear model has been used to estimate the progression of the COVID-19 infection in Tamil Nadu. Separate models were employed to model the growth rate and decay rate of the disease. Spatial Poisson regression was used to identify the high-risk areas in the state. : The models estimated the doubling time for the number of cases in growth phase as 3.96 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.70, 9.42) days and halving time in the decay phase as 12.08 (95% CI: 6.79, 54.78) days. The estimated median reproduction numbers were 1.88 (min = 1.09, max = 2.51) and 0.76 (min = 0.56, max = 0.99) in the growth and decay phases, respectively. The spatial Poisson regression identified 11 districts as high risk. The results indicate that the outbreak is showing decay in the number of infections of the disease which highlights the effectiveness of controlling measures."}, {"pmid": 32457133, "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on renal transplantation in the UK.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Sharma, Videha", "Shaw, Alex", "Lowe, Marcus", "Summers, Angela", "van Dellen, David", "Augustine, Titus"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457133", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is impacting provision of renal transplantation in the UK with a reduction in clinical activity. Publicly available Renal Registry and NHS Blood and Transplant reports were analysed to model the number of missed transplant opportunities, waiting list size and change in dialysis population over a six-month period starting 5 March 2020. An estimated 1,670 kidney transplant opportunities may be lost, which will lead to 6,317 active patients on the kidney-alone waiting list, compared to 4,649 based on usual activity estimates. This will result in 1,324 additional patients on dialysis who would otherwise have been transplanted. COVID-19 will lead to a marked loss of transplant opportunities and a significantly larger national waiting list. The existing strain on dialysis capacity will be exacerbated as patients remain on dialysis as the only available form of renal replacement therapy. These findings will help inform policy and service specific strategies."}, {"pmid": 32358229, "title": "COVID-19 in a Young Girl with Restrictive Cardiomyopathy and Chronic Lung Disease.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Inciyildirim, Ayse", "Karaagac, Aysuturkmen"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358229", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519943, "title": "Hospital Admission in Children and Adolescents With COVID-19.", "journal": "Dtsch Arztebl Int", "authors": ["Armann, Jakob Peter", "Diffloth, Natalie", "Simon, Arne", "Doenhardt, Maren", "Hufnagel, Markus", "Trotter, Andreas", "Schneider, Dominik", "Hubner, Johannes", "Berner, Reinhard"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519943", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369026, "pmcid": "PMC7238863", "title": "The Impact of Social Media on Panic During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraqi Kurdistan: Online Questionnaire Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Ahmad, Araz Ramazan", "Murad, Hersh Rasool"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369026", "countries": ["Iraq"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the first few months of 2020, information and news reports about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were rapidly published and shared on social media and social networking sites. While the field of infodemiology has studied information patterns on the Web and in social media for at least 18 years, the COVID-19 pandemic has been referred to as the first social media infodemic. However, there is limited evidence about whether and how the social media infodemic has spread panic and affected the mental health of social media users. The aim of this study is to determine how social media affects self-reported mental health and the spread of panic about COVID-19 in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. To carry out this study, an online questionnaire was prepared and conducted in Iraqi Kurdistan, and a total of 516 social media users were sampled. This study deployed a content analysis method for data analysis. Correspondingly, data were analyzed using SPSS software. Participants reported that social media has a significant impact on spreading fear and panic related to the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan, with a potential negative influence on people's mental health and psychological well-being. Facebook was the most used social media network for spreading panic about the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraq. We found a significant positive statistical correlation between self-reported social media use and the spread of panic related to COVID-19 (R=.8701). Our results showed that the majority of youths aged 18-35 years are facing psychological anxiety. During lockdown, people are using social media platforms to gain information about COVID-19. The nature of the impact of social media panic among people varies depending on an individual's gender, age, and level of education. Social media has played a key role in spreading anxiety about the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan."}, {"pmid": 32215931, "pmcid": "PMC7228348", "title": "Hospital response to the COVID-19 outbreak: The experience in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["Zhang, Yuxia", "Sun, Zhan", "Latour, Jos M", "Hu, Bijie", "Qian, Juying"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215931", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334323, "pmcid": "PMC7162626", "title": "Recommendations for triage, prioritization and treatment of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Breast", "authors": ["Curigliano, Giuseppe", "Cardoso, Maria Joao", "Poortmans, Philip", "Gentilini, Oreste", "Pravettoni, Gabriella", "Mazzocco, Ketti", "Houssami, Nehmat", "Pagani, Olivia", "Senkus, Elzbieta", "Cardoso, Fatima"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334323", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated disease (COVID-19) outbreak seriously challenges globally all health care systems and professionals. Expert projections estimate that despite social distancing and lockdown being practiced, we have yet to feel the full impact of COVID-19. In this manuscript we provide guidance to prepare for the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer patients and advise on how to triage, prioritize and organize diagnostic procedures, surgical, radiation and medical treatments."}, {"pmid": 32315879, "pmcid": "PMC7194570", "title": "Stressors of nurses in psychiatric hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Wu, Dongmei", "Jiang, Chunyan", "He, Changjiu", "Li, Chao", "Yang, Lei", "Yue, Yuchuan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315879", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360608, "pmcid": "PMC7189847", "title": "Forecasting the timeframe of 2019-nCoV and human cells interaction with reverse engineering.", "journal": "Prog Biophys Mol Biol", "authors": ["Sohail, Ayesha", "Nutini, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360608", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an atypical pneumonia invaded the city of Wuhan, China, and the causative agent of this disease turned out to be a new coronavirus. In January 2020, the World Health Organization named the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV and subsequently it is referred to as SARS-CoV2 and the related disease as CoViD-19 (Lai et\u00a0al., 2020). Very quickly, the epidemic led to a pandemic and it is now a worldwide emergency requiring the creation of new antiviral therapies and a related vaccine. The purpose of this article is to review and investigate further the molecular mechanism by which the SARS-CoV2 virus infection proceeds via the formation of a hetero-trimer between its protein S, the ACE2 receptor and the B0AT1 protein, which is the \"entry receptor\" for the infection process involving membrane fusion (Li et\u00a0al., 2003). A reverse engineering process uses the formalism of the Hill function to represent the functions related to the dynamics of the biochemical interactions of the viral infection process. Then, using a logical evaluation of viral density that measures the rate at which the cells are hijacked by the virus (and they provide a place for the virus to replicate) and considering the \"time delay\" given by the interaction between cell and virus, the expected duration of the incubation period is predicted. The conclusion is that the density of the virus varies from the \"exposure time\" to the \"interaction time\" (virus-cells). This model can be used both to evaluate the infectious condition and to analyze the incubation period. The ongoing threat of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV2 pandemic is alarming and strategies for combating infection are highly desired. This RNA virus belongs to the \u03b2-coronavirus genus and is similar in some features to SARS-CoV. Currently, no vaccine or approved medical treatment is available. The complex dynamics of the rapid spread of this virus can be demonstrated with the aid of a computational framework. A mathematical model based on the principles of cell-virus interaction is developed in this manuscript. The amino acid sequence of S proein and its interaction with the ACE-2 protein is mimicked with the aid of Hill function. The mathematical model with delay is solved with the aid of numerical solvers and the parametric values are obtained with the help of MCMC algorithm. A delay differential equation model is developed to demonstrate the dynamics of target cells, infected cells and the SARS-CoV2. The important parameters and coefficients are demonstrated with the aid of numerical computations. The resulting thresholds and forecasting may prove to be useful tools for future experimental studies and control strategies. From the analysis, I is concluded that control strategy via delay is a promising technique and the role of Hill function formalism in control strategies can be better interpreted in an inexpensive manner with the aid of a theoretical framework."}, {"pmid": 32469253, "title": "The Spectrum of Cardiac Manifestations in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - a Systematic Echocardiographic Study.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Szekely, Yishay", "Lichter, Yael", "Taieb, Philippe", "Banai, Ariel", "Hochstadt, Aviram", "Merdler, Ilan", "Gal Oz, Amir", "Rothschild, Ehud", "Baruch, Guy", "Peri, Yogev", "Arbel, Yaron", "Topilsky, Yan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469253", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Information regarding the cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 is scarce. We performed a systematic and comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation of consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. Methods: 100 consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection underwent complete echocardiographic evaluation within 24 hours of admission and were compared to reference values. Echocardiographic studies included left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function, valve hemodynamics and right ventricular (RV) assessment, as well as lung ultrasound. A second exam was performed in case of clinical deterioration. Results: Thirty two patients (32%) had a normal echocardiogram at baseline. The most common cardiac pathology was RV dilatation and dysfunction (observed in 39% of patients), followed by LV diastolic dysfunction (16%) and LV systolic dysfunction (10%). Patients with elevated troponin (20%) or worse clinical condition did not demonstrate any significant difference in LV systolic function compared to patients with normal troponin or better clinical condition, but had worse RV function. Clinical deterioration occurred in 20% of patients. In these patients, the most common echocardiographic abnormality at follow-up was RV function deterioration (12 patients), followed by LV systolic and diastolic deterioration (in 5 patients). Femoral vein thrombosis (DVT) was diagnosed in 5 of 12 patients with RV failure. Conclusions:In COVID-19 infection, LV systolic function is preserved in the majority of patients, but LV diastolic and RV function are impaired. Elevated troponin and poorer clinical grade are associated with worse RV function. In patients presenting with clinical deterioration at follow-up, acute RV dysfunction, with or without DVT, is more common, but acute LV systolic dysfunction was noted in \u224820%."}, {"pmid": 32439269, "pmcid": "PMC7211628", "title": "[Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection].", "journal": "Semergen", "authors": ["Orozco-Hernandez, J P", "Marin-Medina, D S", "Sanchez-Duque, J A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439269", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524793, "title": "COVID-19 Carrier or Pneumonia: Positive Real-Time Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction but Negative or Positive Chest CT Results.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Lei, Pinggui", "Fan, Bing", "Sun, Yipeng"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524793", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298247, "title": "Characteristics of Health Care Personnel with COVID-19 - United States, February 12-April 9, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298247", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 9, 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had resulted in 1,521,252 cases and 92,798 deaths worldwide, including 459,165 cases and 16,570 deaths in the United States (1,2). Health care personnel (HCP) are essential workers defined as paid and unpaid persons serving in health care settings who have the potential for direct or indirect exposure to patients or infectious materials (3). During February 12-April 9, among 315,531 COVID-19 cases reported to CDC using a standardized form, 49,370 (16%) included data on whether the patient was a health care worker in the United States; including 9,282 (19%) who were identified as HCP. Among HCP patients with data available, the median age was 42 years (interquartile range [IQR]\u00a0=\u00a032-54 years), 6,603 (73%) were female, and 1,779 (38%) reported at least one underlying health condition. Among HCP patients with data on health care, household, and community exposures, 780 (55%) reported contact with a COVID-19 patient only in health care settings. Although 4,336 (92%) HCP patients reported having at least one symptom among fever, cough, or shortness of breath, the remaining 8% did not report any of these symptoms. Most HCP with COVID-19 (6,760, 90%) were not hospitalized; however, severe outcomes, including 27 deaths, occurred across all age groups; deaths most frequently occurred in HCP aged \u226565 years. These preliminary findings highlight that whether HCP acquire infection at work or in the community, it is necessary to protect the health and safety of this essential national workforce."}, {"pmid": 32379913, "pmcid": "PMC7267267", "title": "Evolution of COVID-19 infection in four psoriatic patients treated with biological drugs.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Conti, A", "Lasagni, C", "Bigi, L", "Pellacani, G"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379913", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32133829, "title": "[Analysis of bronchoscope-guided tracheal intubation in 12 cases with coronavirus disease 2019 under the personal protective equipment with positive pressure protective hood].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Cai, S J", "Wu, L L", "Chen, D F", "Li, Y X", "Liu, Y J", "Fan, Y Q", "Du, S H", "Huang, H", "Liu, N", "Cheng, L L", "Deng, X L", "Li, S Y"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133829", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Endotracheal intubation is an independent risk factor for respiratory infectious diseases. We conducted a retrospective study in 12 cases with COVID-19 who underwent endotracheal intubation at ICU of the Guangzhou eighth hospital from January 20 to February 10, 2020. The intubation procedure, anesthetic regimen, and complication were collected and analyzed. The 9 healthcare workers who involved in intubation received virus nucleic acid test and 14 days temperature monitoring. All 12 patients were successfully intubated under the guidance of bronchoscope, without any complications. Midazolam, Propofol and Morphine or fentanyl were used for sedation and analgesia, avoiding patients cough and agitated during the procedure. The 9 healthcare workers were protected under the Personal Protective Equipment(PPE) with positive pressure protective hood. The detection of oropharyngeal swab virus nucleic acid were negative in all 9 healthcare workers, none of them had fever or any respiratory symptoms. The PPE with positive pressure protective hood should be needed to perform bronchoscope-guided endotracheal intubation in patients with COVID-19, it could strengthen to protect healthcare workers from virus exposure."}, {"pmid": 32406932, "pmcid": "PMC7272885", "title": "Restructuring the surgical service during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience from a tertiary institution in Singapore.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Low, T Y", "So, J B Y", "Madhavan, K K", "Hartman, M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406932", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517796, "title": "Potential benefit of angiotensin II in COVID-19 patients: beyond reasonable doubt?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Tralhao, Antonio", "Moita, Luis Ferreira", "Povoa, Pedro"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517796", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415990, "title": "In the response to COVID-19, we can't forget health system commitments to contraception and family planning.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Townsend, John W", "Ten Hoope-Bender, Petra", "Sheffield, Jill"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415990", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Contraceptive and family planning services and supplies are core components of essential health services, and access to these services is a fundamental human right. This standard must continue to be respected and protected as such by governments prioritizing scarce resources during this COVID-19 pandemic. But with many health systems currently focusing on the response to the pandemic, the provision of basic contraception counselling, the delivery of contraceptive products and services, and the functioning of supply chains have been disrupted."}, {"pmid": 32320375, "title": "Logic in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "J Med Microbiol", "authors": ["Inglis, Timothy J J"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320375", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Much has happened here since the local news media trumpeted the first Australian COVID-19 fatality, and stirred up a medieval fear of contagion. We now need to take a step back to examine the logic underlying the use of our limited COVID-19 countermeasures. Emerging infectious diseases by their nature, pose new challenges to the diagnostic-treatment-control nexus, and push our concepts of causality beyond the limits of the conventional Koch-Henle approach to aetiology. We need to use contemporary methods of assessing causality to ensure that clinical, laboratory and public health measures draw on a rational, evidence-based approach to argumentation. The purpose of any aetiological hypothesis is to derive actionable insights into this latest emerging infectious disease. This review is an introduction to a conversation with medical microbiologists, which will be supported by a moderated blog."}, {"pmid": 32405032, "pmcid": "PMC7220589", "title": "Telehealth in urology after the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Rev Urol", "authors": ["Gadzinski, Adam J", "Ellimoottil, Chad"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405032", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399493, "pmcid": "PMC7204539", "title": "Optimizing the trauma resuscitation bay during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Trauma Surg Acute Care Open", "authors": ["Livingston, David Hugh", "Bonne, Stephanie", "Morello, Catherin", "Fox, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399493", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The covid-19 global pandemic due to the SARS-CoV2 (CoV2) virus has created the need to adapt hospital workspaces and staffing models, and trauma is no exception. While the optimal configuration of a trauma resuscitation area is debatable, the space needs to be large enough to accommodate the trauma team and ancillary staff. It also needs to have ready access to supplies and equipment to quickly and easily control hemorrhage, secure an airway and initiate fluid resuscitation. Lastly, stores of personal protective equipment in the form of fluid resistant gowns, head covering, face shield, and gloves (both sterile and non-sterile) should be readily available but under strict access. As CoV2 carriers increased in our population in New Jersey, we treated each incoming trauma patient as a potentially CoV2-positive case and sought to reconfigure out trauma resuscitation area to minimize exposure of our supplies to aerosolized virus."}, {"pmid": 32437018, "title": "TMPRSS2: Potential Biomarker for COVID-19 Outcomes.", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Strope, Jonathan D", "PharmD, Cindy H Chau", "Figg, William D"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437018", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533876, "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Kilinc, Duygu", "van de Pasch, Suzanne", "Doets, Alex Y", "Jacobs, Bart C", "van Vliet, Judith", "Garssen, Marcel P J"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533876", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first reports in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly developed into a pandemic associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy that may be triggered by various bacterial and viral infections. Reports on possible neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 are still scarce. Hereby, we report a case of GBS after an infection with SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32473680, "pmcid": "PMC7255757", "title": "The starting line for COVID-19 vaccine development.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Lee, Nelson", "McGeer, Allison"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473680", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313880, "pmcid": "PMC7166201", "title": "PAK1-blockers: Potential Therapeutics against COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Maruta, Hiroshi", "He, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313880", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "PAK1 (RAC/CDC42-activated kinase 1) is the major \"pathogenic\" kinase whose abnormal activation causes a wide variety of diseases/disorders including cancers, inflammation, malaria and pandemic viral infection including influenza, HIV and COVID-19. Since Louis Pateur who developed a vaccine against rabies in 1885, in general a series of \"specific\" vaccines have been used for treatment of viral infection, mainly because antibiotics in general are ineffective for treatment of viral infection. However, it takes 12-18\u202fmonths till the effective vaccine becomes available. Until then ventilator (O2 supplier) would be the most common tool for saving the life of COVID-19 patients. Thus, as alternative potentially more direct \"broad-spectrum\" COVID-19 therapeutics, several natural and synthetic PAK1-blockers such as propolis, melatonin, ciclesonide, hydroxy chloroquine (HQ), ivermection, and ketorolac, which are readily available in the market, are introduced here."}, {"pmid": 32519285, "title": "Lessons from Operations Management to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Patrinley, James Randall Jr", "Berkowitz, Sean T", "Zakria, Danny", "Totten, Douglas J", "Kurtulus, Mumin", "Drolet, Brian C"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484155, "title": "Malaria and Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases: Potential Syndemics with COVID-19?", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Gutman, Julie R", "Lucchi, Naomi W", "Cantey, Paul T", "Steinhardt, Laura C", "Samuels, Aaron M", "Kamb, Mary L", "Kapella, Bryan K", "McElroy, Peter D", "Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam", "Lindblade, Kim A"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484155", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, have surpassed 5 million cases globally. Current models suggest that low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) will have a similar incidence but substantially lower mortality rate than high-income countries. However, malaria and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are prevalent in LMICs, and coinfections are likely. Both malaria and parasitic NTDs can alter immunologic responses to other infectious agents. Malaria can induce a cytokine storm and pro-coagulant state similar to that seen in severe COVID-19. Consequently, coinfections with malaria parasites and SARS-CoV-2 could result in substantially worse outcomes than mono-infections with either pathogen, and could shift the age pattern of severe COVID-19 to younger age-groups. Enhancing surveillance platforms could provide signals that indicate whether malaria, NTDs, and COVID-19 are syndemics (synergistic epidemics). Based on the prevalence of malaria and NTDs in specific localities, efforts to characterize COVID-19 in LMICs could be expanded by adding testing for malaria and NTDs. Such additional testing would allow the determination of the rates of coinfection and comparison of severity of outcomes by infection status, greatly improving the understanding of the epidemiology of COVID-19 in LMICs and potentially helping to mitigate its impact."}, {"pmid": 32525830, "title": "A vaccine is not too far for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Patel, Shailesh Kumar", "Pathak, Mamta", "Tiwari, Ruchi", "Yatoo, Mohd Iqbal", "Malik, Yashpal Singh", "Sah, Ranjit", "Rabaan, Ali A", "Sharun, Khan", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525830", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344469, "pmcid": "PMC7267271", "title": "DIC in COVID-19: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment?", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Seitz, Rainer", "Schramm, Wolfgang"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344469", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492209, "title": "''Determining Host Factors Contributing to Disease Severity in a Family Cluster of 29 Hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 Patients: Could Genetic Factors Be Relevant in the Clinical Course of COVID-19?''.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ikitimur, Hande", "Borku Uysal, Betul", "Cengiz, Mahir", "Ikitimur, Baris", "Uysal, Harun", "Ozcan, Erkan", "Islamoglu, Mehmet Sami", "Seyhan, Serhat", "Yavuzer, Hakan", "Yavuzer, Serap"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492209", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, we report a large family cluster consisting of 29 genetically related patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We sought to determine the clinical characteristics relevant to the clinical course of COVID-19 by comparing the family cluster to unrelated patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection so that the presence of potential determinants of disease severity, other than traditional risk factors previously reported, could be investigated. 29 patient files were investigated in Group 1 and Group 2 was created with 52 consecutive COVID-19 patients with age and gender compatibility. The virus was detected for diagnosis. The clinical, laboratory and imaging features of all patients were retrospectively screened. Disease course was assessed using records regarding outcome from patient files retrospectively. Groups were compared with respect to baseline characteristics, disease severity on presentation, disease course. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of comorbidity and smoking history. In terms of in-hospital treatment, use differed not significantly between two groups. We found that all 29 patients in Group 1 had severe pneumonia, 18 patients had severe pneumonia. Hospitalization rates, length of hospital stay and transferred to ICU were found to be statistically significantly higher in Group 1. In the present study, COVID-19 cases in the large family cluster were shown to have more severe disease and worse clinical course compared to consecutive COVID-19 patients presenting to the same time. We believe further studies into potential genetic mechanisms of host susceptibility to COVID-19 should include such family clusters. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32346157, "title": "Five ways that Trump is undermining environmental protections under the cover of coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tollefson, Jeff"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346157", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364527, "pmcid": "PMC7244084", "title": "Immune environment modulation in pneumonia patients caused by coronavirus: SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Yao, Zhixian", "Zheng, Zhong", "Wu, Ke", "Junhua, Zheng"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364527", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, we are on a global pandemic of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which causes fever, dry cough, fatigue and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that may ultimately lead to the death of the infected. Current researches on COVID-19 continue to highlight the necessity for further understanding the virus-host synergies. In this study, we have highlighted the key cytokines induced by coronavirus infections. We have demonstrated that genes coding interleukins (Il-1\u03b1, Il-1\u03b2, Il-6, Il-10), chemokine (Ccl2, Ccl3, Ccl5, Ccl10), and interferon (Ifn-\u03b12, Ifn-\u03b21, Ifn2) upsurge significantly which in line with the elevated infiltration of T cells, NK cells and monocytes in SARS-Cov treated group at 24 hours. Also, interleukins (IL-6, IL-23\u03b1, IL-10, IL-7, IL-1\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2) and interferon (IFN-\u03b12, IFN2, IFN-\u03b3) have increased dramatically in MERS-Cov at 24 hours. A similar cytokine profile showed the cytokine storm served a critical role in the infection process. Subsequent investigation of 463 patients with COVID-19 disease revealed the decreased amount of total lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the severe type patients which indicated COVID-19 can impose hard blows on human lymphocyte resulting in lethal pneumonia. Thus, taking control of changes in immune factors could be critical in the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32474047, "pmcid": "PMC7255718", "title": "Drinking no-links to the severity of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Ming", "Gao, Ya", "Shi, Shuzhen", "Chen, Yamin", "Yang, Kelu", "Tian, Jinhui"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474047", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389420, "pmcid": "PMC7187821", "title": "Radiotherapy & Oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Baumann, Michael", "Overgaard, Jens", "Bacchus, Carol"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389420", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32063263, "pmcid": "PMC7130265", "title": "A Novel Coronavirus Emerges.", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Ena, J", "Wenzel, R P"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32063263", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496938, "title": "A case report of serious haemolysis in a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient COVID-19 patient receiving hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Maillart, E", "Leemans, S", "Van Noten, H", "Vandergraesen, T", "Mahadeb, B", "Salaouatchi, M T", "De Bels, D", "Clevenbergh, P"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496938", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the COVID-19 epidemic occurred since December 2019, as of end April 2020, no treatment has been validated or invalidated by accurate clinical trials. Use of hydroxychloroquine has been popularised on mass media and put forward as a valid treatment option without strong evidence of efficacy. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has its own side effects, some of which are very serious like acute haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient patients. Side effects may be worse than the disease itself. Belgian national treatment guidelines recommend the use of HCQ in mild to severe COVID-19 disease. As opinions, politics, media and beliefs are governing COVID-19 therapy, performance of randomised controlled blinded clinical trials became difficult. Results of sound clinical trials are eagerly awaited. We report a case of acute haemolysis leading to admission in intensive care unit and renal failure in a patient with uncovered G6PD deficiency."}, {"pmid": 32419517, "title": "Emerging therapies for COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Expert Opin Investig Drugs", "authors": ["Battaglini, Denise", "Robba, Chiara", "Ball, Lorenzo", "Cruz, Fernanda Ferreira", "Silva, Pedro Leme", "Pelosi, Paolo", "Rocco, Patricia Rieken Macedo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419517", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357457, "title": "Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Health Literacy Research Around the World: More Important Than Ever in a Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Sentell, Tetine", "Vamos, Sandra", "Okan, Orkan"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357457", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As we write our editorial for a health literacy special issue in the midst of the international COVID-19 crisis, we take this opportunity to highlight the importance of individual, community, and population health literacy. We are not only in a \"pandemic\" but also an \"infodemic\". Health literacy is more important than ever in the face of these global health threats, which have impacted outcomes across the levels of the socio-ecological model (SEM), including individual health behaviors, family relationships, organizational behavior, state policy-making, national mortality statistics, and the international economy in the span of weeks. Our special issue sought to pull together interdisciplinary threads guided by two principles. The first was defining health literacy as essential skills and situational resources needed for people to find, understand, evaluate, communicate, and use information and services in a variety of forms across various settings throughout their life course to promote health and wellbeing. The second was the idea that enhancing health literacy in populations and systems is critical to achieving health equity. In this time of public health need across traditional borders, the inter-sectoral and international perspectives of special issue articles are more urgent than ever. A greater understanding, appreciation, and application of health literacy can support policy action on multiple levels to address major public health challenges. Health literacy should be built deliberately as a population-level resource and community asset. We have summarized the set of articles in this special issue across the levels of the SEM, hoping their thoughtful considerations and interesting findings will help to support global health and wellness and inspire future research, policy, and practice in this global public health emergency and beyond."}, {"pmid": 32439689, "title": "Covid-19: Important potential side effects of wearing face masks that we should bear in mind.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Lazzarino, Antonio Ivan", "Steptoe, Andrew", "Hamer, Mark", "Michie, Susan"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439689", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446986, "pmcid": "PMC7241335", "title": "Serratia marcescens outbreak in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic: A paradoxical risk?", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Amarsy, R", "Pean de Ponfilly, G R", "Benmansour, H A", "Jacquier, H", "Cambau, E E", "Megarbane, B"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446986", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410896, "pmcid": "PMC7219724", "title": "Public Health Aspects of COVID-19 Infection with Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases.", "journal": "Mater Sociomed", "authors": ["Masic, Izet", "Naser, Nabil", "Zildzic, Muharem"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410896", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is the disease caused by an infection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, first identified in the city of Wuhan, in China's Hubei province in December 2019. COVID-19 was previously known as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) respiratory disease before the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the official name as COVID-19 in February 2020. The aim of this study is to search scientific literature in the biomedicine and analyzed current results of investigations regarding morbidity and mortality rates as consequences of COVID-19 infection of Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and other most common chronic diseases which are on the top mortality and morbidity rates in almost all countries in the world. Also, to propose most useful measures how to prevent patients to keep themselves against COVID-19 infection. We used method of descriptive analysis of the published papers with described studies about Corona virus connected with CVD, and, also, Guidelines proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and some other international associations which are included in global fighting against COVID-19 infection. After searching current scientific literature we have acknowledged that not any Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) study in the world during last 5 months from the time when first cases of COVID-10 infection was detected. Also, there is no unique proposed ways of treatments and drugs to protect patients, especially people over 65 years old, who are very risk group to be affected with COVID-19. Expectations that vaccine against COVID-19 will be produced optimal during at least 10 months to 2 years, and in all current Guidelines most important proposed preventive measures are the same like which one described in Strategic documents of WHO, in statements of Declaration of Primary Health Care in Alma Ata in 1978. WHO proposed preventive measures can be helpful to everybody. Physicians who work at every level of Health Care Systems, but especially at primary health care level, must follow those recommendations and teach their patients about it. But, the fact is that current focus of COVID-19 epidemic has targeted on protection of physical health of population in global, however, the influence on mental health which will be one of the important consequences of COVID-19 pandemic in the future, and which could be declared as \u00abPost-coronavirus Stress Syndrome\" (PCSS) could be bigger challenge for Global Public Health."}, {"pmid": 32399593, "pmcid": "PMC7216129", "title": "Recommendations for medical care of oncological patients during the COVID-19 epidemic: experiences from China.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Zhao, Hong", "Du, Shunda", "Cai, Jianqiang", "Mao, Yilei"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399593", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428215, "title": "SARS-COV-2 pandemic: the significance of underlying conditions.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Dolk, Helen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428215", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441209, "title": "Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, Meaningful Communication between Family Caregivers and Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities is Imperative.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Hado, Edem", "Friss Feinberg, Lynn"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441209", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older adults residing in long-term care facilities are especially vulnerable for severe illness or death from COVID-19. To contain the transmission of the virus in long-term care facilities, federal health officials have issued strict visitation guidelines, restricting most visits between residents and all visitors, including family members. Yet, many older adults rely on family care for social support and to maintain their health, well-being, and safety in long-term care facilities, and therefore need to stay connected to their families. The federal government, state and local leaders, and long-term care facilities should take further actions to enable the relationship between residents of long-term care facilities and families during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32457356, "pmcid": "PMC7250492", "title": "Reply to \"COVID-19 in persons with haematological cancers\": a focus on myeloid neoplasms and risk factors for mortality.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Fattizzo, Bruno", "Giannotta, Juri Alessandro", "Sciume, Mariarita", "Cattaneo, Daniele", "Bucelli, Cristina", "Fracchiolla, Nicola Stefano", "Onida, Francesco", "Baldini, Luca", "Barcellini, Wilma", "Iurlo, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457356", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517882, "title": "Immunoinformatics-guided designing of epitope-based subunit vaccines against the SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Immunobiology", "authors": ["Sarkar, Bishajit", "Ullah, Md Asad", "Johora, Fatema Tuz", "Taniya, Masuma Afrin", "Araf, Yusha"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517882", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has become a global issue which has raised the concern of scientific community to design and discover a counter-measure against this deadly virus. So far, the pandemic has caused the death of hundreds of thousands of people upon infection and spreading. To date, no effective vaccine is available which can combat the infection caused by this virus. Therefore, this study was conducted to design possible epitope-based subunit vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus using the approaches of reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics. Upon continual computational experimentation, three possible vaccine constructs were designed and one vaccine construct was selected as the best vaccine based on molecular docking study which is supposed to effectively act against the SARS-CoV-2. Thereafter, the molecular dynamics simulation and in silico codon adaptation experiments were carried out in order to check biological stability and find effective mass production strategy of the selected vaccine. This study should contribute to uphold the present efforts of the researches to secure a definitive preventative measure against this lethal disease."}, {"pmid": 32308263, "pmcid": "PMC7147500", "title": "CoViD-19 Immunopathology and Immunotherapy.", "journal": "Bioinformation", "authors": ["Chiappelli, Francesco", "Khakshooy, Allen", "Greenberg, Gillian"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308263", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New evidence on the T-cell immuno-pathology in patient's with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (CoViD-19) was reported by Diao et al. in MedRxiv (doi: 10.1101/2020.02.18.20024364) [1]. It reports observations on 522 patients with confirmed CoViD-19 symptomatology, compared to 40 control subjects. In brief, notable T cytopoenia was recorded by flow cytometry in the CD4+ and the CD8+ populations, which were significantly yet inversely correlated with remarkably increased serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-a. Flow cytometry established a progressive increase in the expression of programmed cell death marker-1 (PD-1) and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) as patients (n=14) deteriorated from prodromal to symptomatic CoViD-19 requiring intensive care. Here, we interpret these observations of Diao et al from our current understanding of T cell immunophysiology and immunopathology following an immune challenge in the form of sustained viral infection, as is the case in CoViD-19, with emphasis on exhausted T cells (Tex). Recent clinical trials to rescue Tex show promising outcomes. The relevance of these interventions for the prevention and treatment of CoViD-19 is discussed. Taken together, the data of Diao et al could proffer the first glimpse of immunopathology and possible immunotherapy for patients with CoViD-19."}, {"pmid": 32425198, "pmcid": "PMC7229476", "title": "North American COVID-19 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NACMI) registry: Rationale, design, and implications.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Dehghani, Payam", "Davidson, Laura J", "Grines, Cindy L", "Nayak, Keshav", "Saw, Jackie", "Kaul, Prashant", "Bagai, Akshay", "Garberich, Ross", "Schmidt, Christian", "Ly Md Sm, Hung Q", "Giri, Jay", "Meraj, Perwaiz", "Shah, Binita", "Garcia, Santiago", "Sharkey, Scott", "Wood, David A", "Welt, Frederick G", "Mahmud, Ehtisham M", "Henry, Timothy D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425198", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has resulted in a global pandemic. Patients with cardiovascular risk factors or established cardiovascular disease are more likely to experience severe or critical COVID-19 illness and myocardial injury is a key extra-pulmonary manifestation. These patients frequently present with ST-elevation on an electrocardiogram (ECG) due to multiple etiologies including obstructive, non-obstructive, and/or angiographically normal coronary arteries. The incidence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) mimics in COVID-19 positive hospitalized patients, and the association with morbidity and mortality is unknown. Understanding the natural history and appropriate management of COVID-19 patients presenting with ST elevation is essential to inform patient management decisions and protect healthcare workers. The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) and The Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology (CAIC) in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Interventional Council have collaborated to create a multi-center observational registry, North American COVID-19 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NACMI). This registry will enroll confirmed COVID-19 patients and persons under investigation (PUI) with new ST-segment elevation or new onset left bundle branch block (LBBB) on the ECG with clinical suspicion of myocardial ischemia. We will compare demographics, clinical findings, outcomes and management of these patients with a historical control group of over 15,000 consecutive STEMI activation patients from the Midwest STEMI Consortium using propensity matching. The primary clinical outcome will be in- hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as composite of all-cause mortality, stroke, recurrent MI, and repeat unplanned revascularization in COVID-19 confirmed or PUI. Secondary outcomes will include the following: reporting of etiologies of ST Elevation; cardiovascular mortality due to myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest and /or shock; individual components of the primary outcome; composite primary outcome at one year; as well as ECG and angiographic characteristics. The multicenter NACMI registry will collect data regarding ST elevation on ECG in COVID-19 patients to determine the etiology and associated clinical outcomes. The collaboration and speed with which this registry has been created, refined, and promoted serves as a template for future research endeavors."}, {"pmid": 32513452, "title": "Abdominal pain in a patient with COVID-19 infection: A case of multiple thromboemboli.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Mahan, Keenan", "Kabrhel, Christopher", "Goldsmith, Andrew J"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513452", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has created diagnostic uncertainty with regards to distinguishing this infection from pulmonary embolism (PE). Although there appears to be an increased incidence of thromboembolic disease in patients with COVID-19 infection, recommendations regarding anticoagulation are lacking. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman with clinically significant venous and arterial thromboemboli in the setting of COVID-19 infection requiring tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)."}, {"pmid": 32482681, "title": "Covid-19 hot spots appear across Latin America.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482681", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253484, "pmcid": "PMC7133774", "title": "[Coronavirus disease 2019 : More safety through compact facts and recommendantions for action].", "journal": "Anaesthesist", "authors": ["Zoller, M", "Irlbeck, M", "Zwissler, B"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253484", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505071, "pmcid": "PMC7262504", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and prostatitis: Dangerous relationship for male sexual and reproductive health.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Cardona Maya, Walter D", "Carvajal, Alejandro"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505071", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470171, "title": "Clinical Questions and Answers on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy during the Novel COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Furuta, Takahisa", "Irisawa, Atsushi", "Matsumoto, Takayuki", "Kawai, Takashi", "Inaba, Tomoki", "Kanno, Atsushi", "Katanuma, Akio", "Kawahara, Yoshiro", "Matsuda, Koji", "Mizukami, Kazuhiro", "Otsuka, Takao", "Yasuda, Ichiro", "Fujishiro, Mitsuhiro", "Tanaka, Shinji", "Fujimoto, Kazuma", "Fukuda, Shinsaku", "Iishi, Hiroyasu", "Igarashi, Yoshinori", "Inui, Kazuo", "Ueki, Toshiharu", "Ogata, Haruhiko", "Kato, Mototsugu", "Shiotani, Akiko", "Higuchi, Kazuhide", "Fujita, Naotaka", "Murakami, Kazunari", "Yamamoto, Hironori", "Ito, Tohru", "Okazaki, Kazuichi", "Kitagawa, Yuko", "Mine, Tetsuya", "Tajiri, Hisao", "Inoue, Haruhiro"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470171", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some situations may require endoscopy during the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic. Here, we describe the necessary precautions in the form of clinical questions and answers (Q&A) regarding the safe deployment of gastrointestinal endoscopy in such situations while protecting endoscopy staff and patients from infection. Non-urgent endoscopy should be postponed. The risk of infection in patients should be evaluated in advance by questionnaire and body temperature. The health of staff must be checked every day. Decisions to employ endoscopy should be based on the institutional conditions and aims of endoscopy. All endoscopic staffs need to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). The endoscope and other devices should be cleaned and disinfected after procedures in accordance with relevant guidelines. Optimal management of the endoscopy unit is required. Endoscopy for infected patients or those with suspected infection demands exceptional caution. When a patient who undergoes endoscopy is later found to have COVID-19, the members of staff involved are considered exposed to the virus and must not work for at least 14 days if their PPE is considered insufficient. When PPE resources are limited, some equipment may be used continuously throughout a shift as long as it is not contaminated. Details of the aforementioned protective measures are described."}, {"pmid": 32497287, "title": "Anticardiolipin antibodies and COVID-19 - A Case Report from America.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Manrique, Julio Valencia", "Ghosh, Kuldeep", "Boma, Noella"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497287", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to unravel the pathological mechanism of COVID-19, several reports and studies have been recently conducted in the frontlines around the world. Some initial clues have been obtained, and among them, the concern for clot formation and the idea of an impaired coagulation has strongly increased. We report a case of pulmonary embolism in a COVID-19 patient who tested positive for anticardiolipin antibodies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32379863, "pmcid": "PMC7239240", "title": "Metagenomic analysis reveals clinical SARS-CoV-2 infection and bacterial or viral superinfection and colonization.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Peddu, Vikas", "Shean, Ryan C", "Xie, Hong", "Shrestha, Lasata", "Perchetti, Garrett A", "Minot, Samuel S", "Roychoudhury, Pavitra", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Nalla, Arun", "Reddy, Shriya B", "Phung, Quynh", "Reinhardt, Adam", "Jerome, Keith R", "Greninger, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379863", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "More than two months separated the initial description of SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of its widespread dissemination in the United States. Despite this lengthy interval, implementation of specific quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 tests in the US has been slow, and testing is still not widely available. Metagenomic sequencing offers the promise of unbiased detection of emerging pathogens, without requiring prior knowledge of the identity of the responsible agent or its genomic sequence. To evaluate metagenomic approaches in the context of the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, laboratory-confirmed positive and negative samples from Seattle, Washington were evaluated by metagenomic sequencing, with comparison to a 2019 reference genomic database created before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Within 36\u2009hours our results showed clear identification of a novel human Betacoronavirus, closely related to known Betacoronaviruses of bats, in laboratory-proven cases of SARS-CoV-2. A subset of samples also showed superinfection or colonization with human parainfluenza virus 3 or Moraxella species, highlighting the need to test directly for SARS-CoV-2 as opposed to ruling out an infection using a viral respiratory panel. Samples negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR were also negative by metagenomic analysis, and positive for Rhinovirus A and C. Unlike targeted SARS-CoV-2 qRT-PCR testing, metagenomic analysis of these SARS-CoV-2 negative samples identified candidate etiological agents for the patients' respiratory symptoms. Taken together, these results demonstrate the value of metagenomic analysis in the monitoring and response to this and future viral pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32246939, "pmcid": "PMC7225404", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: potential health risk, but also data source.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Lodder, Willemijn", "de Roda Husman, Ana Maria"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246939", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317114, "pmcid": "PMC7161527", "title": "An academic allergy unit during COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Malipiero, Giacomo", "Paoletti, Giovanni", "Puggioni, Francesca", "Racca, Francesca", "Ferri, Sebastian", "Marsala, Antonino", "Leoncini, Ornella", "Porli, Monica", "Pieri, Gabriella", "Canonica, Giorgio Walter", "Heffler, Enrico"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317114", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366773, "pmcid": "PMC7219850", "title": "COVID-19 and Trauma Care: Improvise, Adapt and Overcome!", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Dutton, Richard P", "Grissom, Thomas E", "Herbstreit, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366773", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283154, "pmcid": "PMC7151471", "title": "Effect of regular intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on prognosis of severe pneumonia in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Xie, Yun", "Cao, Song", "Dong, Hui", "Li, Qingyun", "Chen, Erzhen", "Zhang, Wenkai", "Yang, Luyu", "Fu, Shouzhi", "Wang, Ruilan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283154", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482569, "pmcid": "PMC7211631", "title": "Clinical Nutrition in times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr", "authors": ["Ballesteros Pomar, Maria D", "Breton Lesmes, Irene"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482569", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427152, "pmcid": "PMC7227534", "title": "COVID-19: Media coverage and financial markets behavior-A sectoral inquiry.", "journal": "J Behav Exp Finance", "authors": ["Haroon, Omair", "Rizvi, Syed Aun R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427152", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analyze the relationship between sentiment generated by coronavirus-related news with volatility of equity markets. The ongoing coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) resulted in unprecedented news coverage and outpouring of opinions in this age of swift propagation of information. Ensuing uncertainty in financial markets leads to heightened volatility in prices. We find that overwhelming panic generated by the news outlets are associated with increasing volatility in the equity markets. Our results for individual economic sectors demonstrate that panic-laden news contributed to a greater extent to volatility in the sectors perceived to be most affected by coronavirus outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32419130, "title": "Dilemmas in resuscitation of COVID-19 patients based on current evidence.", "journal": "Cardiol J", "authors": ["Szarpak, Lukasz", "Ruetzler, Kurt", "Dabrowski, Marek", "Nadolny, Klaudiusz", "Ladny, Jerzy R", "Smereka, Jacek", "Jaguszewski, Milosz", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419130", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289090, "pmcid": "PMC7128585", "title": "Investigating the cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China using dynamic statistical techniques.", "journal": "Heliyon", "authors": ["Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu", "Owusu, Phebe Asantewaa"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289090", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The initial investigation by local hospital attributed the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to pneumonia with unknown cause that appeared like the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as public health emergency after it spread outside China to several countries. Thus, an assessment of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with novel estimation approaches is essential to the global debate. This study is the first to develop both time series and panel data models to construct conceptual tools that examine the nexus between death from COVID-19 and confirmed cases. We collected daily data on four health indicators namely deaths, confirmed cases, suspected cases, and recovered cases across 31 Provinces/States in China. Due to the complexities of the COVID-19, we investigated the unobserved factors including environmental exposures accounting for the spread of the disease through human-to-human transmission. We used estimation methods capable of controlling for cross-sectional dependence, endogeneity, and unobserved heterogeneity. We predicted the impulse-response between confirmed cases of COVID-19 and COVID-19-attributable deaths. Our study revealed that the effect of confirmed cases on the novel coronavirus attributable deaths is heterogeneous across Provinces/States in China. We found a linear relationship between COVID-19 attributable deaths and confirmed cases whereas a nonlinear relationship was confirmed for the nexus between recovery cases and confirmed cases. The empirical evidence revealed that an increase in confirmed cases by 1% increases coronavirus attributable deaths by ~0.10%-~1.71% (95% CI). Our empirical results confirmed the presence of unobserved heterogeneity and common factors that facilitates the novel coronavirus attributable deaths caused by increased levels of confirmed cases. Yet, the role of such a medium that facilitates the transmission of COVID-19 remains unclear. We highlight safety precaution and preventive measures to circumvent the human-to-human transmission."}, {"pmid": 32522860, "title": "Selective trunk block (SeTB): a simple alternative to hybrid brachial plexus block techniques for proximal humeral fracture surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Sivakumar, Ranjith Kumar", "Areeruk, Pornpatra", "Karmakar, Manoj Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522860", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291557, "pmcid": "PMC7154568", "title": "SARS-CoV-2-encoded nucleocapsid protein acts as a viral suppressor of RNA interference in cells.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Mu, Jingfang", "Xu, Jiuyue", "Zhang, Leike", "Shu, Ting", "Wu, Di", "Huang, Muhan", "Ren, Yujie", "Li, Xufang", "Geng, Qing", "Xu, Yi", "Qiu, Yang", "Zhou, Xi"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291557", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391620, "pmcid": "PMC7272888", "title": "Statewide Stay-At-Home Directives on the Spread of COVID-19 in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Counties in the United States.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Lin, Ge", "Zhang, Tonglin", "Zhang, Ying", "Wang, Quanyi"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391620", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415494, "pmcid": "PMC7225250", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and therapy with ibuprofen or renin-angiotensin system blockers: no need for interruptions or changes in ongoing chronic treatments.", "journal": "Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol", "authors": ["Zolk, Oliver", "Hafner, Susanne", "Schmidt, Christoph Q"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415494", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Scientists hypothesized that drugs such as ibuprofen or renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers could exacerbate the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 by upregulating the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which serves as an entry receptor for the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This hypothesis was taken up by the lay press and led to concerns among doctors and patients whether the use of these drugs was still safe and justified against the background of the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 with an increasing number of cases and deaths. In this article, we summarize what is known about the effect of RAS blockers or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the course of COVID-19 disease. In the case of RAS inhibition, we also find evidence for the opposite hypothesis, namely, that RAS inhibition in COVID-19 could be protective. In view of the inconsistent and limited evidence and after weighing up the benefits and risks, we would not currently recommend discontinuing or switching an effective treatment with RAS blockers. NSAIDs should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible period. The choice of drug to treat COVID-19-associated fever or pain should be based on a benefit-risk assessment for known side effects (e.g., kidney damage, gastrointestinal ulceration)."}, {"pmid": 32354491, "pmcid": "PMC7166012", "title": "Abdominal Wall Surgery After SARS-CoV-2: Time to Reestablish Postponed Non-essential Procedures?", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Lopez Cano, Manuel", "Saludes Serra, Judit", "Rossello-Jimenez, Daniel", "Pereira, Jose Antonio", "Rodrigues Goncalves, Victor", "Garcia Alamino, Josep M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354491", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pandemic by the COVID-19 has found us unprotected to provide an adequate and rapid sanitary response. The hospital network of our public health system has provided most of the resources for the treatment of patients affected by the infection. Non-essential (non-priority) surgeries have been postponed. The optimal and proportionate reestablishment of these non-priority surgeries can be a problem. This article offers a technical and non-technical view of reestablishment non-priority surgeries from the perspective of abdominal wall surgery."}, {"pmid": 32356516, "title": "Potential influences of obstructive sleep apnea and obesity on COVID-19 severity.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["McSharry, David", "Malhotra, Atul"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356516", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125418, "pmcid": "PMC7107240", "title": "Coronavirus disease-2019: An update on third coronavirus outbreak of 21st century.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Sahu, K K", "Mishra, A K", "Lal, A"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125418", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32027812, "title": "2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, Australia: Epidemiology Report 1 (Reporting week 26 January - 1 February 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32027812", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is the first epidemiological report of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) acute respiratory disease infections reported in Australia at 19:00 Australian Eastern Daylight Time [AEDT] 1 February 2020. It includes data on Australian cases notified during the week 26 January to 1 February 2020 and in the previous week (19 to 25 January 2020), the international situation and current information on the severity, transmission and spread of the 2019-nCoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32493648, "pmcid": "PMC7245258", "title": "How and why use the EasyBreath(R) Decathlon surface snorkeling mask as a personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Thierry, B", "Celerier, C", "Simon, F", "Lacroix, C", "Khonsari, R-H"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493648", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 outbreak, personal protective equipment is widely used to limit infection of caregivers. Innovative solutions have been described to overcome supply shortage. The adaptation of the EasyBreath\u00ae surface snorkeling mask by the Prakash team has benefited from outstanding media coverage. We present four 3D-printed devices that we have modified from the initial innovative design in order to adapt to local constraints. We tested the mask during surgery. The modifications that we made provide better ergonomics, visibility and communication capacities, but that have no official approval for use and can therefore only be recommended in the absence of a validated alternative solution. 3D printing is a tool of prime importance in the production of devices for medical use in health crisis situations."}, {"pmid": 32433358, "title": "Disruptive Effect of COVID-19 on Orthopaedic Daily Practice: A Cross-Sectional Survey.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Ranuccio, Francesco", "Tarducci, Lorenzo", "Familiari, Filippo", "Mastroianni, Valerio", "Giuzio, Ermenegildo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433358", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393105, "title": "Airway Management for Endoscopic Laryngotracheal Stenosis Surgery During COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Prince, Andrew D P", "Cloyd, Benjamin H", "Hogikyan, Norman D", "Schechtman, Samuel A", "Kupfer, Robbi A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393105", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents unique challenges for surgical management of laryngotracheal stenosis. High viral concentrations in the upper aerodigestive tract, the ability of the virus to be transmitted by asymptomatic carriers and through aerosols, and the need for open airway access during laryngotracheal surgery create a high-risk situation for airway surgeons, anesthesiologists, and operating room personnel. While some surgical cases of laryngotracheal stenosis may be deferred, patients with significant airway obstruction or progressing symptoms often require urgent surgical intervention. We present best practices from our institutional experience for surgical management of laryngotracheal stenosis during this pandemic, including preoperative triage, intraoperative airway management, and personal protective measures."}, {"pmid": 32502806, "pmcid": "PMC7239023", "title": "Health anxiety, cyberchondria, and coping in the current COVID-19 pandemic: Which factors are related to coronavirus anxiety?", "journal": "J Anxiety Disord", "authors": ["Jungmann, Stefanie M", "Witthoft, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502806", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to cognitive-behavioral models, traits, triggering events, cognitions, and adverse behaviors play a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of health anxiety. During virus outbreaks, anxiety is widespread. However, the role of trait health anxiety, cyberchondria, and coping in the context of virus anxiety during the current COVID-19 pandemic has not yet been studied. An online survey was conducted in the German general population (N = 1615, 79.8 % female, Mage = 33.36 years, SD = 13.18) in mid-March 2020, which included questionnaires on anxiety associated with SARS-CoV-2, trait health anxiety, cyberchondriaPandemic (i.e. excessive online information search), and emotion regulation. The participants reported a significantly increasing virus anxiety in recent months (previous months recorded retrospectively), especially among individuals with heightened trait health anxiety. CyberchondriaPandemic showed positive correlations with current virus anxiety (r = .09-.48), and this relationship was additionally moderated by trait health anxiety. A negative correlation was found between the perception of being informed about the pandemic and the current virus anxiety (r=-.18), with adaptive emotion regulation being a significant moderator for this relationship. The findings suggest that trait health anxiety and cyberchondria serve as risk factors, whereas information about the pandemic and adaptive emotion regulation might represent buffering factors for anxiety during a virus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32022370, "pmcid": "PMC7162020", "title": "Learning from the Past: Possible Urgent Prevention and Treatment Options for Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Chembiochem", "authors": ["Morse, Jared S", "Lalonde, Tyler", "Xu, Shiqing", "Liu, Wenshe Ray"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32022370", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the current trajectory of the 2019-nCoV outbreak unknown, public health and medicinal measures will both be needed to contain spreading of the virus and to optimize patient outcomes. Although little is known about the virus, an examination of the genome sequence shows strong homology with its better-studied cousin, SARS-CoV. The spike protein used for host cell infection shows key nonsynonymous mutations that might hamper the efficacy of previously developed therapeutics but remains a viable target for the development of biologics and macrocyclic peptides. Other key drug targets, including RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and coronavirus main proteinase (3CLpro), share a strikingly high (>95\u2009%) homology to SARS-CoV. Herein, we suggest four potential drug candidates (an ACE2-based peptide, remdesivir, 3CLpro-1 and a novel vinylsulfone protease inhibitor) that could be used to treat patients suffering with the 2019-nCoV. We also summarize previous efforts into drugging these targets and hope to help in the development of broad-spectrum anti-coronaviral agents for future epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32354774, "title": "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment during covid-19: friend or foe? Response to: 'Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)' by Giollo et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354774", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321601, "pmcid": "PMC7200836", "title": "COVID-19 in the endoscopy ward: A potential risk for gastroenterologists.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Hormati, Ahmad", "Niya, Mohammad Hadi Karbalaie", "Ghadir, Mohammadreza", "Lankarani, Kamran Bagheri", "Ajdarkosh, Hossein", "Tameshkel, Fahimeh Safarnezhad", "Zamani, Farhad"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321601", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456489, "title": "Complications and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy: where and what is the evidence?", "journal": "Hypertens Pregnancy", "authors": ["Teles Abrao Trad, Ayssa", "Ibirogba, Eniola R", "Elrefaei, Amro", "Narang, Kavita", "Tonni, Gabriele", "Picone, Olivier", "Suy, Anna", "Carreras Moratonas, Elena", "Kilby, Mark D", "Ruano, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456489", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To add to the growing evidence on SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, so as to better inform clinical decision making and optimize patient outcomes. A systematic search of relevant databases was perfomed on 25 March 2020 and a repeat search, on 10 April 2020. Reports of pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection at any time during their pregnancy were reviewed and summarized . We summarized the outcomes of a total of 155 pregnant women and 118 neonates. The evidence suggests a similar rate of severe COVID-19 cases in pregnant women and the general population. The frequency of cesarean deliveries is high, against guidelines recommendations. Limited data on COVID-19 during preganacy, associated with a wide variation in the methodology make accurate data interpretation difficult."}, {"pmid": 32247022, "pmcid": "PMC7118654", "title": "Pancreatic injury patterns in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Wang, Fan", "Wang, Haizhou", "Fan, Junli", "Zhang, Yongxi", "Wang, Hongling", "Zhao, Qiu"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247022", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501141, "title": "The Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Minority Groups: A Social Justice Concern.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Lee, HeeSoon", "Miller, Vivian J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501141", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446813, "pmcid": "PMC7159848", "title": "Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine.", "journal": "J Integr Med", "authors": ["Wang, Shi-Xin", "Wang, Yan", "Lu, Yu-Bao", "Li, Jie-Yun", "Song, Yu-Jun", "Nyamgerelt, Munkhtuya", "Wang, Xue-Xi"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446813", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) in December 2019, it has rapidly spread to 187 countries, causing serious harm to the health of people and a huge social burden. However, currently, drugs specifically approved for clinical use are not available, except for vaccines against COVID-19 that are being evaluated. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is capable of performing syndrome differentiation and treatment according to the clinical manifestations of patients, and has a better ability of epidemic prevention and control. The authors comprehensively analyzed the etiology and pathogenesis of COVID-19 based on the theory of TCM, and discussed its syndrome differentiation, treatment and prevention measures so as to provide strategies and reference for the prevention and treatment with TCM."}, {"pmid": 32341791, "pmcid": "PMC7174058", "title": "Thoughts on COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases.", "journal": "Lupus Sci Med", "authors": ["Askanase, Anca D", "Khalili, Leila", "Buyon, Jill P"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341791", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the 2 months since coronavirus first appeared in China, cases have emerged on every continent, and it is clear that patients with autoimmune diseases might also be affected. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious viral illness with a mortality rate approaching 2%. Here we discuss the challenges that patients with autoimmune diseases might face and the information on using immunomodulatory therapies like chloroquine, tocilizumab and baricitinib to quench the cytokine storm in patients with very severe COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32404860, "title": "Orthopedic Surgery Training During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Dusting Off My Stethoscope.", "journal": "Spine (Phila Pa 1976)", "authors": ["Saleh, Hesham"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404860", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405077, "pmcid": "PMC7217797", "title": "Biological Psychiatry Podcast Series: Support Resources for the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Biol Psychiatry", "authors": ["Gur, Tamar L", "Krystal, John H"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405077", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317153, "pmcid": "PMC7136878", "title": "Drugs supply and pharmaceutical care management practices at a designated hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Ying, Wang", "Qian, Yu", "Kun, Zhu"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317153", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus that was first detected at the end of December 2019. The epidemic has affected various regions of China in different degrees. As the situations evolve, the COVID-19 had been confirmed in many countries, and made a assessment that it can be characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Drugs are the main treatment of COVID-19 patients. Pharmaceutical service offers drug safety ensurance for COVID-19 patients. According to COVID-19 prevention and control policy and requirements, combined with series of diagnosis and treatment plans, pharmacists in the first provincial-level COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment unit in Jilin Province in Northeast China have established the management practices of drug supply and pharmaceutical care from four aspects: personnel, drugs supply management, off-label drug use management and pharmaceutical care. During the outbreak, the pharmaceutical department of THJU completed its assigned workload to ensure drug supply. So far, no nosocomial infections and medication errors have occurred, which has stabilized the mood of the staff and boosted the pharmacists' confidence in fighting the epidemic. For the treatment of COVID-19, pharmacists conducted adverse reaction monitoring and participated in the multidisciplinary consultation of COVID-19. Up to now, the COVID-19 patients admitted to THJU have not shown any new serious adverse reactions and been cured finally. The hospital pharmacy department timely adjusted the work mode, and the formed management practices is a powerful guarantee for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic. This paper summarized the details and practices of drug supply and pharmaceutical services management to provide experience for the people who involving in COVID-19 prevention and contain in other abroad epidemic areas."}, {"pmid": 32386927, "pmcid": "PMC7164864", "title": "[Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Latin America: Role of primary care in preparedness and response].", "journal": "Aten Primaria", "authors": ["Sanchez-Duque, Jorge A", "Arce-Villalobos, Laura R", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386927", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512381, "title": "Changes in U.S. air pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Berman, Jesse D", "Ebisu, Keita"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512381", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic has likely affected air quality due to extreme changes in human behavior. We assessed air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the continental United States from January 8th-April 21st in 2017-2020. We considered pollution during the COVID-19 period (March 13-April 21st) and the pre-COVID-19 period (January 8th-March 12th) with 2020 representing 'current' data and 2017-2019 representing 'historical' data. County-level pollution concentrations were compared between historical versus current periods, and counties were stratified by institution of early or late non-essential business closures. Statistically significant NO2 declines were observed during the current COVID-19 period compared to historical data: a 25.5% reduction with absolute decrease of 4.8\u00a0ppb. PM2.5 also showed decreases during the COVID-19 period, and the reduction is statistically significant in urban counties and counties from states instituting early non-essential business closures. Understanding how air pollution is affected during COVID-19 pandemic will provide important clues regarding health effects and control of emissions. Further investigation is warranted to link this finding with health implications."}, {"pmid": 32346155, "title": "As lockdowns lift, new hazards lurk in the water.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Viglione, Giuliana"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346155", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507518, "title": "Does active smoking worsen Covid-19?", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Carmona-Bayonas, Alberto", "Jimenez-Fonseca, Paula", "Sanchez Arraez, Alvaro", "Alvarez Mancenido, Felipe", "Castanon, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507518", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Probably it does."}, {"pmid": 32243268, "title": "COVID-19 Update.", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Slaughter, Mark S"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243268", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471637, "pmcid": "PMC7195274", "title": "Managing the COVID-19 pandemic: international comparisons in dialysis patients.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Kliger, Alan S", "Cozzolino, Mario", "Jha, Vivekanand", "Harbert, Glenda", "Ikizler, T Alp"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471637", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448749, "pmcid": "PMC7235602", "title": "Nowhere to hide: The significant impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) measures on elite and semi-elite South African athletes.", "journal": "J Sci Med Sport", "authors": ["Pillay, Lervasen", "Janse van Rensburg, Dina C Christa", "Jansen van Rensburg, Audrey", "Ramagole, Dimakatso A", "Holtzhausen, Louis", "Dijkstra, H Paul", "Cronje, Tanita"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448749", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the perceptions of South African elite and semi-elite athletes on return to sport (RTS); maintenance of physical conditioning and other activities; sleep; nutrition; mental health; healthcare access; and knowledge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Cross- sectional study. A Google Forms survey was distributed to athletes from 15 sports in the final phase (last week of April 2020) of the level 5 lockdown period. Descriptive statistics were used to describe player demographic data. Chi-squared tests investigated significance (p<0.05) between observed and expected values and explored sex differences. Post hoc tests with a Bonferroni adjustment were included where applicable. 67% of the 692 respondents were males. The majority (56%) expected RTS after 1-6 months. Most athletes trained alone (61%; p<0.0001), daily (61%; p<0.0001) at moderate intensity (58%; p<0.0001) and for 30-60min (72%). During leisure time athletes preferred sedentary above active behaviour (p<0.0001). Sleep patterns changed significantly (79%; p<0.0001). A significant number of athletes consumed excessive amounts of carbohydrates (76%; p<0.0001; males 73%; females 80%). Many athletes felt depressed (52%), and required motivation to keep active (55%). Most had access to healthcare during lockdown (80%) and knew proceedings when suspecting COVID-19 (92%). COVID-19 had physical, nutritional and psychological consequences that may impact on the safe RTS and general health of athletes. Lost opportunities and uncertain financial and sporting futures may have significant effects on athletes and the sports industry. Government and sporting federations must support athletes and develop and implement guidelines to reduce the risk in a COVID-19 environment."}, {"pmid": 32140732, "pmcid": "PMC7080076", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: a potential novel etiology of fulminant myocarditis.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Chen, Chen", "Zhou, Yiwu", "Wang, Dao Wen"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32140732", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461490, "title": "Sustaining academics during COVID-19 pandemic: The role of online teaching-learning.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Kaup, Soujanya", "Jain, Rashmi", "Shivalli, Siddharudha", "Pandey, Suresh", "Kaup, Soumya"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382219, "pmcid": "PMC7201913", "title": "Guiding Principles for Cancer Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Deo, S V S", "Kumar, Sunil", "Kumar, Naveen", "Saikia, Jyoutishman", "Bhoriwal, Sandeep", "Bhatnagar, Sushma", "Sharma, Atul"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382219", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359911, "pmcid": "PMC7151254", "title": "Plastic Bags as Personal Protective Equipment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea.", "journal": "J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Lee, Eric", "Loh, Will", "Ang, Ivy", "Tan, Yanni"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234091, "pmcid": "PMC7163187", "title": "When infection prevention enters the temple: Intergenerational social distancing and COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Hartley, David M", "Reisinger, Heather Schacht", "Perencevich, Eli N"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234091", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404880, "pmcid": "PMC7220614", "title": "Atypical presentation of Covid-19 in persons with spinal cord injury.", "journal": "Spinal Cord Ser Cases", "authors": ["Dicks, Madeline A", "Clements, Nathan D", "Gibbons, C R", "Verduzco-Gutierrez, Monica", "Trbovich, Michelle"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404880", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425261, "pmcid": "PMC7227496", "title": "Antiphospholipid antibodies are not elevated in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and venous thromboembolism.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Galeano-Valle, F", "Oblitas, C M", "Ferreiro-Mazon, M M", "Alonso-Munoz, J", "Del Toro-Cervera, J", "di Natale, M", "Demelo-Rodriguez, P"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425261", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281109, "pmcid": "PMC7262331", "title": "Letter: Covid-19, and vitamin D.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Panarese, Alba", "Shahini, Endrit"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281109", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432217, "pmcid": "PMC7226308", "title": "COVID-19 Special Column: Principles Behind the Technology for Detecting SARS-CoV-2, the Cause of COVID-19.", "journal": "Hawaii J Health Soc Welf", "authors": ["Ching, Lauren", "Chang, Sandra P", "Nerurkar, Vivek R"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432217", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nationwide shortages of tests that detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and diagnose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have led the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to significantly relax regulations regarding COVID-19 diagnostic testing. To date the FDA has given emergency use authorization (EUA) to 48 COVID-19 in vitro diagnostic tests and 21 high complexity molecular-based laboratory developed tests, as well as implemented policies that give broad authority to clinical laboratories and commercial manufacturers in the development, distribution, and use of COVID-19 diagnostic tests. Currently, there are 2 types of diagnostic tests available for the detection of SARS-CoV-2: (1) molecular and (2) serological tests. Molecular detection of nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) sequences relating to the suspected pathogen is indicative of an active infection with the suspected pathogen. Serological tests detect antibodies against the suspected pathogen, which are produced by an individual's immune system. A positive serological test result indicates recent exposure to the suspected pathogen but cannot be used to determine if the individual is actively infected with the pathogen or immune to reinfection. In this article, the SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests currently approved by the FDA under EUA are reviewed, and other diagnostic tests that researchers are developing to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32224313, "pmcid": "PMC7270047", "title": "The many estimates of the COVID-19 case fatality rate.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rajgor, Dimple D", "Lee, Meng Har", "Archuleta, Sophia", "Bagdasarian, Natasha", "Quek, Swee Chye"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224313", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199474, "pmcid": "PMC7138074", "title": "COVID-19: protecting health-care workers.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199474", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406522, "pmcid": "PMC7261996", "title": "COVID-19: focus on the lungs but do not forget the gastrointestinal tract.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Smyk, Wiktor", "Janik, Maciej K", "Portincasa, Piero", "Milkiewicz, Piotr", "Lammert, Frank", "Krawczyk, Marcin"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406522", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 was declared in the last weeks as the global pandemics. Currently affecting more than 3,000,000 individuals worldwide, COVID-19 is most commonly associated with symptoms caused by the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As the number of infected individuals increases, we are learning that not only lungs, but also other organs can be affected by the virus. The gastrointestinal symptoms, like for example diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea, or abdominal pain are frequent in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, alimentary tract symptoms may precede the respiratory presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This can lead to delayed diagnosis and inappropriate management of infected patients. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid can be detected in faeces of infected patients and rectal swabs are even reported to remain positive for a longer period of time than nasopharyngeal swabs. Here, we aim to provide an update on the gastrointestinal involvement of COVID-19 presenting the symptoms that can be encountered in infected patients. We address the role of ACE2, as a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2, which also was found in the gastrointestinal tract. Finally, we briefly discuss faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 and its potential role in the pathogenesis of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32304994, "pmcid": "PMC7152924", "title": "The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Int Immunopharmacol", "authors": ["Yang, Ai-Ping", "Liu, Jian-Ping", "Tao, Wen-Qiang", "Li, Hui-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304994", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To accumulate evidence that indicated the key role played by virus-triggered inflammation in the 2019-novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which emerged in Wuhan City and rapidly spread throughout China. Age, neutrophil(NEU)-to-lymphocyte (LYM) ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte (MON) ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) of 93 patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were investigated and compared. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to determine the thresholds for five bio-markers, and their prognostic values were assessed via the Kaplan-Meier curve and multivariate COX regression models. The median age was 46.4\u00a0years old, and 37cases were females. A total of 27.8% of patients had been to Wuhan, and 73.1% had contacted with people from Wuhan. Fever (83.8%) and cough (70.9%) were the two most common symptoms. Elevated NLR and age were significantly associated with illness severity. The binary logistic analysis identified elevated NLR (hazard risk [HR] 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.98-4.57) and age (HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.65-4.83) as independent factors for poor clinical outcome of COVID-19. NLR exhibited the largest area under the curve at 0.841, with the highest specificity (63.6%) and sensitivity (88%). Elevated age and NLR can be considered independent biomarkers for indicating poor clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32522120, "title": "Refugee camps and COVID-19: Can we prevent a humanitarian crisis?", "journal": "Scand J Public Health", "authors": ["Vonen, Hanne Dahl", "Olsen, Merete Lan", "Eriksen, Sara Soraya", "Jervelund, Signe Smith", "Eikemo, Terje Andreas"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522120", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32195700, "pmcid": "PMC7155903", "title": "Establishing and Managing a Temporary Coronavirus Disease 2019 Specialty Hospital in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Zhu, Weihong", "Wang, Yang", "Xiao, Kui", "Zhang, Huilin", "Tian, Yi", "Clifford, Sean P", "Xu, Junmei", "Huang, Jiapeng"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195700", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363540, "pmcid": "PMC7196179", "title": "Bowel Necrosis in the Setting of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Gastrointest Surg", "authors": ["Gartland, Rajshri M", "Velmahos, George C"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363540", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336563, "pmcid": "PMC7270645", "title": "Clinical Consensus Recommendations Regarding Non-Invasive Respiratory Support in the Adult Patient with Acute Respiratory Failure Secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Cinesi Gomez, Cesar", "Penuelas Rodriguez, Oscar", "Lujan Torne, Manel", "Egea Santaolalla, Carlos", "Masa Jimenez, Juan Fernando", "Garcia Fernandez, Javier", "Carratala Perales, Jose Manuel", "Heili-Frades, Sarah Beatrice", "Ferrer Monreal, Miquel", "de Andres Nilsson, Jose M", "Lista Arias, Eva", "Sanchez Rocamora, Juan Luis", "Garrote, Jose Ignacio", "Zamorano Serrano, Miguel J", "Gonzalez Martinez, Monica", "Farrero Munoz, Eva", "Mediano San Andres, Olga", "Rialp Cervera, Gemma", "Mas Serra, Arantxa", "Hernandez Martinez, Gonzalo", "de Haro Lopez, Candelaria", "Roca Gas, Oriol", "Ferrer Roca, Ricard", "Romero Berrocal, Antonio", "Ferrando Ortola, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336563", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by a newly emergent coronavirus, that was first recognized in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined the infection as a global pandemic and there is a health and social emergency for the management of this new infection. While most people with COVID-19 develop only mild or uncomplicated illness, approximately 14% develop severe disease that requires hospitalization and oxygen support, and 5% require admission to an intensive care unit. In severe cases, COVID-19 can be complicated by the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis and septic shock, and multiorgan failure. This consensus document has been prepared on evidence-informed guidelines developed by a multidisciplinary panel of health care providers from four Spanish scientific societies (Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine [SEMICYUC], Spanish Society of Pulmonologists [SEPAR], Spanish Society of Emergency [SEMES], Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Reanimation, and Pain [SEDAR]) with experience in the clinical management of patients with COVID-19 and other viral infections, including SARS, as well as sepsis and ARDS. The document provides clinical recommendations for the noninvasive respiratory support (noninvasive ventilation, high flow oxygen therapy with nasal cannula) in any patient with suspected or confirmed presentation of COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure. This consensus guidance should serve as a foundation for optimized supportive care to ensure the best possible chance for survival and to allow for reliable comparison of investigational therapeutic interventions as part of randomized controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32327229, "pmcid": "PMC7138387", "title": "CT characteristics of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus: association with clinical type.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Wang, J", "Xu, Z", "Wang, J", "Feng, R", "An, Y", "Ao, W", "Gao, Y", "Wang, X", "Xie, Z"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327229", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To summarise the features of chest computed tomography (CT) of a series of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) to speed up recognition and have a better understanding of COVID-19 disease. The clinical information and chest CT images of 93 patients infected with 2019-nCov from multiple centres were reviewed. Of the 93 cases, abnormalities in 91 cases were located at the subpleural level, presenting with ground-glass opacity (GGO; n=69, 74.2%) and consolidation (n=56, 60.2%) in multiple lobes. Other CT features included vascular dilatation (n=83, 89.2%), interlobular septal thickening (n=29, 31.2%), bronchodilatation (n=44, 47.3%), the crazy-paving sign (n=34, 36.6%), the sieve-hole sign (n=12, 12.9%), pleural thickening (n=21, 22.6%), and pleural effusion (n=8, 8.6%). Multiple lobe involvement, including the presence of consolidation, the crazy-paving sign, interlobular septal thickening, pleural thickening and pleural effusion, was more common in critical patients with heavy/critical infection (p<0.05), whereas the presence of GGO, involvement of one or two lobes, and the halo sign were more common in patients with mild/common-type infections (p<0.05). Moreover, older age, higher body temperature, complaints of chest tightness and breathlessness, and lymphopenia was associated with heavy/critical infections. The CT and clinical appearances of COVID-19 are variable and reflect the severity of COVID-19 to some extent."}, {"pmid": 32373999, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: a clinical review.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Yang, C-L", "Qiu, X", "Zeng, Y-K", "Jiang, M", "Fan, H-R", "Zhang, Z-M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373999", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan, China, and it subsequently spread in many countries around the world. Many efforts have been applied to control and prevent the spread of COVID-19, and many scientific studies have been conducted in a short period of time. Here we present an overview of the viral structure, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and clinical features of COVID-19 based on the current state of knowledge, and we compare its clinical characteristics with SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Current researches on potentially effective treatment alternatives are discussed. We hope this review can help medical workers and researchers around the world contain the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32427916, "title": "Tackle coronavirus in vulnerable communities.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427916", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350048, "title": "Comparison of Commercially Available and Laboratory Developed Assays for in vitro Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Laboratories.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Lieberman, Joshua A", "Pepper, Gregory", "Naccache, Samia N", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Jerome, Keith R", "Greninger, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350048", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Multiple laboratory developed tests and commercially available assays have emerged to meet diagnostic needs related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. To date, there is limited comparison data for these different testing platforms. We compared the analytical performance of a laboratory developed test (LDT) developed in our clinical laboratory based on CDC primer sets and four commercially available, FDA emergency use authorized assays for SARS-CoV-2 (Cepheid, DiaSorin, Hologic Panther, and Roche Cobas) on a total of 169 nasopharyngeal swabs. The LDT and Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assays were the most sensitive assays for SARS-CoV-2 with 100% agreement across specimens. The Hologic Panther Fusion, DiaSorin Simplexa, and Roche Cobas 6800 only failed to detect positive specimens near the limit of detection of our CDC-based LDT assay. All assays were 100% specific, using our CDC-based LDT as the gold standard. Our results provide initial test performance characteristics for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and highlight the importance of having multiple viral detection testing platforms available in a public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32255648, "pmcid": "PMC7194014", "title": "A Community Letter Regarding Sharing Biomolecular Simulation Data for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Chem Inf Model", "authors": ["Amaro, Rommie E", "Mulholland, Adrian J"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255648", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369649, "title": "Moral outrage in COVID19-Understandable but not a strategy.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Davidson, Patricia M", "Padula, William V", "Daly, John", "Jackson, Debra"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369649", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391658, "title": "[Management of COVID-19: the Zhejiang experience].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Xu, Kaijin", "Cai, Hongliu", "Shen, Yihong", "Ni, Qin", "Chen, Yu", "Hu, Shaohua", "Li, Jianping", "Wang, Huafen", "Yu, Liang", "Huang, He", "Qiu, Yunqing", "Wei, Guoqing", "Fang, Qiang", "Zhou, Jianying", "Sheng, Jifang", "Liang, Tingbo", "Li, Lanjuan"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391658", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current epidemic situation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) still remained severe. As the National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine is the primary medical care center for COVID-19 in Zhejiang province. Based on the present expert consensus carried out by National Health Commission and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, our team summarized and established an effective treatment strategy centered on \"Four-Anti and Two-Balance\" for clinical practice. The \"Four-Anti and Two-Balance\" strategy included antivirus, anti-shock, anti-hyoxemia, anti-secondary infection, and maintaining of water, electrolyte and acid base balance and microecological balance. Meanwhile, integrated multidisciplinary personalized treatment was recommended to improve therapeutic effect. The importance of early viralogical detection, dynamic monitoring of inflammatory indexes and chest radiograph was emphasized in clinical decision-making. Sputum was observed with the highest positive rate of RT-PCR results. Viral nucleic acids could be detected in 10%patients' blood samples at acute period and 50%of patients had positive RT-PCR results in their feces. We also isolated alive viral strains from feces, indicating potential infectiousness of feces.Dynamic cytokine detection was necessary to timely identifying cytokine storms and application of artificial liver blood purification system. The \"Four-Anti and Two-Balance\" strategy effectively increased cure rate and reduced mortality. Early antiviral treatment could alleviate disease severity and prevent illness progression, and we found lopinavir/ritonavir combined with abidol showed antiviral effects in COVID-19. Shock and hypoxemia were usually caused by cytokine storms. The artificial liver blood purification system could rapidly remove inflammatory mediators and block cytokine storm.Moreover, it also favored the balance of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base and thus improved treatment efficacy in critical illness. For cases of severe illness, early and also short period of moderate glucocorticoid was supported. Patients with oxygenation index below 200 mmHg should be transferred to intensive medical center. Conservative oxygen therapy was preferred and noninvasive ventilation was not recommended. Patients with mechanical ventilation should be strictly supervised with cluster ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention strategies. Antimicrobial prophylaxis was not recommended except for patients with long course of disease, repeated fever and elevated procalcitonin (PCT), meanwhile secondary fungal infection should be concerned.Some patients with COVID-19 showed intestinal microbial dysbiosis with decreased probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, so nutritional and gastrointestinal function should be assessed for all patients.Nutritional support and application of prebiotics or probiotics were suggested to regulate the balance of intestinal microbiota and reduce the risk of secondary infection due to bacterial translocation. Anxiety and fear were common in patients with COVID-19. Therefore,we established dynamic assessment and warning for psychological crisis. We also integrated Chinese medicine in treatment to promote disease rehabilitation through classification methods of traditional Chinese medicine. We optimized nursing process for severe patients to promote their rehabilitation. It remained unclear about viral clearance pattern after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Therefore, two weeks' quarantine for discharged patients was required and a regular following up was also needed.The Zhejiang experience and suggestions have been implemented in our center and achieved good results. However, since COVID-19 was a newly emerging disease, more work was warranted to improve strategies of prevention, diagnosis and treatment for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32524194, "title": "[Evaluation of patient satisfaction with an ophthalmology video consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Ophthalmologe", "authors": ["Gerbutavicius, R", "Brandlhuber, U", "Gluck, S", "Kortum, G-F", "Kortum, I", "Navarrete Orozco, R", "Rakitin, M", "Strodtbeck, M", "Wolf, A", "Kortum, K U"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We introduced a\u00a0video consultation (VC) during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in an ophthalmology practice with eight doctors to ensure continuous ophthalmological care, infection prophylaxis and to compensate a\u00a0decreased number of patient presentations. Evaluation of the most common reasons for patient presentations in the VC, the proportion of re-presentations in the practice despite VC, practical challenges associated with the introduction of VC and patient satisfaction. Patients with a\u00a0recent acute visual deterioration and severe eye pain were excluded from the VC. The VC were carried out by a\u00a0trained specialist in ophthalmology. A\u00a0questionnaire with eight questions was completed after the VC appointment in order to evaluate the proportion of completed VC and patient satisfaction. We included 29 (13\u00a0male, \u00d8\u00a052.6 years, 16\u00a0female, \u00d8\u00a064.7 years) patients in this analysis. The VC could be performed with 68.97% of the participants who rated their overall experience with an average grade of\u00a01.6 (1\u00a0very good to 6\u00a0insufficient) and all of them indicated that they would recommend the VC. Of presentations in VC 70% were related to the symptoms of the anterior eye segment. In 70% of the cases no re-presentations took place in the unit. Our study represents a\u00a0significant practical application of VC for the management of non-urgent ocular conditions with maximum infection prophylaxis. The introduction of VC was severely limited by technological or user-related issues by the establishment of video connections. Patient satisfaction with VC was high to very high."}, {"pmid": 32530707, "title": "Reply to: Cigarette Smoking and COVID-19: A Complex Interaction.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Cai, Guoshuai", "Bosse, Yohan", "Xiao, Feifei", "Kheradmand, Farrah", "Amos, Christopher I"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530707", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298686, "pmcid": "PMC7153527", "title": "Teleurology in the Time of Covid-19 Pandemic: Here to Stay?", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Luciani, Lorenzo Giuseppe", "Mattevi, Daniele", "Cai, Tommaso", "Giusti, Guido", "Proietti, Silvia", "Malossini, Gianni"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298686", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the implementation and outcomes of telemedicine in a Department of Urology in Northern Italy during the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. All the outpatient clinical activities during the 4 weeks following the national lockdown (March 9-April 3, 2020) in the Department of Urology of the Trento Province, Italy, were reviewed and categorized. Expert staff members examined the electronic records, selecting whether the clinic appointments should be canceled or confirmed (via telephone consultation or face-to-face visit). The rate, indication, and modality of visits were investigated. Overall, 415 of 928 (45%) scheduled patients canceled their clinic appointment themselves or were canceled by staff members without rescheduling. The remaining 523 (55%) cases were screened undergoing telephone consultation in 295 (56%) and face-to-face visit in 228 (44%). The rate of face-to-face visit decreased from 63% to 9% during week 1 and 4, respectively. Seventy-four percent of face-to-face visits regarded suspected recurrent or new onset malignancy or potentially dangerous clinical conditions (severe urinary symptoms or complicated urinary stones or infection). The median age of patients in the face-to-face and telephone groups was 59 (range 20-69) and 65 years old (range 37-88), respectively. A pandemic is a dynamic scenario, requiring reorganization and flexibility of the healthcare delivery. Forty-five percent visits were canceled without rescheduling. Although a minimum portion of face-to-face visit (<10% 1 month after the lockdown) was preserved mostly for suspected malignancy or potentially life-threatening conditions, telemedicine proved a pragmatic approach allowing efficient screening of cases and adequate protection for patients and clinicians."}, {"pmid": 31986261, "pmcid": "PMC7159286", "title": "A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Yuan, Shuofeng", "Kok, Kin-Hang", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chu, Hin", "Yang, Jin", "Xing, Fanfan", "Liu, Jieling", "Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Poon, Rosana Wing-Shan", "Tsoi, Hoi-Wah", "Lo, Simon Kam-Fai", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Poon, Vincent Kwok-Man", "Chan, Wan-Mui", "Ip, Jonathan Daniel", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Chen, Honglin", "Hui, Christopher Kim-Ming", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-01-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31986261", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus was reported in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China. Affected patients were geographically linked with a local wet market as a potential source. No data on person-to-person or nosocomial transmission have been published to date. In this study, we report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and microbiological findings of five patients in a family cluster who presented with unexplained pneumonia after returning to Shenzhen, Guangdong province, China, after a visit to Wuhan, and an additional family member who did not travel to Wuhan. Phylogenetic analysis of genetic sequences from these patients were done. From Jan 10, 2020, we enrolled a family of six patients who travelled to Wuhan from Shenzhen between Dec 29, 2019 and Jan 4, 2020. Of six family members who travelled to Wuhan, five were identified as infected with the novel coronavirus. Additionally, one family member, who did not travel to Wuhan, became infected with the virus after several days of contact with four of the family members. None of the family members had contacts with Wuhan markets or animals, although two had visited a Wuhan hospital. Five family members (aged 36-66 years) presented with fever, upper or lower respiratory tract symptoms, or diarrhoea, or a combination of these 3-6 days after exposure. They presented to our hospital (The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen) 6-10 days after symptom onset. They and one asymptomatic child (aged 10 years) had radiological ground-glass lung opacities. Older patients (aged >60 years) had more systemic symptoms, extensive radiological ground-glass lung changes, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase levels. The nasopharyngeal or throat swabs of these six patients were negative for known respiratory microbes by point-of-care multiplex RT-PCR, but five patients (four adults and the child) were RT-PCR positive for genes encoding the internal RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and surface Spike protein of this novel coronavirus, which were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of these five patients' RT-PCR amplicons and two full genomes by next-generation sequencing showed that this is a novel coronavirus, which is closest to the bat severe acute respiatory syndrome (SARS)-related coronaviruses found in Chinese horseshoe bats. Our findings are consistent with person-to-person transmission of this novel coronavirus in hospital and family settings, and the reports of infected travellers in other geographical regions. The Shaw Foundation Hong Kong, Michael Seak-Kan Tong, Respiratory Viral Research Foundation Limited, Hui Ming, Hui Hoy and Chow Sin Lan Charity Fund Limited, Marina Man-Wai Lee, the Hong Kong Hainan Commercial Association South China Microbiology Research Fund, Sanming Project of Medicine (Shenzhen), and High Level-Hospital Program (Guangdong Health Commission)."}, {"pmid": 32492295, "title": "Universal Masking in the Covid-19 Era.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Klompas, Michael", "Morris, Charles A", "Shenoy, Erica S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373785, "pmcid": "PMC7194831", "title": "Data sharing in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["Cosgriff, Christopher V", "Ebner, Daniel K", "Celi, Leo Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373785", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405842, "pmcid": "PMC7220538", "title": "[COVID-19 in older adults - a complex challenge].", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Gosch, Markus", "Singler, Katrin", "Kwetkat, Anja", "Heppner, Hans-Jurgen"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405842", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380337, "pmcid": "PMC7198421", "title": "Neurosurgical Practice During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic: A Worldwide Survey.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Fontanella, Marco M", "De Maria, Lucio", "Zanin, Luca", "Saraceno, Giorgio", "Terzi di Bergamo, Lodovico", "Servadei, Franco", "Chaurasia, Bipin", "Olivi, Alessandro", "Vajkoczy, Peter", "Schaller, Karl", "Cappabianca, Paolo", "Doglietto, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380337", "countries": ["India", "Italy", "Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has consistently changed medical practice throughout specialties, regardless of their contribution in facing the disease itself. We surveyed neurosurgeons worldwide to investigate the situation they are experiencing. A 17-question, web-based survey was administered to neurosurgeons worldwide through the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies and the Neurosurgery Cocktail from March 28 to April 5, 2020, by web link or e-mail invitation. Questions were divided into 3 subgroups: general information, health system organization, and institutional plans for the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Collected data were initially elaborated using SurveyMonkey software. Country-specific data were extracted from the World Health Organization website. Statistical analysis was performed using R, version 3.6.3. Of the 446 respondents, most were from Italy (20%), India (19%), and Pakistan (5%). Surgical activity was significantly reduced in most centers (79%) and dedicated in-hospital routes were created for patients with SARS-CoV-2 (58%). Patient screening was performed only when there were symptoms (57%) and not routinely before surgery (18%). The preferred methods included a nasopharyngeal swab and chest radiograph. Health professionals were rarely screened (20%) and sometimes, even if SARS-CoV-2 positive, were asked to work if asymptomatic (26%). Surgical planning was changed in most institutions (92%), whereas indications were modified for nonurgent procedures (59%) and remained unchanged for subarachnoid hemorrhages (85%). Most neurosurgeons worldwide reported work reorganization and practices that respond to current international guidelines. Differences in practice might be related to the perception of the pandemic and significant differences in the health systems. Sharing data and experiences will be of paramount importance to address the present moment and challenges in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32414393, "pmcid": "PMC7228670", "title": "Angiotensin II infusion in COVID-19-associated vasodilatory shock: a case series.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Zangrillo, Alberto", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Beretta, Luigi", "Morselli, Federica", "Serpa Neto, Ary", "Bellomo, Rinaldo"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414393", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285920, "pmcid": "PMC7184360", "title": "Transient complete heart block in a patient with critical COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Azarkish, Mona", "Laleh Far, Vahideh", "Eslami, Masoud", "Mollazadeh, Reza"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285920", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347435, "pmcid": "PMC7186322", "title": "SARS-CoV-2-Induced Vomiting as Onset Symptom in a Patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Dig Dis Sci", "authors": ["Fu, Bao", "Qian, Kun", "Fu, Xiaoyun"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347435", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229131, "pmcid": "PMC7195289", "title": "Considerations in performing endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Soetikno, Roy", "Teoh, Anthony Y B", "Kaltenbach, Tonya", "Lau, James Y W", "Asokkumar, Ravishankar", "Cabral-Prodigalidad, Patricia", "Shergill, Amandeep"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229131", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240283, "pmcid": "PMC7138407", "title": "An Epidemic in the Midst of a Pandemic: Opioid Use Disorder and COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Alexander, G Caleb", "Stoller, Kenneth B", "Haffajee, Rebecca L", "Saloner, Brendan"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240283", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377057, "pmcid": "PMC7199684", "title": "Emerging technologies to combat COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Exp Hepatol", "authors": ["Vaishya, Raju", "Haleem, Abid", "Vaish, Abhishek", "Javaid, Mohd"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377057", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304108, "pmcid": "PMC7264519", "title": "Crystal structure of Nsp15 endoribonuclease NendoU from SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Protein Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Youngchang", "Jedrzejczak, Robert", "Maltseva, Natalia I", "Wilamowski, Mateusz", "Endres, Michael", "Godzik, Adam", "Michalska, Karolina", "Joachimiak, Andrzej"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304108", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly spreading around the world. There is no existing vaccine or proven drug to prevent infections and stop virus proliferation. Although this virus is similar to human and animal SARS-CoVs and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoVs), the detailed information about SARS-CoV-2 proteins structures and functions is urgently needed to rapidly develop effective vaccines, antibodies, and antivirals. We applied high-throughput protein production and structure determination pipeline at the Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases to produce SARS-CoV-2 proteins and structures. Here we report two high-resolution crystal structures of endoribonuclease Nsp15/NendoU. We compare these structures with previously reported homologs from SARS and MERS coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32486488, "title": "Nicotinamide Riboside-The Current State of Research and Therapeutic Uses.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Mehmel, Mario", "Jovanovic, Nina", "Spitz, Urs"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486488", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nicotinamide riboside (NR) has recently become one of the most studied nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursors, due to its numerous potential health benefits mediated via elevated NAD+ content in the body. NAD+ is an essential coenzyme that plays important roles in various metabolic pathways and increasing its overall content has been confirmed as a valuable strategy for treating a wide variety of pathophysiological conditions. Accumulating evidence on NRs' health benefits has validated its efficiency across numerous animal and human studies for the treatment of a number of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders. As the prevalence and morbidity of these conditions increases in modern society, the great necessity has arisen for a rapid translation of NR to therapeutic use and further establishment of its availability as a nutritional supplement. Here, we summarize currently available data on NR effects on metabolism, and several neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, through to its application as a treatment for specific pathophysiological conditions. In addition, we have reviewed newly published research on the application of NR as a potential therapy against infections with several pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, to support rapid NR translation to therapeutics, the challenges related to its bioavailability and safety are addressed, together with the advantages of NR to other NAD+ precursors."}, {"pmid": 32526059, "title": "Mental health and psychosocial function of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Qi", "Hu, Zhenyu", "Bian, Guolin", "Yu, Haihang", "Li, Xingxing", "Lu, Yin", "Yu, Chang", "Li, Xianglan", "Yao, Qin", "Zhou, Wenhua", "Yuan, Ti-Fei", "Zhou, Dongsheng"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526059", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171059, "pmcid": "PMC7158569", "title": "Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kucharski, Adam J", "Russell, Timothy W", "Diamond, Charlie", "Liu, Yang", "Edmunds, John", "Funk, Sebastian", "Eggo, Rosalind M"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171059", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to 95\u2008333 confirmed cases as of March 5, 2020. Understanding the early transmission dynamics of the infection and evaluating the effectiveness of control measures is crucial for assessing the potential for sustained transmission to occur in new areas. Combining a mathematical model of severe SARS-CoV-2 transmission with four datasets from within and outside Wuhan, we estimated how transmission in Wuhan varied between December, 2019, and February, 2020. We used these estimates to assess the potential for sustained human-to-human transmission to occur in locations outside Wuhan if cases were introduced. We combined a stochastic transmission model with data on cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan and international cases that originated in Wuhan to estimate how transmission had varied over time during January, 2020, and February, 2020. Based on these estimates, we then calculated the probability that newly introduced cases might generate outbreaks in other areas. To estimate the early dynamics of transmission in Wuhan, we fitted a stochastic transmission dynamic model to multiple publicly available datasets on cases in Wuhan and internationally exported cases from Wuhan. The four datasets we fitted to were: daily number of new internationally exported cases (or lack thereof), by date of onset, as of Jan 26, 2020; daily number of new cases in Wuhan with no market exposure, by date of onset, between Dec 1, 2019, and Jan 1, 2020; daily number of new cases in China, by date of onset, between Dec 29, 2019, and Jan 23, 2020; and proportion of infected passengers on evacuation flights between Jan 29, 2020, and Feb 4, 2020. We used an additional two datasets for comparison with model outputs: daily number of new exported cases from Wuhan (or lack thereof) in countries with high connectivity to Wuhan (ie, top 20 most at-risk countries), by date of confirmation, as of Feb 10, 2020; and data on new confirmed cases reported in Wuhan between Jan 16, 2020, and Feb 11, 2020. We estimated that the median daily reproduction number (Rt) in Wuhan declined from 2\u00b735 (95% CI 1\u00b715-4\u00b777) 1 week before travel restrictions were introduced on Jan 23, 2020, to 1\u00b705 (0\u00b741-2\u00b739) 1 week after. Based on our estimates of Rt, assuming SARS-like variation, we calculated that in locations with similar transmission potential to Wuhan in early January, once there are at least four independently introduced cases, there is a more than 50% chance the infection will establish within that population. Our results show that COVID-19 transmission probably declined in Wuhan during late January, 2020, coinciding with the introduction of travel control measures. As more cases arrive in international locations with similar transmission potential to Wuhan before these control measures, it is likely many chains of transmission will fail to establish initially, but might lead to new outbreaks eventually. Wellcome Trust, Health Data Research UK, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and National Institute for Health Research."}, {"pmid": 32526218, "title": "Evaluation of the EDI enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in human plasma.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Bundschuh, Christian", "Egger, Margot", "Wiesinger, Kurt", "Gabriel, Christian", "Clodi, Martin", "Mueller, Thomas", "Dieplinger, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526218", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Besides SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, serological testing is emerging as additional option in COVID-19 diagnostics. Aim of this study was to evaluate novel immunoassays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human plasma. Using EDITM Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs), we measured SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in 64 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients with serial blood samples (n\u00a0=\u00a0104) collected at different time points from symptom onset. Blood samples from 200 healthy blood donors and 256 intensive care unit (ICU) patients collected before the COVID-19 outbreak were also used. The positivity rates in the COVID-19 patients were 5.9% for IgM and 2.9% for IgG\u00a0\u2264\u00a05\u00a0days after symptom onset; Between day 5 and day 10 the positivity rates were 37.1% for IgM and 37.1% for IgG and rose to 76.4% for IgM and 82.4% for IgG after\u00a0>\u00a010-15\u00a0days. After 15-22\u00a0days the \"true\" positivity rates were 94.4% for IgM and 100% for IgG. The \"false\" positivity rates were 0.5% for IgM and 1.0% for IgG in the healthy blood donors, 1.6% for IgM and 1.2% for IgG in ICU patients. This study shows high \"true\" vs. low \"false\" positivity rates for the EDITM SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG ELISAs."}, {"pmid": 32528156, "title": "Ten recommendations for supporting open pathogen genomic analysis in public health.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Black, Allison", "MacCannell, Duncan R", "Sibley, Thomas R", "Bedford, Trevor"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528156", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasingly, public-health agencies are using pathogen genomic sequence data to support surveillance and epidemiological investigations. As access to whole-genome sequencing has grown, greater amounts of molecular data have helped improve the ability to detect and track outbreaks of diseases such as COVID-19, investigate transmission chains and explore large-scale population dynamics, such as the spread of antibiotic resistance. However, the wide adoption of whole-genome sequencing also poses new challenges for public-health agencies that must adapt to support a new set of expertise, which means that the capacity to perform genomic data assembly and analysis has not expanded as widely as the adoption of sequencing itself. In this Perspective, we make recommendations for developing an accessible, unified informatic ecosystem to support pathogen genomic analysis in public-health agencies across income settings. We hope that the creation of this ecosystem will allow agencies to effectively and efficiently share data, workflows and analyses and thereby increase the reproducibility, accessibility and auditability of pathogen genomic analysis while also supporting agency autonomy."}, {"pmid": 32227547, "pmcid": "PMC7228384", "title": "Health psychology and the coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic: A call for research.", "journal": "Br J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Arden, Madelynne A", "Chilcot, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227547", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389543, "pmcid": "PMC7200327", "title": "COVID-19 and molecular mimicry: The Columbus' egg?", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Cappello, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389543", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345864, "pmcid": "PMC7224593", "title": "Treatment of Proximal Femoral Fragility Fractures in Patients with COVID-19 During the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Northern Italy.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Catellani, Francesco", "Coscione, Andrea", "D'Ambrosi, Riccardo", "Usai, Luca", "Roscitano, Claudio", "Fiorentino, Gennaro"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345864", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From February 20 to April 2020, the coronavirus SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)-CoV-2 spread in northern Italy, drastically challenging the care capacities of the national health care system. Unprepared for this emergency, hospitals have quickly reformulated paths of assistance in an effort to guarantee treatment for infected patients. Orthopaedic departments have been focused on elderly traumatology, especially the treatment of femoral neck fractures in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the orthopaedic management strategy for femoral fragility fractures in COVID-19-positive patients with the hypothesis that operative treatment may contribute to the overall stability of the patient. Sixteen patients affected by proximal femoral fracture and a recent history of fever, shortness of breath, and desaturation were admitted to the emergency room. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) and oropharyngeal swabs confirmed that they were positive for COVID-19, requiring hospitalization and prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin. Three patients died before surgery because of severe respiratory insufficiency and multiple-organ-failure syndrome. Ten patients underwent surgery on the day after admission, whereas 3 patients had suspended their use of direct thrombin inhibitors and needed surgery to be delayed until the third day after admission. In all patients except 1, we noted an improvement in terms of O2 saturation and assisted respiration. In 9 patients, hemodynamic and respiratory stability was observed at an average of 7 days postoperatively. Four patients who underwent surgical treatment died of respiratory failure on the first day after surgery (1 patient), the third day after surgery (2 patients), or the seventh day after surgery (1 patient). We noted a stabilization of respiratory parameters in 12 COVID-19-positive patients who underwent surgery treatment of proximal femoral fractures. We believe that in elderly patients with COVID-19 who have proximal femoral fractures, surgery may contribute to the overall stability of the patient, seated mobilization, improvement in physiological ventilation, and general patient comfort in bed. Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32376612, "title": "Shared Ventilation in the Era of COVID-19: A Theoretical Consideration of the Dangers and Potential Solutions.", "journal": "Respir Care", "authors": ["Herrmann, Jacob", "Fonseca da Cruz, Andrea", "Hawley, Monica L", "Branson, Richard D", "Kaczka, David W"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The use of shared ventilation, or the simultaneous support of multiple patients connected in parallel to a single mechanical ventilator, is receiving considerable interest for addressing the severe shortage of mechanical ventilators available during the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). In this paper we highlight the potentially disastrous consequences of na\u00efve shared ventilation, in which patients are simply connected in parallel to a ventilator without any regard to their individual ventilatory requirements. We then examine possible approaches for individualization of mechanical ventilation, using modifications to the breathing circuit that may enable tuning of individual tidal volumes and driving pressures during either volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) or pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). Breathing circuit modifications included a PEEP valve on each expiratory limb for both VCV and PCV, an adjustable constriction and one-way valve on the inspiratory limb for VCV, and a pressure-relief valve for peak inspiratory pressure reduction on the inspiratory limb for PCV. The ability to regulate individual tidal volumes using these breathing circuit modifications was tested both theoretically in computer simulations as well as experimentally in mechanical test lungs. In both the simulations and experimental measurements, na\u00efve shared ventilation resulted in large imbalances across individual tidal volume delivery, dependent on imbalances across patient mechanical properties. The proposed breathing circuit modifications for shared VCV and shared PCV enabled optimization of tidal volume distributions. Individual tidal volume for one patient during shared VCV was sensitive to changes in the mechanical properties of other patients. By contrast, shared PCV enabled independent control of individual patient-received ventilation. Of the shared ventilation strategies considered, shared PCV, with the inclusion of in-line pressure-relief valves in the individual inspiratory and expiratory limbs, offers the greatest degree of safety and lowest risk of catastrophic mechanical interactions between multiple patients connected to a single ventilator."}, {"pmid": 32407671, "pmcid": "PMC7213967", "title": "COVID-19 testing and patients in mental health facilities.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Benson, Nicole M", "Ongur, Dost", "Hsu, John"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407671", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439289, "pmcid": "PMC7252038", "title": "Active smoking and COVID-19: a double-edged sword.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439289", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337154, "pmcid": "PMC7174824", "title": "Editorial JTH 16 -The Coronavirus Disease COVID-19 and implications for transport and health.", "journal": "J Transp Health", "authors": ["Musselwhite, Charles", "Avineri, Erel", "Susilo, Yusak"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337154", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211771, "pmcid": "PMC7184345", "title": "Could chloroquine /hydroxychloroquine be harmful in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Guastalegname, Maurizio", "Vallone, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211771", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513308, "title": "Evaluating the efficacy and safety of human anti-SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma in severely ill adults with COVID-19: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Eckhardt, Christina M", "Cummings, Matthew J", "Rajagopalan, Kartik N", "Borden, Sarah", "Bitan, Zachary C", "Wolf, Allison", "Kantor, Alex", "Briese, Thomas", "Meyer, Benjamin J", "Jacobson, Samuel D", "Scotto, Dawn", "Mishra, Nischay", "Philip, Neena M", "Stotler, Brie A", "Schwartz, Joseph", "Shaz, Beth", "Spitalnik, Steven L", "Eisenberg, Andrew", "Hod, Eldad A", "Justman, Jessica", "Cheung, Ken", "Lipkin, W Ian", "O'Donnell, Max R"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513308", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of human anti-SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma in hospitalized adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is a prospective, single-center, phase 2, randomized, controlled trial that is blinded to participants and clinical outcome assessor. Eligible participants include adults (\u2265 18 years) with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR test of nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab within 14 days of randomization, evidence of infiltrates on chest radiography, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) \u2264 94% on room air, and/or need for supplemental oxygen, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, or invasive mechanical ventilation, who are willing and able to provide written informed consent prior to performing study procedures or who have a legally authorized representative available to do so. Exclusion criteria include participation in another clinical trial of anti-viral agent(s)* for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), receipt of any anti-viral agent(s)* with possible activity against SARS-CoV-2 <24 hours prior to plasma infusion, mechanical ventilation (including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO]) for \u2265 5 days, severe multi-organ failure, history of allergic reactions to transfused blood products per NHSN/CDC criteria, known IgA deficiency, and pregnancy. Included participants will be hospitalized at the time of randomization and plasma infusion. *Use of remdesivir as treatment for COVID-19 is permitted. The study will be undertaken at Columbia University Irving Medical Center in New York, USA. The investigational treatment is anti-SARS-CoV-2 human convalescent plasma. To procure the investigational treatment, volunteers who recovered from COVID-19 will undergo testing to confirm the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody to the spike trimer at a 1:400 dilution. Donors will also be screened for transfusion-transmitted infections (e.g. HIV, HBV, HCV, WNV, HTLV-I/II, T. cruzi, ZIKV). If donors have experienced COVID-19 symptoms within 28 days, they will be screened with a nasopharyngeal swab to confirm they are SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative. Plasma will be collected using standard apheresis technology by the New York Blood Center. Study participants will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive one unit (200 - 250 mL) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 plasma versus one unit (200 - 250 mL) of the earliest available control plasma. The control plasma cannot be tested for presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody prior to the transfusion, but will be tested for anti- SARS-CoV-2 antibody after the transfusion to allow for a retrospective per-protocol analysis. The primary endpoint is time to clinical improvement. This is defined as time from randomization to either discharge from the hospital or improvement by one point on the following seven-point ordinal scale, whichever occurs first. 1. Not hospitalized with resumption of normal activities 2. Not hospitalized, but unable to resume normal activities 3. Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen 4. Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen 5. Hospitalized, requiring high-flow oxygen therapy or non-invasive mechanical ventilation 6. Hospitalized, requiring ECMO, invasive mechanical ventilation, or both 7. Death This scale, designed to assess clinical status over time, was based on that recommended by the World Health Organization for use in determining efficacy end-points in clinical trials in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. A recent clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of lopinavir- ritonavir for patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 used a similar ordinal scale, as have recent clinical trials of novel therapeutics for severe influenza, including a post-hoc analysis of a trial evaluating immune plasma. The primary safety endpoints are cumulative incidence of grade 3 and 4 adverse events and cumulative incidence of serious adverse events during the study period. Study participants will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive anti-SARS-CoV-2 plasma versus control plasma using a web-based randomization platform. Treatment assignments will be generated using randomly permuted blocks of different sizes to minimize imbalance while also minimizing predictability. The study participants and the clinicians who will evaluate post-treatment outcomes will be blinded to group assignment. The blood bank and the clinical research team will not be blinded to group assignment. We plan to enroll 129 participants, with 86 in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 arm, and 43 in the control arm. Among the participants, we expect ~70% or n = 72 will achieve clinical improvement. This will yield an 80% power for a one-sided Wald test at 0.15 level of significance under the proportional hazards model with a hazard ratio of 1.5. Protocol AAAS9924, Version 17APR2020, 4/17/2020 Start of recruitment: April 20, 2020 Recruitment is ongoing. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04359810 Date of trial registration: April 24, 2020 Retrospectively registered FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest of expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32239184, "title": "Governmental Public Health Powers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Stay-at-home Orders, Business Closures, and Travel Restrictions.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Gostin, Lawrence O", "Wiley, Lindsay F"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239184", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343423, "pmcid": "PMC7267552", "title": "A novel plan to deal with SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Stricker, Raphael B", "Fesler, Melissa C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343423", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238444, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: major risks to healthcare and other workers on the front line.", "journal": "Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Sim, Malcolm R"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238444", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293717, "pmcid": "PMC7158881", "title": "Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff.", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "authors": ["Verbeek, Jos H", "Rajamaki, Blair", "Ijaz, Sharea", "Sauni, Riitta", "Toomey, Elaine", "Blackwood, Bronagh", "Tikka, Christina", "Ruotsalainen, Jani H", "Kilinc Balci, F Selcen"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293717", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In epidemics of highly infectious diseases, such as Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), or coronavirus (COVID-19), healthcare workers (HCW) are at much greater risk of infection than the general population, due to their contact with patients' contaminated body fluids. Personal protective equipment (PPE) can reduce the risk by covering exposed body parts. It is unclear which type of PPE protects best, what is the best way to put PPE on (i.e. donning) or to remove PPE (i.e. doffing), and how to train HCWs to use PPE as instructed. To evaluate which type of full-body PPE and which method of donning or doffing PPE have the least risk of contamination or infection for HCW, and which training methods increase compliance with PPE protocols. We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL to 20 March 2020. We included all controlled studies that evaluated the effect of full-body PPE used by HCW exposed to highly infectious diseases, on the risk of infection, contamination, or noncompliance with protocols. We also included studies that compared the effect of various ways of donning or doffing PPE, and the effects of training on the same outcomes. Two review authors independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias in included trials. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses were appropriate. Earlier versions of this review were published in 2016 and 2019. In this update, we included 24 studies with 2278 participants, of which 14 were randomised controlled trials (RCT), one was a quasi-RCT and nine had a non-randomised design. Eight studies compared types of PPE. Six studies evaluated adapted PPE. Eight studies compared donning and doffing processes and three studies evaluated types of training. Eighteen studies used simulated exposure with fluorescent markers or harmless microbes. In simulation studies, median contamination rates were 25% for the intervention and 67% for the control groups. Evidence for all outcomes is of very low certainty unless otherwise stated because it is based on one or two studies, the indirectness of the evidence in simulation studies and because of risk of bias. Types of PPE The use of a powered, air-purifying respirator with coverall may protect against the risk of contamination better than a N95 mask and gown (risk ratio (RR) 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17 to 0.43) but was more difficult to don (non-compliance: RR 7.5, 95% CI 1.81 to 31.1). In one RCT (59 participants), people with a long gown had less contamination than those with a coverall, and coveralls were more difficult to doff (low-certainty evidence). Gowns may protect better against contamination than aprons (small patches: mean difference (MD) -10.28, 95% CI -14.77 to -5.79). PPE made of more breathable material may lead to a similar number of spots on the trunk (MD 1.60, 95% CI -0.15 to 3.35) compared to more water-repellent material but may have greater user satisfaction (MD -0.46, 95% CI -0.84 to -0.08, scale of 1 to 5). Modified PPE versus standard PPE The following modifications to PPE design may lead to less contamination compared to standard PPE: sealed gown and glove combination (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.78), a better fitting gown around the neck, wrists and hands (RR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.55), a better cover of the gown-wrist interface (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.78, low-certainty evidence), added tabs to grab to facilitate doffing of masks (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.80) or gloves (RR 0.22, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.31). Donning and doffing Using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for doffing may lead to less contamination compared to no guidance (small patches: MD -5.44, 95% CI -7.43 to -3.45). One-step removal of gloves and gown may lead to less bacterial contamination (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.77) but not to less fluorescent contamination (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.28) than separate removal. Double-gloving may lead to less viral or bacterial contamination compared to single gloving (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.66) but not to less fluorescent contamination (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.28). Additional spoken instruction may lead to fewer errors in doffing (MD -0.9, 95% CI -1.4 to -0.4) and to fewer contamination spots (MD -5, 95% CI -8.08 to -1.92). Extra sanitation of gloves before doffing with quaternary ammonium or bleach may decrease contamination, but not alcohol-based hand rub. Training The use of additional computer simulation may lead to fewer errors in doffing (MD -1.2, 95% CI -1.6 to -0.7). A video lecture on donning PPE may lead to better skills scores (MD 30.70, 95% CI 20.14 to 41.26) than a traditional lecture. Face-to-face instruction may reduce noncompliance with doffing guidance more (odds ratio 0.45, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.98) than providing folders or videos only. We found low- to very low-certainty evidence that covering more parts of the body leads to better protection but usually comes at the cost of more difficult donning or doffing and less user comfort, and may therefore even lead to more contamination. More breathable types of PPE may lead to similar contamination but may have greater user satisfaction. Modifications to PPE design, such as tabs to grab, may decrease the risk of contamination. For donning and doffing procedures, following CDC doffing guidance, a one-step glove and gown removal, double-gloving, spoken instructions during doffing, and using glove disinfection may reduce contamination and increase compliance. Face-to-face training in PPE use may reduce errors more than folder-based training. We still need RCTs of training with long-term follow-up. We need simulation studies with more participants to find out which combinations of PPE and which doffing procedure protects best. Consensus on simulation of exposure and assessment of outcome is urgently needed. We also need more real-life evidence. Therefore, the use of PPE of HCW exposed to highly infectious diseases should be registered and the HCW should be prospectively followed for their risk of infection."}, {"pmid": 32395848, "pmcid": "PMC7272903", "title": "Elective surgery cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic: global predictive modelling to inform surgical recovery plans.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Nepogodiev, Dmitri", "Bhangu, Aneel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395848", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12\u2009weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19. A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12\u2009weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian \u03b2-regression model was used to estimate 12-week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case-mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (surgery for cancer versus benign disease), were determined. This case mix was applied to country-level surgical volumes. The 12-week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate the total number of cancelled operations. The best estimate was that 28\u2009404\u2009603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12\u2009weeks of disruption due to COVID-19 (2\u2009367\u2009050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90\u00b72 per cent, 25\u2009638\u2009922 of 28\u2009404\u2009603). The overall 12-week cancellation rate would be 72\u00b73 per cent. Globally, 81\u00b77 per cent of operations for benign conditions (25\u2009638\u2009922 of 31\u2009378\u2009062), 37\u00b77 per cent of cancer operations (2\u2009324\u2009070 of 6\u2009162\u2009311) and 25\u00b74 per cent of elective caesarean sections (441\u2009611 of 1\u2009735\u2009483) would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increased their normal surgical volume by 20 per cent after the pandemic, it would take a median of 45\u2009weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID-19 disruption. A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed owing to disruption caused by COVID-19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to restore surgical activity safely."}, {"pmid": 32513242, "title": "Blocking mineralocorticoid receptor with spironolactone may have a wide range of therapeutic actions in severe COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Liaudet, Lucas", "Szabo, Csaba"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513242", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515651, "title": "Clinical characteristics of foreign-imported COVID-19 cases in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Xu-Hui", "Lu, Shui-Hua", "Chen, Jun", "Xia, Lu", "Yang, Zong-Guo", "Charles, Stratton", "Yang, Yang", "Lin, Yun", "Lu, Hong-Zhou"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515651", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32096564, "pmcid": "PMC7233289", "title": "Combination of RT-qPCR testing and clinical features for diagnosis of COVID-19 facilitates management of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Yishan", "Kang, Hanyujie", "Liu, Xuefeng", "Tong, Zhaohui"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096564", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527576, "title": "The modified NUTRIC score can be used for nutritional risk assessment as well as prognosis prediction in critically ill COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Zhang, Ping", "He, Zhigang", "Yu, Gang", "Peng, Dan", "Feng, Yikuan", "Ling, Jianmin", "Wang, Ye", "Li, Shusheng", "Bian, Yi"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527576", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the newly emerged Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disaster, little is known about the nutritional risks for critically ill patients. It is also unknown whether the modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically ill (mNUTRIC) score is applicable for nutritional risk assessment in intensive care unit (ICU) COVID-19 patients. We set out to investigate the applicability of the mNUTRIC score for assessing nutritional risks and predicting outcomes for these critically ill COVID-19 patients. This retrospective observational study was conducted in three ICUs which had been specially established and equipped for COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. The study population was critically ill COVID-19 patients who had been admitted to these ICUs between January 28 and February 21, 2020. Exclusion criteria were as follows: 1) patients of \uff1c18 years; 2) patients who were pregnant; 3) length of ICU stay of \uff1c24\u00a0h; 4) insufficient medical information available. Patients' characteristics and clinical information were obtained from electronic medical and nursing records. The nutritional risk for each patient was assessed at their ICU admission using the mNUTRIC score. A score of \u22655 indicated high nutritional risk. Mortality was calculated according to patients' outcomes following 28 days of hospitalization in ICU. A total of 136 critically ill COVID-19 patients with a median age of 69 years (IQR: 57-77), 86 (63%) males and 50 (37%) females, were included in the study. Based on the mNUTRIC score at ICU admission, a high nutritional risk (\u22655 points) was observed in 61% of the critically ill COVID-19 patients, while a low nutritional risk (<5 points) was observed in 39%. The mortality of ICU 28-day was significantly higher in the high nutritional risk group than in the low nutritional risk group (87% vs 49%, P \uff1c0.001). Patients in the high nutritional risk group exhibited significantly higher incidences of acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute myocardial injury, secondary infection, shock and use of vasopressors. Additionally, use of a multivariate Cox analysis showed that patients with high nutritional risk had a higher probability of death at ICU 28-day than those with low nutritional risk (adjusted HR\u00a0=\u00a02.01, 95% CI: 1.22-3.32, P\u00a0=\u00a00.006). A large proportion of critically ill COVID-19 patients had a high nutritional risk, as revealed by their mNUTRIC score. Patients with high nutritional risk at ICU admission exhibited significantly higher mortality of ICU 28-day, as well as twice the probability of death at ICU 28-day than those with low nutritional risk. Therefore, the mNUTRIC score may be an appropriate tool for nutritional risk assessment and prognosis prediction for critically ill COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32345515, "pmcid": "PMC7165273", "title": "Anesthetic and surgical management of tracheostomy in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Auris Nasus Larynx", "authors": ["Hiramatsu, Mariko", "Nishio, Naoki", "Ozaki, Masayuki", "Shindo, Yuichiro", "Suzuki, Katsunao", "Yamamoto, Takanori", "Fujimoto, Yasushi", "Sone, Michihiko"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345515", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection causes severe respiratory dysfunction and has become an emergent issue for worldwide healthcare. Since COVID-19 spreads through contact and droplet infection routes, careful attention to infection control and surgical management is important to prevent cross-contamination of patients and medical staff. Tracheostomy is an effective method to treat severe respiratory dysfunction with prolonged respiratory management and should be performed as a high-risk procedure METHOD: The anesthetic and surgical considerations in this case involved difficult goals of the patient safety and the management of infection among health care workers. Our surgical procedure was developed based on the previous experiences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We described the management procedures for tracheostomy in a patient with COVID-19, including the anesthesia preparation, surgical procedures, required medical supplies (a N95 mask or powered air purifying respirator, goggles, face shield, cap, double gloves, and a water-resistant disposable gown), and appropriate consultation with an infection prevention team. Appropriate contact, airborne precautions, and sufficient use of muscle relaxants are essential for performing tracheostomy in a patient with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32510340, "title": "Diagnostic methods and potential portable biosensors for coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Biosens Bioelectron", "authors": ["Cui, Feiyun", "Zhou, H Susan"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510340", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Timely detection and diagnosis are urgently needed to guide epidemiological measures, infection control, antiviral treatment, and vaccine research. In this review, biomarkers/indicators for diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the environment are summarized and discussed. It is concluded that the detection methods targeting antibodies are not suitable for screening of early and asymptomatic cases since most patients had an antibody response at about 10 days after onset of symptoms. However, antibody detection methods can be combined with quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis, and boost vaccine research. Fast, sensitive and accurate detection methods targeting antigens need to be developed urgently. Various specimens for diagnosis or detection are compared and analyzed. Among them, deep throat saliva and induced sputum are desired for RT-qPCR test or other early detection technologies. Chest computerized tomography (CT) scan, RT-qPCR, lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (LFICS) for diagnosis of COVID-19 are summarized and compared. Specially, potential electrochemical (EC) biosensor, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensor, field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensor, surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor and artificial intelligence (AI) assisted diagnosis of COVID-19 are emphasized. Finally, some commercialized portable detection device, current challenges and future directions are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32108160, "pmcid": "PMC7095779", "title": "Emergence of a novel human coronavirus threatening human health.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Poon, Leo L M", "Peiris, Malik"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108160", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32107911, "title": "[The importance of strengthening the ability of fundamental disease prevention and control system from the perspective of the epidemic situation of anti COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, M"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32107911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has been an epidemic for nearly two months. The prevention and control measures have achieved remarkable results. From the response and disposal process of this epidemic, it is revealed that human resources of fundamental disease prevention and control system are insufficient and the ability of laboratory testing is also weak. It is suggested that institutions for disease control and prevention should strengthen the construction in these aspects in the future."}, {"pmid": 32385541, "pmcid": "PMC7206218", "title": "COVID-19: How do you self-isolate in a refugee camp?", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Raju, Emmanuel", "Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385541", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449230, "title": "Screening for COVID-19 at childbirth: does it deliver?", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Ceulemans, D", "Thijs, I", "Schreurs, A", "Vercammen, J", "Lannoo, L", "Deprest, J", "Richter, J", "De Catte, L", "Devlieger, R"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449230", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241761, "pmcid": "PMC7114954", "title": "Infectious diseases in children and adolescents in China: analysis of national surveillance data from 2008 to 2017.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dong, Yanhui", "Wang, Liping", "Burgner, David P", "Miller, Jessica E", "Song, Yi", "Ren, Xiang", "Li, Zhongjie", "Xing, Yi", "Ma, Jun", "Sawyer, Susan M", "Patton, George C"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241761", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To outline which infectious diseases in the pre-covid-19 era persist in children and adolescents in China and to describe recent trends and variations by age, sex, season, and province. National surveillance studies, 2008-17. 31 provinces in mainland China. 4\u2009959\u2009790 Chinese students aged 6 to 22 years with a diagnosis of any of 44 notifiable infectious diseases. The diseases were categorised into seven groups: quarantinable; vaccine preventable; gastrointestinal and enteroviral; vectorborne; zoonotic; bacterial; and sexually transmitted and bloodborne. Diagnosis of, and deaths from, 44 notifiable infectious diseases. From 2008 to 2017, 44 notifiable infectious diseases were diagnosed in 4\u2009959\u2009790 participants (3\u2009045\u2009905 males, 1\u2009913\u2009885 females) and there were 2532 deaths (1663 males, 869 females). The leading causes of death among infectious diseases shifted from rabies and tuberculosis to HIV/AIDS, particularly in males. Mortality from infectious diseases decreased steadily from 0.21 per 100\u2009000 population in 2008 to 0.07 per 100\u2009000 in 2017. Quarantinable conditions with high mortality have effectively disappeared. The incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in children and adolescents decreased from 280 per 100\u2009000 in 2008 to 162 per 100\u2009000 in 2015, but rose again to 242 per 100\u2009000 in 2017, largely related to mumps and seasonal influenza. Excluding mumps and influenza, the incidence of vaccine preventable diseases fell from 96 per 100\u2009000 in 2008 to 7 per 100\u2009000 in 2017. The incidence of gastrointestinal and enterovirus diseases remained constant, but typhoid, paratyphoid, and dysentery continued to decline. Vectorborne diseases all declined, with a particularly noticeable reduction in malaria. Zoonotic infections remained at low incidence, but there were still unpredictable outbreaks, such as pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza. Tuberculosis remained the most common bacterial infection, although cases of scarlet fever doubled between 2008 and 2017. Sexually transmitted diseases and bloodborne infections increased significantly, particularly from 2011 to 2017, among which HIV/AIDS increased fivefold, particularly in males. Difference was noticeable between regions, with children and adolescents in western China continuing to carry a disproportionate burden from infectious diseases. China's success in infectious disease control in the pre-covid-19 era was notable, with deaths due to infectious diseases in children and adolescents aged 6-22 years becoming rare. Many challenges remain around reducing regional inequalities, scaling-up of vaccination, prevention of further escalation of HIV/AIDS, renewed efforts for persisting diseases, and undertaking early and effective response to highly transmissible seasonal and unpredictable diseases such as that caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus."}, {"pmid": 32402001, "title": "COVID-19 in prisons: an impossible challenge for public health?", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Sanchez, Alexandra", "Simas, Luciana", "Diuana, Vilma", "Larouze, Bernard"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402001", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428385, "title": "Reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the UK: A behavioural science approach to identifying options for increasing adherence to social distancing and shielding vulnerable people.", "journal": "Br J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Michie, Susan", "West, Robert", "Rogers, M Brooke", "Bonell, Chris", "Rubin, G James", "Amlot, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428385", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe and discuss a systematic method for producing a very rapid response (3\u00a0days) to a UK government policy question in the context of reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. A group of behavioural and social scientists advising the UK government on COVID-19 contributed to the analysis and writing of advice through the Government Office for Science. The question was as follows: What are the options for increasing adherence to social distancing (staying at home except for essential journeys and work) and shielding vulnerable people (keeping them at home and away from others)? This was prior to social distancing legislation being implemented. The first two authors produced a draft, based on analysis of the current government guidance and the application of the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) framework to identify and evaluate the options. For promoting social distancing, 10 options were identified for improving adherence. They covered improvements in ways of achieving the BCW intervention types of education, persuasion, incentivization, and coercion. For promoting shielding of vulnerable people, four options were identified covering the BCW intervention types of incentivization, coercion, and enablement. Responding to policymakers very rapidly as has been necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic can be facilitated by using a framework to structure the thinking and reporting of multidisciplinary academics and policymakers."}, {"pmid": 32525826, "title": "Short epidemiological overview of the current situation on COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast European (SEE) countries.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Puca, Edmond", "Civljak, Rok", "Arapovic, Jurica", "Popescu, Corneliu", "Christova, Iva", "Raka, Lul", "Cana, Fadil", "Miranovic, Vesna", "Karageorgopoulos, Drosos", "Bas, Denis", "Paglietti, Bianca", "Barac, Aleksandra"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525826", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are living in times where a viral disease has brought normal life in much of the world to a halt. The novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China initially and in a short time crossed the European borders. After mitigating the epidemic in China, Italy became one of the most COVID-19 affected countries worldwide. International travelers are important sources of infectious diseases and a possible source of epidemic. Due to its political, geographic, and cultural similarities, Italy is one of the main economic partners of Southeast European (SEE) countries. Our data show that infection in index cases in all 11 SEE countries was travel-related with Italy being a source country for 8/11 countries. After the first case identifications on February 25, the number of cases in SEE countries is continually rising reaching the total number of 15,612 with 565 fatal cases and overall case fatality ratio (CFR) of 3.6 (median 3.8, range 0.8-5.5) by April 10, 2020. At a time when the COVID-19 pandemic is approaching its peak, apart from the problems with treatment of the disease and care for critically ill patients, there are other equally important problems, such as organization of outbreak response, provision of health care, lack of hospital personnel, disruption of personal protective equipment supply chains and health care workers (HCWs) protection. But what is more important is the heroic behavior of the HCWs who are showing their humanity by disregarding their lives."}, {"pmid": 32487425, "pmcid": "PMC7261227", "title": "Ethics in the Time of Coronavirus: Engaging the Conversation: In Reply to Hai and Colleagues.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Kramer, Jessica B", "Brown, Douglas E", "Kopar, Piroska K"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487425", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265088, "pmcid": "PMC7132499", "title": "Custom-made 3D-printed face masks in case of pandemic crisis situations with a lack of commercially available FFP2/3 masks.", "journal": "Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Swennen, Gwen R J", "Pottel, Lies", "Haers, Piet E"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265088", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the case of pandemic crisis situations, a crucial lack of protective material such as protective face masks for healthcare professionals can occur. A proof of concept (PoC) and prototype are presented, demonstrating a reusable custom-made three-dimensionally (3D) printed face mask based on materials and techniques (3D imaging and 3D printing) with global availability. The individualized 3D protective face mask consists of two 3D-printed reusable polyamide composite components (a face mask and a filter membrane support) and two disposable components (a head fixation band and a filter membrane). Computer-aided design (CAD) was used to produce the reusable components of the 3D face mask based on individual facial scans, which were acquired using a new-generation smartphone with two cameras and a face scanning application. 3D modelling can easily be done by CAD designers worldwide with free download software. The disposable non-woven melt-blown filter membrane is globally available from industrial manufacturers producing FFP2/3 protective masks for painting, construction, agriculture, and the textile industry. Easily available Velcro fasteners were used as a disposable head fixation band. A cleaning and disinfection protocol is proposed. Leakage and virological testing of the reusable components of the 3D face mask, following one or several disinfection cycles, has not yet been performed and is essential prior to its use in real-life situations. This PoC should allow the reader to consider making and/or virologically testing the described custom-made 3D-printed face masks worldwide. The surface tessellation language (STL) format of the original virtual templates of the two reusable components described in this paper can be downloaded free of charge using the hyperlink (Supplementary Material online)."}, {"pmid": 32528139, "pmcid": "PMC7288265", "title": "SFED recommendations for IBD endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: Italian and French experience.", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Furfaro, Federica", "Vuitton, Lucine", "Fiorino, Gionata", "Koch, Stephane", "Allocca, Mariangela", "Gilardi, Daniela", "Zilli, Alessandra", "D'Amico, Ferdinando", "Radice, Simona", "Chevaux, Jean-Baptiste", "Schaefer, Marion", "Chaussade, Stanislas", "Danese, Silvio", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528139", "countries": ["Italy", "France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has required a complete change in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who need to undergo endoscopic procedures. Several preventive measures must be taken to avoid the spread of infection among health-care professionals and patients with IBD, including the use of personal protective equipment, greater attention to endoscopic room hygiene and rescheduling of non-urgent procedures. This Perspective aims to provide a guide based on the Italian and French experience to better face the difficulties encountered by endoscopists during this global health emergency. In particular, recommendations regarding the use of personal protective equipment to prevent COVID-19 transmission, both for patients and health-care professionals, are proposed and different scenarios in endoscopic IBD management are evaluated to suggest when endoscopy could be rescheduled and replaced by alternative biomarkers."}, {"pmid": 32364407, "title": "COVID-19 Lung Injury Is Different From High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (Re: High Alt Med Biol [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1089/ham.2020.0055).", "journal": "High Alt Med Biol", "authors": ["Brugger, Hermann", "Basnyat, Buddha", "Ellerton, John", "Hefti, Urs", "Strapazzon, Giacomo", "Zafren, Ken"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364407", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421383, "title": "Community Mitigation During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Mission Impossible in Developing Countries.", "journal": "Popul Health Manag", "authors": ["Abdel-Moneim, Ahmed S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421383", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444169, "pmcid": "PMC7207100", "title": "COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis.", "journal": "Pancreatology", "authors": ["Aloysius, Mark M", "Thatti, Ashwin", "Gupta, Anjalika", "Sharma, Nishant", "Bansal, Pardeep", "Goyal, Hemant"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444169", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has spread over 200 countries worldwide, affecting >2 million people and >120,000 deaths. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The most common symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, and fever. However, gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 are increasingly being recognized. Herein, we report a case of COVID-19 who presented with acute pancreatitis (AP) without any other risk factors."}, {"pmid": 32407062, "title": "COVID-2019. How to decrease the risk of infection in dental practice?", "journal": "Minerva Stomatol", "authors": ["Sales, Pedro H", "Sales, Priscila L", "Da Hora Sales, Maria L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407062", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new Pandemic classified by the World Health Organization and called COVID-19, is causing widespread respiratory infections and deaths in several countries on the 5 continents. Although it does not have a high lethality rate, this new virus can present rates of complications and hospitalizations in the intensive care unit in up to 20% of patients, especially the elderly and those with compromised health, which can cause a collapse in the health system national public health. Dentistry is one of the most vulnerable professions due to work in the oral cavity, one of the areas with the highest concentration of the virus, therefore having an important role in controlling the disease. The objective of this work is through a review of the current literature, to establish conducts that can reduce the contamination by COVID-19 between the population and the dental team during the service in the public and private health system."}, {"pmid": 32503061, "title": "Homeopathic Clinical Features of 18 Patients in COVID-19 Outbreaks in Hong Kong.", "journal": "Homeopathy", "authors": ["To, Ka Lun Aaron", "Fok, Yuen Ying Yvonne"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503061", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2003Hong Kong is geographically located in the province of Guangdong which, after Hubei, has been the region of China second-most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared to the pathognomonic symptoms of the named disease, homeopathic symptoms are always more helpful for homeopathic prescriptions. \u2003This study reports and summarizes the homeopathic symptoms observed in 18 confirmed/suspected epidemiologically related cases in cluster outbreaks of COVID-19 in Hong Kong in early 2020. \u2003Homeopathic symptoms from this case series were collected from 18 consecutive patients who, in addition to their concurrent conventional treatment or traditional Chinese medicine, actively sought help from homeopathy as an adjunctive measure for symptomatic relief from COVID-19. Cases were categorized according to outbreak clusters, focusing mainly on the homeopathic symptoms. In the analysis, frequency of all homeopathic medicines, common rubrics in all the cases, common rubrics in each of the top-ranked remedies, and differentiating symptoms for each top-ranked remedy were determined. \u2003Homeopathic symptoms of 18 cases, each identified as mild and belonging to one of six separate clusters, are reported. Eighteen common symptoms screened out of 79 selected rubrics constituted two sets of homeopathic symptom pictures: Bryonia alba (n\u2009=\u20094) and Gelsemium sempervirens (n\u2009=\u200912). Eight and seven differentiating features, respectively, were identified for Bryonia alba and Gelsemium sempervirens. \u2003The common symptoms of 18 mild COVID-19 cases constituted two sets of homeopathic symptom pictures, indicating Bryonia alba or Gelsemium sempervirens; they were indicated in 4 and 12 cases, respectively, out of the 18 in total."}, {"pmid": 32463586, "title": "Role modelling and active apprenticeship during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Teach", "authors": ["Shah, Nisa", "Nazir, Tahir"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463586", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317044, "pmcid": "PMC7211803", "title": "Outbreak Trends of Coronavirus Disease-2019 in India: A Prediction.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Tiwari, Sunita", "Kumar, Sushil", "Guleria, Kalpna"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317044", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of this paper is to prepare the government and citizens of India to take or implement the control measures proactively to reduce the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this work, the COVID-19 outbreak in India has been predicted based on the pattern of China using a machine learning approach. The model is built to predict the number of confirmed cases, recovered cases, and death cases based on the data available between January 22, 2020, and April 3, 2020. The time series forecasting method is used for prediction models. The COVID-19 effects are predicted to be at peak between the third and fourth weeks of April 2020 in India. This outbreak is predicted to be controlled around the end of May 2020. The total number of predicted confirmed cases of COVID-19 might reach around 68 978, and the number of deaths due to COVID-19 are predicted to be 1557 around April 25, 2020, in India. If this outbreak is not controlled by the end of May 2020, then India will face a severe shortage of hospitals, and it will make this outbreak even worse. The COVID-19 pandemic may be controlled if the Government of India takes proactive steps to aggressively implement a lockdown in the country and extend it further. This presented epidemiological model is an effort to predict the future forecast of COVID-19 spread, based on the present scenario, so that the government can frame policy decisions, and necessary actions can be initiated."}, {"pmid": 32319207, "title": "COVID-19 and viral hepatitis elimination programs: Are we stepping backward?", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Karimi-Sari, Hamidreza", "Rezaee-Zavareh, Mohammad Saeid"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319207", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396948, "title": "Telehealth for High-Risk Pregnancies in the Setting of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Aziz, Aleha", "Zork, Noelia", "Aubey, Janice J", "Baptiste, Caitlin D", "D'Alton, Mary E", "Emeruwa, Ukachi N", "Fuchs, Karin M", "Goffman, Dena", "Gyamfi-Bannerman, Cynthia", "Haythe, Jennifer H", "LaSala, Anita P", "Madden, Nigel", "Miller, Eliza C", "Miller, Russell S", "Monk, Catherine", "Moroz, Leslie", "Ona, Samsiya", "Ring, Laurence E", "Sheen, Jean-Ju", "Spiegel, Erica S", "Simpson, Lynn L", "Yates, Hope S", "Friedman, Alexander M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396948", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As New York City became an international epicenter of the novel coronavirus disease 2020 (COVID-19) pandemic, telehealth was rapidly integrated into prenatal care at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, an academic hospital system in Manhattan. Goals of implementation were to consolidate in-person prenatal screening, surveillance, and examinations into fewer in-person visits while maintaining patient access to ongoing antenatal care and subspecialty consultations via telehealth virtual visits. The rationale for this change was to minimize patient travel and thus risk for COVID-19 exposure. Because a large portion of obstetric patients had underlying medical or fetal conditions placing them at increased risk for adverse outcomes, prenatal care telehealth regimens were tailored for increased surveillance and/or counseling. Based on the incorporation of telehealth into prenatal care for high-risk patients, specific recommendations are made for the following conditions, clinical scenarios, and services: (1) hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and chronic hypertension; (2) pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus; (3) maternal cardiovascular disease; (4) maternal neurologic conditions; (5) history of preterm birth and poor obstetrical history including prior stillbirth; (6) fetal conditions such as intrauterine growth restriction, congenital anomalies, and multiple gestations including monochorionic placentation; (7) genetic counseling; (8) mental health services; (9) obstetric anesthesia consultations; and (10) postpartum care. While telehealth virtual visits do not fully replace in-person encounters during prenatal care, they do offer a means of reducing potential patient and provider exposure to COVID-19 while providing consolidated in-person testing and services. KEY POINTS: \u00b7 Telehealth for prenatal care is feasible.. \u00b7 Telehealth may reduce coronavirus exposure during prenatal care.. \u00b7 Telehealth should be tailored for high risk prenatal patients.."}, {"pmid": 32231319, "title": "'We need to be alert': Scientists fear second coronavirus wave as China's lockdowns ease.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231319", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494340, "pmcid": "PMC7244828", "title": "Is reporting many cases of COVID-19 in Iran due to strength or weakness of Iran's health system?", "journal": "Iran J Microbiol", "authors": ["Mounesan, Leila", "Eybpoosh, Sana", "Haghdoost, Aliakbar", "Moradi, Ghobad", "Mostafavi, Ehsan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494340", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340733, "pmcid": "PMC7158777", "title": "Rapid ramp-up of powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) training for infection prevention and control during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Chen, Qingyan", "Lim, Beatrice", "Ong, Shimin", "Wong, Wan-Yi", "Kong, Yu-Chin"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340733", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350818, "pmcid": "PMC7189353", "title": "Chloroquine-induced QTc prolongation in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Neth Heart J", "authors": ["van den Broek, M P H", "Mohlmann, J E", "Abeln, B G S", "Liebregts, M", "van Dijk, V F", "van de Garde, E M W"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350818", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the battle against the SARS-CoV\u20112 pandemic, chloroquine has emerged as a\u00a0new potential therapeutic option for the treatment of infected patients. A\u00a0safety consideration for the application of chloroquine is its QTc-prolonging potential. Thus far, no data are available on the QTc-prolonging potential of chloroquine in COVID-19 patients. To assess the degree of chloroquine-induced QTc prolongation in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. A\u00a0baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) and ECGs recorded during chloroquine treatment were retrospectively collected in patients suspected of having COVID-19. The QTc interval was calculated by computerised and manual interpretation. Baseline and follow-up QTc intervals were compared using the paired samples t-test. A\u00a0total of 95\u00a0patients had a\u00a0baseline ECG recording and at least one ECG recording during chloroquine therapy. Chloroquine treatment resulted in a\u00a0mean QTc prolongation of 35\u202fms (95% CI 28-43\u202fms) using computerised interpretation and 34\u202fms (95% CI 25-43\u202fms) using manual interpretation. No torsade de pointes was observed during chloroquine treatment. After manual review, 22\u00a0patients (23%) had a\u00a0QTc interval exceeding 500\u202fms during chloroquine treatment. None of these patients had a\u00a0prolonged QTc interval prior to the initiation of chloroquine treatment. Chloroquine significantly prolongs the QTc interval in a\u00a0clinically relevant matter. This highlights the need for ECG monitoring when prescribing chloroquine to COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32270532, "pmcid": "PMC7262087", "title": "Letter from China.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Guan, Wei-Jie", "Zhong, Nan-Shan"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270532", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437782, "pmcid": "PMC7211744", "title": "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of inpatients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: The Wuhan experience.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Shao, Fei", "Sun, Peng", "Tang, Ziren"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437782", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366669, "title": "Multicenter Evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 Test.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Loeffelholz, Michael J", "Alland, David", "Butler-Wu, Susan M", "Pandey, Utsav", "Perno, Carlo Frederico", "Nava, Alice", "Carroll, Karen C", "Mostafa, Heba", "Davies, Emma", "McEwan, Ashley", "Rakeman, Jennifer L", "Fowler, Randal C", "Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel", "Fourati, Slim", "Banik, Sukalyani", "Banada, Padmapriya P", "Swaminathan, Shobha", "Chakravorty, Soumitesh", "Kwiatkowski, Robert W", "Chu, Victor C", "Kop, JoAnn", "Gaur, Rajiv", "Sin, Mandy L Y", "Nguyen, Duy", "Singh, Simranjit", "Zhang, Na", "Persing, David H"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366669", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are the primary means of identifying acute infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Accurate and fast test results may permit more efficient use of protective and isolation resources and allow for rapid therapeutic interventions.Methods. We evaluated the analytical and clinical performance characteristics of the Xpert\u00ae Xpress SARS-CoV-2 (Xpert) test, a rapid, automated molecular test for SARS-CoV-2. Analytical sensitivity and specificity/interference were assessed with infectious SARS-CoV-2, other infectious coronavirus species including SARS-CoV, and 85 nasopharyngeal swab specimens positive for other respiratory viruses including endemic human coronaviruses (hCoVs). Clinical performance was assessed using 483 remnant upper and lower respiratory specimens previously analyzed by standard of care (SOC) NAATs.Results. The limit of detection of the Xpert test was 0.01 plaque forming units (PFU)/mL. Other hCoVs, including Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus, were not detected by the Xpert test. SARS-CoV, a closely related species in the Sarbecovirus subgenus, was detected by a broad-range target (E) but was distinguished from SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2-specific N2 target). Compared to SOC NAATs, the positive agreement of the Xpert test was 219/220 (99.5%) and the negative agreement was 250/261 (95.8%). A third tie-breaker NAAT resolved all but three of the discordant results in favor the Xpert test.Conclusions. The Xpert test provided sensitive and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a variety of upper and lower respiratory tract specimens. The high sensitivity and fast time to results of approximately 45 minutes may impact patient management."}, {"pmid": 32035018, "pmcid": "PMC7133595", "title": "Reducing mortality from 2019-nCoV: host-directed therapies should be an option.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Zumla, Alimuddin", "Hui, David S", "Azhar, Esam I", "Memish, Ziad A", "Maeurer, Markus"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035018", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226286, "pmcid": "PMC7098031", "title": "Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Ye, Zi-Wei", "Yuan, Shuofeng", "Yuen, Kit-San", "Fung, Sin-Yee", "Chan, Chi-Ping", "Jin, Dong-Yan"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226286", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mutation and adaptation have driven the co-evolution of coronaviruses (CoVs) and their hosts, including human beings, for thousands of years. Before 2003, two human CoVs (HCoVs) were known to cause mild illness, such as common cold. The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have flipped the coin to reveal how devastating and life-threatening an HCoV infection could be. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in central China at the end of 2019 has thrusted CoVs into the spotlight again and surprised us with its high transmissibility but reduced pathogenicity compared to its sister SARS-CoV. HCoV infection is a zoonosis and understanding the zoonotic origins of HCoVs would serve us well. Most HCoVs originated from bats where they are non-pathogenic. The intermediate reservoir hosts of some HCoVs are also known. Identifying the animal hosts has direct implications in the prevention of human diseases. Investigating CoV-host interactions in animals might also derive important insight on CoV pathogenesis in humans. In this review, we present an overview of the existing knowledge about the seven HCoVs, with a focus on the history of their discovery as well as their zoonotic origins and interspecies transmission. Importantly, we compare and contrast the different HCoVs from a perspective of virus evolution and genome recombination. The current CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is discussed in this context. In addition, the requirements for successful host switches and the implications of virus evolution on disease severity are also highlighted."}, {"pmid": 32032497, "pmcid": "PMC7233359", "title": "Evolution of CT Manifestations in a Patient Recovered from 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Shi, Heshui", "Han, Xiaoyu", "Zheng, Chuansheng"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32032497", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527757, "title": "Personal historical perspective of HIV: part 11.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Welsby, Philip D"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527757", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "All animal life on earth is thought to have a common origin and have common genetic mechanisms. Evolution has enabled differentiation of species. Pathogens likewise have evolved within various species and mostly come to a settled dynamic equilibrium such that co-existence results (pathogens ideally should not kill their hosts). Problems arise when pathogens jump species because the new host had not developed any resistance. These infections from related species are known as zoonoses. COVID-19 is the latest example of a virus entering another species but HIV (and various strains of influenza) were previous examples. HIV entered the human population from monkeys in Africa. These two papers outline the underlying principle of HIV and the differing epidemiologies in Africa, the USA and in Edinburgh. The underlying immunosuppression of HIV in Africa was initially hidden behind common infections and HIV first came to world awareness in focal areas of the USA as a disease seemingly limited to gay males. The epidemic of intravenous drug abuse in Edinburgh was associated with overlapping epidemics of bloodborne viruses like hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV."}, {"pmid": 32220066, "pmcid": "PMC7228403", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and HIV.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220066", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399784, "pmcid": "PMC7217341", "title": "In reply: Clear plastic drapes for aerosol-generating medical procedures in COVID-19 patients: questions still remain.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Matava, Clyde T", "Yu, Julie", "Denning, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399784", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302024, "pmcid": "PMC7262349", "title": "COVID-19 and ischemic heart disease emergencies: What cardiac surgery should expect?", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Pilato, Emanuele", "Manzo, Rachele", "Comentale, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302024", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448391, "pmcid": "PMC7245637", "title": "The pulmonary sequalae in discharged patients with COVID-19: a short-term observational study.", "journal": "Respir Res", "authors": ["Liu, Dehan", "Zhang, Wanshu", "Pan, Feng", "Li, Lin", "Yang, Lian", "Zheng, Dandan", "Wang, Jiazheng", "Liang, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448391", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia were discharged from hospitals in Wuhan, China. We aimed to determine the cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution at each time point, to explore the relevant affecting factors, and to describe the chest CT findings at different time points after hospital discharge. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by RT-PCR who were discharged consecutively from the hospital between 5 February 2020 and 10 March 2020 and who underwent serial chest CT scans on schedule were enrolled. The radiological characteristics of all patients were collected and analysed. The total CT score was the sum of non-GGO involvement determined at discharge. Afterwards, all patients underwent chest CT scans during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks after discharge. Imaging features and distributions were analysed across different time points. A total of 149 patients who completed all CT scans were evaluated; there were 67 (45.0%) men and 82 (55.0%) women, with a median age of 43\u2009years old (IQR 36-56). The cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution was 8.1% (12 patients), 41.6% (62), 50.3% (75), and 53.0% (79) at discharge and during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks after discharge, respectively. Patients \u226444\u2009years old showed a significantly higher cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution than patients >\u200944\u2009years old at the 3-week follow-up. The predominant patterns of abnormalities observed at discharge were ground-glass opacity (GGO) (125 [83.9%]), fibrous stripe (81 [54.4%]), and thickening of the adjacent pleura (33 [22.1%]). The positive count of GGO, fibrous stripe and thickening of the adjacent pleura gradually decreased, while GGO and fibrous stripe showed obvious resolution during the first week and the third week after discharge, respectively. \"Tinted\" sign and bronchovascular bundle distortion as two special features were discovered during the evolution. Lung lesions in COVID-19 pneumonia patients can be absorbed completely during short-term follow-up with no sequelae. Two weeks after discharge might be the optimal time point for early radiological estimation."}, {"pmid": 32455612, "title": "Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Dentistry-A Comprehensive Review of Literature.", "journal": "Dent J (Basel)", "authors": ["Barabari, Poyan", "Moharamzadeh, Keyvan"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has become a real challenge for healthcare providers around the world and has significantly affected the dental professionals in practices, universities and research institutions. The aim of this article was to review the available literature on the relevant aspects of dentistry in relation to COVID-19 and to discuss potential impacts of COVID-19 outbreak on clinical dentistry, dental education and research. Although the coronavirus pandemic has caused many difficulties for provision of clinical dentistry, there would be an opportunity for the dental educators to modernize their teaching approaches using novel digital concepts in teaching of clinical skills and by enhancement of online communication and learning platforms. This pandemic has also highlighted some of the major gaps in dental research and the need for new relevant knowledge to manage the current crisis and minimize the impact of such outbreaks on dentistry in the future. In conclusion, COVID-19 has had many immediate complications for dentistry of which some may have further long-term impacts on clinical practice, dental education and dental research."}, {"pmid": 32385855, "pmcid": "PMC7273019", "title": "Balancing public health and private wealth: lessons on climate inaction from the COVID-19 pandemic - a report from the International Society of Dermatology Climate Change Committee.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Coates, Sarah J", "Andersen, Louise K", "Boos, Markus D"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385855", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442268, "title": "Stroke in a young COVID -19 patient.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Gunasekaran, Kulothungan", "Amoah, Kwesi", "Rajasurya, Venkat", "Buscher, Michael G"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442268", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426957, "title": "Should coronavirus disease 2019 concern rheumatologists?", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Kucharz, Eugeniusz J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426957", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that became a global health emergency. The paper reviews aspects of COVID-19 that pertain to rheumatology, including symptoms and signs akin to those observed in rheumatic disorders, risk of infection or severe course of the disease in patients with a pre-existing rheumatic disease and those receiving antirheumatic or immunosuppressive medication as well as potential applications of antirheumatic or anticytokine therapeutic strategies that are already applied in rheumatology (including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, baricitinib, and others) for patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32402005, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: securitization, neoliberal crisis, and global vulnerabilization.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Nunes, Joao"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402005", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513232, "title": "Non-febrile COVID-19 patients were common and often became critically ill: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Li, Yichen", "Jiao, Na", "Zhu, Lixin", "Cheng, Sijing", "Zhu, Ruixin", "Lan, Ping"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513232", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396029, "title": "Capturing the Impact of Children's Nurse Clinical Academics during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Compr Child Adolesc Nurs", "authors": ["Coad, Jane"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396029", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303151, "title": "Can the human coronavirus epidemic also spread through solid waste?", "journal": "Waste Manag Res", "authors": ["Mol, Marcos Paulo Gomes", "Caldas, Sergio"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303151", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Wastes generated in healthcare facilities have been discussed and the World Health Organization has proposed a guideline for controlling the spread of the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, waste management outside the generating facility should be discussed in more detail, taking into account factors such as virus resistance, differences in waste management systems and the climatic conditions in each affected region. Patients infected by human coronavirus being treated at home are generating infected waste possibly discarded as domestic waste, which can pose risks to workers and the environment, depending on the conditions of transport and disposal. In particular, the spread of the coronavirus may be increased by inadequate waste management, highlighting poor handling conditions associated with inappropriate use of personal protective equipment and other unfavourable conditions presented mainly in developing countries."}, {"pmid": 32482585, "pmcid": "PMC7245241", "title": "The Management of Patients With Lung Cancer During the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Ouyang, Wen", "Hu, Jing", "Zhang, Hongyan", "Xie, Conghua"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482585", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328850, "pmcid": "PMC7178925", "title": "Analysis of the susceptibility to COVID-19 in pregnancy and recommendations on potential drug screening.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Xiaoxuan", "Jiang, Yuepeng", "Zhao, Yang", "Xi, Hongyan", "Liu, Chang", "Qu, Fan", "Feng, Xiaoling"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328850", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy and the drugs that can be used to treat pregnancy with COVID-19, so as to provide evidence for drug selection in clinic. By reviewing the existing literature, this paper analyzes the susceptibility of pregnant women to virus, especially to SARS-CoV-2, from the aspects of anatomical, reproductive endocrine and immune changes during pregnancy and screens effective and fetal-safe treatments from the existing drugs. The anatomical structure of the respiratory system is changed during pregnancy, and the virus transmitted by droplets and aerosols is more easily inhaled by pregnant women and is difficult to remove. Furthermore, the prognosis is worse after infection when compared with non-pregnancy women. And changes in reproductive hormones and immune systems during pregnancy collectively make them more susceptible to certain infections. More importantly, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, has been proven highly increased during pregnancy, which may contribute to the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. When it comes to treatment, specific drugs for COVID-19 have not been found at present, and taking old drugs for new use in treating COVID-19 has become an emergency method for the pandemic. Particularly, drugs that show superior maternal and fetal safety are worthy of consideration for pregnant women with COVID-19, such as chloroquine, metformin, statins, lobinavir/ritonavir, glycyrrhizic acid, and nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery (NMDD), etc. Pregnant women are susceptible to COVID-19, and special attention should be paid to the selection of drugs that are both effective for maternal diseases and friendly to the fetus. However, there are still many deficiencies in the study of drug safety during pregnancy, and broad-spectrum, effective and fetal-safe drugs for pregnant women need to be developed so as to cope with more infectious diseases in the future."}, {"pmid": 32145716, "title": "[The preliminary analysis on the characteristics of the cluster for the COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, H Y", "Xu, J", "Li, Y", "Liang, X", "Jin, Y F", "Chen, S Y", "Zhang, R G", "Zhang, W D", "Duan, G C"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145716", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, COVID-19, a new emerging infection disease, has spread in 27 countries and regions. The clusters of many cases were reported with the epidemic progresses. We collected currently available information for 377 COVID-19 clusters (1 719 cases), excluded the hospital clusters and Hubei cases, during the period from January 1 to February 20, 2020. There were 297 family clusters (79%), case median was 4; 39 clusters of dining (10%), case median was 5; 23 clusters of shopping malls or supermarkets (6%), case median was 13; 12 clusters of work units (3%), case median was 6, and 6 clusters of transportation. We selected 325 cases to estimate the incubation period and its range was 1 to 20 days, median was 7 days, and mode was 4 days. The analysis of the epidemic situation in a department store in China indicated that there was a possibility of patients as the source of infection during the incubation period of the epidemic. From February 5 to 21, 2020, 634 persons were infected on the Diamond Princess Liner. All persons are susceptible to the 2019 coronavirus. Age, patients during the incubation period and the worse environment might be the cause of the cases rising. The progress of the two typical outbreaks clearly demonstrated the spread of the early cases in Wuhan. In conclusion, screening and isolating close contacts remained essential other than clinical treatment during the epidemic. Especially for the healthy people in the epidemic area, isolation was the key."}, {"pmid": 32448491, "pmcid": "PMC7151523", "title": "A Reusable Mask for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Phan, Thien Luan", "Ching, Congo Tak-Shing"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448491", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Novel Coronavirus is causing an intensely feared globally. World Health Organization has even declared that it is a global health emergency. The simplest method to limit the spread of this new virus and for people to protect themselves as well as the others is to wear a mask in crowded places. The sudden increase demand on face mask has caused manufacturers the inability to not provide enough products in a short time and the situation properly will stay the same for a period of time. In this article, we aim to give an idea on how to save the number of face masks used but still provides the same protective values using a Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) mask and a common surgical facemask."}, {"pmid": 32507495, "title": "The bimodal SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Italy as an effect of environmental and allergic causes.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Chirumbolo, Salvatore", "Bjorklund, Geir"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507495", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462289, "pmcid": "PMC7253235", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on the Cardio-Oncology Population.", "journal": "Curr Oncol Rep", "authors": ["Asokan, Ishan", "Rabadia, Soniya V", "Yang, Eric H"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462289", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV, COVID-19) is historically one of the most severe acute respiratory syndromes and pandemics to affect the globe in the twenty-first century. Originating in Wuhan, the virus rapidly spread and impacted subsets of populations with initial unclear risk factors contributing to worsening morbidity and mortality. Patients with diagnosis of cancer and undergoing treatment further represent a population at risk for worsening cardiopulmonary outcomes. This review explores specific risk factors, diagnoses, and treatment options that impact cardio-oncologic patients with COVID-19. Multiple studies globally, including Italy, China, and the USA, have documented severe outcomes. Cancer patients are at increased risk of cardiac injury which itself is a risk factor for mortality. Additionally, elderly cancer patients undergoing recent anti-cancer treatment may be at greater risk for sustaining worse outcomes, although data remains suboptimal in this population. Major gaps remain regarding risk associated with type of cancer and type of anti-cancer treatment, as well as the layered risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Immunomodulatory therapies used to treat cytokine release syndrome secondary to anti-cancer therapies, as well as other agents being traditionally used to treat cardiovascular and cancer disease states, are being investigated for treatment of COVID-19. Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer have been associated with more severe COVID-19 infection and worse outcomes. Patients undergoing anti-cancer therapy or those who have suffered from coronavirus infection may develop long-standing changes, not limited to pulmonary fibrosis, hyperlipidemia, and worsening atherosclerosis. Those undergoing anti-cancer therapy are at theoretically increased susceptibility for infection, with type of cancer not necessarily dictating outcome. A review of the literature of patients with cardiovascular and/or cancer disease is presented, as well as proposed strategies to attenuate risk regarding treatment, management, and surveillance in this vulnerable population."}, {"pmid": 32044814, "pmcid": "PMC7147277", "title": "Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Liu, Kui", "Fang, Yuan-Yuan", "Deng, Yan", "Liu, Wei", "Wang, Mei-Fang", "Ma, Jing-Ping", "Xiao, Wei", "Wang, Ying-Nan", "Zhong, Min-Hua", "Li, Cheng-Hong", "Li, Guang-Cai", "Liu, Hui-Guo"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32044814", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei province of China was isolated in January 2020. This study aims to investigate its epidemiologic history, and analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment regimens, and prognosis of patients infected with 2019-nCoV during this outbreak. Clinical data from 137 2019-nCoV-infected patients admitted to the respiratory departments of nine tertiary hospitals in Hubei province from December 30, 2019 to January 24, 2020 were retrospectively collected, including general status, clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, imaging characteristics, and treatment regimens. None of the 137 patients (61 males, 76 females, aged 20-83 years, median age 57 years) had a definite history of exposure to Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. Major initial symptoms included fever (112/137, 81.8%), coughing (66/137, 48.2%), and muscle pain or fatigue (44/137, 32.1%), with other, less typical initial symptoms observed at low frequency, including heart palpitations, diarrhea, and headache. Nearly 80% of the patients had normal or decreased white blood cell counts, and 72.3% (99/137) had lymphocytopenia. Lung involvement was present in all cases, with most chest computed tomography scans showing lesions in multiple lung lobes, some of which were dense; ground-glass opacity co-existed with consolidation shadows or cord-like shadows. Given the lack of effective drugs, treatment focused on symptomatic and respiratory support. Immunoglobulin G was delivered to some critically ill patients according to their conditions. Systemic corticosteroid treatment did not show significant benefits. Notably, early respiratory support facilitated disease recovery and improved prognosis. The risk of death was primarily associated with age, underlying chronic diseases, and median interval from the appearance of initial symptoms to dyspnea. The majority of patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia present with fever as the first symptom, and most of them still showed typical manifestations of viral pneumonia on chest imaging. Middle-aged and elderly patients with underlying comorbidities are susceptible to respiratory failure and may have a poorer prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32469480, "title": "Screening for Covid-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Krsak, Martin", "Henao-Martinez, Andres F", "Franco-Paredes, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469480", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501604, "title": "Recommendations for management of diabetic foot ulcers during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int Wound J", "authors": ["Kelahmetoglu, Osman", "Camli, Mehmet Fatih", "Kirazoglu, Ahmet", "Erbayat, Yusuf", "Asgarzade, Susan", "Durgun, Ufuk", "Mehdizade, Turan", "Yeniocak, Ali", "Yildiz, Kemalettin", "Sonmez Ergun, Selma", "Guneren, Ethem"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501604", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemia began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. A total of 1\u2009878\u2009489 people were infected and 119\u2009044 people were lost because of the disease and its complications by 15 April. Severe morbidity and mortality complications are mostly seen in elderly and patients having comorbidities. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of severe complications of diabetes mellitus and it may require urgent surgical interventions. In this paper, we aimed to create a management algorithm to prevent the unexpected complications that may occur in the patients and health care workers during the evaluation of COVID-19 in DFU patients who require urgent surgical intervention. We advise the use of thorax computerised tomography for preoperative screening in all DFU patients with severe signs of infection and especially those requiring urgent surgery for both the detection of the possible undiagnosed COVID-19 in the patient for the need for close follow-up and protection of the surgical and anaesthesiology team."}, {"pmid": 32387509, "pmcid": "PMC7201235", "title": "Google Trends reveals: Focus of interest in the population is on treatment options rather than theories about COVID-19 animal origin.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Springer, Steffen", "Menzel, Lisa M", "Zieger, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387509", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345226, "pmcid": "PMC7188494", "title": "Clinical characteristics of patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in a non-Wuhan area of Hubei Province, China: a retrospective study.", "journal": "BMC Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Xin-Ying", "Xu, Xuan-Xuan", "Yin, Hai-Sen", "Hu, Qin-Ming", "Xiong, Tao", "Tang, Yuan-Yan", "Yang, Ai-Ying", "Yu, Bao-Ping", "Huang, Zhi-Ping"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345226", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has expanded to cause a worldwide outbreak that more than 600,000 people infected and tens of thousands died. To date, the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in the non-Wuhan areas of Hubei Province in China have not been described. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment progress of 91 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Jingzhou Central Hospital. Of the 91 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 30 cases (33.0%) were severe and two patients (2.2%) died. The severe disease group tended to be older (50.5 vs. 42.0\u2009years; p\u2009=\u20090.049) and have more chronic disease (40% vs. 14.8%; p\u2009=\u20090.009) relative to mild disease group. Only 73.6% of the patients were quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-positive on their first tests, while typical chest computed tomography images were obtained for each patient. The most common complaints were cough (n\u2009=\u200975; 82.4%), fever (n\u2009=\u200959; 64.8%), fatigue (n\u2009=\u200935; 38.5%), and diarrhea (n\u2009=\u200914; 15.4%). Non-respiratory injury was identified by elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (n\u2009=\u200918; 19.8%), creatinine (n\u2009=\u20095; 5.5%), and creatine kinase (n\u2009=\u200914; 15.4%) in laboratory tests. Twenty-eight cases (30.8%) suffered non-respiratory injury, including 50% of the critically ill patients and 21.3% of the mild patients. Overall, the mortality rate of patients in Jingzhou was lower than that of Wuhan. Importantly, we found liver, kidney, digestive tract, and heart injuries in COVID-19 cases besides respiratory problems. Combining chest computed tomography images with the qPCR analysis of throat swab samples can improve the accuracy of COVID-19 diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32446795, "pmcid": "PMC7242190", "title": "Association of diabetes mellitus with disease severity and prognosis in COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Zhang, Yan", "Cui, Yanhui", "Shen, Minxue", "Zhang, Jianchu", "Liu, Ben", "Dai, Minhui", "Chen, Lingli", "Han, Duoduo", "Fan, Yifei", "Zeng, Yanjun", "Li, Wen", "Lin, Fengyu", "Li, Sha", "Chen, Xiang", "Pan, Pinhua"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446795", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China, and was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Diabetes is an established risk associated with poor clinical outcomes, but the association of diabetes with COVID-19 has not been reported yet. In this cohort study, we retrospectively reviewed 258 consecutive hospitalized COVID-19 patients with or without diabetes at the West Court of Union Hospital in Wuhan, China, recruited from January 29 to February 12, 2020. The clinical features, treatment strategies and prognosis data were collected and analyzed. Prognosis was followed up until March 12, 2020. Of the 258 hospitalized patients (63 with diabetes) with COVID-19, the median age was 64\u00a0years (range 23-91), and 138 (53.5%) were male. Common symptoms included fever (82.2%), dry cough (67.1%), polypnea (48.1%), and fatigue (38%). Patients with diabetes had significantly higher leucocyte and neutrophil counts, and higher levels of fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB at admission compared with those without diabetes. COVID-19 patients with diabetes were more likely to develop severe or critical disease conditions with more complications, and had higher incidence rates of antibiotic therapy, non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation, and death (11.1% vs. 4.1%). Cox proportional hazard model showed that diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]\u00a0=\u00a03.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09, 12.21) and fasting blood glucose (aHR\u00a0=\u00a01.19; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.31) were associated with the fatality due to COVID-19, adjusting for potential confounders. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased disease severity and a higher risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32428087, "title": "The world haunted by Covid-19.", "journal": "An Acad Bras Cienc", "authors": ["Martelli Junior, Hercilio", "Martelli, Daniella R B", "Machado, Renato A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428087", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this time of confinement due to COVID-19 pandemic some reflections have been made e it has never been as clear as people can benefit from science. From the simple gesture of washing your hands like many others used during the quarantine, they have been identified by previous studies. In this way, we reinforce the need to maintain investments in the science."}, {"pmid": 32489152, "title": "COVID-19: A personal thank you to all perioperative practitioners and other key workers.", "journal": "J Perioper Pract", "authors": ["Quick, Julie"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489152", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342565, "pmcid": "PMC7267518", "title": "Tracheotomy in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Skoog, Hunter", "Withrow, Kirk", "Jeyarajan, Harishanker", "Greene, Benjamin", "Batra, Hitesh", "Cox, Daniel", "Pierce, Albert", "Grayson, Jessica W", "Carroll, William R"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342565", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 pandemic continues to produce a large number of patients with chronic respiratory failure and ventilator dependence. As such, surgeons will be called upon to perform tracheotomy for a subset of these chronically intubated patients. As seen during the SARS and the SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, aerosol-generating procedures (AGP) have been associated with higher rates of infection of medical personnel and potential acceleration of viral dissemination throughout the medical center. Therefore, a thoughtful approach to tracheotomy (and other AGPs) is imperative and maintaining traditional management norms may be unsuitable or even potentially harmful. We sought to review the existing evidence informing best practices and then develop straightforward guidelines for tracheotomy during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This communication is the product of those efforts and is based on national and international experience with the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the SARS epidemic of 2002/2003."}, {"pmid": 32499304, "title": "One world, one pandemic, many guidelines: management of liver diseases during COVID-19.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Bollipo, Steven", "Kapuria, Devika", "Rabiee, Atoosa", "Ben-Yakov, Gil", "Lui, Rashid N", "Lee, Hye Won", "Kumar, Goutham", "Siau, Keith", "Turnes, Juan", "Dhanasekaran, Renumathy"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499304", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522765, "title": "Will the Higher-Income Country Blueprint for COVID-19 Work in Low- and Lower Middle-Income Countries?", "journal": "Glob Health Sci Pract", "authors": ["Hodgins, Stephen", "Saad, Abdulmumin"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471655, "pmcid": "PMC7237904", "title": "Overwhelming COVID-19 Clinical Trials: Call for Prospective Meta-Analyses.", "journal": "Trends Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Ma, Zhongren", "Liu, Jiaye", "Pan, Qiuwei"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471655", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400301, "title": "Let's not forget endometriosis and infertility amid the covid-19 crisis.", "journal": "J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol", "authors": ["Rowe, Heather", "Quinlivan, Julie"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400301", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473971, "pmcid": "PMC7255751", "title": "Are there any association between COVID-19 severity and immunosuppressive therapy?", "journal": "Immunol Lett", "authors": ["Hormati, Ahmad", "Ghadir, Mohammad Reza", "Zamani, Farhad", "Khodadadi, Javad", "Khodadust, Fatemeh", "Afifian, Mahboubeh", "Aminnejad, Reza", "Ahmadpour, Sajjad"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473971", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304119, "pmcid": "PMC7264578", "title": "Tracheostomy during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Recommendations from the New York Head and Neck Society.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Miles, Brett A", "Schiff, Bradley", "Ganly, Ian", "Ow, Thomas", "Cohen, Erik", "Genden, Eric", "Culliney, Bruce", "Mehrotra, Bhoomi", "Savona, Steven", "Wong, Richard J", "Haigentz, Missak", "Caruana, Salvatore", "Givi, Babak", "Patel, Kepal", "Hu, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 and 2020 has resulted in a worldwide pandemic characterized by severe pulmonary inflammation, effusions, and rapid respiratory compromise. The result of this pandemic is a large and increasing number of patients requiring endotracheal intubation and prolonged ventilator support. The rapid rise in endotracheal intubations coupled with prolonged ventilation requirements will certainly lead to\u2009an increase in tracheostomy procedures in the coming weeks and months. Performing tracheostomy in the setting of active SARS-CoV-2, when necessary, poses a unique situation, with unique risks and benefits for both the patient and the health care providers. The New York Head and Neck Society has collaborated on this document to provide guidance on the performance of tracheostomies during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32328685, "pmcid": "PMC7178095", "title": "[Coronavirus pandemic and the future of outpatient and inpatient urology? : Subjective opinion from a \"hotspot\"].", "journal": "Urologe A", "authors": ["Klotz, T"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328685", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509286, "pmcid": "PMC7242881", "title": "Beyond handwashing: Water insecurity undermines COVID-19 response in developing areas.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Stoler, Justin", "Jepson, Wendy E", "Wutich, Amber"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509286", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520085, "title": "COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism: Do not forget the association!", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Mariano, Rachel Zerbini", "Ramos, Marcelo de Carvalho", "Reis, Fabiano"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520085", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32023680, "title": "[Suggestions for prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in otolaryngology head and neck surgery medical staff].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, K", "Lai, X Q", "Liu, Z"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023680", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has presented as a grim and complex situation recently. More than 11,000 cases of 2019-nCoV infection has been confirmed in China until February 1st 2020, which are causing great impact to economy and society, and seriously interfering with ordinary medical practice of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. This advice guideline discusses the medical protection measures required in the outpatient clinic as well as in operation ward in otolaryngology head and neck department, which aims to protect medical staff from 2019-nCoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32247584, "pmcid": "PMC7118640", "title": "The importance of designing and implementing participatory surveillance system: An approach as early detection and prevention of novel coronavirus (2019-nCov).", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad", "Janati, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247584", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446902, "pmcid": "PMC7241347", "title": "Immunoinformatic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein as a strategy to assess cross-protection against COVID-19.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Tilocca, Bruno", "Soggiu, Alessio", "Sanguinetti, Maurizio", "Babini, Gabriele", "De Maio, Flavio", "Britti, Domenico", "Zecconi, Alfonso", "Bonizzi, Luigi", "Urbani, Andrea", "Roncada, Paola"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446902", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Envelope protein of coronaviruses is a structural protein existing in both monomeric and homo-pentameric form. It has been related to a multitude of roles including virus infection, replication, dissemination and immune response stimulation. In the present study, we employed an immunoinformatic approach to investigate the major immunogenic domains of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein and map them among the homologue proteins of coronaviruses with tropism for animal species that are closely inter-related with the human beings population all over the world. Also, when not available, we predicted the envelope protein structural folding and mapped SARS-CoV-2 epitopes. Envelope sequences alignment provides evidence of high sequence homology for some of the investigated virus specimens; while the structural mapping of epitopes resulted in the interesting maintenance of the structural folding and epitope sequence localization also in the envelope proteins scoring a lower alignment score. In line with the One-Health approach, our evidences provide a molecular structural rationale for a potential role of taxonomically related coronaviruses in conferring protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and identifying potential candidates for the development of diagnostic tools and prophylactic-oriented strategies."}, {"pmid": 32320477, "pmcid": "PMC7264731", "title": "Chloroquine Dosing Recommendations for Pediatric COVID-19 Supported by Modeling and Simulation.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Verscheijden, Laurens F M", "van der Zanden, Tjitske M", "van Bussel, Lianne P M", "de Hoop-Sommen, Marika", "Russel, Frans G M", "Johnson, Trevor N", "de Wildt, Saskia N"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320477", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As chloroquine (CHQ) is part of the Dutch Centre for Infectious Disease Control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experimental treatment guideline, pediatric dosing guidelines are needed. Recent pediatric data suggest that existing World Health Organization (WHO) dosing guidelines for children with malaria are suboptimal. The aim of our study was to establish best-evidence to inform pediatric CHQ doses for children infected with COVID-19. A previously developed physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK)\u00a0model for CHQ was used to simulate exposure in adults and children and verified against published pharmacokinetic data. The COVID-19 recommended adult dosage regimen of 44\u00a0mg/kg total was tested in adults and children to evaluate the extent of variation in exposure. Based on differences in area under the concentration-time curve from zero to 70 hours (AUC0-70h ) the optimal CHQ dose was determined in children of different ages compared with adults. Revised doses were re-introduced into the model to verify that overall CHQ exposure in each age band was within 5% of the predicted adult value. Simulations showed differences in drug exposure in children of different ages and adults when the same body-weight based dose is given. As such, we propose the following total cumulative doses: 35\u00a0mg/kg (CHQ base) for children 0-1\u00a0month, 47\u00a0mg/kg for 1-6\u00a0months, 55\u00a0mg/kg for 6\u00a0months-12\u00a0years, and 44\u00a0mg/kg for adolescents and adults, not to exceed 3,300\u00a0mg in any patient. Our study supports age-adjusted CHQ dosing in children with COVID-19 in order to avoid suboptimal or toxic doses. The knowledge-driven, model-informed dose selection paradigm can serve as a science-based alternative to recommend pediatric dosing when pediatric clinical trial data is absent."}, {"pmid": 32359098, "pmcid": "PMC7267266", "title": "Delay in OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Perspectives from a Virus Hotspot.", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Ali, Ashhar"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359098", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly changed our practice of medicine. With our collective resources and attention focused on caring for those afflicted with the disease, other medical conditions have temporarily but understandably faced constraint. For migraine patients who often require in-person visits for infusions and procedures, this has become particularly challenging. Here, we share our experience in navigating this exigency amidst a local surge of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32424786, "pmcid": "PMC7234441", "title": "Trends in Ambulatory Electronic Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Phadke, Neelam A", "Del Carmen, Marcela G", "Goldstein, Susan A", "Vagle, Jacqueline", "Hidrue, Michael K", "Botti, Eirian Siegal", "Wasfy, Jason H"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424786", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490304, "pmcid": "PMC7241550", "title": "Guide to forensic pathology practice for death cases related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Trial draft).", "journal": "Forensic Sci Res", "authors": ["Mao, Danmi", "Zhou, Nan", "Zheng, Da", "Yue, Jiacheng", "Zhao, Qianhao", "Luo, Bin", "Guan, Dawei", "Zhou, Yiwu", "Hu, Bingjie", "Cheng, Jianding"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490304", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Autopsy is of great significance for elucidating the pathological changes, pathogenesis and cause of death of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can provide a theoretical basis for scientific and accurate prevention and control of its outbreak. Based on related laws and regulations, such as the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 and guidelines on the prevention and control of this epidemic, combined with the practical work of forensic pathology examinations, we developed the Guide to Forensic Pathology Practice for Death Cases Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Trial Draft). This guide describes the background investigation of the death cases, autopsy room requirements, personal prevention and protections, external examinations, autopsy practices and auxiliary examinations, and thus offers a reference for forensic and pathological examination institutions and staff."}, {"pmid": 32393502, "pmcid": "PMC7219630", "title": "Protecting the health of doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Majeed, Azeem", "Molokhia, Mariam", "Pankhania, Bharat", "Asanati, Kaveh"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393502", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366162, "title": "Access to Telemedicine-Are We Doing All That We Can during the COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Rajasekaran, Karthik"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366162", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in physicians having to switch from in office visits to telemedicine. Unfortunately, physicians and patients did not have adequate time to anticipate barriers to its implementation. Over the last month, one of the major problems has been patient access to telemedicine. Many patients do not own a smartphone or have broadband access. This \"digital divide\" is not fair to our patients in need-especially those with a cancer diagnosis. Patients deserve access to care. We need to implore insurance companies to provide tablets with wireless capabilities to patients in need."}, {"pmid": 32273262, "title": "Covid-19: Staff at Nightingale Hospital in London get wellbeing area courtesy of John Lewis.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273262", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325393, "pmcid": "PMC7165078", "title": "Letter to the editor in response to article: \"Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 epidemic (Gupta et al.).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Hussain, Akhtar", "do Vale Moreira, Nayla Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325393", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530870, "title": "Rapid Review: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents and Aminosalicylates in COVID-19 Infections.", "journal": "J Clin Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Ehrenpreis, Eli D", "Kruchko, David H"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530870", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current COVID-19 pandemic, there has been concern regarding the use of ibuprofen and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents by COVID-19 infected patients. Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs) are structurally similar and have anti-inflammatory functions that resemble those of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Since 5-ASAs are a mainstay treatment for inflammatory bowel disease, the authors review the pharmacology of both classes of drugs and discuss the potential relevance of 5-ASAs in the ongoing discussion of medication use in patients infected with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32113846, "pmcid": "PMC7102521", "title": "In silico screening of Chinese herbal medicines with the potential to directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "J Integr Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Deng-Hai", "Wu, Kun-Lun", "Zhang, Xue", "Deng, Sheng-Qiong", "Peng, Bin"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113846", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study we execute a rational screen to identify Chinese medical herbs that are commonly used in treating viral respiratory infections and also contain compounds that might directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), an ongoing novel coronavirus that causes pneumonia. There were two main steps in the screening process. In the first step we conducted a literature search for natural compounds that had been biologically confirmed as against sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus or Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Resulting compounds were cross-checked for listing in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database. Compounds meeting both requirements were subjected to absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) evaluation to verify that oral administration would be effective. Next, a docking analysis was used to test whether the compound had the potential for direct 2019-nCoV protein interaction. In the second step we searched Chinese herbal databases to identify plants containing the selected compounds. Plants containing 2 or more of the compounds identified in our screen were then checked against the catalogue for classic herbal usage. Finally, network pharmacology analysis was used to predict the general in vivo effects of each selected herb. Of the natural compounds screened, 13 that exist in traditional Chinese medicines were also found to have potential anti-2019-nCoV activity. Further, 125 Chinese herbs were found to contain 2 or more of these 13 compounds. Of these 125 herbs, 26 are classically catalogued as treating viral respiratory infections. Network pharmacology analysis predicted that the general in vivo roles of these 26 herbal plants were related to regulating viral infection, immune/inflammation reactions and hypoxia response. Chinese herbal treatments classically used for treating viral respiratory infection might contain direct anti-2019-nCoV compounds."}, {"pmid": 32491074, "title": "COVID-19 and Hypercoagulable State: A New Therapeutic Perspective.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Nascimento, Jorge Henrique Paiter", "Gomes, Bruno Ferraz de Oliveira", "Carmo Junior, Plinio Resende do", "Petriz, Joao Luiz Fernandes", "Rizk, Stephanie Itala", "Costa, Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva", "Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius Guimaraes", "Bacal, Fernando", "Hajjar, Ludhmila Abrahao", "Oliveira, Glaucia Maria Moraes de"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491074", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470198, "title": "Clinical differentiation of anticoagulant and non-anticoagulant properties of heparin.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470198", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I thank Lindahl and Li for their thoughtful comments on the non-anticoagulant properties of heparin.1 Heightened awareness of hypercoagulability has made heparin part and parcel of the COVID-19 management algorithms. In addition, reports of prophylactic anticoagulation failure have triggered several trials where escalated doses of heparin are compared with standard doses with the aim of preventing thrombotic complications. At this juncture, we do need to consider where do the non-anticoagulant properties of heparin fit in the COVID-19 clinical context?"}, {"pmid": 32245876, "title": "Looking out for yourself and those around you.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245876", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32425247, "pmcid": "PMC7231738", "title": "Surgical Outcomes after Systematic Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 Screening.", "journal": "Surgery", "authors": ["Tilmans, Gilles", "Chenevas-Paule, Quentin", "Muller, Xavier", "Breton, Antoine", "Mohkam, Kayvan", "Ducerf, Christian", "Mabrut, Jean-Yves", "Lesurtel, Mickael"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425247", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic this study showed feasibility and efficacy of systematic preoperative screening for SARS-CoV-2 by chest CT and RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs. This screening strategy allowed performing safely the majority of scheduled oncological interventions."}, {"pmid": 32497852, "pmcid": "PMC7263210", "title": "Traumatic non-missile penetrating transnasal anterior skull-base fracture and brain injury with cerebrospinal fluid leak: intraoperative leak detection and an effective reconstruction procedure for a localized skull base defect especially after COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Yoneoka, Yuichiro", "Aizawa, Naotaka", "Nonomura, Yoriko", "Ogi, Manabu", "Seki, Yasuhiro", "Akiyama, Katsuhiko"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cerebrospinal fluid leakage in penetrating skull base injury is relatively rare compared to close head injury involving skull base fracture. We report a case of a 65-year-old beekeeping man who presented with epistaxis and serous rhinorrhea. When he fell down on the ground near his bee boxes, a garden pole poked into his right nostril. He instantly removed the pole from his nostril by himself. Immediately after the removal of the pole, he developed some nasal bleeding and serous rhinorrhea. He then drove to our emergency room. Computed tomography showed pneumocephalus with minor cerebral contusion in the left frontal lobe, and penetrating injury in the left anterior skull base. His cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage did not resolve spontaneously within one week after the injury under a strict bed rest. We repaired the CSF leakage using a fat (adipose tissue)-on-fascia autograft plug and caulked the defect in the anterior skull base with the fat-on-fascia graft (FFG) plug through the left nostril under endoscopic vision. The CSF rhinorrhea was successfully controlled. Intranasal local application of fluorescein aided in the detection of the flow direction of CSF leakage. Endonasal endoscopic caulking of a skull base defect using FFG plug is useful for CSF leakage due to localized skull base defect, in particular for the post-COVID-19 era, because it is simple, low-cost, and timesaving: requiring no special skills or no sophisticated instruments, thus reducing infection risks during the surgery. (239 words)."}, {"pmid": 32447193, "pmcid": "PMC7236667", "title": "COVID-19 related neuroimaging findings: A signal of thromboembolic complications and a strong prognostic marker of poor patient outcome.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Jain, Rajan", "Young, Matthew", "Dogra, Siddhant", "Kennedy, Helena", "Nguyen, Vinh", "Jones, Simon", "Bilaloglu, Seda", "Hochman, Katherine", "Raz, Eytan", "Galetta, Steven", "Horwtiz, Leora"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447193", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the incidence and spectrum of neuroimaging findings and their prognostic role in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in New York City. This is a retrospective cohort study of 3218 COVID-19 confirmed patients admitted to a major healthcare system (three hospitals) in New York City between March 1, 2020 and April 13, 2020. Clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records, and particularly data of all neurological symptoms were extracted from the imaging reports. Four neuroradiologists evaluated all neuroimaging studies for acute neuroimaging findings related to COVID-19. 14.1% of admitted COVID-19 patients had neuroimaging and this accounted for only 5.5% of the total imaging studies. Acute stroke was the most common finding on neuro-imaging, seen in 92.5% of patients with positive neuro-imaging studies, and present in 1.1% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Patients with acute large ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke had much higher mortality risk adjusted for age, BMI and hypertension compared to those COVID-19 patients without neuroimaging. (Odds Ratio 6.02 by LR; Hazard Ratio 2.28 by CRR). Our study demonstrates acute stroke is the most common neuroimaging finding among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Detection of an acute stroke is a strong prognostic marker of poor outcome. Our study also highlights the fact there is limited use of neuroimaging in these patients due to multiple logistical constraints."}, {"pmid": 32511680, "title": "Anthony Fauci, MD, on COVID-19 Vaccines, Schools, and Larry Kramer.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Abbasi, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511680", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377965, "pmcid": "PMC7202265", "title": "The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality.", "journal": "Aging Clin Exp Res", "authors": ["Ilie, Petre Cristian", "Stefanescu, Simina", "Smith, Lee"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377965", "countries": ["Switzerland", "Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "WHO declared SARS-CoV-2 a global pandemic. The present aim was to propose an hypothesis that there is a potential association between mean levels of vitamin D in various countries with cases and mortality caused by COVID-19. The mean levels of vitamin D for 20 European countries and morbidity and mortality caused by COVID-19 were acquired. Negative correlations between mean levels of vitamin D (average 56\u00a0mmol/L, STDEV 10.61) in each country and the number of COVID-19 cases/1\u00a0M (mean 295.95, STDEV 298.7, and mortality/1\u00a0M (mean 5.96, STDEV 15.13) were observed. Vitamin D levels are severely low in the aging population especially in Spain, Italy and Switzerland. This is also the most vulnerable group of the population in relation to COVID-19. It should be advisable to perform dedicated studies about vitamin D levels in COVID-19 patients with different degrees of disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32312767, "title": "Covid-19 is an opportunity for gender equality within the workplace and at home.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wenham, Clare", "Smith, Julia", "Morgan, Rosemary"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312767", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217117, "pmcid": "PMC7102583", "title": "COVID-19: Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Zhang, Rui", "Wang, Xuebin", "Ni, Leng", "Di, Xiao", "Ma, Baitao", "Niu, Shuai", "Liu, Changwei", "Reiter, Russel J"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217117", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article summarizes the likely benefits of melatonin in the attenuation of COVID-19 based on its putative pathogenesis. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has become a pandemic with tens of thousands of infected patients. Based on clinical features, pathology, the pathogenesis of acute respiratory disorder induced by either highly homogenous coronaviruses or other pathogens, the evidence suggests that excessive inflammation, oxidation, and an exaggerated immune response very likely contribute to COVID-19 pathology. This leads to a cytokine storm and subsequent progression to acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and often death. Melatonin, a well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative molecule, is protective against ALI/ARDS caused by viral and other pathogens. Melatonin is effective in critical care patients by reducing vessel permeability, anxiety, sedation use, and improving sleeping quality, which might also be beneficial for better clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Notably, melatonin has a high safety profile. There is significant data showing that melatonin limits virus-related diseases and would also likely be beneficial in COVID-19 patients. Additional experiments and clinical studies are required to confirm this speculation."}, {"pmid": 32351121, "title": "Evidence for Use or Disuse of Renin-Angiotensin System Modulators in Patients Having COVID-19 With an Underlying Cardiorenal Disorder.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Sankrityayan, Himanshu", "Kale, Ajinath", "Sharma, Nisha", "Anders, Hans-Joachim", "Gaikwad, Anil Bhanudas"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351121", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has been declared pandemic by World Health Organization due to an exponential rise in the number of infected and deceased persons across the globe. Emerging reports suggest that susceptibility and mortality rates are higher in patients with certain comorbidities when compared to the average population. Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are important risk factors for a lethal outcome of COVID-19. Extensive research ensuing the outbreak of coronavirus-related severe acute respiratory syndrome in the year 2003, and COVID-19 recently revealed a role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in the entry of coronavirus wherein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) had garnered the significant attention. This raises the question whether the use of RAS inhibitors, the backbone of treatment of cardiovascular, neurovascular, and kidney diseases could increase the susceptibility for coronavirus infection or unfortunate outcomes of COVID-19. Thus, currently, there is a lack of consensus regarding the effects of RAS inhibitors in such patients. Moreover, expert bodies like American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and so on have now released official statements that RAS inhibitors must be continued, unless suggested otherwise by a physician. In this brief review, we will elaborate on the role of RAS and ACE2 in pathogenesis of COVID-19. Moreover, we will discuss the potential effect of the use and disuse of RAS inhibitors in patients having COVID-19 with cardiometabolic comorbidities."}, {"pmid": 32391384, "pmcid": "PMC7191060", "title": "COVID and the Renin-Angiotensin System: Are Hypertension or Its Treatments Deleterious?", "journal": "Front Cardiovasc Med", "authors": ["Zores, Florian", "Rebeaud, Mathieu E"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391384", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437681, "pmcid": "PMC7238978", "title": "What Is the Role for Algorithmics and Computational Biology in Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Cell Syst", "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437681", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We asked speakers from the Annual International Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology (RECOMB) about how computational biology as a discipline is being affected by COVID-19 and how the expertise of their community can help in the global response to the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32509257, "pmcid": "PMC7267809", "title": "SARS-CoV-2, \"common cold\" coronaviruses' cross-reactivity and \"herd immunity\": The razor of Ockham (1285-1347)?", "journal": "Infect Dis Rep", "authors": ["Petrosillo, Nicola"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509257", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388547, "pmcid": "PMC7224688", "title": "Plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: novel biomarker in heart failure with implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Oudit, Gavin Y", "Pfeffer, Marc A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388547", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407051, "title": "Hyper-immune/convalescent plasma: an old option and a valid strategy for treatment of COVID-19?", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Saverino, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407051", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, there are no approved specific antiviral agents for novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Hyper-immune/convalescent plasma derived from recently recovered donors seems to be useful to treat COVID-19 patients, an addition to maximal supportive care and antiviral agents. The endpoints are the improvement of clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters of these patients. However, the efficacy of hyper-immune/convalescent plasma treatment for severe infectious diseases is still controversial. The optimal dose and time point, as well as the clinical benefit of hyper- immune/convalescent plasma therapy, needs further investigation in larger well-controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32352491, "pmcid": "PMC7193526", "title": "Second-Trimester Miscarriage in a Pregnant Woman With SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Baud, David", "Greub, Gilbert", "Favre, Guillaume", "Gengler, Carole", "Jaton, Katia", "Dubruc, Estelle", "Pomar, Leo"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352491", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369613, "title": "Effectiveness of a COVID-19 screening questionnaire for pregnant women at admission to an obstetric unit in Milan.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Tassis, Beatrice", "Lunghi, Giovanna", "Frattaruolo, Maria P", "Ruggiero, Marta", "Somigliana, Edgardo", "Ferrazzi, Enrico"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369613", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211765, "pmcid": "PMC7184487", "title": "Inflammatory bowel disease care in the COVID-19 pandemic era: the Humanitas, Milan experience.", "journal": "J Crohns Colitis", "authors": ["Fiorino, Gionata", "Allocca, Mariangela", "Furfaro, Federica", "Gilardi, Daniela", "Zilli, Alessandra", "Radice, Simona", "Spinelli, Antonino", "Danese, Silvio"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211765", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the COVID-19 caused by Coronavirus SARS-CoV2, is rapidly spreading worldwide. This is the first pandemic caused by a Coronavirus in history. More than 150,000 confirmed cases worldwide are reported by the SARS-CoV2, with more than 5,000 COVID-19-related deaths on March 14th, 2020. Fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, generalized myalgia, malaise, drowsy, diarrhoea, confusion, dyspnoea, and bilateral interstitial pneumonia are the common symptoms. No therapies are available, and the only way to contain the virus spread is to regularly and thoroughly clean oneself hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water, to maintain at least 1 metre (3 feet) distance from anyone who is coughing or sneezing, to avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth, and to stay home if one feels unwell. No data are available on the risk of COVID-19 and outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Outbreak restrictions can impact on the IBD care. We aim to give a viewpoint on how operationally manage IBD patients ensuring quality of care in the current pandemic era."}, {"pmid": 32298802, "pmcid": "PMC7153528", "title": "A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Wang, Cuiyan", "Pan, Riyu", "Wan, Xiaoyang", "Tan, Yilin", "Xu, Linkang", "McIntyre, Roger S", "Choo, Faith N", "Tran, Bach", "Ho, Roger", "Sharma, Vijay K", "Ho, Cyrus"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298802", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In addition to being a public physical health emergency, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected global mental health, as evidenced by panic-buying worldwide as cases soared. Little is known about changes in levels of psychological impact, stress, anxiety and depression during this pandemic. This longitudinal study surveyed the general population twice - during the initial outbreak, and the epidemic's peak four weeks later, surveying demographics, symptoms, knowledge, concerns, and precautionary measures against COVID-19. There were 1738 respondents from 190 Chinese cities (1210 first-survey respondents, 861\u00a0s-survey respondents; 333 respondents participated in both). Psychological impact and mental health status were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), respectively. IES-R measures PTSD symptoms in survivorship after an event. DASS -21 is based on tripartite model of psychopathology that comprise a general distress construct with distinct characteristics. This study found that there was a statistically significant longitudinal reduction in mean IES-R scores (from 32.98 to 30.76, p\u00a0<\u00a00.01) after 4\u00a0weeks. Nevertheless, the mean IES-R score of the first- and second-survey respondents were above the cut-off scores (>24) for PTSD symptoms, suggesting that the reduction in scores was not clinically significant. During the initial evaluation, moderate-to-severe stress, anxiety and depression were noted in 8.1%, 28.8% and 16.5%, respectively and there were no significant longitudinal changes in stress, anxiety and depression levels (p\u00a0>\u00a00.05). Protective factors included high level of confidence in doctors, perceived survival likelihood and low risk of contracting COVID-19, satisfaction with health information, personal precautionary measures. As countries around the world brace for an escalation in cases, Governments should focus on effective methods of disseminating unbiased COVID-19 knowledge, teaching correct containment methods, ensuring availability of essential services/commodities, and providing sufficient financial support."}, {"pmid": 32393532, "title": "Exit strategy to control covid-19 and relaunch the economy.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bowie, Cam", "Hill, Tony"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393532", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522741, "title": "Biologics, spondylitis and COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Rosenbaum, James Todd", "Hamilton, Hedley", "Choi, Dongseok", "Weisman, Michael H", "Reveille, John D", "Winthrop, Kevin L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522741", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382358, "pmcid": "PMC7204191", "title": "COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: May Old Anti-diabetic Agents Become the New Philosopher's Stone?", "journal": "Diabetes Ther", "authors": ["Penlioglou, Theano", "Papachristou, Stella", "Papanas, Nikolaos"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382358", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus infectious disease (COVID-19) is a new pandemic. In subjects with diabetes mellitus, infection may be more frequent and severe. We discuss the potential contribution of two traditional oral antidiabetic agents, metformin and pioglitazone, to the improvement of liver injury in COVID-19. Clearly, further experience is needed to shed light on these hypotheses."}, {"pmid": 32325120, "pmcid": "PMC7194686", "title": "The reproductive number R0 of COVID-19 in Peru: An opportunity for effective changes.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Torres-Roman, J Smith", "Kobiak, Ilia Cabos", "Valcarcel, Bryan", "Diaz-Velez, Cristian", "La Vecchia, Carlo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325120", "countries": ["Peru"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32058570, "pmcid": "PMC7042807", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Infection in Hospitalized Infants Under 1 Year of Age in China.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Wei, Min", "Yuan, Jingping", "Liu, Yu", "Fu, Tao", "Yu, Xue", "Zhang, Zhi-Jiang"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32058570", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247323, "pmcid": "PMC7163179", "title": "Monitoring behavioural insights related to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Betsch, Cornelia", "Wieler, Lothar H", "Habersaat, Katrine"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247323", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404640, "pmcid": "PMC7268826", "title": "Usefulness of telerehabilitation for stroke patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Chang, Min Cheol", "Boudier-Reveret, Mathieu"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404640", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259394, "pmcid": "PMC7207154", "title": "COVID-19, chronicle of an expected pandemic.", "journal": "EMBO Mol Med", "authors": ["Sansonetti, Philippe J"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259394", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "What is COVID-19? What are the causes, parameters, and effects of this disease? What are the short- and long-term prospects? Philippe Sansonetti, Infectious disease specialist and Chief Editor of EMBO Molecular Medicine, explains why the fate of the epidemic is in our hands."}, {"pmid": 32367471, "pmcid": "PMC7196627", "title": "Venous thromboembolism and heparin use in COVID-19 patients: juggling between pragmatic choices, suggestions of medical societies and the lack of guidelines.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Porfidia, Angelo", "Pola, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367471", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422123, "pmcid": "PMC7228688", "title": "Use of herbal drugs to treat COVID-19 should be with caution.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Yang, Yichang"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422123", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425366, "pmcid": "PMC7229924", "title": "Comment on 'Reorganisation of medical oncology departments during the novel coronavirus disease-19 pandemic: A nationwide Italian survey' by Alice Indini et al.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Bongiovanni, Alberto", "Mercatali, Laura", "Fausti, Valentina", "Ibrahim, Toni"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425366", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515675, "title": "Neurological Involvement of COVID-19 Patients: Making the Most of MRI.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Purcell, Yvonne", "Lecler, Augustin", "Saragoussi, Edouard", "Poiron, Emilie", "Poillon, Guillaume", "Savatovsky, Julien"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515675", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442561, "pmcid": "PMC7237372", "title": "COVID-19 in Liver Transplant Recipients: An Initial Experience from the U.S. Epicenter.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Lee, Brian T", "Perumalswami, Ponni V", "Im, Gene Y", "Florman, Sander", "Schiano, Thomas D"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442561", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286121, "title": "COVID-19: Driving while looking in the rear-view mirror.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Ashton, John"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286121", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358956, "pmcid": "PMC7197530", "title": "Longitudinal Change of SARS-Cov2 Antibodies in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Guoxin", "Nie, Shuke", "Zhang, Zhaohui", "Zhang, Zhentao"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358956", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has recently emerged and caused the rapid spread of COVID-19 worldwide. We did a retrospective study and included COVID-19 patients admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between February 1 and February 29, 2020. Antibody assay was conducted to detect COVID-19 envelope protein E and nucleocapsid protein N antigen. 112 patients were recruited with symptoms of fever, cough, fatigue, myalgia, and diarrhoea. All patients underwent antibody tests. Fifty-eight (51.79%) were positive for both IgM and IgG, 7 (6.25%) were negative for both antibodies, 1 (0.89%) was positive for only IgM, and 46 (41.07%) were positive for only IgG. IgM antibody appeared within a week post disease onset, and lasted for one month and gradually decreased, while IgG antibody was produced 10 days after infection, and lasted for a longer time. However, no significant difference in level of IgM and IgG antibody between positive and negative patients of nucleic acid test after treatment was found. Our results indicate that serological tests could be powerful approach for the early diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32379417, "pmcid": "PMC7241737", "title": "Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Entry Proteins, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, in Cells of the Olfactory Epithelium: Identification of Cell Types and Trends with Age.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Bilinska, Katarzyna", "Jakubowska, Patrycja", "Von Bartheld, Christopher S", "Butowt, Rafal"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379417", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic revealed that there is a loss of smell in many patients, including in infected but otherwise asymptomatic individuals. The underlying mechanisms for the olfactory symptoms are unclear. Using a mouse model, we determined whether cells in the olfactory epithelium express the obligatory receptors for entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by using RNAseq, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry. We show that the cell surface protein ACE2 and the protease TMPRSS2 are expressed in sustentacular cells of the olfactory epithelium but not, or much less, in most olfactory receptor neurons. These data suggest that sustentacular cells are involved in SARS-CoV-2 virus entry and impairment of the sense of smell in COVID-19 patients. We also show that expression of the entry proteins increases in animals of old age. This may explain, if true also in humans, why individuals of older age are more susceptible to the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32360448, "pmcid": "PMC7194898", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 positivity in a discharged COVID-19 patient: a case report.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Li, J", "Long, X", "Fang, X", "Zhang, Q", "Hu, S", "Lin, Z", "Xiong, N"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360448", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238351, "title": "Socioeconomic gradient in health and the covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Chung, Roger Yat-Nork", "Dong, Dong", "Li, Minnie Ming"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238351", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437934, "pmcid": "PMC7211644", "title": "Use of anakinra in severe COVID-19: a case report.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Filocamo, Giovanni", "Mangioni, Davide", "Tagliabue, Paola", "Aliberti, Stefano", "Costantino, Giorgio", "Minoia, Francesca", "Bandera, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437934", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 19 is a global healthcare emergency with high lethality rate. Relevant inflammatory cytokine storm is associated with severity of disease and IL1 inhibition is a cornerstone treatment for hyperinflammatory diseases. We present here the case of a patient with critical COVID-19 successfully treated with IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra)."}, {"pmid": 32142930, "pmcid": "PMC7125936", "title": "Insights into the cross-species evolution of 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Jiahao", "Jia, Weixin", "Zhu, Junhai", "Li, Bo", "Xing, Jinchao", "Liao, Ming", "Qi, Wenbao"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142930", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362647, "title": "Severe acute respiratory illness surveillance for coronavirus disease 2019, India, 2020.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Gupta, Nivedita", "Praharaj, Ira", "Bhatnagar, Tarun", "Vivian Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley", "Giri, Sidhartha", "Chauhan, Himanshu", "Kulkarni, Sanket", "Murhekar, Manoj", "Singh, Sujeet", "Gangakhedkar, Raman R", "Bhargava, Balram"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362647", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sentinel surveillance among severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients can help identify the spread and extent of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARI surveillance was initiated in the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in India. We describe here the positivity for COVID-19 among SARI patients and their characteristics. SARI patients admitted at 41 sentinel sites from February 15, 2020 onwards were tested for COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, targeting E and RdRp genes of SARS-CoV-2. Data were extracted from Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory Network for analysis. A total of 104 (1.8%) of the 5,911 SARI patients tested were positive for COVID-19. These cases were reported from 52 districts in 20 States/Union Territories. The COVID-19 positivity was higher among males and patients aged above 50 years. In all, 40 (39.2%) COVID-19 cases did not report any history of contact with a known case or international travel. COVID-19 containment activities need to be targeted in districts reporting COVID-19 cases among SARI patients. Intensifying sentinel surveillance for COVID-19 among SARI patients may be an efficient tool to effectively use resources towards containment and mitigation efforts."}, {"pmid": 32414748, "pmcid": "PMC7234868", "title": "Gendered implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for policies and programmes in humanitarian settings.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Fuhrman, Sarah", "Kalyanpur, Anushka", "Friedman, Susannah", "Tran, Nguyen Toan"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414748", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423975, "title": "Decontamination of respirators in the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Loh, Miranda", "Cherrie, John W", "Aitken, Robert J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423975", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184205, "title": "Covid-19: UK starts social distancing after new model points to 260 000 potential deaths.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184205", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223581, "pmcid": "PMC7201197", "title": "International Perspectives Concerning Donor Milk Banking During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Hum Lact", "authors": ["Marinelli, Kathleen A"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223581", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504462, "title": "COVID-19, Quarantines, Sheltering-in-Place, and Human Rights: The Developing Crisis.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Openshaw, John J", "Travassos, Mark A"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504462", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 has spread across the globe, quarantines and sheltering-in-place orders have become important public health tools but, as currently implemented, have eroded human rights, particularly for the marginalized, including essential workers, detainees, women, and children. Quarantines and sheltering-in-place orders must include explicit guarantees of human rights protections. We outline protections for the quarantined that communities and governments should strive to guarantee."}, {"pmid": 32518340, "title": "After COVID-19, green investment must deliver jobs to get political traction.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Hanna, Ryan", "Xu, Yangyang", "Victor, David G"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518340", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32027848, "pmcid": "PMC7130021", "title": "Coronavirus in China.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Burki, Talha Khan"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32027848", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217525, "title": "Italian doctors call for protecting healthcare workers and boosting community surveillance during covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Anelli, Filippo", "Leoni, Giovanni", "Monaco, Roberto", "Nume, Cosimo", "Rossi, Roberto Carlo", "Marinoni, Guido", "Spata, Gianluigi", "De Giorgi, Donato", "Peccarisi, Luigi", "Miani, Alessandro", "Burgio, Ernesto", "Gentile, Ivan", "Colao, Annamaria", "Triassi, Maria", "Piscitelli, Prisco"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217525", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426693, "pmcid": "PMC7232926", "title": "Nursing homes and the elderly regarding the COVID-19 pandemic: situation report from Hungary.", "journal": "Geroscience", "authors": ["Kemenesi, Gabor", "Kornya, Laszlo", "Toth, Gabor Endre", "Kurucz, Kornelia", "Zeghbib, Safia", "Somogyi, Balazs A", "Zoldi, Viktor", "Urban, Peter", "Herczeg, Robert", "Jakab, Ferenc"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426693", "countries": ["Hungary"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is significant in terms of public health effects and its long-term socio-economic implications. Among all social groups, the elderly is by far the most affected age group regarding morbidity and mortality. In multiple countries spanning several continents, there are an increasing number of reports referencing the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) spread among nursing homes. These areas are now recognized as potent hotspots regarding the pandemic, which one considers with special regard. Herein, we present currently available data of fatal COVID-19 cases throughout Hungary, along with the analysis of the co-morbidity network. We also report on viral genomic data originating from a nursing home resident. The genomic data was used for viral haplotype network analysis. We emphasize the urgent need for public health authorities to focus on nursing homes and residential service units worldwide, especially in the care of the elderly and infirmed. Our results further emphasize the recent statement released by the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding the vulnerability among seniors and especially the high risk of COVID-19 emergence throughout nursing and social homes."}, {"pmid": 32432912, "title": "Rapid Deployment of Home PACS Workstations to Enable Social Distancing in the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Era.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Tridandapani, Srini", "Holl, Greg", "Canon, Cheri L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. Social distancing is considered an effective mitigation strategy for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and remote interpretation of radiologic studies is one approach to social distancing within the radiology department. We describe the rapid deployment of home workstations to achieve social distancing in the radiology department at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. CONCLUSION. Transitioning from on-site interpretation to remote interpretation requires a careful balancing of hospital and departmental finances, engineering choices, and educational and philosophical workflow issues."}, {"pmid": 32427361, "title": "4 Cases: HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Co-infection in patients from Long Island, New York.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Benkovic, Scott", "Kim, Michelle", "Sin, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427361", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Originating from Wuhan, China, the novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading worldwide since the end of 2019. The most common features of these patients include fever, cough, myalgia or fatigue [1]. As of April 16, 2020 the CDC has reported 605,390 cases and 24,582 deaths in the United States. The illness continues to spread through the world infecting people with various different comorbid conditions. Presented here are four cases which represent some of the first cases of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in Long Island, New York. These HIV infected patients were compliant with their HIV medication regimen and had robust CD4 T cell counts. The clinical severity ranged from mild to requiring hospitalization. Three of the four patients had fever and two had cough. One patient presented with diarrhea, the incidence rate of diarrhea in SARS-CoV-2 infection range from 2% to 50% of cases [4]. One patient had anosmia and aguesia, in a study by Moein et al, the 98% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patient experienced some smell dysfunction [5]. One patient required hospitalization however this patient was also infected with influenza A. These cases suggest that uncomplicated cases of SARS-CoV-2 in an HIV infected patient can be managed with self-isolation at home. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32179890, "pmcid": "PMC7184482", "title": "Risk Factors of Healthcare Workers with Corona Virus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Designated Hospital of Wuhan in China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ran, Li", "Chen, Xuyu", "Wang, Ying", "Wu, Wenwen", "Zhang, Ling", "Tan, Xiaodong"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179890", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in Wuhan, China has caused many healthcare workers (HCWs) infected. Seventy-two HCWs manifested with acute respiratory illness were retrospectively enrolled to analyze the risk factors. The high-risk department, longer duty hours, and suboptimal hand hygiene after contacting with patients were linked to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32507611, "title": "[COVID-19: Quarantine, isolation, social distancing and lockdown: Are they the same?]", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Sanchez-Villena, Andy Rick", "de La Fuente-Figuerola, Valeria"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507611", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353252, "pmcid": "PMC7189862", "title": "Development of CRISPR as an Antiviral Strategy to Combat SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Abbott, Timothy R", "Dhamdhere, Girija", "Liu, Yanxia", "Lin, Xueqiu", "Goudy, Laine", "Zeng, Leiping", "Chemparathy, Augustine", "Chmura, Stephen", "Heaton, Nicholas S", "Debs, Robert", "Pande, Tara", "Endy, Drew", "La Russa, Marie F", "Lewis, David B", "Qi, Lei S"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353252", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has highlighted the need for antiviral approaches that can target emerging viruses with no effective vaccines or pharmaceuticals. Here, we demonstrate a CRISPR-Cas13-based strategy, PAC-MAN (prophylactic antiviral CRISPR in human cells), for viral inhibition that can effectively degrade RNA from SARS-CoV-2 sequences and live influenza A virus (IAV) in human lung epithelial cells. We designed and screened CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) targeting conserved viral regions and identified functional crRNAs targeting SARS-CoV-2. This approach effectively reduced H1N1 IAV load in respiratory epithelial cells. Our bioinformatic analysis showed that a group of only six crRNAs can target more than 90% of all coronaviruses. With the development of a safe and effective system for respiratory tract delivery, PAC-MAN has the potential to become an important pan-coronavirus inhibition strategy."}, {"pmid": 32466251, "title": "Depression and Anxiety in Hong Kong during COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Choi, Edmond Pui Hang", "Hui, Bryant Pui Hung", "Wan, Eric Yuk Fai"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466251", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been three months since the first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hong Kong, and people now have a more complete picture of the extent of the pandemic. Therefore, it is time to evaluate the impacts of COVID-19 on mental health. The current population-based study aimed to evaluate the depression and anxiety of people in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents were randomly recruited and asked to complete a structured questionnaire, including the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), the global rating of change scale and items related to COVID-19. Of the 500 respondents included in the study, 19% had depression (PHQ-9 score \u2265 10) and 14% had anxiety (GAD score \u2265 10). In addition, 25.4% reported that their mental health had deteriorated since the pandemic. Multiple logistic regression analysis found that not experiencing the SARS outbreak in 2003, being worried about being infected by COVID-19, being bothered by having not enough surgical masks and being bothered by not being able to work from home were associated with a poorer mental health status. Psychological support, such as brief, home-based psychological interventions, should be provided to citizens during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32266965, "pmcid": "PMC7262153", "title": "COVID-19 precautions: easier said than done when patients are homeless.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Wood, Lisa J", "Davies, Andrew P", "Khan, Zana"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266965", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512357, "title": "Factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical implications for U.S. young adult mental health.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Liu, Cindy H", "Zhang, Emily", "Wong, Ga Tin Fifi", "Hyun, Sunah", "Hahm, Hyeouk Chris"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512357", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study sought to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology in U.S. young adults (18-30 years) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional online study assessed 898 participants from April 13, 2020 to May 19, 2020, approximately one month after the U.S. declared a state of emergency due to COVID-19 and prior to the initial lifting of restrictions across 50 U.S. states. Respondents reported high levels of depression (43.3%, PHQ-8 scores \u2265 10), high anxiety scores (45.4%, GAD-7 scores \u2265 10), and high levels of PTSD symptoms (31.8%, PCL-C scores \u2265 45). High levels of loneliness, high levels of COVID-19-specific worry, and low distress tolerance were significantly associated with clinical levels of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Resilience was associated with low levels of depression and anxiety symptoms but not PTSD. Most respondents had high levels of social support; social support from family, but not from partner or peers, was associated with low levels of depression and PTSD. Compared to Whites, Asian Americans were less likely to report high levels across mental health symptoms, and Hispanic/Latinos were less likely to report high levels of anxiety. These factors provide initial guidance regarding the clinical management for COVID-19-related mental health problems."}, {"pmid": 32335169, "pmcid": "PMC7177098", "title": "Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zheng, Zhaohai", "Peng, Fang", "Xu, Buyun", "Zhao, Jingjing", "Liu, Huahua", "Peng, Jiahao", "Li, Qingsong", "Jiang, Chongfu", "Zhou, Yan", "Liu, Shuqing", "Ye, Chunji", "Zhang, Peng", "Xing, Yangbo", "Guo, Hangyuan", "Tang, Weiliang"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335169", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in December 2019 and triggered a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). We aimed to find risk factors for the progression of COVID-19 to help reducing the risk of critical illness and death for clinical help. The data of COVID-19 patients until March 20, 2020 were retrieved from four databases. We statistically analyzed the risk factors of critical/mortal and non-critical COVID-19 patients with meta-analysis. Thirteen studies were included in Meta-analysis, including a total number of 3027 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Male, older than 65, and smoking were risk factors for disease progression in patients with COVID-19 (male: OR\u202f=\u202f1.76, 95% CI (1.41, 2.18), P < 0.00001; age over 65 years old: OR =6.06, 95% CI(3.98, 9.22), P < 0.00001; current smoking: OR =2.51, 95% CI(1.39, 3.32), P\u202f=\u202f0.0006). The proportion of underlying diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease were statistically significant higher in critical/mortal patients compared to the non-critical patients (diabetes: OR=3.68, 95% CI (2.68, 5.03), P < 0.00001; hypertension: OR\u202f=\u202f2.72, 95% CI (1.60,4.64), P\u202f=\u202f0.0002; cardiovascular disease: OR\u202f=\u202f5.19, 95% CI(3.25, 8.29), P < 0.00001; respiratory disease: OR\u202f=\u202f5.15, 95% CI(2.51, 10.57), P < 0.00001). Clinical manifestations such as fever, shortness of breath or dyspnea were associated with the progression of disease [fever: 0R\u202f=\u202f0.56, 95% CI (0.38, 0.82), P\u202f=\u202f0.003;shortness of breath or dyspnea: 0R=4.16, 95% CI (3.13, 5.53), P < 0.00001]. Laboratory examination such as aspartate amino transferase(AST) > 40U/L, creatinine(Cr) \u2265 133mol/L, hypersensitive cardiac troponin I(hs-cTnI) > 28pg/mL, procalcitonin(PCT) > 0.5ng/mL, lactatede hydrogenase(LDH) > 245U/L, and D-dimer > 0.5mg/L predicted the deterioration of disease while white blood cells(WBC)<4\u202f\u00d7\u202f109/L meant a better clinical status[AST > 40U/L:OR=4.00, 95% CI (2.46, 6.52), P < 0.00001; Cr \u2265 133\u03bcmol/L: OR\u202f=\u202f5.30, 95% CI (2.19, 12.83), P\u202f=\u202f0.0002; hs-cTnI > 28 pg/mL: OR\u202f=\u202f43.24, 95% CI (9.92, 188.49), P < 0.00001; PCT > 0.5 ng/mL: OR\u202f=\u202f43.24, 95% CI (9.92, 188.49), P < 0.00001;LDH > 245U/L: OR\u202f=\u202f43.24, 95% CI (9.92, 188.49), P < 0.00001; D-dimer > 0.5mg/L: OR\u202f=\u202f43.24, 95% CI (9.92, 188.49), P < 0.00001; WBC < 4\u202f\u00d7\u202f109/L: OR\u202f=\u202f0.30, 95% CI (0.17, 0.51), P < 0.00001]. Male, aged over 65, smoking patients might face a greater risk of developing into the critical or mortal condition and the comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory diseases could also greatly affect the prognosis of the COVID-19. Clinical manifestation such as fever, shortness of breath or dyspnea and laboratory examination such as WBC, AST, Cr, PCT, LDH, hs-cTnI and D-dimer could imply the progression of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32470688, "pmcid": "PMC7242204", "title": "COVID-19 lockdown measures reveal human impact on water transparency in the Venice Lagoon.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Braga, Federica", "Scarpa, Gian Marco", "Brando, Vittorio Ernesto", "Manfe, Giorgia", "Zaggia, Luca"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470688", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lagoon of Venice has always been affected by the regional geomorphological evolution, anthropogenic stressors and global changes. Different morphological settings and variable biogeophysical conditions characterize this continuously evolving system that rapidly responds to the anthropic impacts. When the lockdown measures were enforced in Italy to control the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on March 10th 2020, the ordinary urban water traffic around Venice, one of the major pressures in the lagoon, came to a halt. This provided a unique opportunity to analyse the environmental effects of restrictions to mobility on water transparency. Pseudo true-colour composites Sentinel-2 satellite imagery proved useful for qualitative visual interpretation, showing the reduction of the vessel traffic and their wakes from the periods before and during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. A quantitative analysis of suspended matter patterns, based on satellite-derived turbidity, in the absence of traffic perturbations, allowed to focus on natural processes and the residual stress from human activities that continued throughout the lockdown. We conclude that the high water transparency can be considered as a transient condition determined by a combination of natural seasonal factors and the effects of COVID-19 restrictions."}, {"pmid": 32524792, "title": "Early CT Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Asymptomatic Children: A Single-Center Experience.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Lan, Lan", "Xu, Dan", "Xia, Chen", "Wang, Shaokang", "Yu, Minhua", "Xu, Haibo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524792", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current study reported a case series to illustrate the early computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pediatric patients. All pediatric patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and who underwent CT scan in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 20, 2020 to February 28, 2020 were included in the current study. Data on clinical and CT features were collected and analyzed. Four children were included in the current study. All of them were asymptomatic throughout the disease course (ranging from 7 days to 15 days), and none of them showed abnormalities in blood cell counts. Familial cluster was the main transmission pattern. Thin-section CT revealed abnormalities in three patients, and one patient did not present with any abnormal CT findings. Unilateral lung involvement was observed in two patients, and one patient showed bilateral lung involvement. In total, five small lesions were identified, including ground-glass opacity (n = 4) and consolidation (n = 1). All lesions had ill-defined margins with peripheral distribution and predilection of lower lobe. Small patches of ground-glass opacity with subpleural distribution and unilateral lung involvement were common findings on CT scans of pediatric patients in the early stage of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32427613, "title": "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Coronavirus Disease 2019-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Multicenter Descriptive Study.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Yang, Xiao", "Cai, Shuhan", "Luo, Yun", "Zhu, Fangfang", "Hu, Ming", "Zhao, Yan", "Zheng, Ruiqiang", "Li, Xuyan", "Hu, Bo", "Peng, Zhiyong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427613", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome is complicated with coronavirus disease 2019 and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support may be necessary in severe cases. This study is to summarize the clinical features, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation characteristics, and outcomes of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Descriptive study from two hospitals. The ICUs from university hospitals. Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia received mechanical ventilation, including those underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital from January 8, 2020, to March 31, 2020. None. Clinical records, laboratory results, ventilator parameters, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-related data were abstracted from the medical records. One-hundred twenty-nine critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia were admitted to ICU of the two referral hospitals. Fifty-nine patients received mechanical ventilation and 21 of them received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (fourteen from Zhongnan hospital and seven from Wuhan pulmonary hospital). Compared to mechanical ventilation patients without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, there was a tendency of decline in mortality but with no significant difference (no-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation group 24/38 [63.2%] vs extracorporeal membrane oxygenation group 12/21 [57.1%]; p = 0.782). For those patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, 12 patients died and nine survived by April 7, 2020. Among extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients, the PaCO2 prior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was lower (54.40 mm Hg [29.20-57.50 mm Hg] vs 63.20 mm Hg [55.40-72.12 mm Hg]; p = 0.006), and pH prior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was higher (7.38 [7.28-7.48] vs 7.23 [7.16-7.33]; p = 0.023) in survivors than nonsurvivors. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation might be an effective salvage treatment for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia associated with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Severe CO2 retention and acidosis prior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation indicated a poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32079577, "title": "Coronavirus: Wales tests 90% of suspected patients in their own home.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32079577", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367615, "title": "Trends and Innovations in Biosensors for COVID-19 Mass Testing.", "journal": "Chembiochem", "authors": ["Santiago, Ibon"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367615", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fast and widespread diagnosis is crucial to fighting against the outbreak of COVID-19. This work surveys the landscape of available and emerging biosensor technologies for COVID-19 testing. Molecular diagnostic assays based on quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction are used in most clinical laboratories. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed testing capacity and motivated the development of fast point-of-care tests and the adoption of isothermal DNA amplification. Antigenic and serological rapid tests based on lateral-flow immunoassays suffer from low sensitivity. Advanced digital systems enhance performance at the expense of speed and the need for large equipment. Emerging technologies, including CRISPR gene-editing tools, benefit from high sensitivity and specificity of molecular diagnostics and the easy use of lateral-flow assays. DNA sequencing and sample pooling strategies are highlighted to bring out the full capacity of the available biosensor technologies and accelerate mass testing."}, {"pmid": 32338613, "pmcid": "PMC7202310", "title": "COVID-19-Related Web Search Behaviors and Infodemic Attitudes in Italy: Infodemiological Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Rovetta, Alessandro", "Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338613", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, fake news and misleading information have circulated worldwide, which can profoundly affect public health communication. We investigated online search behavior related to the COVID-19 outbreak and the attitudes of \"infodemic monikers\" (ie, erroneous information that gives rise to interpretative mistakes, fake news, episodes of racism, etc) circulating in Italy. By using Google Trends to explore the internet search activity related to COVID-19 from January to March 2020, article titles from the most read newspapers and government websites were mined to investigate the attitudes of infodemic monikers circulating across various regions and cities in Italy. Search volume values and average peak comparison (APC) values were used to analyze the results. Keywords such as \"novel coronavirus,\" \"China coronavirus,\" \"COVID-19,\" \"2019-nCOV,\" and \"SARS-COV-2\" were the top infodemic and scientific COVID-19 terms trending in Italy. The top five searches related to health were \"face masks,\" \"amuchina\" (disinfectant), \"symptoms of the novel coronavirus,\" \"health bulletin,\" and \"vaccines for coronavirus.\" The regions of Umbria and Basilicata recorded a high number of infodemic monikers (APC weighted total >140). Misinformation was widely circulated in the Campania region, and racism-related information was widespread in Umbria and Basilicata. These monikers were frequently searched (APC weighted total >100) in more than 10 major cities in Italy, including Rome. We identified a growing regional and population-level interest in COVID-19 in Italy. The majority of searches were related to amuchina, face masks, health bulletins, and COVID-19 symptoms. Since a large number of infodemic monikers were observed across Italy, we recommend that health agencies use Google Trends to predict human behavior as well as to manage misinformation circulation in Italy."}, {"pmid": 32529822, "title": "Annex #1 as of 8 June 2020 to: Management of SARS-CoV-2 infection: recommendations of the Polish Association of Epidemiologists and Infectiologists as of March 31, 2020.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Flisiak, Robert", "Horban, Andrzej", "Jaroszewicz, Jerzy", "Kozielewicz, Dorota", "Pawlowska, Malgorzata", "Parczewski, Milosz", "Piekarska, Anna", "Simon, Krzysztof", "Tomasiewicz, Krzysztof", "Zarebska-Michaluk, Dorota"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529822", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387016, "pmcid": "PMC7165086", "title": "Perioperative Echocardiography During the Coronavirus Crisis: Considerations in Pediatrics and Congenital Heart Disease.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450053, "pmcid": "PMC7255213", "title": "Following-up allogeneic transplantation recipients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Lupo-Stanghellini, Maria Teresa", "Messina, Carlo", "Marktel, Sarah", "Carrabba, Matteo G", "Peccatori, Jacopo", "Corti, Consuelo", "Ciceri, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450053", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345563, "pmcid": "PMC7165082", "title": "Persistent hiccups as an atypical presenting complaint of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Prince, Garrett", "Sergel, Michelle"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345563", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hiccups (singultus) are reflex inspiratory movements that involve the swallowing reflex arc and can be classified as acute (<48\u00a0h) or persistent (>48\u00a0h). A 62-year-old man with no history of malignancy or pulmonary disease presented to the Emergency Department with a four-day history of persistent hiccups. Other than episodic hiccupping, his physical examination was otherwise unremarkable. An abnormal chest X-ray led to a CT scan of the chest with IV contrast, which demonstrated regional, peripheral groundglass opacities of the upper lobes with small focal groundglass opacities scattered throughout the lungs. He was tested for COVID-19 per admission protocol, started on hydroxychloroquine, his hiccups improved, and he was discharged to home after 3\u00a0days. An emergency medicine physician should keep COVID-19 on the differential and be vigilant of exposure in atypical presentations."}, {"pmid": 32203693, "pmcid": "PMC7138150", "title": "Mass gathering events and reducing further global spread of COVID-19: a political and public health dilemma.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["McCloskey, Brian", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Blumberg, Lucille", "Arbon, Paul", "Cicero, Anita", "Endericks, Tina", "Lim, Poh Lian", "Borodina, Maya"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203693", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515389, "title": "COVID-19 in children: Epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis and management.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Khan, Ejaz A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515389", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected children, including neonates, who mostly comprise of approximately 2% of total confirmed cases. Most children are asymptomatic or have mild disease and much lower mortality compared to adults for yet unknown reasons. Recovery from illness has largely been universal and <2% have severe disease requiring intensive care. Standardised guidelines from initial studies are now available for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Treatment is mostly supportive with no recommendations for any specific drugs so far. As the pandemic evolves, it is expected that more children will be diagnosed and treated with evolving newer regimens. Research should now focus on early diagnosis, better drugs for children, intensive care modalities, and a universal vaccine. New developments will help in better prevention asides from the other precautionary measures already being practiced."}, {"pmid": 32433280, "pmcid": "PMC7268851", "title": "An Emergency Surgery in Severe Case Infected by COVID-19 With Perforated Duodenal Bulb Ulcer.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["He, Lei", "Zhao, Wei", "Zhou, Wenming", "Pang, Peipei", "Liao, Yuting", "Liu, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433280", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321117, "pmcid": "PMC7153358", "title": "Management of inflammatory bowel disease patients in the COVID-19 pandemic era: a Brazilian tertiary referral center guidance.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Queiroz, Natalia Sousa Freitas", "Barros, Luisa Leite", "Azevedo, Matheus Freitas Cardoso de", "Oba, Jane", "Sobrado, Carlos Walter", "Carlos, Alexandre de Sousa", "Milani, Luciane Reis", "Sipahi, Aytan Miranda", "Damiao, Aderson Omar Mourao Cintra"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321117", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is fighting the COVID-19 outbreak and health workers, including inflammatory bowel diseases specialists, have been challenged to address the specific clinical issues of their patients. We hereby summarize the current literature in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients during the COVID-19 pandemic era that support the rearrangement of our IBD unit and the clinical advice provided to our patients."}, {"pmid": 32478950, "title": "Aerosol generating procedures, dysphagia assessment and COVID-19: A rapid review.", "journal": "Int J Lang Commun Disord", "authors": ["Bolton, Lee", "Mills, Claire", "Wallace, Sarah", "Brady, Marian C"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32088335, "pmcid": "PMC7129612", "title": "Comments on \"Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven Analysis in the early phase of the outbreak\".", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dhungana, Hom Nath"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088335", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377399, "pmcid": "PMC7193619", "title": "COVID-19 vaccines: breaking record times to first-in-human trials.", "journal": "NPJ Vaccines", "authors": ["Kim, Young Chan", "Dema, Barbara", "Reyes-Sandoval, Arturo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377399", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The twenty-first century has come with a new era in vaccinology, in which recombinant genetic technology has contributed to setting an unprecedented fast pace in vaccine development, clearly demonstrated during the recent COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32430976, "title": "Artificial Intelligence during a pandemic: The COVID-19 example.", "journal": "Int J Health Plann Manage", "authors": ["Dananjayan, Sathian", "Raj, Gerard Marshall"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430976", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473124, "pmcid": "PMC7255143", "title": "Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Fox, Sharon E", "Akmatbekov, Aibek", "Harbert, Jack L", "Li, Guang", "Quincy Brown, J", "Vander Heide, Richard S"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473124", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly across the USA, causing extensive morbidity and mortality, particularly in the African American community. Autopsy can considerably contribute to our understanding of many disease processes and could provide crucial information to guide management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report on the relevant cardiopulmonary findings in, to our knowledge, the first autopsy series of ten African American decedents, with the cause of death attributed to COVID-19. Autopsies were performed on ten African American decedents aged 44-78 years with cause of death attributed to COVID-19, reflective of the dominant demographic of deaths following COVID-19 diagnosis in New Orleans. Autopsies were done with consent of the decedents' next of kin. Pulmonary and cardiac features were examined, with relevant immunostains to characterise the inflammatory response, and RNA labelling and electron microscopy on representative sections. Important findings include the presence of thrombosis and microangiopathy in the small vessels and capillaries of the lungs, with associated haemorrhage, that significantly contributed to death. Features of diffuse alveolar damage, including hyaline membranes, were present, even in patients who had not been ventilated. Cardiac findings included individual cell necrosis without lymphocytic myocarditis. There was no evidence of secondary pulmonary infection by microorganisms. We identify key pathological states, including thrombotic and microangiopathic pathology in the lungs, that contributed to death in patients with severe COVID-19 and decompensation in this demographic. Management of these patients should include treatment to target these pathological mechanisms. None."}, {"pmid": 32283155, "pmcid": "PMC7151416", "title": "Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Fu, Leiwen", "Wang, Bingyi", "Yuan, Tanwei", "Chen, Xiaoting", "Ao, Yunlong", "Fitzpatrick, Thomas", "Li, Peiyang", "Zhou, Yiguo", "Lin, Yi-Fan", "Duan, Qibin", "Luo, Ganfeng", "Fan, Song", "Lu, Yong", "Feng, Anping", "Zhan, Yuewei", "Liang, Bowen", "Cai, Weiping", "Zhang, Lin", "Du, Xiangjun", "Li, Linghua", "Shu, Yuelong", "Zou, Huachun"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283155", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To better inform efforts to treat and control the current outbreak with a comprehensive characterization of COVID-19. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CNKI (Chinese Database) for studies published as of March 2, 2020, and we searched references of identified articles. Studies were reviewed for methodological quality. A random-effects model was used to pool results. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. 43 studies involving 3600 patients were included. Among COVID-19 patients, fever (83.3% [95% CI 78.4-87.7]), cough (60.3% [54.2-66.3]), and fatigue (38.0% [29.8-46.5]) were the most common clinical symptoms. The most common laboratory abnormalities were elevated C-reactive protein (68.6% [58.2-78.2]), decreased lymphocyte count (57.4% [44.8-69.5]) and increased lactate dehydrogenase (51.6% [31.4-71.6]). Ground-glass opacities (80.0% [67.3-90.4]) and bilateral pneumonia (73.2% [63.4-82.1]) were the most frequently reported findings on computed tomography. The overall estimated proportion of severe cases and case-fatality rate (CFR) was 25.6% (17.4-34.9) and 3.6% (1.1-7.2), respectively. CFR and laboratory abnormalities were higher in severe cases, patients from Wuhan, and older patients, but CFR did not differ by gender. The majority of COVID-19 cases are symptomatic with a moderate CFR. Patients living in Wuhan, older patients, and those with medical comorbidities tend to have more severe clinical symptoms and higher CFR."}, {"pmid": 32369628, "title": "Convalescent donor SARS-COV-2-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte infusion as a possible treatment option for COVID-19 patients with severe disease has not received enough attention till date.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Hanley, Brian", "Roufosse, Candice A", "Osborn, Michael", "Naresh, Kikkeri N"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369628", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429701, "title": "Personal Experience With COVID-19 and Diabetes in the South of France: Technology Facilitates the Management of Diabetes in Disruptive Times.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Renard, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429701", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report our experience with COVID-19 epidemic in patients with type 1 diabetes using diabetes technology in the South of France. Use of insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring appeared as an effective way to prevent the risk of acute metabolic complications related to the changes of daily life associated with requested confinement . Care by telemedicine was facilitated in these patients who used diabetes technology while structured education delivered during training and support from home care services were helpful to master the disruptive conditions."}, {"pmid": 32468840, "title": "Challenges in the Care of Children and Youth With Diabetes in Times of the Corona Pandemic: Personal View of the Situation in a German Clinic.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Ziegler, Ralph"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468840", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32043983, "pmcid": "PMC7134694", "title": "Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Russell, Clark D", "Millar, Jonathan E", "Baillie, J Kenneth"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32043983", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454187, "pmcid": "PMC7245266", "title": "Review of trials currently testing treatment and prevention of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Fragkou, Paraskevi C", "Belhadi, Drifa", "Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan", "Moschopoulos, Charalampos D", "Lescure, Francois-Xavier", "Janocha, Hannah", "Karofylakis, Emmanouil", "Yazdanpanah, Yazdan", "Mentre, France", "Skevaki, Chrysanthi", "Laouenan, Cedric", "Tsiodras, Sotirios"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454187", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 cases continue to rise globally, evidence from large randomized controlled trials is still lacking. Currently, numerous trials testing potential treatment and preventative options are being undertaken all over the world. We summarized all registered clinical trials examining treatment and prevention options for COVID-19. Additionally, we evaluated the quality of the retrieved studies. Clinicaltrials.gov, the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and the European Union Clinical Trials Register were systematically searched. Registered clinical trials examining treatment and/or prevention options for COVID-19 were included. No language, country or study design restrictions were applied. We excluded withdrawn or cancelled studies and trials not reporting therapeutic or preventative strategies for COVID-19. No restrictions in terms of participants' age and medical background or type of intervention were enforced. The registries were searched using the term 'coronavirus' or 'COVID-19' from their inception until 26 March 2020. Additional manual search of the registries was also performed. Eligible studies were summarized and tabulated. Interventional trials were methodologically analysed, excluding expanded access studies and trials testing traditional Chinese medicine. In total, 309 trials evaluating therapeutic management options, 23 studies assessing preventive strategies and three studies examining both were retrieved. Finally, 214 studies were methodologically reviewed. Interventional treatment studies were mostly randomized (n\u00a0=\u00a0150/198, 76%) and open label (n\u00a0=\u00a073/198, 37%) with a median number of planned inclusions of 90 (interquartile range 40-200). Major categories of interventions that are currently being investigated are discussed. Numerous clinical trials have been registered since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Summarized data on these trials will assist physicians and researchers to promote patient care and guide future research efforts for COVID-19 pandemic containment."}, {"pmid": 32249924, "title": "COVID-19 in pregnancy with comorbidities: More liberal testing strategy is needed.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Gidlof, Sebastian", "Savchenko, Julia", "Brune, Thomas", "Josefsson, Hampus"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249924", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410754, "pmcid": "PMC7221387", "title": "[RESPIRATORY REHABILITATION IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19].", "journal": "Rehabilitacion (Madr)", "authors": ["Martinez-Pizarr, S"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410754", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505692, "title": "Molecular analysis of several in-house rRT-PCR protocols for SARS-CoV-2 detection in the context of genetic variability of the virus in Colombia.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Alvarez-Diaz, Diego A", "Franco-Munoz, Carlos", "Laiton-Donato, Katherine", "Usme-Ciro, Jose A", "Franco-Sierra, Nicolas D", "Florez-Sanchez, Astrid C", "Gomez-Rangel, Sergio", "Rodriguez-Calderon, Luz D", "Barbosa-Ramirez, Juliana", "Ospitia-Baez, Erika", "Walteros, Diana M", "Ospina-Martinez, Martha L", "Mercado-Reyes, Marcela"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505692", "countries": ["Colombia"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a public health problem unprecedented in the recent history of humanity. Different in-house real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) methods for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and the appearance of genomes with mutations in primer regions have been reported. Hence, whole-genome data from locally-circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains contribute to the knowledge of its global variability and the development and fine tuning of diagnostic protocols. To describe the genetic variability of Colombian SARS-CoV-2 genomes in hybridization regions of oligonucleotides of the main in-house methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection, RNA samples with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnosis were processed through next-generation sequencing. Primers/probes sequences from 13 target regions for SARS-CoV-2 detection suggested by 7 institutions and consolidated by WHO during the early stage of the pandemic were aligned with Muscle tool to assess the genetic variability potentially affecting their performance. Finally, the corresponding codon positions at the 3' end of each primer, the open reading frame inspection was identified for each gene/protein product. Complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes were obtained from 30 COVID-19 cases, representative of the current epidemiology in the country. Mismatches between at least one Colombian sequence and five oligonucleotides targeting the RdRP and N genes were observed. The 3' end of 4 primers aligned to the third codon position, showed high risk of nucleotide substitution and potential mismatches at this critical position. Genetic variability was detected in Colombian SARS-CoV-2 sequences in some of the primer/probe regions for in-house rRT-PCR diagnostic tests available at WHO COVID-19 technical guidelines; its impact on the performance and rates of false-negative results should be experimentally evaluated. The genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 is highly recommended for the early identification of mutations in critical regions and to issue recommendations on specific diagnostic tests to ensure the coverage of locally-circulating genetic variants."}, {"pmid": 32122881, "title": "Covid-19: retired doctors could be asked to return to work, says Hancock.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122881", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494330, "pmcid": "PMC7239589", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Mimicking Heart Failure Exacerbation: Time to Rethink.", "journal": "Cardiol Res", "authors": ["Sattar, Yasar", "Connerney, Michael", "Ullah, Waqas", "Rauf, Hiba", "Mamtani, Sahil", "Luddington, Stephen", "Alraies, M Chadi"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494330", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 67-year-old man with a prior heart failure presented with fever, cough and dyspnea for 4 days. Physical examination showed bilateral rales on the lung exam, yet no lower extremity edema. The combination of symptoms, elevated inflammatory markers, normal baseline pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, PaO2/FiO2 < 300 and positive swab suggested coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) rather than heart failure exacerbation. We discuss the challenges in management of ARDS in COVID-19 patients that may initially mimic as acute exacerbation of heart failure."}, {"pmid": 32530808, "title": "Recovery of severely ill COVID-19 patients by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment: A case series.", "journal": "Virology", "authors": ["Mohtadi, Negar", "Ghaysouri, Abas", "Shirazi, Samira", "Sara Ansari", "Shafiee, Elham", "Bastani, Elham", "Kokhazadeh, Taleb", "Tavan, Hamed"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530808", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the recent months, COVID-19 has turned to a global crisis claiming high mortality and morbidity among populations. Despite the high prevalence of the disease, it has currently no definitive treatment. We here reported the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) administration in severely ill COVID-19 patients diagnosed based on PCR and radiology tests. Five severely ill COVID-19 patients in whom standard treatments failed were administrated with IVIG which prevented the deterioration of clinical symptoms. All the patients were treated with high-dose IVIG (0.3-0.5\u00a0g/kg) for 5 consecutive days so that no patient would receive lower than 25\u00a0g of the drug. All the patients showed a desirable therapeutic response and were discharged from the hospital with a stable clinical condition after being recovered. Treatment with IVIG at the therapeutic dose of 0.3-0.5\u00a0g/kg can improve the clinical condition and O2 saturation and prevent the progression of pulmonary lesions in COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms in whom standard treatments have failed."}, {"pmid": 32340051, "title": "[The SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and an Attempted Suicide of a Patient with Delusional Disorder].", "journal": "Psychiatr Prax", "authors": ["Weise, Judith", "Schomerus, Georg", "Speerforck, Sven"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340051", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic triggered increasing symptoms of an undiagnosed delusional disorder at a mid-60-year-old woman resulting in an attempted suicide. Because of a pandemic with noticeable and visible social changes, it seems likely that people with previously subclinical psychotic illnesses are more often admitted to psychiatric care for the first time. Building a therapeutic relationship and integrating her into an outpatient clinic was possible despite her lack of insight into the illness and her rejection of medical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32232215, "pmcid": "PMC7085861", "title": "Information Diet in Covid-19 Crisis; a Commentary.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ashrafi-Rizi, Hasan", "Kazempour, Zahra"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232215", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463897, "title": "Public Policy in a Pandemic: A Call for Leadership Action.", "journal": "J Contin Educ Nurs", "authors": ["Bleich, Michael R", "Smith, Shelly", "McDougle, Robyn"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463897", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Crisis breeds innovation and creativity. The COVID-19 pandemic shows where policy-related gaps exist. Three policy exemplars linked to COVID-related changes faced by professional development educators and leaders are presented: broadband Internet availability for training and development, information technology infrastructure, and scope of practice expansion. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2020;51(6):250-252.]."}, {"pmid": 32420631, "title": "Prevision of multidisciplinary head and neck cancer survivorship care during the 2019 novel coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Nilsen, Marci Lee", "Clump, David A 2nd", "Kubik, Mark", "Losego, Karen", "Mrozek, Alyssa", "Pawlowicz, Elizabeth", "Pickford, Debra", "Sridharan, Shaum", "Traylor, Katie", "Wasserman-Wincko, Tamara", "Young, Kelly", "Zandberg, Dan", "Johnson, Jonas T"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420631", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic challenges the delivery of care for patients with head and neck cancer. An important aspect of this care has been the evolution of enhanced survivorship services, which include surveillance for recurring cancer and prevention of second primaries. The application of evidence-based approaches to the identification and management of treatment and tumor-related toxicities has embraced the use of validated patient-reported outcomes instruments, health promotion, and care coordination. In this manuscript, we describe how our multidisciplinary team of survivorship providers has accommodated to the need to provide patients with social distancing while acknowledging the importance of continued care during treatment and through the spectrum of survivorship."}, {"pmid": 32093211, "pmcid": "PMC7074453", "title": "Characteristics of and Public Health Responses to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Deng, Sheng-Qun", "Peng, Hong-Juan"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32093211", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, cases of unidentified pneumonia with a history of exposure in the Huanan Seafood Market were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province. A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified to be accountable for this disease. Human-to-human transmission is confirmed, and this disease (named COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO)) spread rapidly around the country and the world. As of 18 February 2020, the number of confirmed cases had reached 75,199 with 2009 fatalities. The COVID-19 resulted in a much lower case-fatality rate (about 2.67%) among the confirmed cases, compared with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Among the symptom composition of the 45 fatality cases collected from the released official reports, the top four are fever, cough, short of breath, and chest tightness/pain. The major comorbidities of the fatality cases include hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and chronic bronchitis. The source of the virus and the pathogenesis of this disease are still unconfirmed. No specific therapeutic drug has been found. The Chinese Government has initiated a level-1 public health response to prevent the spread of the disease. Meanwhile, it is also crucial to speed up the development of vaccines and drugs for treatment, which will enable us to defeat COVID-19 as soon as possible."}, {"pmid": 32316063, "title": "COVID-19-Related Severe Hypercoagulability in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit for Acute Respiratory Failure.", "journal": "Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Spiezia, Luca", "Boscolo, Annalisa", "Poletto, Francesco", "Cerruti, Lorenzo", "Tiberio, Ivo", "Campello, Elena", "Navalesi, Paolo", "Simioni, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316063", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019 an outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing severe pneumonia (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. A common finding in most COVID-19 patients is high D-dimer levels which are associated with a worse prognosis. We aimed to evaluate coagulation abnormalities via traditional tests and whole blood thromboelastometry profiles in a group of 22 (mean age 67\u2009\u00b1\u20098 years, M:F 20:2) consecutive patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Padova University Hospital for acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Cases showed significantly higher fibrinogen and D-dimer plasma levels versus healthy controls (p\u2009<\u20090.0001 in both comparisons). Interestingly enough, markedly hypercoagulable thromboelastometry profiles were observed in COVID-19 patients, as reflected by shorter Clot Formation Time (CFT) in INTEM (p\u2009=\u20090.0002) and EXTEM (p\u2009=\u20090.01) and higher Maximum Clot Firmness (MCF) in INTEM, EXTEM and FIBTEM (p\u2009<\u20090.001 in all comparisons). In conclusion, COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure present a severe hypercoagulability rather than consumptive coagulopathy. Fibrin formation and polymerization may predispose to thrombosis and correlate with a worse outcome."}, {"pmid": 32427195, "pmcid": "PMC7232608", "title": "Weaker together or weaker apart? Great power relations after the coronavirus.", "journal": "Asia Eur J", "authors": ["Biscop, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427195", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463475, "title": "[Rapid point-of-care serology testing for sars-cov-2].", "journal": "Lakartidningen", "authors": ["Stackelberg, Otto", "Esmaeilzadeh, Mouna", "Olsen, Bjorn", "Lundkvist, Ake"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463475", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasing evidence indicates immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) after covid-19, but it remains unclear for how long the protection remains. Serology testing seems to have a higher sensitivity than molecular diagnostics from 8 days after onset of symtoms, and should be part of risk assessment and epidemiological studies of COVID-19. The performance of commercial serological point-of-care (POC) lateral flow tests are highly manufacturer-dependant. Low sensitivity increases the risk of false negative results and could result in unnecessary quarantine of test persons with developed antibodies. Low specificity increases the risk of false positive results and could lead to false assumptions of immunity. Carefully selected serological POC tests for sars-cov-2 can be used in large scale testing but should only be used by licensed medical staff able to understand their limitations and interpret the results."}, {"pmid": 32075791, "title": "Covid-19: a puzzle with many missing pieces.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Vetter, Pauline", "Eckerle, Isabella", "Kaiser, Laurent"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32075791", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245880, "title": "Covid-19: government promises 100 000 tests per day in England by end of April.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245880", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376968, "pmcid": "PMC7200991", "title": "COVID-19, HCT and wine.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["McCann, Shaun R"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376968", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386027, "title": "Unprecedented action has been taken to contain the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 in China.", "journal": "Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Wu, Tong", "Hu, Erya", "Zeng, Wenhui", "Zhang, Hanqi", "Xue, Xiaoran", "Ma, Jian"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386027", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, has posed significant threats to international health. By Feb. 20, 2020, 74 576 cases have been confirmed and over 2 118 deaths have reported in the Chinese mainland. Chinese administrations have carried out immediate and prompt measures to stop the spread of the virus. Wuhan city has been shut down since Jan. 23, and more than 30 thousand medical workers have been recruited to Hubei province. Two temporary hospitals were constructed to treat severe pneumonia patients, and 15 mobile cabin hospitals were built to treat mild pneumonia cases. Significant improvement regarding the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and diagnosis and therapy for the COVID-19 has been achieved to stop the spread of the epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32307953, "title": "[Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Horesh, Adi", "Glassberg, Elon", "Bader, Tarif", "Twig, Gilad"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307953", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215365, "pmcid": "PMC7061893", "title": "A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations.", "journal": "Gen Psychiatr", "authors": ["Qiu, Jianyin", "Shen, Bin", "Zhao, Min", "Wang, Zhen", "Xie, Bin", "Xu, Yifeng"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215365", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic emerged in Wuhan, China, spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020. The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people's lives. It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems, such as panic disorder, anxiety and depression. This study is the first nationwide large-scale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32216640, "title": "CSC Expert Consensus on Principles of Clinical Management of Patients With Severe Emergent Cardiovascular Diseases During the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Han, Yaling", "Zeng, Hesong", "Jiang, Hong", "Yang, Yuejin", "Yuan, Zuyi", "Cheng, Xiang", "Jing, Zhicheng", "Liu, Bin", "Chen, Jiyan", "Nie, Shaoping", "Zhu, Jianhua", "Li, Fei", "Ma, Changsheng"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216640", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, the Chinese Society of Cardiology (CSC) issued this consensus statement after consulting with 125 medical experts in the fields of cardiovascular disease and infectious disease. The over-arching principles laid out here are the following: 1) Consider the prevention and control of COVID-19 transmission as the highest priority, including self-protection of medical staff; 2) Patient risk assessment of both infection and cardiovascular issues. Where appropriate, preferential use of conservative medical therapeutic approaches to minimize disease spread; 3) At all times, medical practices and interventional procedures should be conducted in accordance with the directives of the infection control department of local hospitals and local health commissions."}, {"pmid": 32242878, "title": "Biorisk assessment for infrastructure & biosafety requirements for the laboratories providing coronavirus SARS-CoV-2/(COVID-19) diagnosis.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Mourya, Devendra T", "Sapkal, Gajanan", "Yadav, Pragya D", "M Belani, Sujeet Kumar", "Shete, Anita", "Gupta, Nivedita"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242878", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus infection [coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] has spread to more than 203 countries of various regions including Africa, America, Europe, South East Asia and Western Pacific. The WHO had declared COVID-19 as the global public health emergency and subsequently as pandemic because of its worldwide spread. It is now one of the top-priority pathogens to be dealt with, because of high transmissibility, severe illness and associated mortality, wide geographical spread, lack of control measures with knowledge gaps in veterinary and human epidemiology, immunity and pathogenesis. The quick detection of cases and isolating them has become critical to contain it. To meet the increasing demand of the diagnostic services, it is necessary to enhance and expand laboratory capabilities since existing laboratories cannot meet the emerging demand. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a BSL-2 (Biosafety Level 2) agent and needs to be handled in biosafety cabinet using standard precautions. This review highlights minimum requirements for the diagnostic laboratories opting testing of material for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and associated biorisk to the individuals and to the community."}, {"pmid": 32441789, "title": "Predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Tian, Wenjie", "Jiang, Wanlin", "Yao, Jie", "Nicholson, Christopher J", "Li, Rebecca H", "Sigurslid, Haakon H", "Wooster, Luke", "Rotter, Jerome I", "Guo, Xiuqing", "Malhotra, Rajeev"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441789", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to rise across the world. Information regarding the predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients remains scarce. Herein, we performed a systematic review of published articles, from January 1 to April 24, 2020, to evaluate the risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19. Two investigators independently searched the articles and collected the data, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We looked for associations between mortality and patient characteristics, comorbidities, and laboratory abnormalities. A total of 14 studies documenting the outcomes of 4659 patients were included. The presence of comorbidities such as hypertension (OR 2.5; 95% CI 2.1-3.1; P<0.00001), coronary heart disease (OR 3.8; 95% CI 2.1-6.9; P<0.00001) and diabetes (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.7-2.3; P<0.00001) were associated with significantly higher risk of death amongst COVID-19 patients. Those who died, compared to those who survived, differed on multiple biomarker levels on admission including elevated levels of cardiac troponin (+44.2 ng/L, 95% CI 19.0-69.4; P=0.0006); C-reactive protein (+66.3 \u00b5g/mL, 95% CI 46.7-85.9; P<0.00001); interleukin-6 (+4.6 ng/mL, 95% CI 3.6-5.6; P<0.00001); D-dimer (+4.6 \u00b5g/mL, 95% CI 2.8-6.4; P<0.00001); creatinine (+15.3 \u00b5mol/L, 95% CI 6.2-24.3; P=0.001) and alanine transaminase (+5.7 U/L, 95% CI 2.6-8.8; P=0.0003); as well as decreased levels of albumin (-3.7 g/L, 95% CI -5.3 to -2.1; P<0.00001). Individuals with underlying cardiometabolic disease and that present with evidence for acute inflammation and end-organ damage are at higher risk of mortality due to COVID-19 infection and should be managed with greater intensity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32361760, "pmcid": "PMC7197521", "title": "Comment on: COVID-19: a recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Fung, Kwong-Lam", "Chan, Ping-Lung"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361760", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500647, "title": "Dermatological Manifestation of Pediatrics Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with COVID-19 in a 3-Year-Old Girl.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Yozgat, Can Yilmaz", "Uzuner, Selcuk", "Duramaz, Burcu Bursal", "Yozgat, Yilmaz", "Erenberk, Ufuk", "Iscan, Akin", "Turel, Ozden"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500647", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403009, "pmcid": "PMC7194071", "title": "Five-minute point-of-care testing for SARS-CoV-2: Not there yet.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Hogan, Catherine A", "Sahoo, Malaya K", "Huang, ChunHong", "Garamani, Natasha", "Stevens, Bryan", "Zehnder, James", "Pinsky, Benjamin A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403009", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32133159, "pmcid": "PMC7035340", "title": "Potential benefits of precise corticosteroids therapy for severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Zhou, Wei", "Liu, Yisi", "Tian, Dongdong", "Wang, Cheng", "Wang, Sa", "Cheng, Jing", "Hu, Ming", "Fang, Minghao", "Gao, Yue"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133159", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32379699, "title": "Endocrinology in the time of COVID-19: Management of adrenal insufficiency.", "journal": "Eur J Endocrinol", "authors": ["Arlt, Wiebke", "Baldeweg, Stephanie E", "Pearce, Simon H S", "Simpson, Helen L"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379699", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We provide guidance on prevention of adrenal crisis during the global COVID-19 crisis, a time with frequently restricted access to the usual level of healthcare. Patients with adrenal insufficiency are at an increased risk of infection, which may be complicated by developing an adrenal crisis; however, there is currently no evidence that adrenal insufficiency patients are more likely to develop a severe course of disease. We highlight the need for education (sick day rules, stringent social distancing rules), equipment (sufficient glucocorticoid supplies, steroid emergency self-injection kit) and empowerment (steroid emergency card, COVID-19 guidelines) to prevent adrenal crises. In patients with adrenal insufficiency developing an acute COVID-19 infection, which frequently presents with continuous high fever, we suggest oral stress dose cover with 20 mg hydrocortisone every 6 h. We also comment on suggested dosing for patients who usually take modified release hydrocortisone or prednisolone. In patients with adrenal insufficiency showing clinical deterioration during an acute COVID-19 infection, we advise immediate (self-)injection of 100 mg hydrocortisone intramuscularly, followed by continuous i.v. infusion of 200 mg hydrocortisone per 24 h, or until this can be established, and administration of 50 mg hydrocortisone every 6 h. We also advise on doses for infants and children."}, {"pmid": 32473043, "title": "Palliative psychodermatology care during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Hafi, Bishurul", "Uvais, N A", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Afra, T P", "Muhammed, Razmi T"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473043", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355116, "pmcid": "PMC7224614", "title": "Unknown Unknowns: Surgical Consent during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Bryan, Ava Ferguson", "Milner, Ross", "Roggin, Kevin K", "Angelos, Peter", "Matthews, Jeffrey B"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355116", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327489, "title": "Neurologic manifestations in an infant with COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Dugue, Rachelle", "Cay-Martinez, Karla C", "Thakur, Kiran T", "Garcia, Joel A", "Chauhan, Lokendra V", "Williams, Simon H", "Briese, Thomas", "Jain, Komal", "Foca, Marc", "McBrian, Danielle K", "Bain, Jennifer M", "Lipkin, W Ian", "Mishra, Nischay"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327489", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358406, "title": "COVID-19 with cystic features on computed tomography: A case report.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Liu, Kefu", "Zeng, Yuanying", "Xie, Ping", "Ye, Xun", "Xu, Guidong", "Liu, Jian", "Wang, Hao", "Qian, Jinxian"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358406", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The cystic features of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) found on computed tomography (CT) have not yet been reported in the published literature. We report the cystic chest CT findings of 2 patients confirmed to have COVID-19-related pneumonia. A 38-year-old man and a 35-year-old man diagnosed with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were admitted to the intensive care unit. Chest CT findings showed multiple cysts in ground-glass opacities (bilaterally) with/without pneumothorax. The cysts had a smooth inner wall. The patients continued to be given oxygen by mask and received antitussive, phlegm-dispelling treatment. At follow up, there was a reduction in the number of multiple cystic lesions on CT. To date, 1 patient was discharged from hospital, while the other had been transferred to the rehabilitation department. COVID-19 may independently result in pulmonary cyst formation and pneumothorax; the application of a ventilator may be another causative factor."}, {"pmid": 32503084, "title": "Miller-Fisher syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Reyes-Bueno, Jose Antonio", "Garcia-Trujillo, Lucia", "Urbaneja, Patricia", "Ciano-Petersen, Nicolas Lundahl", "Postigo-Pozo, Maria Jose", "Martinez-Tomas, Cesar", "Serrano-Castro, Pedro J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503084", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11th, 2020, the WHO declared the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic. Syndromes have been detected in relation to COVID-19 such as encephalitis, acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy and cerebrovascular complications. There are also cases of peripheral nervous system involvement. Our case would be the 3rd patient with MFS associated with COVID-19 as far as we know. We present a 51 years old female diagnosed with MFS two weeks after COVID-19. RT-PCR to SARS-CoV-2 was negative but IgG was positive. Most of the cases were mild or moderate with typical signs and symptoms. All were treated with IV immunoglobulin with good response in most cases. Despite the short evolution time of the cases surviving the current pandemic, the description of cases of post-infectious neurological syndromes suggests that this is probably not an infrequent complication in the subacute stage of Covid-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32524794, "title": "Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in a Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia and the Possible Underlying Mechanism.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Lei, Pinggui", "Mao, Jujiang", "Wang, Pingxian"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524794", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321075, "title": "COVID-19 and hospitalizations for SARI in Brazil: a comparison up to the 12th epidemiological week of 2020.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Bastos, Leonardo Soares", "Niquini, Roberta Pereira", "Lana, Raquel Martins", "Villela, Daniel A M", "Cruz, Oswaldo G", "Coelho, Flavio C", "Codeco, Claudia T", "Gomes, Marcelo F C"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321075", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Surveillance of the severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) in Brazil aims to characterize the circulation of the Influenza A and B viruses in hospitalized cases and deaths, having been expanded in 2012 to include other respiratory viruses. COVID-19 was detected in Brazil for the time in the 9th epidemiological week of 2020, and the test for the SARS-CoV-2 virus was included in the surveillance protocol starting in the 12th epidemiological week. This study's objective was to investigate the pattern of hospitalizations for SARI in Brazil since the entry of SARS-CoV-2, comparing the temporal and age profiles and laboratory results to the years 2010 through 2019. In 2020, hospitalizations for SARI, compiled from the date of the first confirmed case of COVID-19 up to the 12th week, exceeded the numbers observed during the same period in each of the previous 10 years. The age bracket over 60 years was the most heavily affected, at higher than historical levels. There was a considerable increase in negative laboratory tests, suggesting circulation of a different virus from those already present in the panel. We concluded that the increase in hospitalizations for SARI, the lack of specific information on the etiological agent, and the predominance of cases among the elderly during the same period in which there was an increase in the number of new cases of COVID-19 are all consistent with the hypothesis that severe cases of COVID-19 are already being detected by SARI surveillance, placing an overload on the health system. The inclusion of testing for SARS-CoV-2 in the SARI surveillance protocol and the test's effective nationwide deployment are extremely important for monitoring the evolution of severe COVID-19 cases in Brazil."}, {"pmid": 32394481, "pmcid": "PMC7273039", "title": "Genesis of an emergency public drug information website by the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Fundam Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Larrouquere, Louis", "Gabin, Manon", "Poingt, Emmanuelle", "Mouffak, Amelle", "Hlavaty, Alex", "Lepelley, Marion", "Khouri, Charles", "Bellier, Alexandre", "Alexandre, Joachim", "Bedouch, Pierrick", "Bertoletti, Laurent", "Bordet, Regis", "Bouhanick, Beatrice", "Jonville-Bera, Annie-Pierre", "Laporte, Silvy", "Le Jeunne, Claire", "Letinier, Louis", "Micallef, Joelle", "Naudet, Florian", "Roustit, Matthieu", "Molimard, Mathieu", "Richard, Vincent", "Cracowski, Jean-Luc"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394481", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 16, 2020, the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics put online a national Question and Answer (Q&A) website, https://sfpt-fr.org/covid19 on the proper use of drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The working group 'Drugs and COVID-19' was composed of a scientific council, an editorial team, and experts in the field. The first questions were posted online during the first evening of home-confinement in France, March 17, 2020. Six weeks later, 140 Q&As have been posted. Questions on the controversial use of hydroxychloroquine and to a lesser extent concerning azithromycin have been the most consulted Q&As. Q&As have been consulted 226\u00a0014 times in 41\u00a0days. This large visibility was obtained through an early communication on Twitter, Facebook, traditional print, and web media. In addition, an early communication through the French Ministry of Health and the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety ANSM had a large impact in terms of daily number of views. There is a pressing need to sustain a public drug information service combining the expertise of scholarly pharmacology societies, pharmacovigilance network, and the Ministry of Health to quickly provide understandable, clear, expert answers to the general population's concerns regarding COVID-19 and drug use and to counter fake news."}, {"pmid": 32365353, "title": "Rapid reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 using a synthetic genomics platform.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Thao, Tran Thi Nhu", "Labroussaa, Fabien", "Ebert, Nadine", "V'kovski, Philip", "Stalder, Hanspeter", "Portmann, Jasmine", "Kelly, Jenna", "Steiner, Silvio", "Holwerda, Melle", "Kratzel, Annika", "Gultom, Mitra", "Schmied, Kimberly", "Laloli, Laura", "Husser, Linda", "Wider, Manon", "Pfaender, Stephanie", "Hirt, Dagny", "Cippa, Valentina", "Crespo-Pomar, Silvia", "Schroder, Simon", "Muth, Doreen", "Niemeyer, Daniela", "Corman, Victor", "Muller, Marcel A", "Drosten, Christian", "Dijkman, Ronald", "Jores, Joerg", "Thiel, Volker"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365353", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reverse genetics has been an indispensable tool revolutionising insights into viral pathogenesis and vaccine development. Large RNA virus genomes, such as from Coronaviruses, are cumbersome to clone and manipulate in E. coli due to size and occasional instability1-3. Therefore, an alternative rapid and robust reverse genetics platform for RNA viruses would benefit the research community. Here we show the full functionality of a yeast-based synthetic genomics platform to genetically reconstruct diverse RNA viruses, including members of the Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae and Paramyxoviridae families. Viral subgenomic fragments were generated using viral isolates, cloned viral DNA, clinical samples, or synthetic DNA, and reassembled in one step in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using transformation associated recombination (TAR) cloning to maintain the genome as a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC). T7-RNA polymerase has been used to generate infectious RNA to rescue viable virus. Based on this platform we have been able to engineer and resurrect chemically-synthetized clones of the recent epidemic SARS-CoV-24 in only a week after receipt of the synthetic DNA fragments. The technical advance we describe here allows a rapidly response to emerging viruses as it enables the generation and functional characterization of evolving RNA virus variants-in real-time-during an outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32502274, "title": "Estimating COVID-19 outbreak risk through air travel.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Daon, Yair", "Thompson, Robin N", "Obolski, Uri"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502274", "countries": ["United States", "India", "Brazil", "China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Substantial limitations have been imposed on passenger air travel to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between regions and countries. However, as case numbers decrease, air travel will gradually resume. We considered a future scenario in which case numbers are low and air travel returns to normal. Under that scenario, there will be a risk of outbreaks in locations worldwide due to imported cases. We estimated the risk of different locations acting as sources of future COVID-19 outbreaks elsewhere. We use modelled global air travel data and population density estimates from locations worldwide to analyse the risk that 1364 airports are sources of future COVID-19 outbreaks. We use a probabilistic, branching-process based approach that considers the volume of air travelers between airports and the reproduction number at each location, accounting for local population density. Under the scenario we model, we identify airports in East Asia as having the highest risk of acting as sources of future outbreaks. Moreover, we investigate the locations most likely to cause outbreaks due to air travel in regions that are large and potentially vulnerable to outbreaks: India, Brazil and Africa. We find that outbreaks in India and Brazil are most likely to be seeded by individuals travelling from within those regions. We find that this is also true for less vulnerable regions, such as the United States, Europe, and China. However, outbreaks in Africa due to imported cases are instead most likely to be initiated by passengers travelling from outside the continent. Variation in flight volumes and destination population densities create a non-uniform distribution of the risk that different airports pose of acting as the source of an outbreak. Accurate quantification of the spatial distribution of outbreak risk can therefore facilitate optimal allocation of resources for effective targeting of public health interventions."}, {"pmid": 32205856, "pmcid": "PMC7091918", "title": "COVID-19 infection: the perspectives on immune responses.", "journal": "Cell Death Differ", "authors": ["Shi, Yufang", "Wang, Ying", "Shao, Changshun", "Huang, Jianan", "Gan, Jianhe", "Huang, Xiaoping", "Bucci, Enrico", "Piacentini, Mauro", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Melino, Gerry"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205856", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354787, "title": "A third of covid-19 patients admitted to UK hospitals die.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354787", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302462, "title": "ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19: A Comment.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Barrett, Christopher D", "Moore, Hunter B", "Yaffe, Michael B", "Moore, Ernest E"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302462", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240762, "pmcid": "PMC7146689", "title": "Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Wu, Yeshun", "Xu, Xiaolin", "Chen, Zijun", "Duan, Jiahao", "Hashimoto, Kenji", "Yang, Ling", "Liu, Cunming", "Yang, Chun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240762", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral infections have detrimental impacts on neurological functions, and even to cause severe neurological damage. Very recently, coronaviruses (CoV), especially severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exhibit neurotropic properties and may also cause neurological diseases. It is reported that CoV can be found in the brain or cerebrospinal fluid. The pathobiology of these neuroinvasive viruses is still incompletely known, and it is therefore important to explore the impact of CoV infections on the nervous system. Here, we review the research into neurological complications in CoV infections and the possible mechanisms of damage to the nervous system."}, {"pmid": 32355985, "pmcid": "PMC7197544", "title": "Letter: Safety Instructions for Neurosurgeons During COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Recent Knowledge and Experience.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Muhammad, Sajjad", "Tanikawa, Rokuya", "Lawton, Michael T", "Niemela, Mika", "Hanggi, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355985", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424990, "title": "Martini-Klinik experience on prostate cancer surgery during the early phase of COVID-19.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Wurnschimmel, Christoph", "Maurer, Tobias", "Knipper, Sophie", "von Breunig, Franziska", "Zoellner, Christian", "Thederan, Imke", "Huland, Hartwig", "Graefen, Markus", "Michl, Uwe"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424990", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In order to restrain an uncontrolled spread of the 2019 Coronavirus-Disease (COVID-19) and to provide sufficient intensive-care unit (ICU) capacity, medical specializations needed to develop new routines and risk-strategy protocols. Those restrictions have also impacted the urologic community. Several medical organisations developed specific information-hubs, blogs and resource centers on how to tackle the COVID-19 situation (1-3). Although the German Society of Urology (\"DGU\") has published a recommendation to evaluate the need for a timely therapy in prostate cancer (PCa) patients according to D'Amico risk groups on the 2nd of April 2020, up to now no compulsory directives exist regarding omitting radical prostatectomy (RP) during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32224074, "pmcid": "PMC7151343", "title": "Comparison of Hospitalized Patients With ARDS Caused by COVID-19 and H1N1.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Tang, Xiao", "Du, Rong-Hui", "Wang, Rui", "Cao, Tan-Ze", "Guan, Lu-Lu", "Yang, Cheng-Qing", "Zhu, Qi", "Hu, Ming", "Li, Xu-Yan", "Li, Ying", "Liang, Li-Rong", "Tong, Zhao-Hui", "Sun, Bing", "Peng, Peng", "Shi, Huan-Zhong"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224074", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in December 2019, considerable attention has been focused on its elucidation. However, it is also important for clinicians and epidemiologists to differentiate COVID-19 from other respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza viruses. The aim of this study was to explore the different clinical presentations between COVID-19 and influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia in patients with ARDS. This analysis was a retrospective case-control study. Two independent cohorts of patients with ARDS infected with either COVID-19 (n\u00a0= 73) or H1N1 (n\u00a0= 75) were compared. Their clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, treatments, and prognosis were analyzed and compared. The median age of patients with COVID-19 was higher than that of patients with H1N1, and there was a higher proportion of male subjects among the H1N1 cohort (P\u00a0< .05). Patients with COVID-19 exhibited higher proportions of nonproductive coughs, fatigue, and GI symptoms than those of patients with H1N1 (P\u00a0< .05). Patients with H1N1 had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores than patients with COVID-19 (P\u00a0< .05). The Pao2/Fio2 of 198.5\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg in the COVID-19 cohort was significantly higher than the Pao2/Fio2 of 107.0\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg in the H1N1 cohort (P\u00a0< .001). Ground-glass opacities was more common in patients with COVID-19 than in patients with H1N1 (P\u00a0< .001). There was a greater variety of antiviral therapies administered to COVID-19 patients than to H1N1 patients. The in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 was 28.8%, whereas that of patients with H1N1 was 34.7%\u00a0(P\u00a0= .483). SOFA score-adjusted mortality of H1N1 patients was significantly higher than that of COVID-19 patients, with a rate ratio of 2.009 (95%\u00a0CI, 1.563-2.583; P\u00a0< .001). There were many differences in clinical presentations between patients with ARDS infected with either COVID-19 or H1N1. Compared with H1N1 patients, patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS had lower severity of illness scores at presentation and lower SOFA score-adjusted mortality."}, {"pmid": 32238346, "title": "Covid-19: Hospitals can remove 15% cap on testing of NHS staff.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238346", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425636, "pmcid": "PMC7231495", "title": "Factors associated with duration of viral shedding in adults with COVID-19 outside of Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qi, Lin", "Yang, Yong", "Jiang, Dixuan", "Tu, Chao", "Wan, Lu", "Chen, Xiangyu", "Li, Zhihong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425636", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate factors associated with the duration of viral shedding in patients with COVID-19 outside of Wuhan. In this retrospective cohort study, patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Changsha, China were included. Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome were retrieved. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to explore potential factors. Totally 147 patients with COVID-19 were included. The median duration of viral shedding (the number of days from symptoms onset till the successive negative detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA) was 17 days (interquartile range [IQR], 12 to 21). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis indicated that the highest temperature at admission (odds ratio [OR], 5.200; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.190-22.726; p\u2009=\u20090.028) and time from symptom onset to admission (OR, 1.740; 95% CI: 1.296-2.337; p\u2009<\u20090.001) and hospital length of stay (OR, 1.604; 95% CI: 1.262-2.040; p\u2009<\u20090.001) were risk factors for prolonged duration of viral shedding. This is the study with relatively large sample size that mainly focused on the duration of viral shedding and relevant factors in patients with COVID-19 outside of Wuhan, China. Potential risk factors were identified and should be taken into consideration for the strategy of quarantine of infected patients."}, {"pmid": 32199813, "pmcid": "PMC7270735", "title": "The Emerging Pandemic of Coronavirus and the Urgent Need for Public Health Leadership.", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Hennekens, Charles H", "George, Safiya", "Adirim, Terry A", "Johnson, Heather", "Maki, Dennis G"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199813", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385511, "pmcid": "PMC7239140", "title": "Letter: Implementation of a Neurosurgery Telehealth Program Amid the COVID-19 Crisis-Challenges, Lessons Learned, and a Way Forward.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Basil, Gregory W", "Eichberg, Daniel G", "Perez-Dickens, Maggy", "Menendez, Ingrid", "Ivan, Michael E", "Urakov, Timur", "Komotar, Ricardo J", "Wang, Michael Y", "Levi, Allan D"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385511", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510102, "title": "Editorial: Diagnostic Testing for SARS-Coronavirus-2 in the Nursing Facility: Recommendations of a Delphi Panel of Long-Term Care Clinicians.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Wasserman, M", "Ouslander, J G", "Lam, A", "Wolk, A G", "Morley, J E", "von Preyss-Friedman, S", "Marco, N", "Nazir, A", "Haimowitz, D", "Bessey, F"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510102", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the COVID-19 pandemic progressing, guidance on strategies to mitigate its devastating effects in nursing facilities (NFs) is critical to preventing additional tragic outcomes. Asymptomatic spread of COVID-19 from nursing facility staff and residents is a major accelerator of infection. Facility-wide point-prevalence testing is an emerging strategy in disease mitigation. Because time is not available to await the results of randomized controlled trials before implementing strategies in this high-risk setting, an expert Delphi panel composed of experienced long-term care medicine professionals has now met to provide testing guidance for SARS-Coronavirus-2 to NFs. After many email and telephone discussions, the panel responded to a questionnaire that included six different scenarios, based on varying availability of Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing and personal protective equipment (PPE). The panel endorsed facility-wide testing of staff and residents without dissent when diagnostic RT-PCR was available. While the panel recognized the limitations of RT-PCR testing, it strongly recommended this testing for both staff and residents in NFs that were either COVID-19 naive or had limited outbreaks. There was also consensus on testing residents with atypical symptoms in a scenario of limited testing capability. The panel favored testing every 1 to 2 weeks if testing was readily available, reducing the frequency to every month as community prevalence declined or as the collection of additional data further informed clinical critical thinking and decision-making. The panel recognized that frequent testing would have consequences in terms of potential staff shortages due to quarantine after positive tests and increased PPE use. However, the panel felt that not testing would allow new clusters of infection to form. The resulting high mortality rate would outweigh the potential negative consequences of testing. The panel also recognized the pandemic as a rapidly evolving crisis, and that new science and increasing experience might require an updating of its recommendations. The panel hopes that its recommendations will be of value to the long-term care industry and to policy makers as we work together to manage through this challenging and stressful time."}, {"pmid": 32299521, "title": "Environmental cleaning is effective for the eradication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in contaminated hospital rooms: A patient from the Diamond Princess cruise ship.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Hirotsu, Yosuke", "Maejima, Makoto", "Nakajima, Masumi", "Mochizuki, Hitoshi", "Omata, Masao"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299521", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451937, "pmcid": "PMC7246961", "title": "Covid-19 and Gender in LMICs: Potential Lessons from HIV Pandemic.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Small, Eusebius", "Sharma, Bonita B", "Nikolova, Silviya Pavlova"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451937", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32019669, "pmcid": "PMC7001239", "title": "Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), December 2019 to January 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Riou, Julien", "Althaus, Christian L"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32019669", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, China has been experiencing a large outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) which can cause respiratory disease and severe pneumonia. We estimated the basic reproduction number R0 of 2019-nCoV to be around 2.2 (90% high density interval: 1.4-3.8), indicating the potential for sustained human-to-human transmission. Transmission characteristics appear to be of similar magnitude to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and pandemic influenza, indicating a risk of global spread."}, {"pmid": 32322478, "pmcid": "PMC7172740", "title": "Efficacy of glutathione therapy in relieving dyspnea associated with COVID-19 pneumonia: A report of 2 cases.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Horowitz, Richard I", "Freeman, Phyllis R", "Bruzzese, James"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322478", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with COVID-19 potentially can result in severe outcomes and death from \"cytokine storm syndrome\", resulting in novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) with severe dyspnea, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), fulminant myocarditis and multiorgan dysfunction with or without disseminated intravascular coagulation. No published treatment to date has been shown to adequately control the inflammation and respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19, apart from oxygen therapy and assisted ventilation. We evaluated the effects of using high dose oral and/or IV glutathione in the treatment of 2 patients with dyspnea secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. Two patients living in New York City (NYC) with a history of Lyme and tick-borne co-infections experienced a cough and dyspnea and demonstrated radiological findings consistent with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). A trial of 2\u202fg of PO or IV glutathione was used in both patients and improved their dyspnea within 1\u202fh of use. Repeated use of both 2000 mg of PO and IV glutathione was effective in further relieving respiratory symptoms. Oral and IV glutathione, glutathione precursors (N-acetyl-cysteine) and alpha lipoic acid may represent a novel treatment approach for blocking NFKappaB and addressing \"cytokine storm syndrome\" and respiratory distress in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32422199, "pmcid": "PMC7228695", "title": "The UK hibernated pandemic influenza research portfolio: triggered for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Simpson, Colin R", "Thomas, Benjamin D", "Challen, Kirsty", "De Angelis, Daniela", "Fragaszy, Ellen", "Goodacre, Steve", "Hayward, Andrew", "Lim, Wei Shen", "Rubin, G James", "Semple, Malcolm G", "Knight, Marian"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422199", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277467, "pmcid": "PMC7262233", "title": "Collaborative Delirium Prevention in the Age of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["LaHue, Sara C", "James, Todd C", "Newman, John C", "Esmaili, Armond M", "Ormseth, Cora H", "Ely, E Wesley"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277467", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425336, "pmcid": "PMC7227562", "title": "Analysis of thin-section CT in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) after hospital discharge.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Wei, Jiangping", "Lei, Pinggui", "Yang, Hong", "Fan, Bing", "Qiu, Yingying", "Zeng, Bingliang", "Yu, Peng", "Lv, Jian", "Jian, Yinchao", "Wan, Chengfeng", "Pang, Peipei"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425336", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze clinical and thin-section computed tomographic (CT) data from the patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to predict the development of pulmonary fibrosis after hospital discharge. Fifty-nine patients (31 males, 28 females; mean age: 41\u202fyears, range: 25 to 70\u202fyears) with confirmed COVID-19 infection performed follow-up thin-section CT of the thorax. After 31.5\u202fdays of hospital admission, the results of thin-section CT were analyzed for parenchymal abnormality (ground-glass opacification, interstitial thickening, and consolidation) and evidence of fibrosis (parenchymal band, traction bronchiectasis, and irregular interfaces). Patients were analyzed based on the evidence of fibrosis and divided into two groups, group A (with CT evidence of fibrosis) and group B (without CT evidence of fibrosis). Patient demographics, length of stay (LOS), rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, peak C-reactive protein level, and CT score were compared between the two groups. Among the 59 patients, 89.8% (53/59) patients had a typical transition from early phase to advanced phase and advanced phase to dissipating phase. Out of 59 patients, 39% (23/59) patients developed fibrosis (group A), whereas 61% (36/59) patients did not show definite fibrosis (group B). Patients in group A were older (mean age, 45.4 vs. 33.8\u202fyears), with longer LOS (19.1 vs. 15.0\u202fdays), higher rate of ICU admission (21.7% (5/23) vs. 5.6% (2/36)), higher peak C-reactive protein level (30.7 vs. 18.1\u202fmg/L), and higher maximal CT score (5.2 vs. 4.0) than those in group B. Pulmonary fibrosis may develop early in patients with COVID-19 after hospital discharge. Older patients with severe illness during treatment were more prone to develop fibrosis according to thin-section CT results."}, {"pmid": 32369203, "pmcid": "PMC7267502", "title": "Smoking links to the severity of Covid-19: An update of a meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Guo, Fei Ran"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369203", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The paper entitled \"The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of Covid-19: A systemic review and meta-analysis.\" published in Journal of Medical Virology on 15 April, 20201. The results revealed the pooled OR of COPD and the development of severe Covid-19 was 4.38 (Fixed effect model, 95% CI: 2.34-8.20), while the OR of ongoing smoking was 1.98 (Fixed effect model, 95% CI: 1.29-3.05). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32505223, "title": "Talking to children about illness and death of a loved one during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Rapa, Elizabeth", "Dalton, Louise", "Stein, Alan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505223", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400359, "pmcid": "PMC7219030", "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) - impact on vaccine preventable diseases.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Hungerford, Daniel", "Cunliffe, Nigel A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400359", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32257537, "pmcid": "PMC7069465", "title": "Transplantation of ACE2(-) Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves the Outcome of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Leng, Zikuan", "Zhu, Rongjia", "Hou, Wei", "Feng, Yingmei", "Yang, Yanlei", "Han, Qin", "Shan, Guangliang", "Meng, Fanyan", "Du, Dongshu", "Wang, Shihua", "Fan, Junfen", "Wang, Wenjing", "Deng, Luchan", "Shi, Hongbo", "Li, Hongjun", "Hu, Zhongjie", "Zhang, Fengchun", "Gao, Jinming", "Liu, Hongjian", "Li, Xiaoxia", "Zhao, Yangyang", "Yin, Kan", "He, Xijing", "Gao, Zhengchao", "Wang, Yibin", "Yang, Bo", "Jin, Ronghua", "Stambler, Ilia", "Lim, Lee Wei", "Su, Huanxing", "Moskalev, Alexey", "Cano, Antonio", "Chakrabarti, Sasanka", "Min, Kyung-Jin", "Ellison-Hughes, Georgina", "Caruso, Calogero", "Jin, Kunlin", "Zhao, Robert Chunhua"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257537", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A coronavirus (HCoV-19) has caused the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China. Preventing and reversing the cytokine storm may be the key to save the patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to possess a comprehensive powerful immunomodulatory function. This study aims to investigate whether MSC transplantation improves the outcome of 7 enrolled patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Beijing YouAn Hospital, China, from Jan 23, 2020 to Feb 16, 2020. The clinical outcomes, as well as changes of inflammatory and immune function levels and adverse effects of 7 enrolled patients were assessed for 14 days after MSC injection. MSCs could cure or significantly improve the functional outcomes of seven patients without observed adverse effects. The pulmonary function and symptoms of these seven patients were significantly improved in 2 days after MSC transplantation. Among them, two common and one severe patient were recovered and discharged in 10 days after treatment. After treatment, the peripheral lymphocytes were increased, the C-reactive protein decreased, and the overactivated cytokine-secreting immune cells CXCR3+CD4+ T cells, CXCR3+CD8+ T cells, and CXCR3+ NK cells disappeared in 3-6 days. In addition, a group of CD14+CD11c+CD11bmid regulatory DC cell population dramatically increased. Meanwhile, the level of TNF-\u03b1 was significantly decreased, while IL-10 increased in MSC treatment group compared to the placebo control group. Furthermore, the gene expression profile showed MSCs were ACE2- and TMPRSS2- which indicated MSCs are free from COVID-19 infection. Thus, the intravenous transplantation of MSCs was safe and effective for treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, especially for the patients in critically severe condition."}, {"pmid": 32222828, "pmcid": "PMC7103093", "title": "Reply to \"Does hand hygiene reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission?\"", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Lai, Tracy H T", "Tang, Emily W H", "Fung, Kitty S C", "Li, Kenneth K W"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222828", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321874, "title": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Tohoku J Exp Med", "authors": ["Baloch, Saira", "Baloch, Mohsin Ali", "Zheng, Tianli", "Pei, Xiaofang"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321874", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present study provides an overview of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak which has rapidly extended globally within a short period. COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2). SARS-CoV-2 is different from usual coronaviruses responsible for mild sickness such as common cold among human beings. It is crucial to understand the impact and outcome of this pandemic. We therefore overview the changes in the curves of COVID-19 confirmed cases and fatality rate in China and outside of China from 31st of December 2019 to 25th of March 2020. We also aimed to assess the temporal developments and death rate of COVID-19 in China and worldwide. More than 414,179 confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported in 197 countries, including 81,848 cases in China and 332,331 outside of China. Furthermore, 18,440 infected patients died from COVID-19 infection; 3,287 cases were from China and 15,153 fatalities were reported worldwide. Among the worldwide infected cases, 113,802 patients have been recovered and discharged from different hospitals. Effective prevention and control measures should be taken to control the disease. The presented Chinese model (protocol) of disease prevention and control could be utilized in order to curb the pandemic situation."}, {"pmid": 32437024, "title": "Convalescent plasma therapy: A passive therapy for an aggressive COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Jindal, Vishal", "Siddiqui, Ahmad Daniyal", "Cerny, Jan", "Gerber, Jonathan M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437024", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476080, "pmcid": "PMC7261349", "title": "The association between treatment with heparin and survival in patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Ayerbe, Luis", "Risco, Carlos", "Ayis, Salma"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476080", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study investigates the association between the treatment with heparin and mortality in patients admitted with Covid-19. Routinely recorded, clinical data, up to the 24th of April 2020, from the 2075 patients with Covid-19, admitted in 17 hospitals in Spain between the 1st of March and the 20th of April 2020 were used. The following variables were extracted for this study: age, gender, temperature, and saturation of oxygen on admission, treatment with heparin, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, steroids, tocilizumab, a combination of lopinavir with ritonavir, and oseltamivir, together with data on mortality. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations. At the time of collecting the data, 301 patients had died, 1447 had been discharged home from the hospitals, 201 were still admitted, and 126 had been transferred to hospitals not included in the study. Median follow up time was 8 (IQR 5-12) days. Heparin had been used in 1734 patients. Heparin was associated with lower mortality when the model was adjusted for age and gender, with OR (95% CI) 0.55 (0.37-0.82) p\u2009=\u20090.003. This association remained significant when saturation of oxygen\u2009<\u200990%, and temperature\u2009>\u200937 \u00b0C were added to de model with OR 0.54 (0.36-0.82) p\u2009=\u20090.003, and also when all the other drugs were included as covariates OR 0.42 (0.26-0.66) p\u2009<\u20090.001. The association between heparin and lower mortality observed in this study can be acknowledged by clinicians in hospitals and in the community. Randomized controlled trials to assess the causal effects of heparin in different therapeutic regimes are required."}, {"pmid": 32478612, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Opportunity to Advanced Home Care for Older Adults.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Borhaninejad, Vahidreza", "Rashedi, Vahid"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444898, "pmcid": "PMC7244259", "title": "Incidental SARS-CoV-2-related findings in asymptomatic patients in [(18)F]-FDG-PET/CT-potential insights.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Alberts, Ian", "Vollnberg, Bernd", "Sachpekidis, Christos", "Mingels, Clemens", "Weidner, Sabine", "Afshar-Oromieh, Ali", "Rominger, Axel"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444898", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221514, "pmcid": "PMC7101898", "title": "How behavioural science data helps mitigate the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Betsch, Cornelia"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221514", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370982, "pmcid": "PMC7174154", "title": "Ensuring mental health care during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France: A narrative review.", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Chevance, A", "Gourion, D", "Hoertel, N", "Llorca, P-M", "Thomas, P", "Bocher, R", "Moro, M-R", "Laprevote, V", "Benyamina, A", "Fossati, P", "Masson, M", "Leaune, E", "Leboyer, M", "Gaillard, R"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370982", "countries": ["China", "France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lack of resources and coordination to face the coronavirus epidemic raises concerns for the health of patients with mental disorders in a country where we still have memories of the dramatic experience of famine in psychiatric hospitals during the Second World War. This article aims to propose guidance to ensure mental health care during the SARS-CoV epidemic in France. The authors performed a narrative review identifying relevant results in the scientific and medical literature and in local initiatives in France. We identified four types of major vulnerabilities among patients with mental disorders during this pandemic: (1) medical comorbidities that are more frequently found among patients with mental disorders (cardiovascular and pulmonary pathologies, diabetes, obesity, etc.) which are risk factors for severe covid-19 infection; (2) age (the elderly form the population most vulnerable to the coronavirus); (3) cognitive and behavioural disorders, which can hamper compliance with confinement and hygiene measures and finally and (4) psychosocial vulnerability as a result of stigmatization and/or socio-economic difficulties. Furthermore, the mental health healthcare system is more vulnerable than other healthcare systems. Current government plans are poorly suited to psychiatric establishments in a context of major shortages of organizational, material and human resources. In addition, a certain number of structural aspects make the psychiatric institution particularly vulnerable: many beds have been closed, wards have high densities of patients, mental health community facilities are closed, and medical teams are understaffed and poorly trained to face infectious diseases. There are also major issues when referring patients with acute mental disorders to intensive care units. To maintain the continuity of psychiatric care in this pandemic situation, several directions can be considered, in particular with the creation of \"COVID+ units\". These units are under the dual supervision of a psychiatrist and an internist/infectious disease specialist; all new entrants are placed in quarantine for 14 days; the nursing staff receives specific training, daily medical check-ups and close psychological support. Family visits are prohibited and replaced by videoconference. At the end of hospitalization, in particular for the population of patients in compulsory ambulatory care situations, specific case-management are organized with the possibility of home visits, in order to support patients when they get back home and to help them cope with the experience of confinement, which is liable to induce recurrences of mental disorders. The total or partial closure of community mental health facilities is particularly disturbing for patients, but a regular follow-up is possible with telemedicine and should include the monitoring of suicide risk and psycho-education strategies; developing support platforms could also be very helpful in this context. Private practice psychiatrists also have a crucial role of information towards their patients on confinement and barrier measures, and also on measures to prevent the psychological risks inherent in confinement: maintenance of regular sleep r, physical exercise, social interactions, stress management and coping strategies, prevention of addictions, etc. They should also be trained to prevent, detect and treat early warning symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, because their prevalence was high in the regions of China most affected by the pandemic. French mental healthcare is now facing a great and urgent need for reorganization and must also prepare in the coming days and weeks to face an epidemic of emotional disorders due to the confinement of the general population."}, {"pmid": 32458150, "pmcid": "PMC7250587", "title": "The role of the orthopaedic surgeon in the COVID-19 era: cautions and perspectives.", "journal": "J Exp Orthop", "authors": ["Ambrosio, Luca", "Vadala, Gianluca", "Russo, Fabrizio", "Papalia, Rocco", "Denaro, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revolutionized global healthcare in an unprecedented way and with unimaginable repercussions. Resource reallocation, socioeconomic confinement and reorganization of production activities are current challenges being faced both at the national and international levels, in a frame of uncertainty and fear. Hospitals have been restructured to provide the best care to COVID-19 patients while adopting preventive strategies not to spread the infection among healthcare providers and patients affected by other diseases. As a consequence, the concept of urgency and indications for elective treatments have been profoundly reshaped. In addition, several providers have been recruited in COVID-19 departments despite their original occupation, resulting in a profound rearrangement of both inpatient and outpatient care. Orthopaedic daily practice has been significantly affected by the pandemic. Surgical indications have been reformulated, with elective cases being promptly postponed and urgent interventions requiring exceptional attention, especially in suspected or COVID-19+ patients. This has made a strong impact on inpatient management, with the need of a dedicated staff, patient isolation and restrictive visiting hour policies. On the other hand, outpatient visits have been limited to reduce contacts between patients and the hospital personnel, with considerable consequences on post-operative quality of care and the human side of medical practice.In this review, we aim to analyze the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the orthopaedic practice. Particular attention will be dedicated to opportune surgical indication, perioperative care and safe management of both inpatients and outpatients, also considering repercussions of the pandemic on resident education and ethical implications."}, {"pmid": 32298982, "pmcid": "PMC7128942", "title": "Linear Regression Analysis to predict the number of deaths in India due to SARS-CoV-2 at 6 weeks from day 0 (100 cases - March 14th 2020).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ghosal, Samit", "Sengupta, Sumit", "Majumder, Milan", "Sinha, Binayak"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298982", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "and Aims: No valid treatment or preventative strategy has evolved till date to counter the SARS CoV 2 (Novel Coronavirus) epidemic that originated in China in late 2019 and have since wrought havoc on millions across the world with illness, socioeconomic recession and death. This analysis was aimed at tracing a trend related to death counts expected at the 5th and 6th week of the COVID-19 in India. Validated database was used to procure global and Indian data related to coronavirus and related outcomes. Multiple regression and linear regression analyses were used interchangeably. Since the week 6 death count data was not correlated significantly with any of the chosen inputs, an auto-regression technique was employed to improve the predictive ability of the regression model. A linear regression analysis predicted average week 5 death count to be 211 with a 95% CI: 1.31-2.60). Similarly, week 6 death count, in spite of a strong correlation with input variables, did not pass the test of statistical significance. Using auto-regression technique and using week 5 death count as input the linear regression model predicted week 6 death count in India to be 467, while keeping at the back of our mind the risk of over-estimation by most of the risk-based models. According to our analysis, if situation continue in present state; projected death rate (n) is 211 and467 at the end of the 5th and 6th week from now, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32277022, "title": "Clinical Evaluation of the cobas SARS-CoV-2 Test and a Diagnostic Platform Switch during 48 Hours in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Poljak, Mario", "Korva, Misa", "Knap Gasper, Natasa", "Fujs Komlos, Kristina", "Sagadin, Martin", "Ursic, Tina", "Avsic Zupanc, Tatjana", "Petrovec, Miroslav"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277022", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Laboratories are currently witnessing extraordinary demand globally for sampling devices, reagents, consumables, and diagnostic instruments needed for timely diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To meet diagnostic needs as the pandemic grows, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently granted several commercial SARS-CoV-2 tests Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), but manufacturer-independent evaluation data are scarce. We performed the first manufacturer-independent evaluation of the fully automated sample-to-result two-target test cobas 6800 SARS-CoV-2 (cobas) (Roche Molecular Systems, Branchburg, NJ), which received U.S. FDA EUA on 12 March 2020. The comparator was a standardized 3-h SARS-CoV-2 protocol, consisting of RNA extraction using an automated portable instrument, followed by a two-target reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-PCR), which our laboratory has routinely used since January 2020 [V. M. Corman, O. Landt, M. Kaiser, R. Molenkamp, et al., Euro Surveill 25(3):pii=2000045, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045]. cobas and the comparator showed overall agreement of 98.1% and a kappa value of 0.95 on an in-house validation panel consisting of 217 well-characterized retrospective samples. Immediate prospective head-to-head comparative evaluation followed on 502 samples, and the diagnostic approaches showed overall agreement of 99.6% and a kappa value of 0.98. A good correlation (r2 = 0.96) between cycle threshold values for SARS-CoV-2-specific targets obtained by cobas and the comparator was observed. Our results showed that cobas is a reliable assay for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples collected in the Universal Transport Medium System (UTM-RT) (Copan, Brescia, Italy). Under the extraordinary circumstances that laboratories are facing worldwide, a safe diagnostic platform switch is feasible in only 48 h\u2009and in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic if carefully planned and executed."}, {"pmid": 32326343, "pmcid": "PMC7221591", "title": "Can Nanotechnology and Materials Science Help the Fight against SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Nanomaterials (Basel)", "authors": ["Sportelli, Maria Chiara", "Izzi, Margherita", "Kukushkina, Ekaterina A", "Hossain, Syed Imdadul", "Picca, Rosaria Anna", "Ditaranto, Nicoletta", "Cioffi, Nicola"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326343", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since 2004, we have been developing nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties, the so-called nanoantimicrobials. When the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged, we started investigating new and challenging routes to nanoantivirals. The two fields have some important points of contact. We would like to share with the readership our vision of the role a (nano)materials scientist can play in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. As researchers specifically working on surfaces and nanomaterials, in this letter we underline the importance of nanomaterial-based technological solutions in several aspects of the fight against the virus. While great resources are understandably being dedicated to treatment and diagnosis, more efforts could be dedicated to limit the virus spread. Increasing the efficacy of personal protection equipment, developing synergistic antiviral coatings, are only two of the cases discussed. This is not the first nor the last pandemic: our nanomaterials community may offer several technological solutions to challenge the ongoing and future global health emergencies. Readers' feedback and suggestions are warmly encouraged."}, {"pmid": 32396497, "title": "COVID-19-associated SIADH: a clue in the times of pandemic!", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Yousaf, Zohaib", "Al-Shokri, Shaikha D", "Al-Soub, Hussam", "Mohamed, Mouhand F H"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396497", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240582, "title": "Flattening the Curve for Incarcerated Populations - Covid-19 in Jails and Prisons.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Akiyama, Matthew J", "Spaulding, Anne C", "Rich, Josiah D"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240582", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301734, "pmcid": "PMC7184967", "title": "Regulation and Trust: 3-Month Follow-up Study on COVID-19 Mortality in 25 European Countries.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Oksanen, Atte", "Kaakinen, Markus", "Latikka, Rita", "Savolainen, Iina", "Savela, Nina", "Koivula, Aki"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301734", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has dramatically changed societies in 2020. Since the end of February, Europe has been hit particularly hard by COVID-19, but there are major country differences in both the spread of the virus and measures taken to stop the virus. Social psychological factors such as institutional trust could be important in understanding the development of the epidemic. The aim of this study was to examine country variations of COVID-19 mortality in Europe by analyzing social risk factors explaining the spread of the disease, restrictions and control measures, and institutional trust. The present study was based on a background analysis of European Social Survey data on 25 European countries (N=47,802). Multilevel mixed effects linear regression models focused on 84 days of the COVID-19 epidemic (January 22 to April 14, 2020) and modelled the daily COVID-19 mortality. Analysis focused on the impact of social relations, restrictions, and institutional trust within each country. The spread of the COVID-19 epidemic has been fast everywhere, but the findings revealed significant differences between countries in COVID-19 mortality. Perceived sociability predicted higher COVID-19 mortality. Major differences between the 25 countries were found in reaction times to the crisis. Late reaction to the crisis predicted later mortality figures. Institutional trust was associated with lower COVID-19 mortality. The analyses demonstrated the importance of societal and social psychological factors in the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. By considering multiple perspectives, this study showed that country differences in Europe are major, and this will have an impact on how countries will cope with the ongoing crisis in the following months. The results indicated the importance of timely restrictions and cooperation with people."}, {"pmid": 32353785, "pmcid": "PMC7184997", "title": "Patients with cancer in the era of 2019 novel coronavirus disease.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Hartemink, Koen J", "van Akkooi, Alexander C J", "Houwink, Aletta P I", "Voest, Emile E"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353785", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292235, "pmcid": "PMC7141472", "title": "The missing pieces in the jigsaw and need for cohesive research amidst COVID 19 global response.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Gupta, Naveen", "Singhai, Monil", "Garg, Shubha", "Shah, Dhara B", "Sood, Vishesh", "Singh, Sujeet Kr"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292235", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32185863, "pmcid": "PMC7228363", "title": "Crises drive innovation.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Gunner, C K", "Oliphant, R", "Watson, A J M"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185863", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372799, "pmcid": "PMC7194698", "title": "Death rate mystery.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Le Page, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372799", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Knowing the true rate of death from covid-19 will help us fight the pandemic, but for the moment it eludes us, reports Michael Le Page."}, {"pmid": 32376359, "pmcid": "PMC7196559", "title": "Design of a peptide-based subunit vaccine against novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Microb Pathog", "authors": ["Kalita, Parismita", "Padhi, Aditya K", "Zhang, Kam Y J", "Tripathi, Timir"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376359", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that was first reported in Wuhan, China, and has subsequently spread worldwide. In the absence of any antiviral or immunomodulatory therapies, the disease is spreading at an alarming rate. A possibility of a resurgence of COVID-19 in places where lockdowns have already worked is also developing. Thus, for controlling COVID-19, vaccines may be a better option than drugs. An mRNA-based anti-COVID-19 candidate vaccine has entered a phase 1 clinical trial. However, its efficacy and potency have to be evaluated and validated. Since vaccines have high failure rates, as an alternative, we are presenting a new, designed multi-peptide subunit-based epitope vaccine against COVID-19. The recombinant vaccine construct comprises an adjuvant, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL), helper T-lymphocyte (HTL), and B-cell epitopes joined by linkers. The computational data suggest that the vaccine is non-toxic, non-allergenic, thermostable, with the capability to elicit a humoral and cell-mediated immune response. The stabilization of the vaccine construct is validated with molecular dynamics simulation studies. This unique vaccine is made up of 33 highly antigenic epitopes from three proteins that have a prominent role in host-receptor recognition, viral entry, and pathogenicity. We advocate this vaccine must be synthesized and tested urgently as a public health priority."}, {"pmid": 32315732, "pmcid": "PMC7166039", "title": "Virtual Visits for Care of Patients with Heart Failure in the Era of COVID-19: A Statement from the Heart Failure Society of America.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Gorodeski, Eiran Z", "Goyal, Parag", "Cox, Zachary L", "Thibodeau, Jennifer T", "Reay, Rebecca E", "Rasmusson, Kismet", "Rogers, Joseph G", "Starling, Randall C"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315732", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, US federal and state governments have implemented wide-ranging stay-at-home recommendations as a means to reduce spread of infection. As a consequence, many US healthcare systems and practices have curtailed ambulatory clinic visits-pillars of care for patients with heart failure (HF). In this context, synchronous audio/video interactions, also known as virtual visits (VVs), have emerged as an innovative and necessary alternative. This scientific statement outlines the benefits and challenges of VVs, enumerates changes in policy and reimbursement that have increased the feasibility of VVs during the COVID-19 era, describes platforms and models of care for VVs, and provides a vision for the future of VVs."}, {"pmid": 32345693, "title": "Enhancing the triage and cohort of patients in public primary care clinics in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hong Kong: an experience from a hospital cluster.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Chan, Pang Fai", "Lai, Kit Ping Loretta", "Chao, David Vai Kiong", "Fung, Sau Chun Kitty"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345693", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513532, "title": "Altered COVID-19 receptor ACE2 expression in a higher risk group for cerebrovascular disease and ischemic stroke.", "journal": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun", "authors": ["Choi, Ji-Young", "Lee, Hye-Kyung", "Park, Jung Hyun", "Cho, Sun-Jung", "Kwon, Munjin", "Jo, Chulman", "Koh, Young Ho"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513532", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic. It has a high transmission rate among humans, and is a threat to global public health. However, there are no effective prophylactics or therapeutics available. It is necessary to identify vulnerable and susceptible groups for adequate protection and care against this disease. Recent studies have reported that COVID-19 has angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a functional receptor, which may lead to the development of severe cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), including strokes, in patients with risk factors for CVD such as diabetes and smoking. Thus, the World Health Organization (WHO) advised caution against COVID-19 for smokers and patients with underlying clinical symptoms, including cardiovascular diseases. Here, we observed ACE2 expression in the brain of rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and evaluated the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and diabetes on ACE2 expression in vessels. We showed that the levels of ACE2 expression was increased in the cortex penumbra after ischemic injuries. CSE treatment significantly elevated ACE2 expression in human brain vessels. We found that ACE2 expression was upregulated in primary cultured human blood vessels with diabetes compared to healthy controls. This study demonstrates that ACE2 expression is increased in ischemic brains and vessels exposed to diabetes or smoking, makes them vulnerable to COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32376320, "pmcid": "PMC7196539", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection in the female lower genital tract.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Cui, Pengfei", "Chen, Zhe", "Wang, Tian", "Dai, Jun", "Zhang, Jinjin", "Ding, Ting", "Jiang, Jingjing", "Liu, Jia", "Zhang, Cong", "Shan, Wanying", "Wang, Sheng", "Rong, Yueguang", "Chang, Jiang", "Miao, Xiaoping", "Ma, Xiangyi", "Wang, Shixuan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376320", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315256, "title": "Introduction: A New Coronavirus Emerges, This Time Causing a Pandemic.", "journal": "Annu Rev Virol", "authors": ["DiMaio, Daniel", "Enquist, Lynn W", "Dermody, Terence S"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315256", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422501, "pmcid": "PMC7227526", "title": "Somatic symptoms and concern regarding COVID-19 among Chinese college and primary school students: A cross-sectional survey.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Liu, Shengyi", "Liu, Ying", "Liu, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422501", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid, ongoing and worldwide coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a global public health emergency. Our objective was to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on somatic symptoms among Chinese college and primary school students, to provide reference data pertaining to the mental health of this population in the context of a public health emergency. In February and March 2020, we explored the somatic symptoms and concerns regarding COVID-19 of 399 college and primary school students in Sichuan Province using the Somatic Self-rating Scale (SSS) and a novel questionnaire, respectively. Logistic regression analysis and non-parametric tests were used to analyze the data. The incidence of somatic symptoms among college students was 34.85 (mild, 26.26%; moderate, 8.59%). The incidence of somatic symptoms in primary school students was 2.39% (all mild). Among the entire cohort, concern regarding COVID-19 was positively correlated with the occurrence of somatic symptoms. Somatic symptoms were more likely among college students expressing greater concern regarding the threat to life and health posed by COVID-19, and the efficacy of prevention and control measures. Among primary school students, only the concern for life and health was associated with a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms. Our data indicate that governments and other relevant agencies should implement different measures to prevent and control mental health disorders diseases in primary school and college students."}, {"pmid": 32335233, "pmcid": "PMC7177111", "title": "Personal protective equipment in the response to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak - A letter to the editor on \"World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)\" (Int J Surg 2020; 76:71-6).", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Ali, Yousif", "Alradhawi, Mohammad", "Shubber, Nour", "Abbas, Abdul-Rahman"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335233", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253888, "title": "Coronavirus COV-19/SARS-CoV-2 affects women less than men: clinical response to viral infection.", "journal": "J Biol Regul Homeost Agents", "authors": ["Conti, P", "Younes, A"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253888", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "CoV-19/SARS-CoV-2 is a highly pathogenic virus that causes coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) an acute respiratory distress syndrome which provokes serious problems for global health. Studies suggest that there are many differences between men and women in the immune response to CoV-19 infection and inflammatory diseases. Women, compared to men, are less susceptible to viral infections based on a different innate immunity, steroid hormones and factors related to sex chromosomes. The presence of two X chromosomes in women emphasize the immune system even if one is inactive. The immune regulatory genes encoded by X chromosome in female gender causes lower viral load levels, and less inflammation than in man, while CD4+ T cells are higher with better immune response. In addition, women generally produce higher levels of antibodies which remain in the circulation longer. The levels of activation of the immune cells are higher in women than in men, and it is correlated with the trigger of TLR7 and the production of IFN. TLR7 is higher in women than in men and its biallelic expression leads to higher immune responses and increases the resistance to viral infections. TLR7 is expressed in innate immune cells which recognizes single strand RNA virus by promoting the production of antibodies against the virus and the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and IL-1 family members. Moreover, in women the production of inflammatory IL-6 after viral infection is lower than in males and is often correlated with a better longevity. In addition, on the X chromosome there are loci that code for the genes involved in the regulation of immune cells such as FOXP3, and transcription factor for Treg involved in virus pathogenesis. The X chromosome influences the immune system by acting on many other proteins, including TLR8, CD40L and CXCR3 which can be over-expressed in women, and influence the response to viral infections and vaccinations. However, the biallelic expression of the X-linked genes can promote harmful autoimmune and inflammatory responses. Cardiovascular diseases are more frequent in males and subjects without cardiovascular dysfunctions infected by CoV-19 have a better prognosis, but these effects are still under study. It is hoped that certain drugs, such as CoV-19 receptor blockers, anti-inflammatories (against rheumatic diseases), monoclonal antibodies, anti-IL-1 and anti-IL-6, the remdesevir drug (analogue adenosine, effective against ebola), hydroxychloroquine (for the treatment of malaria) and vaccines, will open up new strategies and new therapeutic ways to combat this terrible virus."}, {"pmid": 32444354, "title": "Test Agreement Between Roche Cobas 6800 and Cepheid GeneXpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 Assays at High Cycle Threshold Ranges.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Broder, Kari", "Babiker, Ahmed", "Myers, Charles", "White, Terri", "Jones, Heather", "Cardella, John", "Burd, Eileen M", "Hill, Charles E", "Kraft, Colleen S"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444354", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has changed the face of the globe and upended the daily lives of billions.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32401931, "title": "Biological and social aspects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) related to oral health.", "journal": "Braz Oral Res", "authors": ["Pereira, Luciano Jose", "Pereira, Cassio Vicente", "Murata, Ramiro Mendonca", "Pardi, Vanessa", "Pereira-Dourado, Stela Marcia"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401931", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The expansion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) throughout the world has alarmed all health professionals. Especially in dentistry, there is a growing concern due to it's high virulence and routes of transmission through saliva aerosols. The virus keeps viable on air for at least 3 hours and on plastic and stainless-steel surfaces up to 72 hours. In this sense, dental offices, both in the public and private sectors, are high-risk settings of cross infection among patients, dentists and health professionals in the clinical environment (including hospital's intensive dental care facilities). This manuscript aims to compile current available evidence on prevention strategies for dental professionals. Besides, we briefly describe promising treatment strategies recognized until this moment. The purpose is to clarify dental practitioners about the virus history and microbiology, besides guiding on how to proceed during emergency consultations based on international documents. Dentists should consider that a substantial number of individuals (including children) who do not show any signs and symptoms of COVID-19 may be infected and can disseminate the virus. Currently, there is no effective treatment and fast diagnosis is still a challenge. All elective dental treatments and non-essential procedures should be postponed, keeping only urgent and emergency visits to the dental office. The use of teledentistry (phone calls, text messages) is a very promising tool to keep contact with the patient without being at risk of infection."}, {"pmid": 32360811, "pmcid": "PMC7191273", "title": "Incidence and Patterns of COVID-19 Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients From the Nancy and Milan Cohorts.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Allocca, Mariangela", "Fiorino, Gionata", "Zallot, Camille", "Furfaro, Federica", "Gilardi, Daniela", "Radice, Simona", "Danese, Silvio", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360811", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first cases of COVID-19 infection were reported in December, 2019, in Wuhan, China. Italy (in particular Lombardy) and France (in particular Northeast) have been gravely hit. Both physicians and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are deeply concerned that immunosuppressants or biologics may increase the risk of COVID-19 infection. IOIBD has put in place an international registry, SECURE-IBD, for tracking all the cases with IBDs infected by COVID-19 (SECURE-IBD registry: http://www.covidibd.org). It will describe the outcomes of infected patients and the association between IBD-related medications and these outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32511704, "title": "Pandemic Planning in Homeless Shelters: A pilot study of a COVID-19 testing and support program to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in congregate settings.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bodkin, Claire", "Mokashi, Vaibhav", "Beal, Kerry", "Wiwcharuk, Jill", "Lennox, Robin", "Guenter, Dale", "Smieja, Marek", "O'Shea, Timothy"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511704", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We tested 104 residents and 141 staff for COVID-19 who failed daily symptom screening in homeless shelters in Hamilton, Canada. We detected one resident (1%), seven staff (5%) and one case of secondary spread. Shelter restructuring to allow physical distancing, testing and isolation can decrease outbreaks in shelters."}, {"pmid": 32141619, "pmcid": "PMC7228390", "title": "The transmission and diagnosis of 2019 novel coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19): A Chinese perspective.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Han, Yu", "Yang, Hailan"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32141619", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which originated in Wuhan, China, has attracted the world's attention over the last month. The Chinese government has taken emergency measures to control the outbreak and has undertaken initial steps in the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19). However, SARS-CoV-2 possesses powerful pathogenicity as well as transmissibility and still holds many mysteries that are yet to be solved, such as whether the virus can be transmitted by asymptomatic patients or by mothers to their infants. Our research presents selected available cases of COVID-19 in China to better understand the transmission and diagnosis regarding this infectious disease."}, {"pmid": 32425734, "pmcid": "PMC7229969", "title": "Redesign of a GI endoscopy unit during the COVID-19 emergency: A practical model.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Cennamo, Vincenzo", "Bassi, Marco", "Landi, Stefano", "Apolito, Pasquale", "Ghersi, Stefania", "Dabizzi, Emanuele", "Polifemo, Anna Maria", "Gizzi, Giuseppe", "Guicciardi, Stefano", "Indelicato, Giuseppe", "Cascone, Carmelo", "Tovoli, Daniele", "Tumietto, Fabio", "Viale, Pierluigi", "Jovine, Elio", "Repici, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425734", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic diffusion of the SARS-CoV-2 infection throughout the world required measures to prevent and strategies to control the infection, as well as the reallocation of the hospital structures in order to take care of an increased number of infected patients. Endoscopy Units should be able to perform endoscopic procedures on COVID-19 infected as well as on noninfected patients. The aim of this manuscript is to propose a model for a fast reorganization of the endoscopy department environment in order to safely perform endoscopic procedures in this Pandemic COVID-19 scenario, according to the current advices given by the Scientific Societies."}, {"pmid": 32330322, "pmcid": "PMC7267307", "title": "Did Whatsapp((R)) reveal a new cutaneous COVID-19 manifestation?", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Duong, T A", "Velter, C", "Rybojad, M", "Comte, C", "Bagot, M", "Sulimovic, L", "Bouaziz, J D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330322", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32163542, "pmcid": "PMC7081173", "title": "Histopathologic Changes and SARS-CoV-2 Immunostaining in the Lung of a Patient With COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Huilan", "Zhou, Peng", "Wei, Yanqiu", "Yue, Huihui", "Wang, Yi", "Hu, Ming", "Zhang, Shu", "Cao, Tanze", "Yang, Chengqing", "Li, Ming", "Guo, Guangyun", "Chen, Xianxiang", "Chen, Ying", "Lei, Mei", "Liu, Huiguo", "Zhao, Jianping", "Peng, Peng", "Wang, Cong-Yi", "Du, Ronghui"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32163542", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449297, "pmcid": "PMC7267088", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Virulence: Interplay of Floating Virus-Laden Particles, Climate, and Humans.", "journal": "Adv Biosyst", "authors": ["Hosseini, Vahid"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449297", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the emergence of COVID-19, it is important to address the possible scenarios of SARS-CoV-2 virulence. Although several researchers have addressed the possible mechanisms of enveloped virus transfection, for example, influenza, here, the relationship between exhaled virus laden-particles, the climate, and transfection probability is discussed by interpreting the findings of prior studies. Importantly, the higher probability of viral transfection in cold and dry public spaces such as near cold shelves of groceries is illustrated. Thus, additional protective measures in such spaces are recommended."}, {"pmid": 32272173, "pmcid": "PMC7194977", "title": "Coronavirus membrane fusion mechanism offers a potential target for antiviral development.", "journal": "Antiviral Res", "authors": ["Tang, Tiffany", "Bidon, Miya", "Jaimes, Javier A", "Whittaker, Gary R", "Daniel, Susan"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272173", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has focused attention on the need to develop effective therapies against the causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, and also against other pathogenic coronaviruses (CoV) that have emerged in the past or might appear in future. Researchers are therefore focusing on steps in the CoV replication cycle that may be vulnerable to inhibition by broad-spectrum or specific antiviral agents. The conserved nature of the fusion domain and mechanism across the CoV family make it a valuable target to elucidate and develop pan-CoV therapeutics. In this article, we review the role of the CoV spike protein in mediating fusion of the viral and host cell membranes, summarizing the results of research on SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and recent peer-reviewed studies of SARS-CoV-2, and suggest that the fusion mechanism be investigated as a potential antiviral target. We also provide a supplemental file containing background information on the biology, epidemiology, and clinical features of all human-infecting coronaviruses, along with a phylogenetic tree of these coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32441330, "title": "Video calls for reducing social isolation and loneliness in older people: a rapid review.", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "authors": ["Noone, Chris", "McSharry, Jenny", "Smalle, Mike", "Burns, Annette", "Dwan, Kerry", "Devane, Declan", "Morrissey, Eimear C"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441330", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has been identified as a possible trigger for increases in loneliness and social isolation among older people due to the restrictions on movement that many countries have put in place. Loneliness and social isolation are consistently identified as risk factors for poor mental and physical health in older people. Video calls may help older people stay connected during the current crisis by widening the participant's social circle or by increasing the frequency of contact with existing acquaintances. The primary objective of this rapid review is to assess the effectiveness of video calls for reducing social isolation and loneliness in older adults. The review also sought to address the effectiveness of video calls on reducing symptoms of depression and improving quality of life. We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL from 1 January 2004 to 7 April 2020. We also searched the references of relevant systematic reviews. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs (including cluster designs) were eligible for inclusion. We excluded all other study designs. The samples in included studies needed to have a mean age of at least 65 years. We included studies that included participants whether or not they were experiencing symptoms of loneliness or social isolation at baseline.\u00a0Any intervention in which a core component involved the use of the internet to facilitate video calls or video conferencing through computers, smartphones or tablets with the intention of reducing loneliness or social isolation, or both, in older adults was eligible for inclusion. We included studies in the review if they reported self-report measures of loneliness, social isolation, symptoms of depression or quality of life.\u00a0 Two review authors screened 25% of abstracts; a third review author resolved conflicts. A single review author screened the remaining abstracts. The second review author screened all excluded abstracts and we resolved conflicts by consensus or by involving a third review author. We followed the same process for full-text articles. One review author extracted data, which another review author checked. The primary outcomes were loneliness and social isolation and the secondary outcomes were symptoms of depression and quality of life. One review author rated the certainty of evidence for the primary outcomes according to the GRADE approach and another review author checked the ratings. We conducted fixed-effect meta-analyses for the primary outcome, loneliness, and the secondary outcome, symptoms of depression. We identified three cluster quasi-randomised trials, which together included 201 participants. The included studies compared video call interventions to usual care in nursing homes. None of these studies were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u00a0 Each study measured loneliness using the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Total scores range from 20 (least lonely) to 80 (most lonely). The evidence was very uncertain and suggests that video calls may result in little to no difference in scores on the UCLA Loneliness Scale compared to usual care at three months (mean difference (MD) -0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.28 to 2.41; 3 studies; 201 participants), at six months (MD -0.34, 95% CI -3.41 to 2.72; 2 studies; 152 participants) and at 12 months (MD -2.40, 95% CI -7.20 to 2.40; 1 study; 90 participants). We downgraded the certainty of this evidence by three levels for study limitations, imprecision and indirectness. None of the included studies reported social isolation as an outcome. Each study measured symptoms of depression using the Geriatric Depression Scale. Total scores range from 0 (better) to 30 (worse). The evidence was very uncertain and\u00a0suggests that video calls may result in little to no difference in scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale compared to usual care at three months' follow-up (MD 0.41, 95% CI -0.90 to 1.72; 3 studies; 201 participants) or six months' follow-up (MD -0.83, 95% CI -2.43 to 0.76; 2 studies, 152 participants). The evidence suggests that video calls may have a small effect on symptoms of depression at one-year follow-up, though this finding is imprecise (MD -2.04, 95% CI -3.98 to -0.10; 1 study; 90 participants).\u00a0We downgraded the certainty of this evidence by three levels for study limitations, imprecision and indirectness. Only one study, with 62 participants, reported quality of life. The study measured quality of life using a Taiwanese adaptation of the Short-Form 36-question health survey (SF-36), which consists of eight subscales that measure different aspects of quality of life: physical function; physical role; emotional role; social function; pain: vitality; mental health; and physical health.\u00a0Each subscale\u00a0is scored from 0 (poor health) to 100 (good health). The evidence is very uncertain and suggests that there may be little to no difference between people allocated to usual care and those allocated to video calls in three-month scores in physical function (MD 2.88, 95% CI -5.01 to 10.77), physical role (MD -7.66, 95% CI -24.08 to 8.76), emotional role (MD -7.18, 95% CI -16.23 to 1.87), social function (MD 2.77, 95% CI -8.87 to 14.41), pain scores (MD -3.25, 95% CI -15.11 to 8.61), vitality scores (MD -3.60, 95% CI -9.01 to 1.81), mental health (MD 9.19, 95% CI 0.36 to 18.02)\u00a0and physical health (MD 5.16, 95% CI -2.48 to 12.80). We downgraded the certainty of this evidence by three levels for study limitations, imprecision and indirectness. Based on this review there is currently very uncertain evidence on the effectiveness of video call interventions to reduce loneliness in older adults. The review did not include any studies that reported evidence of the effectiveness of video call interventions to address social isolation in older adults. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of video calls for outcomes of symptoms of depression was very uncertain. Future research in this area needs to use more rigorous methods and more diverse and representative participants. Specifically, future studies should target older adults, who are demonstrably lonely or socially isolated, or both, across a range of settings to determine whether video call interventions are effective in a population in which these outcomes are in need of improvement."}, {"pmid": 32320741, "pmcid": "PMC7166301", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Zheng, Kenneth I", "Gao, Feng", "Wang, Xiao-Bo", "Sun, Qing-Feng", "Pan, Ke-Hua", "Wang, Ting-Yao", "Ma, Hong-Lei", "Chen, Yong-Ping", "Liu, Wen-Yue", "George, Jacob", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320741", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478596, "title": "Charting a Safe and Expeditious Course Back to Elective Cardiac Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Innovations (Phila)", "authors": ["Frankel, William C", "Nguyen, Tom C", "Weiss, Aaron J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478596", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437551, "title": "Preventing COVID-19 in Assisted Living Facilities-A Balancing Act.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Jenq, Grace Y", "Mills, John P", "Malani, Preeti N"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437551", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483014, "title": "MCAT Testing During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Michalec, Barret"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483014", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389331, "pmcid": "PMC7186124", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on medical student surgical education: Implementing extreme pandemic response measures in a widely distributed surgical clerkship experience.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Calhoun, Kristine E", "Yale, Laura A", "Whipple, Mark E", "Allen, Suzanne M", "Wood, Douglas E", "Tatum, Roger P"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389331", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266694, "pmcid": "PMC7138193", "title": "Chloroquine for COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Drug Saf", "authors": ["Moore, Nicholas"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266694", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327737, "pmcid": "PMC7187148", "title": "Obesity and impaired metabolic health in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Endocrinol", "authors": ["Stefan, Norbert", "Birkenfeld, Andreas L", "Schulze, Matthias B", "Ludwig, David S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327737", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224232, "pmcid": "PMC7195089", "title": "COVID-19: Pandemic Contingency Planning for the Allergy and Immunology Clinic.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Shaker, Marcus S", "Oppenheimer, John", "Grayson, Mitchell", "Stukus, David", "Hartog, Nicholas", "Hsieh, Elena W Y", "Rider, Nicholas", "Dutmer, Cullen M", "Vander Leek, Timothy K", "Kim, Harold", "Chan, Edmond S", "Mack, Doug", "Ellis, Anne K", "Lang, David", "Lieberman, Jay", "Fleischer, David", "Golden, David B K", "Wallace, Dana", "Portnoy, Jay", "Mosnaim, Giselle", "Greenhawt, Matthew"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224232", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the event of a global infectious pandemic, drastic measures may be needed that limit or require adjustment of ambulatory allergy services. However, no rationale for how to prioritize service shut down and patient care exists. A consensus-based ad-hoc expert panel of allergy/immunology specialists from the United States and Canada developed a service and patient prioritization schematic to temporarily triage allergy/immunology services. Recommendations and feedback were developed iteratively, using an adapted modified Delphi methodology to achieve consensus. During the ongoing pandemic while social distancing is being encouraged, most allergy/immunology care could be postponed/delayed or handled through virtual care. With the exception of many patients with primary immunodeficiency, patients on venom immunotherapy, and patients with asthma of a certain severity, there is limited need for face-to-face visits under such conditions. These suggestions are intended to help provide a logical approach to quickly adjust service to mitigate risk to both medical staff and patients. Importantly, individual community circumstances may be unique and require contextual consideration. The decision to enact any of these measures rests with the judgment of each clinician and individual health care system. Pandemics are unanticipated, and enforced social distancing/quarantining is highly unusual. This expert panel consensus document offers a prioritization rational to help guide decision making when such situations arise and an allergist/immunologist is forced to reduce services or makes the decision on his or her own to do so."}, {"pmid": 32407756, "pmcid": "PMC7212981", "title": "Clinical and conceptual comments on \"Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis\".", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Jayaraj, Rama", "Kumarasamy, Chellan", "Shetty, Sameep S", "Ram M, Ravishankar", "Shaw, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407756", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467007, "pmcid": "PMC7239781", "title": "Successful treatment of a centenarian with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using convalescent plasma.", "journal": "Transfus Apher Sci", "authors": ["Kong, Yujie", "Cai, Chen", "Ling, Li", "Zeng, Li", "Wu, Meihong", "Wu, Yanyun", "Zhang, Wei", "Liu, Zhong"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467007", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Because treatment options for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are very limited, the use of convalescent plasma has bee explored. A male centenarian with cough and dyspnea for 2 months was diagnosed with COVID-19. Without effective treatments and with the increased risks of antiviral therapy for the elderly, this patient was given convalescent plasma. The viral load, complete blood count, inflammatory indicators, vital signs, and clinical symptoms were observed before and after COVID-19 convalescent plasma transfusion. After convalescent plasma transfusion, significant improvement was observed on laboratory indicators and clinical symptoms of the patient. Concurrently, SARS-CoV-2 viral load decreased sharply after the first transfusion (from 2.55 \u00d7 104 to 1.39 \u00d7 103 copies/mL) and became undetectable after the second transfusion. With the substantial increase of COVID-19 in recent months,treatment for elderly patients has become restricted in some countries. The successful treatment of this 100-year-old patient using convalescent plasma suggests that we should consider adding convalescent plasma in th management of the elderly."}, {"pmid": 32379894, "pmcid": "PMC7267665", "title": "Association between ABO blood groups and risk of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Li, Juyi", "Wang, Xiufang", "Chen, Jian", "Cai, Yi", "Deng, Aiping", "Yang, Ming"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379894", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277470, "pmcid": "PMC7262151", "title": "Breaking Social Isolation Amidst COVID-19: A Viewpoint on Improving Access to Technology in Long-Term Care Facilities.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Eghtesadi, Marzieh"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277470", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359396, "pmcid": "PMC7192089", "title": "A Dynamic Immune Response Shapes COVID-19 Progression.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Ong, Eugenia Ziying", "Chan, Yvonne Fu Zi", "Leong, Wan Ying", "Lee, Natalie Mei Ying", "Kalimuddin, Shirin", "Haja Mohideen, Salahudeen Mohamed", "Chan, Kian Sing", "Tan, Anthony Tanoto", "Bertoletti, Antonio", "Ooi, Eng Eong", "Low, Jenny Guek Hong"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359396", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The inflammatory response to SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is thought to underpin COVID-19 pathogenesis. We conducted daily transcriptomic profiling of three COVID-19 cases and found that the early immune response in COVID-19 patients is highly dynamic. Patient throat swabs were tested daily for SARS-CoV-2, with the virus persisting for 3 to 4\u00a0weeks in all three patients. Cytokine analyses of whole blood revealed increased cytokine expression in the single most severe case. However, most inflammatory gene expression peaked after respiratory function nadir, except expression in the IL1 pathway. Parallel analyses of CD4 and CD8 expression suggested that the pro-inflammatory response may be intertwined with T\u00a0cell activation that could exacerbate disease or prolong the infection. Collectively, these findings hint at the possibility that IL1 and related pro-inflammatory pathways may be prognostic and serve as therapeutic targets for COVID-19. This work may also guide future studies to illuminate COVID-19 pathogenesis and develop host-directed therapies."}, {"pmid": 32298146, "pmcid": "PMC7258631", "title": "Hospital Preparedness for COVID-19: A Practical Guide from a Critical Care Perspective.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Griffin, Kelly M", "Karas, Maria G", "Ivascu, Natalia S", "Lief, Lindsay"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298146", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the estimated potential impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on New York City hospitals, our institution prepared for an influx of critically ill patients. Multiple areas of surge planning progressed, simultaneously focused on infection control, clinical operational challenges, ICU surge capacity, staffing, ethics, and maintenance of staff wellness. The protocols developed focused on clinical decisions regarding intubation, the use of high-flow oxygen, engagement with infectious disease consultants, and cardiac arrest. Mechanisms to increase bed capacity and increase efficiency in ICUs by outsourcing procedures were implemented. Novel uses of technology to minimize staff exposure to COVID-19 as well as to facilitate family engagement and end-of-life discussions were encouraged. Education and communication remained key in our attempts to standardize care, stay apprised on emerging data, and review seminal literature on respiratory failure. Challenges were encountered and overcome through interdisciplinary collaboration and iterative surge planning as ICU admissions rose. Support was provided for both clinical and nonclinical staff affected by the profound impact COVID-19 had on our city. We describe in granular detail the procedures and processes that were developed during a 1-month period while surge planning was ongoing and the need for ICU capacity rose exponentially. The approaches described here provide a potential roadmap for centers that must rapidly adapt to the tremendous challenge posed by this and potential future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32359454, "pmcid": "PMC7252072", "title": "COVID-19: remaking the social contract.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359454", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329337, "pmcid": "PMC7185834", "title": "Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Common Fabrics Used in Respiratory Cloth Masks.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Konda, Abhiteja", "Prakash, Abhinav", "Moss, Gregory A", "Schmoldt, Michael", "Grant, Gregory D", "Guha, Supratik"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329337", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of a pandemic affecting the respiratory system can result in a significant demand for face masks. This includes the use of cloth masks by large sections of the public, as can be seen during the current global spread of COVID-19. However, there is limited knowledge available on the performance of various commonly available fabrics used in cloth masks. Importantly, there is a need to evaluate filtration efficiencies as a function of aerosol particulate sizes in the 10 nm to 10 \u03bcm range, which is particularly relevant for respiratory virus transmission. We have carried out these studies for several common fabrics including cotton, silk, chiffon, flannel, various synthetics, and their combinations. Although the filtration efficiencies for various fabrics when a single layer was used ranged from 5 to 80% and\u00a05 to 95% for particle sizes of <300 nm and >300 nm, respectively, the efficiencies improved when multiple layers were used and when using a specific combination of different fabrics. Filtration efficiencies of the hybrids (such as cotton-silk, cotton-chiffon, cotton-flannel) was >80% (for particles <300 nm) and >90% (for particles >300 nm). We speculate that the enhanced performance of the hybrids is likely due to the combined effect of mechanical and electrostatic-based filtration. Cotton, the most widely used material for cloth masks performs better at higher weave densities (i.e., thread\u00a0count) and can make a significant difference in filtration efficiencies. Our studies also imply that gaps (as caused by an improper fit of the mask) can result in over a 60% decrease in the filtration efficiency, implying the need for future cloth mask design studies to take into account issues of \"fit\" and leakage, while allowing the exhaled air to vent efficiently. Overall, we find that combinations of various commonly available fabrics used in cloth masks can potentially provide significant protection against the transmission of aerosol particles."}, {"pmid": 32169615, "pmcid": "PMC7124317", "title": "Makeshift hospitals for COVID-19 patients: where health-care workers and patients need sufficient ventilation for more protection.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Chen, C", "Zhao, B"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169615", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528045, "pmcid": "PMC7288256", "title": "Managing fragility fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Rev Endocrinol", "authors": ["Napoli, Nicola", "Elderkin, Ann L", "Kiel, Douglas P", "Khosla, Sundeep"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528045", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396126, "title": "Predicting COVID-19 in China Using Hybrid AI Model.", "journal": "IEEE Trans Cybern", "authors": ["Zheng, Nanning", "Du, Shaoyi", "Wang, Jianji", "Zhang, He", "Cui, Wenting", "Kang, Zijian", "Yang, Tao", "Lou, Bin", "Chi, Yuting", "Long, Hong", "Ma, Mei", "Yuan, Qi", "Zhang, Shupei", "Zhang, Dong", "Ye, Feng", "Xin, Jingmin"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396126", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) breaking out in late December 2019 is gradually being controlled in China, but it is still spreading rapidly in many other countries and regions worldwide. It is urgent to conduct prediction research on the development and spread of the epidemic. In this article, a hybrid artificial-intelligence (AI) model is proposed for COVID-19 prediction. First, as traditional epidemic models treat all individuals with coronavirus as having the same infection rate, an improved susceptible-infected (ISI) model is proposed to estimate the variety of the infection rates for analyzing the transmission laws and development trend. Second, considering the effects of prevention and control measures and the increase of the public's prevention awareness, the natural language processing (NLP) module and the long short-term memory (LSTM) network are embedded into the ISI model to build the hybrid AI model for COVID-19 prediction. The experimental results on the epidemic data of several typical provinces and cities in China show that individuals with coronavirus have a higher infection rate within the third to eighth days after they were infected, which is more in line with the actual transmission laws of the epidemic. Moreover, compared with the traditional epidemic models, the proposed hybrid AI model can significantly reduce the errors of the prediction results and obtain the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) with 0.52%, 0.38%, 0.05%, and 0.86% for the next six days in Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai, and countrywide, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32412919, "title": "Gender and Age Differences Reveal Risk Patterns in COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Altern Ther Health Med", "authors": ["Singh, Yogendra", "Gupta, Gaurav", "Mishra, Anurag", "Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar", "Dua, Kamal"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412919", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By April 28th 2020, the global number of people that were viciously infected with the newfound novel corona virus (COVID-19) stood at a staggering 3 077 133 cases, as per the confirmed data released by the WHO. It has been reported that women from the Chinese Han population are associated with essential hypertension due to their relation with the 5 SNPs, namely, rs1514283, rs4646155, rs4646176, rs2285666, and rs879922, which belong to the ACE2 gene. The level of ACE2 activity was very low in normal healthy younger persons, and was reported to be increased in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Thus, there might be severe myocarditis, that may result in acute heart failure and cardiac complexities in the elderly subjects."}, {"pmid": 32342164, "pmcid": "PMC7184943", "title": "Emergency Responses to Covid-19 Outbreak: Experiences and Lessons from a General Hospital in Nanjing, China.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Shen, Yang", "Cui, Ying", "Li, Ning", "Tian, Chen", "Chen, Ming", "Zhang, Ye-Wei", "Huang, Ying-Zi", "Chen, Hui", "Kong, Qing-Fang", "Zhang, Qun", "Teng, Gao-Jun"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342164", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused wide dissemination across the world. Global health systems are facing the unprecedented challenges. Here we shared the experiences and lessons in emergency responses and management from our hospital, a government-assigned regional anti-Covid-19 general hospital in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Our periodic strategies in dealing with Covid-19 were described in detail. An administrative response including the establishment of Emergency Leadership Committee that was in full charge of management was established. Modifications of infrastructure including the Fever Clinic, inpatient ward, outpatient clinic and operation room were carried out. Special arrangements for outpatient services, hospitalization and surgeries were introduced. Medical personnel training and patient educations were performed. Initiations of Covid-19 researches and application of information technology were introduced. Since January 16, three cases have been confirmed in our hospital and no healthcare-associated infection was found. During the epidemics, 6.46% staffs suffered depression, 9.87% had anxiety, and 98% were satisfied with the infection control policy. Shortages in staffs and medical consumables, and limitation in space were the obstacles we encountered. As the cost of in-hospital transmission is unbearable, our experiences and lessons suggested that prompt actions should be taken immediately to decrease or eliminate potential in-hospital transmission. Experience shared herein may be useful for those facilities that are and may encounter Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32518108, "title": "Universal vote-by-mail has no impact on partisan turnout or vote share.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Thompson, Daniel M", "Wu, Jennifer A", "Yoder, Jesse", "Hall, Andrew B"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518108", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many scholars and policy makers are urging the United States to expand voting-by-mail programs to safeguard the electoral process. What are the effects of vote-by-mail? In this paper, we provide a comprehensive design-based analysis of the effect of universal vote-by-mail-a policy under which every voter is mailed a ballot in advance of the election-on electoral outcomes. We collect data from 1996 to 2018 on all three US states that implemented universal vote-by-mail in a staggered fashion across counties, allowing us to use a difference-in-differences design at the county level to estimate causal effects. We find that 1) universal vote-by-mail does not appear to affect either party's share of turnout, 2) universal vote-by-mail does not appear to increase either party's vote share, and 3) universal vote-by-mail modestly increases overall average turnout rates, in line with previous estimates. All three conclusions support the conventional wisdom of election administration experts and contradict many popular claims in the media."}, {"pmid": 32342040, "pmcid": "PMC7183947", "title": "Covid-19 and perioperative mortality; where do we stand?", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Shakiba, Behnam", "Irani, Shirin"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342040", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461408, "title": "All India Ophthalmological Society - Oculoplastics Association of India consensus statement on preferred practices in oculoplasty and lacrimal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Ali, Mohammad Javed", "Hegde, Raghuraj", "Nair, Akshay Gopinathan", "Bajaj, Mandeep S", "Betharia, Subhash M", "Bhattacharjee, Kasturi", "Chhabra, Apjit K", "Das, Jayanta K", "Dudeja, Gagan", "Grover, Ashok K", "Honavar, Santosh G", "Kim, Usha", "Mahesh, Lakshmi", "Mukherjee, Bipasha", "Sethi, Anita", "Sharma, Mukesh", "Singh, Usha"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461408", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Oculoplastic surgeries encompass both emergency surgeries for traumatic conditions and infectious disorders as well as elective aesthetic procedures. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a drastic change in this practice. Given the highly infectious nature of the disease as well as the global scarcity of medical resources; it is only prudent to treat only emergent conditions during the pandemic as we incorporate evidence-based screening and protective measures into our practices. This manuscript is a compilation of evidence-based guidelines for surgical procedures that oculoplastic surgeons can employ during the COVID-19 pandemic. These guidelines also serve as the basic framework upon which further recommendations may be based on in the future, as elective surgeries start being performed on a regular basis."}, {"pmid": 32304251, "pmcid": "PMC7264672", "title": "Susceptibility of Southwestern American Indian Tribes to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Kakol, Monika", "Upson, Dona", "Sood, Akshay"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397896, "title": "Placental Pathology in Covid-19 Positive Mothers: Preliminary Findings.", "journal": "Pediatr Dev Pathol", "authors": ["Baergen, Rebecca N", "Heller, Debra S"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397896", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study describes the pathology and clinical information on 20 placentas whose mother tested positive for the novel Coronovirus (2019-nCoV) cases. Ten of the 20 cases showed some evidence of fetal vascular malperfusion or fetal vascular thrombosis. The significance of these findings is unclear and needs further study."}, {"pmid": 32389784, "pmcid": "PMC7204722", "title": "Dynamic profile for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using four immunochromatographic assays.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Demey, Baptiste", "Daher, Nagib", "Francois, Catherine", "Lanoix, Jean-Philippe", "Duverlie, Gilles", "Castelain, Sandrine", "Brochot, Etienne"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389784", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In order to fight the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic infection, there is a growing need and demand for diagnostic tools that are complementary and different from the RT-PCR currently in use. Multiple serological tests are or will be very soon available but need to be evaluated and validated. We have thus tested 4 immunochromatographic tests for the detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we assessed the kinetics of antibody appearance using these assays in 22 patients after they were tested positive by RT-PCR. We observed great heterogeneity in antibody detection post-symptom onset. The median antibody detection time was between 8 and 10 days according to the manufacturers. All the tests showed a sensitivity of 60 to 80% on day 10 and 100% on day 15. In addition, a single cross-reaction was observed with other human coronavirus infections. Thus, immunochromatographic tests for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may have their place for the diagnostic panel of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32526073, "title": "Novel corona virus (COVID-19) disease and ophthalmic manifestations: Clinical evidences.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Singh, Geetanjali", "Sharma, Pramod Kumar", "Malviya, Rishabha", "Awasthi, Rajendra"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526073", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302703, "pmcid": "PMC7194583", "title": "Considerations for Drug Interactions on QTc Interval in Exploratory COVID-19 Treatment.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Roden, Dan M", "Harrington, Robert A", "Poppas, Athena", "Russo, Andrea M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302703", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436229, "pmcid": "PMC7267130", "title": "Could COVID-19 have an impact on male fertility?", "journal": "Andrologia", "authors": ["Illiano, Ester", "Trama, Francesco", "Costantini, Elisabetta"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436229", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to several hypotheses of functional alteration of different organs. The direct influence of this virus on the male urogenital organs is still to be evaluated. However some hypotheses can already be made, especially in the andrological field, for the biological similarity of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2. As well as SARS-CoV, SARS CoV-2 uses the 'Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2' (ACE2) as a receptor to enter human cells. It was found that ACE2, Angiotensin (1-7) and its MAS receptors are present, over in the lung, also in the testicles, in particular in Leydig and Sertoli cells. A first hypothesis is that the virus could enter the testicle and lead to alterations in testicular functionality. A second hypothesis is that the binding of the virus to the ACE2 receptor, could cause an excess of ACE2 and give rise to a typical inflammatory response. The inflammatory cells could interfere with the function of Leydig and Sertoli cells. Both hypotheses should be evaluated and confirmed, in order to possibly monitor fertility in patients COVID-19+."}, {"pmid": 32506541, "title": "Safety guidelines for non-surgical facial procedures during covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Bertossi, Dario", "Mohsahebi, Ash", "Philippe Dormstrom", "Heidenrich, Izolda", "Pirayesh, Ali", "D'Souza, Alwyn", "Saleh, Hesham", "Yavuzer, Rezha", "Fakih, Nabil", "Vent, Julia", "Rahman, Eqram", "Kapoor, Krishan Mohan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506541", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is expected to last for an extended time, making strict safety precautions for office procedures unavoidable. The lockdown is going to be lifted in many areas, and strict guidelines detailing the infection control measures for aesthetic clinics are going to be of particular importance. A virtual meeting was conducted with the members (n=12) of the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery Focus Group to outline the safety protocol for the non-surgical facial aesthetic procedures for aesthetic practices in order to protect the clinic staff and the patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The data analysis was undertaken by thematic and iterative approach. Consensus guidelines for non-surgical facial aesthetic procedures based on current knowledge are provided for three levels: precautions before visiting the clinic, precautions during the clinic visit, and precautions after the clinic visit. Sound infection control measures are mandatory for non-surgical aesthetic practices all around the world. These may vary from country to country, but this logical approach can be customized according to the respective country laws and guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32374012, "title": "Mortality rate and gender differences in COVID-19 patients dying in Italy: A comparison with other countries.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Di Stadio, A", "Ricci, G", "Greco, A", "de Vincentiis, M", "Ralli, M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374012", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399719, "pmcid": "PMC7220627", "title": "Involvement of the Nervous System in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Neurotox Res", "authors": ["Li, Hao", "Xue, Qun", "Xu, Xingshun"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399719", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a severe and highly contagious infectious disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic. Several case reports have demonstrated that the respiratory system is the main target in patients with COVID-19, but the disease is not limited to the respiratory system. Case analysis indicated that the nervous system can be invaded by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and that 36.4% of COVID-19 patients had neurological symptoms. Importantly, the involvement of the CNS may be associated with poor prognosis and disease worsening. Here, we discussed the symptoms and evidence of nervous system involvement (directly and indirectly) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible mechanisms. CNS symptoms could be a potential indicator of poor prognosis; therefore, the prevention and treatment of CNS symptoms are also crucial for the recovery of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32503140, "title": "Human T leukaemia Type 1 and COVID-19.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Araujo, Abelardo", "Martin, Fabiola"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503140", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the absence of clinical data on Human T leukaemia Type 1 and COVID-19 infection, we are providing guidance to clinicians who look after people living with HTLV-1."}, {"pmid": 32520792, "title": "Community-based Cancer Care Quality and Expertise in a COVID-19 Era and Beyond.", "journal": "Am J Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Garg, Amit K"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291082, "pmcid": "PMC7151300", "title": "Reflections on the quality of health care after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "J Healthc Qual Res", "authors": ["Carrasco, Genis"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291082", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389721, "pmcid": "PMC7204657", "title": "Tocilizumab in COVID-19: Beware the risk of intestinal perforation.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Vikse, Jens", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389721", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32085842, "pmcid": "PMC7129812", "title": "The neglected health of international migrant workers in the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Liem, Andrian", "Wang, Cheng", "Wariyanti, Yosa", "Latkin, Carl A", "Hall, Brian J"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32085842", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303090, "title": "ESGE and ESGENA Position Statement on gastrointestinal endoscopy and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Endoscopy", "authors": ["Gralnek, Ian M", "Hassan, Cesare", "Beilenhoff, Ulrike", "Antonelli, Giulio", "Ebigbo, Alanna", "Pellise, Maria", "Arvanitakis, Marianna", "Bhandari, Pradeep", "Bisschops, Raf", "Van Hooft, Jeanin E", "Kaminski, Michal F", "Triantafyllou, Konstantinos", "Webster, George", "Pohl, Heiko", "Dunkley, Irene", "Fehrke, Bjorn", "Gazic, Mario", "Gjergek, Tatjana", "Maasen, Siiri", "Waagenes, Wendy", "de Pater, Marjon", "Ponchon, Thierry", "Siersema, Peter D", "Messmann, Helmut", "Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303090", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are currently living in the throes of the COVID-19 pandemic that imposes a significant stress on health care providers and facilities. Europe is severely affected with an exponential increase in incident infections and deaths. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 can be subtle, encompassing a broad spectrum from asymptomatic mild disease to severe respiratory illness. Health care professionals in endoscopy units are at increased risk of infection from COVID-19.\u200aInfection prevention and control has been shown to be dramatically effective in assuring the safety of both health care professionals and patients. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (www.esge.com) and the European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (www.esgena.org) are joining forces to provide guidance during this pandemic to help assure the highest level of endoscopy care and protection against COVID-19 for both patients and endoscopy unit personnel. This guidance is based upon the best available evidence regarding assessment of risk during the current status of the pandemic and a consensus on which procedures to perform and the priorities on resumption. We appreciate the gaps in knowledge and evidence, especially on the proper strategy(ies) for the resumption of normal endoscopy practice during the upcoming phases and end of the pandemic and therefore a list of potential research questions is presented. New evidence may result in an updated statement."}, {"pmid": 32363352, "pmcid": "PMC7194973", "title": "COVID-19: A United Kingdom National Health Service cardiology perspective.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Collins, George B", "Jenner, William J", "Kaier, Thomas E", "Bhattacharyya, Sanjeev"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363352", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502693, "pmcid": "PMC7266597", "title": "The Australian response to the COVID-19 pandemic and diabetes - lessons learned.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Andrikopoulos, Sof", "Johnson, Greg"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502693", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the economy and health system of most countries in the world and this is also true of Australia. Australia has not seen the huge surge of COVID-19 positive cases and subsequent hospitalisations and deaths experienced in other parts of the world. However there have been important social and health strategies to \"flatten\" the curve, to reduce infections and to manage those infected. These have included closure of international and interstate borders, local lockdown measures, physical distancing, shift to work from home, closure of non-essential businesses and full or partial closure of all schools and tertiary education facilities. From the diabetes care perspective, there was a significant and concerted diversion of hospital resources and staff to COVID-19 specific activities. Reduced access to primary care, diagnostic and hospital services for diabetes, combined with fear of exposure to the virus in these settings, led to a significant drop in access to usual diabetes care. Provision of outpatient and private sector diabetes services via telehealth was encouraged and supported by expanded and new government subsidies. Importantly, for the first time, there was government funded subsidy for care delivered via the telephone and inclusion of credentialled diabetes educators in funded telephone/telehealth support. The Australian health professional and consumer organisations worked cooperatively producing guidelines, position statements and other educational resources specific for the COVID-19 setting. Once the COVID-19 pandemic is over, review of all the changes will be important, determining which should be permanently implemented. The learnings from COVID-19 should help prepare Australia for future pandemics or other major health crises."}, {"pmid": 32336069, "title": "What should a cardiologist know about coronavirus disease 2019?", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Slawinski, Grzegorz", "Lewicka, Ewa"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336069", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2011CoV\u20112) is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201119). The most common symptoms of COVID\u201119 are: fever (81.8%-100%), cough (46.3%-86.2%), myalgia and fatigue (11%-50%), expectoration (4.4%-72%), and dyspnea (18.6%-59%). The most common laboratory abnormalities in COVID\u201119 include decreased lymphocyte count (35%-82.1%), thrombocytopenia (17%-36.2%), elevated serum C\u2011reactive protein (60.7%-93%), lactate dehydrogenase (41%-76%), and D\u2011dimer concentrations (36%-46.4%). Among comorbidities in patients with COVID\u201119, cardiovascular disease is most commonly found. In addition, patients with concomitant cardiovascular diseases have worse prognosis and more often require admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), compared with patients without such comorbidities. It is estimated that about 20% of patients with COVID\u201119 develop cardiac injury. Cardiac injury is more prevalent among patients with COVID\u201119 who require ICU care. In a group of critically ill patients, 27.5% had an elevated N\u2011terminal pro-B\u2011type natriuretic peptide concentration, and increased cardiac troponin level was found in 10% of patients. One of the life\u2011threatening cardiac manifestations is coronavirus fulminant myocarditis, which may also occur without accompanying symptoms of pulmonary involvement. Early recognition and treatment is crucial in these cases. So far, data on the incidence of arrhythmias in patients with COVID\u201119 are limited. Coronavirus disease 2019 impacts patients with cardiovascular comorbidities and affects daily practice of cardiologists. Thus, it is important to know typical COVID\u201119 symptoms, possible clinical manifestations, complications, and recommended treatment."}, {"pmid": 32331981, "pmcid": "PMC7152863", "title": "Continuous temperature monitoring by a wearable device for early detection of febrile events in the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Taiwan, 2020.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Chung, Yi-Ting", "Yeh, Chun-Yin", "Shu, Yu-Chen", "Chuang, Kun-Ta", "Chen, Chang-Chun", "Kao, Hung-Yu", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Chen, Po-Lin", "Ko, Nai-Ying"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331981", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355962, "pmcid": "PMC7197519", "title": "Letter: The Use of Absorbable Sutures in Neurosurgical Procedures in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Santos, Edgar", "Pailler, Jose Ignacio", "Beynon, Christopher", "El Damaty, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355962", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503889, "title": "Prioritising the role of community health workers in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Ballard, Madeleine", "Bancroft, Emily", "Nesbit, Josh", "Johnson, Ari", "Holeman, Isaac", "Foth, Jennifer", "Rogers, Debbie", "Yang, Jane", "Nardella, James", "Olsen, Helen", "Raghavan, Mallika", "Panjabi, Raj", "Alban, Rebecca", "Malaba, Serah", "Christiansen, Molly", "Rapp, Stephanie", "Schechter, Jennifer", "Aylward, Patrick", "Rogers, Ash", "Sebisaho, Jacques", "Ako, Clarise", "Choudhury, Nandini", "Westgate, Carey", "Mbeya, Julius", "Schwarz, Ryan", "Bonds, Matthew H", "Adamjee, Rehan", "Bishop, Julia", "Yembrick, Amanda", "Flood, David", "McLaughlin, Meg", "Palazuelos, Daniel"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503889", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 disproportionately affects the poor and vulnerable. Community health workers are poised to play a pivotal role in fighting the pandemic, especially in countries with less resilient health systems. Drawing from practitioner expertise across four WHO regions, this article outlines the targeted actions needed at different stages of the pandemic to achieve the following goals: (1) PROTECT healthcare workers, (2) INTERRUPT the virus, (3) MAINTAIN existing healthcare services while surging their capacity, and (4) SHIELD the most vulnerable from socioeconomic shocks. While decisive action must be taken now to blunt the impact of the pandemic in countries likely to be hit the hardest, many of the investments in the supply chain, compensation, dedicated supervision, continuous training and performance management necessary for rapid community response in a pandemic are the same as those required to achieve universal healthcare and prevent the next epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32377571, "pmcid": "PMC7199819", "title": "eClinic: increasing use of telehealth as a risk reduction strategy during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Trauma Surg Acute Care Open", "authors": ["Kemp, Michael T", "Williams, Aaron M", "Alam, Hasan B"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377571", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prior to the covid-19 pandemic, telehealth was already being rapidly adopted nationally by healthcare systems. During the covid-19 pandemic, increased use of telehealth may be considered as a risk reduction strategy. Benefits of this strategy may be conferred to both patients and health providers."}, {"pmid": 32282373, "pmcid": "PMC7188031", "title": "Medical Student Mobilization During A Crisis: Lessons From A COVID-19 Medical Student Response Team.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Soled, Derek", "Goel, Shivangi", "Barry, Danika", "Erfani, Parsa", "Joseph, Nicholos", "Kochis, Michael", "Uppal, Nishant", "Velasquez, David", "Vora, Kruti", "Scott, Kirstin Woody"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282373", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 17, 2020, the Association of American Medical Colleges recommended the suspension of all direct patient contact responsibilities for medical students because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given this change, medical students nationwide had to grapple with how and where they could fill the evolving needs of their schools' affiliated clinical sites, physicians, and patients and the community. At Harvard Medical School (HMS), student leaders created a COVID-19 Medical Student Response Team to: (1) develop a student-led organizational structure that would optimize students' ability to efficiently mobilize interested peers in the COVID-19 response, both clinically and in the community, in a strategic, safe, smart, and resource-conscious way; and (2) serve as a liaison with the administration and hospital leaders to identify evolving needs and rapidly engage students in those efforts. Within a week of its inception, the COVID-19 Medical Student Response Team had more than 500 medical student volunteers from HMS and had shared the organizational framework of the response team with multiple medical schools across the country. The HMS student volunteers joined any of the 4 virtual committees to complete this work: Education for the Medical Community, Education for the Broader Community, Activism for Clinical Support, and Community Activism. The COVID-19 Medical Student Response Team helped to quickly mobilize hundreds of students and has been integrated into HMS's daily workflow. It may serve as a useful model for other schools and hospitals seeking medical student assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Next steps include expanding the initiative further, working with the leaders of response teams at other medical schools to coordinate efforts, and identifying new areas of need at local hospitals and within nearby communities that might benefit from medical student involvement as the pandemic evolves."}, {"pmid": 32340092, "title": "[Suggestions on reforming and improving the prevention and treatment system for major epidemic diseases in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, L M", "Zhan, S Y", "Chi, H", "Deng, Y", "Wang, L", "Wang, B"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340092", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on systematic review of the role of clinical treatment, disease control and scientific research, and combining with the problems exposed by the COVID-19 epidemic, suggestions were proposed to reform and improve the prevention and treatment system for major epidemics diseases in China. In clinical treatment, it is necessary to enhance clinical staff's awareness of law-based reporting, capabilities of syndromic surveillance, the use of infectious diseases reporting systems, and to improve national or local monitoring platforms for emerging infectious diseases detection. In terms of disease control, it is important to provide authorities to disease control departments through laws and regulations, improve the quantity and quality of related human resources, and strengthen the applied research and technical readiness targeted infections disease prevention, control and emergency preparedness. As for scientific research in major epidemic response, it is essential to strengthen research projects guided by national requests, build research institutions that can \"make a final decision\", establish national and regional key laboratories, and strengthen strategic technical reserve for emergency disease control and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32529699, "title": "The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Chien, Patrick"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529699", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458530, "title": "Immunosuppressive and immunomodulator therapy for rare or uncommon skin disorders in pandemic days.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Karadag, Ayse Serap", "Aslan Kayiran, Melek", "Lotti, Torello", "Wollina, Uwe"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458530", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies are important in dermatology, but indications are influenced by SARS-CoV-2. We will focus on are skin disorders such as autoimmune connective tissue disorders, neutrophilic dermatoses and vasculitis. Immunomodulators such as colchicine and antimalarials can easily be preferred taking their beneficial effects on Covid-19 into consideration and also given their wide spectrum of action. Among the conventional therapies, methotrexate, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil increase the risk of infection, and thus their use is recommended only when necessary and at low doses. On the other hand, use of cyclosporine is also not recommended as it increases the risk of hypertension, which is susceptible to Covid-19. Anti-TNF agents from among the biological therapies appear to be slightly risky in terms of susceptibility to infection. However, there are ongoing studies which suggest that some biological treatments may reduce cytokine storm impeding the Covid-19 progression as a result, in spite of their susceptibilities to Covid-19. Patients, who will be started on immunosuppressive therapy, should be tested for Covid-19 prior to the therapy, and in the event that Covid-19 is suspected, the therapy should be discontinued. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32320273, "title": "Navigating Healthcare Supply Shortages During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cardiologist's Perspective.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Khot, Umesh N"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320273", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520428, "title": "Mucosal involvement in a COVID-19-positive patient: a case report.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Cebeci Kahraman, Filiz", "CaSkurlu, Hulya"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520428", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394344, "pmcid": "PMC7211976", "title": "COVID-19 in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: a case series of 33 patients.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Harter, Georg", "Spinner, Christoph D", "Roider, Julia", "Bickel, Markus", "Krznaric, Ivanka", "Grunwald, Stephan", "Schabaz, Farhad", "Gillor, Daniel", "Postel, Nils", "Mueller, Matthias C", "Muller, Markus", "Romer, Katja", "Schewe, Knud", "Hoffmann, Christian"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394344", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data on people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are still scarce. This case series of 33 PLWH patients with COVID-19 reveals symptoms and outcome in this special population. Retrospective analysis of anonymized data including age, gender, HIV-associated parameters, symptoms, and outcome. Three out of 32 patients with documented outcomes died (9%). 91% of the patients recovered and 76% have been classified as mild cases. All patients were on antiretroviral treatment, of them 22 on tenofovir-containing regimen and 4 on the protease inhibitor darunavir. This preliminary case series does not support excess morbidity and mortality among symptomatic COVID-19 PLWH and with viral suppression on ART. SARS-CoV-2 infections may occur during boosted darunavir-based and/or on tenofovir-containing ART."}, {"pmid": 32388137, "pmcid": "PMC7194794", "title": "Evidence that high temperatures and intermediate relative humidity might favor the spread of COVID-19 in tropical climate: A case study for the most affected Brazilian cities.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Auler, A C", "Cassaro, F A M", "da Silva, V O", "Pires, L F"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388137", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to analyze how meteorological conditions such as temperature, humidity and rainfall can affect the spread of COVID-19 in five Brazilian (S\u00e3o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bras\u00edlia, Manaus and Fortaleza) cities. The cities selected were those with the largest number of confirmed cases considering data of April 13. Variables such as number of cumulative cases, new daily cases and contamination rate were employed for this study. Our results showed that higher mean temperatures and average relative humidity favored the COVID-19 transmission, differently from reports from coldest countries or periods of time under cool temperatures. Thus, considering the results obtained, intersectoral policies and actions are necessary, mainly in cities where the contamination rate is increasing rapidly. Thus, prevention and protection measures should be adopted in these cities aiming to reduce transmission and the possible collapse of the health system."}, {"pmid": 32379727, "title": "Improving Detection and Response to Respiratory Events - Kenya, April 2016-April 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Idubor, Osatohamwen I", "Kobayashi, Miwako", "Ndegwa, Linus", "Okeyo, Mary", "Galgalo, Tura", "Kalani, Rosalia", "Githii, Susan", "Hunsperger, Elizabeth", "Balajee, Arunmozhi", "Verani, Jennifer R", "da Gloria Carvalho, Maria", "Winchell, Jonas", "Van Beneden, Chris A", "Widdowson, Marc-Alain", "Makayotto, Lyndah", "Chaves, Sandra S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379727", "countries": ["Kenya"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory pathogens, such as novel influenza A viruses, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and now, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are of particular concern because of their high transmissibility and history of global spread (1). Clusters of severe respiratory disease are challenging to investigate, especially in resource-limited settings, and disease etiology often is not well understood. In 2014, endorsed by the Group of Seven (G7),* the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) was established to help build country capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious disease threats.\u2020 GHSA is a multinational, multisectoral collaboration to support countries towards full implementation of the World Health Organization's International Health Regulations (IHR).\u00a7 Initially, 11 technical areas for collaborator participation were identified to meet GHSA goals. CDC developed the Detection and Response to Respiratory Events (DaRRE) strategy in 2014 to enhance country capacity to identify and control respiratory disease outbreaks. DaRRE initiatives support the four of 11 GHSA technical areas that CDC focuses on: surveillance, laboratory capacity, emergency operations, and workforce development.\u00b6 In 2016, Kenya was selected to pilot DaRRE because of its existing respiratory disease surveillance and laboratory platforms and well-developed Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP) (2). During 2016-2020, Kenya's DaRRE partners (CDC, the Kenya Ministry of Health [MoH], and Kenya's county public health officials) conceptualized, planned, and implemented key components of DaRRE. Activities were selected based on existing capacity and determined by the Kenya MoH and included 1) expansion of severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) surveillance sites; 2) piloting of community event-based surveillance; 3) expansion of laboratory diagnostic capacity; 4) training of public health practitioners in detection, investigation, and response to respiratory threats; and 5) improvement of response capacity by the national emergency operations center (EOC). Progress on DaRRE activity implementation was assessed throughout the process. This pilot in Kenya demonstrated that DaRRE can support IHR requirements and can capitalize on a country's existing resources by tailoring tools to improve public health preparedness based on countries' needs."}, {"pmid": 32425275, "pmcid": "PMC7228876", "title": "Unravelling potential severe psychiatric repercussions on healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "J Affect Disord", "authors": ["Anmella, G", "Fico, G", "Roca, A", "Gomez, M", "Vazquez, M", "Murru, A", "Pacchiarotti, I", "Verdolini, N", "Vieta, E"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425275", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is putting healthcare professionals, especially those in the frontline, under extreme pressures, with a high risk of experiencing physical exhaustion, psychological disturbance, stigmatization, insomnia, depression and anxiety. We report the case of a general practitioner, without relevant medical or psychiatric history that experienced a \"brief reactive psychosis (298.8)\" under stressful circumstances derived from COVID-19. She presented with delusional ideas of catastrophe regarding the current pandemic situation, delusions of self-reference, surveillance and persecution, with high affective and behavioural involvement. Physical examination and all further additional investigations did not reveal any secondary causes.\u00a0She was administered olanzapine 10 mg with a significant psychopathological improvements being discharged with indications to maintain the treatment. To our knowledge this is the first case of severe mental illness in a healthcare professional without previous psychiatric history due to COVID-19 outbreak. Around 85% of patients presenting a brief psychotic disorder will develop a potentially disabling serious psychotic illness in the long-term. This case represents the potentially serious mental health consequences on healthcare professionals throughout the COVID-19 crisis and emphasizes the need to implement urgent measures to maintain staff mental health during the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32355564, "pmcid": "PMC7192073", "title": "Consideration of dornase alfa for the treatment of severe COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Earhart, A P", "Holliday, Z M", "Hofmann, H V", "Schrum, A G"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355564", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We propose a likely contribution to severe COVID-19 morbidity by extracellular DNA in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Dornase alfa degrades extracellular DNA to reduce mucus rigidity and accumulation, and was associated with respiratory improvement in a first patient. Dornase alfa should be considered for clinical trials in treatment of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32353355, "pmcid": "PMC7185012", "title": "Commentary: Testosterone, a key hormone in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Pozzilli, Paolo", "Lenzi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353355", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413344, "pmcid": "PMC7217110", "title": "Ventilators-by-Lottery: The Least Unjust Form of Allocation in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Silva, Diego S"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413344", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425732, "pmcid": "PMC7229951", "title": "ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS ATTITUDE TO UNDERGO URGENT ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURES DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN ITALY.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Armellini, E", "Repici, A", "Alvisi, C", "Dinelli, M", "Gambitta, P", "Manes, G", "Mutignani, M", "Orlando, S", "Radaelli, F", "Salerno, R", "Venezia, G", "Verna, C", "Penagini, R", "Pace, F"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425732", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432923, "pmcid": "PMC7240212", "title": "Reply to Jakovac: About COVID-19 and vitamin D.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Facchiano, Angelo", "Facchiano, Antonio", "Bartoli, Manuela", "Ricci, Alberto", "Facchiano, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432923", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347894, "title": "The Risks of Prescribing Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of COVID-19-First, Do No Harm.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["DeJong, Colette", "Wachter, Robert M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347894", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32107200, "title": "Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32107200", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446696, "pmcid": "PMC7241401", "title": "Initial Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 in 112 patients from Veracruz (Southeastern Mexico).", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Remes-Troche, Jose Maria", "Ramos-de-la-Medina, Antonio", "Manriquez-Reyes, Marisol", "Martinez-Perez-Maldonado, Laura", "Lara, Elizabeth Lagunes", "Solis-Gonzalez, Maria Antonieta"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446696", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435320, "pmcid": "PMC7228432", "title": "Getting Back to the Lab during COVID-19: Careful planning and lots of distancing are critical for R&D labs that have stayed open and those looking to restart.", "journal": "J Chem Health Saf", "authors": ["Johnson, Jeff"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435320", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421197, "title": "Orthopedics in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Orthopedics", "authors": ["Halim, Andrea", "Grauer, Jonathan N"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402532, "pmcid": "PMC7158790", "title": "Ethical recommendations for a difficult decision-making in intensive care units due to the exceptional situation of crisis by the COVID-19 pandemia: A rapid review & consensus of experts.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Rubio, O", "Estella, A", "Cabre, L", "Saralegui-Reta, I", "Martin, M C", "Zapata, L", "Esquerda, M", "Ferrer, R", "Castellanos, A", "Trenado, J", "Amblas, J"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402532", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In view of the exceptional public health situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, a consensus work has been promoted from the ethics group of the Spanish Society of Intensive, Critical Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC), with the objective of finding some answers from ethics to the crossroads between the increase of people with intensive care needs and the effective availability of means. In a very short period, the medical practice framework has been changed to a 'catastrophe medicine' scenario, with the consequent change in the decision-making parameters. In this context, the allocation of resources or the prioritization of treatment become crucial elements, and it is important to have an ethical reference framework to be able to make the necessary clinical decisions. For this, a process of narrative review of the evidence has been carried out, followed by a unsystematic consensus of experts, which has resulted in both the publication of a position paper and recommendations from SEMICYUC itself, and the consensus between 18 scientific societies and 5 institutes/chairs of bioethics and palliative care of a framework document of reference for general ethical recommendations in this context of crisis."}, {"pmid": 32386433, "pmcid": "PMC7272922", "title": "Could CGRP antagonists be helpful in the fight against COVID-19?", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Robertson, Carrie E"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386433", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When treating migraine patients in the current era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), many institutions have moved away from face-to-face procedures like onabotulinumtoxinA injections,1 sometimes transitioning to the newer CGRP antibodies for migraine prevention. However, despite our best efforts to mitigate viral transmission, many of our migraine patients may eventually be exposed to SARS-CoV2. While most patients will have mild to moderate symptoms, a subset will become severely ill, with possible complications including respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Given the possibility of this level of severe respiratory illness, we should consider what effect blocking calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) might have on these patients."}, {"pmid": 32386834, "pmcid": "PMC7183948", "title": "A multipurpose portable negative air flow isolation chamber for aerosol-generating procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Cubillos, Javier", "Querney, Jill", "Rankin, Adam", "Moore, John", "Armstrong, Kevin"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386834", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450750, "title": "How Strong Is the Duty to Treat in a Pandemic? Ethics in Practice: Point-Counterpoint.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Redmann, Andrew J", "Manning, Amy", "Kennedy, Aimee", "Greinwald, John H", "deAlarcon, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450750", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300906, "pmcid": "PMC7162413", "title": "How Can Blockchain Help People in the Event of Pandemics Such as the COVID-19?", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Chang, Min Cheol", "Park, Donghwi"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300906", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460340, "title": "Radiology of COVID-19 Pneumonia - Pictorial Essay and Structured Reporting.", "journal": "Rofo", "authors": ["Schaible, Jan", "Meiler, Stefanie", "Poschenrieder, Florian", "Scharf, Gregor", "Maintz, David", "Pregler, Benedikt", "Stroszczynski, Christian", "Hamer, Okka Wilkea"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460340", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436847, "title": "CT findings of COVID-19 in follow-up: comparison between progression and recovery.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Guan, Chun-Shuang", "Wei, Lian-Gui", "Xie, Ru-Ming", "Lv, Zhi-Bin Department Of Radiology Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China", "Yan, Shuo", "Zhang, Zi-Xin", "Chen, Bu-Dong"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436847", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to retrospectively analyze the imaging changes detected in the follow-up of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients on thin-section computed tomography (CT). We included 54 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The mean interval between the initial and follow-up CT scans was 7.82\u00b13.74 days. Patients were divided into progression and recovery groups according to their outcomes. We evaluated CT images in terms of distribution of lesions and imaging manifestations. The manifestations included ground-glass opacity (GGO), crazy-paving pattern, consolidation, irregular line, and air bronchogram sign. COVID-19 lesions showed mainly subpleural distribution, which was accompanied by bronchovascular bundle distribution in nearly 30% of the patients. The lower lobes of both lungs were the most commonly involved. In the follow-up, the progression group showed more involvement of the upper lobe of the left lung than the recovery group. GGO was the most common sign. As the disease progressed, round GGO decreased and patchy GGO increased. On follow-up CT, consolidation increased in the progression group while decreasing in the recovery group. Air bronchogram sign was more commonly observed at the initial examination (90.9%) than at follow-up (30%) in the recovery group, but there was no significant change in the progression group. Pleural effusion and lymphadenopathy were absent in the initial examination, but pleural effusion was observed in three cases after follow-up. As COVID-19 progressed, round GGOs tended to evolve into patchy GGOs, consolidation increased, and pleural effusion could be occasionally observed. As COVID-19 resolved, the crazy-paving pattern and air bronchogram significantly decreased."}, {"pmid": 32426999, "title": "Gnotobiotic Rats Reveal that Gut Microbiota Regulates Colonic mRNA of Ace2, the Receptor for SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity.", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["Yang, Tao", "Chakraborty, Saroj", "Saha, Piu", "Mell, Blair", "Cheng, Xi", "Yeo, Ji-Youn", "Mei, Xue", "Zhou, Guannan", "Mandal, Juthika", "Golonka, Rachel", "Yeoh, Beng San", "Putluri, Vasanta", "Piyarathna, Danthasinghe Waduge Badrajee", "Putluri, Nagireddy", "McCarthy, Cameron G", "Wenceslau, Camilla F", "Sreekumar, Arun", "Gewirtz, Andrew", "Vijay-Kumar, Matam", "Joe, Bina"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426999", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323565, "title": "Is Low Alveolar Type II Cell SOD3 in the Lungs of Elderly Linked to the Observed Severity of COVID-19?", "journal": "Antioxid Redox Signal", "authors": ["Abouhashem, Ahmed S", "Singh, Kanhaiya", "Azzazy, Hassan M E", "Sen, Chandan K"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323565", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human lungs single-cell RNA sequencing data from healthy donors (elderly and young; GEO accession no. GSE122960) were analyzed to isolate and specifically study gene expression in alveolar type II cells. Colocalization of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and TMPRSS2 enables severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2) to enter the cells. Expression levels of these genes in the alveolar type II cells of elderly and young patients were comparable and, therefore, do not seem to be responsible for worse outcomes observed in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected elderly. In cells from the elderly, 263 genes were downregulated and 95 upregulated. Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) was identified as the top-ranked gene that was most downregulated in the elderly. Other redox-active genes that were also downregulated in cells from the elderly included activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and metallothionein 2A (M2TA). ATF4 is an endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor that defends lungs via induction of heme oxygenase 1. The study of downstream factors known to be induced by ATF4, according to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis\u2122, identified 24 candidates. Twenty-one of these were significantly downregulated in the cells from the elderly. These downregulated candidates were subjected to enrichment using the Reactome Database identifying that in the elderly, the ability to respond to heme deficiency and the ATF4-dependent ability to respond to endoplasmic reticulum stress is significantly compromised. SOD3-based therapeutic strategies have provided beneficial results in treating lung disorders including fibrosis. The findings of this study propose the hypotheses that lung-specific delivery of SOD3/ATF4-related antioxidants will work in synergy with promising antiviral drugs such as remdesivir to further improve COVID-19 outcomes in the elderly."}, {"pmid": 32405023, "title": "Coronavirus drugs trials must get bigger and more collaborative.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405023", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32166350, "pmcid": "PMC7080004", "title": "[Recommendations for critically ill patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed", "authors": ["Kluge, Stefan", "Janssens, Uwe", "Welte, Tobias", "Weber-Carstens, Steffen", "Marx, Gernot", "Karagiannidis, Christian"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166350", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474804, "pmcid": "PMC7261214", "title": "Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, HScore and COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Hematol", "authors": ["Loscocco, Giuseppe G"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474804", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468230, "pmcid": "PMC7255969", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Biologic Therapy for Psoriasis: Successful Recovery in Two Patients After Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)", "authors": ["Brownstone, Nicholas D", "Thibodeaux, Quinn G", "Reddy, Vidhatha D", "Myers, Bridget A", "Chan, Stephanie Y", "Bhutani, Tina", "Liao, Wilson"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468230", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02) causing COVID-19 was first reported in late December 2019. Many patients with psoriasis on biologic therapy have asked their medical providers about the effect of biologics on COVID-19. However, it is currently unknown how biologic therapy for psoriasis might impact patients with psoriasis and COVID-19. In this article, we report on the clinical course of two patients on biologic medication for psoriasis who developed COVID-19 and successfully recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both patients presented with fever and respiratory symptoms, but neither patient required hospitalization. While more research is needed, it is reassuring to know that successful recovery is possible after COVID-19 infection in patients on biologic therapy for psoriasis."}, {"pmid": 32304747, "pmcid": "PMC7158830", "title": "Angiotensin receptor blockers and COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Saavedra, Juan M"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304747", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) exhibit major pleiotropic protecting effects beyond their antihypertensive properties, including reduction of inflammation. ARBs directly protect the lung from the severe acute respiratory syndrome as a result of viral infections, including those from coronavirus. The protective effect of ACE2 is enhanced by ARB administration. For these reasons ARB therapy must be continued for patients affected by hypertension, diabetes and renal disease, comorbidities of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Controlled clinical studies should be conducted to determine whether ARBs may be included as additional therapy for COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32144116, "pmcid": "PMC7164386", "title": "The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Chinazzi, Matteo", "Davis, Jessica T", "Ajelli, Marco", "Gioannini, Corrado", "Litvinova, Maria", "Merler, Stefano", "Pastore Y Piontti, Ana", "Mu, Kunpeng", "Rossi, Luca", "Sun, Kaiyuan", "Viboud, Cecile", "Xiong, Xinyue", "Yu, Hongjie", "Halloran, M Elizabeth", "Longini, Ira M Jr", "Vespignani, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144116", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Motivated by the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mainland China, we use a global metapopulation disease transmission model to project the impact of travel limitations on the national and international spread of the epidemic. The model is calibrated on the basis of internationally reported cases and shows that, at the start of the travel ban from Wuhan on 23 January 2020, most Chinese cities had already received many infected travelers. The travel quarantine of Wuhan delayed the overall epidemic progression by only 3 to 5 days in mainland China but had a more marked effect on the international scale, where case importations were reduced by nearly 80% until mid-February. Modeling results also indicate that sustained 90% travel restrictions to and from mainland China only modestly affect the epidemic trajectory unless combined with a 50% or higher reduction of transmission in the community."}, {"pmid": 32075365, "title": "[Expert consensus on chloroquine phosphate for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32075365", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) caused an outbreak in Wuhan, and has quickly spread to all provinces in China and 26 other countries around the world, leading to a serious situation for epidemic prevention. So far, there is still no specific medicine. Previous studies have shown that chloroquine phosphate (chloroquine) had a wide range of antiviral effects, including anti-coronavirus. Here we found that treating the patients diagnosed as novel coronavirus pneumonia with chloroquine might improve the success rate of treatment, shorten hospital stay and improve patient outcome. In order to guide and regulate the use of chloroquine in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia, the multicenter collaboration group of Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province and Health Commission of Guangdong Province for chloroquine in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia developed this expert consensus after extensive discussion. It recommended chloroquine phosphate tablet, 500mg twice per day for 10 days for patients diagnosed as mild, moderate and severe cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia and without contraindications to chloroquine."}, {"pmid": 32252023, "pmcid": "PMC7162649", "title": "Interpreting COVID-19 and Virtual Care Trends: Cohort Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Khairat, Saif", "Meng, Chenlu", "Xu, Yuxuan", "Edson, Barbara", "Gianforcaro, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252023", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly spreading across the world. As of March 26, 2020, there are more than 500,000 cases and more than 25,000 deaths related to COVID-19, and the numbers are increasing by the hour. The aim of this study was to explore the trends in confirmed COVID-19 cases in North Carolina, and to understand patterns in virtual visits related to symptoms of COVID-19. We conducted a cohort study of confirmed COVID-19 cases and patients using an on-demand, statewide virtual urgent care center. We collected data from February 1, 2020, to March 15, 2020. Institutional Review Board exemption was obtained prior to the study. As of March, 18 2020, there were 92 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 733 total virtual visits. Of the total visits, 257 (35.1%) were related to COVID-19-like symptoms. Of the COVID-19-like visits, the number of females was 178 (69.2%). People in the age groups of 30-39 years (n=67, 26.1%) and 40-49 years (n=64, 24.9%) were half of the total patients. Additionally, approximately 96.9% (n=249) of the COVID-like encounters came from within the state of North Carolina. Our study shows that virtual care can provide efficient triaging in the counties with the highest number of COVID-19 cases. We also confirmed that the largest spread of the disease occurs in areas with a high population density as well as in areas with major airports. The use of virtual care presents promising potential in the fight against COVID-19. Virtual care is capable of reducing emergency room visits, conserving health care resources, and avoiding the spread of COVID-19 by treating patients remotely. We call for further adoption of virtual care by health systems across the United States and the world during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32366161, "title": "Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Garavello, Werner", "Galluzzi, Francesca"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366161", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413713, "pmcid": "PMC7204742", "title": "Disrupting the disruption: Using digital tools to support psychiatry residency training in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Tay, Yi Hang", "Lim, Lucas", "Cheng, Ambrose", "Sim, Kang"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413713", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316270, "pmcid": "PMC7221598", "title": "COVID-19, Chloroquine Repurposing, and Cardiac Safety Concern: Chirality Might Help.", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Lentini, Giovanni", "Cavalluzzi, Maria Maddalena", "Habtemariam, Solomon"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316270", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The desperate need to find drugs for COVID-19 has indicated repurposing strategies as our quickest way to obtain efficacious medicines. One of the options under investigation is the old antimalarial drug, chloroquine, and its analog, hydroxychloroquine. Developed as synthetic succedanea of cinchona alkaloids, these chiral antimalarials are currently in use as the racemate. Besides the ethical concern related to accelerated large-scale clinical trials of drugs with unproven efficacy, the known potential detrimental cardiac effects of these drugs should also be considered. In principle, the safety profile might be ameliorated by using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine single enantiomers in place of the racemate."}, {"pmid": 32395917, "pmcid": "PMC7272810", "title": "Self-reported olfactory loss in COVID-19: is it really a favorable prognostic factor?", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Hopkins, Claire", "Vaira, Luigi Angelo", "De Riu, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395917", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386563, "pmcid": "PMC7252094", "title": "Calling for a COVID-19 One Health Research Coalition.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Amuasi, John H", "Walzer, Christian", "Heymann, David", "Carabin, Helene", "Huong, Le Thi", "Haines, Andrew", "Winkler, Andrea S"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386563", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501375, "pmcid": "PMC7245296", "title": "Lessons from being challenged by COVID-19.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Tagliazucchi, E", "Balenzuela, P", "Travizano, M", "Mindlin, G B", "Mininni, P D"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501375", "countries": ["Argentina"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present results of different approaches to model the evolution of the COVID-19 epidemic in Argentina, with a special focus on the megacity conformed by the city of Buenos Aires and its metropolitan area, including a total of 41 districts with over 13 million inhabitants. We first highlight the relevance of interpreting the early stage of the epidemic in light of incoming infectious travelers from abroad. Next, we critically evaluate certain proposed solutions to contain the epidemic based on instantaneous modifications of the reproductive number. Finally, we build increasingly complex and realistic models, ranging from simple homogeneous models used to estimate local reproduction numbers, to fully coupled inhomogeneous (deterministic or stochastic) models incorporating mobility estimates from cell phone location data. The models are capable of producing forecasts highly consistent with the official number of cases with minimal parameter fitting and fine-tuning. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the proposed models, focusing on the validity of different necessary first approximations, and caution future modeling efforts to exercise great care in the interpretation of long-term forecasts, and in the adoption of non-pharmaceutical interventions backed by numerical simulations."}, {"pmid": 32416629, "title": "Management of primary cutaneous lymphoma patients during COVID-19 pandemic: EORTC CLTF guidelines Maarten Vermeer.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Papadavid, Evangelia", "Scaribrick, Julia", "Ortiz Romero, Pablo", "Guaglino, Pietro", "Vermeer, Maarten", "Knobler, Robert", "Stadler, Rudolf", "Bagot, Martine"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416629", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During severe inflammatory coronavirus infectious disease (CoVID-19) pandemic and based on evidence on COVID-19 epidemiology, patients with primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) have risk for developing complicated COVID-19 infections in consideration of their older age (majority above 60) and their potential underlying predisposing conditions (e.g. hypertension, diabetes).1,2,3 Moreover, PCL patients with aggressive biologic behavior should be carefully monitored according to guidelines for patients with neoplastic disease."}, {"pmid": 32392172, "pmcid": "PMC7236609", "title": "Analysis of Public Perception of the Israeli Government's Early Emergency Instructions Regarding COVID-19: Online Survey Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Gesser-Edelsburg, Anat", "Cohen, Ricky", "Hijazi, Rana", "Abed Elhadi Shahbari, Nour"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392172", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to be a pandemic. This posed challenges to many countries, prominent among which is communication with the public to gain their cooperation. Israel faces different challenges from other countries in its management of the COVID-19 crisis because it is in the midst of a deep constitutional crisis. The objective of this paper was to examine the response of the Israeli public to the government's emergency instructions regarding the pandemic in terms of correlations between overall risk perception and crisis management; overall risk perception and economic threat perception; crisis management and compliance with behavioral guidelines; and crisis management and economic threat perception. We also made comparisons between crisis management and spokesperson credibility and between crisis management and the credibility of information sources. The sample was established using an online survey that enabled rapid and effective distribution of an online questionnaire during the COVID-19 crisis. The self-selection online survey method of nonprobability sampling was used to recruit participants (N=1056) through social network posts asking the general public (aged \u226518 years) to answer the survey. Participants aged \u226565 years perceived higher personal risk compared to those aged 18-30 years (mean difference 0.33, 95% CI 0.04-0.61) and those aged 46-64 years (mean difference 0.38, 95% CI 0.12-0.64). Significant correlations were found between overall risk perception and attitudes toward crisis management (r=0.19, P<.001), overall risk perception and economic threat perception (r=0.22, P<.001), attitudes toward crisis management and compliance with behavioral guidelines (r=0.15, P<.001), and attitudes toward crisis management and economic threat perception (r=-0.15, P<.001). Participants who perceived that the prime minister was the most credible spokesperson evaluated the crisis management significantly higher than all other groups. The crisis management was evaluated significantly lower by participants who stated that infectious disease specialists were the most credible spokespersons. Participants for whom the Ministry of Health website was the most credible source of information evaluated the crisis management higher than all other groups. Participants for whom scientific articles were the most credible source of information evaluated the crisis management lower than those who perceived that the WHO/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention websites or Ministry of Health/hospital websites and health care workers were the most credible. The higher the public trust and evaluation of crisis management, the greater the compliance of the public with guidelines. It was also found that crisis management and information cannot be approached in the same way for the overall public. Furthermore, unlike other epidemics, the COVID-19 crisis has widespread economic and social consequences; therefore, it is impossible to focus only on health risks without communicating economic and social risks as well."}, {"pmid": 32360300, "pmcid": "PMC7190535", "title": "Natural product-derived phytochemicals as potential agents against coronaviruses: A review.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Mani, Janice S", "Johnson, Joel B", "Steel, Jason C", "Broszczak, Daniel A", "Neilsen, Paul M", "Walsh, Kerry B", "Naiker, Mani"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360300", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are responsible for a growing economic, social and mortality burden, as the causative agent of diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and COVID-19. However, there is a lack of effective antiviral agents for many coronavirus strains. Naturally existing compounds provide a wealth of chemical diversity, including antiviral activity, and thus may have utility as therapeutic agents against coronaviral infections. The PubMed database was searched for papers including the keywords coronavirus, SARS or MERS, as well as traditional medicine, herbal, remedy or plants, with 55 primary research articles identified. The overwhelming majority of publications focussed on polar compounds. Compounds that show promise for the inhibition of coronavirus in humans include scutellarein, silvestrol, tryptanthrin, saikosaponin B2, quercetin, myricetin, caffeic acid, psoralidin, isobavachalcone, and lectins such as griffithsin. Other compounds such as lycorine may be suitable if a therapeutic level of antiviral activity can be achieved without exceeding toxic plasma concentrations. It was noted that the most promising small molecules identified as coronavirus inhibitors contained a conjugated fused ring structure with the majority being classified as being polyphenols."}, {"pmid": 32508193, "title": "Risk factors for mortality in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.", "journal": "Aging Male", "authors": ["Parohan, Mohammad", "Yaghoubi, Sajad", "Seraji, Asal", "Javanbakht, Mohammad Hassan", "Sarraf, Payam", "Djalali, Mahmoud"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508193", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease that was first reported in Wuhan city, the capital of Hubei province in China, and has subsequently spread worldwide. Risk factors for mortality have not been well summarized. Current meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies was done to summarize available findings on the association between age, gender, comorbidities and risk of death from COVID-19 infection.Methods: Online databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Google scholar were searched to detect relevant publications up to 1 May 2020, using relevant keywords. To pool data, random-effects model was used. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were also done.Results: In total, 14 studies with 29,909 COVID-19 infected patients and 1445 cases of death were included in the current meta-analysis. Significant associations were found between older age (\u226565 vs <65\u2009years old) (pooled ORs\u2009=\u20094.59, 95%CIs\u2009=\u20092.61-8.04, p\u2009<\u2009.001), gender (male vs female) (pooled ORs\u2009=\u20091.50, 95%CIs\u2009=\u20091.06-2.12, p\u2009=\u2009.021) and risk of death from COVID-19 infection. In addition, hypertension (pooled ORs\u2009=\u20092.70, 95%CIs\u2009=\u20091.40-5.24, p\u2009=\u2009.003), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (pooled ORs\u2009=\u20093.72, 95%CIs\u2009=\u20091.77-7.83, p\u2009=\u2009.001), diabetes (pooled ORs\u2009=\u20092.41, 95%CIs\u2009=\u20091.05-5.51, p\u2009=\u2009.037), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (pooled ORs\u2009=\u20093.53, 95%CIs\u2009=\u20091.79-6.96, p\u2009<\u2009.001) and cancer (pooled ORs\u2009=\u20093.04, 95%CIs\u2009=\u20091.80-5.14, p\u2009<\u2009.001), were associated with higher risk of mortality.Conclusions: Older age (\u226565\u2009years old), male gender, hypertension, CVDs, diabetes, COPD and malignancies were associated with greater risk of death from COVID-19 infection. These findings could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage."}, {"pmid": 32238355, "title": "Covid-19: US gives emergency approval to hydroxychloroquine despite lack of evidence.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Lenzer, Jeanne"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238355", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212392, "pmcid": "PMC7228283", "title": "Leukoerythroblastic reaction in a patient with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Mitra, Anupam", "Dwyre, Denis M", "Schivo, Michael", "Thompson, George R 3rd", "Cohen, Stuart H", "Ku, Nam", "Graff, John P"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463445, "title": "Positive impact of measures against COVID-19 on reducing influenza in the Northern Hemisphere.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Chan, Chin Pok", "Wong, Ngai Sze", "Leung, Chi Chiu", "Lee, Shui Shan"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463445", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489698, "pmcid": "PMC7220294", "title": "COVID-19 Virulence in Aged Patients Might Be Impacted by the Host Cellular MicroRNAs Abundance/Profile.", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Fulzele, Sadanand", "Sahay, Bikash", "Yusufu, Ibrahim", "Lee, Tae Jin", "Sharma, Ashok", "Kolhe, Ravindra", "Isales, Carlos M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489698", "countries": ["China", "Australia"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World health organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic and a severe public health crisis. Drastic measures to combat COVID-19 are warranted due to its contagiousness and higher mortality rates, specifically in the aged patient population. At the current stage, due to the lack of effective treatment strategies for COVID-19 innovative approaches need to be considered. It is well known that host cellular miRNAs can directly target both viral 3'UTR and coding region of the viral genome to induce the antiviral effect. In this study, we did in silico analysis of human miRNAs targeting SARS (4 isolates) and COVID-19 (29 recent isolates from different regions) genome and correlated our findings with aging and underlying conditions. We found 848 common miRNAs targeting the SARS genome and 873 common microRNAs targeting the COVID-19 genome. Out of a total of 848 miRNAs from SARS, only 558 commonly present in all COVID-19 isolates. Interestingly, 315 miRNAs are unique for COVID-19 isolates and 290 miRNAs unique to SARS. We also noted that out of 29 COVID-19 isolates, 19 isolates have identical miRNA targets. The COVID-19 isolates, Netherland (EPI_ISL_422601), Australia (EPI_ISL_413214), and Wuhan (EPI_ISL_403931) showed six, four, and four unique miRNAs targets, respectively. Furthermore, GO, and KEGG pathway analysis showed that COVID-19 targeting human miRNAs involved in various age-related signaling and diseases. Recent studies also suggested that some of the human miRNAs targeting COVID-19 decreased with aging and underlying conditions. GO and KEGG identified impaired signaling pathway may be due to low abundance miRNA which might be one of the contributing factors for the increasing severity and mortality in aged individuals and with other underlying conditions. Further, in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate some of these targets and identify potential therapeutic targets."}, {"pmid": 32357954, "title": "Covid-19 is no worse in immunocompromised children, says NICE.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357954", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314130, "pmcid": "PMC7169648", "title": "We Can't Just Wash Our Hands: a Primary Care Physician's Thoughts on COVID-19 and Her Community.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Bryant, Kelsey B"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314130", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506793, "title": "Reply to: Endonasal drilling may be employed safely in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Bleier, Benjamin S"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506793", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32150796, "pmcid": "PMC7162995", "title": "How to train the health personnel for protecting themselves from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection during their patient or suspected case care.", "journal": "J Educ Eval Health Prof", "authors": ["Huh, Sun"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32150796", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435867, "pmcid": "PMC7238399", "title": "Diabetes and COVID-19 : Disease-Management-People.", "journal": "Wien Klin Wochenschr", "authors": ["Peric, Slobodan", "Stulnig, Thomas M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435867", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of SARS-CoV\u20112 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a\u00a0particular challenge for diabetes patients. Diabetes mellitus predisposes to a\u00a0particularly severe course of the disease and doubles the COVID-19 mortality risk due to pulmonary and cardiac involvement. In addition, diabetes patients often suffer from comorbidities which further worsen clinical outcomes. Glycemic control during infectious diseases is often suboptimal, and antidiabetic drugs and insulin therapy have to be adapted accordingly. On the other hand, access of diabetes patients to outpatient clinics are limited during the ongoing season urging alternative treatment options, particularly the implementation of novel telemedicine strategies. Hence, the opportunity of the COVID 19 crisis should be taken to make a\u00a0significant step forward in the care for diabetes patients."}, {"pmid": 32530534, "title": "Dyspnea: the vanished warning symptom of COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Allali, Gilles", "Marti, Christophe", "Grosgurin, Olivier", "Morelot-Panzini, Capucine", "Similowski, Thomas", "Adler, Dan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530534", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread worldwide, challenging the clinician and focusing the entire globe on critical illness high mortality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32298745, "pmcid": "PMC7194512", "title": "Successful treatment of plasma exchange followed by intravenous immunogloblin in a critically ill patient with 2019 novel coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Shi, Hua", "Zhou, Chaomin", "He, Pinghong", "Huang, Sheng", "Duan, Youjun", "Wang, Xuesheng", "Lin, Kexiong", "Zhou, Chao", "Zhang, Xiangyan", "Zha, Yan"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298745", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of a laboratory-confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus infected (known as COVID-19) patient who developed respiratory failure and shock accompanied by persistent diarrhoea despite conventional therapeutic interventions. The patient avoided mechanical ventilation and acquired an immediate clinical and radiological improvement, after treatment of intensive plasma exchange (PE) followed by intravenous immunogloblin (IVIG). Successful therapeutic strategies in our case suggest timely initiating PE treatment followed by IVIG in critically ill patients with COVID-19 may prevent the disease from worsening and help to reduce the requirements for mechanical ventilation and intensive supportive care. What's more, it may improve poor clinical outcomes of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32387074, "pmcid": "PMC7201227", "title": "Reply to \"Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with abnormal liver tests\".", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Cai, Qingxian", "Chen, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387074", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495914, "title": "No infectious risk of COVID-19 patients with long-term fecal 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Wang, Q-X", "Huang, K-C", "Qi, L", "Zeng, X-H", "Zheng, S-L"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495914", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has recently been reported that some COVID-19 patients have long-term positive fecal nucleic acid after discharging from the hospital with negative nucleic acid in the respiratory tract, but it is unclear whether COVID-19 patients with positive long-term fecal nucleic acid tests have the risk of self-infection. From January 25, 2020 to March 9, 2020, 5 COVID-19 patients with negative respiratory tract nucleic acid and positive fecal nucleic acid were observed and studied to explore whether these patients can re-infect themselves. Five patients with COVID-19 accompanied by diarrhea as the main gastrointestinal symptoms were carefully observed through clinical symptoms, imaging and other auxiliary examinations. The RT-PCR technology was used to continuously detect fecal and respiratory viral nucleic acids. The IgM antibody was detected on the 7th day of admission and IgM/IgG at the time of discharge. All 5 patients had symptoms of fever and diarrhea upon admission. The fecal nucleic acid was positive, as well as the throat swab was positive. All COVID-19 patients had positive IgM antibodies on the 7th day of admission and positive IgM and IgG at the time of discharge, and there were no abnormalities in the gastrointestinal examination on discharge. All 5 fecal nucleic acid tests were positive at the time of discharge. After continuous dynamic follow-up for 3-15 days, no clinical symptoms recurred, and the last nucleic acid test was negative. There is no risk of self-infection for COVID-19 patients with long-term 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive in feces."}, {"pmid": 32505730, "title": "Uncommon presentation of COVID-19: Gastrointestinal bleeding.", "journal": "Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Gulen, Muge", "Satar, Salim"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505730", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has become a pandemic that is threatening global health. The typical clinical manifestations were fever, cough, dyspnea, and myalgia or fatigue. Digestive symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain usually accompany respiratory symptoms. However gastrointestinal bleeding as the first symptom is not reported. Here we reported a case of COVID-19 with gastrointestinal bleeding as the initial symptom to the emergency department with a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test positive, and normal thorax tomography. The case demonstrate that; clinicians should be alerted to patients about COVID-19 when referring to atypical symptoms and every patient undergoing endoscopy should be considered potentially infected or can infect others."}, {"pmid": 32047315, "title": "Coronavirus: hospitals must learn from past pandemics.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Bhadelia, Nahid"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32047315", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314952, "pmcid": "PMC7211795", "title": "Public Health Decision-Making in the Real World: Four Points to Reshape It After COVID-19.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Torri, Emanuele", "Nollo, Giandomenico"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314952", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424889, "title": "COVID-19 Confirms It: Paid Caregivers are Essential Members of the Healthcare Team.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Reckrey, Jennifer M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424889", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433859, "title": "Audio Interview: Capitalizing on Immune Responses to Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433859", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411943, "pmcid": "PMC7221402", "title": "Tuberculosis, COVID-19 and migrants: preliminary analysis of deaths occurring in 69 patients from two cohorts.", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Motta, Ilaria", "Centis, Rosella", "D'Ambrosio, Lia", "Garcia-Garcia, Jose-Maria", "Goletti, Delia", "Gualano, Gina", "Lipani, Filippo", "Palmieri, Fabrizio", "Sanchez-Montalva, Adrian", "Pontali, Emanuele", "Sotgiu, Giovanni", "Spanevello, Antonio", "Stochino, Claudia", "Tabernero, Eva", "Tadolini, Marina", "van den Boom, Martin", "Villa, Simone", "Visca, Dina", "Migliori, Giovanni Battista"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411943", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is known about the relationship between the COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study is to describe a group of patients who died with TB (active disease or sequelae) and COVID-19 in two cohorts. Data from 49 consecutive cases in 8 countries (cohort A) and 20 hospitalized patients with TB and COVID-19 (cohort B) were analysed and patients who died were described. Demographic and clinical variables were retrospectively collected, including co-morbidities and risk factors for TB and COVID-19 mortality. Overall, 8 out of 69 (11.6%) patients died, 7 from cohort A (14.3%) and one from cohort B (5%). Out of 69 patients 43 were migrants, 26/49 (53.1%) in cohort A and 17/20 (85.0%) in cohort B. Migrants: 1) were younger than natives; in cohort A the median (IQR) age was 40 (27-49) VS. 66 (46-70) years, whereas in cohort B 37 (27-46) VS. 48 (47-60) years; 2) had a lower mortality rate than natives (1/43, 2.3% versus 7/26, 26.9%; p-value: 0.002); 3) had fewer co-morbidities than natives (23/43, 53.5 % versus 5/26- 19.2%) natives; p-value: 0.005). The study findings show that: 1) mortality is likely to occur in elderly patients with co-morbidities; 2) TB might not be a major determinant of mortality and 3) migrants had lower mortality, probably because of their younger age and lower number of co-morbidities. However, in settings where advanced forms of TB frequently occur and are caused by drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, higher mortality rates can be expected in young individuals."}, {"pmid": 32282258, "title": "Letter to the Editor: How to Deal with Suspended Oral Treatment during the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "J Dent Res", "authors": ["Guo, J", "Wu, H", "Xie, H"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282258", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32161091, "title": "Covid-19: Trump proposes tax cuts and improved health insurance, but millions are not covered.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161091", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466717, "title": "Public and Private Health Services: Wait Times for Health Services and the Risk of Inequality from the Italian Perspective.", "journal": "Popul Health Manag", "authors": ["Cioffi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466717", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484443, "title": "Considerations for an Individual-Level Population Notification System for Pandemic Response: A Review and Prototype.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Sakib, Mohammad Nazmus", "Butt, Zahid A", "Morita, Plinio Pelegrini", "Oremus, Mark", "Fong, Geoffrey T", "Hall, Peter A"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484443", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, spread worldwide after its emergence in China. Whether rich or poor, all nations are struggling to cope with this new global health crisis. The speed of the threat's emergence and the quick response required from public health authorities and the public itself makes evident the need for a major reform in pandemic surveillance and notification systems. The development and implementation of a graded, individual-level pandemic notification system could be an effective tool to combat future threats of epidemics. This paper describes a prototype model of such a notification system and its potential advantages and challenges for implementation. Similar to other emergency alerts, this system would include a number of threat levels (level 1-5) with a higher level indicating increasing severity and intensity of safety measures (eg, level 1: general hygiene, level 2: enhanced hygiene, level 3: physical distancing, level 4: shelter in place, and level 5: lockdown). The notifications would be transmitted to cellular devices via text message (for lower threat levels) or push notification (for higher threat levels). The notification system would allow the public to be informed about the threat level in real time and act accordingly in an organized manner. New Zealand and the United Kingdom have recently launched similar alert systems designed to coordinate the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic response more efficiently. Implementing such a system, however, faces multiple challenges. Extensive preparation and coordination among all levels of government and relevant sectors are required. Additionally, such systems may be effective primarily in countries where there exists at least moderate trust in government. Advance and ongoing public education about the nature of the system and its steps would be an essential part of the system, such that all members of the public understand the meaning of each step in advance, similar to what has been established in systems for other emergency responses. This educational component is of utmost importance to minimize adverse public reaction and unintended consequences. The use of mass media and local communities could be considered where mobile phone penetration is low. The implementation of such a notification system would be more challenging in developing countries for several reasons, including inadequate technology, limited use of data plans, high population density, poverty, mistrust in government, and tendency to ignore or failure to understand the warning messages. Despite the challenges, an individual-level pandemic notification system could provide added benefits by giving an additional route for notification that would be complementary to existing platforms."}, {"pmid": 32307028, "pmcid": "PMC7198454", "title": "COVID-19: The daunting experience of healthcare workers in Sardinia, Italy.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Bellizzi, Saverio", "Fiamma, Maura", "Arru, Luigi", "Farina, Gabriele", "Manca, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307028", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382873, "pmcid": "PMC7203261", "title": "Covid-19 and drug therapy, what we learned.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharm", "authors": ["Provenzani, Alessio", "Polidori, Piera"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382873", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the disease associated in December 2019 with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, was observed for the first time in China and then spread worldwide becoming pandemic. Currently, there is still no licensed specific antiviral treatment for the human coronavirus disease and a vaccine will not be ready soon. However, based on experience from the use of other antiviral agents to treat similar virusses, some treatment options have been tried with some efficacy. Clinical trials for future therapies are still ongoing. In the meantime, prevention, control, active communication and investment in research are the only ways to overcome this challenge."}, {"pmid": 32372077, "pmcid": "PMC7239094", "title": "Sleep disturbances among medical workers during the outbreak of COVID-2019.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Wang, S", "Xie, L", "Xu, Y", "Yu, S", "Yao, B", "Xiang, D"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372077", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has posed unprecedented pressure and threats to healthcare workers in Wuhan and the entire country. To assess the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on the sleep quality of healthcare workers in a children's healthcare centre in Wuhan. A cross-sectional, anonymized, self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted at the Children's Healthcare Centre of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. The questionnaire consisted of three parts, including socio-demographic characteristics and COVID-19 epidemic-related factors, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). In total, 47 out of 123 (38%) participants with PSQI scores > 7 were identified as having sleep disturbance. A logistic regression analysis showed that sleep disturbance was independently associated with being an only child (adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.40 (1.21-9.57), P < 0.05), exposure to COVID-19 patients (adjusted OR and 95% CI 2.97 (1.08-8.18), P < 0.05) and depression (adjusted OR and 95% CI 2.83 (1.10-7.27), P < 0.05). We observed that, during the outbreak of COVID-19, sleep disturbance was highly prevalent among paediatric healthcare workers, and sleep disturbance was independently associated with being an only child, exposure to COVID-19 patients and depression. Therefore, more mental health services are required for front-line paediatric healthcare workers in Wuhan."}, {"pmid": 32442288, "pmcid": "PMC7244988", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 Test Results After Clinical Recovery and Hospital Discharge Among Patients in China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Wu, Jinru", "Liu, Xinyi", "Liu, Jianjun", "Liao, Han", "Long, Sixuan", "Zhou, Ning", "Wu, Pa"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442288", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395713, "pmcid": "PMC7211589", "title": "Melatonin Inhibits COVID-19-induced Cytokine Storm by Reversing Aerobic Glycolysis in Immune Cells: A Mechanistic Analysis.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Reiter, Russel J", "Sharma, Ramaswamy", "Ma, Qiang", "Dominquez-Rodriguez, Alberto", "Marik, Paul E", "Abreu-Gonzalez, Pedro"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395713", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277463, "pmcid": "PMC7262364", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of a Geriatrician-Hospitalist Caring for Older Adults.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Sinvani, Liron"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277463", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504680, "pmcid": "PMC7270823", "title": "Surgical precautions for Urologists in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Chan, Ming-Chun", "Kwok, Jia-Lun", "Yeo, Sharon E K", "Chong, Yew-Lam"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504680", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405252, "pmcid": "PMC7217789", "title": "Comparison of Cepheid Xpert Xpress and Abbott ID Now to Roche cobas for the Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Smithgall, Marie C", "Scherberkova, Ioana", "Whittier, Susan", "Green, Daniel A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405252", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32355634, "pmcid": "PMC7191286", "title": "Health policy and technology challenges in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Health Policy Technol", "authors": ["Singer, Donald Rj"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355634", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344458, "pmcid": "PMC7267565", "title": "Characteristics of Emergency Department Patients With COVID-19 at a Single Site in Northern California: Clinical Observations and Public Health Implications.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Duanmu, Youyou", "Brown, Ian P", "Gibb, William R", "Singh, Jessica", "Matheson, Loretta W", "Blomkalns, Andra L", "Govindarajan, Prasanthi"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344458", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312570, "pmcid": "PMC7151245", "title": "Extubation barrier drape to minimise droplet spread.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Patino Montoya, Miguel", "Chitilian, Hovig V"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312570", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249845, "pmcid": "PMC7132550", "title": "Fighting COVID-19 exhausts T cells.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Moon, Chang"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249845", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32032614, "pmcid": "PMC7134434", "title": "Novel coronavirus is putting the whole world on alert.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Khan, S", "Ali, A", "Siddique, R", "Nabi, G"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32032614", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247928, "pmcid": "PMC7146658", "title": "Summary of the COVID-19 outbreak in Vietnam - Lessons and suggestions.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nguyen, Trang H D", "Vu, Danh C"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247928", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32129670, "pmcid": "PMC7140975", "title": "CT Imaging and Differential Diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Dai, Wei-Cai", "Zhang, Han-Wen", "Yu, Juan", "Xu, Hua-Jian", "Chen, Huan", "Luo, Si-Ping", "Zhang, Hong", "Liang, Li-Hong", "Wu, Xiao-Liu", "Lei, Yi", "Lin, Fan"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129670", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout China. This study explains the findings from lung computed tomography images of some patients with COVID-19 treated in this medical institution and discusses the difference between COVID-19 and other lung diseases."}, {"pmid": 32428964, "title": "The Relationship between Status at Presentation and Outcomes among Pregnant Women with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["London, Viktoriya", "McLaren, Rodney Jr", "Atallah, Fouad", "Cepeda, Catherine", "McCalla, Sandra", "Fisher, Nelli", "Stein, Janet L", "Haberman, Shoshana", "Minkoff, Howard"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428964", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2003This study was aimed to compare maternal and pregnancy outcomes of symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). \u2003This is a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with COVID-19. Pregnant women were divided into two groups based on status at admission, symptomatic or asymptomatic. All testing was done by nasopharyngeal swab using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Initially, nasopharyngeal testing was performed only on women with a positive screen (symptoms or exposure) but subsequently, testing was universally performed on all women admitted to labor and delivery. Chi-square and Wilcoxon's rank-sum tests were used to compare outcomes between groups. \u2003Eighty-one patients were tested because of a positive screen (symptoms [n\u2009=\u200960] or exposure only [n\u2009=\u200921]) and 75 patients were universally tested (all asymptomatic). In total, there were 46 symptomatic women and 22 asymptomatic women (tested based on exposure only [n\u2009=\u200912] or as part of universal screening [n\u2009=\u200910]) with confirmed COVID-19. Of symptomatic women (n\u2009=\u200946), 27.3% had preterm delivery and 26.1% needed respiratory support while none of the asymptomatic women (n\u2009=\u200922) had preterm delivery or need of respiratory support (p\u2009=\u20090.007 and 0.01, respectively). \u2003Pregnant women who presented with COVID19-related symptoms and subsequently tested positive for COVID-19 have a higher rate of preterm delivery and need for respiratory support than asymptomatic pregnant women. It is important to be particularly rigorous in caring for COVID-19 infected pregnant women who present with symptoms. \u00b7 Respiratory support is often needed for women who present with symptoms.. \u00b7 Low rate of severe disease in women who present without symptoms.. \u00b7 There were no neonatal infections on day 0 of life.."}, {"pmid": 32311181, "pmcid": "PMC7264628", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: What can saliva tell us?", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Henrique Braz-Silva, Paulo", "Pallos, Debora", "Giannecchini, Simone", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311181", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451317, "title": "The contribution of diabetic micro-angiopathy to adverse outcomes in COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Whyte, Martin B", "Vas, Prashanth", "Heiss, Christian", "Feher, Michael D"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451317", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasing evidence points to endothelial cell dysfunction as a key pathophysiological factor in severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), manifested by platelet aggregation, microthrombi and altered vasomotor tone. This may be driven by direct endothelial cell entry by the virus, or indirectly by activated inflammatory cascade. Major risk groups identified for adverse outcomes in COVID-19 are diabetes, and those from the Black, Asian and ethnic minority (BAME) populations. Hyperglycaemia (expressed as glycated haemoglobin or mean hospital glucose) correlates with worse outcomes in COVID-19. It is not known whether hyperglycaemia is causative or is a surrogate marker - persistent hyperglycaemia is well known as an aetiological agent in microangiopathy. In this article, we propose that pre-existing endothelial dysfunction of microangiopathy, more commonly evident in diabetes and BAME groups, makes an individual vulnerable to the subsequent 'endothelitis' of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32331618, "pmcid": "PMC7172840", "title": "COVID-19: Mitigation or suppression?", "journal": "Arab J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Kassem, Abdel Meguid"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331618", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354732, "title": "UK neurology response to the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Mummery, Catherine J", "Kipps, Christopher M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354732", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has led to seismic changes in neurological practice in a matter of weeks. The Association of British Neurologists has supported neurology specialists and patients during this rapid reorganisation and its attendant challenges. We have written guidance on structured service transformation, considering the need to sustain long term care while responding to acute developments; we have recognised that staff experience differs and that this, as well as individual risk factors should be considered when redeployment occurs. Appreciating that there may be understandable anxiety when facing a working routine outside normal practice, we have signposted ethical and psychological support for individuals. We have also focused on our patients: we have facilitated a national alert system to register all neurological COVID cases, coordinating research efforts on this new disease; finally we have defined how to identify the most vulnerable patients under our care. When this initial wave of the pandemic subsides, we will have planned for return to the new 'norm', ready to embrace innovation where appropriate, aiming to minimise fall-out in our chronic disease population, and potentially having enhanced and modernised our services."}, {"pmid": 32467147, "title": "Covid-19: Test and trace programmes are important but no silver bullet, say scientists.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Griffin, Shaun"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467147", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438329, "pmcid": "PMC7214336", "title": "Significant applications of virtual reality for COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Ravi Pratap", "Javaid, Mohd", "Kataria, Ravinder", "Tyagi, Mohit", "Haleem, Abid", "Suman, Rajiv"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During COVID-19 pandemic, researchers are using innovative technologies for fast-tracking the development to end this menace. Virtual Reality (VR) also offers an imperative role for fighting this pandemic, through audiovisual-based virtual communication. A brief study on Virtual Reality and its applications for the COVID-19 pandemic is carried out by employing keywords as Virtual reality or VR and COVID-19 from the databases of SCOPUS, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of science Academia and ResearchGate. VR is beneficial for remote sites for exploring telemedicine, planning, treatment, and controlling of the infections by providing proper awareness to the people regarding this disease. VR technology develops a platform to reduce the face to face interaction of doctors with the infected COVID-19 patients. Through live video streaming, it helps to improve surveillance systems on the ongoing situation."}, {"pmid": 32498972, "pmcid": "PMC7254005", "title": "SARS-CoV2 RNA detection in a pancreatic pseudocyst sample.", "journal": "Pancreatology", "authors": ["Schepis, T", "Larghi, A", "Papa, A", "Miele, L", "Panzuto, F", "De Biase, L", "Annibale, B", "Cattani, P", "Rapaccini, G L"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498972", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The involvement of gastrointestinal system in SARS-CoV2 related disease, COVID-19, is increasingly recognized. COVID-19 associated pancreatic injury has been suggested, but its correlation with pancreatic disease is still unclear. In this case report, we describe the detection of SARS-CoV2 RNA in a pancreatic pseudocyst fluid sample collected from a patient with SARS-CoV2 associated pneumonia and a pancreatic pseudocyst developed as a complication of an acute edematous pancreatitis. The detection of SARS-CoV2 within the pancreatic collection arise the question of whether this virus has a tropism for pancreatic tissue and whether it plays a role in pancreatic diseases occurrence."}, {"pmid": 32421767, "title": "We all breathe the same air .... and we are all mortal.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Res", "authors": ["Miller, Mark R", "Shah, Anoop S V", "Newby, David E"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421767", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388938, "title": "[The critical role of environmental hygiene and disinfection in the prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Shi, X M"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388938", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, China has adopted a series of prevention and control measures such as case isolation, close contact tracking management, environmental hygiene improvements, disinfection, and personal protection. At present, China has achieved remarkable results in the control of COVID-19. This article outlines the role of environmental hygiene and disinfection in the prevention and control of COVID-19 and analyzes relevant policies and countermeasures, which has been proved effective and deserved for extensive implementation in this combat. Suggestions are also provided for the further development of this field."}, {"pmid": 32522249, "title": "Genomics of COVID-19: molecular mechanisms going from susceptibility to severity of the disease.", "journal": "Hum Genomics", "authors": ["Mehrian-Shai, Ruty", "Novelli, Giuseppe", "Vasiliou, Vasilis", "Watt, Jessica", "Reichardt, Juergen K V"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522249", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525828, "title": "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Nantong, China.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Lu, Renfei", "Qin, Jianru", "Wu, Yan", "Wang, Jian", "Huang, Shengyong", "Tian, Lijun", "Zhang, Tao", "Wu, Xiuming", "Huang, Songping", "Jin, Xia", "Zhang, Chiyu"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525828", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a newly emerging life-threatening respiratory disease caused by a newly identified coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. We included 28 COVID-19 patients admitted to Nantong Third Hospital from January 23 to February 26, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed using real-time RT-PCR. The demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory parameters were obtained from each patient. The vast majority (71.4%) of confirmed COVID-19 patients were brought in from outside of the city, and all others had contact history with these confirmed cases. The median age of patients was 50 years old and half had underlying diseases. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (96.4%), cough (67.9%), and chilly (28.6%), and 75.0% patients had two or more symptoms. Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum ferritin and C-reactive protein levels, and reduced absolute counts of total lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets were observed among the patients. The vast majority (85.7%) of patients showed bilateral or unilateral pneumonia, and three symptomatic patients and one asymptomatic case did not show abnormalities in their CT image. Among the 28 admitted patients, 24 were discharged as of February 26, 2020, with an average hospital stay of 14.96 (\u00b14.27) days, which was not significantly associated with the interval between the onset of symptoms and admission. In the absence of specific antiviral drugs or a vaccine, quarantine or isolation is the most effective intervention strategy for preventing the spread of the virus. Adequate supportive medical care is crucial for good prognosis of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32118390, "title": "[Epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Henan].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Cheng, J L", "Huang, C", "Zhang, G J", "Liu, D W", "Li, P", "Lu, C Y", "Li, J"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118390", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Henan Province. Methods: An epidemiological study was conducted based on the latest epidemic information of 1 265 confirmed cases (including regional distribution, severe illness, and deaths) announced by Health Commission of Henan Province, as well as the details of 1 079 COVID-19 officially released by Health Commission of municipalities in Henan Province collected as of 24: 00 on February 19, 2020. Results: Among 1 079 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, there were 573 male (53.2%) and 505 female (46.8%), with the ratio of male to female of 1.14\u22361; The majority of patients were 36-59 years old (553 cases, 51.3%), and the mean age was 46 (interquartile range is 24) years old; 515 cases (47.7%) had a history of living, traveling, doing business in Wuhan or a brief stopover at Wuhan train stop, and 382 (35.4%) had a history of close contact with confirmed patients; There were 72 severe cases (5.7%) in 1 265 patients, and the fatality rate was 1.5%. A high number of cases were reported in Xinyang (269 cases, 21.26%), Zhengzhou (156 cases, 12.33%), Nanyang (155 cases, 12.25%), Zhumadian (139 cases, 10.99%), followed by Shangqiu (91 cases, 7.19%), Zhoukou (76 cases, 6.01%). Among 605 patients, the symptoms were fever (553 cases, 91.4%), debilitation (44 cases, 7.3%), cough (110 cases, 18.2%), expectoration (19 cases, 3.1%), chills (6 cases, 1.0%), shiver (7 cases, 1.2%), running nose (21 cases, 3.5%), stuffy noses (8 cases, 1.3%), throat dryness and sore (24 cases, 4.0%), headache (21 cases, 3.5%), chest pain (6 cases, 1.0%), anhelation (18 cases, 3.0%), and gastrointestinal symptom (21 cases, 3.5%). The age of deaths ranged from 33 to 86 years old, with an average age of 72 (interquartile range of 17) years old; there be 7 males (63.6%) and 4 females (36.4%). Conclusion: The cases in Henan Province were mainly imported cases and had certain geographical location relevance; meanwhile, there was a family-focused incidence. The overall trend of new cases was wave-like decline, and the number of deaths was high among elderly men with underlying diseases."}, {"pmid": 32033514, "title": "[Expert consensus for bronchoscopy during the epidemic of 2019 Novel Coronavirus infection (Trial version)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32033514", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets, airborne transmission and direct contact. However, conducting bronchoscopy on patients with 2019-nCoV is a high-risk procedure in which health care workers are directly exposed to the virus, and the protection and operation procedures need to be strictly regulated. According to the characteristics of bronchoscopy, it is necessary to formulate the procedure, requirements and precautions when conducting bronchoscopy in the current epidemic situation. Relevant standards for preventing from infections should be strictly implemented in the operation of bronchoscopy. It needs to emphasize that bronchoscopy should not be used as a routine means for the diagnosis of 2019-nCoV infection sampling. The indications for bronchoscopy for other diseases should be strictly mastered, and it is suggested that bronchoscopy should be postponed for those patients who is not in urgent situation."}, {"pmid": 32265548, "title": "Coronavirus and the race to distribute reliable diagnostics.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Sheridan, Cormac"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265548", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519786, "title": "Pulmonary Capillary Leak Syndrome following COVID-19 Virus Infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Bahloul, Mabrouk", "Ketata, Wajdi", "Lahyeni, Dorra", "Mayoufi, Houda", "Kotti, Amina", "Smaoui, Fatma", "Kallel, Nessrine", "Daoud, Emna", "Bouaziz, Mounir", "Kammoun, Samy"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519786", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pulmonary capillary leak syndrome secondary to influenza SARS-CoV-2virus infection was not previously reported. We report 2 cases. The diagnosis of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema due to pulmonary capillary leak syndrome SARS-CoV-2 virus infection was obtained by a medical committee of 6 physicians. The diagnosis of COVID-19 infection is confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Moreover, in this specific endemic situation, and according to the British Society of Thoracic Imaging expert reference group update, we took account of chest CT-Scan results in the early detection of COVID-19 pneumonia. Our 2 patients with a confirmed influenza SARS-CoV-2virus infection had respiratory distress with lung crackles on auscultation of one or both lungs and with alveolar pulmonary edema on the chest CT-Scan. The cardiogenic nature of pulmonary edema was ruled out in both cases by a transthoracic echocardiography showing normal systolic and diastolic functions. Our patients were treated by oxygen via face mask in one case and mechanical ventilation as supportive treatment in the other patient. Hydroxychloroquine (600mg/day), Azithromycine, steroids (dexamethasone 20mg/day), vitamin C (3g/day), Zinc, diuretics and Enoxaparine were equally used for the two patients. Evolution was marked by a good outcome in both of them. In summary, acute respiratory failure is a rare but major complication of COVID-19 virus infection. It is due to pulmonary capillary leak syndrome. Treatment is based on a good oxygenation, intravenous corticosteroids, diuretics, Azithromycine, vitamin C, and other symptomatic treatments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32521329, "title": "Re:(In) visible impact of inadequate WaSH Provision on COVID-19 incidences can be not be ignored in large and megacities of India.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Das, A", "Ghosh, S", "Das, K", "Dutta, I", "Basu, T", "Das, M"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521329", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297931, "pmcid": "PMC7184433", "title": "Why health promotion matters to the COVID-19 pandemic, and vice versa.", "journal": "Health Promot Int", "authors": ["Van den Broucke, Stephan"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297931", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245885, "title": "Learning from our immunological history: What can SARS-CoV teach us about SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Sci Immunol", "authors": ["Henrickson, Sarah E"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245885", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many strategies are being deployed to rapidly uncover targetable mechanisms of infection for SARS-CoV-2, and Hoffman et al exploit our understanding and immunological experience with SARS-CoV in our global race to understand, mitigate, and eventually prevent COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32229540, "title": "Covid-19: Trump extends physical distancing to 30 April, as cases climb in New York.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229540", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344312, "pmcid": "PMC7194713", "title": "Potential effect of natural and anabolizan steroids in elderly patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Karaahmet, Fatih", "Karaahmet, Ozgur Zeliha"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344312", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472593, "title": "Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a skin rash in a child.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Olisova, O Yu", "Anpilogova, E M", "Shnakhova, L M"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472593", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507459, "title": "Critical Care During the Coronavirus Crisis-Reflections on the Roles of Anesthesiologists in Meeting the Challenges of the Pandemic.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Kiefer, Jessie J", "Rock, Peter", "Augoustides, John G", "Mazzeffi, Michael A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507459", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405877, "pmcid": "PMC7218701", "title": "A Review: Does Complement or the Contact System Have a Role in Protection or Pathogenesis of COVID-19?", "journal": "Pulm Ther", "authors": ["Maglakelidze, Natella", "Manto, Kristen M", "Craig, Timothy J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405877", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 presentation may include a profound increase in cytokines and associated pneumonia, rapidly progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This so-called cytokine storm often leads to refractory edema, respiratory arrest, and death. At present, anti-IL-6, antiviral therapy, convalescent plasma, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin among others are being investigated as potential treatments for COVID-19. As the disease etiology and precise therapeutic interventions are still not definitively defined, we wanted to review the roles that complement and the contact system may have in either the treatment or pathogenesis of the disease. We searched the recent literature (PubMed) on complement and coronavirus; contact system and coronavirus; bradykinin and coronavirus; and angiotensin receptor and coronavirus. The manuscript complies with ethics guidelines and was deemed exempt from institutional review board approval according to Human Subjects Protection Office guidelines. Mouse models are available for the study of coronavirus and complement. Although complement is effective in protecting against many viruses, it does not seem to be protective against coronavirus. C3 knockout mice infected with SARS-CoV had less lung disease than wild-type mice, suggesting that complement may play a role in coronavirus pathogenesis. Some evidence suggests that the observed pulmonary edema may be bradykinin-induced and could be the reason that corticosteroids, antihistamines, and other traditional interventions for edema are not effective. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and studies thus far have not concluded a benefit or risk associated with the use of either ACE-inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists. Activation of complement and the contact system, through generation of bradykinin, may play a role in the SARS-CoV-2-induced pulmonary edema, and our search suggests that further work is necessary to confirm our suspicions."}, {"pmid": 32357655, "pmcid": "PMC7192348", "title": "Growing networks with communities: A distributive link model.", "journal": "Chaos", "authors": ["Shang, Ke-Ke", "Yang, Bin", "Moore, Jack Murdoch", "Ji, Qian", "Small, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357655", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evolution and popularity are two keys of the Barabasi-Albert model, which generates a power law distribution of network degrees. Evolving network generation models are important as they offer an explanation of both how and why complex networks (and scale-free networks, in particular) are ubiquitous. We adopt the evolution principle and then propose a very simple and intuitive new model for network growth, which naturally evolves modular networks with multiple communities. The number and size of the communities evolve over time and are primarily subjected to a single free parameter. Surprisingly, under some circumstances, our framework can construct a tree-like network with clear community structures-branches and leaves of a tree. Results also show that new communities will absorb a link resource to weaken the degree growth of hub nodes. Our models have a common explanation for the community of regular and tree-like networks and also breaks the tyranny of the early adopter; unlike the standard popularity principle, newer nodes and communities will come to dominance over time. Importantly, our model can fit well with the construction of the SARS-Cov-2 haplotype evolutionary network."}, {"pmid": 32347681, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Sci", "authors": ["Bernat, Anne L", "Giammattei, Lorenzo", "Abbritti, Rosaria", "Froelich, Sebastien"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347681", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501565, "title": "An Online Clinical Exam for Fellowship Certification during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Munshi, Fadi", "Alsughayyer, Arwa", "Alhaidar, Sami", "Alarfaj, Majd"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501565", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, the world witnessed varied responses from educational institutions to the lockdown. Within the next few years, we will see the consequences of these responses. Despite the disruption at this critical time, candidates in their final fellowship training year still need to be certified and it is arguable that they should be certified faster than ever after passing the written component."}, {"pmid": 32492174, "title": "First case of acute pancreatitis related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Miao, Y", "Lidove, O", "Mauhin, W"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492174", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345859, "pmcid": "PMC7202102", "title": "USE OF A MODIFIED SYSTEM FOR MANUAL VENTILATION OF THE PATIENT FOR IN-HOSPITAL AND EXTRA HOSPITAL TRANSPORT TO AVOID AEROSOLIZING SPREAD OF DROPLETS DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Fusco, Pierfrancesco", "Petroni, Gian Marco", "Di Carlo, Stefano", "Tullj, Stefania", "Arcangeli, Valentina", "Marinangeli, Franco"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345859", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322535, "pmcid": "PMC7172804", "title": "Socially distanced school-based nutrition program feeding under COVID 19 in the rural Niger Delta.", "journal": "Extr Ind Soc", "authors": ["Francis, Nabie Nubari", "Pegg, Scott"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322535", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Niger Delta region of Nigeria is widely recognized as a complex and contentious space for oil exploration and production. Over the past few decades, the Niger Delta has witnessed large-scale mass peaceful mobilizations and rebellion-like conditions from violent militia groups. Oil companies have been implicated in violence perpetrated by Nigerian security forces. Local host communities have suffered greatly from corruption, political instability, violence and the environmental devastation of their farmlands and fishing grounds. Oil companies have increasingly turned to corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives to attempt to build or repair relations with oil-producing communities. There are also governmental and non-governmental humanitarian actors supporting various initiatives in the oil-producing areas. This article highlights the challenges that one long running micro-scale development project has faced due to the COVID 19 disease outbreak and the closure of all schools in Rivers State, Nigeria in March 2020. The school closures have halted some initiatives, but our weekly nutritional program feedings have continued in new, socially distanced forms."}, {"pmid": 32219625, "pmcid": "PMC7100508", "title": "Preliminary Recommendations for Surgical Practice of Neurosurgery Department in the Central Epidemic Area of 2019 Coronavirus Infection.", "journal": "Curr Med Sci", "authors": ["Tan, Yu-Tang", "Wang, Jun-Wen", "Zhao, Kai", "Han, Lin", "Zhang, Hua-Qiu", "Niu, Hong-Quan", "Shu, Kai", "Lei, Ting"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219625", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed significant threats to the public health and life in China. Unlike the other 6 identified coronaviruses, the SARS-Cov-2 has a high infectious rate, a long incubation period and a variety of manifestations. In the absence of effective treatments for the virus, it becomes extremely urgent to develop scientific and standardized proposals for prevention and control of virus transmission. Hereby we focused on the surgical practice in Neurosurgery Department, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, and drafted several recommendations based on the latest relevant guidelines and our experience. These recommendations have helped us until now to achieve 'zero infection' of doctors and nurses in our department, we would like to share them with other medical staff of neurosurgery to fight 2019-nCoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32504808, "pmcid": "PMC7267797", "title": "Rapid Systematic Review: The Impact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Loades, Maria Elizabeth", "Chatburn, Eleanor", "Higson-Sweeney, Nina", "Reynolds, Shirley", "Shafran, Roz", "Brigden, Amberly", "Linney, Catherine", "McManus, Megan Niamh", "Borwick, Catherine", "Crawley, Esther"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504808", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disease containment of COVID-19 has necessitated widespread social isolation. We aimed to establish what is known about how loneliness and disease containment measures impact on the mental health in children and adolescents. For this rapid review, we searched MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO, and Web of Science for articles published between 01/01/1946 and 03/29/2020. 20% of articles were double screened using pre-defined criteria and 20% of data was double extracted for quality assurance. 83 articles (80 studies) met inclusion criteria. Of these, 63 studies reported on the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of previously healthy children and adolescents (n=51,576; mean age 15.3) 61 studies were observational; 18 were longitudinal and 43 cross sectional studies assessing self-reported loneliness in healthy children and adolescents. One of these studies was a retrospective investigation after a pandemic. Two studies evaluated interventions. Studies had a high risk of bias although longitudinal studies were of better methodological quality. Social isolation and loneliness increased the risk of depression, and possibly anxiety at the time loneliness was measured and between 0.25 to 9 years later. Duration of loneliness was more strongly correlated with mental health symptoms than intensity of loneliness. Children and adolescents are probably more likely to experience high rates of depression and probably anxiety during and after enforced isolation ends. This may increase as enforced isolation continues. Clinical services should offer preventative support and early intervention where possible and be prepared for an increase in mental health problems."}, {"pmid": 32496637, "title": "Mental health among otolaryngology resident and attending physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic: National study.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Civantos, Alyssa M", "Byrnes, Yasmeen", "Chang, Changgee", "Prasad, Aman", "Chorath, Kevin", "Poonia, Seerat K", "Jenks, Carolyn M", "Bur, Andres M", "Thakkar, Punam", "Graboyes, Evan M", "Seth, Rahul", "Trosman, Samuel", "Wong, Anni", "Laitman, Benjamin M", "Harris, Brianna N", "Shah, Janki", "Stubbs, Vanessa", "Choby, Garret", "Long, Qi", "Rassekh, Christopher H", "Thaler, Erica", "Rajasekaran, Karthik"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496637", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Otolaryngologists are among the highest risk for COVID-19 exposure. This is a cross-sectional, survey-based, national study evaluating academic otolaryngologists. Burnout, anxiety, distress, and depression were assessed by the single-item Mini-Z Burnout Assessment, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, 15-item Impact of Event Scale, and 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire, respectively. A total of 349 physicians completed the survey. Of them, 165 (47.3%) were residents and 212 (60.7%) were males. Anxiety, distress, burnout, and depression were reported in 167 (47.9%), 210 (60.2%), 76 (21.8%), and 37 (10.6%) physicians, respectively. Attendings had decreased burnout relative to residents (odds ratio [OR] 0.28, confidence interval [CI] [0.11-0.68]; P =\u2009.005). Females had increased burnout (OR 1.93, CI [1.12.-3.32]; P =\u2009.018), anxiety (OR 2.53, CI [1.59-4.02]; P <\u2009.005), and distress (OR 2.68, CI [1.64-4.37]; P <\u2009.005). Physicians in states with greater than 20\u2009000 positive cases had increased distress (OR 2.01, CI [1.22-3.31]; P =\u2009.006). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of burnout, anxiety, and distress is high among academic otolaryngologists."}, {"pmid": 32276137, "pmcid": "PMC7139252", "title": "Individual risk management strategy and potential therapeutic options for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Gasmi, Amin", "Noor, Sadaf", "Tippairote, Torsak", "Dadar, Maryam", "Menzel, Alain", "Bjorklund, Geir"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276137", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is an ugly fact that a significant amount of the world's population will contract SARS-CoV-II infection with the current spreading. While a specific treatment is not yet coming soon, individual risk assessment and management strategies are crucial. The individual preventive and protective measures drive the personal risk of getting the disease. Among the virus-contracted hosts, their different metabolic status, as determined by their diet, nutrition, age, sex, medical conditions, lifestyle, and environmental factors, govern the personal fate toward different clinical severity of COVID-19, from asymptomatic, mild, moderate, to death. The careful individual assessment for the possible dietary, nutritional, medical, lifestyle, and environmental risks, together with the proper relevant risk management strategies, is the sensible way to deal with the pandemic of SARS-CoV-II."}, {"pmid": 32389704, "pmcid": "PMC7204693", "title": "Pain: A potential new label of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Su, Si", "Cui, Huan", "Wang, Tao", "Shen, Xinhua", "Ma, Chao"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389704", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453191, "title": "Successful electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with confirmed, symptomatic covid-19.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Braithwaite, Richard", "McKeown, Hollie L", "Lawrence, Victor J", "Cramer, Oliver"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453191", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520072, "title": "Novel coronavirus pneumonia and acute pulmonary thromboembolism: casualty or causality?", "journal": "Einstein (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Beraldo, Gabriel Laverdi", "Fonseca, Eduardo Kaiser Ururahy Nunes", "Yokoo, Patricia", "Matos, Marina Justi Rosa de", "Rosa, Marcela Emer Egypto", "Silva, Murilo Marques Almeida", "Chate, Rodrigo Caruso", "Shoji, Hamilton", "Ishikawa, Walther Yoshiharu"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520072", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513653, "title": "Adaptations to the British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of acute severe UC in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a RAND appropriateness panel.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Din, Shahida", "Kent, Alexandra", "Pollok, Richard C", "Meade, Susanna", "Kennedy, Nicholas A", "Arnott, Ian", "Beattie, R Mark", "Chua, Felix", "Cooney, Rachel", "Dart, Robin J", "Galloway, James", "Gaya, Daniel R", "Ghosh, Subrata", "Griffiths, Mark", "Hancock, Laura", "Hansen, Richard", "Hart, Ailsa", "Lamb, Christopher Andrew", "Lees, Charlie W", "Limdi, Jimmy K", "Lindsay, James O", "Patel, Kamal", "Powell, Nick", "Murray, Charles D", "Probert, Chris", "Raine, Tim", "Selinger, Christian", "Sebastian, Shaji", "Smith, Philip J", "Tozer, Phil", "Ustianowski, Andrew", "Younge, Lisa", "Samaan, Mark A", "Irving, Peter M"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513653", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Management of acute severe UC (ASUC) during the novel COVID-19 pandemic presents significant dilemmas. We aimed to provide COVID-19-specific guidance using current British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines as a reference point. We convened a RAND appropriateness panel comprising 14 gastroenterologists and an IBD nurse consultant supplemented by surgical and COVID-19 experts. Panellists rated the appropriateness of interventions for ASUC in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Median scores and disagreement index (DI) were calculated. Results were discussed at a moderated meeting prior to a second survey. Panellists recommended that patients with ASUC should be isolated throughout their hospital stay and should have a SARS-CoV-2 swab performed on admission. Patients with a positive swab should be discussed with COVID-19 specialists. As per BSG guidance, intravenous hydrocortisone was considered appropriate as initial management; only in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was its use deemed uncertain. In patients requiring rescue therapy, infliximab with continuing steroids was recommended. Delaying colectomy because of COVID-19 was deemed inappropriate. Steroid tapering as per BSG guidance was deemed appropriate for all patients apart from those with COVID-19 pneumonia in whom a 4-6\u2009week taper was preferred. Post-ASUC maintenance therapy was dependent on SARS-CoV-2 status but, in general, biologics were more likely to be deemed appropriate than azathioprine or tofacitinib. Panellists deemed prophylactic anticoagulation postdischarge to be appropriate in patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 swab. We have suggested COVID-19-specific adaptations to the BSG ASUC guideline using a RAND panel."}, {"pmid": 32522034, "title": "Corrigendum to Glycemic Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in the United States.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522034", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326509, "title": "From Donor to Patient: Collection, Preparation and Cryopreservation of Fecal Samples for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.", "journal": "Diseases", "authors": ["Nicco, Carole", "Paule, Armelle", "Konturek, Peter", "Edeas, Marvin"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326509", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is suggested as an efficacious therapeutic strategy for restoring intestinal microbial balance, and thus for treating disease associated with alteration of gut microbiota. FMT consists of the administration of fresh or frozen fecal microorganisms from a healthy donor into the intestinal tract of diseased patients. At this time, in according to healthcare authorities, FMT is mainly used to treat recurrent Clostridium difficile. Despite the existence of a few existing stool banks worldwide and many studies of the FMT, there is no standard method for producing material for FMT, and there are a multitude of factors that can vary between the institutions. The main constraints for the therapeutic uses of FMT are safety concerns and acceptability. Technical and logistical issues arise when establishing such a non-standardized treatment into clinical practice with safety and proper governance. In this context, our manuscript describes a process of donor safety screening for FMT compiling clinical and biological examinations, questionnaires and interviews of donors. The potential risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus by the use of fecal microbiota for transplantation must be taken urgently into consideration. We discuss a standardized procedure of collection, preparation and cryopreservation of fecal samples through to the administration of material to patients, and explore the risks and limits of this method of FMT. The future success of medicine employing microbiota transplantation will be tightly related to its modulation and manipulation to combat dysbiosis. To achieve this goal, standard and strict methods need to be established before performing any type of FMT."}, {"pmid": 32294077, "pmcid": "PMC7188066", "title": "Mental Health Care Providers Dealing With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): What Is the Definition of a Case, How Is That Changing, and What Kinds of Tests Are Available?", "journal": "J Psychiatr Pract", "authors": ["Preskorn, Sheldon H"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294077", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The goal of this column is to inform mental health care professionals about the evolving way the diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is being made, with emphasis on tests to assist in making the diagnosis and to determine the presence of antibodies to the virus. This column also provides some general information about the disease, its relative risks, and efforts to develop effective treatments. Links to credible websites that are being continuously updated are also provided for readers who want more information and to stay current with ongoing developments."}, {"pmid": 32102856, "pmcid": "PMC7180262", "title": "Negative Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Swabs Do Not Rule Out COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Winichakoon, Poramed", "Chaiwarith, Romanee", "Liwsrisakun, Chalerm", "Salee, Parichat", "Goonna, Aree", "Limsukon, Atikun", "Kaewpoowat, Quanhathai"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32102856", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437942, "pmcid": "PMC7211580", "title": "International COVID-19 palliative care guidance for nursing homes leaves key themes unaddressed.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Joni, Gilissen", "Lara, Pivodic", "Unroe Kathleen, T", "Lieve, Van den Block"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437942", "countries": ["Netherlands", "Switzerland", "Ireland", "United Kingdom", "New Zealand", "Belgium"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 mortality disproportionally affects nursing homes, creating enormous pressures to deliver high-quality end-of-life care. Comprehensive palliative care should be an explicit part of both national and global COVID-19 response plans. Therefore, we aimed to identify, review, and compare national and international COVID-19 guidance for nursing homes concerning palliative care, issued by government bodies and professional associations. We performed a directed documentary and content analysis of newly developed or adapted COVID-19 guidance documents from across the world. Documents were collected via expert consultation and independently screened against prespecified eligibility criteria. We applied thematic analysis and narrative synthesis techniques. We identified 21 eligible documents covering both nursing homes and palliative care, from the World Health Organization (n\u00a0=\u00a03), and eight individual countries: U.S. (n\u00a0=\u00a07), The Netherlands (n\u00a0=\u00a02), Ireland (n\u00a0=\u00a01), U.K. (n\u00a0=\u00a03), Switzerland (n\u00a0=\u00a03), New Zealand (n\u00a0=\u00a01), and Belgium (n\u00a0=\u00a01). International documents focused primarily on infection prevention and control, including only a few sentences on palliative care-related topics. Palliative care themes most frequently mentioned across documents were end-of-life visits, advance care planning documentation, and clinical decision making toward the end of life (focusing on hospital transfers). There is a dearth of comprehensive international COVID-19 guidance on palliative care for nursing homes. Most have a limited focus both regarding breadth of topics and recommendations made. Key aspects of palliative care, that is, symptom management, staff education and support, referral to specialist services or hospice, and family support, need greater attention in future guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32374815, "pmcid": "PMC7240772", "title": "Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Wichmann, Dominic", "Sperhake, Jan-Peter", "Lutgehetmann, Marc", "Steurer, Stefan", "Edler, Carolin", "Heinemann, Axel", "Heinrich, Fabian", "Mushumba, Herbert", "Kniep, Inga", "Schroder, Ann Sophie", "Burdelski, Christoph", "de Heer, Geraldine", "Nierhaus, Axel", "Frings, Daniel", "Pfefferle, Susanne", "Becker, Heinrich", "Bredereke-Wiedling, Hanns", "de Weerth, Andreas", "Paschen, Hans-Richard", "Sheikhzadeh-Eggers, Sara", "Stang, Axel", "Schmiedel, Stefan", "Bokemeyer, Carsten", "Addo, Marylyn M", "Aepfelbacher, Martin", "Puschel, Klaus", "Kluge, Stefan"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374815", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused more than 210\u00a0000 deaths worldwide. However, little is known about the causes of death and the virus's pathologic features. To validate and compare clinical findings with data from medical autopsy, virtual autopsy, and virologic tests. Prospective cohort study. Autopsies performed at a single academic medical center, as mandated by the German federal state of Hamburg for patients dying with a polymerase chain reaction-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The first 12 consecutive COVID-19-positive deaths. Complete autopsy, including postmortem computed tomography and histopathologic and virologic analysis, was performed. Clinical data and medical course were evaluated. Results: Median patient age was 73 years (range, 52 to 87 years), 75% of patients were male, and death occurred in the hospital (n\u00a0= 10) or outpatient sector (n\u00a0= 2). Coronary heart disease and asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most common comorbid conditions (50% and 25%, respectively). Autopsy revealed deep venous thrombosis in 7 of 12 patients (58%) in whom venous thromboembolism was not suspected before death; pulmonary embolism was the direct cause of death in 4 patients. Postmortem computed tomography revealed reticular infiltration of the lungs with severe bilateral, dense consolidation, whereas histomorphologically diffuse alveolar damage was seen in 8 patients. In all patients, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the lung at high concentrations; viremia in 6 of 10 and 5 of 12 patients demonstrated high viral RNA titers in the liver, kidney, or heart. Limited sample size. The high incidence of thromboembolic events suggests an important role of COVID-19-induced coagulopathy. Further studies are needed to investigate the molecular mechanism and overall clinical incidence of COVID-19-related death, as well as possible therapeutic interventions to reduce it. University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf."}, {"pmid": 32437575, "pmcid": "PMC7243089", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019) Infection Among Health Care Workers and Implications for Prevention Measures in a Tertiary Hospital in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Lai, Xiaoquan", "Wang, Minghuan", "Qin, Chuan", "Tan, Li", "Ran, Lusen", "Chen, Daiqi", "Zhang, Han", "Shang, Ke", "Xia, Chen", "Wang, Shaokang", "Xu, Shabei", "Wang, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437575", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care workers (HCWs) have high infection risk owing to treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, research on their infection risk and clinical characteristics is limited. To explore infection risk and clinical characteristics of HCWs with COVID-19 and to discuss possible prevention measures. This single-center case series included 9684 HCWs in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. Data were collected from January 1 to February 9, 2020. Confirmed COVID-19. Exposure, epidemiological, and demographic information was collected by a structured questionnaire. Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic information was collected from electronic medical records. A total of 335 medical staff were randomly sampled to estimate the prevalence of subclinical infection among a high-risk, asymptomatic population. Samples from surfaces in health care settings were also collected. Overall, 110 of 9684 HCWs in Tongji Hospital tested positive for COVID-19, with an infection rate of 1.1%. Of them, 70 (71.8%) were women, and they had a median (interquartile range) age of 36.5 (30.0-47.0) years. Seventeen (15.5%) worked in fever clinics or wards, indicating an infection rate of 0.5% (17 of 3110) among first-line HCWs. A total of 93 of 6574 non-first-line HCWs (1.4%) were infected. Non-first-line nurses younger than 45 years were more likely to be infected compared with first-line physicians aged 45 years or older (incident rate ratio, 16.1; 95% CI, 7.1-36.3; P\u2009<\u2009.001). The prevalence of subclinical infection was 0.74% (1 of 135) among asymptomatic first-line HCWs and 1.0% (2 of 200) among non-first-line HCWs. No environmental surfaces tested positive. Overall, 93 of 110 HCWs (84.5%) with COVID-19 had nonsevere disease, while 1 (0.9%) died. The 5 most common symptoms were fever (67 [60.9%]), myalgia or fatigue (66 [60.0%]), cough (62 [56.4%]), sore throat (55 [50.0%]), and muscle ache (50 [45.5%]). Contact with indexed patients (65 [59.1%]) and colleagues with infection (12 [10.9%]) as well as community-acquired infection (14 [12.7%]) were the main routes of exposure for HCWs. In this case series, most infections among HCWs occurred during the early stage of disease outbreak. That non-first-line HCWs had a higher infection rate than first-line HCWs differed from observation of previous viral disease epidemics. Rapid identification of staff with potential infection and routine screening among asymptomatic staff could help protect HCWs."}, {"pmid": 32302998, "pmcid": "PMC7164328", "title": "Editorial. Task shifting and task sharing for neurosurgeons amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Robertson, Faith C", "Lippa, Laura", "Broekman, Marike L D"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333552, "title": "Recommendations for Deep Brain Stimulation Device Management During a Pandemic.", "journal": "J Parkinsons Dis", "authors": ["Miocinovic, Svjetlana", "Ostrem, Jill L", "Okun, Michael S", "Bullinger, Katie L", "Riva-Posse, Patricio", "Gross, Robert E", "Buetefisch, Cathrin M"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333552", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most medical centers are postponing elective procedures and deferring non-urgent clinic visits to conserve hospital resources and prevent spread of COVID-19. The pandemic crisis presents some unique challenges for patients currently being treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS). Movement disorder (Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia), neuropsychiatric disorder (obsessive compulsive disorder, Tourette syndrome, depression), and epilepsy patients can develop varying degrees of symptom worsening from interruption of therapy due to neurostimulator battery reaching end of life, device malfunction or infection. Urgent intervention to maintain or restore stimulation may be required for patients with Parkinson's disease who can develop a rare but potentially life-threatening complication known as DBS-withdrawal syndrome. Similarly, patients with generalized dystonia can develop status dystonicus, patients with obsessive compulsive disorder can become suicidal, and epilepsy patients can experience potentially life-threatening worsening of seizures as a result of therapy cessation. DBS system infection can require urgent, and rarely emergent surgery. Elective interventions including new implantations and initial programming should be postponed. For patients with existing DBS systems, the battery status and electrical integrity interrogation can now be performed using patient programmers, and employed through telemedicine visits or by phone consultations. The decision for replacement of the implantable pulse generator to prevent interruption of DBS therapy should be made on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration battery status and a patient's tolerance to potential therapy disruption. Scheduling of the procedures, however, depends heavily on the hospital system regulations and on triage procedures with respect to safety and resource utilization during the health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32485620, "pmcid": "PMC7255182", "title": "Evaluation of the EUROIMMUN Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA Assay for detection of IgA and IgG antibodies.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Beavis, Kathleen G", "Matushek, Scott M", "Abeleda, Ana Precy F", "Bethel, Cindy", "Hunt, Carlissa", "Gillen, Stephanie", "Moran, Angelica", "Tesic, Vera"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485620", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic evolves, the development of immunoassays to help determine exposure and potentially predict immunity has become a pressing priority. In this report we present the performance of the EUROIMMUN enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for semi-quantitative detection of IgA and IgG antibodies in serum and plasma samples using recombinant S1 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as antigen. Specimens from patients, with and without COVID-19 infection, were tested at the University of Chicago Clinical Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory. Of 86 samples from SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative patients, including 28 samples positive for common human coronavirus strains, 76 tested negative and 10 tested positive for IgA (88.4% agreement, 95% CI: 79.9-93.6) while 84 tested negative and 2 tested positive for IgG (97.7% agreement, 95% CI: 91.9-99.6). Of 82 samples from SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients, 14 tested negative and 68 tested positive for IgA (82.9% agreement, 95% CI: 73.4-89.5) while 27 tested negative and 55 tested positive for IgG (67.1% agreement, 95% CI: 56.3-76.3). Of samples collected \u22654 days after positive PCR, 38 of 42 (90.5% agreement, 95% CI: 77.9-96.2) were positive for IgA, and 42 of 42 (100% agreement, 95% CI: 91.6-100) were positive for IgG, respectively. The EUROIMMUN Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA Assay demonstrated good sensitivity for detection of IgA and excellent sensitivity for detection of IgG antibodies from samples collected \u22654 days, after COVID-19 diagnosis by PCR. This assay demonstrated good specificity for IgA and excellent specificity for IgG and demonstrated only borderline cross reaction in 2 of the 28 samples from patients with common human coronaviruses infection, types NL63 and OC43."}, {"pmid": 32348165, "title": "Developing Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 and Future Epidemics and Pandemics: Applying Lessons from Past Outbreaks.", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Billington, John", "Deschamps, Isabelle", "Erck, Stanley C", "Gerberding, Julie L", "Hanon, Emmanuel", "Ivol, Sabrina", "Shiver, John W", "Spencer, Julia A", "Van Hoof, Johan"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348165", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a stark reminder of the heavy toll that emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) with epidemic and pandemic potential can inflict. Vaccine development, scale-up, and commercialization is a long, expensive, and risky enterprise that requires substantial upfront planning and offers no guarantee of success. EIDs are a particularly challenging target for global health preparedness, including for vaccine development. Insufficient attention has been given to challenges, lessons learned, and potential solutions to support and sustain vaccine industry engagement in vaccine development for EIDs. Drawing from lessons from the most recent Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as the 2009 H1N1 influenza, 2014-2016 Ebola, and 2015-16 Zika outbreaks preceding it, we offer our perspective on challenges facing EID vaccine development and recommend additional solutions to prioritize in the near term. The 6 recommendations focus on reducing vaccine development timelines and increasing business certainty to reduce risks for companies. The global health security community has an opportunity to build on the current momentum to design a sustainable model for EID vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32362587, "title": "Temporal changes in computed tomography of COVID-19 pneumonia with perilobular fibrosis.", "journal": "Hong Kong Med J", "authors": ["Ng, F H", "Li, S K", "Lee, Y C", "Ma, J K F"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362587", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249110, "pmcid": "PMC7132522", "title": "Author reply to Letters to the Editor \"CT chest findings in coronavirus disease (COVID-19)\".", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chang, Yuan-Chia", "Yang, Chin-Hua", "Chien, Yu-Chan", "Hsu, Yuan-Nian"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249110", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505627, "title": "The use of Whatsapp() as a way to deliver plastic surgery teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Hughes, B A", "Stallard, J", "West, C C"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505627", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324209, "pmcid": "PMC7180726", "title": "Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Li, Juyi", "Wang, Xiufang", "Chen, Jian", "Zhang, Hongmei", "Deng, Aiping"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data are lacking whether patients with hypertension who are taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have increased severity or risk of mortality during hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To investigate the association between ACEIs/ARBs and severity of illness and mortality in patients with hypertension hospitalized for COVID-19 infection. Retrospective, single-center case series of the 1178 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infections at the Central Hospital of Wuhan, China, from January 15 to March 15, 2020. COVID-19 was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and epidemiologic, clinical, radiologic, laboratory, and drug therapy data were analyzed in all patients. The percentage of patients with hypertension taking ACEIs/ARBs was compared between those with severe vs nonsevere illness and between survivors vs nonsurvivors. Of the 1178 patients with COVID-19, the median age was 55.5 years (interquartile range, 38-67 years) and 545 (46.3%) were men. The overall in-hospital mortality was 11.0%. There were 362 patients with hypertension (30.7% of the total group; median age, 66.0 years [interquartile range, 59-73 years]; 189 [52.2%] were men), of whom 115 (31.8%) were taking ACEI/ARBs. The in-hospital mortality in the patients with hypertension was 21.3%. The percentage of patients with hypertension taking ACEIs/ARBs did not differ between those with severe and nonsevere infections (32.9% vs 30.7%; P\u2009=\u2009.65) nor did it differ between nonsurvivors and survivors (27.3% vs 33.0%; P\u2009=\u2009.34). Similar findings were observed when data were analyzed for patients taking ACEIs and those taking ARBs. This study provides clinical data on the association between ACEIs/ARBs and outcomes in patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19 infections, suggesting that ACEIs/ARBs are not associated with the severity or mortality of COVID-19 in such patients. These data support current guidelines and societal recommendations for treating hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32340765, "pmcid": "PMC7165278", "title": "The role of the Head and Neck cancer-specific Patient Concerns Inventory (PCI-HN) in telephone consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Kanatas, A", "Rogers, S N"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472827, "title": "First Successful Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Induced Refractory Cardiogenic Plus Vasoplegic Shock by Combination of Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case Report.", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Bemtgen, Xavier", "Kruger, Kirsten", "Supady, Alexander", "Duerschmied, Daniel", "Schibilsky, David", "Bamberg, Fabian", "Bode, Christoph", "Wengenmayer, Tobias", "Staudacher, Dawid L"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472827", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is infecting hundreds of thousands of humans around the globe. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to generate mild as well as critical courses. Complications on the intensive care units include acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac, and kidney injury as well as shock. Here, we present the first case report of a successful treatment of a COVID-19 patient presenting with adult respiratory distress syndrome plus refractory combined cardiogenic and vasoplegic shock, which could be successfully stabilized after implantation of a percutaneous ventricular assist device plus an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Although such intense treatment might not be feasible in case of a health care disaster as described for the hot spots of the COVID-19 pandemic, it might encourage treatment of younger patients on intensive care units not overcrowded by critically ill patients."}, {"pmid": 32458459, "title": "Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as prognostic and predictive factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cross-sectional study.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yan, Xisheng", "Li, Fen", "Wang, Xiao", "Yan, Jie", "Zhu, Fen", "Tang, Shifan", "Deng, Yingzhong", "Wang, Hua", "Chen, Rui", "Yu, Zhili", "Li, Yaping", "Shang, Jingzhou", "Zeng, Lingjun", "Zhao, Jie", "Guan, Chaokun", "Liu, Qiaomei", "Chen, Haifeng", "Gong, Wei", "Huang, Xin", "Zhang, Yu-Jiao", "Liu, Jianguang", "Dong, Xiaoyan", "Zheng, Wen", "Nie, Shaoping", "Li, Dongsheng"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458459", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This retrospective study was designed to explore whether neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a prognostic factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A cohort of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University from 11 January 2020 to 3 March 2020 was retrospectively analyzed. Patients with hematologic malignancy were excluded. The NLR was calculated by dividing the neutrophil count by the lymphocyte count. NLR values were measured at the time of admission. The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. A multivariate logistic analysis was performed. A total of 1004 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. The mortality rate was 4.0% (40 cases). The median age of nonsurvivors (68 years) was significantly older than survivors (62 years). Male sex was more predominant in nonsurvival group (27; 67.5%) than in the survival group (466; 48.3%). NLR value of nonsurvival group (median: 49.06; interquartile range [IQR]: 25.71-69.70) was higher than that of survival group (median: 4.11; IQR: 2.44-8.12; P\u2009<\u2009.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, NLR\u2009 more than 11.75 was significantly correlated with all-cause in-hospital mortality (odds ratio\u2009=\u200944.351; 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20094.627-425.088). These results suggest that the NLR at hospital admission is associated with in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the NLR appears to be a significant prognostic biomarker of outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID-19. However, further investigation is needed to validate this relationship with data collected prospectively."}, {"pmid": 32350436, "title": "Hopes rise for coronavirus drug remdesivir.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ledford, Heidi"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350436", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282986, "pmcid": "PMC7262295", "title": "Clinical characteristics and immunosuppressant management of coronavirus disease 2019 in solid organ transplant recipients.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Zhong, Zibiao", "Zhang, Qiuyan", "Xia, Haoyang", "Wang, Aiping", "Liang, Wenjin", "Zhou, Wei", "Zhou, Lihua", "Liu, Xiao", "Rao, Lingzhang", "Li, Zhifeng", "Peng, Zhiyong", "Mo, Pingzheng", "Xiong, Yong", "Ye, Shaojun", "Wang, Yanfeng", "Ye, Qifa"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282986", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over 1\u00a0000\u00a0000 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been confirmed since the worldwide outbreak began. Not enough data on infected solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are available, especially data about the management of immunosuppressants. We report two cases of COVID-19 in two transplant recipients, with different treatments and prognoses. The first patient received liver transplantation due to hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma and was confirmed to have COVID-19 9\u00a0days later. Following a treatment regimen consisting of discontinued immunosuppressant use and low-dose methylprednisolone-based therapy, the patient developed acute rejection but eventually recovered. The other patient had undergone a renal transplant from a living-related donor 17\u00a0years ago, and was admitted to the hospital because of persistent fever. This patient was also diagnosed with COVID-19. His treatment regimen consisted of reduced immunosuppressant use. No signs of rejection were observed during the regimen. In the end, the patient successfully recovered from COVID-19. These effectively treated cases can provide a basis for immunosuppressant management of COVID-19-positive SOT recipients."}, {"pmid": 32367931, "pmcid": "PMC7192694", "title": "Facial Pressure Ulcers in a COVID-19 50-year-old Female Intubated Patient.", "journal": "Indian J Plast Surg", "authors": ["Zingarelli, Enrico M", "Ghiglione, Marco", "Pesce, Marianna", "Orejuela, Ileana", "Scarrone, Silvia", "Panizza, Renzo"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367931", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In case of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected patients, the invasive ventilation in prone position can improve the prognosis, albeit with an increased risk of facial pressure ulcers. In this report, we will relate a case of facial pressure ulcers in a SARS-CoV-2 positive 50 year-old woman with the aim to describe the high-complexity management of COVID 19 in which healthcare professionals across the world are still involved."}, {"pmid": 32292261, "pmcid": "PMC7144605", "title": "Biological and Epidemiological Trends in the Prevalence and Mortality due to Outbreaks of Novel Coronavirus COVID-19.", "journal": "J King Saud Univ Sci", "authors": ["Meo, Sultan Ayoub", "Al-Khlaiwi, Thamir", "Usmani, Adnan Mahmood", "Meo, Anusha Sultan", "Klonoff, David C", "Hoang, Thanh D"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292261", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (Covid-19) infection outbreak has posed a major threat to international health system and economy. This study is aimed at investigating the biological and epidemiological trends in the prevalence and mortality due to outbreaks of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infections. The data on the global outbreak of COVID-19, were obtained from World Health Organization (WHO), Worldometer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and research institutes. The information was also recorded from research documents published in global scientific journals indexed in Pub Med and Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science on the trends in the prevalence and mortality due to COVID-19 infection outbreaks. The results show rising trends in the transmission, prevalence and mortality rate due to coronavirus COVID-19. During the period of December 29, 2019 through March 31, 2020, it has infected 750890 people worldwide, resulting in 36405 deaths with a mortality rate of 4.84%. The infections were more frequent among male gender with above 60 years of age. The mean growth rate index for total number of cases from January 23 to March 31, 2020 was 1.20 and growth rate index for mortality rate was 1.12. There was a positive association between the prevalence and mortality rate (R2=0.996). The novel coronavirus COVID-19 is highly contagious and has affected a large number of people worldwide. It is still spreading with mutable prevalence and mortality outbreak trends. The global health officials have taken priority measures to prevent the further outbreaks of this emerging pathogen across the globe. However, the rising number of cases and mortality risk estimates are demonstrating that enhanced public health mediations, good hygienic conditions, social distancing and movement limitations may control the COVID-19 epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32351864, "pmcid": "PMC7186100", "title": "Protected Stroke Mechanical Thrombectomy Code During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Southwestern Part of Saudi Arabia Stroke Unit Local Protocol.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Alqahtani, Saeed A", "Alnaami, Ibrahim", "Alhazzani, Adel"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351864", "countries": ["China", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cerebrovascular diseases are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, in particular those with large vessels occlusion (LVO). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global crisis rapidly since its initial outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December, 2019. Stroke due to LVO needs rapid assessment and timely endovascular intervention which can be very challenging during the time of pandemic where you need to deliver proper, safe, and timely care to acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with LVO, yet, protecting healthcare workers and existing patients at the medical facility. In this article, we share our local experience in the stroke unit at Aseer Central Hospital which is the main hub of stroke patients in the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia and the primary regional COVID center to provide guidance to perform smooth, safe, and swift mechanical thrombectomy during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic as well as possible similar future situations."}, {"pmid": 32467576, "title": "NASA's isolation experts: Lockdown lessons from space.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Owens, Brian"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467576", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434626, "title": "The Virtual Neurologic Exam: Instructional videos and guidance for the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Al Hussona, Mariam", "Maher, Monica", "Chan, David", "Micieli, Jonathan A", "Jain, Jennifer D", "Khosravani, Houman", "Izenberg, Aaron", "Kassardjian, Charles D", "Mitchell, Sara B"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470601, "pmcid": "PMC7255259", "title": "Successful recovery of severe COVID-19 with cytokine storm treating with extracorporeal blood purification.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Qiang", "Hu, Zhao"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470601", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 associated cytokine storm could induce ARDS rapidly and the patients would require the support of mechanic ventilation. However, the prognosis was not that optimistic. The outcome might be changed if the intervention of EBP was performed timely. We present a case of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection who recovered from cytokine storm."}, {"pmid": 32109372, "pmcid": "PMC7128131", "title": "Potential association between COVID-19 mortality and health-care resource availability.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Ji, Yunpeng", "Ma, Zhongren", "Peppelenbosch, Maikel P", "Pan, Qiuwei"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32109372", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344997, "title": "Professional academic organizations on infectious disease Joint Statement on COVID-19.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404651, "pmcid": "PMC7236857", "title": "Opioid Use Disorder and COVID-19: Crashing of the Crises.", "journal": "J Addict Med", "authors": ["Khatri, Utsha G", "Perrone, Jeanmarie"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404651", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": The COVID19 crisis has created many additional challenges for patients with opioid use disorder, including those seeking treatment with medications for OUD. Some of these challenges include closure of substance use treatment clinics, focus of emergency departments on COVID-19 patients, social distancing and shelter in place orders affecting mental health, bystander overdose rescue, threats to income and supply of substances for people who use drugs. While the initial changes in regulation allowing buprenorphine prescribing by telehealth are welcomed by providers and patients, many additional innovations are required to ensure that additional vulnerabilities and hurdles created by this pandemic scenario do not further fan the flames of the opioid epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32143123, "pmcid": "PMC7129486", "title": "Rapid random access detection of the novel SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously 2019-nCoV) using an open access protocol for the Panther Fusion.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Cordes, Anne K", "Heim, Albert"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32143123", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425637, "pmcid": "PMC7231496", "title": "Changes in implementation of personal protective measures by ordinary Japanese citizens: A longitudinal study from the early phase to the community transmission phase of the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Machida, Masaki", "Nakamura, Itaru", "Saito, Reiko", "Nakaya, Tomoki", "Hanibuchi, Tomoya", "Takamiya, Tomoko", "Odagiri, Yuko", "Fukushima, Noritoshi", "Kikuchi, Hiroyuki", "Amagasa, Shiho", "Kojima, Takako", "Watanabe, Hidehiro", "Inoue, Shigeru"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425637", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To clarify changes in the implementation of personal protective measures among ordinary Japanese citizens from the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak to the community transmission phase. This longitudinal, internet-based survey included 2141 people (50.8% men; 20-79 years). The baseline and follow-up surveys were conducted from February 25-27, 2020, and April 1-6, 2020, respectively. Participants were asked how often they implemented the five personal protective measures recommended by the World Health Organization (hand hygiene, social distancing, avoiding touching the eyes, nose and mouth, respiratory etiquette, and self-isolation) in the baseline and follow-up surveys. Three of the five personal protective measures' availability significantly improved during the community transmission phase compared to the early phase. Social distancing measures showed significant improvement, from 67.4% to 82.2%. However, the prevalence of avoiding touching the eyes, nose, and mouth, which had the lowest prevalence in the early phase, showed no significant improvement (approximately 60%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that men and persons of low-income households made fewer improvements than women and persons of high-income households. The availability of personal protective measures by ordinary citizens is improving; however, there is potential for improvement, especially concerning avoiding touching eyes, nose, and mouth."}, {"pmid": 32379310, "pmcid": "PMC7239184", "title": "Letter: Safety Considerations for Neurosurgical Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Daci, Rrita", "Natarajan, Sabareesh K", "Johnson, Mark D"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379310", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363506, "pmcid": "PMC7196180", "title": "Self-reported needs of patients with Parkinson's disease during COVID-19 emergency in Italy.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Schirinzi, Tommaso", "Cerroni, Rocco", "Di Lazzaro, Giulia", "Liguori, Claudio", "Scalise, Simona", "Bovenzi, Roberta", "Conti, Matteo", "Garasto, Elena", "Mercuri, Nicola Biagio", "Pierantozzi, Mariangela", "Pisani, Antonio", "Stefani, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363506", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Because of COVID-19 outbreak, regular clinical services for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have been suddenly suspended, causing worries, confusion and unexpected needs in such frail population. Here, we reviewed the messages spontaneously sent by patients to an Italian PD clinic during the first two weeks of COVID-19 lockdown (9-21 March 2020), in order to highlight their main needs and then outline appropriate strategies of care for this critical period. One hundred sixty-two messages were analysed. Forty-six percent queried about clinical services; 28% communicated an acute clinical worsening for which a therapeutic change was done in 52% of cases; 17% (those patients with younger age and milder disease) asked about the relationship between PD and COVID-19; 8% informed about an intercurrent event. Our analysis suggests that PD patients' needs during COVID-19 emergency include appropriate and complete information, a timely update on changes in clinical services, and the continuity of care, even in a remote mode. By addressing these issues, acute clinical worsening, complications and subsequent therapeutic changes could be prevented. In this perspective, telecommunication systems and virtual medicine should be implemented."}, {"pmid": 32333911, "pmcid": "PMC7195377", "title": "Prevalence and Characteristics of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the United States: A Multicenter Cohort Study.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Redd, Walker D", "Zhou, Joyce C", "Hathorn, Kelly E", "McCarty, Thomas R", "Bazarbashi, Ahmad Najdat", "Thompson, Christopher C", "Shen, Lin", "Chan, Walter W"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333911", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393381, "pmcid": "PMC7211983", "title": "Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey.", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Jin, Ying-Hui", "Huang, Qiao", "Wang, Yun-Yun", "Zeng, Xian-Tao", "Luo, Li-Sha", "Pan, Zhen-Yu", "Yuan, Yu-Feng", "Chen, Zhi-Min", "Cheng, Zhen-Shun", "Huang, Xing", "Wang, Na", "Li, Bing-Hui", "Zi, Hao", "Zhao, Ming-Juan", "Ma, Lin-Lu", "Deng, Tong", "Wang, Ying", "Wang, Xing-Huan"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393381", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many healthcare workers were infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) early in the epidemic posing a big challenge for epidemic control. Hence, this study aims to explore perceived infection routes, influencing factors, psychosocial changes, and management procedures for COVID-19 infected healthcare workers. This is a cross-sectional, single hospital-based study. We recruited all 105 confirmed COVID-19 healthcare workers in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from February 15 to 29, 2020. All participants completed a validated questionnaire. Electronic consent was obtained from all participants. Perceived causes of infection, infection prevention, control knowledge and behaviour, psychological changes, symptoms and treatment were measured. Finally, 103 professional staff with COVID-19 finished the questionnaire and was included (response rate: 98.1%). Of them, 87 cases (84.5%) thought they were infected in working environment in hospital, one (1.0%) thought their infection was due to the laboratory environment, and 5 (4.9%) thought they were infected in daily life or community environment. Swab of throat collection and physical examination were the procedures perceived as most likely causing their infection by nurses and doctors respectively. Forty-three (41.8%) thought their infection was related to protective equipment, utilization of common equipment (masks and gloves). The top three first symptoms displayed before diagnosis were fever (41.8%), lethargy (33.0%) and muscle aches (30.1%). After diagnosis, 88.3% staff experienced psychological stress or emotional changes during their isolation period, only 11.7% had almost no emotional changes. Arbidol (Umifenovir; an anti-influza drug; 69.2%) was the drug most commonly used to target infection in mild and moderate symptoms. The main perceived mode of transmission was not maintaining protection when working at a close distance and having intimate contact with infected cases. Positive psychological intervention is necessary."}, {"pmid": 32420949, "title": "Rare Anaemias, Sickle-Cell Disease and COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Vives Corrons, Joan-Lluis", "De Sanctis, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420949", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For rare haematological diseases (RHD), the first question to be answered is if patients with be- nign red blood cell (RBC) defects like haemoglobinopathies, membranopathies and enzymopathies are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. Up to now, there is no yet literature on the subject, but, like in general population, the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, reduced kidney and/or liver function, worsen the effects of the infection. Splenectomy may be an additional risk factor."}, {"pmid": 32195887, "pmcid": "PMC7253046", "title": "Computed Tomography Manifestations of 5 Cases of the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia From Patients Outside Wuhan.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Lu, Tao", "Pu, Hong"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195887", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical, laboratory, and computed tomography (CT) findings of 5 cases of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia from patients outside of Wuhan were reviewed. The human-to-human transmission of the virus may explain the infection of the disease outside of Wuhan. CT examination is important in the early detection and follow-up of the disease. With a history of exposure or travelling, symptoms of fever and cough, and the typical CT manifestation such as ground-glass opacity with a peripheral distribution, we should also think of the possibility of the COVID-19 pneumonia in patients outside of Wuhan."}, {"pmid": 32356944, "pmcid": "PMC7206929", "title": "Early Detection of Covid-19 through a Citywide Pandemic Surveillance Platform.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Chu, Helen Y", "Englund, Janet A", "Starita, Lea M", "Famulare, Michael", "Brandstetter, Elisabeth", "Nickerson, Deborah A", "Rieder, Mark J", "Adler, Amanda", "Lacombe, Kirsten", "Kim, Ashley E", "Graham, Chelsey", "Logue, Jennifer", "Wolf, Caitlin R", "Heimonen, Jessica", "McCulloch, Denise J", "Han, Peter D", "Sibley, Thomas R", "Lee, Jover", "Ilcisin, Misja", "Fay, Kairsten", "Burstein, Roy", "Martin, Beth", "Lockwood, Christina M", "Thompson, Matthew", "Lutz, Barry", "Jackson, Michael", "Hughes, James P", "Boeckh, Michael", "Shendure, Jay", "Bedford, Trevor"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356944", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531248, "title": "Structural Basis for Potent Neutralization of Betacoronaviruses by Single-Domain Camelid Antibodies.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Wrapp, Daniel", "De Vlieger, Dorien", "Corbett, Kizzmekia S", "Torres, Gretel M", "Wang, Nianshuang", "Van Breedam, Wander", "Roose, Kenny", "van Schie, Loes", "Hoffmann, Markus", "Pohlmann, Stefan", "Graham, Barney S", "Callewaert, Nico", "Schepens, Bert", "Saelens, Xavier", "McLellan, Jason S"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531248", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433264, "pmcid": "PMC7253037", "title": "North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Guide for Neuroendocrine Tumor Patient Health Care Providers During COVID-19.", "journal": "Pancreas", "authors": ["Bergsland, Emily K", "Halperin, Daniel M", "Dillon, Joseph S", "Dasari, N Arvind", "Kunz, Pamela L", "Soares, Heloisa P", "Pryma, Daniel", "Bodei, Lisa", "Hope, Thomas", "Soulen, Michael C", "Mailman, Josh", "Howe, James R"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433264", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474557, "title": "An overview of mobile applications (apps) to support the coronavirus disease-2019 response in India.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Bassi, Abhinav", "Arfin, Sumaiya", "John, Oommen", "Jha, Vivekanand"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474557", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The potential benefits of mobile health (mHealth) initiatives to manage the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have been explored. The Government of India, State governments, and healthcare organizations have developed various mobile apps for the containment of COVID-19. This study was aimed to systematically review COVID-19 related mobile apps and highlight gaps to inform the development of future mHealth initiatives. Google Play and the Apple app stores were searched using the terms 'COVID-19', 'coronavirus', 'pandemic', and 'epidemic' in the first week of April 2020. A list of COVID-19-specific functions was compiled based on the review of the selected apps, the literature on epidemic surveillance, and national and international media reports. The World Health Organization guideline on Digital Health Interventions was used to classify the app functions under the categories of the general public, health workers, health system managers, and data services. The search yielded 346 potential COVID-19 apps, of which 50 met the inclusion criteria. Dissemination of untargeted COVID-19-related information on preventative strategies and monitoring the movements of quarantined individuals was the function of 27 (54%) and 19 (32%) apps, respectively. Eight (16%) apps had a contact tracing and hotspot identification function. Our study highlights the current emphasis on the development of self-testing, quarantine monitoring, and contact tracing apps. India's response to COVID-19 can be strengthened by developing comprehensive mHealth solutions for frontline healthcare workers, rapid response teams and public health authorities. Among this unprecedented global health emergency, the Governments must ensure the necessary but least intrusive measures for disease surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32499635, "pmcid": "PMC7270747", "title": "Author Correction: COVID-19: the vasculature unleashed.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Teuwen, Laure-Anne", "Geldhof, Vincent", "Pasut, Alessandra", "Carmeliet, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499635", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32323974, "pmcid": "PMC7202245", "title": "Rapid and Sensitive Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, Using Lanthanide-Doped Nanoparticles-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay.", "journal": "Anal Chem", "authors": ["Chen, Zhenhua", "Zhang, Zhigao", "Zhai, Xiangming", "Li, Yongyin", "Lin, Li", "Zhao, Hui", "Bian, Lun", "Li, Peng", "Yu, Lei", "Wu, Yingsong", "Lin, Guanfeng"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323974", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a challenge for hospital laboratories because of the huge number of samples that must be tested for the presence of the causative pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Simple and rapid immunodiagnostic methods are urgently needed to identify positive cases. Here we report the development of a rapid and sensitive lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) that uses lanthanide-doped polysterene nanoparticles (LNPs) to detect anti-SARV-CoV-2 IgG in human serum. A recombinant nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 was dispensed onto a nitrocellulose membrane to capture specific IgG. Mouse anti-human IgG antibody was labeled with self-assembled LNPs that served as a fluorescent reporter. A 100-\u03bcL aliquot of serum samples (1:1000 dilution) was used for this assay and the whole detection process took 10 min. The results of the validation experiment met the requirements for clinical diagnostic reagents. A value of 0.0666 was defined as the cutoff value by assaying 51 normal samples. We tested 7 samples that were positive by reverse-transcription (RT-)PCR and 12 that were negative but clinically suspicious for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. One of the negative samples was determined to be SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive, while the results for the other samples were consistent with those obtained by RT-PCR. Thus, this assay can achieve rapid and sensitive detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in human serum and allow positive identification in suspicious cases; it can also be useful for monitoring the progression COVID-19 and evaluating patients' response to treatment."}, {"pmid": 32301198, "pmcid": "PMC7235513", "title": "Case report: A kidney transplant patient with mild COVID-19.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Arpali, Emre", "Akyollu, Basak", "Yelken, Berna", "Tekin, Suda", "Turkmen, Aydin", "Kocak, Burak"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301198", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a pandemic with a mortality rate of 1%-6% in the general population. However, the mortality rate seems to be significantly higher in elderly patients, especially those hospitalized with comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, or coronary artery diseases. Because viral diseases may have atypical presentations in immunosuppressed patients, the course of the disease in the transplant patient population is unknown. Hence, the management of these patients with COVID-19 is an area of interest, and a unique approach is warranted. Here, we report the clinical features and our treatment approach for a kidney transplant patient with a diagnosis of COVID-19. We believe that screening protocols for SARS-Cov-2 should be re-evaluated in patients with solid-organ transplants."}, {"pmid": 32221513, "title": "Facing up to the uncertainties of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Chater, Nick"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221513", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32197093, "pmcid": "PMC7270565", "title": "Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Xiao, Yong", "Pan, Hong", "She, Qian", "Wang, Fen", "Chen, Mingkai"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197093", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398287, "title": "Covid-19: What is the R number?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398287", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355435, "pmcid": "PMC7190554", "title": "Mathematical modeling of the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) taking into account the undetected infections. The case of China.", "journal": "Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul", "authors": ["Ivorra, B", "Ferrandez, M R", "Vela-Perez, M", "Ramos, A M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355435", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper we develop a mathematical model for the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a new \u03b8-SEIHRD model (not a SIR, SEIR or other general purpose model), which takes into account the known special characteristics of this disease, as the existence of infectious undetected cases and the different sanitary and infectiousness conditions of hospitalized people. In particular, it includes a novel approach that considers the fraction \u03b8 of detected cases over the real total infected cases, which allows to study the importance of this ratio on the impact of COVID-19. The model is also able to estimate the needs of beds in hospitals. It is complex enough to capture the most important effects, but also simple enough to allow an affordable identification of its parameters, using the data that authorities report on this pandemic. We study the particular case of China (including Chinese Mainland, Macao, Hong-Kong and Taiwan, as done by the World Health Organization in its reports on COVID-19), the country spreading the disease, and use its reported data to identify the model parameters, which can be of interest for estimating the spread of COVID-19 in other countries. We show a good agreement between the reported data and the estimations given by our model. We also study the behavior of the outputs returned by our model when considering incomplete reported data (by truncating them at some dates before and after the peak of daily reported cases). By comparing those results, we can estimate the error produced by the model when identifying the parameters at early stages of the pandemic. Finally, taking into account the advantages of the novelties introduced by our model, we study different scenarios to show how different values of the percentage of detected cases would have changed the global magnitude of COVID-19 in China, which can be of interest for policy makers."}, {"pmid": 32321620, "pmcid": "PMC7188959", "title": "Corticosteroid use for 2019-nCoV infection: A double-edged sword.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Nasim, Sundus", "Kumar, Sohail", "Azim, Dua", "Ashraf, Zehra", "Azeem, Qiraat"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321620", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533669, "title": "Hospital Pharmacy in the multidisciplinary team of COVID inpatient units.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Gil-Navarro, Maria Victoria", "Luque-Marquez, Rafael"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533669", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the implementation of the Antimicrobial Therapy Optimization Programme,\u00a0hospital pharmacy specialists have collaborated with infectious\u00a0disease specialists on a regular basis in most hospitals in Spain.\u00a0 Cooperation\u00a0between these professionals ensures the integrated management of\u00a0patients with infectious diseases and the appropriate use of antimicrobials\u00a0in\u00a0 hospitals.\u00a0The COVID-19 pandemic forced hospital pharmacists to abruptly\u00a0 suspend\u00a0all their structured activities and concentrate on the health crisis.\u00a0 Realtime\u00a0information sharing between different medicine specialties is an\u00a0 effective\u00a0strategy to generate and maintain treatment protocols adapted to each\u00a0center, with continuous evidence-based modifications as new publications\u00a0appear.\u00a0Hospital pharmacies had to reorganize their activities to\u00a0 respond to the\u00a0pandemic. On the one side were patients with COVID-19, and on\u00a0 the other\u00a0were routine hospital pharmacy tasks, with the added difficulty of\u00a0 adapting\u00a0to individual protection measures. New communication and\u00a0 collaboration\u00a0strategies were adopted. Protocols were established for the\u00a0 management\u00a0of COVID-19 patients, with continuous changes; special\u00a0 medications had\u00a0to be prepared and distributed; circuits were designed for the\u00a0 home- or institution-based care of patients; internal circuits were created to\u00a0 minimize the\u00a0movements of hospital staff and professionals caring for COVID-19\u00a0 patients.\u00a0The most effective antiviral drug and anti inflammatory therapy\u00a0 remains\u00a0elusive. In this scenario, hospital pharmacists emerge as a key player,\u00a0 as\u00a0they have a deep understanding of the mechanisms of action of drugs and\u00a0 potential interactions. In a setting where experimental drugs preferably tested in clinical trials are being used, the role of hospital pharmacists in interdisciplinary\u00a0 teams has become essential for the optimization of clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32319876, "pmcid": "PMC7200842", "title": "Computed tomography (CT) scan challenges the result of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test in a suspected COVID-19 case.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Yan, Kun", "Zhang, Jingfeng", "Zhang, Yangfan", "Zhang, Shun", "Cai, Ting", "Zheng, Jianjun"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319876", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423471, "pmcid": "PMC7232908", "title": "Musculoskeletal symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients.", "journal": "J Orthop Surg Res", "authors": ["Cipollaro, Lucio", "Giordano, Lorenzo", "Padulo, Johnny", "Oliva, Francesco", "Maffulli, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423471", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476594, "title": "Virtual screening, ADME/T, and binding free energy analysis of anti-viral, anti-protease, and anti-infectious compounds against NSP10/NSP16 methyltransferase and main protease of SARS CoV-2.", "journal": "J Recept Signal Transduct Res", "authors": ["Maurya, Santosh K", "Maurya, Akhilesh Kumar", "Mishra, Nidhi", "Siddique, Hifzur R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476594", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, a pathogen has been identified as a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and found to trigger novel pneumonia (COVID-19) in human beings and some other mammals. The uncontrolled release of cytokines is seen from the primary stages of symptoms to last acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thus, it is necessary to find out safe and effective drugs against this deadly coronavirus as soon as possible. Here, we downloaded the three-dimensional model of NSP10/NSP16 methyltransferase (PDB-ID: 6w6l) and main protease (PDB-ID: 6lu7) of COVID-19. Using these molecular models, we performed virtual screening with our anti-viral, inti-infectious, and anti-protease compounds, which are attractive therapeutics to prevent infection of the COVID-19. We found that top screened compound binds with protein molecules with good dock score with the help of hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. We observed that protease complexed with Cyclocytidine hydrochloride (anti-viral and anti-cancer), Trifluridine (anti-viral), Adonitol, and Meropenem (anti-bacterial), and Penciclovir (anti-viral) bound with a good docking score ranging from -6.8 to -5.1 (Kcal/mol). Further, NSP10/NSP16 methyltransferase complexed with Telbivudine, Oxytetracycline dihydrate (anti-viral), Methylgallate (anti-malarial), 2-deoxyglucose and Daphnetin (anti-cancer) from the docking score of -7.0 to -5.7 (Kcal/mol). In conclusion, the selected compounds may be used as a novel therapeutic agent to combat this deadly pandemic disease, SARS-CoV-2 infection, but needs further experimental research.HighlightsNSP10/NSP16 methyltransferase and main protease complex of SARS CoV-2 bind with selected drugs.NSP10/NSP16 methyltransferase and protease interacted with drugs by hydrophobic interactions.Compounds show good DG binging free energy with protein complexes.Ligands were found to follow the Lipinski rule of five."}, {"pmid": 32366131, "pmcid": "PMC7212535", "title": "Harnessing the potential of CRISPR-based platforms to advance the field of hospital medicine.", "journal": "Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther", "authors": ["McCarthy, Matthew W"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366131", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are segments of nucleic acid that play a role in prokaryotic defense and form the basis of a genome editing technology that allows permanent alteration of genetic material. This methodology, known as CRISPR-Cas9, is poised to revolutionize molecular biology, but no literature yet exists on how these advances will affect hospitalists.Areas covered: These specialists in inpatient medicine care for a wide variety of hospitalized patients, including those with infectious disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, hematologic disease, and a variety of other conditions that may soon be impacted by advances in gene-modifying technology provided by CRISPR-Cas9. A Literature search was performed using PubMed [1 December 2019-17 April 2020].Expert opinion: This paper reviews the remarkable diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the CRISPR-Cas9 platform and concludes with a look at ethical issues and technical hurdles pertaining to the implementation of permanent gene modification in the practice of Hospital Medicine."}, {"pmid": 32325039, "pmcid": "PMC7172723", "title": "Projecting the demand for ventilators at the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wells, Chad R", "Fitzpatrick, Meagan C", "Sah, Pratha", "Shoukat, Affan", "Pandey, Abhishek", "El-Sayed, Abdulrahman M", "Singer, Burton H", "Moghadas, Seyed M", "Galvani, Alison P"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325039", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422438, "pmcid": "PMC7205627", "title": "The risk of COVID-19 transmission in favelas and slums in Brazil.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Pereira, R J", "Nascimento, G N L do", "Gratao, L H A", "Pimenta, R S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422438", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408793, "pmcid": "PMC7231906", "title": "Hypertension is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.", "journal": "J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst", "authors": ["Pranata, Raymond", "Lim, Michael Anthonius", "Huang, Ian", "Raharjo, Sunu Budhi", "Lukito, Antonia Anna"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408793", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the association between hypertension and outcome in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. We performed a systematic literature search from several databases on studies that assess hypertension and outcome in COVID-19. Composite of poor outcome, comprising of mortality, severe COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), need for intensive care unit (ICU) care and disease progression were the outcomes of interest. A total of 6560 patients were pooled from 30 studies. Hypertension was associated with increased composite poor outcome (risk ratio (RR) 2.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.85, 2.40), p < 0.001; I2, 44%) and its sub-group, including mortality (RR 2.21 (1.74, 2.81), p < 0.001; I2, 66%), severe COVID-19 (RR 2.04 (1.69, 2.47), p < 0.001; I2 31%), ARDS (RR 1.64 (1.11, 2.43), p = 0.01; I2,0%, p = 0.35), ICU care (RR 2.11 (1.34, 3.33), p = 0.001; I2 18%, p = 0.30), and disease progression (RR 3.01 (1.51, 5.99), p = 0.002; I2 0%, p = 0.55). Meta-regression analysis showed that gender (p = 0.013) was a covariate that affects the association. The association was stronger in studies with a percentage of males < 55% compared to \u2a7e 55% (RR 2.32 v. RR 1.79). Hypertension was associated with increased composite poor outcome, including mortality, severe COVID-19, ARDS, need for ICU care and disease progression in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32468450, "title": "New clinical manifestation of COVID-19 related Guillain-Barre syndrome highly responsive to intravenous immunoglobulins: two Italian cases.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Assini, Andrea", "Benedetti, Luana", "Di Maio, Silvia", "Schirinzi, Erika", "Del Sette, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468450", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334009, "pmcid": "PMC7195414", "title": "Correspondence COVID-19: Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Salles, Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334009", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32477618, "pmcid": "PMC7245343", "title": "Guidance for Remote Reporting of Digital Pathology Slides During Periods of Exceptional Service Pressure: An Emergency Response from the UK Royal College of Pathologists.", "journal": "J Pathol Inform", "authors": ["Williams, Bethany Jill", "Brettle, David", "Aslam, Muhammad", "Barrett, Paul", "Bryson, Gareth", "Cross, Simon", "Snead, David", "Verrill, Clare", "Clarke, Emily", "Wright, Alexander", "Treanor, Darren"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32477618", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pathology departments must rise to new staffing challenges caused by the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic and may need to work more flexibly for the foreseeable future. In light of this, many pathologists and departments are considering the merits of remote or home reporting of digital cases. While some individuals have experience of this, little work has been done to determine optimum conditions for home reporting, including technical and training considerations. In this publication produced in response to the pandemic, we provide information regarding risk assessment of home reporting of digital slides, summarize available information on specifications for home reporting computing equipment, and share access to a novel point-of-use quality assurance tool for assessing the suitability of home reporting screens for digital slide diagnosis. We hope this study provides a useful starting point and some practical guidance in a difficult time. This study forms the basis of the guidance issued by the Royal College of Pathologists, available at: https://www.rcpath.org/uploads/assets/626ead77-d7dd-42e1-949988e43dc84c97/RCPath-guidance-for-remote-digital-pathology.pdf."}, {"pmid": 32393803, "title": "Fast and frugal innovations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Harris, Matthew", "Bhatti, Yasser", "Buckley, Jim", "Sharma, Dhananjaya"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393803", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32122430, "pmcid": "PMC7200852", "title": "Identification of COVID-19 can be quicker through artificial intelligence framework using a mobile phone-based survey when cities and towns are under quarantine.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Srinivasa Rao, Arni S R", "Vazquez, Jose A"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122430", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We propose the use of a machine learning algorithm to improve possible COVID-19 case identification more quickly using a mobile phone-based web survey. This method could reduce the spread of the virus in susceptible populations under quarantine."}, {"pmid": 32507468, "title": "Measuring grip strength in COVID-19: A simple way to predict overall frailty/impairment.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Ekiz, Timur", "Kara, Murat", "Ozcakar, Levent"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507468", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395690, "pmcid": "PMC7184362", "title": "COVID-19: Advice from the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology for Endoscopy Facilities, as of March 16, 2020.", "journal": "J Can Assoc Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Tse, Frances", "Borgaonkar, Mark", "Leontiadis, Grigorios I"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395690", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298208, "title": "The Application of Mobile Telehealth System to Facilitate Patient Information Presentation and Case Discussion.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Ren, Xiaoyang", "Zhai, Yunkai", "Song, Xiaoqin", "Wang, Zhenbo", "Dou, Dongwei", "Li, Yuhong"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298208", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    \n                        Background:\n                    \n                    Most secondary transmission of COVID-19 is occurring in a hospital setting. To decrease person-to-person contact, health care providers have built many isolation wards. However, out-of-hospital professionals cannot access patient information, which has greatly reduced the efficiency of treatment; it is inconvenient for health care professionals to issue a case discussion with professionals from other wards. This article mainly introduces a mobile telehealth system (MTS) applied to facilitate patient information presentation and case discussion.\n                    \n                        Materials and Methods:\n                    \n                    The MTS searches patient information, which is stored in hospital intranet, and uses five modules to display patient information. By a request/response module and a real-time interaction module, we successfully conducted case discussions. In addition, we took measures in three areas to prevent patient information leakage.\n                    \n                        Results:\n                    \n                    The system uses mobile collaboration technology to present patient information and support case discussion. MTS was officially launched for 37 days, during which it has been used 3,061 times.\n                    \n                        Conclusions:\n                    \n                    The building of the MTS not only provides convenience and benefit for health care professionals, but also reduces person-to-person contact.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32275082, "pmcid": "PMC7262346", "title": "Conjunctiva is not a preferred gateway of entry for SARS-CoV-2 to infect respiratory tract.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Zhe", "Sun, Chuan-Bin"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275082", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323645, "pmcid": "PMC7253086", "title": "Public Masking: An Urgent Need to Revise Global Policies to Protect against COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Keshtkar-Jahromi, Maryam", "Sulkowski, Mark", "Holakouie-Naieni, Kourosh"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323645", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509307, "pmcid": "PMC7261258", "title": "COVID19, the pandemic which may exemplify a need for harm-reduction approaches to eating disorders: a reflection from a person living with an eating disorder.", "journal": "J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Janse van Rensburg, Margaret"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509307", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This reflective piece, written by a woman with an eating disorder aims to identify the impact of COVID-19 on persons living with eating disorders and provide a social justice approach as a resolution. The author identifies that eating disorder behaviors may be the only coping tool available for many persons with eating disorders during this time of uncertainty. While she acknowledges the risks associated with eating disorder behaviors, she identifies that this time of uncertainty may be a time to embrace harm-reduction in approaching the health and wellness of persons with eating disorders."}, {"pmid": 32273135, "pmcid": "PMC7136873", "title": "Analysis of Characteristics in Death Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia without Underlying Diseases.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Hu, Yiqi", "Deng, He", "Huang, Lu", "Xia, Liming", "Zhou, Xin"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273135", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474988, "title": "Non-complicated evolution of COVID-19 infection in a patient with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis during treatment with adalimumab.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Valenti, M", "Facheris, P", "Pavia, G", "Gargiulo, L", "Borroni, R G", "Costanzo, A", "Narcisi, A"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474988", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498753, "title": "COVID-19 applications made during an outbreak in a chemotherapy center: The Case of Turkey.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Ozyer, Yasemin"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498753", "countries": ["China", "Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the pneumonia epidemic that occurred due to an unknown reason in Wuhan, China, has spread to the whole country. This disease was originally named the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), then the World Health Organization (WHO) changed this epidemic disease to Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) on February 11, 2020. After this date, 37.590 cases were detected worldwide. To date, COVID-19 has become a global threat, affecting more than 28 countries. Turkey had the first person-to-person infection on March 10, 2020. As of April 14, 2020, In Turkey, the 65 111 positive cases, 1,403 deaths, and 4,799-healing cases were found that numbers were changing hours by hours. All public hospitals in the world and in our country face a difficult process in this epidemic process. Cancer patients with a low immune system experience more fear and panic in this process. In this report, we aimed to present solutions for healthcare professionals, nurses, and patients working in a hospital's oncology department, chemotherapy unit."}, {"pmid": 32474947, "title": "A clinical, histopathological and laboratory study of 19 consecutive Italian paediatric patients with chilblain-like lesions: lights and shadows on the relationship with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["El Hachem, M", "Diociaiuti, A", "Concato, C", "Carsetti, R", "Carnevale, C", "Ciofi Degli Atti, M", "Giovannelli, L", "Latella, E", "Porzio, O", "Rossi, S", "Stracuzzi, A", "Zaffina, S", "Onetti Muda, A", "Zambruno, G", "Alaggio, R"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474947", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acral chilblain-like lesions are being increasingly reported during COVID-19 pandemic. However, only few patients proved positivity for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The relationship between this skin manifestation and COVID-19 infection has not been clarified yet. To thoroughly characterize a prospective group of patients with chilblain-like lesions, and to investigate the possible relationship with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Following informed consent, patients underwent: (i) clinical evaluation, (ii) RT-PCR and serology testing for SARS-CoV-2, (iii) digital videocapillaroscopy of finger- and toe-nailfolds, (iv) blood testing to screen for autoimmune diseases and coagulation anomalies, and (v) skin biopsy for histopathology, direct immunofluorescence, and, in selected cases, electron microscopy. Nineteen patients, all adolescents (mean age: 14 years), were recruited. 11/19 (58%) of them and/or their cohabitants reported flu-like symptoms one to two months prior to skin manifestation onset. Lesions were localized to toes and also heels and soles. Videocapillarcosopy showed pericapillary oedema, dilated and abnormal capillaries, and microhemorrhages both in finger and toe in the majority of patients. Major pathological findings included: epidermal basal layer vacuolation, papillary dermis oedema and erythrocyte extravasation, perivascular and perieccrine dermal lymphocytic infiltrate, and mucin deposition in the dermis and hypodermis; dermal vessel thrombi were observed in 2 cases. Blood exams were normal. Nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 and IgG serology for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein were negative. Importantly, IgA serology for S1 domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was positive in 6 patients and borderline in 3. Chilblain-like lesions during COVID-19 pandemic have specific epidemiologic, clinical, capillaroscopic and histopathological characteristics, which distinguish them from idiopathic perniosis. Though we could not formally prove SARS-CoV-2 infection in our patients, history data and the detection of anti-SARS-COV-2 IgA strongly suggest a relationship between skin lesions and COVID-19. Further investigations on the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and pathogenesis of chilblain-like lesions are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32281583, "title": "Update on use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Gao, Jianjun", "Hu, Shasha"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281583", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Drugs that are specifically efficacious against SARS-CoV-2 have yet to be established. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have garnered considerable attention for their potential to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Increasing evidence obtained from completed clinical studies indicates the prospects for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19. More randomized control clinical studies are warranted to determine the feasibility of these two drugs in treating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32474399, "pmcid": "PMC7255711", "title": "Infectivity of human coronavirus in the brain.", "journal": "EBioMedicine", "authors": ["Cheng, Qi", "Yang, Yue", "Gao, Jianqun"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474399", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new strain of human coronaviruses (hCoVs), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been identified to be responsible for the current outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Though major symptoms are primarily generated from the respiratory system, neurological symptoms are being reported in some of the confirmed cases, raising concerns of its potential for intracranial invasion and neurological manifestations, both in the acute phase and in the long-term. At present, it remains unclear the extent to which SARS-CoV-2 is present in the brain, and if so, its pathogenic role in the central nervous system (CNS). Evidence for neuroinvasion and neurovirulence of hCoVs has been recognised in animal and human studies. Given that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same family and shares characteristics in terms of receptor binding properties, it is worthwhile exploring its potential CNS manifestations. This review summarises previous findings from hCoVs in relation to the CNS, and compares these with the new strain, aiming to provide a better understanding of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the CNS."}, {"pmid": 32402058, "pmcid": "PMC7239153", "title": "COVID-19 Disaster Response Assessment.", "journal": "J Burn Care Res", "authors": ["Neumann, Claire"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402058", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292693, "pmcid": "PMC7152868", "title": "Adapting palliative radiation therapy for bone metastases during the Covid-19 pandemic: GEMO position paper.", "journal": "J Bone Oncol", "authors": ["Thureau, Sebastien", "Faivre, Jean Christophe", "Assaker, Richard", "Biver, Emmanuel", "Confavreux, Cyrille B", "Debiais, Francoise", "Duterque-Coquillaud, Martine", "Giammarile, Fransesco", "Heymann, Dominique", "Lecouvet, Frederic E", "Morardet, Laetitia", "Paycha, Frederic", "Body, Jean-Jacques", "Vieillard, Marie-Helene"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292693", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current health crisis caused by COVID-19 is a challenge for oncology treatment, especially when it comes to radiotherapy. Cancer patients are already known to be very fragile and COVID-19 brings about the risk of severe respiratory complications. In order to treat patients safely while protecting medical teams, the entire health care system must optimize the way it approaches prevention and treatment at a time when social distancing is key to stemming this pandemic. All indications and treatment modalities must be re-discussed. This is particularly the case for radiotherapy of bone metastases for which it is possible to reduce the number of sessions, the frequency of transport and the complexity of treatments. These changes will have to be discussed according to the organization of each radiotherapy department and the health situation, while medical teams must remain vigilant about the risks of complications of bone metastases, particularly spinal metastases. In this short piece, the members of the GEMO (the European Study Group of Bone Metastases) offer a number of recommendations to achieve the above objectives, both in general and in relation to five of the most common situations on radiation therapy for bone metastases."}, {"pmid": 32489928, "pmcid": "PMC7242296", "title": "Chinese Society of Interventional Radiology Expert Consensus on the prevention and control of COVID-19 in interventional radiology procedures (first edition).", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Zhu, Yueqi", "He, Yingkun", "Wang, Zhongmin", "Jin, Zhengyu", "Zheng, Chuansheng", "Sun, Gang", "Shi, Haibin", "Li, Hailiang", "Li, Xiao", "Xiang, Hua", "Lu, Ligong", "Zhou, Shi", "Li, Tianxiao", "Li, Xiaoguang", "Zhu, Haidong", "Huang, Mingsheng", "Duan, Feng", "Shao, Haibo", "An, Tianzhi", "Cheng, Yingsheng"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489928", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic seriously threatens the lives of the general public and poses momentous challenges to all medical workers, including those engaged in interventional radiology, who play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. To further standardize the prevention and control of nosocomial infections and ensure the safety of doctors and patients, the Chinese Society of Interventional Radiology (CSIR) organized multidisciplinary experts in the field of interventional radiology in China to prepare an \"Expert Consensus\" elaborating and summarizing the protective strategies and suggestions for medical workers in the field of interventional radiology when they engage in interventional diagnosis and treatment activities against the background of novel coronavirus infection control. The aim is to provide a reference for interventional procedures in hospitals and other medical institutions at all levels in China and worldwide. The key points include the following: (I) non-emergency interventional diagnosis and treatment should be suspended while work is ongoing to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19; (II) protective measures should be taken according to the appropriate level designated for COVID-19 infection prevention and control; (III) patients should take measures to protect themselves when they want to see a doctor, including accessing outpatient services online and other relevant channels of consultation."}, {"pmid": 32335173, "pmcid": "PMC7179496", "title": "How is immunosuppressive status affecting children and adults in SARS-CoV-2 infection? A systematic review.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Minotti, Chiara", "Tirelli, Francesca", "Barbieri, Elisa", "Giaquinto, Carlo", "Dona, Daniele"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335173", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection has now a global resonance. Data on how COVID-19 is affecting immunocompromised patients are however few. With our study we aimed to systematically review the current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 cases in children and adults with immunosuppression, to evaluate outcomes in this special population. A systematic review of literature was carried out to identify relevant articles, searching the EMBASE, Medline, and Google Scholar databases. Studies reporting data on pre-defined outcomes and related to immunosuppressed adults and children with SARS-CoV-2 were included. Sixteen relevant articles were identified with 110 immunosuppressed patients, mostly presenting cancer, along with transplantation and immunodeficiency. Cancer was more often associated with a more severe course, but not necessarily with a bad prognosis. Our data show that both children and adults with immunosuppression seem to have a favorable disease course, as compared to the general population. Immunosuppressed patients with COVID-19 seem to be few in relation to the overall figures, and to present a favorable outcome as compared to other comorbidities. This might be explained by a hypothetical protective role of a weaker immune response, determining a milder disease presentation and thus underdiagnosis. Nevertheless, surveillance on this special population should be encouraged."}, {"pmid": 32420930, "title": "Primum non nocere. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic course in oldest.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Cucinotta, Domenico"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420930", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dramatic outcomes of Covid-19 pandemia in Italy, in particular in the North, must be discussed. Maybe a bad strategy and lack of timely intervention togheter with concurrent social events, comorbidities of oldest persons, bed rest, inadequate nutritional support and drugs' side effects and infection of health professionals\u00a0 proved fatal for many."}, {"pmid": 32462724, "title": "Practical Guide for Pediatric Pulmonologists on Imaging Management of Pediatric Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Foust, Alexandra M", "McAdam, Alexander J", "Chu, Winnie C", "Garcia-Pena, Pilar", "Phillips, Grace S", "Plut, Domen", "Lee, Edward Y"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462724", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 is rapidly evolving with new articles on the subject daily. This flood of articles can be overwhelming for busy practicing clinicians looking for key pieces of information that can be applied in daily practice. This review article synthesizes the reported imaging findings in pediatric COVID-19 across the literature, offers imaging differential diagnostic considerations and useful radiographic features to help differentiate these entities from COVID-19, and provides recommendations for ordering imaging studies to evaluate suspected cases of pediatric COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32358227, "title": "Demystifying BCG Vaccine and COVID-19 Relationship.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Kumar, Jogender", "Meena, Jitendra"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358227", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521503, "title": "The continuum of SARS-CoV-2's neurotropism and the potential for immune-mediated neuronal injury.", "journal": "Seizure", "authors": ["Vavougios, George D"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521503", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418674, "pmcid": "PMC7141448", "title": "Integrated Infection Control Strategy to Minimize Hospital-Acquired Infection During Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among ED Health Care Workers.", "journal": "J Emerg Nurs", "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418674", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415422, "pmcid": "PMC7228433", "title": "Modeling COVID-19 and Its Impacts on U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Detention Facilities, 2020.", "journal": "J Urban Health", "authors": ["Irvine, Michael", "Coombs, Daniel", "Skarha, Julianne", "Del Pozo, Brandon", "Rich, Josiah", "Taxman, Faye", "Green, Traci C"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415422", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "U.S. Immigration and Customs\u00a0Enforcement (ICE) facilities house thousands of undocumented immigrants in environments discordant with the public health recommendations to reduce the transmission of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Using ICE detainee population data obtained from the ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) website as of March 2, 2020, we implemented a simple stochastic susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered model to estimate the rate of COVID-19 transmission within 111 ICE detention facilities and then examined impacts on regional hospital intensive care unit (ICU) capacity. Models considered three scenarios of transmission (optimistic, moderate, pessimistic) over 30-, 60-, and 90-day time horizons across a range of facility sizes. We found that 72% of individuals are expected to be infected by day 90 under the optimistic scenario (R0\u2009=\u20092.5), while nearly 100% of individuals are expected to be infected by day 90 under a more pessimistic (R0\u2009=\u20097) scenario. Although asynchronous outbreaks are more likely, day 90 estimates provide an approximation of total positive cases after all ICE facility outbreaks. We determined that, in the most optimistic scenario, coronavirus outbreaks among a minimum of 65 ICE facilities (59%) would overwhelm ICU beds within a 10-mile radius and outbreaks among a minimum of 8 ICE facilities (7%) would overwhelm local ICU beds within a 50-mile radius over a 90-day period, provided every ICU bed was made available for sick detainees. As policymakers seek to rapidly implement interventions that ensure the continued availability of life-saving medical resources across the USA, they may be overlooking the pressing need to slow the spread of COVID-19 infection in ICE's detention facilities. Preventing the rapid spread necessitates intervention measures such as granting ICE detainees widespread release from an unsafe environment by returning them to the community."}, {"pmid": 32321614, "pmcid": "PMC7198456", "title": "Respiratory protection for healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mermel, Leonard A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321614", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336927, "pmcid": "PMC7179492", "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Emergence, History, Basic and Clinical Aspects.", "journal": "Saudi J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Al-Qahtani, Ahmed A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336927", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, the world woke to a reality of a pandemic of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), elicited by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to a group of \u03b2-coronavirus. The potential to cause life-threatening respiratory failure and rapid transmission puts COVID-19 in the list of Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). In the last two decades, this is the 3rd deadliest Coronavirus pandemic, following SARS which lasted between 2002 and 2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) from 2012 till date. Globally and as of April 1st 2020, COVID-19 has affected 924,688 individuals in over 200 countries, causing 46,368 fatalities. While the SARS-CoV-2 originated in China with over 82,724 confirmed cases and more than 3000 deaths as at the time of writing this review, the rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in exponential increase in the number of cases outside of China to about 10 times the report case and death in mainland China. SARS-CoV-2 is suspected to be zoonotic in nature as genetic studies have shown sequence similarity to viruses originating from bats. Extreme precautionary measures, such as curfew, shutting of borders and quarantining of individuals suspected to be infected have been instituted with immediate effect; however, due to individuals that are asymptomatic, uncontrolled human-to-human transmission has resulted in exponential infection rate and numerous loss of lives even with this lockdown measures. This review article summarizes the developing situation surrounding the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with respect to its epidemiology, unique genomic structure, possible origins, transmission, pathogenesis, comparison with other deadly species of Coronaviruses (CoV) and emerging treatment strategies built on informed literature."}, {"pmid": 32405093, "pmcid": "PMC7219356", "title": "The role of biomarkers in diagnosis of COVID-19 - A systematic review.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Kermali, Muhammed", "Khalsa, Raveena Kaur", "Pillai, Kiran", "Ismail, Zahra", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405093", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32529517, "title": "Venous Thromboembolism in COVID-19: Towards an Ideal Approach to Thromboprophylaxis, Screening, and Treatment.", "journal": "Curr Cardiol Rep", "authors": ["Aryal, Madan Raj", "Gosain, Rohit", "Donato, Anthony", "Pathak, Ranjan", "Bhatt, Vijaya Raj", "Katel, Anjan", "Kouides, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529517", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with an increased risk of arterial and venous thromboembolic (VTE) diseases. However, there is a limited amount of data regarding the prevention and management of VTE in severe hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In this article, we review currently available clinical data, and mechanisms for COVID-associated coagulopathy, and propose algorithms for screening, prevention (including extended-duration prophylaxis), and treatment of these patients. Although these recommendations are subject to change given rapidly evolving data, we provide a framework that can guide clinicians in managing thrombotic complications in this challenging condition."}, {"pmid": 32156224, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 6 (Reporting week ending 19:00 AEDT 7 March 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156224", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is the sixth epidemiological report for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reported in Australia as at 19:00 Australian Eastern Daylight Time [AEDT] 7 March 2020. It includes data on COVID-19 cases diagnosed in Australia, the international situation and a review of current evidence."}, {"pmid": 32398804, "pmcid": "PMC7214859", "title": "Is aberrant CD8+ T cell activation by hypertension associated with cardiac injury in severe cases of COVID-19?", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Zhang, Chao", "Wang, Fu-Sheng", "Silvestre, Jean-Sebastien", "Arenzana-Seisdedos, Fernando", "Tang, Hong"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398804", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362645, "pmcid": "PMC7258758", "title": "Prudent public health intervention strategies to control the coronavirus disease 2019 transmission in India: A mathematical model-based approach.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Mandal, Sandip", "Bhatnagar, Tarun", "Arinaminpathy, Nimalan", "Agarwal, Anup", "Chowdhury, Amartya", "Murhekar, Manoj", "Gangakhedkar, Raman R", "Sarkar, Swarup"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362645", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised urgent questions about containment and mitigation, particularly in countries where the virus has not yet established human-to-human transmission. The objectives of this study were to find out if it was possible to prevent, or delay, the local outbreaks of COVID-19 through restrictions on travel from abroad and if the virus has already established in-country transmission, to what extent would its impact be mitigated through quarantine of symptomatic patients? These questions were addressed in the context of India, using simple mathematical models of infectious disease transmission. While there remained important uncertainties in the natural history of COVID-19, using hypothetical epidemic curves, some key findings were illustrated that appeared insensitive to model assumptions, as well as highlighting critical data gaps. It was assumed that symptomatic quarantine would identify and quarantine 50 per cent of symptomatic individuals within three days of developing symptoms. In an optimistic scenario of the basic reproduction number (R0) being 1.5, and asymptomatic infections lacking any infectiousness, such measures would reduce the cumulative incidence by 62 per cent. In the pessimistic scenario of R0=4, and asymptomatic infections being half as infectious as symptomatic, this projected impact falls to two per cent. Port-of-entry-based entry screening of travellers with suggestive clinical features and from COVID-19-affected countries, would achieve modest delays in the introduction of the virus into the community. Acting alone, however, such measures would be insufficient to delay the outbreak by weeks or longer. Once the virus establishes transmission within the community, quarantine of symptomatics may have a meaningful impact on disease burden. Model projections are subject to substantial uncertainty and can be further refined as more is understood about the natural history of infection of this novel virus. As a public health measure, health system and community preparedness would be critical to control any impending spread of COVID-19 in the country."}, {"pmid": 32470046, "pmcid": "PMC7259667", "title": "Pathogen reduction of SARS-CoV-2 virus in plasma and whole blood using riboflavin and UV light.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Ragan, Izabela", "Hartson, Lindsay", "Pidcoke, Heather", "Bowen, Richard", "Goodrich, Raymond"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470046", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently been identified as the causative agent for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The ability of this agent to be transmitted by blood transfusion has not been documented, although viral RNA has been detected in serum. Exposure to treatment with riboflavin and ultraviolet light (R + UV) reduces blood-borne pathogens while maintaining blood product quality. Here, we report on the efficacy of R + UV in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity when tested in human plasma and whole blood products. SARS-CoV-2 (isolate USA-WA1/2020) was used to inoculate plasma and whole blood units that then underwent treatment with riboflavin and UV light (Mirasol Pathogen Reduction Technology System, Terumo BCT, Lakewood, CO). The infectious titers of SARS-CoV-2 in the samples before and after R + UV treatment were determined by plaque assay on Vero E6 cells. Each plasma pool (n = 9) underwent R + UV treatment performed in triplicate using individual units of plasma and then repeated using individual whole blood donations (n = 3). Riboflavin and UV light reduced the infectious titer of SARS-CoV-2 below the limit of detection for plasma products at 60-100% of the recommended energy dose. At the UV light dose recommended by the manufacturer, the mean log reductions in the viral titers were \u2265 4.79 \u00b1 0.15 Logs in plasma and 3.30 \u00b1 0.26 in whole blood units. Riboflavin and UV light effectively reduced the titer of SARS-CoV-2 to the limit of detection in human plasma and by 3.30 \u00b1 0.26 on average in whole blood. Two clades of SARS-CoV-2 have been described and questions remain about whether exposure to one strain confers strong immunity to the other. Pathogen-reduced blood products may be a safer option for critically ill patients with COVID-19, particularly those in high-risk categories."}, {"pmid": 32425006, "pmcid": "PMC7203540", "title": "Efficacy of internet-based integrated intervention on depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Wei, Ning", "Huang, Bo-Chao", "Lu, Shao-Jia", "Hu, Jian-Bo", "Zhou, Xiao-Yi", "Hu, Chan-Chan", "Chen, Jing-Kai", "Huang, Jin-Wen", "Li, Shu-Guang", "Wang, Zheng", "Wang, Dan-Dan", "Xu, Yi", "Hu, Shao-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425006", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health crises, such as the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since Dec. 2019, are widely acknowledged as severe traumatic events that impose threats not only because of physical concerns but also because of the psychological distress of infected patients. We designed an internet-based integrated intervention and evaluated its efficacy on depression and anxiety symptoms in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32257730, "pmcid": "PMC7117614", "title": "COVID-19: Emergency Medicine Physician Empowered to Shape Perspectives on This Public Health Crisis.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Gaeta, Christopher", "Brennessel, Ryan"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257730", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) has sparked a remarkable public response in the United States.\u00a0The following publication\u00a0highlights the integral role that\u00a0Emergency Medicine (EM) providers are afforded as a result of the public health circumstances. By embracing the unique outlet of direct patient coordination of care, EM providers can correct public misconceptions and promote more appropriate social distancing practices to the greater community."}, {"pmid": 32220634, "pmcid": "PMC7269702", "title": "Sars-Cov-2: Underestimated damage to nervous system.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhou, Lingyan", "Zhang, Meng", "Wang, Jing", "Gao, Jing"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220634", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345655, "title": "Opioid reduction strategies are important for laparotomies during the covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Au Yong, Phui Sze Angie", "Chan, Diana Xin Hui"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345655", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417862, "title": "Preparedness for Coronavirus Disease in Hospitals of Nepal: A Nationwide Survey.", "journal": "JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc", "authors": ["Shrestha, Gentle Sunder", "Paneru, Hem Raj", "Acharya, Subhash Prasad", "Shrestha, Sanjeet Krishna", "Sigdel, Mahesh Raj", "Tiwari, Sanjeeb", "Yadav, Bharat Kumar", "Rijal, Badri", "Karki, Lochan", "Neupane, Yogesh", "Thapa, Narmaya", "Lakhey, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417862", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease pandemic has affected large number of people globally and has continued to spread. Preparedness of individual nations and the hospitals is important to effectively deal with the surge of cases. We aimed to obtain nation wide data from Nepal, about hospital preparedness for COVID-19. Online questionnaire was prepared in accordance with the Center for Disease Control recommendations to assess preparedness of hospitals for COVID-19. The questionnaire was circulated to the over 800 doctors across the nation, who are the life members of six medical societies. We obtained 131 completed responses from all seven provinces. Majority of respondents had anaesthesiology as the primary specialty. Only 52 (39.7%) participants mentioned that their hospital had policy to receive suspected or proven cases with COVID-19. Presence of isolation ward was mentioned by 83 (63.4%) respondents, with only 9 (6.9%)mentioning the presence of airborne isolation. Supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) was inadequate as per 124 (94.7%) respondents. Critical care services for COVID-19 patients were possible only in hospitals of 42 (32.1%)respondents. RT-polymerase chain reaction could be performed only in the hospital of 6 (4.6%) respondents. It is apparent that most of the hospitals are not well prepared for management of patients with COVID-19. Resource allocation and policy making should be aimed to enhance national preparedness for the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32275856, "pmcid": "PMC7141467", "title": "POCUS in COVID-19: pearls and pitfalls.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Cheung, Jonathan Chun-Hei", "Lam, Koon Ngai"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275856", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324054, "title": "Mitigating the risk of aerosol generation from power tools during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ann R Coll Surg Engl", "authors": ["Williams, M", "Blake, S", "Matthews, H"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324054", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444223, "pmcid": "PMC7172827", "title": "A Pediatric Emergency Department Protocol to Avoid Intrahospital Spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the Outbreak in Bergamo, Italy.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Nicastro, Emanuele", "Mazza, Angelo", "Gervasoni, Annalisa", "Di Giorgio, Angelo", "D'Antiga, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444223", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease affected Northern Italy, spreading from the Bergamo province to the entire country. During reorganization of our emergency department to support patients presenting with coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease, we aimed to evaluate whether children play a role in intrahospital spread of the infection."}, {"pmid": 32361458, "title": "Sunlight exposure increased Covid-19 recovery rates: A study in the central pandemic area of Indonesia.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Asyary, Al", "Veruswati, Meita"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361458", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to present the correlation between sunlight exposure and Covid-19 statuses in Jakarta, Indonesia. The secondary data analysis was derived from surveillance data for Covid-19 from government authorities, including the Ministry of Health, the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency, and the local government of Jakarta. Three statuses related to Covid-19 were examined in the study: incidence, death, and recovered. Meanwhile, sunlight exposure was presented as daily duration of it. Only the number of recovered patients correlated significantly with sunlight exposure (p-value\u00a0=\u00a0.025; r\u00a0=\u00a00.350). This study's findings showed that sunlight exposure was associated with recovery from Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32389847, "pmcid": "PMC7204665", "title": "Urgent need for evaluating agonists of angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis for treating patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shete, Ashwini"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389847", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "ACE2 is a receptor of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells, and its upregulation has been implicated in increasing susceptibility of individuals to this infection. The clinical picture of COVID-19 suggests a role of ACE2 blockade, rather than its overexpression, in causing the pathogenesis. ACE2 blockade results in increased angiotensin II activity with simultaneous hampering of functions of angiotensin-(1-7)/MasR axis. Acute respiratory distress due to interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, cardiomyopathy and shock reported in COVID-19 patients can be explained by imbalanced angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) activities. Failure of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers to control the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections indicates the importance of simultaneous induction of angiotensin-(1-7)/MasR axis for correcting pathological conditions in COVID-19 through its anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and cardioprotective roles. MasR agonists have also shown organ protective effects in a number of animal studies. Unfortunately, these agonists have not been tested in clinical studies. Their evaluation in seriously ill COVID-19 patients is urgently warranted to reduce mortality due to infection."}, {"pmid": 32259127, "pmcid": "PMC7114715", "title": "Daily Situation Report on Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran; March 25, 2020.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259127", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After detection of the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Iran, the National Committee on COVID-19 Epidemiology in Ministry of Health and Medical Education was established. This Committee is official source of gathering, analyzing, and reporting the COVID-19 data in Iran. The data of all sources in the country including, medical care monitoring center (MCMC), Hospitals' Information Systems (HIS), Laboratory portal, the data of the center for communicable disease control (MOH), as well as the data from community health centers are integrated and used in this regards. This factsheet contain daily situation report on coronavirus disease (covid-19) in Iran; March 25, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32350543, "pmcid": "PMC7189831", "title": "[COVID-19 pandemic: structured expansion of ventilation capacities using home respirators].", "journal": "Anaesthesist", "authors": ["Summ, O", "Schute, J", "Byhahn, C", "Kahle, T", "Herrmann, M", "Schulte, C", "Bergold, M N", "Gross, M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350543", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic there is a\u00a0need for a\u00a0rapid increase in intensive care and ventilation capacities. Delivery times for additional intensive care respirators are currently not foreseeable. An option to increase ventilation capacities not only for COVID-19, but for all patients requiring mechanical ventilation is to use home respirators. Home respirators are turbine respirators, so they can usually be operated without high-pressure oxygen connections and can therefore also be used in areas outside the classical intensive care medical infrastructure. Due to their limited technical features, home respirators are not suitable for the treatment of severely affected patients but can be used for weaning after respiratory improvement, which means that intensive care respirators are available again more quickly. Respiratory therapists are specially trained nurses or therapists in the field of out of hospital ventilation and can independently use home ventilation respirators, for example for weaning in the intensive care unit. Thus, they relieve intensive care nursing staff in the pandemic. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic medical students from the Oldenburg University are currently being trained in operating home respirators to provide basic support in the hospital if necessary."}, {"pmid": 32360416, "pmcid": "PMC7189853", "title": "The curious case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Gupta, Shreya", "Malhotra, Nipun", "Gupta, Nitesh", "Agrawal, Sumita", "Ish, Pranav"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360416", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229646, "title": "Staff Mental Health Self-Assessment During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "East Asian Arch Psychiatry", "authors": ["Chung, J P Y", "Yeung, W S"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229646", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407884, "pmcid": "PMC7214283", "title": "QT Interval Prolongation and Torsade De Pointes in Patients with COVID-19 treated with Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Chorin, Ehud", "Wadhwani, Lalit", "Magnani, Silvia", "Dai, Matthew", "Shulman, Eric", "Nadeau-Routhier, Charles", "Knotts, Robert", "Bar-Cohen, Roi", "Kogan, Edward", "Barbhaiya, Chirag", "Aizer, Anthony", "Holmes, Douglas", "Bernstein, Scott", "Spinelli, Michael", "Park, David S", "Stefano, Carugo", "Chinitz, Larry A", "Jankelson, Lior"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407884", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is no known effective therapy for patients with COVID-19. Initial reports suggesting the potential benefit of Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin (HY/AZ) have resulted in massive adoption of this combination worldwide. However, while the true efficacy of this regimen is unknown, initial reports have raised concerns regarding the potential risk of QT prolongation and induction of torsade de pointes (TdP). to assess the change in QTc interval and arrhythmic events in patients with COVID-19 treated with HY/AZ METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 251 patients from two centers, diagnosed with COVID-19 and treated with HY/AZ. We reviewed ECG tracings from baseline and until 3 days after completion of therapy to determine the progression of QTc and incidence of arrhythmia and mortality. QTc prolonged in parallel with increasing drug exposure and incompletely shortened after its completion. Extreme new QTc prolongation to > 500 ms, a known marker of high risk for TdP had developed in 23% of patients. One patient developed polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) suspected as TdP, requiring emergent cardioversion. Seven patients required premature termination of therapy. The baseline QTc of patients exhibiting extreme QTc prolongation was normal. The combination of HY/AZ significantly prolongs the QTc in patients with COVID-19. This prolongation may be responsible for life threating arrhythmia in the form of TdP. This risk mandates careful consideration of HY/AZ therapy in lights of its unproven efficacy. Strict QTc monitoring should be performed if the regimen is given."}, {"pmid": 32382755, "pmcid": "PMC7239262", "title": "Association of higher body mass index (BMI) with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in younger patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ong, Sean Wei Xiang", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Leo, Yee-Sin", "Lye, David Chien"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382755", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304343, "pmcid": "PMC7264680", "title": "Bilirubin levels in patients with mild and severe Covid-19: A pooled analysis.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Paliogiannis, Panagiotis", "Zinellu, Angelo"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304343", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359842, "pmcid": "PMC7194607", "title": "Academic Ophthalmology during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Wong, Tien Yin", "Bandello, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359842", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389411, "pmcid": "PMC7195598", "title": "Business Unusual: COVID-19 Ramifications for Arthroplasty.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Wellman, Samuel", "Moskal, Joseph", "Barnes, C Lowry", "Parvizi, Javad"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389411", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240633, "pmcid": "PMC7156221", "title": "Likelihood of survival of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ruan, Shigui"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240633", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362732, "pmcid": "PMC7195368", "title": "Joint Guidance from SGEI, ISG and INASL for Gastroenterologists and Gastrointestinal Endoscopists on the Prevention, Care, and Management of Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Exp Hepatol", "authors": ["Philip, Mathew", "Lakhtakia, Sundeep", "Aggarwal, Rakesh", "Madan, Kaushal", "Saraswat, Vivek", "Makharia, Govind"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362732", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started in December 2019 in China, has resulted in a pandemic leading to significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. Although it mainly causes respiratory symptoms, respiratory failure and death due to multiorgan failure, there is evolving evidence to suggest gastrointestinal (GI) and liver involvement by this virus. Owing to this, health-care professionals taking care of GI and liver diseases are also at an increased risk of getting exposed. Hence, there is a need for protocols to be prepared to guide the handling of COVID-19 patients by the GI and liver specialists, as well as to manage the pre-existing GI and liver diseases during the ongoing pandemic. We present here the guidelines prepared jointly by the three Indian professional bodies in the field of GI diseases, namely the Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India, Indian Society of Gastroenterology, and Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver."}, {"pmid": 32275075, "pmcid": "PMC7262193", "title": "Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients dying from COVID-19 in Italy vs China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Mattiuzzi, Camilla", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian", "Henry, Brandon M"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275075", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344315, "pmcid": "PMC7195028", "title": "N-acetyl-cysteine may prevent COVID-19-associated cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Assimakopoulos, Stelios F", "Marangos, Markos"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344315", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32086236, "title": "Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The importance of recognising possible early ocular manifestation and using protective eyewear.", "journal": "Br J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Li, Ji-Peng Olivia", "Lam, Dennis Shun Chiu", "Chen, Youxin", "Ting, Daniel Shu Wei"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32086236", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339474, "pmcid": "PMC7182520", "title": "Determining risk factors for mortality in liver transplant patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Webb, Gwilym J", "Moon, Andrew M", "Barnes, Eleanor", "Barritt, A Sidney", "Marjot, Thomas"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339474", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308217, "pmcid": "PMC7144703", "title": "MSMA Recommends \"Shelter-In-Place\" to Missouri Governor to Curb COVID-19.", "journal": "Mo Med", "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308217", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344321, "pmcid": "PMC7194648", "title": "Prognostic value of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Fang", "Li, Lin", "Xu, MengDa", "Wu, Juan", "Luo, Ding", "Zhu, YuSi", "Li, BiXi", "Song, XiaoYang", "Zhou, Xiang"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344321", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The inflammatory response plays a critical role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and inflammatory cytokine storm increases the severity of COVID-19. To investigate the ability of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) to predict mild and severe cases of COVID-19. This retrospective cohort study included 140 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from January 18, 2020, to March 12, 2020. The study population was divided into two groups according to disease severity: a mild group (MG) (n\u2009=\u2009107) and a severe group (SG) (n\u2009=\u200933). Data on demographic characteristics, baseline clinical characteristics, and the levels of IL-6, CRP, and PCT on admission were collected. Among the 140 patients, the levels of IL-6, CRP, and PCT increased in 95 (67.9 %), 91 (65.0 %), and 8 (5.7 %) patients on admission, respectively. The proportion of patients with increased IL-6, CRP, and PCT levels was significantly higher in the SG than in the MG. Cox proportional hazard model showed that IL-6 and CRP could be used as independent factors to predict the severity of COVID-19. Furthermore, patients with IL-6\u2009>\u200932.1\u2009pg/mL or CRP\u2009>\u200941.8\u2009mg/L were more likely to have severe complications. The serum levels of IL-6 and CRP can effectively assess disease severity and predict outcome in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32447087, "pmcid": "PMC7207132", "title": "Exposure to greenspaces could reduce the high global burden of pain.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Stanhope, Jessica", "Breed, Martin F", "Weinstein, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447087", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Painful conditions are among the leading causes of years lived with disability, and may increase following the coronavirus pandemic, which has led to temporary closure of some healthcare services for people with chronic pain. To reduce this burden, novel, cost-effective and accessible interventions are required. We propose that greenspace exposure may be one such intervention. Drawing on evidence from neuroscience, physiology, microbiology, and psychology, we articulate how and why exposure to greenspaces could improve pain outcomes and reduce the high global burden of pain. Greenspace exposure potentially provides opportunities to benefit from known or proposed health-enhancing components of nature, such as environmental microbiomes, phytoncides, negative air ions, sunlight, and the sights and sounds of nature itself. We review the established and potential links between these specific exposures and pain outcomes. While further research is required to determine possible causal links between greenspace exposure and pain outcomes, we suggest that there is already sufficient evidence to help reduce the global burden of pain by improving access and exposure to quality greenspaces."}, {"pmid": 32519793, "title": "Heart failure related hospitalisation and management during COVID-19 pandemic: are we ready to reflect?", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Nazir, Tahir"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519793", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313181, "pmcid": "PMC7167532", "title": "Lessons after the early management of the COVID-19 outbreak in a pediatric transplant and hemato-oncology center embedded within a COVID-19 dedicated hospital in Lombardia, Italy. Estote parati.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Balduzzi, Adriana", "Brivio, Erica", "Rovelli, Attilio", "Rizzari, Carmelo", "Gasperini, Serena", "Melzi, Maria Luisa", "Conter, Valentino", "Biondi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313181", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is the second exposed country worldwide, after China, and Lombardia is the most affected region in Italy, with more than half of the national cases, with 13% of whom being healthcare professionals. The Clinica Pediatrica Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Bicocca is a general pediatric and hematology oncology and transplant center embedded within the designated COVID-19 general Hospital San Gerardo in Monza, located in Lombardia, Italy. Preventive and control measures specifically undertaken to cope with the emergency within hemato-oncology, transplant, and outpatient unit in the pediatric department have been described. Preliminary COVID-19 experiences with the first Italian pediatric hemato-oncology patients are reported. The few available data regarding pediatrics and specifically hemato-oncological patients are discussed. The purpose of this report is to share pediatric hemato-oncology issues encountered in the first few weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy and to alert healthcare professionals worldwide to be prepared accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32362650, "title": "Genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 strains among Indians returning from Italy, Iran & China, & Italian tourists in India.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Potdar, Varsha", "Cherian, Sarah S", "Deshpande, Gururaj Rao", "Ullas, Padinjaremattathil Thankappan", "Yadav, Pragya D", "Choudhary, Manohar Lal", "Gughe, Rohan", "Vipat, Veena", "Jadhav, Sheetal", "Patil, Savita", "Nyayanit, Dimpal", "Majumdar, Triparna", "Walimbe, Atul", "Gaikwad, Shivshankar", "Dighe, Hitesh", "Shete-Aich, Anita", "Mohandas, Sreelekshmy", "Chowdhury, Deepika", "Sapkal, Gajanan", "Basu, Atanu", "Gupta, Nivedita", "Gangakhedkar, Raman R", "Giri, Sidhartha", "Dar, Lalit", "Jain, Amita", "Malhotra, Bharati", "Abraham, Priya"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362650", "countries": ["India", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207910, "title": "Novel 2019 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): An updated overview for emergency clinicians", "journal": "Emerg Med Pract", "authors": ["Giwa, A L", "Desai, Akash", "Duca, Andrea"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207910", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has quickly become a worldwide threat to health, travel, and commerce. This overview analyzes the best information from the early research, including epidemiologic and demographic features from SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV viruses; lessons learned from the experience of an emergency physician in Northern Italy, where the outbreak has devastated the healthcare system; evidence on transmission and prevention through safe use of PPE; evidence and advice on SARS-CoV-2 testing and co-infection; management options; airway management options; steps for rapid sequence intubation in the ED and managing disaster ventilation; and  information on managing pediatric and pregnant patients."}, {"pmid": 32426953, "title": "Telehealth visits in a tertiary cardiovascular centre as a response of the healthcare system to the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Swierad, Marcin", "Dyrbus, Krzysztof", "Szkodzinski, Janusz", "Zembala, Michal O", "Kalarus, Zbigniew", "Gasior, Mariusz"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426953", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32035997, "pmcid": "PMC7132493", "title": "Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Kampf, G", "Todt, D", "Pfaender, S", "Steinmann, E"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035997", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the emergence of a novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has become a global health concern causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans. Human-to-human transmissions have been described with incubation times between 2-10 days, facilitating its spread via droplets, contaminated hands or surfaces. We therefore reviewed the literature on all available information about the persistence of human and veterinary coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces as well as inactivation strategies with biocidal agents used for chemical disinfection, e.g. in healthcare facilities. The analysis of 22 studies reveals that human coronaviruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus or endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV) can persist on inanimate surfaces like metal, glass or plastic for up to 9 days, but can be efficiently inactivated by surface disinfection procedures with 62-71% ethanol, 0.5% hydrogen peroxide or 0.1% sodium hypochlorite within 1 minute. Other biocidal agents such as 0.05-0.2% benzalkonium chloride or 0.02% chlorhexidine digluconate are less effective. As no specific therapies are available for SARS-CoV-2, early containment and prevention of further spread will be crucial to stop the ongoing outbreak and to control this novel infectious thread."}, {"pmid": 32283215, "pmcid": "PMC7151360", "title": "False negative rate of COVID-19 is eliminated by using nasal swab test.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xie, Chaojun", "Lu, Jianyun", "Wu, Di", "Zhang, Lin", "Zhao, Hongjun", "Rao, Boqi", "Yang, Zhicong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283215", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32119884, "pmcid": "PMC7127394", "title": "Novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19): The first two patients in the UK with person to person transmission.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Lillie, Patrick J", "Samson, Anda", "Li, Ang", "Adams, Kate", "Capstick, Richard", "Barlow, Gavin D", "Easom, Nicholas", "Hamilton, Eve", "Moss, Peter J", "Evans, Adam", "Ivan, Monica", "Phe Incident Team", "Taha, Yusri", "Duncan, Christopher J A", "Schmid, Matthias L", "The Airborne Hcid Network"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119884", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360978, "title": "Preliminary observations of anaesthesia ventilators use for prolonged mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Gouel-Cheron, Aurelie", "Couffignal, Camille", "Elmaleh, Yoann", "Kantor, Elie", "Montravers, Philippe"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360978", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458098, "pmcid": "PMC7248188", "title": "FFP3, FFP2, N95, surgical masks and respirators: what should we be wearing for ophthalmic surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Li, Kenneth K W", "Joussen, Antonia M", "Kwan, Joseph K C", "Steel, David H W"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458098", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389132, "pmcid": "PMC7239771", "title": "Pharynx gargle samples are suitable for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic use and save personal protective equipment and swabs.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Malecki, Monika", "Lusebrink, Jessica", "Teves, Stefanie", "Wendel, Andreas F"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389132", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295237, "pmcid": "PMC7232184", "title": "Molecular Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins and Their Interactions with Antiviral Drugs.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Calligari, Paolo", "Bobone, Sara", "Ricci, Giorgio", "Bocedi, Alessio"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295237", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new Coronavirus strain, named SARS-CoV-2, suddenly emerged in early December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 resulted in being dramatically infectious, with thousands of people infected. In this scenario, and without effective vaccines available, the importance of an immediate tool to support patients and against viral diffusion becomes evident. In this study, we exploit the molecular docking approach to analyze the affinity between different viral proteins and several inhibitors, originally developed for other viral infections. Our data show that, in some cases, a relevant binding can be detected. These findings support the hypothesis to develop new antiviral agents against COVID-19, on the basis of already established therapies."}, {"pmid": 32414678, "pmcid": "PMC7196383", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on maxillofacial surgery practice: a worldwide survey.", "journal": "Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Maffia, F", "Fontanari, M", "Vellone, V", "Cascone, P", "Mercuri, L G"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414678", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly changing our habits. To date, April 12, 2020, the virus has reached 209 nations, affecting 1.8 million people and causing more than 110,000 deaths. Maxillofacial surgery represents an example of a specialty that has had to adapt to this outbreak, because of the subspecialties of oncology and traumatology. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of this outbreak on the specialty of maxillofacial surgery and how the current situation is being managed on a worldwide scale. To achieve this goal, the authors developed an anonymous questionnaire which was posted on the internet and also sent to maxillofacial surgeons around the globe using membership lists from various subspecialty associations. The questionnaire asked for information about the COVID-19 situation in the respondent's country and in their workplace, and what changes they were facing in their practices in light of the outbreak. The objective was not only to collect and analyse data, but also to highlight what the specialty is facing and how it is handling the situation, in the hope that this information will be useful as a reference in the future, not only for this specialty, but also for others, should COVID-19 or a similar global threat arise again."}, {"pmid": 32199792, "pmcid": "PMC7102664", "title": "The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-An emerging global health threat.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Arshad Ali, Shajeea", "Baloch, Mariam", "Ahmed, Naseem", "Arshad Ali, Asadullah", "Iqbal, Ayman"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199792", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) causing novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (NCIP), has affected the lives of 71,429 people globally. Originating in China, the disease has a rapid progression to other countries. Research suggests remarkable genomic resemblance of 2019-nCoV with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) which has a history of a pandemic in 2002. With evidence of nosocomial spread, a number of diligent measures are being employed to constrain its propagation. Hence, the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) has been established by the World Health Organization (WHO) with strategic objectives for public health to curtail its impact on global health and economy."}, {"pmid": 32347602, "pmcid": "PMC7267639", "title": "Should we try the antiinflammatory natural product, celastrol, for COVID-19?", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Habtemariam, Solomon", "Nabavi, Seyed Fazel", "Berindan-Neagoe, Ioana", "Cismaru, Cosmin Andrei", "Izadi, Morteza", "Sureda, Antoni", "Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347602", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387508, "pmcid": "PMC7202824", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Detected in Cerebrospinal Fluid by PCR in a Case of COVID-19 Encephalitis.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Huang, Y Hanna", "Jiang, Daniel", "Huang, Jong T"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387508", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322805, "pmcid": "PMC7174187", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic expanding in sub-Saharan Africa: Considerations for COVID-19 in people living with HIV.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Drain, Paul K", "Garrett, Nigel"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322805", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32252092, "title": "Web Exclusive. Annals Graphic Medicine - Morning Thoughts on Day 7 of COVID-19 Social Isolation.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Siegel, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252092", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[Figure: see text]."}, {"pmid": 32303733, "title": "How research funders are tackling coronavirus disruption.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Stoye, Emma"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303733", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298769, "pmcid": "PMC7194911", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic will have a long-lasting impact on the quality of cirrhosis care.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Tapper, Elliot B", "Asrani, Sumeet K"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298769", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shattered the meticulously developed processes by which we delivered quality care for patients with cirrhosis. Care has been transformed by the crisis, but enduring lessons have been learned. In this article, we review how COVID-19 will impact cirrhosis care. We describe how this impact unfolds over 3 waves; i) an intense period with prioritized high-acuity care with delayed elective procedures and routine care during physical distancing, ii) a challenging 'return to normal' following the end of physical distancing, with increased emergent decompensations, morbidity, and systems of care overwhelmed by the backlog of deferred care, and iii) a protracted period of suboptimal outcomes characterized by missed diagnoses, progressive disease and loss to follow-up. We outline the concrete steps required to preserve the quality of care provided to patients with cirrhosis. This includes an intensification of the preventative care provided to patients with compensated cirrhosis, proactive chronic disease management, robust telehealth programs, and a reorganization of care delivery to provide a full service of care with flexible clinical staffing. Managing the pandemic of a serious chronic disease in the midst of a global infectious pandemic is challenging. It is incumbent upon the entire healthcare establishment to be strong enough to weather the storm. Change is needed."}, {"pmid": 32525082, "title": "Using telehealth for hospice reauthorization visits: results of a quality improvement analysis.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Moore, Susan L", "Portz, Jennifer Dickman", "Santodomingo, Melodie", "Elsbernd, Kira", "McHale, Michael", "Massone, John"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525082", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasing hospice need, a growing shortage of hospice providers, and concerns about in-person services due to COVID-19 require hospices to innovate care delivery. This project compared outcomes between hospice reauthorization visits conducted via telehealth and in-person. After each visit, providers, patients and caregivers completed telehealth acceptance surveys, and providers recorded reauthorization recommendations. Providers conducted 88 concurrent in-person and telehealth visits between June and November, 2019. No statistically significant differences in reauthorization recommendations were found between telehealth and in-person visits. Satisfaction with telehealth was high; 88% of patients/caregivers and 78% of providers found telehealth services as effective as in-person visits. Results indicate that telehealth can successfully support clinical decision making for hospice reauthorization. These findings show telehealth to be reliable and acceptable for certain types of hospice care even prior to COVID-19, which emphasizes its importance both during and after the current public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32518463, "pmcid": "PMC7269698", "title": "Beyond the science of covid-19.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Adam, David"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518463", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Models of the new coronavirus's spread are imperfect, so factors other than the science play an important role too, says David Adam."}, {"pmid": 32452804, "title": "Using Reports of Symptoms and Diagnoses on Social Media to Predict COVID-19 Case Counts in Mainland China: Observational Infoveillance Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Shen, Cuihua", "Chen, Anfan", "Luo, Chen", "Zhang, Jingwen", "Feng, Bo", "Liao, Wang"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452804", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected more than 200 countries and territories worldwide. This disease poses an extraordinary challenge for public health systems because screening and surveillance capacity is often severely limited, especially during the beginning of the outbreak; this can fuel the outbreak, as many patients can unknowingly infect other people. The aim of this study was to collect and analyze posts related to COVID-19 on Weibo, a popular Twitter-like social media site in China. To our knowledge, this infoveillance study employs the largest, most comprehensive, and most fine-grained social media data to date to predict COVID-19 case counts in mainland China. We built a Weibo user pool of 250 million people, approximately half the entire monthly active Weibo user population. Using a comprehensive list of 167 keywords, we retrieved and analyzed around 15 million COVID-19-related posts from our user pool from November 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020. We developed a machine learning classifier to identify \"sick posts,\" in which users report their own or other people's symptoms and diagnoses related to COVID-19. Using officially reported case counts as the outcome, we then estimated the Granger causality of sick posts and other COVID-19 posts on daily case counts. For a subset of geotagged posts (3.10% of all retrieved posts), we also ran separate predictive models for Hubei province, the epicenter of the initial outbreak, and the rest of mainland China. We found that reports of symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19 significantly predicted daily case counts up to 14 days ahead of official statistics, whereas other COVID-19 posts did not have similar predictive power. For the subset of geotagged posts, we found that the predictive pattern held true for both Hubei province and the rest of mainland China regardless of the unequal distribution of health care resources and the outbreak timeline. Public social media data can be usefully harnessed to predict infection cases and inform timely responses. Researchers and disease control agencies should pay close attention to the social media infosphere regarding COVID-19. In addition to monitoring overall search and posting activities, leveraging machine learning approaches and theoretical understanding of information sharing behaviors is a promising approach to identify true disease signals and improve the effectiveness of infoveillance."}, {"pmid": 32510975, "title": "Thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19: Anti-FXa - The Missing Factor?", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Dutt, Tina", "Simcox, David", "Downey, Colin", "McLenaghan, Daniella", "King, Charlotte", "Gautam, Manish", "Lane, Steven", "Burhan, Hassan"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510975", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386843, "pmcid": "PMC7186193", "title": "Coronavirus Lockdown: Forced Inactivity for the Oldest Old?", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Valenzuela, Pedro L", "Santos-Lozano, Alejandro", "Lista, Simone", "Serra-Rexach, Jose A", "Emanuele, Enzo", "Lucia, Alejandro"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386843", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470151, "title": "The perplexing question of trained immunity versus adaptive memory in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kerboua, Kheir Eddine"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470151", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The wide spectrum of symptoms observed in COVID-19 appears to defy explanation. Apart from geographic limitation to people with prior exposure to other coronaviruses and air pollutants, inflammatory comordidities and older ages are also among the main factors of susceptibility to severe illness. The unusual epidemiological data pointed out in children and African territories have revealed new insights in host-pathogen interplay with more focus on epigenetic regulation of cognitive compartments belonging to innate immunity. Should trained immunity be proven to be involved in timely immune responsiveness against SARS-CoV-2 and that adaptive memory could be detrimental, both treatment regimens and vaccine design will tremendously change accordingly with more focus on upper respiratory tissue innate immunity to subdue this threat underway. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32400388, "title": "Sleep disparities in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the urgent need to address social determinants of health like the virus of racism.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Jackson, Chandra L", "Johnson, Dayna A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400388", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312575, "pmcid": "PMC7141705", "title": "Chest CT in patients suspected of COVID-19 infection: A reliable alternative for RT-PCR.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Majidi, Hadi", "Niksolat, Fatemeh"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312575", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283282, "pmcid": "PMC7194935", "title": "Community quarantine strategy against coronavirus disease 2019 in Anhui: An evaluation based on trauma center patients.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhu, Wanbo", "Li, Xinyuan", "Wu, Yanning", "Xu, Changqing", "Li, Li", "Yang, Jiazhao", "Fang, Shiyuan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283282", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of our study was to introduce community quarantine strategy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Anhui and evaluate the effectiveness of community quarantine based on trauma center (TC) patients. The structure of community quarantine strategy was illustrated. Distribution of injuries among patients in two TCs between January 24, 2020 and February 24, 2020 was described. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between the distribution of Injuries in TCs and the number of COVID-19-associated cases. A total of 757 TC patients in the two hospitals were enrolled. The number of traffic injuries and outdoor injuries showed a significant decrease in the early stage and began to increase on February 17. The number of indoor injuries neither decreased nor increased. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between COVID-19-associated cases and traffic and outdoor injuries. From the perspective of the injuries in TCs, community quarantine strategy was effectively implemented and significantly slowed the outbreak of COVID-19 in Anhui. However, the implementation and maintenance of the strategy is costly and requires the participation of the entire population."}, {"pmid": 32433451, "title": "Lymphopenia and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Among Hospitalized Obstetric Patients.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Duffy, Cassandra R", "Hart, Jessica M", "Modest, Anna M", "Hacker, Michele R", "Golen, Toni", "Li, Yunping", "Zera, Chloe", "Shainker, Scott A", "Mehrotra, Preeti", "Zash, Rebecca", "Wylie, Blair J"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433451", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232652, "pmcid": "PMC7104422", "title": "Clinical and Transmission Characteristics of Covid-19 - A Retrospective Study of 25 Cases from a Single Thoracic Surgery Department.", "journal": "Curr Med Sci", "authors": ["Li, Yang-Kai", "Peng, Shu", "Li, Le-Qun", "Wang, Qi", "Ping, Wei", "Zhang, Ni", "Fu, Xiang-Ning"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232652", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19) imposes a major challenge in managing patients undergoing surgical operation. In this study, we analyzed clinical and transmission features of 25 cases of Covid-19 from a single thoracic department, including 13 patients and 12 health care staff. There were 13 males and 12 females. The median age of the patients was 61 (range: 51 to 69) years. The median age of the health care staff was 35 (range: 22 to 51) years. By the end of follow-up date (Mar. 3, 2020), there were 16 non-severe cases (64%) and 9 severe cases (36%), 5 cases were dead (20%). Nineteen (76%) of the infected cases were confirmed by SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test, the rest were clinically diagnosed as suspected Covid-19 cases, and 19 (76%) of the infected cases had positive exposure history. We found that COPD was significantly associated with severity and death (P=0.040, and P=0.038, respectively), and chest operation was significantly associated with death for Covid-19 patients (P=0.039). A potential \"super spreader\" may be the source of the transmission before the implementation of quarantine and comprehensive protection. It was concluded that Covid-19 is associated with poor prognosis for patients undergoing thoracic operation, especially for those with COPD. Implementation of comprehensive protective measures is important to control nosocomial infection."}, {"pmid": 32171074, "pmcid": "PMC7270177", "title": "Comorbidities and multi-organ injuries in the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wang, Tianbing", "Du, Zhe", "Zhu, Fengxue", "Cao, Zhaolong", "An, Youzhong", "Gao, Yan", "Jiang, Baoguo"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171074", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247261, "pmcid": "PMC7271098", "title": "Rethinking online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Yao, Hao", "Chen, Jian-Hua", "Xu, Yi-Feng"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247261", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418549, "title": "Epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Wei, Maoti", "Yang, Ning", "Wang, Fenghua", "Zhao, Guoping", "Gao, Hongwei", "Li, Yuming"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418549", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December, 2019, an infection outbreak occurred in Wuhan of unknown cause, which attracts intense attention. Shortly after the virus was identified with the name of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out and an information storm occurred. At that time, two important aspects: the stage and the links of epidemic, were unclear. Answers to the questions, what are the sources, how do infections occur, and who will be affected should be clarified as the outbreak continues to evolve. Furthermore, the epidemic process and the stage of epidemic should be explored and discussed. Based on information of SARS, middle east respiratory syndrome(MERS) and COVID-19, the links of epidemic (the sources, the routes of infection, and the susceptible population) will be discussed as well as the role of the natural and the social factors. Epidemiology characteristics of patients will be traced based on current information."}, {"pmid": 32530326, "title": "Does coronavirus affect the audio-vestibular system? A rapid systematic review.", "journal": "Int J Audiol", "authors": ["Almufarrij, Ibrahim", "Uus, Kai", "Munro, Kevin J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530326", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: This rapid systematic review investigated audio-vestibular symptoms associated with coronavirus.Design: The protocol for the rapid review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews and the review methods were developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the National Institute of Heath quality assessment tools.Study sample: After rejecting more than 2300 records, there were five case reports and two cross-sectional studies that met the inclusion criteria.Results: No records of audio-vestibular symptoms were reported with the earlier types of coronavirus (i.e. severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS] and Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS]). Reports of hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo have rarely been reported in individuals who tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2.Conclusion: Reports of audio-vestibular symptoms in confirmed COVID-19 cases are few, with mostly minor symptoms, and the studies are of poor quality. Emphasis over time is likely to shift from life-threatening concerns to longer-term health-related consequences such as audio-vestibular dysfunction. High-quality studies are needed to investigate the acute effects of COVID-19, as well as for understanding long-term risks, on the audio-vestibular system. Review registration: Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number CRD42020184932)."}, {"pmid": 32236295, "title": "The surgeons and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Col Bras Cir", "authors": ["Correia, M Isabel T D", "Ramos, Rodrigo Felippe", "Bahten, Luiz Carlos Von"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current world Covid-19 pandemic has been the most discussed topic in the media and scientific journals. Fear, uncertainty, and lack of knowledge about the disease may be the significant factors that justify such reality. It has been known that the disease presents with a rapidly spreading, it is significantly more severe among the elderly, and it has a substantial global socioeconomic impact. Besides the challenges associated with the unknown, there are other factors, such as the deluge of information. In this regard, the high number of scientific publications, encompassing in vitro, case studies, observational and randomized clinical studies, and even systematic reviews add up to the uncertainty. Such a situation is even worse when considering that most healthcare professionals lack adequate knowledge to critically appraise the scientific method, something that has been previously addressed by some authors. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that expert societies supported by data provided by the World Health Organization and the National Health Department take the lead in spreading trustworthy and reliable information. The Brazilian College of Surgeons suggests in this document various initiatives that may help surgeons, healthcare providers, and patients who will have to face a surgical event under the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32397940, "pmcid": "PMC7256349", "title": "Identification of bioactive molecules from tea plant as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Bhardwaj, Vijay Kumar", "Singh, Rahul", "Sharma, Jatin", "Rajendran, Vidya", "Purohit, Rituraj", "Kumar, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397940", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 pandemic that is causing a global health emergency. The lack of targeted therapeutics and limited treatment options have triggered the scientific community to develop new vaccines or small molecule therapeutics against various targets of SARS-CoV-2. The main protease (Mpro) is a well characterized and attractive drug target because of its crucial role in processing of the polyproteins which are required for viral replication. In order to provide potential lead molecules against the Mpro for clinical use, we docked a set of 65 bioactive molecules of Tea plant followed by exploration of the vast conformational space of protein-ligand complexes by long term molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (1.50\u2009\u00b5s). Top three bioactive molecules (Oolonghomobisflavan-A, Theasinensin-D, and Theaflavin-3-O-gallate) were selected by comparing their docking scores with repurposed drugs (Atazanavir, Darunavir, and Lopinavir) against SARS-CoV-2. Oolonghomobisflavan-A molecule showed a good number of hydrogen bonds with Mpro and higher MM-PBSA binding energy when compared to all three repurposed drug molecules. during the time of simulation. This study showed Oolonghomobisflavan-A as a potential bioactive molecule to act as an inhibitor for the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. [Formula: see text]Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32175437, "pmcid": "PMC7048972", "title": "The role of CT for Covid-19 patient's management remains poorly defined.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Wang, Yi Xiang J", "Liu, Wei-Hong", "Yang, Mo", "Chen, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175437", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502509, "pmcid": "PMC7264926", "title": "The association between severe or death COVID-19 and autoimmune disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Ming", "Gao, Ya", "Zhang, Yuejun", "Shi, Shuzhen", "Chen, Yamin", "Tian, Jinhui"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502509", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397286, "title": "Using Early Data to Estimate the Actual Infection Fatality Ratio from COVID-19 in France.", "journal": "Biology (Basel)", "authors": ["Roques, Lionel", "Klein, Etienne K", "Papaix, Julien", "Sar, Antoine", "Soubeyrand, Samuel"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397286", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom", "France"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of screening tests carried out in France and the methodology used to target the patients tested do not allow for a direct computation of the actual number of cases and the infection fatality ratio (IFR). The main objective of this work is to estimate the actual number of people infected with COVID-19 and to deduce the IFR during the observation window in France. We develop a `mechanistic-statistical' approach coupling a SIR epidemiological model describing the unobserved epidemiological dynamics, a probabilistic model describing the data acquisition process and a statistical inference method. The actual number of infected cases in France is probably higher than the observations: we find here a factor \u00d78 (95%-CI: 5-12) which leads to an IFR in France of 0.5% (95%-CI: 0.3-0.8) based on hospital death counting data. Adjusting for the number of deaths in nursing homes, we obtain an IFR of 0.8% (95%-CI: 0.45-1.25). This IFR is consistent with previous findings in China (0.66%) and in the UK (0.9%) and lower than the value previously computed on the Diamond Princess cruse ship data (1.3%)."}, {"pmid": 32245603, "pmcid": "PMC7195090", "title": "[Therapeutic options for genitourinary cancers during the epidemic period of COVID-19].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Fizazi, Karim"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245603", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438836, "title": "Survival After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest In Critically Ill Patients: Implications For Covid-19 Outbreak?", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Girotra, Saket", "Tang, Yuanyuan", "Chan, Paul S", "Nallamothu, Brahmajee K"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438836", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is placing a considerable strain on U.S. healthcare systems by requiring both significant acute resources and endangering healthcare team members through airborne infection. Many U.S. healthcare systems are now considering how to treat COVID-19 patients who suffer cardiac arrest based on a presumption of poor survival after resuscitation in COVID-19 patients. However, empiric data on cardiac arrest survival in COVID-19 from the United States are not available at the moment. To inform this debate, we report survival data following cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a cohort of critically ill patients with pneumonia or sepsis who were receiving mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU) at the time of arrest."}, {"pmid": 32464097, "pmcid": "PMC7255347", "title": "Type I and Type III Interferons - Induction, Signaling, Evasion, and Application to Combat COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Park, Annsea", "Iwasaki, Akiko"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464097", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Without approved antiviral therapeutics or vaccines to this ongoing global threat, type I and type III interferons (IFNs) are currently being evaluated for their efficacy. Both the role of IFNs and the use of recombinant IFNs in two related, highly pathogenic coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, have been controversial in terms of their protective effects in the host. In this review, we describe the recent progress in our understanding of both type I and type III IFN-mediated innate antiviral responses against human coronaviruses and discuss the potential use of IFNs as a treatment strategy for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32053470, "pmcid": "PMC7233367", "title": "Time Course of Lung Changes at Chest CT during Recovery from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Pan, Feng", "Ye, Tianhe", "Sun, Peng", "Gui, Shan", "Liang, Bo", "Li, Lingli", "Zheng, Dandan", "Wang, Jiazheng", "Hesketh, Richard L", "Yang, Lian", "Zheng, Chuansheng"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32053470", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Chest CT is used to assess the severity of lung involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Purpose To determine the changes in chest CT findings associated with COVID-19 from initial diagnosis until patient recovery. Materials and Methods This retrospective review included patients with real-time polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 who presented between January 12, 2020, and February 6, 2020. Patients with severe respiratory distress and/or oxygen requirement at any time during the disease course were excluded. Repeat chest CT was performed at approximately 4-day intervals. Each of the five lung lobes was visually scored on a scale of 0 to 5, with 0 indicating no involvement and 5 indicating more than 75% involvement. The total CT score was determined as the sum of lung involvement, ranging from 0 (no involvement) to 25 (maximum involvement). Results Twenty-one patients (six men and 15 women aged 25-63 years) with confirmed COVID-19 were evaluated. A total of 82 chest CT scans were obtained in these patients, with a mean interval (\u00b1standard deviation) of 4 days \u00b1 1 (range, 1-8 days). All patients were discharged after a mean hospitalization period of 17 days \u00b1 4 (range, 11-26 days). Maximum lung involved peaked at approximately 10 days (with a calculated total CT score of 6) from the onset of initial symptoms (R2 = 0.25, P < .001). Based on quartiles of chest CT scans from day 0 to day 26 involvement, four stages of lung CT findings were defined. CT scans obtained in stage 1 (0-4 days) showed ground-glass opacities (18 of 24 scans [75%]), with a mean total CT score of 2 \u00b1 2; scans obtained in stage 2 (5-8 days) showed an increase in both the crazy-paving pattern (nine of 17 scans [53%]) and total CT score (mean, 6 \u00b1 4; P = .002); scans obtained in stage 3 (9-13 days) showed consolidation (19 of 21 scans [91%]) and a peak in the total CT score (mean, 7 \u00b1 4); and scans obtained in stage 4 (\u226514 days) showed gradual resolution of consolidation (15 of 20 scans [75%]) and a decrease in the total CT score (mean, 6 \u00b1 4) without crazy-paving pattern. Conclusion In patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (without severe respiratory distress during the disease course), lung abnormalities on chest CT scans showed greatest severity approximately 10 days after initial onset of symptoms. \u00a9\u2009RSNA, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32436844, "title": "MinIP technique may be helpful in diagnosing COVID-19.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Savas, Recep"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436844", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371611, "pmcid": "PMC7217128", "title": "Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score as a Predictor of Hospital Mortality in Patients of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Zou, Xiaojing", "Li, Shusheng", "Fang, Minghao", "Hu, Ming", "Bian, Yi", "Ling, Jianmin", "Yu, Shanshan", "Jing, Liang", "Li, Donghui", "Huang, Jiao"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371611", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 has emerged as a major global health threat with a great number of deaths in China. We aimed to assess the association between Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, and to compare the predictive ability of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 (CURB65) score. Retrospective observational cohort. Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. Confirmed patients with coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalized in the ICU of Tongji hospital from January 10, 2020, to February 10, 2020. None. Of 178 potentially eligible patients with symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019, 23 patients (12.92%) were diagnosed as suspected cases, and one patient (0.56%) suffered from cardiac arrest immediately after admission. Ultimately, 154 patients were enrolled in the analysis and 52 patients (33.77%) died. Mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (23.23 \u00b1 6.05) was much higher in deaths compared with the mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 10.87 \u00b1 4.40 in survivors (p < 0.001). Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was independently associated with hospital mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13). In predicting hospital mortality, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score demonstrated better discriminative ability (area under the curve, 0.966; 95% CI, 0.942-0.990) than Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (area under the curve, 0.867; 95% CI, 0.808-0.926) and CURB65 score (area under the curve, 0.844; 95% CI, 0.784-0.905). Based on the cut-off value of 17, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score could predict the death of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 with a sensitivity of 96.15% and a specificity of 86.27%. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the survivor probability of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score less than 17 was notably higher than that of patients with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score greater than or equal to 17 (p < 0.001). Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was an effective clinical tool to predict hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 compared with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and CURB65 score. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score greater than or equal to 17 serves as an early warning indicator of death and may provide guidance to make further clinical decisions."}, {"pmid": 32303717, "pmcid": "PMC7164408", "title": "Caring for our cancer patients in the wake of COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Cancer", "authors": ["El-Shakankery, Karim Hussien", "Kefas, Joanna", "Crusz, Shanthini Mary"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303717", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to our current global pandemic, unprecedented healthcare changes may have significant consequences for cancer patients in the United Kingdom. We explore why cancer patients may be more susceptible to severe infection and complications, highlighting various interventions that may help to ensure continuity of care in this unique cohort."}, {"pmid": 32344309, "pmcid": "PMC7179515", "title": "COVIDiagnosis-Net: Deep Bayes-SqueezeNet based diagnosis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from X-ray images.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Ucar, Ferhat", "Korkmaz, Deniz"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344309", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has a tremendous impact on global health and the daily life of people still living in more than two hundred countries. The crucial action to gain the force in the fight of COVID-19 is to have powerful monitoring of the site forming infected patients. Most of the initial tests rely on detecting the genetic material of the coronavirus, and they have a poor detection rate with the time-consuming operation. In the ongoing process, radiological imaging is also preferred where chest X-rays are highlighted in the diagnosis. Early studies express the patients with an abnormality in chest X-rays pointing to the presence of the COVID-19. On this motivation, there are several studies cover the deep learning-based solutions to detect the COVID-19 using chest X-rays. A part of the existing studies use non-public datasets, others perform on complicated Artificial Intelligent (AI) structures. In our study, we demonstrate an AI-based structure to outperform the existing studies. The SqueezeNet that comes forward with its light network design is tuned for the COVID-19 diagnosis with Bayesian optimization additive. Fine-tuned hyperparameters and augmented dataset make the proposed network perform much better than existing network designs and to obtain a higher COVID-19 diagnosis accuracy."}, {"pmid": 32114747, "title": "[Advances in the research of cytokine storm mechanism induced by Corona Virus Disease 2019 and the corresponding immunotherapies].", "journal": "Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, C", "Zhang, X R", "Ju, Z Y", "He, W F"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114747", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has seriously affected the treatment of patients and social stability. In the later stage of disease, some COVID-19 patients may develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome or even multiple organ failure. However, one of the most important mechanism underlying the deterioration of disease is cytokine storm. At present, some therapies such as interleukin-6 antibody blocker, stem cell therapy, and transfusion of convalescent plasma have been applied to counteract the cytokine storm and have made some progress. This article reviews the influences of cytokine storm syndrome on the COVID-19 and the corresponding immunotherapies to resist cytokine storm."}, {"pmid": 32438579, "title": "Comparison of the Characteristics and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Different Types of Family Infections in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Liu, Shih-Feng", "Kuo, Nai-Ying", "Kuo, Ho-Chang"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438579", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There were some family infections of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taiwan to date. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of different types of family infections with COVID-19 and to share Taiwan's experience. We collected cases of family infections of COVID-19 from 21 January 2020 to 16 March 2020. The data were collected from a series of press conference contents by Taiwan's Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC). During this period, there were six family infections in Taiwan, including two couple infections, one imported family cluster infection, and three domestic family cluster infections. Compared to the former two, the starters (cases 19, 24, and 27) of domestic family cluster infections showed longer symptom-onset to diagnosis (p = 0.02); longer symptom-onset to quarantine or isolation (p = 0.01); higher first-generation reproduction number (p = 0.03); and more critical presentation (endotracheal tube insertion and intensive care unit (ICU) care) (p < 0.01). In addition, compared to the former two, the starters of the latter were older, had no history of travel, and had more underlying diseases and more mortality. There are more contacts of domestic family cluster infections, making epidemiological investigations more difficult and expensive. However, the second-generation reproduction number of the above three families was zero. Domestic family cluster infections of COVID-19 have different characteristics and outcomes from couple infection and imported family cluster infections in this study."}, {"pmid": 32193831, "pmcid": "PMC7091225", "title": "Clinical features of severe pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan: a single center's observational study.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Sun, Dan", "Li, Hui", "Lu, Xiao-Xia", "Xiao, Han", "Ren, Jie", "Zhang, Fu-Rong", "Liu, Zhi-Sheng"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193831", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in Wuhan, Hubei, China. People of all ages are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. No information on severe pediatric patients with COVID-19 has been reported. We aimed to describe the clinical features of severe pediatric patients with COVID-19. We included eight severe or critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were treated at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Wuhan Children's Hospital from January 24 to February 24. We collected information including demographic data, symptoms, imaging data, laboratory findings, treatments and clinical outcomes of the patients with severe COVID-19. The onset age of the eight patients ranged from 2\u00a0months\u00a0to 15\u00a0years; six were boys. The most common symptoms were polypnea (8/8), followed by fever (6/8) and cough (6/8). Chest imaging showed multiple patch-like shadows in seven patients and ground-glass opacity in six. Laboratory findings revealed normal or increased whole blood counts (7/8), increased C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and lactate dehydrogenase (6/8), and abnormal liver function (4/8). Other findings included decreased CD16\u2009+\u2009CD56 (4/8) and Th/Ts*(1/8), increased CD3 (2/8), CD4 (4/8) and CD8 (1/8), IL-6 (2/8), IL-10 (5/8) and IFN-\u03b3 (2/8). Treatment modalities were focused on symptomatic and respiratory support. Two critically ill patients underwent invasive mechanical ventilation. Up to February 24, 2020, three patients remained under treatment in ICU, the other five recovered and were discharged home. In this series of severe pediatric patients in Wuhan, polypnea was the most common symptom, followed by fever and cough. Common imaging changes included multiple patch-like shadows and ground-glass opacity; and\u00a0a cytokine storm was found in these patients, which appeared more serious in critically ill patients."}, {"pmid": 32387015, "pmcid": "PMC7165080", "title": "Critical Care During the Coronavirus Crisis: Challenges and Considerations for the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia Community.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387015", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418120, "pmcid": "PMC7229882", "title": "ACMT Position Statement: Medication Shortages During Coronavirus Disease Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Toxicol", "authors": ["Mazer-Amirshahi, Maryann", "Fox, Erin R", "Farmer, Brenna Michelle", "Stolbach, Andrew I"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418120", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378705, "pmcid": "PMC7225408", "title": "A virus that has gone viral: amino acid mutation in S protein of Indian isolate of Coronavirus COVID-19 might impact receptor binding, and thus, infectivity.", "journal": "Biosci Rep", "authors": ["Saha, Priyanka", "Banerjee, Arup Kumar", "Tripathi, Prem Prakash", "Srivastava, Amit Kumar", "Ray, Upasana"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378705", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since 2002, \u03b2 coronaviruses (CoVs) have caused three zoonotic outbreaks, SARS-CoV in 2002, MERS-CoV in 2012, and the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 late in 2019 (also named as COVID-19 or novel coronavirus 2019 or nCoV2019). Spike (S) protein, one of the structural proteins of this virus plays key role in receptor (ACE2) binding and thus virus entry. Thus, this protein has attracted scientists for detailed study and therapeutic targeting. As the nCoV2019 takes its course throughout the world, more and more sequence analyses are being done and genome sequences are being deposited in various databases. From India, two clinical isolates have been sequenced and the full genome has been deposited in GenBank. We have performed sequence analyses of the Spike protein of the Indian isolates and compared with that of the Wuhan, China (where the outbreak was first reported). While all the sequences of Wuhan isolates are identical, we found point mutations in the Indian isolates. Out of the two isolates, one was found to harbor a mutation in its receptor-binding domain (RBD) at position 407. At this site, arginine (a positively charged amino acid) was replaced by isoleucine (a hydrophobic amino acid that is also a C-\u03b2 branched amino acid). This mutation has been seen to change the secondary structure of the protein at that region and this can potentially alter receptor binding of the virus. Although this finding needs further validation and more sequencing, the information might be useful in rational drug designing and vaccine engineering."}, {"pmid": 32421385, "title": "Exercise Caution When Sharing Medical Advice About Coronavirus on Social Media.", "journal": "Popul Health Manag", "authors": ["Ratna, Haran N"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421385", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435607, "pmcid": "PMC7227161", "title": "Potential Role of ACE2 in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prevention and Management.", "journal": "J Transl Int Med", "authors": ["Liu, Mengyuan", "Wang, Ting", "Zhou, Yun", "Zhao, Yutong", "Zhang, Yan", "Li, Jianping"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435607", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is the current public health threat all over the world. Unfortunately, there is no specific prevention and treatment strategy for this disease. We aim to explore the potential role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in this regard through this literature review. As a crucial enzyme of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), ACE2 not only mediates the virus entry but also affects the pathophysiological process of virus-induced acute lung injury (ALI), as well as other organs' damage. As interaction of COVID-19 virus spike and ACE2 is essential for virus infection, COVID-19-specific vaccine based on spike protein, small molecule compound interrupting their interaction, human monoclonal antibody based on receptor-binding domain, and recombinant human ACE2 protein (rhuACE2) have aroused the interests of researchers. Meanwhile, ACE2 could catalyze angiotensin II (Ang II) to form angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), thus alleviates the harmful effect of Ang II and amplifies the protection effect of Ang1-7. ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) have been shown to increase the level of expression of ACE2 and could be potential strategies in protecting lungs, heart, and kidneys. ACE2 plays a very important role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection. Strategies targeting ACE2 and its ligand, COVID-19 virus spike protein, may provide novel method in the prevention and management of novel coronavirus pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32389999, "pmcid": "PMC7241216", "title": "Analysis of Psychological and Sleep Status and Exercise Rehabilitation of Front-Line Clinical Staff in the Fight Against COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit Basic Res", "authors": ["Wu, Koulong", "Wei, Xuemei"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389999", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to understand the changes in psychological factors and sleep status of front-line medical staff in the fight against COVID-19 and provide evidence of exercise interventions to relieve psychological stress and improve sleep status for medical staff. MATERIAL AND METHODS A survey study was conducted among 120 front-line medical staff in the fight against COVID-19, of which 60 medical staff worked at the designated hospital (experimental group) and 60 medical staff worked at the non-designated hospital (control group). The Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) were used to assess mental status. Sleep status was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS SCL-90 scores of somatization, depression, anxiety, and terror were higher than normal in front-line medical staff at the designated hospital. The SAS (45.89\u00b11.117), SDS (50.13\u00b11.813), and PCL-C (50.13\u00b11.813) scores in the experimental group were higher than the normal control group, and were significantly different from those in the control group on SDS and PCL-C scales (P<0.05). The total average PSQI of the experimental group was 16.07\u00b13.761, indicating that the sleep quality was poor. Among them, participants with moderate insomnia reached 61.67%, and participants with severe insomnia reached 26.67%. CONCLUSIONS There are psychological symptoms and sleep symptoms in front-line medical staff who participate in the fight against COVID-19, and they affect each other. Hospitals should improve emergency management measures, strengthen psychological counseling for clinical front-line medical staff, strengthen exercise intervention, and improve their sleep quality and mental health."}, {"pmid": 32360977, "pmcid": "PMC7184981", "title": "The role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Covid-19: Only an hypothesis or a potential new field of research?", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Mozzini, Chiara", "Girelli, Domenico"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360977", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501535, "title": "Identification of nsp1 gene as the target of SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR using nanopore whole genome sequencing.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chan, Wan-Mui", "Ip, Jonathan Daniel", "Chu, Allen Wing-Ho", "Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Lo, Lap-Sum", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Ng, Anthony Chin-Ki", "Poon, Rosana Wing-Shan", "To, Wing-Kin", "Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin", "Leung, Wai-Shing", "Kwan, Mike Yat-Wah", "Chua, Gilbert T", "Chung, Tom Wai-Hin", "Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Kok, Kin-Hang", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501535", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 using molecular assays is critical for patient management and the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is an increasing number of SARS-CoV-2 viruses with mutations at the primer or probe binding sites, and these mutations may affect the sensitivity of currently available real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays targeting the N, E, and ORF1a/b genes. Using sequence-independent single-primer amplification (SISPA) and nanopore whole-genome sequencing, we have found that the nsp1 gene, located at the 5' end of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, was highly expressed in the nasopharyngeal or saliva specimens of 9 COVID-19 patients of different clinical severity. Based on this finding, we have developed a novel nsp1 real-time RT-PCR assay. The primers and probes are highly specific for SARS-CoV-2. Validation with 101 clinical specimens showed that our nsp1 RT-PCR assay has a sensitivity of 93.1% (95% confidence interval, 86.2-97.2%), which was similar to those of N and E gene RT-PCR assays. The diagnostic specificity was 100% (95% CI, 92.9-100%). The addition of nsp1 for multi-target detection of SARS-CoV-2 can avoid false negative results due to mutations at the primers/probes binding sites of currently available RT-PCR assays. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32421102, "pmcid": "PMC7225714", "title": "Exploring the Active Compounds of Traditional Mongolian Medicine in Intervention of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Based on Molecular Docking Method.", "journal": "J Funct Foods", "authors": ["Yu, Jiu-Wang", "Wang, Lu", "Bao, Li-Dao"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421102", "countries": ["Mongolia"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article intends to use molecular docking technology to find potential inhibitors that can respond to COVID-19 from active compounds in Mongolian medicine. Mongolian medicine with anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects is selected from Mongolian medicine prescription preparations. TCMSP, ETCM database and document mining methods were used to collect active compounds. Swiss TargetPrediction and SuperPred server were used to find targets of compounds with smiles number. Drugbank and Genecard database were used to collect antiviral drug targets. Then the above targets were compared and analyzed to screen out antiviral targets of Mongolia medicine. Metascape database platform was used to enrich and analyze the GO (Gene ontology) annotation and KEGG pathway of the targets. In view of the high homology of gene sequences between SARS-CoV-2 S-protein RBD domain and SARS virus, as well as their similarities in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, we established SARS-CoV-2 S-protein model using Swiss-Model. The ZDOCK protein docking software was applied to dock the S-protein with the human angiotensin ACE2 protein to find out the key amino acids of the binding site. Taking ACE2 as the receptor, the molecular docking between the active ingredients and the target protein was studied by AutoDock molecular docking software. The interaction between ligand and receptor is applied to provide a choice for screening anti-COVID-19 drugs. A total of 253 active components were predicted. Metascape analysis showed that key candidate targets were significantly enriched in multiple pathways related to different toxins. These key candidate targets were mainly derived from phillyrin and chlorogenic acid. Through the protein docking between S-protein and ACE2, it is found that Glu329/Gln325 and Gln42/Asp38 in ACE2 play an important role in the binding process of the two. The results of molecular docking virtual calculation showed that phillyrin and chlorogenic acid could stably combine with Gln325 and Gln42/Asp38 in ACE2, respectively, which hindered the combination between S- protein and ACE2. Phillyrin and chlorogenic acid can effectively prevent the combination of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein and ACE2 at the molecular level. Phillyrin and chlorogenic acid can be used as potential inhibitors of COVID-19 for further research and development."}, {"pmid": 32139372, "pmcid": "PMC7081812", "title": "What we know so far: COVID-19 current clinical knowledge and research.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Lake, Mary A"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32139372", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, health authorities in Wuhan, China, identified a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology linked to the city's South China Seafood Market. Subsequent investigations revealed a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, as the causative agent now at the heart of a major outbreak. The rising case numbers have been accompanied by unprecedented public health action, including the wholesale isolation of Wuhan. Alongside this has been a robust scientific response, including early publication of the pathogen genome, and rapid development of highly specific diagnostics. This article will review the new knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 acute respiratory disease, and summarise its clinical features."}, {"pmid": 32183937, "pmcid": "PMC7078827", "title": "Updated rapid risk assessment from ECDC on the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: increased transmission in the EU/EEA and the UK.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Eurosurveillance Editorial Team"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183937", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338584, "title": "Response to and Recovery from the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Will It Take?", "journal": "Psychiatry", "authors": ["Morganstein, Joshua C", "West, James C", "Schimmels, JoEllen", "Benedek, David M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338584", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377594, "pmcid": "PMC7201238", "title": "Haemorrhagic conjunctivitis with pseudomembranous related to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep", "authors": ["Navel, Valentin", "Chiambaretta, Frederic", "Dutheil, Frederic"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377594", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the multiplicity of ocular manifestations of COVID-19 patients, we report a case of pseudomembranous and hemorrhagic conjunctivitis related with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a patient of intensive care unit (ICU). A 63-year-old male was admitted in intensive care unit (ICU), seven days after the beginning of an influenza-like symptoms, to manage an acute respiratory syndrome related with SARS-CoV-2. Chest scan showed interstitial pneumonia with \"crazy paving\" patterns. At day 19, ocular examination at the patient's bed described petechias and tarsal hemorrhages, mucous filaments and tarsal pseudomembranous. Conjunctival scrapings and swabs did not identify any bacteria or virus. To our knowledge, we described the first case of pseudomembranous conjunctivitis in a COVID-19 patient. Considering that SARS-CoV-2 is present in tears and conjunctival secretions, external ocular infections could be factors of infectious spreading. Physicians should be aware of late (>2 weeks) ocular complications in COVID-19 patients to prevent sequelae."}, {"pmid": 32501371, "pmcid": "PMC7256018", "title": "Modelling the spread of COVID-19 with new fractal-fractional operators: Can the lockdown save mankind before vaccination?", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Atangana, Abdon"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501371", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Countries around the world are implementing lock-down measures in a bid to flatten the curve of the new deadly COVID-19 disease. Our paper does not claim to have found the cure for COVID-19, neither does it claim that the suggested model have taken into account all the complexities around the spread of the disease. Nonetheless, the fundamental question asked in this paper is to know if within the conditions taken into account in this suggested model, the integral lock-down is effective in saving human lives. To answer this question, a mathematical model was suggested taking into account the possibility of transmission of COVID-19 from dead bodies to humans and the effect of lock-down. Three cases were considered. The first case suggested that there is transmission from dead to the living (medical staffs as they perform postmortem procedures on corpses, and direct contacts with during burial ceremonies). This case has no equilibrium points except for disease free equilibrium, a clear indication that care must be taken when dealing with corpses due to corona-19. In the second case we removed the transmission rate from dead bodies. This case showed an equilibrium point, although the number of deaths, carriers and infected grew exponentially up to a certain stability level. In the last case, we incorporated a lock-down and social distancing effect, using the next generation matrix. We could achieve a zero reproduction number, with number of deaths, infected and carriers decaying very rapidly. This is a clear indication that if lock-down recommendations are observed the threat of COVID-19 can be reduced to zero in few months.While our mathematical model agrees with the effectiveness of the lock-down, it is important to mention damaging effects of inadequate testing. The long waiting period of few days before confirmation of status, can only lead to more infections. The asymptomatic tested person could be positive and spread the infection, or could contact the virus in days after testing and will spread the disease further, after being given a false result. Testing kit that with immediate results are needed for more efficient measures. We used Italy's Data to guide the construction of the mathematical model. To include non-locality into mathematical formulas, differential and integral operators were suggested. Properties and numerical approximations were presented in details. Finally, the suggested differential and integral operators were applied to the model."}, {"pmid": 32227123, "pmcid": "PMC7184346", "title": "Characteristics of Peripheral Lymphocyte Subset Alteration in COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Fan", "Nie, Jiayan", "Wang, Haizhou", "Zhao, Qiu", "Xiong, Yong", "Deng, Liping", "Song, Shihui", "Ma, Zhiyong", "Mo, Pingzheng", "Zhang, Yongxi"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227123", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan and has since rapidly spread throughout China. We aimed to clarify the characteristics and clinical significance of peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration in COVID-19. The levels of peripheral lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry in 60 hospitalized COVID-19 patients before and after treatment, and their association with clinical characteristics and treatment efficacy was analyzed. Total lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells decreased in COVID-19 patients, and severe cases had a lower level than mild cases. The subsets showed a significant association with inflammatory status in COVID-19, especially CD8+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio. After treatment, 37 patients (67%) showed clinical response, with an increase in CD8+ T cells and B cells. No significant change in any subset was detected in nonresponsive cases. In multivariate analysis, posttreatment decrease in CD8+ T cells and B cells and increase in CD4+/CD8+ ratio were indicated as independent predictors of poor efficacy. Peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration was associated with clinical characteristics and treatment efficacy of COVID-19. CD8+ T cells tended to be an independent predictor for COVID-19 severity and treatment efficacy."}, {"pmid": 32467031, "pmcid": "PMC7202319", "title": "CSANZ Imaging Council Position Statement on Echocardiography Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Wahi, Sudhir", "Thomas, Liza", "Stanton, Tony", "Taylor, Andrew", "Mahadevan, Devan", "Evans, Geoffrey", "Playford, David", "To, Andrew", "Davis, Mark", "Anderson, Bonita", "Buckley, Belinda"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467031", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) Imaging Council Position Statement aims to guide local, regional and national clinical practice, and facilitate resource and echocardiographic service planning appropriately during the current COVID-19 global pandemic. General considerations include workforce arrangements and contingency plans, patient risk assessment for COVID-19 and level of care (personal protective equipment) for staff. Both outpatient and inpatient settings are addressed, including specific considerations in the in-patient setting including scanning protocols, screening modalities and indications for echocardiograms in the context of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32299718, "pmcid": "PMC7151320", "title": "Ecosystem approaches to the risk for schizophrenia.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Paquin, Vincent", "Lemire, Melanie", "King, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299718", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330340, "pmcid": "PMC7267234", "title": "Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: the experiences of Barcelona and Rome.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Tammaro, A", "Adebanjo, G A R", "Parisella, F R", "Pezzuto, A", "Rello, J"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330340", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through respiratory droplets and object infected with droplets containing the virus. The diagnosis is made employing quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to identify the viral nucleic acid in respiratory specimens or blood samples."}, {"pmid": 32431961, "pmcid": "PMC7226706", "title": "Global Ranking of COVID-19-Related Mortality by Country using a Novel Pandemic Efficiency Index (PEI).", "journal": "Int J MCH AIDS", "authors": ["Salihu, Hamisu M", "Dongarwar, Deepa", "Aliyu, Muktar H", "Azuine, Romuladus E"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431961", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy", "France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently witnessing a dramatic disruption of everyday life owing to the rapid progression of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As the pandemic evolves, there is an urgent need to better understand its epidemiology, characterize its potential impact, and identify mitigatory strategies to avert pandemic-related mortality. There is a need for a tool or algorithm to evaluate the extent to which public health policy and/or economic preparedness measures are effectively averting COVID-19 related mortality. We present a simple and yet practical epidemiological tool, the Pandemic Efficiency Index (PEI), that can be utilized globally to test the relative efficiency of measures put in place to avert death resulting from COVID-19 infection. Using the PEI and current COVID-19-related mortality, we determined that so far Germany demonstrates the highest PEI (5.1) among countries with more than 5,000 recorded cases of the infection, indicating high quality measures instituted by the country to avert death during the pandemic. Italy and France currently have the lowest COVID-19-related PEIs. Epidemics and pandemics come and go, but local, national, and global abilities to determine the efficiency of their efforts in averting deaths is critical."}, {"pmid": 32373572, "pmcid": "PMC7186339", "title": "COVID-19 and the Elderly: Who Cares?", "journal": "Front Public Health", "authors": ["Fischer, Florian", "Raiber, Lea", "Boscher, Claudia", "Winter, Maik H-J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373572", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376592, "pmcid": "PMC7167317", "title": "[Tracheal intubation in patients with severe and critical COVID-19: analysis of 18 cases].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Wang, Jiafang", "Lu, Fan", "Zhou, Mingxing", "Qi, Zhong", "Chen, Zhijun"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376592", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with severe or critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) receiving tracheal intubation. We analyzed clinical characteristics of 18 severely or critically ill patients with COVID-19 undergoing tracheal intubation. The general demographic and clinical data of the patients including their age, gender, pre- intubation state of consciousness and the ventilation mode were recorded. The anesthesiologists performing the tracheal intubation procedure evaluated and recorded the tracheal intubation conditions of the patients. The changes in the vital signs of the patients before anesthesia induction and after intubation were recorded. The average ages of these patients were 70.39\u00b18.02 years. Fifteen patients (83.33%) received non- invasive ventilation before tracheal intubation, and 13 patients (72.22%) were conscious before tracheal intubation. After induction of anesthesia, the blood pressure and heart rate of the patients decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Most of the patients (94.44%) were in excellent or good conditions for tracheal intubation, and the first-attempt success rate of tracheal intubation was 100%. Five patients died within 3 weeks following the intubation. Tracheotomy was performed in one patient. Twelve patients were still on endotracheal mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit, and one of them received ECMO treatment due to poor oxygenation. A total of 16 experienced anesthesiologists participated in tracheal intubation, all with third-level protection during the operation, and no medical staff infection has been detected so far. For patients with severe and critical COVID-19 and indications of tracheal intubation, we recommend early intubation with invasive respiratory support to improve the treatment efficacy and reduce the mortality. Anesthetic agents should be used carefully during tracheal intubation to ensure patients' safety. The medical staff should have a high-level protection during the intubation to maximally ensure their safety."}, {"pmid": 32530889, "title": "Prevalence of Covid-19 Infection and Subsequent Cohorting in a Residential Substance Use Treatment Program in Boston, MA.", "journal": "J Addict Med", "authors": ["Barocas, Joshua A", "Blackstone, Elizabeth", "Bouton, Tara C", "Kimmel, Simeon D", "Caputo, Andrea", "Porter, Sarah J", "Walley, Alexander Y"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530889", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) may disproportionately affect persons in congregate settings, including those in residential substance use treatment facilities. To limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through congregate settings, universal testing may be necessary. We aimed to determine the point prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in a residential treatment program setting and to understand the unique challenges of Covid-19 transmission in this setting. We performed a case series of SARS-CoV-2 rT-PCR testing via nasopharyngeal in a residential substance use treatment program for women in Boston. Staff and residents of the treatment program were tested for SARS-CoV-2. The primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 test result. A total of 31 residents and staff were tested. Twenty-seven percent (6/22) of the residents and 44% (4/9) of staff tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. All of the SARS-CoV-2 positive residents resided in the same residential unit. Two positive cases resided together with two negative cases in a 4-person room. Two other positive cases resided together in a 2-person room. One positive case resided with two negative cases in a 3-person room. One positive case resided with a negative case in a 2-person room. Based on test results, residents were cohorted by infection status and continued to participate in addiction treatment on-site. SARS-CoV-2 infection was common among staff and residents within a residential substance use treatment program for women in Boston. Universal SARS-CoV-2 testing in residential substance use programs can be instituted to reduce the risk of further transmission and continue addiction treatment programming when accompanied by adequate space, supplies, and staffing."}, {"pmid": 32393404, "pmcid": "PMC7267101", "title": "COVID-19 and psychogeriatrics: the view from Australia.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Pachana, Nancy A", "Beattie, Elizabeth", "Byrne, Gerard J", "Brodaty, Henry"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393404", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376346, "pmcid": "PMC7162765", "title": "An In-hospital Pathway for Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Initial Experience Under Real-World Suboptimal Conditions.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Cosentino, Nicola", "Assanelli, Emilio", "Merlino, Luca", "Mazza, Mario", "Bartorelli, Antonio L", "Marenzi, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376346", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Owing to the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy) there is an urgent need to manage cardiovascular emergencies, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with appropriate standards of care and dedicated preventive measures and pathways against the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. For this reason, the Government of Lombardy decided to centralize the treatment of ACS patients in a limited number of centers, including our university cardiology institute, which in the past 4 weeks became a cardiovascular emergency referral center in a regional hub-and-spoke system. Therefore, we rapidly developed a customized pathway to allocate patients to the appropriate hospital ward, and treat them according to ACS severity and risk of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. We present here the protocol dedicated to ACS patients adopted in our center since March 13, 2020, and our initial experience in the management of ACS patients during the first 4 weeks of its use. Certainly, the protocol has room for further improvement as everyone's experience grows, but we hope that it could be a starting point, adaptable to different realities and local resources."}, {"pmid": 32277877, "pmcid": "PMC7195440", "title": "Localising an asset-based COVID-19 response in Ecuador.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Torres, Irene", "Sacoto, Fernando"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277877", "countries": ["Ecuador"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207592, "title": "[Anesthesia management in cesarean section for a patient with coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Kang, Xianhui", "Zhang, Rong", "He, Huiliang", "Yao, Yongxing", "Zheng, Yueying", "Wen, Xiaohong", "Zhu, Shengmei"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207592", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the cardio-pulmonary function of pregnant women, the anesthetic management in the cesarean section for the patients, as well as the protection for medical staff is significantly different from that in ordinary surgical operation. This paper reports a pregnant woman with COVID-19, for whom a cesarean section was successfully performed in our hospital on February 8, 2020. Anesthetic management, protection of medical staff and psychological intervention for the patients during the operation are discussed. Importance should be attached to the preoperative evaluation of pregnant women with COVID-19 and the implementation of anesthesia plan. For ordinary COVID-19 patients intraspinal anesthesia is preferred in cesarean section, and the influence on respiration and circulation in both maternal and infant should be reduced; while for severe or critically ill patients general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation should be adopted. The safety of medical environment should be ensured, and level-\u2162 standard protection should be taken for anesthetists. Special attention and support should be given to maternal psychology. It is important to give full explanation before operation to reduce anxiety; to relieve the discomfort during operation to reduce tension; to avoid the bad mood of patients due to pain after operation."}, {"pmid": 32366572, "title": "The Biology of Pulmonary Coronavirus Infection Underscores Host-Directed Therapies as an Option.", "journal": "Ann Clin Lab Sci", "authors": ["Brown, Robert E", "Hunter, Robert L"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366572", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453518, "title": "\"Is It Safe for Me to Go to Work?\" Risk Stratification for Workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Larochelle, Marc R"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453518", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352650, "pmcid": "PMC7267304", "title": "Zooming Towards a Telehealth Solution for Vulnerable Children with Obesity During COVID-19.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Woo Baidal, Jennifer A", "Chang, Jane", "Hulse, Emma", "Turetsky, Robyn", "Parkinson, Kristina", "Rausch, John C"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352650", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health inequities exist throughout the life course, resulting in racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in obesity and obesity-related health complications. Obesity and its comorbidities appear to be linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality. Approaches to reduce obesity in the time of COVID-19 closures are urgently needed and should start early in life. In New York City, a telehealth pediatric weight-management collaborative spanning NewYork-Presbyterian, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Weill Cornell Medicine was developed during COVID-19 with show rates from 76% to 89%. To stave off the impending exacerbation of health disparities related to obesity risk factors in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, effective interventions that can be delivered remotely are urgently needed among vulnerable children with obesity. Challenges in digital technology access, social and linguistic differences, privacy security, and reimbursement must be overcome to realize the full potential of telehealth for pediatric weight management among low-income and racial/ethnic-minority children."}, {"pmid": 32515684, "title": "Patterns of IgG and IgM antibody response in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Xuemei", "Wang, Jing", "Xu, Xiaolei", "Liao, Guojian", "Chen, Yaokai", "Hu, Chang-Hua"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515684", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269939, "pmcid": "PMC7136726", "title": "CT imaging of one extended family cluster of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including adolescent patients and \"silent infection\".", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Xu, Rui", "Du, Mingshan", "Li, Linfeng", "Zhen, Zhiming", "Wang, Huiyou", "Hu, Xiaofei"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269939", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302270, "pmcid": "PMC7228681", "title": "Managing COVID-19 in Patients With Cancer: A Double Blow for Oncologists.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Jindal, Vishal", "Siddiqui, Ahmad Daniyal"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302270", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353109, "pmcid": "PMC7197623", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Safe Medication Use in Older Adults with Multimorbidity and Polypharmacy.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Ailabouni, Nagham J", "Hilmer, Sarah N", "Kalisch, Lisa", "Braund, Rhiannon", "Reeve, Emily"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353109", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438703, "title": "Older Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Epidemic: Practice Proposal of the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group.", "journal": "Cancers (Basel)", "authors": ["Nguyen, Nam P", "Vinh-Hung, Vincent", "Baumert, Brigitta", "Zamagni, Alice", "Arenas, Meritxell", "Motta, Micaela", "Lara, Pedro Carlos", "Myint, Arthur Sun", "Bonet, Marta", "Popescu, Tiberiu", "Vuong, Te", "Appalanaido, Gokula Kumar", "Trigo, Lurdes", "Karlsson, Ulf", "Thariat, Juliette"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438703", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is unprecedented as it reached all countries in the world within a record short period of time. Even though COVID-19 infection may be just severe in any adults, older adults (65-year-old or older) may experience a higher mortality rate. Among those affected, cancer patients may have a worse outcome compared to the general population because of their depressed immune status. As the health resources of most countries are limited, clinicians may face painful decisions about which patients to save if they require artificial ventilation. Cancer patients, especially the older ones, may be denied supportive care because of their shorter life expectancy. Thus, special considerations should be taken to prevent infection of older cancer patients and to provide them with adequate social support during their cancer treatment. The following proposal was reached: (1) Education of health care providers about the special needs of older cancer patients and their risks of infection. (2) Special consideration such as surgical masks and separate scheduling should be made to protect them from being infected. (3) Social services such as patient navigators should be provided to ensure adequate medical supply, food, and daily transportation to cancer centers. (4) Close monitoring through phone calls, telecommunication to ensure social distancing and psychological support from patient family to prevent anxiety and depression. (5) Shorter course of radiotherapy by use of hypofractionation where possible to decrease the needs for daily transportation and exposure to infection. (6) Enrollment of older cancer patients in clinical trials for potential antiviral medications if infection does occur. (7) Home health care telemedicine may be an effective strategy for older cancer patients with COVID-19 infection to avoid hospital admission when health care resources become restricted. (8) For selected patients, immunotherapy and targeted therapy may become the systemic therapy of choice for older cancer patients and need to be tested in clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32306627, "title": "[Suggestions for emergency operation of otorhinolaryngology head and neck during the period of prevention and control of 2019 novel coronavirus].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Sun, Y", "Hu, Y J", "Xiao, H J"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306627", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247755, "pmcid": "PMC7130320", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of a gastroenterology fellow: looking for the silver lining.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Shah, Raj", "Satyavada, Sagarika", "Ismail, Mayada", "Kurin, Michael", "Smith, Zachary L", "Cooper, Gregory S", "Chak, Amitabh"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242877, "title": "Public engagement is key for containing COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Bhatia, Rajesh"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242877", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464491, "pmcid": "PMC7246001", "title": "Selenium supplementation in the prevention of coronavirus infections (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Kieliszek, Marek", "Lipinski, Boguslaw"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464491", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Selenium (Se) is a ubiquitous element akin to sulfur (S) existing in the Earth crust in various organic and inorganic forms. Selenium concentration varies greatly depending on the geographic area. Consequently, the content of selenium in food products is also variable. It is known that low Se is associated with increased incidence of cancer and heart diseases. Therefore, it is advisable to supplement diet with this element albeit in a proper form. Although blood increased concentrations of Se can be achieved with various pharmacological preparations, only one chemical form (sodium selenite) can offer a true protection. Sodium selenite, but not selenate, can oxidize thiol groups in the virus protein disulfide isomerase rendering it unable to penetrate the healthy cell membrane. In this way selenite inhibits the entrance of viruses into the healthy cells and abolish their infectivity. Therefore, this simple chemical compound can potentially be used in the recent battle against coronavirus epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32105049, "title": "Novel coronavirus COVID-19: an overview for emergency clinicians", "journal": "Emerg Med Pract", "authors": ["Giwa, Al", "Desai, Akash"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105049", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prior to the global outbreak of SARS-CoV in 2003, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 were the only coronaviruses known to infect humans. Following\nthe SARS outbreak, 5 additional coronaviruses have been discovered in humans, most recently the novel coronavirus COVID-19, believed to\nhave originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. SARS-CoV and MERSCoV are particularly pathogenic in humans and are associated with high\nmortality. In this review, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of the recently discovered COVID-19 are reviewed, with a focus on\nbest practices and the public health implications."}, {"pmid": 32430427, "pmcid": "PMC7241112", "title": "COVID-19 and vaping: risk for increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["McAlinden, Kielan Darcy", "Eapen, Mathew Suji", "Lu, Wenying", "Chia, Collin", "Haug, Greg", "Sohal, Sukhwinder Singh"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430427", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32083284, "pmcid": "PMC7107562", "title": "The New Coronavirus, the Current King of China.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Plotkin, Stanley A"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083284", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416146, "pmcid": "PMC7207105", "title": "Assessing the Effects of Metropolitan-Wide Quarantine on the Spread of COVID-19 in Public Space and Households.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shen, Mingwang", "Peng, Zhihang", "Guo, Yuming", "Rong, Libin", "Li, Yan", "Xiao, Yanni", "Zhuang, Guihua", "Zhang, Lei"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416146", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hubei province in China has completed cycle of quarantine-resumption in 23rd Janauary and 8th April 2020, providing a unique opportunity as for now to assess its intervention impact and the pattern of SARS-COV-2 transmission during the quarantine period. In this study, we evaluate the impact of the metropolitan-wide quarantine on the trend and transmission route of the COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei, China. The intervention reduces more than 70% of new infections in both households and the public space, as well as the deaths caused by COVID-19 pneumonia. Household transmission is the dominant route of disease spread regardless of quarantine. This will provide important evidence and scientific insights to other worldwide countries that are currently under quarantine."}, {"pmid": 32370129, "title": "Blockchain-Based Healthcare Workflow for Tele-Medical Laboratory in Federated Hospital IoT Clouds.", "journal": "Sensors (Basel)", "authors": ["Celesti, Antonio", "Ruggeri, Armando", "Fazio, Maria", "Galletta, Antonino", "Villari, Massimo", "Romano, Agata"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a pandemic situation such as that we are living at the time of writing of this paper due to the Covid-19 virus, the need of tele-healthcare service becomes dramatically fundamental to reduce the movement of patients, thence reducing the risk of infection. Leveraging the recent Cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, this paper aims at proposing a tele-medical laboratory service where clinical exams are performed on patients directly in a hospital by technicians through IoT medical devices and results are automatically sent via the hospital Cloud to doctors of federated hospitals for validation and/or consultation. In particular, we discuss a distributed scenario where nurses, technicians and medical doctors belonging to different hospitals cooperate through their federated hospital Clouds to form a virtual health team able to carry out a healthcare workflow in secure fashion leveraging the intrinsic security features of the Blockchain technology. In particular, both public and hybrid Blockchain scenarios are discussed and assessed using the Ethereum platform."}, {"pmid": 32450986, "pmcid": "PMC7244408", "title": "Research and Publishing in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Injury", "authors": ["Civil, Ian D", "Giannoudis, Peter V"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450986", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419564, "title": "Consideration of prevention and management of long-term consequences of post-acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Physiother Theory Pract", "authors": ["Candan, Sevim Acaroz", "Elibol, Nuray", "Abdullahi, Auwal"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419564", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This manuscript provides support for physical therapists to focus on the long-term, as well as the short-term, consequences of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with COVID-19. Since late November 2019, COVID-19 has become a global health pandemic and threat. Although most people have no or mild symptoms, COVID-19 spreads aggressively and can lead to ARDS rapidly in a proportion of individuals. The evidence supports that gas exchange and countering the negative effects of bed rest and immobility are priorities in severely affected patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). However, in recent years, research has focused on poor long-term functional outcomes in patients with ARDS, often associated with ICU-acquired weakness, deconditioning, and myopathies and neuropathies. In addition to physical therapists providing respiratory support in the ICU, the literature unequivocally supports the view that early intervention for ICU management of patients with ARDS secondary to COVID-19 needs to focus on reducing contributors to impaired long-term function, with direct attention paid to preventing or managing ICU-acquired weakness, deconditioning, and myopathies and neuropathies, in conjunction with respiratory care."}, {"pmid": 32460440, "title": "Digital prosthetic workflow during COVID-19 pandemic to limit infection risk in dental practice.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Papi, P", "Di Murro, B", "Penna, D", "Pompa, G"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460440", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel human coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2) causing a severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was reported in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019(Wang, Horby, Hayden, & Gao,2020; Khan, Ali, Siddique, Nabi, 2020).The infectionhas an estimated incubation period of 1-14 days and its clinical manifestations and symptoms include cough, fever and shortness of breath (Zhuet al., 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32220930, "title": "Sound Science before Quick Judgement Regarding RAS Blockade in COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Sparks, Matthew A", "South, Andrew", "Welling, Paul", "Luther, J Matt", "Cohen, Jordana", "Byrd, James Brian", "Burrell, Louise M", "Batlle, Daniel", "Tomlinson, Laurie", "Bhalla, Vivek", "Rheault, Michelle N", "Soler, Maria Jose", "Swaminathan, Sundar", "Hiremath, Swapnil"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220930", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380908, "title": "Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Treatment for Severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Stem Cells Dev", "authors": ["Sengupta, Vikram", "Sengupta, Sascha", "Lazo, Angel", "Woods, Peter", "Nolan, Anna", "Bremer, Nicholas"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380908", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This prospective nonrandomized open-label cohort study addresses the safety and efficacy of exosomes (ExoFlo\u2122) derived from allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as treatment for severe COVID-19. During April 2020, ExoFlo was provided to 24 SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction-positive patients at a single hospital center, all of whom met criteria for severe COVID-19 as well as moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Patients received a single 15\u2009mL intravenous dose of ExoFlo and were evaluated for both safety and efficacy from days 1 to 14 post-treatment. All safety endpoints were met with no adverse events observed within 72\u2009h of ExoFlo administration. A survival rate of 83% was observed. In total, 17 of 24 (71%) patients recovered, 3 of 24 (13%) patients remained critically ill though stable, and 4 of 24 (16%) patients expired for reasons unrelated to the treatment. Overall, after one treatment, patients' clinical status and oxygenation improved with an average pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2) increase of 192% (P\u2009<\u20090.001). Laboratory values revealed significant improvements in absolute neutrophil count [mean reduction 32% (P value <0.001)] and lymphopenia with average CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocyte counts increasing by 46% (P\u2009<\u20090.05), 45% (P\u2009<\u20090.05), and 46% (P\u2009<\u20090.001), respectively. Likewise, acute phase reactants declined, with mean C-reactive protein, ferritin, and D-dimer reduction of 77% (P\u2009<\u20090.001), 43% (P\u2009<\u20090.001), and 42% (P\u2009<\u20090.05), respectively. In conclusion, owing to its safety profile, capacity to restore oxygenation, downregulate cytokine storm, and reconstitute immunity, ExoFlo is a promising therapeutic candidate for severe COVID-19. Future randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to determine ExoFlo therapeutic potential."}, {"pmid": 32421703, "pmcid": "PMC7233581", "title": "Development and validation a nomogram for predicting the risk of severe COVID-19: A multi-center study in Sichuan, China.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Zhou, Yiwu", "He, Yanqi", "Yang, Huan", "Yu, He", "Wang, Ting", "Chen, Zhu", "Yao, Rong", "Liang, Zongan"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421703", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan and spread across the globe. The objective of this study is to build and validate a practical nomogram for estimating the risk of severe COVID-19. A cohort of 366 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was used to develop a prediction model using data collected from 47 locations in Sichuan province from January 2020 to February 2020. The primary outcome was the development of severe COVID-19 during hospitalization. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was used to reduce data size and select relevant features. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to build a prediction model incorporating the selected features. The performance of the nomogram regarding the C-index, calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness was assessed. Internal validation was assessed by bootstrapping. The median age of the cohort was 43 years. Severe patients were older than mild patients by a median of 6 years. Fever, cough, and dyspnea were more common in severe patients. The individualized prediction nomogram included seven predictors: body temperature at admission, cough, dyspnea, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic liver disease, and chronic kidney disease. The model had good discrimination with an area under the curve of 0.862, C-index of 0.863 (95% confidence interval, 0.801-0.925), and good calibration. A high C-index value of 0.839 was reached in the interval validation. Decision curve analysis showed that the prediction nomogram was clinically useful. We established an early warning model incorporating clinical characteristics that could be quickly obtained on admission. This model can be used to help predict severe COVID-19 and identify patients at risk of developing severe disease."}, {"pmid": 32498136, "title": "Estimate of the Basic Reproduction Number for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Alimohamadi, Yousef", "Taghdir, Maryam", "Sepandi, Mojtaba"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498136", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the main public health challenges currently facing the world. Because of its high transmissibility, COVID-19 has already caused extensive morbidity and mortality in many countries throughout the world. An accurate estimation of the basic reproduction number (R0) of COVID-19 would be beneficial for prevention programs. In light of discrepancies in original research on this issue, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled R0 for COVID-19 in the current outbreak. International databases (including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus) were searched to identify studies conducted regarding the R0 of COVID-19. Articles were searched using the following keywords: \"COVID-19\" and \"basic reproduction number\" or \"R0.\" The heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I2 index, the Cochran Q test, and T2. A random-effects model was used to estimate R0 in this study. The mean reported R0 in the identified articles was 3.38\u00b11.40, with a range of 1.90 to 6.49. According to the results of the random-effects model, the pooled R0 for COVID-19 was estimated as 3.32 (95% confidence interval, 2.81 to 3.82). According to the results of the meta-regression analysis, the type of model used to estimate R0 did not have a significant effect on heterogeneity among studies (p=0.81). Considering the estimated R0 for COVID-19, reducing the number of contacts within the population is a necessary step to control the epidemic. The estimated overall R0 was higher than the World Health Organization estimate."}, {"pmid": 32399563, "pmcid": "PMC7239135", "title": "Smoking is Associated with COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Patanavanich, Roengrudee", "Glantz, Stanton A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399563", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358134, "title": "Council business continues virtually despite Covid-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358134", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BVA Council met via online video conferencing to discuss BVA's ongoing response to the coronavirus pandemic and how veterinary work might need to change in the medium to long term as restrictions ease."}, {"pmid": 32232426, "title": "Surgical Considerations for Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak.", "journal": "JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Tay, Joshua K", "Khoo, Mark Li-Chung", "Loh, Woei Shyang"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232426", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448036, "title": "COVID-19 in the UK and Occupational Health and Safety: Predictable not Inevitable Failures by Government, and Trade Union and Nongovernmental Organization Responses.", "journal": "New Solut", "authors": ["Watterson, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448036", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This commentary examines the occupational health and safety issues faced by the UK workers in the COVID-19 pandemic, against the background of government cuts in health care and in occupational health and safety budgets, and a deregulatory climate. The UK government has been obsessed, blinkered, and distracted by the desire to leave the European Union (Brexit). The state of knowledge about the virus, especially from international agencies that identified pandemic threats and strategies to combat it, is outlined. UK politicians, government bodies, medical and scientific advisors, and employers periodically ignored or abused that knowledge. Regulatory and ministerial inaction and errors on the workplace virus risks emerged. In contrast, several trade unions, health professional bodies, and nongovernmental organizations identified COVID-19 threats from poor personal protection equipment, working practices, and knowledge gaps and offered solutions for health care workers, social care workers, production workers, and service workers in \"essential\" occupations."}, {"pmid": 32295662, "pmcid": "PMC7198465", "title": "Allocation of Scarce Resources in a Pandemic: A Systematic Review of US State Crisis Standards of Care Documents.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Romney, Douglas", "Fox, Hannah", "Carlson, Stephanie", "Bachmann, Daniel", "O'Mathuna, Donal", "Kman, Nicholas"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295662", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this systematic review was to locate and analyze United States state crisis standards of care (CSC) documents to determine their prevalence and quality. Following PRISMA guidelines, Google search for \"allocation of scarce resources\" and \"crisis standards of care (CSC)\" for each state. We analyzed the plans based on the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, which provided guidance for establishing CSC for use in disaster situations, as well as the 2014 CHEST consensus statement's 11 core topic areas. The search yielded 42 state documents, and we excluded 11 that were not CSC plans. Of the 31 included plans, 13 plans were written for an \"all hazards\" approach, while 18 were pandemic influenza specific. Eighteen had strong ethical grounding. Twenty-one plans had integrated and ongoing community and provider engagement, education, and communication. Twenty-two had assurances regarding legal authority and environment. Sixteen plans had clear indicators, triggers, and lines of responsibility. Finally, 28 had evidence-based clinical processes and operations. Five plans contained all 5 IOM elements: Arizona, Colorado, Minnesota, Nevada, and Vermont. Colorado and Minnesota have all hazards documents and processes for both adult and pediatric populations and could be considered exemplars for other states."}, {"pmid": 32251790, "pmcid": "PMC7195109", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): From causes to preventions in Hong Kong.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Law, Siukan", "Leung, Albert Wingnang", "Xu, Chuanshan"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251790", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hong Kong has been recently attacked by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). In late January 2020, it's shown a steadily increasing trend of confirmed cases. There is a 257 in total infected cases confirmed including 4 deaths until 20th of March 2020. To prevent further outbreak of COVID-19, this article discusses the current understanding of COVID-19 and compares with the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in 2003 of Hong Kong from the causes, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatments and preventions to study for an applicable measurement to control COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32501538, "title": "A comparative study on the time to achieve negative nucleic acid testing and hospital stays between Danoprevir and Lopinavir/Ritonavir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Zhicheng", "Wang, Shumei", "Tu, Xianglin", "Peng, Xuping", "Huang, Yanxia", "Wang, Li", "Ju, Weihua", "Rao, Jianfeng", "Li, Xue", "Zhu, Donghong", "Sun, Huabao", "Chen, Hongyi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501538", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019\u00a0(COVID-19) first outbroke in Wuhan city, China, and has now become a global pandemic. However, there is no specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19. This study enrolled 33 COVID-19 patients in the nineth hospital of Nanchang from January 27th to February 24th , 2020. Clinical indexes of patients upon admission/discharge were examined. Patients were divided into two groups according to different treatment plans (Danoprevir; Lopinavir/Ritonavir). The days to achieve negative nucleic acid testing and the days of hospital stays were counted and statistically analyzed. COVID-19 patients treated with Danoprevir or Lopinavir/Ritonavir were all improved and discharged. Indexes like blood routine, inflammation and immune-related indexes were significantly recovered after treatment. Additionally, under the circumstance that there was no significant difference in patients' general information between the two groups, we found that the mean time to achieve negative nucleic acid testing and hospital stays of patients treated with Danoprevir both were significantly shorter than those of patients with Lopinavir/Ritonavir. Collectively, applying Danoprevir is a good treatment plan for COVID-19 patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32339350, "pmcid": "PMC7267243", "title": "COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis.", "journal": "Mycoses", "authors": ["Koehler, Philipp", "Cornely, Oliver A", "Bottiger, Bernd W", "Dusse, Fabian", "Eichenauer, Dennis A", "Fuchs, Frieder", "Hallek, Michael", "Jung, Norma", "Klein, Florian", "Persigehl, Thorsten", "Rybniker, Jan", "Kochanek, Matthias", "Boll, Boris", "Shimabukuro-Vornhagen, Alexander"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339350", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to viral infection are at risk for secondary complications like invasive aspergillosis. Our study evaluates coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) associated invasive aspergillosis at a single centre in Cologne, Germany. A retrospective chart review of all patients with COVID-19 associated ARDS admitted to the medical or surgical intensive care unit at the University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. COVID-19 associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was found in five of 19 consecutive critically ill patients with moderate to severe ARDS. Clinicians caring for patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 should consider invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and subject respiratory samples to comprehensive analysis to detect co-infection."}, {"pmid": 32405259, "pmcid": "PMC7217782", "title": "How to carry out and interpret EEG recordings in COVID-19 patients in ICU?", "journal": "Clin Neurophysiol", "authors": ["Gelisse, Philippe", "Rossetti, Andrea O", "Genton, Pierre", "Crespel, Arielle", "Kaplan, Peter W"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405259", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are questions and challenges regarding neurologic complications in COVID-19 patients. EEG is a safe and efficient tool for the evaluation of brain function, even in the context of COVID-19. However, EEG technologists should not be put in danger if obtaining an EEG does not significantly advance diagnosis or change management in the patient. Not every neurologic problem stems from a primary brain injury: confusion, impaired consciousness that evolves to stupor and coma, and headaches are frequent in hypercapnic/hypoxic encephalopathies. In patients with chronic pulmonary disorders, acute symptomatic seizures have been reported in acute respiratory failure in 6%. The clinician should be aware of the various EEG patterns in hypercapnic/hypoxic and anoxic (post-cardiac arrest syndrome) encephalopathies as well as encephalitides. In this emerging pandemic of infectious disease, reduced EEG montages using single-use subdermal EEG needle electrodes may be used in comatose patients. A full 10-20 EEG complement of electrodes with an ECG derivation remains the standard. Under COVID-19 conditions, an expedited study that adequately screens for generalized status epilepticus, most types of regional status epilepticus, encephalopathy or sleep may serve for most clinical questions, using simplified montages may limit the risk of infection to EEG technologists. We recommend noting whether the patient is undergoing or has been placed prone, as well as noting the body and head position during the EEG recording (supine versus prone) to avoid overinterpretation of respiratory, head movement, electrode, muscle or other artifacts. There is slight elevation of intracranial pressure in the prone position. In non-comatose patients, the hyperventilation procedure should be avoided. At present, non-specific EEG findings and abnormalities should not be considered as being specific for COVID-19 related encephalopathy."}, {"pmid": 32437675, "pmcid": "PMC7211729", "title": "Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Complicated by COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Martens, Thomas", "VandeWeygaerde, Yannick", "Vermassen, Joris", "Malfait, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437675", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A patient underwent surgery for acute type A aortic dissection. SARS- CoV-2 was positive. The postoperative course was complicated by a mixed viral/bacterial pneumonia with bilateral infiltration, treated with antibiotics and hydroxychloroquine, without any need for reintubation. The patient recovered and finally could be dismissed. This report shows feasibility for surgical treatment of acute aortic disease in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32429702, "title": "Telemedicine Consultations and Diabetes Technology During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Norgaard, Kirsten"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429702", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207808, "title": "US Emergency Legal Responses to Novel Coronavirus: Balancing Public Health and Civil Liberties.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Gostin, Lawrence O", "Hodge, James G Jr"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207808", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32118641, "title": "From severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus to 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak: similarities in the early epidemics and prediction of future trends.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Chen, Ze-Liang", "Zhang, Wen-Jun", "Lu, Yi", "Guo, Cheng", "Guo, Zhong-Min", "Liao, Cong-Hui", "Zhang, Xi", "Zhang, Yi", "Han, Xiao-Hu", "Li, Qian-Lin", "Lu, Jia-Hai"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118641", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300968, "pmcid": "PMC7160611", "title": "Prevention and control measures in radiology department for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Ding, Jinli", "Fu, Haihong", "Liu, Yaou", "Gao, Jianbo", "Li, Zhenlin", "Zhao, Xin", "Zheng, Junhui", "Sun, Wenge", "Ni, Hongyan", "Ma, Xinwu", "Feng, Ji", "Wu, Aiqin", "Liu, Jie", "Wang, Yun", "Geng, Pengfei", "Chen, Yong"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300968", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since a novel coronavirus was discovered from a cluster of patients with emerging pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China, it has spread rapidly through droplet and contact transmission. Recently, the novel coronavirus pneumonia which was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) has been raised as a worldwide problem. Radiological examinations were confirmed as effective methods for the screening and diagnosis of COVID-19. It is reported that some radiologists and radiological technologists were infected when giving examinations to the patients with COVID-19. In order to reduce the infection risk of medical staff in radiology department, we summarized the experience on prevention and control measures in radiology department for COVID-19, aiming to guide the prevention and practical work for radiologists and radiological technologists. KEY POINTS: \u2022 The novel coronavirus spreads rapidly through droplet and contact transmission. \u2022 Radiologists and radiological technologists were possibly infected by patients. \u2022 Prevention and control measures in radiology department for COVID-19 are important."}, {"pmid": 32292686, "pmcid": "PMC7139198", "title": "Coronavirus: Update Related to the Current Outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis Ther", "authors": ["Gabutti, Giovanni", "d'Anchera, Erica", "Sandri, Federica", "Savio, Marta", "Stefanati, Armando"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292686", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, some cases of viral pneumonia were epidemiologically related to a new coronavirus in the province of Hubei, China. Subsequently, there has been an increase in infections attributable to this virus throughout China and worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially named the infection coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the virus has been classified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\u00a0(SARS-CoV-2). This appears to be a virus from Rhinolophus bats, but the intermediate host has not yet been identified. The mechanism of infection of SARS-CoV-2 is not yet known; it appears to have affinity for cells located in the lower airways, where it replicates. The interhuman transmission of coronaviruses mainly occurs through saliva droplets and direct and indirect contact via surfaces. As of March 10, 2020, the number of cases worldwide was 113,702. Along with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 appears to cause a severe clinical picture in humans, ranging from mild malaise to death by sepsis/acute respiratory distress syndrome. The prognosis is worse in elderly patients with comorbidities. To date, there is no specific therapy for COVID-19. Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection implies strategies that limit the spread of the virus. WHO and other international and national bodies have developed continuously updated strategic objectives and provisions to contain the spread of the virus and infection."}, {"pmid": 32352569, "pmcid": "PMC7267132", "title": "The Adaptation of Management of Chronic Migraine Patients With Medication Overuse to the Suspension of Treatment Protocols During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons From a Tertiary Headache Center in Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Grazzi, Licia", "Rizzoli, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352569", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425274, "pmcid": "PMC7229949", "title": "Effects of age and sex on recovery from COVID-19: Analysis of 5769 Israeli patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Voinsky, Irena", "Baristaite, Gabriele", "Gurwitz, David"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425274", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302077, "pmcid": "PMC7182016", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Pregnant Women with Covid-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Chen, Lian", "Li, Qin", "Zheng, Danni", "Jiang, Hai", "Wei, Yuan", "Zou, Li", "Feng, Ling", "Xiong, Guoping", "Sun, Guoqiang", "Wang, Haibo", "Zhao, Yangyu", "Qiao, Jie"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302077", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270559, "pmcid": "PMC7262150", "title": "Cardiac and arrhythmic complications in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Kochi, Adriano Nunes", "Tagliari, Ana Paula", "Forleo, Giovanni Battista", "Fassini, Gaetano Michele", "Tondo, Claudio"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270559", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the world started to face a new pandemic situation, the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although coronavirus disease (COVID-19) clinical manifestations are mainly respiratory, major cardiac complications are being reported. Cardiac manifestations etiology seems to be multifactorial, comprising direct viral myocardial damage, hypoxia, hypotension, enhanced inflammatory status, ACE2-receptors downregulation, drug toxicity, endogenous catecholamine adrenergic status, among others. Studies evaluating patients with COVID-19 presenting cardiac injury markers show that it is associated with poorer outcomes, and arrhythmic events are not uncommon. Besides, drugs currently used to treat the COVID-19 are known to prolong the QT interval and can have a proarrhythmic propensity. This review focus on COVID-19 cardiac and arrhythmic manifestations and, in parallel, makes an appraisal of other virus epidemics as SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and H1N1 influenza."}, {"pmid": 32448629, "pmcid": "PMC7241975", "title": "The care of patients through the lens of the fundamentals into times of the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Intensive Crit Care Nurs", "authors": ["Danielis, Matteo", "Mattiussi, Elisa"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448629", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350686, "pmcid": "PMC7189176", "title": "Anti COVID-19 Drugs: Need for More Clinical Evidence and Global Action.", "journal": "Adv Ther", "authors": ["Khan, Zakir", "Karatas, Yusuf", "Rahman, Hazir"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350686", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) called the outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) a \"Public Health Emergency of International Concern\" (PHEIC). According to the WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), currently there are no medicines or vaccines that have been claimed to be useful in the prevention or treatment of COVID-19. Several existing antiviral drugs, previously developed or used as treatments for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and malaria, are being investigated as COVID-19 treatments and some of them are being used in clinical trials. According to the CDC and Chinese treatment guidelines for COVID-19, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and one of the investigational agents (remdesivir) are recommended in critically ill older patients. The use of other potential drugs reported in different studies may be considered if treatment with first-line drugs is ineffective. There are currently no complete data available from large randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to provide clinical guidance on the use, dosing, or duration to validate the effective role, safety profile, and adverse effects of all of the trial drugs for prophylaxis or treatment of COVID-19. Until now, it is still unclear which drug can successfully fight against the disease. Therefore, for the better safety of patients with COVID-19, further clinical trials and large randomized controlled studies are needed to validate the effective role, safety profile, and adverse effects of all the potential drugs. Such a measure requires action at the global level."}, {"pmid": 32362782, "pmcid": "PMC7189631", "title": "[Latest information on COVID-19 on one platform-for all journals].", "journal": "Notf Rett Med", "authors": ["Wolff, I"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362782", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396251, "pmcid": "PMC7262015", "title": "Dermatologic treatments in the era of COVID-19 pandemic-Data and Hypothesis.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Kroumpouzos, George", "Szepietowski, Jacek C", "Lotti, Torello", "Sandhu, Sunmeet"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345750, "title": "Impending Shortages of Kidney Replacement Therapy for COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Goldfarb, David S", "Benstein, Judith A", "Zhdanova, Olga", "Hammer, Elizabeth", "Block, Clay A", "Caplin, Nina J", "Thompson, Nathan", "Charytan, David M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345750", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393767, "pmcid": "PMC7212840", "title": "COVID-19: Screening and triage challenges in people with disability due to Spinal Cord Injury.", "journal": "Spinal Cord Ser Cases", "authors": ["Korupolu, Radha", "Stampas, Argyrios", "Gibbons, Carlee", "Hernandez Jimenez, Isaac", "Skelton, Felicia", "Verduzco-Gutierrez, Monica"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393767", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that emerged in the Chinese city of Wuhan has rapidly become a global public health pandemic. As of March 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has described priority levels for testing patients with suspected COVID-19 and information on when to seek medical attention. However, there is a paucity of further guidance for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) who may not present with typical symptoms of COVID-19 due to altered physiology. This may pose challenges with surveillance, risk stratification, and initial management of this vulnerable population. In this point-counterpoint discussion, we outline important differences in presentation along with COVID-19 cases co-morbid with SCI."}, {"pmid": 32392759, "title": "Marine Algal Antioxidants as Potential Vectors for Controlling Viral Diseases.", "journal": "Antioxidants (Basel)", "authors": ["Sansone, Clementina", "Brunet, Christophe", "Noonan, Douglas M", "Albini, Adriana"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392759", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 epidemic expands in the world, and with the previous SARS epidemic, avian flu, Ebola and AIDS serving as a warning, biomedical and biotechnological research has the task to find solutions to counteract viral entry and pathogenesis. A novel approach can come from marine chemodiversity, recognized as a relevant source for developing a future natural \"antiviral pharmacy\". Activities of antioxidants against viruses can be exploited to cope with human viral infection, from single individual infections to protection of populations. There is a potentially rich and fruitful reservoir of such compounds thanks to the plethora of bioactive molecules and families present in marine microorganisms. The aim of this communication is to present the state-of-play of what is known on the antiviral activities recognized in (micro)algae, highlighting the different molecules from various algae and their mechanisms of actions, when known. Given the ability of various algal molecules-mainly sulfated polysaccharides-to inhibit viral infection at Stage I (adsorption and invasion of cells), we envisage a need to further investigate the antiviral ability of algae, and their mechanisms of action. Given the advantages of microalgal production compared to other organisms, the opportunity might become reality in a short period of time."}, {"pmid": 32414390, "pmcid": "PMC7226718", "title": "Emergency trauma care during the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China.", "journal": "World J Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Li, Yang", "Zeng, Ling", "Li, Zhanfei", "Mao, Qingxiang", "Liu, Ding", "Zhang, Letian", "Zhang, Huayu", "Xie, Yu", "Liu, Guo", "Gan, Xiaoqin", "Yang, Fan", "Zhou, Siru", "Ai, Shanmu", "Tang, Hao", "Zhong, Qiu", "Lu, Hongxiang", "Zhang, Huacai", "Talmy, Tomer", "Zhang, Weiguo", "Chen, Liyong", "Bai, Xiangjun", "Jiang, Jianxin", "Zhang, Lianyang"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414390", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, in December 2019; the outbreak was caused by a novel coronavirus previously never observed in humans. China has imposed the strictest quarantine and closed management measures in history to control the spread of the disease. However, a high level of evidence to support the surgical management of potential trauma patients during the novel coronavirus outbreak is still lacking. To regulate the emergency treatment of trauma patients during the outbreak, we drafted this paper from a trauma surgeon perspective according to practical experience in Wuhan. The article illustrates the general principles for the triage and evaluation of trauma patients during the outbreak of COVID-19, indications for emergency surgery, and infection prevention and control for medical personnel, providing a practical algorithm for trauma care providers during the outbreak period. The measures of emergency trauma care that we have provided can protect the medical personnel involved in emergency care and ensure the timeliness of effective interventions during the outbreak of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32243950, "pmcid": "PMC7271150", "title": "Active surveillance for suspected COVID-19 cases in inpatients with information technology.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Lin, C-Y", "Cheng, C-H", "Lu, P-L", "Shih, D-C", "Hung, C-T", "Lo, H-H", "Tsai, M-J", "Hung, J-Y"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362357, "pmcid": "PMC7184008", "title": "Patients with MS treated with immunosuppressive agents: Across the COVID-19 spectrum.", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["Louapre, C", "Maillart, E", "Roux, T", "Pourcher, V", "Bussone, G", "Lubetzki, C", "Papeix, C"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362357", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472466, "pmcid": "PMC7256333", "title": "Rheumatology Care in the Face of COVID-19.", "journal": "Rheumatol Ther", "authors": ["Lubrano, Ennio", "Scriffignano, Silvia", "Perrotta, Fabio Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472466", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462701, "title": "Animal models of mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pathology.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Cleary, Simon J", "Pitchford, Simon C", "Amison, Richard T", "Carrington, Robert", "Robaina Cabrera, C Lorena", "Magnen, Melia", "Looney, Mark R", "Gray, Elaine", "Page, Clive P"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462701", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections has led to substantial unmet need for treatments, many of which will require testing in appropriate animal models of this disease. Vaccine trials are already underway, but there remains an urgent need to find other therapeutic approaches to either target SARS-CoV-2 or the complications arising from viral infection, particularly the dysregulated immune response and systemic complications which have been associated with progression to severe COVID-19. At the time of writing, in vivo studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described using macaques, cats, ferrets, hamsters, and transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). These infection models have already been useful for studies of transmission and immunity, but to date only partially model the mechanisms implicated in human severe COVID-19. There is therefore an urgent need for development of animal models for improved evaluation of efficacy of drugs identified as having potential in the treatment of severe COVID-19. These models need to recapitulate key mechanisms of COVID-19 severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and reproduce the immunopathology and systemic sequelae associated with this disease. Here, we review the current models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related disease mechanisms and suggest ways in which animal models can be adapted to increase their usefulness in research into COVID-19 pathogenesis and for assessing potential treatments."}, {"pmid": 32322111, "pmcid": "PMC7175824", "title": "[Coronavirus pandemic-Memories of the flu epidemic from 1918 from a gynecological and obstetric perspective].", "journal": "Gynakologe", "authors": ["Ludwig, Hans"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322111", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From the medical reports on the flu epidemic in 1918, there is accordance with the present-day corona pandemic. The symptoms, course and outcome all seem to show parallels. Pregnant women in the last trimester are to be classified as being particularly vulnerable. Physicians in several disciplines, e.g. gynecology, general medicine and internal medicine are equally called upon to be particularly vigilant."}, {"pmid": 32169400, "pmcid": "PMC7127395", "title": "Cardiac troponin I in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from a meta-analysis.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Lavie, Carl J", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169400", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275124, "pmcid": "PMC7262259", "title": "Handling and Processing of Blood Specimens from Patients with COVID-19 for Safe Studies on Cell Phenotype and Cytokine Storm.", "journal": "Cytometry A", "authors": ["Cossarizza, Andrea", "Gibellini, Lara", "De Biasi, Sara", "Lo Tartaro, Domenico", "Mattioli, Marco", "Paolini, Annamaria", "Fidanza, Lucia", "Bellinazzi, Caterina", "Borella, Rebecca", "Castaniere, Ivana", "Meschiari, Marianna", "Sita, Marco", "Manco, Gianrocco", "Clini, Enrico", "Gelmini, Roberta", "Girardis, Massimo", "Guaraldi, Giovanni", "Mussini, Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275124", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 heavily involves all those working in a laboratory. Samples from known infected patients or donors who are considered healthy can arrive, and a colleague might be asymptomatic but able to transmit the virus. Working in a clinical laboratory is posing several safety challenges. Few years ago, International Society for Advancement of Cytometry published guidelines to safely analyze and sort human samples that were revised in these days. We describe the procedures that we have been following since the first patient appeared in Italy, which have only slightly modified our standard one, being all human samples associated with risks. \u00a9 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry."}, {"pmid": 32317036, "pmcid": "PMC7184139", "title": "Bacterial and fungal infections in COVID-19 patients: A matter of concern.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Zhou, Pengcheng", "Liu, Zhenguo", "Chen, Yuhua", "Xiao, Yinzong", "Huang, Xun", "Fan, Xue-Gong"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317036", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497248, "title": "Pulmonary Artery Thrombectomy - A Life Saving Treatment in a Patient with Presumed COVID-19 complicated by a massive Pulmonary Embolus.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Carlsson, Tarryn Lee", "Walton, Benjamin", "Collin, Graham"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497248", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To our knowledge, we report the first case of percutaneous pulmonary thrombectomy and catheter directed thrombolysis for massive pulmonary embolism (PE) in a patient with presumed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Standard treatments of anticoagulation and systemic thrombolysis were unsuccessful and the patient continued to deteriorate. Percutaneous pulmonary thrombectomy and locally delivered thrombolysis was a life-saving treatment; the patient continues to improve and is currently being nursed on a standard ward. This report highlights the diagnostic challenge of COVID-19 due to the low sensitivity of the nasopharyngeal swab test and the importance of imaging in managing patients with Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP). Additionally, it emphasises the need for interventional radiologists and haematologists to work alongside our critical care colleagues to deliver life-saving treatment in this fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32451112, "pmcid": "PMC7251236", "title": "Race for a COVID-19 vaccine.", "journal": "EBioMedicine", "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451112", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422529, "pmcid": "PMC7212990", "title": "Post SARS-CoV-2 Guillain-Barre syndrome.", "journal": "Clin Neurophysiol", "authors": ["Arnaud, Souraya", "Budowski, Clara", "Ng Wing Tin, Sophie", "Degos, Bertrand"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422529", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332033, "title": "Covid-19: Health Education England shares advice for trainees.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332033", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32100877, "pmcid": "PMC7228221", "title": "Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Zhixin", "Xiao, Xiao", "Wei, Xiuli", "Li, Jian", "Yang, Jing", "Tan, Huabing", "Zhu, Jianyong", "Zhang, Qiwei", "Wu, Jianguo", "Liu, Long"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100877", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From the beginning of 2002 and 2012, severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) crossed the species barriers to infect humans, causing thousands of infections and hundreds of deaths, respectively. Currently, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which has become the cause of the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), was discovered. Until 18 February 2020, there were 72\u2009533 confirmed COVID-19 cases (including 10\u2009644 severe cases) and 1872 deaths in China. SARS-CoV-2 is spreading among the public and causing substantial burden due to its human-to-human transmission. However, the intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 is still unclear. Finding the possible intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 is imperative to prevent further spread of the epidemic. In this study, we used systematic comparison and analysis to predict the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of coronavirus spike protein and the host receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The interaction between the key amino acids of S protein RBD and ACE2 indicated that, other than pangolins and snakes, as previously suggested, turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii, Chelonia mydas, and Pelodiscus sinensis) may act as the potential intermediate hosts transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to humans."}, {"pmid": 32345570, "pmcid": "PMC7177064", "title": "Head and neck cancer care in the COVID-19 pandemic: A brief update.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Yuen, Erick", "Fote, Gianna", "Horwich, Peter", "Nguyen, Shaun A", "Patel, Rusha", "Davies, Joel", "Houlton, Jeffrey", "Nathan, Cherie-Ann", "St John, Maie", "Day, Terry"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345570", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519322, "title": "Self-Reported Loss of Smell and Taste in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: Primary Care Data to Guide Future Early Detection Strategies.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Tudrej, Benoit", "Sebo, Paul", "Lourdaux, Julie", "Cuzin, Clara", "Floquet, Martin", "Haller, Dagmar M", "Maisonneuve, Hubert"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519322", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387334, "pmcid": "PMC7200388", "title": "The Forrest Gump approach to preventing severe COVID-19 - reverse the predisposing pro-inflammatory state with exercise.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Kenyon, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387334", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420927, "title": "AOU Policlinico di Bari - West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Global experience of medical profession, battle, health, friendship against COVID -19.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Carlucci, Matilde", "Carpagnano, Lucia Federica", "Serrone, Nicola", "Dimatteo, Tiziana", "Migliore, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420927", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global context we are experiencing, characterized by the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV2, imposes strict containment, isolation and physical distance measures, necessary to control and contain the risk of contagion. Despite social distances and isolation in this context of threat to Global Health, the sharing of experiences, professionalism, scientific research and Public Health strategies is fundamental. Never before has telemedicine played a decisive role in supporting the healthcare organization, The University Hospital Consortium Policlinico of Bari has launched an experimental partnership project with West China Hospital of Sichuan University through periodic and scheduled video conferences. The Company Strategic Management, the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Bari, Medical Executives of the Health Department, of the U.O of Infectious Diseases, Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Pulmonology, Emergency, Hygiene, Occupational Medicine, Psychiatry and Doctors Resident operating in the COVID Area. are involved in the Experimental Project., all adequately trained and instructed on the operating protocol. From the preliminary data of this study, it appears that the Bari Polyclinic has adopted the same therapeutic strategies started in China in the previous months, believing early diagnosis and treatment to be a strength in the battle against COVID-19. The project makes it possible to make the management of COVID-19 patients optimal, safe and better, using the experience acquired in the field by Chinese doctors who, first caught by this health emergency, have obtained positive results."}, {"pmid": 32383802, "pmcid": "PMC7267460", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 in the diagnosis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.", "journal": "Depress Anxiety", "authors": ["Fontenelle, Leonardo F", "Miguel, Euripedes C"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383802", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247927, "pmcid": "PMC7151266", "title": "Remdesivir for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing COVID-19: An evaluation of the evidence.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cao, Yu-Chen", "Deng, Qi-Xin", "Dai, Shi-Xue"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247927", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus infection that initially found at the end of 2019 has attracted great attention. So far, the number of infectious cases has increased globally to more than 100 thousand and the outbreak has been defined as a pandemic situation, but there are still no \"specific drug\" available. Relevant reports have pointed out the novel coronavirus has 80% homology with SARS. In the difficulty where new synthesized drug cannot be applied immediately to patients, \"conventional drug in new use\" becomes a feasible solution. The first medication experience of the recovered patients in the US has led remdesivir to be the \"specific drug\". China has also taken immediate action to put remdesivir into clinical trials with the purpose of applying it into clinical therapeutics for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We started from the structure, immunogenicity, and pathogenesis of coronavirus infections of the novel coronavirus. Further, we analyzed the pharmacological actions and previous trials of remdesivir to identify the feasibility of conducting experiments on COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32291208, "pmcid": "PMC7144609", "title": "Clinical and surgical consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for patients with pediatric urological problems: Statement of the EAU guidelines panel for paediatric urology, March 30 2020.", "journal": "J Pediatr Urol", "authors": ["Quaedackers, Josine S L T", "Stein, Raimund", "Bhatt, Nikita", "Dogan, Hasan Serkan", "Hoen, Lisette", "Nijman, Rien J M", "Radmayr, Christian", "Silay, Mesrur Selcuk", "Tekgul, Serdar", "Bogaert, Guy"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291208", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19-pandemic forces hospitals to reorganize into a dual patient flow system. Healthcare professionals are forced to make decisions in patient prioritization throughout specialties. Most pediatric urology pathologies do not require immediate or urgent care, however, delay may compromise future renal function or fertility. Contact with patients and parents, either physical in safe conditions or by (video)telephone must continue. The Paediatric-Urology-Guidelines-panel of the EAU proposes recommendations on prioritization of care. Pediatric-Urology program directors must ensure education, safety and attention for mental health of staff. Upon resumption of care, adequate prioritization must ensure minimal impact on outcome."}, {"pmid": 32273607, "title": "Virological assessment of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Stower, Hannah"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273607", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363338, "pmcid": "PMC7195358", "title": "Hemodialysis and COVID-19: An Achilles' Heel in the Pandemic Health Care Response in the United States.", "journal": "Kidney Med", "authors": ["Weiner, Daniel E", "Watnick, Suzanne G"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363338", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32111645, "title": "Covid-19: preparedness, decentralisation, and the hunt for patient zero.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Carinci, Fabrizio"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32111645", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388613, "pmcid": "PMC7211048", "title": "When nuclear medicine radiological protection meets biological COVID-19 protection.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Vigne, Jonathan", "Aide, Nicolas", "Peyronnet, Damien", "Nganoa, Catherine", "Agostini, Denis", "Barbey, Pierre"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388613", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32104907, "pmcid": "PMC7217143", "title": "A systematic review of lopinavir therapy for SARS coronavirus and MERS coronavirus-A possible reference for coronavirus disease-19 treatment option.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yao, Tian-Tian", "Qian, Jian-Dan", "Zhu, Wen-Yan", "Wang, Yan", "Wang, Gui-Qiang"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32104907", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the past few decades, coronaviruses have risen as a global threat to public health. Currently, the outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) from Wuhan caused a worldwide panic. There are no specific antiviral therapies for COVID-19. However, there are agents that were used during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) epidemics. We could learn from SARS and MERS. Lopinavir (LPV) is an effective agent that inhibits the protease activity of coronavirus. In this review, we discuss the literature on the efficacy of LPV in vitro and in vivo, especially in patients with SARS and MERS, so that we might clarify the potential for the use of LPV in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32457131, "title": "Burnout in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Launer, John"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457131", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251003, "title": "Lung transplantation as therapeutic option in acute respiratory distress syndrome for COVID-19-related pulmonary fibrosis.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Chen, Jing-Yu", "Qiao, Kun", "Liu, Feng", "Wu, Bo", "Xu, Xin", "Jiao, Guo-Qing", "Lu, Rong-Guo", "Li, Hui-Xing", "Zhao, Jin", "Huang, Jian", "Yang, Yi", "Lu, Xiao-Jie", "Li, Jia-Shu", "Jiang, Shu-Yun", "Wang, Da-Peng", "Hu, Chun-Xiao", "Wang, Gui-Long", "Huang, Dong-Xiao", "Jiao, Guo-Hui", "Wei, Dong", "Ye, Shu-Gao", "Huang, Jian-An", "Zhou, Li", "Zhang, Xiao-Qin", "He, Jian-Xing"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251003", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Critical patients with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), even those whose nucleic acid test results had turned negative and those receiving maximal medical support, have been noted to progress to irreversible fatal respiratory failure. Lung transplantation (LT) as the sole therapy for end-stage pulmonary fibrosis related to acute respiratory distress syndrome has been considered as the ultimate rescue therapy for these patients. From February 10 to March 10, 2020, three male patients were urgently assessed and listed for transplantation. After conducting a full ethical review and after obtaining assent from the family of the patients, we performed three LT procedures for COVID-19 patients with illness durations of >1 month and extremely high sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores. Two of the three recipients survived post-LT and started participating in a rehabilitation program. Pearls of the LT team collaboration and perioperative logistics were summarized and continually improved. The pathological results of the explanted lungs were concordant with the critical clinical manifestation, and provided insight towards better understanding of the disease. Government health affair systems, virology detection tools, and modern communication technology all play key roles towards the survival of the patients and their rehabilitation. Lung transplantation can be performed in end-stage patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19-related pulmonary fibrosis. If confirmed positive-turned-negative virology status without organ dysfunction, LT provided the final option for these patients to avoid certain death, with proper protection of transplant surgeons and medical staffs. By ensuring instant seamless care for both patients and medical teams, the goal of reducing the mortality rate and salvaging the lives of patients with COVID-19 can be attained."}, {"pmid": 32411337, "pmcid": "PMC7221389", "title": "Transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Dent Sci", "authors": ["Patel, Jay"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411337", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442259, "title": "Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors impact on COVID-19 mortality: What's next for ACE2?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Patel, Ankit B", "Verma, Ashish"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442259", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418730, "pmcid": "PMC7204701", "title": "\"Off-label\" use of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir-ritonavir and chloroquine in COVID-19: A survey of cardiac adverse drug reactions by the French Network of Pharmacovigilance Centers.", "journal": "Therapie", "authors": ["Gerard, Alexandre", "Romani, Serena", "Fresse, Audrey", "Viard, Delphine", "Parassol, Nadege", "Granvuillemin, Aurelie", "Chouchana, Laurent", "Rocher, Fanny", "Drici, Milou-Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418730", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an unprecedented challenge for physicians and scientists. Several publicized drugs are being used with not much evidence of their efficacy such as hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin or lopinavir-ritonavir. Yet, the cardiac safety of these drugs in COVID-19 deserves scrutiny as they are known to foster cardiac adverse ADRs, notably QTc interval prolongation on the electrocardiogram and its arrhythmogenic consequences. Since March 27th, 2020, the French Pharmacovigilance Network directed all cardiac adverse drug reactions associated with \"off-label\" use of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and lopinavir-ritonavir in COVID-19 to the Nice Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance. Each Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance first assessed causality of drugs. We performed a specific analysis of these cardiac adverse drug reactions amidst an array of risk factors, reassessed the electrocardiograms and estimated their incidence in coronavirus disease 2019. In one month, 120 reports of cardiac adverse drug reactions have been notified, 103 of which associated with hydroxychloroquine alone (86%), or associated with azithromycin (60%). Their estimated incidence is 0.77% to 1.54% of all patients, notwithstanding strong underreporting. Lopinavir-ritonavir came third with 17 reports (14%) and chloroquine fourth with 3 reports (2.5%). There were 8 sudden, unexplained or aborted deaths (7%), 8 ventricular arrhythmias (7%), 90 reports of prolonged QTc (75%) most of them \"serious\" (64%), 48 of which proved \u2265 500ms, 20 reports of severe conduction disorders (17%) and 5 reports of other cardiac causes (4%). Six reports derived from automedication. \"Off-label\" use of treatments in COVID-19 increases the risk of cardiac ADRs, some of them avoidable. Even if these drugs are perceived as familiar, they are used in patients with added risk factors caused by infection. Precautions should be taken to mitigate the risk, even if they will be proven efficacious."}, {"pmid": 32040667, "pmcid": "PMC7079862", "title": "Critical care management of adults with community-acquired severe respiratory viral infection.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Arabi, Yaseen M", "Fowler, Robert", "Hayden, Frederick G"], "date": "2020-02-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32040667", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the expanding use of molecular assays, viral pathogens are increasingly recognized among critically ill adult patients with community-acquired severe respiratory illness; studies have detected respiratory viral infections (RVIs) in 17-53% of such patients. In addition, novel pathogens including zoonotic coronaviruses like the agents causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019 nCoV) are still being identified. Patients with severe RVIs requiring ICU care present typically with hypoxemic respiratory failure. Oseltamivir is the most widely used neuraminidase inhibitor for treatment of influenza; data suggest that early use is associated with reduced mortality in critically ill patients with influenza. At present, there are no antiviral therapies of proven efficacy for other severe RVIs. Several adjunctive pharmacologic interventions have been studied for their immunomodulatory effects, including macrolides, corticosteroids, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, sirolimus, statins, anti-influenza immune plasma, and vitamin C, but none is recommended at present in severe RVIs. Evidence-based supportive care is the mainstay for management of severe respiratory viral infection. Non-invasive ventilation in patients with severe RVI causing acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and pneumonia is associated with a high likelihood of transition to invasive ventilation. Limited existing knowledge highlights the need for data regarding supportive care and adjunctive pharmacologic therapy that is specific for critically ill patients with severe RVI. There is a need for more pragmatic and efficient designs to test different therapeutics both individually and in combination."}, {"pmid": 32294503, "pmcid": "PMC7152867", "title": "Clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women suspected of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Yang, Hui", "Sun, Guoqiang", "Tang, Fei", "Peng, Min", "Gao, Ying", "Peng, Jing", "Xie, Hui", "Zhao, Yun", "Jin, Zhichun"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294503", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic. Under such circumstance pregnant women are also affected significantly. This study aims to observe the clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women who have been confirmed with COVID-19. The research objects were 55 cases of suspected COVID-19 pregnant women who gave a birth from Jan 20th 2020 to Mar 5th 2020 in our hospital-a big birth center delivering about 30,000 babies in the last 3 years. These cases were subjected to pulmonary CT scan and routine blood test, manifested symptoms of fever, cough, chest tightness or gastrointestinal symptoms. They were admitted to an isolated suite, with clinical features and newborn babies being carefully observed. Among the 55 cases, 13 patients were assigned into the confirmed COVID-19 group for being tested positive sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) via maternal throat swab test, and the other 42 patients were assigned into the control group for being ruled out COVID-19 pneumonia based on new coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control program(the 7th edition). There were 2 fever patients during the prenatal period and 8 fever patients during the postpartum period in the confirmed COVID-19 group. In contrast, there were 11 prenatal fever patients and 20 postpartum fever patients in the control group (p>0.05). Among 55 cases, only 2 case had cough in the confirmed group. The imaging of pulmonary CT scan showed ground- glass opacity (46.2%, 6/13), patch-like shadows(38.5%, 5/13), fiber shadow(23.1%, 3/13), pleural effusion (38.5%, 5/13)and pleural thickening(7.7%, 1/13), and there was no statistical difference between the confirmed COVID-19 group and the control group (p>0.05). During the prenatal and postpartum period, there was no difference in the count of WBC, Neutrophils and Lymphocyte, the radio of Neutrophils and Lymphocyte and the level of CRP between the confirmed COVID-19 group and the control group(p<0.05). 20 babies (from confirmed mother and from normal mother) were subjected to SARS-CoV-2 examination by throat swab samples in 24\u00a0h after birth and no case was tested positive. The clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators are not obvious for asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 pregnant women. Pulmonary CT scan plus blood routine examination are more suitable for finding pregnancy women with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 infection, and can be used screening COVID-19 pregnant women in the outbreak area of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32272857, "pmcid": "PMC7249458", "title": "Role of Tissue Engineering in COVID-19 and Future Viral Outbreaks.", "journal": "Tissue Eng Part A", "authors": ["Tatara, Alexander M"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272857", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the current novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as other viral outbreaks in the 21st century, there is a dire need for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to combat infectious diseases worldwide. As a convergence science, tissue engineering has traditionally focused on the application of engineering principles to biological systems, collaboration across disciplines, and rapid translation of technologies from the benchtop to the bedside. Given these strengths, tissue engineers are particularly well suited to apply their skill set to the current crisis and viral outbreaks in general. This work introduces the basics of virology and epidemiology for tissue engineers, and highlights important developments in the field of tissue engineering relevant to the current pandemic, including in vitro model systems, vaccine technology, and small-molecule drug delivery. COVID-19 serves as a call to arms for scientists across all disciplines, and tissue engineers are well trained to be leaders and contributors in this time of need. Impact statement Given the steep mortality caused by the recent novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, there is clear need for advances in diagnostics and therapeutics for viral outbreaks. Tissue engineering has the potential for critical impact on clinical outcomes in viral outbreaks. Tissue engineers, if mobilized, could play key roles as leaders in the outbreak, given their ability to apply engineering principles to biological processes, experience in collaborative environments, and penchant for technological translation from benchtop to bedside. In this work, three areas pioneered by tissue engineers that could be applied to the current COVID-19 crisis and future viral outbreaks are highlighted."}, {"pmid": 32267833, "pmcid": "PMC7185114", "title": "Does comorbidity increase the risk of patients with COVID-19: evidence from meta-analysis.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Wang, Bolin", "Li, Ruobao", "Lu, Zhong", "Huang, Yan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267833", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the number of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased rapidly, but relationship between comorbidity and patients with COVID-19 still not clear. The aim was to explore whether the presence of common comorbidities increases COVID-19 patients' risk. A literature search was performed using the electronic platforms (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and other databases) to obtain relevant research studies published up to March 1, 2020. Relevant data of research endpoints in each study were extracted and merged. All data analysis was performed using Stata12.0 software. A total of 1558 patients with COVID-19 in 6 studies were enrolled in our meta-analysis eventually. Hypertension (OR: 2.29, P<0.001), diabetes (OR: 2.47, P<0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR: 5.97, P<0.001), cardiovascular disease (OR: 2.93, P<0.001), and cerebrovascular disease (OR:3.89, P=0.002)were independent risk factors associated with COVID-19 patients. The meta-analysis revealed no correlation between increased risk of COVID-19 and liver disease, malignancy, or renal disease. Hypertension, diabetes, COPD, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease are major risk factors for patients with COVID-19. Knowledge of these risk factors can be a resource for clinicians in the early appropriate medical management of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32345579, "pmcid": "PMC7222577", "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes.", "journal": "BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care", "authors": ["Yan, Yongli", "Yang, Yan", "Wang, Fen", "Ren, Huihui", "Zhang, Shujun", "Shi, Xiaoli", "Yu, Xuefeng", "Dong, Kun"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345579", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study explores the clinical characteristics of patients with diabetes with severe covid-19, and the association of diabetes with survival duration in patients with severe covid-19. In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 193 patients with severe covid-19 were collected. 48 patients with severe covid-19 had diabetes, and 145 patients (ie, the controls) did not have diabetes. A severe case was defined as including at least one of the following criteria: (1) Respiratory rate >30/min. (2) Oxygen saturation \u226493%. (3) PaO2/FiO2\u2264300\u2009mm Hg. (4) Patients, either with shock or respiratory failure, requiring mechanical ventilation, or combined with other organ failure, requiring admission to intensive care unit (ICU). Of 193 patients with severe covid-19, 48 (24.9%) had diabetes. Compared with patients with severe covid-19 without diabetes, patients with diabetes were older, susceptible to receiving mechanical ventilation and admission to ICU, and had higher mortality. In addition, patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes had higher levels of leukocyte count, neutrophil count, high-sensitivity C reaction protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, interleukin (IL) 2 receptor, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, D-dimer, fibrinogen, lactic dehydrogenase and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Among patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes, more non-survivors were men (30 (76.9%) vs 9 (23.1%)). Non-survivors had severe inflammatory response, and cardiac, hepatic, renal and coagulation impairment. Finally, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed a trend towards poorer survival in patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes than patients without diabetes. The HR was 1.53 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.30; p=0.041) after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease by Cox regression. The median survival durations from hospital admission in patients with severe covid-19 with and without diabetes were 10 days and 18 days, respectively. The mortality rate in patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes is considerable. Diabetes may lead to an increase in the risk of death."}, {"pmid": 32531208, "pmcid": "PMC7260489", "title": "Structural and Biochemical Characterization of the nsp12-nsp7-nsp8 Core Polymerase Complex from SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cell Rep", "authors": ["Peng, Qi", "Peng, Ruchao", "Yuan, Bin", "Zhao, Jingru", "Wang, Min", "Wang, Xixi", "Wang, Qian", "Sun, Yan", "Fan, Zheng", "Qi, Jianxun", "Gao, George F", "Shi, Yi"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531208", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a huge number of human deaths. Currently, there are no specific drugs or vaccines available for this virus (SARS-CoV-2). The viral polymerase is a promising antiviral target. Here, we describe the near-atomic-resolution structure of the SARS-CoV-2 polymerase complex consisting of the nsp12 catalytic subunit and nsp7-nsp8 cofactors. This structure highly resembles the counterpart of SARS-CoV with conserved motifs for all viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases and suggests a mechanism of activation by cofactors. Biochemical studies reveal reduced activity of the core polymerase complex and lower thermostability of individual subunits of SARS-CoV-2 compared with SARS-CoV. These findings provide important insights into RNA synthesis by coronavirus polymerase and indicate adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 toward humans with a relatively lower body temperature than the natural bat hosts."}, {"pmid": 32388068, "pmcid": "PMC7191285", "title": "Thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID 19.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Rosen, Raphael J"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388068", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346693, "pmcid": "PMC7170791", "title": "Letter to the editor: Staying True to the Calling of Geriatric Medicine Amid the Waves of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Cheong, C Y", "Yap, P L K"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346693", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394237, "pmcid": "PMC7211561", "title": "Sudden death due to acute pulmonary embolism in a young woman with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Polat, Veli", "Bostanci, Gungor Ilayda"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394237", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that primarily affects the respiratory system, but it may cause cardiovascular complications such as thromboembolism. Rarely, pulmonary embolism may be encountered in patients with severe COVID-19 infection, especially in intensive care units. An asymptomatic young case of COVID-19 presenting with sudden death due to acute massive pulmonary embolism has not been previously described. We report a 41-year-old woman presented to emergency department with sudden death during physical activity. She had only history of diabetes mellitus and she was asymptomatic until sudden death. CT pulmonary angiography and chest CT scans revealed acute massive embolism and typical imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia, respectively. Interestingly, the patient had no symptoms or signs of infection and also had no risk factors for thromboembolism. COVID-19 infection appears to induce venous thromboembolism, especially pulmonary embolism. The case is remarkable in terms of showing how insidious and life-threatening COVID-19 infection can be."}, {"pmid": 32507697, "title": "How Has COVID-19 Affected the Costs of the Surgical Fellowship Interview Process?", "journal": "J Surg Educ", "authors": ["Tseng, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507697", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on the costs of the surgical fellowship interview process. A literature review of the historical costs of surgical fellowship interviews and a summary of how the shift to virtual interviews has unintended positive and negative effects on costs for applicants and training programs. Transitioning fellowship interviews to virtual platforms affects expenditures of finances and time. Each fellowship candidate saves close to $6,000 in interview travel expenses. Applicants require less time off from their residency programs during this critical time of need for frontline healthcare workers. However, applicants miss some of the live aspects of interviewing, and training programs invest more effort upfront altering their interviews to virtual formats. The COVID-19 public health crisis has had a significant impact on surgical education, including how selection is conducted. Virtual recruitment has the potential for cost savings but should continue to be refined. This is an opportune time to innovate and rethink how to recruit prospective surgical residency and fellowship candidates during the current and forthcoming interview seasons."}, {"pmid": 32334884, "pmcid": "PMC7158826", "title": "Traditional and Virtual Congress Meetings During the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Post-COVID-19 Era: Is it Time to Change the Paradigm?", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Porpiglia, Francesco", "Checcucci, Enrico", "Autorino, Riccardo", "Amparore, Daniele", "Cooperberg, Matthew R", "Ficarra, Vincenzo", "Novara, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334884", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The speed and reach of the COVID-19 pandemic have forced rapid changes in how we conduct medical practice and research. The rapid evolution in how scientific meetings are conducted may have long-term benefits. A new reality in which technology and sociality are merged may offer a more engaging and adaptable scientific congress experience with more flexible and dynamic use of content modulated to the needs of each attendee."}, {"pmid": 32415242, "pmcid": "PMC7225630", "title": "A spike with which to beat COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Microbiol", "authors": ["Alam, Nawsad", "Higgins, Matthew K"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415242", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267912, "pmcid": "PMC7147341", "title": "Chest Computed Tomography for Detection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Don't Rush the Science.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Hope, Michael D", "Raptis, Constantine A", "Henry, Travis S"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267912", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418414, "title": "Expert opinion of the Working Group on Heart Failure of the Polish Cardiac Society: the patient with heart failure facing the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Kaluzna-Oleksy, Marta", "Gackowski, Andrzej", "Jankowska, Ewa Anita", "Kukulski, Tomasz", "Lelonek, Malgorzata", "Nessler, Jadwiga", "Pawlak, Agnieszka", "Rozentryt, Piotr", "Rubis, Pawel", "Straburzynska-Migaj, Ewa", "Leszek, Przemyslaw"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418414", "countries": ["Poland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) acute respiratory failure is the cause of the rapidly spreading coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019), affecting thousands of people around the world. Due to the limited information on heart dysfunction in patients with COVID-19, a synthetic summary of current knowledge is needed to help clinicians who care for patients with cardiovascular disease, especially heart failure (HF) patients. We present the expert opinion of the Polish Cardiac Society - Working Group of Heart Failure (PCS - HF)."}, {"pmid": 32325471, "title": "Variation in volumes and characteristics of trauma patients admitted to a level one trauma centre during national level 4 lockdown for COVID-19 in New Zealand.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Christey, Grant", "Amey, Janet", "Campbell, Alaina", "Smith, Alastair"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325471", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aims of this study were to describe the variation in volumes and types of injuries admitted to a level one trauma centre in New Zealand over two 14-day periods before and during the national level 4 lockdown for COVID-19; and highlight communities at risk of preventable injury that may impact negatively on hospital resources. A retrospective, descriptive study of prospectively collected data in the Midland Trauma Registry in New Zealand. Overall there was a reduction of 43% in all injury-related admissions with significant reductions seen in major injury (50% reduction), males (50% reduction) and children aged 0-14 years (48% reduction). Results for ethnicity and persons aged over 14 years were within 3% deviation of this overall 43% reduction. Injuries at home, particularly falls, predominate. Despite the significant reduction in admissions during level 4 lockdown, hospitals should continue to provide full services until resource limitations are unavoidable. Immediate messaging is recommended to reduce rates of injury on the farm and at home, specifically falls prevention. Ongoing attention of road users to road safety is essential to reduce the incidence of preventable major injury. These immediate measures can potentially reduce unnecessary pressure on hospital beds and resources during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32495918, "title": "Clinical characteristics of two human-to-human transmitted coronaviruses: Corona Virus Disease 2019 vs. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Xu, P", "Sun, G-D", "Li, Z-Z"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495918", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Subsequent to a global outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012, a novel human coronavirus, known as Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a major disease outbreak. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to compare epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features of COVID-19 and MERS-COV populations. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database to identify potential studies that have reported COVID-19 or MERS-COV disease. Epidemiology, clinical, and laboratory outcomes, intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates, discharge rates, and fatality rates were evaluated using Graph-Pad Prism software. A total of forty-two studies were included in our research, involving in 4,720 patients (COVID-19 = 2,012, MERS-COV = 2,708). The present study revealed that main clinical manifestations of both COVID-19 and MERS-COV populations are fever, cough and generalized weakness or myalgia, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is the main complication. The COVID-19 population has a lower rate of ICU admissions, discharges, fatalities, and shorter incubation periods than those of MERS-COV population. The main clinical features of both COVID-19 and MERS-COV populations are fever, cough and generalized weakness or myalgia. ARDS is the main complication of both populations. COVID-19 cases have a shorter incubation period and lower rate of ICU admissions, discharges and fatalities compared to MRES-COV population."}, {"pmid": 32312717, "pmcid": "PMC7211103", "title": "Cytology in the time of coronavirus disease (covid-19): an Italian perspective.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Vigliar, Elena", "Iaccarino, Antonino", "Bruzzese, Dario", "Malapelle, Umberto", "Bellevicine, Claudio", "Troncone, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312717", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) is changing the way we practice pathology, including fine needle aspiration (FNA) diagnostics. Although recommendations have been issued to prioritise patients at high oncological risk, postponing those with unsuspicious presentations, real world data have not been reported yet. The percentages of the cytological sample types processed at the University of Naples Federico II, during the first 3\u2009weeks of Italian national lockdown were compared with those of the same period in 2019. During the emergency, the percentage of cytology samples reported as malignant increased (p<0.001), reflecting higher percentages of breast (p=0.002) and lymph nodes FNAs (p=0.008), effusions (p<0.001) and urine (p=0.005). Conversely, thyroid FNAs (p<0.001) and Pap smears (p=0.003) were reduced. Even in times of covid-19 outbreak, cytological examination may be safely carried out in patients at high oncological risk, without the need to be postponed."}, {"pmid": 32160149, "pmcid": "PMC7258473", "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 from Patient with Coronavirus Disease, United States.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Harcourt, Jennifer", "Tamin, Azaibi", "Lu, Xiaoyan", "Kamili, Shifaq", "Sakthivel, Senthil K", "Murray, Janna", "Queen, Krista", "Tao, Ying", "Paden, Clinton R", "Zhang, Jing", "Li, Yan", "Uehara, Anna", "Wang, Haibin", "Goldsmith, Cynthia", "Bullock, Hannah A", "Wang, Lijuan", "Whitaker, Brett", "Lynch, Brian", "Gautam, Rashi", "Schindewolf, Craig", "Lokugamage, Kumari G", "Scharton, Dionna", "Plante, Jessica A", "Mirchandani, Divya", "Widen, Steven G", "Narayanan, Krishna", "Makino, Shinji", "Ksiazek, Thomas G", "Plante, Kenneth S", "Weaver, Scott C", "Lindstrom, Stephen", "Tong, Suxiang", "Menachery, Vineet D", "Thornburg, Natalie J"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160149", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The etiologic agent of an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China, was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in January 2020. A patient in the United States was given a diagnosis of infection with this virus by the state of Washington and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on January 20, 2020. We isolated virus from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens from this patient and characterized the viral sequence, replication properties, and cell culture tropism. We found that the virus replicates to high titer in Vero-CCL81 cells and Vero E6 cells in the absence of trypsin. We also deposited the virus into 2 virus repositories, making it broadly available to the public health and research communities. We hope that open access to this reagent will expedite development of medical countermeasures."}, {"pmid": 32297929, "pmcid": "PMC7184391", "title": "Vietnam's response to COVID-19: prompt and proactive actions.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Dinh, Linh", "Dinh, Phuc", "Nguyen, Phuong D M", "Nguyen, Duy H N", "Hoang, Thang"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297929", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32169967, "title": "Covid-19: UK holds off closing schools and restricts testing to people in hospital.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169967", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452417, "pmcid": "PMC7157939", "title": "New insights into the evolutionary features of viral overlapping genes by discriminant analysis.", "journal": "Virology", "authors": ["Pavesi, Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452417", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Overlapping genes originate by a mechanism of overprinting, in which nucleotide substitutions in a pre-existing frame induce the expression of a de novo protein from an alternative frame. In this study, I assembled a dataset of 319 viral overlapping genes, which included 82 overlaps whose expression is experimentally known and the respective 237 homologs. Principal component analysis revealed that overlapping genes have a common pattern of nucleotide and amino acid composition. Discriminant analysis separated overlapping from non-overlapping genes with an accuracy of 97%. When applied to overlapping genes with known genealogy, it separated ancestral from de novo frames with an accuracy close to 100%. This high discriminant power was crucial to computationally design variants of de novo viral proteins known to possess selective anticancer toxicity (apoptin) or protection against neurodegeneration (X protein), as well as to detect two new potential overlapping genes in the genome of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32488187, "title": "Sputnik moment or budget breaker: How will the pandemic alter research funding?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Subbaraman, Nidhi"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488187", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440817, "pmcid": "PMC7242018", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak in Italy: perspectives from an orthopaedic hospital.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Grassi, Alberto", "Pizza, Nicola", "Tedesco, Dario", "Zaffagnini, Stefano"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440817", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is one of the more severely affected countries in the world by the recent COVID-19 outbreak. The aim of this report is to describe how COVID-19 affected the life and organization of one of the main orthopaedic hospitals of the country, and which measures were implemented to face the outbreak. A personal interview has been conducted with four doctors involved in the management of COVID-19 outbreak in one of the main orthopaedic hospitals of Italy. Hospital was re-organized, elective surgeries were cancelled, and only trauma surgeries were allowed, together with oncologic and urgent cases. Since the number of cases among patients and healthcare workers increased, the hospital management responded not only with a massive testing campaign aimed at detecting contact histories but also with an additional testing campaign for asymptomatic healthcare workers. The main lection is that any actions should be quick and decisive, for 1 week during the COVID-19 epidemic could make the difference."}, {"pmid": 32470974, "title": "Veterans' Response to an Automated Text Messaging Protocol During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Saleem, Jason J", "Read, Jacob M", "Loehr, Boyd M", "Frisbee, Kathleen L", "Wilck, Nancy R", "Murphy, John J", "Vetter, Brian M", "Herout, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470974", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is using an automated short message service (SMS) application named 'Annie' as part of their COVID-19 response with a protocol for coronavirus precautions, which can help the Veteran monitor symptoms and can advise the Veteran when to contact their VA care team or a nurse triage line. We surveyed 1,134 Veterans on their use of the Annie application and coronavirus precautions protocol. Survey results support what is likely a substantial resource savings for the VA, as well as non-VA community healthcare. Moreover, the majority of Veterans reported at least one positive sentiment (felt more connected to VA, confident, or educated and/or felt less anxious) by receiving the protocol messages. The findings from this study have implications for other healthcare systems to help manage a patient population during the coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32427168, "pmcid": "PMC7228428", "title": "COVID-19-Related Suicides in Bangladesh Due to Lockdown and Economic Factors: Case Study Evidence from Media Reports.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Bhuiyan, A K M Israfil", "Sakib, Najmuj", "Pakpour, Amir H", "Griffiths, Mark D", "Mamun, Mohammed A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427168", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259193, "title": "Understanding and Addressing Sources of Anxiety Among Health Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Shanafelt, Tait", "Ripp, Jonathan", "Trockel, Mickey"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259193", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381693, "title": "Beat COVID-19 through innovation.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Azoulay, Pierre", "Jones, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381693", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418237, "title": "Hypoxemia in COVID-19; Comment on: \"The neuroinvasive potential of SARS - CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Coen, Matteo", "Allali, Gilles", "Adler, Dan", "Serratrice, Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418237", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seldom complain of dyspnea. It has been suggested that the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) targets the brainstem and plays a role COVID-19 respiratory failure. We hypothesise that asymptomatic hypoxemia presented by COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia is related to a dysfunction of cortical rather than of subcortical structures, and is linked to SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasiveness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32395487, "pmcid": "PMC7210129", "title": "Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and development of a prediction model for prolonged hospital length of stay.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Hong, Yucai", "Wu, Xinhu", "Qu, Jijing", "Gao, Yuandi", "Chen, Hao", "Zhang, Zhongheng"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395487", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global health emergency, but the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are not fully described. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 outside of Wuhan city; and to develop a multivariate model to predict the risk of prolonged length of stay in hospital (ProLOS). The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Zhejiang province from January to February 20, 2020. Medical records of all confirmed cases of COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were categorized into the ProLOS and non-ProLOS groups by hospital length of stay greater and less than 14 days, respectively. Conventional descriptive statistics were applied. Multivariate regression model was built to predict the risk of ProLOS, with variables selected using stepwise approach. A total of 75 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were included for quantitative analysis, including 25 (33%) patients in the ProLOS group. ProLOS patients were more likely to have history of traveling to Wuhan (68% vs. 28%; P=0.002). Patients in the ProLOS group showed lower neutrophil counts [median (IQR): 2.50 (1.77-3.23) \u00d7109/L vs. 2.90 (2.21-4.19) \u00d7109/L; P=0.048], higher partial thrombin time (PT) (13.42\u00b10.63 vs. 13.10\u00b10.48 s; P=0.029), lower D-Dimer [0.26 (0.22-0.46) vs. 0.44 (0.32-0.84) mg/L; P=0.012]. There was no patient died and no severe case in our cohort. The overall LOS was 11 days (IQR, 5-15 days). The median cost for a hospital stay was 7,388.19 RMB (IQR, 5,085.39-11,145.44). The prediction model included five variables of procalcitonin, heart rate, epidemiological history, lymphocyte count and cough. The discrimination of the model was 84.8% (95% CI: 75.3% to 94.4%). Our study described clinical characteristics of COVID-19 outside of Wuhan city and found that the illness was less severe than that in the core epidemic region. A multivariate model was developed to predict ProLOS, which showed good discrimination."}, {"pmid": 32476233, "title": "Strategies for Liver Transplantation during the SARS CoV-2 Outbreak Preliminary Experience from a Single Center in France.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Muller, Xavier", "Tilmans, Gilles", "Chenevas-Paule, Quentin", "Lebosse, Fanny", "Antonini, Teresa", "Poinsot, Domitille", "Rode, Agnes", "Guichon, Celine M", "Schmitt, Zoe", "Ducerf, Christian", "Mohkam, Kayvan", "Lesurtel, Mickael", "Mabrut, Jean-Yves"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476233", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Liver transplantation during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is challenging given the urgent need to reallocate resources to other areas of patient care. Available guidelines recommend to reorganize transplant care but data on clinical experience in the context of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are scarce. Thus, we report strategies and preliminary results in liver transplantation during the peak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from a single-center in France. Our strategy to reorganize the transplant program included four main steps: optimization of available resources especially intensive care unit capacity, multidisciplinary risk stratification of liver transplantation candidates on the waiting list, implementation of a systematic SARS-CoV-2 screening strategy prior to transplantation and definition of optimal recipient-donor matching. After implementation of these four steps, we performed 10 successful liver transplantations during the peak of the pandemic with a short median intensive care unit stay (2,5 days), benchmark post-transplant morbidity and no occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during follow-up. From this preliminary experience we conclude that efforts in resource planning, optimal recipient selection and organ allocation strategy are key to maintain a safe liver transplant activity. Transplant centers should be ready to readapt their practices as the pandemic evolves."}, {"pmid": 32286678, "title": "Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system: The potential role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cardiol J", "authors": ["Huang, Ziyin", "Jiang, Yufeng", "Chen, Jingjing", "Zhou, Yafeng"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286678", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which initially began in China, has spread to other countries of Asia, Europe, America, Africa and Oceania, with the number of confirmed cases and suspected cases increasing each day. According to recently published research, it was found that the majority of the severe cases were elderly, and many of them had at least one chronic disease, especially cardiovascular diseases. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs) are the most widely used drugs for cardiovascular diseases. The clinical effect of ACEIs/ARBs on patients with COVID-19 is still uncertain. This paper describes their potential role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, which may provide useful in the advice of cardiologists and physicians."}, {"pmid": 32516853, "title": "Publication of COVID-19 case reports: are we hurrying?", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Lombardo, Eduardo", "Pagnoncelli, Rogerio Miranda"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516853", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global situation that has been established is worrying due to the pandemic of COVID-19. In this context, the great majority of government entities have turned their attention even more to the importance of scientific research in solving health issues since public policies must be strongly based on science to perform their function efficiently. We are on the right track when choosing to survive. And surviving means sparing no effort to find a cure. Such a process involves investments and acceleration of steps (Van Norman, 2016). One example is the creation of the CTAP (Coronavirus Treatment Acceleration Program) by the FDA (U.S Foods And Drugs Administration) to support clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32267300, "title": "Assessing the severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Freitas, Andre Ricardo Ribas", "Napimoga, Marcelo", "Donalisio, Maria Rita"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267300", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451362, "pmcid": "PMC7253226", "title": "Do underlying cardiovascular diseases have any impact on hospitalised patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Zhang, Jixiang", "Lu, Shimin", "Wang, Xiaoli", "Jia, Xuemei", "Li, Jiao", "Lei, Hongbo", "Liu, Zhengru", "Liao, Fei", "Ji, Mengyao", "Lv, Xiaoguang", "Kang, Jian", "Tian, Shan", "Ma, Jingjing", "Wu, Dandan", "Gong, Yang", "Xu, Yu", "Dong, Weiguo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451362", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has sickened thousands of people in China. The purpose of this study was to explore the early clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This is a retrospective analysis of patients with COVID-19 from a single centre. All patients underwent real-time reverse transcription PCR for SARS-CoV-2 on admission. Demographic and clinical factors and laboratory data were reviewed and collected to evaluate for significant associations. The study included 541 patients with COVID-19. A total of 144 (26.6%) patients had a history of CVD. The mortality of patients with CVD reached 22.2%, which was higher than that of the overall population of this study (9.8%). Patients with CVD were also more likely to develop liver function abnormality, elevated blood creatinine and lactic dehydrogenase (p<0.05). Symptoms of sputum production were more common in patients with CVD (p=0.026). Lymphocytes, haemoglobin and albumin below the normal range were pervasive in the CVD group (p<0.05). The proportion of critically ill patients in the CVD group (27.8%) was significantly higher than that in the non-CVD group (8.8%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that CVD (OR: 2.735 (95% CI 1.495 to 5.003), p=0.001) was associated with critical COVID-19 condition, while patients with coronary heart disease were less likely to reach recovery standards (OR: 0.331 (95% CI 0.125 to 0.880), p=0.027). Considering the high prevalence of CVD, a thorough CVD assessment at diagnosis and early intervention are recommended in COVID-19 patients with CVD. Patients with CVD are more vulnerable to deterioration."}, {"pmid": 32362468, "pmcid": "PMC7190478", "title": "Cancer surgery in a time of COVID-19: Many questions, few certainties.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Ghignone, F", "Mohan, H M", "Montroni, I"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362468", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403946, "pmcid": "PMC7222528", "title": "Coronavirus disease-2019 in cancer patients. A report of the first 25 cancer patients in a western country (Italy).", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Stroppa, Elisa Maria", "Toscani, Ilaria", "Citterio, Chiara", "Anselmi, Elisa", "Zaffignani, Elena", "Codeluppi, Mauro", "Cavanna, Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403946", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: We describe cancer patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection treated at the Piacenza's general hospital (north Italy). Materials & methods:\u00a0Twenty-five cancer patients infected by COVID-19 admitted at the Piacenza's general hospital from 21\u00a0February to 18 March 2020. Outcome from the infection were compared with infected noncancer patients. Results: Twenty patients (80%) were treated with antiviral therapy and hydroxychloroquine and five (20%) received hydroxychloroquine alone. Nine (36%) patients died, while 16 (64%) overcome the infection. In the control group the mortality was 16.13% and the overcome from infection was 83.87%. Conclusion: Mortality for COVID-19 was greater in cancer patients when compared with noncancer patients, worse prognosis for older age, women and patients treated with hydroxychloroquine alone. However, the comparisons did not reach statistical significance in most cases. This could be due to the small sample size that is the main limitation of the study."}, {"pmid": 32310675, "title": "Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Era of the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Duffy, Eamon Y", "Cainzos-Achirica, Miguel", "Michos, Erin D"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384164, "pmcid": "PMC7273004", "title": "Vox Sanguinis International Forum on Hospital Transfusion Services' Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Yazer, Mark H", "Jackson, Bryon", "Pagano, Monica", "Rahimi-Levene, Naomi", "Peer, Victoria", "Bueno, Jose Luis", "Jackson, Ryan P", "Shan, Hua", "Amorim-Filho, Luiz", "Lopes, Maria-Esther", "Boquimpani, Carla", "Sprogoe, Ulrik", "Bruun, Mie Topholm", "Titlestad, Kjell", "Rushford, Kylie", "Wood, Erica M", "McQuilten, Zoe K", "de Angelis, Vincenzo", "Delle Donne, Michela", "Murphy, Mike", "Staves, Julie", "Cho, Duck", "Nakamura, Fumihiko", "Hangaishi, Akira", "Callum, Jeannie", "Lin, Yulia", "Mogaddam, Mostafa", "Gharehbaghian, Ahmad", "Lozano, Miquel"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384164", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) that was first reported in Wuhan, China and provokes the COVID-19 disease has developed into a pandemic with hundreds of thousands of people infected. Many governments have enforced social isolation protocols on their citizens, which has led to the closure of many large public gatherings in order to limit the spread of the virus. These closures could reasonably be expected to affect blood collections, thereby presaging shortages of blood for transfusion. On the other hand, steps such as the postponement of elective surgeries and other non-urgent transfusions could mitigate against potential shortfalls in the blood supply."}, {"pmid": 32371555, "title": "Utility of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Khan, Rizwan", "Anandamurthy, Balaram", "McCurry, Kenneth", "Krishnan, Sudhir"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371555", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a means of cardiopulmonary support for refractory respiratory and cardiac failure. ECMO is a resource-intensive therapy that can be considered in highly selected patients. Expert centers should employ an evidence-based ARDS treatment algorithm and a multidisciplinary approach to recommending ECMO upon failure of conventional therapy. Caring for ECMO patients requires adequate infection control and safety precautions for healthcare workers."}, {"pmid": 32514318, "pmcid": "PMC7267289", "title": "Some lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Pharm Health Serv Res", "authors": ["Wertheimer, Albert"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514318", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360781, "pmcid": "PMC7252175", "title": "Fangcang shelter hospitals in COVID-19 pandemic: the practice and its significance.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Shang, L", "Xu, J", "Cao, B"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360781", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406852, "title": "Awareness and preparedness of Field Epidemiology Training Program graduates in the Eastern Mediterranean Region to respond to COVID-19: A cross-section study.", "journal": "JMIR Med Educ", "authors": ["Al Nsour, Mohannad", "Khader, Yousef", "Al Serouri, Abulwahed", "Bashier, Haitham", "Osman, Shahd"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406852", "countries": ["Sudan", "Jordan", "Yemen"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) is a 2-year training program in applied epidemiology. FETP graduates have contributed significantly to improvements in surveillance systems, control of infectious diseases, and outbreak investigations in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Knowing their instrumental roles during the COVID-19 crisis, this study aimed to assess the awareness and preparedness of FETP graduates in three EMR countries to respond to COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was sent to FETP graduates in 3 countries in the EMR in March 2020. The FETP graduates were contacted by email and requested to fill an online survey. Sufficient number of responses were received from three countries only including Jordan, Sudan, and Yemen. Few responses were received from other countries and therefore they were excluded from the analysis. The questionnaire comprised a series of questions pertaining to socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of the epidemiology of COVID-19, and preparedness to respond to COVID-19. This study included a total of 57 FETP graduates (20 from Jordan, 13 from Sudan, and 24 from Yemen). A total of 31 (54%) graduates had attended training on COVID-19, 29 (51%) are member of a rapid response team against COVID-19 and 54 (95%) had previous experience in response to disease outbreaks or health emergencies. The vast majority were aware of the main symptoms, mode of transmission, high risk groups, and aware of how to use personal protective equipment. A total of 46 (81%) respondents considered themselves well prepared for the COVID-19 outbreak and 40 (70%) reported that they currently have a role in supporting the country efforts in the management of COVID-19 outbreak. The FETP graduates in Jordan, Sudan, and Yemen were fully aware of the epidemiology COVID-19 and the safety measures and they are well positioned to investigate and respond to COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, they should be properly and efficiently utilized by the ministries of health to investigate and respond to the current COVID-19 crisis where the needs are vastly growing and access to outside experts becomes limited. "}, {"pmid": 32379022, "title": "Improving Hand Hygiene Adherence in Healthcare Workers Before Patient Contact: A Multimodal Intervention in Four Tertiary Care Hospitals in Japan.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Saitoh, Akihiko", "Sato, Kiyomi", "Magara, Yoko", "Osaki, Kakuei", "Narita, Kiyoko", "Shioiri, Kumiko", "Fowler, Karen E", "Ratz, David", "Saint, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379022", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hand hygiene is key to preventing healthcare-associated infection and the spread of respiratory viruses like the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19. Unfortunately, hand hygiene adherence of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Japan is suboptimal according to previous studies. Our objectives were to evaluate hand hygiene adherence among physicians and nurses before touching hospitalized patients and to evaluate changes in hand hygiene adherence after a multimodal intervention was implemented. We conducted a pre- and postintervention study with HCWs at four tertiary hospitals in Niigata, Japan. Hand hygiene observations were conducted from June to August 2018 (preintervention) and February to March 2019 (postintervention). The multimodal hand hygiene intervention recommended by the World Health Organization was tailored to each hospital and implemented from September 2018 to February 2019. We observed hand hygiene adherence before touching patients in each hospital and compared rates before and after intervention. Intervention components were also evaluated. There were 2,018 patient observations preintervention and 1,630 postintervention. Overall, hand hygiene adherence improved from 453 of 2,018 preintervention observations (22.4%) to 548 of 1,630 postintervention observations (33.6%; P < .001). Rates improved more among nurses (13.9 percentage points) than among doctors (5.7 percentage points). Improvement varied among the hospitals: Hospital B (18.4 percentage points) was highest, followed by Hospitals D (11.4 percentage points), C (11.3 percentage points), and Hospital A (6.5 percentage points). A multimodal intervention improved hand hygiene adherence rates in physicians and nurses in Niigata, Japan; however, further improvement is necessary. Given the current suboptimal hand hygiene adherence rates in Japanese hospitals, the spread of COVID-19 within the hospital setting is a concern."}, {"pmid": 32328771, "pmcid": "PMC7180656", "title": "The role of self-reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction as a screening criterion for suspected COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Wee, Liang En", "Chan, Yvonne Fu Zi", "Teo, Neville Wei Yang", "Cherng, Benjamin Pei Zhi", "Thien, Siew Yee", "Wong, Hei Man", "Wijaya, Limin", "Toh, Song Tar", "Tan, Thuan Tong"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328771", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305034, "pmcid": "PMC7194975", "title": "Homeless mentally ill people and COVID-19 pandemic: The two-way sword for LMICs.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Kar, Sujita Kumar", "Arafat, S M Yasir", "Marthoenis, Marthoenis", "Kabir, Russell"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305034", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404126, "pmcid": "PMC7218649", "title": "An online solution focused brief therapy for adolescent anxiety during the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Chen, Shitao"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404126", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to assess the effectiveness of delivering Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) through telecommunication with a group of adolescents who present anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak. We hypothesize that participants who are randomly assigned to receive 2-4 sessions of Solution Focused Brief Therapy would have better clinical outcomes than participants who are in the waitlist group. We additionally hypothesized that using SFBT can also change participants' depression levels and their coping strategies in dealing with distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employs a randomized delayed crossover open label controlled trial in adolescents who are presenting anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak. Participants who meet the enrollment criteria stated below will be invited to participate in this study through telecommunication. Those accepting will be randomly allocated to the intervention group or waitlist group."}, {"pmid": 32251717, "pmcid": "PMC7195002", "title": "The Role of Cytokines including Interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced Pneumonia and Macrophage Activation Syndrome-Like Disease.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["McGonagle, Dennis", "Sharif, Kassem", "O'Regan, Anthony", "Bridgewood, Charlie"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251717", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe COVID-19 associated pneumonia patients may exhibit features of systemic hyper-inflammation designated under the umbrella term of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) or cytokine storm, also known as secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (sHLH). This is distinct from HLH associated with immunodeficiency states termed primary HLH -with radically different therapy strategies in both situations. COVID-19 infection with MAS typically occurs in subjects with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and historically, non-survival in ARDS was linked to sustained IL-6 and IL-1 elevation. We provide a model for the classification of MAS to stratify the MAS-like presentation in COVID-19 pneumonia and explore the complexities of discerning ARDS from MAS. We discuss the potential impact of timing of anti-cytokine therapy on viral clearance and the impact of such therapy on intra-pulmonary macrophage activation and emergent pulmonary vascular disease."}, {"pmid": 32192296, "title": "[Standardized diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer during the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 in Renji hospital].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Luo, Y", "Zhong, M"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192296", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently raging in China. It has been proven that COVID-19 can be transmitted from human to human and cause hospital infection, which seriously threatens surgical staffs and inpatients. Although colorectal surgery is not a front-line subject in the fight against the epidemic, but in this special situation, it is a difficult task to provide the highest quality medical services and ensure the orderly clinical work, on the premise of maximizing the protection for patients and their families, health of medical staff, and the safety of wards and hospitals, We summarize how to carry out the clinical practice of colorectal surgery under the situation of the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemiology, including the procedures of diagnose and treatment for emergency patients with colorectal tumor, and share the experiences of the diagnosis of colorectal tumor, the management of patients with colorectal cancer who are scheduled to be admitted for surgery, the protection of wards, the perioperative management. More importantly, we introduce in detail the operative management and perioperative management of colorectal surgery patients suspected or diagnosed with new coronary pneumonia, including prevention and control measures for medical staff, operating rooms and surgical instruments. The main points are as follows: (1) Multidisciplinary team (MDT) must be run through the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. The members include not only routine departments, but also respiratory department and infectious department. (2) Colonoscopy examination may cause cross infection of COVID-19 to patients and doctors. Therefore, it is prior to examine the emergency cases and life-threatening patients (bleeding, obstruction, gastrointestinal foreign bodies, etc.). If the emergent patients (intestinal obstruction) with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, the surgeons must perform emergency surgery, and intestinal decompressive tube through colonoscopy is not recommended. (3) The colorectal cancer patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should be placed in the isolated room with separate medical devices, and the operative room with negative pressure (under -5 Pa) must be separated. All disposable medical items, body fluids and feces of the patients in perioperative periods must be unified disposed according to the medical waste standard. (4) The surgical medical workers who process colorectal cancer patients with COVID-19 must be protected by three-level. After operation, the medical workers must receive medical observation and be isolated for 14 days. We hope our \"Renji experience\" will be beneficial to colleagues."}, {"pmid": 32420691, "title": "Active Therapy with Passive Immunotherapy May Be Effective in the Fight against Covid-19.", "journal": "Clin Transl Sci", "authors": ["Morabito, Christopher J", "Gangadharan, Bagirath"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420691", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Passive immunity against pathogens in epidemics has historical roots. Convalescent plasma (CP), plasma collected from individuals who have recovered from an infectious disease, has been used to confer therapeutic benefits in previous epidemics, including measles, mumps, and influenza, and remains the first line passive immunotherapy in emerging diseases, including the H1N1 influenza pandemic (2009) and now Covid-19 (1). Over the last several decades, as technology has developed to purify and manufacture plasma-derived immunoglobulin (IG) as a drug therapy, hyperimmune globulin (H-IG) formulations have been used as the second line of passive immunotherapies against these diseases."}, {"pmid": 32496872, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: between pathophysiology complexity and therapeutic uncertainty.", "journal": "Physiol Rev", "authors": ["Romagnoli, Stefano", "Peris, Adriano", "de Gaudio, A Raffaele", "Geppetti, Pierangelo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496872", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "First isolated in China in early 2020, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus responsible for the ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The disease has been spreading rapidly across the globe, with the largest burden falling on China, Europe and the United States. COVID-19 is a new clinical syndrome characterized by respiratory symptoms with variable degrees of severity, from mild upper respiratory illness to severe interstitial pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome aggravated by thrombosis in pulmonary microcirculation. Three main phases of disease progression have been proposed for COVID-19: the early infection phase, the pulmonary phase and the hyperinflammation phase. Although current understanding of COVID-19 treatment mainly derives from small uncontrolled trials that are affected by a number of biases, strong background noise and a litany of confounding factors, emerging awareness suggests that drugs currently used to treat COVID-19 (antivirals, antimalarials, immunomodulators, anticoagulants, antibodies) should be evaluated in relation to the pathophysiology of disease progression. Drawing upon the international and Italian dramatic experiences, here we review the changing evolution of the disease and focus on current treatments uncertainties and new promising therapies."}, {"pmid": 32283123, "pmcid": "PMC7151241", "title": "Considerations for Drug Interactions on QTc Interval in Exploratory COVID-19 Treatment.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Roden, Dan M", "Harrington, Robert A", "Poppas, Athena", "Russo, Andrea M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283123", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317256, "title": "Validation of the Hologic's Aptima Unisex and Multitest Specimen collection kits used for Endocervical and Male Urethral Swab Specimen (Aptima Swab) for sample collection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Avaniss-Aghajani, E", "Sarkissian, A", "Fernando, F", "Avaniss-Aghajani, A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317256", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent events have seen the rise of SARS-CoV-2 all across the world affecting the lives and economies of every nation.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32531146, "title": "Maternal transmission of SARS-COV-2 to the neonate, and possible routes for such transmission: A systematic review and critical analysis.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Walker, Kate F", "O'Donoghue, Keelin", "Grace, Nicky", "Dorling, Jon", "Comeau, Jeannette L", "Li, Wentao", "Thornton, Jim G"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531146", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early reports of COVID-19 in pregnancy described management by caesarean, strict isolation of the neonate and formula feeding, is this practise justified? To estimate the risk of the neonate becoming infected with SARS-COV-2 by mode of delivery, type of infant feeding and mother-infant interaction SEARCH STRATEGY: Two biomedical databases were searched between September 2019 - June 2020. Case reports or case series of pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19, where neonatal outcomes were reported. Data was extracted on mode of delivery, infant infection status, infant feeding and mother-infant interaction. For reported infant infection a critical analysis was performed to evaluate the likelihood of vertical transmission. We included 49 studies which included 666 neonates and 655 women where information was provided on the mode of delivery and the infant's infection status. 28/666 (4%) neonates had confirmed COVID-19 infection postnatally. Of the 291 women who delivered vaginally, 8/292 (2.7%) neonates were positive. Of the 364 women who had a Caesarean birth, 20/374 (5.3%) neonates were positive. Of the 28 neonates with confirmed COVID-19 infection, 7 were breast fed, 3 formula fed, 1 was given expressed breast milk and in 17 neonates the method of infant feeding was not reported. Neonatal COVID-19 infection is uncommon, uncommonly symptomatic, and the rate of infection is no greater when the baby is born vaginally, breastfed or allowed contact with the mother."}, {"pmid": 32302380, "pmcid": "PMC7175424", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Isolation From Ocular Secretions of a Patient With COVID-19 in Italy With Prolonged Viral RNA Detection.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Colavita, Francesca", "Lapa, Daniele", "Carletti, Fabrizio", "Lalle, Eleonora", "Bordi, Licia", "Marsella, Patrizia", "Nicastri, Emanuele", "Bevilacqua, Nazario", "Giancola, Maria Letizia", "Corpolongo, Angela", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria", "Castilletti, Concetta"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302380", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32191830, "title": "COVID-19 - what should anaethesiologists and intensivists know about it?", "journal": "Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther", "authors": ["Wujtewicz, Magdalena", "Dylczyk-Sommer, Anna", "Aszkielowicz, Aleksander", "Zdanowski, Szymon", "Piwowarczyk, Sebastian", "Owczuk, Radoslaw"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191830", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the past three months, the world has faced an unprecedented health hazard. The World Health Organization has announced a pandemic infection with an unknown species of coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. Spreading mainly through the droplet route, the virus causes mild symptoms in the majority of cases, the most common being: fever (80%), dry cough (56%), fatigue (22%) and muscle pain (7%); less common symptoms include a sore throat, a runny nose, diarrhea, hemoptysis and chills. A life-threatening complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection is an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which occurs more often in older adults, those with immune disorders and co-morbidities. Severe forms of the infection, being an indication for treatment in the intensive care unit, comprise acute lung inflammation, ARDS, sepsis and septic shock. The article presents basic information about etiology, pathogenesis and diagnostics (with particular emphasis on the importance of tomocomputer imaging), clinical picture, treatment and prevention of the infection. It goes on to emphasize the specific risks of providing anesthesiology and intensive care services. Due to the fact that effective causal treatment is not yet available and the number of infections and deaths increases day by day, infection prevention and strict adherence to recommendations of infection control organizations remain the basis for fighting the virus."}, {"pmid": 32109012, "title": "Responding to Covid-19 - A Once-in-a-Century Pandemic?", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Gates, Bill"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32109012", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364245, "pmcid": "PMC7267499", "title": "COVID-19: are frontline surgical staff ready for this?", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Balakumar, C", "Rait, J", "Montauban, P", "Zarsadias, P", "Iqbal, S", "Fernandes, R"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364245", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529510, "pmcid": "PMC7286809", "title": "Do we really need to invoke heroic measures for early SARS-CoV-2 outbreak detection?", "journal": "Eur J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Orive, Gorka", "Lertxundi, Unax", "Barcelo, Damia"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529510", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314058, "pmcid": "PMC7170031", "title": "COVID-19 patients and the radiology department - advice from the European Society of Radiology (ESR) and the European Society of Thoracic Imaging (ESTI).", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Revel, Marie-Pierre", "Parkar, Anagha P", "Prosch, Helmut", "Silva, Mario", "Sverzellati, Nicola", "Gleeson, Fergus", "Brady, Adrian"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314058", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This document from the European Society of Radiology (ESR) and the European Society of Thoracic Imaging (ESTI) aims to present the main imaging features, and the role of CT scan in the early diagnosis of COVID-19, describing, in particular, the typical findings which make it possible to identify the disease and distinguish it from bacterial causes of infection, and to define which category of patients may benefit from CT imaging. The precautions that must be taken when performing scans to protect radiologists and technologists from infection will be described. The organisational measures that can be taken within radiology departments in order to cope with the influx of patients, while continuing to manage other emergency and time-sensitive activity (e.g. oncology, other infectious diseases etc.), will be discussed. KEY POINTS: \u2022 Bilateral ground glass opacities are typical CT manifestations of COVID-19. \u2022 Crazy paving and organising pneumonia pattern are seen at a later stage. \u2022 Extensive consolidation is associated with a poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32240079, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Shedding by Travelers, Vietnam, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Le, Thi Quynh Mai", "Takemura, Taichiro", "Moi, Meng Ling", "Nabeshima, Takeshi", "Nguyen, Le Khanh Hang", "Hoang, Vu Mai Phuong", "Ung, Thi Hong Trang", "Le, Thi Thanh", "Nguyen, Vu Son", "Pham, Hong Quynh Anh", "Duong, Tran Nhu", "Nguyen, Hai Tuan", "Ngu, Duy Nghia", "Nguyen, Cong Khanh", "Morita, Kouichi", "Hasebe, Futoshi", "Dang, Duc Anh"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240079", "countries": ["China", "Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analyzed 2 clusters of 12 patients in Vietnam with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection during January-February 2020. Analysis indicated virus transmission from a traveler from China. One asymptomatic patient demonstrated virus shedding, indicating potential virus transmission in the absence of clinical signs and symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32366726, "title": "Management of Asthma in Children during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Kumar, Prawin", "Goyal, Jagdish P"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366726", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415869, "title": "Surge after the surge: Anticipating the increased volume and needs of patients with head and neck cancer after the peak in COVID-19.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Bowman, Ryan", "Crosby, Dana L", "Sharma, Arun"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415869", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to have extensive effects on public health as it spreads rapidly across the globe. Patients with head and neck cancer are a particularly susceptible population to these effects, and we expect there to be a potential surge in patients presenting with head and neck cancers after the surge in COVID-19. Furthermore, the impact of social distancing measures could result in a shift toward more advanced disease at presentation. With appropriate anticipation, multidisciplinary head and cancer teams could potentially minimize the impact of this surge and plan for strategies to provide optimal care for patients with head and neck cancer."}, {"pmid": 32259628, "pmcid": "PMC7129776", "title": "Clinician Wellness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Extraordinary Times and Unusual Challenges for the Allergist/Immunologist.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Bansal, Priya", "Bingemann, Theresa A", "Greenhawt, Matthew", "Mosnaim, Giselle", "Nanda, Anil", "Oppenheimer, John", "Sharma, Hemant", "Stukus, David", "Shaker, Marcus"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259628", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused sudden and dramatic societal changes. The allergy/immunology community has quickly responded by mobilizing practice adjustments and embracing new paradigms of care to protect patients and staff from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exposure. Social distancing is key to slowing contagion but adds to complexity of care and increases isolation and anxiety. Uncertainty exists across a new COVID-19 reality, and clinician well-being may be an underappreciated priority. Wellness incorporates mental, physical, and spiritual health to protect against burnout, which impairs both coping and caregiving abilities. Understanding the stressors that COVID-19 is placing on clinicians can assist in recognizing what is needed to return to a point of wellness. Clinicians can leverage easily accessible tools, including the Strength-Focused and Meaning-Oriented Approach to Resilience and Transformation approach, wellness apps, mindfulness, and gratitude. Realizing early warning signs of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and posttraumatic stress disorder is important to access safe and confidential resources. Implementing wellness strategies can improve flexibility, resilience, and outlook. Historical parallels demonstrate that perseverance is as inevitable as pandemics and that we need not navigate this unprecedented time alone."}, {"pmid": 32497344, "title": "COVID-19 presenting with immune thrombocytopenia: a case report and review of the literature.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Murt, Ahmet", "Eskazan, Ahmet Emre", "Yilmaz, Umut", "Ozkan, Tuba", "Ar, Muhlis Cem"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497344", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may be associated with thrombocytopenia which might have different mechanisms in different patients and in different phases of the disease. Cytokine release, thrombotic consumption or autoimmune destruction are some leading etiologies of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19. This case report presents a 41-year-old male COVID-19 patient who had petechiae and purpura as the referral symptoms. Laboratory tests revealed isolated thrombocytopenia with no other additional pathologic findings. Most probable diagnosis was COVID-19 induced immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment generated a good response. There were four other recent publications with a total of eight cases in the literature. The presented case was discussed in comparison with those similar cases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32255659, "pmcid": "PMC7228084", "title": "Science in the Time of Coronavirus.", "journal": "Circ Heart Fail", "authors": ["Sweitzer, Nancy K"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255659", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388470, "pmcid": "PMC7198196", "title": "Rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using the Simplexa COVID-19 direct assay.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Bordi, Licia", "Piralla, Antonio", "Lalle, Eleonora", "Giardina, Federica", "Colavita, Francesca", "Tallarita, Monica", "Sberna, Giuseppe", "Novazzi, Federica", "Meschi, Silvia", "Castilletti, Concetta", "Brisci, Angela", "Minnucci, Giulia", "Tettamanzi, Veronica", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388470", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "So far, one of the major drawbacks of the available molecular assays for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the need for viral nucleic acid extraction from clinical specimens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of a newly designed real-time RT-PCR (Simplexa\u2122 COVID-19 Direct assay), that is established with an all-in-one reagent mix and no separate extraction required. The lower limit of detection (LOD) for both target genes resulted the same: 3.2 (CI: 2.9-3.8) log10 cp/mL and 0.40 (CI: 0.2-1.5) TCID50/mL for S gene while 3.2 log10 (CI: 2.9-3.7) log10 cp/mL and 0.4 (CI: 0.2-1.3) TCID50/mL for ORF1ab. The LOD obtained with extracted viral RNA for both S gene or ORF1ab was 2.7 log10 cp/mL. Crossreactive analysis performed in 20 nasopharyngeal swabs confirmed a 100% of clinical specificity of the assay. Clinical performances of Simplexa\u2122 COVID-19 Direct assay were assessed in 278 nasopharyngeal swabs tested in parallel with Corman's method. Concordance analysis showed an \"almost perfect\" agreement in SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection between the two assays, being \u03ba = 0.938; SE = 0.021; 95% CI = 0.896-0.980. The high sensitivity and specificity of this new assay indicate that it is promising for laboratory diagnosis, enabling highspeed detection in just over one hour, which is significantly faster than the up to five hours currently required by traditional extraction followed by amplification technologies, thus allowing prompt decision making regarding isolation of infected patients."}, {"pmid": 32406302, "title": "COVID-19 and Schools Closure: Implications for School Nurses.", "journal": "J Sch Nurs", "authors": ["Rosario, Rafaela"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406302", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285338, "pmcid": "PMC7153352", "title": "What Is the Appropriate Use of Laparoscopy over Open Procedures in the Current COVID-19 Climate?", "journal": "J Gastrointest Surg", "authors": ["Vigneswaran, Yalini", "Prachand, Vivek N", "Posner, Mitchell C", "Matthews, Jeffrey B", "Hussain, Mustafa"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285338", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Among surgeons worldwide, a concern with the use of minimally invasive techniques has been raised due to a proposed risk of viral transmission of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) with the creation of pneumoperitoneum. Due to this proposed concern, we sought to collect the available data and evaluate the use of laparoscopy and the risk of COVID-19 transmission. A literature review of viral transmission in surgery and of the available literature regarding the transmission of the COVID-19 virus was performed. We additionally reviewed surgical society guidelines and recommendations regarding surgery during this pandemic. Few studies have been performed on viral transmission during surgery, but to date there is no study that demonstrates or can suggest the ability for a virus to be transmitted during surgical treatment whether open or laparoscopic. There is no societal consensus on limiting or restricting laparoscopic or robotic surgery; however, there is expert consensus on the modification of standard practices to minimize any risk of transmission. Despite very little evidence to support viral transmission through laparoscopic or open approaches, we recommend making modifications to surgical practice such as the use of smoke evacuation and minimizing energy device use among other measures to minimize operative staff exposure to aerosolized particles."}, {"pmid": 32418028, "pmcid": "PMC7229873", "title": "Hazardous Postoperative Outcomes of Unexpected COVID-19 Infected Patients: A Call for Global Consideration of Sampling all Asymptomatic Patients Before Surgical Treatment.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Nahshon, Chen", "Bitterman, Arie", "Haddad, Riad", "Hazzan, David", "Lavie, Ofer"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418028", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified as the cause of many pneumonia cases in China and eventually declared as a pandemic as the virus spread globally. Few reports were published on the outcome of surgical procedures in diagnosed COVID-19 patients and even fewer on the surgical outcomes of asymptomatic undiagnosed COVID-19 surgical patients. We aimed to review all published data regarding surgical outcomes of preoperatively asymptomatic untested coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. This report is a review on the perioperative period in COVID-19 patients who were preoperatively asymptomatic and not tested for COVID-19. Searches were conducted in PubMed April 4th, 2020. All publications, of any design, were considered for inclusion. Four reports were identified through our literature search, comprising 64 COVID-19 carriers, of them 51 were diagnosed only in the postoperative period. Synthesis of these reports, concerning the postoperative outcomes of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during the perioperative period, suggested a 14/51 (27.5%) postoperative mortality rate and severe mostly pulmonic complications, as well as medical staff exposure and transmission. COVID-19 may have potential hazardous implications on the perioperative course. Our review presents results of unacceptable mortality rate and a high rate of severe complications. These observations warrant further well-designed studies, yet we believe it is time for a global consideration of sampling all asymptomatic patients before surgical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32404304, "title": "Covid-19 contact tracing: a briefing.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Baraniuk, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404304", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325130, "pmcid": "PMC7169879", "title": "Bayesian phylodynamic inference on the temporal evolution and global transmission of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Li, Jianguo", "Li, Zhen", "Cui, Xiaogang", "Wu, Changxin"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325130", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276002, "pmcid": "PMC7141461", "title": "Recommendations on cardiopulmonary resuscitation strategy and procedure for novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Song, Wei", "Liu, Yuanshui", "Ouyang, Yanhong", "Chen, Wenteng", "Li, Min", "Xianyu, Shuming", "Yi, Shengyang"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276002", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343747, "pmcid": "PMC7188235", "title": "Estimating the burden of United States workers exposed to infection or disease: A key factor in containing risk of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Baker, Marissa G", "Peckham, Trevor K", "Seixas, Noah S"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343747", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the global spread of COVID-19, there is a compelling public health interest in quantifying who is at increased risk of contracting disease. Occupational characteristics, such as interfacing with the public and being in close quarters with other workers, not only put workers at high risk for disease, but also make them a nexus of disease transmission to the community. This can further be exacerbated through presenteeism, the term used to describe the act of coming to work despite being symptomatic for disease. Quantifying the number of workers who are frequently exposed to infection and disease in the workplace, and understanding which occupational groups they represent, can help to prompt public health risk response and management for COVID-19 in the workplace, and subsequent infectious disease outbreaks. To estimate the number of United States workers frequently exposed to infection and disease in the workplace, national employment data (by Standard Occupational Classification) maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) was merged with a BLS O*NET survey measure reporting how frequently workers in each occupation are exposed to infection or disease at work. This allowed us to estimate the number of United States workers, across all occupations, exposed to disease or infection at work more than once a month. Based on our analyses, approximately 10% (14.4 M) of United States workers are employed in occupations where exposure to disease or infection occurs at least once per week. Approximately 18.4% (26.7 M) of all United States workers are employed in occupations where exposure to disease or infection occurs at least once per month. While the majority of exposed workers are employed in healthcare sectors, other occupational sectors also have high proportions of exposed workers. These include protective service occupations (e.g. police officers, correctional officers, firefighters), office and administrative support occupations (e.g. couriers and messengers, patient service representatives), education occupations (e.g. preschool and daycare teachers), community and social services occupations (community health workers, social workers, counselors), and even construction and extraction occupations (e.g. plumbers, septic tank installers, elevator repair). The large number of persons employed in occupations with frequent exposure to infection and disease underscore the importance of all workplaces developing risk response plans for COVID-19. Given the proportion of the United States workforce exposed to disease or infection at work, this analysis also serves as an important reminder that the workplace is a key locus for public health interventions, which could protect both workers and the communities they serve."}, {"pmid": 32369669, "title": "A Neuroendocrine Tumor Specialty Center in New Orleans' (NOLANETS) Response to Patient Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Ramirez, Robert A", "Bren-Mattison, Yvette", "Thiagarajan, Ramcharan", "Boudreaux, J Philip", "Marsala, Andrew J", "Ryan, Pamela", "Maluccio, Mary A"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369669", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474092, "pmcid": "PMC7255727", "title": "COVID-19 associated encephalopathies and cerebrovascular disease: the New Orleans experience.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Scullen, Tyler", "Keen, Joseph", "Mathkour, Mansour", "Dumont, Aaron S", "Kahn, Lora"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474092", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361513, "pmcid": "PMC7169902", "title": "Where do we stand with antithrombotic prophylaxis in patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Ciavarella, Alessandro", "Peyvandi, Flora", "Martinelli, Ida"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361513", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437881, "pmcid": "PMC7207114", "title": "Pediatrician Attitudes Toward and Experiences With Telehealth Use: Results From a National Survey.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Sisk, Blake", "Alexander, Joshua", "Bodnar, Chelsea", "Curfman, Alison", "Garber, Kelli", "McSwain, S David", "Perrin, James M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437881", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The American Academy of Pediatrics 2015 policy statement on telehealth proposed that telehealth could increase access to high-quality pediatric care and that pediatricians should work to reduce barriers to telehealth for their patients. However, little is known about pediatricians' experiences with and attitudes toward telehealth. Data from a nationally representative survey of American Academy of Pediatrics postresidency US member pediatricians in 2016, restricted to respondents providing direct patient care (n\u00a0=\u00a0744; response rate\u00a0=\u00a048.7%). Survey collected information on experience with telehealth in the previous 12 months, perceived barriers to telehealth incorporation, and conditions under which nonusers would consider using telehealth. In addition to descriptive statistics, we used multivariable logistic regression to examine characteristics associated with any telehealth experience in the past 12 months. Fifteen percent of pediatricians reported any telehealth use in the 12 months prior to the survey. The most commonly reported barriers to telehealth adoption were insufficient payment and billing issues. Multivariable regression models indicated that pediatricians in rural areas, the West, and subspecialists were most likely to report telehealth use, and identifying barriers was negatively associated with telehealth use. Among nonusers, over half indicated they would consider adopting telehealth if they were paid for the visits. Telehealth is considered an important health care delivery mechanism, but only 15% of pediatricians in 2016 reported having used telehealth. Reducing barriers will be instrumental in promoting future telehealth adoption. Many barriers have been reduced during the response to COVID-19, and the impact of these policy changes will need further study."}, {"pmid": 32362498, "pmcid": "PMC7183955", "title": "Telemedicine Online Visits in Urology During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Potential, Risk Factors, and Patients' Perspective.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Boehm, Katharina", "Ziewers, Stefani", "Brandt, Maximilian P", "Sparwasser, Peter", "Haack, Maximilian", "Willems, Franziska", "Thomas, Anita", "Dotzauer, Robert", "Hofner, Thomas", "Tsaur, Igor", "Haferkamp, Axel", "Borgmann, Hendrik"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362498", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed considerable strain on hospital resources. We explored whether telemedicine (defined as a videoconference) might help. We undertook prospective structured phone interviews of urological patients (n\u2009=\u2009399). We evaluated their suitability for telemedicine (judged by a panel of four physicians) and their risks from COVID-19 (10 factors for a poor outcome), and collected willingness for telemedicine and demographic data. Risk factors for an adverse outcome from COVID-19 infection were common (94.5% had one or more) and most patients (63.2%) were judged suitable for telemedicine. When asked, 84.7% of patients wished for a telemedical rather than a face-to-face consultation. Those favouring telemedicine were younger (68 [58-75] vs 76 [70-79.2] yr, p\u2009<\u20090.001). There was no difference in preference with oncological (mean 86%) or benign diagnoses (mean 85%), or with COVID-19 risks factors. In subgroup analysis, men with prostate cancer preferred telemedicine (odds ratio: 2.93 [1.07-8.03], p\u2009=\u20090.037). We concluded that many urological patients have risk factors for a poor outcome from COVID-19 and most preferred telemedicine consultations at this time. This appears to be a solution to offer contact-free continuity of care. PATIENT SUMMARY: Risk factors for a severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 are common (94.5%) in urology patients. Most patients wished for a telemedical consultation (84.7%). This appears to be a solution to offer contact-free continuity of care."}, {"pmid": 32350857, "pmcid": "PMC7267363", "title": "Immediate and long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on delivery of surgical services.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Soreide, K", "Hallet, J", "Matthews, J B", "Schnitzbauer, A A", "Line, P D", "Lai, P B S", "Otero, J", "Callegaro, D", "Warner, S G", "Baxter, N N", "Teh, C S C", "Ng-Kamstra, J", "Meara, J G", "Hagander, L", "Lorenzon, L"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350857", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic is having a collateral health effect on delivery of surgical care to millions of patients. Very little is known about pandemic management and effects on other services, including delivery of surgery. This was a scoping review of all available literature pertaining to COVID-19 and surgery, using electronic databases, society websites, webinars and preprint repositories. Several perioperative guidelines have been issued within a short time. Many suggestions are contradictory and based on anecdotal data at best. As regions with the highest volume of operations per capita are being hit, an unprecedented number of operations are being cancelled or deferred. No major stakeholder seems to have considered how a pandemic deprives patients with a surgical condition of resources, with patients disproportionally affected owing to the nature of treatment (use of anaesthesia, operating rooms, protective equipment, physical invasion and need for perioperative care). No recommendations exist regarding how to reopen surgical delivery. The postpandemic evaluation and future planning should involve surgical services as an essential part to maintain appropriate surgical care for the population during an outbreak. Surgical delivery, owing to its cross-cutting nature and synergistic effects on health systems at large, needs to be built into the WHO agenda for national health planning. Patients are being deprived of surgical access, with uncertain loss of function and risk of adverse prognosis as a collateral effect of the pandemic. Surgical services need a contingency plan for maintaining surgical care in an ongoing or postpandemic phase."}, {"pmid": 32340998, "title": "Covid-19: What do we know so far about a vaccine?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340998", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406687, "pmcid": "PMC7241739", "title": "In Silico Exploration of the Molecular Mechanism of Clinically Oriented Drugs for Possibly Inhibiting SARS-CoV-2's Main Protease.", "journal": "J Phys Chem Lett", "authors": ["Huynh, Tien", "Wang, Haoran", "Luan, Binquan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406687", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic without any well-calibrated treatment. To inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19, the main protease (Mpro) that performs key biological functions in the virus has been the focus of extensive studies. With the fast-response experimental efforts, the crystal structures of Mpro of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have just become available recently. Herein, we theoretically investigated the mechanism of binding between the Mpro's pocket and various marketed drug molecules being tested in clinics to fight COVID-19 that show promising outcomes. By combining the existing experimental results with our computational ones, we revealed an important ligand binding mechanism of the Mpro, demonstrating that the binding stability of a ligand inside the Mpro pocket can be significantly improved if part of the ligand occupies its so-called \"anchor\" site. Along with the highly potent drugs and/or molecules (such as nelfinavir) revealed in this study, the newly discovered binding mechanism paves the way for further optimizations and designs of Mpro's inhibitors with a high binding affinity."}, {"pmid": 32423664, "pmcid": "PMC7141632", "title": "A close-up on COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases.", "journal": "Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Li, Gang", "Hu, Rui", "Gu, Xuefang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423664", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the potential mechanism of cardiovascular dysfunctions induced by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to evaluate more effective therapeutic pathways for patients with cardiovascular diseases. COVID-19 mainly invades the lungs, causing its serious damage. Studies found that COVID-19 induced the renin-angiotensin system imbalance, inflammatory storm, hypoxemia, stress response, and so on; all contributed to hypertension and serious myocardial damage in the process of virus pathogenesis, even increasing mortality in COVID-19 patients. In the process of management of COVID-19 infections, close attention should be paid on both lung and cardiovascular damage, especially on those with only symptoms of cardiovascular diseases. Early identification, timely and effective treatments, and maintenance of hemodynamics and electrophysiological stability are of great significance on effective treatment and long-term prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32506780, "title": "Insights into laser safety considerations during COVID 19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Elsaie, Mohamed L", "Nada, Hesham A"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506780", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization has recently defined the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections as a pandemic. The infection, that may cause a potentially very severe respiratory disease, now called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has airborne transmission via droplets while less attention focused on aerosol transmission. Surgical smoke and plumes in laser clinics represent a source for aerosol particles. The aim of this article is to provide the authors opinion for the correct use of \"laser devices\" in the COVID-19 emergency and to reduce potential risks of laser airborne contaminants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32488164, "title": "Return to the lab: scientists face shiftwork, masks and distancing as coronavirus lockdowns ease.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Subbaraman, Nidhi"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488164", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473303, "pmcid": "PMC7255239", "title": "Inferior vena cava filter in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia to prevent a massive pulmonary embolism.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Cena, Tiziana", "Bazzano, Simona", "Berni, Paola", "Vignazia, Gian Luca", "Grossi, Francesca", "Stanca, Carmelo", "Cammarota, Gianmaria", "Della Corte, Francesco", "Vaschetto, Rosanna"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473303", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID 19 predispose to deep vein thrombosis . We describe an early placement of inferior vena cava filter added to the therapeutic anticoagulation to prevent a massive pulmonary embolism."}, {"pmid": 32524516, "title": "Evaluation of variation in D-dimer levels among COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia: a retrospective analysis.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Yu, Bilian", "Li, Xin", "Chen, Jin", "Ouyang, Mingqi", "Zhang, Hong", "Zhao, Xinge", "Tang, Liang", "Luo, Qin", "Xu, Min", "Yang, Lizhen", "Huang, Guxiang", "Liu, Xianling", "Tang, Jianjun"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524516", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the recent outbreak of novel coronavirus infection worldwide, the risk of thrombosis and bleeding should be concerned. We aimed to observe the dynamic changes of D-dimer levels during disease progression to evaluate their value for thrombosis. In this study, we report the clinical and laboratory results of 57 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and 46 patients with confirmed community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CAP). And their concentrations of D-dimer, infection-related biomarkers, and conventional coagulation were retrospectively analyzed. The Padua prediction score is used to identify patients at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The results found that, on admission, both in COVID-19 patients and CAP patients, D-dimer levels were significantly increased, and compared with CAP patients, D-dimer levels were higher in COVID-19 patients (P\u2009 < 0.05). Besides, we found that in COVID-19 patients, D-dimer were related with markers of inflammation, especially with hsCRP (R = 0.426, P < 0.05). However, there was low correlation between VTE score and D-dimer levels (Spearman's R = 0.264, P > 0.05) weakened the role of D-dimer in the prediction of thrombosis. After treatments, D-dimer levels decreased which was synchronous with hsCRP levels in patients with good clinical prognosis, but there were still some patients with anomalous increasing D-dimer levels after therapy. In conclusion, elevated baseline D-dimer levels are associated with inflammation but not with VTE score in COVID-19 patients, suggesting that it is unreasonable to judge whether anticoagulation is needed only according to D-dimer levels. However, the abnormal changes of D-dimer and inflammatory factors suggest that anticoagulant therapy might be needed."}, {"pmid": 32332027, "title": "Administration of end-of-life drugs by family caregivers during covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bowers, Ben", "Pollock, Kristian", "Barclay, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332027", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490842, "title": "COVID-19 Fatality Rate and Performed Swabs in Italy: a Misleading Perception.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Tosi, Davide", "Verde, Alessandro", "Verde, Manuela"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490842", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) fatality rate in Italy is controversial and is largely affecting discussion on the impact of containment measures that are straining the world's social and economic fabric, such as large-scale use of isolation and quarantine, closing borders, imposing limits on public gatherings, and implementing nationwide lockdowns. The scientific community, citizens, politicians and mass media are arguing over data that seem to suggest that Italy has a significantly higher number of COVID-19-related deaths than in the rest of the world. Moreover, Italian citizens have a misleading perception related to the number of actually performed swab tests. Citizens and mass media denounce that the coverage obtained by COVID-19 swab testing in Italy is not in line with other countries all over the world. In this paper, we try to clarify, with a set of statistical analysis conducted world-wide, both aspects by highlighting the actual numbers and by comparing them with the official data available. The analysis clearly shows that the Italian COVID-19 fatality and mortality rate are in line with the official world scenario, and these findings are true also for the number of COVID-19 swabs performed in Italy and in Lombardy Region. Up-to-date analysis of this type may simplify the understanding of the pandemic evolution. "}, {"pmid": 32475309, "title": "Considerations for Telepsychiatry Service Implementation in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatr Serv", "authors": ["Jordan, Ayana", "Dixon, Lisa B"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32139890, "pmcid": "PMC7095842", "title": "Author Correction: China's response to a novel coronavirus stands in stark contrast to the 2002 SARS outbreak response.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Nkengasong, John"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32139890", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32361409, "pmcid": "PMC7187813", "title": "Protective immunity after COVID-19 has been questioned: What can we do without SARS-CoV-2-IgG detection?", "journal": "Cell Immunol", "authors": ["Melgaco, Juliana Gil", "Azamor, Tamiris", "Ano Bom, Ana Paula Dinis"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361409", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces a severe acute respiratory syndrome that is called COVID-19. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 include diarrhea, pneumonia, lymphopenia, exhausted lymphocytes, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Immunology is part of the process of clinical evolution, but there are some questions around immunity-based protection: (1) why some infected people have only mild symptoms of the disease or are asymptomatic; (2) why delayed and weak antibody responses are associated with severe outcomes; and (3) why positivity in molecular tests does not represent protective antibody IgG. Perhaps T cell responses may be the key to solving those questions. SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells persist in peripheral blood and may be capable of providing effective information about protective immunity. The T cells studies can be helpful in elucidating the pathways for development of vaccines, therapies, and diagnostics for COVID-19 and for filling these immunology knowledge gaps."}, {"pmid": 32501017, "title": "Novel coronavirus and regular physical activity involvement: Opinion.", "journal": "Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med", "authors": ["Onagbiye, Sunday O", "Mchiza, Zandile J R", "Bassett, Susan H", "Travill, Andre", "Eijnde, Bert O"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501017", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (NCOVID-19) has quickly become a public health concern globally and needs urgent attention. While there is no current evidence of vaccines and specific drugs to prevent and treat the ailments emanating from NCOVID-19 infections, complementary and conventional medical treatments could prove beneficial in ameliorating some of the respiratory difficulties, especially in countries in sub-Saharan Africa. These treatments include specific breathing exercises, a diet that strengthens the immune system, as well as avoiding tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. On the other hand, for those who have not contracted the virus, participation in indoor and within-the-yard physical activity could be beneficial in preventing unwanted weight gain as well as associated conditions such as anxiety and depression."}, {"pmid": 32474605, "title": "The CALL score for predicting outcomes in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Grifoni, Elisa", "Valoriani, Alice", "Cei, Francesco", "Vannucchi, Vieri", "Moroni, Federico", "Pelagatti, Lorenzo", "Tarquini, Roberto", "Landini, Giancarlo", "Masotti, Luca"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474605", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412552, "pmcid": "PMC7221374", "title": "Improper Solid Waste Management Increases Potential for COVID-19 Spread in Developing Countries.", "journal": "Resour Conserv Recycl", "authors": ["Nzediegwu, Christopher", "Chang, Scott X"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412552", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529577, "pmcid": "PMC7288264", "title": "COVID-19 encephalopathy: detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in CSF.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Andriuta, Daniela", "Roger, Pierre-Alexandre", "Thibault, William", "Toublanc, Benedicte", "Sauzay, Chloe", "Castelain, Sandrine", "Godefroy, Olivier", "Brochot, Etienne"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529577", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314249, "pmcid": "PMC7168566", "title": "Bariatric Surgical Practice During the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Aminian, Ali", "Kermansaravi, Mohammad", "Azizi, Shahriar", "Alibeigi, Peyman", "Safamanesh, Sina", "Mousavimaleki, Ali", "Rezaei, Mohammad Taghi", "Faridi, Maziar", "Mokhber, Somayeh", "Pazouki, Abdolreza", "Safari, Saeed"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314249", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is no data on patients with severe obesity who developed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after bariatric surgery. Four gastric bypass operations, performed in a 2-week period between Feb 24 and March 4, 2020, in Tehran, Iran, were complicated with COVID-19. The mean age and body mass index were 46\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u00a0years and 49\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u00a0kg/m2. Patients developed their symptoms (fever, cough, dyspnea, and fatigue) 1, 2, 4, and 14\u00a0days after surgery. One patient had unnoticed anosmia 2 days before surgery. Three patients were readmitted in hospital. All 4 patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine. In two patients who required admission in intensive care unit, other off-label therapies including antiretroviral and immunosuppressive agents were also administered. All patients survived. In conclusion, COVID-19 can complicate the postoperative course of patients after bariatric surgery. Correct diagnosis and management in the postoperative setting would be challenging. Timing of infection after surgery in our series would raise the possibility of hospital transmission of COVID-19: from asymptomatic patients at the time of bariatric surgery to the healthcare workers versus acquiring the COVID-19 infection by non-infected patients in the perioperative period."}, {"pmid": 32448590, "pmcid": "PMC7186205", "title": "Marked Up-Regulation of ACE2 in Hearts of Patients With Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Implications for SARS-CoV-2-Mediated COVID-19.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Bos, J Martijn", "Hebl, Virginia B", "Oberg, Ann L", "Sun, Zhifu", "Herman, Daniel S", "Teekakirikul, Polakit", "Seidman, Jonathan G", "Seidman, Christine E", "Dos Remedios, Cristobal G", "Maleszewski, Joseph J", "Schaff, Hartzell V", "Dearani, Joseph A", "Noseworthy, Peter A", "Friedman, Paul A", "Ommen, Steve R", "Brozovich, Frank V", "Ackerman, Michael J"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448590", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the transcriptomic differences between patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and controls. RNA was extracted from cardiac tissue flash frozen at therapeutic surgical septal myectomy for 106 patients with HCM and 39 healthy donor hearts. Expression profiling of 37,846 genes was performed using the Illumina Human HT-12v3 Expression BeadChip. All patients with HCM were genotyped for pathogenic variants causing HCM. Technical validation was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. This study was started on January 1, 1999, and final analysis was completed on April 20,\u00a02020. Overall, 22% of the transcriptome (8443 of 37,846 genes) was expressed differentially between HCM and control tissues. Analysis by genotype revealed that gene expression changes were similar among genotypic subgroups of HCM, with only 4% (1502 of 37,846) to 6% (2336 of 37,846) of the transcriptome exhibiting differential expression between genotypic subgroups. The qRT-PCR confirmed differential expression in 92% (11 of 12 genes) of tested transcripts. Notably, in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the transcript for angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a negative regulator of the angiotensin system, was the single most up-regulated gene in HCM (fold-change, 3.53; q-value =1.30\u00d710-23), which was confirmed by qRT-PCR in triplicate (fold change, 3.78; P=5.22\u00d710-4), and Western blot confirmed greater than 5-fold overexpression of ACE2 protein (fold change, 5.34; P=1.66\u00d710-6). More than 20% of the transcriptome is expressed differentially between HCM and control tissues. Importantly, ACE2 was the most up-regulated gene in HCM, indicating perhaps the heart's compensatory effort to mount an antihypertrophic, antifibrotic response. However, given that\u00a0the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses ACE2 for viral entry, this 5-fold increase in ACE2 protein may confer increased risk for COVID-19 manifestations and outcomes in patients with increased ACE2 transcript expression and protein levels in the heart."}, {"pmid": 32325026, "pmcid": "PMC7172722", "title": "Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Varga, Zsuzsanna", "Flammer, Andreas J", "Steiger, Peter", "Haberecker, Martina", "Andermatt, Rea", "Zinkernagel, Annelies S", "Mehra, Mandeep R", "Schuepbach, Reto A", "Ruschitzka, Frank", "Moch, Holger"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325026", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405218, "pmcid": "PMC7211812", "title": "Effects of COVID-19 pandemic in the field of orthopaedics.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Haleem, Abid", "Javaid, Mohd", "Vaishya, Raju", "Vaish, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405218", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330631, "pmcid": "PMC7172655", "title": "Comment on \"Dermatology residents and the care of COVID-19 patients\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Patel, Basil"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330631", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125128, "title": "[Estimating the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Y", "You, X Y", "Wang, Y J", "Peng, L P", "Du, Z C", "Gilmour, S", "Yoneoka, D", "Gu, J", "Hao, C", "Hao, Y T", "Li, J H"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125128", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: The number of confirmed and suspected cases of the COVID-19 in Hubei province is still increasing. However, the estimations of the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 varied greatly across studies. The objectives of this study are 1) to estimate the basic reproduction number (R(0)) of COVID-19 reflecting the infectiousness of the virus and 2) to assess the effectiveness of a range of controlling intervention. Methods: The reported number of daily confirmed cases from January 17 to February 8, 2020 in Hubei province were collected and used for model fit. Four methods, the exponential growth (EG), maximum likelihood estimation (ML), sequential Bayesian method (SB) and time dependent reproduction numbers (TD), were applied to estimate the R(0). Results: Among the four methods, the EG method fitted the data best. The estimated R(0) was 3.49 (95%CI: 3.42-3.58) by using EG method. The R(0) was estimated to be 2.95 (95%CI: 2.86-3.03) after taking control measures. Conclusions: In the early stage of the epidemic, it is appropriate to estimate R(0) using the EG method. Meanwhile, timely and effective control measures were warranted to further reduce the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32522556, "title": "The impact of asthma on mortality in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Lieberman-Cribbin, Wil", "Rapp, Joseph", "Alpert, Naomi", "Tuminello, Stephanie", "Taioli, Emanuela"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522556", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462732, "title": "Informing Emergency Care for all patients: The Registry for Emergency Care (REC) Project Protocol.", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["O'Reilly, G M", "Mitchell, R D", "Mitra, B", "Noonan, M P", "Hiller, R", "Brichko, L", "Luckhoff, C", "Paton, A", "Smit, D", "Cameron, P A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462732", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Australia, the current emergency department (ED) burden related to COVID-19 is from 'suspected' rather than 'confirmed' cases. The initial aim of the Registry for Emergency Care (REC) Project is to determine the impact of isolation processes on the emergency care of all patients. The REC Project builds on the COVID-19 Emergency Department Quality Improvement Project (COVED). Outcomes measured include times to critical assessment and management. Clinical tools will be generated to inform emergency care, both during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The REC Project will support ED clinicians in the emergency care of all patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32442619, "pmcid": "PMC7235567", "title": "Thoracic Surgical Oncology in Lombardy: How to Do It During COVID-19 Time?", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Bertolaccini, Luca", "Spaggiari, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394052, "pmcid": "PMC7212731", "title": "The Influence of COVID-19 on Air Quality in India: A Boon or Inutile.", "journal": "Bull Environ Contam Toxicol", "authors": ["Gautam, Sneha"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394052", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus diseases-2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease identified in late December, 2019, in Wuhan city of China, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Most countries including India have announced some sort of lockdown to reduce the effects of COVID-19 and discontinue the transmission of novel coronavirus. Major negative effects on the social and surrounding environment have been reported due to COVID-19, however positive effects have also been observed with respect to air quality. Secondary results have been taken from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), indicating significant reduction (50%) in air quality of Indian region. This perspective highlights the effects of the lockdown due to COVID-19 on aerosol optical thickness specifically in India."}, {"pmid": 32472991, "title": "2019 novel coronavirus: what is currently known, cardiovascular implications and management.", "journal": "Minerva Cardioangiol", "authors": ["Cappannoli, Luigi", "Scacciavillani, Roberto", "Iannaccone, Giulia", "Anastasia, Gianluca", "Di Giusto, Federico", "Crea, Filippo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472991", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From first cases reported on December 31, 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei-China, SARS-CoV2 has spread worldwide and finally the World Health Organization declared the pandemic status. We summarize what makes SARS-CoV2 different from previous highly pathogenic coronaviruses and why it is so contagious, with focus on its clinical presentation and diagnosis, which is mandatory to start the appropriate management and reduce the transmission. As far as infection pathophysiology is still not completely clarified, this review focuses also on the cardiovascular (CV) implication of COVID-19 and the capability of this virus to cause direct myocardial injury, myocarditis and other CV manifestations. Furthermore, we highlight the relationship between the virus, enzyme ACE2 and ACE inhibitors. Clinical management involves the intensive care approach with intubation and mechanical ventilation in the most serious cases and drug therapy with several apparently promising old and new molecules. Aim of this review is then to summarize what is actually known about the SARS-CoV2 and its cardiovascular implications."}, {"pmid": 32436948, "title": "Subacute Thyroiditis After Sars-COV-2 Infection.", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Brancatella, Alessandro", "Ricci, Debora", "Viola, Nicola", "Sgro, Daniele", "Santini, Ferruccio", "Latrofa, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436948", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a thyroid disease of viral or postviral origin. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that began in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly worldwide and Italy has been severely affected by this outbreak. The objective of this work is to report the first case of SAT related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We describe the clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of an 18-year-old woman who came to our attention for fever, neck pain radiated to the jaw, and palpitations occurring 15 days after a SARS-CoV-2-positive oropharyngeal swab. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had been mild and the patient had completely recovered in a few days. At physical examination the patient presented with a slightly increased heart rate and a painful and enlarged thyroid on palpation. At laboratory exams free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine were high, thyrotropin undetectable, and inflammatory markers and white blood cell count elevated. Bilateral and diffuse hypoechoic areas were detected at neck ultrasound. One month earlier, thyroid function and imaging both were normal. We diagnosed SAT and the patient started prednisone. Neck pain and fever recovered within 2 days and the remaining symptoms within 1 week. Thyroid function and inflammatory markers normalized in 40 days. We report the first case of SAT after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We alert clinicians to additional and unreported clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32433272, "pmcid": "PMC7273935", "title": "Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: The COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Khanna, Sahil", "Pardi, Darrell"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311843, "pmcid": "PMC7264532", "title": "Thromboembolic events and apparent heparin resistance in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Lab Hematol", "authors": ["Beun, Robert", "Kusadasi, Nuray", "Sikma, Maaike", "Westerink, Jan", "Huisman, Albert"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311843", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, the global healthcare system is overwhelmed by patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, which is the cause of the coronavirus pandemic (Covid-2019). A large number of these patients end up in the intensive care units (ICU) with critical illness requiring mechanical ventilation. One of the most important clinical features of the infection is a profound coagulopathy. In a recent cohort study 71% of patients who eventually died matched the ISTH criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), while this percentage was only 0.6% in patients who survived."}, {"pmid": 32485102, "title": "Current Perspective of Antiviral Strategies against COVID-19.", "journal": "ACS Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ahidjo, Bintou Ahmadou", "Loe, Marcus", "Ng, Yan Ling", "Mok, Chee Keng", "Chu, Justin Jang Hann"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485102", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation on March 11, 2020. This novel coronavirus disease, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in severe and unprecedented social and economic disruptions globally. Since the discovery of COVID-19 in December 2019, numerous antivirals have been tested for efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and also clinically in order to treat this disease. This review article discusses the main antiviral strategies currently employed and summarizes reported in vitro and in vivo efficacies of key antiviral compounds in use."}, {"pmid": 32389846, "pmcid": "PMC7206424", "title": "Ascertainment rate of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Japan.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Omori, Ryosuke", "Mizumoto, Kenji", "Nishiura, Hiroshi"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389846", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To estimate the ascertainment rate of novel coronavirus (COVID-19). We analyzed the epidemiological dataset of confirmed cases with COVID-19 in Japan as of 28 February 2020. A statistical model was constructed to describe the heterogeneity of reporting rate by age and severity. We estimated the number of severe and non-severe cases, accounting for under-ascertainment. The ascertainment rate of non-severe cases was estimated at 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.37, 0.50), indicating that unbiased number of non-cases would be more than twice the reported count. Severe cases are twice more likely diagnosed and reported than other cases. Considering that reported cases are usually dominated by non-severe cases, the adjusted total number of cases is also about a double of observed count. Our finding is critical in interpreting the reported data, and it is advised to interpret mild case data of COVID-19 as always under-ascertained."}, {"pmid": 32359943, "pmcid": "PMC7185000", "title": "A cluster of health care workers with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Wei, Xiao-Shan", "Wang, Xiao-Rong", "Zhang, Jian-Chu", "Yang, Wei-Bing", "Ma, Wan-Li", "Yang, Bo-Han", "Jiang, Nan-Chuan", "Gao, Zhan-Cheng", "Shi, Huan-Zhong", "Zhou, Qiong"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359943", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, Hubei, China, spreads across national and international borders. We prospectively collected medical records of 14 health care workers (HCWs) who were infected with SARS-CoV-2, in neurosurgery department of Wuhan Union Hospital, China. Among the 14 HCWs, 12 were conformed cases, the other 2 were suspected cases. Most of them were either exposed to the two index patients or infected coworkers, without knowing they were COVID-19 patients. There were 4 male and 10 female infected HCWs in this cohort, whose mean age was 36 years (SD, 6 years). The main symptoms included myalgia or fatigue (100%), fever (86%) and dry cough (71%). On admission, 79% of infected HCWs showed leucopenia and 43% lymphopenia. Reduced complement C3 could be seen in 57% of the infected HCWs and IL-6 was significantly elevated in 86% of them. The proportion of lymphocytes subsets, concentrations of immunoglobulins, complement C4, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3 were within normal range in these 14 infected HCWs. The most frequent findings on pulmonary computed tomographic images were bilateral multifocal ground-glass opacifications (86%). Human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 pneumonia has occurred among HCWs, and most of these infected HCWs with confirmed COVID-19 are mild cases. Our data suggest that in the epidemic area of COVID-19, stringent and urgent surveillance and infection-control measures should be implemented to protect doctors and nurses from COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32271607, "title": "Role of Social Media and Telemedicine in Diagnosis & Management of COVID-19; An Experience of the Iranian Society of Radiology.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Sanei Taheri, Morteza", "Falahati, Farahnaz", "Radpour, Alireza", "Karimi, Vahid", "Sedaghat, Abdolrasoul", "Karimi, Mohammad Ali"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217705, "title": "Race to find COVID-19 treatments accelerates.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Kupferschmidt, Kai", "Cohen, Jon"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217705", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533665, "title": "Hospital pharmacist challenges in evaluation of scientific evidence and its incorporation to pharmacotherapeutic protocols through therapeutic committees in COVID-19 times.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Fernandez-Llamazares, Cecilia M", "Lopez-Briz, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533665", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Type 2 coronavirus pandemics that is plaguing almost all the world has\u00a0caused\u00a0 qualitative and quantitative strains in health systems that have had to\u00a0be responded to. The lack of known vaccines and effective treatments has\u00a0generated\u00a0the need to\u00a0 use drugs with very little evidence for their incorporation\u00a0into pharmacotherapeutic\u00a0 protocols agreed by the clinical team. The hospital\u00a0pharmacist, within the\u00a0 multidisciplinary team, has been responsible for\u00a0critically evaluating the alternatives and positioning them in these protocols.\u00a0Finally, some ethical and legal questions\u00a0 that should be considered in\u00a0this scenario are analyzed in this article."}, {"pmid": 32415617, "pmcid": "PMC7228861", "title": "Research with Marginalized Communities: Challenges to Continuity During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Sevelius, Jae M", "Gutierrez-Mock, Luis", "Zamudio-Haas, Sophia", "McCree, Breonna", "Ngo, Azize", "Jackson, Akira", "Clynes, Carla", "Venegas, Luz", "Salinas, Arianna", "Herrera, Cinthya", "Stein, Ellen", "Operario, Don", "Gamarel, Kristi"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415617", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413015, "title": "Additional Suggestions for Organ Donation During COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Transplantation", "authors": ["Vargas, Maria", "Iacovazzo, Carmine", "Servillo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413015", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306836, "pmcid": "PMC7196923", "title": "Novel 2019 coronavirus structure, mechanism of action, antiviral drug promises and rule out against its treatment.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Boopathi, Subramanian", "Poma, Adolfo B", "Kolandaivel, Ponmalai"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306836", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the past two decades, the world has faced several infectious disease outbreaks. Ebola, Influenza A (H1N1), SARS, MERS, and Zika virus have had a massive global impact in terms of economic disruption, the strain on local and global public health. Most recently, the global outbreak of novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 is a newly discovered virus from the coronavirus family in Wuhan city, China, known to be a great threat to the public health systems. As of 15 April 2020, The Johns Hopkins University estimated that the COVID-19 affected more than two million people, resulting in a death toll above 130,000 around the world. Infected people in Europe and America correspond about 40% and 30% of the total reported cases respectively. At this moment only few Asian countries have controlled the disease, but a second wave of new infections is expected. Predicting inhibitor and target to the COVID-19 is an urgent need to protect human from the disease. Therefore, a protocol to identify anti-COVID-19 candidate based on computer-aided drug design is urgently needed. Thousands of compounds including approved drugs and drugs in the clinical trial are available in the literature. In practice, experimental techniques can measure the time and space average properties but they cannot be captured the structural variation of the COVID-19 during the interaction of inhibitor. Computer simulation is particularly suitable to complement experiments to elucidate conformational changes at the molecular level which are related to inhibition process of the COVID-19. Therefore, computational simulation is essential tool to elucidate the phenomenon. The structure-based virtual screening computational approach will be used to filter the best drugs from the literature, the investigate the structural variation of COVID-19 with the interaction of the best inhibitor is a fundamental step to design new drugs and vaccines which can combat the coronavirus. This mini-review will address novel coronavirus structure, mechanism of action, and trial test of antiviral drugs in the lab and patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32298494, "pmcid": "PMC7262020", "title": "The role of children in the transmission of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["de Niet, Annikki", "Waanders, Bart L", "Walraven, Iris"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298494", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530161, "title": "Status and Suggestions on Postmortem Examination during the Outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Du, S H", "Chen, X B", "Zhu, B F", "Li, D R"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32152585, "pmcid": "PMC7073250", "title": "In the fight against the new coronavirus outbreak, we must also struggle with human bias.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Goncalves-Sa, Joana"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152585", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513850, "title": "Early Insights into Immune Responses during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Immunol", "authors": ["St John, Ashley L", "Rathore, Abhay P S"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513850", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the newly emerged virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and was recently declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. In its severe form, the disease is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome, and there are no targeted intervention strategies to treat or prevent it. The immune response is thought to both contribute to the pathogenesis of disease and provide protection during its resolution. Thus, understanding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is of the utmost importance for developing and testing vaccines and therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the earliest knowledge and hypotheses of the mechanisms of immune pathology in the lung during acute infection as well at the later stages of disease resolution, recovery, and immune memory formation."}, {"pmid": 32358218, "title": "COVID-19 presenting with ophthalmoparesis from cranial nerve palsy.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Dinkin, Marc", "Gao, Virginia", "Kahan, Joshua", "Bobker, Sarah", "Simonetto, Marialaura", "Wechsler, Paul", "Harpe, Jasmin", "Greer, Christine", "Mints, Gregory", "Salama, Gayle", "Tsiouris, Apostolos John", "Leifer, Dana"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358218", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neurological complications of COVID-19 are not well described. We report two patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 after presenting with diplopia and ophthalmoparesis."}, {"pmid": 32271460, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: a bibliometric analysis and review.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Lou, J", "Tian, S-J", "Niu, S-M", "Kang, X-Q", "Lian, H-X", "Zhang, L-X", "Zhang, J-J"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271460", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 8, 2019, many cases of pneumonia with unknown etiology were first reported in Wuhan, China, subsequently identified as a novel coronavirus infection aroused worldwide concern. As the outbreak is ongoing, more and more researchers focused interest on the COVID-19. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the publications about COVID-19 to summarize the research hotspots and make a review, to provide reference for researchers in the world. We conducted a search in PubMed using the keywords \"COVID-19\" from inception to March 1, 2020. Identified and analyzed the data included title, corresponding author, language, publication time, publication type, research focus. 183 publications published from 2020 January 14 to 2020 February 29 were included in the study. The first corresponding authors of the publications were from 20 different countries. Among them, 78 (42.6%) from the hospital, 64 (35%) from the university and 39 (21.3%) from the research institution. All the publications were published in 80 different journals. Journal of Medical Virology published most of them (n=25). 60 (32.8%) were original research, 29 (15.8%) were review, 20 (10.9%) were short communications. 68 (37.2%) epidemiology, 49 (26.8%) virology and 26 (14.2%) clinical features. According to our review, China has provided a large number of research data for various research fields, during the outbreak of COVID-19. Most of the findings play an important role in preventing and controlling the epidemic around the world. With research on the COVID-19 still booming, new vaccine and effective medicine for COVID-19 will be expected to come out in the near future with the joint efforts of researchers worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32405111, "pmcid": "PMC7217769", "title": "Prevalence and correlates of PTSD and depressive symptoms one month after the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in a sample of home-quarantined Chinese university students.", "journal": "J Affect Disord", "authors": ["Tang, Wanjie", "Hu, Tao", "Hu, Baodi", "Jin, Chunhan", "Wang, Gang", "Xie, Chao", "Chen, Sen", "Xu, Jiuping"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405111", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When COVID-19 emerged in China in late 2019, most citizens were home-quarantined to prevent the spread of the virus. This study explored the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in a sample of home-quarantined college students to identify the psychological distress risk factors. The PTSD and depressive symptoms in the 2485 participants from 6 universities were investigated using online survey versions of the PTSD Checklist Civilian Version and the 9-question Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9), and data on sleep durations, exposure, home-quarantine time and socio-demographic variables were also collected. The PTSD and depression prevalence were found to be 2.7% and 9.0%. Subjectively, feeling extreme fear was the most significant risk factor for psychological distress, followed by short sleep durations, being in their graduating year (4th year) and living in severely afflicted areas. Sleep durations was a mediator between exposures and mental health problems. The results suggested that the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 could be serious. Psychological interventions that reduce fear and improve sleep durations need to be made available to the home-quarantined university students, and graduating students and those in the worst-hit areas should be given priority focus."}, {"pmid": 32341002, "pmcid": "PMC7184317", "title": "Mitigating the wider health effects of covid-19 pandemic response.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Douglas, Margaret", "Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal", "Taulbut, Martin", "McKee, Martin", "McCartney, Gerry"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341002", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233926, "title": "Chest CT Findings and Clinical Conditions of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233926", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333915, "pmcid": "PMC7175851", "title": "Association of respiratory allergy, asthma, and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Jackson, Daniel J", "Busse, William W", "Bacharier, Leonard B", "Kattan, Meyer", "O'Connor, George T", "Wood, Robert A", "Visness, Cynthia M", "Durham, Stephen R", "Larson, David", "Esnault, Stephane", "Ober, Carole", "Gergen, Peter J", "Becker, Patrice", "Togias, Alkis", "Gern, James E", "Altman, Mathew C"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333915", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440972, "pmcid": "PMC7241063", "title": "Disinformation, Misinformation and Inequality-Driven Mistrust in the Time of COVID-19: Lessons Unlearned from AIDS Denialism.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Jaiswal, J", "LoSchiavo, C", "Perlman, D C"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440972", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492251, "title": "Clinical Manifestations of Children with COVID-19: a Systematic Review.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["de Souza, Tiago H", "Nadal, Jose A", "Nogueira, Roberto J N", "Pereira, Ricardo M", "Brandao, Marcelo B"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492251", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is an unprecedented global public health challenge, leading to thousands of deaths every day worldwide. Despite the epidemiological importance, clinical patterns of children with COVID-19 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, laboratorial and radiological characteristics of children with COVID-19. The Medline database was searched between December 1st 2019 and April 6th 2020. No language restrictions were applied. Inclusion criteria were: (1) studied patients younger than 18 years old; (2) presented original data from cases of COVID-19 confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction; and (3) contained descriptions of clinical manifestations, laboratory tests or radiological examinations. A total of 38 studies (1,124 cases) were included. From all the cases, 1,117 had their severity classified: 14.2% were asymptomatic, 36.3% were mild, 46.0% were moderate, 2.1% were severe and 1.2% were critical. The most prevalent symptom was fever (47.5%), followed by cough (41.5%), nasal symptoms (11.2%), diarrhea (8.1%) and nausea/vomiting (7.1%). One hundred forty-five (36.9%) children were diagnosed with pneumonia and 43 (10.9%) upper airway infections were reported. Reduced lymphocyte count were reported in 12.9% of cases. Abnormalities on computed tomography were reported in 63.0% of cases. The most prevalent abnormalities reported were ground glass opacities, patchy shadows and consolidations. Only one death was reported. Clinical manifestations of children with COVID-19 differ widely from adults cases. Fever and respiratory symptoms should not be considered a hallmark of COVID-19 in children. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32332070, "title": "Covid-19: environmental health officers and retired doctors step up to fill contact tracing void.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332070", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360440, "pmcid": "PMC7194931", "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome as a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Coen, Matteo", "Jeanson, Gregoire", "Culebras Almeida, L Alejandro", "Hubers, Annemarie", "Stierlin, Florian", "Najjar, Iris", "Ongaro, Marie", "Moulin, Kelly", "Makrygianni, Maria", "Leemann, Beatrice", "Kronig, Ilona", "Bertrand, Jerome", "Reny, Jean-Luc", "Schibler, Manuel", "Serratrice, Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360440", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414781, "title": "Serology assays to manage COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Krammer, Florian", "Simon, Viviana"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414781", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421258, "title": "Ocular manifestations and clinical characteristics of 535 cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Chen, Liwen", "Deng, Chaohua", "Chen, Xuhui", "Zhang, Xian", "Chen, Bo", "Yu, Huimin", "Qin, Yuanjun", "Xiao, Ke", "Zhang, Hong", "Sun, Xufang"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421258", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the ocular manifestations and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. A total of 535 COVID-19 patients were recruited at Mobile Cabin Hospital and Tongji Hospital. Information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, ocular symptoms, eye drop medication, eye protections, chronic eye diseases, systemic concomitant symptoms, radiologic findings and SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal swabs by real-time PCR was collected from questionnaires and electronic medical records. Of 535 patients, 27 patients (5.0%) presented with conjunctival congestion and 4 patients had conjunctival congestion as the initial symptom. The average duration of conjunctival congestion was 5.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.5\u00a0days (mean [SD]). The other ocular symptoms, including increased conjunctival secretion, ocular pain, photophobia, dry eye and tearing, were also found in patients with conjunctival congestion. Notably, hand-eye contact was independently correlated with conjunctival congestion in COVID-19 patients. We also found that some COVID-19 patients had chronic eye diseases, including conjunctivitis (33, 6.2%), xerophthalmia (24, 4.5%) and keratitis (14, 2.6%). Similar to the published studies, the most common clinical symptoms were fever, cough and fatigue. A total of 343 patients (64.1%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal swabs. Conjunctival congestion is one of the COVID-19-related ocular symptoms, which could occur as the initial symptoms. Frequent hand-eye contact may be the risk factor for conjunctival congestion in COVID-19 patients. Screening of patients with conjunctival congestion by ophthalmologists is advocated during the outbreak of COVID-19. It is essential to provide eye-care equipment and strengthen education on eye protection."}, {"pmid": 32222466, "pmcid": "PMC7102614", "title": "The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Perspectives of clinical immunologists from China.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Zhang, Wen", "Zhao, Yan", "Zhang, Fengchun", "Wang, Qian", "Li, Taisheng", "Liu, Zhengyin", "Wang, Jinglan", "Qin, Yan", "Zhang, Xuan", "Yan, Xiaowei", "Zeng, Xiaofeng", "Zhang, Shuyang"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222466", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading all over the world. Reports from China showed that about 20% of patients developed severe disease, resulting in a fatality of 4%. In the past two months, we clinical immunologists participated in multi-rounds of MDT (multidiscipline team) discussion on the anti-inflammation management of critical COVID-19 patients, with our colleagues dispatched from Chinese leading PUMC Hospital to Wuhan to admit and treat the most severe patients. Here, from the perspective of clinical immunologists, we will discuss the clinical and immunological characteristics of severe patients, and summarize the current evidence and share our experience in anti-inflammation treatment, including glucocorticoids, IL-6 antagonist, JAK inhibitors and choloroquine/hydrocholoroquine, of patients with severe COVID-19 that may have an impaired immune system."}, {"pmid": 32328367, "pmcid": "PMC7170025", "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Review of Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Hassan, Syed Adeel", "Sheikh, Fahad N", "Jamal, Somia", "Ezeh, Jude K", "Akhtar, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328367", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an enveloped RNA virus that is diversely found in humans and wildlife. A total of six species have been identified to cause disease in humans. They are known to infect the neurological, respiratory, enteric, and hepatic systems. The past few decades have seen endemic outbreaks in the form of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Yet again, we see the emergence of another outbreak due to a new strain called the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The most recent outbreak initially presented as pneumonia of unknown etiology in a cluster of patients in Wuhan, China. The epicenter of infection was linked to seafood and exotic animal wholesale markets in the city. SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and has resulted in a rapid pandemic of COVID-19. As the number of cases continues to rise, it is clear that these viruses pose a threat to public health. This review will introduce a general overview of coronavirus and describe the clinical features, evaluation, and treatment of COVID-19 patients. It will also provide a means to raise awareness among primary and secondary healthcare providers during the current pandemic. Furthermore, our review focuses on the most up-to-date clinical information for the effective\u00a0management, prevention, and counseling of patients worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32505712, "title": "The Fire This Time: The Stress of Racism, Inflammation and COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Ajilore, Olusola", "Thames, April D"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505712", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302953, "pmcid": "PMC7195108", "title": "Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 10 children with coronavirus disease 2019 in Changsha, China.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Tan, Yu-Pin", "Tan, Bo-Yu", "Pan, Jia", "Wu, Jing", "Zeng, Sai-Zhen", "Wei, Hong-Yan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302953", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a new coronavirus, first reported in Wuhan, China, is spreading around the world. Information on the characteristics of children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. In this retrospective study, we recruited 10 children infected with SARS-COV-2 from January 27 to March 10, 2020, in Changsha, China. We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and high-resolution CT findings for these children. Qualitative descriptive analysis was used to describe the key results. Ten children were included. Three were male and seven were female. Three were from Wuhan, Hubei Province, and seven were from Changsha. All had a history of close contact with adults with COVID-19 before the onset of disease. Clinical manifestations included fever in four cases, respiratory symptoms in three cases, febrile convulsions in one case, vomiting in one case, abdominal pain in one case, and asymptomatic infection in two cases. All the children tested positive for nucleic acid in throat swabs at admission. Stool swabs of three cases were positive for nucleic acid after several days of fever. In nine children, blood routine results were normal, whereas in one case the white blood cell count was elevated. In four cases, CT findings of the lungs showed light ground-glass opacities, one case showed changes similar to bronchopneumonia, and the remaining cases were normal. All were treated with symptomatic support without complications. Our findings indicate that intrafamily transmission may be the main form of transmission of COVID-19 in children, and persistent intestinal excretion of virus is another characteristic among children. The results of stool swab tests should be considered for discharge and release from isolation."}, {"pmid": 32343813, "pmcid": "PMC7197532", "title": "Impact of the digital divide in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Ramsetty, Anita", "Adams, Cristin"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343813", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461249, "title": "Covid-19 in care homes: the many determinants of this perfect storm.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Neill, Desmond"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461249", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333979, "pmcid": "PMC7175906", "title": "Lessons Already Learnt From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Sanz-Santos, Jose", "Rami-Porta, Ramon", "Call, Sergi"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470231, "title": "Community Mental Health Care in the COVID-19 Response: An Italian Example.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Caroppo, Emanuele", "Lega, Ilaria", "Cognetti, Danilo", "Rotunno, Vittoria"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470231", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358765, "pmcid": "PMC7194079", "title": "In reply: Regional anesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a time to reconsider practices? (Letters #1 and #2).", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lie, Sui An", "Wong, Sook Wai", "Wong, Loong Tat", "Wong, Theodore Gar Ling", "Chong, Shin Yuet"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358765", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425292, "pmcid": "PMC7227572", "title": "A simple remote nutritional screening tool and practical guidance for nutritional care in primary practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Krznaric, Zeljko", "Bender, Darija Vranesic", "Laviano, Alessandro", "Cuerda, Cristina", "Landi, Francesco", "Monteiro, Rosario", "Pirlich, Matthias", "Barazzoni, Rocco"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Challenging periods like the COVID-19 pandemic require fast and efficient adaptations of the healthcare system. It is vital that every patient has access to nutritional care as a part of primary healthcare services, even if social distancing measures are adopted. Therefore, we propose a simple remote nutritional screening tool and practical guidance for nutritional care in primary practice, and their implementation into telemedicine processes and digital platforms suitable for healthcare providers. The acronym for the tool is R-MAPP, as for Remote - Malnutrition APP, while the tool will be available also as an app. This protocol consists of two simple validated clinical tools for identifying nutritional risk and loss of muscle mass and function -Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool ('MUST') and SARC-F (5-item questionnaire: Strength, Assistance with walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs and Falls) - and additional practical guidance on nutritional interventions for family physicians."}, {"pmid": 32293905, "pmcid": "PMC7258645", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Clinical Samples from Critically Ill Patients.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Huang, Yongbo", "Chen, Sibei", "Yang, Zifeng", "Guan, Wenda", "Liu, Dongdong", "Lin, Zhimin", "Zhang, Yu", "Xu, Zhiheng", "Liu, Xiaoqing", "Li, Yimin"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293905", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405520, "pmcid": "PMC7219381", "title": "Anaesthesia and intensive care in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Morau, Estelle", "Bouvet, Lionel", "Keita, Hawa", "Vial, Florence", "Bonnet, Marie Pierre", "Bonnin, Martine", "Le Gouez, Agnes", "Chassard, Dominique", "Mercier, Frederic J", "Benhamou, Dan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405520", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473495, "pmcid": "PMC7245205", "title": "COVID-19 and hypercoagulability in the outpatient setting.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Emert, Roger", "Shah, Payal", "Zampella, John G"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473495", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364117, "pmcid": "PMC7166024", "title": "A neurology department at a tertiary-level hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Grandas, F", "Garcia Dominguez, J M", "Diaz Otero, F"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364117", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458194, "pmcid": "PMC7249974", "title": "Non-epileptic seizures in autonomic dysfunction as the initial symptom of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Logmin, Kazimierz", "Karam, Mohamed", "Schichel, Tanja", "Harmel, Jens", "Wojtecki, Lars"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458194", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385842, "pmcid": "PMC7207984", "title": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): the image tells the truth.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Han, Pei-Lun", "Pang, Tong", "Diao, Kai-Yue", "Yang, Zhi-Gang"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385842", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366195, "title": "Anosmia and the Need for COVID-19 Screening during the Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Karimi-Galougahi, Mahboobeh", "Raad, Nasim", "Mikaniki, Narges"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366195", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this commentary, we briefly summarize the available data from Iran and other countries on the sudden increase in anosmia, hyposmia, and hypogeusia that has coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. Alarmingly, a high proportion of patients with severe COVID-19 had isolated anosmia as the sole initial presenting symptom, which is likely due to the direct neuropathic effect of the virus rather than being secondary to nasal congestion and obstruction. Since isolated anosmia is not yet considered a prerequisite for screening for COVID-19, we wish to raise awareness on the association of anosmia with COVID-19, urging international and national health authorities to consider this association in their efforts for early detection and isolation of infected individuals and for breaking the chain of transmission. We urge our colleagues who assess patients with new-onset anosmia to strictly adhere to the safety guidelines to reduce the risk of exposure and infection during this nascent pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32202014, "pmcid": "PMC7228312", "title": "Three children who recovered from novel coronavirus 2019 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Paediatr Child Health", "authors": ["Lou, Xin Xia", "Shi, Cai Xiao", "Zhou, Chong Chen", "Tian, Yu Sheng"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202014", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269598, "pmcid": "PMC7134577", "title": "Anosmia and ageusia are emerging as symptoms in patients with COVID-19: What does the current evidence say?", "journal": "Ecancermedicalscience", "authors": ["Russell, Beth", "Moss, Charlotte", "Rigg, Anne", "Hopkins, Claire", "Papa, Sophie", "Van Hemelrijck, Mieke"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269598", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There have been several reports noting anosmia and ageusia as possible symptoms of COVID-19. This is of particular interest in oncology since patients receiving some cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or immune therapy often experience similar symptoms as side-effects. The purpose of this report was to summarise the evidence on the existence of anosmia and ageusia an emerging COVID-19 symptoms in order to better inform both oncology patients and clinicians. Currently, there is no published evidence or case reports noting anosmia or ageusia as symptoms of COVID-19. Nevertheless, experts in rhinology have suggested that the onset of such symptoms could either act as a trigger for testing for the disease where possible, or could be a new criterion to self-isolate. Whilst more data is currently needed to strengthen our knowledge of the symptoms of COVID-19, oncology patients who are concerned about anosmia or ageusia in the context of their systemic anti-cancer therapy should contact their acute oncology support line for advice."}, {"pmid": 32422948, "title": "Distribution of COVID-19 Morbidity Rate in Association with Social and Economic Factors in Wuhan, China: Implications for Urban Development.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["You, Heyuan", "Wu, Xi", "Guo, Xuxu"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422948", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social and economic factors relate to the prevention and control of infectious diseases. The purpose of this paper was to assess the distribution of COVID-19 morbidity rate in association with social and economic factors and discuss the implications for urban development that help to control infectious diseases. This study was a cross-sectional study. In this study, social and economic factors were classified into three dimensions: built environment, economic activities, and public service status. The method applied in this study was the spatial regression analysis. In the 13 districts in Wuhan, the spatial regression analysis was applied. The results showed that: 1) increasing population density, construction land area proportion, value-added of tertiary industry per unit of land area, total retail sales of consumer goods per unit of land area, public green space density, aged population density were associated with an increased COVID-19 morbidity rate due to the positive characteristics of estimated coefficients of these variables. 2) increasing average building scale, GDP per unit of land area, and hospital density were associated with a decreased COVID-19 morbidity rate due to the negative characteristics of estimated coefficients of these variables. It was concluded that it is possible to control infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, by adjusting social and economic factors. We should guide urban development to improve human health."}, {"pmid": 32412414, "title": "Public Engagement and Government Responsiveness in the Communications About COVID-19 During the Early Epidemic Stage in China: Infodemiology Study on Social Media Data.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Liao, Qiuyan", "Yuan, Jiehu", "Dong, Meihong", "Yang, Lin", "Fielding, Richard", "Lam, Wendy Wing Tak"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412414", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective risk communication about the outbreak of a newly emerging infectious disease in the early stage is critical for managing public anxiety and promoting behavioral compliance. China has experienced the unprecedented epidemic of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in an era when social media has fundamentally transformed information production and consumption patterns. This study examined public engagement and government responsiveness in the communications about COVID-19 during the early epidemic stage based on an analysis of data from Sina Weibo, a major social media platform in China. Weibo data relevant to COVID-19 from December 1, 2019, to January 31, 2020, were retrieved. Engagement data (likes, comments, shares, and followers) of posts from government agency accounts were extracted to evaluate public engagement with government posts online. Content analyses were conducted for a random subset of 644 posts from personal accounts of individuals, and 273 posts from 10 relatively more active government agency accounts and the National Health Commission of China to identify major thematic contents in online discussions. Latent class analysis further explored main content patterns, and chi-square for trend examined how proportions of main content patterns changed by time within the study time frame. The public response to COVID-19 seemed to follow the spread of the disease and government actions but was earlier for Weibo than the government. Online users generally had low engagement with posts relevant to COVID-19 from government agency accounts. The common content patterns identified in personal and government posts included sharing epidemic situations; general knowledge of the new disease; and policies, guidelines, and official actions. However, personal posts were more likely to show empathy to affected people (\u03c721=13.3, P<.001), attribute blame to other individuals or government (\u03c721=28.9, P<.001), and express worry about the epidemic (\u03c721=32.1, P<.001), while government posts were more likely to share instrumental support (\u03c721=32.5, P<.001) and praise people or organizations (\u03c721=8.7, P=.003). As the epidemic evolved, sharing situation updates (for trend, \u03c721=19.7, P<.001) and policies, guidelines, and official actions (for trend, \u03c721=15.3, P<.001) became less frequent in personal posts but remained stable or increased significantly in government posts. Moreover, as the epidemic evolved, showing empathy and attributing blame (for trend, \u03c721=25.3, P<.001) became more frequent in personal posts, corresponding to a slight increase in sharing instrumental support, praising, and empathizing in government posts (for trend, \u03c721=9.0, P=.003). The government should closely monitor social media data to improve the timing of communications about an epidemic. As the epidemic evolves, merely sharing situation updates and policies may be insufficient to capture public interest in the messages. The government may adopt a more empathic communication style as more people are affected by the disease to address public concerns."}, {"pmid": 32334881, "pmcid": "PMC7151359", "title": "Fight COVID-19 Beyond the Borders: Emergency Department Patient Diversion in Taiwan.", "journal": "Ann Emerg Med", "authors": ["Lien, Wan-Ching", "Wu, Jhong-Lin", "Tseng, Wen-Pin", "Chow-In Ko, Patrick", "Chen, Shey-Ying", "Tsai, Min-Shan", "Chang, Wei-Tien", "Huang, Chien-Hua", "Chen, Shyr-Chyr"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334881", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32121543, "pmcid": "PMC7143230", "title": "Eco-Virological Preliminary Study of Potentially Emerging Pathogens in Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) Recovered at a Wildlife Treatment and Rehabilitation Center in Northern Italy.", "journal": "Animals (Basel)", "authors": ["Delogu, Mauro", "Cotti, Claudia", "Lelli, Davide", "Sozzi, Enrica", "Trogu, Tiziana", "Lavazza, Antonio", "Garuti, Giacomo", "Castrucci, Maria Rita", "Vaccari, Gabriele", "De Marco, Maria Alessandra", "Moreno, Ana"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32121543", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Western European Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is one of the four hedgehog species belonging to the genus Erinaceus. Among them, E. amurensis is extant in East Asia's areas only, whereas E. europaeus, E. roumanicus and E. concolor are mainly found in Europe. E. europaeus is endemically distributed from western to central and southern Europe, including Italy. Western European hedgehogs' ecological and feeding habits, along with their high population densities, notable synanthropic attitudes, frequent contacts with sympatric wild and domestic species, including humans, implicate the possible involvement of E. europaeus in the ecology of potentially emerging viruses, such as coronaviruses, influenza A and influenza D viruses, canine distemper virus, pestiviruses and Aujeszky's disease virus. We examined 24 E. europaeus individuals found injured in urban and rural areas of Northern Italy. Of the 24 fecal samples collected and tested for the above-mentioned pathogens by both PCR-based and virus isolation methods, 14 were found PCR-positive for betacoronaviruses belonging to lineage C and related to the known Erinaceus coronaviruses (EriCoVs), as determined by partial sequencing of the virus genome. Our findings suggest that hedgehogs could be considered natural reservoirs of CoVs, and also act as chronic shedding carriers of these potentially emerging RNA viruses."}, {"pmid": 32452031, "title": "Cancer disparities in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Hoehn, Richard S", "Zureikat, Amer H"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452031", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487506, "pmcid": "PMC7236710", "title": "Systematic analysis of acute liver injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Debes, Jose D", "Anugwom, Chimaobi M", "Aby, Elizabeth S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487506", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458578, "title": "COVID-19 encephalopathy masquerading as substance withdrawal.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Byrnes, Sean", "Bisen, Maneesh", "Syed, Baseer", "Huda, Syed", "Siddique, Zaid", "Sampat, Parth", "Russo, Ronald", "Oueida, Zaher", "Johri, Geetanjali", "Dargon, Ian"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458578", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388471, "pmcid": "PMC7187839", "title": "Clinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay on a fully automated system for rapid on-demand testing in the hospital setting.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Norz, Dominik", "Fischer, Nicole", "Schultze, Alexander", "Kluge, Stefan", "Mayer-Runge, Ulrich", "Aepfelbacher, Martin", "Pfefferle, Susanne", "Lutgehetmann, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388471", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presents a unique challenge for diagnostic laboratories around the world. Automation of workflows in molecular diagnostics is instrumental for coping with the large number of tests ordered by clinicians, as well as providing fast-tracked rapid testing for highly urgent cases. In this study we evaluated a SARS-CoV-2 LDT for the NeuMoDx 96 system, a fully automated device performing extraction and real-time PCR. A publicly available SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay was adapted for the automated system. Analytical performance was evaluated using in-vitro transcribed RNA and clinical performance was compared to the cobas 6800-based reference assay within the lab. The Envelope (E) Gene-LDT displayed good analytical performance with an LoD of 95.55 cp/mL and no false positives during evaluation of cross-reactivity. A total of 176 patient samples were tested with both the E-Gene-LDT and the reference assay. Positive and negative agreement were 100 % and 99.2 % respectively. Invalid-rate was 6.3 %. The E-Gene-LDT showed analytical and clinical performance comparable to the cobas6800-based reference assay. Due to its random-access workflow concept and rapid time-to-result of about 80\u2009min, the system is very well suited for providing fast-tracked SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics for urgent clinical samples in the hospital setting."}, {"pmid": 32426121, "pmcid": "PMC7211421", "title": "Rapid assessment of COVID-19 suspected cases: A community based approach for developing countries like Pakistan.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Shahzad, Naeem", "Abid, Irfan", "Mirza, Wajahat Javed", "Iqbal, Muhammad Mazhar"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426121", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417674, "pmcid": "PMC7211760", "title": "Multi-center evaluation of cepheid xpert(R) xpress SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care test during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Wolters, Femke", "van de Bovenkamp, Jeroen", "van den Bosch, Bart", "van den Brink, Sharon", "Broeders, Maaike", "Chung, Ngoc Hoa", "Favie, Barbara", "Goderski, Gabriel", "Kuijpers, Judith", "Overdevest, Ilse", "Rahamat-Langedoen, Janette", "Wijsman, Lisa", "Melchers, Willem Jg", "Meijer, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417674", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, rapid diagnostics are paramount to contain the current pandemic. The routinely used realtime RT-PCR is sensitive, specific and able to process large batches of samples. However, turnaround time is long and in cases where fast obtained results are critical, molecular point of care tests (POCT) can be an alternative. Here we report on a multicenter evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care test. The Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay was evaluated against the routine in-house real-time RT-PCR assays in three medical microbiology laboratories in The Netherlands. A sensitivity and specificity panel was tested consisting of a dilution series of SARS-CoV-2 and ten samples containing SARS-CoV-2 and a range of other seasonal respiratory viruses. Additionally, 58 samples of patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 with different viral loads and 30 tested negative samples in all three Dutch laboratories using an in-house RT-PCR, were evaluated using Cepheids Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 cartridges. Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 point of care test showed equal performance compared to routine in-house testing with a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.26 copies/mL. Other seasonal respiratory viruses were not detected. In clinical samples Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 reaches an agreement of 100 % compared to all in-house RT-PCRs CONCLUSION: Cepheids GeneXpert Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 is a valuable addition for laboratories in situations where rapid and accurate diagnostics are of the essence."}, {"pmid": 32430428, "pmcid": "PMC7241115", "title": "Factors associated with prolonged viral shedding and impact of Lopinavir/Ritonavir treatment in hospitalised non-critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Yan, Dan", "Liu, Xiao-Yan", "Zhu, Ya-Nan", "Huang, Li", "Dan, Bi-Tang", "Zhang, Guo-Jun", "Gao, Yong-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430428", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The duration of viral shedding is central to guide the decisions of isolation precautions and antiviral treatment. However, studies regarding the risk factors associated with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding and the impact of Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/r) treatment on viral shedding remain scarce. Data were collected from all SARS-CoV-2 infected patients who were admitted to isolation wards and had reverse transcription polymerase chain-reaction conversion at the No.3 People's Hospital of Hubei province between 31 January and 09 March 2020. We compared clinical characteristics and SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding between patients initiated with LPV/r treatment and those without. Logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the risk factors associated with prolonged viral shedding. Of 120 patients, the median age was 52\u2005years, 54 (45%) were male and 78 (65%) received LPV/r treatment. The median duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection from symptom onset was 23\u2005days (IQR, 18-32\u2005days). Older age (odd ratio [OR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.05, p=0.03) and the lack of LPV/r treatment (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.10-5.36, p=0.029) were independent risk factors of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding. Patients who initiated LPV/r treatment within 10\u2005days from symptom onset, but not initiated from day 11 onwards, had significantly shorter viral shedding duration compared with those without LPV/r treatment (median 19\u2005days versus 28.5\u2005days, Log-rank p<0.001). Older age and the lack of LPV/r treatment were independently associated with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in patients with COVID-19. Earlier administration of LPV/r treatment could shorten viral shedding duration."}, {"pmid": 32517999, "title": "Fulminant myocarditis and COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517999", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389940, "title": "An international comparison analysis of reserve and supply system for emergency medical supplies between China, the United States, Australia, and Canada.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Wang, Xu", "Wu, Wenhui", "Song, Peipei", "He, Jiangjiang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389940", "countries": ["China", "Australia", "United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic around the world. With the explosive growth of confirmed cases, emergency medical supplies are facing global shortage, which restricts the treatment of seriously ill patients and protection of medical staff. Taking China, the United States, Australia, and Canada as examples, this study compares and analyzes the reserve and supply systems of emergency medical supplies and problems exposed in response to the COVID-19 epidemic. Some common problems were found, such as insufficient types and quantities of emergency medical supplies in reserve, insufficient emergency production capacity, and imperfect command mechanism for emergency supplies deployment and transportation. A sound reserve system of emergency medical supplies is the basis and guarantee for dealing with public health emergencies such as major outbreaks. Based on the comparison of systems and practical experience, countries around the world should further improve the reserve and supply system of emergency medical supplies, and improve the coordination and cooperation mechanism for emergency supplies for international public health emergencies, so as to cope with increasingly severe public health emergencies in the context of globalization."}, {"pmid": 32354760, "title": "Covid-19: pandemic healthcare centres should have already existed.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sharma, Neel", "Anderson, Diana"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354760", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479747, "pmcid": "PMC7259898", "title": "COVID-19 human challenge studies: ethical issues.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jamrozik, Euzebiusz", "Selgelid, Michael J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479747", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 poses an extraordinary threat to global public health and an effective vaccine could provide a key means of overcoming this crisis. Human challenge studies involve the intentional infection of research participants and can accelerate or improve vaccine development by rapidly providing estimates of vaccine safety and efficacy. Human challenge studies of low virulence coronaviruses have been done in the past and human challenge studies with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have been proposed. These studies of coronaviruses could provide considerable benefits to public health; for instance, by improving and accelerating vaccine development. However, human challenge studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in particular might be controversial, in part, for ethical reasons. The ethical issues raised by such studies thus warrant early consideration involving, for example, broad consultation with the community. This Personal View provides preliminary analyses of relevant ethical considerations regarding human challenge studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, including the potential benefits to public health and to participants, the risks and uncertainty for participants, and the third-party risks (ie, to research staff and the wider community). We argue that these human challenge studies can reasonably be considered ethically acceptable insofar as such studies are accepted internationally and by the communities in which they are done, can realistically be expected to accelerate or improve vaccine development, have considerable potential to directly benefit participants, are designed to limit and minimise risks to participants, and are done with strict infection control measures to limit and reduce third-party risks."}, {"pmid": 32468414, "title": "Virtualised care and COVID-19.", "journal": "Ir J Med Sci", "authors": ["O' Reilly, M F", "Merghani, K", "Sheehan, E"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468414", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) of the Covid-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020, health organisations and staff have had to adapt and restructure services in order to respond to this global health emergency. Numerous containment strategies have been, and continue to be, introduced in this rapidly evolving and fluid situation with a significant shift towards virtual or remote patient assessment. The concept of virtual patient evaluation has previously been adopted across a range of medical and surgical specialities yielding safe and efficient pathways associated with good Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and patient satisfaction rates. Whilst the idea of virtual patient review may be perceived as counterintuitive to the basic foundations and principles of face-to-face clinical practice, the current global pandemic, now more than ever, highlights the importance, need and benefits of this care model."}, {"pmid": 32524843, "title": "Focus on a 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Future Microbiol", "authors": ["Zhang, Ling-Pu", "Wang, Meixian", "Wang, Yanping", "Zhu, Jun", "Zhang, Nannan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524843", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was first discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of April 7, 2020, the new coronavirus has spread quickly to 184 countries and aroused the attention of the entire world. No targeted drugs have yet been available for intervention and treatment of this virus. The sharing of academic information is crucial to risk assessment and control activities in outbreak countries. In this review, we summarize the epidemiological, genetic and clinical characteristics of the virus as well as laboratory testing and treatments to understand the nature of the virus. We hope this review will be helpful to prevent viral infections in outbreak countries and regions."}, {"pmid": 32348790, "pmcid": "PMC7195041", "title": "Younger patients with MAFLD are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 illness: A multicenter preliminary analysis.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Zhou, Yu-Jie", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Wang, Xiao-Bo", "Yan, Hua-Dong", "Sun, Qing-Feng", "Pan, Ke-Hua", "Wang, Ting-Yao", "Ma, Hong-Lei", "Chen, Yong-Ping", "George, Jacob", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348790", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398180, "title": "Tackling the mental health burden of frontline healthcare staff in the COVID-19 pandemic: China's experiences.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Yifang", "Zhou, Yuning", "Song, Yanzhuo", "Ren, Luyu", "Ng, Chee H", "Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Tang, Yanqing"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398180", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433640, "title": "How the coronavirus pandemic slashed carbon emissions - in five graphs.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tollefson, Jeff"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433640", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291374, "title": "The Importance of Chest CT Scan in COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Med Indones", "authors": ["Tenda, Eric Daniel", "Yulianti, Mira", "Asaf, Moses Mazmur", "Yunus, Reyhan Eddy", "Septiyanti, Wita", "Wulani, Vally", "Pitoyo, Ceva Wicaksono", "Rumende, Cleopas Martin", "Setiati, Siti"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291374", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The\u00a0coronavirus disease 2019\u00a0(COVID-19) is a highly transmissible acute respiratory disease that is caused by the\u00a0Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2\u00a0(SARS-CoV-2), a beta coronavirus first discovered in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. COVID-19 has been spreading swiftly globally, and as of March 2020, has been officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). One of the challenges in managing COVID-19 is the identification of a swift, accessible, and reliable diagnostic modality that could serve as an alternative to a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As of the writing of this paper, RT-PCR is still the recommended tool in diagnosing COVID-19, but the notion of a more prompt and accurate diagnostic tool is a possibility worth looking into. The objective of this case study is to investigate the importance and utility of chest computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of COVID-19, as increasing pieces of evidence suggest that chest CT could prove useful in the clinical pathway in diagnosing COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32327408, "title": "Video consultations for triage of patients with covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["John, Oommen"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327408", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426118, "pmcid": "PMC7211414", "title": "Earthquake in the time of COVID-19: The story from Croatia (CroVID-20).", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Civljak, Rok", "Markotic, Alemka", "Capak, Krunoslav"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426118", "countries": ["Croatia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32187288, "title": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emergency and the role of timely and effective national health surveillance.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Lana, Raquel Martins", "Coelho, Flavio Codeco", "Gomes, Marcelo Ferreira da Costa", "Cruz, Oswaldo Goncalves", "Bastos, Leonardo Soares", "Villela, Daniel Antunes Maciel", "Codeco, Claudia Torres"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522597, "title": "Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with high dose oral zinc salts: A report on four patients.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Finzi, Eric"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522597", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic with substantial mortality and no accepted therapy. We report here on four consecutive outpatients with clinical characteristics (CDC case definition) of and/or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were treated with high dose zinc salt oral lozenges. All four patients experienced significant improvement in objective and symptomatic disease measures after one day of high dose therapy suggesting that zinc therapy was playing a role in clinical recovery. A mechanism for zinc's effects is proposed based on previously published studies on SARS- CoV-1, and randomized controlled trials assessing zinc shortening of common cold duration. The limited sample size and study design preclude a definitive statement about the effectiveness of zinc as a treatment for COVID-19 but suggest the variables to be addressed to confirm these initial findings in future trials."}, {"pmid": 32521557, "title": "[Smell disorders at COVID-19 - the current level of knowledge].", "journal": "Laryngorhinootologie", "authors": ["Otte, Martin Sylvester", "Klussmann, Jens Peter", "Luers, Jan Christoffer"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521557", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early reports of SARS-CoV-2 infections only rarely mentioned smell and taste disorders. Several studies, particularly from Europe and the USA, have now confirmed these symptoms as an early key feature of COVID-19. About 70\u200a% of patients seem to experience a reduction of smell and taste in the course of the disease, with most of the studies published to date based on questionnaires and anamnestic data. Validated smell tests have so far only been used in a few studies. A distinction between taste and taste disorders, i.\u200ae. a distinction between retronasal aroma taste and the olfactory system from the dysfunction of taste capsules and the further cranial nerves, was mostly not made in the studies available to date. Some reports associate olfactory disorders with a milder clinical course. At the same time, the olfactory system via the olfactory bulb represents an entry point into the central nervous system, and an olfactory disorder could be a predisposing factor for central neurological symptoms. The clinical significance of smell and taste disorders in COVID-19 patients is currently still unclear. Further open questions concern the exact prevalence and the prognosis, so that overall higher quality studies with validated smell tests and larger numbers of patients are required."}, {"pmid": 32305399, "pmcid": "PMC7162752", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes management: What should be considered?", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Ceriello, Antonio", "Stoian, Anca Pantea", "Rizzo, Manfredi"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305399", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425415, "pmcid": "PMC7229731", "title": "It is time for a more cautious approach to surgical diathermy, especially in COVID-19 outbreak: A schematic review.", "journal": "J Orthop", "authors": ["Karuppal, Raju", "Surendran, Sibin", "Patinharayil, Gopinathan", "Muhammed Fazil, V V", "Marthya, Anwar"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425415", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many surgeons are unaware of the risks posed by the surgical diathermy. Apart from the numerous chemicals, surgical smoke had been shown to harbour intact bacterial and virus particles especially COVID-19 in the current time. To identify the inhalational, infectious, chemical, and mutagenic risks of surgical smoke and suggest evidence-based hazard reduction strategies. Also to cogitate on the very high risk of viral spread spread by the use of surgical diathermy in COVID-19 outbreak. A review of articles indexed for MEDLINE on PubMed using the keywords surgical smoke, diathermy, electrocautery, surgical smoke hazards, smoke evacuator, and guidelines for surgical smoke safety was performed. The review included evidences from 50 articles from the dermatology, surgery, infectious disease, obstetrics, and cancer biology literature. There are risks associated with surgical smoke. Although some surgeons were aware, majority were not keen in the hazard reduction strategies. Many chemical and biological particles have been found in surgical smoke. It is highly recommended to follow the standardised guidelines for surgical smoke safety. Surgical smoke carries full virus particle(such as COVID-19 virus), it is strongly recommended to minimise or avoid electrocautery during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32415348, "pmcid": "PMC7225247", "title": "Proposal of a timing strategy for cholesteatoma surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["George, Mercy", "Alexander, Arun", "Mathew, John", "Iyer, Arunachalam", "Waterval, Jerome", "Simon, Christian", "Marchioni, Daniele", "Maire, Raphael"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 infection is an aggressive viral illness with high risk of transmission during otolaryngology examination and surgery. Cholesteatoma is known for its potential to cause complications and scheduling of surgery during the pandemic must be done carefully. The majority of otological surgeries may be classified as elective and postponed at this time (e.g., stapedotomy, tympanoplasty); whereas, others are emergencies (e.g., complicated acute otitis media, complicated cholesteatoma with cerebral or Bezold's abscess, meningitis, sinus thrombosis) and require immediate intervention. What is the ideal time for the surgical management of Cholesteatoma during the COVID-19 pandemic? Senior otologic surgeons from six teaching hospitals from various countries affected by the COVID-19 from around the world met remotely to make recommendations on reorganizing schedules for the treatment of cholesteatoma which has a risk of severe morbidity and mortality. The recommendations are based on their experiences and on available literature. Due to the high risk of infecting the surgical staff it is prudent to stop all elective ear surgeries and plan cholesteatoma surgery after careful selection of patients, based on the extent of the disease and available resources. Specific precautions including use of appropriate personal protection equipment should be followed when operating on all patients during the pandemic. To facilitate the decision-making in the management of cholesteatoma, timing for surgery can be divided into two categories with 3 and 2 sub-groups based on disease severity. Evidence on the timing of surgery of patients with cholesteatoma during the COVID-19 pandemic is lacking. This manuscript contains practical tips on how cholesteatoma surgery can be reorganized during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32405161, "pmcid": "PMC7219417", "title": "D-dimer in patients infected with COVID-19 and suspected pulmonary embolism.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Garcia-Olive, Ignasi", "Sintes, Helena", "Radua, Joaquim", "Capa, Jorge Abad", "Rosell, Antoni"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405161", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32494853, "pmcid": "PMC7267746", "title": "Neurological complications of COVID-19: a preliminary review.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Pryce-Roberts, A", "Talaei, M", "Robertson, N P"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494853", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496266, "title": "Indian response to COVID-19: Expertise and transparency.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Saraya, Anoop"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496266", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348404, "title": "What is the role of Primary Health Care in the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Sarti, Thiago Dias", "Lazarini, Welington Serra", "Fontenelle, Leonardo Ferreira", "Almeida, Ana Paula Santana Coelho"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348404", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32053148, "pmcid": "PMC7109697", "title": "Three Emerging Coronaviruses in Two Decades.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Guarner, Jeannette"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32053148", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472811, "title": "Psychosocial Reactions to Plagues in the Cultural History of Medicine: A Medical Humanities Approach.", "journal": "J Nerv Ment Dis", "authors": ["Wigand, Moritz E", "Becker, Thomas", "Steger, Florian"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472811", "countries": ["Italy", "Greece"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this work is to elucidate psychosocial reactions to plagues by analyzing three landmark descriptions from different eras: Thucydides' description of the plague of Athens (430 BC) in The History of the Peloponnesian War, Giovanni Boccaccio's description of the plague in Florence (1348) in The Decameron, and Albert Camus' description in The Plague (1947). Using a narrative inquiry, we found psychosocial reactions to be complex and ambivalent and could discern several coping strategies. We propose that this knowledge can help psychiatrists and other healthcare professionals during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32529227, "title": "COVID-19 in Peru: the need to pay attention to the high number of police deaths due to the pandemic.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Hernandez-Vasquez, Akram", "Azanedo, Diego"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529227", "countries": ["Peru"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223077, "pmcid": "PMC7228251", "title": "Neuroinfection may contribute to pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Physiol (Oxf)", "authors": ["Steardo, Luca", "Steardo, Luca Jr", "Zorec, Robert", "Verkhratsky, Alexei"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223077", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515394, "title": "Mental health in the aftermath of COVID-19: A new normal.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Naqvi, Haider A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515394", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic with its subsequent mental health consequences has challenged the word view of most people. A genome typically of 26,000-32,000 bases long RNA has shut down the wheel of man made progress. The social isolation after the lock-down has not only led to economic difficulties but also adverse psychological reactions. The most common reaction is stress, anxiety and depression when faced with life-threatening circumstances. People have to deal with the imminent issue of death which is anxiety provoking in itself. This calls for dealing with the immediate mental health consequences with the aide of technological advancements as discussed in this write-up. A new inter-personal ethics need to emerge which is scientifically correct and in-line with age old values."}, {"pmid": 32285321, "pmcid": "PMC7152741", "title": "A Call to Action: Novel Ways that Hepatologists Can Contribute to Patient Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dig Dis Sci", "authors": ["Bloom, Patricia P"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285321", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221133, "title": "Detection of serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies in 2019-novel coronavirus infected cases from different stages.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Gao, Hui-Xia", "Li, Ya-Nan", "Xu, Zun-Gui", "Wang, Yu-Ling", "Wang, Hai-Bin", "Cao, Jin-Feng", "Yuan, De-Qin", "Li, Li", "Xu, Yi", "Zhang, Zhi", "Huang, Ying", "Lu, Jian-Hua", "Liu, Yu-Zhen", "Dai, Er-Hei"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221133", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315026, "pmcid": "PMC7188160", "title": "Responding to the COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore: Staff Protection and Staff Temperature and Sickness Surveillance Systems.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Htun, Htet Lin", "Lim, Dwee Wee", "Kyaw, Win Mar", "Loh, Wan-Ning Janis", "Lee, Lay Tin", "Ang, Brenda", "Chow, Angela"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315026", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), and first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) in Singapore has routinely fit-tested staff for high filtration N95 respirators, and established web-based staff surveillance systems. The routine systems were enhanced in response to Singapore's first imported COVID-19 case on January 23,2020. We conducted a cross-sectional study, from January 23,2020 to February 23,2020, among healthcare workers to evaluate the effectiveness of the staff protection and surveillance strategy in TTSH, a 1600-bed multidisciplinary acute-care hospital co-located with the 330-bed National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID). As of February 23,2020, TTSH/NCID has managed 76% of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Singapore. The hospital adopted a multi-pronged approach to protect and monitor staff with potential COVID-19 exposures:(1) Risk-based personal protective equipment, (2) Staff fever and sickness surveillance, and (3) Enhanced medical surveillance of unwell staff. A total of 10,583 staff were placed on hospital-wide fever and sickness surveillance, with 1,524 frontline staff working in COVID-19 areas under close surveillance. Among frontline staff, a median of eight staff illness episodes was seen per day, and almost 10% (n=29) resulted in hospitalization. None of the staff was found to be infected with COVID-19. A robust staff protection and health surveillance system that is routinely implemented during non-outbreak periods and enhanced during the COVID-19 outbreak is effective in protecting frontline staff from the infection."}, {"pmid": 32364959, "pmcid": "PMC7172864", "title": "Diagnostic performance between CT and initial real-time RT-PCR for clinically suspected 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients outside Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["He, Jian-Long", "Luo, Lin", "Luo, Zhen-Dong", "Lyu, Jian-Xun", "Ng, Ming-Yen", "Shen, Xin-Ping", "Wen, Zhibo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364959", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chest CT is thought to be sensitive but less specific in diagnosing the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The diagnostic value of CT is unclear. We aimed to compare the performance of CT and initial RT-PCR for clinically suspected COVID-19 patients outside the epicentre-Wuhan, China. Patients clinically suspected of COVID-19 infection who underwent initial RT-PCR and chest CT at the same time were retrospectively enrolled. Two radiologists with specific training reviewed the CT images independently and final diagnoses of the presence or absence of COVID-19 was reached by consensus. With serial RT-PCR as reference standard, the performance of initial RT-PCR and chest CT was analysed. A strategy of combining initial RT-PCR and chest CT was analysed to study the additional benefit. 82 patients admitted to hospital between Jan 10, 2020 to Feb 28, 2020 were enrolled. 34 COVID-19 and 48 non-COVID-19 patients were identified by serial RT-PCR. The sensitivity, specificity was 79% (27/34) and 100% (48/48) for initial RT-PCR and 77% (26/34) and 96% (46/48) for chest CT. The image readers had a good interobserver agreement with Cohen's kappa of 0.69. No statistical difference was found in the diagnostic performance between initial RT-PCR and chest CT. The comprehensive strategy had a higher sensitivity of 94% (32/34). Initial RT-PCR and chest CT had comparable diagnostic performance in identification of suspected COVID-19 patients outside the epidemic center. To compensate potential risk of false-negative PCR, chest CT should be applied for clinically suspected patients with negative initial RT-PCR."}, {"pmid": 32519293, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia incidentally detected on coronary CT angiogram: a do-not-miss diagnosis.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Behzad, Shima", "Velez, Erik", "Najafi, Mohammad Hosein", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519293", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronary CT angiograms are commonly performed for the evaluation of coronary artery disease and coronary arterial anatomy. However, extracardiac findings are frequently detected on these examinations and often can explain patients' underlying symptoms, having a significant impact on patient management. Here in, we discuss three cases of incidentally detected novel COVID-19-infected pneumonia (NCIP). This case series highlights the image findings in NCIP and emphasizes the importance of evaluating all organs in the field of view on coronary CT angiograms. In addition, with the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 and exponentially increasing incidence throughout the world, this report stresses the need for including NCIP in the differential diagnosis of patients with typical image findings in at-risk populations, as early diagnosis is crucial for appropriate patient management and post-exposure recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32428367, "title": "Stay Strong: Aboriginal leaders deliver COVID-19 health messages.", "journal": "Health Promot J Austr", "authors": ["Kerrigan, Vicki", "Lee, Anne Marie", "Ralph, Anna P", "Lawton, Paul D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428367", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349596, "title": "COVID-19 and orthopaedic and trauma surgery.", "journal": "Bone Joint J", "authors": ["Haddad, Fares S"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349596", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498490, "title": "Infection control of operating room and anesthesia for cesarean section during pandemic Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) outbreak in Daegu, the republic of Korea - 8 cases report.", "journal": "Korean J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Oh, Jeongmin", "Kim, Eunju", "Kim, Hyunkyum", "Lee, Sang-Ah", "Lee, Kyeong Hee", "Yu, Mi Hyae", "An, Jihyun"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498490", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the Coronavirus diseases-19 (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China, Korea has also been exposed to the virus. In Korea, COVID-19 screening guidelines have been established in each hospital, trying to prevent the spread of infection. A case of successful Cesarean section from confirmed mother has been reported, but there are no guidelines for suspected mothers. Cesarean section can be operated urgently without sufficient evaluations of the infection. Our hospital, located in Daegu, Korea, was designated as quarantine and delivery facility for suspected mother, and Cesarean section was done to seven suspected mothers and one confirmed mother. This case report suggests the guideline for infection control of surgery and anesthesia in emergent cesarean section of COVID-19 suspected mother by preparing operating room and protection strategy."}, {"pmid": 32259560, "pmcid": "PMC7129451", "title": "Interleukin-6 as a potential biomarker of COVID-19 progression.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Ulhaq, Zulvikar Syambani", "Soraya, Gita Vita"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259560", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363010, "pmcid": "PMC7178870", "title": "Do the current cases reported to the WHO provide a realistic incidence rate of countries infected with COVID-19?", "journal": "Infect Ecol Epidemiol", "authors": ["Moradi, Ghobad", "Mohamadi Bolbanabad, Amjad", "Piroozi, Bakhtiar", "Mostafavi, Ehsan", "Veysi, Arshad", "Shokri, Azad"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363010", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233816, "pmcid": "PMC7157949", "title": "Novel coronavirus in a 15-day-old neonate with clinical signs of sepsis, a case report.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Kamali Aghdam, Mojtaba", "Jafari, Nahid", "Eftekhari, Kambiz"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233816", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction: Novel coronavirus or coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can affect all age groups. The clinical course of the disease in children and infants is milder than in adults. It should be noted that, although typical symptoms may be present in children, non-specific symptoms could be noted in the neonate. The disease is rare in the neonate, so, its suspicion in this group can help to make a quick diagnose.Case report: A 15-day-old neonate was admitted with fever, lethargy, cutaneous mottling, and respiratory distress without cough. His mother had symptoms of Novel coronavirus. So Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assay was done for the neonate and showed to be positive. The newborn was isolated and subjected to supportive care. Antibiotic and antiviral treatment was initiated. Eventually, the baby was discharged in good general condition.Conclusion: When a newborn presents with non-specific symptoms of infection with an added history of COVID-19 in his/her parents, it indicates the need for PCR testing for Novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32425633, "pmcid": "PMC7231484", "title": "Tracking the origin of early COVID-19 cases in Canada.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Naizhuo", "Liu, Ying", "Smaragiassi, Audrey", "Bernatsky, Sasha"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425633", "countries": ["China", "Canada", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The original coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China has become a global pandemic. By tracking the earliest 118 COVID-19 cases in Canada, we produced a Voronoi treemap to show the travel origins of the country's earliest COVID-19 cases. By March 11, 2020, even though the majority (64.1%) of the world's COVID-19 confirmed cases still had their origin in China, only 7.6% of Canada's first 118 COVID-19 cases arose due in travelers to China. The most commonly reported travel history among the 118 cases originated from the Middle East, the United States, and Europe. Thus, in retrospect, broadening of early screening tools and travel restrictions to countries and regions outside China may help control global COVID-19 spread."}, {"pmid": 32398302, "pmcid": "PMC7236836", "title": "Value of Chest CT as COVID 19 screening tool in children.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Merkus, Peter Jfm", "Klein, Willemijn M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398302", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203970, "pmcid": "PMC7179544", "title": "Should COVID-19 Concern Nephrologists? Why and to What Extent? The Emerging Impasse of Angiotensin Blockade.", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Perico, Luca", "Benigni, Ariela", "Remuzzi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203970", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here, we review the most recent findings on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, and examine the potential effects of ARBs on the outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Lastly, we discuss the clinical management of COVID-19 patients with existing chronic renal disorders, particularly those in dialysis and with kidney transplants."}, {"pmid": 32522738, "title": "Community health workers for pandemic response: a rapid evidence synthesis.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Bhaumik, Soumyadeep", "Moola, Sandeep", "Tyagi, Jyoti", "Nambiar, Devaki", "Kakoti, Misimi"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522738", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), affects 213 countries or territories globally. We received a request from National Health Systems Resource Centre, a public agency in India, to conduct rapid evidence synthesis (RES) on community health workers (CHWs) for COVID-19 prevention and control in 3 days. We searched PubMed, websites of ministries (n=3), public agencies (n=6), multilateral institutions (n=3), COVID-19 resource aggregators (n=5) and preprints (n=1) (without language restrictions) for articles on CHWs in pandemics. Two reviewers screened the records independently with a third reviewer resolving disagreements. One reviewer extracted data with another reviewer cross-checking it. A framework on CHW performance in primary healthcare not specific to pandemic was used to guide data extraction and narrative analysis. We retrieved 211 records and finally included 36 articles. Most of the evidence was from low-and middle-income countries with well-established CHW programmes. Evidence from CHW programmes initiated during pandemics and for CHW involvement in pandemic response in high-income countries was scant. CHW roles and tasks change substantially during pandemics. Clear guidance, training for changed roles and definition of what constitutes essential activities (ie, those that must to be sustained) is required. Most common additional activities during pandemics were community awareness, engagement and sensitisation (including for countering stigma) and contact tracing. CHWs were reported to be involved in all aspects of contact tracing - this was reported to affect routine service delivery. CHWs have often been stigmatised or been socially ostracised during pandemics. Providing PPE, housing allowance, equal training opportunities, transportation allowance, improving salaries (paid on time and for a broad range of services) and awards in high-profile public events contributed to better recruitment and retention. We also created inventories of resources with guiding notes on guidelines for health workers (n=24), self-isolation in the community (n=10) and information, education and counselling materials on COVID-19 (n=16). CHWs play a critical role in pandemics. It is important to ensure role clarity, training, supportive supervision, as well as their work satisfaction, health and well-being. More implementation research on CHWs in pandemics is required."}, {"pmid": 32496858, "title": "Swapping drills for dressings: redeployment of dentists to community nursing.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Johnston, Laura", "Archer, Natalie", "Martin, Katy"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496858", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has placed increased strain on many aspects of the NHS. Dentists have been identified as having skills transferable to support community nursing teams as part of the redeployment response. This article aims to explore the roles dentists have undertaken within the community setting and reflect on dentists' transferable skills, training and personal experiences during redeployment. Despite differences in healthcare delivery, both professions share skills surrounding professionalism, communication, raising concerns and consent. Community nurses have supported dentists through specific training and competencies so that the latter are equipped with skills to support roles including wound care, catheter care and medication administration. Dentists have been well-received by community nursing colleagues and patients during redeployment. This experience has enabled redeployed dentists to establish new skillsets while improving their appreciation for the fundamental role that community nurses play within society."}, {"pmid": 32360500, "pmcid": "PMC7187854", "title": "Clinical and transmission dynamics characteristics of 406 children with coronavirus disease 2019 in China: A review.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhen-Dong, Yang", "Gao-Jun, Zhou", "Run-Ming, Jin", "Zhi-Sheng, Liu", "Zong-Qi, Dong", "Xiong, Xie", "Guo-Wei, Song"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360500", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chinese pediatricians are working on the front line to fight COVID-19. They have published a great amount of first-hand clinical data. Collecting their data and forming a large sample for analysis is more conducive to the recognition, prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in children. The epidemic prevention and control experience of Chinese pediatricians should be shared with the world. By searching Chinese and English literature, the data of 406 children with COVID-19 in China were analyzed. It was found that the clustered incidence of children's families is a dynamic transmission feature; the incidence is low; asymptomatic infections and mild cases account for 44.8%, with only 7 cases of critical illness; laboratory examination of lymphocyte counts is not reduced, as it is for adults; chest CT findings are less severe than those for adults. These presentations are the clinical features of COVID-19 in children. Only 55 of the 406 cases were tested by anal swab for virus nucleic acid, 45 of which were positive, accounting for 81.8% of stool samples. There are more children than adults with asymptomatic infections, milder conditions, faster recovery, and a better prognosis. Some concealed morbidity characteristics also bring difficulties to the early identification, prevention and control of COVID-19. COVID-19 screening is needed in the pediatric fever clinic, and respiratory and digestive tract nucleic acid tests should be performed. Efforts should be made to prevent children from becoming a hidden source of transmission in kindergartens, schools or families. Furthermore, China's experience in treating COVID-19 in children has led to faster recovery of sick children."}, {"pmid": 32489447, "pmcid": "PMC7259388", "title": "Hemoptysis in COVID-19: Observation.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Med", "authors": ["Yasri, Sora", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489447", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360770, "pmcid": "PMC7252217", "title": "Mathematical assessment of the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on curtailing the 2019 novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "Math Biosci", "authors": ["Ngonghala, Calistus N", "Iboi, Enahoro", "Eikenberry, Steffen", "Scotch, Matthew", "MacIntyre, Chandini Raina", "Bonds, Matthew H", "Gumel, Abba B"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360770", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pandemic of a novel Coronavirus emerged in December of 2019 (COVID-19), causing devastating public health impact across the world. In the absence of a safe and effective vaccine or antivirals, strategies for controlling and mitigating the burden of the pandemic are focused on non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as social-distancing, contact-tracing, quarantine, isolation, and the use of face-masks in public. We develop a new mathematical model for assessing the population-level impact of the aforementioned control and mitigation strategies. Rigorous analysis of the model shows that the disease-free equilibrium is locally-asymptotically stable if a certain epidemiological threshold, known as the reproduction number (denoted by \u211bc), is less than unity. Simulations of the model, using data relevant to COVID-19 transmission dynamics in the US state of New York and the entire US, show that the pandemic burden will peak in mid and late April, respectively. The worst-case scenario projections for cumulative mortality (based on the baseline levels of anti-COVID non-pharmaceutical interventions considered in the study) decrease dramatically by 80% and 64%, respectively, if the strict social-distancing measures implemented are maintained until the end of May or June, 2020. The duration and timing of the relaxation or termination of the strict social-distancing measures are crucially-important in determining the future trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study shows that early termination of the strict social-distancing measures could trigger a devastating second wave with burden similar to those projected before the onset of the strict social-distancing measures were implemented. The use of efficacious face-masks (such as surgical masks, with estimated efficacy \u2265 70%) in public could lead to the elimination of the pandemic if at least 70% of the residents of New York state use such masks in public consistently (nationwide, a compliance of at least 80% will be required using such masks). The use of low efficacy masks, such as cloth masks (of estimated efficacy less than 30%), could also lead to significant reduction of COVID-19 burden (albeit, they are not able to lead to elimination). Combining low efficacy masks with improved levels of the other anti-COVID-19 intervention strategies can lead to the elimination of the pandemic. This study emphasizes the important role social-distancing plays in curtailing the burden of COVID-19. Increases in the adherence level of social-distancing protocols result in dramatic reduction of the burden of the pandemic, and the timely implementation of social-distancing measures in numerous states of the US may have averted a catastrophic outcome with respect to the burden of COVID-19. Using face-masks in public (including the low efficacy cloth masks) is very useful in minimizing community transmission and burden of COVID-19, provided their coverage level is high. The masks coverage needed to eliminate COVID-19 decreases if the masks-based intervention is combined with the strict social-distancing strategy."}, {"pmid": 32374033, "pmcid": "PMC7267284", "title": "Chilblain-like lesions in children following suspected COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Colonna, Cristiana", "Monzani, Nicola Adriano", "Rocchi, Alessia", "Gianotti, Raffaele", "Boggio, Francesca", "Gelmetti, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374033", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, chilblain-like lesions have been reported in mildly symptomatic children and adolescents. We present four children investigated for suspected COVID-19 infection who presented with acral skin findings and mild systemic symptoms. Histology from one case showed signs of vasculitis with evident fibrin thrombus."}, {"pmid": 32332875, "title": "COVID-19 Research in Brief: 18 April to 24 April, 2020.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Carvalho, Thiago"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332875", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470207, "title": "Frequency of lupus anticoagulant in Covid-19 patients.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Harzallah, Ines", "Debliquis, Agathe", "Drenou, Bernard"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470207", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have recently published in the Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis the presence of lupus anticoagulant (LAC) at high frequency in Covid-19 patients (Harzallah et al.1 ). Bowles et al.2 and Helms et al.3 have confirmed these results in new publications. Tang4 has reported discordant data. He has found that very few tested covid-19 patients had positive LAC in a small series (n=12). Bowles et al. have found that LAC were positive in 91% of patients (n=34) with high activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)."}, {"pmid": 32406358, "title": "Culture counts: The diverse effects of culture and society on mental health amidst COVID-19 outbreak in Australia.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Furlong, Yulia", "Finnie, Tanya"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406358", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405422, "pmcid": "PMC7213070", "title": "Review of safety and minimum pricing of nitazoxanide for potential treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Virus Erad", "authors": ["Pepperrell, Toby", "Pilkington, Victoria", "Owen, Andrew", "Wang, Junzheng", "Hill, Andrew M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405422", "countries": ["United States", "India", "Pakistan", "Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many treatments are being assessed for repurposing to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). One drug that has shown promising results in vitro is nitazoxanide. Unlike other postulated drugs, nitazoxanide shows a high ratio of maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), after 1 day of 500\u2009mg twice daily (BD), to the concentration required to inhibit 50% replication (EC50) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Cmax\u00a0:\u00a0EC50 roughly equal to 14:1). As such, it is important to investigate the safety of nitazoxanide for further trials. Furthermore, treatments for COVID-19 should be cheap to promote global access, but prices of many drugs are far higher than the costs of production. We aimed to conduct a review of the safety of nitazoxanide for any prior indication and calculate its minimum costs of production. A review of nitazoxanide clinical research was conducted using EMBASE and MEDLINE databases, supplemented by ClinicalTrials.gov. We searched for phase 2 or 3 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing nitazoxanide with placebo or active control for 5-14 days in participants experiencing acute infections of any kind. Data extracted were grade 1-4 and serious adverse events (AEs). Data were also extracted on gastrointestinal (GI) AEs, as well as hepatorenal and cardiovascular effects.Active pharmaceutical ingredient cost data from 2016 to 2019 were extracted from the Panjiva database and adjusted for 5% loss during production, costs of excipients, formulation, a 10% profit margin and tax. Two dosages, at 500\u2009mg BD and a higher dose of 1100\u2009mg three times daily (TDS), were considered. Our estimated costs were compared with publicly available list prices from a selection of countries. Nine RCTs of nitazoxanide were identified for inclusion. These RCTs accounted for 1514 participants and an estimated 95.3 person-years-of-follow-up. No significant differences were found in any of the AE endpoints assessed, across all trials or on subgroup analyses of active- or placebo-controlled trials. Mild GI AEs increased with dose. No hepatorenal or cardiovascular concerns were raised, but few appropriate metrics were reported. There were no teratogenic concerns, but the evidence base was very limited.Based on a weighted-mean cost of US $61/kg, a 14-day course of treatment with nitazoxanide 500\u2009mg BD would cost $1.41. The daily cost would therefore be $0.10. The same 14-day course could cost $3944 in US commercial pharmacies, and $3 per course in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. At a higher dose of 1100\u2009mg TDS, our estimated cost was $4.08 per 14-day course, equivalent to $0.29 per day. Nitazoxanide demonstrates a good safety profile at approved doses. However, further evidence is required regarding hepatorenal and cardiovascular effects, as well as teratogenicity. We estimate that it would be possible to manufacture nitazoxanide as generic for $1.41 for a 14-day treatment course at 500\u2009mg BD, up to $4.08 at 1100\u2009mg TDS. Further trials in COVID-19 patients should be initiated. If efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 is demonstrated in clinical studies, nitazoxanide may represent a safe and affordable treatment in the ongoing pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32240545, "title": "Collecting and evaluating convalescent plasma for COVID-19 treatment: why and how?", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Tiberghien, Pierre", "de Lamballerie, Xavier", "Morel, Pascal", "Gallian, Pierre", "Lacombe, Karine", "Yazdanpanah, Yazdan"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240545", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Plasma provided by COVID-19 convalescent patients may provide therapeutic relief as the number of COVID-19 cases escalates steeply worldwide. Prior findings in various viral respiratory diseases including SARS-CoV-related pneumonia suggest that convalescent plasma can reduce mortality, although formal proof of efficacy is still lacking. By reducing viral spread early on, such an approach may possibly downplay subsequent immunopathology. Identifying, collecting, qualifying and preparing plasma from convalescent patients with adequate SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing Ab titres in an acute crisis setting may be challenging, although well within the remit of most blood establishments. Careful clinical evaluation should allow to quickly establish whether such passive immunotherapy, administered at early phases of the disease in patients at high risk of deleterious evolution, may reduce the frequency of patient deterioration, and thereby COVID-19 mortality."}, {"pmid": 32458193, "pmcid": "PMC7249973", "title": "Understanding the neurotropic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2: from neurological manifestations of COVID-19 to potential neurotropic mechanisms.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Zhou, Zhiqiang", "Kang, Huicong", "Li, Shiyong", "Zhao, Xu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458193", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by the novel betacoronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic threat. The potential involvement of COVID-19 in central nervous system (CNS) has attracted considerable attention due to neurological manifestations presented throughout the disease process. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 is structurally similar to SARS-CoV, and both bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to enter human cells. Thus, cells expressing ACE2, such as neurons and glial cells may act as targets and are thus vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we have reviewed the neurological characteristics of COVID-19 and summarized possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 invasion of the CNS. COVID-19 patients have presented with a number of different neurological symptoms such as headache, dizziness, hyposmia, and hypogeusia during the course of illness. It has also been reported recently that some cases of COVID-19 have presented with concurrent acute cerebrovascular disease (acute ischemic stroke, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage), meningitis/encephalitis, acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy, and acute Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in a cerebrospinal fluid specimen of a patient with COVID-19 have provided direct evidence to support the theory of neurotropic involvement of SARS-CoV-2. However, the underlying neurotropic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 are yet to be established. SARS-CoV-2 may affect CNS through two direct mechanisms (hematogenous dissemination or neuronal retrograde dissemination) or via indirect routes. The underlying mechanisms require further elucidation in the future."}, {"pmid": 32394840, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic - Are We Heading From Health Crisis Towards An Unprecedented Nutrition Crisis?", "journal": "Curr Top Med Chem", "authors": ["Kumar, Yogesh", "Jain, Akanksha"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394840", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467196, "pmcid": "PMC7241904", "title": "Religious cliche and COVID-19 management: a barrier for physicians.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Iqbal, Qaiser", "Tareen, Abdul Malik", "Saleem, Fahad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467196", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529044, "pmcid": "PMC7264357", "title": "Better patient identification could help fight the coronavirus.", "journal": "NPJ Digit Med", "authors": ["Moscovitch, Ben", "Halamka, John D", "Grannis, Shaun"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529044", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289100, "pmcid": "PMC7104073", "title": "Why is it difficult to accurately predict the COVID-19 epidemic?", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Roda, Weston C", "Varughese, Marie B", "Han, Donglin", "Li, Michael Y"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289100", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan City in December of 2019, numerous model predictions on the COVID-19 epidemics in Wuhan and other parts of China have been reported. These model predictions have shown a wide range of variations. In our study, we demonstrate that nonidentifiability in model calibrations using the confirmed-case data is the main reason for such wide variations. Using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) for model selection, we show that an SIR model performs much better than an SEIR model in representing the information contained in the confirmed-case data. This indicates that predictions using more complex models may not be more reliable compared to using a simpler model. We present our model predictions for the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan after the lockdown and quarantine of the city on January 23, 2020. We also report our results of modeling the impacts of the strict quarantine measures undertaken in the city after February 7 on the time course of the epidemic, and modeling the potential of a second outbreak after the return-to-work in the city."}, {"pmid": 32133824, "title": "[COVID-19 complicated with DIC: 2 cases report and literatures review].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Y D", "Zhang, S P", "Wei, Q Z", "Zhao, M M", "Mei, H", "Zhang, Z L", "Hu, Y"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133824", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430286, "pmcid": "PMC7217799", "title": "The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19): A role for iron homeostasis?", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Quiros Roldan, Eugenia", "Biasiotto, Giorgio", "Magro, Paola", "Zanella, Isabella"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430286", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The anti-malarial drugs chloroquine (CQ) and primarily the less toxic hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are currently used to treat autoimmune diseases for their immunomodulatory and anti-thrombotic properties. They have also been proposed for the treatment of several viral infections, due to their anti-viral effects in cell cultures and animal models, and, currently, for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2) infection that is spreading all over the world. Although in some recent studies a clinical improvement in COVID-19 patients has been observed, the clinical efficacy of CQ and HCQ in COVID-19 has yet to be proven with randomized controlled studies, many of which are currently ongoing, also considering pharmacokinetics, optimal dosing regimen, therapeutic level and duration of treatment and taking into account patients with different severity degrees of disease. Here we review what is currently known on the mechanisms of action of CQ and HCQ as anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic drugs and discuss the up-to-date experimental evidence on the potential mechanisms of action of CQ/HCQ in Sars-Cov2 infection and the current clinical knowledge on their efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Given the role of iron in several human viral infections, we also propose a different insight into a number of CQ and HCQ pharmacological effects, suggesting a potential involvement of iron homeostasis in Sars-Cov-2 infection and COVID-19 clinical course."}, {"pmid": 32372835, "pmcid": "PMC7195344", "title": "Trials of BCG vaccine will test for covid-19 protection.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Lawton, Graham"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372835", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476586, "title": "Meeting the Transitional Care Needs of Older Adults with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Naylor, Mary D", "Hirschman, Karen B", "McCauley, Kathleen"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476586", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older adults with COVID-19 who survive hospitalizations and return to their homes confront substantial health challenges and an unpredictable future. While understanding of the unique needs of COVID-19 survivors is developing, components of the evidence-based Transitional Care Model provide a framework for taking a more immediate, holistic response to caring for these individuals as they moved back into the community. These components include: increasing screening, building trusting relationships, improving patient engagement, promoting collaboration across care teams, undertaking symptom management, increasing family caregiver care/education, coordinating health and social services, and improving care continuity. Evidence generated from rigorous testing of these components reveal the need for federal and state policy solutions to support the following: employment/redeployment of nurses, social workers, and community health workers; training and reimbursement of family caregivers; widespread access to research-based transitional care tools; and coordinated local efforts to address structural barriers to effective transitions. Immediate action on these policy options is necessary to more effectively address the complex issues facing these older adults and their family caregivers who are counting on our care system for essential support."}, {"pmid": 31992388, "pmcid": "PMC6988272", "title": "Real-time tentative assessment of the epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus infections in Wuhan, China, as at 22 January 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Wu, Peng", "Hao, Xinxin", "Lau, Eric H Y", "Wong, Jessica Y", "Leung, Kathy S M", "Wu, Joseph T", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Leung, Gabriel M"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31992388", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing severe acute respiratory disease emerged recently in Wuhan, China. Information on reported cases strongly indicates human-to-human spread, and the most recent information is increasingly indicative of sustained human-to-human transmission. While the overall severity profile among cases may change as more mild cases are identified, we estimate a risk of fatality among hospitalised cases at 14% (95% confidence interval: 3.9-32%)."}, {"pmid": 32335068, "pmcid": "PMC7194656", "title": "Unexpected BP Sensitivity to Angiotensin II in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019, ARDS, and Septic Shock.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Wang, Hanyin", "Das, Subhraleena", "Wieruszewski, Patrick M", "Taji, Jamil", "Bartlett, Brian", "Azad, Nabila", "Chowdhury, Arnab", "Kolar, Gururaj", "Jain, Nitesh", "Subla, Mir R", "Khan, Syed Anjum"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335068", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the case of an 88-year-old man with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who presented with ARDS and septic shock. The patient had exquisite BP sensitivity to low-dose angiotensin II (Ang-2), allowing for rapid liberation from high-dose vasopressors. We hypothesize that sensitivity to Ang-2 might be related to biological effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The case is suggestive of a potential role for synthetic Ang-2 for patients with COVID-19 and septic shock. Further studies are needed to confirm our observed clinical efficacy."}, {"pmid": 32433384, "title": "COVID-19: The Shift From Clinical to Public Health Ethics.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["DeBruin, Debra", "Leider, Jonathon P"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433384", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205321, "title": "Covid-19: six million doses of hydroxychloroquine donated to US despite lack of evidence.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205321", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352180, "pmcid": "PMC7267300", "title": "COVID-19: Nasal and oropharyngeal swab.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Petruzzi, Gerardo", "De Virgilio, Armando", "Pichi, Barbara", "Mazzola, Francesco", "Zocchi, Jacopo", "Mercante, Giuseppe", "Spriano, Giuseppe", "Pellini, Raul"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352180", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Performing a proper nasal and oropharyngeal swab procedure is essential in the screening of COVID-19 infection. The video illustration of nasal and oropharyngeal swab is presented (Video S1). To correctly perform the nasopharyngeal swab, the patient must be seated comfortably with the back of their head against the headrest. The swab is inserted in the nose horizontally, along an imaginary line between the nostril and the ear. Oropharyngeal sampling is easier to perform. The swab is directed toward the rear wall of the oropharynx and it is rotated a few times before removal. After taking the sample, it is necessary to insert both swabs in the same tube, breaking the rod with one swift and controlled movement. Finally, carefully reset the cap. It appears to be extremely important to properly collect nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs in order to minimize the false negative rate among COVID-19 positive patients."}, {"pmid": 32418306, "title": "Comment on Matricardi PM et al.: The first, holistic immunological model of COVID-19: implications for prevention, diagnosis, and public health measures.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Mirijello, Antonio", "D'Errico, Maria Maddalena", "Lamarca, Antonella", "Piscitelli, Pamela", "De Cosmo, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418306", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362644, "title": "Lopinavir/ritonavir combination therapy amongst symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 patients in India: Protocol for restricted public health emergency use.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Bhatnagar, Tarun", "Murhekar, Manoj V", "Soneja, Manish", "Gupta, Nivedita", "Giri, Sidhartha", "Wig, Naveet", "Gangakhedkar, Raman"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362644", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of February 29, 2020, more than 85,000 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported from China and 53 other countries with 2,924 deaths. On January 30, 2020, the first laboratory-confirmed case of COVID was reported from Kerala, India. In view of the earlier evidence about effectiveness of repurposed lopinavir/ritonavir against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (CoV), as well as preliminary docking studies conducted by the ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization approved the restricted public health use of lopinavir/ritonavir combination amongst symptomatic COVID-19 patients detected in the country. Hospitalized adult patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with any one of the following criteria will be eligible to receive lopinavir/ritonavir for 14 days after obtaining written informed consent: (i) respiratory distress with respiratory rate \u226522/min or SpO2of <94 per cent; (ii) lung parenchymal infiltrates on chest X-ray; (iii) hypotension defined as systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or need for vasopressor/inotropic medication; (iv) new-onset organ dysfunction; and (v) high-risk groups - age >60 yr, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, chronic lung disease and immunocompromised persons. Patients will be monitored to document clinical (hospital length of stay and mortality at 14, 28 and 90 days), laboratory (presence of viral RNA in serial throat swab samples) and safety (adverse events and serious adverse events) outcomes. Treatment outcomes amongst initial cases would be useful in providing guidance about the clinical management of patients with COVID-19. If found useful in managing initial SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, further evaluation using a randomized control trial design is warranted to guide future therapeutic use of this combination."}, {"pmid": 32428990, "title": "The role of interleukin-6 in monitoring severe case of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "EMBO Mol Med", "authors": ["Liu, Tao", "Zhang, Jieying", "Yang, Yuhui", "Ma, Hong", "Li, Zhenyu", "Zhang, Jiaoyue", "Cheng, Ji", "Zhang, Xiaoyun", "Zhao, Yanxia", "Xia, Zihan", "Zhang, Liling", "Wu, Gang", "Yi, Jianhua"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428990", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Progression to severe disease is a difficult problem in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study is to explore changes in markers of severe disease in COVID-19 patients. Sixty-nine severe COVID-19 patients were included. Patients with severe disease showed significant lymphocytopenia. Elevated level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and D-dimer was found in most severe cases. Baseline interleukin-6 (IL-6) was found to be associated with COVID-19 severity. Indeed, the significant increase of baseline IL-6 was positively correlated with the maximal body temperature during hospitalization and with the increased baseline of CRP, LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer. High baseline IL-6 was also associated with more progressed chest computed tomography (CT) findings. Significant decrease in IL-6 and improved CT assessment was found in patients during recovery, while IL-6 was further increased in exacerbated patients. Collectively, our results suggest that the dynamic change in IL-6 can be used as a marker for disease monitoring in patients with severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32525375, "title": "Shifting from survival to supporting resilience in children and families in the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons for informing U.S. mental health priorities.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Stark, Abigail M", "White, Allison E", "Rotter, Nancy S", "Basu, Archana"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525375", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This commentary contextualizes potential mental health outcomes for children during and after the COVID-19 pandemic within the risk and resilience literature. Individual, familial, and community-level factors that may increase risk for mental health challenges for children as well as factors associated with positive adaptation in the face of adversity are considered. We highlight the value of considering children's resilience within a systemic perspective by considering family-centered approaches including both short-term and long-term evidence-informed mental health practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32452020, "title": "How well prepared are dermatologists redeployed to COVID-19 wards?", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Plachouri, Kerasia-Maria", "Georgiou, Sophia"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452020", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425328, "pmcid": "PMC7229739", "title": "Cardiovascular implications of the COVID-19 pandemic: a global perspective.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Boukhris, Marouane", "Hillani, Ali", "Moroni, Francesco", "Annabi, Mohamed Salah", "Addad, Faouzi", "Ribeiro, Marcelo Harada", "Mansour, Samer", "Zhao, Xiaohui", "Ybarra, Luiz Fernando", "Abbate, Antonio", "Vilca, Luz Maria", "Azzalini, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), represents the pandemic of the century, with approximately 3.5 million cases and 250,000 deaths worldwide as of May 2020. Although respiratory symptoms usually dominate the clinical presentation, COVID-19 is now known to also have potentially serious cardiovascular consequences, including myocardial injury, myocarditis, acute coronary syndromes, pulmonary embolism, stroke, arrhythmias, heart failure, and cardiogenic shock. The cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 might be related to the adrenergic drive, systemic inflammatory milieu and cytokine-release syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2, direct viral infection of myocardial and endothelial cells, hypoxia due to respiratory failure, electrolytic imbalances, fluid overload, and side effects of certain COVID-19 medications. COVID-19 has profoundly reshaped usual care of both ambulatory and acute cardiac patients, by leading to the cancellation of elective procedures and by reducing the efficiency of existing pathways of urgent care, respectively. Decreased utilization of healthcare services for acute conditions by non-COVID-19 patients has also been reported and attributed to concerns about acquiring in-hospital infection. Innovative approaches that leverage modern technologies to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic have been introduced, which include telemedicine, dissemination of educational material over social media, smartphone apps for case tracking, and artificial intelligence for pandemic modelling, among others. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology and cardiovascular implications of COVID-19, its impact on existing pathways of care, the role of modern technologies to tackle the pandemic, and a proposal of novel management algorithms for the most common acute cardiac conditions."}, {"pmid": 32236465, "pmcid": "PMC7184506", "title": "The Cardiologist at the time of Coronavirus: a perfect storm.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Rapezzi, Claudio", "Ferrari, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236465", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234728, "title": "EMA advice on the use of NSAIDs for Covid-19.", "journal": "Drug Ther Bull", "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234728", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Every month, DTB scans sources of information on treatments, disease management and other healthcare topics for key items to bring to our readers' attention and help them keep up to date. To do this, we produce succinct, contextualised summaries of the information concerned."}, {"pmid": 32522462, "title": "Association of asthma and its genetic predisposition with the risk of severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Zhu, Zhaozhong", "Hasegawa, Kohei", "Ma, Baoshan", "Fujiogi, Michimasa", "Camargo, Carlos A Jr", "Liang, Liming"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522462", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a large population-based cohort data, adults with asthma had a higher risk of severe COVID-19, which was driven by the increased risk among patients with non-allergic asthma."}, {"pmid": 32412709, "title": "Compassionate Use of Remdesivir in Covid-19. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Grein, Jonathan", "Myers, Robert P", "Brainard, Diana"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412709", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416599, "pmcid": "PMC7189838", "title": "Comparison of four new commercial serologic assays for determination of SARS-CoV-2 IgG.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Kruttgen, Alexander", "Cornelissen, Christian G", "Dreher, Michael", "Hornef, Mathias", "Imohl, Matthias", "Kleines, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416599", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Facing the ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is an urgent need for serological assays identifying individuals with past coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our study is the first to compare four new commercially available assays using 75 sera from patients tested positive or negative by SARS-CoV-2 PCR: the anti SARS-CoV-2 ELISA (IgG) (Euroimmun, Germany), the EDI New Coronavirus COVID-19 IgG ELISA, (Epitope diagnostics (EDI), USA), the recomWell SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA (Mikrogen, Germany), and the SARS-CoV-2 Virachip IgG (Viramed, Germany). We found a sensitivity of 86.4 %, 100 %, 86.4 %, and 77.3 % and a specificity of 96,2 %, 88,7 %, 100 %, and 100 % for the Euroimmun assay, the EDI assay, the Mikrogen assay, and the Viramed assay, respectively. Commercially available SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays have a sufficient specificity and sensitivity for identifying individuals with past SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32423309, "title": "Tips from the battlefront: Psychological support of patients with a chronic illness during the COVID-19 lockdown in four steps.", "journal": "United European Gastroenterol J", "authors": ["Ciacci, Carolina", "Siniscalchi, Monica"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423309", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340021, "title": "Early Leukapheresis Depletion in an Ex-Premature with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Due to Bordetella Pertussis and Coronavirus Infection.", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Rossetti, Emanuele", "Appierto, Linda", "Meschini, Antonella", "Leone, Giovanna", "Lazzaro, Stefania", "Del Principe, Giovanna", "Bianchi, Roberto", "Picardo, Sergio"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340021", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe a 2 weeks corrected gestational age infant admitted in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated to Bordetella pertussis and Coronavirus infection. He developed leukocytosis as soon as ARDS required intubation and aggressive mechanical ventilation: hence he underwent 3 early therapeutic leukapheresis treatments in order to avoid the worsening of related cardiopulmonary complications, according to recent literature on pertussis infection in infants. The infant was discharged from PICU healthy."}, {"pmid": 32380269, "pmcid": "PMC7196901", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Consideration for Brain Infection.", "journal": "Neuroscience", "authors": ["Mao, Xiao-Yuan", "Jin, Wei-Lin"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380269", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317205, "pmcid": "PMC7161490", "title": "Clinical features and multidisciplinary treatment outcome of COVID-19 pneumonia: A report of three cases.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Liu, Chun", "Wu, Changhui", "Zheng, Xiangde", "Zeng, Fanwei", "Liu, Jinping", "Wang, Pingxi", "Zeng, Fanxin", "Yuan, Lin", "Zhu, Fangcheng", "Gan, Xuemei", "Huang, Yucheng"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317205", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic threatening global public health. In the current paper, we describe our successful treatment of three COVID-19 pneumonia patients cases including severe cases and cases with mortality risk factors. One 32-year-old male COVID-19 patient was diagnosed with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and moderate ARDS. The second COVID-19 pneumonia patient had a history of diabetes and chronic bronchitis. The third case of COVID-19 pneumonia was an 82-year old female patient. All three cases had severe COVID pneumonia and therefore were aggressively managed with a multidisciplinary and personalized therapeutic approach that included nutritional support, antiviral pharmacotherapy, active control of comorbidities, prevention of complication development and psychological intervention. Our experience highlights the importance of the use of a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach that tailors to the specific condition of the patient in achieving a favorable clinical outcome."}, {"pmid": 32191675, "title": "WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Cucinotta, Domenico", "Vanelli, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191675", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, has declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic (1). At a news briefing , WHO Director-General, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, noted that over the past 2 weeks, the number of cases outside China increased 13-fold and the number of countries with cases increased threefold. Further increases are expected. He said that the WHO is \"deeply concerned both by the alarming levels of spread and severity and by the alarming levels of inaction,\" and he called on countries to take action now to contain the virus. \"We should double down,\" he said. \"We should be more aggressive.\" [...]."}, {"pmid": 32402515, "pmcid": "PMC7187816", "title": "Association of Cardiovascular Disease With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Severity: A Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Curr Probl Cardiol", "authors": ["Aggarwal, Gaurav", "Cheruiyot, Isaac", "Aggarwal, Saurabh", "Wong, Johnny", "Lippi, Giuseppe", "Lavie, Carl J", "Henry, Brandon M", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402515", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Observational studies have reported an association between underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and worse prognosis in COVID-19 patients, but this still remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of recent studies that reported the association of CVD with worse prognosis and increased mortality in COVID-19 patients. Literature search through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase was completed by 2 reviewers from November 1, 2019 to April 20, 2020. Inclusion criteria were observational case-control or cohort studies on COVID-19 patients with a history of CVD included, which reported outcomes of COVID-19 infection severity, clearly outlined the definition of \"severe disease\" and with sample size >10. Data were abstracted independently by 2 authors. Studies were divided into 2 separate cohorts for analysis: severity (severe vs nonsevere) and mortality (nonsurvivors vs survivors). Data was pooled into a meta-analysis to estimate pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each outcome. A total of 18 studies (n\u202f=\u202f4858 patients) were included. Sixteen studies were from China, while 2 were from the United States. Pre-existing CVD was associated with a significantly increased risk of a severe form of COVID-19 (OR\u202f=\u202f3.14; 95% CI 2.32-4.24; I2\u202f=\u202f0%; Q\u202f=\u202f8.68, P= 0.73) and overall risk of COVID-19 all-cause mortality (OR\u202f=\u202f11.08; 95% CI: 2.59-47.32; I2\u202f=\u202f55%; P\u202f=\u202f0.11). However, this study did not find a significant association between previous history of CVD and mortality in severe COVID-19 disease (OR\u202f=\u202f1.72; 95% CI: 0.97-3.06, I2\u202f=\u202f0%, P\u202f=\u202f0.46). Pre-existing CVD is associated with worse outcomes among patients with COVID-19. Clinicians and policymakers need to take account of these findings in implementing risk stratification models."}, {"pmid": 32388750, "pmcid": "PMC7211052", "title": "How should we overcome the threat by the pandemic of 2019-nCoV? Epidemic simulation using the SIRS model.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Inamo, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388750", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449903, "title": "Cost-Related Antihypertensive Medication Nonadherence:Action in the Time of COVID-19 and Beyond.", "journal": "Am J Hypertens", "authors": ["Tajeu, Gabriel S", "Muntner, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449903", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226293, "pmcid": "PMC7098035", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak and psychiatric hospitals in China: managing challenges through mental health service reform.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Zhao, Yan-Jie", "Liu, Zi-Han", "Li, Xiao-Hong", "Zhao, Na", "Cheung, Teris", "Ng, Chee H"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226293", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, more than 300 Chinese patients with psychiatric disorders were diagnosed with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Possible reasons quoted in the report were the lack of caution regarding the COVID-19 outbreak in January and insufficient supplies of protective gear. We outlined major challenges for patients with psychiatric disorders and mental health professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak, and also discussed how to manage these challenges through further mental health service reform in China."}, {"pmid": 32363225, "pmcid": "PMC7194989", "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection-induced chilblains: A case report with histopathologic findings.", "journal": "JAAD Case Rep", "authors": ["Kolivras, Athanassios", "Dehavay, Florence", "Delplace, Daphne", "Feoli, Francesco", "Meiers, Isabelle", "Milone, Laurenzo", "Olemans, Catherine", "Sass, Ursula", "Theunis, Anne", "Thompson, Curtis T", "Van De Borne, Laura", "Richert, Bertrand"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363225", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229322, "pmcid": "PMC7102545", "title": "Diagnosis of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): rRT-PCR or CT?", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Long, Chunqin", "Xu, Huaxiang", "Shen, Qinglin", "Zhang, Xianghai", "Fan, Bing", "Wang, Chuanhong", "Zeng, Bingliang", "Li, Zicong", "Li, Xiaofen", "Li, Honglu"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229322", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) and real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for COVID-19 pneumonia. This retrospective study included all patients with COVID-19 pneumonia suspicion, who were examined by both CT and rRT-PCR at initial presentation. The sensitivities of both tests were then compared. For patients with a final confirmed diagnosis, clinical and laboratory data, in addition to CT imaging findings were evaluated. A total of 36 patients were finally diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. Thirty-five patients had abnormal CT findings at presentation, whereas one patient had a normal CT. Using rRT-PCR, 30 patients were tested positive, with 6 cases initially missed. Amongst these 6 patients, 3 became positive in the second rRT-PCR assay(after 2 days, 2 days and 3 days respectively), and the other 3 became positive only in the third round of rRT-PCR tests(after 5 days, 6 days and 8 days respectively). At presentation, CT sensitivity was therefore 97.2%, whereas the sensitivity of initial rRT-PCR was only 83.3%. rRT-PCR may produce initial false negative results. We suggest that patients with typical CT findings but negative rRT-PCR results should be isolated, and rRT-PCR should be repeated to avoid misdiagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32327431, "title": "Keeping up with studies on covid-19: systematic search strategies and resources.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Shokraneh, Farhad"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327431", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362487, "pmcid": "PMC7183953", "title": "New Data and the Covid-19 Pandemic Mandate a Rethink of Antiplatelet Strategies in Patients With TIA or Minor Stroke Associated With Atherosclerotic Carotid Stenosis.", "journal": "Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg", "authors": ["Naylor, A R", "McCabe, D J H"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362487", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415334, "pmcid": "PMC7228864", "title": "Recurrence of COVID-19 after recovery: a case report from Italy.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Loconsole, Daniela", "Passerini, Francesca", "Palmieri, Vincenzo Ostilio", "Centrone, Francesca", "Sallustio, Anna", "Pugliese, Stefania", "Grimaldi, Lucia Donatella", "Portincasa, Piero", "Chironna, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415334", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407245, "title": "Rural and Remote Communities: Unique Ethical Issues in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Erwin, Cheryl", "Aultman, Julie", "Harter, Tom", "Illes, Judy", "Kogan, Rabbi Claudio J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407245", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469853, "title": "[An epidemiological forecast of COVID-19 in Chile based on the generalized SEIR model and the concept of recovered].", "journal": "Medwave", "authors": ["Guerrero-Nancuante, Camilo", "Manriquez P, Ronald"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469853", "countries": ["Chile"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) has generated a wide-ranging debate regarding epidemiological forecasts and the global implications. With the data obtained from the Chilean Ministry of Health (MINSAL), a prospective study was carried out using the generalized SEIR model to estimate the course of COVID-19 in Chile. Three scenarios were estimated: Scenario 1 with official MINSAL data; scenario 2 with official MINSAL data and recovery criteria proposed by international organizations of health; and scenario 3 with official MINSAL data, recovery criteria proposed by international organizations of health, and without considering deaths in the total recovered. There are considerable differences between scenario 1 compared to 2 and 3 in the number of deaths, active patients, and duration of the disease. Scenario 3, considered the most adverse, estimates a total of 11,000 infected people, 1,151 deaths, and that the peak of the disease will occur in the first days of May. We concluded that the concept of recovered may be decisive for the epidemiological forecasts of COVID-19 in Chile."}, {"pmid": 32504021, "title": "The pandemic mixed up what scientists study - and some won't go back.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Gibney, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504021", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388461, "pmcid": "PMC7175875", "title": "Rethinking high-risk groups in COVID-19.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Vishnevetsky, Anastasia", "Levy, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388461", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209385, "pmcid": "PMC7118534", "title": "Profile of specific antibodies to SARS-CoV-2: The first report.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Xiao, Ai Tang", "Gao, Chun", "Zhang, Sheng"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209385", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32080994, "title": "[Emergency management of prevention and control of the novel coronavirus infection in departments of stomatology].", "journal": "Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tang, H S", "Yao, Z Q", "Wang, W M"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32080994", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Complying with overall requirements of the government and regulations on public health emergencies, as well as the clinical features of diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases, this article reviews previous guidelines and studies on the infection control in dental practices in China and foreign countries. The emergency management protocol for the prevention and control of COVID-19 has been implemented in Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, which mainly focuses on the implementation of the training programs for dental staff and the infection control project in the hospital environment. This article could be used as a reference for rapid response and emergency management for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the departments of stomatology."}, {"pmid": 32366160, "title": "Olfactory Dysfunction: A Highly Prevalent Symptom of COVID-19 With Public Health Significance.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Sedaghat, Ahmad R", "Gengler, Isabelle", "Speth, Marlene M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366160", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting millions of individuals, killing hundreds of thousands. Although typically described with characteristic symptoms of fever, cough, and shortness of breath, greater understanding of COVID-19 has revealed myriad clinical manifestations. Olfactory dysfunction (OD)-hyposmia and anosmia-has recently been recognized as an important symptom of COVID-19 and increasingly gained traction as a public health tool for identifying COVID-19 patients, in particular otherwise asymptomatic carriers who, unawares, may be major drivers of disease spread. The objective of this study is to review the scientific evidence about anosmia in COVID-19. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Comprehensive literature search of primary studies pertinent to the objectives of this review using the chosen data sources. Current evidence shows that OD is highly prevalent in COVID-19, with up to 80% of patients reporting subjective OD and objective olfactory testing potentially showing even higher prevalence. OD is frequently accompanied by taste dysfunction. Up to 25% of COVID-19 patients may experience sudden-onset OD as the first symptom. A large proportion of COVID-19 OD cases may resolve over the period of a few weeks. Sudden anosmia should be considered a symptom of COVID-19. Assessing for sudden-onset anosmia may increase sensitivity of COVID-19 screening strategies, in particular for identifying patients at the earliest stages of disease. Since many cases of OD due to COVID-19 may resolve in the short term, conservative management, including observation, is reasonable, while advanced imaging is unnecessary."}, {"pmid": 32441405, "title": "Resilient and inclusive healthcare leadership: Black Swans, COVID-19, and beyond.", "journal": "Int J Health Plann Manage", "authors": ["Kalina, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441405", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453251, "title": "Extracorporeal Hemoadsorption: An Option for COVID-19 Associated Cytokine Storm Syndrome.", "journal": "Shock", "authors": ["Napp, L Christian", "Bauersachs, Johann"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453251", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32057769, "pmcid": "PMC7114094", "title": "The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade.", "journal": "Antiviral Res", "authors": ["Coutard, B", "Valle, C", "de Lamballerie, X", "Canard, B", "Seidah, N G", "Decroly, E"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32057769", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In 2019, a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infecting Humans has emerged in Wuhan, China. Its genome has been sequenced and the genomic information promptly released. Despite a high similarity with the genome sequence of SARS-CoV and SARS-like CoVs, we identified a peculiar furin-like cleavage site in the Spike protein of the 2019-nCoV, lacking in the other SARS-like CoVs. In this article, we discuss the possible functional consequences of this cleavage site in the viral cycle, pathogenicity and its potential implication in the development of antivirals."}, {"pmid": 32240095, "pmcid": "PMC7124955", "title": "Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): Protocol for Extending Surveillance Used by the Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre and Public Health England.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["de Lusignan, Simon", "Lopez Bernal, Jamie", "Zambon, Maria", "Akinyemi, Oluwafunmi", "Amirthalingam, Gayatri", "Andrews, Nick", "Borrow, Ray", "Byford, Rachel", "Charlett, Andre", "Dabrera, Gavin", "Ellis, Joanna", "Elliot, Alex J", "Feher, Michael", "Ferreira, Filipa", "Krajenbrink, Else", "Leach, Jonathan", "Linley, Ezra", "Liyanage, Harshana", "Okusi, Cecilia", "Ramsay, Mary", "Smith, Gillian", "Sherlock, Julian", "Thomas, Nicholas", "Tripathy, Manasa", "Williams, John", "Howsam, Gary", "Joy, Mark", "Hobbs, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240095", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) and Public Health England (PHE) have successfully worked together on the surveillance of influenza and other infectious diseases for over 50 years, including three previous pandemics. With the emergence of the international outbreak of the coronavirus infection (COVID-19), a UK national approach to containment has been established to test people suspected of exposure to COVID-19. At the same time and separately, the RCGP RSC's surveillance has been extended to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community as well as assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy. The aims of this study are to surveil COVID-19 in both asymptomatic populations and ambulatory cases with respiratory infections, ascertain both the rate and pattern of COVID-19 spread, and assess the effectiveness of the containment policy. The RCGP RSC, a network of over 500 general practices in England, extract pseudonymized data weekly. This extended surveillance comprises of five components: (1) Recording in medical records of anyone suspected to have or who has been exposed to COVID-19. Computerized medical records suppliers have within a week of request created new codes to support this. (2) Extension of current virological surveillance and testing people with influenza-like illness or lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)-with the caveat that people suspected to have or who have been exposed to COVID-19 should be referred to the national containment pathway and not seen in primary care. (3) Serology sample collection across all age groups. This will be an extra blood sample taken from people who are attending their general practice for a scheduled blood test. The 100 general practices currently undertaking annual influenza virology surveillance will be involved in the extended virological and serological surveillance. (4) Collecting convalescent serum samples. (5) Data curation. We have the opportunity to escalate the data extraction to twice weekly if needed. Swabs and sera will be analyzed in PHE reference laboratories. General practice clinical system providers have introduced an emergency new set of clinical codes to support COVID-19 surveillance. Additionally, practices participating in current virology surveillance are now taking samples for COVID-19 surveillance from low-risk patients presenting with LRTIs. Within the first 2 weeks of setup of this surveillance, we have identified 3 cases: 1 through the new coding system, the other 2 through the extended virology sampling. We have rapidly converted the established national RCGP RSC influenza surveillance system into one that can test the effectiveness of the COVID-19 containment policy. The extended surveillance has already seen the use of new codes with 3 cases reported. Rapid sharing of this protocol should enable scientific critique and shared learning. DERR1-10.2196/18606."}, {"pmid": 32362394, "pmcid": "PMC7156127", "title": "First cases of COVID-19 in heart transplantation from China.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Li, Fei", "Cai, Jie", "Dong, Nianguo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362394", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312338, "pmcid": "PMC7198457", "title": "Detroit under siege, the enemy within: The impact of the COVID-19 collision.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chopra, Teena", "Sobel, Jack"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312338", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317428, "title": "What ophthalmologists should know about conjunctivitis in the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Shetty, Rohit", "D'Souza, Sharon", "Lalgudi, Vaitheeswaran Ganesan"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317428", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268052, "title": "Vitamin D, Covid-19 and Children.", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["Molloy, E J", "Murphy, N"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268052", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438840, "title": "The coronavirus stress: A reality check of India's mental health social agenda.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438840", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32258351, "pmcid": "PMC7118644", "title": "Current knowledge about the antivirals remdesivir (GS-5734) and GS-441524 as therapeutic options for coronaviruses.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Amirian, E Susan", "Levy, Julie K"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32258351", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent international epidemics of coronavirus-associated illnesses underscore the urgent medical and public health need for vaccine development and regulatory body approved therapies. In particular, the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has quickly intensified interest in developing treatment options to mitigate impact on human life. Remdesivir (GS-5734\u2122) is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that is now being tested as a potential treatment for COVID-19 in international, multi-site clinical trials. Currently available evidence about the antiviral effects of remdesivir against coronaviruses is primarily based on in vitro and in vivo studies (including some on a chemically related compound, GS-441524\u2122), which have demonstrated largely favorable findings. As the pandemic progresses, information from human compassionate use cases will continue to accumulate before the clinical trials are concluded. It is imperative for public health practitioners and the One Health community to stay up to date on the most promising potential therapeutic options that are under investigation. Thus, the purpose of this review is to synthesize the knowledge to date about remdesivir as a therapeutic option for coronaviruses, with a special focus on information relevant to the One Health community."}, {"pmid": 32469851, "title": "[Correction to: Evidence synthesis relevant to COVID-19: a protocol for multiple systematic reviews and overviews of systematic reviews].", "journal": "Medwave", "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469851", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420939, "title": "Assessment and treatment of older individuals with COVID 19 multi-system disease: Clinical and ethical implications.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Lauretani, Fulvio", "Ravazzoni, Giulia", "Roberti, Maria Federica", "Longobucco, Yari", "Adorni, Elisa", "Grossi, Margherita", "De Iorio, Aurelio", "La Porta, Umberto", "Fazio, Chiara", "Gallini, Elena", "Federici, Raffaele", "Salvi, Marco", "Ciarrocchi, Erika", "Rossi, Francesca", "Bergamin, Marina", "Bussolati, Giacomo", "Grieco, Ilaria", "Broccoli, Federica", "Zucchini, Irene", "Ielo, Giuseppe", "Morganti, Simonetta", "Artoni, Andrea", "Arisi, Arianna", "Tagliaferri, Sara", "Maggio, Marcello"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420939", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 infection is a multisystem disease more frequent in older individuals, especially in those with multiple chronic diseases. This multimorbid and frail population requires attention and a personalized comprehensive assessment in order to avoid the occurrence of adverse outcomes. As other diseases, the COVID-19 presentation in older patients is often atypical with less severe and unspecific symptoms. These subjects both at home and during hospitalization suffer isolation and the lack of support of caregivers. The geriatric care in COVID-19 wards is often missing. The application of additional instruments would be necessary to facilitate and personalize the clinical approach, not only based on diseases but also on functional status. This narrative review starts from diagnostic evaluation, continues with adapted pharmacologic treatment and ends with the recovery phase targeting the nutrition and physical exercise. We developed a check-list of respiratory, gastro-intestinal and other less-specific symptoms, summarized in a table and easily to be filled-up by patients, nurses and general practitioners. As second step, we reported the clinical phases of this disease. Far to be considered just viral infective and respiratory, this disease is also an inflammatory and thrombotic condition with frequent bacterial over-infection. We finally considered timing and selection of treatment, which depend on the disease phase, co-administration of other drugs and require the monitoring of renal, liver and cardiac function. This underlines the role of age not just as a limitation, but also an opportunity to increase the quality and the appropriateness of multidisciplinary and multidimensional intervention in this population."}, {"pmid": 32365022, "title": "Towards Contactless Patient Positioning.", "journal": "IEEE Trans Med Imaging", "authors": ["Karanam, Srikrishna", "Li, Ren", "Yang, Fan", "Hu, Wei", "Chen, Terrence", "Wu, Ziyan"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365022", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus, has overwhelmed healthcare systems worldwide, putting medical professionals at a high risk of getting infected themselves due to a global shortage of personal protective equipment. This has in-turn led to understaffed hospitals unable to handle new patient influx. To help alleviate these problems, we design and develop a contactless patient positioning system that can enable scanning patients in a completely remote and contactless fashion. Our key design objective is to reduce the physical contact time with a patient as much as possible, which we achieve with our contactless workflow. Our system comprises automated calibration, positioning, and multi-view synthesis components that enable patient scan without physical proximity. Our calibration routine ensures system calibration at all times and can be executed without any manual intervention. Our patient positioning routine comprises a novel robust dynamic fusion (RDF) algorithm for accurate 3D patient body modeling. With its multi-modal inference capability, RDF can be trained once and used across different applications (without re-training) having various sensor choices, a key feature to enable system deployment at scale. Our multi-view synthesizer ensures multi-view positioning visualization for the technician to verify positioning accuracy prior to initiating the patient scan. We conduct extensive experiments with publicly available and proprietary datasets to demonstrate efficacy. Our system has already been used, and had a positive impact on, hospitals and technicians on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic, and we expect to see its use increase substantially globally."}, {"pmid": 32480010, "pmcid": "PMC7260562", "title": "Follow your Gut: Challenges in Nutritional Therapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Aguila, Enrik John T", "Antoinette, Marie", "Francisco, Carlos Paolo D"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480010", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524373, "title": "What can we learn from neonates with COVID-19?", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Xiao, Tian-Tian", "Yan, Kai", "Wang, Lai-Shuan", "Zhou, Wen-Hao"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524373", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425277, "pmcid": "PMC7229970", "title": "COVID-19 suicidal behavior among couples and suicide pacts: Case study evidence from press reports.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Griffiths, Mark D", "Mamun, Mohammed A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425277", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428114, "pmcid": "PMC7213662", "title": "Social media: friend or foe in the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Lima, Diego Laurentino", "Lopes, Maria Antonieta Albanez A de Medeiros", "Brito, Ana Maria"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428114", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416357, "pmcid": "PMC7211639", "title": "Effects of air pollutants on the transmission and severity of respiratory viral infections.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Domingo, Jose L", "Rovira, Joaquim"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416357", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the outdoor air pollutants that are major factors in diseases, causing especially adverse respiratory effects in humans. On the other hand, the role of respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of severe respiratory infections is an issue of great importance. The present literature review was aimed at assessing the potential effects of air pollutants on the transmission and severity of respiratory viral infections. We have reviewed the scientific literature regarding the association of outdoor air pollution and respiratory viruses on respiratory diseases. Evidence supports a clear association between air concentrations of some pollutants and human respiratory viruses interacting to adversely affect the respiratory system. Given the undoubted importance and topicality of the subject, we have paid special attention to the association between air pollutants and the transmission and severity of the effects caused by the coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, which causes the COVID-19. Although to date, and by obvious reasons, the number of studies on this issue are still scarce, most results indicate that chronic exposure to air pollutants delays/complicates recovery of patients of COVID-19 and leads to more severe and lethal forms of this disease. This deserves immediate and in-depth experimental investigations."}, {"pmid": 32359819, "pmcid": "PMC7183945", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology Training Programs: What You Need to Know.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Warhadpande, Shantanu", "Khaja, Minhaj S", "Sabri, Saher S"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359819", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has affected medical education in unprecedented ways. Herein, we briefly describe the affects of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology residency training and summarize up to date guidance by governing bodies and key stakeholders."}, {"pmid": 32373318, "pmcid": "PMC7182304", "title": "The COVID-19 containment in Vietnam: What are we doing?", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Huynh, Toan Luu Duc"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373318", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419708, "pmcid": "PMC7225720", "title": "section signrefers to: Camdessanche JP, Morel J,Pozzetto B, Paul S. COVID-19 may induce Guillain-Barre syndrome.COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre syndrome : response section sign.", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["Camdessanche, Jean-Philippe", "Morel, Jerome", "Pozzetto, Bruno", "Paul, Stephane", "Tholance, Yannick", "Botelho-Nevers, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419708", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292636, "pmcid": "PMC7129619", "title": "Contingency management strategies of the Nursing Department in centralized rescue of patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Sci", "authors": ["Wang, Huafen", "Feng, Jiehui", "Shao, Lewen", "Wei, Jianhua", "Wang, Xiaoyan", "Xu, Xiaowei", "Shao, Rongya", "Zhang, Meiyun", "He, Jiangjuan", "Zhao, Xuehong", "Liang, Tingbo"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292636", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article aims to summarize a series of contingency management strategies of the Nursing Department in the centralized treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). The strategies of the Nursing Department included early warning for prevention and control, taking functions of vertically commanding and horizontally coordinating, and reasonably allocating nursing workforce, to facilitate centralized treatment work in the in-hospital fever clinic, isolation wards and ICU, and referral and admission of critical patients. Five special groups were established in charge of training and examination, management and supervision, psychological support, logistical support, and reporting and publicity, respectively. It was achieved that no deaths from critical patients and no medical staff, no other patients were infected. Through the implementation of these strategies, safe and efficient centralized treatment was ensured timely, orderly and sustainably."}, {"pmid": 32369626, "pmcid": "PMC7267644", "title": "Simultaneous onset of COVID-19 and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Lopez, Chris", "Kim, Jeremy", "Pandey, Apurva", "Huang, Ted", "DeLoughery, Thomas G"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369626", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325383, "pmcid": "PMC7152913", "title": "Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Huang, Yeen", "Zhao, Ning"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325383", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "China has been severely affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) since December, 2019. We aimed to assess the mental health burden of Chinese public during the outbreak, and to explore the potential influence factors. Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 7,236 self-selected volunteers assessed with demographic information, COVID-19 related knowledge, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. The overall prevalence of GAD, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality of the public were 35.1%, 20.1%, and 18.2%, respectively. Younger people reported a significantly higher prevalence of GAD and depressive symptoms than older people. Compared with other occupational group, healthcare workers were more likely to have poor sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (< 35 years) and time spent focusing on the COVID-19 (\u2265 3 hours per day) were associated with GAD, and healthcare workers were at high risk for poor sleep quality. Our study identified a major mental health burden of the public during the COVID-19 outbreak. Younger people, people spending too much time thinking about the outbreak, and healthcare workers were at high risk of mental illness. Continuous surveillance of the psychological consequences for outbreaks should become routine as part of preparedness efforts worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32281517, "title": "The daily impact of COVID-19 in gastroenterology.", "journal": "United European Gastroenterol J", "authors": ["Magro, Fernando", "Abreu, Candida", "Rahier, Jean-Francois"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281517", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new strain of coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, probably originating from a wild-animal contamination. Since then, the situation rapidly evolved from a cluster of patients with pneumonia, to a regional epidemic and now to a pandemic called COrona VIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This evolution is related to the peculiar modes of transmission of the disease and to the globalization and lifestyle of the 21st century that created the perfect scenario for virus spread. Even though research has not evidenced particular susceptibility of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection, immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory treatments were considered potential risk factors. In this context, initiating treatments with these agents should be cautiously weighted and regular ongoing treatments shall be continued, while the dose of corticosteroids should be reduced whenever possible. Due to the increased risk of contamination, elective endoscopic procedures and surgeries should be postponed and IBD online appointments shall be considered. IBD patients shall also follow the recommendations provided to the general population, such as minimization of contact with infected or suspected patients and to wash hands frequently. In the absence of effective treatments and vaccines, this pandemic can only be controlled through prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission with the main objectives of providing patients the best healthcare possible and reduce mortality."}, {"pmid": 32154505, "pmcid": "PMC7057189", "title": "The coronavirus 2019-nCoV epidemic: Is hindsight 20/20?", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Malta, Monica", "Rimoin, Anne W", "Strathdee, Steffanie A"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32154505", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408845, "title": "Virus transmission during orthopedic surgery on patients with COVID-19 - a brief narrative review.", "journal": "Acta Orthop", "authors": ["Basso, Trude", "Dale, Havard", "Langvatn, Hakon", "Lonne, Greger", "Skramm, Inge", "Westberg, Marianne", "Wik, Tina S", "Witso, Eivind"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408845", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and purpose - COVID-19 is among the most impactful pandemics that the society has experienced. Orthopedic surgery involves procedures generating droplets and aerosols and there is concern amongst surgeons that otherwise rational precautionary principles are being set aside due to lack of scientific evidence and a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). This narrative review attempts to translate relevant knowledge into practical recommendations for healthcare workers involved in orthopedic surgery on patients with known or suspected COVID-19.Patients and methods - We unsystematically searched in PubMed, reference lists, and the WHO's web page for relevant publications concerning problems associated with the PPE used in perioperative practice when a patient is COVID-19 positive or suspected to be. A specific search for literature regarding COVID-19 was extended to include publications from the SARS epidemic in 2002/3.Results - Transmission of infectious viruses from patient to surgeon during surgery is possible, but does not appear to be a considerable problem in clinical practice. Seal-leakage is a problem with surgical masks. Due to the lack of studies and reports, the possibility of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from patient to surgeon during droplet- and aerosol-generating procedures is unknown.Interpretation - Surgical masks should be used only in combination with a widely covering visor and when a respirator (N95, FFP2, P3) is not made available. Furthermore, basic measures to reduce shedding of droplets and aerosols during surgery and correct and consistent use of personal protective equipment is important."}, {"pmid": 32351807, "pmcid": "PMC7186097", "title": "Gastrointestinal Infection Could Be New Focus for Coronavirus Diagnosis.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Cipriano, Massimiliano", "Ruberti, Enzo", "Giacalone, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351807", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It's not news to tell you that the coronavirus, known as COVID-19, is a worldwide pandemic. The initial outbreak of this novel virus in Wuhan in the Hubei province of China, first described in December 2019, has since moved on to being declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The classic description of COVID-19 is a respiratory illness that manifests with fever, dry cough, and dyspnea on exertion. However, gastrointestinal (GI) complication of COVID-19 is emerging as well. This was observed with similar viral respiratory illnesses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which emerged in 2003, and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), which emerged in 2012. In a recently published,\u00a0single-center case series of 138 consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19, investigators reported that approximately 10% of patients initially presented with GI symptoms, prior to the subsequent development of respiratory symptoms. Common and often very subtle symptoms included diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain, with a less common symptom being nonspecific GI illness. New studies are expanding our understanding of the possible fecal transmission of COVID-19. Assessment by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has provided evidence of the virus in the stool and the oropharynx outside the nasopharynx and respiratory tract. Virus in the stool may be evident on presentation and last throughout the course of illness resolution for up to 12 days after the respiratory virus evidence is gone. In fact, in one of the most recent studies looking at 73 patients, approximately 24% remained positive in their stool for evidence of the virus, though not necessarily infection, after showing negative in respiratory samples. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that after two negative respiratory tests separated by \u2265 24 hours, patients can be dismissed from having transmissibility infection risk for COVID-19. The potential for fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 needs to be strongly considered. Considering these cases and the lessons from SARS, many authors recommend that real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from feces should be performed routinely in SARS-CoV-2 patients."}, {"pmid": 32488413, "pmcid": "PMC7265158", "title": "[Psychopharmacotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Nervenarzt", "authors": ["Seifert, J", "Heck, J", "Eckermann, G", "Singer, M", "Bleich, S", "Grohmann, R", "Toto, S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488413", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In view of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, patient care, including that of psychiatric patients, is facing unprecedented challenges. Treatment strategies for mental illness include psychotherapy and psychopharmacological interventions. The latter are associated with a\u00a0multitude of adverse drug reactions (ADR); however, they may currently represent the preferred treatment due to restrictions regarding patient care (i.e. social distancing). Direct contact to patients may have to be reduced in favor of telephone calls or video conferences, so that new techniques in diagnosing and treating patients have to be established to guarantee patient safety. Patients should be extensively informed about relevant ADRs and physicians should actively ask patients about the timely recognition of ADRs. The use of psychotropic drugs may lead to an increased risk of developing ADRs, which are considered to be particularly unfavorable if they occur simultaneously with an acute infection or may even lead to an increased risk of infection. These include respiratory depression, agranulocytosis, intoxication by inhibition of metabolizing enzymes and venous thromboembolism, each of which may be associated with potentially fatal consequences; however, physicians should simultaneously ensure adequate efficacy of treatment, since the ongoing crisis may lead to a\u00a0worsening of preexisting mental illnesses and to a\u00a0surge in first onset of psychiatric disorders."}, {"pmid": 32377034, "pmcid": "PMC7200368", "title": "Estimating and Projecting Air Passenger Traffic during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreak and its Socio-Economic Impact.", "journal": "Saf Sci", "authors": ["Iacus, Stefano Maria", "Natale, Fabrizio", "Santamaria, Carlos", "Spyratos, Spyridon", "Vespe, Michele"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377034", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the coronavirus global crisis, most countries have put in place restrictive measures in order to confine the pandemia and contain the number of casualties. Among the restrictive measures, air traffic suspension is certainly quite effective in reducing the mobility on the global scale in the short term but it also has high socio-economic impact on the long and short term. The main focus of this study is to collect and prepare data on air passengers traffic worldwide with the scope of analyze the impact of travel ban on the aviation sector. Based on historical data from January 2010 till October 2019, a forecasting model is implemented in order to set a reference baseline. Making use of airplane movements extracted from online flight tracking platforms and on-line booking systems, this study presents also a first assessment of recent changes in flight activity around the world as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. To study the effects of air travel ban on aviation and in turn its socio-economic, several scenarios are constructed based on past pandemic crisis and the observed flight volumes. It turns out that, according to these hypothetical scenarios, in the first Quarter of 2020 the impact of aviation losses could have negatively reduced World GDP by 0.02% to 0.12% according to the observed data and, in the worst case scenarios, at the end of 2020 the loss could be as high as 1.41-1.67% and job losses may reach the value of 25-30 millions. Focusing on EU27, the GDP loss may amount to 1.66-1.98% by the end of 2020 and the number of job losses from 4.2 to 5 millions in the worst case scenarios. Some countries will be more affected than others in the short run and most European airlines companies will suffer from the travel ban. We hope that that these preliminary results may be of help for informed policy making design of exit strategies from this global crisis."}, {"pmid": 32368928, "title": "Can Chest CT Features Distinguish Patients With Negative From Those With Positive Initial RT-PCR Results for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)?", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Chen, Dandan", "Jiang, Xinqing", "Hong, Yong", "Wen, Zhihui", "Wei, Shuquan", "Peng, Guangming", "Wei, Xinhua"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368928", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to explore the value of CT in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia, especially for patients who have negative initial results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia from January 19, 2020, to February 20, 2020, were included. All patients underwent chest CT and swab RT-PCR tests within 3 days. Patients were divided into groups with negative (seven patients) and positive (14 patients) initial RT-PCR results. The imaging findings in both groups were recorded and compared. RESULTS. Twenty-one patients with symptoms (nine men, 12 women; age range, 26-90 years) were evaluated. Most of the COVID-19 lesions were located in multiple lobes (67%) in both lungs (72%) in our study. The main CT features were ground-glass opacity (95%) and consolidation (72%) with a subpleural distribution (100%). Otherwise, 33% of patients had other lesions around the bronchovascular bundle. The other CT features included air bronchogram (57%), vascular enlargement (67%), interlobular septal thickening (62%), and pleural effusions (19%). Compared with that in the group with positive initial RT-PCR results, CT of the group with negative initial RT-PCR results was less likely to show pulmonary consolidation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION. The less pulmonary consolidation found at CT, the greater is the possibility of negative initial RT-PCR results. Chest CT is important in the screening of patients in whom disease is clinically suspected, especially those who have negative initial RT-PCR results."}, {"pmid": 32414230, "title": "Gynecological prevention and control model based on ward rearrangement and zoning management in pandemic period of COVID-19.", "journal": "Panminerva Med", "authors": ["Liu, Jin", "Yang, Jiang", "Li, Suting", "Chen, Jue", "Yang, Lian", "Zhao, Zhihan", "Hong, Li"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By 25th April 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 caused 2719897 confirmed cases and 187705 deaths globally, remarkably more than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) (8273 cases, 775 deaths) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) (1139 cases, 431 deaths) in 2003 and 2013, respectively. Gynecology is a specialty department with a large number of critical and severe patients. Consequently, it is of preeminent importance to formulate the in-patient management process. Rearranging the gynecological wards and managing ward partition, as well as the medical protection measures in specialized areas, are suitable for the current prevention and control for COVID-19 pandemic and the therapeutic requirements of patients. To effectively minimize nosocomial infections during the COVID- 19 pandemic period, our department implemented a novel prevention strategy based on the ward redesign and partition management. With this model, our department effectively protected the safety and health of patients and medical care staff from cross and nosocomial infection in the hospital. Now we would like to share the experience and strategies we implemented as following."}, {"pmid": 32366725, "title": "COVID -19 Pandemic: The Challenges for Pediatric Oncology.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Seth, Rachna"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223725, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 8 (Reporting period from 19:00 AEDT 14 March to 23:59 AEDT 22 March 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223725", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is the eighth epidemiological report for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reported in Australia as at 23:59 Australian Eastern Daylight Time [AEDT] 22 March 2020. It includes data on COVID-19 cases diagnosed in Australia, the international situation and a review of current evidence."}, {"pmid": 32395929, "title": "First public health measures for the containment of COVID-19: a hotel in quarantine.", "journal": "Emergencias", "authors": ["Girones-Bredy, Clara Elisa", "Posca-Maina, Marcela", "Pinto-Plasencia, Ramon Guillermo", "Mahtani-Chugani, Vinita"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395929", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353520, "pmcid": "PMC7185010", "title": "How much \"Thinking\" about COVID-19 is clinically dysfunctional?", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Lee, Sherman A"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353520", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333209, "pmcid": "PMC7182093", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Syringe Services Programs in the United States.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Glick, Sara N", "Prohaska, Stephanie M", "LaKosky, Paul A", "Juarez, Alexa M", "Corcorran, Maria A", "Des Jarlais, Don C"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333209", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275253, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 invades the West. How to face a COVID-19 epidemic in Lombardy, Northern Italy?", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Rizzi, Marco", "Castelli, Francesco", "Latronico, Nicola", "Foca, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275253", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Not available."}, {"pmid": 32458289, "pmcid": "PMC7250491", "title": "The risk of COVID-19 transmission by laparoscopic smoke may be lower than for laparotomy: a narrative review.", "journal": "Surg Endosc", "authors": ["Mintz, Yoav", "Arezzo, Alberto", "Boni, Luigi", "Baldari, Ludovica", "Cassinotti, Elisa", "Brodie, Ronit", "Uranues, Selman", "Zheng, MinHua", "Fingerhut, Abe"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458289", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Surgical smoke is a well-recognized hazard in the operating room. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, surgical societies quickly published guidelines recommending avoiding laparoscopy or to consider open surgery because of the fear of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through surgical smoke or aerosol. This narrative review of the literature aimed to determine whether there are any differences in the creation of surgical smoke/aerosol between laparoscopy and laparotomy and if laparoscopy may be safer than laparotomy. A literature search was performed using the Pubmed, Embase and Google scholar search engines, as well as manual search of the major journals with specific COVID-19 sections for ahead-of-print publications. Of 1098 identified articles, we critically appraised 50. Surgical smoke created by electrosurgical and ultrasonic devices has the same composition both in laparoscopy and laparotomy. SARS-CoV-2 has never been found in surgical smoke and there is currently no data to support its virulence if ever it could be transmitted through surgical smoke/aerosol. If laparoscopy is performed in a closed cavity enabling containment of surgical smoke/aerosol, and proper evacuation of smoke with simple measures is respected, and as long as laparoscopy is not contraindicated, we believe that this surgical approach may be safer for the operating team while the patient has the benefits of minimally invasive surgery. Evidence-based research in this field is needed for definitive determination of safety."}, {"pmid": 32433219, "title": "Applying Harm Reduction Principles to Address Screen Time in Young Children Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Dev Behav Pediatr", "authors": ["Vanderloo, Leigh M", "Carsley, Sarah", "Aglipay, Mary", "Cost, Katherine T", "Maguire, Jonathon", "Birken, Catherine S"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433219", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524949, "title": "High impact of COVID-19 in long-term care facilities, suggestion for monitoring in the EU/EEA, May 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Danis, Kostas", "Fonteneau, Laure", "Georges, Scarlett", "Daniau, Come", "Bernard-Stoecklin, Sibylle", "Domegan, Lisa", "O'Donnell, Joan", "Hauge, Siri Helene", "Dequeker, Sara", "Vandael, Eline", "Van der Heyden, Johan", "Renard, Francoise", "Sierra, Natalia Bustos", "Ricchizzi, Enrico", "Schweickert, Birgitta", "Schmidt, Nicole", "Abu Sin, Muna", "Eckmanns, Tim", "Paiva, Jose-Artur", "Schneider, Elke"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524949", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Residents in long-term care facilities (LTCF) are a vulnerable population group. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-related deaths in LTCF residents represent 30-60% of all COVID-19 deaths in many European countries. This situation demands that countries implement local and national testing, infection prevention and control, and monitoring programmes for COVID-19 in LTCF in order to identify clusters early, decrease the spread within and between facilities and reduce the size and severity of outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32518474, "pmcid": "PMC7274126", "title": "How to reduce epidemic peaks keeping under control the time-span of the epidemic.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Cadoni, Mariano"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518474", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One of the main challenges of the measures against the COVID-19 epidemic is to reduce the amplitude of the epidemic peak without increasing without control its timescale. We investigate this problem using the SIR model for the epidemic dynamics, for which reduction of the epidemic peak IP can be achieved only at the price of increasing the time tP of its occurrence and its entire time-span tE . By means of a time reparametrization we linearize the equations for the SIR dynamics. This allows us to solve exactly the dynamics in the time domain and to derive the scaling behaviour of the size, the timescale and the speed of the epidemics, by reducing the infection rate \u03b1 and by increasing the removal rate \u03b2 by a factor of \u03bb. We show that for a given value of the size (IP , the total, IE and average \n                        \n                            \n                                I\n                                ^\n                            \n                            P\n                        \n                     number of infected), its occurrence time tP and entire time-span tE can be reduced by a factor 1/\u03bb if the reduction of I is achieved by increasing the removal rate instead of reducing the infection rate. Thus, epidemic containment measures based on tracing, early detection followed by prompt isolation of infected individuals are more efficient than those based on social distancing. We apply our results to the COVID-19 epidemic in Northern Italy. We show that the peak time tP and the entire time span tE could have been reduced by a factor 0.9\u00a0\u2264\u00a01/\u03bb\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.34 with containment measures focused on increasing \u03b2 instead of reducing \u03b1."}, {"pmid": 32293678, "pmcid": "PMC7184431", "title": "Letter: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Patel, Zara M", "Fernandez-Miranda, Juan", "Hwang, Peter H", "Nayak, Jayakar V", "Dodd, Robert", "Sajjadi, Hamed", "Jackler, Robert K"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293678", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402434, "pmcid": "PMC7200380", "title": "COVID-19 in pediatric patients: What the prehospital teams need to know.", "journal": "Arch Pediatr", "authors": ["Lemoine, Sabine", "Chabernaud, Jean-Louis", "Travers, Stephane", "Prunet, Bertrand"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402434", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485205, "pmcid": "PMC7261073", "title": "The endosomal lipid bis(monoacylglycero) phosphate as a potential key player in the mechanism of action of chloroquine against SARS-COV-2 and other enveloped viruses hijacking the endocytic pathway.", "journal": "Biochimie", "authors": ["Carriere, Frederic", "Longhi, Sonia", "Record, Michel"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485205", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The anti-malarial drug Chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine have shown antiviral activities in\u00a0vitro against many viruses, including coronaviruses, dengue virus and the biosafety level 4 Nipah and Hendra paramyxoviruses. The in\u00a0vivo efficacy of CQ in the treatment of COVID-19 is currently a matter of debate. CQ is a lysosomotrophic compound that accumulates in lysosomes, as well as in food vacuoles of Plasmodium falciparum. In the treatment of malaria, CQ impairs the digestion and growth of the parasite by increasing the pH of the food vacuole. Similarly, it is assumed that the antiviral effects of CQ results from the increase of lysosome pH and the inhibition of acidic proteases involved in the maturation of virus fusion protein. CQ has however other effects, among which phospholipidosis, characterized by the accumulation of multivesicular bodies within the cell. The increase in phospholipid species particularly concerns bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), a specific lipid of late endosomes involved in vesicular trafficking and pH-dependent vesicle budding. It was shown previously that drugs like progesterone, the cationic amphiphile U18666A and the phospholipase inhibitor methyl arachidonyl fluoro phosphonate (MAFP) induce the accumulation of BMP in THP-1\u00a0cells and decrease cell infection by human immunodeficiency virus. HIV viral particles were found to be retained into large endosomal-type vesicles, preventing virus spreading. Since BMP was also reported to favour virus entry through hijacking of the endocytic pathway, we propose here that BMP could play a dual role in viral infection, with its antiviral effects triggered by lysosomotropic drugs like CQ."}, {"pmid": 32313828, "pmcid": "PMC7166304", "title": "A \"One-Health\" approach for diagnosis and molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Lorusso, Alessio", "Calistri, Paolo", "Mercante, Maria Teresa", "Monaco, Federica", "Portanti, Ottavio", "Marcacci, Maurilia", "Camma, Cesare", "Rinaldi, Antonio", "Mangone, Iolanda", "Di Pasquale, Adriano", "Iommarini, Marino", "Mattucci, Maria", "Fazii, Paolo", "Tarquini, Pierluigi", "Mariani, Rinalda", "Grimaldi, Alessandro", "Morelli, Daniela", "Migliorati, Giacomo", "Savini, Giovanni", "Borrello, Silvio", "D'Alterio, Nicola"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313828", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic is caused by a novel coronavirus (CoV) called SARS-CoV-2 (species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, subgenus Sarbecovirus, genus Betacoronavirus, family Coronaviridae). In Italy, up to the 2nd of April 2020, overall 139,422 confirmed cases and 17,669 deaths have been notified, while 26,491 people have recovered. Besides the overloading of hospitals, another issue to face was the capacity to perform thousands of tests per day. In this perspective, to support the National Health Care System and to minimize the impact of this rapidly spreading virus, the Italian Ministry of Health involved the Istituti Zooprofilattici Sperimentali (IZSs), Veterinary Public Health Institutes, in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by testing human samples. IZSAM, is currently testing more than 600 samples per day and WGS from positive samples. Sequence analysis of these samples suggested that outbreaks in Abruzzo region may be related to outbreaks of northern Italy and northern Europe, these latter as for the presence of mutations in the N protein. CoVs, and related diseases, are well known to veterinarians since decades. The experience that veterinarians operating within the Public health system gained in the control and characterization of previous health issues of livestock and poultry including avian flu, bluetongue, foot and mouth disease, responsible for huge economic losses, is certainly of great help to minimize the impact of this global crisis."}, {"pmid": 32404896, "pmcid": "PMC7220608", "title": "Clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a cohort of patients with disability due to spinal cord injury.", "journal": "Spinal Cord Ser Cases", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Cola, Miguel", "Jimenez-Velasco, Irena", "Gutierrez-Henares, Francisco", "Lopez-Dolado, Elisa", "Gambarrutta-Malfatti, Claudia", "Vargas-Baquero, Eduardo", "Gil-Agudo, Angel"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404896", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cohort study of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). To describe the clinical and analytical features of a coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) infected cohort with SCI to enable accurate diagnosis and to outline prevention measures. This study was conducted at the National Hospital for Paraplegics (Toledo, Spain). A cohort analysis of seven patients with SCI infected by Covid-19 was performed. Diagnosis was confirmed with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasal exudate or sputum samples. Clinical, analytical, and radiographic findings were registered. RT-PCR detected COVID-19 infection in all patients, affecting males and people with a cervical level of injury more often (five out of seven). The average delay for diagnostic confirmation was 4 days (interquartile range, 1-10). Fever was the most frequent symptom (six out of seven). The second most common symptom was asthenia (four out of seven), followed by dyspnea, cough, and expectoration (three out of seven for each symptom). The Modified Early Warning System score for Covid-19 severity rating was classified as severe in five out of seven cases. All but one patient showed radiological alterations evident in chest X-rays at the time of diagnosis. All patients recovered gradually. Our patients with SCI and Covid-19 infection exhibited fewer symptoms than the general population. Furthermore, they presented similar or greater clinical severity. The clinical evolution was not as pronounced as had been expected. This study recommends close supervision of the SCI population to detect early compatible signs and symptoms of Covid-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32329659, "title": "Role of Telehealth in the Management of COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Previous SARS, MERS, and Ebola Outbreaks.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Keshvardoost, Sareh", "Bahaadinbeigy, Kambiz", "Fatehi, Farhad"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329659", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Concerns about the prevention and management of COVID-19 are on the rise, as it is crucial in contagious epidemics that travel and transfer of the patients be minimal for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-ups. Telemedicine or telehealth can play an important role, especially with previous successful experiences in the management of acute infectious respiratory epidemics such as SARS and MERS. In order to better control the rapid spread of coronavirus and manage the COVID-19 crisis, both developed and developing countries can improve the efficiency of their health system by replacing a proportion of face-to-face clinical encounters with telehealth. Recent technological advancement facilitates this reform, but there is a need for national or state-wide rules and regulations to be adapted accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32507608, "title": "Hepatic consequences of COVID-19 infection. Lapping or biting?", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Portincasa, Piero", "Krawczyk, Marcin", "Machill, Antonia", "Lammert, Frank", "Di Ciaula, Agostino"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507608", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) starting last December in China placed emphasis on liver involvement during infection. This review discusses the underlying mechanisms linking COVID-19 to liver dysfunction, according to recent available information, while waiting further studies. The manifestations of liver damage are usually mild (moderately elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase activities), and generally asymptomatic. Few patients can still develop severe liver problems, and therapeutic options can be limited. Liver dysfunction may affect about one-third of the patients, with prevalence greater in men than women, and in elderly. Mechanisms of damage are complex and include direct cholangiocyte damage and other coexisting conditions such as the use of antiviral drugs, systemic inflammatory response, respiratory distress syndrome-induced hypoxia, sepsis, and multiple organ dysfunction. During new COVID-19 infections, liver injury may be observed. If liver involvement appears during COVID-19 infection, however, attention is required. This is particularly true if patients are older or have a pre-existing history of liver diseases. During COVID-19 infection, the onset of liver damage impairs the prognosis, and hospital stay is longer."}, {"pmid": 32367431, "pmcid": "PMC7197033", "title": "Neurological manifestations of patients with COVID-19: potential routes of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion from the periphery to the brain.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Li, Zhengqian", "Liu, Taotao", "Yang, Ning", "Han, Dengyang", "Mi, Xinning", "Li, Yue", "Liu, Kaixi", "Vuylsteke, Alain", "Xiang, Hongbing", "Guo, Xiangyang"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367431", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic in only 3 months. In addition to major respiratory distress, characteristic neurological manifestations are also described, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 may be an underestimated opportunistic pathogen of the brain. Based on previous studies of neuroinvasive human respiratory coronaviruses, it is proposed that after physical contact with the nasal mucosa, laryngopharynx, trachea, lower respiratory tract, alveoli epithelium, or gastrointestinal mucosa, SARS-CoV-2 can induce intrinsic and innate immune responses in the host involving increased cytokine release, tissue damage, and high neurosusceptibility to COVID-19, especially in the hypoxic conditions caused by lung injury. In some immune-compromised individuals, the virus may invade the brain through multiple routes, such as the vasculature and peripheral nerves. Therefore, in addition to drug treatments, such as pharmaceuticals and traditional Chinese medicine, non-pharmaceutical precautions, including facemasks and hand hygiene, are critically important."}, {"pmid": 32232419, "pmcid": "PMC7138336", "title": "Use of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Every Clinician Should Know.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Yazdany, Jinoos", "Kim, Alfred H J"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232419", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505514, "title": "COVID-19 infection during the third trimester of pregnancy: Current clinical dilemmas.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Fontanella, F", "Hannes, S", "Keating, N", "Martyn, F", "Browne, I", "Briet, J", "McAuliffe, F M", "Baalman, J H"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505514", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342479, "pmcid": "PMC7186187", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 145 patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Chen, Qingqing", "Zheng, Zhencang", "Zhang, Chao", "Zhang, Xijiang", "Wu, Huijuan", "Wang, Jingdong", "Wang, Shuwei", "Zheng, Cheng"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342479", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of Corona Virus Disease 2019 in Taizhou, China. A single center retrospective observational study was performed between Jan 1, 2020 and Mar 11, 2020 at Taizhou Public Health Medical Center, Zhejiang, China. All patients with confirmed Corona Virus Disease 2019 were enrolled, and their clinical data were gathered by reviewing electronic medical records. Outcomes of severely ill patients and non-severely ill patients were compared. Of 145 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the average age was 47.5\u00a0years old (standard deviation, 14.6) and 54.5% were men. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (15.2%), followed by diabetes mellitus (9.7%). Common symptoms included dry cough (81.4%), fever (75.2%), anorexia (42.8%), fatigue (40.7%), chest tightness (32.4%), diarrhea (26.9%) and dizziness (20%). According to imaging examination, 79.3% patients showed bilateral pneumonia, 18.6% showed unilateral pneumonia, 61.4% showed ground-glass opacity, and 2.1% showed no abnormal result. Compared with non-severely ill patients, severely ill patients were older (mean, years, 52.8 vs. 45.3, p\u2009<\u20090.01), had a higher proportion of diabetes mellitus (16.3% vs. 6.9%, p\u2009=\u20090.08), had a higher body mass index (mean, 24.78 vs. 23.20, p\u2009=\u20090.02) and were more likely to have fever (90.7% vs. 68.6%, p\u2009=\u20090.01), anorexia (60.5% vs. 35.3%, p\u2009=\u20090.01), chest tightness (60.5% vs.20.6%, p\u2009<\u20090.01) and dyspnea (7.0% vs. 0%, p\u2009=\u20090.03). Of the 43 severely ill patients, 6 (14%) received high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, and 1 (2.3%) received invasive mechanical ventilation. Older patients or patients with comorbidities such as obesity or diabetes mellitus were more likely to have severe condition. Treatments of COVID-19 is still experimental and more clinical trials are needed."}, {"pmid": 32485299, "pmcid": "PMC7251363", "title": "\"Hot Zones\" for Otolaryngologists: Assessing the geographic distribution of aerosol-generating procedures amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Quereshy, Humzah A", "Jella, Tarun K", "Ruthberg, Jeremy S", "Kocharyan, Armine", "D'Anza, Brian", "Maronian, Nicole", "Otteson, Todd D"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485299", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given high COVID-19 viral load and aerosolization in the head and neck, otolaryngologists are subject to uniquely elevated viral exposure in most of their inpatient and outpatient procedures and interventions. While elective activity has halted across the board nationally, the slow plateau of COVID-19 case rates prompts the question of timing of resumption of clinical activity. We sought to prospectively predict geographical \"hot zones\" for otolaryngological exposure to COVID-19 based on procedural volumes data from 2013 to 2017. Otolaryngologic CPT codes were stratified based on risk-level, according to recently published specialty-specific guidelines. Using the Medicare POSPUF database, aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) were mapped based on hospital referral regions, against up-to-date COVID-19 case distribution data, as of April 24, 2020. The most common AGPs were diagnostic flexible laryngoscopy, diagnostic nasal endoscopy, and flexible laryngoscopy with stroboscopy. The regions with the most AGPs per otolaryngologist were Iowa City, IA, Detroit, MI, and Burlington, VT, while the states with the most COVID-19 cases as of April 24th are New York, New Jersey, and Massachusetts. Our study provides a model for predicting possible \"hot zones\" for otolaryngologic exposure based on both COVID-19 case density and AGP-density. As the focus shifts to resuming elective procedures, these potential \"hot zones\" need to be evaluated for appropriate risk-based decision-making, such as \"reopening strategies\" and allocation of resources."}, {"pmid": 32289321, "pmcid": "PMC7151487", "title": "Cardiovascular molecular mechanisms of disease with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Mol Cell Cardiol", "authors": ["Foo, Roger", "Wang, Yibin", "Zimmermann, Wolfram-Hubertus", "Backs, Johannes", "Wang, Dao Wen"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289321", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32218652, "pmcid": "PMC7095264", "title": "Is Pakistan prepared to tackle the coronavirus epidemic?", "journal": "Drugs Ther Perspect", "authors": ["Saqlain, Muhammad", "Munir, Muhammad Muddasir", "Ahmed, Ali", "Tahir, Azhar Hussain", "Kamran, Sohail"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218652", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32214238, "title": "How blood from coronavirus survivors might save lives.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32214238", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306047, "pmcid": "PMC7188146", "title": "Antibody Detection and Dynamic Characteristics in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xiang, Fei", "Wang, Xiaorong", "He, Xinliang", "Peng, Zhenghong", "Yang, Bohan", "Zhang, Jianchu", "Zhou, Qiong", "Ye, Hong", "Ma, Yanling", "Li, Hui", "Wei, Xiaoshan", "Cai, Pengcheng", "Ma, Wan-Li"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306047", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been rapidly spreading nationwide and abroad. A serologic test to identify antibody dynamics and response to SARS-CoV-2 was developed. The antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the recombinant nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 at 3-40 days after symptom onset. The gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis was nucleic acid testing for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. The serodiagnostic power of the specific IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was investigated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and consistency rate. The seroconversion of specific IgM and IgG antibodies were observed as early as the 4th day after symptom onset. In the confirmed patients with COVID-19, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and consistency rate of IgM were 77.3% (51/66), 100%, 100%, 80.0%, and 88.1%, and those of IgG were 83.3.3% (55/66), 95.0%, 94.8%, 83.8%, and 88.9 %. In patients with suspected COVID-19, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and consistency rate of IgM were 87.5% (21/24), 100%, 100%, 95.2%, and 96.4%, and those of IgG were 70.8% (17/24), 96.6%, 85.0%, 89.1%, and 88.1%. Both antibodies performed well in serodiagnosis for COVID-19 rely on great specificity. The antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in the middle and later stage of the illness. Antibody detection may play an important role in the diagnosis of COVID-19 as complement approach for viral nucleid acid assays."}, {"pmid": 32450344, "pmcid": "PMC7244436", "title": "Enhanced platelet inhibition treatment improves hypoxemia in patients with severe Covid-19 and hypercoagulability. A case control, proof of concept study.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Viecca, Maurizio", "Radovanovic, Dejan", "Forleo, Giovanni Battista", "Santus, Pierachille"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450344", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients affected by severe coronavirus induced disease-2019 (Covid-19) often experience hypoxemia due to alveolar involvement and endothelial dysfunction, which leads to the formation of micro thrombi in the pulmonary capillary vessels. Both hypoxemia and a prothrombotic diathesis have been associated with more severe disease and increased risk of death. To date, specific indications to treat this condition are lacking. This was a single center, investigator initiated, compassionate use, proof of concept, case control, phase IIb study (NCT04368377) conducted in the Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit of L. Sacco University Hospital in Milano, Italy. Our objective was to explore the effects of the administration of anti-platelet therapy on arterial oxygenation and clinical outcomes in patients with severe Covid-19 with hypercoagulability. We enrolled five consecutive patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe respiratory failure requiring helmet continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and a pro-thrombotic state identified as a D-dimer > 3 times the upper limit of normal. Five patients matched for age, D-dimer value and SOFA score formed the control group. Beyond standard of care, treated patients received 25 \u03bcg/Kg/body weight tirofiban as bolus infusion, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.15 \u03bcg/Kg/body weight per minute for 48 hours. Before tirofiban, patients received acetylsalicylic acid 250 mg infusion and oral clopidogrel 300 mg; both were continued at a dose of 75 mg daily for 30 days. Fondaparinux2.5 mg/day sub-cutaneous was given for the duration of the hospital stay. All controls were receiving prophylactic or therapeutic dose heparin, according to local standard operating procedures. Treated patients consistently experienced a mean (SD) reduction in A-a O2 gradient of -32.6 mmHg (61.9, P = 0.154), -52.4 mmHg (59.4, P = 0.016) and -151.1 mmHg (56.6, P = 0.011; P = 0.047 vs. controls) at 24, 48 hours and 7 days after treatment. PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased by 52 mmHg (50, P = 0.172), 64 mmHg (47, P = 0.040) and 112 mmHg (51, P = 0.036) after 24, 48 hours and 7 days, respectively. All patients but one were successfully weaned from CPAP after 3 days. This was not true for the control group. No major adverse events were observed. Antiplatelet therapy might be effective in improving the ventilation/perfusion ratio in Covid-19 patients with severe respiratory failure. The effects might be sustained by the prevention and interference on forming clots in lung capillary vessels and by modulating megakaryocytes' function and platelet adhesion. Randomized clinical trials are urgently needed to confirm these results."}, {"pmid": 32091414, "pmcid": "PMC7147284", "title": "Chest CT Findings in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Its Relationship With Clinical Features.", "journal": "Invest Radiol", "authors": ["Wu, Jiong", "Wu, Xiaojia", "Zeng, Wenbing", "Guo, Dajing", "Fang, Zheng", "Chen, Linli", "Huang, Huizhe", "Li, Chuanming"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32091414", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to investigate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to evaluate its relationship with clinical features. Study sample consisted of 80 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 from January to February 2020. The chest CT images and clinical data were reviewed, and the relationship between them was analyzed. Totally, 80 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included. With regards to the clinical manifestations, 58 (73%) of the 80 patients had cough, and 61 (76%) of the 80 patients had high temperature levels. The most frequent CT abnormalities observed were ground glass opacity (73/80 cases, 91%), consolidation (50/80 cases, 63%), and interlobular septal thickening (47/80, 59%). Most of the lesions were multiple, with an average of 12 \u00b1 6 lung segments involved. The most common involved lung segments were the dorsal segment of the right lower lobe (69/80, 86%), the posterior basal segment of the right lower lobe (68/80, 85%), the lateral basal segment of the right lower lobe (64/80, 80%), the dorsal segment of the left lower lobe (61/80, 76%), and the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe (65/80, 81%). The average pulmonary inflammation index value was (34% \u00b1 20%) for all the patients. Correlation analysis showed that the pulmonary inflammation index value was significantly correlated with the values of lymphocyte count, monocyte count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, days from illness onset, and body temperature (P < 0.05). The common chest CT findings of COVID-19 are multiple ground glass opacity, consolidation, and interlobular septal thickening in both lungs, which are mostly distributed under the pleura. There are significant correlations between the degree of pulmonary inflammation and the main clinical symptoms and laboratory results. Computed tomography plays an important role in the diagnosis and evaluation of this emerging global health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32408729, "title": "Systematic rapid living review on rehabilitation needs due to Covid-19: update to April 30th 2020.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["de Sire, Alessandro", "Andrenelli, Elisa", "Negrini, Francesco", "Negrini, Stefano", "Ceravolo, Maria Gabriella"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408729", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper adds to the series of systematic rapid living reviews, started in April 2020, to provide the rehabilitation community with updates on the latest scientific literature on rehabilitation needs due to Covid-19 pandemic. To present the results of a systematic scientific literature search performed on papers published from April 1st to April 30th, 2020. A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, PEDro, Web of Science and the main international guideline databases for articles published (including Epub), in English, from April 1st to April 30th, 2020. Papers were included if they reported on one of the following: 1) prevalence and features of the emerging disability after Covid-19; 2) rehabilitation strategies applied for Covid-19 patients, regardless of setting or stage; 3) information about rehabilitation services after Covid-19; 4) impact on diseases of rehabilitative interest; 5) complications of rehabilitative interest. Out of 445 articles retrieved for the time frame, 50 were finally included for qualitative analysis. They consist of 7 guidelines, 1 scoping review, 1 randomized controlled trial, 4 descriptive studies (qualitative), 1 case series, 1 case report, and 35 expert opinions. This systematic rapid living review showed an increasing evidence on rehabilitation needs due to COVID-19 outbreak during April 2020. The main novelties include: 1) the first appearance of epidemiological data on the likely high incidence of neurological complications/disabling sequelae in patients hospitalized for COVID-19; 2) rapid guidelines on the management of chronically disabled patients in the COVID-19 era; 3) advices to provide COVID-19 patients with early respiratory rehabilitation in the acute phase, and with telemonitoring and telerehabilitation in the post-acute phase. Although the overall quality of studies has increased, prospective cohort studies on disability course in COVID-19 pandemic and experimental studies on the effects of rehabilitation are still warranted."}, {"pmid": 32448784, "pmcid": "PMC7253001", "title": "Correction: Clinicopathological characteristics of 8697 patients with COVID-19 in China: a meta-analysis.", "journal": "Fam Med Community Health", "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448784", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467359, "title": "Influence of Different Inactivation Methods on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA Copy Number.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Chen, Hailong", "Wu, Rui", "Xing, Yuan", "Du, Quanli", "Xue, Zerun", "Xi, Yanli", "Yang, Yujie", "Deng, Yangni", "Han, Yuewen", "Li, Kaixin", "Luan, Yang", "Zhang, Yalan", "Wei, Xiaoguang", "Yu, Tongtong", "Li, Hao", "Zhu, Lingxiang", "Su, Shengshi", "Lian, Hao", "Lu, Linping", "Tan, Chianru", "Zheng, Haichao", "Chen, Baozhong", "Yu, Pengbo", "Guo, Yong", "Ma, Chaofeng"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467359", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has spread across the world and was characterized as a pandemic. To protect medical laboratory personnel from infection, most laboratories inactivate the clinical samples before testing. However, the effect of inactivation on the detection results remains unknown. Here, we used a digital PCR assay to determine the absolute SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy number in 63 nasopharyngeal samples and assess the effect of inactivation methods on viral RNA copy number. Viral inactivation was performed with three different methods: (1) incubation with TRIzol\u00ae LS Reagent for 10 min at room temperature, (2) heating in a waterbath at 56\u00b0C for 30 min, and (3) high-temperature treatment, including 121\u00b0C autoclaving for 20 min, 100\u00b0C boiling for 20 min, and 80\u00b0C heating for 20 min. Compared to the amount of RNA in the original sample, TRIzol treatment destroyed 47.54% of N gene and 39.85% of ORF 1ab. For samples treated at 56\u00b0C for 30 min, the copy number of N gene and ORF 1ab was reduced by 48.55% and 56.40%, respectively. Viral RNA copy number dropped by 50-66% after 80\u00b0C heating for 20 min. Nearly no viral RNA was detected after autoclaving at 121\u00b0C or boiling at 100\u00b0C for 20 min. These results indicated that inactivation reduced the quantity of detectable viral RNA and may cause false negative results especially in weakly positive cases. Thus, TRIzol is recommended for sample inactivation in comparison to heat inactivation as Trizol has the least effect on RNA copy number among the tested methods."}, {"pmid": 32405104, "pmcid": "PMC7217642", "title": "Africa faces difficult choices in responding to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Divala, Titus", "Burke, Rachael M", "Ndeketa, Latif", "Corbett, Elizabeth L", "MacPherson, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405104", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481773, "title": "COVID-19: Misinformation Can Kill.", "journal": "R I Med J (2013)", "authors": ["Aghagoli, Ghazal", "Siff, Emily J", "Tillman, Anastasia C", "Feller, Edward R"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481773", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330297, "pmcid": "PMC7264525", "title": "Optimization of group size in pool testing strategy for SARS-CoV-2: A simple mathematical model.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Aragon-Caqueo, Diego", "Fernandez-Salinas, Javier", "Laroze, David"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330297", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has reached unprecedented pandemic levels and is affecting almost every country in the world. Ramping up the testing capacity of a country supposes an essential public health response to this new outbreak. A pool testing strategy where multiple samples are tested in a single reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kit could potentially increase a country's testing capacity. The aim of this study is to propose a simple mathematical model to estimate the optimum number of pooled samples according to the relative prevalence of positive tests in a particular healthcare context, assuming that if a group tests negative, no further testing is done whereas if a group tests positive, all the subjects of the group are retested individually. The model predicts group sizes that range from 11 to 3 subjects. For a prevalence of 10% of positive tests, 40.6% of tests can be saved using testing groups of four subjects. For a 20% prevalence, 17.9% of tests can be saved using groups of three subjects. For higher prevalences, the strategy flattens and loses effectiveness. Pool testing individuals for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a valuable strategy that could considerably boost a country's testing capacity. However, further studies are needed to address how large these groups can be, without losing sensitivity on the RT-PCR. The strategy best works in settings with a low prevalence of positive tests. It is best implemented in subgroups with low clinical suspicion. The model can be adapted to specific prevalences, generating a tailored to the context implementation of the pool testing strategy."}, {"pmid": 32309679, "pmcid": "PMC7162643", "title": "COVID-19 Clinical Trials: A Primer for the Cardiovascular and Cardio-Oncology Communities.", "journal": "JACC Basic Transl Sci", "authors": ["Ky, Bonnie", "Mann, Douglas L"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309679", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a proliferation of clinical trials that are designed to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The overwhelming majority of cardiovascular and cancer patients are at increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection; accordingly, the cardiovascular and cardio-oncology communities are playing a major role in caring for COVID-19 patients. Many of the therapeutic agents that are being used to treat patients with COVID-19 are repurposed treatments for influenza, drugs that were not effective in Ebola patients, or treatments for malaria that were developed decades ago, and are unlikely to be familiar to the cardiovascular and cardio-oncology communities. Here we have provided a foundation for cardiovascular and cardio-oncology physicians who are on the frontline providing care to COVID-19 patients, so that they can better understand the emerging cardiovascular epidemiology of COVID-19, as well as the biological rationale for the clinical trials that are ongoing for the treatment of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32492557, "pmcid": "PMC7255745", "title": "Incidental CT findings in the lungs in COVID-19 patients presenting with abdominal pain.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Voutsinas, Nicholas", "Toussie, Danielle", "Jacobi, Adam", "Bernheim, Adam", "Chung, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492557", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to spread, some patients are presenting with abdominal symptoms without respiratory complaints. Our case series documents four patients who presented with abdominal symptoms whose abdominopelvic CT revealed incidental pulmonary parenchymal findings in the imaged lung bases and were subsequently confirmed positive for COVID-19 via laboratory testing. It remains to be seen whether these patients will eventually develop respiratory symptoms. While it is possible that the patients' abdominal complaints are coincidental with CT findings, it is interesting that patients can have such extensive incidental disease in the lungs on CT without respiratory symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32342676, "title": "Interim Guidelines on Antiviral Therapy for COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Kim, Sun Bean", "Huh, Kyungmin", "Heo, Jung Yeon", "Joo, Eun Jeong", "Kim, Youn Jeong", "Choi, Won Suk", "Kim, Yae Jean", "Seo, Yu Bin", "Yoon, Young Kyung", "Ku, Nam Su", "Jeong, Su Jin", "Kim, Sung Han", "Peck, Kyong Ran", "Yeom, Joon Sup"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342676", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first case was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on December 12, 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely to other countries since January 2020. As of April 16, 2020, 10635 confirmed cases have been reported, with 230 deaths in Korea. COVID-19 patients may be asymptomatic or show various clinical manifestations, including acute symptoms such as fever, fatigue, sore throat; pneumonia presenting as acute respiratory distress syndrome; and multiple organ failure. As COVID-19 has such varied clinical manifestations and case fatality rates, no standard antiviral therapy regimen has been established other than supportive therapy. In the present guideline, we aim to introduce potentially helpful antiviral and other drug therapies based on in vivo and in vitro research and clinical experiences from many countries."}, {"pmid": 32346393, "pmcid": "PMC7176065", "title": "COVID-19 and its ramifications for cancer patients in low-resource settings: Ghana as a case study.", "journal": "Ecancermedicalscience", "authors": ["Kugbey, Nuworza", "Ohene-Oti, Naomi", "Vanderpuye, Verna"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346393", "countries": ["Ghana"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of COVID-19 on healthcare in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is a major challenge requiring urgent measures. Cancer care in LMICs, including Ghana, is faced with inadequate numbers of skilled healthcare professionals and essential material resources which negatively impacts the quality of healthcare and wellbeing of patients. In the face of COVID-19, cancer patients are likely to be affected in three key ways: access to healthcare, increased financial toxicity and increased mental health burden as a consequence of strict measures being implemented to contain the virus in Ghana, including partial lockdowns and social distancing. Some cultural beliefs regarding COVID-19 and its influence on the health and wellbeing of cancer patients have also been discussed. Measures by the government to lessen the burden on citizens and health workers are highlighted with possible recommendations for improvement in cancer care in Ghana and other LMICs during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32267607, "pmcid": "PMC7262171", "title": "Lessons Never Learned: Crisis and gender-based violence.", "journal": "Dev World Bioeth", "authors": ["John, Neetu", "Casey, Sara E", "Carino, Giselle", "McGovern, Terry"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267607", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic exposes underlying inequalities in our socio-economic and health systems, such as gender-based violence (GBV). In emergencies, particularly ones that involve quarantine, GBV often increases. Policymakers must utilize community expertise, technology and existing global guidelines to disrupt these trends in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic. Gender norms and roles relegating women to the realm of care work puts them on the frontlines in an epidemic, while often excluding them from developing the response. It is critical to value women's roles in society and include their voices in the decision-making process to avoid unintended consequences and ensure a comprehensive response that caters to the needs of the most vulnerable groups."}, {"pmid": 32285027, "pmcid": "PMC7138353", "title": "Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Breast Health", "authors": ["Soran, Atilla", "Gimbel, Michael", "Diego, Emilia"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285027", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511058, "title": "COVID-19 Interview: Dr. Belgin Eroglu Kesim on Women in Science Advancing SARS-CoV-2 Tests-\"One Health\" and Changing the World for the Better.", "journal": "OMICS", "authors": ["Eroglu Kesim, Belgin", "Ozdemir, Vural"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511058", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399806, "pmcid": "PMC7217340", "title": "Is COVID-19 a New Hematologic Disease?", "journal": "Stem Cell Rev Rep", "authors": ["Debuc, Benjamin", "Smadja, David M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399806", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 viruses are positive single-stranded RNA viruses, whose infection can be asymptomatic or lead to the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Covid-19 is a respiratory infection with a significant impact on the hematopoietic system and hemostasis leading to several cardiovascular complications. Hematologic consequences of this new infection allowed medical community to start new treatment approaches concerning infection going from targeted anti-inflammatory drugs to anticoagulation or stem cell therapies. A better understanding of Covid-19 pathophysiology, in particular hematological disorders, will help to choose appropriate treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32388969, "title": "Ground-glass opacity on chest computed tomography in a young, athletic man with COVID-19-related pneumonia without hypoxemia.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Wankowicz, Pawel", "Rotter, Iwona"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388969", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355299, "title": "Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Bavel, Jay J Van", "Baicker, Katherine", "Boggio, Paulo S", "Capraro, Valerio", "Cichocka, Aleksandra", "Cikara, Mina", "Crockett, Molly J", "Crum, Alia J", "Douglas, Karen M", "Druckman, James N", "Drury, John", "Dube, Oeindrila", "Ellemers, Naomi", "Finkel, Eli J", "Fowler, James H", "Gelfand, Michele", "Han, Shihui", "Haslam, S Alexander", "Jetten, Jolanda", "Kitayama, Shinobu", "Mobbs, Dean", "Napper, Lucy E", "Packer, Dominic J", "Pennycook, Gordon", "Peters, Ellen", "Petty, Richard E", "Rand, David G", "Reicher, Stephen D", "Schnall, Simone", "Shariff, Azim", "Skitka, Linda J", "Smith, Sandra Susan", "Sunstein, Cass R", "Tabri, Nassim", "Tucker, Joshua A", "Linden, Sander van der", "Lange, Paul van", "Weeden, Kim A", "Wohl, Michael J A", "Zaki, Jamil", "Zion, Sean R", "Willer, Robb"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355299", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic represents a massive global health crisis. Because the crisis requires large-scale behaviour change and places significant psychological burdens on individuals, insights from the social and behavioural sciences can be used to help align human behaviour with the recommendations of epidemiologists and public health experts. Here we discuss evidence from a selection of research topics relevant to pandemics, including work on navigating threats, social and cultural influences on behaviour, science communication, moral decision-making, leadership, and stress and coping. In each section, we note the nature and quality of prior research, including uncertainty and unsettled issues. We identify several insights for effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight important gaps researchers should move quickly to fill in the coming weeks and months."}, {"pmid": 32339615, "pmcid": "PMC7195134", "title": "COVID-19: how prepared are front-line healthcare workers in England?", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Prescott, K", "Baxter, E", "Lynch, C", "Jassal, S", "Bashir, A", "Gray, J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339615", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "National efforts are underway to prepare the UK National Health Service (NHS) for the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the efficacy of these interventions is unknown. In view of this, a cross-sectional survey of front-line healthcare workers (HCWs) at two large acute NHS hospital trusts in England was undertaken to assess their confidence and perceived level of preparedness for the virus. The survey found that there has been moderate success in readying HCWs to manage COVID-19, but that more still needs to be done, particularly in relation to educating HCWs about laboratory diagnostics."}, {"pmid": 32402783, "pmcid": "PMC7205707", "title": "Beware of Time Delay and Differential Diagnosis when Screening for Symptoms of COVID-19 in Surgical Cancer Patients.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Ghannam, Abdelilah", "Souadka, Amine"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402783", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419853, "pmcid": "PMC7221270", "title": "COVID 19. A Flash in Mid-March.", "journal": "Maedica (Buchar)", "authors": ["Cinteza, Mircea"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419853", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530822, "title": "Preventing Facial Pressure Injury for Health Care Providers Adhering to COVID-19 Personal Protective Equipment Requirements.", "journal": "Adv Skin Wound Care", "authors": ["Smart, Hiske", "Opinion, Francis Byron", "Darwich, Issam", "Elnawasany, Manal Aly", "Kodange, Chaitanya"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530822", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine if a repurposed silicone-based dressing used underneath a N95 mask is a safe and beneficial option for facial skin injury prevention without compromising the mask's seal. Since February 21, 2020, staff in high risk areas such as the ED and ICU of King Hamad University Hospital have worn N95 masks when doing aerosol-generating procedures to protect against the novel coronavirus 2019. At that time, without education enablers or resources that could be directly translated into practice, the hospital's Pressure Injury Prevention Committee explored and created a stepwise process to protect the skin under these masks. This procedure was developed over time and tested to make sure that it did not interfere with the effectiveness of the N95 mask seal. Skin protection was achieved by repurposing a readily available silicone border dressing cut into strips. This was tested on 10 volunteer staff members of various skin types and both sexes who became part of this evidence generation project. Oxygen saturation values taken before and after the 4-hour wear test confirmed that well-fitted facial protection did not compromise the mask seal, but rather improved it. An added advantage was increased comfort with less friction as self-reported by the staff. An educational enabler to prevent MDRPI from N95 mask wear was an important additional resource for the staff. This creative and novel stepwise process of developing a safe skin protection method by which staff could apply a repurposed silicone border dressing beneath an N95 mask was largely effective and aided by the creation of the enabler."}, {"pmid": 32442328, "title": "Covid-19 guidance algorithm for advanced head and neck cancer reconstruction.", "journal": "Microsurgery", "authors": ["Hsieh, Meng-Chien Willie", "Lee, Chia-Chen", "Lu, Po-Liang", "Kuo, Yur-Ren"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392129, "title": "Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Rivett, Lucy", "Sridhar, Sushmita", "Sparkes, Dominic", "Routledge, Matthew", "Jones, Nick K", "Forrest, Sally", "Young, Jamie", "Pereira-Dias, Joana", "Hamilton, William L", "Ferris, Mark", "Torok, M Estee", "Meredith, Luke", "Curran, Martin D", "Fuller, Stewart", "Chaudhry, Afzal", "Shaw, Ashley", "Samworth, Richard J", "Bradley, John R", "Dougan, Gordon", "Smith, Kenneth G C", "Lehner, Paul J", "Matheson, Nicholas J", "Wright, Giles", "Goodfellow, Ian G", "Baker, Stephen", "Weekes, Michael P"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392129", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Significant differences exist in the availability of healthcare worker (HCW) SARS-CoV-2 testing between countries, and existing programmes focus on screening symptomatic rather than asymptomatic staff. Over a 3-week period (April 2020), 1,032 asymptomatic HCWs were screened for SARS-CoV-2 in a large UK teaching hospital. Symptomatic staff and symptomatic household contacts were additionally tested. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect viral RNA from a throat+nose self-swab. 3% of HCWs in the asymptomatic screening group tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. 17/30 (57%) were truly asymptomatic/pauci-symptomatic. 12/30 (40%) had experienced symptoms compatible with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) >7 days prior to testing, most self-isolating, returning well. Clusters of HCW infection were discovered on two independent wards. Viral genome sequencing showed that the majority of HCWs had the dominant lineage B\u22191. Our data demonstrates the utility of comprehensive screening of HCWs with minimal or no symptoms. This approach will be critical for protecting patients and hospital staff."}, {"pmid": 32405457, "pmcid": "PMC7219359", "title": "Cardiac injury, Arrhythmia and Sudden death in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "HeartRhythm Case Rep", "authors": ["Beri, Abhimanyu", "Kotak, Kamal"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405457", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470338, "pmcid": "PMC7250771", "title": "MORTALITY FROM COVID-19 INCREASES WITH UNSATURATED FAT, AND MAY BE REDUCED BY EARLY CALCIUM AND ALBUMIN SUPPLEMENTATION.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["El-Kurdi, Bara", "Khatua, Biswajit", "Rood, Christopher", "Snozek, Christine", "Cartin-Ceba, Rodrigo", "Singh, Vijay P", "Kostenko, Sergiy", "Trivedi, Shubham", "Folmes, Clifford", "Dykhouse, Katherine Minter", "Babar, Sumbal", "Chang, Yu-Hui", "Pannala, Rahul", "Cartin-Ceba, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470338", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413821, "pmcid": "PMC7204706", "title": "A review of modern technologies for tackling COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Kumar, Aishwarya", "Gupta, Puneet Kumar", "Srivastava, Ankita"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413821", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Science and technology sector constituting of data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence are contributing towards COVID-19. The aim of the present study is to discuss the various aspects of modern technology used to fight against COVID-19 crisis at different scales, including medical image processing, disease tracking, prediction outcomes, computational biology and medicines. A progressive search of the database related to modern technology towards COVID-19 is made. Further, a brief review is done on the extracted information by assessing the various aspects of modern technologies for tackling COVID-19 pandemic. We provide a window of thoughts on review of the technology advances used to decrease and smother the substantial impact of the outburst. Though different studies relating to modern technology towards COVID-19 have come up, yet there are still constrained applications and contributions of technology in this fight. On-going progress in the modern technology has contributed in improving people's lives and hence there is a solid conviction that validated research plans including artificial intelligence will be of significant advantage in helping people to fight this infection."}, {"pmid": 32448441, "pmcid": "PMC7211722", "title": "Comparison of three tracheal intubation methods for reducing droplet spread for use in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Yang, Stephen S", "Zhang, Michelle", "Chong, Jaron J R"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448441", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397262, "pmcid": "PMC7246850", "title": "Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Swabs, And/Or Serology for SARS COVID-19: What Are We Looking For?", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Sanduzzi, Alessandro", "Zamparelli, Stefano Sanduzzi"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397262", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Governments and clinicians that were fully involved in the dramatic SARS-CoV-2 outbreak during the last few weeks in Italy (and more or less all over the world) are fiercely debating the use of methods for screening this viral infection. Thus, all countries are employing a lot of resources in order to test more and more subjects. For this purpose, there are different strategies, based on either direct or indirect tests. Among the first category, the main assays used for SARS-CoV-2 are based on a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Such tests can be performed on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for the categories of those with symptoms and those potentially exposed. In order to integrate the molecular assays in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, a wide range of serology immunoassays (IAs) have also been developed. If we want to identify \"immune\" people in order to let them to come back to work, serology is the best (and probably the only) approach."}, {"pmid": 32464098, "pmcid": "PMC7237895", "title": "The Innate Immune System: Fighting on the Front Lines or Fanning the Flames of COVID-19?", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["McKechnie, Julia L", "Blish, Catherine A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464098", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had devastating global impacts and will continue to have dramatic effects on public health for years to come. A better understanding of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 will be critical for the application and development of therapeutics. The degree to which the innate immune response confers protection or induces pathogenesis through a dysregulated immune response remains unclear. In this review, we discuss what is known about the role of the innate immune system during SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggest directions for future studies, and evaluate proposed COVID-19 immunomodulating therapeutics."}, {"pmid": 32497348, "title": "How Simulations May Help Us to Understand the Dynamics of COVID-19 Spread. - Visualizing Non-Intuitive Behaviors of a Pandemic (pansim.uni-jena.de).", "journal": "Acta Physiol (Oxf)", "authors": ["Kache, Tom", "Mrowka, Ralf"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497348", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus SARS-COV-2 is currently impacting life around the globe 1 . The rapid spread of this viral disease might be highly challenging for health care systems. This was seen in Northern Italy and in New York City for example2 . Governments reacted with different measures such as shutdown of all schools, universities and up to a general curfew. All of those measures have a huge impact on the economy. The United Nations secretary general has stated recently: \"The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most dangerous challenges this world has faced in our lifetime."}, {"pmid": 32399954, "pmcid": "PMC7214847", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and myocardial injury: a role for Nox2?", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Violi, Francesco", "Pastori, Daniele", "Pignatelli, Pasquale", "Cangemi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399954", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be complicated by myocardial injury but at-risk patients as well as mechanism of disease are unclear. We gathered data regarding troponin levels in the so far reported SARS-CoV-2 patients and found a large variability in terms of troponin levels, patients with more severe disease, as those treated by ICU, presenting with higher percentage of troponin elevation. However, lack of prospective studies hampers adequate analysis of risk factors of myocardial damage. Previous study demonstrated that Nox2 is up-regulated in pneumonia and closely associated with troponin elevation suggesting Nox2 activation as mechanism eliciting myocardial damage; data in SARS-CoV-2 are still lacking. We hypothesize that SARS-Cov-2 may induce myocardial injury via Nox2-related ROS production and that analysis and eventually targeting Nox2 may be a novel approach to manage SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32523925, "pmcid": "PMC7279899", "title": "Acalculous Acute Pancreatitis in a COVID-19 Patient.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Meireles, Pedro Antunes", "Bessa, Filipe", "Gaspar, Pedro", "Parreira, Ines", "Silva, Virgilio Dias", "Mota, Catarina", "Alvoeiro, Lourdes"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523925", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multisystemic condition caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with manifestations ranging from mild upper respiratory symptoms to cytokine storm causing acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pancreatic exocrine tissue and endocrine islets both express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the proven receptor for SARS-CoV-2 cell internalization. An increase in pancreatic enzymes has been increasingly recognized in patients with COVID-19, but little is known about the real prevalence of acute pancreatitis in this population. We report a case of acute acalculous pancreatitis in a COVID-19 patient. Acute pancreatitis may be a manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Future studies must address the real impact of pancreatic involvement in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32522406, "title": "Are black and Hispanic persons disproportionately affected by COVID-19 because of higher obesity rates?", "journal": "Surg Obes Relat Dis", "authors": ["El Chaar, Maher", "King, Keith", "Galvez Lima, Alvaro"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522406", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 13, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Shortly after that, it was reported that mortality rates in New York City (NYC), the epicenter of the pandemic in the United States, were found to be significantly higher in black and Hispanic populations. The aim of this article is to evaluate the mortality rates in NYC among the different ethnic groups and the different boroughs as they relate to the obesity rates to see whether this issue merits further evaluation. NYC. COVID-19 data were obtained from the official New York authorities in relation to total number of cases in the different boroughs of NYC. Age-adjusted COVID-19-related mortality rates of the different ethnic groups were also obtained. These data were cross-compared with historic community health data on obesity rates previously published and also obesity rates among the different ethnic groups in NYC. The 2 NYC boroughs that have the highest mortality rates are the Bronx (6%) and Brooklyn (5.4%). Both the Bronx and Brooklyn were also found to have the highest obesity rates at 32% and 27%, respectively. The 2 ethnic groups with the highest obesity rates (Hispanic and black) were also found to have the highest age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 compared with the other ethnic groups (22.8% and 19.8%, respectively). The Hispanic and black populations in NYC seem to be disproportionately affected by\u00a0the COVID-19 pandemic because of the higher incidence of mortality rates. Obesity may have played a role in the high incidence of mortality in those ethnic groups."}, {"pmid": 32534340, "title": "The intriguing commonality of NETosis between COVID-19 & Periodontal disease.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Gupta, Shipra", "Sahni, Vaibhav"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534340", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "NETosis, being an alternative form of cell death is the creation of web-like chromatin decondensates by suitably primed neutrophils as a response to stimulus aimed at containing and eliminating the same. In certain situations, it causes more harm than benefit in the form of bystander damage directly or via activation of autoimmune mechanisms. Such pathophysiology finds evidence in both Periodontal disease and COVID-19. Coupled with impaired removal, NETs have been implicated in both these disease forms to promote a state of inflammation and be a source of constant harm to the tissues involved. This potentially forms groundwork to implicate Periodontal disease as predisposing towards adverse COVID-19 related outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32428295, "title": "COVID-19 related home confinement in adults: weight gain risks and opportunities.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Bhutani, Surabhi", "Cooper, Jamie A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428295", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the global COVID-19 pandemic unfolds, over 90% of U.S. adult residents are confined to their homes, with restaurants, shops, schools, and workplaces shut down to prevent disease spread. While it is a priority to mitigate the immediate impact, one area of great concern is the long-term effects of this pandemic on weight management in adults. As evident from previous research, small changes in body weight in relatively short time periods can become permanent and lead to substantial weight gain over time(1). Considering that the current situation could last a total of several months, this extended home confinement could exacerbate the problem of obesity in adults by substantially contributing to or exceeding annual weight gain."}, {"pmid": 32352484, "title": "Testing an Old Therapy Against a New Disease: Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rubin, Rita"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352484", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339778, "pmcid": "PMC7175857", "title": "Dapsone and doxycycline could be potential treatment modalities for COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Farouk, Ahmed", "Salman, Samar"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339778", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402534, "pmcid": "PMC7183960", "title": "Post-intensive care syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Castro, A", "Garcia de Lorenzo, A", "Escudero-Acha, P", "Rodriguez-Borregan, J C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402534", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482091, "title": "Responding to COVID-19: Agile Use of Information Technology to Serve Patients With Diabetes.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Waki, Kayo", "Sankoda, Akiko", "Amano, Sosuke", "Ogawa, Makoto", "Ohe, Kazuhiko"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482091", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386985, "pmcid": "PMC7252089", "title": "COVID-19 associated pulmonary thrombosis.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["van Nieuwkoop, C"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386985", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31981224, "pmcid": "PMC7166547", "title": "Coronavirus infections and immune responses.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Geng", "Fan, Yaohua", "Lai, Yanni", "Han, Tiantian", "Li, Zonghui", "Zhou, Peiwen", "Pan, Pan", "Wang, Wenbiao", "Hu, Dingwen", "Liu, Xiaohong", "Zhang, Qiwei", "Wu, Jianguo"], "date": "2020-01-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31981224", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are by far the largest group of known positive-sense RNA viruses having an extensive range of natural hosts. In the past few decades, newly evolved Coronaviruses have posed a global threat to public health. The immune response is essential to control and eliminate CoV infections, however, maladjusted immune responses may result in immunopathology and impaired pulmonary gas exchange. Gaining a deeper understanding of the interaction between Coronaviruses and the innate immune systems of the hosts may shed light on the development and persistence of inflammation in the lungs and hopefully can reduce the risk of lung inflammation caused by CoVs. In this review, we provide an update on CoV infections and relevant diseases, particularly the host defense against CoV-induced inflammation of lung tissue, as well as the role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis and clinical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32424004, "title": "Paediatric care in the time of COVID-19 in countries with under-resourced healthcare systems.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Duke, Trevor", "English, Mike", "Carai, Susanne", "Qazi, Shamim"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423896, "title": "Covid-19: Surveys indicate low infection level in community.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423896", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409547, "pmcid": "PMC7225546", "title": "Complete Genome Sequences of SARS-CoV-2 Strains Detected in Malaysia.", "journal": "Microbiol Resour Announc", "authors": ["Chong, Yoong Min", "Sam, I-Ching", "Ponnampalavanar, Sasheela", "Syed Omar, Sharifah Faridah", "Kamarulzaman, Adeeba", "Munusamy, Vijayan", "Wong, Chee Kuan", "Jamaluddin, Fadhil Hadi", "Gan, Han Ming", "Chong, Jennifer", "Teh, Cindy Shuan Ju", "Chan, Yoke Fun"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409547", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We sequenced four severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes from Malaysia during the second wave of infection and found unique mutations which suggest local evolution. Circulating Malaysian strains represent introductions from different countries, particularly during the first wave of infection. Genome sequencing is important for understanding local epidemiology."}, {"pmid": 32525381, "title": "Together we stand: Suicide risk and suicide prevention among Israeli older adults during and after the COVID-19 world crisis.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Levi-Belz, Yossi", "Aisenberg, Daniela"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525381", "countries": ["Israel"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has increased potential risks for depression and suicide among older adults. In this paper, we discuss the specific risk factors and current status of older adults in Israel in light of the COVID-19 crisis. Following that, we suggest establishing relevant and effective measures for suicide assessment, intervention, and prevention to avert experiences of loneliness, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness and thus prevent suicides during and after the crisis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32442530, "pmcid": "PMC7237179", "title": "Critically ill patients with COVID-19 in New York City.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Grasselli, Giacomo", "Zanella, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442530", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508313, "title": "Endocrinology in the time of COVID-19: Remodelling Diabetes Services and Promoting Innovation.", "journal": "Eur J Endocrinol", "authors": ["Wake, Deborah Jane", "Gibb, Fraser Wilson", "Kar, Partha", "Kennon, Brian", "Klonoff, David C", "Rayman, Gerry", "Rutter, Martin K", "Sainsbury, Chris", "Semple, Robert Kenneth"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508313", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a major international emergency leading to unprecedented medical, economic and societal challenges. Countries around the globe are facing challenges with diabetes care and are similarly adapting care delivery, with local cultural nuances. People with diabetes suffer disproportionately from acute COVID-19 with higher rates of serious complications and death. In-patient services need specialist support to appropriately manage glycaemia in people with known and undiagnosed diabetes presenting with COVID-19. Due to the restrictions imposed by the pandemic, people with diabetes may suffer longer-term harm caused by inadequate clinical support and less frequent monitoring of their condition and diabetes-related complications. Outpatient services need reorganised to maintain advice and support, focusing on proactive care for the highest risk, making use of telehealth and digital services for consultations, self-management and remote monitoring, where appropriate. Stratification of patients for face-to-face or remote follow-up should be based on a balanced risk assessment. Public health and national organisations have generally responded rapidly with guidance on care management, but the pandemic has created a tension around prioritisation of communicable vs non-communicable disease. Resulting challenges in clinical decision making are compounded by a reduced clinical workforce. For many years, increasing diabetes mellitus incidence has been mirrored by rising preventable morbidity and mortality due to complications, yet innovation in service delivery has been slow. While the current focus is on limiting the terrible harm caused by the pandemic, it is possible that a positive lasting legacy of COVID-19 might include accelerated innovation in chronic disease management."}, {"pmid": 32501493, "title": "Admissions to Veterans Affairs Hospitals for Emergency Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Baum, Aaron", "Schwartz, Mark D"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501493", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302954, "pmcid": "PMC7146675", "title": "Epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of 32 critical and 67 noncritical cases of COVID-19 in Chengdu.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Zheng, Yongli", "Xu, Hong", "Yang, Ming", "Zeng, Yilan", "Chen, Hong", "Liu, Ru", "Li, Qingfeng", "Zhang, Na", "Wang, Dan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302954", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, Wuhan, China, experienced an outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19). The number of cases has increased rapidly, but information on the clinical characteristics remains limited. This paper describes the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19. Early detection and identification of critically ill patients is necessary to facilitate scientific classification and treatment. This study included a retrospective, single-center case series of 99 consecutively hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 at Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center in Chengdu, China, from January 16 to February 20, 2020. The final date of follow-up was February 23, 2020. We collected and analyzed epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and treatment data. We compared outcomes of critically ill patients and noncritically ill patients. Of the 99 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the median age was 49 years (minimum, 3 months; maximum, 87 years) and 51 (52 %) were men; 42 (42 %) had traveled to or lived in Wuhan and 48 (49 %) had come into close contact with patients with new coronavirus pneumonia; 41 (41 %) patients had underlying disease. Common symptoms included fever (85 [86 %]), dry cough (84 [85 %]), and fatigue (72 [73 %]). We analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients. We expressed the measurement data as mean\u202f\u00b1\u202fstandard deviation. We collected data for age (49.39\u202f\u00b1\u202f18.45 years), number of hospital days (12.32\u202f\u00b1\u202f6.70 days), and laboratory indicators. We compared critically ill and noncritically ill patients: p-values for age, C-reactive protein, high-sensitivity troponin T, prothrombin time, fibrin degradation products, D-Dimer, and CD4+ count were p\u202f<\u202f0.001; and p-values for hospital days, white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, creatine kinase isoenzyme, myoglobin, N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide, and CD8+ count were p\u202f<\u202f0.05. We collected data from a single-center case series of 32 hospitalized patients who were critically ill with confirmed COVID-19 in Chengdu, China, and compared data with 67 noncritically ill patients. Elderly patients had chronic underlying diseases, notably cardiovascular disease. Higher C-reactive protein levels, higher levels of myocardial damage, and higher brain natriuretic peptide levels; lower white blood cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes; and lower CD4 and CD8 counts could be used for early detection and identification of critically ill patients, and dynamic Data observation was more important than at a single moment."}, {"pmid": 32412787, "title": "Bronchoscopy in COVID-19 Patients with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Center Experience.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Torrego, Alfons", "Pajares, Virginia", "Fernandez-Arias, Carmen", "Vera, Paula", "Mancebo, Jordi"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412787", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442210, "pmcid": "PMC7244094", "title": "The hallmarks of COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "PLoS Pathog", "authors": ["Tang, Daolin", "Comish, Paul", "Kang, Rui"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442210", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that has caused a worldwide pandemic of the human respiratory illness COVID-19, resulting in a severe threat to public health and safety. Analysis of the genetic tree suggests that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same Betacoronavirus group as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Although the route for viral transmission remains a mystery, SARS-CoV-2 may have originated in an animal reservoir, likely that of bat. The clinical features of COVID-19, such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, and fatigue, are similar to those of many acute respiratory infections. There is currently no specific treatment for COVID-19, but antiviral therapy combined with supportive care is the main strategy. Here, we summarize recent progress in understanding the epidemiological, virological, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and discuss potential targets with existing drugs for the treatment of this emerging zoonotic disease."}, {"pmid": 32425270, "pmcid": "PMC7231725", "title": "Potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 identified by high-throughput single-cell sequencing of convalescent patients' B cells.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Cao, Yunlong", "Su, Bin", "Guo, Xianghua", "Sun, Wenjie", "Deng, Yongqiang", "Bao, Linlin", "Zhu, Qinyu", "Zhang, Xu", "Zheng, Yinghui", "Geng, Chenyang", "Chai, Xiaoran", "He, Runsheng", "Li, Xiaofeng", "Lv, Qi", "Zhu, Hua", "Deng, Wei", "Xu, Yanfeng", "Wang, Yanjun", "Qiao, Luxin", "Tan, Yafang", "Song, Liyang", "Wang, Guopeng", "Du, Xiaoxia", "Gao, Ning", "Liu, Jiangning", "Xiao, Junyu", "Su, Xiao-Dong", "Du, Zongmin", "Feng, Yingmei", "Qin, Chuan", "Qin, Chengfeng", "Jin, Ronghua", "Xie, X Sunney"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425270", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic urgently needs therapeutic and prophylactic interventions. Here we report the rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies by high-throughput single-cell RNA and VDJ sequencing of antigen-enriched B cells from 60 convalescent patients. From 8,558 antigen-binding IgG1+ clonotypes, 14 potent neutralizing antibodies were identified with the most potent one, BD-368-2, exhibiting an IC50 of 1.2 ng/mL and 15 ng/mL against pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2, respectively. BD-368-2 also displayed strong therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy in SARS-CoV-2-infected hACE2-transgenic mice. Additionally, the 3.8\u00c5 Cryo-EM structure of a neutralizing antibody in complex with the spike-ectodomain trimer revealed the antibody's epitope overlaps with the ACE2 binding site. Moreover, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies could be directly selected based on similarities of their predicted CDR3H structures to those of SARS-CoV neutralizing antibodies. Altogether, we showed that human neutralizing antibodies could be efficiently discovered by high-throughput single B-cell sequencing in response to pandemic infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32184129, "pmcid": "PMC7102544", "title": "The cancellation of mass gatherings (MGs)? Decision making in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ahmed, Qanta A", "Memish, Ziad A"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184129", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our recommendation, as experts who have monitored health hazards at the Hajj for over 15 years, especially if the situation with COVID-19 continues to escalate globally is that Hajj 2020 will be at risk of being suspended and a means for Muslims to fulfill their rights in the future either personally or even by proxy need to be announced. The same holds true for the Summer 2020 Olympics in Japan and for many other MGs and large gatherings. Decisions in the time of COVID-19 will be closely followed and will be a blueprint for other mass gatherings."}, {"pmid": 32032674, "pmcid": "PMC7129558", "title": "Outbreak of novel Corona virus (2019-nCoV); implications for travelers to Pakistan.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rahman Qureshi, Ubaid Ur", "Saleem, Sadia", "Khan, Aisha", "Afzal, Muhammad Sohail", "Ali, Muhammad Shahzad", "Ahmed, Haroon"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32032674", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349550, "pmcid": "PMC7241505", "title": "Family medicine in times of 'COVID-19': A generalists' voice.", "journal": "Eur J Gen Pract", "authors": ["de Sutter, An", "Llor, Carl", "Maier, Manfred", "Mallen, Christian", "Tatsioni, Athina", "van Weert, Henk", "Windak, Adam", "Stoffers, Jelle"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349550", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240670, "pmcid": "PMC7118526", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 in elderly patients: Characteristics and prognostic factors based on 4-week follow-up.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wang, Lang", "He, Wenbo", "Yu, Xiaomei", "Hu, Dalong", "Bao, Mingwei", "Liu, Huafen", "Zhou, Jiali", "Jiang, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240670", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the characteristics and prognostic factors in the elderly patients with COVID-19. Consecutive cases over 60 years old with COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from Jan 1 to Feb 6, 2020 were included. The primary outcomes were death and survival till March 5. Data of demographics, clinical features, comorbidities, laboratory tests and complications were collected and compared for different outcomes. Cox regression was performed for prognostic factors. 339 patients with COVID-19 (aged 71\u00b18 years,173 females (51%)) were enrolled, including 80 (23.6%) critical, 159 severe (46.9%) and 100 moderate (29.5%) cases. Common comorbidities were hypertension (40.8%), diabetes (16.0%) and cardiovascular disease (15.7%). Common symptoms included fever (92.0%), cough (53.0%), dyspnea (40.8%) and fatigue (39.9%). Lymphocytopenia was a common laboratory finding (63.2%). Common complications included bacterial infection (42.8%), liver enzyme abnormalities (28.7%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (21.0%). Till Mar 5, 2020, 91 cases were discharged (26.8%), 183 cases stayed in hospital (54.0%) and 65 cases (19.2%) were dead. Shorter length of stay was found for the dead compared with the survivors (5 (3-8) vs. 28 (26-29), P < 0.001). Symptoms of dyspnea (HR 2.35, P\u202f=\u202f0.001), comorbidities including cardiovascular disease (HR 1.86, P\u202f=\u202f0.031) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR 2.24, P\u202f=\u202f0.023), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (HR 29.33, P < 0.001) were strong predictors of death. And a high level of lymphocytes was predictive of better outcome (HR\u202f0.10, P < 0.001). High proportion of severe to critical cases and high fatality rate were observed in the elderly COVID-19 patients. Rapid disease progress was noted in the dead with a median survival time of 5 days after admission. Dyspnea, lymphocytopenia, comorbidities including cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome were predictive of poor outcome. Close monitoring and timely treatment should be performed for the elderly patients at high risk."}, {"pmid": 32321856, "pmcid": "PMC7179937", "title": "Structure-based design of antiviral drug candidates targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Dai, Wenhao", "Zhang, Bing", "Su, Haixia", "Li, Jian", "Zhao, Yao", "Xie, Xiong", "Jin, Zhenming", "Liu, Fengjiang", "Li, Chunpu", "Li, You", "Bai, Fang", "Wang, Haofeng", "Cheng, Xi", "Cen, Xiaobo", "Hu, Shulei", "Yang, Xiuna", "Wang, Jiang", "Liu, Xiang", "Xiao, Gengfu", "Jiang, Hualiang", "Rao, Zihe", "Zhang, Lei-Ke", "Xu, Yechun", "Yang, Haitao", "Liu, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321856", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent responsible for the global COVID-19 outbreak. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is a key enzyme that plays a pivotal role in mediating viral replication and transcription. We designed and synthesized two lead compounds (11a and 11b) targeting Mpro Both exhibited excellent inhibitory activity and potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection activity. The X-ray crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro in complex with 11a or 11b, both determined at 1.5 \u00c5 resolution, showed that the aldehyde groups of 11a and 11b are covalently bound to Cys145 of Mpro Both compounds showed good PK properties in vivo, and 11a also exhibited low toxicity, suggesting that these compounds are promising drug candidates."}, {"pmid": 32334411, "pmcid": "PMC7166100", "title": "Awareness of mental health problems in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19): A lesson from an adult man attempting suicide.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Liu, Yong", "Cao, Lin", "Li, Xiaojin", "Jia, Yingdong", "Xia, Hongtao"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334411", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427215, "pmcid": "PMC7229737", "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) - An epidemic or pandemic for financial markets.", "journal": "J Behav Exp Finance", "authors": ["Ali, Mohsin", "Alam, Nafis", "Rizvi, Syed Aun R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427215", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has quickly evolved from a provincial health scare to a global meltdown. While it has brought nearly half the world to a standstill it has affected the financial markets in unseen ways by eroding a quarter of wealth in nearly a month. This paper investigates the reaction of financial markets globally in terms of their decline and volatility as Coronavirus epicentre moved from China to Europe and then to the US. Findings suggest that the earlier epicentre China has stabilised while the global markets have gone into a freefall especially in the later phase of the spread. Even the relatively safer commodities have suffered as the pandemic moves into the US."}, {"pmid": 32473301, "pmcid": "PMC7255992", "title": "Surveillance for COVID-19 in cardiac inpatients: containing COVID-19 in a specialised cardiac centre.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Wee, Liang En", "Wen, Ruan", "Jean Sim, Xiang Ying", "Ng, Kym", "Phoon, Poh Choo", "Conceicao, Edwin Philip", "Aung, May Kyawt", "Lung Wong, Aaron Sung", "Chua, Terrance Siang Jin", "Venkatachalam, Indumathi"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473301", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361169, "pmcid": "PMC7194813", "title": "Why not consider an endothelin receptor antagonist against SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Javor, S", "Salsano, A"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361169", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450160, "pmcid": "PMC7243764", "title": "An international physical activity and public health research agenda to inform COVID-19 policies and practices.", "journal": "J Sport Health Sci", "authors": ["Sallis, James F", "Adlakha, Deepti", "Oyeyemi, Adewale", "Salvo, Deborah"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450160", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247016, "pmcid": "PMC7194574", "title": "Probable aircraft transmission of Covid-19 in-flight from the Central African Republic to France.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Eldin, Carole", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "Mailhe, Morgane", "Gautret, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247016", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405098, "pmcid": "PMC7218358", "title": "Substance misuse during COVID-19: protecting people who use drugs.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Armitage, R", "Nellums, L B"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405098", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525366, "title": "Children and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Phelps, Chavez", "Sperry, Linda L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525366", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many school districts have closed for the remainder of the academic year. These closures are unfortunate because, for many students, schools are their only source of trauma-informed care and supports. When schools reopen, they must develop a comprehensive plan to address the potential mental health needs of their students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32504525, "title": "Correction to the article \"Cesarean Section in a Pregnant Woman with COVID-19: First Case in Portugal\", published on Acta Med Port 2020 Jun;33(6):429-431.", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Lyra, Joana", "Valente, Rita", "Rosario, Marta", "Guimaraes, Mariana"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504525", "countries": ["Portugal"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495985, "title": "The association between D-dimers in COVID-19 patients and mortality remains beset of uncertainties.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Gris, Jean-Christophe", "Loubet, Paul", "Roger, Claire", "Cochery-Nouvellon, Eva", "Mauboussin, Jean-Marc", "Muller, Laurent", "Bouvier, Sylvie", "Laureillard, Didier", "Davide Barbar, Saber", "Mercier, Erick", "Lefrant, Jean-Yves", "Sotto, Albert"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495985", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We appreciated the response to our letter from Dr. Zhang and colleagues who actively support D-dimer level at admission as an effective and easy-to-perform laboratory predictor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1). We congratulate them for the work and thank them for the arguments they have provided. However, we still have many doubts, which observation of the cases we have managed in our university hospital do not dispel."}, {"pmid": 32405154, "pmcid": "PMC7219364", "title": "Personalized cancer supportive care in COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Lyman, G H", "Kuderer, N M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405154", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499919, "pmcid": "PMC7246300", "title": "Correction to: Nationwide system to centralize decisions around ECMO use for severe COVID-19 pneumonia in Japan (Special Correspondence).", "journal": "J Intensive Care", "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499919", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s40560-020-00445-4.]."}, {"pmid": 32400998, "title": "Steroid injections for pain management in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Minerva Anestesiol", "authors": ["Piraccini, Emanuele", "Byrne, Helen", "Taddei, Stefania"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380565, "title": "COVID-19 in Newborns and Infants-Low Risk of Severe Disease: Silver Lining or Dark Cloud?", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Rawat, Munmun", "Chandrasekharan, Praveen", "Hicar, Mark D", "Lakshminrusimha, Satyan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380565", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One hundred years after the 1918 influenza pandemic, we now face another pandemic with the severe acute respiratory syndrome-novel coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is considerable variability in the incidence of infection and severe disease following exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Data from China and the United States suggest a low prevalence of neonates, infants, and children, with those affected not suffering from severe disease. In this article, we speculate different theories why this novel agent is sparing neonates, infants, and young children. The low severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in this population is associated with a high incidence of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infection making them efficient carriers. KEY POINTS: \u00b7 There is a low prevalence of novel coronavirus disease in neonates, infants, and children.. \u00b7 The fetal hemoglobin may play a protective role against coronavirus in neonates.. \u00b7 Immature angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) interferes with coronavirus entry into the cells.."}, {"pmid": 32403141, "title": "Vertical Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A Systematic Review.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Yang, Ziyi", "Liu, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403141", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2003The aim of this study is to summarize currently available evidence on vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). \u2003A systematic review was conducted following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Statement. \u2003A total of 22 studies comprising 83 neonates born to mothers diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 were included in the present systematic review. Among these neonates, three were confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection at 16, 36, and 72\u2009hours after birth, respectively, by nasopharyngeal swab real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests; another six had elevated virus-specific antibody levels in serum samples collected after birth, but negative RT-PCR test results. However, without positive RT-PCR tests of amniotic fluid, placenta, or cord blood, there is a lack of virologic evidence for intrauterine vertical transmission. \u2003There is currently no direct evidence to support intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Additional RT-PCR tests on amniotic fluid, placenta, and cord blood are needed to ascertain the possibility of intrauterine vertical transmission. For pregnant women infected during their first and second trimesters, further studies focusing on long-term outcomes are needed. \u00b7 We review neonates of mothers diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).. \u00b7 No direct virologic evidence of vertical transmission has been reported.. \u00b7 No evidence that cesarean delivery is safer than vaginal delivery.. \u00b7 More RT-PCR tests on amniotic fluid, placenta, and cord blood are recommended.."}, {"pmid": 32292259, "pmcid": "PMC7118592", "title": "Understanding of guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion interventions on COVID-19 (Second edition) issued by CAAM.", "journal": "World J Acupunct Moxibustion", "authors": ["Liu, Wei-Hong", "Guo, Sheng-Nan", "Wang, Fang", "Hao, Yang"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292259", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, the situation of global fight against COVID-19 is serious. WHO (World Health Organization)-China Joint Mission fully confirms the success of \"China's model\" against COVID-19 in the report. In fact, one particular power in \"China's model\" is acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine. To better apply \"non-pharmaceutic measures\"-the external technique of traditional Chinese medicine, in the article, the main content of Guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion interventions on COVID-19 (Second edition) issued by China Association of Acupuncture-Moxibution is introduced and the discussion is stressed on the selection of moxibustion device and the duration of its exertion."}, {"pmid": 32518135, "title": "Paediatric treatment trials for COVID-19 are an ethical imperative.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Gwee, Amanda", "Boast, Alison", "Osowicki, Joshua", "Steer, Andrew C", "Coghlan, Simon"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518135", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490726, "title": "Thromboinflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 sepsis.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Maiese, Aniello", "Passaro, Giovanna", "Matteis, Alessandra DE", "Fazio, Valentina", "Raffaele, La Russa", "Paolo, Marco Di"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490726", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral sepsis is rare, and its real incidence is not known. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes the release of a significant amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines that aggravates interstitial pneumonia and evolves in viral sepsis with prominent hypercoagulability. We believe it is useful and advisable to establish early immunomodulator therapy and the prophylaxis anticoagulant therapy should be rethought."}, {"pmid": 32444458, "title": "Early Observation and Mitigation of Challenges in Diabetes Management of COVID-19 Patients in Critical Care Units.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Hamdy, Osama", "Gabbay, Robert A"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444458", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414523, "pmcid": "PMC7207130", "title": "Non-Covid-19 clinical research in the era of pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Eke, Onyinyechi F", "Morone, Christina C", "Liteplo, Andrew S", "Shokoohi, Hamid"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414523", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32163030, "pmcid": "PMC7258486", "title": "Indirect Virus Transmission in Cluster of COVID-19 Cases, Wenzhou, China, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cai, Jing", "Sun, Wenjie", "Huang, Jianping", "Gamber, Michelle", "Wu, Jing", "He, Guiqing"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32163030", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine possible modes of virus transmission, we investigated a cluster of coronavirus disease cases associated with a shopping mall in Wenzhou, China. Data indicated that indirect transmission of the causative virus occurred, perhaps resulting from virus contamination of common objects, virus aerosolization in a confined space, or spread from asymptomatic infected persons."}, {"pmid": 32273245, "pmcid": "PMC7129028", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: Important considerations for contact lens practitioners.", "journal": "Cont Lens Anterior Eye", "authors": ["Jones, Lyndon", "Walsh, Karen", "Willcox, Mark", "Morgan, Philip", "Nichols, Jason"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273245", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (CoV), the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2), results in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As information concerning the COVID-19 disease continues to evolve, patients look to their eye care practitioners for accurate eye health guidance. There is currently no evidence to suggest an increased risk of contracting COVID-19 through contact lens (CL) wear compared to spectacle lens wear and no scientific evidence that wearing standard prescription spectacles provides protection against COVID-19 or other viral transmissions. During the pandemic there will potentially be significant changes in access to local eyecare. Thus, it is imperative CL wearers are reminded of the steps they should follow to minimise their risk of complications, to reduce their need to leave isolation and seek care. Management of adverse events should be retained within optometric systems if possible, to minimise the impact on the wider healthcare service, which will be stretched. Optimal CL care behaviours should be the same as those under normal circumstances, which include appropriate hand washing (thoroughly with soap and water) and drying (with paper towels) before both CL application and removal. Daily CL cleaning and correct case care for reusable CL should be followed according to appropriate guidelines, and CL exposure to water must be avoided. Where the availability of local clinical care is restricted, practitioners could consider advising patients to reduce or eliminate sleeping in their CL (where patients have the appropriate knowledge about correct daily care and access to suitable lens-care products) or consider the option of moving patients to daily disposable lenses (where patients have appropriate lens supplies available). Patients should also avoid touching their face, including their eyes, nose and mouth, with unwashed hands and avoid CL wear altogether if unwell (particularly with any cold or flu-like symptoms)."}, {"pmid": 32221970, "title": "Consensus guidelines for managing the airway in patients with COVID-19: Guidelines from the Difficult Airway Society, the Association of Anaesthetists the Intensive Care Society, the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine and the Royal College of Anaesthetists.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Cook, T M", "El-Boghdadly, K", "McGuire, B", "McNarry, A F", "Patel, A", "Higgs, A"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221970", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is highly contagious. Airway management of patients with COVID-19 is high risk to staff and patients. We aimed to develop principles for airway management of patients with COVID-19 to encourage safe, accurate and swift performance. This consensus statement has been brought together at short notice to advise on airway management for patients with COVID-19, drawing on published literature and immediately available information from clinicians and experts. Recommendations on the prevention of contamination of healthcare workers, the choice of staff involved in airway management, the training required and the selection of equipment are discussed. The fundamental principles of airway management in these settings are described for: emergency tracheal intubation; predicted or unexpected difficult tracheal intubation; cardiac arrest; anaesthetic care; and tracheal extubation. We provide figures to support clinicians in safe airway management of patients with COVID-19. The advice in this document is designed to be adapted in line with local workplace policies."}, {"pmid": 32369430, "title": "Upholding the Tripartite Mission in Times of Crisis: Purpose and Perseverance in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Standiford, Taylor", "Shuman, Andrew G", "Fessell, David", "Brenner, Michael J", "Bradford, Carol R"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369430", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Academic otolaryngology has historically comprised a tripartite mission of research, education, and clinical care. This mission is greatly strained by the COVID-19 pandemic. Research laboratories are fallow, surgical cases are deferred, and clerkships are canceled. Otolaryngologists are adapting to new circumstances ranging from virtual patient care to urgent procedures in protective gear to deployment to provisional field hospitals. Amid these operational challenges, the specialty is demonstrating extraordinary resilience and grit, discovering new ways to serve learners, colleagues, and communities. Statements from leaders in otolaryngology reveal selfless acts and purposefulness. Necessity has spurred innovation in education, science, and novel models of care. Paragons strike notes of hope, inspiring us to persevere and serve. This commentary explores the present challenges and offers a vision for upholding the academic mission."}, {"pmid": 32467113, "title": "Presentation and Outcomes of Patients with ESKD and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Valeri, Anthony M", "Robbins-Juarez, Shelief Y", "Stevens, Jacob S", "Ahn, Wooin", "Rao, Maya K", "Radhakrishnan, Jai", "Gharavi, Ali G", "Mohan, Sumit", "Husain, S Ali"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467113", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The relative immunosuppression and high prevalence of comorbidities in patients with ESKD on dialysis raise concerns that they may have an elevated risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but outcomes for COVID-19 in such patients are unclear. To examine presentation and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with ESKD on dialysis, we retrospectively collected clinical data on 59 patients on dialysis who were hospitalized with COVID-19. We used Wilcoxon rank sum and Fischer exact tests to compare patients who died versus those still living. Two of the study's 59 patients were on peritoneal dialysis, and 57 were on hemodialysis. Median age was 63 years, with high prevalence of hypertension (98%) and diabetes (69%). Patients who died were significantly older than those still living (median age, 75 versus 62 years) and had a higher median Charlson comorbidity index (8 versus 7). The most common presenting symptoms were fever (49%) and cough (39%); initial radiographs most commonly showed multifocal or bilateral opacities (59%). By end of follow-up, 18 patients (31%) died a median 6 days after hospitalization, including 75% of patients who required mechanical ventilation. Eleven of those who died had advanced directives against intubation. The remaining 41 patients (69%) were discharged home a median 8 days after admission. The median initial white blood cell count was significantly higher in patients who died compared with those still living (7.5 versus 5.7\u00d7103/\u03bcl), as was C-reactive protein (163 versus 80 mg/L). The association of COVID-19 with high mortality in patients with ESKD on dialysis reinforces the need to take appropriate infection control measures to prevent COVID-19 spread in this vulnerable population."}, {"pmid": 32213268, "title": "[Risk assessment and early warning of imported COVID-19 in Guangdong province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hu, J X", "Liu, T", "Xiao, J P", "He, G H", "Rong, Z H", "Yin, L H", "Wan, D H", "Zeng, W L", "Gong, D X", "Guo, L C", "Zhu, Z H", "Zeng, L L", "Kang, M", "Song, T", "Zhong, H J", "He, J F", "Sun, L M", "Li, Y", "Ma, W J"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213268", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To assess the imported risk of COVID-19 in Guangdong province and its cities, and conduct early warning. Methods: Data of reported COVID-19 cases and Baidu Migration Index of 21 cities in Guangdong province and other provinces of China as of February 25, 2020 were collected. The imported risk index of each city in Guangdong province were calculated, and then correlation analysis was performed between reported cases and the imported risk index to identify lag time. Finally, we classified the early warming levels of epidemic by imported risk index. Results: A total of 1 347 confirmed cases were reported in Guangdong province, and 90.0% of the cases were clustered in the Pearl River Delta region. The average daily imported risk index of Guangdong was 44.03. Among the imported risk sources of each city, the highest risk of almost all cities came from Hubei province, except for Zhanjiang from Hainan province. In addition, the neighboring provinces of Guangdong province also had a greater impact. The correlation between the imported risk index with a lag of 4 days and the daily reported cases was the strongest (correlation coefficient: 0.73). The early warning base on cumulative 4-day risk of each city showed that Dongguan, Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Guangzhou, Foshan and Huizhou have high imported risks in the next 4 days, with imported risk indexes of 38.85, 21.59, 11.67, 11.25, 6.19 and 5.92, and the highest risk still comes from Hubei province. Conclusions: Cities with a large number of migrants in Guangdong province have a higher risk of import. Hubei province and neighboring provinces in Guangdong province are the main source of the imported risk. Each city must strengthen the health management of migrants in high-risk provinces and reduce the imported risk of Guangdong province."}, {"pmid": 32516571, "title": "Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Jiang, Ren-Di", "Liu, Mei-Qin", "Chen, Ying", "Shan, Chao", "Zhou, Yi-Wu", "Shen, Xu-Rui", "Li, Qian", "Zhang, Lei", "Zhu, Yan", "Si, Hao-Rui", "Wang, Qi", "Min, Juan", "Wang, Xi", "Zhang, Wei", "Li, Bei", "Zhang, Hua-Jun", "Baric, Ralph S", "Zhou, Peng", "Yang, Xing-Lou", "Shi, Zheng-Li"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516571", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has spread worldwide since 2019 and is now a severe threat to public health. We previously identified the causative agent as a novel SARS-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that uses human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) as the entry receptor. Here, we successfully developed a SARS-CoV-2 hACE2 transgenic mouse (HFH4-hACE2 in C3B6 mice) infection model. The infected mice generated typical interstitial pneumonia and pathology that were similar to those of COVID-19 patients. Viral quantification revealed the lungs as the major site of infection, although viral RNA could also be found in the eye, heart, and brain in some mice. Virus identical to SARS-CoV-2 in full-genome sequences was isolated from the infected lung and brain tissues. Last, we showed that pre-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 could protect mice from severe pneumonia. Our results show that the hACE2 mouse would be a valuable tool for testing potential vaccines and therapeutics."}, {"pmid": 32407569, "pmcid": "PMC7272793", "title": "Supporting people with diabetes during a pandemic.", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Skinner, T", "Speight, J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407569", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404431, "title": "A Case Series of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Three Febrile Infants in New York.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Feld, Lance", "Belfer, Joshua", "Kabra, Rashi", "Goenka, Pratichi", "Rai, Shipra", "Moriarty, Shannon", "Barone, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404431", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358933, "title": "Lessons from the USA Delayed Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Afr J Reprod Health", "authors": ["Balogun, Joseph A"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358933", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294811, "title": "[The keypoints in treatment of the critical coronavirus disease 2019 patient(2)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, X Y", "Du, B", "Wang, Y S", "Kang, H Y J", "Wang, F", "Sun, B", "Qiu, H B", "Tong, Z H"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294811", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The treatment of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) faces compelling challenges. In this issue, we'd like to share our first-line treatment experience in treating COVID-19. Hemodynamics need be closely monitored and different types of shock should be distinguished. Vasoconstrictor drugs should be used rationally and alerting of complications is of the same importance. The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) needs to be assessed, and effective prevention should be carried out for high-risk patients. It is necessary to consider the possibility of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in patients with sudden onset of oxygenation deterioration, respiratory distress, reduced blood pressure. However, comprehensive analysis of disease state should be taken into the interpretation of abnormally elevated D-Dimer. Nutritional support is the basis of treatment. It's important to establish individual therapy regimens and to evaluate, monitor and adjust dynamically. Under the current epidemic situation, convalescent plasma can only be used empirically, indications need to be strictly screened, the blood transfusion process should be closely monitored and the curative effect should be dynamically evaluated."}, {"pmid": 32157849, "title": "[Construction and evaluation of a novel diagnosis pathway for 2019-Corona Virus Disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xiong, Z", "Fu, L", "Zhou, H", "Liu, J K", "Wang, A M", "Huang, Y", "Huang, X", "Yi, B", "Wu, J", "Li, C H", "Quan, J", "Li, M", "Leng, Y S", "Luo, W J", "Hu, C P", "Liao, W H"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157849", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To construct and evaluate a diagnosis pathway (Xiangya pathway) for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Consecutive subjects aged \u226512 years old who were screened for COVID-19 were included in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 23 to February 3, 2020, and the subjects were further divided into the inception cohort and the validation cohort. The gender, age, onset time of disease of the subjects were recorded. The information of epidemiological history, fever, and the declined blood lymphocytes were collected as clinical indicators, CT scan was used to evaluate the possibility of COVID-19 and range of lung involvement. According to the current Chinese national standards, throat swabs of suspected cases were collected and the nucleic acid of COVID-19 was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The Xiangya pathway was constructed with multi-indexes, compared with clinical indicators, CT results and Chinese national standards, their effectiveness of detecting confirmed cases were verified in the inception and validation cohort. Results: A total of 382 consecutive adults who was screened for COVID-19 were included, and 261 cases were in the inception cohort and 121 cases were in the validation cohort. Among the 382 cases, 192 were males (50.3%) and 190 were females (49.7%), with a median age of 35 years (range: 15-92 years). There were 183 cases (47.9%) with epidemiological history, 275 cases (72.0%) with fever, 212 cases (55.5%) with decreased peripheral blood lymphocytes, 114 cases (29.8%) with positive CT findings, 43 cases (11.3%) with positive CT-COVID-19, and 30 cases (7.9%) with positive virus nucleic acid by throat swab. Compared with clinical indicators, the sensitivity and specificity of CT were 0.950 and 0.704, respectively. The accuracy of CT to make a definite diagnosis was higher than that of epidemiological history, fever, and declined blood lymphocyte count (0.809 vs 0.660, 0.532, 0.596, P=0.001, 0.002, 0.003, respectively). The sensitivity of this pathway and the pathway recommended by the Health Commission of China were both high (all were 1.000), while the specificity and accuracy of the Xiangya pathway were higher than the one recommended by the Health Commission (0.872 vs 0.765, 0.778 vs 0.592, both P<0.001). The CT-COVID-19 reduced the missed diagnosis rate caused by false negative of nucleic acid test (31 vs 64), with difference rate of 51.6%, and the positive rate of nucleic acid test was 64.5% (20/31). In validation cohort, the specificity and accuracy of the Xiangya pathway was 0.967, the positive rate of nucleic acid test was 76.9%(10/13). Conclusions: The Xiangya pathway can predict the nucleic acid test results of COVID-19, and can be applied as a reliable strategy to screen patients with suspected COVID-19 among people aged \u226512 years in areas other than Hubei during the epidemic period of COVID-19. The cohort size needs to be increased for further validation."}, {"pmid": 32492203, "title": "Structural variations and expression profiles of the SARS-CoV-2 host invasion genes in Lung cancer.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sagkan, Rahsan Ilikci", "Akin-Bali, Dilara Fatma"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492203", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent days have seen growing evidence of cancer's susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and of the effect of genomic differences on the virus' entrance genes in lung cancer. Genetic confirmation of the hypotheses regarding gene expression and mutation pattern of target genes, including Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2), Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2), Basigin (CD147/BSG) and Paired Basic Amino Acid Cleaving Enzyme (FURIN/PCSK3), as well as correlation analysis, were evaluated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) using in silico analysis. Not only were gene expression and mutation patterns detected, but also there was a correlation and survival analysis between ACE2 and other target genes expression levels. The total genetic anomaly carrying rate of target genes, including ACE2, TMPRSS2, CD147/BSG and FURIN/PCSK3, was determined as 8.1% and 21 mutations detected, with 7 of these mutations having pathogenic features. p.H34N on the RBD binding residues for SARS-CoV-2 was determined in our LUAD patient group. According to gene expression analysis results in LUAD and LUSC patient groups, while the TMPRSS2 level was statistically significantly decreased in the LUSC patient group compared to healthy control, the ACE2 level was determined to be high in LUAD and LUSC. There were no meaningful differences in expression of CD147 and FURIN genes. The challenge for the today is building the assessment of genomic susceptibility to COVID-19 in lung cancer, requiring detailed experimental laboratory studies, in addition to in silico analyses, as a way of assessing the mechanism of novel virus invasion that can be used in the development of effective SARS-CoV-2 therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32388326, "pmcid": "PMC7186129", "title": "Role of increasing the aerobic capacity on improving the function of immune and respiratory systems in patients with coronavirus (COVID-19): A review.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Mohamed, Ayman A", "Alawna, Motaz"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388326", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a public world crisis, however, it is a self-limited infection. In COVID-19, the strength of immune and respiratory systems is a critical element. Thus, this review was conducted to demonstrate the short and long term effects of increasing the aerobic capacity on increasing the function and strength of immune and respiratory systems, particularly those essential for overcoming COVID-19 infections and associated disorders. This review was carried out by searching in Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, Medline databases. The search was conducted over clinical trials and literature and systematic reviews on the effects of increasing the aerobic capacity on the function and strength of specific immune and respiratory elements essential for overcoming COVID-19 infections. This review found that increasing the aerobic capacity could produce short-term safe improvements in the function of immune and respiratory systems, particularly those specific for COVID-19 infections. This could be mainly produced through three mechanisms. Firstly, it could improve immunity by increasing the level and function of immune cells and immunoglobulins, regulating CRP levels, and decreasing anxiety and depression. Secondly, it could improve respiratory system functions by acting as an antibiotic, antioxidant, and antimycotic, restoring normal lung tissue elasticity and strength. Lastly, it could act as a protective barrier to decrease COVID-19 risk factors, which helps to decrease the incidence and progression of COVID-19. This review summarizes that increasing the aerobic capacity is recommended because it has potential of improving immune and respiratory functions which would help counter COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32271512, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urologist's clinical practice in Brazil: a management guideline proposal for low- and middle-income countries during the crisis period.", "journal": "Int Braz J Urol", "authors": ["Carneiro, Arie", "Wroclawski, Marcelo Langer", "Nahar, Bruno", "Soares, Andrey", "Cardoso, Ana Paula", "Kim, Nam Jin", "Carvalho, Fabricio Torres"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271512", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This letter to the Editor aims to provide suggestions and recommendations for the management of urological conditions in times of COVID-19 crisis in Brazil and other low- and middle-income countries. It is important to highlight that one of the main characteristics of this pandemic is the oversaturation of the health system capacity, mostly due to a high demand for personal protective equipment (PPE), Hospital/ICU beds, as well as ventilators. In places with limited resources and where the health care systems are already saturated, such consideration is even more worrisome. Therefore, most worldwide authorities are recommending to avoid, as much as possible, patient's elective visits to hospitals, as well as a judicious use of the operating room in order to mitigate the strain put on the health system. While efforts should be directed to the care of COVID-19 patients, other conditions (especially urgencies and oncological cases) must continue to be assisted. Thus, through a panel of experts, we have prepared a practical guide for Thus, through a panel of experts, we have prepared a practical guide for urologists based on the recommendations from the main Urologic Associations, as well as data from the literature to support the suggested management. We will try to follow the standard guideline recommendations from the American Urological Association (AUA) and European Association of Urology (EAU), with the aim of pursuing the best outcomes possible. However, some recommendations were based on the consensus of the panel, taking into consideration the reality of developing countries and the unprecedented situation caused by the COVID-19 crisis. Most importantly, all recommendations on this manuscript are based on the expectancy of a maximum 3-month duration of the crisis. If this period shall extended, these recommendations will be revised and updated."}, {"pmid": 32471659, "pmcid": "PMC7247505", "title": "Silencing of immune activation with methotrexate in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Safavi, Farinaz", "Nath, Avindra"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471659", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275978, "pmcid": "PMC7138384", "title": "The Role of Chest Imaging in Patient Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Consensus Statement From the Fleischner Society.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Rubin, Geoffrey D", "Ryerson, Christopher J", "Haramati, Linda B", "Sverzellati, Nicola", "Kanne, Jeffrey P", "Raoof, Suhail", "Schluger, Neil W", "Volpi, Annalisa", "Yim, Jae-Joon", "Martin, Ian B K", "Anderson, Deverick J", "Kong, Christina", "Altes, Talissa", "Bush, Andrew", "Desai, Sujal R", "Goldin, Jonathan", "Goo, Jin Mo", "Humbert, Marc", "Inoue, Yoshikazu", "Kauczor, Hans-Ulrich", "Luo, Fengming", "Mazzone, Peter J", "Prokop, Mathias", "Remy-Jardin, Martine", "Richeldi, Luca", "Schaefer-Prokop, Cornelia M", "Tomiyama, Noriyuki", "Wells, Athol U", "Leung, Ann N"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275978", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With more than 900,000 confirmed cases worldwide and nearly 50,000 deaths during the first 3\u00a0months of 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented health care crisis. The spread of COVID-19 has been heterogeneous, resulting in some regions having sporadic transmission and relatively few hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and others having community transmission that has led to overwhelming numbers of severe cases. For these regions, health care delivery has been disrupted and compromised by critical resource constraints in diagnostic testing, hospital beds, ventilators, and health care workers who have fallen ill to the virus exacerbated by shortages of personal protective equipment. Although mild cases mimic common upper respiratory viral infections, respiratory dysfunction becomes the principal source of morbidity and mortality as the disease advances. Thoracic imaging with chest radiography and CT are key tools for pulmonary disease diagnosis and management, but their role in the management of COVID-19 has not been considered within the multivariable context of the severity of respiratory disease, pretest probability, risk factors for disease progression, and critical resource constraints. To address this deficit, a multidisciplinary panel comprised principally of radiologists and pulmonologists from 10 countries with experience managing patients with COVID-19 across a spectrum of health care environments evaluated the utility of imaging within three scenarios representing varying risk factors, community conditions, and resource constraints. Fourteen key questions, corresponding to 11 decision points within the three scenarios and three additional clinical situations, were rated by the panel based on the anticipated value of the information that thoracic imaging would be expected to provide. The results were aggregated, resulting in five main and three additional recommendations intended to guide medical practitioners in the use of chest radiography and CT in the management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32504371, "pmcid": "PMC7274938", "title": "Gastric Occlusion due to the Intragastric Balloon Displacement in the Era of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Pandemic, Operative Management: a Case Report.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Sarro, Giuliano Riccardo", "Ceccarossi, Virginia", "Arborio, Elisa", "Bindi, Marco", "Tripodi, Vincenzo", "Rivolta, Umberto", "Ursini, Giuseppe", "Marconi, Matteo"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504371", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282372, "pmcid": "PMC7188042", "title": "Innovation in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Woolliscroft, James O"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282372", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted all aspects of academic medical center missions. The number and rapidity of innovative responses to the crisis are extraordinary. When the pandemic has subsided, the world of academic medicine will have changed. The author of this Invited Commentary anticipates that at least some of these innovations will become part of academic medicine's everyday clinical and educational operations. Here he considers the implications of exemplary innovations-virtual care, hospital at home, advances in diagnosis and therapy, virtual learning, and virtual clinical learning-for regulators, academic medical centers, faculty, and students."}, {"pmid": 32334800, "pmcid": "PMC7166034", "title": "Surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comprehensive overview and perioperative care.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Al-Balas, Mahmoud", "Al-Balas, Hasan Ibrahim", "Al-Balas, Hamzeh"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334800", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369286, "title": "A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Covid-19. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Cao, Bin", "Zhang, Dingyu", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369286", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471656, "pmcid": "PMC7241387", "title": "Is SARS-CoV-2 associated with liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Ali, Nurshad"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471656", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376571, "pmcid": "PMC7167315", "title": "[Effect of heat inactivation of blood samples on the efficacy of three detection methods of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Xue, Xiongyan", "Zhu, Changlin", "Huang, Shaozhen", "Pan, Lianhua", "Xu, Jianhua", "Li, Weixuan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376571", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the effects of heat inactivation of blood samples at 56\u2103 for 30 min on the results of SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection using different methods. This retrospective study was conducted in 11 patients with established diagnosis of COVID-19 and 10 patients with diseases other than COVID- 19 in our hospital. We collected samples of serum, plasma and whole blood from each patient between February, 12 and 18, 2020, and with a double- blind design, the samples were examined for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies before and after heat inactivation at 56 \u2103 for 30 min. In all the samples, the total SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected using immunochromatography, and the IgM antibodies were detected using fluorescence immunochromatography; the IgM and IgG antibodies in the serum and plasma samples detected with chemiluminescence immunoassay. We compared the detection results and analyzed the correlation of semi-quantitative detection results of IgM and IgG antibodies before and after heat inactivation of the samples. With immuno-chromatography, the coincidence rate of the total SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection before and after heat inactivation of the serum and plasma samples was 90.0% in COVID-19 cases and 100.0% in the negative cases, resulting in a total coincidence rate 95.2%; for the whole blood samples, the total coincidence rates of the total SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were 100.0%. For detection of IgM antibodies in the serum, plasma and whole blood samples using fluorescence immunochromatography, the coincidence rates in SARS-CoV-2-positive and negative cases and the total coincidence rate before and after inactivation were 100.0%, 0 and 47.6%, respectively. For detection of serum IgM and IgG antibodies and plasma IgG antibodies with chemiluminescence immunoassay, the coincidence rates in SARS-CoV-2-positive and negative cases and the total coincidence rate before and after inactivation were all 100.0%, and the total coincidence rate of plasma IgM antibodies was 95.2%. Pearson correlation analysis of the semi-quantitative results of IgM and IgG detection in the serum and plasma samples showed a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 (95%CI: 0.9998-1.000, P < 0.001) between the results before and after sample inactivation. Heat inactivation of blood samples at 56 \u2103 for 30 min does not obviously affect the results of immunochromatography and chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of SARS-COV-2 antibodies but can reduce the risk of infection for the operators. Heat-inactivated samples can not be used in fluorescence immunochromatography for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection."}, {"pmid": 32110742, "pmcid": "PMC7033348", "title": "Real-time forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic in China from February 5th to February 24th, 2020.", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Roosa, K", "Lee, Y", "Luo, R", "Kirpich, A", "Rothenberg, R", "Hyman, J M", "Yan, P", "Chowell, G"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32110742", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The initial cluster of severe pneumonia cases that triggered the COVID-19 epidemic was identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. While early cases of the disease were linked to a wet market, human-to-human transmission has driven the rapid spread of the virus throughout China. The Chinese government has implemented containment strategies of city-wide lockdowns, screening at airports and train stations, and isolation of suspected patients; however, the cumulative case count keeps growing every day. The ongoing outbreak presents a challenge for modelers, as limited data are available on the early growth trajectory, and the epidemiological characteristics of the novel coronavirus are yet to be fully elucidated. We use phenomenological models that have been validated during previous outbreaks to generate and assess short-term forecasts of the cumulative number of confirmed reported cases in Hubei province, the epicenter of the epidemic, and for the overall trajectory in China, excluding the province of Hubei. We collect daily reported cumulative confirmed cases for the 2019-nCoV outbreak for each Chinese province from the National Health Commission of China. Here, we provide 5, 10, and 15 day forecasts for five consecutive days, February 5th through February 9th, with quantified uncertainty based on a generalized logistic growth model, the Richards growth model, and a sub-epidemic wave model. Our most recent forecasts reported here, based on data up until February 9, 2020, largely agree across the three models presented and suggest an average range of 7409-7496 additional confirmed cases in Hubei and 1128-1929 additional cases in other provinces within the next five days. Models also predict an average total cumulative case count between 37,415 and 38,028 in Hubei and 11,588-13,499 in other provinces by February 24, 2020. Mean estimates and uncertainty bounds for both Hubei and other provinces have remained relatively stable in the last three reporting dates (February 7th - 9th). We also observe that each of the models predicts that the epidemic has reached saturation in both Hubei and other provinces. Our findings suggest that the containment strategies implemented in China are successfully reducing transmission and that the epidemic growth has slowed in recent days."}, {"pmid": 32100976, "title": "[Airway management of COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100976", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with severe and critical COVID-19 will develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome in a short time. Noninvasive or invasive positive pressure ventilation will be important means for those patients, which will help to improve the clinical cure rate and reduce the mortality. Effective airway management has a great significance to improve respiratory support, reduce complications, and promote rehabilitation."}, {"pmid": 32335946, "pmcid": "PMC7267159", "title": "Gastrointestinal endoscopy in the era of the acute pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019: Recommendations by Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (Issued on April 9th, 2020).", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Irisawa, Atsushi", "Furuta, Takahisa", "Matsumoto, Takayuki", "Kawai, Takashi", "Inaba, Tomoki", "Kanno, Atsushi", "Katanuma, Akio", "Kawahara, Yoshiro", "Matsuda, Koji", "Mizukami, Kazuhiro", "Otsuka, Takao", "Yasuda, Ichiro", "Tanaka, Shinji", "Fujimoto, Kazuma", "Fukuda, Shinsaku", "Iishi, Hiroyasu", "Igarashi, Yoshinori", "Inui, Kazuo", "Ueki, Toshiharu", "Ogata, Haruhiko", "Kato, Mototsugu", "Shiotani, Akiko", "Higuchi, Kazuhide", "Fujita, Naotaka", "Murakami, Kazunari", "Yamamoto, Hironori", "Ito, Tohru", "Okazaki, Kazuichi", "Kitagawa, Yuko", "Mine, Tetsuya", "Tajiri, Hisao", "Inoue, Haruhiro"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335946", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "All gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures have a high risk of aerosol contamination of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to endoscopists, nurses, and healthcare assistants. Given the current pandemic situation of COVID-19, the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society issued the recommendation for gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy based on the status of COVID-19 as of April 9, 2020, in Japan: (i) indications for GI endoscopy in the pandemic of COVID-19; (ii) practical protective equipment for medical personnel depending on the risk for COVID-19; (iii) preprocedural management, such as pharyngeal local anesthesia using lidocaine spray which has a potential to generate the aerosols; (iv) ideal settings of the endoscopy room including the numbers of the staff and the patients; (v) postprocedural management, such as undressing and follow-up of the patients, as well as the involved staff, were documented to fit the practical scenarios in GI endoscopy, with the available data in Japan and the world. We believe that certain measures will prevent further spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32164834, "pmcid": "PMC7158572", "title": "How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Anderson, Roy M", "Heesterbeek, Hans", "Klinkenberg, Don", "Hollingsworth, T Deirdre"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32164834", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239459, "pmcid": "PMC7110984", "title": "Warning Against the Use of Anti-Inflammatory Medicines to Cure COVID-19: Building Castles in the Air.", "journal": "Adv Ther", "authors": ["Varrassi, Giustino"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239459", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242990, "pmcid": "PMC7228343", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes.", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Ma, R C W", "Holt, R I G"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242990", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418350, "title": "Pivoting Research to COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Neurol", "authors": ["Landsness, Eric C", "Agner, Shannon C", "Bettegowda, Chetan", "McArthur, Justin C"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418350", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32124179, "pmcid": "PMC7089458", "title": "Clinical trials for the treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A rapid response to urgent need.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Zhang, Tengyue", "He, Yudi", "Xu, Wenshuai", "Ma, Aiping", "Yang, Yanli", "Xu, Kai-Feng"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32124179", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381430, "pmcid": "PMC7189855", "title": "Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: Report of three cases and a review of literature.", "journal": "J Dermatol Sci", "authors": ["Sachdeva, Muskaan", "Gianotti, Raffaele", "Shah, Monica", "Lucia, Bradanini", "Tosi, Diego", "Veraldi, Stefano", "Ziv, Michael", "Leshem, Eyal", "Dodiuk-Gad, Roni P"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381430", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Various cutaneous manifestations have been observed in patients with COVID-19 infection. However, overall similarities in the clinical presentation of these dermatological manifestations have not yet been summarized. This review aims to provide an overview of various cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID-19 through three case reports and a literature review. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, OVID, and Google search engines for original and review articles. Studies written in the English language that mentioned cutaneous symptoms and COVID-19 were included. Eighteen articles and three additional cases reported in this paper were included in this review. Of these studies, 6 are case series and 12 are case report studies. The most common cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 was found to be maculopapular exanthem (morbilliform), presenting in 36.1% (26/72) patients. The other cutaneous manifestations included: a papulovesicular rash (34.7%, 25/72), urticaria (9.7%, 7/72), painful acral red purple papules (15.3%, 11/72) of patients, livedo reticularis lesions (2.8%, 2/72) and petechiae (1.4%, 1/72). Majority of lesions were localized on the trunk (66.7%, 50/72), however, 19.4% (14/72) of patients experienced cutaneous manifestations in the hands and feet. Skin lesion development occurred before the onset of respiratory symptoms or COVID-19 diagnosis in 12.5% (9/72) of the patients, and lesions spontaneously healed in all patients within 10 days. Majority of the studies reported no correlation between COVID-19 severity and skin lesions. Infection with COVID-19 may result in dermatological manifestations with various clinical presentations, which may aid in the timely diagnosis of this infection."}, {"pmid": 32458212, "pmcid": "PMC7250261", "title": "Patients with chronic kidney disease have a poorer prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): an experience in New York City.", "journal": "Int Urol Nephrol", "authors": ["Yamada, Takayuki", "Mikami, Takahisa", "Chopra, Nitin", "Miyashita, Hirotaka", "Chernyavsky, Svetlana", "Miyashita, Satoshi"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458212", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255683, "title": "Clinical Features and Chest CT Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255683", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450726, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A \"Tech\"-tonic Shift Toward Virtual Diabetes Care.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Ahn, David T"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450726", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295880, "pmcid": "PMC7211940", "title": "Inner Workings: Molecular biologists offer \"wartime service\" in the effort to test for COVID-19.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["McDermott, Amy"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295880", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516421, "title": "COVID-19 rehabilitation units are twice as expensive as regular rehabilitation units.", "journal": "J Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Iannaccone, Sandro", "Alemanno, Federica", "Houdayer, Elise", "Brugliera, Luigia", "Castellazzi, Paola", "Cianflone, Domenico", "Meloni, Carlo", "Ambrosio, Alberto", "Mortini, Pietro", "Spina, Alfio", "Filippi, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516421", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant motor, cognitive, psychological, neurological and cardiological disabilities in many infected patients. Functional rehabilitation of infectious COVID-19 patients has been implemented in the acute care wards and in appropriate, ad-hoc, multidisciplinary COVID-19 rehabilitation units. However, because COVID-19 rehabilitation units are a clinical novelty, clinical and organizational benchmarks are not yet available. The aim of this study is to describe the organizational needs and operational costs of such a unit, by comparing its activity, organization, and costs with 2 other functional rehabilitation units, in San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. The 2-month activity of the COVID-19 Rehabilitation Unit at San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy, which was created in response to the emergency need for rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients, was compared with the previous year's activity of the Cardiac Rehabilitation and Motor Rehabilitation Units of the same institute. Results The COVID-19 Rehabilitation Unit had the same number of care beds as the other units, but required twice the amount of staff and instrumental equipment, leading to a deficit in costs. The COVID-19 Rehabilitation Unit was twice as expensive as the 2 other units studied. World health systems are organizing to respond to the pandemic by implementing acute intensive care and sub-intensive care units. This study shows that COVID-19 rehabilitation units must be organized following specific clinical and organizational needs."}, {"pmid": 32222027, "title": "COVID-19 in the pediatric population.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Abdelmaksoud, Ayman", "Kroumpouzos, George", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222027", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222119, "pmcid": "PMC7228212", "title": "Clinical analysis of pregnant women with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Siyu", "Liao, E", "Cao, Dongmei", "Gao, Ying", "Sun, Guoqiang", "Shao, Yong"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222119", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim is to evaluate pregnant women infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and provide help for clinical prevention and treatment. All five cases of pregnant women confirmed COVID-19 were collected among patients who admitted to the Maternal and Child Hospital of Hubei Province between January 20 and February 10, 2020. All patients, aging from 25 to 31 years old, had the gestational week from 38th weeks to 41st weeks. All pregnant women did not have an antepartum fever but developed a low-grade fever (37.5\u2103-38.5\u2103) within 24\u2009hours after delivery. All patients had normal liver and renal function, two patients had elevated plasma levels of the myocardial enzyme. Unusual chest imaging manifestations, featured with ground-grass opacity, were frequently observed in bilateral (three cases) or unilateral lobe (two cases) by computed tomography (CT) scan. All labors smoothly processed, the Apgar scores were 10 points 1 and 5\u2009minutes after delivery, no complications were observed in the newborn. Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of patients with COVID-19 should receive more attention. It is probable that pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 have no fever before delivery. Their primary initial manifestations were merely low-grade postpartum fever or mild respiratory symptoms. Therefore, the protective measures are necessary on admission; the instant CT scan and real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction assay should be helpful in early diagnosis and avoid cross-infection on the occasion that patients have fever and other respiratory signs."}, {"pmid": 32398238, "title": "Removing the handle of the Broad Street pump: measures to slow the spread of covid-19 in primary care teams.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["de Lusignan, Simon", "Carlyon, Tamsin", "Lalvani, Ajit"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398238", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392358, "title": "A virtual postgraduate community of practice.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Brown, Megan El", "Archer, Rebecca L", "Finn, Gabrielle M"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392358", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484942, "title": "Potential pitfalls of routine SARS-CoV-2 serology for mass screening.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Belec, Laurent", "Pere, Helene", "Bouassa, Ralph-Sydney Mboumba", "Veyer, David", "Jenabian, Mohammad-Ali"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484942", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347128, "title": "Maintaining stereotactic radiosurgical treatments during Covid-19 outbreak: the case of the Gamma Knife Unit in Brescia - Italy.", "journal": "Br J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Franzin, A", "Spatola, G", "Giudice, L", "Migliorati, K", "Vivaldi, O", "Giorgi, C"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347128", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374420, "pmcid": "PMC7267371", "title": "Maternal mental health in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Thapa, Suraj B", "Mainali, Anustha", "Schwank, Simone E", "Acharya, Ganesh"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374420", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the pandemic of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) spiraling out of control, the world is desperately frazzled at the moment. A few empirical studies related to this pandemic have reported higher prevalence of mental health problems among women compared to men.1 In this context, pregnant women and new mothers could certainly be more vulnerable. Are there psychological repercussions of this outbreak on maternal health? Are perinatal maternal mental health disorders an inevitable burden of this pandemic? Could this be averted with a proactive, multidisciplinary, integrated health services approach targeting the vulnerable population of pregnant women?."}, {"pmid": 32506364, "title": "Hyperacute multi-organ thromboembolic storm in COVID-19: a case report.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Chibane, Sarah", "Gibeau, Guillaume", "Poulin, Frederic", "Tessier, Pierre", "Goulet, Michelle", "Carrier, Marc", "Lanthier, Sylvain"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506364", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute viral pneumonia, hypoxemic respiratory failure and severe inflammatory response are hallmarks of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19-associated inflammatory state may further lead to symptomatic thromboembolic complications despite prophylaxis. We report a 66-year-old female patient with post-mortem diagnosis of COVID-19 who presented progressive livedo racemosa, acute renal failure and myocardial injury, as well as an absence of respiratory symptoms. Transthoracic echocardiography showed severe spontaneous echo contrast in the right cardiac chambers and right-sided cardiac overload presumed to result from pulmonary microvascular thrombosis or embolism. D-dimer levels were increased. The patient developed an acute ischemic stroke and died 2\u00a0days following presentation despite therapeutic anticoagulation. Her predominantly thromboembolic presentation supports the concept of coronavirus infection of endothelial cells and hypercoagulability, or COVID-19 endotheliitis. The case we report highlights that COVID-19-associated hyperacute multi-organ thromboembolic storm may precede or present disproportionately to respiratory involvement."}, {"pmid": 32515364, "title": "COVID-19: Transforming Global Health.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Jawad, Fatema"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515364", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356955, "title": "Clinical Pathway for Management of Suspected or Positive Novel Coronavirus-19 Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.", "journal": "Crit Pathw Cardiol", "authors": ["Ranard, Lauren S", "Ahmad, Yousif", "Masoumi, Amirali", "Chuich, Taylor", "Romney, Marie-Laure S", "Gavin, Nicholas", "Sayan, Osman R", "Kirtane, Ajay J", "Rabbani, LeRoy E"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356955", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is an escalating, highly infectious global pandemic that is quickly overwhelming healthcare systems. This has implications on standard cardiac care for ST-elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMIs). In the setting of anticipated resource scarcity in the future, we are forced to reconsider fibrinolytic therapy in our management algorithms. We encourage clinicians to maintain a high level of suspicion for STEMI mimics, such as myopericarditis which is a known, not infrequent, complication of COVID-19 disease. Herein, we present a pathway developed by a multidisciplinary panel of stakeholders at NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center for the management of STEMI in suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32350105, "pmcid": "PMC7191115", "title": "Putative contributions of circadian clock and sleep in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Meira E Cruz, Miguel", "Miyazawa, Masaaki", "Gozal, David"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350105", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443712, "title": "Coverage of Health Information by Different Sources in Communities: Implication for COVID-19 Epidemic Response.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Tran, Bach Xuan", "Dang, Anh Kim", "Thai, Phong Khanh", "Le, Huong Thi", "Le, Xuan Thanh Thi", "Do, Toan Thanh Thi", "Nguyen, Tu Huu", "Pham, Hai Quang", "Phan, Hai Thanh", "Vu, Giang Thu", "Phung, Dung Tri", "Nghiem, Son Hong", "Nguyen, Thu Ha", "Tran, Trung Dinh", "Do, Khanh Nam", "Truong, Dat Van", "Vu, Giap Van", "Latkin, Carl A", "Ho, Roger C M", "Ho, Cyrus S H"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443712", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health personnel and community workers are at the front line of the COVID-19 emergency response and need to be equipped with adequate knowledge related to epidemics for an effective response. This study aimed to identify the coverage of COVID-19 health information via different sources accessed by health workers and community workers in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey was carried out from January to February 2020 in Vietnam. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used for recruiting participants. We utilized the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to examine the construct validity of the questionnaire. A higher percentage of participants knew about \"Clinical and pathogen characteristics of COVID-19\", compared to \"Regulations and policies related to COVID-19\". The percentage of participants accessing the information on \"Guidelines and policies on prevention and control of COVID-19\" was the lowest, especially among medical students. \"Mass media and peer-educators\" channels had a higher score of accessing COVID-19 information, compared to \"Organizations/ agencies/ associations\" sources. Participants consumed most of their COVID-19 information via \"Internet, online newspapers, social networks\". Our findings indicate an urgency to re-design training programs and communication activities for a more effective dissemination of information related to the COVID-19 epidemic or epidemics in general."}, {"pmid": 32354770, "title": "Status of SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with COVID-19 and stroke.", "journal": "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry", "authors": ["Al Saiegh, Fadi", "Ghosh, Ritam", "Leibold, Adam", "Avery, Michael B", "Schmidt, Richard F", "Theofanis, Thana", "Mouchtouris, Nikolaos", "Philipp, Lucas", "Peiper, Stephen C", "Wang, Zi-Xuan", "Rincon, Fred", "Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I", "Jabbour, Pascal", "Rosenwasser, Robert H", "Gooch, M Reid"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354770", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergence of the novel corona virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2) in December 2019 has led to the covid-19 pandemic. The extent of covid-19 involvement in the central nervous system is not well established, and the presence or the absence of SARS-CoV-2 particles in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a topic of debate. We present two patients with covid-19 and concurrent neurological symptoms. Our first patient is a 31-year-old man who had flu-like symptoms due to covid-19 and later developed an acute-onset severe headache and loss of consciousness and was diagnosed with a Hunt and Hess grade 3 subarachnoid haemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm. Our second patient is a 62-year-old woman who had an ischaemic stroke with massive haemorrhagic conversion requiring a decompressive hemicraniectomy. Both patients' CSF was repeatedly negative on real-time PCR analysis despite concurrent neurological disease. Our report shows that patients' CSF may be devoid of viral particles even when they test positive for covid-19 on a nasal swab. Whether SARS-CoV-2 is present in CSF may depend on the systemic disease severity and the degree of the virus' nervous tissue tropism and should be examined in future studies."}, {"pmid": 32498007, "pmcid": "PMC7255327", "title": "Immunopharmacological management of COVID-19: Potential therapeutic role of valproic acid.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Unal, Gokhan", "Turan, Bahadir", "Balcioglu, Yasin Hasan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498007", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444358, "pmcid": "PMC7243800", "title": "Incidence, clinical outcomes, and transmission dynamics of severe coronavirus disease 2019 in California and Washington: prospective cohort study.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Lewnard, Joseph A", "Liu, Vincent X", "Jackson, Michael L", "Schmidt, Mark A", "Jewell, Britta L", "Flores, Jean P", "Jentz, Chris", "Northrup, Graham R", "Mahmud, Ayesha", "Reingold, Arthur L", "Petersen, Maya", "Jewell, Nicholas P", "Young, Scott", "Bellows, Jim"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444358", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To understand the epidemiology and burden of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) during the first epidemic wave on the west coast of the United States. Prospective cohort study. Kaiser Permanente integrated healthcare delivery systems serving populations in northern California, southern California, and Washington state. 1840 people with a first acute hospital admission for confirmed covid-19 by 22 April 2020, among 9\u2009596\u2009321 healthcare plan enrollees. Analyses of hospital length of stay and clinical outcomes included 1328 people admitted by 9 April 2020 (534 in northern California, 711 in southern California, and 83 in Washington). Cumulative incidence of first acute hospital admission for confirmed covid-19, and subsequent probabilities of admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality, as well as duration of hospital stay and ICU stay. The effective reproduction number (RE ) describing transmission dynamics was estimated for each region. As of 22 April 2020, cumulative incidences of a first acute hospital admission for covid-19 were 15.6 per 100\u2009000 cohort members in northern California, 23.3 per 100\u2009000 in southern California, and 14.7 per 100\u2009000 in Washington. Accounting for censoring of incomplete hospital stays among those admitted by 9 April 2020, the estimated median duration of stay among survivors was 9.3 days (with 95% staying 0.8 to 32.9 days) and among non-survivors was 12.7 days (1.6 to 37.7 days). The censoring adjusted probability of ICU admission for male patients was 48.5% (95% confidence interval 41.8% to 56.3%) and for female patients was 32.0% (26.6% to 38.4%). For patients requiring critical care, the median duration of ICU stay was 10.6 days (with 95% staying 1.3 to 30.8 days). The censoring adjusted case fatality ratio was 23.5% (95% confidence interval 19.6% to 28.2%) among male inpatients and 14.9% (11.8% to 18.6%) among female inpatients; mortality risk increased with age for both male and female patients. Reductions in RE were identified over the study period within each region. Among residents of California and Washington state enrolled in Kaiser Permanente healthcare plans who were admitted to hospital with covid-19, the probabilities of ICU admission, of long hospital stay, and of mortality were identified to be high. Incidence rates of new hospital admissions have stabilized or declined in conjunction with implementation of social distancing interventions."}, {"pmid": 32387821, "pmcid": "PMC7175877", "title": "Lockdown, one, two, none, or smart. Modeling containing covid-19 infection. A conceptual model.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ibarra-Vega, Danny"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387821", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A mathematical model has been created with the Systems Dynamics methodology. It is based on a SIR model, with the addition of auxiliary and state variables that represent hospital capacity, contacts, contacts with infected, deaths, giving, as a result, a model of four stock variables. Similarly, using piecewise functions, it was possible to model the \"quarantines\" or lockdowns, and the effectiveness of reduction in the contacts, Results show the decrease in infected people due to the quarantines. The model was simulated for a population of 100,000. The simulations show trends of infections that could occur in three different scenarios: A) one extended lockdown (60\u00a0days), B) two medium lockdowns of 30\u00a0days, with a 30-day smart lockdown space, and C) an initial 40-day lockdown and then a 30-day smart lockdown. All the lockdowns start on day 25 after the first reported infection. The model presents a compact structure of broad understanding and successful capture of a COVID-19 outbreak and therefore provides an overview to improve knowledge of outbreak trends and quarantine effectiveness in reducing infection."}, {"pmid": 32531256, "pmcid": "PMC7283076", "title": "Cytokine Storm Induced by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Song, Peipei", "Li, Wei", "Xie, Jianqin", "Hou, Yanlong", "You, Chongge"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531256", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently spreading globally, causing severe pneumonia and acute lung injury in many patients. Even worse, severe respiratory may develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in COVID-19. The cytokine storm caused by immune over-activation due to virus infection may be an important cause of death in the late period of progress, but the pathogenesis of cytokine storm is still unclear. This article reviews the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm in detail based on the current discovered researches, and put forward some valuable medication ideas for the targeted cytokines drug researches and treatment. The goal of this work will be helpful for reducing excessive immune response."}, {"pmid": 32297156, "pmcid": "PMC7157830", "title": "Computational Identification of Small Interfering RNA Targets in SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Chen, Wei", "Feng, Pengmian", "Liu, Kewei", "Wu, Meng", "Lin, Hao"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297156", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375446, "title": "[Individualized treatment recommendations for lung cancer patients at different stages of treatment during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhao, Z", "Bai, H", "Duan, J C", "Wang, J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375446", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In order to achieve the overall victory over 2019 novel coronavirus disease epidemic, especially to prevent the disease recurrence from rebounding during the resumption of labor, the government has not loosened any control of personnel mobility, which has obviously affected the normal examination and treatment of lung cancer patients under the influence of this epidemic. During the epidemic period, cancer patients with low immunity levels face the double ordeals of disease and epidemic situation. Compared with the general population, they are more likely to be infected with the new coronavirus. Among the infected cancer patients, lung cancer is the most common type. It is necessary to provide more appropriate individualized treatment recommendations for patients with lung cancer based on the epidemic situation of the patient's location and in combination with the patient's own condition. Through active prevention of infection, timely conversion of treatment strategies, online and offline joint control, and positive psychological counseling, we do our best to help patients with lung cancer to survive this difficult period."}, {"pmid": 32442756, "title": "Combination of four clinical indicators predicts the severe/critical symptom of patients infected COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Liping", "Song, Fengxiang", "Shi, Nannan", "Liu, Fengjun", "Li, Shenyang", "Li, Ping", "Zhang, Weihan", "Jiang, Xiao", "Zhang, Yongbin", "Sun, Lining", "Chen, Xiong", "Shi, Yuxin"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442756", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the death rate of COVID-19 is less than 3%, the fatality rate of severe/critical cases is high, according to World Health Organization (WHO). Thus, screening the severe/critical cases before symptom occurs effectively saves medical resources. In this study, all 336 cases of patients infected COVID-19 in Shanghai to March 12th, were retrospectively enrolled, and divided in to training and test datasets. In addition, 220 clinical and laboratory observations/records were also collected. Clinical indicators were associated with severe/critical symptoms were identified and a model for severe/critical symptom prediction was developed. Totally, 36 clinical indicators significantly associated with severe/critical symptom were identified. The clinical indicators are mainly thyroxine, immune related cells and products. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and optimized combination of age, GSH, CD3 ratio and total protein has a good performance in discriminating the mild and severe/critical cases. The area under receiving operating curve (AUROC) reached 0.9996 and 0.9757 in the training and testing dataset, respectively. When the using cut-off value as 0.0667, the recall rate was 93.33 % and 100 % in the training and testing datasets, separately. Cox multivariate regression and survival analyses revealed that the model significantly discriminated the severe/critical cases and used the information of the selected clinical indicators. The model was robust and effective in predicting the severe/critical COVID cases."}, {"pmid": 32372801, "pmcid": "PMC7195350", "title": "Does a cell protein explain covid-19 severity?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Hamzelou, Jessica"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372801", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501330, "pmcid": "PMC7252062", "title": "Shielded from harm.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Arnold, Carrie"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501330", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For some, covid-19 is fatal, but others have no symptoms at all. How can we predict who will get seriously sick - and how best to protect them? Carrie Arnold reports."}, {"pmid": 32253132, "pmcid": "PMC7102611", "title": "The impending storm: COVID-19, pandemics and our overwhelmed emergency departments.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Mareiniss, Darren P"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253132", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272283, "pmcid": "PMC7194788", "title": "JACI: In Practice Response to COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Angel, Dawn M", "Zeiger, Robert S", "Sicherer, Scott H", "Khan, David A", "Schatz, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272283", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32127122, "pmcid": "PMC7055040", "title": "Letter to the editor: Plenty of coronaviruses but no SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Colson, Philippe", "La Scola, Bernard", "Esteves-Vieira, Vera", "Ninove, Laetitia", "Zandotti, Christine", "Jimeno, Marie-Therese", "Gazin, Celine", "Bedotto, Marielle", "Filosa, Veronique", "Giraud-Gatineau, Audrey", "Chaudet, Herve", "Brouqui, Philippe", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127122", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471002, "title": "It is currently unknown whether SARS-CoV-2 is viable in semen or whether COVID-19 damages sperm.", "journal": "Andrology", "authors": ["Perry, Melissa J", "Arrington, Suzanne", "Neumann, Laura M", "Carrell, Douglas", "Mores, Christopher N"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471002", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Research is needed to understand the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in semen, sexual transmissibility, and impact on sperm quality. Several studies have examined men recovering from COVID-19, but large-scale community-based testing is needed to ascertain the effects on the male reproductive tract, and the potential for prolonged transmission."}, {"pmid": 32349837, "pmcid": "PMC7235297", "title": "COVID-19: the implications for suicide in older adults.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Wand, Anne Pamela Frances", "Zhong, Bao-Liang", "Chiu, Helen Fung Kum", "Draper, Brian", "De Leo, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349837", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233098, "title": "Medical Education Adaptations: Really Good Stuff for educational transition during a pandemic.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Eva, Kevin W", "Anderson, M Brownie"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233098", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325476, "title": "The case for New Zealand to have its own COVID-19 vaccine programme.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Ussher, James E", "Le Gros, Graham", "Quinones-Mateu, Miguel E", "Gulab, Shivali A", "Yiannoutsos, Melissa"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325476", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220989, "title": "Looking after yourself and others.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Allister, Rosie"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220989", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global Covid-19 outbreak is having a profound impact on everyone, including people in the veterinary profession. Public health and government advice for some to self isolate and for all of us to increase social distancing poses huge challenges for the industry and its people, as well as clients and patients. Here, Vetlife Helpline manager."}, {"pmid": 32514616, "title": "Safe distance, safe patients! Therapeutic management of oncological patients affected by cutaneous and mucosal adverse events during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Italian experience.", "journal": "Support Care Cancer", "authors": ["Cinelli, Eleonora", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Fattore, Davide", "Marasca, Claudio", "Damiani, Giovanni", "Annunziata, Maria Carmela"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514616", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Stringent measures have been taken to contain COVID-19 spread, limiting access only for urgent visits, surgery procedures, or hospitalizations and using teledermatology services for non-urgent cases. Management of oncological patients affected by chemo-, immune-, and radiotherapy-related cutaneous and mucosal adverse events is a challenge. Firstly because of the differential diagnosis of cutaneous rash (e.g., drug-related rash or paraviral exanthema). Secondly, oncological patients can suffer from xerosis, pruritus, and mucositis that contribute to cutaneous and mucosal barrier lesions, thus becoming vulnerable site for viral or bacterial colonization. These lesions can also be aggravated by the use of protective mask and gloves. Here, we report also our results of a teledermatological survey on 87 oncological patients, where the health status of oncological patients referred to our dedicated clinic was assessed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is fundamental that oncological patients are followed up by their dermatologists even if the clinics are closed. Teledermatology represents a crucial means of communication. Patients can contact the dermatological staff by emails and telephone, 24\u00a0h a day, 7\u00a0days a week, for video calls and dermatological consultations."}, {"pmid": 32246784, "pmcid": "PMC7228370", "title": "An alteration of the dopamine synthetic pathway is possibly involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Nataf, Serge"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246784", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452941, "title": "Essential Case Management Practices Amidst the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: Part 1: Tele-Case Management, Surge Capacity, Discharge Planning, and Transitions of Care.", "journal": "Prof Case Manag", "authors": ["Tahan, Hussein M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452941", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is the first of a 2-part article that discusses essential case management practices and strategies amidst the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The series showcases the potential professional case managers have in support of managing during a crisis such as this global pandemic. Part I discusses reenvisioned roles and responsibilities of case managers and leaders known to address patients' needs during a crisis, with a special focus on telehealth, tele-case management, surge capacity, redeployment, discharge planning, and transitions of care. Applicable to the various case management practice settings across the continuum of health and human services, especially acute care. The COVID-19 global pandemic crisis has brought an unprecedented challenge to professional case managers and health care professionals. It also has provided opportunities for innovation and partnerships within and across health care organizations and the various care settings where patients/support systems access necessary services. Most importantly, it created a renewed interest in telehealth and facilitated a wider adoption of such approach to care delivery than ever before. This pandemic has also increased the use of nontraditional sites of care, most importantly those that operate virtually on electronic networks and health information system technologies such as remote visits, e-visits, virtual care, and tele-monitoring. Undoubtedly, these have provided new opportunities for tele-case management services and roles for professional case managers in the virtual world of health and human service delivery. Professional case managers are integral members of interprofessional health care teams. Their roles are even more necessary during a global pandemic such as COVID-19. The practice of case management will forever change-for the better. The experience of this crisis in health care has brought about ever-lasting implications for case management professionals. It has raised awareness to sites of care never were as popular before, resulting in an increased need and recognition for tele-case management practice and virtual case managers. It has also forced partnerships and collaborations among the diverse contexts of health care organizations (public, private, or both) and other industries, regardless of whether directly involved in the delivery of care or having a support service role. These new and innovative approaches in the provision of care and case management services will without a doubt become routine expectations beyond the current pandemic period. Of special note are the enhanced roles of case managers in discharge planning and transitions of care."}, {"pmid": 32482684, "title": "Managing individual and population risk from covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bradley, Stephen H", "Kirby, Elizabeth", "Wheatstone, Pete"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482684", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467447, "title": "What's Important: Is \"Spring Training\" Necessary for Surgeons After a Long COVID-19 Off-Season?", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Schultz, Robert A", "Lachiewicz, Paul F"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467447", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474140, "pmcid": "PMC7247782", "title": "Maternal choline and respiratory coronavirus effects on fetal brain development.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Res", "authors": ["Freedman, Robert", "Hunter, Sharon K", "Law, Amanda J", "D'Alessandro, Angelo", "Noonan, Kathleen", "Wyrwa, Anna", "Camille Hoffman, M"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474140", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prenatal COVID-19 infection is anticipated by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control to affect fetal development similarly to other common respiratory coronaviruses through effects of the maternal inflammatory response on the fetus and placenta. Plasma choline levels were measured at 16 weeks gestation in 43 mothers who had contracted common respiratory viruses during the first 6-16 weeks of pregnancy and 53 mothers who had not. When their infants reached 3 months of age, mothers completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R), which assesses their infants' level of activity (Surgency), their fearfulness and sadness (Negativity), and their ability to maintain attention and bond to their parents and caretakers (Regulation). Infants of mothers who had contracted a moderately severe respiratory virus infection and had higher gestational choline serum levels (\u22657.5\u00a0mM consistent with U.S. Food and Drug Administration dietary recommendations) had significantly increased development of their ability to maintain attention and to bond with their parents (Regulation), compared to infants whose mothers had contracted an infection but had lower choline levels (<7.5\u00a0mM). For infants of mothers with choline levels \u22657.5\u00a0\u03bcM, there was no effect of viral infection on infant IBQ-R Regulation, compared to infants of mothers who were not infected. Higher choline levels obtained through diet or supplements may protect fetal development and support infant early behavioral development even if the mother contracts a viral infection in early gestation when the brain is first being formed."}, {"pmid": 32452978, "pmcid": "PMC7268855", "title": "Prolonged fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric patients. A quantitative evidence synthesis.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Santos, Victor Santana", "Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz", "Cuevas, Luis Eduardo", "Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452978", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate differences in viral shedding in respiratory and fecal samples from children with COVID-19. We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase and Web of Science databases to identify pediatric studies comparing the pattern of fecal and respiratory shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Summary estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Four studies reporting data from 36 children were included. A higher proportion of children had viral shedding in stools after 14 days of symptoms onset compared to respiratory samples (RR= 3.2, 95%CI 1.2 to 8.9, I2 = 51%). Viral RNA shedding was longer in fecal samples with a mean difference of approximately 9 days (Mean Difference = 8.6, 95%CI 1.7 to 15.4, I2\u200a=\u200a77%) compared with respiratory samples. SARS-CoV-2 shedding seems to be present in feces for a longer time than in the respiratory tract of children. Although fecal SARS-CoV-2 presence in feces do not confirm its transmissibility, the high and fast spread of the COVID-19 disease worldwide indicate other transmission routes are also plausible."}, {"pmid": 32346206, "pmcid": "PMC7186192", "title": "Abortion at the edges: Politics, practices, performances.", "journal": "Womens Stud Int Forum", "authors": ["Baird, Barbara", "Millar, Erica"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346206", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article provides a brief overview of the state of discourse, politics and provision of abortion in the Anglophone West, including developments in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. It then surveys three promising directions for feminist abortion scholarship. The first is work inspired by the Reproductive Justice Movement, that points to the intersectional axes of inequality that shape abortion discourse and position us in relation to reproductive choice and access issues. The second is work that examines the particularity of the constitution of the aborting body, reflecting the particularity of the pregnant body. This is a specific body, with a specific history; abortion discourse draws from and makes a significant contribution to the meaning and lived experience of this body. The third area of scholarship we highlight is that which seeks to amplify the meaning of abortion as a social good. Much abortion scholarship is attuned to a critique of negative aspects of abortion-from its representation in popular culture to restrictive law and access issues. This is critical work but/and the performative nature of abortion scholarship, like all discourse, means that it can amplify the association of negativity with abortion. The article concludes by introducing the articles contained in the special section of Women's Studies International Forum, 'Abortion at the edges: Politics, practices, performances'."}, {"pmid": 32303440, "pmcid": "PMC7156237", "title": "Radiology Management and COVID-19 in Resource Limited Setting.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303440", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432724, "title": "Lung ultrasound cannot be used to screen for Covid-19 in children.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Scheier, E", "Guri, A", "Balla, U"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432724", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324362, "title": "Practical aspects of intensive care for critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring respiratory support", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Vegh, Tamas", "Laszlo, Istvan", "Juhasz, Marianna", "Berhes, Mariann", "Fabian, Akos", "Koszta, Gyorgy", "Molnar, Csilla", "Fulesdi, Bela"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324362", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel outbreak of pneumonia was reported in Wuhan city, China. Initially, the zoonitic infection spread from human to human, causing a pandemic. This viral disease (COVID-19) can appear in a variety of forms, from asymptomatic through the spectrum of mild symptoms to severe respiratory failure, requiring intensive care. Caring for this latter group of patients puts a significant burden on health care. The purpose of this summary is to present the practical aspects of intensive care for patients requiring respiratory support and mechanical ventilation. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 678\u2013684."}, {"pmid": 32349615, "title": "COVID-19: A personal perspective.", "journal": "Palliat Med", "authors": ["Walshe, Catherine"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349615", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436101, "pmcid": "PMC7238392", "title": "Neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19: a review and a call for action.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Leonardi, Matilde", "Padovani, Alessandro", "McArthur, Justin C"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436101", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the epidemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread globally, more and more evidences are collected about the presence of neurological manifestations and symptoms associated with it. A systematic review has been performed of papers published until 5 April 2020. 29 papers related to neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 were examined. The results show presence of central and peripheral nervous system manifestations related to coronavirus. Neurological manifestations, or NeuroCOVID, are part of the COVID-19 clinical picture, but questions remain regarding the frequency and severity of CNS symptoms, the mechanism of action underlying neurological symptoms, and the relationship of symptoms with the course and severity of COVID-19. Further clinical, epidemiological, and basic science research is urgently needed to understand and address neurological sequalae of COVID-19. Concomitant risk factors or determinants (e.g. demographic factors, comorbidities, or available biomarkers) that may predispose a person with COVID-19 to neurological manifestations also need to be identified. The review shows that although more and more papers are reporting neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19; however, many items remain unclear and this uncertainty calls for a global action that requires close coordination and open-data sharing between hospitals, academic institutions and the fast establishment of harmonised research priorities and research consortia to face the NeuroCOVID-19 complications."}, {"pmid": 32515974, "title": "Spiky Nanostructures with Geometry-matching Topography for Virus Inhibition.", "journal": "Nano Lett", "authors": ["Nie, Chuanxiong", "Stadtmuller, Marlena", "Yang, Hua", "Xia, Yi", "Wolff, Thorsten", "Cheng, Chong", "Haag, Rainer"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515974", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Geometry-matching has been known to benefit the formation of stable biological interactions in natural systems. Herein, we report that the spiky nanostructures with matched topography to the influenza A virus (IAV) virions could be used to design next-generation advanced virus inhibitors. We demonstrated that nanostructures with spikes between 5 and 10 nm bind significantly better to virions than smooth nanoparticles, due to the short spikes inserting into the gaps of glycoproteins of the IAV virion. Furthermore, an erythrocyte membrane (EM) was coated to target the IAV, and the obtained EM-coated nanostructures could efficiently prevent IAV virion binding to the cells and inhibit subsequent infection. In a postinfection study, the EM-coated nanostructures reduced >99.9% virus replication at the cellular nontoxic dosage. We predict that such a combination of geometry-matching topography and cellular membrane coating will also push forward the development of nanoinhibitors for other virus strains, including SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32497704, "title": "Comment on: \"Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Fernandez-Nieto, D", "Jimenez-Cauhe, J", "Suarez-Valle, A", "Moreno-Arrones, O M", "Saceda-Corralo, D", "Arana-Raja, A", "Ortega-Quijano, D"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497704", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333544, "pmcid": "PMC7253090", "title": "Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound Findings in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Yasukawa, Kosuke", "Minami, Taro"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333544", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) typically present with bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacification with a peripheral distribution. The utility of point-of-care ultrasound has been suggested, but detailed descriptions of lung ultrasound findings are not available. We evaluated lung ultrasound findings in 10 patients admitted to the internal medicine ward with COVID-19. All of the patients had characteristic glass rockets with or without the Birolleau variant (white lung). Thick irregular pleural lines and confluent B lines were also present in all of the patients. Five of the 10 patients had small subpleural consolidations. Point-of-care lung ultrasound has multiple advantages, including lack of radiation exposure and repeatability. Also, lung ultrasound has been shown to be more sensitive than a chest radiograph in detecting alveolar-interstitial syndrome. The utilization of lung ultrasound may also reduce exposure of healthcare workers to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 and may mitigate the shortage of personal protective equipment. Further studies are needed to evaluate the utility of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32409522, "title": "Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in COVID-19 based on evidence for COVID-19, other coronavirus infections, influenza, community-acquired pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Ye, Zhikang", "Wang, Ying", "Colunga-Lozano, Luis Enrique", "Prasad, Manya", "Tangamornsuksan, Wimonchat", "Rochwerg, Bram", "Yao, Liang", "Motaghi, Shahrzad", "Couban, Rachel J", "Ghadimi, Maryam", "Bala, Malgorzata M", "Gomaa, Huda", "Fang, Fang", "Xiao, Yingqi", "Guyatt, Gordon H"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409522", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Very little direct evidence exists on use of corticosteroids in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Indirect evidence from related conditions must therefore inform inferences regarding benefits and harms. To support a guideline for managing COVID-19, we conducted systematic reviews examining the impact of corticosteroids in COVID-19 and related severe acute respiratory illnesses. We searched standard international and Chinese biomedical literature databases and prepublication sources for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing corticosteroids versus no corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). For acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), influenza and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), we updated the most recent rigorous systematic review. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses to pool relative risks and then used baseline risk in patients with COVID-19 to generate absolute effects. In ARDS, according to 1 small cohort study in patients with COVID-19 and 7 RCTs in non-COVID-19 populations (risk ratio [RR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55 to 0.93, mean difference 17.3% fewer; low-quality evidence), corticosteroids may reduce mortality. In patients with severe COVID-19 but without ARDS, direct evidence from 2 observational studies provided very low-quality evidence of an increase in mortality with corticosteroids (hazard ratio [HR] 2.30, 95% CI 1.00 to 5.29, mean difference 11.9% more), as did observational data from influenza studies. Observational data from SARS and MERS studies provided very low-quality evidence of a small or no reduction in mortality. Randomized controlled trials in CAP suggest that corticosteroids may reduce mortality (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.98, 3.1% lower; very low-quality evidence), and may increase hyperglycemia. Corticosteroids may reduce mortality for patients with COVID-19 and ARDS. For patients with severe COVID-19 but without ARDS, evidence regarding benefit from different bodies of evidence is inconsistent and of very low quality."}, {"pmid": 32150622, "title": "Diagnostic Testing for the Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Sharfstein, Joshua M", "Becker, Scott J", "Mello, Michelle M"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32150622", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412176, "pmcid": "PMC7273075", "title": "Proposed Workflow for Rehabilitation in a Field Hospital Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "PM R", "authors": ["Smith, Sean R", "Jenq, Grace", "Claflin, Ted", "Magnant, Chris", "Haig, Andrew J", "Hurvitz, Edward"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412176", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged healthcare facilities throughout the world. In many regions, the need for acute inpatient healthcare services has exceeded the capacity of hospital systems, and field hospitals are being utilized as one part of the response strategy. Given the urgency and novelty of this pandemic, healthcare systems are attempting to rapidly execute plans for field hospitals, and rehabilitative care in this environment merits particular consideration given the potential impacts of mobilization and rehabilitative therapies on morbidity, mortality, duration of ventilation, and lengths of ICU/hospital stay. In order to address this need, a model for rehabilitation in field hospitals is presented here. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32343357, "title": "The global COVID-19 response must include refugees and migrants.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Brandenberger, Julia", "Baauw, Albertine", "Kruse, Alexandra", "Ritz, Nicole"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343357", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428071, "title": "COVID-19: the importance of new technologies for physical activity as a public health strategy.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Souza Filho, Breno Augusto Bormann de", "Tritany, Erika Fernandes"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428071", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408910, "title": "Interdisciplinary and Collaborative Approaches Needed to Determine Impact of COVID-19 on Older Adults and Aging: CAG/ACG and CJA/RCV Joint Statement.", "journal": "Can J Aging", "authors": ["Meisner, Brad A", "Boscart, Veronique", "Gaudreau, Pierrette", "Stolee, Paul", "Ebert, Patricia", "Heyer, Michelle", "Kadowaki, Laura", "Kelly, Christine", "Levasseur, Melanie", "Massie, Ariane S", "Menec, Verena", "Middleton, Laura", "Sheiban, Linda", "Thornton, Wendy Loken", "Tong, Catherine", "van den Hoonaard, Deborah K", "Wilson, Kimberley"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408910", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent state of public emergency have significantly affected older adults in Canada and worldwide. It is imperative that the gerontological response be efficient and effective. In this statement, the board members of the Canadian Association on Gerontology/L'Association canadienne de g\u00e9rontologie (CAG/ACG) and the Canadian Journal on Aging/La revue canadienne du vieillissement (CJA/RCV) acknowledge the contributions of CAG/ACG members and CJA/RCV readers. We also profile the complex ways that COVID-19 is affecting older adults, from individual to population levels, and advocate for the adoption of multidisciplinary collaborative teams to bring together different perspectives, areas of expertise, and methods of evaluation in the COVID-19 response."}, {"pmid": 32460209, "title": "The effect of potential therapeutic agents on QT interval in patients with COVID-19 Infection: The importance of close monitoring and correction of electrolytes.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Habibzadeh, Parham", "Moghadami, Mohsen", "Lankarani, Kamran Bagheri"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460209", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362507, "pmcid": "PMC7183996", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and non invasive respiratory management: Every Goliath needs a David. An evidence based evaluation of problems.", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Winck, J C", "Ambrosino, N"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362507", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The war against Covid-19 is far from won. This narrative review attempts to describe some problems with the management of Covid-19 induced acute respiratory failure (ARF) by pulmonologists. We searched the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and reviewed the references of retrieved articles for additional studies. The search was limited to the terms: Covid-19 AND: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), SARS, MERS, non invasive ventilation (NIV), high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), pronation (PP), health care workers (HCW). Protection of Health care workers should be paramount, so full Personal Protective Equipment and Negative pressure rooms are warranted. HFNC alone or with PP could be offered for mild cases (PaO2/FiO2 between 200-300); NIV alone or with PP may work in moderate cases (PaO2/FiO2 between 100-200). Rotation and coupled (HFNC/NIV) strategy can be beneficial. A window of opportunity of 1-2h is advised. If PaO2/FIO2 significantly increases, Respiratory Rate decreases with a relatively low Exhaled Tidal Volume, the non-invasive strategy could be working and intubation delayed. Although there is a role for non-invasive respiratory therapies in the context of COVID-19 ARF, more research is still needed to define the balance of benefits and risks to patients and HCW. Indirectly, non invasive respiratory therapies may be of particular benefit in reducing the risks to healthcare workers by obviating the need for intubation, a potentially highly infectious procedure."}, {"pmid": 32521194, "title": "Anatomising failure: there should be a statutory public inquiry into the UK Government's handling of COVID-19.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Clift, Ashley Kieran"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521194", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311499, "pmcid": "PMC7162784", "title": "Rapid Detection of Asymptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 by Computed Tomography Image Guidance for Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["McGinnis, Gwendolyn J", "Ning, Matthew S", "Nitsch, Paige L", "O'Reilly, Michael S", "McAleer, Mary Frances", "Koong, Albert C", "Chang, Joe Y"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311499", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524445, "title": "Covid-19: automatic detection from X-ray images utilizing transfer learning with convolutional neural networks.", "journal": "Phys Eng Sci Med", "authors": ["Apostolopoulos, Ioannis D", "Mpesiana, Tzani A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524445", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, a dataset of X-ray images from patients with common bacterial pneumonia, confirmed Covid-19 disease, and normal incidents, was utilized for the automatic detection of the Coronavirus\u00a0disease. The aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art convolutional neural network architectures proposed over\u00a0the recent years for medical image classification. Specifically, the procedure called Transfer Learning was adopted. With transfer learning, the detection of various abnormalities in small medical image datasets is an achievable target, often yielding remarkable results. The datasets utilized in this experiment are two. Firstly, a collection of 1427 X-ray images including 224 images with confirmed Covid-19 disease, 700 images with confirmed common bacterial pneumonia, and 504 images of normal conditions. Secondly, a dataset including 224 images with confirmed Covid-19 disease, 714 images with confirmed bacterial and viral pneumonia, and 504 images of normal conditions. The data was collected from the available X-ray images on public medical repositories. The results suggest that Deep Learning\u00a0with X-ray\u00a0imaging may extract significant biomarkers related to the Covid-19 disease, while the best accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity obtained is 96.78%, 98.66%, and 96.46% respectively. Since by now, all diagnostic tests show failure rates such as to raise concerns, the probability of incorporating X-rays into the diagnosis of the disease could be assessed by the medical community, based on the findings, while more research to evaluate the X-ray approach from different aspects may be conducted."}, {"pmid": 32313405, "pmcid": "PMC7167569", "title": "Predicting turning point, duration and attack rate of COVID-19 outbreaks in major Western countries.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiaolei", "Ma, Renjun", "Wang, Lin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313405", "countries": ["Canada", "Italy", "France", "Germany", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we employed a segmented Poisson model to analyze the available daily new cases data of the COVID-19 outbreaks in the six Western countries of the Group of Seven, namely, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, UK and USA. We incorporated the governments' interventions (stay-at-home advises/orders, lockdowns, quarantines and social distancing) against COVID-19 into consideration. Our analysis allowed us to make a statistical prediction on the turning point (the time that the daily new cases peak), the duration (the period that the outbreak lasts) and the attack rate (the percentage of the total population that will be infected over the course of the outbreak) for these countries."}, {"pmid": 32391234, "pmcid": "PMC7205364", "title": "A Hemodialysis Patient with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Alalwan, Adel A", "Taher, Abdulraqeeb", "Alaradi, Ali H"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391234", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus that has spread rapidly, resulting in a worldwide pandemic. Even though end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are particularly susceptible to COVID-19 infection and can develop severe to critical disease, there are limited studies and case reports about COVID-19 in ESRD patients. We report a case of a 63-year-old gentleman with ESRD on regular hemodialysis. We describe the clinical presentation of this patient, the diagnostic process, the laboratory and imaging investigations, as well as the course of treatment. He positively responded\u00a0to a 14-day course of Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Ribavirin, Azithromycin, and Hydroxychloroquine."}, {"pmid": 32385050, "title": "COVID-19 and the Duty to Protect from Communicable Diseases.", "journal": "J Am Acad Psychiatry Law", "authors": ["Ghossoub, Elias", "Newman, William J"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385050", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478700, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Paradigm Change in Global Scientific Research.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Cardenas-Gonzalez, Mariana", "Alvarez-Buylla, Elena R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478700", "countries": ["Mexico"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic has rocked the lives of human beings every-where in ways never imagined, forcing us to question where our civilization is headed. In this article, we explore and discuss scien-tifi c evidence that helps explain recent events in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.COVID-19 is caused by infection with a zoonotic-origin novel virus, SARS-CoV-2, that is genetically close to two coronavirus types iso-lated in bats. The transmission dynamics to humans from the original and intermediary hosts remain poorly understood, but it is highly likely that the SARS-CoV-2 virus infected humans after undergoing an inter-species transfer from bats to an intermediate species, and from there to human beings. Crossing the species barrier is largely fostered by industrial-scale agricultural practices that simplify original ecosystem connections by reducing biodiversity, facilitating the emergence of new infectious diseases. The scientifi c community has played an exemplary role in responding to this global emergency, working to fi nd timely, relevant solutions for governments and society as a whole. We need to take this opportunity to promote a global and open science that delves into the interrelation-ships of the biological, environmental, social and economic dimen-sions of this and other diseases while questioning current modes of production and their impact on the environment, and thus on human health worldwide. Keywords: Coronavirus infections; communicable diseases; zoonoses; ecosystems; technology, industry, and agriculture; pandemics; global health; Mexico."}, {"pmid": 32299796, "title": "Antirheumatic agents in covid-19: is IL-6 the right target?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Capecchi, Pier Leopoldo", "Lazzerini, Pietro Enea", "Volterrani, Luca", "Mazzei, Maria Antonietta", "Rossetti, Barbara", "Zanelli, Giacomo", "Bennett, David", "Bargagli, Elena", "Franchi, Federico", "Cameli, Matteo", "Valente, Serafina", "Cantarini, Luca", "Frediani, Bruno"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299796", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371150, "pmcid": "PMC7194049", "title": "Immediate impact of COVID-19 on transplant activity in the Netherlands.", "journal": "Transpl Immunol", "authors": ["de Vries, A P J", "Alwayn, I P J", "Hoek, R A S", "van den Berg, A P", "Ultee, F C W", "Vogelaar, S M", "Haase-Kromwijk, B J J M", "Heemskerk, M B A", "Hemke, A C", "Nijboer, W N", "Schaefer, B S", "Kuiper, M A", "de Jonge, J", "van der Kaaij, N P", "Reinders, M E J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371150", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented and poses an unparalleled obstacle in the sixty-five year history of organ transplantation. Worldwide, the delivery of transplant care is severely challenged by matters concerning - but not limited to - organ procurement, risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, screening strategies of donors and recipients, decisions to postpone or proceed with transplantation, the attributable risk of immunosuppression for COVID-19 and entrenched health care resources and capacity. The transplant community is faced with choosing a lesser of two evils: initiating immunosuppression and potentially accepting detrimental outcome when transplant recipients develop COVID-19 versus postponing transplantation and accepting associated waitlist mortality. Notably, prioritization of health care services for COVID-19 care raises concerns about allocation of resources to deliver care for transplant patients who might otherwise have excellent 1-year and 10-year survival rates. Children and young adults with end-stage organ disease in particular seem more disadvantaged by withholding transplantation because of capacity issues than from medical consequences of SARS-CoV-2. This report details the nationwide response of the Dutch transplant community to these issues and the immediate consequences for transplant activity. Worrisome, there was a significant decrease in organ donation numbers affecting all organ transplant services. In addition, there was a detrimental effect on transplantation numbers in children with end-organ failure. Ongoing efforts focus on mitigation of not only primary but also secondary harm of the pandemic and to find right definitions and momentum to restore the transplant programs."}, {"pmid": 32455094, "pmcid": "PMC7233195", "title": "Initial evidence on the relationship between the coronavirus pandemic and crime in the United States.", "journal": "Crime Sci", "authors": ["Ashby, Matthew P J"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455094", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic led to substantial changes in the daily activities of millions of Americans, with many businesses and schools closed, public events cancelled and states introducing stay-at-home orders. This article used police-recorded open crime data to understand how the frequency of common types of crime changed in 16 large cities across the United States in the early months of 2020. Seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models of crime in previous years were used to forecast the expected frequency of crime in 2020 in the absence of the pandemic. The forecasts from these models were then compared to the actual frequency of crime during the early months of the pandemic. There were no significant changes in the frequency of serious assaults in public or (contrary to the concerns of policy makers) any change to the frequency of serious assaults in residences. In some cities, there were reductions in residential burglary but little change in non-residential burglary. Thefts of motor vehicles decreased in some cities while there were diverging patterns of thefts from motor vehicles. These results are used to make suggestions for future research into the relationships between the coronavirus pandemic and different crimes."}, {"pmid": 32446798, "pmcid": "PMC7242203", "title": "Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 positive patients with diabetes managed as outpatients.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Shabto, Julie M", "Loerinc, Leah", "O'Keefe, Ghazala A", "O'Keefe, James"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446798", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analyzed disease outcomes for patients with diabetes and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were managed outpatient and followed by the Emory COVID-19 Virtual Outpatient Management Clinic (ECVOMC). The rate of hospitalization for patients with diabetes was double the overall rate of hospitalization for patients in the ECVOMC."}, {"pmid": 32241178, "title": "A dialogue between the editor-in-chief and a deputy editor of a cardiology journal during the coronavirus outbreak: Take-home messages from the Italian experience.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Piepoli, Massimo F", "Emdin, Michele"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241178", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319272, "title": "COVID-19 and cardiovascular disorder.", "journal": "Minerva Cardioangiol", "authors": ["Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319272", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466577, "title": "Early Phylogenetic Diversification of SARS-CoV-2: Determination of Variants and the Effect on Epidemiology, Immunology, and Diagnostics.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Kaden, Rene"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466577", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The phylogenetic clustering of 95 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from the first 3 months of the pandemic reveals insights into the early evolution of the virus and gives first indications of how the variants are globally distributed. Variants might become a challenge in terms of diagnostics, immunology, and effectiveness of drugs. All available whole genome sequence data from the NCBI database (March 16, 2020) were phylogenetically analyzed, and gene prediction as well as analysis of selected variants were performed. Antigenic regions and the secondary protein structure were predicted for selected variants. While some clusters are presenting the same variant with 100% identical bases, other SARS-CoV-2 lineages show a beginning diversification and phylogenetic clustering due to base substitutions and deletions in the genomes. First molecular epidemiological investigations are possible with the results by adding metadata as travelling history to the presented data. The advantage of variants in source tracing can be a challenge in terms of virulence, immune response, and immunological memory. Variants of viruses often show differences in virulence or antigenicity. This must also be considered in decisions like herd immunity. Diagnostic methods might not work if the variations or deletions are in target regions for the detection of the pathogen. One base substitution was detected in a primer binding site."}, {"pmid": 32478565, "title": "Validating QT-Interval Measurement Using the Apple Watch ECG to Enable Remote Monitoring During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Strik, Marc", "Caillol, Theo", "Ramirez, F Daniel", "Abu-Alrub, Saer", "Marchand, Hugo", "Welte, Nicolas", "Ritter, Philippe", "Haissaguerre, Michel", "Ploux, Sylvain", "Bordachar, Pierre"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478565", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426070, "pmcid": "PMC7231488", "title": "Challenges to Neurosurgery During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Tsermoulas, Georgios", "Zisakis, Athanasios", "Flint, Graham", "Belli, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426070", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has presented a massive burden to most health care systems across the globe. The demand for intensive care unit capacity in particular has increased significantly, and hospitals in most affected regions have struggled to cope. The focus of health care activity has shifted to the pandemic, with a negative impact on the management of other conditions. Neurosurgery, like most specialties, has been drastically affected but, arguably, warrants special considerations because many of the treatments required are time-critical. Lack or delay of appropriate intervention may lead, for an individual patient, to permanent neurologic injury and a significant decline in function and quality of life, or even death. In this report, we consider the challenges that neurosurgeons currently face in relation to the pandemic and are likely to face in the foreseeable future. The challenges are multifaceted with practical, ethical, legal, and other implications. These include re-deployment of staff to areas outside neurosurgery, treatment priority setting, ethical decision-making and risk of moral injury, as well as medicolegal risks, financial uncertainties and implications for training, research, and global health work. As well as patients, these challenges will affect neurosurgeons as doctors and as humans. The international neurosurgical community has a moral duty to contribute to the global response to the COVID-19 crisis, but also to retain a duty to care for individual patients."}, {"pmid": 32304834, "pmcid": "PMC7158804", "title": "Risk Communication During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Abrams, Elissa M", "Greenhawt, Matthew"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304834", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the unprecedented times caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019, there is rapidly evolving information and guidance. However, a focus must also be on proper and effective risk communication. This is especially the case during pandemics that have high rates of infection, significant morbidity, lack of therapeutic measures, and rapid increases in cases, all of which apply to the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. A consequence of poor risk communication and heightened risk perception is hoarding behavior, which can lead to lack of medications and personal protective equipment. One potential way to ensure appropriate risk communication is using social media channels, and ensuring an ongoing consistent media presence. Another important step is to include all stakeholders including members of the allergy community in broader public health messaging. As we continue to face unprecedented times in the allergy community, an understanding and appreciation of risk communication will be essential as we communicate with, and inform, our patients, and our colleagues, moving forward."}, {"pmid": 32480009, "pmcid": "PMC7260498", "title": "Rates of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with autoimmune liver diseases in Northern Italy: a telemedicine study.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Rigamonti, Cristina", "Cittone, Micol Giulia", "De Benedittis, Carla", "Rizzi, Eleonora", "Casciaro, Giuseppe Francesco", "Bellan, Mattia", "Sainaghi, Pier Paolo", "Pirisi, Mario"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480009", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295763, "title": "Covid-19: Trump halts WHO funding in move labelled \"petulant\" and \"short sighted\".", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295763", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357976, "title": "Evaluating the national PPE guidance for NHS healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Thomas, John P", "Srinivasan, Anand", "Wickramarachchi, Chandu S", "Dhesi, Parveen K", "Hung, Yat Ma", "Kamath, Ajay V"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357976", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tragically, many of the infections and deaths recorded in the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have occurred in healthcare workers. Some have attributed this to inadequate provision of personal protective equipment (PPE). In the UK, several organisations have voiced their concerns that the national PPE guidance issued by Public Health England is inadequate. Despite recent revisions to these guidelines, concerns remain that they offer insufficient protection to frontline NHS healthcare workers. In this report, we evaluate whether these concerns are merited, through critical appraisal of the available evidence, review of international PPE guidance, and consideration of the ethical implications."}, {"pmid": 32411575, "pmcid": "PMC7221397", "title": "Malnutrition Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists Evidence Analysis Center.", "journal": "J Acad Nutr Diet", "authors": ["Handu, Deepa", "Moloney, Lisa", "Rozga, Mary", "Cheng, Feon"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411575", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent evidence examining adults infected with COVID-19 has indicated a significant impact of malnutrition on health outcomes. Individuals who have multiple comorbidities, are older adults, or who are malnourished are at increased risk of being admitted to the intensive care unit and of mortality from COVID-19 infections. Hence, nutrition care to identify and address malnutrition is critical in treating and preventing further adverse health outcomes from COVID-19 infection. This document provides guidance and practice considerations for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) providing nutrition care for adults with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection in the hospital, outpatient, or homecare settings. In addition, this document discusses and provides considerations for RDNs working with individuals at risk of malnutrition secondary to food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32494896, "pmcid": "PMC7268965", "title": "COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias: a global perspective on arrhythmia characteristics and management strategies.", "journal": "J Interv Card Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Gopinathannair, Rakesh", "Merchant, Faisal M", "Lakkireddy, Dhanunjaya R", "Etheridge, Susan P", "Feigofsky, Suzy", "Han, Janet K", "Kabra, Rajesh", "Natale, Andrea", "Poe, Stacy", "Saha, Sandeep A", "Russo, Andrea M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494896", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cardiovascular and arrhythmic events have been reported in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, arrhythmia manifestations and treatment strategies used in these patients have not been well-described. We sought to better understand the cardiac arrhythmic manifestations and treatment strategies in hospitalized COVID-19 patients through a worldwide cross-sectional survey. The Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) sent an online survey (via SurveyMonkey) to electrophysiology (EP) professionals (physicians, scientists, and allied professionals) across the globe. The survey was active from March 27 to April 13, 2020. A total of 1197 respondents completed the survey with 50% of respondents from outside the USA, representing 76 countries and 6 continents. Of respondents, 905 (76%) reported having COVID-19-positive patients in their hospital. Atrial fibrillation was the most commonly reported tachyarrhythmia whereas severe sinus bradycardia and complete heart block were the most common bradyarrhythmias. Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation arrest and pulseless electrical activity were reported by 4.8% and 5.6% of respondents, respectively. There were 140 of 631 (22.2%) respondents who reported using anticoagulation therapy in all COVID-19-positive patients who did not otherwise have an indication. One hundred fifty-five of 498 (31%) reported regular use of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (HCQ) + azithromycin (AZM); concomitant use of AZM was more common in the USA. Sixty of 489 respondents (12.3%) reported having to discontinue therapy with HCQ + AZM due to significant QTc prolongation and 20 (4.1%) reported cases of Torsade de Pointes in patients on HCQ/chloroquine and AZM. Amiodarone was the most common antiarrhythmic drug used for ventricular arrhythmia management. In this global survey of >\u20091100 EP professionals regarding hospitalized COVID-19 patients, a variety of arrhythmic manifestations were observed, ranging from benign to potentially life-threatening. Observed adverse events related to use of HCQ + AZM included prolonged QTc requiring drug discontinuation as well as Torsade de Pointes. Large prospective studies to better define arrhythmic manifestations as well as the safety of treatment strategies in COVID-19 patients are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32419010, "title": "Anxiety and Morale in Front-Line Healthcare Workers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak at the National Screening Centre in Singapore.", "journal": "Ann Acad Med Singapore", "authors": ["Goh, Serene S N", "Chia, Michael Y C"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419010", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320998, "pmcid": "PMC7182282", "title": "COVID-19 in Brazil: advantages of a socialized unified health system and preparation to contain cases.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Croda, Julio", "Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber de", "Frutuoso, Rodrigo Lins", "Mandetta, Luiz Henrique", "Baia-da-Silva, Djane Clarys", "Brito-Sousa, Jose Diego", "Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo", "Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius Guimaraes"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320998", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported for the first time in Wuhan, China in late December 2019 have rapidly spread to other countries and it was declared on January 30, 2020 as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization. Before the first COVID-19 cases were reported in Brazil, several measures have been implemented including the adjustment of legal framework to carry out isolation and quarantine. As the cases increased significantly, new measures, mainly to reduce mortality and severe cases, have also been implemented. Rapid and robust preparedness actions have been undertaken in Brazil while first cases have not yet been identified in Latin-American. The outcome of this early preparation should be analyzed in future studies."}, {"pmid": 32463212, "title": "Principled decisions and virtuous care: an ethical assessment of the Siaarti guidelines for allocating intensive care resources.", "journal": "Minerva Anestesiol", "authors": ["Sulmasy, Daniel P"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463212", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article sets forth ethical principles for responding to extraordinary circumstances in which the demand for medical care threatens to overwhelms available resources, as in the COVID-19 pandemic. In light of these principles, the author then assesses the ethics of the SIAARTI guidelines for rationing ICU beds and ventilators under such circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32292529, "pmcid": "PMC7129866", "title": "Highlights of traditional Chinese medicine frontline expert advice in the China national guideline for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Integr Med", "authors": ["Ho, Leonard T F", "Chan, Karina K H", "Chung, Vincent C H", "Leung, Ting Hung"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292529", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization has declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic on 11 March 2020, after the number of confirmed cases outside China increased 13-fold. As the epicentre of the initial outbreak, China has been updating the National COVID-19 Diagnostic and Treatment Guideline with up-to-date information about the disease. To facilitate the implementation of integrative Chinese-Western Medicine in COVID-19 management, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been recommended in recent editions of the national guideline. The national guideline summarised the opinions and frontline experience of medical experts across the country to provide by far the best management for COVID-19. We extracted the case definition and clinical classifications of COVID-19 in China along with relevant TCM treatments cited in the seventh edition of the guideline, with an intend to disseminate practical information to TCM practitioners and researchers around the world. We presented the most recent case definition, clinical classifications, and relevant TCM treatments of COVID-19 in accordance to recommendations of the Chinese guideline. TCM treatments are stratified into two groups based on patients' disease status. Four types of Chinese patent medicines are recommended for suspected COVID-19 cases. Several herbal formulae are recommended for confirmed COVID-19 cases according to their clinical classification and TCM pattern diagnoses. Two herbal formulae are also recommended for rehabilitation of recovering cases. To control the waves of COVID-19 outbreak, countries must ensure the adherence of their citizens to local public health measures. Medical professionals should diagnose and treat patients according to up-to-date guidelines. Future evaluation of the outcomes of implementing TCM recommendations will strengthen the evidence base for COVID-19 management for the sake of public health and the internationalisation of TCM."}, {"pmid": 32268019, "title": "[Clinical experience of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in severe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["He, Guojun", "Han, Yijiao", "Fang, Qiang", "Zhou, Jianying", "Shen, Jifang", "Li, Tong", "Pu, Qibing", "Chen, Aijun", "Qi, Zhiyang", "Sun, Lijun", "Cai, Hongliu"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268019", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute respiratory failure due to acute hypoxemia is the major manifestation in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Rational and effective respiratory support is crucial in the management of COVID-19 patients. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been utilized widely due to its superiority over other non-invasive respiratory support techniques. To avoid HFNC failure and intubation delay, the key issues are proper patients, timely application and improving compliance. It should be noted that elder patients are vulnerable for failed HFNC. We applied HFNC for oxygen therapy in severe and critical COVID-19 patients and summarized the following experiences. Firstly, to select the proper size of nasal catheter, to locate it at suitable place, and to confirm the nose and the upper respiratory airway unobstructed. Secondly, an initial flow of 60 L/min and 37\u2103 should be given immediately for patients with obvious respiratory distress or weak cough ability; otherwise, low-level support should be given first and the level gradually increased. Thirdly, to avoid hypoxia or hypoxemia, the treatment goal of HFNC should be maintained the oxygen saturation (SpO2) above 95% for patients without chronic pulmonary disease. Finally, patients should wear a surgical mask during HFNC treatment to reduce the risk of virus transmission through droplets or aerosols."}, {"pmid": 32292837, "pmcid": "PMC7102610", "title": "Running a Radiation Oncology Department at the time of coronavirus: an Italian experience.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Krengli, Marco", "Ferrara, Eleonora", "Mastroleo, Federico", "Brambilla, Marco", "Ricardi, Umberto"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292837", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Starting from Wuhan, China, SARS-CoV-2 has been a catastrophic epidemic involving many countries worldwide. After China, Italy has been heavily affected and severe measures to limit the spread have been taken in the last weeks. Radiation Oncology departments must guarantee optimal cancer treatments even in such a challenging scenario of an ongoing aggressive epidemic. Adopted preventive measures and recommendations are highlighted for patients, professionals and clinical operations to minimize the risk of infection while safely treating cancer patients."}, {"pmid": 32354722, "pmcid": "PMC7211074", "title": "Indications regarding the management of interventional clinical trials with drugs during the current COVID-19 emergency in Italy.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Pinto, Carmine", "Cagnazzo, Celeste"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354722", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220033, "title": "Early antiviral treatment contributes to alleviate the severity and improve the prognosis of patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Wu, J", "Li, W", "Shi, X", "Chen, Z", "Jiang, B", "Liu, J", "Wang, D", "Liu, C", "Meng, Y", "Cui, L", "Yu, J", "Cao, H", "Li, L"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220033", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, the severity of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a focal point. To assess the factors associated with severity and prognosis of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, we retrospectively investigated the clinical, imaging and laboratory characteristics of confirmed 280 cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from 20 January to 20 February 2020. The median age of patients in the mild group was 37.55\u00a0years, whilst that in the severe group was 63.04\u00a0years. The proportion of patients aged over 65\u00a0years in the severe group was significantly higher than that of the mild group (59.04% vs. 10.15%, P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). 85.54% of severe patients had diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, which was significantly higher than that of the mild group (51.81% vs. 7.11%, P\u00a0=\u00a00.025; 33.73% vs. 3.05%, P\u00a0=\u00a00.042). Patients in the mild group experienced earlier initiation of antiviral treatment (1.19\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.45 vs. 2.65\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.06\u00a0days in the severe group, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Our study showed that comorbidity, time from illness onset to antiviral treatment and age >=65 were three major risk factors for COVID-19 progression, whilst comorbidity and time from illness onset to antiviral treatment were two major risk factors for COVID-19 recovery. The elderly and patients with underlying diseases are more likely to experience a severe progression of COVID-19. It is recommended that timely antiviral treatment should be initiated to slow the disease progression and improve the prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32518097, "title": "There is no stopping covid-19 without stopping racism.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Karan, Abraar", "Katz, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518097", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353640, "pmcid": "PMC7128831", "title": "Work in the Time of Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Surg Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Lindsey M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353640", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32252856, "pmcid": "PMC7156560", "title": "Is There a Guarantee That the Crisis of COVID-19 Will not Be Repeated?", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Farnoosh, Gholamreza", "Zarei, Sadegh", "Hosseini Zijoud, Solmaz Sadat", "Hosseini Zijoud, Seyed Reza"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252856", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405191, "pmcid": "PMC7219418", "title": "Unprecedented surge in publications related to COVID-19 in the first three months of pandemic: A bibliometric analytic report.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Kambhampati, Srinivas B S", "Vaishya, Raju", "Vaish, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405191", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398026, "pmcid": "PMC7215129", "title": "Allo-priming as a universal anti-viral vaccine: protecting elderly from current COVID-19 and any future unknown viral outbreak.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Har-Noy, Michael", "Or, Reuven"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398026", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the rationale for a novel allo-priming approach to serve the elderly as a universal anti-virus vaccine, as well serving to remodel the aging immune system in order to reverse immunosenescence and inflammaging. This approach has the potential to protect the most vulnerable from disease and provide society an incalculable economic benefit. Allo-priming healthy elderly adults is proposed to provide universal protection from progression of any type of viral infection, including protection against progression of the current outbreak of COVID-19 infection, and any future variants of the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus or the next 'Disease X'. Allo-priming is an alternative approach for the COVID-19 pandemic that provides a back-up in case vaccination strategies to elicit neutralizing antibody protection fails or fails to protect the vulnerable elderly population. The allo-priming is performed using activated, intentionally mismatched, ex vivo differentiated and expanded living Th1-like cells (AlloStim\u00ae) derived from healthy donors currently in clinical use as an experimental cancer\u00a0vaccine. Multiple intradermal injections of AlloStim\u00ae creates a dominate titer of allo-specific Th1/CTL memory cells in circulation, replacing the dominance of exhausted memory cells of the aged immune system. Upon viral encounter, by-stander activation of the allo-specific memory cells causes an immediate release of IFN-\u03d2, leading to development of an \"anti-viral state\", by-stander activation of innate cellular effector cells and activation of cross-reactive allo-specific CTL. In this manner, the non-specific activation of allo-specific Th1/CTL initiates a cascade of spatial and temporal immune events which act to limit the early viral titer. The release of endogenous heat shock proteins (HSP) and DAMP from lysed viral-infected cells, in the context of IFN-\u03d2, creates of conditions for in situ vaccination leading to viral-specific Th1/CTL immunity. These viral-specific Th1/CTL provide sterilizing immunity and memory for protection from disease recurrence, while increasing the pool of Th1/CTL in circulation capable of responding to the next viral encounter. Allo-priming has potential to provide universal protection from viral disease and is a strategy to reverse immunosenescence and counter-regulate chronic inflammation (inflammaging). Allo-priming can be used as an adjuvant for anti-viral vaccines and as a counter-measure for unknown biological threats and bio-economic terrorism."}, {"pmid": 32271947, "title": "Delivery in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2: A fast review.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Parazzini, Fabio", "Bortolus, Renata", "Mauri, Paola Agnese", "Favilli, Alessandro", "Gerli, Sandro", "Ferrazzi, Enrico"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271947", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few case reports and clinical series exist on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 who delivered. To review the available information on mode of delivery, vertical/peripartum transmission, and neonatal outcome in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. Combination of the following key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and pregnancy in Embase and PubMed databases. Papers reporting cases of women infected with SARS-CoV-2 who delivered. The following was extracted: author; country; number of women; study design; gestational age at delivery; selected clinical maternal data; mode of delivery; selected neonatal outcomes. In the 13 studies included, vaginal delivery was reported in 6 cases (9.4%; 95% CI, 3.5-19.3). Indication for cesarean delivery was worsening of maternal conditions in 31 cases (48.4%; 95% CI, 35.8-61.3). Two newborns testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-PCR assay were reported. In three neonates, SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM levels were elevated but the RT-PCR test was negative. The rate of vertical or peripartum transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is low, if any, for cesarean delivery; no data are available for vaginal delivery. Low frequency of spontaneous preterm birth and general favorable immediate neonatal outcome are reassuring."}, {"pmid": 32044388, "pmcid": "PMC7129349", "title": "Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: Is the genie already out of the bottle?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hanscheid, Thomas", "Valadas, Emilia", "Grobusch, Martin P"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32044388", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434604, "title": "Psychiatric Symptoms Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Neuropsychiatr", "authors": ["Rohde, Christopher", "Hougaard Jefsen, Oskar", "Norremark, Bettina", "Aalkjaer Danielsen, Andreas", "Ostergaard, Soren Dinesen"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434604", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337825, "pmcid": "PMC7267290", "title": "High-immunological risk living donor renal transplant during the COVID-19 outbreak: Uncertainties and ethical dilemmas.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Ho, Quan Yao", "Chung, Shimin J", "Gan, Valerie H L", "Ng, Lay Guat", "Tan, Ban Hock", "Kee, Terence Y S"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337825", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445496, "title": "Body Mass Index, Weight Discrimination, and Psychological, Behavioral, and Interpersonal Responses to the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Sutin, Angelina R", "Robinson, Eric", "Daly, Michael", "Gerend, Mary A", "Stephan, Yannick", "Luchetti, Martina", "Aschwanden, Damaris", "Strickhouser, Jason E", "Lee, Ji Hyun", "Sesker, Amanda A", "Terracciano, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445496", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine whether body mass index (BMI) and weight discrimination are associated with psychological, behavioral, and interpersonal responses to the coronavirus pandemic. Using a prospective design, participants (N=2,094) were first assessed in early February 2020 before the coronavirus crisis in the United States and again in mid-March 2020 during the President's 15 Days to Slow the Spread guidelines. Weight, height, and weight discrimination were assessed in the February survey. Psychological, behavioral, and interpersonal responses to the coronavirus were assessed in the March survey. Pre-pandemic experiences with weight discrimination were associated with greater concerns about the virus, engaging in more preventative behaviors, less trust in people and institutions to manage the outbreak, and greater perceived declines in connection to one's community. BMI tended to be unrelated to these responses. Despite the risks of complications of COVID-19 associated with obesity, individuals with higher BMI were neither more concerned about the virus nor taking more behavioral precautions than individuals in other weight categories. Weight discrimination, in contrast, may heighten vigilance to threat, which may have contributed to both positive (greater concern, more precautionary behavior) and negative (less trust, declines community connection) responses to the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32198190, "title": "Practical laboratory considerations amidst the COVID-19 outbreak: early experience from Singapore.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Tan, Shaun S", "Yan, Benedict", "Saw, Sharon", "Lee, Chun Kiat", "Chong, Ai Teng", "Jureen, Roland", "Sethi, Sunil"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198190", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a zoonotic viral infection originating from Wuhan, China in December 2019. The World Health Organization has classified this pandemic as a global health emergency due to its virulent nature of transmission, which may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Singapore's health ministry has responded with enhanced surveillance of COVID-19 for all suspected pneumonia cases, further increasing the volume of testing via real-time reverse transcription PCR, as well as samples necessitating stringent infectious control. Collectively, this has implications on the total testing process, laboratory operations and its personnel due to biosafety concerns. Turnaround time for routine testing may also be affected. The aim of this article is to present our tertiary institution's early experience with managing this emerging crisis and offer practical considerations for the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical phases of laboratory testing in this cohort of patients."}, {"pmid": 32402329, "pmcid": "PMC7195271", "title": "Novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A lesson from animal coronaviruses.", "journal": "Vet Microbiol", "authors": ["Decaro, Nicola", "Lorusso, Alessio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402329", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic caused by the novel human coronavirus, referrred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), not only is having a great impact on the health care systems and economies in all continents but it is also causing radical changes of common habits and life styles. The novel coronavirus (CoV) recognises, with high probability, a zoonotic origin but the role of animals in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology is still largely unknown. However, CoVs have been known in animals since several decades, so that veterinary coronavirologists have a great expertise on how to face CoV infections in animals, which could represent a model for SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. In the present paper, we provide an up-to-date review of the literature currently available on animal CoVs, focusing on the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the emergence of novel CoV strains with different antigenic, biologic and/or pathogenetic features. A full comprehension of the mechanisms driving the evolution of animal CoVs will help better understand the emergence, spreading, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32382516, "pmcid": "PMC7204648", "title": "Severe COVID-19 infection in pregnancy requiring intubation without preterm delivery: A case report.", "journal": "Case Rep Womens Health", "authors": ["Hong, Leah", "Smith, Nicolina", "Keerthy, Madhurima", "Lee-Griffith, Monica", "Garcia, Robyn", "Shaman, Majid", "Goyert, Gregory"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382516", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) is a global health crisis, but there is limited guidance for the critical care management of pregnant patients experiencing respiratory collapse. We describe our management of a peri-viable pregnant patient requiring intubation; discussion includes pharmacologic interventions, mechanical ventilation adjustments, and consideration of fetal interventions, including delivery timing. A 36-year-old, gravida 2, para 1 woman positive for COVID-19 at 23\u202fweeks of gestation with severe disease required admission to the intensive care unit and intubation. She completed 5\u202fdays of hydroxychloroquine and 7\u202fdays of prednisone. She was successfully intubated after 8\u202fdays and discharged home in a stable condition without preterm delivery on hospital day 11. Fortunately, the patient responded to aggressive respiratory support with intubation and mechanical ventilation early upon presentation. It is unclear whether our institution's empiric use of hydroxychloroquine and prednisone facilitated her recovery. We hope that our report helps other institutions navigate the complex care surrounding pregnant patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring intensive care."}, {"pmid": 32329915, "pmcid": "PMC7264566", "title": "Acute urticaria with pyrexia as the first manifestations of a COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["van Damme, C", "Berlingin, E", "Saussez, S", "Accaputo, O"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329915", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298462, "pmcid": "PMC7262340", "title": "The Utah model: mental bandwidth and strategic risk generation in COVID-19 airway management.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Runnels, S", "Ferranti, D", "Davis, A N", "Pollard, J"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298462", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366034, "title": "COVID-19: Present and Future Challenges for Dental Practice.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Odeh, Najla Dar", "Babkair, Hamzah", "Abu-Hammad, Shaden", "Borzangy, Sary", "Abu-Hammad, Abdalla", "Abu-Hammad, Osama"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366034", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, with a high fatality rate that may reach 8%. The disease is caused by SARS-CoV-2 which is one of the coronaviruses. Realizing the severity of outcomes associated with this disease and its high rate of transmission, dentists were instructed by regulatory authorities, such as the American Dental Association, to stop providing treatment to dental patients except those who have emergency complaints. This was mainly for protection of dental healthcare personnel, their families, contacts, and their patients from the transmission of virus, and also to preserve the much-needed supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE). Dentists at all times should competently follow cross-infection control protocols, but particularly during this critical time, they should do their best to decide on the emergency cases that are indicated for dental treatment. Dentists should also be updated on how this pandemic is related to their profession in order to be well oriented and prepared. This overview will address several issues concerned with the COVID-19 pandemic that directly relate to dental practice in terms of prevention, treatment, and orofacial clinical manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32229647, "title": "COVID-19: An Unintended Force for Medical Revolution?", "journal": "J Invasive Cardiol", "authors": ["Wang, Xiaowen", "Bhatt, Deepak L"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229647", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32035028, "pmcid": "PMC7154514", "title": "Genome Composition and Divergence of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Originating in China.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Wu, Aiping", "Peng, Yousong", "Huang, Baoying", "Ding, Xiao", "Wang, Xianyue", "Niu, Peihua", "Meng, Jing", "Zhu, Zhaozhong", "Zhang, Zheng", "Wang, Jiangyuan", "Sheng, Jie", "Quan, Lijun", "Xia, Zanxian", "Tan, Wenjie", "Cheng, Genhong", "Jiang, Taijiao"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035028", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An in-depth annotation of the newly discovered coronavirus (2019-nCoV) genome has revealed differences between 2019-nCoV and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or SARS-like coronaviruses. A systematic comparison identified 380 amino acid substitutions between these coronaviruses, which may have caused functional and pathogenic divergence of 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32497397, "title": "Psychophysical olfactory testing in COVID-19: is smell function really impaired in nearly all patients?", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Marino-Sanchez, Franklin", "Santamaria, Alfonso", "de Los Santos, Gonzalo", "Alobid, Isam", "Mullol, Joaquim"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497397", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447523, "pmcid": "PMC7245508", "title": "Harnessing the power of novel animal-free test methods for the development of COVID-19 drugs and vaccines.", "journal": "Arch Toxicol", "authors": ["Busquet, Francois", "Hartung, Thomas", "Pallocca, Giorgia", "Rovida, Costanza", "Leist, Marcel"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447523", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19-inducing virus, SARS-CoV2, is likely to remain a threat to human health unless efficient drugs or vaccines become available. Given the extent of the current pandemic (people in over one hundred countries infected) and its disastrous effect on world economy (associated with limitations of human rights), speedy drug discovery is critical. In this situation, past investments into the development of new (animal-free) approach methods (NAM) for drug safety, efficacy, and quality evaluation can be leveraged. For this, we provide an overview of repurposing ideas to shortcut drug development times. Animal-based testing would be too lengthy, and it largely fails, when a pathogen is species-specific or if the desired drug is based on specific features of human biology. Fortunately, industry has already largely shifted to NAM, and some public funding programs have advanced the development of animal-free technologies. For instance, NAM can predict genotoxicity (a major aspect of carcinogenicity) within days, human antibodies targeting virus epitopes can be generated in molecular biology laboratories within weeks, and various human cell-based organoids are available to test virus infectivity and the biological processes controlling them. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has formed an expert group to pave the way for the use of such approaches for accelerated drug development. This situation illustrates the importance of diversification in drug discovery strategies and clearly shows the shortcomings of an approach that invests 95% of resources into a single technology (animal experimentation) in the face of challenges that require alternative approaches."}, {"pmid": 32503593, "pmcid": "PMC7274070", "title": "Admission decisions to intensive care units in the context of the major COVID-19 outbreak: local guidance from the COVID-19 Paris-region area.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Azoulay, Elie", "Beloucif, Sadek", "Guidet, Bertrand", "Pateron, Dominique", "Vivien, Benoit", "Le Dorze, Matthieu"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503593", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic unprecedented in size, spread, severity, and mortality. The influx of patients with severe or life-threatening disease means that in some cases, the available medical resources are not sufficient to meet the needs of all patients. Hence, healthcare providers may be forced to make difficult choices about which patients should be referred to the ICU. This document is intended to provide conceptual support to all healthcare teams currently engaged in the frontline management of the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to assist physicians in the decision-making process for ICU admission and to help them provide uninterrupted and high-quality care."}, {"pmid": 32359226, "title": "COVID-19 and Neonatal Respiratory Care: Current Evidence and Practical Approach.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Shalish, Wissam", "Lakshminrusimha, Satyanarayana", "Manzoni, Paolo", "Keszler, Martin", "Sant'Anna, Guilherme M"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359226", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has urged the development and implementation of guidelines and protocols on diagnosis, management, infection control strategies, and discharge planning. However, very little is currently known about neonatal COVID-19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Thus, many questions arise with regard to respiratory care after birth, necessary protection to health care workers (HCW) in the delivery room and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and safety of bag and mask ventilation, noninvasive respiratory support, deep suctioning, endotracheal intubation, and mechanical ventilation. Indeed, these questions have created tremendous confusion amongst neonatal HCW. In this manuscript, we comprehensively reviewed the current evidence regarding COVID-19 perinatal transmission, respiratory outcomes of neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 and infants with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the evidence for using different respiratory support modalities and aerosol-generating procedures in this specific population. The results demonstrated that to date, neonatal COVID-19 infection is uncommon, generally acquired postnatally, and associated with favorable respiratory outcomes. The reason why infants display a milder spectrum of disease remains unclear. Nonetheless, the risk of severe or critical illness in young patients exists. Currently, the recommended respiratory approach for infants with suspected or confirmed infection is not evidence based but should include all routinely used types of support, with the addition of viral filters, proper personal protective equipment, and placement of infants in isolation rooms, ideally with negative pressure. As information is changing rapidly, clinicians should frequently watch out for updates on the subject. KEY POINTS: \u00b7 Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic urged development of guidelines.. \u00b7 Neonatal COVID-19 disease is uncommon.. \u00b7 Respiratory outcomes in neonates seems favorable.. \u00b7 Current neonatal respiratory care should continue.. \u00b7 Clinicians should watch frequently for updates.."}, {"pmid": 32282268, "pmcid": "PMC7157960", "title": "Emergence of Novel Coronavirus and COVID-19: whether to stay or die out?", "journal": "Crit Rev Microbiol", "authors": ["Biswas, Asim", "Bhattacharjee, Uttaran", "Chakrabarti, Alok Kumar", "Tewari, Devendra Nath", "Banu, Hasina", "Dutta, Shanta"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282268", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The last century has witnessed several assaults from RNA viruses, resulting in millions of death throughout the world. The 21st century appears no longer an exception, with the trend continued with escalated fear of SARS coronavirus in 2002 and further concern of influenza H5N1 in 2003. A novel influenza virus created the first pandemic of the 21st century, the pandemic flu in 2009 preceded with the emergence of another deadly virus, MERS-CoV in 2012. A novel coronavirus \"SARS-CoV-2\" (and the disease COVID-19) emerged suddenly, causing a rapid outbreak with a moderate case fatality rate. This virus is continuing to cause health care providers grave concern due to the lack of any existing immunity in the human population, indicating their novelty and lack of previous exposure. The big question is whether this novel virus will be establishing itself in an endemic form or will it eventually die out? Endemic viruses during circulation may acquire mutations to infect na\u00efve, as well as individual with pre-existing immunity. Continuous monitoring is strongly advisable, not only to the newly infected individuals, but also to those recovered individuals who were infected by SARS-CoV-2 as re-infection may lead to the selection of escape mutants and subsequent dissemination to the population."}, {"pmid": 32334905, "pmcid": "PMC7164904", "title": "[Management of a radiotherapy center during the COVID-19 outbreak: The experience of the Mulhouse hospital centre (France)].", "journal": "Cancer Radiother", "authors": ["Ohnleiter, T", "Piot, L", "Rogenmuser, A", "Noirclerc, M", "Hamlaoui, R", "Grandgirard, A"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334905", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19\u00a0outbreak grows exponentially in our country. Despite most of patients develops benign symptoms, cancer patients are at risk of a severe form of the disease. Radiotherapy centres are a potential contamination place due to the number of patients treated and staff present. Their organization during the outbreak period aims to ensure continuity of care while limiting the risk of death from COVID-19. In the radiotherapy department of Mulhouse hospital (France), we pointed five points out: protection of medical and paramedical staff, protection of patients undergoing treatment, detection of patients suspected of being infected by SARS-CoV-2\u00a0and their management, reorganization of the patient circuit and measures regarding the quality management. This reflection, which began at the beginning of the outbreak in our city, allows us to preserve the access to radiotherapy treatments by anticipating the risk of spreading the virus. Through biweekly meetings, we continue to adapt to the epidemic in our department, considering our material resources. The ability to perform diagnostic tests in all suspect patients would also allow us to refine our procedures."}, {"pmid": 32497254, "title": "Leading a COVID-19 cohort ward without blades: a surgeon's perspectives.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Chia, C L K"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497254", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514195, "pmcid": "PMC7265946", "title": "Amesh Adalja: taking pandemic preparation seriously.", "journal": "Bull World Health Organ", "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514195", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amesh Adalja talks to Gary Humphreys about pandemic preparedness and the challenges posed by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32496230, "title": "Science, policy, people, and public health: What Is COVID-19 teaching us?", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Krishnan, Anand", "Dasgupta, Rajib"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496230", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226946, "pmcid": "PMC7086482", "title": "COVID-19: a novel zoonotic disease caused by a coronavirus from China: what we know and what we don't.", "journal": "Microbiol Aust", "authors": ["Mackenzie, John S", "Smith, David W"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226946", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229297, "pmcid": "PMC7102528", "title": "Lessons Learned During the COVID-19 Virus Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Sterpetti, Antonio V"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229297", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497963, "pmcid": "PMC7248636", "title": "COVID-19 and applications of smartphone technology in the current pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Iyengar, Karthikeyan", "Upadhyaya, Gaurav K", "Vaishya, Raju", "Jain, Vijay"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497963", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With restrictions on face to face clinical consultations in the COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges faced by health care systems in delivering patient care, alternative information technologies like telemedicine and smartphone are playing a key role. We assess the role and applications of smartphone technology as an extension of telemedicine in provide continuity of care to our patients and surveillance during the current COVID-19 pandemic. We have done a comprehensive review of the literature using suitable keywords on the search engines of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Research Gate in the first week of May 2020. Through the published literature on this topic, we discuss role, common applications and its support in extended role of telemedicine technology in several aspects of current COVID-19 pandemic. Smartphone technology on its own and as extension of telemedicine has significant applications in the current COVID-19 pandemic. As the smartphone technology further evolves with fifth generation cellular network expansion, it is going to play a key role in future of health medicine, patient referral, consultation, ergonomics and many other extended applications of health care."}, {"pmid": 32364441, "pmcid": "PMC7215092", "title": "Don't judge too RAShly: the multifaceted role of the renin-angiotensin system and its therapeutic potential in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Walther, Thomas", "Kuebler, Wolfgang M"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364441", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412531, "pmcid": "PMC7221226", "title": "COVID-19 and the state of food security in Africa.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Mukiibi, Edward"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363349, "pmcid": "PMC7195905", "title": "Moral Injury in Times of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Health Serv Psychol", "authors": ["Williams, Roger D", "Brundage, Jessica A", "Williams, Erin B"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363349", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care providers are facing increased risk of moral distress during the COVID-19 pandemic because of changes in clinical practice and resource allocation procedures. Health care systems that employ a proactive approach in mitigating the lasting effects of moral distress will fare better in the long run. Psychologists are well poised to apply timely psychological first aid to the crisis needs of patients, colleagues, and even themselves. Key interventions are detailed, including creating and promoting safety, calmness, connectedness, self-efficacy, and hope."}, {"pmid": 32446559, "pmcid": "PMC7200376", "title": "Stability of RNA sequences derived from the coronavirus genome in human cells.", "journal": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun", "authors": ["Wakida, Hiroyasu", "Kawata, Kentaro", "Yamaji, Yuta", "Hattori, Emi", "Tsuchiya, Takaho", "Wada, Youichiro", "Ozaki, Haruka", "Akimitsu, Nobuyoshi"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446559", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most viruses inhibit the innate immune system and/or the RNA degradation processes of host cells to construct an advantageous intracellular environment for their survival. Characteristic RNA sequences within RNA virus genomes or RNAs transcribed from DNA virus genomes contribute toward this inhibition. In this study, we developed a method called \"Fate-seq\" to comprehensively identify the RNA sequences derived from RNA and DNA viruses, contributing RNA stability in the cells. We examined the stabilization activity of 5,924 RNA fragments derived from 26 different viruses (16 RNA viruses and 10 DNA viruses) using next-generation sequencing of these RNAs fused 3' downstream of GFP reporter RNA. With the Fate-seq approach, we detected multiple virus-derived RNA sequences that stabilized GFP reporter RNA, including sequences derived from severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Comparative genomic analysis revealed that these RNA sequences and their predicted secondary structures are highly conserved between SARS-CoV and the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for the global outbreak of the coronavirus-associated disease that emerged in December 2019 (COVID-19). These sequences have the potential to enhance the stability of viral RNA genomes, thereby augmenting viral replication efficiency and virulence."}, {"pmid": 32364358, "title": "The diagnostic value of rapid anti IgM and IgG detecting tests in the identification of patients with SARS CoV-2 virus infection", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Vasarhelyi, Barna", "Kristof, Katalin", "Ostorhazi, Eszter", "Szabo, Dora", "Prohaszka, Zoltan", "Merkely, Bela"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364358", "countries": ["China", "Hungary"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction: At the end of March, 2020, rapid tests detecting the presence of antiviral IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus were introduced in Hungary for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19 disease). Aim: We evaluated two rapid tests (Anhui and Clungene) in comparison with those of real-time PCR tests considered as the gold standard in the detection of infection. Method: Between 16, March and 14, April, 2020, we performed rapid IgM and IgG detecting tests without PCR; PCR without rapid tests; and PCR WITH rapid tests in 4140, 3210 and 1654 patients, respectively. (Out of these 1654 patients, Anhui and Clungene tests were used for testing in 625 and 1029 patients, respectively.) Patients were considered as positive in PCR and rapid tests when PCR positivity and IgM or IgG positivity occurred at any time, respectively. (Note: Clungene test is also marketed as 'Lungene'.) Results: The prevalence of PCR positivity in 4864 patients tested with PCR was 6.3%. The sensitivity and specificity of Anhui and Clungene tests were 33.3% and 72.85%, and 35.48% and 85.02%, respectively. At 6% PCR positivity, the positive and negative predictive values of Anhui and Clungene were 7.28%, 94.48%, 13.13%, and 95.38%, respectively. Conclusion: The low positive predictive values indicate that Anhui and Clungene rapid tests detecting the presence of anti-IgM and anti-IgG against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection are not suitable for screening SARS-CoV-2 v\u00edrus infection in the general population. These results strongly support that Anhui and Clungene rapid tests detecting IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus should not be used in the differential diagnosis of infection. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(20): 807-812."}, {"pmid": 32357273, "pmcid": "PMC7267294", "title": "A catabolic state in a kidney transplant recipient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Billah, Marzuq", "Santeusanio, Andrew", "Delaney, Veronica", "Cravedi, Paolo", "Farouk, Samira S"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357273", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380034, "pmcid": "PMC7198208", "title": "COVID-19 puts societies to the test.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["The Lancet Public Health"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380034", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227120, "pmcid": "PMC7184406", "title": "Acute pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 pneumonia: a random association?", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Danzi, Gian Battista", "Loffi, Marco", "Galeazzi, Gianluca", "Gherbesi, Elisa"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227120", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367861, "title": "Bronchoalveolar specimen can help detect COVID-19 in suspicious case with negative PCR for nasopharyngeal specimen test.", "journal": "Lung India", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367861", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445692, "pmcid": "PMC7239629", "title": "Attacks against health-care personnel must stop, especially as the world fights COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["McKay, Donna", "Heisler, Michele", "Mishori, Ranit", "Catton, Howard", "Kloiber, Otmar"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445692", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344025, "pmcid": "PMC7194938", "title": "Point of View of the Dutch Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy on Surgery during the Coronavirus 2019 Crisis.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Radder, Celine", "de Leeuw, Robert", "Coppus, Sjors"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325036, "pmcid": "PMC7172833", "title": "Two Middle East respiratory syndrome vaccines: first step for other coronavirus vaccines?", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Modjarrad, Kayvon", "Kim, Jerome H"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325036", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338050, "title": "Prof Gita Ramjee- untimely snatched from the world by Covid-19 - a Tribute.", "journal": "AIDS Care", "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338050", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282955, "pmcid": "PMC7262401", "title": "Flattening the Curve by Getting Ahead of It: How the VA Healthcare System Is Leveraging Telehealth to Provide Continued Access to Care for Rural Veterans.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Myers, Ursula S", "Birks, Anna", "Grubaugh, Anouk L", "Axon, R Neal"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282955", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399261, "pmcid": "PMC7204939", "title": "COVID-19: time for paradigm shift in the nexus between local, national and global health.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Paul, Elisabeth", "Brown, Garrett W", "Ridde, Valery"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399261", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32191174, "pmcid": "PMC7081861", "title": "2019-nCoV: The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool Applied to a Novel Emerging Coronavirus.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Koenig, Kristi L", "Bey, Christian K", "McDonald, Eric C"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191174", "countries": ["China", "Australia", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging infectious disease closely related to MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV that was first reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. As of January 2020, cases of 2019-nCoV are continuing to be reported in other Eastern Asian countries as well as in the United States, Europe, Australia, and numerous other countries. An unusually high volume of domestic and international travel corresponding to the beginning of the 2020 Chinese New Year complicated initial identification and containment of infected persons. Due to the rapidly rising number of cases and reported deaths, all countries should be considered at risk of imported 2019-nCoV. Therefore, it is essential for prehospital, clinic, and emergency department personnel to be able to rapidly assess 2019-nCoV risk and take immediate actions if indicated. The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool, originally conceived for the initial detection and management of Ebola virus and later adjusted for other infectious agents, can be adapted for any emerging infectious disease. This paper reports a modification of the 3I Tool for use in the initial detection and management of patients under investigation for 2019-nCoV. After initial assessment for symptoms and epidemiological risk factors, including travel to affected areas and exposure to confirmed 2019-nCoV patients within 14 days, patients are classified in a risk-stratified system. Upon confirmation of a suspected 2019-nCoV case, affected persons must immediately be placed in airborne infection isolation and the appropriate public health agencies notified. This modified 3I Tool will assist emergency and primary care clinicians, as well as out-of-hospital providers, in effectively managing persons with suspected or confirmed 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32448377, "pmcid": "PMC7245626", "title": "Stem cell therapy: a potential approach for treatment of influenza virus and coronavirus-induced acute lung injury.", "journal": "Stem Cell Res Ther", "authors": ["Du, Jiang", "Li, Han", "Lian, Jie", "Zhu, Xinxing", "Qiao, Liang", "Lin, Juntang"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448377", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute lung injury (ALI), an increasingly devastating human disorder, is characterized by a multitude of lung changes arising from a wide variety of lung injuries. Viral infection is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in ALI and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. In particular, influenza virus, coronavirus, and other respiratory viruses circulate in nature in various animal species and can cause severe and rapidly spread human infections. Although scientific advancements have allowed for rapid progress to be made to understand the pathogenesis and develop therapeutics after each viral pandemic, few effective methods to treat virus-induced ALI have been described. Recently, stem cell therapy has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases, including ALI. In this review, we detail the present stem cell-based therapeutics for lung injury caused by influenza virus and the outlook for the future state of stem cell therapy to deal with emerging influenza and coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32246972, "pmcid": "PMC7214862", "title": "Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation: Possible method for respirator disinfection to facilitate reuse during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Hamzavi, Iltefat H", "Lyons, Alexis B", "Kohli, Indermeet", "Narla, Shanthi", "Parks-Miller, Angela", "Gelfand, Joel M", "Lim, Henry W", "Ozog, David M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246972", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441876, "title": "Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis secondary to COVID-19 infection: A case report.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Mayor-Ibarguren, A", "Feito-Rodriguez, M", "Quintana Castanedo, L", "Ruiz-Bravo, E", "Montero Vega, D", "Herranz-Pinto, P"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441876", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a case of an 83-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, transient ischemic attack (TIA), atrial fibrillation, chronic renal impairment presented to our dermatology emergency room on April 9, 2020, for evaluation of purple palpable papules and serohaematic blisters on both her lower legs, feet and toes that had appeared 5 days earlier (Figure 1)."}, {"pmid": 32222763, "pmcid": "PMC7184477", "title": "COVID-19 is a disease of older people.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Le Couteur, David G", "Anderson, Rozalyn M", "Newman, Anne B"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222763", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298645, "pmcid": "PMC7151249", "title": "Neonatal COVID-19: little evidence and the need for more information.", "journal": "J Pediatr (Rio J)", "authors": ["Procianoy, Renato Soibelmann", "Silveira, Rita C", "Manzoni, Paolo", "Sant'Anna, Guilherme"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298645", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32290850, "pmcid": "PMC7155152", "title": "How to transform a general hospital into an \"infectious disease hospital\" during the epidemic of COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["He, Hongli", "Hu, Caiying", "Xiong, Nian", "Liu, Cheng", "Huang, Xiaobo"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333243, "pmcid": "PMC7182092", "title": "Slum Health: Arresting COVID-19 and Improving Well-Being in Urban Informal Settlements.", "journal": "J Urban Health", "authors": ["Corburn, Jason", "Vlahov, David", "Mberu, Blessing", "Riley, Lee", "Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira", "Rashid, Sabina Faiz", "Ko, Albert", "Patel, Sheela", "Jukur, Smurti", "Martinez-Herrera, Eliana", "Jayasinghe, Saroj", "Agarwal, Siddharth", "Nguendo-Yongsi, Blaise", "Weru, Jane", "Ouma, Smith", "Edmundo, Katia", "Oni, Tolu", "Ayad, Hany"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The informal settlements of the Global South are the least prepared for the pandemic of COVID-19 since basic needs such as water, toilets, sewers, drainage, waste collection, and secure and adequate housing are already in short supply or non-existent. Further, space constraints, violence, and overcrowding in slums make physical distancing and self-quarantine impractical, and the rapid spread of an infection highly likely. Residents of informal settlements are also economically vulnerable during any COVID-19 responses. Any responses to COVID-19 that do not recognize these realities will further jeopardize the survival of large segments of the urban population globally. Most top-down strategies to arrest an infectious disease will likely ignore the often-robust social groups and knowledge that already exist in many slums. Here, we offer a set of practice and policy suggestions that aim to (1) dampen the spread of COVID-19 based on the latest available science, (2) improve the likelihood of medical care for the urban poor whether or not they get infected, and (3) provide economic, social, and physical improvements and protections to the urban poor, including migrants, slum communities, and their residents, that can improve their long-term well-being. Immediate measures to protect residents of urban informal settlements, the homeless, those living in precarious settlements, and the entire population from COVID-19 include the following: (1) institute informal settlements/slum emergency planning committees in every urban informal settlement; (2) apply an immediate moratorium on evictions; (3) provide an immediate guarantee of payments to the poor; (4) immediately train and deploy community health workers; (5) immediately meet Sphere Humanitarian standards for water, sanitation, and hygiene; (6) provide immediate food assistance; (7) develop and implement a solid waste collection strategy; and (8) implement immediately a plan for mobility and health care. Lessons have been learned from earlier pandemics such as HIV and epidemics such as Ebola. They can be applied here. At the same time, the opportunity exists for public health, public administration, international aid, NGOs, and community groups to innovate beyond disaster response and move toward long-term plans."}, {"pmid": 32409441, "title": "COVID-19 and your rheumatology patients.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Calabrese, Cassandra"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409441", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a sense of unease in the rheumatology community about the risk to patients with immune-mediated diseases, given their predisposition to infection due to underlying disease states and immunosuppressive therapies. Thus far, there have been few cases of COVID-19 reported in patients with immune-mediated diseases and there have been no formal guidelines released on the management of patients with immune-mediated diseases in the setting of COVID-19. Results of clinical trials and data from the Global Rheumatology Alliance registry are eagerly awaited to gain further insight into the impact of this novel infection on our vulnerable patient population."}, {"pmid": 32450774, "title": "A call to research: the relationship between SARS-2-CoV, ACE 2 and antihypertensives.", "journal": "Pathog Glob Health", "authors": ["Cassone, Antonio", "Gucciardo, Donatella", "Cauda, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450774", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461213, "title": "Changing admission patterns in paediatric emergency departments during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Scaramuzza, Andrea", "Tagliaferri, Francesco", "Bonetti, Lorenza", "Soliani, Martina", "Morotti, Francesco", "Bellone, Simonetta", "Cavalli, Claudio", "Rabbone, Ivana"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461213", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450201, "pmcid": "PMC7243754", "title": "Side effects of ruxolitinib in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Two case reports.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Gaspari, Valeria", "Zengarini, Corrado", "Greco, Sonia", "Vangeli, Valeria", "Mastroianni, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450201", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409520, "title": "Probable congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection in a neonate born to a woman with active SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Kirtsman, Maksim", "Diambomba, Yenge", "Poutanen, Susan M", "Malinowski, Ann K", "Vlachodimitropoulou, Evangelia", "Parks, W Tony", "Erdman, Laura", "Morris, Shaun K", "Shah, Prakesh S"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409520", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32139299, "pmcid": "PMC7126646", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: Transmission dynamics and clinical characteristics.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Cao, Qing", "Chen, Yi-Ching", "Chen, Chyi-Liang", "Chiu, Cheng-Hsun"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32139299", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436441, "title": "Anosmia Is a Key Symptom of COVID-19 Infection and Should Be Used as a Diagnostic Tool.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Barillari, Maria Rosaria", "Jouffe, Lionel", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436441", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on observations described in our letter, we can draw the following conclusions: (1) anosmia must imperatively be added to the list of specific symptoms of COVID-19 infection, (2) anosmia can serve as a free and specific diagnostic tool for developing countries currently affected by the pandemic, (3) the mechanisms of COVID-19 anosmia seem not to directly involve nasal obstruction but rather seem to be related to damage the olfactory neuroepithelium."}, {"pmid": 32422440, "pmcid": "PMC7205725", "title": "Drought and COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the WHO.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Bellizzi, S", "Panu Napodano, C M", "Fiamma, M", "Ali Maher, O"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422440", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278364, "pmcid": "PMC7158941", "title": "COVID-19 and risks to the supply and quality of tests, drugs, and vaccines.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Newton, Paul N", "Bond, Katherine C"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278364", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501306, "pmcid": "PMC7247971", "title": "Masters of disasters? Challenges and opportunities for SMEs in times of crisis.", "journal": "J Bus Res", "authors": ["Eggers, Fabian"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of every economy. So, when an external crisis jeopardizes markets, such as the recent COVID-19 outbreak, SMEs are hit with great force. Their so-called liability of smallness, a lack of resources that would shield them from outside shocks, worsens the situation. This manuscript conducts a literature study on 69 manuscripts that studied SMEs in previous crises and proposes ways to overcome economic downturns in the areas of finance, strategy and the institutional environment. The paper finds a \"strategy/funding chicken-and-egg-problem\" and proposes an effectual world view when dealing with situations of great uncertainty."}, {"pmid": 32274630, "pmcid": "PMC7145274", "title": "Inpatient and outpatient case prioritization for patients with neuro-oncologic disease amid the COVID-19 pandemic: general guidance for neuro-oncology practitioners from the AANS/CNS Tumor Section and Society for Neuro-Oncology.", "journal": "J Neurooncol", "authors": ["Ramakrishna, Rohan", "Zadeh, Gelareh", "Sheehan, Jason P", "Aghi, Manish K"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274630", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus pandemic has created unprecedented strain on medical resources at health care institutions around the world. At many institutions, this has resulted in efforts to prioritize cases with an attempt to balance the acuity of medical needs with available resources. Here, we provide a framework for institutions and governments to help adjudicate treatment allocations to patients with neuro-oncologic disease."}, {"pmid": 32508009, "title": "Thalidomide combined with low-dose short-term glucocorticoid in the treatment of critical Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Chen, Chengshui", "Qi, Feng", "Shi, Keqing", "Li, Yuping", "Li, Ji", "Chen, Yongping", "Pan, Jingye", "Zhou, Tieli", "Lin, Xiangyang", "Zhang, Jinsan", "Luo, Yongde", "Li, Xiaokun", "Xia, Jinglin"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508009", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405135, "pmcid": "PMC7218400", "title": "[COVID-19 AND XXI CENTURY PULMONOLOGY: CHALLENGE OR OPPORTUNITY?]", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Barreiro, Esther", "Jimenez, Carlos", "de Pedro, Julia Garcia", "Prieto, Maria Teresa Ramirez"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405135", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32134381, "pmcid": "PMC7258467", "title": "Lack of Vertical Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Yang", "Zhao, Ruihong", "Zheng, Shufa", "Chen, Xu", "Wang, Jinxi", "Sheng, Xiaoli", "Zhou, Jianying", "Cai, Hongliu", "Fang, Qiang", "Yu, Fei", "Fan, Jian", "Xu, Kaijin", "Chen, Yu", "Sheng, Jifang"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32134381", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A woman with coronavirus disease in her 35th week of pregnancy delivered an infant by cesarean section in a negative-pressure operating room. The infant was negative for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2. This case suggests that mother-to-child transmission is unlikely for this virus."}, {"pmid": 32507661, "title": "Neurosurgical Service Coverage During the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: The \"Battle Plan\" at the University of South of Florida Affiliate Hospitals.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Noureldine, Mohammad Hassan A", "Pressman, Elliot", "Greenberg, Mark S", "Agazzi, Siviero", "van Loveren, Harry", "Alikhani, Puya"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507661", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353327, "pmcid": "PMC7185945", "title": "What does it mean to be made vulnerable in the era of COVID-19?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Ahmad, Ayesha", "Chung, Ryoa", "Eckenwiler, Lisa", "Ganguli-Mitra, Agomoni", "Hunt, Matthew", "Richards, Rebecca", "Saghai, Yashar", "Schwartz, Lisa", "Scully, Jackie Leach", "Wild, Verina"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353327", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237972, "pmcid": "PMC7232632", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 and Future Emerging Viruses on Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Other Cellular Therapies.", "journal": "Stem Cells Dev", "authors": ["Broxmeyer, Hal E", "Parker, Graham C"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237972", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437768, "pmcid": "PMC7206428", "title": "A report from the Brescia Renal COVID Task Force on the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of hemodialysis patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Alberici, Federico", "Delbarba, Elisa", "Manenti, Chiara", "Econimo, Laura", "Valerio, Francesca", "Pola, Alessandra", "Maffei, Camilla", "Possenti, Stefano", "Lucca, Bernardo", "Cortinovis, Roberta", "Terlizzi, Vincenzo", "Zappa, Mattia", "Sacca, Chiara", "Pezzini, Elena", "Calcaterra, Eleonora", "Piarulli, Paola", "Guerini, Alice", "Boni, Francesca", "Gallico, Agnese", "Mucchetti, Alberto", "Affatato, Stefania", "Bove, Sergio", "Bracchi, Martina", "Costantino, Ester Maria", "Zubani, Roberto", "Camerini, Corrado", "Gaggia, Paola", "Movilli, Ezio", "Bossini, Nicola", "Gaggiotti, Mario", "Scolari, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437768", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is pressuring healthcare systems worldwide. Disease outcomes in certain subgroups of patients are still scarce, and data are needed. Therefore, we describe here the experience of four dialysis centers of the Brescia Renal COVID Task Force. During March 2020, within an overall population of 643 hemodialysis patients, SARS-CoV-2 RNA positivity was detected in 94 (15%). At disease diagnosis, 37 of the 94 (39%) patients (group 1) were managed on an outpatient basis, whereas the remaining 57 (61%) (group 2) required hospitalization. Choices regarding management strategy were made based on disease severity. In group 1, 41% received antivirals and 76% hydroxychloroquine. Eight percent died and 5% developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In group 2, 79% received antivirals and 77% hydroxychloroquine. Forty two percent died and 79% developed ARDS. Overall mortality rate for the entire cohort was 29%. History of ischemic cardiac disease, fever, older age (over age 70), and dyspnea at presentation were associated with the risk of developing ARDS, whereas fever, cough and a C-reactive protein higher than 50 mg/l at disease presentation were associated with the risk of death. Thus, in our population of hemodialysis patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, we documented a wide range of disease severity. The risk of ARDS and death is significant for patients requiring hospital admission at disease diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32289099, "pmcid": "PMC7129745", "title": "IDM editorial statement on the 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Shao, Yiming", "Wu, Jianhong"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289099", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437642, "pmcid": "PMC7234780", "title": "Prevalence of obesity among adult inpatients with COVID-19 in France.", "journal": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "authors": ["Caussy, Cyrielle", "Pattou, Francois", "Wallet, Florent", "Simon, Chantal", "Chalopin, Sarah", "Telliam, Charlene", "Mathieu, Daniel", "Subtil, Fabien", "Frobert, Emilie", "Alligier, Maud", "Delaunay, Dominique", "Vanhems, Philippe", "Laville, Martine", "Jourdain, Merce", "Disse, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437642", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445134, "pmcid": "PMC7243216", "title": "COVID-19 Disease and Ophthalmology: An Update.", "journal": "Ophthalmol Ther", "authors": ["Amesty, Maria A", "Alio Del Barrio, Jorge L", "Alio, Jorge L"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide outbreak of the severe and acute respiratory coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the coronavirus strain SARS-CoV-2 is currently the focal point of discussion due to the suffering this syndrome is causing to humanity. However, the ophthalmological implications of this syndrome has not yet been well described. Both eyes and tears as portals of entry and sources of contagion have been the subject of debate by many authors. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence currently available on COVID-19 and its ocular implications and manifestations, in both animals and humans, with the aim to facilitate prevention and educate the ophthalmological community on this subject. A review of the literature revealed that the results of some studies suggest that ocular symptoms commonly appear in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and that it is possible to isolate the virus from the conjunctival sac of these patients. Conjunctivitis is not a common manifestation of the disease, but contact with infected eyes could be one route of transmission. Consequently, ophthalmologists need to have correct prevention strategies in place. Some guidelines regarding the prevention and management of ophthalmology clinics are reviewed. However, well-designed trials should be conducted to rule out other ocular manifestations that may result from COVID-19 infection and to understand the transmission of the virus through the eyes."}, {"pmid": 32426072, "pmcid": "PMC7233202", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Two Perspectives on the COVID-19 Pandemic Nobody Is Talking About-and It's Costing Lives.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Spiotta, Alejandro M", "Crosa, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273624, "title": "Why daily death tolls have become unusually important in understanding the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Subbaraman, Nidhi"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273624", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357070, "title": "Reinforcing Cardiology Training During a Pandemic: An Open Letter to Our Leaders.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Dineen, Elizabeth H", "Hsu, Jeffrey J", "Saeed, Anum"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357070", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184131, "pmcid": "PMC7154506", "title": "Comparison of clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as experienced in Taiwan.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Su, Yu-Jang", "Lai, Yen-Chun"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184131", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462929, "title": "Psychosocial Stress Contagion in Children and Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Pediatr (Phila)", "authors": ["Liu, Cindy H", "Doan, Stacey N"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462929", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474884, "pmcid": "PMC7260451", "title": "Are patients with rheumatologic diseases on chronic immunosuppressive therapy at lower risk of developing severe symptoms when infected with COVID-19?", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Vakil-Gilani, Kiana", "O'Rourke, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474884", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329026, "pmcid": "PMC7179792", "title": "Study of SARS-CoV-2 in semen and urine samples of a volunteer with positive naso-pharyngeal swab.", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Paoli, D", "Pallotti, F", "Colangelo, S", "Basilico, F", "Mazzuti, L", "Turriziani, O", "Antonelli, G", "Lenzi, A", "Lombardo, F"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329026", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent appearance of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan in 2019 has started a pandemic which has involved over a million people worldwide. A matter of debate is the possible viral detection in different body fluids than respiratory droplets. Thus, we evaluated the possible presence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen and urine samples of a volunteer with confirmed COVID-19. A 31-year-old man with fever, myalgia, anosmia, and ageusia was tested and found positive for SARS-CoV-2 through a pharyngeal swab. Eight days after he provided semen and urine samples in which viral RNA presence was measured using a Real time RT PCR system (RealStar SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, Altona Diagnostics) targeting E and S viral genes. Semen and urine samples search for SARS-CoV-2 RNA was negative. Although this should be interpreted cautiously, it may be possible that either the viral clearance kinetics in these matrices matches the progressive clinical recovery of the patient or that the virus was never present in these fluids at the time of the laboratory diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32313660, "pmcid": "PMC7167584", "title": "A short review on antibody therapy for COVID-19.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Kumar, Govindarajan Venkat", "Jeyanthi, Venkadapathi", "Ramakrishnan, Saminathan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313660", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The beginning of the novel SARS-CoV-2 human coronavirus in Wuhan, China, has triggered a worldwide respiratory disease outbreak (COVID-19). By April 07, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has affected more than 1.36 million people worldwide and caused more than 75,900 deaths. To date, the anti-malaria drug hydroxychloroquine found to be a treatment option for SARS-CoV-2. In addition to supportive treatment, such as oxygen supply in moderate cases and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill patients, unique medications for this condition are also under investigation. Here we reviewed the antibody therapy might be an immediate strategy for emergency prophylaxis and SARS-CoV-2 therapy."}, {"pmid": 32479239, "title": "Racism In My Medical Education.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Ko, Michelle"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479239", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An Asian American physician calls for more diversity and a commitment to health equity in US medical schools."}, {"pmid": 32310190, "title": "Coronavirus drugs: Using plasma from recovered patients as a treatment for COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Risk Saf Med", "authors": ["Alzoughool, Foad", "Alanagreh, Lo'ai"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310190", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has infected nearly 3,582,233 individuals with 248,558 deaths since it was first identified in human populations in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. No antiviral therapies or vaccines are available for their treatment or prevention. Passive immunization PI through broadly neutralizing antibodies that bind to the specific antigens of SARS-CoV 2 might be a potential solution to address the immediate health threat of COVID-19 pandemic while vaccines are being developed. The PI approach in treating COVID-19 is discussed herein, including a summary of its historical applications to confront epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32245769, "title": "Managing clinical trials for covid-19: the importance of ethics committees.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Luo, Qiankun", "Qin, Tao"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245769", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409297, "pmcid": "PMC7234867", "title": "How we treat patients with lung cancer during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Provencio, Mariano", "Ruano-Ravina, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409297", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507407, "title": "COVID 19-An eye on the virus.", "journal": "Cont Lens Anterior Eye", "authors": ["Cho, Pauline", "Boost, Maureen"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507407", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308266, "pmcid": "PMC7147498", "title": "Molecular docking and dynamics simulation of FDA approved drugs with the main protease from 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Bioinformation", "authors": ["Odhar, Hasanain Abdulhameed", "Ahjel, Salam Waheed", "Albeer, Ali A Mohammed Ali", "Hashim, Ahmed Fadhil", "Rayshan, Ali Mahmood", "Humadi, Suhad Sami"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308266", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Design and development of an effective drug to combat the 2019 novel coronavirus remains a challenge. Therefore, it is of interest to study the binding features of 1615 FDA approved drugs with the recently known 2019-nCoV main protease structure having high sequence homology with that from SARS-CoV. We document the binding features of top 10 drugs with the target protein. We further report that Conivaptan and Azelastine are mainly involved in hydrophobic interactions with active site residues. Both drugs can maintain close proximity to the binding pocket of main protease during simulation. However, these data need further in vitro and in vivo evaluation to repurpose these two drugs against 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 31962139, "pmcid": "PMC7134450", "title": "Preparedness and proactive infection control measures against the emerging novel coronavirus in China.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Cheng, V C C", "Wong, S-C", "To, K K W", "Ho, P L", "Yuen, K-Y"], "date": "2020-01-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31962139", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523933, "pmcid": "PMC7279906", "title": "Diaphragmatic Rupture and Gastric Perforation in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Poggiali, Erika", "Vercelli, Andrea", "Demichele, Elena", "Ioannilli, Eva", "Magnacavallo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523933", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the case of a young female patient admitted to our emergency department during the Italian COVID-19 epidemic, for fever and dry cough associated with symptoms of gastric reflux over the previous 5 days. Lung ultrasound showed diffuse bilateral B lines with irregular pleural thickening, and consolidation with air bronchogram and slight pleural effusion in the lower left lobe. Chest HRCT and abdominal CT scanning with contrast revealed diaphragmatic rupture with gastric perforation, and atelectasis of the left pulmonary lobe with unilateral pleural effusion, diffuse ground-glass opacities and multiple small consolidations in both lobes. A nasopharyngeal swab for 2019-nCoV was positive. A diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture and gastric perforation in COVID-19 pneumonia was made. The patient was immediately hospitalized and surgically treated. Treatment for COVID-19 and empiric antibiotic therapy were promptly started. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause fever, dry cough and acute respiratory failure.Cough can result in several complications, including rupture of the diaphragm and abdominal herniation.CT scanning is the gold standard technique to investigate COVID-19 pneumonia and diaphragmatic rupture."}, {"pmid": 32485487, "pmcid": "PMC7255285", "title": "Burnout and somatic symptoms among frontline healthcare professionals at the peak of the Italian COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Barello, Serena", "Palamenghi, Lorenzo", "Graffigna, Guendalina"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485487", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is among the most severely hit nations in terms of hospital patients' overload, and its healthcare workforce is struggling to cope with challenges that could threaten their own wellbeing. In this scenario, understanding the health-related consequences of COVID-19 outbreak on Italian frontline healthcare professionals is urgent. Our study provides a first account of the huge psycho-physical impact of COVID-19 outbreak for healthcare workers in Italy. Italian healthcare professionals reported relevant work-related psychological pressure, emotional burnout and somatic symptoms. This result requires attention as previous studies showed that emotional distress is associated with long-lasting effect on professionals' health, including risk of post-traumatic stress disorder."}, {"pmid": 32278005, "pmcid": "PMC7141624", "title": "Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective study.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Ji, Dong", "Qin, Enqiang", "Xu, Jing", "Zhang, Dawei", "Cheng, Gregory", "Wang, Yudong", "Lau, George"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278005", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283268, "pmcid": "PMC7146662", "title": "Novel Approach to Reduce Transmission of COVID-19 During Tracheostomy.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Foster, Peter", "Cheung, Tiffany", "Craft, Patrick", "Baran, Kelsey", "Kryskow, Mark", "Knowles, Ross", "Toia, Alyssa", "Galvez, Christian", "Bowling, Adam", "DiSiena, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283268", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334862, "pmcid": "PMC7164907", "title": "[COVID-19: Clinical, biological and radiological characteristics in adults, infants and pregnant women. An up-to-date review at the heart of the pandemic].", "journal": "Rev Med Interne", "authors": ["Placais, L", "Richier, Q"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334862", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, discovered in China in January 2020, led to a pandemic as early as March 2020, forcing every health care system in the affected countries to adapt quickly. In order to better address this major health crisis, which has given rise to numerous scientific publications, we have synthesized the main original clinical studies to facilitate the day-to-day management of patients with COVID-19. We detail the early signs and progression of the disease as well as the different clinical forms, including extra-pulmonary, as known at the beginning of this pandemic. We focus on clinical, biological and CT markers predictive of severity or mortality. Finally, we discuss the impact of SARS-CoV-2\u00a0infection in populations suspected to be at high risk of severe forms."}, {"pmid": 32302723, "pmcid": "PMC7194524", "title": "Preparedness for COVID-19 infection prevention in Korea: a single-centre experience.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Kim, Y J", "Jeong, Y J", "Kim, S H", "Kim, Y J", "Lee, S Y", "Kim, T Y", "Choi, M S", "Ahn, J H"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302723", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383550, "title": "Advanced head and neck surgery training during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Givi, Babak", "Moore, Michael G", "Bewley, Arnaud F", "Coffey, Charles S", "Cohen, Marc A", "Hessel, Amy C", "Jalisi, Scharukh", "Kang, Steven", "Newman, Jason G", "Puscas, Liana", "Shindo, Maisie", "Shuman, Andrew", "Thakkar, Punam", "Weed, Donald T", "Chalian, Ara"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383550", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted medical training. Here we assess its effect on head and neck surgical education. Surveys were sent to current accredited program directors and trainees to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the fellow's experience and employment search. Current fellows' operative logs were compared with those of the 2018 to 2019 graduates. Despite reduction in operative volume, 82% of current American Head and Neck Society fellows have reached the number of major surgical operations to support certification. When surveyed, 86% of program directors deemed their fellow ready to enter practice. The majority of fellows felt prepared to practice ablative (96%), and microvascular surgery (73%), and 57% have secured employment to follow graduation. Five (10%) had a pending job position put on hold due to the pandemic. Despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, current accredited trainees remain well-positioned to obtain proficiency and enter the work-force."}, {"pmid": 32276333, "pmcid": "PMC7177594", "title": "Development of a Novel, Genome Subtraction-Derived, SARS-CoV-2-Specific COVID-19-nsp2 Real-Time RT-PCR Assay and Its Evaluation Using Clinical Specimens.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Ho, Chi-Chun", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chan, Helen Shuk-Ying", "Wong, Sally Cheuk-Ying", "Leung, Kit-Hang", "Fung, Agnes Yim-Fong", "Ng, Anthony Chin-Ki", "Zou, Zijiao", "Tam, Anthony Raymond", "Chung, Tom Wai-Hin", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin", "Tsui, Stephen Kwok Wing", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276333", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic novel coronavirus infection, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has affected at least 190 countries or territories, with 465,915 confirmed cases and 21,031 deaths. In a containment-based strategy, rapid, sensitive and specific testing is important in epidemiological control and clinical management. Using 96 SARS-CoV-2 and 104 non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus genomes and our in-house program, GolayMetaMiner, four specific regions longer than 50 nucleotides in the SARS-CoV-2 genome were identified. Primers were designed to target the longest and previously untargeted nsp2 region and optimized as a probe-free real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The new COVID-19-nsp2 assay had a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.8 TCID50/mL and did not amplify other human-pathogenic coronaviruses and respiratory viruses. Assay reproducibility in terms of cycle threshold (Cp) values was satisfactory, with the total imprecision (% CV) values well below 5%. Evaluation of the new assay using 59 clinical specimens from 14 confirmed cases showed 100% concordance with our previously developed COVID-19-RdRp/Hel reference assay. A rapid, sensitive, SARS-CoV-2-specific real-time RT-PCR assay, COVID-19-nsp2, was developed."}, {"pmid": 32507690, "title": "Thoracic surgeons' insights: Improving thoracic surgery outcomes during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Chen, Ke-Neng", "Gao, Shugeng", "Liu, Lunxu", "He, Jianxing", "Jiang, Ge-Ning", "He, Jie"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507690", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501455, "pmcid": "PMC7252041", "title": "Down Syndrome and COVID-19: A Perfect Storm?", "journal": "Cell Rep Med", "authors": ["Espinosa, Joaquin M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501455", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "People with Down syndrome show signs of chronic immune dysregulation, including a higher prevalence of autoimmune disorders, increased rates of hospitalization during respiratory viral infections, and higher mortality rates from pneumonia and sepsis. At the molecular and cellular levels, they show markers of chronic autoinflammation, including interferon hyperactivity, elevated levels of many inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and changes in diverse immune cell types reminiscent of inflammatory conditions observed in the general population. However, the impact of this immune dysregulation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and CoV disease of 2019 (COVID-19) remains unknown. This Perspective outlines why individuals with Down syndrome should be considered an at-risk population for severe COVID-19. Specifically, the immune dysregulation caused by trisomy 21 may result in an exacerbated cytokine release syndrome relative to that observed in the euploid population, thus justifying additional monitoring and specialized care for this vulnerable population."}, {"pmid": 32503333, "title": "A Visual Approach for the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) Outbreak Data Analysis.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Hua, Jie", "Wang, Guohua", "Huang, Maolin", "Hua, Shuyang", "Yang, Shuanghe"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503333", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Virus outbreaks are threats to humanity, and coronaviruses are the latest of many epidemics in the last few decades in the world. SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Associated Coronavirus) is a member of the coronavirus family, so its study is useful for relevant virus data research. In this work, we conduct a proposed approach that is non-medical/clinical, generate graphs from five features of the SARS outbreak data in five countries and regions, and offer insights from a visual analysis perspective. The results show that prevention measures such as quarantine are the most common control policies used, and areas with strict measures did have fewer peak period days; for instance, Hong Kong handled the outbreak better than other areas. Data conflict issues found with this approach are discussed as well. Visual analysis is also proved to be a useful technique to present the SARS outbreak data at this stage; furthermore, we are proceeding to apply a similar methodology with more features to future COVID-19 research from a visual analysis perfective."}, {"pmid": 32360322, "title": "Mobile phones represent a pathway for microbial transmission: A scoping review.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Olsen, Matthew", "Campos, Mariana", "Lohning, Anna", "Jones, Peter", "Legget, John", "Bannach-Brown, Alexandra", "McKirdy, Simon", "Alghafri, Rashed", "Tajouri, Lotti"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360322", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mobile phones have become an integral part of modern society. As possible breeding grounds for microbial organisms, these constitute a potential global public health risk for microbial transmission. Scoping review of literature examining microbial's presence on mobile phones in both health care (HC) and community settings. A search (PubMed&GoogleScholar) was conducted from January 2005-December 2019 to identify English language studies. Studies were included if samples from mobile phones were tested for bacteria, fungi, and/or viruses; and if the sampling was carried out in any HC setting, and/or within the general community. Any other studies exploring mobile phones that did not identify specific microorganisms were excluded. A total of 56 studies were included (from 24 countries). Most studies identified the presence of bacteria (54/56), while 16 studies reported the presence of fungi. One study focused solely on RNA viruses. Staphylococcus aureus, and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci were the most numerous identified organisms present on mobile phones. These two species and Escherichia coli were present in over a third of studies both in HC and community samples. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Acinetobacter sp., and Bacillus sp. were present in over a third of the studies in HC settings. While this scoping review of literature regarding microbial identification on mobile phones in HC and community settings did not directly address the issue of SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19, this work exposes the possible role of mobile phones as a 'Trojan horse' contributing to the transmission of microbial infections in epidemics and pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32463338, "title": "The COVID-19 pand-ECMO-ic.", "journal": "Perfusion", "authors": ["Toomasian, John"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463338", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420521, "pmcid": "PMC7199914", "title": "Clozapine is strongly associated with the risk of pneumonia and inflammation.", "journal": "Gen Psychiatr", "authors": ["de Leon, Jose", "Ruan, Can-Jun", "Verdoux, Helene", "Wang, Chuanyue"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420521", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinicians need to remember that (1) systemic inflammations can increase clozapine level; (2) clozapine, by itself, can cause inflammation, particularly during titration that is too rapid for that patient; (3) clozapine may increase the risk of infection; and (4) more specifically, clozapine may be particularly strongly associated with the risk of pneumonia. Pneumonia appears to be associated with high mortality in clozapine patients around the world. Clinicians who are alert to the risk of pneumonia in clozapine patients may significantly decrease mortality in clozapine patients. There is no data on COVID-19 infections in clozapine patients, but based on what we know about clozapine pharmacology, we can hypothesise that clozapine, possibly by impairing immunological mechanisms, may increase the risk of pneumonia in infected patients. More importantly, once fever and/or pneumonia develops, the clozapine dose should be cut in half to decrease the risk of clozapine intoxication. If there is any doubt that in spite of halving the dose there are still signs of clozapine intoxication, completely stopping clozapine may be indicated. Once the signs of inflammation and fever have disappeared, the clozapine dose can be increased to the prior dosage level."}, {"pmid": 32450412, "pmcid": "PMC7236750", "title": "Far from the eyes, close to the heart: Psychological Impact of COVID-19 in a Sample of Italian foreign workers.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Barbato, Mariapaola", "Thomas, Justin"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450412", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452539, "title": "COVID-19 under spotlight: A close look at the origin, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of the 2019-nCoV disease.", "journal": "J Cell Physiol", "authors": ["Sheervalilou, Roghayeh", "Shirvaliloo, Milad", "Dadashzadeh, Nahid", "Shirvalilou, Sakine", "Shahraki, Omolbanin", "Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi, Younes", "Ghaznavi, Habib", "Khoei, Samideh", "Nazarlou, Ziba"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452539", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Months after the outbreak of a new flu-like disease in China, the entire world is now in a state of caution. The subsequent less-anticipated propagation of the novel coronavirus disease, formally known as COVID-19, not only made it to headlines by an overwhelmingly high transmission rate and fatality reports, but also raised an alarm for the medical community all around the globe. Since the causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, is a recently discovered species, there is no specific medicine for downright treatment of the infection. This has led to an unprecedented societal fear of the newly born disease, adding a psychological aspect to the physical manifestation of the virus. Herein, the COVID-19 structure, epidemiology, pathogenesis, etiology, diagnosis, and therapy have been reviewed."}, {"pmid": 32313873, "pmcid": "PMC7164906", "title": "How to manage lymphoid malignancies during novel 2019 coronavirus (CoVid-19) outbreak: a Brazilian task force recommendation.", "journal": "Hematol Transfus Cell Ther", "authors": ["Perini, Guilherme Fleury", "Fischer, Thais", "Gaiolla, Rafael Dezen", "Rocha, Talita Bueno", "Bellesso, Marcelo", "Teixeira, Larissa Lane Cardoso", "Delamain, Marcia Torresan", "Scheliga, Adriana Alves de Souza", "Ribeiro, Glaciano Nogueira", "Neto, Jorge Vaz", "Baiocchi, Otavio Cesar Carvalho Guimaraes", "Abdo, Andre Neder Ramires", "Arrais-Rodrigues, Celso", "Fogliatto, Laura M", "Bigni, Ricardo de Sa", "Schaffel, Rony", "Biasoli, Irene", "Pereira, Juliana", "Nabhan, Samir Kanaan", "Souza, Carmino Antonio de", "Chiattone, Carlos Sergio"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313873", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus (CoVid-19) outbreak is now consider a world pandemic, affecting more than 1,300,000 people worldwide. Cancer patients are in risk for severe disease, including a higher risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for invasive ventilation or death. Management of patients with lymphoid malignancies can be challenging during the outbreak, due to need of multiple hospital visits and admissions, immunosuppression and need for chemotherapy, radiotherapy and stem cell transplantation. In this article, we will focus on the practical management of patients with lymphoid malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on minimizing the risk for patients."}, {"pmid": 32520629, "title": "Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on health-care workers.", "journal": "Hosp Pract (1995)", "authors": ["Harrison, Darren", "Muradali, Komal", "El Sahly, Hana", "Bozkurt, Biykem", "Jneid, Hani"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520629", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302533, "pmcid": "PMC7156244", "title": "Taking care of older patients with cancer in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Mourey, Loic", "Falandry, Claire", "de Decker, Laure", "Boulahssass, Rabia", "Carola, Elisabeth", "Bengrine Lefevre, Leila", "Cudennec, Tristan", "Brain, Etienne", "Paillaud, Elena", "Soubeyran, Pierre"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302533", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145190, "pmcid": "PMC7129165", "title": "Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Zhang, Chao", "Shi, Lei", "Wang, Fu-Sheng"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145190", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32142596, "pmcid": "PMC7162219", "title": "Machine Learning, COVID-19 (2019-nCoV), and multi-OMICS.", "journal": "Cytometry A", "authors": ["Tarnok, Attila"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142596", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145714, "title": "[Analysis of the pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 in Hubei Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, L", "Jiang, Y", "Wei, M", "Cheng, B H", "Zhou, X C", "Li, J", "Tian, J H", "Dong, L", "Hu, R H"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145714", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To study the effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes and neonatal prognosis in Hubei Province. Method: s A retrospective comparison of the pregnancy outcomes was done between 16 women with COVID-19 and 45 women without COVID-19. Also, the results of laboratory tests, imaging examinations, and the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid test were performed in 10 cases of neonatal delivered from women with COVID-19. Result: s (1) Of the 16 pregnant women with COVID-19, 15 cases were ordinary type and 1 case was severe type. No one has progressed to critical pneumonia.The delivery method of the two groups was cesarean section, and the gestational age were (38.7\u00b11.4) and (37.9\u00b11.6) weeks,there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Also, there wee no significant differences in the intraoperative blood loss and birth weight of the newborn between the two groups (all P>0.05). (2) Ten cases of neonates delivered from pregnant women with COVID-19 were collected. The 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test were all negative.There were no significant differences in fetal distress, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, preterm birth, and neonatal asphyxia between the two groups (all P>0.05).(3) In the treatment of uterine contraction fatigue, carbetocin or carboprost tromethamine was used more in cesarean section for pregnant women with COVID-19 (1.3\u00b10.6), compared with Non-COVID-19 group (0.5\u00b10.7),the difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). Conclusions: If there is an indication for obstetric surgery or critical illness of COVID-19 in pregnant women, timely termination of pregnancy will not increase the risk of premature birth and asphyxia of the newborn, but it is beneficial to the treatment and rehabilitation of maternal pneumonia. Preventive use of long-acting uterotonic agents could reduce the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage during surgery. 2019-nCoV infection has not been found in neonates delivered from pregnant women with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32499220, "title": "Protecting hard-won gains for mothers and newborns in low-income and middle-income countries in the face of COVID-19: call for a service safety net.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Graham, Wendy Jane", "Afolabi, Bosede", "Benova, Lenka", "Campbell, Oona Maeve Renee", "Filippi, Veronique", "Nakimuli, Annettee", "Penn-Kekana, Loveday", "Sharma, Gaurav", "Okomo, Uduak", "Valongueiro, Sandra", "Waiswa, Peter", "Ronsmans, Carine"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499220", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199478, "pmcid": "PMC7156226", "title": "Offline: COVID-19-a reckoning.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199478", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32029435, "title": "Coronavirus: doctor who faced backlash from police after warning of outbreak dies.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32029435", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213335, "pmcid": "PMC7270510", "title": "COVID-19 and medical education.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ahmed, Hanad", "Allaf, Mohammed", "Elghazaly, Hussein"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213335", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420946, "title": "COVID-19 and food allergy in children.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["D'Auria, Enza", "Anania, Caterina", "Cuomo, Barbara", "Decimo, Fabio", "Indirli, Giovanni Cosimo", "Mastrorilli, Violetta", "Santoro, Angelica", "Sartorio, Marco U A", "Veronelli, Elisabetta", "Caffarelli, Carlo", "Marseglia, Gian Luigi", "Calvani, Mauro", "Food Allergy Study Group, The Italian Society Of Pediatric Allergy And Immunology Siaip"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420946", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In children with food allergy the visits should be limited to those that are unequivocally needed on clinical basis. Food challenge can be performed in selected situations, taking a more detailed history to make sure that patients provide whatever information we need. The maintenance of a safe diet can be hampered by several factors. Nutritional supplementation may be necessary."}, {"pmid": 32297935, "pmcid": "PMC7188139", "title": "Travel restrictions and infectious disease outbreaks.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Vaidya, Ria", "Herten-Crabb, Asha", "Spencer, Julia", "Moon, Suerie", "Lillywhite, Louis"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297935", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A key purpose of the International Health Regulations (IHR) is to prevent unwarranted interruptions to trade and travel during large and/or transnational infectious disease outbreaks. Nevertheless, such outbreaks continue to disrupt the travel industry. This aspect of the IHR has received little attention in the academic literature despite its considerable impact on affected States and commercial activity. This article outlines the challenges and gaps in knowledge regarding the relationship between outbreaks and the travel sector and discusses the opportunities for further research and policy work to overcome these challenges. We conducted a literature review on the relationship between outbreaks and travel restrictions, with a particular focus on the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. This review was complemented by an expert roundtable at Chatham House and further supported by case studies and qualitative interviews. Numerous travel stakeholders are affected by, and affect, large-scale infectious disease outbreaks. These stakeholders react in different ways: peer pressure plays an important role for both governments and the travel sector, and the reactions of the media and public influence and are influenced by these stakeholders. While various data sources on travel are available, and World Health Organization is mandated to work with States, there is no recognized coordinating body to disseminate timely, consistent, reliable and authoritative information and best practices to all stakeholders. This article highlights the interdependent relationship between various travel stakeholders. The reasons for interruption of travel during the 2014-16 Ebola outbreak were complex, with decisions by States only partly contributing to the cessation. Decisions by non-state actors, particularly the travel industry itself, contributed significantly and were based on a variety of factors. Further research, analysis and policy development are required to mitigate the health and economic consequences of infectious disease outbreaks. Any further research will also need to take account of COVID-19 travel-related issues."}, {"pmid": 32455485, "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak in dermatologic surgery: resetting clinical priorities.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Rossi, Elena", "Trakatelli, Myrto", "Giacomelli, Luca", "Ferrari, Barbara", "Francomano, Mariangela", "Pellacani, Giovanni", "Magnoni, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455485", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emilia-Romagna was one of the Italian regions mostly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures were taken to slow the COVID-19 outbreak. All routine activities in Modena hospitals were suspended; however, urgent procedures were still to be performed. Setting the priority of procedures in oncological dermatology in the COVID-19 era is challenging."}, {"pmid": 32241756, "title": "Fighting covid-19 outbreaks in prisons.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Yang, Hong", "Thompson, Julian R"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311865, "title": "Prevention of exposure and dispersion of COVID-19 using air purifiers: challenges and concerns.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "authors": ["Ham, Seunghon"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311865", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 is now a pandemic. The Korean government has declared the highest infectious-disease alert as a 'red' and the World Health Organization (WHO) has announced the highest level (Phase 6). Control of COVID-19 is an unprecedented worldwide public health problem that governments and individuals must overcome. Recently, infection cluster occurred in a call center located in Seoul. The Ministry of Employment and Labor has decided to support call center companies use the cost of installing partitions, air purifiers, hand sanitizers and masks to prevent droplet and aerosol infections. Air purifiers are expected to be installed on the floor and exhaust stayed on the higher level such as desk or breathing zone of worker. When a worker coughs or releases droplets near a colleague's respiratory system, the droplets can spread throughout the call center space through the air flow. If there is only one infected person, there is a chance that the infection cluster will increase. Installation of air purifiers may cause new problems, so the control to prevent infection should not lead to a new infection. Therefore, using the air purifier to control the COVID-19 should be approached with caution."}, {"pmid": 32251934, "pmcid": "PMC7138175", "title": "Acute leukemia in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Leuk Res", "authors": ["Gavillet, Mathilde", "Carr Klappert, Jeanette", "Spertini, Olivier", "Blum, Sabine"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251934", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294289, "pmcid": "PMC7262050", "title": "Venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Porfidia, Angelo", "Pola, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294289", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530458, "title": "Health Care Policy After the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Fuchs, Victor R"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530458", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374899, "pmcid": "PMC7267553", "title": "To test or not to test? An opportunity to restart dentistry sustainably in \"COVID-19 era\".", "journal": "Int Endod J", "authors": ["Giudice, Amerigo", "Antonelli, Alessandro", "Bennardo, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374899", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345343, "pmcid": "PMC7186945", "title": "COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Kotfis, Katarzyna", "Williams Roberson, Shawniqua", "Wilson, Jo Ellen", "Dabrowski, Wojciech", "Pun, Brenda T", "Ely, E Wesley"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345343", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2-causing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), emerged as a public health threat in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Delirium, a dangerous untoward prognostic development, serves as a barometer of systemic injury in critical illness. The early reports of 25% encephalopathy from China are likely a gross underestimation, which we know occurs whenever delirium is not monitored with a valid tool. Indeed, patients with COVID-19 are at accelerated risk for delirium due to at least seven factors including (1) direct central nervous system (CNS) invasion, (2) induction of CNS inflammatory mediators, (3) secondary effect of other organ system failure, (4) effect of sedative strategies, (5) prolonged mechanical ventilation time, (6) immobilization, and (7) other needed but unfortunate environmental factors including social isolation and quarantine without family. Given early insights into the pathobiology of the virus, as well as the emerging interventions utilized to treat the critically ill patients, delirium prevention and management will prove exceedingly challenging, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). The main focus during the COVID-19 pandemic lies within organizational issues, i.e., lack of ventilators, shortage of personal protection equipment, resource allocation, prioritization of limited mechanical ventilation options, and end-of-life care. However, the standard of care for ICU patients, including delirium management, must remain the highest quality possible with an eye towards long-term survival and minimization of issues related to post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). This article discusses how ICU professionals (e.g., physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, pharmacologists) can use our knowledge and resources to limit the burden of delirium on patients by reducing modifiable risk factors despite the imposed heavy workload and difficult clinical challenges posed by the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32401410, "pmcid": "PMC7261985", "title": "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis after COVID-19 treatment with hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Litaiem, Noureddine", "Hajlaoui, Khaoula", "Karray, Manel", "Slouma, Maroua", "Zeglaoui, Faten"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401410", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531352, "pmcid": "PMC7280818", "title": "Importance of the evaluation of systemic microvascular flow and reactivity in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 - COVID-19.", "journal": "Microvasc Res", "authors": ["Tibirica, Eduardo", "De Lorenzo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531352", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amidst the pandemic that has mesmerized the entire world, as it has not spared anyone according to any specific characteristic, some conditions have, in fact, emerged as risk factors for a complicated evolution of COVID-19. Older age, cardiovascular disease including hypertension, diabetes and pulmonary disease, have been associated with more severe presentations and/or adverse prognosis. In this letter to the editor, we propose that the link between cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and the higher incidence and worse prognosis of COVID-19 patients is the (micro) vascular endothelium."}, {"pmid": 32486844, "title": "Covid-19 and Diabetes in Hawaii.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Melish, John S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486844", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520639, "title": "Response to Kim et al. re: \"Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Treatment for Severe COVID-19\".", "journal": "Stem Cells Dev", "authors": ["Sengupta, Vikram", "Sengupta, Sascha", "Lazo, Angel , Jr", "Hicok, Kevin C", "Moseley, Timothy"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520639", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409818, "pmcid": "PMC7239241", "title": "Unmasking the Actual COVID-19 Case Count.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kou, S C", "Yang, Shihao", "Chang, Chia-Jung", "Ho, Teck-Hua", "Graver, Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409818", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This report presents a novel approach to estimate the number of COVID-19 cases, including undocumented infections, in the US, by combining CDC's influenza-like illness surveillance data with aggregated prescription data. We estimated that the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in the US by April 4 was above 2.5 million."}, {"pmid": 32029004, "pmcid": "PMC7003341", "title": "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version).", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Jin, Ying-Hui", "Cai, Lin", "Cheng, Zhen-Shun", "Cheng, Hong", "Deng, Tong", "Fan, Yi-Pin", "Fang, Cheng", "Huang, Di", "Huang, Lu-Qi", "Huang, Qiao", "Han, Yong", "Hu, Bo", "Hu, Fen", "Li, Bing-Hui", "Li, Yi-Rong", "Liang, Ke", "Lin, Li-Kai", "Luo, Li-Sha", "Ma, Jing", "Ma, Lin-Lu", "Peng, Zhi-Yong", "Pan, Yun-Bao", "Pan, Zhen-Yu", "Ren, Xue-Qun", "Sun, Hui-Min", "Wang, Ying", "Wang, Yun-Yun", "Weng, Hong", "Wei, Chao-Jie", "Wu, Dong-Fang", "Xia, Jian", "Xiong, Yong", "Xu, Hai-Bo", "Yao, Xiao-Mei", "Yuan, Yu-Feng", "Ye, Tai-Sheng", "Zhang, Xiao-Chun", "Zhang, Ying-Wen", "Zhang, Yin-Gao", "Zhang, Hua-Min", "Zhao, Yan", "Zhao, Ming-Juan", "Zi, Hao", "Zeng, Xian-Tao", "Wang, Yong-Yan", "Wang, Xing-Huan"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32029004", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new type viral pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province; and then named \"2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)\" by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 12 January 2020. For it is a never been experienced respiratory disease before and with infection ability widely and quickly, it attracted the world's attention but without treatment and control manual. For the request from frontline clinicians and public health professionals of 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia management, an evidence-based guideline urgently needs to be developed. Therefore, we drafted this guideline according to the rapid advice guidelines methodology and general rules of WHO guideline development; we also added the first-hand management data of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. This guideline includes the guideline methodology, epidemiological characteristics, disease screening and population prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control (including traditional Chinese Medicine), nosocomial infection prevention and control, and disease nursing of the 2019-nCoV. Moreover, we also provide a whole process of a successful treatment case of the severe 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia and experience and lessons of hospital rescue for 2019-nCoV infections. This rapid advice guideline is suitable for the first frontline doctors and nurses, managers of hospitals and healthcare sections, community residents, public health persons, relevant researchers, and all person who are interested in the 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32118645, "title": "Single-cell RNA sequencing data suggest a role for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in kidney impairment in patients infected with 2019-novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Deng, Yi-Yao", "Zheng, Ying", "Cai, Guang-Yan", "Chen, Xiang-Mei", "Hong, Quan"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118645", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302377, "pmcid": "PMC7188136", "title": "Population movement, city closure in Wuhan and geographical expansion of the 2019-nCoV pneumonia infection in China in January 2020.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Liu, Kun", "Ai, Siqi", "Song, Shuxuan", "Zhu, Guanghu", "Tian, Fei", "Li, Huan", "Gao, Yuan", "Wu, Yinglin", "Zhang, Shiyu", "Shao, Zhongjun", "Liu, Qiyong", "Lin, Hualiang"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302377", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The unprecedented outbreak of 2019-nCoV pneumonia infection in Wuhan City caused global concern, the outflowing population from Wuhan was believed to be a main reason for the rapid and large-scale spread of the disease, so the government implemented a city closure measure to prevent its transmission considering the large amount of travelling before the Chinese New Year. Based on the daily reported new cases and the population movement data between January 1 and 31, we examined the effects of population outflow from Wuhan on the geographical expansion of the infection in other provinces and cities of China, as well as the impacts of the city closure in Wuhan in different scenarios of closing dates. We observed a significantly positive association between population movement and the number of the 2019-nCoV cases. The spatial distribution of cases per unit outflow population indicated that some areas with large outflow population might have been underestimated for the infection, such as Henan and Hunan provinces. Further analysis revealed that if the city closure policy was implemented two days earlier, 1420 (95% CI: 1059, 1833) cases could have been prevented, and if two days later, 1462 (95% CI: 1090, 1886) more cases would be possible. Our findings suggest that population movement might be one important trigger for the transmission of 2019-nCoV infection in China, and the policy of city closure is effective to control the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32235119, "pmcid": "PMC7179526", "title": "Safeguarding the Maintenance Hemodialysis Patient Population during the Coronavirus Disease 19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Meijers, Bjorn", "Messa, Piergiorgio", "Ronco, Claudio"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization has recognized the pandemic nature of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak. A large proportion of positive patients require hospitalization, while 5-6% of them may need more aggressive therapies in intensive care. Most governments have recommended social separation and severe measures of prevention of further spreading of the epidemic. Because hemodialysis (HD) patients need to access hospital and dialysis center facilities 3 times a week, this category of patients requires special attention. In this editorial, we tried to summarize the experience of our centers that hopefully may contribute to help other centers and colleagues that are facing the coming wave of the epidemic. Special algorithms for COVID-19 spreading in the dialysis population, recommendations for isolation and preventive measures in positive HD patients, and finally directions to manage logistics and personnel are reported. These recommendations should be considered neither universal nor absolute. Instead, they require local adjustments based on geographic location, cultural and social environments, and level of available resources."}, {"pmid": 32435268, "pmcid": "PMC7224358", "title": "Facing the COVID-19 outbreak in children with cancer.", "journal": "Drugs Context", "authors": ["Ruggiero, Antonio", "Romano, Alberto", "Attina, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435268", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Europe is now the epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak. Many concerns have arisen about the management and treatment of children with cancer while researchers are wondering how to deal with this devastating pandemic. In view of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak, it is fundamental to stress that the behavior and hygiene rules adopted by children with cancer must be respected and implemented in order to continue to safeguard their health for the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32171191, "title": "[Genomic analysis of a 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) strain in the first COVID-19 patient found in Hangzhou].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yu, H", "Wang, X C", "Li, J", "Qian, X", "Yu, X F", "Sun, Z", "Chen, J F", "Kao, Q J", "Wang, H Q", "Pan, J C"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171191", "countries": ["China", "Finland", "United States", "Japan"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To understand the viral genomic characteristics of a 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) strain in the first COVID-19 patient found in Hangzhou, China. Methods: Viral RNA was extracted in throat swab and sputum sample of the patient and was performed real-time reverse transcription PCR detection and obtained viral genome by high-throughput sequencing method. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using 29 2019-nCoV genomes and 30 \u03b2-coronavirus genomes deposited in NCBI GenBank. Fifteen genomes from Wuhan were grouped by mutation sites and others were identified by Wuhan's or specific mutation sites. Results: A 29 833 bp length genome of the first 2019-nCoV strain in Hangzhou was obtained, covering full length of the coding regions of coronavirus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the genome was closest to the genome of a bat SARS-like coronavirus strain RaTG13 with an identity of 96.11% (28 666/29 826). Among the genes between two genomes, E genes were highly conserved (99.56%), while S genes had lowest identity (92.87%). The genome sequence similarities among 29 strains from China (Hangzhou, Wuhan, and Shenzhen), Japan, USA, and Finland, were all more than 99.9%; however, some single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in some strains. Conclusion: The genome of Hangzhou 2019-nCoV strain was very close to the genomes of strains from other cities in China and overseas collected at early epidemic phase. The 2019-nCoV genome sequencing method used in this paper provides an useful tool for monitoring variation of viral genes."}, {"pmid": 32314503, "title": "Obesity and SARS-CoV-2: a population to safeguard.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Res Rev", "authors": ["Watanabe, Mikiko", "Risi, Renata", "Tuccinardi, Dario", "Baquero, Claudia J", "Manfrini, Silvia", "Gnessi, Lucio"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314503", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evidence has lately emerged regarding an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 with worse prognosis in patients with obesity, especially among the young. Weight excess is a well-established respiratory disease risk factor, and the newly reported correlation is therefore unsurprising. The underlying pathophysiology is likely multi-stranded, ranging from complement system hyperactivation, increased Interleukin-6 secretion, chronic inflammation, presence of comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension, and a possible local, detrimental effect within the lung. Further understanding the link between obesity and SARS-CoV-2 is crucial, as this could aid proper tailoring of immunomodulatory treatments, together with improving stratification among those possibly requiring critical care."}, {"pmid": 32158961, "pmcid": "PMC7050133", "title": "First two months of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic in China: real-time surveillance and evaluation with a second derivative model.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Chen, Xinguang", "Yu, Bin"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32158961", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Similar to outbreaks of many other infectious diseases, success in controlling the novel 2019 coronavirus infection requires a timely and accurate monitoring of the epidemic, particularly during its early period with rather limited data while the need for information increases explosively. In this study, we used a second derivative model to characterize the coronavirus epidemic in China with cumulatively diagnosed cases during the first 2\u00a0months. The analysis was further enhanced by an exponential model with a close-population assumption. This model was built with the data and used to assess the detection rate during the study period, considering the differences between the true infections, detectable and detected cases. Results from the second derivative modeling suggest the coronavirus epidemic as nonlinear and chaotic in nature. Although it emerged gradually, the epidemic was highly responsive to massive interventions initiated on January 21, 2020, as indicated by results from both second derivative and exponential modeling analyses. The epidemic started to decelerate immediately after the massive actions. The results derived from our analysis signaled the decline of the epidemic 14\u2009days before it eventually occurred on February 4, 2020. Study findings further signaled an accelerated decline in the epidemic starting in 14\u2009days on February 18, 2020. The coronavirus epidemic appeared to be nonlinear and chaotic, and was responsive to effective interventions. The methods used in this study can be applied in surveillance to inform and encourage the general public, public health professionals, clinicians and decision-makers to take coordinative and collaborative efforts to control the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32277964, "pmcid": "PMC7194556", "title": "Sterilization of disposable face masks by means of standardized dry and steam sterilization processes; an alternative in the fight against mask shortages due to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["de Man, P", "van Straten, B", "van den Dobbelsteen, J", "van der Eijk, A", "Horeman, T", "Koeleman, H"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277964", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412064, "pmcid": "PMC7239151", "title": "Geographic access to United States SARS-CoV-2 testing sites highlights healthcare disparities and may bias transmission estimates.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Rader, Benjamin", "Astley, Christina M", "Sy, Karla Therese L", "Sewalk, Kara", "Hswen, Yulin", "Brownstein, John S", "Kraemer, Moritz U G"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412064", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We paired high-resolution travel-time metrics with a SARS-CoV-2 testing location database in the United States. Median travel time to testing sites is longer in counties with lower population density, and a higher percent of minority and uninsured individuals. Differential geographic accessibility to testing can recapitulate healthcare disparities and bias transmission estimates."}, {"pmid": 32291566, "pmcid": "PMC7154569", "title": "Italian society of colorectal surgery recommendations for good clinical practice in colorectal surgery during the novel coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Tech Coloproctol", "authors": ["Gallo, G", "La Torre, M", "Pietroletti, R", "Bianco, F", "Altomare, D F", "Pucciarelli, S", "Gagliardi, G", "Perinotti, R"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291566", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386837, "pmcid": "PMC7184020", "title": "Percutaneous tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19: sealing the bronchoscope with an in-line suction sheath.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Al Yaghchi, Chadwan", "Ferguson, Catriona", "Sandhu, Guri"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386837", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212240, "pmcid": "PMC7166410", "title": "Disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Lillicrap, David"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212240", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272199, "pmcid": "PMC7136886", "title": "COVID-19 is not just a flu. Learn from Italy and act now.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["De Giorgio, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272199", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335551, "title": "Reply to the Comment by Dr. Cure on \"Should COVID-19 Concern Nephrologists? Why and to What Extent? The Emerging Impasse of Angiotensin Blockade\".", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Perico, Luca", "Benigni, Ariela", "Remuzzi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335551", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377694, "pmcid": "PMC7255458", "title": "Towards effective COVID19 vaccines: Updates, perspectives and challenges (Review).", "journal": "Int J Mol Med", "authors": ["Calina, Daniela", "Docea, Anca Oana", "Petrakis, Demetrios", "Egorov, Alex M", "Ishmukhametov, Aydar A", "Gabibov, Alexsandr G", "Shtilman, Michael I", "Kostoff, Ronald", "Carvalho, Felix", "Vinceti, Marco", "Spandidos, Demetrios A", "Tsatsakis, Aristidis"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377694", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current context of the pandemic triggered by SARS-COV-2, the immunization of the population through vaccination is recognized as a public health priority. In the case of SARS\u2011COV\u20112, the genetic sequencing was done quickly, in one month. Since then, worldwide research has focused on obtaining a vaccine. This has a major economic impact because new technological platforms and advanced genetic engineering procedures are required to obtain a COVID\u201119 vaccine. The most difficult scientific challenge for this future vaccine obtained in the laboratory is the proof of clinical safety and efficacy. The biggest challenge of manufacturing is the construction and validation of production platforms capable of making the vaccine on a large scale."}, {"pmid": 32301508, "pmcid": "PMC7264505", "title": "Assessment of the quality of systematic reviews on COVID-19: A comparative study of previous coronavirus outbreaks.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yu, Yang", "Shi, Qianling", "Zheng, Peng", "Gao, Lei", "Li, Haiyuan", "Tao, Pengxian", "Gu, Baohong", "Wang, Dengfeng", "Chen, Hao"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301508", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several systematic reviews (SRs) have been conducted on the COVID-19 outbreak, which together with the SRs on previous coronavirus outbreaks, form important sources of evidence for clinical decision and policy making. Here, we investigated the methodological quality of SRs on COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Online searches were performed to obtain SRs on COVID-19, SARS, and MERS. The methodological quality of the included SRs was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data. In total, of 49 SRs that were finally included in our study, 17, 16, and 16 SRs were specifically on COVID-19, MERS, and SARS, respectively. The growth rate of SRs on COVID-19 was the highest (4.54/month) presently. Of the included SRs, 6, 12, and 31 SRs were of moderate, low, and critically low quality, respectively. SRs on SARS showed the optimum quality among the SRs on the three diseases. Subgroup analyses showed that the SR topic (P\u2009<\u2009.001), the involvement of a methodologist (P\u2009<\u2009.001), and funding support (P\u2009=\u2009.046) were significantly associated with the methodological quality of the SR. According to the adherence scores, adherence to AMSTAR-2 items sequentially decreased in SRs on SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. The methodological quality of most SRs on coronavirus outbreaks is unsatisfactory, and those on COVID-19 have higher risks of poor quality, despite the rapid actions taken to conduct SRs. The quality of SRs should be improved in the future. Readers must exercise caution in accepting and using the results of these SRs."}, {"pmid": 32528624, "pmcid": "PMC7266481", "title": "COVID-19: a perspective for lifting lockdown in Zimbabwe.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Dzobo, Mathias", "Chitungo, Itai", "Dzinamarira, Tafadzwa"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528624", "countries": ["Zimbabwe"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) scourge has challenged the world's health systems and presented multiple socio-economic and public health challenges to the states it has affected. Zimbabwe has been affected by the pandemic, and in response, the government has set up an array of measures, including a national lockdown, to curb transmission. While it is critical to maintain such vigorous containment measures, socio-economic pressures in Zimbabwe will challenge the sustainability of the lockdown. Given the potential for lift of the lockdown before the Covid-19 pandemic ends, we discuss the Covid-19 pandemic situation in Zimbabwe and viewpoints on important considerations and strategies for lifting the lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32391660, "title": "[Principles and suggestions on biosafety protection of biological specimen preservation during prevalence of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiaoyan", "Sun, Wei", "Shang, Shiqiang", "Mao, Jianhua", "Fu, Junfen", "Shu, Qiang", "Jiang, Kewen"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a grade B infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In pace with the spreading of the disease, biosafety risk of the biological specimen preservation in biobanks has been significantly increased and biosafety protection during biological specimen preservation become increasingly important. According to the related national rules and the corresponding guidelines of Chinese Medical Association, this paper introduced the etiology about SARS-CoV-2, epidemiology about COVID-19, and the biosafety protection principles of individuals and biological specimen storage places in the process of personal protection, protection of collection, transport, handling, preservation, detection, post-detection disposal and emergencies of biological specimen. Emphasized to carry out a strict biosafety-risk assessment on biological specimen basing on virus load information, infectivity, and sample type (possible contact transmission, aerosol transmission, and fecal oral transmission)."}, {"pmid": 32292308, "pmcid": "PMC7152869", "title": "Tip of the Spear: An Interview with the Washington State Nursing Care Quality Assurance Commission at the onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Teach Learn Nurs", "authors": ["Hoffman, Bryan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292308", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502597, "pmcid": "PMC7266580", "title": "The War We Call COVID-19: A Letter From the Front in New York.", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Parikh, Rushang", "Khanin, Yuriy"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502597", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437727, "pmcid": "PMC7207133", "title": "Rethinking pandemic preparation: Global Health Security Index (GHSI) is predictive of COVID-19 burden, but in the opposite direction.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Aitken, Tess", "Chin, Ken Lee", "Liew, Danny", "Ofori-Asenso, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437727", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422126, "pmcid": "PMC7228699", "title": "How diabetes management is adapting amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "authors": ["Ranscombe, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412418, "pmcid": "PMC7247466", "title": "Global Sentiments Surrounding the COVID-19 Pandemic on Twitter: Analysis of Twitter Trends.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Lwin, May Oo", "Lu, Jiahui", "Sheldenkar, Anita", "Schulz, Peter Johannes", "Shin, Wonsun", "Gupta, Raj", "Yang, Yinping"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412418", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the World Health Organization's pandemic declaration and government-initiated actions against coronavirus disease (COVID-19), sentiments surrounding COVID-19 have evolved rapidly. This study aimed to examine worldwide trends of four emotions-fear, anger, sadness, and joy-and the narratives underlying those emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 20 million social media twitter posts made during the early phases of the COVID-19 outbreak from January 28 to April 9, 2020, were collected using \"wuhan,\" \"corona,\" \"nCov,\" and \"covid\" as search keywords. Public emotions shifted strongly from fear to anger over the course of the pandemic, while sadness and joy also surfaced. Findings from word clouds suggest that fears around shortages of COVID-19 tests and medical supplies became increasingly widespread discussion points. Anger shifted from xenophobia at the beginning of the pandemic to discourse around the stay-at-home notices. Sadness was highlighted by the topics of losing friends and family members, while topics related to joy included words of gratitude and good health. Overall, global COVID-19 sentiments have shown rapid evolutions within just the span of a few weeks. Findings suggest that emotion-driven collective issues around shared public distress experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic are developing and include large-scale social isolation and the loss of human lives. The steady rise of societal concerns indicated by negative emotions needs to be monitored and controlled by complementing regular crisis communication with strategic public health communication that aims to balance public psychological wellbeing."}, {"pmid": 32344275, "pmcid": "PMC7177090", "title": "Dapsone, colchicine and olanzapine as treatment adjuncts to prevent COVID-19 associated adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Altschuler, Eric L", "Kast, Richard E"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344275", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525813, "title": "Renin-angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2 interaction: underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications.", "journal": "Gen Physiol Biophys", "authors": ["Hrenak, Jaroslav", "Zorad, Stefan", "Simko, Fedor"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525813", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition supposedly increases the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2, serving as a binding site for SARS-CoV-2. Concerns arose regarding therapy with RAS inhibition during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the pharmacological restraining the classical RAS axis might be beneficial due to the reduction of deleterious effects of angiotensin II and enhancement of the anti-inflammatory angiotensin 1-7 pathway. Unless large controlled studies are performed, RAS inhibition remains the cornerstone therapy in populations with cardiovascular disorders."}, {"pmid": 32430631, "pmcid": "PMC7235975", "title": "Acute myocardial infarction due to coronary stent thrombosis in a symptomatic COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Clin Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Hinterseer, Martin", "Zens, Martin", "Wimmer, Roland Jean", "Delladio, Simon", "Lederle, Susanne", "Kupatt, Christian", "Hartmann, Bernd"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430631", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389584, "pmcid": "PMC7204715", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiovascular risk: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Krittanawong, Chayakrit", "Virk, Hafeez Ul Hassan", "Narasimhan, Bharat", "Wang, Zhen", "Narasimhan, Harish", "Zhang, Hong Ju", "Sun, Tao", "Messerli, Franz H"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389584", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493072, "title": "Re: \"Recovery of Elective Facial Plastic Surgery in the Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era: Recommendations from the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery Task Force\" by Unadkat et al.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Whitehead, David Edward James", "Lowe, David A", "Weir, Robert E"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493072", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501370, "pmcid": "PMC7252162", "title": "Short-term forecasting COVID-19 cumulative confirmed cases: Perspectives for Brazil.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Ribeiro, Matheus Henrique Dal Molin", "da Silva, Ramon Gomes", "Mariani, Viviana Cocco", "Coelho, Leandro Dos Santos"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501370", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an emerging disease responsible for infecting millions of people since the first notification until nowadays. Developing efficient short-term forecasting models allow forecasting the number of future cases. In this context, it is possible to develop strategic planning in the public health system to avoid deaths. In this paper, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), cubist regression (CUBIST), random forest (RF), ridge regression (RIDGE), support vector regression (SVR), and stacking-ensemble learning are evaluated in the task of time series forecasting with one, three, and six-days ahead the COVID-19 cumulative confirmed cases in ten Brazilian states with a high daily incidence. In the stacking-ensemble learning approach, the CUBIST regression, RF, RIDGE, and SVR models are adopted as base-learners and Gaussian process (GP) as meta-learner. The models' effectiveness is evaluated based on the improvement index, mean absolute error, and symmetric mean absolute percentage error criteria. In most of the cases, the SVR and stacking-ensemble learning reach a better performance regarding adopted criteria than compared models. In general, the developed models can generate accurate forecasting, achieving errors in a range of 0.87%-3.51%, 1.02%-5.63%, and 0.95%-6.90% in one, three, and six-days-ahead, respectively. The ranking of models, from the best to the worst regarding accuracy, in all scenarios is SVR, stacking-ensemble learning, ARIMA, CUBIST, RIDGE, and RF models. The use of evaluated models is recommended to forecasting and monitor the ongoing growth of COVID-19 cases, once these models can assist the managers in the decision-making support systems."}, {"pmid": 32389156, "pmcid": "PMC7251288", "title": "Maintaining mask stockpiles in the COVID-19 pandemic: Taiwan as a learning model.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chiang, Cho-Hung", "Chiang, Cho-Hsien", "Chiang, Cho-Han"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389156", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431287, "title": "Critical Care Management of Patients with COVID-19: Early Experience in Thailand.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Ratanarat, Ranistha", "Sivakorn, Chaisith", "Viarasilpa, Tanuwong", "Schultz, Marcus J"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431287", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since late December 2019, the world has been challenged with an outbreak of COVID-19. In Thailand, an upper middle-income country with a limited healthcare infrastructure and restricted human resources, nearly 3,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported as of early May 2020. Public health policies aimed at preventing new COVID-19 cases were very effective in halting the pandemic in Thailand. Case fatality in Thailand has been low (1.7%), at least in part due to early stratification according to risk of disease severity and timely initiation of supportive care with affordable measures. We present our initial experience with COVID-19 in Thailand, focusing on several aspects that may have played a crucial role in curtailment of the pandemic, and elements of care for severely ill COVID-19 patients, including stratification, isolation, and affordable diagnostic approaches and supportive care measures. We also discuss local considerations concerning some proposed experimental treatments."}, {"pmid": 32421910, "title": "Reactivation of SARS-CoV-2 after Recovery.", "journal": "Pediatr Int", "authors": ["Yoo, Si Yoon", "Lee, Youngseok", "Lee, Ga Hee", "Kim, Dong Hyun"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421910", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now spread worldwide as a global pandemic.1 We report on an 8-year-old boy who might be a patient with reactivation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a family cluster."}, {"pmid": 32458479, "title": "Diagnostic performance of immunochromatography assay for rapid detection of IgM and IgG in coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Choe, Jung-Yoon", "Kim, Ji-Won", "Kwon, Hyun Hee", "Hong, Hyo-Lim", "Jung, Chi Young", "Jeon, Chang-Ho", "Park, Eun-Jin", "Kim, Seong-Kyu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458479", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Serologic assays have been developed to detect infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of an immunochromatography-based assay of human serum for COVID-19. The present study enrolled 149 subjects who had been tested by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for COVID-19 and were classified into two groups: 70 who were positive for COVID-19 and 79 who were negative for COVID-19 based on RT-PCR. An immunochromatography-based COVID-19 immunoglobulin G (IgG)/immunoglobulin M (IgM) rapid test on the sera of the study population was applied to measure the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve compared to RT-PCR, with a 95% confidence interval (CI). IgM or IgG antibodies were detected in 65 subjects (92.9%) classified as positive for COVID-19 and in three subjects (3.8%) classified as negative for COVID-19. The sensitivity and specificity percentages for IgM or IgG antibodies were 92.9% (95% CI: 84.1-97.6) and 96.2% (95% CI: 89.3-99.2), respectively, with 95.6% PPV and 93.8% NPV. The PPV rapidly improved with increasing disease prevalence from 19.8% to 96.1% in the presence of either IgM or IgG, while the NPV remained high with a change from 99.9% to 93.1%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.945 (95% CI: 0.903-0.988) for subjects with either IgM or IgG positivity. In conclusion, the immunochromatography-based COVID-19 IgG/IgM rapid test is a useful and practical diagnostic assay for detection of COVID-19, especially in the presence of IgM or IgG antibodies."}, {"pmid": 32407136, "title": "COVID-19, HIV, and Migrant Workers: The Double Burden of the Two Viruses.", "journal": "AIDS Patient Care STDS", "authors": ["Lodge, William 2nd", "Kuchukhidze, Salome"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407136", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518902, "pmcid": "PMC7271091", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: early lessons.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Breslin, Noelle", "Baptiste, Caitlin", "Miller, Russell", "Fuchs, Karin", "Goffman, Dena", "Gyamfi-Bannerman, Cynthia", "D'Alton, Mary"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518902", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is rapidly increasing, but there exists limited information on coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy. Here, we present our experience with 7 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy presenting to a single large New York City tertiary care hospital. Of the 7 patients, 5 presented with symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019, including cough, myalgias, fevers, chest pain, and headache. Of the 7 patients, 4 were admitted to the hospital, including 2 who required supportive care with intravenous hydration. Of note, the other 2 admitted patients who were asymptomatic on admission to the hospital, presenting instead for obstetrically indicated labor inductions, became symptomatic after delivery, each requiring intensive care unit admission."}, {"pmid": 32496357, "title": "Early Experience With COVID-19 and Solid Organ Transplantation at a US High-volume Transplant Center.", "journal": "Transplantation", "authors": ["Yi, Stephanie G", "Rogers, Alex W", "Saharia, Ashish", "Aoun, Maria", "Faour, Romy", "Abdelrahim, Maen", "Knight, Richard J", "Grimes, Kevin", "Bullock, Samantha", "Hobeika, Mark", "McMillan, Robert", "Mobley, Constance", "Moaddab, Mozhgon", "Huang, Howard J", "Bhimaraj, Arvind", "Ghobrial, R Mark", "Gaber, A Osama"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496357", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) poses unique challenges for immunosuppressed patients. Solid organ transplant recipients (SOT) comprise a large proportion of this group, yet there is limited knowledge about the presentation, clinical course and immunosuppression management of this novel infection among heart, lung, liver, pancreas and kidney transplant recipients. We present 21 SOT diagnosed with COVID-19 between January 1, 2020 - April 22, 2020 at a US high-volume transplant center. Diagnostic workup, clinical course, immunosuppression/antiviral management and immediate outcomes are described. Twenty-one (15.9%) of 132 symptomatic patients tested were positive. Mean age at diagnosis was 54.8 \u00b1 10.9 years. Median time from transplant was 5.58 years (IQR 2.25, 7.33). Median follow-up was 18 days (IQR 13, 30). Fourteen patients required inpatient management, with 7 (50%) placed in the intensive care unit (ICU). All transplant types were represented. Nearly 43% exhibited GI symptoms. Over half (56.2%) presented with elevated serum creatinine suggestive of acute kidney injury. The majority of patients (5/7) with concomitant infections at baseline required the ICU. Eighty-percent received hydroxychloroquine \u00b1 azithromycin. Ten received toclizumab and/or ribavirin; 1 received remdesivir. Antimetabolites \u00b1 calcineurin inhibitors were held or reduced. Over half of hospitalized patients (8/14) were discharged home. Only 1 mortality (4.8%) to date, in a critically-ill heart/kidney patient who had been in the ICU prior to diagnosis. COVID-19 positive SOT at our institution had favorable short-term outcomes. Those with concomitant infections had more severe illness. More data will be available to evaluate long-term outcomes and disease impact on graft function."}, {"pmid": 32396400, "title": "No deleterious effect of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic on glycaemic control, measured by glucose monitoring, in adults with type 1 diabetes.", "journal": "Diabetes Technol Ther", "authors": ["Beato-Vibora, Pilar Isabel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396400", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the health public authorities to impose extraordinary policies to limit the virus spread. Lockdown has been recognized as an effective measure to minimise the risk of infection. The effect of this extreme and prolonged situation on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unknown. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) allow health care professionals to remotely monitored sensor glucose levels. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of lockdown on glycaemic control in adults with T1D. People with T1D on multiple daily insulin injections and using CGM or FGM were included. Sensor data from the 2 weeks before the start of the COVID-19 lockdown and from the 2 weeks after 5 weeks of consecutive lockdown were compared. 147 subjects were selected (age: 39\u00b114 years (15-80), 54% male (n=80), diabetes duration: 18\u00b111 years). Forty six percent (n=68) were CGM users and 54% (n=79) FGM users. Estimated HbA1c was reduced from 57\u00b111 mmol/l to 55\u00b111 mmol/l (7.38\u00b11.0% to 7.16\u00b11.0%), (p<0.001). Time 70-180 mg/dl was increased from 60.3\u00b116.0 to 62.8\u00b117.0 (p=0.009). Time >180 mg/dl and >250 mg/dl were reduced from 36.0\u00b117.2 to 32.6\u00b117.5 (p<0.001) and from 11.9\u00b111.8 to 9.4\u00b110.3%, (p=0.001), respectively. Time in hypoglycaemia remained unchanged. Estimated HbA1c and time in range 70-180 mg/dl showed an improvement in 62% (n=91) of the subjects. Sensor use (93%) and coefficient of variation (36%) remained unchanged. No deterioration in glycaemic control was found as a result of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32527763, "title": "Should interferons take front stage as an essential MS disease-modifying therapy in the era of coronavirus disease 2019?", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Maguire, Cole", "Frohman, Teresa", "Zamvil, Scott S", "Frohman, Elliot", "Melamed, Esther"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527763", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421686, "title": "Insights into COVID-19: Mining Physicians' Opinions on Social Media.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Wahbeh, Abdullah", "Nasralah, Tareq", "Al-Ramahi, Mohammad", "El-Gayar, Omar"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421686", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic outbreak is considered the most daunting public health challenge in decades. With no effective treatments and the time needed to develop a vaccine, alternatives approaches are followed to control such pandemic. To identify topics, opinions, and recommendations discussed by medical professionals about the coronavirus pandemic outbreak on social medial platform, Twitter. Using a mixed-method approach blending the capabilities of social media analytics and qualitative analysis, we analyzed coronavirus related tweets posted by medical professionals and examined their content. We used qualitative analysis to explore the collected data in order to identify relevant tweets and uncover important concepts about the phenomenon using qualitative coding. Unsupervised and supervised machine learning techniques and text analysis were used to identify topics and opinions. Data was collected from 119 medical professionals on Twitter about the coronavirus pandemic. A total of 10,096 English tweets were collected from the identified medical professionals between December 1, 2019 and April 1, 2020. We identified eight topics, namely, actions and recommendations, fighting misinformation, information and knowledge, healthcare system, symptoms and illness, immunity, testing, and infection and transmission. Tweets were mainly focused on actions and recommendations (28%) needed to control the pandemic. Many tweets warned about misleading information (20%) which could lead to more cases infected with the virus. Other tweets discussed general Knowledge and information (9%) about the virus as well as concerns about the healthcare systems and workers (9%). The remaining tweets discussed information about symptoms associated with COVID-19 (8%), immunity (7%), testing (6%), and virus infection and transmission (5%). Findings indicate that Twitter and social media platforms could help identify important and useful knowledge shared by medical professionals during the pandemic outbreak. "}, {"pmid": 32292590, "pmcid": "PMC7152908", "title": "All about COVID-19 in brief.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["NaserGhandi, Alvand", "Allameh, Seyed Farshad", "Saffarpour, Reyhaneh"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292590", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530160, "title": "Retrospective Analysis of 61 Cases of Children Died of Viral Pneumonia.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, X B", "Du, S H", "Lu, J C", "Tan, X H", "Li, D R", "Yue, X", "Wang, Q", "Wang, H J", "Qiao, D F"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530160", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective To retrospectively analyze the forensic pathological postmortem examination and clinical data of children who died of viral pneumonia in identification of cause of death cases and to discuss the clinical characteristics and pathological features of viral pneumonia in children, in order to provide reference to pathological diagnosis of viral pneumonia in children caused by 2019 novel coronavirus \uff082019-nCoV\uff09 infection. Methods Postmortem examination data from 61 cases of children whose causes of death were identified as viral pneumonia in recent years were collected from the Center of Forensic Identification, Southern Medical University. The gender, age, clinical symptoms and pathological features were comparatively analyzed. Results Among the 61 cases of children who died of viral pneumonia, most were within 2 years old \uff0883.61%\uff09, and a large proportion died within 2 weeks after the onset of the disease \uff0891.80%\uff09. Gross changes in postmortem examination included respiratory mucosal hyperemia, pleural effusion, pulmonary swelling, variegated pulmonary pleura and serosa, as well as focal pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary edema. A large proportion of sick children had enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes \uff0883.61%\uff09 and thymic dysplasia \uff0821.31%\uff09. Histopathological changes included edema of alveoli and interstitial substance, pneumorrhagia\uff0cshedding of alveolar epithelial cells, serous and \uff08or\uff09 fibrous exudation in the alveoli, formation of viral inclusions, formation of transparent membranes, infiltration of inflammatory cells that mainly consisted of macrophages and lymphocytes in interstitial substance and alveoli. Viral infections often affected the heart and gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion The clinical symptoms of children with viral pneumonia are difficult to notice, and because the immune systems of children are not fully developed and they have poor immunity, they can easily become severely ill and even die. Analyzing the forensic autopsies and the histopathological characteristics could provide reference for pathological diagnosis of viral pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32514228, "pmcid": "PMC7266424", "title": "An overview on COVID-19: reality and expectation.", "journal": "Bull Natl Res Cent", "authors": ["Hamed, Manal A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514228", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), commonly known as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread across China and around the world. By the declaration of WHO, COVID-19 outbreak considered as a public health problem of international concern. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive view on COVID-19 and the future expectations to control virus progression. Patients with liver disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity are more susceptible to the incidence of COVID-19 infection. So, there is a rapid need for disease diagnosis, vaccine development, and drug discovery to detect, prevent, and treat this sudden and lethal virus. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered as a rapid, accurate, and specific tool for disease diagnosis. Under this emergency situation that the world facing against COVID-19, there are about 15 potential vaccine candidates tested globally based on messenger RNA, DNA-based, nanoparticle, synthetic, and modified virus-like particle. Certain drugs that are clinically approved for other diseases were tested against COVID-19 as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, favipiravir, ribavirin, and remdesivir. Convalescent plasma transfusion and traditional herbal medicine were also taken into consideration. Due to the absence of effective treatment or vaccines against COVID-19 so far, the precautionary measures according to WHO's strategic objectives are the only way to confront this crisis. Governments should adopt national medical care programs to reduce the risk of exposure to any future viral outbreaks especially to patients with pre-existing medical conditions."}, {"pmid": 32332062, "title": "Modeling infectious disease dynamics.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cobey, Sarah"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332062", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277203, "title": "Dentistry and coronavirus (COVID-19) - moral decision-making.", "journal": "Br Dent J", "authors": ["Coulthard, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277203", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (COVID-19) has challenged health professions and systems and has evoked different speeds of reaction and types of response around the world. The role of dental professionals in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 is critically important. While all routine dental care has been suspended in countries experiencing COVID-19 disease during the period of pandemic, the need for organised urgent care delivered by teams provided with appropriate personal protective equipment takes priority. Dental professionals can also contribute to medical care. Major and rapid reorganisation of both clinical and support services is not straightforward. Dental professionals felt a moral duty to reduce routine care for fear of spreading COVID-19 among their patients and beyond, but were understandably concerned about the financial consequences. Amidst the explosion of information available online and through social media, it is difficult to identify reliable research evidence and guidance, but moral decisions must be made."}, {"pmid": 32495826, "title": "Management of COVID-19 Pandemic in Spanish Inflammatory Bowel Disease Units: Results From a National Survey.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Martin Arranz, Eduardo", "Suarez Ferrer, Cristina", "Garcia Ramirez, Laura", "Rueda Garcia, Jose Luis", "Sanchez-Azofra, Maria", "Poza Cordon, Joaquin", "Noci, Jesus", "Zabana, Yamile", "Barreiro-de Acosta, Manuel", "Martin-Arranz, Maria Dolores"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495826", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has rapidly evolved into a pandemic that has represented a challenge to health systems worldwide. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) units have been forced to change their practices to address the disease and to ensure the quality of care. We conducted a national survey among IBD gastroenterologist members of the Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Colitis regarding changes of practice, IBD treatments, and diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. We received 54 answers from Spanish hospitals. One hundred percent of the IBD units rescheduled onsite visits to telematic consultation, and elective endoscopic and surgical procedures were delayed. Protective measures were also taken in the infusion units (100% of health centers) and hospital pharmacies, with 40.7% sending subcutaneous medications to patients. No switching between intravenous and subcutaneous anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs were made. We also found that 96.1% of IBD units advised their patients to maintain treatment if they were asymptomatic for COVID-19. For patients with COVID-19 symptoms, 92.6% of IBD units referred them to primary care or the emergency department. In addition, 7.5% of IBD units made a COVID-19 diagnosis through polymerase chain reaction and/or chest x-ray.Modifications in IBD treatment and treatment recommended for COVID-19 are also discussed. We report a representative national survey of changes made in the structure, diagnosis of COVID-19, and modifications in IBD treatments within IBD units."}, {"pmid": 32511049, "title": "COVID-19 Health Technology Governance, Epistemic Competence, and the Future of Knowledge in an Uncertain World.", "journal": "OMICS", "authors": ["Ozdemir, Vural", "Springer, Simon", "Garvey, Colin K", "Bayram, Mustafa"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511049", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360137, "pmcid": "PMC7175843", "title": "Aged Patients With Mental Disorders in the COVID-19 Era: The Experience of Northern Italy.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Serafini, Gianluca", "Bondi, Emi", "Locatelli, Clara", "Amore, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360137", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386446, "pmcid": "PMC7273085", "title": "Atypical erythema multiforme palmar plaques lesions due to Sars-Cov-2.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Janah, H", "Zinebi, A", "Elbenaye, J"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386446", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442546, "pmcid": "PMC7237355", "title": "Prevention of COVID-19 in patients with IBD.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Segal, Jonathan P", "Quraishi, Mohammed Nabil", "Bhala, Neeraj", "Brookes, Matthew James"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442546", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450334, "pmcid": "PMC7242952", "title": "The interplay of Hypertension, ACE-2 and SARS-CoV-2: Emerging data as the \"Ariadne's thread\" for the \"labyrinth\" of COVID-19.", "journal": "Hellenic J Cardiol", "authors": ["Tsioufis, Costas", "Dimitriadis, Kyriakos", "Tousoulis, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450334", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524964, "title": "COVID-19 and Brazilian Indigenous Populations.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Cupertino, Graziela Almeida", "Cupertino, Marli do Carmo", "Gomes, Andreia Patricia", "Braga, Luciene Muniz", "Siqueira-Batista, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524964", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The newly discovered SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of COVID-19, including severe respiratory symptoms with an important lethality rate and high dissemination capacity. Considering the indigenous people of Brazil, it is feared that COVID-19 will spread to these communities, causing another stage of decimation. Despite advances in indigenous health care in the country, there are still many challenges due to the social vulnerability of this population, whose lands continue to be illegally exploited. Based on these considerations, this article discusses challenges in caring for the indigenous population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil."}, {"pmid": 32416971, "pmcid": "PMC7198417", "title": "In the frame, road map for Australian sport on an uncertain journey through COVID-19.", "journal": "J Sci Med Sport", "authors": ["Hughes, David"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416971", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318665, "pmcid": "PMC7167234", "title": "Age-related rhesus macaque models of COVID-19.", "journal": "Animal Model Exp Med", "authors": ["Yu, Pin", "Qi, Feifei", "Xu, Yanfeng", "Li, Fengdi", "Liu, Peipei", "Liu, Jiayi", "Bao, Linlin", "Deng, Wei", "Gao, Hong", "Xiang, Zhiguang", "Xiao, Chong", "Lv, Qi", "Gong, Shuran", "Liu, Jiangning", "Song, Zhiqi", "Qu, Yajin", "Xue, Jing", "Wei, Qiang", "Liu, Mingya", "Wang, Guanpeng", "Wang, Shunyi", "Yu, Haisheng", "Liu, Xing", "Huang, Baoying", "Wang, Wenling", "Zhao, Li", "Wang, Huijuan", "Ye, Fei", "Zhou, Weimin", "Zhen, Wei", "Han, Jun", "Wu, Guizhen", "Jin, Qi", "Wang, Jianwei", "Tan, Wenjie", "Qin, Chuan"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318665", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, an outbreak of the Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, has become a public health emergency of international concern. The high fatality of aged cases caused by SARS-CoV-2 was a need to explore the possible age-related phenomena with non-human primate models. Three 3-5\u00a0years old and two 15\u00a0years old rhesus macaques were intratracheally infected with SARS-CoV-2, and then analyzed by clinical signs, viral replication, chest X-ray, histopathological changes and immune response. Viral replication of nasopharyngeal swabs, anal swabs and lung in old monkeys was more active than that in young monkeys for 14\u00a0days after SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Monkeys developed typical interstitial pneumonia characterized by thickened alveolar septum accompanied with inflammation and edema, notably, old monkeys exhibited diffuse severe interstitial pneumonia. Viral antigens were detected mainly in alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages. SARS-CoV-2 caused more severe interstitial pneumonia in old monkeys than that in young monkeys. Rhesus macaque models infected with SARS-CoV-2 provided insight into the pathogenic mechanism and facilitated the development of vaccines and therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32470146, "title": "Elevated interleukin-6 is associated with severity of COVID-19: a meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhu, Jieyun", "Pang, Jielong", "Ji, Pan", "Zhong, Zhimei", "Li, Hongyuan", "Li, Bocheng", "Zhang, Jianfeng"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470146", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world since its emergence in humans last December. Previous studies suggested that numerous markers of inflammation were elevated in patients in with severe disease relative to patients with milder conditions, and an elevated level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was associated with a high case fatality of COVID-19 infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32363212, "pmcid": "PMC7184359", "title": "Review: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pastick, Katelyn A", "Okafor, Elizabeth C", "Wang, Fan", "Lofgren, Sarah M", "Skipper, Caleb P", "Nicol, Melanie R", "Pullen, Matthew F", "Rajasingham, Radha", "McDonald, Emily G", "Lee, Todd C", "Schwartz, Ilan S", "Kelly, Lauren E", "Lother, Sylvain A", "Mitja, Oriol", "Letang, Emili", "Abassi, Mahsa", "Boulware, David R"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363212", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a rapidly emerging viral infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have garnered unprecedented attention as potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19 following several small clinical trials, uncontrolled case series, and public figure endorsements. While there is a growing body of scientific data, there is also concern for harm, particularly QTc prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias. Here, we perform a rapid narrative review and discuss the strengths and limitations of existing in vitro and clinical studies. We call for additional randomized controlled trial evidence prior to the widespread incorporation of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine into national and international treatment guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32392504, "pmcid": "PMC7162437", "title": "Lack of COVID-19 transmission on an international flight.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Schwartz, Kevin L", "Murti, Michelle", "Finkelstein, Michael", "Leis, Jerome A", "Fitzgerald-Husek, Alanna", "Bourns, Laura", "Meghani, Hamidah", "Saunders, Andrea", "Allen, Vanessa", "Yaffe, Barbara"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392504", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457558, "pmcid": "PMC7239619", "title": "COVID-19: Shades of Grey.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Naithani, Nardeep", "Datta, Rakesh"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457558", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459916, "pmcid": "PMC7269015", "title": "Hospitalization and Mortality among Black Patients and White Patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Price-Haywood, Eboni G", "Burton, Jeffrey", "Fort, Daniel", "Seoane, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459916", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many reports on coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have highlighted age- and sex-related differences in health outcomes. More information is needed about racial and ethnic differences in outcomes from Covid-19. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from patients seen within an integrated-delivery health system (Ochsner Health) in Louisiana between March 1 and April 11, 2020, who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19) on qualitative polymerase-chain-reaction assay. The Ochsner Health population is 31% black non-Hispanic and 65% white non-Hispanic. The primary outcomes were hospitalization and in-hospital death. A total of 3626 patients tested positive, of whom 145 were excluded (84 had missing data on race or ethnic group, 9 were Hispanic, and 52 were Asian or of another race or ethnic group). Of the 3481 Covid-19-positive patients included in our analyses, 60.0% were female, 70.4% were black non-Hispanic, and 29.6% were white non-Hispanic. Black patients had higher prevalences of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease than white patients. A total of 39.7% of Covid-19-positive patients (1382 patients) were hospitalized, 76.9% of whom were black. In multivariable analyses, black race, increasing age, a higher score on the Charlson Comorbidity Index (indicating a greater burden of illness), public insurance (Medicare or Medicaid), residence in a low-income area, and obesity were associated with increased odds of hospital admission. Among the 326 patients who died from Covid-19, 70.6% were black. In adjusted time-to-event analyses, variables that were associated with higher in-hospital mortality were increasing age and presentation with an elevated respiratory rate; elevated levels of venous lactate, creatinine, or procalcitonin; or low platelet or lymphocyte counts. However, black race was not independently associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio for death vs. white race, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.68 to 1.17). In a large cohort in Louisiana, 76.9% of the patients who were hospitalized with Covid-19 and 70.6% of those who died were black, whereas blacks comprise only 31% of the Ochsner Health population. Black race was not associated with higher in-hospital mortality than white race, after adjustment for differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on admission."}, {"pmid": 32301588, "pmcid": "PMC7262338", "title": "The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Current Anatomy Education and Future Careers: A Student's Perspective.", "journal": "Anat Sci Educ", "authors": ["Franchi, Thomas"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301588", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456123, "title": "Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Ang, Lin", "Song, Eunhye", "Lee, Hye Won", "Lee, Myeong Soo"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456123", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a worldwide outbreak of respiratory illness. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and adverse events of herbal medicines for the treatment of COVID-19. Twelve databases were searched through 12 May 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs assessing the effects of herbal medicines for the treatment of COVID-19 were eligible. The study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used for the assessment of the risk of bias in all included RCTs. Mean differences (MDs), risk ratios (RRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and the effect sizes of the studies were pooled. Seven RCTs with a total of 855 patients were included. All included trials compared the combined therapy of herbal medicine with Western medicine to Western medicine alone. The combined therapy significantly improved the total effective rate (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.34, p < 0.001), cough symptom disappearance rate (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.89, p = 0.005), and sputum production symptom disappearance rate (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.50, p = 0.004). Beneficial effects of the combined therapy were also seen in TCM syndrome score of cough (MD -1.18, 95% CI -1.34 to -1.03, p < 0.001), fever (MD -0.62, 95% CI -0.79 to -0.45, p < 0.001), dry and sore throat (MD -0.83, 95% CI -1.45 to -0.20, p = 0.009), and fatigue (MD -0.60, 95% CI -1.04 to -0.17, p = 0.007). The overall risk of bias of the included studies was unclear. No serious adverse events were reported. Significant effects of the combined therapy of herbal medicine with Western medicine were found, and revealed the potential role of herbal medicine in treating COVID-19. More high-quality RCTs are needed to further validate the effectiveness and adverse events of herbal medicine in the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32205796, "title": "How COVID-19 Outbreak Is Impacting Colorectal Cancer Patients in Italy: A Long Shadow Beyond Infection.", "journal": "Dis Colon Rectum", "authors": ["Pellino, Gianluca", "Spinelli, Antonino"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205796", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390368, "pmcid": "PMC7214113", "title": "The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Chinese Individuals.", "journal": "Yonsei Med J", "authors": ["Wang, Jing", "Wang, Jiu Xiang", "Yang, Guang Shan"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390368", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 not only affects the physical health of Chinese people, but also their psychological health. This article mainly summarized the causes, clinical manifestations and preventive measures of COVID-19 impact on psychology of Chinese people, and presented two representative cases at the same time."}, {"pmid": 32265231, "title": "The tobacco industry in the time of COVID-19: time to shut it down?", "journal": "Tob Control", "authors": ["Hefler, Marita", "Gartner, Coral E"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265231", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343984, "pmcid": "PMC7194691", "title": "COVID-19: before stopping specific infection prevention and control measures, be sure to exclude the diagnosis.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Farfour, E", "Ballester, M-C", "Lecuru, M", "Verrat, A", "Imhaus, E", "Mellot, F", "Karnycheff, F", "Vasse, M", "Cerf, C", "Lesprit, P"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343984", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397762, "pmcid": "PMC7235442", "title": "COVID-19 global pandemic planning: Decontamination and reuse processes for N95 respirators.", "journal": "Exp Biol Med (Maywood)", "authors": ["Perkins, Douglas J", "Villescas, Steven", "Wu, Terry H", "Muller, Timothy", "Bradfute, Steven", "Hurwitz, Ivy", "Cheng, Qiuying", "Wilcox, Hannah", "Weiss, Myissa", "Bartlett, Chris", "Langsjoen, Jens", "Seidenberg, Phil"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397762", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a critical shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) around the globe. This article describes the safe collection, storage, and decontamination of N95 respirators using hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV). This article is unique because it describes the HPV process in an operating room, and is therefore, a deployable method for many healthcare settings. Results presented here offer creative solutions to the current PPE shortage."}, {"pmid": 32026671, "title": "[Analysis of clinical features of 29 patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, L", "Liu, H G", "Liu, W", "Liu, J", "Liu, K", "Shang, J", "Deng, Y", "Wei, S"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32026671", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia and to investigate the correlation between serum inflammatory cytokines and severity of the disease. Methods: 29 patients with 2019-ncov admitted to the isolation ward of Tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji medical college of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in January 2020 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data were collected and the general information, clinical symptoms, blood test and CT imaging characteristics were analyzed. According to the relevant diagnostic criteria, the patients were divided into three groups: mild (15 cases), severe (9 cases) and critical (5 cases). The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and other markers in the serum of each group were detected, and the changes of these indicators of the three groups were compared and analyzed, as well as their relationship with the clinical classification of the disease. Results: (1) The main symptoms of 2019-nCoV pneumonia was fever (28/29) with or without respiratory and other systemic symptoms. Two patients died with underlying disease and co-bacterial infection, respectively. (2) The blood test of the patients showed normal or decreased white blood cell count (23/29), decreased lymphocyte count (20/29), increased hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) (27/29), and normal procalcitonin. In most patients,serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly increased (20/29), while albumin was decreased(15/29). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (Tbil), serum creatinine (Scr) and other items showed no significant changes. (3) CT findings of typical cases were single or multiple patchy ground glass shadows accompanied by septal thickening. When the disease progresses, the lesion increases and the scope expands, and the ground glass shadow coexists with the solid shadow or the stripe shadow. (4) There were statistically significant differences in the expression levels of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and IL-6 in the serum of the three groups (P<0.05), among which the critical group was higher than the severe group and the severe group was higher than the mildgroup. However, there were no statistically significant differences in serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), IL-1, IL-8, IL-10, hs-CRP, lymphocyte count and LDH among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV pneumonia are similar to those of common viral pneumonia. High resolution CT is of great value in the differential diagnosis of this disease. The increased expression of IL-2R and IL-6 in serum is expected to predict the severity of the 2019-nCoV pneumonia and the prognosis of patients."}, {"pmid": 32453436, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic Spurs Policy Changes Benefiting Older Adults.", "journal": "J Gerontol Nurs", "authors": ["Young, Heather M", "Quinn, Winifred", "Brassard, Andrea", "Gualtieri, Claudio", "Reinhard, Susan"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453436", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article reviews recent federal and state policy changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that affect health care and quality of life for older adults. Specific regulations and guidelines issued at the state and federal level have increased access and provided additional funding for essential services and supports. Many of these changes are temporary and have the potential to improve care beyond the immediate crisis. This period of greater flexibility offers the opportunity to accrue evidence on quality and access to influence sustained change. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46(6), 19-23.]."}, {"pmid": 32423095, "title": "The Expression and Polymorphism of Entry Machinery for COVID-19 in Human: Juxtaposing Population Groups, Gender, and Different Tissues.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Darbani, Behrooz"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423095", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "(1) Background: Combating viral disease outbreaks has doubtlessly been one of the major public health challenges for the 21st century. (2) Methods: The host entry machinery required for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was examined for the gene expression profiles and polymorphism. (3) Results: Lung, kidney, small intestine, and salivary glands were among the tissues which expressed the entry machinery coding genes Ace2, Tmprss2, CtsB, and CtsL. The genes had no significant expression changes between males and females. The four human population groups of Europeans, Africans, Asians, and Americans had specific and also a common pool of rare variants for the X-linked locus of ACE2 receptor. Several specific and common ACE2 variants including S19P, I21T/V, E23K, A25T, K26R, T27A, E35D/K, E37K, Y50F, N51D/S, M62V, N64K, K68E, F72V, E75G, M82I, T92I, Q102P, G220S, H239Q, G326E, E329G, G352V, D355N, H378R, Q388L, P389H, E467K, H505R, R514G/*, and Y515C were of the utmost importance to the viral entry and infection. The variants of S19P, I21T, K26R, T27A, E37K, N51D, N64K, K68E, F72V, M82I, G326E, H378R, Q388L, and P389H also had significant differences in frequencies among the population groups. Most interestingly, the analyses revealed that more than half of the variants can exist in males, i.e., as hemizygous. (4) Conclusions: The rare variants of human ACE2 seem to be one of the determinant factors associated with fitness in the battle against SARS viruses. The hemizygous viral-entry booster variants of ACE2 describe the higher SARS-CoV-2 mortality rate in males. This is also supported by the lack of gender bias for the gene expression profiles of entry machinery. A personalized medicine strategy is conceived for isolating high-risk individuals in epidemic circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32495391, "title": "COVID-19 presenting with autoimmune hemolytic anemia in the setting of underlying immune dysregulation.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Wahlster, Lara", "Weichert-Leahey, Nina", "Trissal, Maria", "Grace, Rachael F", "Sankaran, Vijay G"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495391", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289878, "pmcid": "PMC7262052", "title": "Emergency endoscopic variceal band ligation in a COVID-19 patient presented with hematemesis while on mechanical ventilation.", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["El Kassas, Mohamed", "Al Shafie, Ahmad", "Abdel Hameed, Abo Seif", "Mahdi, Mamdouh"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is now a global pandemic with serious health consequences. Currently, many strict control measures are applied in health care settings, including endoscopy units, in order to limit virus spread. Several recommendations called to limit endoscopic procedures to emergent endoscopies; however, several uncertainties still exist concerning patient safety, protective measures, and infection control methods in emergency endoscopic settings. In this case report, we present a case of successful endoscopic band ligation for bleeding esophageal varices in man with COVID-19 disease who presented with an acute attack of hematemesis while on mechanical ventilation (MV). Esophago-gastroduodenoscopy was performed in the ICU room after preparing the setting, and revealed large, risky esophageal varices. Endoscopic band ligation was done with successful control of bleeding. Third-level measures of medical protection were applied for the participating medical personnel, and patient monitoring was maintained all through the procedure. After the procedure, the bleeding stopped, and the patient was vitally stable and conscious. We conclude that emergency endoscopic interventions could be performed safely with appropriate arrangements in patients with confirmed COVID-19 on MV."}, {"pmid": 32224164, "pmcid": "PMC7271223", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: Can DPP4 inhibition play a role?", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Iacobellis, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224164", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387969, "pmcid": "PMC7194916", "title": "Issues for conducting meta-analyses in COVID-19. Commentary on \"Prevalence and severity of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis''.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Etoom, Mohammad", "Alwardat, Sofian", "Alwardat, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387969", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531684, "pmcid": "PMC7280824", "title": "The effects of regional climatic condition on the spread of COVID-19 at global scale.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Iqbal, Muhammad Mazhar", "Abid, Irfan", "Hussain, Saddam", "Shahzad, Naeem", "Waqas, Muhammad Sohail", "Iqbal, Muhammad Jawed"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531684", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic outbreak of the novel coronavirus epidemic disease (COVID-19) is spreading like a diffusion-reaction in the world and almost 208 countries and territories are being affected around the globe. It became a sever health and socio-economic problem, while the world has no vaccine to combat this virus. This research aims to analyze the connection between the fast spread of COVID-19 and regional climate parameters over a global scale. In this research, we collected the data of COVID-19 cases from the time of 1st reported case to the 5th June 2020 in different affected countries and regional climatic parameters data from January 2020 to 5th June 2020. It was found that most of the countries located in the relatively lower temperature region show a rapid increase in the COVID-19 cases than the countries locating in the warmer climatic regions despite their better socio-economic conditions. A correlation between metrological parameters and COVID-19 cases was observed. Average daylight hours are correlated to total the COVID-19 cases with a coefficient of determination of 0.42, while average high-temperature shows a correlation of 0.59 and 0.42 with total COVID-19 cases and death cases respectively. The finding of the study will help international health organizations and local administrations to combat and well manage the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32502524, "pmcid": "PMC7264941", "title": "Tocilizumab administration in a refractory case of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Dastan, Farzaneh", "Nadji, Seyed Alireza", "Saffaei, Ali", "Tabarsi, Payam"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502524", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia as a pandemic disease leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute cardiac injury, multi organ failure, and shock. In the absence of specific treatment for COVID-19, there is an urgent need to find the alternative treatments to manage this pandemic. Pathophysiological studies have demonstrated the role of inflammatory mediators in COVID-19 pneumonia. It appears that imbalances between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are the probable underlying mechanism. Since, there is no specific treatment for the inflammatory phase of COVID-19 pneumonia, consideration of treatments, such as tocilizumab, as salvage therapy is necessary. Here, we reported a challenging case of COVID-19 who was successfully treated with tocilizumab."}, {"pmid": 32529866, "title": "Covid-19: A Comprehensive Review of a Formidable Foe and the Road Ahead.", "journal": "Expert Rev Respir Med", "authors": ["Hussain, Arafat", "Yadav, Suniti", "Hadda, Vijay", "Suri, Tejas M", "Tiwari, Pawan", "Mittal, Saurabh", "Madan, Karan", "Mohan, Anant"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529866", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by the novel beta coronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromecoronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Within a short span, COVID-19 was declared a global public health emergency affecting 214 countries with 5,939,234 confirmed cases and 3,67,255 deaths as of 30 May, 2020. With limited knowledge about SARS-CoV-2, no approved treatment or vaccine is available till date. We performed a review of literature on PubMed on the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 illness including trials of preventive and therapeutic measures. This review presents the basic biology of coronaviruses, epidemiology of COVID-19, clinical presentations, investigational therapies and vaccines, infection prevention and control measures and the lessons from the present pandemic. The scale of the outbreak has brought the governments, healthcare professionals and scientists around the world under tremendous pressure to devise control strategies and develop novel prevention measures. While availability of vaccine for COVID-19 may take time, the disease may be contained through hand hygiene, physical distancing, travel restriction and aggressive steps such as 'lockdown'. Clinical trials at different phases are ongoing across different countries to expedite development of effective drugs and vaccine to overcome the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32505690, "title": "Remote Assessment of Clinical Skills during COVID-19: A Virtual, High-Stakes, Summative Pediatric OSCE.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Lara, Sebastian", "Foster, Christopher W", "Hawks, Matthew", "Montgomery, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505690", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294258, "pmcid": "PMC7262156", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in a psoriatic patient treated with IL-23 inhibitor.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Messina, F", "Piaserico, S"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294258", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347975, "title": "HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfected patients in Istanbul, Turkey.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Altuntas Aydin, Ozlem", "Kumbasar Karaosmanoglu, Hayat", "Kart Yasar, Kadriye"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347975", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348586, "title": "How to guarantee liver transplantation in the north of Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A sound transplant protection strategy.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Lauterio, Andrea", "De Carlis, Riccardo", "Belli, Luca", "Fumagalli, Roberto", "De Carlis, Luciano"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348586", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507401, "title": "Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: Current status and management practices.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Alandijany, Thamir A", "Faizo, Arwa A", "Azhar, Esam I"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507401", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently a global threat to human population. The numbers of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 are escalating daily, putting health care systems worldwide under tremendous pressure. Policymakers in the affected countries have adopted varying strategies to deal with this crisis. As a result, the current COVID-19 status in terms of number of cases and deaths hugely varies between countries. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have managed to limit the massive spread of the infection among their populations by implementing proactive plans and timely decisions in response to COVID-19 outbreak; measures taken included suspension of flights, closure of educational institutes, curfew and lockdown of major cities, and provision of free-of-charge healthcare to patients. This review summarizes the COVID-19 status as of 18 May 2020 and highlights prevention and control measures applied in the GCC countries."}, {"pmid": 32345646, "title": "BTK Inhibitors in Cancer Patients with COVID-19: \"The Winner Will be the One Who Controls That Chaos\" (Napoleon Bonaparte).", "journal": "Clin Cancer Res", "authors": ["Chong, Elise A", "Roeker, Lindsey E", "Shadman, Mazyar", "Davids, Matthew S", "Schuster, Stephen J", "Mato, Anthony R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345646", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, providers must consider how to optimally manage patients with hematologic malignancies. There is rationale both for and against continuation of BTK inhibitors in patients receiving these drugs for management of CLL and B cell lymphomas. Herein, we describe both benefits and risks of BTK inhibitor continuation. In favor of BTKi continuation, BTK plays an active role in macrophage polarization. By modulating key transcription factors, BTK may regulate macrophage polarization downstream of classic M1 and M2 polarizing stimuli and mitigate the hyperinflammatory state associated with COVID-19. In favor of BTKi discontinuation, we note a potentially increased risk of secondary infections and impaired humoral immunity. We hypothesize that the potential benefit of blunting a hyperinflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 through attenuation of M1 polarization outweighs the potential risk of impaired humoral immunity, not to mention the risk of rapid progression of B-cell malignancy following BTKi interruption. On the basis of this, we suggest continuing BTKi in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32451345, "title": "Response to: 'Are patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at increased risk for COVID-19?' by Favalli et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Mathian, Alexis", "Amoura, Zahir"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451345", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408757, "pmcid": "PMC7231901", "title": "Vietnamese Public Health Practices in the Advent of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for Developing Countries.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Dreisbach, Jeconiah Louis"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408757", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents a great challenge to developing countries with limited access to public health measures in grassroots communities. The World Health Organization lauded the Vietnamese government for its proactive and steady investment in health facilities that mitigate the risk of the infectious disease in Vietnam. This short communication presents cases that could benchmark public health policies in developing countries."}, {"pmid": 32479865, "pmcid": "PMC7258847", "title": "Lack of Antiviral Activity of Darunavir against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["De Meyer, Sandra", "Bojkova, Denisa", "Cinatl, Jindrich", "Van Damme, Ellen", "Meng, Christophe Buyck", "Van Loock, Marnix", "Woodfall, Brian", "Ciesek, Sandra"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479865", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the high need and the absence of specific antivirals for treatment of COVID-19 (the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2]), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors are being considered as therapeutic alternatives. Prezcobix/Rezolsta is a fixed-dose combination of 800mg of the HIV protease inhibitor darunavir (DRV) and 150mg cobicistat, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, which is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV infection. There are currently no definitive data on the safety and efficacy of DRV/cobicistat for treatment of COVID-19. The in vitro antiviral activity of darunavir against a clinical isolate from a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 was assessed. DRV showed no activity against SARS-CoV-2 at clinically relevant concentrations (EC50 >100\u03bcM). Remdesivir, used as a positive control, showed potent antiviral activity (EC50=0.38\u03bcM). Overall, the data do not support the use of DRV for treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32289259, "pmcid": "PMC7151255", "title": "Reflections on COVID-19.", "journal": "J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs", "authors": ["Lowe, Nancy K"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289259", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425203, "pmcid": "PMC7230136", "title": "A DEDICATED PATH TO EMERGENT THORACIC SURGERY IN COVID-19 PATIENTS: AN ITALIAN INSTITUTION PROTOCOL.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Vanni, Camilla", "Maurizi, Giulio", "Rocco, Monica", "Rendina, Erino Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425203", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic pointed out that the need to ensure emergent surgery in positive for infection patients is no longer hypothetical. Among emergency procedures, thoracic surgical operations are frequent. A standardized surgical pathway is mandatory in order to achieve effective and safe management of this subset of patients. We briefly present the protocol adopted by our thoracic surgery division."}, {"pmid": 32476163, "title": "Eating and exercise behaviors in eating disorders and the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: Initial results from the COLLATE project.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Phillipou, Andrea", "Meyer, Denny", "Neill, Erica", "Tan, Eric J", "Toh, Wei Lin", "Van Rheenen, Tamsyn E", "Rossell, Susan L"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476163", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging evidence suggests that the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may be negatively impacting mental health. The impact on eating and exercise behaviors is, however, currently unknown. This study aimed to identify changes in eating and exercise behaviors in an Australian sample among individuals with an eating disorder, and the general population, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. A total of 5,469 participants, 180 of whom self-reported an eating disorder history, completed questions relating to changes in eating and exercise behaviors since the emergence of the pandemic, as part of the COLLATE (COvid-19 and you: mentaL heaLth in AusTralia now survEy) project; a national survey launched in Australia on April 1, 2020. In the eating disorders group, increased restricting, binge eating, purging, and exercise behaviors were found. In the general population, both increased restricting and binge eating behaviors were reported; however, respondents reported less exercise relative to before the pandemic. The findings have important implications for providing greater monitoring and support for eating disorder patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the mental and physical health impacts of changed eating and exercise behaviors in the general population need to be acknowledged and monitored for potential long-term consequences."}, {"pmid": 31997390, "pmcid": "PMC7166825", "title": "Potential of large \"first generation\" human-to-human transmission of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Xingguang", "Zai, Junjie", "Wang, Xiaomei", "Li, Yi"], "date": "2020-01-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31997390", "countries": ["China", "Thailand"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the genetic diversity, time origin, and evolutionary history of the 2019-nCoV outbreak in China and Thailand, a total of 12 genome sequences of the virus with known sampling date (24 December 2019 and 13 January 2020) and geographic location (primarily Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China, but also Bangkok, Thailand) were analyzed. Phylogenetic and likelihood-mapping analyses of these genome sequences were performed. On the basis of our results, the star-like signal and topology of 2019-nCoV may be indicative of potentially large \"first generation\" human-to-human virus transmission. We estimated that 2019-nCoV likely originated in Wuhan on 9 November 2019 (95% credible interval: 25 September 2019 and 19 December 2019), and that Wuhan is the major hub for the spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak in China and elsewhere. Our results could be useful for designing effective prevention strategies for 2019-nCoV in China and beyond."}, {"pmid": 32250968, "pmcid": "PMC7259985", "title": "Kidney diseases in the time of COVID-19: major challenges to patient care.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Rabb, Hamid"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250968", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400852, "title": "Is Alcohol in Hand Sanitizers Absorbed Through the Skin or Lungs? Implications for Disulfiram Treatment.", "journal": "Alcohol Alcohol", "authors": ["Brewer, Colin", "Streel, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In view of the increase in the use of ethanol-containing hand sanitizers throughout the world due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, we wished to review the possible risks to patients treated with disulfiram, following a case report in which an apparent DER (disulfiram-ethanol reaction) was attributed to the cutaneous absorption of alcohol from hand sanitizers as well as by inhalation of vapour. Simple experiments to assess the levels of absorption by each route separately. Our results strongly suggest that while amounts of alcohol sufficient to cause a DER may be inhaled when hand sanitizers are used in confined spaces, absorption can be avoided by dispersal of the fumes, and absorption from the skin alone does not occur in pharmacologically significant quantities. Warnings about absorption of alcohol through the skin from hand sanitizers and products such as perfumes, deodorants and after-shave (whose use is often warned against when disulfiram is prescribed) should be modified accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32478496, "title": "Editorial - Child oral health; is there anything more to know?", "journal": "Community Dent Health", "authors": ["Ravaghi, V", "Salomon-Ibarra, C", "Morris, J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478496", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It seems a strange thing to be writing about child oral health in the middle of a virus pandemic that has, in the UK at least, paused all routine dental care. Perhaps not; as thoughts turn to the return of \"normal\" opera- tion there are concerns over potential ongoing impacts from COVID-19 on health services including stricter infection-control requirements and economic impacts from the lockdown. It invites ridicule to try and predict what will happen in the coming years, but the economic and social impacts are likely to increase vulnerability among the already vulnerable and the delivery of dental care is likely to be more problematic and more expensive. More than ever we need to reduce the burden of avoidable dental disease."}, {"pmid": 32419876, "pmcid": "PMC7224348", "title": "Early decrease in blood platelet count is associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients-indications for predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach.", "journal": "EPMA J", "authors": ["Zhao, Xiaofang", "Wang, Kun", "Zuo, Peiyuan", "Liu, Yuwei", "Zhang, Meng", "Xie, Songpu", "Zhang, Hao", "Chen, Xinglin", "Liu, Chengyun"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419876", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Changes in platelet count are common in COVID-19 patients. The platelet count reflects the thrombocyte turnover, acting as a sensitive indicator of illness severity that is of great clinical utility to monitor a quickly changing health condition of patients affected by aggressive viral infections. This study aims to investigate the significance of platelet count during the progression of the disease in COVID-19 patients. A total of 532 COVID-19 patients were involved in the cohort study from the First People's Hospital of Jiangxia District in Wuhan from January 7, 2020, to February 28, 2020. We collected the clinical characteristics and laboratory data of patients. Patients still hospitalized before February 29, 2020, died on admission, with malignant tumors, previous gastrointestinal surgery, missing baseline platelet count, or platelet count detected only once, were excluded. We used a generalized additive model and generalized additive mixed model to compare trends in platelet count over time among survivors and non-survivors, with an adjustment for potential confounders. During the follow-up, twenty-nine subjects died (mortality rate, 5.45%). The platelets among non-survivors decreased and among survivors increased gradually within 1\u00a0week after admission. In addition, the difference between the two groups showed an increasing trend during 1\u00a0week after admission. This difference increased by an average of 5.3\u2009\u00d7\u200910^9/L daily. In the early stage, platelet count can dynamically reflect the pathophysiological changes in COVID-19 patients. Early decrease in platelet count was associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19. Causality, however, cannot be deduced from our data."}, {"pmid": 32485316, "pmcid": "PMC7260530", "title": "Pentoxifylline and complicated COVID-19: A pathophysiologically based treatment proposal.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Assimakopoulos, Stelios F", "Seintis, Fotios", "Marangos, Markos"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485316", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233443, "pmcid": "PMC7153046", "title": "Letter to the Editor Regarding the Viewpoint \"Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host-Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanism\".", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Toljan, Karlo"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233443", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236661, "pmcid": "PMC7110290", "title": "The world is upside down; how coronavirus changes the way we care for our patients.", "journal": "Int Urogynecol J", "authors": ["Rogers, Rebecca G", "Swift, Steve"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236661", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250960, "pmcid": "PMC7147328", "title": "Misinformation of COVID-19 on the Internet: Infodemiology Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Cuan-Baltazar, Jose Yunam", "Munoz-Perez, Maria Jose", "Robledo-Vega, Carolina", "Perez-Zepeda, Maria Fernanda", "Soto-Vega, Elena"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250960", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The internet has become an important source of health information for users worldwide. The novel coronavirus caused a pandemic search for information with broad dissemination of false or misleading health information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and readability of online information about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was a trending topic on the internet, using validated instruments and relating the quality of information to its readability. The search was based on the term \"Wuhan Coronavirus\" on the Google website (February 6, 2020). At the search time, the terms \"COVID-19\" or \"SARS-CoV-2\" (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) did not exist. Critical analysis was performed on the first 110 hits using the Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct (HONcode), the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark, the DISCERN instrument, and Google ranking. The first 110 websites were critically analyzed, and only 1.8% (n=2) of the websites had the HONcode seal. The JAMA benchmark showed that 39.1% (n=43) of the websites did not have any of the categories required by this tool, and only 10.0% (11/110) of the websites had the four quality criteria required by JAMA. The DISCERN score showed that 70.0% (n=77) of the websites were evaluated as having a low score and none were rated as having a high score. Nonhealth personnel and the scientific community need to be aware about the quality of the information they read and produce, respectively. The Wuhan coronavirus health crisis misinformation was produced by the media, and the misinformation was obtained by users from the internet. The use of the internet has a risk to public health, and, in cases like this, the governments should be developing strategies to regulate health information on the internet without censuring the population. By February 6, 2020, no quality information was available on the internet about COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32235187, "pmcid": "PMC7253040", "title": "A Comparative Study of Chest Computed Tomography Features in Young and Older Adults With Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Zhu, Tingting", "Wang, Yujin", "Zhou, Shuchang", "Zhang, Na", "Xia, Liming"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235187", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the most common computed tomography (CT) findings of pneumonia caused by new coronavirus in younger patients (60 and younger) and older adults (older than 60). The chest CT images of 72 symptomatic patients with corona virus disease (COVID-19) were analyzed retrospectively, including 44 younger patients (47.5\u00b18.7\u2009y old) and 28 older patients (68.4\u00b16.0\u2009y old). CT findings including density (pure ground-glass opacities, ground-glass opacities with consolidation, consolidation), the number of lobes involved, lesion distribution, and the main accompanying signs were analyzed and compared. Characteristic CT findings included the lobes of bilateral lung extensively involved, ground-glass opacity and ground-glass opacity with consolidation in the peripheral area, sometimes accompanied by interlobular septal thickening, and subpleural line and pleural thickening. Compared with the younger group, the proportion of extensive involvement of lung lobes was higher in the elderly group (71.4% vs. 36.4%, P=0.009), and subpleural line and pleural thickening were more likely to occur (50.0% vs. 25.0%, and 71.4% vs. 40.9%, P=0.030 and 0.011, respectively). Elderly and younger patients with corona virus disease have some common CT features, but older patients are more likely to have extensive lung lobe involvement, and subpleural line and pleural thickening. These differentiated characteristics may be related to the progress and prognosis of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32267560, "pmcid": "PMC7262253", "title": "Considerations for Statin Therapy in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharmacotherapy", "authors": ["Dashti-Khavidaki, Simin", "Khalili, Hossein"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267560", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241901, "pmcid": "PMC7211057", "title": "Prevention of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission in endoscopy: international recommendations and the need for a gold standard.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Ong, John", "Cross, Gail B", "Dan, Yock Young"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241901", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171063, "pmcid": "PMC7103952", "title": "Adoption of COVID-19 triage strategies for low-income settings.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Ayebare, Rodgers R", "Flick, Robert", "Okware, Solome", "Bodo, Bongomin", "Lamorde, Mohammed"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171063", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438880, "title": "Impact of social distancing on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: An urgent discussion.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Carvalho Aguiar Melo, Matias", "de Sousa Soares, Douglas"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438880", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341078, "title": "COVID-19 patients presenting with afebrile acute abdominal pain.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Gahide, Gerald", "Frandon, Julien", "Vendrell, Jean-Francois"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341078", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the surge in COVID-19 cases worldwide, the medical community should be aware of atypical clinical presentations to help with correct diagnosis, to take the proper measures to place the patient in isolation and to avoid healthcare professionals being infected by coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). To report that patients who subsequently test positive for COVID-19 may present with acute abdominal pain and no pulmonary symptoms, although they already have typical lung lesions on computed tomography (CT) scan. This case series is about three patients who presented to the emergency department of a community hospital in Montpellier, France, with acute abdominal pain. The three patients had an elevated C-reactive protein level. CT scans demonstrated no abdominal anomaly, but bilateral lung lesions at the lung bases, typical of COVID-19 lesions, were observed. COVID-19 RT-PCR tests were positive for the three patients.The patients were transferred to the COVID-19 centre for disease control at Montpellier University Hospital. As of 29 March 2020, two of those patients are still intubated in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the third was discharged home. COVID-19 infections may present as an acute abdominal pain. In our case series, CT scan findings helped us to suspect the correct diagnosis, which was subsequently confirmed with COVID-19 RT-PCR tests."}, {"pmid": 32316118, "pmcid": "PMC7230338", "title": "Global Spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Malaria: An Epidemiological Paradox in the Early Stage of A Pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Napoli, Pietro Emanuele", "Nioi, Matteo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316118", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current work, we discovered and analyzed the epidemiological paradox between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and malaria in the initial phase of the ongoing pandemic. From the analysis of distribution data, the endemic presence of malaria seems to protect some populations from COVID-19 outbreak, particularly in the least developed countries. In this sense, molecular and genetic variations associated with malaria (e.g., in ACE2) might play a protective role against coronavirus infection. Moreover, the mechanism of action of some antimalarial drugs, e.g., the antiviral function, suggests their potential role in the chemoprophylaxis of coronavirus epidemics, despite possible adverse effects (e.g., retinal toxicity). All these data provide important insights to understand the spreading mechanisms of COVID-19, and to direct scientific research toward the study of some currently available medications."}, {"pmid": 32491107, "pmcid": "PMC7269528", "title": "Individuals with covert severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: Are they a critical booby-trap?", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Amer, Fatma Abdelaziz"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491107", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32112887, "pmcid": "PMC7127674", "title": "Simulating and forecasting the cumulative confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in China by Boltzmann function-based regression analyses.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Fu, Xinmiao", "Ying, Qi", "Zeng, Tieyong", "Long, Tao", "Wang, Yan"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112887", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282922, "pmcid": "PMC7184371", "title": "Use of self-administered surveys through QR code and same center telemedicine in a walk-in clinic in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Perez-Alba, Eduardo", "Nuzzolo-Shihadeh, Laura", "Espinosa-Mora, Jaime Eugenio", "Camacho-Ortiz, Adrian"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282922", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504059, "pmcid": "PMC7273380", "title": "Many paths to COVID-19 lymphocyte dysfunction.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Hegde, Samarth"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504059", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220660, "pmcid": "PMC7270527", "title": "Challenges posed by COVID-19 to children with cancer.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Kotecha, Rishi S"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220660", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495323, "title": "[Intensive Care During a Global Epidemic].", "journal": "Hu Li Za Zhi", "authors": ["Lin, Yu-Hua"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495323", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly increasing the number of patients who are critically ill with this disease, with the related rate of mortality expected to peak in 2020 (Alhazzani et al., 2020). As severe acute respiratory syndrome is the major cause of mortality after COVID-19 infection, patients with COVID-19 who are prone to severe acute respiratory problems may require mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO; Alhazzani et al., 2020). Ongoing advances in intensive care medicine are continuing to improve survival in critically ill patients (Kaukonen, Bailey, Suzuki, Pilcher, & Bellomo, 2014). However, intensive care unit (ICU) survivors may experience complications and problems related to their disease and treatment such as critical illness polyneuropathy, critical illness myopathy, and post intensive care syndrome (PICS; Alhazzani et al., 2020). Harvey (2012) reported that 85%-95% of ICU patients have ICU-acquired weakness after ICU discharge and 74% of ICU patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome have cognitive impairment after ICU discharge. Physical disabilities, cognitive impairment, and mental or psychological distress (e.g., anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder) after ICU discharge may be symptoms of PICS, and may continue to affect surviving patients for several years after ICU discharge (Elliott et al., 2014; Held & Moss, 2019; Jackson et al., 2014; Jubran et al., 2010). Efforts to prevent and treat COVID-19 in Taiwan have proven more effective compared to most other places in the world. In addition to the low number of diagnosed cases, the mortality rate (seven of 440 confirmed cases) in Taiwan has been significantly lower than in most other countries (Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, ROC, 2020, May 14). However, post-discharge care for ICU survivors, especially those hospitalized after a sudden onset of severe disease symptoms and then discharged after a long ICU stay or after receiving mechanical ventilation, require specialized care to minimize PICS. Nurses are responsible not only for treating patients with the disease but also for preventing the further spread of disease. Therefore, providing continued care to patients discharged from the ICU is essential. Specifically, interventions to avoid PICS must be implemented rapidly by multidisciplinary medical teams during and immediately after ICU discharge."}, {"pmid": 32383819, "pmcid": "PMC7235530", "title": "COVID-19 infection in children and adolescents with cancer in Madrid.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["de Rojas, Teresa", "Perez-Martinez, Antonio", "Cela, Elena", "Baragano, Marta", "Galan, Victor", "Mata, Cristina", "Pereto, Alba", "Madero, Luis"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383819", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413820, "pmcid": "PMC7204644", "title": "Social isolation during Covid-19: Boon or bane to diabetes management.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Gupta, Sabrina", "Tang, Clarice", "Higgs, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413820", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450310, "pmcid": "PMC7243763", "title": "An Australian Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Implications on the Practice of Neurosurgery.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Antony, Joyce", "James, William Thomas", "Neriamparambil, Anna Jolly", "Barot, Dwarkesh Dharmendra", "Withers, Teresa"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450310", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study was designed to assess the impact of public health policy in Australia in response to the coronavirus disease identified in 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the delivery of neurosurgical services. Being essential services, we postulated that there would not be a decrease in elective and emergency neurosurgical presentations and surgeries. This is a prospective, observational, epidemiologic study in strict adherence to the \"STROBE\" (Strengthening The Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. It is a cross-sectional, multicentric study involving 5 tertiary neurosurgical centers to capture all public neurosurgical admissions in Queensland during the past 3 months (February-April, 2020) of significant public health policy changes to combat COVID-19. An analysis of the 1298 admissions for the Queensland population of 5.07 million Australians demonstrated a decrease in the number of elective and emergency admissions. The decline in elective admissions, particularly degenerative spine, benign neoplasms, and vascular pathologies, was a direct response of government strategy to curb activity to urgent surgical interventions only. Moreover, a trend toward fewer emergency admissions was also noted, partly explained by less trauma and also a decline in vascular pathologies including subarachnoid hemorrhage. In comparison with Europe and North America, this study demonstrates the impact of proactive public health measures in Australia that successfully flattened the COVID-19 curve while facilitating ongoing care of acutely unwell neurosurgical patients."}, {"pmid": 32415297, "title": "Food in a time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Plants", "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415297", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397816, "title": "Diffuse Myocardial Inflammation in COVID-19 Associated Myocarditis Detected by Multiparametric Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Luetkens, Julian Alexander", "Isaak, Alexander", "Zimmer, Sebastian", "Nattermann, Jacob", "Sprinkart, Alois Martin", "Boesecke, Christoph", "Rieke, Gereon Jonas", "Zachoval, Christian", "Heine, Annkristin", "Velten, Markus", "Duerr, Georg Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397816", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364491, "pmcid": "PMC7225212", "title": "Are COVID-19 survivors at increased risk for suicide?", "journal": "Acta Neuropsychiatr", "authors": ["Sher, Leo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364491", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360501, "pmcid": "PMC7189197", "title": "An invited commentary on \"The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic: A review\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Atar, Shaul", "Atar, Itai"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360501", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292843, "pmcid": "PMC7142676", "title": "Southern Italy: How the supply of radiation therapy, patient outcomes, and risk to health care providers have changed during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Portaluri, Maurizio", "Tramacere, Francesco", "Portaluri, Tommaso", "Gianicolo, Emilio A L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292843", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393136, "title": "COVID-19 and the Cerebro-Cardiovascular Systems: What do we Know so Far?", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Larson, Anthony S", "Savastano, Luis", "Kadirvel, Ramanathan", "Kallmes, David F", "Hassan, Ameer E", "Brinjikji, Waleed"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393136", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic of 2019-2020 has resulted in multiple hospitalizations, deaths and economic hardships worldwide. Though respiratory involvement in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is well-known, the potential cardiovascular and cerebrovascular manifestations are less-understood. We performed a PubMed and Google Scholar search and reviewed relevant literature regarding COVID-19 and cardiovascular system involvement. SARS-CoV-2 possesses high-affinity for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is highly concentrated in the lungs and cardiovascular tissue, thereby provoking concern for cardiovascular involvement in COVID-19 cases. Pre-existing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease has been shown in previous reports to be a risk-factor for severe infection. Based on our review of published studies, COVID-19 patients may be more likely to experience acute cardiac injury, arrhythmia, coagulation defects and acute stroke and are likely to have poorer outcomes as a result. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, more data regarding potential cardiovascular and cerebrovascular manifestations of the disease is required."}, {"pmid": 32358994, "pmcid": "PMC7267381", "title": "Asthma and COVID-19: is asthma a risk factor for severe outcomes?", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Johnston, Sebastian L"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358994", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Germany", "Korea, Republic of", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When I first read the manuscript that accompanies this editorial, upon its online publication on February 19th 2020(1), COVID-19 had already killed 2118 people in China, but only one person in Europe - an 80-year-old tourist from China, who died in France on the 15th February. I read the manuscript with grim fascination, as it was clear that SARS-CoV-2 had spread very rapidly in China which already had 74,576 cases and in South Korea which already had 58 cases, and that it was then invading Europe also, as France already had 12 cases, Germany 16, the UK 9, Italy 3, Spain 2 and other countries too."}, {"pmid": 32521554, "title": "[Management of Diagnostic Procedures and Treatment of Sleep Related Breathing Disorders in the Context of the Coronavirus Pandemic - German Respiratory Society (DGP)German Sleep Society (DGSM)].", "journal": "Pneumologie", "authors": ["Buchner, N", "Woehrle, H", "Dellweg, D", "Wiater, A", "Young, P", "Hein, H", "Randerath, W"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521554", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298415, "pmcid": "PMC7184418", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak in Italy: protecting worker health and the response of the Italian Industrial Hygienists Association.", "journal": "Ann Work Expo Health", "authors": ["Spinazze, Andrea", "Cattaneo, Andrea", "Cavallo, Domenico M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298415", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome - coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), i.e. the virus causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is dramatically increasing worldwide to the size of a pandemic. At the time of writing Italy is ranking first among countries both in terms of number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and in terms of number of deaths. Such a wide spread of COVID-19 has led to concern among workers who are facing the risk of becoming infected during the execution of their duties. We believe it is useful to remark on the need for professional expertise in the field of Occupational Hygiene in this emergency context, in which the indications provided by national and international bodies, the available scientific literature and the legal provisions are constantly and rapidly evolving. It is of fundamental importance that there is an effective analysis of expert inputs, to provide essential guidance to Health, Safety and Environmental managers and other prevention managers in workplaces. In this regard, not only a constant update of the regulatory framework is needed, but also a development and circulation of operational guidance to all the stakeholders to translate general indications into clear operating procedures and implementation tools to be adopted in the workplaces. We believe that the scientific associations in the field of Occupational Hygiene play a crucial role in guiding and assisting prevention professionals. There is considerable expertise in the occupational hygiene and exposure science communities that can help employers and workers to contain and delay the spread of Covid-19. For this reason, the Italian Association of Industrial Hygienists (AIDII - Associazione Italiana degli Igienisti Industriali) published documents containing operational guidelines to provide correct and constantly updated information for: (1) workers employed in essential activities (with low and medium risk of contagion), (2) health workers and other workers at high or very high risk of contagion, and (3) for the correct use and handling of personal protective equipment (PPE) for workers and for the population in general. It is worth pointing out that the documents produced are not intended to replace those produced by authoritative bodies, but to comply with and complete them by reporting an effective summary and further indications about the measures that should be taken in practice under the light of the Italian legislation. At present, the challenge is to produce scientifically-sound knowledge, appropriate tools and effective methodologies, by coordinating the initiatives of different scientific associations, with the final aim to effectively transfer them to employers and workers."}, {"pmid": 32427004, "title": "Can 3D printing of oral drugs help fight the current COVID-19 pandemic (and similar crisis in the future)?", "journal": "Expert Opin Drug Deliv", "authors": ["Hsiao, Wen-Kai", "Lorber, Barbara", "Paudel, Amrit"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the importance of a robust drug supply chain which can be quickly and flexibly ramped up to produce life-saving drug treatments. 3D printing (3DP) of oral solid dosage forms (OSDF) could be a viable part of the emergency drug production response to support vulnerable patients in rural regions and other isolated locations. In the context of the current pandemic, the suitability of different 3DP technologies will depend on the physicochemical properties, unit dose strength and BCS classification of the repurposed drug compounds currently being trialed for COVID-19. Furthermore, the deployment strategy should focus on simplifying dosage forms and formulations, scaling down the size and complexity of the printing systems and real-time quality assurance via process analytical technologies (PAT)."}, {"pmid": 32315386, "pmcid": "PMC7188159", "title": "Atypical presentation of COVID-19 in a frail older person.", "journal": "Age Ageing", "authors": ["Tay, Hui Sian", "Harwood, Rowan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315386", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Common symptoms of pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) include fever and cough. We describe a 94-year-old man with well-controlled schizoaffective disorder, who presented with non-specific and atypical symptoms: delirium, low-grade pyrexia and abdominal pain. He was given antibiotics for infection of unknown source, subsequently refined to treatment for community-acquired pneumonia. Despite active treatment, he deteriorated with oxygen desaturation and tachypnoea. A repeat chest X-ray showed widespread opacification. A postmortem throat swab identified COVID-19 infection. He was treated in three wards over 5 days with no infection control precautions. This has implications for the screening, assessment and isolation of frail older people to COVID-specific clinical facilities and highlights the potential for spread among healthcare professionals and other patients."}, {"pmid": 32376308, "pmcid": "PMC7196544", "title": "Lymphopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A systemic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Qianwen", "Meng, Meng", "Kumar, Rahul", "Wu, Yinlian", "Huang, Jiaofeng", "Deng, Yunlei", "Weng, Zhiyuan", "Yang, Li"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376308", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new respiratory and systemic disease which needs quick identification of potential critical patients. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the relationship between lymphocyte count and the severity of COVID-19. A comprehensive systematic literature search was carried out to find studies published from December 2019 to 22 March 2020 from five databases. The language of literatures included English and Chinese. Mean difference (MD) of lymphocyte count in COVID-19 patients with or without severe disease and odds ratio (OR) of lymphopenia for severe form of COVID-19 was evaluated with this meta-analysis. Overall 13 case-series with a total of 2282 cases were included in the study. The pooled analysis showed that lymphocyte count was significantly lower in severe COVID-19 patients (MD -0.31\u00d7109/L; 95%CI: -0.42 to -0.19\u00d7109/L). The presence of lymphopenia was associated with nearly threefold increased risk of severe COVID-19 (Random effects model, OR=2.99, 95% CI: 1.31-6.82). Lymphopenia is a prominent part of severe COVID-19 and a lymphocyte count of less than 1.5\u00d7109/L may be useful in predicting the severity clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32383793, "pmcid": "PMC7272952", "title": "Lung Ultrasound and the COVID-19 \"Pattern\": Not All That Glitters Today Is Gold Tomorrow.", "journal": "J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Vetrugno, Luigi", "Bove, Tiziana", "Orso, Daniele", "Bassi, Flavio", "Boero, Enrico", "Ferrari, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383793", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461407, "title": "Evolving consensus on managing vitreo-retina and uvea practice in post-COVID-19 pandemic era.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Gupta, Vishali", "Rajendran, Anand", "Narayanan, Raja", "Chawla, Shobhit", "Kumar, Atul", "Palanivelu, Mahesh Shanmugam", "Muralidhar, N S", "Jayadev, Chaitra", "Pappuru, Rajeev", "Khatri, Manoj", "Agarwal, Manisha", "Aurora, Ajay", "Bhende, Pramod", "Bhende, Muna", "Bawankule, Prashant", "Rishi, Pukhraj", "Vinekar, Anand", "Trehan, Hemant Singh", "Biswas, Jyotirmay", "Agarwal, Rupesh", "Natarajan, S", "Verma, Lalit", "Ramasamy, Kim", "Giridhar, A", "Rishi, Ekta", "Talwar, Dinesh", "Pathangey, Avinash", "Azad, Rajvardhan", "Honavar, Santosh G"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461407", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new challenges to the health care community. Many of the super-speciality practices are planning to re-open after the lockdown is lifted. However there is lot of apprehension in everyone's mind about conforming practices that would safeguard the patients, ophthalmologists, healthcare workers as well as taking adequate care of the equipment to minimize the damage. The aim of this article is to develop preferred practice patterns, by developing a consensus amongst the lead experts, that would help the institutes as well as individual vitreo-retina and uveitis experts to restart their practices with confidence. As the situation remains volatile, we would like to mention that these suggestions are evolving and likely to change as our understanding and experience gets better. Further, the suggestions are for routine patients as COVID-19 positive patients may be managed in designated hospitals as per local protocols. Also these suggestions have to be implemented keeping in compliance with local rules and regulations."}, {"pmid": 32333127, "pmcid": "PMC7182394", "title": "COVID-19 challenging cell biology.", "journal": "Protoplasma", "authors": ["Bullerdiek, Joern"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333127", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330332, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in children - Understanding the immune responses and controlling the pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Lu, Xiaoxia", "Xiang, Yun", "Du, Hui", "Wing-Kin Wong, Gary"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330332", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a cluster of patients with severe pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in the city of Wuhan, China. The disease is now termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the early reports, the patients were mainly middle-aged and elderly men, and children appeared to be less susceptible to this infection. With modern and efficient transportation, the disease quickly spread to almost all corners of the world and the mortality far exceeds that caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus. As the number of children with COVID-19 gradually increases, the disease has been documented in premature babies, infants, children, and adolescents. Severe and fatal cases in children are relatively rare. The burden of disease in children has been relatively low, but the high proportions of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infections in children deserve careful attention. A clear understanding of the immune responses to the virus in children and the transmission potential of asymptomatic children is of paramount importance for the development of specific treatments and vaccine in order to effectively control the ongoing pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32292212, "pmcid": "PMC7152864", "title": "Photopolarimetrical properties of coronavirus model particles: spike proteins number influence.", "journal": "J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transf", "authors": ["Petrov, Dmitry"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292212", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus virions have spherical shape surrounded by spike proteins. The coronavirus spike proteins are very effective molecular mechanisms, which provide the coronavirus entrance to the host cell. The number of these spikes is different; it dramatically depends on external conditions and determines the degree of danger of the virus. A larger number of spike proteins makes the virus infectivity stronger. This paper describes a mathematical model of the shape of coronavirus virions. Based on this model, the characteristics of light scattered by the coronavirus virions were calculated. It was found two main features of coronavirus model particles in the spectral region near 200nm: a minimum of intensity and a sharp leap of the linear polarization degree. The effect of the spike protein number on the intensity and polarization properties of the scattered light was studied. It was determined that when the number of spike proteins decreases, both the intensity minimum and the position of the linear polarization leap shift to shorter wavelengths. This allows us to better evaluate the shape of the coronavirus virion, and, therefore, the infectious danger of the virus. It was shown that the shorter the wavelength of scattered light, the more reliably one can distinguish viruses from non-viruses. The developed model and the light scattering simulations based on it can be applied not only to coronaviruses, but also to other objects of a similar structure, for example, pollen."}, {"pmid": 32190904, "title": "Alert for non-respiratory symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in epidemic period: A case report of familial cluster with three asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lu, Shubiao", "Lin, Jinsong", "Zhang, Zhiqiao", "Xiao, Liping", "Jiang, Zhijian", "Chen, Jia", "Hu, Chongjing", "Luo, Shi"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32190904", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rampaging around the world. However, asymptomatic carriers intensified the difficulty of prevention and management. Here we reported the screening, clinical feathers, and treatment process of a family cluster involving three COVID-19 patients. The discovery of the first asymptomatic carrier in this family cluster depends on the repeated and comprehensive epidemiological investigation by disease control experts. In addition, the combination of multiple detection methods can help clinicians find asymptomatic carriers as early as possible. In conclusion, the prevention and control experience of this family cluster showed that comprehensive rigorous epidemiological investigation and combination of multiple detection methods were of great value for the detection of hidden asymptomatic carriers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32278726, "pmcid": "PMC7194622", "title": "Rapid Response of an Academic Surgical Department to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Patients, Surgeons, and the Community.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Lancaster, Elizabeth M", "Sosa, Julie A", "Sammann, Amanda", "Pierce, Logan", "Shen, Wen", "Conte, Michael C", "Wick, Elizabeth C"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278726", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread, swift actions and preparation are critical for ensuring the best outcomes for patients and providers. We aim to describe our hospital and Department of Surgery's experience in preparing for the COVID-19 pandemic and caring for surgical patients during this unprecedented time. This is a descriptive study outlining the strategy of a single academic health system for addressing the following 4 critical issues facing surgical departments during the COVID-19 pandemic: developing a cohesive leadership team and system for frequent communication throughout the department; ensuring adequate hospital capacity to care for an anticipated influx of COVID-19 patients; safeguarding supplies of blood products and personal protective equipment to protect patients and providers; and preparing for an unstable workforce due to illness and competing personal priorities, such as childcare. Through collaborative efforts within the Department of Surgery and hospital, we provided concise and regular communication, reduced operating room volume by 80%, secured a 4-week supply of personal protective equipment, and created reduced staffing protocols with back-up staffing plans. By developing an enabling infrastructure, a department can nimbly respond to crises like COVID-19 by promoting trust among colleagues and emphasizing an unwavering commitment to excellent patient care. Sharing principles and practical applications of these changes is important to optimize responses across the country and the world."}, {"pmid": 32418244, "title": "Rapid Development of an Outpatient-To-Inpatient Crash Curriculum for COVID Providers.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Brunner, Matt", "Vogelman, Bennett", "Smith, Jeremy"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418244", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused critical staff shortages and thus required innovative approaches to bring providers into the hospital workforce (1), including those who may not have performed inpatient general medicine care for many years. Our educational group felt an urgent need to create educational content to re-familiarize these anxious providers with common inpatient scenarios. Our goal was to rapidly author and distribute high-yield educational resources to non-inpatient medical providers who could be pulled to cover inpatient general medicine services."}, {"pmid": 32486283, "title": "Reporter Replicons for Antiviral Drug Discovery against Positive Single-Stranded RNA Viruses.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Fernandes, Rafaela S", "Freire, Marjorie C L C", "Bueno, Renata V", "Godoy, Andre S", "Gil, Laura H V G", "Oliva, Glaucius"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486283", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Single-stranded positive RNA ((+) ssRNA) viruses include several important human pathogens. Some members are responsible for large outbreaks, such as Zika virus, West Nile virus, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, while others are endemic, causing an enormous global health burden. Since vaccines or specific treatments are not available for most viral infections, the discovery of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) is an urgent need. Still, the low-throughput nature of and biosafety concerns related to traditional antiviral assays hinders the discovery of new inhibitors. With the advances of reverse genetics, reporter replicon systems have become an alternative tool for the screening of DAAs. Herein, we review decades of the use of (+) ssRNA viruses replicon systems for the discovery of antiviral agents. We summarize different strategies used to develop those systems, as well as highlight some of the most promising inhibitors identified by the method. Despite the genetic alterations introduced, reporter replicons have been shown to be reliable systems for screening and identification of viral replication inhibitors and, therefore, an important tool for the discovery of new DAAs."}, {"pmid": 32362714, "pmcid": "PMC7194107", "title": "Incidence of COVID-19 among immigration police: Observation from Thailand.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Sriwijitalai, Won", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362714", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453692, "title": "Is thromboprophylaxis with high-dose enoxaparin really necessary for COVID-19 patients? A new \"prudent\" randomised clinical trial.", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Cattaneo, Marco", "Morici, Nuccia"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453692", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425486, "pmcid": "PMC7229952", "title": "[Nursing care for controlling coronavirus infections in positive cases: a narrative review.]", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Brito-Brito, Pedro Ruyman", "Martinez-Alberto, Carlos Enrique", "Cuellar-Pompa, Leticia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425486", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review aims to map scientific evidence in nursing care aimed at controlling coronavirus infections. A bibliographic search was conducted in the Medline, CINAHL, Scopus and WOS main databases, with no date limit and using the keywords \"transmission\", \"infection\", \"contagious\", \"spreads\", \"coronavirinae\", \"coronavirus\", \"COVID 19\", \"sars cov 2\", \"nurses\" and \"nursing\". Initially, 154 studies were identified and, after selecting them according to eligibility criteria, 16 were included. Among the main recommendations according to the available evidence are air exchange in rooms as a measure to reduce the risk of infection among patients; reinforcement of measures in intensive care units; follow-up of positive case contacts; and adequate training of professionals. The studies included in the review addressed infection prevention and control practices by analyzing risks associated with exposure and listing actions to avoid complications in critically ill patients. Patterns of case transmission, contacts and associated factors were identified. Professional knowledge and attitudes were also studied, showing the importance of good infection control training, and of sufficient equipment and adequate infrastructure.Nurses are important vectors of spread. Although there is little evidence available on the effectiveness of care to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, published studies on the prevention and control of previous outbreaks of coronavirus are of considerable value."}, {"pmid": 32203757, "pmcid": "PMC7174826", "title": "Policies on the use of respiratory protection for hospital health workers to protect from coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["Chughtai, Abrar A", "Seale, Holly", "Islam, Md Saiful", "Owais, Mohammad", "Macintyre, C Raina"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501504, "title": "The Importance of Long-term Care Populations in Models of COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Pillemer, Karl", "Subramanian, Lakshminarayanan", "Hupert, Nathaniel"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501504", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381502, "title": "Return to play after COVID-19: a sport cardiologist's view.", "journal": "Br J Sports Med", "authors": ["Dores, Helder", "Cardim, Nuno"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381502", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534206, "title": "Leptomeningeal involvement in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus infecting by COVID-19.", "journal": "Joint Bone Spine", "authors": ["Guven, Fadime", "Ogul, Hayri", "Turgut, Asli", "Tezcan, Alperen", "Kantarci, Mecit"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534206", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483000, "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with HIV - A Case Series.", "journal": "J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr", "authors": ["Okoh, Alexis K", "Bishburg, Eliahu", "Grinberg, Sagy", "Nagarakanti, Sandhya"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483000", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324118, "title": "Population-Based Estimates of Chronic Conditions Affecting Risk for Complications from Coronavirus Disease, United States.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Adams, Mary L", "Katz, David L", "Grandpre, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324118", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We estimated that 45.4% of US adults are at increased risk for complications from coronavirus disease because of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory disease, hypertension, or cancer. Rates increased by age, from 19.8% for persons 18-29 years of age to 80.7% for persons >80 years of age, and varied by state, race/ethnicity, health insurance status, and employment."}, {"pmid": 32381519, "title": "Prioritising paediatric surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Ladhani, Shamez N", "Amin-Chowdhury, Zahin", "Amirthalingam, Gayatri", "Demirjian, Alicia", "Ramsay, Mary Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381519", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265184, "title": "Ready for a long fight against the COVID-19 outbreak: an innovative model of tiered primary health care in Taiwan.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Chang, Brian Bih-Jeng", "Chiu, Tai-Yuan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265184", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419639, "title": "Viral loads in throat and anal swabs in children infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Yuan, Chunhui", "Zhu, Hongmin", "Yang, Yuan", "Cai, Xiaonan", "Xiang, Feiyan", "Wu, Huan", "Yao, Cong", "Xiang, Yun", "Xiao, Han"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419639", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay on anal swabs was recently reported to be persistently positive even after throat testing was negative during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, data about the consistent performance of RT-PCR assay on throat and anal swabs remain limited in paediatric patients. Here, we retrospectively reviewed RT-PCR-testing results of 212 paediatric patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection at Wuhan Children's Hospital. The diagnostic potential of these two types of specimens showed significant difference (positive rate: 78.2% on throat swabs vs. 52.6% on anal swabs, McNemar Test P\u2009=\u20090.0091) and exhibited a weak positive consistency (Kappa value was 0.311, P\u2009<\u20090.0001) in paediatric patients. Furthermore, viral loads detected on both throat and anal swabs also showed no significant difference (P\u2009=\u20090.9511) and correlation (Pearson r\u2009=\u20090.0434, P\u2009=\u20090.8406), and exhibited an inconsistent kinetic change through the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Besides, viral loads in the throat and anal swabs were correlated with different types of immune states, immune-reactive phase, and the resolution phase/immunologic tolerance, respectively. These findings revealed that RT-PCR-testing on throat and anal swabs showed significant difference for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlated with different immune state in paediatric patients."}, {"pmid": 32451564, "pmcid": "PMC7246968", "title": "[Temporary hyposmia in COVID-19 patients].", "journal": "HNO", "authors": ["Bocksberger, S", "Wagner, W", "Hummel, T", "Guggemos, W", "Seilmaier, M", "Hoelscher, M", "Wendtner, C-M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451564", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a\u00a0report on the high incidence of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients in the first cohort of COVID-19 patients in Germany (Webasto cluster). Loss of sense of smell and/or taste was reported by 26 of 63\u00a0COVID-19 patients (41%), whereas only 31% of the patients experiencing hyposmia had simultaneous symptoms of rhinitis. Smell tests were performed in 14 of these patients and taste tests in 10. The measurements were conducted in a\u00a0patient care setting in an early COVID-19 cohort. An olfactory disorder was present in 10/14 patients, before as well as after nasal decongestion. In 2\u00a0of these patients, hyposmia was the leading or only symptom of SARS-CoV\u20112 infection. All tested patients reported recovery of smell and/or taste within 8 to 23\u00a0days. The data imply that a)\u00a0COVID-19 can lead to hyposmia in a\u00a0relevant number of patients, the incidence was approximately 30% in this cohort; b)\u00a0in most cases, the olfactory disturbance was not associated with nasal obstruction, thus indicating a\u00a0possible neurogenic origin; and c)\u00a0the olfactory disorder largely resolved within 1-3\u00a0weeks after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. There were no indications of an increased incidence of dysgeusia. These early data may help in the interpretation of COVID-19-associated hyposmia as well as in the counseling of patients, given the temporary nature of hyposmia observed in this study. Furthermore, according to the current experience, hyposmia without rhinitic obstruction can be the leading or even the only symptom of a\u00a0SARS-CoV\u20112 infection."}, {"pmid": 32446324, "pmcid": "PMC7241971", "title": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human breastmilk.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Gross, Rudiger", "Conzelmann, Carina", "Muller, Janis A", "Stenger, Steffen", "Steinhart, Karin", "Kirchhoff, Frank", "Munch, Jan"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446324", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385126, "title": "Importance of collecting data on socioeconomic determinants from the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak onwards.", "journal": "J Epidemiol Community Health", "authors": ["Khalatbari-Soltani, Saman", "Cumming, Robert G", "Delpierre, Cyrille", "Kelly-Irving, Michelle"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disadvantaged socioeconomic position (SEP) is widely associated with disease and mortality, and there is no reason to think this will not be the case for the newly emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has reached a pandemic level. Individuals with a more disadvantaged SEP are more likely to be affected by most of the known risk factors of COVID-19. SEP has been previously established as a potential determinant of infectious diseases in general. We hypothesise that SEP plays an important role in the COVID-19 pandemic either directly or indirectly via occupation, living conditions, health-related behaviours, presence of comorbidities and immune functioning. However, the influence of socioeconomic factors on COVID-19 transmission, severity and outcomes is not yet known and is subject to scrutiny and investigation. Here we briefly review the extent to which SEP has been considered as one of the potential risk factors of COVID-19. From 29 eligible studies that reported the characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and their potential risk factors, only one study reported the occupational position of patients with mild or severe disease. This brief overview of the literature highlights that important socioeconomic characteristics are being overlooked when data are collected. As COVID-19 spreads worldwide, it is crucial to collect and report data on socioeconomic determinants as well as race/ethnicity to identify high-risk populations. A systematic recording of socioeconomic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 will be beneficial to identify most vulnerable groups, to identify how SEP relates to COVID-19 and to develop equitable public health prevention measures, guidelines and interventions."}, {"pmid": 32319436, "title": "[The choices in CoViD-19's time.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Rinnenburger, Dagmar"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319436", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In these times of insufficient resources for all there can be no shared decision-making, that is, a shared plan of care. Without attempting to subtly induce the patient to believe that it is the best decision for him. In the case of CoViD-19, we must rely on professionals: it is not the time for the anticipated treatment plan, for self-determination. Of course, we can always say \"no\"; but we hope that as soon as possible we will be able to take back all the freedoms that has just been conquered: that of end-of-life choices, after a process of sharing with the carers. But in this difficult moment someone can also feel a relief - that of the old paternalistic choices - that someone else decides for us."}, {"pmid": 32363224, "pmcid": "PMC7194056", "title": "Use of a novel adhesive suture retention wound closure device to prevent patient follow-up visits during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "JAAD Case Rep", "authors": ["Roybal, Lacey L", "Howerter, Stephanie", "Markus, Brandon", "Young, John", "Lear, William"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363224", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286694, "pmcid": "PMC7262029", "title": "Letter: Covid-19, and vitamin D. Authors' reply.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Tian, Yuan", "Rong, Long"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286694", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311650, "pmcid": "PMC7194884", "title": "Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 221 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Guqin", "Hu, Chang", "Luo, Linjie", "Fang, Fang", "Chen, Yongfeng", "Li, Jianguo", "Peng, Zhiyong", "Pan, Huaqin"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311650", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, an outbreak of acute respiratory illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, China. We aimed to study the epidemiology, clinical features and short-term outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. We performed a single center, retrospective case series study in 221 patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia at a university hospital, including 55 severe patients and 166 non-severe patients, from January 2, 2020 to February 10, 2020. Of the 221 patients with COVID-19, the median age was 55.0 years and 48.9% were male and only 8 (3.6%) patients had a history of exposure to the Huanan Seafood Market. Compared to the non-severe pneumonia patients, the median age of the severe patients was significantly older, and they were more likely to have chronic comorbidities. Most common symptoms in severe patients were high fever, anorexia and dyspnea. On admission, 33.0% patients showed leukopenia and 73.8% showed lymphopenia. In addition, the severe patients suffered a higher rate of co-infections with bacteria or fungus and they were more likely to developing complications. As of February 15, 2020, 19.0% patients had been discharged and 5.4% patients died. 80% of severe cases received ICU (intensive care unit) care, and 52.3% of them transferred to the general wards due to relieved symptoms, and the mortality rate of severe patients in ICU was 20.5%. Patients with elder age, chronic comorbidities, blood leukocyte/lymphocyte count, procalcitonin level, co-infection and severe complications might increase the risk of poor clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32186172, "title": "[Thoughts and practice on the treatment of severe and critical new coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, H C", "Ma, J", "Zhang, H", "Cheng, Y", "Wang, X", "Hu, Z W", "Li, N", "Deng, X R", "Zhang, Y", "Zheng, X Z", "Yang, F", "Weng, H Y", "Dong, J P", "Liu, J W", "Wang, Y Y", "Liu, X M"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32186172", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe and critical coronavirus pneumonia 2019 (COVID-19) often occurs in elder patients with multiple comorbidities, and severe hypoxemia events constitute a key factor for the deterioration of some cases. The critical type of COVID-19 could progress into acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction, which are the major causes of death. Early non-invasive ventilation (NIV) treatment of possible pathophysiological abnormalities is helpful to improve prognosis. Close monitoring of oxygenation, reducing patients' oxygen consumption, active psychological intervention, and rapid handling of severe hypoxemia events are the key factors for successful NIV treatment. In addition, active adjuvant therapies such as correcting coagulation dysfunction, providing proper nutritional support, accurate volume control, and safe individualized blood glucose monitoring are of great significance."}, {"pmid": 32372809, "pmcid": "PMC7195036", "title": "Facing two deadly viruses.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Yeung, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372809", "countries": ["Congo"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As covid-19 begins to take hold, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has detected its first new Ebola cases in months, reports Peter Yeung."}, {"pmid": 32235922, "title": "Coronavirus lockdowns have changed the way Earth moves.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Gibney, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235922", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501142, "title": "Older Workers in the Time of COVID-19: The Senior Community Service Employment Program and Implications for Social Work.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Halvorsen, Cal J", "Yulikova, Olga"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501142", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has long been the goal of many gerontological social work scholars to increase the ability and opportunity for people to be engaged in paid and unpaid work throughout the life course. Yet the COVID-19 pandemic is revealing and exacerbating the financial insecurity of many older adults. In this paper, we review information related to older workers and how they might be affected by this pandemic and its aftermath, paying particular attention to the most socioeconomically and physically vulnerable older workers. We also offer first-hand experiences from our careers working with and conducting scholarship on older workers, paying particular attention to recent actions by many in the Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP) network to provide paid sick leave to its low-income, older adult participants. We conclude with implications for social work scholarship and teaching, noting the uptick in technology use among older adults and the disparities that remain, as well as teaching that integrates discussions on the lifelong and cumulative effects of inequalities and marginalization and the need for additional researcher, student, and community collaborations."}, {"pmid": 32501810, "title": "ACE2 and TMPRSS2 variants and expression as candidates to sex and country differences in COVID-19 severity in Italy.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Asselta, Rosanna", "Paraboschi, Elvezia Maria", "Mantovani, Alberto", "Duga, Stefano"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501810", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progresses, prognostic markers for early identification of high-risk individuals are an urgent medical need. Italy has one of the highest numbers of SARS-CoV-2-related deaths and one of the highest mortality rates. Worldwide, a more severe course of COVID-19 is associated with older age, comorbidities, and male sex. Hence, we searched for possible genetic components of COVID-19 severity among Italians by looking at expression levels and variants in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes, crucial for viral infection.Exome and SNP-array data from a large Italian cohort were used to compare the rare-variants burden and polymorphisms frequency with Europeans and East Asians. Moreover, we looked into gene expression databases to check for sex-unbalanced expression.While we found no significant evidence that ACE2 is associated with disease severity/sex bias, TMPRSS2 levels and genetic variants proved to be possible candidate disease modulators, prompting for rapid experimental validations on large patient cohorts."}, {"pmid": 32145189, "pmcid": "PMC7128937", "title": "Covert COVID-19 and false-positive dengue serology in Singapore.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yan, Gabriel", "Lee, Chun Kiat", "Lam, Lawrence T M", "Yan, Benedict", "Chua, Ying Xian", "Lim, Anita Y N", "Phang, Kee Fong", "Kew, Guan Sen", "Teng, Hazel", "Ngai, Chin Hong", "Lin, Li", "Foo, Rui Min", "Pada, Surinder", "Ng, Lee Ching", "Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145189", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199510, "pmcid": "PMC7269717", "title": "Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Yao, Hao", "Chen, Jian-Hua", "Xu, Yi-Feng"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199510", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354724, "title": "Deprescribing in the time of covid-19.", "journal": "Drug Ther Bull", "authors": ["Phizackerley, David"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354724", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442720, "pmcid": "PMC7237953", "title": "A review of therapeutic agents and Chinese herbal medicines against SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Huang, Fangfang", "Li, Ying", "Leung, Elaine Lai-Han", "Liu, Xiaohua", "Liu, Kaifeng", "Wang, Qu", "Lan, Yongqi", "Li, Xiaoling", "Yu, Haibing", "Cui, Liao", "Luo, Hui", "Luo, Lianxiang"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442720", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been listed as a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO), and its harm degree is defined as a global \"pandemic\". At present, the efforts of various countries focus on the rapid diagnosis and isolation of patients, as well as to find a treatment that can combat the most serious impact of the disease. The number of reported COVID-19 virus infections is still increasing. Unfortunately, no drugs or vaccines have been approved for the treatment of human coronaviruses, but there is an urgent need for in-depth research on emerging human infectious coronaviruses. Clarification transmission routes and pathogenic mechanisms, and identification of potential drug treatment targets will promote the development of effective prevention and treatment measures. In the absence of confirmed effective treatments, due to public health emergencies, it is essential to study the possible effects of existing approved antivirals drugs or Chinese herbal medicines for SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, virus structure and targeting strategies of COVID-19. Meanwhile, this review also focus on the re-purposing of clinically approved drugs and Chinese herbal medicines that may be used to treat COVID-19 and provide new ideas for the discovery of small molecular compounds with potential therapeutic effects on novel COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32240094, "pmcid": "PMC7124956", "title": "Use of Rapid Online Surveys to Assess People's Perceptions During Infectious Disease Outbreaks: A Cross-sectional Survey on COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Geldsetzer, Pascal"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240094", "countries": ["United States", "India", "United Kingdom", "China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the extensive time needed to conduct a nationally representative household survey and the commonly low response rate of phone surveys, rapid online surveys may be a promising method to assess and track knowledge and perceptions among the general public during fast-moving infectious disease outbreaks. This study aimed to apply rapid online surveying to determine knowledge and perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the general public in the United States and the United Kingdom. An online questionnaire was administered to 3000 adults residing in the United States and 3000 adults residing in the United Kingdom who had registered with Prolific Academic to participate in online research. Prolific Academic established strata by age (18-27, 28-37, 38-47, 48-57, or \u226558 years), sex (male or female), and ethnicity (white, black or African American, Asian or Asian Indian, mixed, or \"other\"), as well as all permutations of these strata. The number of participants who could enroll in each of these strata was calculated to reflect the distribution in the US and UK general population. Enrollment into the survey within each stratum was on a first-come, first-served basis. Participants completed the questionnaire between February 23 and March 2, 2020. A total of 2986 and 2988 adults residing in the United States and the United Kingdom, respectively, completed the questionnaire. Of those, 64.4% (1924/2986) of US participants and 51.5% (1540/2988) of UK participants had a tertiary education degree, 67.5% (2015/2986) of US participants had a total household income between US $20,000 and US $99,999, and 74.4% (2223/2988) of UK participants had a total household income between \u00a315,000 and \u00a374,999. US and UK participants' median estimate for the probability of a fatal disease course among those infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was 5.0% (IQR 2.0%-15.0%) and 3.0% (IQR 2.0%-10.0%), respectively. Participants generally had good knowledge of the main mode of disease transmission and common symptoms of COVID-19. However, a substantial proportion of participants had misconceptions about how to prevent an infection and the recommended care-seeking behavior. For instance, 37.8% (95% CI 36.1%-39.6%) of US participants and 29.7% (95% CI 28.1%-31.4%) of UK participants thought that wearing a common surgical mask was \"highly effective\" in protecting them from acquiring COVID-19, and 25.6% (95% CI 24.1%-27.2%) of US participants and 29.6% (95% CI 28.0%-31.3%) of UK participants thought it was prudent to refrain from eating at Chinese restaurants. Around half (53.8%, 95% CI 52.1%-55.6%) of US participants and 39.1% (95% CI 37.4%-40.9%) of UK participants thought that children were at an especially high risk of death when infected with SARS-CoV-2. The distribution of participants by total household income and education followed approximately that of the US and UK general population. The findings from this online survey could guide information campaigns by public health authorities, clinicians, and the media. More broadly, rapid online surveys could be an important tool in tracking the public's knowledge and misperceptions during rapidly moving infectious disease outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32243677, "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak in Italy: Initial implications for organ transplantation programs.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Angelico, Roberta", "Trapani, Silvia", "Manzia, Tommaso Maria", "Lombardini, Letizia", "Tisone, Giuseppe", "Cardillo, Massimo"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243677", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already reached a pandemic dimension within a few weeks. Italy has been one of the first countries dealing with the outbreak of COVID-19, and severe measures have been adopted to limit viral transmission. The spread of COVID-19 may have several implications in organ transplant activity that physicians should be aware of. The initial experience gained during the COVID-19 outbreak shows that around 10% of infected patients in Italy need intensive care management to overcome the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Due to the exponential rise of infected patients we are now facing an actual risk of saturation of intensive care unit (ICU) beds. A restriction in the number of ICU beds available for both donors and transplant recipients may unfavorably influence the overall donation activity, and eventually lead to a reduced number of transplants. Preliminary Italian data show that a 25% reduction of procured organs has already occurred during the first 4\u00a0weeks of COVID-19 outbreak. This underlines the need to closely monitor what will be further happening in ICUs due to the COVID-19 spread in the attempt to preserve transplant activity, especially in Western countries where deceased donors represent the major organ resource."}, {"pmid": 32242993, "title": "Familial hypercholesterolaemia and COVID-19: triggering of increased sustained cardiovascular risk.", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Vuorio, Alpo", "Watts, Gerald F", "Kovanen, Petri T"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242993", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418751, "pmcid": "PMC7188657", "title": "Changes in Sexual Behaviors of Young Women and Men During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: A Convenience Sample From the Epidemic Area.", "journal": "J Sex Med", "authors": ["Li, Weiran", "Li, Guanjian", "Xin, Cong", "Wang, Yaochi", "Yang, Sen"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418751", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pandemic. Currently, data on changes in sexual behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak are limited. The present study aimed to obtain a preliminary understanding of the changes in people's sexual behavior, as a result of the pandemic, and explore the context in which they manifest. A convenience sample of 270 men and 189 women who completed an online survey consisting of 12 items plus an additional question were included in the study. The study outcomes were obtained using a study-specific questionnaire to assess the changes in people's sexual behavior. While there was a wide range of individual responses, our results showed that 44% of participants reported a decrease in the number of sexual partners and about 37% of participants reported a decrease in sexual frequency. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, partner relationship, and sexual desire were closely related to sexual frequency. In addition, we found that most individuals with risky sexual experiences had a rapid reduction in risky sexual behavior. The current findings contribute to identifying another potential health implication associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and report preliminary evidence of the need to provide potential interventions for the population. This study is the first to perform a preliminary exploration of sexual behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak. The generalizability of the results is limited, given that only a small convenience sample was used. During the height of the COVID-19 outbreak, overall sexual activity, frequency, and risky behaviors declined significantly among young men and women in China. Li W, Li G, Xin C, et\u00a0al. Changes in Sexual Behaviors of Young Women and Men During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: A Convenience Sample From the Epidemic Area. J Sex Med 2020;XX:XXX-XXX."}, {"pmid": 32356356, "pmcid": "PMC7267481", "title": "Management of CLL patients early in the COVID-19 pandemic: An international survey of CLL experts.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Koffman, Brian", "Mato, Anthony", "Byrd, John C", "Danilov, Alexey", "Hedrick, Brad", "Ujjani, Chaitra", "Roeker, Lindsey", "Stephens, Deborah M", "Davids, Matthew S", "Pagel, John M", "Shadman, Mazyar"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356356", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294052, "pmcid": "PMC7173240", "title": "COVID-19 Contact Tracing and Data Protection Can Go Together.", "journal": "JMIR Mhealth Uhealth", "authors": ["Abeler, Johannes", "Backer, Matthias", "Buermeyer, Ulf", "Zillessen, Hannah"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294052", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We discuss the implementation of app-based contact tracing to control the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and discuss its data protection and user acceptability aspects."}, {"pmid": 32370606, "title": "Individualizing Inpatient Diabetes Management During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Pasquel, Francisco J", "Umpierrez, Guillermo E"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370606", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes is associated with poor clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). During this pandemic, many hospitals have already become overwhelmed around the world and are rapidly entering crisis mode. While there are global efforts to boost personal protective equipment (PPE) production, many centers are improvising care strategies, including the implementation of technology to prevent healthcare workers' exposures and reduce the waste of invaluable PPE. Not optimizing glycemic control due to clinical inertia driven by fear or lack of supplies may lead to poor outcomes in patients with diabetes and COVID-19. Individualized care strategies, novel therapeutic regimens, and the use of diabetes technology may reduce these barriers. However, systematic evaluation of these changes in care is necessary to evaluate both patient- and community-centered outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32387564, "pmcid": "PMC7199730", "title": "Emergence of genomic diversity and recurrent mutations in SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["van Dorp, Lucy", "Acman, Mislav", "Richard, Damien", "Shaw, Liam P", "Ford, Charlotte E", "Ormond, Louise", "Owen, Christopher J", "Pang, Juanita", "Tan, Cedric C S", "Boshier, Florencia A T", "Ortiz, Arturo Torres", "Balloux, Francois"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387564", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a SARS-like coronavirus of likely zoonotic origin first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province. The virus has since spread globally, resulting in the currently ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The first whole genome sequence was published on January 5 2020, and thousands of genomes have been sequenced since this date. This resource allows unprecedented insights into the past demography of SARS-CoV-2 but also monitoring of how the virus is adapting to its novel human host, providing information to direct drug and vaccine design. We curated a dataset of 7666 public genome assemblies and analysed the emergence of genomic diversity over time. Our results are in line with previous estimates and point to all sequences sharing a common ancestor towards the end of 2019, supporting this as the period when SARS-CoV-2 jumped into its human host. Due to extensive transmission, the genetic diversity of the virus in several countries recapitulates a large fraction of its worldwide genetic diversity. We identify regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome that have remained largely invariant to date, and others that have already accumulated diversity. By focusing on mutations which have emerged independently multiple times (homoplasies), we identify 198 filtered recurrent mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Nearly 80% of the recurrent mutations produced non-synonymous changes at the protein level, suggesting possible ongoing adaptation of SARS-CoV-2. Three sites in Orf1ab in the regions encoding Nsp6, Nsp11, Nsp13, and one in the Spike protein are characterised by a particularly large number of recurrent mutations (>15 events) which may signpost convergent evolution and are of particular interest in the context of adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to the human host. We additionally provide an interactive user-friendly web-application to query the alignment of the 7666 SARS-CoV-2 genomes."}, {"pmid": 32514430, "pmcid": "PMC7273709", "title": "COVID-19 and the digestive system: More than just a \"flu\".", "journal": "JGH Open", "authors": ["Goh, Khean-Lee", "Chuah, Kee-Huat"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514430", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454174, "pmcid": "PMC7250129", "title": "Projecting the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on childhood obesity in the U.S.: A microsimulation model.", "journal": "J Sport Health Sci", "authors": ["An, Ruopeng"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454174", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States led to nationwide stay-at-home orders and school closures. Declines in energy expenditure resulting from canceled physical education classes and reduced physical activity may elevate childhood obesity risk. This study estimated the impact of COVID-19 on childhood obesity. A microsimulation model simulated the trajectory of a nationally representative kindergarten cohort's body mass index z-scores and childhood obesity prevalence from April 2020 to March 2021 under the control scenario without COVID-19 and under the 4 alternative scenarios with COVID-19-Scenario 1: 2-month nationwide school closure in April and May 2020; Scenario 2: Scenario 1 followed by a 10% reduction in daily physical activity in the summer from June to August; Scenario 3: Scenario 2 followed by 2-month school closure in September and October; and Scenario 4: Scenario 3 followed by an additional 2-month school closure in November and December. Relative to the control scenario without COVID-19, Scenarios 1, 2, 3, and 4 were associated with an increase in the mean body mass index z-scores by 0.056 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.055-0.056), 0.084 (95%CI: 0.084-0.085), 0.141 (95%CI: 0.140-0.142), and 0.198 (95%CI: 0.197-0.199), respectively, and an increase in childhood obesity prevalence by 0.640 (95%CI: 0.515-0.765), 0.972 (95%CI: 0.819-1.126), 1.676 (95%CI: 1.475-1.877), and 2.373 (95%CI: 2.135-2.612) percentage points, respectively. Compared to girls and non-Hispanic whites and Asians, the impact of COVID-19 on childhood obesity was modestly larger among boys and non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics, respectively. Public health interventions are urgently called to promote an active lifestyle and engagement in physical activity among children to mitigate the adverse impact of COVID-19 on unhealthy weight gains and childhood obesity."}, {"pmid": 32381022, "pmcid": "PMC7203711", "title": "The challenges facing indigenous communities in Latin America as they confront the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Meneses-Navarro, Sergio", "Freyermuth-Enciso, Maria Graciela", "Pelcastre-Villafuerte, Blanca Estela", "Campos-Navarro, Roberto", "Melendez-Navarro, David Mariano", "Gomez-Flores-Ramos, Liliana"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381022", "countries": ["Mexico", "Peru", "Bolivia, Plurinational State of", "Guatemala"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic struck Latin America in late February and is now beginning to spread across the rural indigenous communities in the region, home to 42 million people. Eighty percent of this highly marginalized population is concentrated in Bolivia, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru. Health care services for these ethnic groups face distinct challenges in view of their high levels of marginalization and cultural differences from the majority. Drawing on 30\u2009years of work on the responses of health systems in the indigenous communities of Latin America, our group of researchers believes that countries in the region must be prepared to combat the epidemic in indigenous settings marked by deprivation and social disparity. We discuss four main challenges that need to be addressed by governments to guarantee the health and lives of those at the bottom of the social structure: the indigenous peoples in the region. More than an analysis, our work provides a practical guide for designing and implementing a response to COVID-19 in indigenous communities."}, {"pmid": 32467365, "title": "COVID-19 research in Africa.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Bekker, Linda-Gail", "Mizrahi, Valerie"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467365", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412924, "title": "Resuming Elective Orthopaedic Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidelines Developed by the International Consensus Group (ICM).", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Parvizi, J", "Gehrke, T", "Krueger, C A", "Chisari, E", "Citak, M", "Van Onsem, S", "Walter, W L", "Abdelaziz, H", "Abolghasemian, M N", "Aboltins, C", "Al Maskari, S M", "Baldini, A", "Barnes, C L", "Basso, T", "Belden, K", "Benazzo, F", "Bhandari, M", "Bolognesi, M P", "Bosco, J A 3rd", "Bozkurt, N M", "Brown, T S", "Buttaro, M", "Carli, A V", "Catani, F", "Chen, J", "Cao, L", "Choe, H", "Clohisy, J C", "de Beaubien, B", "Della Valle, C J", "Diaz-Ledezma, C", "Dietz, M J", "Drago, L", "Ehrlich, G D", "Fleischman, A N", "Ghanem, E S", "Ghert, M", "Gomes, L S M", "Goswami, K", "Guerra-Farfan, E", "Higuera, C A", "Iorio, R", "Jennings, J M", "Kim, K I", "Kjaersgaard-Andersen, P", "Kunutsor, S K", "Kyte Lee, R", "Levine, B R", "Linke, P", "Malizos, K N", "Marcelescu, C E", "Marin-Pena, O M", "Mears, S C", "Mihalko, W M", "Memtsoudis, S G", "Miller Mont, A O", "Mullaji, A", "Lima, A L Munhoz", "Nandi, S", "Ohlmeier, M", "Otero, J E", "Padgett, D E", "Reed, M", "Rossi, R", "Sancheti, P", "Sandiford, N A", "Schwaber, M J", "Schwarz, E M", "Schwarzkpof, R", "Seyler, T M", "Spangehl, M J", "Sporer, S M", "Springer, B D", "Sousa, R", "Tornetta, P 3rd", "Witso, E", "Wouthuyzen-Bakker, M", "Zhou, Y"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412924", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492368, "pmcid": "PMC7261436", "title": "Leadership in the Aftermath of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Next Steps Post Surge.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Lexa, Frank J", "Fessell, David"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492368", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291259, "title": "Covid-19: why we need a national health and social care service.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Pollock, Allyson M", "Clements, Luke", "Harding-Edgar, Louisa"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291259", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387823, "pmcid": "PMC7194069", "title": "COVID-19 challenges to Pakistan: Is GIS analysis useful to draw solutions?", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Sarwar, Suleman", "Waheed, Rida", "Sarwar, Sahar", "Khan, Aisha"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387823", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a public health emergency that had caused disastrous results in more than 100 countries. The ability to detect disease outbreaks in the early stages is a key component of efficient disease control and prevention. With the increased availability of electronic health-care data and spatial analysis techniques, there is great potential to develop algorithms to enable more effective disease surveillance. The research focuses to develop a transparent user-friendly method to simulate the outbreak data. The paper describes the GIS tools to identify and define the field of investigation which requires consideration of the strengths and limitations of data collection instruments, facility of locational data collection, accuracy of locational data, and pertinent attributes for understanding disease risk. Using such information, it is quite easy for authorities to locate the highly effected area and take appropriate actions in that particular areas. However, GIS techniques, resources, and methods can be used in Pakistan for more effective investigation of vulnerable geographical locations."}, {"pmid": 32167823, "title": "Potential global pandemics: the role of the WHO and other public health bodies.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Glasper, Alan"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167823", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the emergence of the new coronavirus in China, Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses the response strategies adopted by international and national public health agencies."}, {"pmid": 32405072, "pmcid": "PMC7217792", "title": "SARS-CoV-2-induces acute and refractory relapse of systemic capillary leak syndrome (Clarkson's disease).", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["de Chambrun, Marc Pineton", "Cohen-Aubart, Fleur", "Donker, Dirk W", "Cariou, Pierre-Louis", "Luyt, Charles-Edouard", "Combes, Alain", "Amoura, Zahir"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405072", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201155, "pmcid": "PMC7195075", "title": "The evolution of CT characteristics in the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Lei, Pinggui", "Fan, Bing", "Yuan, Yingnan"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201155", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400927, "pmcid": "PMC7235492", "title": "COVID-19 and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Taub, Jeffrey W", "Ge, Yubin", "Xavier, Ana C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400927", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429041, "title": "COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Symptoms-A Case Report.", "journal": "Geriatrics (Basel)", "authors": ["Mackett, Alistair J", "Keevil, Victoria L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429041", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, a new illness secondary to a novel Coronavirus emerged in December 2019 in China. Our early understanding of the clinical features of COVID-19 has been based on case series emerging from the first outbreak in Wuhan. These features included fever, a dry cough, myalgia and dyspnea. Gastrointestinal symptoms were rarely reported as a key feature. We present a case report of a 74-year-old male who presented with symptoms of gastroenteritis and subsequently tested positive for COVID-19. This article aims to highlight an uncommon presentation of COVID-19 and that a high index of suspicion is required for COVID-19 in older people given their greater likelihood of presenting atypically."}, {"pmid": 32530815, "title": "Perspective of Medical Students on the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of 9 Medical Schools in Uganda.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Olum, Ronald", "Kajjimu, Jonathan", "Kanyike, Andrew Marvin", "Chekwech, Gaudencia", "Wekha, Godfrey", "Nassozi, Dianah Rhoda", "Kemigisa, Juliet", "Mulyamboga, Paul", "Muhoozi, Oscar Kabagambe", "Nsenga, Lauryn", "Lyavala, Musilim", "Asiimwe, Asaph", "Bongomin, Felix"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530815", "countries": ["Uganda"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health concern affecting over 5 million people and posing a great burden on the health systems worldwide. To determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of medical students in Uganda on COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an online, descriptive cross-sectional study in mid-April 2020, using WhatsApp Messenger. Medical students in 9 of the 10 medical schools in Uganda were approached through convenient sampling. Bloom's cut-off of 80% was used to determine good knowledge (\u226512/15), positive attitude (\u226520/25) and good practice (\u226512/15). Data of 741(response rate =30%) 1st- to 5th-year medical students, 468 (63%) male with a mean age of 24 \u00b14 years was analyzed. Majority (n=626, 84%) were pursuing a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) degree. Overall, 671 (91%) had good knowledge, 550 (74%) had positive attitude and 426 (57%) had good practices. Knowledge was associated with: fourth-year of study (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 4.1 (95% Confidence interval): 1.6-10.3; P<.01). Attitude was associated with: female sex (aOR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5-1; P=.04) and TV/Radio shows (aOR: 1.1; 95%CI: 0.6-2.1; P=.01). Practices was associated with: age \u2265 24 years (aOR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-2.1; P=.02) and online course (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.2; P=.03). Some 592 (80%) medical students were willing to participate in front-line care if called upon. Medical students in Uganda have sufficient knowledge on COVID-19 and are a large reservoir for healthcare response when the need arises. "}, {"pmid": 32408047, "pmcid": "PMC7198206", "title": "Development and initial validation of the COVID Stress Scales.", "journal": "J Anxiety Disord", "authors": ["Taylor, Steven", "Landry, Caeleigh A", "Paluszek, Michelle M", "Fergus, Thomas A", "McKay, Dean", "Asmundson, Gordon J G"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408047", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Research and clinical observations suggest that during times of pandemic many people exhibit stress- or anxiety-related responses that include fear of becoming infected, fear of coming into contact with possibly contaminated objects or surfaces, fear of foreigners who might be carrying infection (i.e., disease-related xenophobia), fear of the socio-economic consequences of the pandemic, compulsive checking and reassurance-seeking regarding possible pandemic-related threats, and traumatic stress symptoms about the pandemic (e.g., nightmares, intrusive thoughts). We developed the 36-item COVID Stress Scales (CSS) to measure these features, as they pertain to COVID-19. The CSS were developed to better understand and assess COVID-19-related distress. The scales were intentionally designed so they could be readily adapted for future pandemics. The CSS were developed and initially validated in population-representative samples from Canada (N = 3479) and the United States (N = 3375). A stable 5-factor solution was identified, corresponding to scales assessing COVID-related stress and anxiety symptoms: (1) Danger and contamination fears, (2) fears about economic consequences, (3) xenophobia, (4) compulsive checking and reassurance seeking, and (5) traumatic stress symptoms about COVID-19. The scales performed well on various indices of reliability and validity. The scales were intercorrelated, providing evidence of a COVID Stress Syndrome. The scales offer promise as tools for better understanding the distress associated with COVID-19 and for identifying people in need of mental health services."}, {"pmid": 32265538, "title": "The pandemic in pictures: how coronavirus is changing the world.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Stoye, Emma"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265538", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452955, "title": "Comment on A Low Cost, Safe and Effective Method for Smoke Evacuation in Laparoscopic Surgery for Suspected Coronavirus Patients.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Ott, Douglas"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452955", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428291, "title": "Fever with Rash in COVID-19: Viral Exanthema or Secondary Lesions?", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Goldust, M", "Abdelmaksoud, A", "Shuang, Z", "Xiang, C", "Navarini, A A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428291", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 originated in Wuhan, China and has developed into a pandemic since late 2019. The virus possesses powerful pathogenicity as well as transmissibility. Many open questions remain, including the description of potential involvement of other organs than the respiratory tract. Most patients have mild influenza-like symptoms. A minority, especially patients with chronic lung disease, develops lethal disease including severe pneumonia, pulmonary edema, rapidly developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ failure and septic shock."}, {"pmid": 32524893, "title": "Structural barriers to adhering to health behaviours in the context of the COVID-19 crisis: Considerations for low- and middle-income countries.", "journal": "Glob Public Health", "authors": ["Coetzee, Bronwyne Jo'sean", "Kagee, Ashraf"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524893", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "ABSTRACT In seeking to limit the number of new infections of COVID-19, governments around the world have implemented national lockdowns and guidelines about safe behaviours. Lockdown requires people to stay home and only leave when essential such as to purchase groceries and medication. In low- and middle-income countries, many of which have large proportions of the population living in precarity, lockdown forces millions of people to spend prolonged periods of time together in close proximity to one another and with limited resources. In many ways, efforts to contain the spread of COVID-19 in densely populated communities with limited access to food, water and sanitation may seem counter-intuitive and even impossible under conditions of precarity. In this paper, we explore the barriers to implementation of lockdown rules in conditions of precarity. We conceptualise the structural barriers by drawing on the Theoretical Domains Framework to explain how these barriers influence adherence to lockdown rules. We argue that without sufficient support or intervention to help poor communities mitigate these structural barriers, adhering to lockdown rules is difficult, resulting in continued COVID-19 infections."}, {"pmid": 32447292, "title": "Daring discourse: are we ready to recommend neuraxial anesthesia and peripheral nerve blocks during the COVID-19 pandemic? A pro-con.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Singleton, Michael N", "Soffin, Ellen M"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent joint statement from the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA) and the European Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Therapy (ESRA) recommends neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) illness. The benefits of regional anesthetic and analgesic techniques on patient outcomes and healthcare systems are evident. Regional techniques are now additionally promoted as a mechanism to reduce aerosolizing procedures. However, caring for patients with COVID-19 illness requires rapid redefinition of risks and benefits-both for patients and practitioners. These should be fully considered within the context of available evidence and expert opinion. In this Daring Discourse, we present two opposing perspectives on adopting the ASRA/ESRA recommendation. Areas of controversy in the literature and opportunities for research to address knowledge gaps are highlighted. We hope this will stimulate dialogue and research into the optimal techniques to improve patient outcomes and ensure practitioner safety during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32324456, "title": "COVID-19 safety in maternity care: lessons for the whole NHS.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Tingle, John"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324456", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses some recent reports in maternity care, which can be seen to also to have general application across all clinical specialities."}, {"pmid": 32343396, "pmcid": "PMC7267330", "title": "Covid-19 may present with acute abdominal pain.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Saeed, U", "Sellevoll, H B", "Young, V S", "Sandbaek, G", "Glomsaker, T", "Mala, T"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343396", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375884, "pmcid": "PMC7202463", "title": "Clinical evidence based review and recommendations of aerosol generating medical procedures in otolaryngology - head and neck surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Thamboo, Andrew", "Lea, Jane", "Sommer, Doron D", "Sowerby, Leigh", "Abdalkhani, Arman", "Diamond, Christopher", "Ham, Jennifer", "Heffernan, Austin", "Cai Long, M", "Phulka, Jobanjit", "Wu, Yu Qi", "Yeung, Phillip", "Lammers, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375884", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aerosol generating medical procedures (AGMPs) present risks to health care workers (HCW) due to airborne transmission of pathogens. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential for HCWs to recognize which procedures are potentially aerosolizing so that appropriate infection prevention precautions can be taken. The aim of this literature review was to identify potential AGMPs in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery and provide evidence-based recommendations. A literature search was performed on Medline, Embase and Cochrane Review databases up to April 3, 2020. All titles and abstracts of retrieved studies were evaluated and all studies mentioning potential AGMPs were included for formal review. Full text of included studies were assessed by two reviewers and the quality of the studies was evaluated. Ten categories of potential AGMPs were developed and recommendations were provided for each category. Direct evidence indicates that CO2 laser ablation, the use of high-speed rotating devices, electrocautery and endotracheal suctioning are AGMPs. Indirect evidence indicates that tracheostomy should be considered as potential AGMPs. Nasal endoscopy and nasal packing/epistaxis management can result in droplet transmission, but it is unknown if these procedures also carry the risk of airborne transmission. During the COVID-19 pandemic, special care should be taken when CO2 lasers, electrocautery and high-speed rotating devices are used in potentially infected tissue. Tracheal procedures like tracheostomy and endotracheal suctioning can also result in airborne transmission via small virus containing aerosols."}, {"pmid": 32501332, "pmcid": "PMC7255266", "title": "The other crisis.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501332", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Focusing on coronavirus is completely justified, but it isn't the only danger we face."}, {"pmid": 32268638, "title": "[Health protection guideline of schools and other educational institutions during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268638", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This guideline stipulates the management requirements, on-site hygiene operation, personal protection and comprehensive security of schools and other educational institutions. It is applicable to the unified standard prevention and control of schools and other educational institutions during COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32327396, "pmcid": "PMC7152883", "title": "COVID-19 and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin: What is the Link?", "journal": "Eur Urol Oncol", "authors": ["Hegarty, Paul K", "Sfakianos, John P", "Giannarini, Gianluca", "DiNardo, Andrew R", "Kamat, Ashish M"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327396", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The debate around the role of vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin has revived right in the time of the Coronavirus disease 19 pandemic. Since Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin is one of the most commonly delivered therapies in urology, in this editorial we discuss some points that we think will be of interest and guidance to practicing urologists during this public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32209383, "pmcid": "PMC7151357", "title": "Herd immunity - estimating the level required to halt the COVID-19 epidemics in affected countries.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Kwok, Kin On", "Lai, Florence", "Wei, Wan In", "Wong, Samuel Yeung Shan", "Tang, Julian W T"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209383", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318694, "pmcid": "PMC7188182", "title": "Can the COVID-19 crisis strengthen our treatment escalation planning and resuscitation decision making?", "journal": "Age Ageing", "authors": ["McIntosh, Luke"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318694", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355099, "pmcid": "PMC7224596", "title": "COVID-19 Response in the Global Epicenter: Converting a New York City Level 1 Orthopedic Trauma Service into a Hybrid Orthopedic and Medicine COVID-19 Management Team.", "journal": "J Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Konda, Sanjit R", "Dankert, John F", "Merkow, David", "Lin, Charles C", "Kaplan, Daniel J", "Haskel, Jonathan D", "Behery, Omar", "Crespo, Alexander", "Ganta, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355099", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed unprecedented challenges on the health care system in the United States with New York City at its epicenter. By the end of the 8 week (4/23/2020) since the virus's emergence in New York City, there have been 142,432 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 10,977 deaths attributed to complications from COVID-19-related illnesses. Secondary to policies enacted by the New York State government to limit spread of the virus, Orthopedic Surgery departments at hospitals around the area have witnessed an abrupt change in clinical demands. At a local level one trauma hospital in Queens, New York, Orthopedic Surgery elective cases have been cancelled, trauma consult volume has experienced a sharp decline, and both residents and attendings have been repurposed to meet the new clinical demands of this medical crisis. Our own orthopedic surgery service has adopted care for patients normally admitted to an internal medicine service in a novel Ortho-Medical COVID-19 management team. We prepared this primer to make our experience with caring for COVID-19 patents available as a reference for other surgical subspecialty services preparing to adjust the clinical focus of their hospital teams during this or future pandemics. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: Level V."}, {"pmid": 32331781, "pmcid": "PMC7165267", "title": "Ultrasound in COVID-19: a timeline of ultrasound findings in relation to CT.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Fiala, M J"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331781", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530147, "title": "[Standard procedures in dialysis during the Covid-19 epidemic].", "journal": "G Ital Nefrol", "authors": ["Ippolito, Michela", "Di Tria, Giovannni Battista", "Aldrigo, Cinzia", "Ricci, Mariangela", "Zoni, Ulisse", "Giordano, Antonino", "Cozzolino, Mario"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530147", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Scope: The aim of this document has been to define standard procedures for dealing with dialysis patients once the first cases of novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (Covid-19) were confirmed among the Italian population. Applicability: These procedures, that refer exclusively to the hospital's dialysis rooms, are currently implemented at the ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo in Milan and two smaller centers in the Milan area. Description: We describe the preemptive measures adopted by the staff at our dialysis unit since 24/02/2020, in order to slow down the transmission of Covid-19. They have allowed us to adopt a uniform approach towards all patients, streamlining the way we identify and deal with suspected, likely and confirmed Coronavirus infections. To start with, all patients coming to the hospital for their dialytic session have been treated as potentially infectious and everybody has been following closely the standard protocols regarding personal protective equipment (PPE)."}, {"pmid": 32359203, "pmcid": "PMC7267507", "title": "A Rapid Systematic Review of Clinical Trials Utilizing Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as a Treatment for COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Chowdhury, Md Sadakat", "Rathod, Jay", "Gernsheimer, Joel"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359203", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has presented clinicians with a difficult therapeutic dilemma. With supportive care as the current mainstay of treatment, the fatality rate of COVID-19 is 6.9%. There are currently several trials assessing the efficacy of different antivirals as treatment. Of these, chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have garnered the most attention. In this study, the literature currently available on CQ and HCQ as treatment of COVID-19 was surveyed using EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, MedRxiv, and one clinical trial registry. Upon gathering published and preprint trials, risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. There are currently seven completed clinical trials and 29 registered clinical trials focusing on HCQ or CQ as a therapeutic avenue for COVID-19. Of these, five of seven trials have shown favorable outcomes for patients using CQ or HCQ and two of seven have shown no change compared to control. However, all seven trials carried varying degrees of bias and poor study design. There are currently not enough data available to support the routine use of HCQ and CQ as therapies for COVID-19. Pending further results from more extensive studies with more stringent study parameters, clinicians should defer from routine use of HCQ and CQ. There are several clinical trials currently under way with results expected soon."}, {"pmid": 32390285, "pmcid": "PMC7273066", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Testing and Outcomes in the First 30 Days after the First Case of COVID-19 at an Australian Children's Hospital.", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["Ibrahim, Laila F", "Tosif, Shidan", "McNab, Sarah", "Hall, Samantha", "Lee, Hyun Jung", "Lewena, Stuart", "Daley, Andrew J", "Crawford, Nigel", "Steer, Andrew", "Bryant, Penelope A", "Babl, Franz E"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390285", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "International studies describing COVID-19 in children have shown low proportions of paediatric cases and generally a mild clinical course. We aimed to present early data on children tested for SARS-CoV-2 at a large Australian tertiary children's hospital according to the state health department guidelines, which varied over time. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. It included all paediatric patients (aged 0-18\u2009years) who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) or the Respiratory Infection Clinic (RIC) and were tested for SARS-CoV-2. The 30-day study period commenced after the first confirmed positive case was detected at the hospital on 21st March 2020, until 19th April 2020. We recorded epidemiological and clinical data. There were 433 patients in whom SARS-CoV-2 testing was performed in ED (331 (76%)) or RIC (102 (24%)). There were 4 (0.9%) who had positive SARS-CoV-2 detected, none of whom were admitted to hospital or developed severe disease. Of these SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, 1/4 (25%) had a comorbidity, which was asthma. Of the SARS-CoV-2 negative patients, 196/429 (46%) had comorbidities. Risk factors for COVID-19 were identified in 4/4 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and 47/429 (11%) SARS-CoV-2 negative patients. Our study identified a very low rate of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in children presenting to a tertiary ED or RIC, none of whom were admitted to hospital. A high proportion of patients who were SARS-CoV-2 negative had comorbidities."}, {"pmid": 32330632, "pmcid": "PMC7194926", "title": "Risk of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 infection in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis receiving a biologic treatment and renal transplant recipients in maintenance immunosuppressive treatment.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Gisondi, Paolo", "Zaza, Gianluigi", "Del Giglio, Micol", "Rossi, Mattia", "Iacono, Valentina", "Girolomoni, Giampiero"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330632", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32043976, "pmcid": "PMC7128924", "title": "A contingency plan for the management of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in neonatal intensive care units.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Wang, Jianhui", "Qi, Hongbo", "Bao, Lei", "Li, Fang", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32043976", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506258, "title": "Management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICU: statement from front-line intensive care experts in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Shang, You", "Pan, Chun", "Yang, Xianghong", "Zhong, Ming", "Shang, Xiuling", "Wu, Zhixiong", "Yu, Zhui", "Zhang, Wei", "Zhong, Qiang", "Zheng, Xia", "Sang, Ling", "Jiang, Li", "Zhang, Jiancheng", "Xiong, Wei", "Liu, Jiao", "Chen, Dechang"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506258", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic has swept all over the world, posing a great pressure on critical care resources due to large number of patients needing critical care. Statements from front-line experts in the field of intensive care are urgently needed. Sixteen front-line experts in China fighting against the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan were organized to develop an expert statement after 5 rounds of expert seminars and discussions to provide trustworthy recommendation on the management of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Each expert was assigned tasks within their field of expertise to provide draft statements and rationale. Parts of the expert statement are based on epidemiological and clinical evidence, without available scientific evidences. A comprehensive document with 46 statements are presented, including protection of medical personnel, etiological treatment, diagnosis and treatment of tissue and organ functional impairment, psychological interventions, immunity therapy, nutritional support, and transportation of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Among them, 5 recommendations were strong (Grade 1), 21 were weak (Grade 2), and 20 were experts' opinions. A strong agreement from voting participants was obtained for all recommendations. There are still no targeted therapies for COVID-19 patients. Dynamic monitoring and supportive treatment for the restoration of tissue vascularization and organ function are particularly important."}, {"pmid": 32487487, "pmcid": "PMC7250759", "title": "Tele-oncology in the COVID-19 Era: The Way Forward?", "journal": "Trends Cancer", "authors": ["Shirke, Manasi Mahesh", "Shaikh, Safwan Ahmed", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487487", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has had a devastating impact on the care of cancer patients. Thus, tele-oncology has become a necessity to improve cancer care. Several organisations have issued guidelines for its use during COVID-19. Despite certain shortcomings, tele-oncology has great potential to help cancer patients during COVID-19 and in the future."}, {"pmid": 32461219, "title": "Covid-19: UK government's defence of senior aide has damaged public and NHS confidence, say experts.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461219", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393664, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine in Patients with Rheumatic Disease Complicated by COVID-19: Clarifying Target Exposures and the Need for Clinical Trials.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Balevic, Stephen J", "Hornik, Christoph P", "Green, Thomas P", "Clowse, Megan E B", "Gonzalez, Daniel", "Maharaj, Anil R", "Schanberg, Laura E", "Eudy, Amanda M", "Swamy, Geeta K", "Hughes, Brenna L", "Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393664", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To characterize hydroxychloroquine exposure in patients with rheumatic disease receiving long-term hydroxychloroquine compared to target concentrations with reported antiviral activity against the 2019 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated total hydroxychloroquine concentrations in serum and plasma from published literature values, frozen serum samples from a pediatric lupus trial, and simulated concentrations using a published pharmacokinetic model during pregnancy. For each source, we compared observed or predicted hydroxychloroquine concentrations to target concentrations with reported antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The average total serum/plasma hydroxychloroquine concentrations were below the lowest SARS-CoV-2 target of 0.48 mg/L in all studies. Assuming the highest antiviral target exposure (total plasma concentration of 4.1 mg/L), all studies had approximately one-tenth the necessary concentration for in-vitro viral inhibition. Pharmacokinetic model simulations confirmed that pregnant adults receiving common dosing for rheumatic diseases did not achieve target exposures; however, the models predict that a dosage of 600 mg once a day during pregnancy would obtain the lowest median target exposure for most patients after the first dose. We found that the average patient receiving treatment with hydroxychloroquine for rheumatic diseases, including children and non-pregnant/pregnant adults, are unlikely to achieve total serum or plasma concentrations shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in-vitro. Nevertheless, patients receiving hydroxychloroquine long-term may have tissue concentrations far exceeding that of serum/plasma. Because the therapeutic window for hydroxychloroquine in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 is unknown, well-designed clinical trials that include patients with rheumatic disease are urgently needed to characterize the efficacy, safety, and target exposures for hydroxychloroquine."}, {"pmid": 32334809, "pmcid": "PMC7151281", "title": "Tracheal trauma after difficult airway management in morbidly obese patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Abou-Arab, Osama", "Huette, Pierre", "Berna, Pascal", "Mahjoub, Yazine"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334809", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330122, "pmcid": "PMC7260011", "title": "Panic prescribing has become omnipresent during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Caplan, Arthur L", "Upshur, Ross"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330122", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437936, "pmcid": "PMC7207113", "title": "Viral exanthem with \"Spins and needles sensation\" on extremities of a COVID-19 patient: A self-reported case from an Indonesian medical frontliner.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Putra, Bayushi Eka", "Adiarto, Suko", "Dewayanti, Santi Rahayu", "Juzar, Dafsah Arifa"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437936", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cutaneous manifestation is a newly reported clinical manifestation of COVID-19 infection. The clinical description of cutaneous manifestation is still not fully described. Our patient, a medical person, had viral exanthem distributed in the extremities along with a \"Spins and needles sensation,\" which differs from a previously published paper on cutaneous manifestations. The differential diagnosis of drug-induced skin rash and hand-foot-mouth disease was ruled out based on the patient's previous history and course of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32437316, "title": "Pathology and Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with Fatal Coronavirus Disease, United States.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Martines, Roosecelis B", "Ritter, Jana M", "Matkovic, Eduard", "Gary, Joy", "Bollweg, Brigid C", "Bullock, Hannah", "Goldsmith, Cynthia S", "Silva-Flannery, Luciana", "Seixas, Josilene N", "Reagan-Steiner, Sarah", "Uyeki, Timothy", "Denison, Amy", "Bhatnagar, Julu", "Shieh, Wun-Ju", "Zaki, Sherif R"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437316", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Characterization of the histopathology and cellular localization of SARS-CoV-2 in the tissues of patients with fatal COVID-19 is critical to further understand its pathogenesis and transmission and for public health prevention measures. We report clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic findings in tissues from 8 fatal laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States. All cases except 1 were in residents of long-term care facilities. In these patients, SARS-CoV-2 infected epithelium of the upper and lower airways with diffuse alveolar damage as the predominant pulmonary pathology. SARS-CoV-2 was detectable by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy in conducting airways, pneumocytes, alveolar macrophages, and a hilar lymph node but was not identified in other extrapulmonary tissues. Respiratory viral co-infections were identified in 3 cases; 3 cases had evidence of bacterial co-infection."}, {"pmid": 32223870, "pmcid": "PMC7234709", "title": "Keeping the Fire House Running: A Proposed Approach to Mitigate Spread of COVID-19 Among Public Safety Personnel.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Katzer, Robert J"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223870", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437706, "pmcid": "PMC7211665", "title": "Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA test results in a patient with fatal coronavirus disease 2019: a case report.", "journal": "Hum Pathol", "authors": ["Shao, Chen", "Liu, Hui", "Meng, Lingjia", "Sun, Lin", "Wang, Yankun", "Yue, Zhujun", "Kong, Heli", "Li, Hongjun", "Weng, Honglei", "Lv, Fudong", "Jin, Ronghua"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437706", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 65-year-old man was hospitalized owing to fever (38.6\u00a0\u00b0C) and dry cough since 4 days. He visited Wuhan 8 days ago. At admission, nasopharyngeal swab samples were taken, and polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA positivity. On day 9, after admission, the chest computed tomography scan showed diffuse ground-glass shadows in the patient's bilateral lungs. On day 11, his respiratory symptoms worsened. Subsequently, type I respiratory failure was diagnosed, coinciding with kidney injury, and subsequently, type II respiratory failure occurred, coupled with multiorgan failure including the heart and liver. However, the patient's constitution worsened although SARS-CoV-2 tests were negative since day 13. He died on day 21. Lung biopsy showed areas of diffuse alveolar damage, characterized by extensive acute alveolitis with numerous intra-alveolar neutrophil, lymphocyte, and macrophage\u00a0infiltrations. Microthrombi were seen in the dilated pulmonary capillaries. Immunohistochemistry staining\u00a0for SARS-CoV-2 N protein was negative. Taken together, the patient died of multiorgan failure although the SARS-CoV-2 infection was cleared already, implicating that for disease worsening, no active SARS-CoV-2 infection is required."}, {"pmid": 32238354, "title": "Covid-19: death rate is 0.66% and increases with age, study estimates.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238354", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344370, "pmcid": "PMC7180383", "title": "Industry 4.0 technologies and their applications in fighting COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Javaid, Mohd", "Haleem, Abid", "Vaishya, Raju", "Bahl, Shashi", "Suman, Rajiv", "Vaish, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344370", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID 19 (Coronavirus) pandemic has created surge demand for essential healthcare equipment, medicines along with the requirement for advance information technologies applications. Industry 4.0 is known as the fourth industrial revolution, which has the potential to fulfil customised requirement during COVID-19 crisis. This revolution has started with the applications of advance manufacturing and digital information technologies. A detailed review of the literature is done on the technologies of Industry 4.0 and their applications in the COVID-19 pandemic, using appropriate search words on the databases of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Research Gate. We found several useful technologies of Industry 4.0 which help for proper control and management of COVID-19 pandemic and these have been discussed in this paper. The available technologies of Industry 4.0 could also help the detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 and other related problems and symptoms. Industry 4.0 can fulfil the requirements of customised face masks, gloves, and collect information for healthcare systems for proper controlling and treating of COVID-19 patients. We have discussed ten major technologies of Industry 4.0 which help to solve the problems of this virus. It is useful to provide day to day update of an infected patient, area-wise, age-wise and state-wise with proper surveillance systems. We also believe that the proper implementation of these technologies would help to enhance education and communication regarding public health. These Industry 4.0 technologies could provide a lot of innovative ideas and solution for fighting local and global medical emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32356382, "title": "European Task Force on Contact Dermatitis statement on coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) outbreak and the risk of adverse cutaneous reactions.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Balato, A", "Ayala, F", "Bruze, M", "Crepy, M-N", "Goncalo, M", "Johansen, J", "John, S M", "Pigatto, P", "Raimondo, A", "Rustemeyer, T", "Schuttelaar, M-L A", "Svedman, C", "Aerts, O", "Uter, W", "Wilkinson, M", "Gimenez-Arnau, A"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356382", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475104, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 Presenting as Conjunctivitis.", "journal": "Korean J Fam Med", "authors": ["Ying, Ng Ying", "Idris, Nur Suhaila", "Muhamad, Rosediani", "Ahmad, Imran"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475104", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The world is currently challenged to handle this pandemic. The common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath. There are few reports on the association of SARS-CoV-2 with ocular abnormalities including conjunctivitis. We report a case of a 54-year-old woman who presented solely with conjunctivitis subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19. A lack of full history of her travel abroad was another issue leading to a delay in evaluating her COVID-19 status that increased the infection risk to her managing team. Thus, primary care practitioners should be suspicious of this atypical feature of COVID-19, thus enabling us to identify such patients at entry points. Maintaining safety measures while managing patients is also crucial."}, {"pmid": 32461405, "title": "COVID-19 crisis and residency education: A moment to seize the opportunity and create a new road map!", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Grover, Ashok Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461405", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302279, "pmcid": "PMC7234684", "title": "15 Smartphone Apps for Older Adults to Use While in Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Banskota, Swechya", "Healy, Margaret", "Goldberg, Elizabeth M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302279", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The maintenance of well-being, healthcare, and social connection is crucial for older adults (OA) and has become a topic of debate as much of the world faces lockdown during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OAs have been advised to isolate themselves because they are at higher risk for developing serious complications from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Additionally, nursing homes and assisted-living facilities across the country have closed their doors to visitors to protect their residents. Mobile technology such as applications (apps) could provide a valuable tool to help families stay connected, and to help OAs maintain mobility and link them to resources that encourage physical and mental well-being. Apps could address cognitive, visual, and hearing impairments. Our objective was to narratively summarize 15 apps that address physical and cognitive limitations and have the potential to improve OAs' quality of life, especially during social distancing or self-quarantine."}, {"pmid": 32373995, "title": "Bioinformatic analysis indicates that SARS-CoV-2 is unrelated to known artificial coronaviruses.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Dallavilla, T", "Bertelli, M", "Morresi, A", "Bushati, V", "Stuppia, L", "Beccari, T", "Chiurazzi, P", "Marceddu, G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373995", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the present coronavirus pandemic and some suggestions were made about its possible artificial origin. We, therefore, compared SARS-CoV-2 with such known viruses that were prepared in the laboratory and other relevant natural strains to estimate their genetic relatedness. BLAST and clustalW were used to identify and align viral sequences of SARS-CoV-2 to other animal coronaviruses (human, bat, mouse, pangolin) and related artificial constructs. Phylogenetics trees were then prepared using iTOL. Our study supports the notion that known artificial coronaviruses, including the chimeric SL-SHC014-MA15 synthesized in 2015, differ too much from SARS-CoV-2 to hypothesize an artificial origin of the latter. On the contrary, our data support the natural origin of the COVID-19 virus, likely derived from bats, possibly transferred to pangolins, before spreading to man. Speculations about the artificial origin of SARS-CoV-2 are most likely unfounded. On the contrary, when carefully handled, engineered organisms provide a unique opportunity to study biological systems in a controlled fashion. Biotechnology is a powerful tool to advance medical research and should not be abandoned because of irrational fears."}, {"pmid": 32269018, "pmcid": "PMC7234271", "title": "Mathematical modelling of COVID-19 transmission and mitigation strategies in the population of Ontario, Canada.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Tuite, Ashleigh R", "Fisman, David N", "Greer, Amy L"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269018", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Physical-distancing interventions are being used in Canada to slow the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, but it is not clear how effective they will be. We evaluated how different nonpharmaceutical interventions could be used to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and reduce the burden on the health care system. We used an age-structured compartmental model of COVID-19 transmission in the population of Ontario, Canada. We compared a base case with limited testing, isolation and quarantine to scenarios with the following: enhanced case finding, restrictive physical-distancing measures, or a combination of enhanced case finding and less restrictive physical distancing. Interventions were either implemented for fixed durations or dynamically cycled on and off, based on projected occupancy of intensive care unit (ICU) beds. We present medians and credible intervals from 100 replicates per scenario using a 2-year time horizon. We estimated that 56% (95% credible interval 42%-63%) of the Ontario population would be infected over the course of the epidemic in the base case. At the epidemic peak, we projected 107 000 (95% credible interval 60 760-149 000) cases in hospital (non-ICU) and 55 500 (95% credible interval 32 700-75 200) cases in ICU. For fixed-duration scenarios, all interventions were projected to delay and reduce the height of the epidemic peak relative to the base case, with restrictive physical distancing estimated to have the greatest effect. Longer duration interventions were more effective. Dynamic interventions were projected to reduce the proportion of the population infected at the end of the 2-year period and could reduce the median number of cases in ICU below current estimates of Ontario's ICU capacity. Without substantial physical distancing or a combination of moderate physical distancing with enhanced case finding, we project that ICU resources would be overwhelmed. Dynamic physical distancing could maintain health-system capacity and also allow periodic psychological andeconomic respite for populations."}, {"pmid": 32386808, "pmcid": "PMC7252005", "title": "Prevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among emergency department employees.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Madsen, Troy", "Levin, Nicholas", "Niehus, Karla", "Law, Karen", "Mayer, Jeanmarie", "Chapman, Matthew", "Johnson, Austin", "Hartsell, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386808", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350871, "title": "Analysis of vaginal delivery outcomes among pregnant women in Wuhan, China during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Liao, Jing", "He, Xiaoyan", "Gong, Qing", "Yang, Lingyun", "Zhou, Chunhua", "Li, Jiafu"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350871", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study vaginal delivery outcomes and neonatal prognosis and summarize the management of vaginal delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective analysis of medical records and comparison of vaginal delivery outcomes between 10 pregnant women with clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 and 53 pregnant women without COVID-19 admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between January 20 and March 2, 2020. Results of laboratory tests, imaging tests, and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests were also analyzed in neonates delivered by pregnant women with clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. There were no significant differences in gestational age, postpartum hemorrhage, and perineal resection rates between the two groups. There were no significant differences in birth weight of neonates and neonatal asphyxia rates between the two groups. Neonates delivered by pregnant women with clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Under the premise of full evaluation of vaginal delivery conditions and strict protection measures, pregnant women with ordinary type COVID-19 can try vaginal delivery without exacerbation of COVID-19 and without increasing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates."}, {"pmid": 32504552, "pmcid": "PMC7261432", "title": "Telemedicine as a tool for PrEP delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large HIV prevention service in Rio de Janeiro-Brazil.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hoagland, Brenda", "Torres, Thiago S", "Bezerra, Daniel R B", "Geraldo, Kim", "Pimenta, Cristina", "Veloso, Valdilea G", "Grinsztejn, Beatriz"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504552", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 public health responses such as social distancing and community containment measures protocols are critical to preventing and containing the spread of coronavirus. Brazil accounts for almost half of Latin American HIV cases and Rio de Janeiro is the city with the second largest number of AIDS. Clinical appointments and pharmacy antiretroviral refills may be impaired due to restricted traffic and possible lockdowns, preventing people living with HIV and those using PrEP from accessing needed antiretrovirals. We hereby describe the telemedicine procedures implemented in a large PrEP delivery service in Rio de janeiro in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the initial teleconsultation, individuals undergoe HIV rapid testing and are assessed by phone for PrEP related procedures. Individuals receive a digital prescription to retrieve a 120-day PrEP supply plus two HIV self-test kits. Subsequent follow-up teleconsultations will be performed remotely by phone call, including instructions for the HIV self-test performance, which results are to be sent using a digital picture. Participants will attend the service only for PrEP refill. The use of telemedicine procedures is being effective to avoid PrEP shortage and reduce the time PrEP users spend at the service during the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32345140, "title": "Stilbene-based natural compounds as promising drug candidates against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Wahedi, Hussain Mustatab", "Ahmad, Sajjad", "Abbasi, Sumra Wajid"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345140", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents a great threat to public health. Currently, no potent medicine is available to treat COVID-19. Quest for new drugs especially from natural plant sources is an area of immense potential. The current study aimed to repurpose stilbenoid analogs, reported for some other biological activities, against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human ACE2 receptor complex for their affinity and stability using molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy analysis based on molecular docking. Four compounds in total were probed for their binding affinity using molecular docking. All of the compounds showed good affinity (> -7\u2009kcal/mol). However, fifty nanoseconds molecular dynamic simulation in aqueous solution revealed highly stable bound conformation of resveratrol to the viral protein: ACE2 receptor complex. Net free energy of binding using MM-PBSA also affirmed the stability of the resveratrol-protein complex. Based on the results, we report that stilbene based compounds in general and resveratrol, in particular, can be promising anti-COVID-19 drug candidates acting through disruption of the spike protein. Our findings in this study are promising and call for further in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo testing of stiblenoids, especially resveratrol against the COVID-19. [Formula: see text] Communicated by Ramaswamy H. SarmaHighlightsStilbenoid analogs could be potential disruptors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human ACE2 receptor complex.In particular, resveratrol revealed highly stable conformation to the viral protein: ACE2 receptor complex.The strong interaction of resveratrol is affirmed by molecular dynamic simulation studies and better net free energies."}, {"pmid": 32521074, "title": "COVID-19 in Lung Transplant Recipients.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Myers, Catherine N", "Scott, J Harwood", "Criner, Gerard J", "Cordova, Francis C", "Mamary, A James", "Marchetti, Nathaniel", "Shenoy, Kartik V", "Galli, Jonathan A", "Mulhall, Patrick D", "Brown, James C", "Shigemura, Norihisa", "Sehgal, Sameep"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521074", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Solid organ transplant recipients are considered at a high risk for severe COVID-19 disease due to chronic immunosuppression, though their risk compared to that of the general population remains unclear. Management of lung transplant recipients can be particularly challenging given high levels of maintenance immunosuppression, high incidence of rejection, constant exposure of the graft to the external environment, and diagnostic uncertainty in patients with respiratory symptoms. There is currently limited data on manifestations, management, and outcomes in lung transplant recipients who develop this novel infection (1)."}, {"pmid": 32323572, "title": "Flexibility and safety in times of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Implications for nurses and allied professionals in cardiology.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs", "authors": ["Jaarsma, Tiny", "van der Wal, Martje", "Hinterbuchner, Lynne", "Koberich, Stefan", "Lie, Irene", "Stromberg, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323572", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278111, "pmcid": "PMC7136881", "title": "CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Pichi, Barbara", "Mazzola, Francesco", "Bonsembiante, Anna", "Petruzzi, Gerardo", "Zocchi, Jacopo", "Moretto, Silvia", "De Virgilio, Armando", "Pellini, Raul"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278111", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483236, "title": "Two linear epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that elicit neutralising antibodies in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Poh, Chek Meng", "Carissimo, Guillaume", "Wang, Bei", "Amrun, Siti Naqiah", "Lee, Cheryl Yi-Pin", "Chee, Rhonda Sin-Ling", "Fong, Siew-Wai", "Yeo, Nicholas Kim-Wah", "Lee, Wen-Hsin", "Torres-Ruesta, Anthony", "Leo, Yee-Sin", "Chen, Mark I-Cheng", "Tan, Seow-Yen", "Chai, Louis Yi Ann", "Kalimuddin, Shirin", "Kheng, Shirley Seah Gek", "Thien, Siew-Yee", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Lye, David C", "Hanson, Brendon John", "Wang, Cheng-I", "Renia, Laurent", "Ng, Lisa F P"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483236", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, identification of immunogenic targets against the coronavirus spike glycoprotein will provide crucial advances towards the development of sensitive diagnostic tools and potential vaccine candidate targets. In this study, using pools of overlapping linear B-cell peptides, we report two IgG immunodominant regions on SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein that are recognised by sera from COVID-19 convalescent patients. Notably, one is specific to SARS-CoV-2, which is located in close proximity to the receptor binding domain. The other region, which is localised at the fusion peptide, could potentially function as a pan-SARS target. Functionally, antibody depletion assays demonstrate that antibodies targeting these immunodominant regions significantly alter virus neutralisation capacities. Taken together, identification and validation of these neutralising B-cell epitopes will provide insights towards the design of diagnostics and vaccine candidates against this high priority coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32285028, "pmcid": "PMC7138361", "title": "Lung Changes on Chest CT During 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Breast Health", "authors": ["Cinkooglu, Akin", "Bayraktaroglu, Selen", "Savas, Recep"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285028", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292531, "pmcid": "PMC7144668", "title": "[Re: \"Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncological surgery during the Covid-19 epidemic\"].", "authors": ["Pessaux, Patrick"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292531", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492258, "title": "Proactive measures for the pandemic COVID-19 infection in outpatient clinics of Otolaryngology Department.", "journal": "Kaohsiung J Med Sci", "authors": ["Chien, Chen-Yu", "Wu, Jeng-Yih", "Wang, Ling-Feng"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492258", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268663, "title": "[Guidance for routine pathology practice during the prevention and control period of novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472808, "title": "Continuing Professional Development in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Contin Educ Health Prof", "authors": ["Kitto, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472808", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379037, "title": "Hospital Medicine Management in the Time of COVID-19: Preparing for a Sprint and a Marathon.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Garg, Megha", "Wray, Charlie M"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379037", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520832, "title": "Social Justice, Triage, and COVID-19: Ignore Life-years Saved.", "journal": "Med Care", "authors": ["Stone, John R"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520832", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457035, "pmcid": "PMC7252994", "title": "Novelty in the gut: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "BMJ Open Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Suresh Kumar, Vishnu Charan", "Mukherjee, Samiran", "Harne, Prateek Suresh", "Subedi, Abinash", "Ganapathy, Muthu Kuzhali", "Patthipati, Venkata Suresh", "Sapkota, Bishnu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457035", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic has affected over 2.6\u2009million people across 210 countries. Recent studies have shown that patients with COVID-19 experience relevant gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the GI symptoms of COVID-19. A literature search was conducted via electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar, from inception until 20 March 2020. Data were extracted from relevant studies. A systematic review of GI symptoms and a meta-analysis comparing symptoms in severe and non-severe patients was performed using RevMan V.5.3. Pooled data from 2477 patients with a reverse transcription-PCR-positive COVID-19 infection across 17 studies were analysed. Our study revealed that diarrhoea (7.8%) followed by nausea and/or vomiting (5.5 %) were the most common GI symptoms. We performed a meta-analysis comparing the odds of having GI symptoms in severe versus non-severe COVID-19-positive patients. 4 studies for nausea and/or vomiting, 5 studies for diarrhoea and 3 studies for abdominal pain were used for the analyses. There was no significant difference in the incidence of diarrhoea (OR=1.32, 95% CI 0.8 to 2.18, Z=1.07, p=0.28, I2=17%) or nausea and/or vomiting (OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.42 to 2.19, Z=0.10, p=0.92, I2=55%) between either group. However, there was seven times higher odds of having abdominal pain in patients with severe illness when compared with non-severe patients (OR=7.17, 95% CI 1.95 to 26.34, Z=2.97, p=0.003, I2=0%). Our study has reiterated that GI symptoms are an important clinical feature of COVID-19. Patients with severe disease are more likely to have abdominal pain as compared with patients with non-severe disease."}, {"pmid": 32242182, "title": "A consensus statement on the use of angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in relation to COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019).", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Talreja, Hari", "Tan, Jasmine", "Dawes, Matt", "Supershad, Sharen", "Rabindranath, Kannaiyan", "Fisher, James", "Valappil, Sajed", "van der Merwe, Veronica", "Wong, Lisa", "van der Merwe, Walter", "Paton, Julian"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242182", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There has been a lot of speculation that patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who are receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may be at increased risk for adverse outcomes. We reviewed the available evidence, and have not found this to be the case. We recommend that patients on such medications should continue on them unless there is a clinical indication to stop their use."}, {"pmid": 32303026, "title": "Impact of Human Disasters and COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health: Potential of Digital Psychiatry.", "journal": "Psychiatr Danub", "authors": ["Cosic, Kresimir", "Popovic, Sinisa", "Sarlija, Marko", "Kesedzic, Ivan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303026", "countries": ["Croatia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Deep emotional traumas in societies overwhelmed by large-scale human disasters, like, global pandemic diseases, natural disasters, man-made tragedies, war conflicts, social crises, etc., can cause massive stress-related disorders. Motivated by the ongoing global coronavirus pandemic, the article provides an overview of scientific evidence regarding adverse impact of diverse human disasters on mental health in afflicted groups and societies. Following this broader context, psychosocial impact of COVID-19 as a specific global human disaster is presented, with an emphasis on disturbing mental health aspects of the ongoing pandemic. Limited resources of mental health services in a number of countries around the world are illustrated, which will be further stretched by the forthcoming increase in demand for mental health services due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health challenges are particularly important for the Republic of Croatia in the current situation, due to disturbing stress of the 2020 Zagreb earthquake and the high pre-pandemic prevalence of chronic Homeland-War-related posttraumatic stress disorders. Comprehensive approach based on digital psychiatry is proposed to address the lack of access to psychiatric services, which includes artificial intelligence, telepsychiatry and an array of new technologies, like internet-based computer-aided mental health tools and services. These tools and means should be utilized as an important part of the whole package of measures to mitigate negative mental health effects of the global coronavirus pandemic. Our scientific and engineering experiences in the design and development of digital tools and means in mitigation of stress-related disorders and assessment of stress resilience are presented. Croatian initiative on enhancement of interdisciplinary research of psychiatrists, psychologists and computer scientists on the national and EU level is important in addressing pressing mental health concerns related to the ongoing pandemic and similar human disasters."}, {"pmid": 32499292, "title": "Covid-19: Validity of key studies in doubt after leading journals issue expressions of concern.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499292", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328724, "pmcid": "PMC7176814", "title": "15-day mortality and associated risk factors for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: an ambispective observational cohort study.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Wang, Ke", "Zhang, Zhiguo", "Yu, Muqing", "Tao, Yu", "Xie, Min"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328724", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296735, "pmcid": "PMC7156160", "title": "Prudently conduct the engineering and synthesis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.", "journal": "Synth Syst Biotechnol", "authors": ["Gao, Peng", "Ma, Shiwen", "Lu, Daru", "Mitcham, Carl", "Jing, Yijia", "Wang, Guoyu"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296735", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the outbreak of COVID-19 that has been sweeping the world, scientists reconstructed the SARS-CoV-2 rapidly using a synthetic genomics platform, in order to accelerate therapeutics and vaccine development. However, given the dual-use nature of this technology, there exists a high biosecurity risk. This paper points out the potential risks of the engineering SARS-CoV-2 virus and puts forward 6 questions to this work. The authors emphasize that the two basic values of safety/security and intellectual freedom of research must be considered evenly. From the perspective of responsible development of biotechnology, this paper calls for a careful assessment to the risks of the technology, replacing risky technologies with safe ones. The risks of publication also need to be strictly assessed. The authors believe, in addition to enhancing the \"self-government\" and self-discipline of scientists and scientific communities, government supervision must be reinforced, laws and regulations should be improved, and global regulation framework ought to be constructed."}, {"pmid": 32370850, "pmcid": "PMC7252035", "title": "Implications of Infection Prevention and Control Measures From a Patient With Atypical 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Hao, Wen-Dong", "Li, Man-Xiang"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370850", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345692, "title": "Paying SPECIAL consideration to the digital sharing of information during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Armitage, Laura", "Lawson, Beth K", "Whelan, Maxine E", "Newhouse, Nikki"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345692", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474587, "title": "COVID-19: Possible reasons for the increased prevalence of Olfactory and Gustatory dysfunction observed in European studies.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gourtsoyannis, John"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474587", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272475, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 19 Pandemic and Extracorporeal Therapies in Intensive Care: \"Bis Peccare in Bello Non Licet\".", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Maoujoud, Omar", "Asserraji, Mohammed", "Belarbi, Marouane", "Zemraoui, Nadir"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272475", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464115, "pmcid": "PMC7247780", "title": "Caution against corticosteroid-based COVID-19 treatment.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Tang, Chong", "Wang, Yichuan", "Lv, Houshan", "Guan, Zhenpeng", "Gu, Jin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464115", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490723, "title": "Development of a TaqMan-probe-based multiplex real-time PCR for the simultaneous detection of emerging and reemerging swine coronaviruses.", "journal": "Virulence", "authors": ["Pan, Zhongzhou", "Lu, Jiaxuan", "Wang, Ningning", "He, Wan-Ting", "Zhang, Letian", "Zhao, Wen", "Su, Shuo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490723", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the outbreak of the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019, coronaviruses have become a global research hotspot in the field of virology. Coronaviruses mainly cause respiratory and digestive tract diseases, several coronaviruses are responsible for porcine diarrhea, such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and emerging swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). Those viruses have caused huge economic losses and are considered as potential public health threats. Porcine torovirus (PToV) and coronaviruses, sharing similar genomic structure and replication strategy, belong to the same order Nidovirales. Here, we developed a multiplex TaqMan-probe-based real-time PCR for the simultaneous detection of PEDV, PDCoV, PToV, and SADS-CoV for the first time. Specific primers and TaqMan fluorescent probes were designed targeting the ORF1a region of PDEV, PToV, and SADS-CoV and the ORF1b region of PDCoV. The method showed high sensitivity and specificity, with a detection limit of 1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0102 copies/\u03bcL for each pathogen. A total of 101 clinical swine samples with signs of diarrhea were analyzed using this method, and the result showed good consistency with conventional reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). This method improves the efficiency for surveillance of these emerging and reemerging swine enteric viruses and can help reduce economic losses to the pig industry, which also benefits animal and public health."}, {"pmid": 32386285, "title": "Anosmia as a presenting symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers - A systematic review of the literature, case series, and recommendations for clinical assessment and management.", "journal": "Rhinology", "authors": ["Lechner, M", "Chandrasekharan, D", "Jumani, K", "Liu, J", "Gane, S", "Lund, V J", "Philpott, C", "Jayaraj, S"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386285", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare workers are at the forefront of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and are at high risk for both the contraction and subsequent spread of virus. Understanding the role of anosmia as an early symptom of infection may improve monitoring and management of SARS-CoV2 infection. We conducted a systematic review of the literature of SARS-CoV2 infection/COVID-19 and anosmia to help inform management of anosmia in healthcare works. We report a case series of healthcare workers, who presented with a loss of sense of smell secondary to COVID-19 infection to demonstrate management principles. RT-PCR was used to confirm COVID-19 positivity and psychophysical testing of olfaction was performed using the British version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, UPSIT. The systematic literature search returned 31 articles eligible for inclusion in the study and informed our recommendations for clinical assessment and management. All three healthcare professionals who presented with loss of sense of smell subsequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Psychophysical testing of olfaction using the UPSIT confirmed mild and moderate microsmia in two, respectively, and normosmia at day 17 in one. Olfactory (\u00b1 gustatory) dysfunction is indicative of COVID-19 infection and thus has important implications in the context of healthcare workers, or key workers in general, who work in close contact with others if not recognised as suffering from COVID. This leads to a potentially higher likelihood of spreading the virus. In conjunction with our literature review these findings have helped with creating recommendations on the assessment and management of olfactory dysfunction during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, both for healthcare workers and patients."}, {"pmid": 32317409, "title": "Detection of coronaviruses in Pteropus & Rousettus species of bats from different States of India.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Yadav, Pragya D", "Shete-Aich, Anita", "Nyayanit, Dimpal A", "Pardeshi, Prachi", "Majumdar, Triparna", "Balasubramanian, R", "Ullas, Padinjaremattathil Thankappan", "Mohandas, Sreelekshmy", "Dighe, Hitesh", "Sawant, Pradeep", "Patil, Savita", "Patil, Dilip", "Gokhale, M D", "Mathapati, Basavaraj", "Sudeep, A B", "Baradkar, Sreekant", "Kumar, Abhimanyu", "Kharde, Rutuja", "Salve, Malvika", "Joshi, Yash", "Gupta, Nivedita", "Mourya, Devendra T"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317409", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Bats are considered to be the natural reservoir for many viruses, of which some are potential human pathogens. In India, an association of Pteropus medius bats with the Nipah virus was reported in the past. It is suspected that the recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also has its association with bats. To assess the presence of CoVs in bats, we performed identification and characterization of bat CoV (BtCoV) in P. medius and Rousettus species from representative States in India, collected during 2018 and 2019. Representative rectal swab (RS) and throat swab specimens of Pteropus and Rousettus spp. bats were screened for CoVs using a pan-CoV reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. A single-step RT-PCR was performed on the RNA extracted from the bat specimens. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on a few representative bat specimens that were tested positive. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the partial sequences of RdRp gene sequences retrieved from both the bat species and complete viral genomes recovered from Rousettus spp. Bat samples from the seven States were screened, and the RS specimens of eight Rousettus spp. and 21 Pteropus spp. were found positive for CoV RdRp gene. Among these, by Sanger sequencing, partial RdRp sequences could be retrieved from three Rousettus and eight Pteropus bat specimens. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial RdRp region demonstrated distinct subclustering of the BtCoV sequences retrieved from these Rousettus and Pteropus spp. bats. NGS led to the recovery of four sequences covering approximately 94.3 per cent of the whole genome of the BtCoVs from Rousettus bats. Three BtCoV sequences had 93.69 per cent identity to CoV BtRt-BetaCoV/GX2018. The fourth BtCoV sequence was 96.8 per cent identical to BtCoV HKU9-1. This study was a step towards understanding the CoV circulation in Indian bats. Detection of potentially pathogenic CoVs in Indian bats stresses the need for enhanced screening for novel viruses in them. One Health approach with collaborative activities by the animal health and human health sectors in these surveillance activities shall be of use to public health. This would help in the development of diagnostic assays for novel viruses with outbreak potential and be useful in disease interventions. Proactive surveillance remains crucial for identifying the emerging novel viruses with epidemic potential and measures for risk mitigation."}, {"pmid": 32497353, "title": "Psychological distress during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic among cancer survivors and healthy controls.", "journal": "Psychooncology", "authors": ["Ng, Dwl", "Chan, Fhf", "Barry, T J", "Lam, C", "Chong, C Y", "Kok, Hcs", "Liao, Q", "Fielding, R", "Lam, Wwt"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497353", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422200, "pmcid": "PMC7228702", "title": "Toward a clinically based classification of disease severity for paediatric COVID-19 - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Dong", "Tang, Feng", "Lu, Shushu", "Song, Qifa"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422200", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502255, "title": "Letter: COVID-19 and human reproduction: hypothesis need to be investigated.", "journal": "Mol Hum Reprod", "authors": ["Cavalcante, Marcelo Borges", "Sarno, Manoel", "da Silva, Arlley Cleverson Belo", "Barini, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502255", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519117, "title": "[The role of ophthalmology in the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Ophthalmologe", "authors": ["Rokohl, Alexander C", "Loreck, Niklas", "Wawer Matos, Philomena A", "Mor, Joel M", "Zwingelberg, Sarah", "Grajewski, Rafael S", "Cursiefen, Claus", "Heindl, Ludwig M"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519117", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has led to a\u00a0worldwide pandemic. This pandemic presents a\u00a0huge challenge for the healthcare system and also for ophthalmologists. Previous studies and case reports indicated that SARS-CoV\u20112 also infects the conjunctiva resulting in conjunctivitis. In addition, infectious virus particles in the tear fluid can be potential sources of infection; however, the detection of SARS-CoV\u20112 RNA in the tear fluid has rarely been successful. Although isolated conjunctival involvement is highly unlikely, at the current point in time of the COVID-19 pandemic, practically every patient examined by an ophthalmologist could be infected with SARS-CoV\u20112. Therefore, protective and hygiene measures should currently be consistently followed to minimize the risk of spreading the virus. Currently, there are no treatment recommendations for conjunctivitis associated with COVID-19. Tear substitutes might be helpful for symptom relief but there is no evidence for a topical antiviral therapy. In the future ophthalmologists could play a\u00a0decisive role in the screening of maculopathies that might occur during COVID-19 treatment using chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine."}, {"pmid": 32329276, "title": "[Spike protein in the detection and treatment of novel coronavirus].", "journal": "Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Yongzhu", "Qiu, Feng"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329276", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently a COVID-19 pneumonia pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV has broken out over the world. In order to better control the spread of the pandemic, there's an urgent need to extensively study the virus' origin and the mechanisms for its infectivity and pathogenicity. Spike protein is a special structural protein on the surface of coronavirus. It contains important information about the evolution of the virus and plays critical roles in the processes of cellular recognition and entry. In the past decades, spike protein has always been one of the most important objects in research works on coronaviruses closely related to human life. In this review we introduce these research works related to spike proteins, hoping it will provide reasonable ideas for the control of the current pandemic, as well as for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32481690, "title": "Broad-Spectrum Coronavirus Fusion Inhibitors to Combat COVID-19 and Other Emerging Coronavirus Diseases.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Wang, Xinling", "Xia, Shuai", "Wang, Qian", "Xu, Wei", "Li, Weihua", "Lu, Lu", "Jiang, Shibo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481690", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the past 17 years, three novel coronaviruses have caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As emerging infectious diseases, they were characterized by their novel pathogens and transmissibility without available clinical drugs or vaccines. This is especially true for the newly identified COVID-19 caused by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for which, to date, no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines have been approved. Similar to SARS and MERS, the lag time in the development of therapeutics is likely to take months to years. These facts call for the development of broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus drugs targeting a conserved target site. This review will systematically describe potential broad-spectrum coronavirus fusion inhibitors, including antibodies, protease inhibitors, and peptide fusion inhibitors, along with a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages."}, {"pmid": 32202611, "title": "Social Media and Emergency Preparedness in Response to Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Merchant, Raina M", "Lurie, Nicole"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202611", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360400, "pmcid": "PMC7188620", "title": "Hyperglycemia and the worse prognosis of COVID-19. Why a fast blood glucose control should be mandatory.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Ceriello, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360400", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305308, "pmcid": "PMC7158810", "title": "A probable surge in oral lichen planus cases under the aura of coronavirus in females in India.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Routray, Samapika", "Mishra, Priyadarshini"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305308", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356849, "pmcid": "PMC7165010", "title": "COVID-19: How to select patients for endoscopy and how to reschedule the procedures?", "journal": "Endosc Int Open", "authors": ["Ponchon, Thierry", "Chaussade, Stanislas"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356849", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468193, "pmcid": "PMC7255443", "title": "Postintubation Dysphagia During COVID-19 Outbreak-Contemporary Review.", "journal": "Dysphagia", "authors": ["Frajkova, Zofia", "Tedla, Miroslav", "Tedlova, Eva", "Suchankova, Magda", "Geneid, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468193", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 is a global pandemic. Its rapid dissemination and serious course require a novel approach to healthcare practices. Severe disease progression is often associated with the development of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and may require some form of respiratory support, including endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, and enteral nutrition through a\u00a0nasogastric tube. These conditions increase the risk of dysphagia, aspiration, and aspiration pneumonia. The data on the incidence and risks of dysphagia associated with COVID-19 are not yet available. However, it is assumed that these patients are at high risk, because of respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function. These findings may exacerbate swallowing deficits. The aim of this review is to summarize available information on possible mechanisms of postintubation dysphagia in COVID-19 patients. Recommendations regarding the diagnosis and management of postintubation dysphagia in COVID-19 patients are described in this contemporary review."}, {"pmid": 32500504, "pmcid": "PMC7271831", "title": "SARS-Coronavirus-2 Nsp13 Possesses NTPase and RNA Helicase Activities That Can Be Inhibited by Bismuth Salts.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Shu, Ting", "Huang, Muhan", "Wu, Di", "Ren, Yujie", "Zhang, Xueyi", "Han, Yang", "Mu, Jingfang", "Wang, Ruibing", "Qiu, Yang", "Zhang, Ding-Yu", "Zhou, Xi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500504", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health emergency. SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pathogen of COVID-19, is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Coronaviridae. For RNA viruses, virus-encoded RNA helicases have long been recognized to play pivotal roles during viral life cycles by facilitating the correct folding and replication of viral RNAs. Here, our studies show that SARS-CoV-2-encoded nonstructural protein 13 (nsp13) possesses the nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (NTPase) and RNA helicase activities that can hydrolyze all types of NTPs and unwind RNA helices dependently of the presence of NTP, and further characterize the biochemical characteristics of these two enzymatic activities associated with SARS-CoV-2 nsp13. Moreover, we found that some bismuth salts could effectively inhibit both the NTPase and RNA helicase activities of SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, our findings demonstrate the NTPase and helicase activities of SARS-CoV-2 nsp13, which may play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 replication and serve as a target for antivirals."}, {"pmid": 32142972, "pmcid": "PMC7129309", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A critical care perspective beyond China.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Rello, Jordi", "Tejada, Sofia", "Userovici, Caroline", "Arvaniti, Kostoula", "Pugin, Jerome", "Waterer, Grant"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142972", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507570, "title": "Acute myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Besler, Muhammed Said", "Arslan, Halil"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507570", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the case of a 20-year-old male patient without previous history of cardiovascular disease who was admitted to our hospital with a new onset febrile sensation and chest pain. Chest computed tomography revealed a subpleural consolidation with a halo of ground-glass opacification. Blood tests revealed elevated levels of markers of myocyte necrosis (troponin I and creatine kinase-MB). Nasopharyngeal swab was positive for COVID-19. Cardiac MRI showed myocardial edema and late gadolinium enhancement compatible with myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection. This case showed that acute myocarditis can be the initial presentation of patients with COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32327448, "title": "Comparison of Abbott ID Now and Abbott m2000 methods for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal and nasal swabs from symptomatic patients.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Harrington, Amanda", "Cox, Brian", "Snowdon, Jennifer", "Bakst, Jonathan", "Ley, Erin", "Grajales, Patricia", "Maggiore, Jack", "Kahn, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327448", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ID NOW COVID-19 (IDNCOV) assay performed on the ID Now Instrument (Abbott Diagnostics, Scarborough, Inc. Scarborough, ME) is a rapid diagnostic test that can be performed in a point of care setting equivalent to CLIA waived testing.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32490804, "title": "Choosing Wisely in the COVID-19 Era: Preventing Harm to Healthcare Workers.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Cho, Hyung J", "Feldman, Leonard S", "Keller, Sara", "Hoffman, Ari", "Pahwa, Amit K", "Krouss, Mona"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490804", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509284, "pmcid": "PMC7242883", "title": "The need to implement non-industry COVID-19 clinical trials in non-high-income countries.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Dal-Re, Rafael", "Carcas, Antonio J", "Sreeharan, Nadarajah"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509284", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32185368, "pmcid": "PMC7075272", "title": "A Novel Coronavirus Outbreak from Wuhan City in China, Rapid Need for Emergency Departments Preparedness and Response; a Letter to Editor.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Alavi-Moghaddam, Mostafa"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185368", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512083, "title": "Shining a Light on the Pathogenicity of Health Care Providers' Mobile Phones: Use of a Novel Ultraviolet-C Wave Disinfection Device.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Malhotra, Sanchi", "Wlodarczyk, Jordan", "Kuo, Christopher", "Ngo, Catherine", "Glucoft, Marisa", "Sumulong, Ivan", "Smit, Michael A", "Bender, Jeffrey M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mobile phones are known to carry pathogenic bacteria and viruses on their surfaces, posing a risk to healthcare providers (HCPs) and hospital infection prevention efforts. We utilize an Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) device to provide an effective method for mobile phone disinfection and survey HCPs about infection risk. Environmental swabs were used to culture HCPs' personal mobile phone surfaces. Four cultures were obtained per phone: before and after the UV-C device's 30-second disinfecting cycle, at the beginning and end of a 12-hour shift. Surveys were administered to participants pre- and post-study. Total bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) were reduced by 90.5% (p=0.006) after one UV-C disinfection cycle, and by 99.9% (p=0.004) after two cycles. Total pathogenic bacterial CFUs were decreased by 98.2% (p=0.038) after one and >99.99% (p=0.037) after two disinfection cycles. All survey respondents were willing to use the UV-C device daily to weekly, finding it convenient and beneficial. This novel UV-C disinfecting device is effective in reducing pathogenic bacteria on mobile phones. HCPs would frequently use a phone disinfecting device to reduce infection risk. In light of the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, a standardized approach to phone disinfection may be valuable in preventing healthcare-associated infections."}, {"pmid": 32302422, "pmcid": "PMC7264553", "title": "Two cases of COVID-19 presenting with a clinical picture resembling chilblains: first report from the Middle East.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Alramthan, A", "Aldaraji, W"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302422", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278694, "pmcid": "PMC7195025", "title": "Physical activity for immunity protection: Inoculating populations with healthy living medicine in preparation for the next pandemic.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Laddu, Deepika R", "Lavie, Carl J", "Phillips, Shane A", "Arena, Ross"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278694", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531476, "pmcid": "PMC7282733", "title": "Suggestions from Cremona, Italy - two months into the pandemic at the frontline of COVID-19 in Europe.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Pan, Angelo", "Matteo, Giorgi-Pierfranceschi", "Giancarlo, Bosio", "Lorenzo, Cammelli", "Laura, Romanini"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531476", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471003, "title": "Keeping Journal Club Relevant in a Pandemic: The 'Rapid Fire' 5-Minute Format.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Chu, David C"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471003", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There has been an explosion of data published in a short period of time about COVID-19. It can be difficult for learners to stay on top of the latest information while also critically appraising each new piece of information. As a result, there can be a lack of local consensus on how to best manage these patients as new data continually becomes available."}, {"pmid": 32426069, "pmcid": "PMC7231482", "title": "Incorporating telehealth to improve neurosurgical training during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Miranda, Stephen P", "Glauser, Gregory", "Wathen, Connor", "Blue, Rachel", "Dimentberg, Ryan", "Welch, William C", "Grady, M Sean", "Schuster, James M", "Malhotra, Neil R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426069", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302206, "title": "Reply to \"CT Findings of Pregnant Women With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia\".", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Li, Lin", "Liu, Dehan", "Yang, Lian"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302206", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346977, "pmcid": "PMC7267370", "title": "COVID-19 and implications for eating disorders.", "journal": "Eur Eat Disord Rev", "authors": ["Fernandez-Aranda, Fernando", "Casas, Miquel", "Claes, Laurence", "Bryan, Danielle Clark", "Favaro, Angela", "Granero, Roser", "Gudiol, Carlota", "Jimenez-Murcia, Susana", "Karwautz, Andreas", "Le Grange, Daniel", "Menchon, Jose M", "Tchanturia, Kate", "Treasure, Janet"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346977", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387262, "pmcid": "PMC7202814", "title": "Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells as a Covid-19 treatment.", "journal": "Drug Discov Today", "authors": ["O'Driscoll, Lorraine"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387262", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444479, "title": "Incidental COVID-19 on PET/CT imaging.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Amin, Reshma", "Grinblat, Leonard", "Husain, Mansoor"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444479", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478846, "title": "Mental Health of Young Physicians in China During the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Li, Weidong", "Frank, Elena", "Zhao, Zhuo", "Chen, Lihong", "Wang, Zhen", "Burmeister, Margit", "Sen, Srijan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478846", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395850, "title": "Assessing the validity of the Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile for telephone administration in drug health treatment populations.", "journal": "Drug Alcohol Rev", "authors": ["Deacon, Rachel M", "Mammen, Kristie", "Holmes, Jennifer", "Dunlop, Adrian", "Bruno, Raimondo", "Mills, Llewellyn", "Graham, Robert", "Lintzeris, Nicholas"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395850", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile (ATOP) is a brief clinical tool measuring recent substance use, health and wellbeing among clients attending alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment services. It has previously been assessed for concurrent validity and inter-rater reliability. In this study we examine whether it is suitable for administration over the telephone. We recruited a sample of 107 AOD clients across public sector specialist AOD treatment services in New South Wales, Australia between 2016 and 2018. Participants had a mean age of 47\u2009years and 46% were female. Participants completed a face-to-face ATOP and a phone ATOP with a researcher within 5\u2009days. Comparisons between the two administration modes were undertaken using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for continuous or ordinal variables, and Cohen's Kappa for nominal variables. Among 107 participants, 59% were attending for alcohol treatment and 41% for opioid treatment. Most ATOP items (76%) reached above 0.7 (good) or 0.9 (excellent) agreement between face-to-face and telephone use. Our findings suggest that the ATOP is a suitable instrument for telephone monitoring of recent substance use, health and social functioning among AOD clients. Its validation for remote use over the telephone will support staff to monitor clients' risks and outcomes-of particular relevance in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in which services are increasingly relying on telework approaches to client monitoring."}, {"pmid": 32277968, "pmcid": "PMC7194958", "title": "Clinical and CT imaging features of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhu, Ying", "Gao, Zhen-Hua", "Liu, Yang-Li", "Xu, Dan-Yang", "Guan, Tian-Ming", "Li, Zi-Ping", "Kuang, Jian-Yi", "Li, Xiang-Min", "Yang, You-You", "Feng, Shi-Ting"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277968", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326952, "pmcid": "PMC7179376", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 viral load in sputum correlates with risk of COVID-19 progression.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Yu, Xia", "Sun, Shanshan", "Shi, Yu", "Wang, Hao", "Zhao, Ruihong", "Sheng, Jifang"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326952", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460378, "title": "Brazilian oral medicine and oral pathology: we are here during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Martelli Junior, Hercilio", "Machado, Renato Assis", "Bonan, Paulo Rogerio Ferreti", "da Cruz Perez, Danyel Elias", "Pires, Fabio Ramoa", "Alves, Fabio Abreu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460378", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11th , 2020 (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen). As of May 19th , 2020, approximately 4,731,458 cases of contamination and 316,169 deaths from Covid-19 were recorded (https://who.sprinklr.com)."}, {"pmid": 32464146, "pmcid": "PMC7255132", "title": "Yield and Implications of Pre-Procedural COVID-19 PCR Testing on Routine Endoscopic Practice.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Forde, Justin J", "Goldberg, David", "Sussman, Daniel", "Soriano, Frederick", "Barkin, Jodie A", "Amin, Sunil"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515983, "title": "Update Alert: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Chou, Roger", "Dana, Tracy", "Buckley, David I", "Selph, Shelley", "Fu, Rongwei", "Totten, Annette M"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515983", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199511, "pmcid": "PMC7103995", "title": "Mental health care for international Chinese students affected by the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Zhai, Yusen", "Du, Xue"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199511", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356508, "title": "Delayed Radical Prostatectomy is Not Associated with Adverse Oncological Outcomes: Implications for Men Experiencing Surgical Delay Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Ginsburg, Kevin B", "Curtis, Gannon L", "Timar, Ryan E", "George, Arvin K", "Cher, Michael L"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356508", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has forced many healthcare organizations to divert efforts and resources to emergent patient care, delaying many elective oncological surgeries. We investigated an association between delay in radical prostatectomy (RP) and oncological outcome. This is a retrospective review of men with intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer (PC) in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) underdoing radical prostatectomy from 2010-2016. Immediate RP was defined as RP within 3-months of diagnosis, while delayed RP was analyzed in 3-month intervals up to 12-months. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit to test for associations between levels of delayed RP and outcomes of interest (adverse pathology, upgrading on RP, node positive disease, and post-RP secondary treatments) compared with men undergoing immediate RP. We identified 128,062 men with intermediate- and high-risk PC treated with RP. After adjustment, we did not appreciate a significant difference in odds of adverse pathology, upgrading, node positive disease, or post-RP secondary treatments between men treated with immediate RP and any level of delay up to 12 months. Subgroup analysis of men with Grade group 4 and 5 PC did not demonstrate an association between delayed RP and worse oncological outcomes. In the NCDB, delayed RP was not associated with early adverse oncological outcomes at RP. These results may provide reassurance to patients and urologists balancing care in the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32349035, "title": "Genomic analysis and comparative multiple sequences of SARS-CoV2.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chang, Tai-Jay", "Yang, De-Ming", "Wang, Mong-Lien", "Liang, Kung-How", "Tsai, Ping-Hsing", "Chiou, Shih-Hwa", "Lin, Ta-Hsien", "Wang, Chin-Tien"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349035", "countries": ["China", "Australia", "Japan", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "China announced an outbreak of new coronavirus in the city of Wuhan on December 31, 2019; lash to now, the virus transmission has become pandemic worldwide. Severe cases from the Huanan Seafood Wholesale market in Wuhan were confirmed pneumonia with a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Understanding the molecular mechanisms of genome selection and packaging is critical for developing antiviral strategies. Thus, we defined the correlation in 10 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) sequences from different countries to analyze the genomic patterns of disease origin and evolution aiming for developing new control pandemic processes. We apply genomic analysis to observe SARS-CoV2 sequences from GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/genebank/): MN 908947 (China, C1), MN985325 (USA: WA, UW), MN996527 (China, C2), MT007544 (Australia: Victoria, A1), MT027064 (USA: CA, UC), MT039890 (South Korea, K1), MT066175 (Taiwan, T1), MT066176 (Taiwan, T2), LC528232 (Japan, J1), and LC528233 (Japan, J2) for genomic sequence alignment analysis. Multiple Sequence Alignment by Clustalw (https://www.genome.jp/tools-bin/clustalw) web service is applied as our alignment tool. We analyzed 10 sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database by genome alignment and found no difference in amino acid sequences within M and N proteins. There are two amino acid variances in the spike (S) protein region. One mutation found from the South Korea sequence is verified. Two possible \"L\" and \"S\" SNPs found in ORF1ab and ORF8 regions are detected. We performed genomic analysis and comparative multiple sequences of SARS-CoV2. Studies about the biological symptoms of SARS-CoV2 in clinic animals and humans will manipulate an understanding on the origin of pandemic crisis."}, {"pmid": 32334161, "pmcid": "PMC7194615", "title": "Can we predict the occurrence of COVID-19 cases? Considerations using a simple model of growth.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Cassaro, Fabio A M", "Pires, Luiz F"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334161", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to present a simple model to follow the evolution of the COVID-19 (CV-19) pandemic in different countries. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) and its first derivative were employed for this task. The simulations showed that it is almost impossible to predict based on the initial CV-19 cases (1st 2nd or 3rd weeks) how the pandemic will evolve. However, the results presented here revealed that this approach can be used as an alternative for the exponential growth model, traditionally employed as a prediction model, and serve as a valuable tool for investigating how protective measures are changing the evolution of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32526661, "title": "Endovascular simulation as a supplemental training tool during the COVID-19 national emergency.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Kesselman, Andrew", "Lamparello, Nicole A", "Malhotra, Anuj", "Winokur, Ronald S", "Pua, Bradley B"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526661", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID pandemic raises many concerns as our healthcare system is pushed to its limits and as a consequence, Interventional Radiology training may be compromised. Endovascular simulators allow trainees many benefits to build and maintain endovascular skills in a safe environment. Our experience demonstrates a methodology to maintain IR training with use of didactic and simulation supplementation during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may be helpful for incorporation at other institutions facing similar challenges."}, {"pmid": 32274617, "pmcid": "PMC7145538", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes.", "journal": "Geroscience", "authors": ["Nikolich-Zugich, Janko", "Knox, Kenneth S", "Rios, Carlos Tafich", "Natt, Bhupinder", "Bhattacharya, Deepta", "Fain, Mindy J"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274617", "countries": ["China", "Viet Nam", "United States", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of the coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19), is taking the globe by storm, approaching 500,000 confirmed cases and over 21,000 deaths as of March 25, 2020. While under control in some affected Asian countries (Taiwan, Singapore, Vietnam), the virus demonstrated an exponential phase of infectivity in several large countries (China in late January and February and many European countries and the USA in March), with cases exploding by 30-50,000/day in the third and fourth weeks of March, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 has proven to be particularly deadly to older adults and those with certain underlying medical conditions, many of whom are of advanced age. Here, we briefly review the virus, its structure and evolution, epidemiology and pathogenesis, immunogenicity and immune, and clinical response in older adults, using available knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 and its highly pathogenic relatives MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-1. We conclude by discussing clinical and basic science approaches to protect older adults against this disease."}, {"pmid": 32283108, "pmcid": "PMC7151495", "title": "Remdesivir and SARS-CoV-2: Structural requirements at both nsp12 RdRp and nsp14 Exonuclease active-sites.", "journal": "Antiviral Res", "authors": ["Shannon, Ashleigh", "Le, Nhung Thi-Tuyet", "Selisko, Barbara", "Eydoux, Cecilia", "Alvarez, Karine", "Guillemot, Jean-Claude", "Decroly, Etienne", "Peersen, Olve", "Ferron, Francois", "Canard, Bruno"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283108", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has been the cause of significant health concern, highlighting the immediate need for antivirals. Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) play essential roles in viral RNA synthesis, and thus remains the target of choice for the prophylactic or curative treatment of several viral diseases, due to high sequence and structural conservation. To date, the most promising broad-spectrum class of viral RdRp inhibitors are nucleoside analogues (NAs), with over 25 approved for the treatment of several medically important viral diseases. However, Coronaviruses stand out as a particularly challenging case for NA drug design due to the presence of an exonuclease (ExoN) domain capable of excising incorporated NAs and thus providing resistance to many of these available antivirals. Here we use the available structures of the SARS-CoV RdRp and ExoN proteins, as well as Lassa virus N exonuclease to derive models of catalytically competent SARS-CoV-2 enzymes. We then map a promising NA candidate, GS-441524 (the active metabolite of Remdesivir) to the nucleoside active site of both proteins, identifying the residues important for nucleotide recognition, discrimination, and excision. Interestingly, GS-441524 addresses both enzyme active sites in a manner consistent with significant incorporation, delayed chain termination, and altered excision due to the ribose 1'-CN group, which may account for the increased antiviral effect compared to other available analogues. Additionally, we propose structural and function implications of two previously identified RdRp resistance mutations in relation to resistance against Remdesivir. This study highlights the importance of considering the balance between incorporation and excision properties of NAs between the RdRp and ExoN."}, {"pmid": 32515642, "title": "A Multimodal Multi-Institutional Solution to Remote Medical Student Education for Otolaryngology During COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Ruthberg, Jeremy S", "Quereshy, Humzah A", "Ahmadmehrabi, Shadi", "Trudeau, Stephen", "Chaudry, Emaan", "Hair, Bryan", "Kominsky, Alan", "Otteson, Todd D", "Bryson, Paul C", "Mowry, Sarah E"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515642", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, there has been a surge in production of remote learning materials for continued otolaryngology resident education. Medical students traditionally rely on elective and away subinternship experiences for exposure to the specialty. Delays and cancellation of clinical rotations have forced medical students to pursue opportunities outside of the traditional learning paradigm. In this commentary, we discuss the multi-institutional development of a robust syllabus for medical students using a multimodal collection of resources. Medical students collaborated with faculty and residents from 2 major academic centers to identify essential otolaryngology topics. High-quality, publicly available, and open-access content from multiple sources were incorporated into a curriculum that appeals to a variety of learners. Multimodal remote education strategies can be used as a foundation for further innovation aimed at developing tomorrow's otolaryngologists."}, {"pmid": 32329231, "pmcid": "PMC7264501", "title": "Direct oral anticoagulant plasma levels' striking increase in severe COVID-19 respiratory syndrome patients treated with antiviral agents: The Cremona experience.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Testa, Sophie", "Prandoni, Paolo", "Paoletti, Oriana", "Morandini, Rossella", "Tala, Maurizio", "Dellanoce, Claudia", "Giorgi-Pierfranceschi, Matteo", "Betti, Monia", "Battista Danzi, Gian", "Pan, Angelo", "Palareti, Gualtiero"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329231", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Antiviral drugs are administered in patients with severe COVID-19 respiratory syndrome, including those treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Concomitant administration of antiviral agents has the potential to increase their plasma concentration. A series of patients managed in the Cremona Thrombosis Center were admitted at Cremona Hospital for SARS-CoV-2 and started antiviral drugs without stopping DOAC therapy. DOAC plasma levels were measured in hospital and results compared with those recorded before hospitalization. All consecutive patients on DOACs were candidates for administration of antiviral agents (lopinavir, ritonavir, or darunavir). Plasma samples for DOAC measurement were collected 2to 4\u00a0days after starting antiviral treatment, at 12\u00a0hours from the last dose intake in patients on dabigatran and apixaban, and at 24\u00a0hours in those on rivaroxaban and edoxaban. For each patient, C-trough DOAC level, expressed as ng/mL, was compared with the one measured before hospitalization. Of the 1039 patients hospitalized between February 22 and March 15, 2020 with COVID-19 pneumonia\u00a0and candidates for antiviral therapy, 32 were on treatment with a DOAC. DOAC was stopped in 20 and continued in the remaining 12. On average, C-trough levels were 6.14 times higher during hospitalization than in the pre-hospitalization period. DOAC patients treated with antiviral drugs show an alarming increase in DOAC plasma levels. In order to prevent bleeding complications, we believe that physicians should consider withholding DOACs from patients with SARS-CoV-2 and replacing them with alternative parenteral antithrombotic strategies for as long as antiviral agents are deemed necessary and until discharge."}, {"pmid": 32499176, "pmcid": "PMC7251350", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and ischemic colitis: An under-recognized complication.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Chan, Kok Hoe", "Lim, Su Lin", "Damati, Ahmad", "Maruboyina, Siva Prasad", "Bondili, Leena", "Abu Hanoud, Amany", "Slim, Jihad"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499176", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has spread worldwide, with more than 2.5 million cases and over 80,000 deaths reported by the end of April 2020. In addition to pulmonary symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms have been increasingly recognized as part of the disease spectrum. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy has recently emerged as a major component of the disease, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Ischemic colitis has been reported to be associated with a hypercoagulable state. To our knowledge, there have not been any case reports of COVID-19 associated with ischemic colitis. Herein, we present the first case of a probable association of COVID-19 with ischemic colitis in a patient with a hypercoagulable state."}, {"pmid": 32527753, "title": "Covid-19: Appropriate PPE prevents infections in doctors in frontline roles, study shows.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527753", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283324, "pmcid": "PMC7151358", "title": "COVID-19 - Considerations for the paediatric rheumatologist.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Hedrich, Christian M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283324", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 is a threat to the health and well-being of millions of lifes across the globe. A significant proportion of adult patients require hospitalisation and may develop severe life-threatening complications. Children, on the other hand, can carry and transmit the virus, but usually do not develop severe disease. Mortality in the paediatric age-group is relatively low. Differences in virus containment and clearance, as well as reduced inflammation-related tissue and organ damage may be caused by age-specific environmental and host factors. Since severe complications in adults are frequently caused by uncontrolled immune responses and a resulting \"cytokine storm\" that may be controlled by targeted blockade of cytokines, previously established treatment with immunosuppressive treatments may indeed protect children from complications."}, {"pmid": 32463078, "title": "Decreased myocardial infarction admissions during COVID times: what can we learn?", "journal": "Cardiovasc Res", "authors": ["Niccoli, Giampaolo", "Luescher, Thomas F", "Crea, Filippo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463078", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330305, "pmcid": "PMC7264521", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in urine, blood, anal swabs, and oropharyngeal swabs specimens.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Peng, Liang", "Liu, Jing", "Xu, Wenxiong", "Luo, Qiumin", "Chen, Dabiao", "Lei, Ziying", "Huang, Zhanlian", "Li, Xuejun", "Deng, Keji", "Lin, Bingliang", "Gao, Zhiliang"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330305", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ribonucleic acid (RNA) in urine and blood specimens, and anal and oropharyngeal swabs from patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, and correlated positive results with clinical findings. Patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections were included in this study. Patients' demographic and clinical data were recorded. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urine and blood specimens, and anal and oropharyngeal swabs. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT04279782, 19 February, 2020). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was present in all four specimen types, though not all specimen types were positive simultaneously. The presence of viral RNA was not necessarily predictive of clinical symptoms, for example, the presence of viral RNA in the urine did not necessarily predict urinary tract symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 can infect multiple systems, including the urinary tract. Testing different specimen types may be useful for monitoring disease changes and progression, and for establishing a prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32509294, "pmcid": "PMC7244931", "title": "Global COVID-19: Warnings and suggestions based on experience of China.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Ding, Zhuqing", "Xie, Lingling", "Guan, Anchen", "Huang, Dandan", "Mao, Zongfu", "Liang, Xiaohui"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509294", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading around the world currently, seriously threatening people's health and global security as an international public health emergency. The objective of this study is to summarize China's countermeasures and experience in response to the COVID-19 emergence in order to serve as a warning for the global COVID-19 prevention and control, and further provide some suggestions for global fighting to COVID-19. Content analysis, expert consultation, and high frequency word analysis were applied in this study. Relevant data and information were collected from official websites, the experience accumulated in China during the fighting to the novel coronavirus, and suggestions from some experts. As of March 29, 2020, China had accumulated 82\u2009419 confirmed diagnoses, and the mortality rate was 4.01%; in the mean time, the global had accumulated 596\u2009042 confirmed diagnoses, and the mortality rate was 4.76%. Although the mortality of COVID-19 was not so high, its harmfulness couldn't be ignored. Ten facts during COVID-19 epidemic in China were summarized in the study, including: the COVID-19 is highly contagious and can be spread through many channels; although elderly people and people with underlying diseases are susceptible, young people can also be victims; isolation is the most effective way to reduce the risk of COVID-19, and secondary disasters induced by COVID-19 should be emphasized in advance. High frequent words of experts' suggestions mainly includes: material, prevention and control, pathogeny, propaganda, education, hygiene, technology, medical care, overall planning, policy, panic, etc. The main concerns of experts are from four aspects: publicity and education, various subjects, medical materials and law construction. COVID-19 is a new infectious disease worldwide, and its infectious source, transmission route, susceptible population, and therapy are not clear. In the face of the COVID-19 epidemic, no country can stand alone to maintain its own safety. People from all over the world should put aside their difference in ideology, religious belief, politics, economy, and culture, and only by global cooperation and globally unified actions, can we successfully overcome COVID-19 in the end."}, {"pmid": 32311437, "pmcid": "PMC7165102", "title": "Detection and analysis of nucleic acid in various biological samples of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wu, Jianguo", "Liu, Jiasheng", "Li, Shijun", "Peng, Zhiyang", "Xiao, Zhe", "Wang, Xufeng", "Yan, Ruicheng", "Luo, Jianfei"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311437", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) is a kind of acute severe pneumonia caused by 2019-nCoV (2019-nCoV) infection. Since December 2019, it has been found in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and then spread to the whole country. Some parts of the world also showed an outbreak trend [1-3]. Real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR) and viral gene sequencing are the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19. At present, upper respiratory tract nasopharyngeal swabs are mostly used as nucleic acid detection samples in China, but the positive rate is low. However, there are few reports on clinical application of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection in other biological samples. METHODS: | The East Section of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University is a designated COVID-19 hospital in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. This observation study included 132 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the infectious disease areas of the East Section of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from 2020.1.31 to 2020.2.29. COVID-19 diagnostic criteria: according to China's \u27eapneumonia diagnosis and treatment Program of novel coronavirus infection (trial version 7) \u27eb, in accordance with the relevant epidemiological and clinical manifestations, nasopharyngeal swabs real-time fluorescence RT-PCR detection of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive, COVID-19 cases were divided into mild, ordinary, severe and severe [1]. The nasopharyngeal swabs of 132 cases of COVID-19 were positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid on admission, including 72 males and 60 females, with an average age of 66.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.1 years, including 80 cases of common type, 44 cases of severe type and 8 cases of critical type. During the period of admission, under the condition of tertiary protection, nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum, blood, feces and anal swabs of COVID-19 cases were collected many times in the isolation ward for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection. All biological samples are sealed and transferred to the laboratory in strict accordance with the standard process. The RT-PCR test kits (BioGerm) were recommended by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The same technician and brand of test kit was used for all RT-PCR testing reported; both internal controls and negative controls were routinely performed with each batch of tests. RESULTS: | 132 the results of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test of various biological samples during the treatment of confirmed COVID-19 cases are as follows: the positive rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test of nasopharyngeal swab is 38.13% (180/472 times), the positive rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test of sputum is 48.68% (148/304 times), the positive rate of blood 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test is 3.03% (4/132 times), and the positive rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test of feces is 9.83% (24/244 times). The positive rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection in anal swabs is 10.00% (12/120 times). DISCUSSION|: In this study, it was found that the positive rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in sputum of 132 patients with COVID-19 was higher than that of nasopharyngeal swabs, and viral nucleic acids were also detected in blood and digestive tract (fecal/anal swabs). Simple detection of nasopharyngeal swab 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection positive rate is not high, multi-sample 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection can improve the accuracy, reduce the false negative rate, better guide clinical treatment and evaluate the therapeutic effect."}, {"pmid": 32236504, "title": "Active and Effective Measures for the Care of Patients With Cancer During the COVID-19 Spread in China.", "journal": "JAMA Oncol", "authors": ["Wang, Zhijie", "Wang, Jie", "He, Jie"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236504", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320509, "pmcid": "PMC7264545", "title": "Covid-19: Supporting nurses' psychological and mental health.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Maben, Jill", "Bridges, Jackie"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320509", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31992390, "pmcid": "PMC6988271", "title": "Note from the editors: novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Eurosurveillance Editorial Team"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31992390", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319443, "title": "[Ethical, deontologic and legal considerations about SIAARTI Document \"Clinical ethics recommendations for the allocation of intensive care treatments, in exceptional, resource-limited circumstances\".]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Piccinni, Mariassunta", "Aprile, Anna", "Benciolini, Paolo", "Busatta, Lucia", "Cadamuro, Elena", "Malacarne, Paolo", "Marin, Francesca", "Orsi, Luciano", "Palermo Fabris, Elisabetta", "Pisu, Alessandra", "Provolo, Debora", "Scalera, Antonio", "Tomasi, Marta", "Zamperetti, Nereo", "Rodriguez, Daniele"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319443", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 6 March 2020, the Italian Society of Anaesthesia Analgesia Resuscitation and Intensive care (SIAARTI) published the document \"Clinical Ethics Recommendations for Admission to and Suspension of Intensive Care in Exceptional Conditions of Imbalance between Needs and Available Resources\". The document, which aims to propose treatment decision-making criteria in the face of exceptional imbalances between health needs and available resources, has produced strong reactions, within the medical-scientific community, in the academic world, and in the media. In the current context of international public health emergency caused by the CoViD-19 epidemic, this work aims to explain the ethical, deontological and legal bases of the SIAARTI Document and to propose methodologic and argumentative integrations that are useful for understanding and placing in context the decision-making criteria proposed. The working group that contributed to the drafting of this paper agrees that it is appropriate that healthcare personnel, who is particularly committed to taking care of those who are currently in need of intensive or sub-intensive care, should benefit from clear operational indications that are useful to orient care and, at the same time, that the population should know in advance which criteria will guide the tragic choices that may fall on each one of us. This contribution therefore firstly reflects on the appropriateness of the SIAARTI standpoint and the objectives of the SIAARTI Document. It then turns to demonstrate how the recommendations it proposes can be framed within a shared interdisciplinary, ethical, deontological and legal perspective."}, {"pmid": 32270515, "pmcid": "PMC7262240", "title": "Does recombinant human erythropoietin administration in critically ill COVID-19 patients have miraculous therapeutic effects?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Hadadi, Azar", "Mortezazadeh, Masoud", "Kolahdouzan, Kasra", "Alavian, Golbarg"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270515", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An 80-year-old man with multiple comorbidities presented to the emergency department with tachypnea, tachycardia, fever, and critically low O2 saturation and definitive chest computerized tomography scan findings in favor of COVID-19 and positive PCR results in 48\u2009hours. He received antiviral treatment plus recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) due to his severe anemia. After 7 days of treatment, he was discharged with miraculous improvement in his symptoms and hemoglobin level. We concluded that rhEPO could attenuate respiratory distress syndrome and confront the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus through multiple mechanisms including cytokine modulation, antiapoptotic effects, leukocyte release from bone marrow, and iron redistribution away from the intracellular virus."}, {"pmid": 32529815, "title": "Assessment of the Severity of Coronavirus Disease: Quantitative Computed Tomography Parameters versus Semiquantitative Visual Score.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Yin, Xi", "Min, Xiangde", "Nan, Yan", "Feng, Zhaoyan", "Li, Basen", "Cai, Wei", "Xi, Xiaoqing", "Wang, Liang"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529815", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare the accuracies of quantitative computed tomography (CT) parameters and semiquantitative visual score in evaluating clinical classification of severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We retrospectively enrolled 187 patients with COVID-19 treated at Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College from February 15, 2020, to February 29, 2020. Demographic data, imaging characteristics, and clinical data were collected, and based on the clinical classification of severity, patients were divided into groups 1 (mild) and 2 (severe/critical). A semiquantitative visual score was used to estimate the lesion extent. A three-dimensional slicer was used to precisely quantify the volume and CT value of the lung and lesions. Correlation coefficients of the quantitative CT parameters, semiquantitative visual score, and clinical classification were calculated using Spearman's correlation. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the accuracies of quantitative and semi-quantitative methods. There were 59 patients in group 1 and 128 patients in group 2. The mean age and sex distribution of the two groups were not significantly different. The lesions were primarily located in the subpleural area. Compared to group 1, group 2 had larger values for all volume-dependent parameters (p < 0.001). The percentage of lesions had the strongest correlation with disease severity with a correlation coefficient of 0.495. In comparison, the correlation coefficient of semiquantitative score was 0.349. To classify the severity of COVID-19, area under the curve of the percentage of lesions was the highest (0.807; 95% confidence interval, 0.744-0.861: p < 0.001) and that of the quantitative CT parameters was significantly higher than that of the semiquantitative visual score (p = 0.001). The classification accuracy of quantitative CT parameters was significantly superior to that of semiquantitative visual score in terms of evaluating the severity of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32241931, "title": "As normalcy returns, can China keep COVID-19 at bay?", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Normile, Dennis"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241931", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514385, "pmcid": "PMC7267752", "title": "Lessons learned in preparing for and responding to the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: one simulation's program experience adapting to the new normal.", "journal": "Adv Simul (Lond)", "authors": ["Brydges, Ryan", "Campbell, Douglas M", "Beavers, Lindsay", "Khodadoust, Nazanin", "Iantomasi, Paula", "Sampson, Kristen", "Goffi, Alberto", "Caparica Santos, Filipe N", "Petrosoniak, Andrew"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514385", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Use of simulation to ensure an organization is ready for significant events, like COVID-19 pandemic, has shifted from a \"backburner\" training tool to a \"first choice\" strategy for ensuring individual, team, and system readiness. In this report, we summarize our simulation program's response during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the associated challenges and lessons learned. We also reflect on anticipated changes within our program as we adapt to a \"new normal\" following this pandemic. We intend for this report to function as a guide for other simulation programs to consult as this COVID-19 crisis continues to unfold, and during future challenges within global healthcare systems. We argue that this pandemic has cemented simulation programs as fundamental for any healthcare organization interested in ensuring its workforce can adapt in times of crisis. With the right team and set of partners, we believe that sustained investments in a simulation program will amplify into immeasurable impacts across a healthcare system."}, {"pmid": 32268459, "pmcid": "PMC7142006", "title": "Author Response: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Infectivity, and the Incubation Period.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Bae, Jong-Myon"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268459", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360372, "pmcid": "PMC7192106", "title": "An increased severity of peripheral arterial disease in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Sena, Giuseppe", "Gallelli, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360372", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492759, "title": "Ethical Framework for Nutrition Support Resource Allocation During Shortages: Lessons From COVID-19.", "journal": "Nutr Clin Pract", "authors": ["Barrocas, Albert", "Schwartz, Denise Baird", "Hasse, Jeanette M", "Seres, David S", "Mueller, Charles M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492759", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted all aspects of our population. The \"Troubling Trichotomy\" of what can be done technologically, what should be done ethically, and what must be done legally is a reality during these unusual circumstances. Recent ethical considerations regarding allocation of scarce resources, such as mechanical ventilators, have been proposed. These can apply to other disciplines such as nutrition support, although decisions regarding nutrition support have a diminished potential for devastating outcomes. The principal values and goals leading to an ethical framework for a uniform, fair, and objective approach are reviewed in this article, with a focus on nutrition support. Some historical aspects of shortages in nutrition supplies and products during normal circumstances, as well as others during national crises, are outlined. The development and implementation of protocols using a scoring system seems best addressed by multidisciplinary ethics and triage committees with synergistic but disparate functions. Triage committees should alleviate the burdens of unilateral decisions by the healthcare team caring for patients. The treating team should make every attempt to have patients and the public at large update or execute/develop advance directives. Legal considerations, as the third component of the Troubling Trichotomy, are of some concern when rationing care. The likelihood that criminal or civil charges could be brought against individual healthcare professionals or institutions can be minimized, if fair protocols are uniformly applied and deliberations well documented."}, {"pmid": 32393161, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 14 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 3 May 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393161", "countries": ["Australia", "United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 03 May 2020: notifications = 6,784; deaths = 89. The reduction in international travel and domestic movement, social distancing measures and public health action have likely slowed the spread of COVID-19 in Australia. Currently new notifications in Australia are mostly considered to be locally-acquired with some cases still reported among people with recent overseas travel. Most locally-acquired cases can be linked back to a confirmed case or known cluster, with a small portion unable to be epidemiologically linked to another case. The ratio of overseas-acquired cases to locally-acquired cases varies by jurisdiction. The crude case fatality rate (CFR) in Australia remains low (1.3%) compared to the World Health Organization's globally-reported rate (7.1%) and to other comparable high-income countries such as the United States of America (5.7%) and the United Kingdom (15.4%). The lower CFR in Australia is likely reflective of high case ascertainment including detection of mild cases. Internationally, cases continue to increase. The rates of increase have started to slow in several regions, although it is too soon to tell whether this trend will be sustained."}, {"pmid": 32302419, "pmcid": "PMC7264496", "title": "Phototherapeutic approach to dermatological patients during the 2019 Coronavirus pandemic: Real-life Data from the Italian Red Zone.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Pacifico, A", "Ardigo, M", "Frascione, P", "Damiani, G", "Morrone, A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302419", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the novel Coronavirus 2019, also known as COVID-19 or SARS CoV-2, crossed the Chinese borders and became pandemic, Italy has rapidly become the country with the highest number of patient deaths as well as confirmed and/or hospitalized patients, after China [1-2]. On March 12th Italy was declared a red-zone and special protocols were enacted to limit the spread of the virus. Although COVID-19 does not have epidermotropism, cutaneous manifestations in Cov-19 positive patients have been reported [3] and departments of dermatology are considered at high risk [4] and were ordered to admit only patients needing urgent treatments or undergoing chronic immunosuppressive therapy in order to minimize nosocomial virus spread."}, {"pmid": 32493468, "pmcid": "PMC7268172", "title": "Effectiveness of Interferon Beta 1a, compared to Interferon Beta 1b and the usual therapeutic regimen to treat adults with moderate to severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi", "Golmohammadi, Maryam", "Pourhoseingholi, Mohamad Amin", "Shokouhi, Shervin", "Darazam, Ilad Alavi"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493468", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We will investigate the effectiveness of Interferon Beta 1a, compared to Interferon Beta 1b and the usual therapeutic regimen in COVID-19 in patients that have tested positive and are moderately to severely ill. This is a single center, open label, randomized, controlled, parallel group, clinical trial that will be conducted at Loghman Hakim Medical Education Center in conjunction with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Sixty COVID-19 confirmed cases (using the RT-PCR test) will be enrolled in the trial between April 9th to April 14th 2020. Patients will be randomly assigned to the intervention groups or the control group with the following eligibility criteria: \u2265 18 years of age AND (oxygen saturation (SPO2) \u2264 93% OR respiratory rate \u2265 24) AND at least one of the following: Contactless infrared forehead thermometer temperature of \u226537.8, cough, sputum production, nasal discharge, myalgia, headache or fatigue on admission, and time of onset of the symptoms should be acute (Days \u2264 14). Although Hydroxychloroquine will be administered in a single dose, patients with heart problems (prolonged QT or PR intervals, second- or third-degree heart block, and arrhythmias including torsade de pointes) will be excluded. Other exclusion criteria include using drugs with potential interaction with Hydroxychloroquine + Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Interferon-\u03b2 1a, Interferon-\u03b2 1b, pregnant or lactating women, history of alcohol or drug addiction in the past 5 years, blood ALT/AST levels > 5 times the upper limit of normal on laboratory results and refusal to participate. This study will be undertaken at the Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. COVID-19 confirmed patients will be randomly assigned to one of three groups, with 20 patients in each. The first group (Arm 1) will receive Hydroxychloroquine + Lopinavir / Ritonavir (Kaletra) + Interferon-\u03b2 1a (Recigen), the second group (Arm 2) will be administered Hydroxychloroquine + Lopinavir / Ritonavir (Kaletra) + Interferon-\u03b2 1b (Ziferon), and the control group (Arm 3) will be treated by Hydroxychloroquine + Lopinavir / Ritonavir (Kaletra). Time to clinical improvement is our primary outcome measure. This is an improvement of two points on a seven-category ordinal scale (recommended by the World Health Organization: Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) R&D. Geneva: World Health Organization) or discharge from the hospital, whichever comes first. Secondary outcomes include mortality from the date of randomization until the last day of the study which will be the day all of the patients have had at least one of the following outcomes: 1) Improvement of two points on a seven-category ordinal scale. 2) Discharge from the hospital 3) Death. If any patient dies, we have reached an important secondary outcome. SpO2 Improvement between the last and first day of hospitalization, using pulse-oximetry. Duration of hospitalization from date of randomization until the date of hospital discharge or date of death from any cause, whichever comes first. Incidence of new mechanical ventilation uses from date of randomization until the last day of the study. Please note that we are trying to add further secondary outcomes and this section of the protocol is still evolving. Statistical analysis will be performed by R version 3.6.1 software. We will use Kaplan-Meier to analyze the time to clinical improvement (compared with a log-rank test). Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals will be calculated using the Cox proportional-hazards model in crude and adjusted analysis. Eligible patients will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either Interferon Beta 1a, Interferon Beta 1b or standard care only. Patients will be randomly allocated to three therapeutic arms using permuted, block-randomization to balance the number of patients allocated to each group. The permuted block (three or six patients per block) randomization sequence will be generated, using Package 'randomizeR' in R software version 3.6.1. and placed in individual sealed and opaque envelopes by the statistician. The investigator will enroll the patients and only then open envelopes to assign patients to the different treatment groups. This method of allocation concealment will result in minimum selection and confounding biases. The present research is open-label (no masking) of patients and health care professionals who are undertaking outcome assessment of the primary outcome - time to clinical improvement. Of the 60 patients who underwent randomization, 20 patients were assigned to receive Interferon beta-1a, 20 patients were assigned to receive Interferon beta 1b plus standard care and the rest of patients were assigned to receive the standard care alone. Protocol version 1.2.1. Recruitment is finished, the start date of recruitment was on 9th April 2020 and the end date was on 14th April 2020. Last point of data collection will be the last day on which all of the 60 participants have had an outcome of clinical improvement or death, completing the study's follow-up time window. This study was registered with National Institutes of Health Clinical trials (www.clinicaltrials.gov; identification number NCT04343768, registered April 8, 2020 and first available online April 13, 2020). The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32521196, "title": "The primary care response to COVID-19 in England's National Health Service.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Majeed, Azeem", "Maile, Edward John", "Bindman, Andrew B"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521196", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420587, "title": "COVID-19 as a cardiovascular disease: the potential role of chronic endothelial dysfunction.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Res", "authors": ["Bermejo-Martin, Jesus F", "Almansa, Raquel", "Torres, Antoni", "Gonzalez-Rivera, Milagros", "Kelvin, David J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420587", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505551, "title": "Oral submucous fibrosis and COVID-19: Perspective on comorbidity.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Sarode, Sachin C", "Sarode, Gargi S", "Gondivkar, Shailesh", "Gadbail, Amol", "Gopalakrishnan, Dharmarajan", "Patil, Shankargouda"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505551", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250655, "title": "Call to Action: Announcing the Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Health and Medicine COVID-19 Support Registry.", "journal": "J Altern Complement Med", "authors": ["Weeks, John"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250655", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461674, "pmcid": "PMC7252419", "title": "The non-specific and sex-differential effects of vaccines.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Aaby, Peter", "Benn, Christine Stabell", "Flanagan, Katie L", "Klein, Sabra L", "Kollmann, Tobias R", "Lynn, David J", "Shann, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461674", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The textbook view of vaccination is that it functions to induce immune memory of the specific pathogen components of the vaccine, leading to a quantitatively and qualitatively better response if the host is exposed to infection with the same pathogen. However, evidence accumulated over the past few decades increasingly suggests that vaccines can also have non-specific effects on unrelated infections and diseases, with important implications for childhood mortality particularly in low-income settings. Furthermore, many of these non-specific effects, as well as the pathogen-specific effects, of vaccines show differences between the sexes. Here, members of the Optimmunize consortium discuss the evidence for and potential mechanisms of non-specific and sex-differential effects of vaccines, as well as their potential policy implications. Given that the non-specific effects of some vaccines are now being tested for their ability to protect against COVID-19, the authors also comment on the broader implications of these trials."}, {"pmid": 32349013, "pmcid": "PMC7202111", "title": "COVID-19 Reveals Why We Need Physician-Advocates Now.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Cantave, Melissa", "Perlson, Jacob", "Lewis, Chad", "Byers, Brianna"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349013", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425248, "pmcid": "PMC7229715", "title": "Survey of ophthalmology in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Surv Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Gittinger, John W Jr"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425248", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434518, "pmcid": "PMC7237880", "title": "Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts critical illness patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in the early stage.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Liu, Jingyuan", "Liu, Yao", "Xiang, Pan", "Pu, Lin", "Xiong, Haofeng", "Li, Chuansheng", "Zhang, Ming", "Tan, Jianbo", "Xu, Yanli", "Song, Rui", "Song, Meihua", "Wang, Lin", "Zhang, Wei", "Han, Bing", "Yang, Li", "Wang, Xiaojing", "Zhou, Guiqin", "Zhang, Ting", "Li, Ben", "Wang, Yanbin", "Chen, Zhihai", "Wang, Xianbo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434518", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with critical illness due to infection with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) show rapid disease progression to acute respiratory failure. The study aimed to screen the most useful predictive factor for critical illness caused by COVID-19. The study prospectively involved 61 patients with COVID-19 infection as a derivation cohort, and 54 patients as a validation cohort. The predictive factor for critical illness was selected using LASSO regression analysis. A nomogram based on non-specific laboratory indicators was built to predict the probability of critical illness. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was identified as an independent risk factor for critical illness in patients with COVID-19 infection. The NLR had an area under receiver operating characteristic of 0.849 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.707 to 0.991) in the derivation cohort and 0.867 (95% CI 0.747 to 0.944) in the validation cohort, the calibration curves fitted well, and the decision and clinical impact curves showed that the NLR had high standardized net benefit. In addition, the incidence of critical illness was 9.1% (1/11) for patients aged\u2009\u2265\u200950 and having an NLR\u2009<\u20093.13, and 50% (7/14) patients with age\u2009\u2265\u200950 and NLR\u2009\u2265\u20093.13 were predicted to develop critical illness. Based on the risk stratification of NLR according to age, this study has developed a COVID-19 pneumonia management process. We found that NLR is a predictive factor for early-stage prediction of patients infected with COVID-19 who are likely to develop critical illness. Patients aged\u2009\u2265\u200950 and having an NLR\u2009\u2265\u20093.13 are predicted to develop critical illness, and they should thus have rapid access to an intensive care unit if necessary."}, {"pmid": 32446037, "pmcid": "PMC7207172", "title": "COVID-19 identification in chest X-ray images on flat and hierarchical classification scenarios.", "journal": "Comput Methods Programs Biomed", "authors": ["Pereira, Rodolfo M", "Bertolini, Diego", "Teixeira, Lucas O", "Silla, Carlos N Jr", "Costa, Yandre M G"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446037", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 can cause severe pneumonia and is estimated to have a high impact on the healthcare system. Early diagnosis is crucial for correct treatment in order to possibly reduce the stress in the healthcare system. The standard image diagnosis tests for pneumonia are chest X-ray (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) scan. Although CT scan is the gold standard, CXR are still useful because it is cheaper, faster and more widespread. This study aims to identify pneumonia caused by COVID-19 from other types and also healthy lungs using only CXR images. In order to achieve the objectives, we have proposed a classification schema considering the following perspectives: i) a multi-class classification; ii) hierarchical classification, since pneumonia can be structured as a hierarchy. Given the natural data imbalance in this domain, we also proposed the use of resampling algorithms in the schema in order to re-balance the classes distribution. We observed that, texture is one of the main visual attributes of CXR images, our classification schema extract features using some well-known texture descriptors and also using a pre-trained CNN model. We also explored early and late fusion techniques in the schema in order to leverage the strength of multiple texture descriptors and base classifiers at once. To evaluate the approach, we composed a database, named RYDLS-20, containing CXR images of pneumonia caused by different pathogens as well as CXR images of healthy lungs. The classes distribution follows a real-world scenario in which some pathogens are more common than others. The proposed approach tested in RYDLS-20 achieved a macro-avg F1-Score of 0.65 using a multi-class approach and a F1-Score of 0.89 for the COVID-19 identification in the hierarchical classification scenario. As far as we know, the top identification rate obtained in this paper is the best nominal rate obtained for COVID-19 identification in an unbalanced environment with more than three classes. We must also highlight the novel proposed hierarchical classification approach for this task, which considers the types of pneumonia caused by the different pathogens and lead us to the best COVID-19 recognition rate obtained here."}, {"pmid": 32366999, "pmcid": "PMC7197242", "title": "Current safety preferences for intravitreal injection during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Shmueli, Or", "Chowers, Itay", "Levy, Jaime"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366999", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475803, "pmcid": "PMC7254018", "title": "The Covid-19 pandemic and people with disability.", "journal": "Disabil Health J", "authors": ["Turk, Margaret A", "McDermott, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475803", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523977, "pmcid": "PMC7258836", "title": "Clustering analysis of countries using the COVID-19 cases dataset.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Zarikas, Vasilios", "Poulopoulos, Stavros G", "Gareiou, Zoe", "Zervas, Efthimios"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523977", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a worldwide effort of the research community to explore the medical, economic and sociologic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many different disciplines try to find solutions and drive strategies to a great variety of different very crucial problems. The present study presents a novel analysis which results to clustering countries with respect to active cases, active cases per population and active cases per population and per area based on Johns Hopkins epidemiological data. The presented cluster results could be useful to a variety of different policy makers, such as physicians and managers of the health sector, economy/finance experts, politicians and even to sociologists. In addition, our work suggests a new specially designed clustering algorithm adapted to the request for comparison of the various COVID time-series of different countries."}, {"pmid": 32376394, "pmcid": "PMC7252146", "title": "Immunomodulatory therapy for the management of severe COVID-19. Beyond the anti-viral therapy: A comprehensive review.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Alijotas-Reig, Jaume", "Esteve-Valverde, Enrique", "Belizna, Cristina", "Selva-O'Callaghan, Albert", "Pardos-Gea, Josep", "Quintana, Angela", "Mekinian, Arsene", "Anunciacion-Llunell, Ariadna", "Miro-Mur, Francesc"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376394", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome related to Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) may cause severe illness in 20% of patients. This may be in part due to an uncontrolled immune-response to SARS-CoV-2 infection triggering a systemic hyperinflammatory response, the so-called \"cytokine storm\". The reduction of this inflammatory immune-response could be considered as a potential therapeutic target against severe COVID-19. The relationship between inflammation and clot activation must also be considered. Furthermore, we must keep in mind that currently, no specific antiviral treatment is available for SARS-CoV-2. While moderate-severe forms need in-hospital surveillance plus antivirals and/or hydroxychloroquine; in severe and life-threating subsets a high intensity anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory therapy could be a therapeutic option. However, right data on the effectiveness of different immunomodulating drugs are scarce. Herein, we discuss the pathogenesis and the possible role played by drugs such as: antimalarials, anti-IL6, anti-IL-1, calcineurin and JAK inhibitors, corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, heparins, angiotensin-converting enzyme agonists and statins in severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32446778, "pmcid": "PMC7211650", "title": "The cytokine storm in COVID-19: An overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Coperchini, Francesca", "Chiovato, Luca", "Croce, Laura", "Magri, Flavia", "Rotondi, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446778", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In 2019-2020 a new coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the causative agent of a several acute respiratory infection named COVID-19, which is causing a worldwide pandemic. There are still many unresolved questions regarding the pathogenesis of this disease and especially the reasons underlying the extremely different clinical course, ranging from asymptomatic forms to severe manifestations, including the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 showed phylogenetic similarities to both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV viruses, and some of the clinical features are shared between COVID-19 and previously identified beta-coronavirus infections. Available evidence indicate that the so called \"cytokine storm\" an uncontrolled over-production of soluble markers of inflammation which, in turn, sustain an aberrant systemic inflammatory response, is a major responsible for the occurrence of ARDS. Chemokines are low molecular weight proteins with powerful chemoattractant activity which play a role in the immune cell recruitment during inflammation. This review will be aimed at providing an overview of the current knowledge on the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system in the cytokine storm related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Basic and clinical evidences obtained from previous SARS and MERS epidemics and available data from COVID-19 will be taken into account."}, {"pmid": 32279023, "pmcid": "PMC7194518", "title": "Epidemic psychiatry: The opportunities and challenges of COVID-19.", "journal": "Gen Hosp Psychiatry", "authors": ["Shalev, Daniel", "Shapiro, Peter A"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279023", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387058, "pmcid": "PMC7177076", "title": "Treatment of primary and metastatic peritoneal tumors in the Covid-19 pandemic. Proposals for prioritization from the RENAPE and BIG-RENAPE groups.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Glehen, O", "Kepenekian, V", "Bouche, O", "Gladieff, L", "Honore, C"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387058", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic is profoundly changing the organization of healthcare access. This is particularly so for peritoneal neoplastic diseases, for which curative treatment mobilizes substantial personnel, operating room and intensive care resources. The BIG-RENAPE and RENAPE groups have made tentative proposals for prioritizing care provision. A tightening of the usual selection criteria is needed for curative care: young patients with few or no comorbidities and limited peritoneal extension. It is desirable to prioritize disease conditions for which cytoreduction surgery with or without associated hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the gold-standard treatment, and for which systemic chemotherapy cannot be a temporary or long-term alternative: pseudomyxoma peritonei, resectable malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas, peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin if they are resectable and unresponsive to systemic chemotherapy after up to 12 courses, first-line ovarian carcinomatosis if resectable or in interval surgery after at most six courses of systemic chemotherapy. Addition of HIPEC must be discussed case by case in an expert center. The prioritization of indications must consider local conditions and the phase of the epidemic to allow optimal peri-operative care."}, {"pmid": 32438868, "title": "ddPCR: a more accurate tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection in low viral load specimens.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Suo, Tao", "Liu, Xinjin", "Feng, Jiangpeng", "Guo, Ming", "Hu, Wenjia", "Guo, Dong", "Ullah, Hafiz", "Yang, Yang", "Zhang, Qiuhan", "Wang, Xin", "Sajid, Muhanmmad", "Huang, Zhixiang", "Deng, Liping", "Chen, Tielong", "Liu, Fang", "Xu, Ke", "Liu, Yuan", "Zhang, Qi", "Liu, Yingle", "Xiong, Yong", "Chen, Guozhong", "Lan, Ke", "Chen, Yu"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438868", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Quantitative real time PCR (RT-PCR) is widely used as the gold standard for clinical detection of SARS-CoV-2. However, due to the low viral load specimens and the limitations of RT-PCR, significant numbers of false negative reports are inevitable, which results in failure to timely diagnose, cut off transmission, and assess discharge criteria. To improve this situation, an optimized droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used for detection of SARS-CoV-2, which showed that the limit of detection of ddPCR is significantly lower than that of RT-PCR. We further explored the feasibility of ddPCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA from 77 patients, and compared with RT-PCR in terms of the diagnostic accuracy based on the results of follow-up survey. 26 patients of COVID-19 with negative RT-PCR reports were reported as positive by ddPCR. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and accuracy were improved from 40% (95% CI: 27-55%), 100% (95% CI: 54-100%), 100%, 16% (95% CI: 13-19%), 0.6 (95% CI: 0.48-0.75) and 47% (95% CI: 33-60%) for RT-PCR to 94% (95% CI: 83-99%), 100% (95% CI: 48-100%), 100%, 63% (95% CI: 36-83%), 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02-0.18), and 95% (95% CI: 84-99%) for ddPCR, respectively. Moreover, 6/14 (42.9%) convalescents were detected as positive by ddPCR at 5-12 days post discharge. Overall, ddPCR shows superiority for clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 to reduce the false negative reports, which could be a powerful complement to the RT-PCR."}, {"pmid": 32527710, "title": "[Repurposing the PICU for caring critically ill adult patients during the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Vazquez Martinez, Jose Luis", "Alonso Garcia, Rafael"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527710", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482633, "title": "Clinical performance of the Luminex NxTAG CoV Extended Panel for SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal specimens of COVID-19 patients in Hong Kong.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Chen, Jonathan Hon-Kwan", "Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Poon, Rosana Wing-Shan", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482633", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in the Hubei Province of China and later spread all over the world. There was an urgent need of a high-throughput molecular testing for screening the COVID-19 patients in the community. The Luminex NxTAG CoV Extended Panel is a high-throughput FDA emergency use authorized molecular diagnostic assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection. This system targets three genes (ORF1ab, N and E gene) of SARS-CoV-2, ORF1ab region of SARS-CoV and ORF5 region of MERS-CoV.In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of this system with nasopharyngeal swab specimens of 214 suspected COVID-19 patients in Hong Kong. The results were compared with our routine COVID-19 RT-PCR protocol with LightMix SarbecoV E-gene kit and an in-house RdRp/Hel RT-PCR assay. The NxTAG CoV Extended panel demonstrated a 97.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity to SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal specimens. On low viral load specimens, the sensitivity of the NxTAG panel could still maintain at 85.71%. High agreement was observed between the NxTAG panel and the routine COVID-19 RT-PCR protocol (kappa value = 0.98). Overall the E gene target of the NxTAG panel demonstrated the highest sensitivity among the three SARS-CoV-2 targets while the N gene targets demonstrated the least.In conclusion, the NxTAG CoV Extended Panel is simple to use and it has high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity to SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal specimens. we recommend this diagnostic system for high-throughput COVID-19 screening in the community."}, {"pmid": 32162699, "pmcid": "PMC7228316", "title": "A report of clinical diagnosis and treatment of nine cases of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Qing", "Quan, Bin", "Li, Xiaoning", "Gao, Guangjian", "Zheng, Wenqiang", "Zhang, Jun", "Zhang, Zhiyun", "Liu, Chunsheng", "Li, Li", "Wang, Chenglin", "Zhang, Guihua", "Li, Jiajia", "Dai, Yunhai", "Yang, Jianghua", "Han, Wenzheng"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162699", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has become an important public health issue in the world. More than 118 000 cases were confirmed around the world. The main clinical manifestations were respiratory symptoms and occasional gastrointestinal symptoms. However, there is no unified standard for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. In the retrospective analysis, we report nine cases of COVID-19, describe the history of contact, clinical manifestations, the course of diagnosis and clinical treatment before, during and after treatment."}, {"pmid": 32259189, "title": "The Challenge of Preventing COVID-19 Spread in Correctional Facilities.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rubin, Rita"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259189", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432445, "title": "The kidney in COVID-19: protagonist or figurant?", "journal": "Panminerva Med", "authors": ["Staico, Maria Francesca", "Zaffanello, Marco", "Di Pietro, Giulia", "Fanos, Vassilios", "Marcialis, Maria Antonietta"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432445", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The etiology of injury in COVID-19 patients is diverse and multifactorial. Autopsy and biopsy studies reveal, alongside podocyte and tubular cell anomalies, the presence of virion within the cells. Evidence suggests that, in addition to the direct cytopathic effect of SARS- CoV2 on the glomeruli and renal tubules, there is also the indirect effect of cell-mediated immunity, the cytokines storm and the cross-talk between organs with possible systemic effects of the disease. These mechanisms are interconnected and have profound therapeutic implications involving extracorporeal removal of inflammatory cytokines. Dialysis patients, and children, in particular, should be classified as \"at high risk\" of contracting the disease. Infections are one of the most frequent causes of death in children with chronic renal failure who undergo dialysis. The reasons for this particular susceptibility are to be found in the compromised immune system, secondary to chronic malnutrition, immunosuppressive therapy, and uremia, frequent contact with healthcare personnel and other patients attending the dialysis unit and in need of the presence of other family members during treatment."}, {"pmid": 32519505, "title": "COVID-19: a major cause of cachexia and sarcopenia?", "journal": "J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle", "authors": ["Morley, John E", "Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar", "Anker, Stefan D"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519505", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347942, "pmcid": "PMC7197540", "title": "Letter: Surgical Management of Brain Tumor Patients in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Zacharia, Brad E", "Eichberg, Daniel G", "Ivan, Michael E", "Hanft, Simon", "Boockvar, John A", "Isildak, Huseyin", "Mansouri, Alireza", "Komotar, Ricardo J", "D'Amico, Randy S"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396134, "title": "Endocrinology in the time of COVID-19: Management of calcium disorders and osteoporosis.", "journal": "Eur J Endocrinol", "authors": ["Gittoes, Neil J", "Criseno, Sherwin", "Appelman-Dijkstra, Natasha M", "Bollerslev, Jens", "Canalis, Ernesto", "Rejnmark, Lars", "Hassan-Smith, Zaki"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Endocrinologists have had to make rapid changes to services so that resources can be focused on the COVID-19 response to help prevent spread of the virus. Herein we provide pragmatic advice on the management of commonly encountered calcium problems and osteoporosis. Non-urgent elective appointments should be postponed, and remote consultations and digital health solutions promoted. Patients should be empowered to self-manage their conditions safely. Patients, their caregivers and healthcare providers should be directed to online resources e.g. Society for Endocrinology, Royal Osteoporosis Society, International Osteoporosis Foundation, specific patient groups and the European Reference Networks (ERNs) for Rare Endocrine and Rare Bone disorders. For patients in acute hospital settings, existing emergency guidance on the management of hyper- and hypo-calcaemia should be followed. A pragmatic, symptom-based approach should be implemented in patients at the end of life. An approach to osteoporosis management is outlined. IV zoledronic acid infusions can be delayed for 6-9 months during the pandemic. Patients established on denosumab and teriparatide should continue planned therapy. The challenge of this pandemic will act as a catalyst to innovate within our management of metabolic bone and mineral disorders to ensure best use of resources and resilience of healthcare systems in its aftermath."}, {"pmid": 32171952, "pmcid": "PMC7102543", "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: What we know.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wu, Di", "Wu, Tiantian", "Liu, Qun", "Yang, Zhicong"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171952", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a current worldwide outbreak of the novel coronavirus Covid-19 (coronavirus disease 2019; the pathogen called SARS-CoV-2; previously 2019-nCoV), which originated from Wuhan in China and has now spread to 6 continents including 66 countries, as of 24:00 on March 2, 2020. Governments are under increased pressure to stop the outbreak from spiraling into a global health emergency. At this stage, preparedness, transparency, and sharing of information are crucial to risk assessments and beginning outbreak control activities. This information should include reports from outbreak site and from laboratories supporting the investigation. This paper aggregates and consolidates the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatments and preventions of this new type of coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32375845, "pmcid": "PMC7202792", "title": "Acute respiratory failure in COVID-19: is it \"typical\" ARDS?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Li, Xu", "Ma, Xiaochun"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375845", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared this outbreak a significant threat to international health. COVID-19 is highly infectious and can lead to fatal comorbidities especially acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thus, fully understanding the characteristics of COVID-19-related ARDS is conducive to early identification and precise treatment. We aimed to describe the characteristics of COVID-19-related ARDS and to elucidate the differences from ARDS caused by other factors. COVID-19 mainly affected the respiratory system with minor damage to other organs. Injury to the alveolar epithelial cells was the main cause of COVID-19-related ARDS, and endothelial cells were less damaged with therefore less exudation. The clinical manifestations were relatively mild in some COVID-19 patients, which was inconsistent with the severity of laboratory and imaging findings. The onset time of COVID-19-related ARDS was 8-12\u2009days, which was inconsistent with ARDS Berlin criteria, which defined a 1-week onset limit. Some of these patients might have a relatively normal lung compliance. The severity was redefined into three stages according to its specificity: mild, mild-moderate, and moderate-severe. HFNO can be safe in COVID-19-related ARDS patients, even in some moderate-severe patients. The more likely cause of death is severe respiratory failure. Thus, the timing of invasive mechanical ventilation is very important. The effects of corticosteroids in COVID-19-related ARDS patients were uncertain. We hope to help improve the prognosis of severe cases and reduce the mortality."}, {"pmid": 32477887, "pmcid": "PMC7243834", "title": "Which Country is Truly Developed? COVID-19 has Answered the Question.", "journal": "Ann Glob Health", "authors": ["Freed, Jeffrey S", "Kwon, Soo Y", "Jacobs El, Hannah", "Gottlieb, Michael", "Roth, Ram"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32477887", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The developed countries of the world were ill-prepared for the pandemic that they have suffered. When we compare developed to developing countries, the sophisticated parameters we use do not necessarily address the weaknesses in the healthcare systems of developed countries that make them susceptible to crises like the present pandemic. We strongly suggest that better preparation for such events is necessary for a country to be considered developed."}, {"pmid": 32272473, "pmcid": "PMC7206355", "title": "Pediatric Endocrinology in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Horm Res Paediatr", "authors": ["Cianfarani, Stefano"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272473", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451627, "pmcid": "PMC7246963", "title": "Anesthesia in the times of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Anesth", "authors": ["Yamakage, Michiaki"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451627", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306474, "pmcid": "PMC7264533", "title": "Cardiovascular surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Mavioglu, Hayrettin L", "Unal, Ertekin U"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306474", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427167, "pmcid": "PMC7227598", "title": "All for one and one for all: Why a pandemic preparedness league of nations?", "journal": "Health Policy Technol", "authors": ["Dey, Sukhen", "Cheng, Qiang", "Tan, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427167", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of today's COVID-19 crisis, it is argued that new ways to collaborate among all nations for pandemic preparedness may be the next big thing. A workable solution for pandemic preparedness requires leaders of all nations to be on the same page (all for one), aiming at a swift turnaround of the crisis in tandem that can only benefit everyone on a global scale (one for all). After all, a public health crisis of this magnitude involves all humankind, demanding not only the most sensible and intelligent adoption of progressive policies and innovative technology, but an effective balancing of emergency supply chain management (SCM) reserve of personal protective equipment (PPE), professional workers and/or other urgently needed resources (e.g., ICU beds) to save lives. Above all, accurate sharing of information and massive-scale testings vis-\u00e0-vis targeted isolations must be sustained. Notably, such a framework may not just be limited to infuenza. Here, the authors elaborate on several key strategies and aim to provide grounds for scientific innovations and clearer policy thinking across international boundaries to combat a global public health pandemic via a league of nations conceived as IPPO: Intercontinental Pandemic Preparedness Organization."}, {"pmid": 32306403, "pmcid": "PMC7264727", "title": "How effective response to COVID-19 relies on nursing research.", "journal": "Res Nurs Health", "authors": ["Lake, Eileen T"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306403", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32141280, "title": "[Analysis of myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 and association between concomitant cardiovascular diseases and severity of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, C", "Chen, C", "Yan, J T", "Zhou, N", "Zhao, J P", "Wang, D W"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32141280", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To evaluate the cardiovascular damage of patients with COVID-19, and determine the correlation of serum N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) with the severity of COVID-19, and the impact of concomitant cardiovascular disease on severity of COVID-19 was also evaluated. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed on 150 consecutive patients with COVID-19 in the fever clinic of Tongji Hospital in Wuhan from January to February in 2020, including 126 mild cases and 24 cases in critical care. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the correlation of past medical history including hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD) , as well as the levels of serum NT-proBNP and cTnI to the disease severity of COVID-19 patients. Results: Age, hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) and serum creatinine levels of the patients were higher in critical care cases than in mild cases(all P<0.05). Prevalence of male, elevated NT-proBNP and cTnI, hypertension and coronary heart disease were significantly higher in critical cases care patients than in the mild cases(all P<0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, male, elevated NT-proBNP, elevated cTnI, elevated hs-CRP, elevated serum creatinine, hypertension, and CHD were significantly correlated with critical disease status(all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elevated cTnI(OR=26.909, 95%CI 4.086-177.226, P=0.001) and CHD (OR=16.609, 95%CI 2.288-120.577, P=0.005) were the independent risk factors of critical disease status. Conclusions: COVID-19 can significantly affect the heart function and lead to myocardial injury. The past medical history of CHD and increased level of cTnI are two independent determinants of clinical disease status in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32530911, "title": "Influence of perceived threat of Covid-19 and HEXACO personality traits on toilet paper stockpiling.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Garbe, Lisa", "Rau, Richard", "Toppe, Theo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530911", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the fast spread of Covid-19 across Europe and North America in March 2020, many people started stockpiling commodities like toilet paper. Despite the high relevance for public authorities to adequately address stockpiling behavior, empirical studies on the psychological underpinnings of toilet paper stockpiling are still scarce. In this study, we investigated the relation between personality traits, perceived threat of Covid-19, and stockpiling of toilet paper in an online survey (N = 996) across 22 countries. Results suggest that people who felt more threatened by Covid-19 stockpiled more toilet paper. Further, a predisposition towards Emotionality predicted the perceived threat of Covid-19 and affected stockpiling behavior indirectly. Finally, Conscientiousness was related to toilet paper stockpiling, such that individuals higher in Conscientiousness tended to stockpile more toilet paper. These results emphasize the importance of clear communication by public authorities acknowledging anxiety and, at the same time, transmitting a sense of control."}, {"pmid": 32452545, "title": "Are chilblain-like acral skin lesions really indicative of COVID-19? A prospective study and literature review.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Docampo-Simon, A", "Sanchez-Pujol, M J", "Juan-Carpena, G", "Palazon-Cabanes, J C", "Vergara-De Caso, E", "Berbegal, L", "Poveda-Montoyo, I", "Pastor-Tomas, N", "Mataix-Diaz, J", "Terencio-Alemany, C", "Martinez-Torres, A", "Miralles-Botella, J", "Blanes-Martinez, M", "Gonzalez-Villanueva, I", "Betlloch-Mas, I"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452545", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, young COVID-19 patients have presented with erythematous and purpuric acral lesions similar to chilblains1-3 . Despite the scarcity of published cases, this topic has attracted significant mass media attention.4 Dermatologists have noted that more people than would be expected at this time of year are seeking medical attention for these chilblain-like lesions. Some have suggested that people presenting with this manifestation should be tested and isolated2 . Determining the accuracy of this association is therefore crucial. To establish the real prevalence of COVID-19 in patients with acral skin lesions, we firstly evaluated all the cases of acral lesions presented in dermatology and paediatrics departments and family doctors' offices in an eastern Spanish region over a three-week period. Then we prospectively performed a SARS-CoV-2 PCR on nasopharyngeal aspirates taken from all available patients to determine whether their cutaneous manifestations were predictive of a positive result. To put our findings into context, we reviewed all the articles published before May 2020 concerning COVID-19 patients with cutaneous lesions. We evaluated 58 patients, whose characteristics are summarized in Table 1. In most cases, lesions were chilblain-like. Fifteen patients had already been tested, and only one had a positive result: an 85-year-old man admitted for severe Covid-19 pneumonia. He had an ulcer on a toe that was finally determined to be vascular in nature. We performed prospective PCR testing in 24 patients. All test results were negative. In total, then, PCR was negative in 38 patients and positive in a single patient whose lesion was very unlikely to be due to COVID-19. Our bibliography search returned 97 articles and we found 2 more through cross-references. Nine of these articles dealt with acral lesions specifically. Their results are summarized in Table 2. Data published in the literature are heterogeneous, as are the methods employed to collect them. The first papers looked at cutaneous manifestations in patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.5-8 This approach cannot reveal whether this dermatologic manifestation is a specific marker of SARS-CoV-2 infection, since patients without COVID-19 are not included. The other approach, which we have followed, is to analyse all patients with acral lesions. This can be done retrospectively, reporting on patients in the sample who have already been tested, or prospectively, performing the test on all available patients, regardless of whether they have symptoms. The retrospective method has a significant risk of confounding bias: due to the scarcity of COVID-19 tests8 , they are usually reserved for patients with COVID-19-related symptoms, who are obviously more likely to test positive. All previous studies including only patients with cutaneous acral lesions (summarized in table 2) have been retrospective, and only a minority of patients were tested. In total, 12 out of at least 49 tested patients were positive (24.5%). Combined with our results, they total 13 positives out of 88 tests (14.8%). There are two possible explanations for the high proportion of negative results: I) A high number of false negatives. II) The lesions are not related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The low prevalence of an infected contact in our sample, after three weeks of strict confinement in Spain, makes the possibility of being infected in our cohort less likely. The diffusion of this entity by the mass media may have caused patients who would not normally consult to do so.9 . Other possible explanations include a concomitant parvovirus B19 outbreak10 or trauma-induced lesions. Our study suggests that acral skin lesions are not a specific marker of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although larger prospective studies are needed, current evidence indicates that acral skin lesions should not be regarded as a sign of COVID-19 in otherwise asymptomatic patients."}, {"pmid": 32470599, "pmcid": "PMC7250071", "title": "Positive effects of COVID-19 control measures on pneumonia prevention.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wu, Di", "Lu, Jianyun", "Cao, Lan", "Ma, Xiaowei", "Liu, Qun", "Liu, Yanhui", "Zhang, Zhoubin"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470599", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243673, "title": "Successful treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in a liver transplant recipient.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Liu, Bin", "Wang, Yangzhong", "Zhao, Yuanyuan", "Shi, Huibo", "Zeng, Fanjun", "Chen, Zhishui"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243673", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spreads rapidly and may be an increasing challenge for transplant community. Clinical data on COVID-19 infection in transplant population is very limited. Herein we presented the clinical course and outcome of a 50-year-old male post liver transplantation who contracted COVID-19, with subsequent infection of his wife. The process of illness was representative. A therapeutic regime with temporary immunosuppression withdrawal and systemic low-dose corticosteroid as principle was involved in the management of the patient which made him recover from severe COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32410206, "pmcid": "PMC7221339", "title": "Clinical characteristics and drug therapies in patients with the common-type coronavirus disease 2019 in Hunan, China.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharm", "authors": ["Huang, Qiong", "Deng, Xuanyu", "Li, Yongzhong", "Sun, Xuexiong", "Chen, Qiong", "Xie, Mingxuan", "Liu, Shao", "Qu, Hui", "Liu, Shouxian", "Wang, Ling", "He, Gefei", "Gong, Zhicheng"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410206", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Clinical characteristics of patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may present differently within and outside the epicenter of Wuhan, China. More clinical investigations are needed. Objective The study was aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and therapeutic methods of COVID-19 patients in Hunan, China. Setting The First Hospital of Changsha, First People's Hospital of Huaihua, and the Central Hospital of Loudi, Hunan province, China. Methods This was a retrospective multi-center case-series analysis. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis hospitalized at the study centers from January 17 to February 10, 2020, were included. The following data were obtained from electronic medical records: demographics, medical history, exposure history, underlying comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, computer tomography scans, and treatment measures. Main outcome measure Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatments. Results A total of 54 patients were included (51 had the common-type COVID-19, three had the severe-type), the median age was 41, and 52% of them were men. The median time from the first symptoms to hospital admission was seven days. Among patients with the common-type COVID-19, the median length of stay was nine days, and 21\u00a0days among patients with severe COVID-19. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (74.5%), cough (56.9%), and fatigue (43.1%) among patients in the common-type group. Fourteen patients (37.8%) had a reduced WBC count, 23 (62.2%) had reduced eosinophil ratio, and 21 (56.76%) had decreased eosinophil count. The most common patterns on chest-computed tomography were ground-glass opacity (52.2%) and patchy bilateral shadowing (73.9%). Pharmacotherapy included recombinant human interferon \u03b12b, lopinavir/ritonavir, novaferon, antibiotics, systematic corticosteroids and traditional Chinese medicine prescription. The outcome of treatment indicated that in patients with the common-type COVID-19, interferon-\u03b12b, but not novaferon, had some benefits, antibiotics treatment was not needed, and corticosteroids should be used cautiously. Conclusion As of February 10, 2020, the symptoms of COVID-19 patients in Hunan province were relatively mild comparing to patients in Wuhan, the epicenter. We observed some treatment benefits with interferon-\u03b12b and corticosteroid therapies but not with novaferon and antibiotic treatment in our study population."}, {"pmid": 32231323, "title": "Cull, release or bring them home: Coronavirus crisis forces hard decisions for labs with animals.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Nowogrodzki, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231323", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435882, "pmcid": "PMC7237801", "title": "Model based approach for estimating the dosage regimen of indomethacin a potential antiviral treatment of patients infected with SARS CoV-2.", "journal": "J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn", "authors": ["Gomeni, Roberto", "Xu, Tianhong", "Gao, Xuejuan", "Bressolle-Gomeni, Francoise"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435882", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To face SARS-CoV-2 pandemic various attempts are made to identify potential effective treatments by repurposing available drugs. Among them, indomethacin, an anti-inflammatory drug, was shown to have potent in-vitro antiviral properties on human SARS-CoV-1, canine CCoV, and more recently on human SARS-CoV-2 at low micromolar range. Our objective was to show that indomethacin could be considered as a promising candidate for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and to provide criteria for comparing benefits of alternative dosage regimens using a model-based approach. A multi-stage model-based approach was developed to characterize % of recovery and viral load in CCoV-infected dogs, to estimate the PK of indomethacin in dog and human using published data after administration of immediate (IR) and sustained-release (SR) formulations, and to estimate the expected antiviral activity as a function of different assumptions on the effective exposure in human. Different dosage regimens were evaluated for IR formulation (25\u00a0mg and 50\u00a0mg three-times-a-day, and 25\u00a0mg four-times-a-day), and SR formulation (75\u00a0mg once and twice-a-day). The best performing dosing regimens were: 50\u00a0mg three-times-a-day for the IR formulation, and 75\u00a0mg twice-a-day for the SR formulation. The treatment with the SR formulation at the dose of 75\u00a0mg twice-a-day is expected to achieve a complete response in three days for the treatment in patients infected by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. These results suggest that indomethacin could be considered as a promising candidate for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 whose potential therapeutic effect need to be further assessed in a prospective clinical trial."}, {"pmid": 32533664, "title": "Hospital Pharmacy: Comprehensive management of medical devices during SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Climent-Ballester, Seira", "Selva-Otaolaurruchi, Juan"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533664", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical devices have become essential to the prevention and control of\u00a0the\u00a0 COVID-19 pandemic, being crucial for health professionals and patients\u00a0in\u00a0 particular, and the population in general.\u00a0It is important to be aware of the laws\u00a0 that regulate the management,\u00a0distribution, and control of medical devices.\u00a0 Article 82 of the Spanish\u00a0Law 29/2006 on Guarantees and Rational Use of\u00a0 Medicines and Medical\u00a0Devices establishes that it is the responsibility of Hospital\u00a0 Pharmacy\u00a0Services \"to participate in and coordinate the purchase of medicines\u00a0and medical devices in the hospital to ensure an efficient acquisition\u00a0 and\u00a0rational use of medical devices\". For this reason, working groups of the\u00a0Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy and other scientific societies have\u00a0issued technical guidelines and consensus statements to provide technical\u00a0support and updated information on the use of masks, individual\u00a0 protection\u00a0equipments and other medical devices.\u00a0In addition, the shortage of\u00a0 medical devices caused by the high demand\u00a0has resulted in the uncontrolled\u00a0 production and distribution of medical devices.\u00a0This phenomenon, added to the\u00a0 fraudulent selling of medical devices,\u00a0highlights the need for a closer surveillance of the market to guarantee the\u00a0efficacy and safety of available medical devices.\u00a0A rational use of medical devices is necessary to ensure the availability\u00a0and safety of these products, which requires the involvement of\u00a0 different\u00a0stakeholders, including hospital pharmacists. Thus, it is essential that\u00a0 hospital\u00a0pharmacists receive specific training in technical aspects concerning the\u00a0possession and use of medical devices. This will help guarantee an effective\u00a0and safe use of medical products. The acquisition and use of medical\u00a0 devices requires a keen understanding of the technical and legal aspects\u00a0 concerning these products, which makes hospital pharmacists essential for the\u00a0 integral management of medical devices."}, {"pmid": 32171865, "pmcid": "PMC7156118", "title": "Clinical and CT imaging features of the COVID-19 pneumonia: Focus on pregnant women and children.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Huanhuan", "Liu, Fang", "Li, Jinning", "Zhang, Tingting", "Wang, Dengbin", "Lan, Weishun"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171865", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia is globally concerning. We aimed to investigate the clinical and CT features in the pregnant women and children with this disease, which have not been well reported. Clinical and CT data of 59 patients with COVID-19 from January 27 to February 14, 2020 were retrospectively reviewed, including 14 laboratory-confirmed non-pregnant adults, 16 laboratory-confirmed and 25 clinically-diagnosed pregnant women, and 4 laboratory-confirmed children. The clinical and CT features were analyzed and compared. Compared with the non-pregnant adults group (n\u202f=\u202f14), initial normal body temperature (9 [56%] and 16 [64%]), leukocytosis (8 [50%] and 9 [36%]) and elevated neutrophil ratio (14 [88%] and 20 [80%]), and lymphopenia (9 [56%] and 16 [64%]) were more common in the laboratory-confirmed (n\u202f=\u202f16) and clinically-diagnosed (n\u202f=\u202f25) pregnant groups. Totally 614 lesions were detected with predominantly peripheral and bilateral distributions in 54 (98%) and 37 (67%) patients, respectively. Pure ground-glass opacity (GGO) was the predominant presence in 94/131 (72%) lesions for the non-pregnant adults. Mixed consolidation and complete consolidation were more common in the laboratory-confirmed (70/161 [43%]) and clinically-diagnosed (153/322 [48%]) pregnant groups than 37/131 (28%) in the non-pregnant adults (P\u202f=\u202f0\u00b7007, P\u202f<\u202f0\u00b7001). GGO with reticulation was less common in 9/161 (6%) and 16/322 (5%) lesions for the two pregnant groups than 24/131 (18%) for the non-pregnant adults (P\u202f=\u202f0\u00b7001, P\u202f<\u202f0\u00b7001). The pulmonary involvement in children with COVID-19 was mild with a focal GGO or consolidation. Twenty-three patients underwent follow-up CT, revealing progression in 9/13 (69%) at 3 days whereas improvement in 8/10 (80%) at 6-9 days after initial CT scans. Atypical clinical findings of pregnant women with COVID-19 could increase the difficulty in initial identification. Consolidation was more common in the pregnant groups. The clinically-diagnosed cases were vulnerable to more pulmonary involvement. CT was the modality of choice for early detection, severity assessment, and timely therapeutic effects evaluation for the cases with epidemic and clinical features of COVID-19 with or without laboratory confirmation. The exposure history and clinical symptoms were more helpful for screening in children versus chest CT."}, {"pmid": 32328496, "pmcid": "PMC7161343", "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Italy: Analysis of Risk Factors and Proposed Remedial Measures.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe", "Di Trolio, Rossella"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328496", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392645, "title": "Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation.", "journal": "Asian Spine J", "authors": ["Mauro, Dobran", "Fabrizio, Mancini", "Maurizio, Iacoangeli"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392645", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303424, "pmcid": "PMC7152872", "title": "Assessing ACE2 expression patterns in lung tissues in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Li, Guoping", "He, Xiang", "Zhang, Lei", "Ran, Qin", "Wang, Junyi", "Xiong, Anying", "Wu, Dehong", "Chen, Feng", "Sun, Jinlyu", "Chang, Christopher"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303424", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 may use ACE2 as a receptor to gain entry into human cells, in a way similar to that of SARS-CoV. Analyzing the distribution and expression level of ACE2 may therefore help reveal underlying mechanisms of viral susceptibility and post-infection modulation. In this study, we utilized previously uploaded information on ACE2 expression in various conditions including SARS-CoA to evaluate the role of ACE2 in SARS-CoV and extrapolate that to COVID-19. We found that the expression of ACE2 in healthy populations and patients with underlying diseases was not significantly different. However, based on the elevated expression of ACE2 in cigarette smokers, we speculate that long-term smoking may be a risk factor for COVID-19. Analysis of ACE2 in SARS-CoV infected cells suggests that ACE2 is not only a receptor but is also involved in post-infection regulation, including immune response, cytokine secretion, and viral genome replication. Moreover, we constructed Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and identified hub genes in viral activity and cytokine secretion. Our findings may help clinicians and researchers gain more insight into the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and design therapeutic strategies for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32325167, "pmcid": "PMC7169932", "title": "Characteristics, Symptom Management, and Outcomes of 101 Patients With COVID-19 Referred for Hospital Palliative Care.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Lovell, Natasha", "Maddocks, Matthew", "Etkind, Simon N", "Taylor, Katie", "Carey, Irene", "Vora, Vandana", "Marsh, Lynne", "Higginson, Irene J", "Prentice, Wendy", "Edmonds, Polly", "Sleeman, Katherine E"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325167", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hospital palliative care is an essential part of the COVID-19 response but data are lacking. We identified symptom burden, management, response to treatment, and outcomes for a case series of 101 inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 referred to hospital palliative care. Patients (64 men, median [interquartile range {IQR}] age 82 [72-89] years, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index 6 [2-10], Australian-modified Karnofsky Performance Status 20 [10-20]) were most frequently referred for end-of-life care or symptom control. Median [IQR] days from hospital admission to referral was 4 [1-12] days. Most prevalent symptoms (n) were breathlessness (67), agitation (43), drowsiness (36), pain (23), and delirium (24). Fifty-eight patients were prescribed a subcutaneous infusion. Frequently used medicines (median [range] dose/24 hours) were opioids (morphine, 10 [5-30]\u00a0mg; fentanyl, 100 [100-200] mcg; alfentanil, 500 [150-1000] mcg) and midazolam (10 [5-20]\u00a0mg). Infusions were assessed as at least partially effective for 40/58 patients, while 13 patients died before review. Patients spent a median [IQR] of 2 [1-4] days under the palliative care team, who made 3 [2-5] contacts across patient, family, and clinicians. At March 30, 2020, 75 patients had died; 13 been discharged back to team, home, or hospice; and 13 continued to receive inpatient palliative care. Palliative care is an essential component to the COVID-19 response, and teams must rapidly adapt with new ways of working. Breathlessness and agitation are common but respond well to opioids and benzodiazepines. Availability of subcutaneous infusion pumps is essential. An international minimum data set for palliative care would accelerate finding answers to new questions as the COVID-19 pandemic develops."}, {"pmid": 32389162, "pmcid": "PMC7253764", "title": "To relax restrictions: Are communities ready to deal with repeated epidemic waves of COVID-19?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wang, Jiancong", "Lee, Yew Fong", "Liu, Fangfei", "Zhou, Mouqing"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389162", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32248766, "title": "Computational studies of drug repurposing and synergism of lopinavir, oseltamivir and ritonavir binding with SARS-CoV-2 protease against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Muralidharan, Nisha", "Sakthivel, R", "Velmurugan, D", "Gromiha, M Michael"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248766", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32056397, "pmcid": "PMC7039714", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Outbreak in 2019: Computed Tomographic Findings in Two Cases.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Lin, Xiaoqi", "Gong, Zhenyu", "Xiao, Zuke", "Xiong, Jingliang", "Fan, Bing", "Liu, Jiaqi"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32056397", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or officially named by the World Health Organization as COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in 2019, there have been a few reports of its imaging findings. Here, we report two confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV pneumonia with chest computed tomography findings of multiple regions of patchy consolidation and ground-glass opacities in both lungs. These findings were characteristically located along the bronchial bundle or subpleural lungs."}, {"pmid": 32531935, "title": "Chronic Inflammation in the Context of Everyday Life: Dietary Changes as Mitigating Factors.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Margina, Denisa", "Ungurianu, Anca", "Purdel, Carmen", "Tsoukalas, Dimitris", "Sarandi, Evangelia", "Thanasoula, Maria", "Tekos, Fotios", "Mesnage, Robin", "Kouretas, Demetrios", "Tsatsakis, Aristidis"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531935", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lifestyle adopted by most people in Western societies has an important impact on the propensity to metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases). This is often accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation, driven by the activation of various molecular pathways such as STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), IKK (I\u03baB kinase), MMP9 (matrix metallopeptidase 9), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases), COX2 (cyclooxigenase 2), and NF-K\u03b2 (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells). Multiple intervention studies have demonstrated that lifestyle changes can lead to reduced inflammation and improved health. This can be linked to the concept of real-life risk simulation, since humans are continuously exposed to dietary factors in small doses and complex combinations (e.g., polyphenols, fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.). Inflammation biomarkers improve in patients who consume a certain amount of fiber per day; some even losing weight. Fasting in combination with calorie restriction modulates molecular mechanisms such as m-TOR, FOXO, NRF2, AMPK, and sirtuins, ultimately leads to significantly reduced inflammatory marker levels, as well as improved metabolic markers. Moving toward healthier dietary habits at the individual level and in publicly-funded institutions, such as schools or hospitals, could help improving public health, reducing healthcare costs and improving community resilience to epidemics (such as COVID-19), which predominantly affects individuals with metabolic diseases."}, {"pmid": 32241244, "pmcid": "PMC7191895", "title": "Diagnostic value and key features of computed tomography in Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Li, Bingjie", "Li, Xin", "Wang, Yaxuan", "Han, Yikai", "Wang, Yidi", "Wang, Chen", "Zhang, Guorui", "Jin, Jianjun", "Jia, Hongxia", "Fan, Feifei", "Ma, Wang", "Liu, Hong", "Zhou, Yue"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241244", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, and caused the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). To date, computed tomography (CT) findings have been recommended as major evidence for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in Hubei, China. This review focuses on the imaging characteristics and changes throughout the disease course in patients with COVID-19 in order to provide some help for clinicians. Typical CT findings included bilateral ground-glass opacity, pulmonary consolidation, and prominent distribution in the posterior and peripheral parts of the lungs. This review also provides a comparison between COVID-19 and other diseases that have similar CT findings. Since most patients with COVID-19 infection share typical imaging features, radiological examinations have an irreplaceable role in screening, diagnosis and monitoring treatment effects in clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32282870, "pmcid": "PMC7161307", "title": "COVID-19: The Worst Days of Our Careers.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Cunningham, Chinazo O", "Diaz, Chanelle", "Slawek, Deepika E"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282870", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447945, "title": "[Understanding and suggestion on prevention and control of COVID-19 infection in hematological wards].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hong, M", "Fang, Y", "Xia, L H"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447945", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473390, "pmcid": "PMC7253980", "title": "A review of South Indian medicinal plant has the ability to combat against deadly viruses along with COVID-19?", "journal": "Microb Pathog", "authors": ["Divya, Mani", "Vijayakumar, Sekar", "Chen, Jingdi", "Vaseeharan, Baskaralingam", "Duran-Lara, Esteban F"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473390", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV2 is a source of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), this is considered as a fatal disease to universal communal health apprehension. This rapid pathogenic virus plays an important role in finding the pathogenic virus, treatment and prevention of pandemics. Virus can present everywhere in Global village. As it is virus it can extend easily and cause severe illness to the society. Hence, an efficient international attentiveness of plan is necessary to the prediction and prevention. In this review, epidemic outbreak, clinical findings, prevention recommendations of COVID-19 and suggestive medicinal value of south Indian plant sources has been discussed. Though the varieties of improved approaches have been taken in scientific and medicinal concern, we have to pay attention on medicinal value of the plant based sources to prevent these types of endemic diseases. This is one of the suggestive and effective ways to control the spreading of viruses. In future its required to provide medicinal plant based clinical products (Masks, sanitizers, soap etc.) with better techniques by clinicians to contend the scarcity and expose towards the nature based medicine rather than chemical drugs. This could be a benchmark for the economical clinical trials of specific plant material to treat the viral diseases."}, {"pmid": 32525716, "title": "Response to Elmaraghi et al. re: \"Maxillofacial Trauma Management During COVID-19: Multidisciplinary Recommendations\".", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["McKean, Erin"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525716", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483040, "title": "'Closed' supraglottic airway guided intubation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Glo Germ follow up.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Chua, Henry", "Lim, Wan Yen", "Mok, May", "Wong, Patrick"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483040", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461328, "title": "Getting to the heart of the matter of COVID-19.", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Newby, David E", "Rahimi, Kazem"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461328", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433624, "title": "Coronavirus: everyone wins when patents are pooled.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433624", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32178711, "pmcid": "PMC7076992", "title": "Treatment of COVID-19: old tricks for new challenges.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Cunningham, Anne Catherine", "Goh, Hui Poh", "Koh, David"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178711", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452587, "title": "Covid-19 diffusion and its impact on dental practice in distant countries with similar ethnic background.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Meleti, Marco", "Cassi, Diana", "Bueno, Luis", "Bologna-Molina, Ronell"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452587", "countries": ["India", "Italy", "Uruguay"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525251, "title": "Urticaria (angioedema) and COVID- 19 infection.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Najafzadeh, Mojgan", "Shahzad, Fanila", "Ghaderi, Nader", "Ansari, Kaveh", "Jacob, Badie", "Wright, Andrew"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525251", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, otherwise known as COVID-19 has fast become a major health concern.1 2 It has been reported that in addition to the conventional respiratory symptoms, patients also display skin manifestations such as Urticaria and angioedema.3 Here we present a case study of an elderly man who first presented with generalised pruritic hives ranging from 1.5 to 8.0 cm in diameter on the 5th of March 2020. The patient was investigated for another differential diagnosis of Urticaria such as parasitic and bacterial infection, for which negative results were found. On the 5th of March 2020 the patient-reported these symptoms plus general malaise, fatigue, 37.9\u2070C temperature and sore throat. Initial biochemical tests showed that the patient presented with low numbers of white blood cells (WBC) (WBC=2.75x103 )."}, {"pmid": 32317180, "pmcid": "PMC7166037", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Immunosuppressed Renal Transplant Recipients: A Summary of 10 Confirmed Cases in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Zhu, Lan", "Gong, Nianqiao", "Liu, Bin", "Lu, Xia", "Chen, Dong", "Chen, Song", "Shu, Hongge", "Ma, Ke", "Xu, Xizhen", "Guo, Zhiliang", "Lu, Enfeng", "Chen, Dongrui", "Ge, Qinggang", "Cai, Junchao", "Jiang, Jipin", "Wei, Lai", "Zhang, Weijie", "Chen, Gang", "Chen, Zhishui"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317180", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have focused on populations with normal immunity, but lack data on immunocompromised populations. To evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients. A total of 10 renal transplant recipients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled in this retrospective study. In addition, 10 of their family members diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia were included in the control group. Immunosuppressant reduction and low-dose methylprednisolone therapy. The clinical outcomes (the severity of pneumonia, recovery rate, time of virus shedding, and length of illness) were compared with the control group by statistical analysis. The clinical symptomatic, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in the renal transplant recipients were similar to those of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in the general population. The severity of COVID-19 pneumonia was greater in the transplant recipients than in the control group (five severe/three critical cases vs one severe case). Five patients developed transient renal allograft damage. After a longer time of virus shedding (28.4\u2009\u00b1\u20099.3 vs 12.2\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6 d in the control group) and a longer course of illness (35.3\u2009\u00b1\u20098.3 vs 18.8\u2009\u00b1\u200910.5 d in the control group), nine of the 10 transplant patients recovered successfully after treatment. One patient developed acute renal graft failure and died of progressive respiratory failure. Kidney transplant recipients had more severe COVID-19 pneumonia than the general population, but most of them recovered after a prolonged clinical course and virus shedding. Findings from this small group of cases may have important implications for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia in immunosuppressed populations. Immunosuppressed transplant recipients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection had more severe pneumonia, but most of them still achieved a good prognosis after appropriate treatment."}, {"pmid": 32473239, "pmcid": "PMC7253970", "title": "A letter to the editor on \"World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Perez-Campos Mayoral, Laura", "Hernandez-Huerta, Maria Teresa", "Mayoral-Andrade, Gabriel", "Perez-Campos Mayoral, Eduardo", "Perez-Campos, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473239", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341111, "pmcid": "PMC7236837", "title": "Clinical phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2: implications for clinicians and researchers.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Rello, Jordi", "Storti, Enrico", "Belliato, Mirko", "Serrano, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341111", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with COVID-19 present a broad spectrum of clinical presentation. Whereas hypoxaemia is the marker of severity, different strategies of management should be customised to five specific individual phenotypes. Many intubated patients present with phenotype 4, characterised by pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction, being associated with severe hypoxaemia with \"normal\" (>40\u2005mL\u00b7cmH2O-1) lung compliance and likely representing pulmonary microvascular thrombosis. Phenotype 5 is often associated with high plasma procalcitonin and has low pulmonary compliance, Which is a result of co-infection or acute lung injury after noninvasive ventilation. Identifying these clinical phenotypes and applying a personalised approach would benefit the optimisation of therapies and improve outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32505742, "title": "Gastrointestinal symptoms as a major presentation component of a novel multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) that is related to COVID-19: a single center experience of 44 cases.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Miller, Jonathan", "Cantor, Amanda", "Zachariah, Philip", "Ahn, Danielle", "Martinez, Mercedes", "Margolis, Kara"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505742", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534022, "title": "COVID-19 and allergen immunotherapy: theoretical benefits invite to adjustments in practice recommendations.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Larenas-Linnemann, Desiree", "Rodriguez-Perez, Noel", "Ortega-Martell, Jose Antonio", "Vijil, Virginia Blandon", "Luna-Pech, Jorge A"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534022", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296468, "pmcid": "PMC7153919", "title": "Otorhinolaryngologists and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Jotz, Geraldo Pereira", "Voegels, Richard Louis", "Bento, Ricardo Ferreira"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296468", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409328, "pmcid": "PMC7234869", "title": "Safe management of bodies of deceased persons with suspected or confirmed COVID-19: a rapid systematic review.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Yaacoub, Sally", "Schunemann, Holger J", "Khabsa, Joanne", "El-Harakeh, Amena", "Khamis, Assem M", "Chamseddine, Fatimah", "El Khoury, Rayane", "Saad, Zahra", "Hneiny, Layal", "Cuello Garcia, Carlos", "Muti-Schunemann, Giovanna Elsa Ute", "Bognanni, Antonio", "Chen, Chen", "Chen, Guang", "Zhang, Yuan", "Zhao, Hong", "Abi Hanna, Pierre", "Loeb, Mark", "Piggott, Thomas", "Reinap, Marge", "Rizk, Nesrine", "Stalteri, Rosa", "Duda, Stephanie", "Solo, Karla", "Chu, Derek K", "Akl, Elie A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409328", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Proper strategies to minimise the risk of infection in individuals handling the bodies of deceased persons infected with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) are urgently needed. The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature to scope and assess the effects of specific strategies for the management of the bodies. We searched five general, three Chinese and four coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-specific electronic databases. We searched registries of clinical trials, websites of governmental and other relevant organisations, reference lists of the included papers and relevant systematic reviews, and Epistemonikos for relevant systematic reviews. We included guidance documents providing practical advice on the handling of bodies of deceased persons with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Then, we sought primary evidence of any study design reporting on the efficacy and safety of the identified strategies in coronaviruses. We included evidence relevant to contextual factors (ie, acceptability). A single reviewer extracted data using a pilot-tested form and graded the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. A second reviewer verified the data and assessments. We identified one study proposing an uncommon strategy for autopsies for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. The study provided very low-certainty evidence that it reduced the risk of transmission. We identified 23 guidance documents providing practical advice on the steps of handling the bodies: preparation, packing, and others and advice related to both the handling of the dead bodies and the use of personal protective equipment by individuals handling them. We did not identify COVID-19 evidence relevant to any of these steps. While a substantive number of guidance documents propose specific strategies, we identified no study providing direct evidence for the effects of any of those strategies. While this review highlights major research gaps, it allows interested entities to build their own guidance."}, {"pmid": 32317408, "title": "Perspectives for repurposing drugs for the coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Cherian, Sarah S", "Agrawal, Megha", "Basu, Atanu", "Abraham, Priya", "Gangakhedkar, Raman R", "Bhargava, Balram"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317408", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The newly emerged 2019 novel coronavirus (CoV), named as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2), like SARS-CoV (now, SARS-CoV-1) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), has been associated with high infection rates with over 36,405 deaths. In the absence of approved marketed drugs against coronaviruses, the treatment and management of this novel CoV disease (COVID-19) worldwide is a challenge. Drug repurposing that has emerged as an effective drug discovery approach from earlier approved drugs could reduce the time and cost compared to de novo drug discovery. Direct virus-targeted antiviral agents target specific nucleic acid or proteins of the virus while host-based antivirals target either the host innate immune responses or the cellular machineries that are crucial for viral infection. Both the approaches necessarily interfere with viral pathogenesis. Here we summarize the present status of both virus-based and host-based drug repurposing perspectives for coronaviruses in general and the SARS-CoV-2 in particular."}, {"pmid": 32361443, "pmcid": "PMC7182516", "title": "Temperature significantly changes COVID-19 transmission in (sub)tropical cities of Brazil.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Prata, David N", "Rodrigues, Waldecy", "Bermejo, Paulo H"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361443", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a severe public health issue. The novelty of the virus prompts a search for understanding of how ecological factors affect the transmission and survival of the virus. Several studies have robustly identified a relationship between temperature and the number of cases. However, there is no specific study for a tropical climate such as Brazil. This work aims to determine the relationship of temperature to COVID-19 infection for the state capital cities of Brazil. Cumulative data with the daily number of confirmed cases was collected from February 27 to April 1, 2020, for all 27 state capital cities of Brazil affected by COVID-19. A generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to explore the linear and nonlinear relationship between annual average temperature compensation and confirmed cases. Also, a polynomial linear regression model was proposed to represent the behavior of the growth curve of COVID-19 in the capital cities of Brazil. The GAM dose-response curve suggested a negative linear relationship between temperatures and daily cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the range from 16.8\u00a0\u00b0C to 27.4\u00a0\u00b0C. Each 1\u00a0\u00b0C rise of temperature was associated with a -4.8951% (t\u00a0=\u00a0-2.29, p\u00a0=\u00a00.0226) decrease in the number of daily cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19. A sensitivity analysis assessed the robustness of the results of the model. The predicted R-squared of the polynomial linear regression model was 0.81053. In this study, which features the tropical temperatures of Brazil, the variation in annual average temperatures ranged from 16.8\u00a0\u00b0C to 27.4\u00a0\u00b0C. Results indicated that temperatures had a negative linear relationship with the number of confirmed cases. The curve flattened at a threshold of 25.8\u00a0\u00b0C. There is no evidence supporting that the curve declined for temperatures above 25.8\u00a0\u00b0C. The study had the goal of supporting governance for healthcare policymakers."}, {"pmid": 32473665, "pmcid": "PMC7255759", "title": "COVID-19 in Africa: no room for complacency.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473665", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305589, "pmcid": "PMC7162749", "title": "Combating devastating COVID-19 by drug repurposing.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Pawar, Ashish Yashwantrao"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305589", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite advances in drug discovery, viral infections remain a major challenge for scientists across the globe. The recent pandemic of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), caused by a viral infection with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), has created a disastrous situation all over the world. As no drugs are available to treat this life-threatening disease and the mortality rate due to COVID-19 is high, there is an utmost need to attempt to treat the infection using drug repurposing. Some countries are against the use of these drugs because of adverse effects associated with drug repurposing and lack of statistically significant clinical data, but they have been found to be effective in some countries to treat COVID-19 patients (off-label/investigational). This article emphasises possible drug candidates in the treatment of COVID-19. Most of these drugs were found to be effective in in vitro studies. There is a need to re-assess in vitro data and to carry out randomised clinical trials. Further investigations of these drugs are recommended on a priority basis."}, {"pmid": 32370594, "title": "Psychiatry in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Aust N Z J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Galletly, Cherrie"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370594", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328954, "pmcid": "PMC7180681", "title": "Clinical Pathway for Early Diagnosis of COVID-19: Updates from Experience to Evidence-Based Practice.", "journal": "Clin Rev Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Xu, Guogang", "Yang, Yongshi", "Du, Yingzhen", "Peng, Fujun", "Hu, Peng", "Wang, Runsheng", "Yin, Ming", "Li, Tianzhi", "Tu, Lei", "Sun, Jinlyu", "Jiang, Taijiao", "Chang, Christopher"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328954", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a significant global event in the history of infectious diseases. The SARS-CoV-2 appears to have originated from bats but is now easily transmissible among humans, primarily through droplet or direct contact. Clinical features of COVID-19 include high fever, cough, and fatigue which may progress to ARDS. Respiratory failure can occur rapidly after this. The primary laboratory findings include lymphopenia and eosinopenia. Elevated D-dimer, procalcitonin, and CRP levels may correlate with disease severity. Imaging findings include ground-glass opacities and patchy consolidation on CT scan. Mortality is higher in patients with hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and COPD. Elderly patients are more susceptible to severe disease and death, while children seem to have lower rates of infection and lower mortality. Diagnostic criteria and the identification of persons under investigation have evolved as more data has emerged. However, the approach to diagnosis is still very variable from region to region, country to country, and even among different hospitals in the same city. The importance of a clinical pathway to implement the most effective and relevant diagnostic strategy is of critical importance to establish the control of this virus that is responsible for more and more deaths each day."}, {"pmid": 32189010, "pmcid": "PMC7087553", "title": "Correction to: COVID-19: a novel coronavirus and a novel challenge for critical care.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Arabi, Yaseen M", "Murthy, Srinivas", "Webb, Steve"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189010", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake."}, {"pmid": 32404141, "pmcid": "PMC7218525", "title": "Lausanne medical dispatch centre's response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med", "authors": ["Dami, Fabrice", "Berthoz, Vincent"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 crisis is an unprecedented event. It is therefore essential for dispatch centres to share their experiences while the crisis is underway, similar to hospitals, so that we will all benefit from feedback.This letter to the editor describes the Lausanne dispatch centre response to COVID-19 and the lessons learned so far."}, {"pmid": 32398329, "title": "An Approach to Consolidating Pediatric Hospital Beds During the COVID-19 Surge.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Franca, Urbano L", "McManus, Michael L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315075, "pmcid": "PMC7264796", "title": "COVID-19, Post-acute Care Preparedness and Nursing Homes: Flawed Policy in the Fog of War.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Gurwitz, Jerry H"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426896, "title": "Intra-articular injections in people with haemophilia in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Haemophilia", "authors": ["De la Corte-Rodriguez, Hortensia", "Rodriguez-Merchan, E Carlos", "Alvarez-Roman, M Teresa", "Jimenez-Yuste, Victor"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426896", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243266, "pmcid": "PMC7273861", "title": "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Li, Xin", "Guo, Zhen", "Li, Bailing", "Zhang, Xiaolin", "Tian, Rui", "Wu, Wei", "Zhang, Zhongwei", "Lu, Yunfei", "Chen, Nan", "Clifford, Sean P", "Huang, Jiapeng"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243266", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cannot be adequately managed with mechanical ventilation alone. The role and outcome of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the management of COVID-19 is currently unclear. Eight COVID-19 patients have received ECMO support in Shanghai with seven with venovenous (VV) ECMO support and one veno arterial (VA) ECMO during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. As of March 25, 2020, four patients died (50% mortality), three patients (37.5%) were successfully weaned off ECMO after 22, 40, and 47 days support, respectively, but remain on mechanical ventilation. One patient is still on VV ECMO with mechanical ventilation. The partial pressure of oxygen/fractional of inspired oxygen ratio before ECMO initiation was between 54 and 76, and all were well below 100. The duration of mechanical ventilation before ECMO ranged from 4 to 21 days. Except the one emergent VA ECMO during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, other patients were on ECMO support for between 18 and 47 days. In conclusion, ensuring effective, timely, and safe ECMO support in COVID-19 is key to improving clinical outcomes. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support might be an integral part of the critical care provided for COVID-19 patients in centers with advanced ECMO expertise."}, {"pmid": 32444450, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in ambulatory and hospitalised Spanish children.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["de Ceano-Vivas, Maria", "Martin-Espin, Irene", "Del Rosal, Teresa", "Bueno-Barriocanal, Marta", "Plata-Gallardo, Marta", "Ruiz-Dominguez, Jose Antonio", "Lopez-Lopez, Rosario", "Molina-Gutierrez, Miguel Angel", "Bote-Gascon, Patricia", "Gonzalez-Bertolin, Isabel", "Garcia-Sanchez, Paula", "Martin-Sanchez, Julia", "de Miguel-Lavisier, Begona", "Sainz, Talia", "Baquero-Artigao, Fernando", "Mendez-Echevarria, Ana", "Calvo, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444450", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409437, "title": "Management of patients with COVID-19 in the medical ICU.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Wu, Chao Ping", "Latifi, Mani", "Mireles-Cabodevila, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409437", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 management practices devised for the medical intensive care unit (ICU) are centered on two main goals: ensuring caregiver safety and providing the highest quality patient care through adherence to evidence-based best practices. Rapid, sweeping changes for successful management are based on creating an educational platform to introduce and then further cement these concepts through a unified approach to clinical care. Creating a culture change in a short period of time requires overcoming a host of challenges; however, the result is a more unified and focused approach."}, {"pmid": 32428941, "title": "Potential Unconventional Medicines for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Drug Res (Stuttg)", "authors": ["Coppola, Maurizio", "Mondola, Raffaella"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428941", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405269, "pmcid": "PMC7217787", "title": "Targeting T-cell senescence and cytokine storm with rapamycin to prevent severe progression in COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Omarjee, Loukman", "Janin, Anne", "Perrot, Frederique", "Laviolle, Bruno", "Meilhac, Olivier", "Mahe, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405269", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385988, "title": "[Discussion and suggestion on the classification of severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 in Chinese experts' consensus on diagnosis and treatment of severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Zhou, Qingshan"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385988", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492210, "title": "Tocilizumab Administration in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Subcutaneous Injection versus Intravenous Infusion.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Shabani, Minoosh", "Shokouhi, Shervin", "Moradi, Omid", "Saffaei, Ali", "Sahraei, Zahra"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492210", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent studies have revealed that cytokine storm syndrome, which is caused by the activation of inflammatory cytokines, is a likely underlying pathophysiology in patients with severe COVID-19 that has been associated with a high mortality rate1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32388417, "pmcid": "PMC7194577", "title": "Role of electronic media in mitigating the psychological impacts of novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Bilal", "Latif, Faiza", "Bashir, Muhammad Farhan", "Komal, Bushra", "Tan, Duojiao"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388417", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current research initiative focuses on the role of Pakistani media in eliminating panic and depression among health practitioners and the general public due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19). In Pakistan, electronic media is the most common source of information due to the higher rural population and the lower literacy rate and media's handling of COVID-19 coverage so far creates panic and depression. We suggest that special televised transmissions featuring psychologists and physiatrists should be aired to reduce the panic. Media also mitigates the stress of frontline medical staff by paying special attributes to them."}, {"pmid": 32113505, "pmcid": "PMC7158947", "title": "Secondary attack rate and superspreading events for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Liu, Yang", "Eggo, Rosalind M", "Kucharski, Adam J"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113505", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251848, "pmcid": "PMC7194857", "title": "Residency and Fellowship Program Accreditation: Effects of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Potts, John R 3rd"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251848", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531541, "pmcid": "PMC7261099", "title": "Are individuals with cardiovascular disease at risk of COVID-19-related mental health problems or individuals with cardiovascular disease at risk of cardiovascular disease-related mental health problems during COVID-19? A psychological-psychiatric perspective.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Sonia"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531541", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253942, "title": "Facing COVID-19 in Ophthalmology Department.", "journal": "Curr Eye Res", "authors": ["Romano, Mario R", "Montericcio, Alessio", "Montalbano, Clara", "Raimondi, Raffaele", "Allegrini, Davide", "Ricciardelli, Gabriella", "Angi, Martina", "Pagano, Luca", "Romano, Vito"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253942", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose: To provide useful guidelines, targeted at ophthalmology professionals, to minimize COVID-19 infection of both health-care workers and patients.Methods: In this review we present updated literature merged with our experience from hospitals in Bergamo, the epicenter of the COVID-19 European outbreak.Results: Non-pharmaceutical interventions, hygienic recommendations and personal protective equipment to contain viral spread as well as a suggested risk assessment for postponement of non-urgent cases should be applied in ophthalmologist activity. A triage for ophthalmic outpatient clinic is mandatory.Conclusion: Ophthalmology practice should be reorganized in order to face COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32414749, "title": "Covid-19: Cases of inflammatory syndrome in children surge after urgent alert.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414749", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396986, "pmcid": "PMC7272992", "title": "Multidisciplinary guidance for safe tracheostomy care during the COVID-19 pandemic: the NHS National Patient Safety Improvement Programme (NatPatSIP).", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["McGrath, B A", "Ashby, N", "Birchall, M", "Dean, P", "Doherty, C", "Ferguson, K", "Gimblett, J", "Grocott, M", "Jacob, T", "Kerawala, C", "Macnaughton, P", "Magennis, P", "Moonesinghe, R", "Twose, P", "Wallace, S", "Higgs, A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396986", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a significant increase in the number of patients requiring relatively prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation and an associated surge in patients who need a tracheostomy to facilitate weaning from respiratory support. In parallel, there has been a global increase in guidance from professional bodies representing staff who care for patients with tracheostomies at different points in their acute hospital journey, rehabilitation and recovery. Of concern are the risks to healthcare staff of infection arising from tracheostomy insertion and caring for patients with a tracheostomy. Hospitals are also facing extraordinary demands on critical care services such that many patients who require a tracheostomy will be managed outside established intensive care or head and neck units and cared for by staff with little tracheostomy experience. These concerns led NHS England and NHS Improvement to expedite the National Patient Safety Improvement Programme's 'Safe Tracheostomy Care' workstream as part of the NHS COVID-19 response. Supporting this workstream, UK stakeholder organisations involved in tracheostomy care were invited to develop consensus guidance based on: expert opinion; the best available published literature; and existing multidisciplinary guidelines. Topics with direct relevance for frontline staff were identified. This consensus guidance includes: infectivity of patients with respect to tracheostomy indications and timing; aerosol-generating procedures and risks to staff; insertion procedures; and management following tracheostomy."}, {"pmid": 32433282, "pmcid": "PMC7268819", "title": "Comment on \"Minimally Invasive Surgery and the Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Lessons Learned in China and Italy\".", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Muratore, Andrea", "Delrio, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433282", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471115, "title": "The Network of Angiotensin Receptors in Breast Cancer.", "journal": "Cells", "authors": ["Acconcia, Filippo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471115", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a network of proteins regulating many aspects of human physiology, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, and immune system physiology. The RAS is a complicated network of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) (i.e., AT1R, AT2R, MASR, and MRGD) orchestrating the effects of several hormones (i.e., angiotensin II, angiotensin (1-7), and alamandine) produced by protease-based transmembrane receptors (ACE1 and ACE2). Two signaling axes have been identified in the RAS endocrine system that mediate the proliferative actions of angiotensin II (i.e., the AT1R-based pathway) or the anti-proliferative effects of RAS hormones (i.e., the AT2R-, MAS-, and MRGD-based pathways). Disruption of the balance between these two axes can cause different diseases (e.g., cardiovascular pathologies and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2- (SARS-CoV-2)-based COVID-19 disease). It is now accepted that all the components of the RAS endocrine system are expressed in cancer, including cancer of the breast. Breast cancer (BC) is a multifactorial pathology for which there is a continuous need to identify novel drugs. Here, I reviewed the possible roles of both axes of the RAS endocrine network as potential druggable pathways in BC. Remarkably, the analysis of the current knowledge of the different GPCRs of the RAS molecular system not only confirms that AT1R could be considered a drug target and that its inhibition by losartan and candesartan could be useful in the treatment of BC, but also identifies Mas-related GPCR member D (MRGD) as a druggable protein. Overall, the RAS of GPCRs offers multifaceted opportunities for the development of additional compounds for the treatment of BC."}, {"pmid": 32348489, "pmcid": "PMC7197522", "title": "COVID-19: Is Everything Appropriate to Create an Effective Vaccine?", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cioffi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348489", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217947, "pmcid": "PMC7172574", "title": "Perioperative COVID-19 Defense: An Evidence-Based Approach for Optimization of Infection Control and Operating Room Management.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Dexter, Franklin", "Parra, Michelle C", "Brown, Jeremiah R", "Loftus, Randy W"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217947", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe an evidence-based approach for optimization of infection control and operating room management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Confirmed modes of viral transmission are primarily but not exclusively contact with contaminated environmental surfaces and aerosolization. Evidence-based improvement strategies for attenuation of residual environmental contamination involve a combination of deep cleaning with surface disinfectants and ultraviolet light (UV-C). (1) Place alcohol-based hand rubs on the IV pole to the left of the provider. Double glove during induction. (2) Place a wire basket lined with a zip closure plastic bag, on the IV pole to the right of the provider. Place all contaminated instruments in the bag (i.e. laryngoscope blades and handles) and close. Designate and maintain clean and dirty areas. After induction of anesthesia, wipe down all equipment and surfaces with disinfection wipes that contain a quaternary ammonium compound and alcohol. Use a top down cleaning sequence adequate to reduce bioburden. Treat operating rooms using UV-C. (3) Decolonize patients using pre-procedural chlorhexidine wipes, 2 doses of nasal povidone iodine within one hour of incision, and chlorhexidine mouth rinse. (4) Create a closed lumen IV system and use hub disinfection. (5) Provide data feedback by surveillance of ESKAPE transmission. (6) To reduce the use of surgical masks and to reduce potential COVID-19 exposure, use relatively long (e.g., 12-hour) staff shifts. If there are 8 essential cases to be done (each lasting 1-2 hours), the ideal solution is to have 2 teams complete the 8 cases, not 8 first case starts. (7) Do 1 case in each operating room daily, with terminal cleaning after each case including UV-C or equivalent. (8) Do not have patients go into a large, pooled phase I post-anesthesia care unit, because of the risk of contaminating facility at large along with many staff. Instead, have most patients recover in the room where they had surgery, like done routinely in Japan. These 8 programmatic recommendations stand on a substantial body of empirical evidence characterizing the epidemiology of perioperative transmission and infection development made possible by support from the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation (APSF)."}, {"pmid": 32348867, "pmcid": "PMC7194700", "title": "Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 outbreak on international students living in Hubei province, China.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Fakhar-E-Alam Kulyar, Muhammad", "Bhutta, Zeeshan Ahmad", "Shabbir, Samina", "Akhtar, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348867", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425655, "pmcid": "PMC7233331", "title": "Elective procedures for prostate cancer in the time of Covid-19: a multidisciplinary team experience.", "journal": "Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis", "authors": ["Sciarra, Alessandro", "Salciccia, Stefano", "Maggi, Martina", "Del Giudice, Francesco", "Busetto, Gian Maria", "Musio, Daniela", "Ciardi, Antonio", "Catalano, Carlo", "Cortesi, Enrico", "Panebianco, Valeria"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425655", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 29th 2020, 97,689 cases of COVID-19 have been diagnosed only in Italy, with 73,880 actually positive cases, a daily increase of 3815 cases, 27,386 hospitalized and 3906 patients in intensive care units, causing a total of 10,779 known deaths. In all urological departments, quickly inpatient and outpatient services have been significantly reduced. Even in this COVID-19 situation, urological neoplasm care must go on, but significant changes need to be made in the way some care is delivered. We compared diagnostic and therapeutic elective procedures requested and performed for PC management from our multidisciplinary team (MDT) during 1 month activity in the highest national level of COVID-19 infection (March 2020) and under restrictions for all the population, with the management performed in a no-COVID-19 month (March 2019) 1 year ago. The only management that did not received a significant reduction are medical therapies for advanced hormone sensitive (HS) or castration resistant (CR) PC. We describe our MDT identifications of elective undeferrable PC management in this COVID-19 time. These suggestions have been considered for a country (ITALY) under a rapid increase of COVID-19 cases and complications, but in a region with an actual lower impact (2914 actual positive and 1079 hospitalized cases) from the infection and in an hospital not completely converted to COVID-19 management. Indications should be different and restricted only to emergencies on the basis of COVID-19 pandemic situation and hospital involvement."}, {"pmid": 32246101, "pmcid": "PMC7118703", "title": "Controversies of renin-angiotensin system inhibition during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Rev Nephrol", "authors": ["South, Andrew M", "Tomlinson, Laurie", "Edmonston, Daniel", "Hiremath, Swapnil", "Sparks, Matthew A"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246101", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360133, "pmcid": "PMC7151446", "title": "Screening for active COVID-19 infection and immunization status prior to biologic therapy in IBD patients at the time of the pandemic outbreak.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Zingone, Fabiana", "Buda, Andrea", "Savarino, Edoardo Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360133", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 has been recently classified as pandemic infection by the World Health Organization. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are invited to follow the national recommendations as any other person. It is unclear whether a more aggressive clinical course might develop in asymptomatic COVID-19 infected subjects during biological therapy and current evidence does not support treatment suspension. However, during pandemic, the start of treatment with immunosuppressive drugs and biologics should be postponed whenever possible and based on an individual risk assessment. When clinical conditions and the disease activity do not allow a treatment delay, before starting a biological therapy, screening of IBD patients for COVID-19 active infection by RT-PCR should be advisable, even in absence of clinical suspicion. Serum antibody testing, when available, could provide evidence of infection as well as identify patients already immune to the disease."}, {"pmid": 32500660, "title": "Management of adult patients with severe atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab during COVID-19 pandemic: a single-center real-life experience.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Rossi, Mariateresa", "Rovati, Chiara", "Arisi, Mariachiara", "Soglia, Simone", "Calzavara-Pinton, Piergiacomo"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342877, "pmcid": "PMC7195326", "title": "Implications for cancer care in Iran during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Akbarzadeh, Mohammad Amin", "Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342877", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272394, "pmcid": "PMC7138173", "title": "Hopelessness, helplessness and resilience: The importance of safeguarding our trainees' mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nurse Educ Pract", "authors": ["Shaw, Sebastian C K"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272394", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457036, "title": "ESMO management and treatment adapted recommendations in the COVID-19 era: colorectal cancer.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Vecchione, Loredana", "Stintzing, Sebastian", "Pentheroudakis, George", "Douillard, Jean-Yves", "Lordick, Florian"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457036", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic challenges health system capacities in many countries. National healthcare services have to manage unexpected shortage of healthcare resources that have to be reallocated according to the principles of fair and ethical prioritisation, in order to maintain the highest levels of care to all patients, ensure the safety of patients and healthcare workers and save as many lives as possible. Beyond that, cancer care services have to pursue restructuring, following the same evidence-based dispositions. In this article, we propose guidance to the management of colorectal cancer during the pandemic, prioritised according to a three-tiered framework, based on expert clinical judgement and magnitude of benefit expected from specific interventions. Since the availability of resources for diagnostic procedures, surgery and postoperative care, systemic therapy and radiotherapy may differ, authors did separate prioritisation analyses. The impact of postponing or abrogating cancer interventions on outcomes according to a high, medium or low priority scale, is outlined and discussed. The implementation of healthcare services using telemedicine is explored: it reveals itself as functional and effective for limiting patients' need to travel to centres and thereby has the potential to reduce diffusion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Colorectal cancer demands a considerable amount of medical resources. Therefore, the redefinition of its diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms with a rigorous method is crucial in order to ensure the highest quality of continuum of care in the broader context of the pandemic and the challenged healthcare systems."}, {"pmid": 32358678, "pmcid": "PMC7195298", "title": "Computed tomography of the lungs in novel corona virus (COVID-19) infection.", "journal": "Pediatr Radiol", "authors": ["Lai, Wei", "Xie, Chuxing", "Pan, Haien", "Fan, Miao", "Liu, Jianxin"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358678", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387762, "pmcid": "PMC7187859", "title": "Transient cortical blindness in COVID-19 pneumonia; a PRES-like syndrome: Case report.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Kaya, Yildiz", "Kara, Simay", "Akinci, Canan", "Kocaman, Ayse Sagduyu"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387762", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431003, "title": "Call to action for advocacy of immigrant nurses during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["Tayaben, Jude Laoagan", "Younas, Ahtisham"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431003", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479106, "pmcid": "PMC7273461", "title": "Notice of Retraction: Effectiveness of Surgical and Cotton Masks in Blocking SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Bae, Seongman", "Kim, Min-Chul", "Kim, Ji Yeun", "Cha, Hye-Hee", "Lim, Joon Seo", "Jung, Jiwon", "Kim, Min-Jae", "Oh, Dong Kyu", "Lee, Mi-Kyung", "Choi, Seong-Ho", "Sung, Minki", "Hong, Sang-Bum", "Chung, Jin-Won", "Kim, Sung-Han"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479106", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336471, "pmcid": "PMC7180157", "title": "Methodological challenges in studying the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Knottnerus, J Andre", "Tugwell, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336471", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472662, "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: Is there enough evidence?", "journal": "J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)", "authors": ["Tadic, Marijana", "Cuspidi, Cesare", "Sala, Carla"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472662", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19, a disease caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent data showed that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most prevalent comorbidities in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, data indicate that hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are important risk factors for progression and unfavorable outcome in COVID-19 patients. There is only limited amount of data regarding follow-up of these patients, and they provided conflicting results. The main limitation is a small number of participants and particularly those who experienced primary composite outcome (admission in intensive care unit, use of mechanical ventilation, or death). Additionally, the limited number of patients was essential obstacle for performing analysis that would include many confounding factors such as advanced age, smoking status, and obesity and potentially change conclusion. So far, there is no study that demonstrated independent predictive value of diabetes on mortality in COVID-19 patients, but there are many speculations about the association between diabetes and susceptibility to novel coronavirus, as well as its impact on progression and prognosis of COVID-19. The aim of this review article was to summarize the current knowledge about the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 and its role in outcome in these patients."}, {"pmid": 32236998, "pmcid": "PMC7228210", "title": "Solidarity and transparency against the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Arora, Gulhima", "Kroumpouzos, George", "Kassir, Martin", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Sitkowska, Zuzanna", "Grabbe, Stephan", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415962, "pmcid": "PMC7239152", "title": "Reply: Use of statins in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Goldstein, Mark R", "Poland, Gregory A", "Graeber, Charles W"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415962", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494854, "pmcid": "PMC7268182", "title": "A review of pathophysiology and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Jasti, Madhu", "Nalleballe, Krishna", "Dandu, Vasuki", "Onteddu, Sanjeeva"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494854", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the most serious pandemics of the recent times. Since this pandemic began, there have been numerous reports about the COVID-19 involvement of the nervous system. There have been reports of both direct and indirect involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system by the virus. To review the neuropsychiatric manifestations along with corresponding pathophysiologic mechanisms of nervous system involvement by the COVID-19. Since the beginning of the disease in humans in the later part of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread across the world with over 2,719,000 reported cases in over 200 countries [World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report-96.,]. While patients typically present with fever, shortness of breath, sore throat, and cough, neurologic manifestations have been reported, as well. These include the ones with both direct and indirect involvement of the nervous system. The reported manifestations include anosmia, ageusia, central respiratory failure, stroke, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy, toxic-metabolic encephalopathy, headache, myalgia, myelitis, ataxia, and various neuropsychiatric manifestations. These data were derived from the published clinical data in various journals and case reports. The neurological manifestations of the COVID-19 are varied and the data about this continue to evolve as the pandemic continues to progress."}, {"pmid": 32423292, "pmcid": "PMC7240314", "title": "Management of the Clinical and Academic Mission in an Urban Otolaryngology Department During the COVID-19 Global Crisis.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Batra, Pete S", "LoSavio, Phillip S", "Michaelides, Elias", "Revenaugh, Peter C", "Tajudeen, Bobby A", "Al-Khudari, Samer", "Husain, Inna", "Papagiannopoulos, Peter", "Smith, Ryan", "Stenson, Kerstin M", "Wiet, R Mark"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of this study was to assess the strategic changes implemented in the departmental mission to continue safe delivery of otolaryngology care and to support the broader institutional mission during the COVID-19 pandemic response. Retrospective assessment was performed to the response and management strategy developed to transform the clinical and academic enterprise. Large urban tertiary care referral center. The departmental structure was reorganized along new clinical teams to effectively meet the system directives for provision of otolaryngology care and support for inpatient cases of COVID-19. A surge deployment schedule was developed to assist frontline colleagues with clinical support as needed. Outpatient otolaryngology was consolidated across the system with conversion of the majority of visits to telehealth. Operative procedures were prioritized to ensure throughput for emergent and time-critical urgent procedures. A tracheostomy protocol was developed to guide management of emergent and elective airways. Educational and research efforts were redirected to focus on otolaryngology care in the clinical context of the COVID-19 crisis. Emergence of the COVID-19 global health crisis has challenged delivery of otolaryngology care in an unparalleled manner. The concerns for preserving health of the workforce while ethically addressing patient career needs in a timely manner has created significant dilemmas. A proactive, thoughtful approach that reorganizes the overall departmental effort through provider and staff engagement can facilitate the ability to meet the needs of otolaryngology patients and to support the greater institutional mission to combat the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32276848, "pmcid": "PMC7141453", "title": "Prolonged viral shedding in feces of pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Xing, Yu-Han", "Ni, Wei", "Wu, Qin", "Li, Wen-Jie", "Li, Guo-Ju", "Wang, Wen-Di", "Tong, Jian-Ning", "Song, Xiu-Feng", "Wing-Kin Wong, Gary", "Xing, Quan-Sheng"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276848", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the dynamic changes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in respiratory and fecal specimens in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). From January 17, 2020 to February 23, 2020, three paediatric cases of COVID-19 were reported in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment data were collected. Patients were followed up to March 10, 2020, and dynamic profiles of nucleic acid testing results in throat swabs and fecal specimens were closely monitored. Clearance of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory tract occurred within two weeks after abatement of fever, whereas viral RNA remained detectable in stools of pediatric patients for longer than 4 weeks. Two children had fecal SARS-CoV-2 undetectable 20 days after throat swabs showing negative, while that of another child lagged behind for 8 days. SARS-CoV-2 may exist in children's gastrointestinal tract for a longer time than respiratory system. Persistent shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in stools of infected children raises the possibility that the virus might be transmitted through contaminated fomites. Massive efforts should be made at all levels to prevent spreading of the infection among children after reopening of kindergartens and schools."}, {"pmid": 32283575, "pmcid": "PMC7225025", "title": "Stability and Viability of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubens, Jessica H", "Karakousis, Petros C", "Jain, Sanjay K"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283575", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502757, "pmcid": "PMC7255089", "title": "COVID 19: Disruptive impacts and transformative opportunities in undergraduate nurse education.", "journal": "Nurse Educ Pract", "authors": ["Carolan, Clare", "Davies, Caitlin L", "Crookes, Patrick", "McGhee, Stephen", "Roxburgh, Michelle"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502757", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475759, "pmcid": "PMC7237916", "title": "IL-6: Relevance for immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Gubernatorova, E O", "Gorshkova, E A", "Polinova, A I", "Drutskaya, M S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475759", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 mortality is strongly associated with the development of severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome with the worst outcome resulting in cytokine release syndrome and multiorgan failure. It is becoming critically important to identify at the early stage of the infection those patients who are prone to develop the most adverse effects. Elevated systemic interleukin-6 levels in patients with COVID-19 are considered as a relevant parameter in predicting most severe course of disease and the need for intensive care. This review discusses the mechanisms by which IL-6 may possibly contribute to disease exacerbation and the potential of therapeutic approaches based on anti-IL-6 biologics."}, {"pmid": 32521707, "title": "Non-Overt Coagulopathy in Non-ICU Patients with Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Mazzaccaro, Daniela", "Giacomazzi, Francesca", "Giannetta, Matteo", "Varriale, Alberto", "Scaramuzzo, Rosa", "Modafferi, Alfredo", "Malacrida, Giovanni", "Righini, Paolo", "Marrocco-Trischitta, Massimiliano M", "Nano, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521707", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aim of the study is to assess the occurrence of early stage coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in patients with mild to moderate respiratory distress secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data of patients hospitalized from 18 March 2020 to 20 April 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Two scores for the screening of coagulopathy (SIC and non-overt DIC scores) were calculated. The occurrence of thrombotic complication, death, and worsening respiratory function requiring non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or admission to ICU were recorded, and these outcomes were correlated with the results of each score. Chi-square test, receiver-operating characteristic curve, and logistic regression analysis were used as appropriate. p Values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Data of 32 patients were analyzed. Overt-DIC was diagnosed in two patients (6.2%), while 26 (81.2%) met the criteria for non-overt DIC. Non-overt DIC score values \u22654 significantly correlated with the need of NIV/ICU (p = 0.02) and with the occurrence of thrombotic complications (p = 0.04). A score \u22654 was the optimal cut-off value, performing better than SIC score (p = 0.0018). Values \u22654 in patients with thrombotic complications were predictive of death (p = 0.03). Overt DIC occurred in 6.2% of non-ICU patients hospitalized for a mild to moderate COVID-19 respiratory distress, while 81.2% fulfilled the criteria for non-overt DIC. The non-overt DIC score performed better than the SIC score in predicting the need of NIV/ICU and the occurrence of thrombotic complications, as well as in predicting mortality in patients with thrombotic complications, with a score \u22654 being detected as the optimal cut-off."}, {"pmid": 32501147, "title": "Geriatric Health in Bangladesh during COVID-19: Challenges and Recommendations.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Hossain, Md Mahbub", "Mazumder, Hoimonty", "Tasnim, Samia", "Nuzhath, Tasmiah", "Sultana, Abida"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501147", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is impacting health globally, whereas older adults are highly susceptible and more likely to have adverse health outcomes. In Bangladesh, the elderly population has been increasing over the past few decades, who often live with poor socioeconomic conditions and inadequate access to healthcare services. These disparities are likely to increase amid COVID-19, which may result in high mortality and morbidity among Bangladeshi older adults. We recommend that multifaceted interventions should be adopted for strengthening social care and health systems approach to ensure wellbeing, promote preventive measures, and facilitate access to healthcare among older adults in Bangladesh. Such multipronged measures would require policy-level commitment and collaborative efforts of health and social care providers and institutions to protect health and wellbeing among this vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32141624, "pmcid": "PMC7228381", "title": "Transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak and effectiveness of government interventions: A data-driven analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Fang, Yaqing", "Nie, Yiting", "Penny, Marshare"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32141624", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using the parameterized susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model, we simulated the spread dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and impact of different control measures, conducted the sensitivity analysis to identify the key factor, plotted the trend curve of effective reproductive number (R), and performed data fitting after the simulation. By simulation and data fitting, the model showed the peak existing confirmed cases of 59\u2009769 arriving on 15 February 2020, with the coefficient of determination close to 1 and the fitting bias 3.02%, suggesting high precision of the data-fitting results. More rigorous government control policies were associated with a slower increase in the infected population. Isolation and protective procedures would be less effective as more cases accrue, so the optimization of the treatment plan and the development of specific drugs would be of more importance. There was an upward trend of R in the beginning, followed by a downward trend, a temporary rebound, and another continuous decline. The feature of high infectiousness for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) led to an upward trend, and government measures contributed to the temporary rebound and declines. The declines of R could be exploited as strong evidence for the effectiveness of the interventions. Evidence from the four-phase stringent measures showed that it was significant to ensure early detection, early isolation, early treatment, adequate medical supplies, patients' being admitted to designated hospitals, and comprehensive therapeutic strategy. Collaborative efforts are required to combat the novel coronavirus, focusing on both persistent strict domestic interventions and vigilance against exogenous imported cases."}, {"pmid": 32361826, "pmcid": "PMC7195612", "title": "COVID-19 and the endocrine system: exploring the unexplored.", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Pal, R", "Banerjee, M"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361826", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370727, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 & Covid-19: Key-Roles of the 'Renin-Angiotensin' System / Vitamin D Impacting Drug and Vaccine Developments.", "journal": "Infect Disord Drug Targets", "authors": ["Cao, Zhijian", "Wu, Yingliang", "Faucon, Emmanuelle", "Sabatier, Jean-Marc"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370727", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501624, "title": "Reply to Rapid on-site evaluation and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cancer Cytopathol", "authors": ["Chen, Chien-Chin", "Chi, Chia-Yu"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501624", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404205, "pmcid": "PMC7218504", "title": "Chiropractic students call for action against unsubstantiated claims.", "journal": "Chiropr Man Therap", "authors": ["Plener, Joshua", "Csiernik, Ben", "Bejarano, Geronimo", "Hjertstrand, Jesper", "Goodall, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404205", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus pandemic is a current global health crisis. Many chiropractic institutions, associations, and researchers have stepped up at a time of need. However, a subset of the chiropractic profession has claimed that spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is clinically effective in improving one's immunity, despite the lack of supporting scientific evidence. These unsubstantiated claims contradict official public health policy reflecting poorly on the profession. The aim of this commentary is to provide our perspective on the claims regarding SMT and clinically relevant immunity enhancement, drawing attention to the damaging ramifications these claims might have on our profession's reputation. The World Federation of Chiropractic released a rapid review demonstrating the lack of clinically relevant evidence regarding SMT and immunity enhancement. The current claims contradicting this review carry significant potential risk to patients. Furthermore, as a result of these misleading claims, significant media attention and public critiques of the profession are being made. We believe inaction by regulatory bodies will lead to confusion among the public and other healthcare providers, unfortunately damaging the profession's reputation. The resulting effect on the reputation of the profession is greatly concerning to us, as students. It is our hope that all regulatory bodies will protect the public by taking appropriate action against chiropractors making unfounded claims contradicting public health policy. We believe it is the responsibility of all stakeholders in the chiropractic profession to ensure this is carried out and the standard of care is raised. We call on current chiropractors to ensure a viable profession exists moving forward."}, {"pmid": 32516262, "title": "Clinical Decision Support Tools and the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Christ Nurs", "authors": ["Kaiafas, Kristen N"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516262", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232218, "pmcid": "PMC7096724", "title": "Prevalence of Underlying Diseases in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Emami, Amir", "Javanmardi, Fatemeh", "Pirbonyeh, Neda", "Akbari, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232218", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the beginning of 2020, an unexpected outbreak due to a new corona virus made the headlines all over the world. Exponential growth in the number of those affected makes this virus such a threat. The current meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of underlying disorders in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A comprehensive systematic search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, and Google scholar, to find articles published until 15 February 2020. All relevant articles that reported clinical characteristics and epidemiological information of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were included in the analysis. The data of 76993 patients presented in 10 articles were included in this study. According to the meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, smoking history and diabetes in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 were estimated as 16.37% (95%CI: 10.15%-23.65%), 12.11% (95%CI 4.40%-22.75%), 7.63% (95%CI 3.83%-12.43%) and 7.87% (95%CI 6.57%-9.28%), respectively. According to the findings of the present study, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), malignancy, and chronic kidney disease were among the most prevalent underlying diseases among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32417904, "pmcid": "PMC7239161", "title": "COVID-19 infection also occurs in patients taking hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Lahouati, M", "Meriglier, E", "Martin, L", "Bouchet, S", "Desclaux, A", "Bonnet, F"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417904", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284797, "pmcid": "PMC7136682", "title": "We have to write and share valid and reliable information on COVID-19.", "journal": "Malays Fam Physician", "authors": ["Liew, Su May", "Khoo, Ee Ming", "Cheah, Wee Kooi", "Goh, Pik Pin", "Ibrahim, Hishamshah M"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284797", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458395, "pmcid": "PMC7250585", "title": "Bowel perforation in a Covid-19 patient: case report.", "journal": "Int J Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["De Nardi, Paola", "Parolini, Danilo C", "Ripa, Marco", "Racca, Sara", "Rosati, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458395", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), it became evident that a proportion of patients may present with gastrointestinal symptoms. We report the case of a Covid-19-infected patient who, during recovery from the pulmonary pneumonia, had gastrointestinal symptoms followed by a diastasic right colon perforation due to acute over distension of the bowel. This case highlights the importance of paying attention to initial gastrointestinal symptoms in order to prevent possible complications."}, {"pmid": 32473934, "pmcid": "PMC7247984", "title": "Ensuring care for clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Nichols, Jessica", "Gannon, Jessica M", "Conlogue, Judith", "Sarpal, Deepak", "Montgomery, Jamie L", "Sherwood, Robin", "Fabian, Tanya", "Ballough, Juliette R", "Fredrick, Noreen M", "Chengappa, K N Roy"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473934", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499970, "pmcid": "PMC7265762", "title": "Psychological and Behavioral Response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Balkhi, Fizra", "Nasir, Aamna", "Zehra, Arhama", "Riaz, Ramsha"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499970", "countries": ["China", "Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background The outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, which began in December 2019, evolved to become a global pandemic. The pandemic, along with the obvious health-related impact, also poses a serious threat to the psychological well-being of individuals and has resulted in significant behavioral changes. We aimed to describe the psycho-behavioral response to this crisis among the population of Karachi, Pakistan, in the month of March 2020. Methods A structured, self-administered questionnaire was constructed, based on previously conducted surveys, assessing the psychological impact and behavioral changes pertaining to COVID-19. Questionnaires were made available online, and were administered to any individual who was a resident of Karachi, during March 2020. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) to identify possible risk factors for psychological and behavioral changes. The responses were compared based on gender, age, and level of education, to find possible statistical correlations using chi-square test. Results This research studied data from 400 participants residing in Karachi, Pakistan. The spread of the virus had resulted in subsequent development of fears in the target population,\u00a0with the majority of the respondents feeling anxious on a daily basis (62.5%). The participants feared going to marketplaces (88.8%), were concerned for the health of their family members (94.5%), and felt under-confident with the current infection control measures (71%). Significantly elevated levels of fear were noted among people >35 years of age. They were more likely to fear for the safety of their health even at home (p=0.06). Meanwhile, increased\u00a0levels of anxiety due to use of social media among people below 35 years had resulted in avoidance behaviors (p=0.04). There was a higher tendency for graduates to fear for the safety of their health, even at home (p<0.01).\u00a0In addition, more than three-fourths of our participants had incorporated changes in their behavior to ensure their safety i.e. reduced physical contact (86.5%) and visits to healthcare facilities (74.5%), canceled plans (84.5%), and washing hands more often (87%). Conclusion\u00a0 Our study highlighted the increased anxiety levels that an individual experienced on a regular basis regarding their health, the health of their peers, certain avoidance behaviors as a result of the disease, and behavioral changes of the concerned population. Besides calling attention to this worrisome situation, we also tried to list possible solutions to avert any future distress that may ensue as a result. Hopefully, our study will help the concerned authorities to take measures in order to alleviate the psychological and behavioral impact of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32285448, "title": "The proportion of patients with thrombocytopenia in three human-susceptible coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Zhou, Meng", "Qi, Jiaqian", "Li, Xueqian", "Zhang, Ziyan", "Yao, Yifang", "Wu, Depei", "Han, Yue"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285448", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329045, "title": "[E-health tools to overcome the gap in epilepsy care before, during and after COVID-19 pandemics].", "journal": "Rev Neurol", "authors": ["Santos-Peyret, A", "Duron, R M", "Sebastian-Diaz, M A", "Crail-Melendez, D", "Gomez-Ventura, S", "Briceno-Gonzalez, E", "Rito, Y", "Martinez-Juarez, I E"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329045", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder that affects around 50 million worldwide and there is an abundance of literature on the health care gap for this sector of the population. This gap will increase with the current pandemic due to COVID-19. To evaluate the current availability of digital health tools for the care of people with epilepsy according to the world medical literature and their use during said pandemic. We reviewed the publications in scientific journals in the last decade that had as their main topic the use of digital health tools or telemedicine focused on the care of patients with epilepsy, including 4 months after the national quarantines due to the appearance of the virus SARS-CoV-2. Seventeen publications were found on the use of telemedicine focused on epilepsy. The most widely used tools internationally are online platforms, followed by mobile applications, videoconferences, epileptic seizure capture systems, checklists, algorithms for understanding medical data, phone calls, tele-encephalography and text messages. None was published during the COVID-19 current pandemic. Although there is little literature on the use of digital health tools focused on epilepsy, there are several that can be used to fight the attention gap, especially in this global pandemic by COVID-19 that forces quarantines of people and communities for long periods. It is necessary to remove barriers and facilitate patient access to these new information technologies."}, {"pmid": 32457924, "pmcid": "PMC7197556", "title": "Analysis of Mortality in Patients With COVID-19: Clinical and Laboratory Parameters.", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tian, Sufang", "Liu, Huan", "Liao, Meiyan", "Wu, Yingjie", "Yang, Chunxiu", "Cai, Yuxiang", "Peng, Zhiyong", "Xiao, Shu-Yuan"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457924", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several reports on epidemiological and clinical features of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been published. However, mortality and morbidity analyses, important for better understanding the pathogenesis of this disease, are scarce. We examine the clinical and laboratory features of 14 patients who died of COVID-19. The cohort consisted of 11 male and 3 female patients, with 9 patients aged 70 years or above, and nearly all had underlying diseases. Fever with bilateral pneumonia was the main manifestation. Most patients had consolidations combined with ground glass opacity (GGO) on chest computed tomography scan. Laboratory tests showed lymphocytopenia in 10 patients, high blood glucose in 11, GGT in 5 of the 14 patients, and high LDH in 5 of 6 patients tested. In addition, this cohort had high level of cytokines such as interleukin-6 in all 8 patients tested. The clinical and laboratory parameters in the cohort of fatal cases may be incorporated into future clinical prognosis models and will be of help in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease."}, {"pmid": 32301997, "pmcid": "PMC7184354", "title": "Detectable serum SARS-CoV-2 viral load (RNAaemia) is closely correlated with drastically elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) level in critically ill COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Xiaohua", "Zhao, Binghong", "Qu, Yueming", "Chen, Yurou", "Xiong, Jie", "Feng, Yong", "Men, Dong", "Huang, Qianchuan", "Liu, Ying", "Yang, Bo", "Ding, Jinya", "Li, Feng"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301997", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in respiratory specimens has been widely used to diagnose coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), it is undeniable that serum SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid (RNAaemia) could be detected in a fraction of COVID-19 patients. However, it is not clear whether testing for RNAaemia is correlated with the occurrence of cytokine storms or with the specific class of patients. This study enrolled 48 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the General Hospital of Central Theater Command, PLA, a designated hospital in Wuhan, China. The patients were divided into three groups according to the \"Diagnosis and Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia (6th edition)\" issued by the National Health Commission of China. The clinical and laboratory data were collected. The serum viral load and IL-6 levels were determined. . Clinical characteristics analysis of 48 cases of COVID-19 showed that RNAaemia was diagnosed only in the critically ill group and seemed to reflect the severity of the disease. Furthermore, the level of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in critically ill patients increased significantly, almost 10 times that in other patients. More importantly, the extremely high IL-6 level was closely correlated with the detection of RNAaemia (R = 0.902). Detectable serum SARS-Cov-2 RNA(RNAaemia) in COVID-19 patients was associated with elevated IL-6 concentration and poor prognosis. Because the elevated IL-6 may be part of a larger cytokine storm which could worsen outcome, IL-6 could be a potential therapeutic target for critically ill patients with an excessive inflammatory response."}, {"pmid": 32448807, "title": "Personal protective equipment during COVID-19 outbreak at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Xu, Xiaoqun", "Wang, Hongxia", "Cheng, Lili", "Qing, Ling", "Sun, Caixia"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448807", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461413, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 related lockdown on ophthalmology training programs in India - Outcomes of a survey.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Mishra, Deepak", "Nair, Akshay Gopinathan", "Gandhi, Rashmin Anilkumar", "Gogate, Parikshit J", "Mathur, Satanshu", "Bhushan, Prashant", "Srivastav, Tanmay", "Singh, Hemendra", "Sinha, Bibhuti P", "Singh, Mahendra Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461413", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In 2020, in response to the emergence and global spread of the disease COVID-19, caused by a new variant of coronavirus 2019-nCoV, the government of India ordered a nationwide lockdown for 21 days, which was then extended to a total of over 50 days. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of the lockdown on ophthalmic training programs across India. An online survey was sent across to trainee ophthalmologists across India through various social media platforms. In all, 716 trainees responded; the average age was 29.1 years. Results showed that majority of the respondents were enrolled in residency programs (95.6%; 685/716) and the others were in fellowship programs. About 24.6% (176/716) of the trainees had been deployed on 'COVID-19 screening' duties. Nearly 80.7% (578/716) of the trainees felt that the COVID-19 lockdown had negatively impacted their surgical training. Furthermore, 54.8% (392/716) of the trainees perceived an increase in stress levels during the COVID-19 lockdown and 77.4% (554/716) reported that their family members had expressed an increased concern for their safety and wellbeing since the lockdown began. In all, 75.7% (542/716) of the respondents felt that online classes and webinars were useful during the lockdown period. Our survey showed that majority ophthalmology trainees across the country felt that the COVID-19 lockdown adversely affected their learning, especially surgical training. While most found online classes and webinars useful, the trainees' perceived stress levels were higher than normal during the lockdown. Training hospitals should take cognizance of this and reassure trainees; formulate guidelines to augment training to compensate for the lost time as well as mitigate the stress levels upon resumption of regular hospital services and training. Going ahead, permanent changes such as virtual classrooms and simulation-based training should be considered."}, {"pmid": 32376977, "pmcid": "PMC7202459", "title": "Changing trends of ocular trauma in the time of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Pellegrini, Marco", "Roda, Matilde", "Di Geronimo, Natalie", "Lupardi, Enrico", "Giannaccare, Giuseppe", "Schiavi, Costantino"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376977", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527675, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases in northeast Italy: A cross-sectional study on 916 patients.", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Zen, M", "Fuzzi, E", "Astorri, D", "Saccon, F", "Padoan, R", "Ienna, L", "Cozzi, G", "Depascale, R", "Zanatta, E", "Gasparotto, M", "Benvenuti, F", "Bindoli, S", "Gatto, M", "Felicetti, M", "Ortolan, A", "Campaniello, D", "Larosa, M", "Lorenzin, M", "Ramonda, R", "Sfriso, P", "Schiavon, F", "Iaccarino, L", "Doria, A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527675", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Whether patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) have a higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) and how SARS-CoV-2 pandemic impacts on adherence to therapy has not been fully elucidated. We assessed the rate and clinical presentation of COVID-19, and adherence to therapy in a large cohort of patients with ARD followed-up in a tertiary University-Hospital in Northeast Italy. Between April 9th and April 25th, 2020, after SARS-CoV-2 infection peak, a telephone survey investigating the impact of COVID-19 on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) was administered. Demographics, disease activity status, therapy, occupational exposure, and adherence to social distancing advise were also collected. 916 patients (397 SLE, 182 AAV, 176 SSc, 111 RA, 50 IIM) completed the survey. 148 patients developed at least one symptom compatible with COVID-19 (cough 96, sore throat 64, fever 64, arthromyalgias 59, diarrhea 26, conjunctivitis 18, ageusia/hyposmia, 18). Among the 916 patients, 65 (7.1%) underwent SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab (18 symptomatic and 47 asymptomatic), 2 (0.21%) tested positive, a proportion similar to that observed in the general population of the Veneto region. No deaths occurred. 31 patients (3.4%) withdrew \u22651 medication, mainly immunosuppressants or biologics. Adoption of social distancing was observed by 860 patients (93.9%), including 335 (36.6%) who adopted it before official lockdown. COVID-19 incidence seems to be similar in our cohort compared to the general population. Adherence to therapy and to social distancing advise was high."}, {"pmid": 32293743, "pmcid": "PMC7262189", "title": "Coinfection with COVID-19 and coronavirus HKU1-The critical need for repeat testing if clinically indicated.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chaung, Jenna", "Chan, Douglas", "Pada, Surinder", "Tambyah, Paul A"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293743", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445872, "pmcid": "PMC7240271", "title": "Sodium status and kidney involvement during COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Post, Adrian", "Dullaart, Robin P F", "Bakker, Stephan J L"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445872", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2) is expressed in epithelial cells of many tissues including the kidney, and has been identified to interact with human pathogenic coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Although diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure are the main features of COVID-19 infection, two recent studies demonstrate that kidney impairment in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is common, and that kidney involvement is associated with high risk of in-hospital death. Interestingly, studies in rats have demonstrated that high dietary sodium intake results in down-regulation of the ACE2 expression in kidney tissue. We hypothesize that low sodium status makes kidney involvement during the course of COVID-19 infection more likely due to upregulation of membrane bound ACE2 in the kidneys. We propose that sodium intake and status should be monitored carefully during severe COVID-19 infections, and that low sodium intake be corrected early in its course, despite a potential conflict regarding common dietary recommendations to restrict dietary sodium intake in patients with hypertension, diabetes, and kidney disease."}, {"pmid": 32404318, "title": "Covid-19: \"Staggering number\" of extra deaths in community is not explained by covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Griffin, Shaun"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404318", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406282, "title": "Tocilizumab: from the rheumatology practice to the fight against COVID-19, a virus infection with multiple faces.", "journal": "Expert Opin Biol Ther", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Gay, Miguel A", "Mayo, Jose", "Castaneda, Santos", "Cifrian, Jose M", "Hernandez-Rodriguez, Jose"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406282", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349935, "pmcid": "PMC7172651", "title": "Corticosteroids for Urological Cancer Care During Coronavirus Disease 2019. Treat or Not to Treat?", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Waterhouse, Jasmin V", "Hull, James H", "Linch, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349935", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current World Health Organization guidance is not to start corticosteroids, but there is no robust evidence of risk in patients with cancer and coronavirus disease 2019. A risk-benefit analysis should be performed for each patient on the use of steroids in cancer care."}, {"pmid": 32385853, "pmcid": "PMC7206409", "title": "The Italian Endo-COVID-19. Our response to the emergency.", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Isidori, A M", "Jannini, E A", "Lenzi, A", "Ghigo, E"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385853", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479895, "pmcid": "PMC7256536", "title": "Drive-Through COVID-19 Testing During the 2020 Pandemic: a safe, efficient, and scalable model for pediatric patients and healthcare workers.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Flynn, Erin F", "Kuhn, Elizabeth", "Shaik, Mohammed", "Tarr, Elizabeth", "Scattolini, Nicole", "Ballantine, Allison"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479895", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199938, "pmcid": "PMC7270593", "title": "Catheterization Laboratory Considerations During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: From the ACC's Interventional Council and SCAI.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Welt, Frederick G P", "Shah, Pinak B", "Aronow, Herbert D", "Bortnick, Anna E", "Henry, Timothy D", "Sherwood, Matthew W", "Young, Michael N", "Davidson, Laura J", "Kadavath, Sabeeda", "Mahmud, Ehtisham", "Kirtane, Ajay J"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199938", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424809, "title": "Disrupt, Innovate, and Transform in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Nosta, John"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424809", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430482, "title": "Covid-19: MPs call on Public Health England to publish evidence for decision to drop community testing.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430482", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348600, "pmcid": "PMC7267422", "title": "Bronchoscopy, laryngoscopy, and esophagoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Reddy, Priyanka D", "Nguyen, Shaun A", "Deschler, Daniel"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348600", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The United States now has the highest death toll due to COVID-19. Many otolaryngology procedures, including laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy, place otolaryngologists at increased risk of coronavirus transmission due to close contact with respiratory droplets and aerosolization from the procedure. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of guidelines on how to perform these procedures during the coronavirus pandemic. Literature review was performed. Articles citing laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy use with regard to COVID-19 were included. Laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy are all used in both emergent and elective situations. Understanding the risk stratification of cases and the varied necessity of personal protective equipment is important in protecting patients and health care workers. Summary guidelines based on the literature available at this time are presented in order to decrease transmission of the virus and protect those involved."}, {"pmid": 32490972, "title": "COVID-19 and the eye: how much do we really know? A best evidence review.", "journal": "Arq Bras Oftalmol", "authors": ["Emparan, Juan Pablo Olivares-de", "Sardi-Correa, Carolina", "Lopez-Ulloa, Juan Alberto", "Viteri-Soria, Jaime", "Penniecook, Jason A", "Jimenez-Roman, Jesus", "Lansingh, Van C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490972", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify and classify available information regarding COVID-19 and eye care according to the level of evidence, within four main topics of interest: evidence of the virus in tears and the ocular surface, infection via the conjunctival route, ocular manifestations, and best practice recommendations. A structured review was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, SciELO, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar on COVID-19 and ophthalmology. The Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence worksheet was used for quality assessments. 1018 items were identified in the search; 26 records were included in the qualitative synthesis, which encompassed 6 literature reviews, 10 case series or cross-sectional studies, 4 case reports, and 6 intervention descriptions. Seventeen out of 26 records (65%) were categorized as level 5 within the Oxford CBME methodology grading system, the rest were level 4. The evidence generated on COVID-19 and ophthalmology to date is limited, although this is understandable given the circumstances. Both the possible presence of viral particles in tears and conjunctiva, and the potential for conjunctival transmission remain controversial. Ocular manifestations are not frequent and could resemble viral infection of the ocular surface. Most recommendations are based on the strategies implemented by Asian countries during previous coronavirus outbreaks. There is a need for substantive studies evaluating these strategies in the setting of SARS-CoV-2. In the meantime, plans for applying these measures must be implemented with caution, taking into account the context of each individual country, and undergo regular evaluation."}, {"pmid": 32445935, "pmcid": "PMC7239017", "title": "Prevalence of COVID-19 among patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases treated with biologic agents or small molecules: a population-based study in the first two months of COVID-19 outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "Joint Bone Spine", "authors": ["Quartuccio, Luca", "Valent, Francesca", "Pasut, Enrico", "Tascini, Carlo", "Vita, Salvatore De"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445935", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) among adult patients treated with biologic agents or small molecules for chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, in particular chronic inflammatory arthritides. To this end, a population-based study, in the province of Udine (466,700 inhabitants, with age > 15 years old, Friuli Venezia Giulia region, Italy) was planned. The primary outcome was the prevalence of COVID-19 in the first two months of the outbreak. All the rheumatic patients treated with biologic agents or small molecules in the last 6 months in our province were included (N=1051). From February 29 to April 25, 2020, 4 adult patients (4/1051, i.e. 3.8/1000, 95% Confidence Interval 1.5-9.7/1000) were registered as swab test positive by PCR for COVID-19. Overall, a total of 47/1051 (4,5%) cases were tested for COVID-19 by PCR in the same period, and 15 of them due to symptoms compatible with COVID-19. In the general population, the prevalence was 937 cases/466700 (2/1000, 95% Confidence Interval 1.9-2.1/1000, p value=0.33, chi square test), and 20,179/466,700 (4.3%) swab tests for COVID-19 were performed.. The risk of COVID-19 in rheumatic patients under biologic agents or small molecules does not appear different from that observed in the general population. Patients should be informed to safely proceed with their treatment and follow the rules for self-protection to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 31978293, "title": "A Novel Coronavirus Emerging in China - Key Questions for Impact Assessment.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Munster, Vincent J", "Koopmans, Marion", "van Doremalen, Neeltje", "van Riel, Debby", "de Wit, Emmie"], "date": "2020-01-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31978293", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32009128, "title": "History is repeating itself: Probable zoonotic spillover as the cause of the 2019 novel Coronavirus Epidemic", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Balbin-Ramon, Graciela Josefina", "Rabaan, Ali A", "Sah, Ranjit", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto", "Pagliano, Pasquale", "Esposito, Silvano"], "date": "2020-02-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32009128", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pathogen transmission from a vertebrate animal to a human, also known as zoonotic spillover, represents a global public health burden, which while associated with multiple outbreaks, still remains a poorly understood phenomenon. Coronaviruses, like influenza viruses, circulate in nature in various animal species. Alpha-coronaviruses and beta-coronaviruses can infect mammals and gamma-coronaviruses and delta-coronaviruses tend to infect birds, but some of them can also be transmitted to mammals. Although still preliminary, current data suggest that bats are the most probable initial source of the current 2019 novel CoV (2019nCoV) outbreak, that begun on December 2019 in Wuhan, China, apparently spreading from a \"wet market\" to multiple cities and provinces in China. This epidemic of 2019nCoV, already reaching more than 6,000 cases to-day (end of January 2020) (>90% in China), will not be the last one linked to zoonotic spillover events."}, {"pmid": 32425483, "pmcid": "PMC7233205", "title": "Diabetes mellitus: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Hellenic J Cardiol", "authors": ["Tousoulis, Dimitris"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425483", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525371, "title": "Social and psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in African-American communities: Lessons from Michigan.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Sneed, Rodlescia S", "Key, Kent", "Bailey, Sarah", "Johnson-Lawrence, Vicki"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525371", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are particularly relevant in African-American communities because African-Americans have been disproportionately impacted by the disease, yet they are traditionally less engaged in mental health treatment compared with other racial groups. Using the state of Michigan as an example, we describe the social and psychological consequences of the pandemic on African-American communities in the United States, highlighting community members' concerns about contracting the disease, fears of racial bias in testing and treatment, experiences of sustained grief and loss, and retraumatization of already-traumatized communities. Furthermore, we describe the multilevel, community-wide approaches that have been used thus far to mitigate adverse mental health outcomes within our local African-American communities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32375067, "pmcid": "PMC7182531", "title": "Prediction of the COVID-19 spread in African countries and implications for prevention and control: A case study in South Africa, Egypt, Algeria, Nigeria, Senegal and Kenya.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Zhao, Zebin", "Li, Xin", "Liu, Feng", "Zhu, Gaofeng", "Ma, Chunfeng", "Wang, Liangxu"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375067", "countries": ["South Africa", "Egypt", "Senegal", "China", "Kenya", "Algeria", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) is globally spreading and the international cooperation is urgently required in joint prevention and control of the epidemic. Using the Maximum-Hasting (MH) parameter estimation method and the modified Susceptible Exposed Infectious Recovered (SEIR) model, the spread of the epidemic under three intervention scenarios (suppression, mitigation, mildness) is simulated and predicted in South Africa, Egypt, and Algeria, where the epidemic situations are severe. The studies are also conducted in Nigeria, Senegal and Kenya, where the epidemic situations are growing rapidly and the socio-economic are relatively under-developed, resulting in more difficulties in preventing the epidemic. Results indicated that the epidemic can be basically controlled in late April with strict control of scenario one, manifested by the circumstance in the South Africa and Senegal. Under moderate control of scenario two, the number of infected people will increase by 1.43-1.55 times of that in scenario one, the date of the epidemic being controlled will be delayed by about 10\u00a0days, and Algeria, Nigeria, and Kenya are in accordance with this situation. In the third scenario of weak control, the epidemic will be controlled by late May, the total number of infected cases will double that in scenario two, and Egypt is in line with this prediction. In the end, a series of epidemic controlling methods are proposed, including patient quarantine, close contact tracing, population movement control, government intervention, city and county epidemic risk level classification, and medical cooperation and the Chinese assistance."}, {"pmid": 32212930, "title": "COVID-19, Risk, Fear, and Fall-out.", "journal": "Med Anthropol", "authors": ["Manderson, Lenore", "Levine, Susan"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212930", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408917, "pmcid": "PMC7253766", "title": "Why people failed to adhere to COVID-19 preventive behaviors? Perspectives from an integrated behavior change model.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chan, Derwin K C", "Zhang, Chun-Qing", "Weman-Josefsson, Karin"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408917", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510878, "title": "Psychosis and Infodemic Isolation Resulting in First Inpatient Hospitalization During the COVID-19 Pandemic A Case Series.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Shanbour, Alaa", "Khalid, Zaira", "Fana, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510878", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317305, "title": "Covid-19: increasing demand for dialysis sparks fears of supply shortage.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317305", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434094, "pmcid": "PMC7214322", "title": "Adapting mental health care after the COVID-19 outbreak: Preliminary findings from a public general hospital in Madrid (Spain).", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Mediavilla, Roberto", "Fernandez-Jimenez, Eduardo", "Rodriguez-Vega, Beatriz", "Gotor-Martinez, Laura", "Rivelles-Sevilla, Rafael Victor", "Rojano-Capilla, Pilar", "Bravo-Ortiz, Maria-Fe"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434094", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504944, "pmcid": "PMC7261076", "title": "Implementation of rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigenic testing in a laboratory without access to molecular methods: Experiences of a general hospital.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Blairon, Laurent", "Wilmet, Alain", "Beukinga, Ingrid", "Tre-Hardy, Marie"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504944", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 Ag (Antigen) Respi-Strip assay is a new immunochromatographic diagnostic tool recently available for antigenic diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. The proposed sensitivity is not higher than 60 %, but its high specificity allows both quick decisions for the management of patients and confirmation by molecular diagnosis for only negative tests. However, from the first tests performed, we suspected that the sensitivity observed with routine use was much lower than that announced by the manufacturer. Over a period of one month, we compared the negative results obtained with the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip kit with those obtained from qRT-PCR performed in a laboratory qualified for the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. All samples tested were naso-pharyngeal smears from UTM-RT medium. Of 774 patients tested, 714 negative samples were sent for confirmation, and 159 were found to be positive by qRT-PCR. The median positive percentage agreement was 23.9 % (95 % CI: 14.2 %-38.2 %). The Cohen's kappa score was 0.35. Using this immunochromatographic assay as a triage test did not significantly reduce the number of samples outsourced for COVID-19 confirmation by qRT-PCR. In addition, even if the turn-around time is short, the assay is completely manual, which is not suitable for large volumes of routine samples. The sensitivity of this rapid test is poor, and improvements are needed to enhance its performance."}, {"pmid": 32334056, "pmcid": "PMC7175895", "title": "Teledermatology in the wake of COVID-19: Advantages and challenges to continued care in a time of disarray.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Gupta, Rohit", "Ibraheim, Marina K", "Doan, Hung Q"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334056", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271609, "title": "COVID-19 Exposes the Cracks in Our Already Fragile Mental Health System.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Auerbach, John", "Miller, Benjamin F"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271609", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic has caused enormous concern among many people. Every morning, we are met with an increasing deluge of dire news about the most recent number of people to contract COVID-19 and to die from it, decreases in the stock market, and countries implementing broad travel restrictions and stay-at-home orders.1,2 The current state of affairs is having a negative effect on the mental well-being of our country's residents. It also highlights the policy gaps in our current system that inhibit the vital conditions for well-being and resiliency.3 Although the primary focus has rightfully been on stopping the spread of COVID-19, we should also quickly prepare to address the mental toll the pandemic is taking on individuals and communities across the country. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 21, 2020: e1-e2. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305699)."}, {"pmid": 32473179, "pmcid": "PMC7251398", "title": "Evidence for decontamination of single-use filtering facepiece respirators.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Polkinghorne, A", "Branley, J"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473179", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Single-use filtering face respirators (FFRs) are critical pieces of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers treating patients with suspected upper respiratory tract pathogens. Experiences during pandemics in the 2000s, as well as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-2-CoV2, have highlighted concerns over the pressures that sustained respiratory virus pandemics may have on supplies of FFRs globally. Decontamination of FFRs has been posited as one solution to support the re-use of FFRs with a growing body of literature over the last 10+ years beginning to examine both the efficacy of disinfection of contaminated FFRs but also the impact of the decontamination process on the FFR's performance. Physical and chemical methods of decontamination have been tested for treatment of FFRs with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, sterilization by steam, ethylene oxide and vaporous hydrogen peroxide, demonstrating the most promising results thus far. Many of these methods utilize existing equipment that may already be available in hospitals and could be re-purposed for FFR decontamination. Importantly, some methods may also be replicated on household equipment, broadening the utility of FFR decontamination across a range of healthcare settings. Utilizing techniques to experimentally contaminate FFRs with a range of microorganisms, most decontamination methods appear to reduce the risk of the mask as a source of infection to the wearer and others to negligible levels. The performance of the filter, especially the efficiency of particle penetration following treatment, varied greatly depending on the processing method as well as the model of the filter itself, however. Urgent regulatory body-supported research is required to endorse the routine decontamination of FFRs. In emergency settings, these methods should nevertheless be carefully considered as one strategy to address potential shortfalls in supplies of FFRs for healthcare workers."}, {"pmid": 32493767, "title": "Should governments continue lockdown to slow the spread of covid-19?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Melnick, Edward R", "Ioannidis, John P A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493767", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233876, "title": "The Role of Emergency Radiology in COVID-19: From Preparedness to Diagnosis.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Nasir, Muhammad Umer", "Roberts, James", "Muller, Nestor L", "Macri, Francesco", "Mohammed, Mohammed F", "Akhlaghpoor, Shahram", "Parker, William", "Eftekhari, Arash", "Rezaei, Susan", "Mayo, John", "Nicolaou, Savvas"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233876", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergency trauma radiology, although a relatively new subspecialty of radiology, plays a critical role in both the diagnosis/triage of acutely ill patients, but even more important in providing leadership and taking the lead in the preparedness of imaging departments in dealing with novel highly infectious communicable diseases and mass casualties. This has become even more apparent in dealing with COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, first emerged in late 2019. We review the symptoms, epidemiology, and testing for this disease. We discuss characteristic imaging findings of COVID-19 in relation to other modern coronavirus diseases including SARS and MERS. We discuss roles that community radiology clinics, outpatient radiology departments, and emergency radiology departments can play in the diagnosis of this disease. We review practical methods to reduce spread of infections within radiology departments."}, {"pmid": 32449043, "pmcid": "PMC7245996", "title": "Changes of clinical activities in an orthopaedic institute in North Italy during the spread of COVID-19 pandemic: a seven-week observational analysis.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Zagra, Luigi", "Faraldi, Martina", "Pregliasco, Fabrizio", "Vinci, Anna", "Lombardi, Giovanni", "Ottaiano, Immacolata", "Accetta, Riccardo", "Perazzo, Paolo", "D'Apolito, Rocco"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449043", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is importantly affecting the orthopaedic practice all over the world with Northern Italy being the first European area that faced the worst scenario. In this study, the changes in clinical practice occurred in an orthopaedic center in Milan are described. Number and type of admissions, outpatients cancelled and preserved, emergency room, and intensive care unit activities have been analyzed in the timeframe of seven weeks since the beginning of the pandemic (from February 24th to April 10th) and compared with the same period in 2019. The planned surgical admissions declined from 2172 in 2019 to 664 in 2020 (69.42%, p\u2009<\u20090.0001), while emergencies increased from 158 to 268 (69.62%). The rehabilitation admissions declined from 414 to 69 (83.33%). The overall admission decreased by 63.52%, the trend showed a drop in the last weeks. Surgery performed in the COVID-19 operating room increased by 16.7% in the last week. Seven deaths occurred (0.7% of all orthopaedics and trauma admissions) compared with four (0.1%) which happened in the same period in 2019 (p\u2009=\u20090.004). Six of these patients were suffering from COVID-19. A total of 23,580 outpatients (93.8%) were cancelled. Emergency room consultations declined by 68.14% and 63.47% among white and green priority, respectively, while increased by 25% and 100% among yellow and red, respectively. These numbers show the radical changed scenario in an orthopaedic center in Milan during COVID-19 pandemic. Elective surgery declined rapidly going close to zero, outpatient admissions were restricted to cases that cannot be postponed, while emergencies increased due to the role played by the hospital as referral orthopaedic centre during the pandemic. The still ongoing emergency will have important impacts on the overall orthopaedic healthcare management for the next months."}, {"pmid": 32404302, "title": "EAPCI Position Statement on Invasive Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "EuroIntervention", "authors": ["Chieffo, Alaide", "Stefanini, Giulio G", "Price, Susanna", "Barbato, Emanuele", "Tarantini, Giuseppe", "Karam, Nicole", "Moreno, Raul", "Buchanan, Gill Louise", "Gilard, Martine", "Halvorsen, Sigrun", "Huber, Kurt", "James, Stefan", "Neumann, Franz-Josef", "Mollmann, Helge", "Roffi, Marco", "Tavazzi, Guido", "Ferre, Josepa Mauri", "Windecker, Stephan", "Dudek, Dariusz", "Baumbach, Andreas"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404302", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses an unprecedented challenge to healthcare worldwide. The infection can be life threatening and require intensive care treatment. The transmission of the disease poses a risk to both patients and healthcare workers. The number of patients requiring hospital admission and intensive care may overwhelm health systems and negatively affect standard care for patients presenting with conditions needing emergency interventions. This position statements aims to assist cardiologists in the invasive management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To that end, we assembled a panel of interventional cardiologists and acute cardiac care specialists appointed by the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and from the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association (ACVC) and included the experience from the first and worst affected areas in Europe. Modified diagnostic and treatment algorithms are proposed to adapt evidence-based protocols for this unprecedented challenge. Various clinical scenarios, as well as management algorithms for patients with a diagnosed or suspected COVID-19 infection, presenting with ST- and non-ST-segment elevation ACS are described. In addition, we address the need for re-organization of ACS networks, with redistribution of hub and spoke hospitals, as well as for in-hospital reorganization of emergency rooms and cardiac units, with examples coming from multiple European countries. Furthermore, we provide a guidance to reorganization of catheterization laboratories and, importantly, measures for protection of healthcare providers involved with invasive procedures."}, {"pmid": 32410823, "pmcid": "PMC7221363", "title": "Covid19 pandemic; A practicing head and neck surgeon's perspective of an institutional model.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Varghese, Bipin T"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410823", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31999307, "title": "The Novel Coronavirus Originating in Wuhan, China: Challenges for Global Health Governance.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Phelan, Alexandra L", "Katz, Rebecca", "Gostin, Lawrence O"], "date": "2020-01-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31999307", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32147378, "pmcid": "PMC7127327", "title": "COVID-19 and Blood Safety: Help with a Dilemma.", "journal": "Transfus Med Rev", "authors": ["Dodd, Roger Y", "Stramer, Susan L"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147378", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500509, "pmcid": "PMC7270744", "title": "Chest CT features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: key points for radiologists.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Carotti, Marina", "Salaffi, Fausto", "Sarzi-Puttini, Piercarlo", "Agostini, Andrea", "Borgheresi, Alessandra", "Minorati, Davide", "Galli, Massimo", "Marotto, Daniela", "Giovagnoni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500509", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an emerging infection caused by a novel coronavirus that is moving so rapidly that on 30 January 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and on 11 March 2020 as a pandemic. An early diagnosis of COVID-19 is crucial for disease treatment and control of the disease spread. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated a low sensibility; therefore chest computed tomography (CT) plays a pivotal role not only in the early detection and diagnosis, especially for false negative RT-PCR tests, but also in monitoring the clinical course and in evaluating the disease severity. This paper reports the CT findings with some hints on the temporal changes over the course of the disease: the CT hallmarks of COVID-19 are bilateral distribution of ground glass opacities with or without consolidation in the posterior and peripheral lung, but the predominant findings in later phases include consolidations, linear opacities, \"crazy-paving\" pattern, \"reversed halo\" sign and vascular enlargement. The CT findings of COVID-19 overlap with the CT findings of other diseases, in particular the viral pneumonia including influenza viruses, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, etc. There are differences as well as similarities in the CT features of COVID-19 compared with those of the severe acute respiratory syndrome. The aim of this article is to review the typical and atypical CT findings in COVID-19 patients in order to help radiologists and clinicians to become more familiar with the disease."}, {"pmid": 32322128, "pmcid": "PMC7175845", "title": "Management of CO2 absorbent while using the anesthesia machine as a mechanical ventilator on patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Braz J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Torres, Marcelo Luis Abramides", "Canhisares, Fernando Augusto Tavares", "Quintao, Vinicius Caldeira"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322128", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265204, "title": "The doctors navigating covid-19 with no internet.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Changoiwala, Puja"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265204", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239784, "title": "Older people and COVID-19: Isolation, risk and ageism.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Brooke, Joanne", "Jackson, Debra"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239784", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320272, "title": "Pandemic Pandemonium: Pausing Clinical Research During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Byrd, James Brian", "Bello, Natalie", "Meyer, Michelle N"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320272", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293083, "pmcid": "PMC7262115", "title": "Pulmonary thrombosis in 2019-nCoV pneumonia?", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Marongiu, Francesco", "Grandone, Elvira", "Barcellona, Doris"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293083", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366610, "title": "The Ethics of Creating a Resource Allocation Strategy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Laventhal, Naomi", "Basak, Ratna", "Dell, Mary Lynn", "Diekema, Douglas", "Elster, Nanette", "Geis, Gina", "Mercurio, Mark", "Opel, Douglas", "Shalowitz, David", "Statter, Mindy", "Macauley, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366610", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469225, "title": "COVID-19 and the immune system.", "journal": "Physiol Res", "authors": ["Paces, J", "Strizova, Z", "Smrz, D", "Cerny, J"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469225", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A close interaction between the virus SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system of an individual results in a diverse clinical manifestation of the COVID-19 disease. While adaptive immune responses are essential for SARS-CoV-2 virus clearance, the innate immune cells, such as macrophages, may contribute, in some cases, to the disease progression. Macrophages have shown a significant production of IL-6 suggesting they may contribute to the excessive inflammation in COVID-19 disease. Macrophage Activation Syndrome may further explain the high serum levels of CRP, which are normally lacking in viral infections. In adaptive immune responses, it has been revealed that cytotoxic CD8+ T cells exhibit functional exhaustion patterns, such as the expression of NKG2A, PD-1, and TIM-3. Since SARS-CoV-2 restrains antigen presentation by downregulating MHC class I and II molecules and, therefore, inhibits the T cell-mediated immune responses, humoral immune responses also play a substantial role. Specific IgA response appears to be stronger and more persistent than IgM response. Moreover, IgM and IgG antibodies show similar dynamics in COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32403153, "title": "[COVID-19 associated pneumonia despite repeatedly negative PCR-analysis from oropharyngeal swabs].", "journal": "Dtsch Med Wochenschr", "authors": ["Hornuss, Daniel", "Laubner, Katharina", "Monasterio, Carmen", "Thimme, Robert", "Wagner, Dirk"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403153", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2002A 46-year old construction worker presented at the emergency department with two orthostatic syncopes. The patient complained of prolonged fever and coughs for 7 days which had not improved after oral treatment with sultamicillin for 5 days, prescribed by the patient's general practitioner. Physical examination showed high blood pressure due to previously known hypertension. Other vital signs without pathological findings. Pulmonary auscultation showed basal soft crackling noises of the left lung FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSIS: \u2002Laboratory examination showed increased values for LDH, pro-BNP and CRP and normal values for leucocytes and procalcitonin. Conventional X-Ray of the chest showed bipulmonal lateral atypical infiltrates. After the first PCR turned in negative another PCR-analysis for SARS-CoV-2 of a deep oral swab-sample was performed since the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings were typical for COVID-19. Again, SARS-CoV-2-RNA was not detected. A CT-scan of the chest showed bipulmonal lateral ground-glass attenuation, again typical for COVID-19 associated pneumonia. After a third attempt for a PCR-analysis of a deep oral swab-sample was negative, analysis of a sputum was performed which finally confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19 associated pneumonia. \u2002The patient was admitted for evaluation of syncopes and suspect of COVID-19 associated pneumonia. The patient was prophylactically isolated while the result of SARS-CoV-2-PCR from a deep oral swab was pending. Suspecting a possible secondary bacterial infection at the beginning, intravenous antibiotic treatment with ampicillin/sulbactam was initiated. While further examinations showed no indication for bacterial infection, antibiotics were discontinued after 3 days. Due to clinical recovery antiviral therapy was not performed after confirming the diagnosis. The patient was discharged 17 days after onset of first symptoms without any requirements for further isolation. \u2002This casuistic describes a case of COVID-19 associated pneumonia presenting with typical clinical features, laboratory and radiological findings. Detection of viral RNA was not successful from deep oral swab-samples despite repeated attempts. Finally, PCR-analysis of sputum confirmed the diagnosis. Analysis of deeper airway samples (sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheal secretions) or stool for SARS-CoV-2 should be performed in cases of evident clinical suspicion of COVID-19 and negative PCR results from deep oral swabs."}, {"pmid": 32513045, "title": "Patient-Worn Enhanced Protection Face Shield for Flexible Endoscopy.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Anon, Jack B", "Denne, Carter", "Rees, Darcy"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513045", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The primary objective of this study was to compare the protection afforded by a standard face shield design with a new enhanced design in a controlled setting. This study was exempted from review by institutional review board waiver. A flexible fiberoptic endoscopy was placed through stellate openings in the standard face shield and the enhanced face shield. A series of simulated coughs were created with bursts of fluorescein dye through an atomizer tip placed within the test participant's mouth. Ultraviolet lighting illuminated the test area, and areas of dye splatter were noted. Fluorescein dye is easily aerosolized along the lateral inferior aspect of a standard shield with significant contamination of the surrounds. The enhanced face shield maintained a barrier to the aerosolized dye. Face shields, rather than face masks, should be considered a preferred alternative for the public and for health care professionals alike, as they address many of the personal protective equipment concerns especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Otolaryngologists are at high risk from aerosol-generating procedures, such as flexible fiberoptic endoscopy, even when wearing personal protective equipment. Here we describe a uniquely designed face shield to be worn by the patient as another layer of protection for the environment and for medical personnel. During the course of a flexible fiberoptic endoscopy, medical personnel are safely isolated from potential infectious particles with a newly designed face shield."}, {"pmid": 32365556, "title": "Pharmacological (or Synthetic) and Nutritional Agonists of PPAR-gamma as Candidates for Cytokine Storm Modulation in COVID-19 Disease.", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Ciavarella, Carmen", "Motta, Ilenia", "Valente, Sabrina", "Pasquinelli, Gianandrea"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365556", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The cytokine storm is an abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines, due to the over-activation of the innate immune response. This mechanism has been recognized as a critical mediator of influenza-induced lung disease, and it could be pivotal for COVID-19 infections. Thus, an immunomodulatory approach targeting the over-production of cytokines could be proposed for viral aggressive pulmonary disease treatment. In this regard, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-\u03b3, a member of the PPAR transcription factor family, could represent a potential target. Beside the well-known regulatory role on lipid and glucose metabolism, PPAR-\u03b3 also represses the inflammatory process. Similarly, the PPAR-\u03b3 agonist thiazolidinediones (TZDs), like pioglitazone, are anti-inflammatory drugs with ameliorating effects on severe viral pneumonia. In addition to the pharmacological agonists, also nutritional ligands of PPAR-\u03b3, like curcuma, lemongrass, and pomegranate, possess anti-inflammatory properties through PPAR-\u03b3 activation. Here, we review the main synthetic and nutritional PPAR-\u03b3 ligands, proposing a dual approach based on the strengthening of the immune system using pharmacological and dietary strategies as an attempt to prevent/treat cytokine storm in the case of coronavirus infection."}, {"pmid": 32373650, "pmcid": "PMC7197302", "title": "Movement Disorders in the World of COVID-19.", "journal": "Mov Disord Clin Pract", "authors": ["Stoessl, A Jon", "Bhatia, Kailash P", "Merello, Marcelo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373650", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467020, "pmcid": "PMC7239000", "title": "Acute inflammation and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Cannabidiol as a potential anti-inflammatory treatment?", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Costiniuk, Cecilia T", "Jenabian, Mohammad-Ali"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467020", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492407, "pmcid": "PMC7250787", "title": "Pandemic Preparedness: Developing Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies For COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Sempowski, Gregory D", "Saunders, Kevin O", "Acharya, Priyamvada", "Wiehe, Kevin J", "Haynes, Barton F"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492407", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic that causes COVID-19 respiratory syndrome has caused global public health and economic crises, necessitating rapid development of vaccines and therapeutic countermeasures. The world-wide response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been unprecedented with government, academic, and private partnerships working together to rapidly develop vaccine and antibody countermeasures. Many of the technologies being used are derived from prior government-academic partnerships for response to other emerging infections."}, {"pmid": 32417246, "pmcid": "PMC7224674", "title": "Evaluation of COVID-19 epidemic outbreak caused by temporal contact-increase in South Korea.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kim, Sungchan", "Jeong, Yong Dam", "Byun, Jong Hyuk", "Cho, Giphil", "Park, Anna", "Jung, Jae Hun", "Roh, Yunil", "Choi, Sooyoun", "Muhammad, Ibrahim Malik", "Jung, Il Hyo"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417246", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 15, 2020, 61.3% of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection in South Korea are associated with the worship service that was organized on February 9 in the Shincheonji Church of Jesus in Daegu. We aim to evaluate the effects of mass infection in South Korea and assess the preventive control intervention. Using openly available data of daily cumulative confirmed cases and deaths, the basic and effective reproduction numbers was estimated using a modified susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-type epidemic model. The basic reproduction number was estimated to be \u2009R0=1.77. The effective reproduction number increased approximately 20 times after the mass infections from the 31 st patient, which was confirmed on February 9 in the Shincheonji Church of Jesus, Daegu. However, the effective reproduction number decreased to less than unity after February 28 owing to the implementation of high-level preventive control interventions in South Korea, coupled with voluntary prevention actions by citizens. Preventive action and control intervention were successfully established in South Korea."}, {"pmid": 32235155, "pmcid": "PMC7176271", "title": "Setup of a Dedicated Coronavirus Intensive Care Unit: Logistical Aspects.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Mojoli, Francesco", "Mongodi, Silvia", "Grugnetti, Giuseppina", "Muzzi, Alba", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Triarico, Antonio", "Antonio Iotti, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235155", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450087, "pmcid": "PMC7243787", "title": "ACE2, TMPRSS2, and furin gene expression in the airways of people with asthma-implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Bradding, Peter", "Richardson, Matthew", "Hinks, Timothy S C", "Howarth, Peter H", "Choy, David F", "Arron, Joseph R", "Wenzel, Sally E", "Siddiqui, Salman"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450087", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504745, "pmcid": "PMC7270786", "title": "High SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence among Healthcare Workers Exposed to COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Yuxin", "Tong, Xin", "Wang, Jian", "Huang, Weijin", "Yin, Shengxia", "Huang, Rui", "Yang, Hailong", "Chen, Yong", "Huang, Aijun", "Liu, Yong", "Chen, Yan", "Yuan, Ling", "Yan, Xiaomin", "Shen, Han", "Wu, Chao"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504745", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was examined among 105 healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to four patients who were laboratory confirmed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. These HCWs were immediately under quarantine for 14 days as soon as they were identified as close contacts. The nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected on the first and 14th day of the quarantine, while the serum samples were obtained on the 14th day of the quarantine. With the assay of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and microneutralization assay, 17.14% (18/105) of HCWs were seropositive, while their swab samples were found to be SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative. Risk analysis revealed that wearing face mask could reduce the infection risk (odds ratio [OR], 0.127, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.017, 0.968), while when exposed to COVID-19 patients, doctors might have higher risk of seroconversion (OR, 346.837, 95% CI 8.924, 13479.434), compared with HCWs exposed to colleagues as well as nurses and general service assistants who exposed to patients. Our study revealed that the serological testing is useful for the identification of asymptomatic or subclinical infection of SARS-CoV-2 among close contacts with COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32337139, "pmcid": "PMC7182165", "title": "Searching an Effective Therapy for the Coronavirus Pandemic: Do We See Light at the End of the Tunnel?", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Sharma, Munish", "Surani, Salim"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337139", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). First reported at the end of December 2019 as a cause for clusters of pneumonia cases in\u00a0Wuhan city in China, the rapid spread of this condition was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization (WHO). Apart from the mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-19, the massive social and financial havoc inflicted by this pandemic has left the entire world pondering if\u00a0medical science can innovate and curtail the ongoing damage due to SARS-CoV-2. Recent findings of an open-label study that investigated the use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in COVID-19 patients in Marseille, France, has garnered some optimism in scientific quarters and the general public alike in terms of finding a treatment regimen to control the rampant rise of COVID-19. We will discuss the potential off-label therapy and studies as it pertains to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32314264, "pmcid": "PMC7170027", "title": "Safe(r) transesophageal echocardiography and COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Bracco, David"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314264", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372802, "pmcid": "PMC7194623", "title": "How do we leave lockdown?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Lawton, Graham"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372802", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With more than a third of the world living under covid-19 restrictions, it is time to decide what happens next, reports Graham Lawton."}, {"pmid": 32530883, "title": "Management of patients with melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers in the coronavirus disease 2019 era.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Conforti, Claudio", "di Meo, Nicola", "Giuffrida, Roberta", "Zalaudek, Iris"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530883", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420924, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on census, organization and activity of a large urban Emergency Department.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Comelli, Ivan", "Scioscioli, Francesco", "Cervellin, Gianfranco"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420924", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is overwhelming the response of many regional health services across Italy. This article aims to report and discuss the data of the first 8 weeks of COVID-19 epidemic in the emergency department (ED) of the University Hospital of Parma. The ED visits were analyzed as follows: total ED visits, divided in COVID-19/ non-COVID-19 cases, and in trauma-related/non-trauma-related cases; outcome (i.e., discharged, admitted, dead in the ED) of patients, altogether or stratified according to triage class; age classes of the entire ED population. Total ED visits decreased starting from the first days of the outbreak, then exhibiting progressive growth afterwards. COVID suspected cases rapidly increased, whereas non-COVID suspected dropped and remained well below the standard. Trauma-related cases declined, both as ED visits and as hospital admissions. The percentage and absolute number of patients admitted to hospital wards progressively increased, rapidly overwhelming the number of cases that could be discharged. The admission rate in the lowest priority classes also displayed a marked increase. The youngest age classes dramatically declined, whilst the oldest progressively increased, remaining considerably over the standard rate of the local ED. The COVID-19 pandemic has obliged the health care systems to undergo a paradigm shift. Even triage criteria have partially lost their meaning, as shown by the dramatic increase of hospital admissions, even in the lowest priority classes. A deep re-organizational process of the ED was undertaken. Hospitals must be constantly resilient and prepared to these new emergencies in terms of equipment, medical and nurses staff, larger bed capacity in short time, availability of intensive and sub-intensive beds, and flexibility."}, {"pmid": 32302418, "pmcid": "PMC7264547", "title": "Secure communication conduits during COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Black, S M", "Ali, F R"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302418", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199864, "pmcid": "PMC7129773", "title": "Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in newborns, infants and children.", "journal": "Pediatr Neonatol", "authors": ["Hong, Hao", "Wang, Yuan", "Chung, Hung-Tao", "Chen, Chih-Jung"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199864", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217082, "pmcid": "PMC7146661", "title": "COVID-19 and Dialysis Units: What Do We Know Now and What Should We Do?", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Ikizler, T Alp"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217082", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473078, "title": "Impact of Covid 19 pandemic on obsessive compulsive and related disorder patients- Psychodermatological perspectives.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Hafi, Bishurul", "Uvais, N A", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Afra, T P", "Muhammed Razmi, T"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473078", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493726, "title": "COVID-19 in rheumatology outpatient clinics: Dutch mirror image to Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Benoy, Sophie", "Traksel, Rene", "Verhaegh, Peter", "Broen, Jasper"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493726", "countries": ["Italy", "Netherlands"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417566, "pmcid": "PMC7211713", "title": "Patients with COVID-19: are current isolation guidelines effective enough?", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Patel, K P", "Patel, P A", "Vunnam, S R", "Jain, R", "Vunnam, R R"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417566", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275257, "title": "Clinical manifestation, diagnosis, prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) during the outbreak period.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Ozma, Mahdi Asghari", "Maroufi, Parham", "Khodadadi, Ehsaneh", "Kose, Sukran", "Esposito, Isabella", "Ganbarov, Khudaverdi", "Dao, Sounkalo", "Esposito, Silvano", "Dal, Tuba", "Zeinalzadeh, Elham", "Kafil, Hossein Samadi"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275257", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19), spreading from Wuhan, China, is one of the causes of respiratory infections that can spread to other people through respiratory particles, and can cause symptoms such as fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, anorexia, fatigue and sore throat in infected patients. This review summarizes current strategies on the diagnosis. Additionally, treatments, infection prevention and control of the SARS-CoV-2 are addressed. In addition to the respiratory system, this virus can infect the digestive system, the urinary system and the haematological system, which causes to observe the virus in the stool, urine and blood samples in addition to throat sample. The SARS-CoV-2 causes changes in blood cells and factors and makes lung abnormalities in patients, which can be detected by serological, molecular, and radiological techniques by detecting these changes and injuries. Radiological and serological methods are the most preferred among the other methods and the radiological method is the most preferred one which can diagnose the infection quickly and accurately with fewer false-negatives, that can be effective in protecting the patient's life by initiating treatment and preventing the transmission of infection to other people."}, {"pmid": 32460369, "pmcid": "PMC7267090", "title": "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in management of COVID-19; a systematic review on current evidence.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Yousefifard, Mahmoud", "Zali, Alireza", "Zarghi, Afshin", "Madani Neishaboori, Arian", "Hosseini, Mostafa", "Safari, Saeed"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460369", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since there is still no definitive conclusion regarding which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are most effective and safe in viral respiratory infections, we decided to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various NSAIDs in viral respiratory infections so that we can reach a conclusion on which NSAID is best choice for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A search was performed in Medline (via PubMed), Embase and CENTRAL databases until 23 March 2020. Clinical trials on application of NSAIDs in viral respiratory infections were included. Six clinical trials were included. No clinical trial has been performed on COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome infections. Studies show that ibuprofen and naproxen not only have positive effects in controlling cold symptoms, but also do not cause serious side effects in rhinovirus infections. In addition, it was found that clarithromycin, naproxen and oseltamivir combination leads to decrease in mortality rate and duration of hospitalisation in patients with pneumonia caused by influenza. Although based on existing evidence, NSAIDs have been effective in treating respiratory infections caused by influenza and rhinovirus, since there is no clinical trial on COVID-19 and case-reports and clinical experiences are indicative of elongation of treatment duration and exacerbation of the clinical course of patients with COVID-19, it is recommended to use substitutes such as acetaminophen for controlling fever and inflammation and be cautious about using NSAIDs in management of COVID-19 patients until there are enough evidence. Naproxen may be a good choice for future clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32328337, "pmcid": "PMC7177117", "title": "Interpretation of the 7th edition of the \"diagnosis and treatment guidelines of coronavirus disease 2019 in China\": Progress and challenges.", "journal": "Chronic Dis Transl Med", "authors": ["Xie, Li-Xin"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328337", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333199, "pmcid": "PMC7182393", "title": "Coronavirus in Hematologic Malignancies: Targeting Molecules Beyond the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Wall in COVID-19.", "journal": "Pathol Oncol Res", "authors": ["Tsiambas, Evangelos", "Papanikolaou, Vasileios", "Chrysovergis, Aristeidis", "Mastronikolis, Nicholas", "Ragos, Vasileios", "Kavantzas, Nikolaos", "Lazaris, Andreas C", "Kyrodimos, Efthymios"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333199", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346491, "pmcid": "PMC7185795", "title": "Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19: An Open-Label Control Study.", "journal": "Engineering (Beijing)", "authors": ["Cai, Qingxian", "Yang, Minghui", "Liu, Dongjing", "Chen, Jun", "Shu, Dan", "Xia, Junxia", "Liao, Xuejiao", "Gu, Yuanbo", "Cai, Qiue", "Yang, Yang", "Shen, Chenguang", "Li, Xiaohe", "Peng, Ling", "Huang, Deliang", "Zhang, Jing", "Zhang, Shurong", "Wang, Fuxiang", "Liu, Jiaye", "Chen, Li", "Chen, Shuyan", "Wang, Zhaoqin", "Zhang, Zheng", "Cao, Ruiyuan", "Zhong, Wu", "Liu, Yingxia", "Liu, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346491", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported in China since December 2019. More than 16% of patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the fatality ratio was about 1%-2%. No specific treatment has been reported. Herein, we examine the effects of Favipiravir (FPV) versus Lopinavir (LPV)/ritonavir (RTV) for the treatment of COVID-19. Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who received oral FPV (Day 1: 1600\u00a0mg twice daily; Days 2-14: 600\u00a0mg twice daily) plus interferon (IFN)-\u03b1 by aerosol inhalation (5 million U twice daily) were included in the FPV arm of this study, whereas patients who were treated with LPV/RTV (Days 1-14: 400\u00a0mg/100\u00a0mg twice daily) plus IFN-\u03b1 by aerosol inhalation (5 million U twice daily) were included in the control arm. Changes in chest computed tomography (CT), viral clearance, and drug safety were compared between the two groups. For the 35 patients enrolled in the FPV arm and the 45 patients in the control arm, all baseline characteristics were comparable between the two arms. A shorter viral clearance time was found for the FPV arm versus the control arm (median (interquartile range, IQR), 4 (2.5-9) d versus 11 (8-13) d, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). The FPV arm also showed significant improvement in chest imaging compared with the control arm, with an improvement rate of 91.43% versus 62.22% (P\u00a0=\u00a00.004). After adjustment for potential confounders, the FPV arm also showed a significantly higher improvement rate in chest imaging. Multivariable Cox regression showed that FPV was independently associated with faster viral clearance. In addition, fewer adverse reactions were found in the FPV arm than in the control arm. In this open-label nonrandomized control study, FPV showed significantly better treatment effects on COVID-19 in terms of disease progression and viral clearance; if causal, these results should be important information for establishing standard treatment guidelines to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32518768, "pmcid": "PMC7262715", "title": "Needs and concerns of patients in isolation care units - learnings from COVID-19: A reflection.", "journal": "World J Clin Cases", "authors": ["Fan, Peijin Esther Monica", "Aloweni, Fazila", "Lim, Shu Hui", "Ang, Shin Yuh", "Perera, Karen", "Quek, Aik Huan", "Quek, Hwee Koon Susan", "Ayre, Tracy Carol"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518768", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With strict measures in place to contain the spread of coronavirus disease 2019, many have been isolated as suspected or confirmed cases. Being isolated causes much inconvenience for the patients and family. Patients' and next-of-kins' needs and concerns during isolation will be shared together with suggestions for key process improvements. Our hospital's Senior Patient Experience Managers contact all patients admitted to the isolation wards on a daily basis to provide some form of support. Common issues raised were gathered and strategies to help with their needs and concerns were discussed. Being in isolation is a challenging period for both patients and family. Nonetheless, we can implement measures to mitigate against the adverse effects of isolation. Patient education, effective and efficient means of communication, close monitoring for signs of distress and anxiety, and early intervention could help patients cope better with the whole isolation experience. Nursing management may want to consider implementing the measures shared in the article to manage patient's stress while not compromising on staff safety."}, {"pmid": 32525765, "title": "Genetic cluster analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and the identification of those responsible for the major outbreaks in various countries.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Yang, Xuemei", "Dong, Ning", "Chan, Edward Wai-Chi", "Chen, Sheng"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525765", "countries": ["United States", "Korea, Republic of", "China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A newly emerged coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused severe pneumonia outbreaks in China in December 2019 and has since spread to various countries around the world. To trace the evolution route and probe the transmission dynamics of this virus, we performed phylodynamic analysis of 247 high quality genomic sequences available in the GISAID platform as of 5 March 2020. Among them, four genetic clusters, defined as super-spreaders (SSs), could be identified and were found to be responsible for the major outbreaks that subsequently occurred in various countries. SS1 was widely disseminated in Asia and the US, and mainly responsible for outbreaks in the states of Washington and California as well as South Korea, whereas SS4 contributed to the pandemic in Europe. Using the signature mutations of each SS as markers, we further analysed 1539 genome sequences reported after 29 February 2020 and found that 90% of these genomes belonged to SSs, with SS4 being the most dominant. The relative degree of contribution of each SS to the pandemic in different continents was also depicted. Identification of these super-spreaders greatly facilitates development of new strategies to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32212140, "title": "Coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak on the cruise ship Diamond Princess.", "journal": "Int Marit Health", "authors": ["Dahl, Eilif"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Not applicable for Editorials."}, {"pmid": 32275258, "title": "Exploring the genetics, ecology of SARS-COV-2 and climatic factors as possible control strategies against COVID-19", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Abdullahi, Idris Nasir", "Emeribe, Anthony Uchenna", "Mustapha, Jelili Olaide", "Fasogbon, Samuel Ayobami", "Ofor, Igr Bassey", "Opeyemi, Imodoye Sikiru", "Obi-George, Chibueze", "Sunday, Animasaun Olawale", "Nwofe, Justin"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275258", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world has been thrown into pandemonium due to the recent Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Early available clinical data have indicated that geriatric persons cum those with comorbidity such as cardiovascular, metabolic and immunological disorders suffered severe form of COVID-19. All countries and territories of the world are currently exploring available strategies to control the pandemic with the hope to significantly minimize its morbidity and mortality rate. This present study critically reviewed available and latest research progress on the genetics and ecology of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the influence of climatic factors on the spread of COVID-19, and thus, discussed how these concepts could be harnessed for COVID-19 control and further scientific advancements in resolving the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32294808, "title": "The Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA) position statement on COVID-19.", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Bastian, Ivan", "Waring, Lynette"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294808", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For the detection of early COVID-19 disease, RCPA supports the use of molecular tests for SARS-CoV-2 and strongly opposes the introduction of COVID-19 IgG/IgM rapid tests for this purpose."}, {"pmid": 32251732, "pmcid": "PMC7195338", "title": "Perspectives: potential therapeutic options for SARS-CoV-2 patients based on feline infectious peritonitis strategies: central nervous system invasion and drug coverage.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Olsen, Mark", "Cook, Sarah E", "Huang, Vanthida", "Pedersen, Niels", "Murphy, Brian G"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251732", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378963, "title": "Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatr Rehabil J", "authors": ["Resnick, Sandra G", "Roe, David", "Salyers, Michelle P"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378963", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global health crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has brought about previously unimaginable changes to all of health care, including the field of psychiatric rehabilitation. Given these dramatic changes, we pose this editorial to contemplate our mission and how we can best serve the field. We raise questions about how psychiatric rehabilitation will evolve and restate our steadfast commitment to publishing impactful research that shapes the field. We also remain hopeful, knowing psychiatric rehabilitation practitioners, researchers, and participants are pragmatic, persistent, and resilient, and will find opportunities for creativity and innovation even during this difficult time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32513514, "title": "The biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein Pro330-Leu650.", "journal": "Vaccine", "authors": ["Su, Qiu-Dong", "Yi, Yao", "Zou, Ye-Ning", "Jia, Zhi-Yuan", "Qiu, Feng", "Wang, Feng", "Yin, Wen-Jiao", "Zhou, Wen-Ting", "Zhang, Shuang", "Yu, Peng-Cheng", "Bi, Sheng-Li", "Shen, Li-Ping", "Wu, Gui-Zhen"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513514", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 that has been characterized as a pandemic by the WHO. Since the first report of COVID-19 on December 31, 2019, 179,111 cases were confirmed in 160 countries/regions with 7426 deaths as of March 17, 2020. However, there have been no vaccines approved in the world to date. In this study, we analyzed the biological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, Pro330-Leu650 (SARS-CoV-2-SPL), using biostatistical methods. SARS-CoV-2-SPL possesses a receptor-binding region (RBD) and important B (Ser438-Gln506, Thr553-Glu583, Gly404-Aps427, Thr345-Ala352, and Lys529-Lys535) and T (9 CD4 and 11 CD8 T cell antigenic determinants) cell epitopes. High homology in this region between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV amounted to 87.7%, after taking the biological similarity of the amino acids into account and eliminating the receptor-binding motif (RBM). The overall topology indicated that the complete structure of SARS-CoV-2-SPL was with RBM as the head, and RBD as the trunk and the tail region. SARS-CoV-2-SPL was found to have the potential to elicit effective B and T cell responses. Our findings may provide meaningful guidance for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine design."}, {"pmid": 32475243, "title": "COVID-19: new challenges, risks, and the future provision of care in spinal services.", "journal": "Bone Joint J", "authors": ["Minhas, Zulfiqar", "Ganau, Mario", "Thakar, Chrishan", "Reynolds, Jeremy", "Rothenfluh, Dominique", "Bojanic, Stana", "Grannum, Sean", "Chaudhary, Bedansh Roy", "Pyrovolou, Nikolaos", "Sikander, Murtuza", "Bowden, Gavin", "Patel, Umang Jash", "Nnadi, Colin"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324855, "pmcid": "PMC7188161", "title": "COVID-19 transforms health care through telemedicine: evidence from the field.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Mann, Devin M", "Chen, Ji", "Chunara, Rumi", "Testa, Paul A", "Nov, Oded"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324855", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study provides data on the feasibility and impact of video-enabled telemedicine use among patients and providers and its impact on urgent and non-urgent health care delivery from one large health system (NYU Langone Health) at the epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States. Between March 2nd and April 14th 2020, telemedicine visits increased from 369.1 daily to 866.8 daily (135% increase) in urgent care after the system-wide expansion of virtual health visits in response to COVID-19, and from 94.7 daily to 4209.3 (4345% increase) in non-urgent care post expansion. Of all virtual visits post expansion, 56.2% and 17.6% urgent and non-urgent visits, respectively, were COVID-19-related. Telemedicine usage was highest by patients aged 20-44, particularly for urgent care. The COVID-19 pandemic has driven rapid expansion of telemedicine use for urgent care and non-urgent care visits beyond baseline periods. This reflects an important change in telemedicine that other institutions facing the COVID-19 pandemic should anticipate."}, {"pmid": 32208497, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: palliative care for elderly and frail patients at home and in residential and nursing homes.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Kunz, Roland", "Minder, Markus"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208497", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354670, "pmcid": "PMC7142685", "title": "A Brief Review of Lung Ultrasonography in COVID-19: Is It Useful?", "journal": "Ann Emerg Med", "authors": ["Fiala, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354670", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526088, "title": "Technology-based management of neurourology patients in the COVID-19 pandemic: Is this the future? A report from the International Continence Society (ICS) institue.", "journal": "Neurourol Urodyn", "authors": ["Huri, Emre", "Hamid, Rizwan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526088", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly altered our daily life as well as our professional practice. COVID-19 has disrupted our lives both professionally and personally. We know the urological management in a neurogenic patient needs to be tailored to the individual circumstances, this is even more pertinent during these uncertain times. International Continence Society is the premier international organization in functional urology. Lately, it has established an institute to facilitate teaching and training opportunities all over the world. The School of Neurourology teamed with the School of Modern Technology and set up a Webinar-\"How to manage the neuro-urological patients in the current pandemic.\" This was set up as a case-based discussion to deliberate the management of our patients in the present climate and examine the role of modern technology in overcoming the current barriers."}, {"pmid": 32450236, "pmcid": "PMC7242939", "title": "A Phased Approach to Resuming Suspended Allergy/Immunology Clinical Services.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Searing, Daniel A", "Dutmer, Cullen M", "Fleischer, David M", "Shaker, Marcus S", "Oppenheimer, John", "Grayson, Mitchell H", "Stukus, David", "Hartog, Nicholas", "Hsieh, Elena W Y", "Rider, Nicholas L", "Vander Leek, Timothy K", "Kim, Harold", "Chan, Edmond S", "Mack, Doug", "Ellis, Anne K", "Abrams, Elissa M", "Bansal, Priya", "Lang, David M", "Lieberman, Jay", "Golden, David Bk", "Wallace, Dana", "Portnoy, Jay", "Mosnaim, Giselle", "Greenhawt, Matthew"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450236", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early 2020, the first US and Canadian cases of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection were detected. In the ensuing months, there has been rapid spread of the infection. In March 2020, in response to the virus, state/provincial and local governments instituted shelter-in-place orders, and nonessential ambulatory care was significantly curtailed, including allergy/immunology services. With rates of new infections and fatalities potentially reaching a plateau and/or declining, restrictions on provision of routine ambulatory care are lifting, and there is a need to help guide the allergy/immunology clinician on how to reinitiate services. Given the fact that coronavirus disease 2019 will circulate within our communities for months or longer, we present a flexible, algorithmic best-practices planning approach on how to prioritize services, in 4 stratified phases of reopening according to community risk level, as well as highlight key considerations for how to safely do so. The decisions on what services to offer and how fast to proceed are left to the discretion of the individual clinician and practice, operating in accordance with state and local ordinances with respect to the level of nonessential ambulatory care that can be provided. Clear communication with staff and patients before and after all changes should be incorporated into this new paradigm on continual change, given the movement may be forward and even backward through the phases because this is an evolving situation."}, {"pmid": 32238614, "pmcid": "PMC7182737", "title": "Measles Immunization: Worth Considering Containment Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Global Outbreak.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Shanker, Varnit"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238614", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459664, "title": "Prevalence of COVID-19-like symptoms in Italy and Lombardy, March-April 2020, and their implications on cancer prevention, diagnosis and management.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer Prev", "authors": ["Negri, Eva", "Scarpino, Vilma", "La Vecchia, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459664", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Two population-based surveys on coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19)-like symptoms were conducted by BVA-Doxa on representative samples of the general population from Italy and its largest region, Lombardy, with over 10 million inhabitants and heavily struck by Covid-19, on 27-30 March and 3-7 April, on a total of 2000 individuals - 353 from Lombardy. Overall, 14.2% of Italians - and 19.6% in Lombardy - reported Covid-19-like symptoms. The estimated prevalence was higher in the young, in smokers, and in Lombardy over the period 20 March to 7 April. Although the influenza season was ended by mid-March, at least part of the symptoms may be not Covid-19 related. Even assuming that only half are, at least 7% of Italians and 10% in Lombardy had been affected by Covid-19. To these, asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic cases have to be added. These estimates are at least one or two orders of magnitude larger than official registered cases. This has major implications for cancer prevention, management and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32319029, "pmcid": "PMC7172385", "title": "Patient self-proning with high-flow nasal cannula improves oxygenation in COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Slessarev, Marat", "Cheng, Jason", "Ondrejicka, Michaela", "Arntfield, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319029", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253400, "title": "Flavonoids isolated from loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaves inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation induced by cigarette smoke in COPD mice: the role of TRPV1 signaling pathways.", "journal": "Food Funct", "authors": ["Jian, Tunyu", "Chen, Jian", "Ding, Xiaoqin", "Lv, Han", "Li, Jiawei", "Wu, Yuexian", "Ren, Bingru", "Tong, Bei", "Zuo, Yuanyuan", "Su, Kelei", "Li, Weilin"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253400", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, progressive lung disease with few successful treatments, and is strongly associated with cigarette smoking (CS). Since the novel coronavirus has spread worldwide seriously, there is growing concern that patients who have chronic respiratory conditions like COPD can easily be infected and are more prone to having severe illness and even mortality because of lung dysfunction. Loquat leaves have long been used as an important material for both pharmaceutical and functional applications in the treatment of lung disease in Asia, especially in China and Japan. Total flavonoids (TF), the main active components derived from loquat leaves, showed remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, their protective activity against CS-induced COPD airway inflammation and oxidative stress and its underlying mechanism still remain not well-understood. The present study uses a CS-induced mouse model to estimate the morphological changes in lung tissue. The results demonstrated that TF suppressed the histological changes in the lungs of CS-challenged mice, as evidenced by reduced generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1\u03b2, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), nitric oxide (NO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and diminished the protein expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Moreover, TF also inhibited phosphorylation of IKK, I\u03baB and NF\u03baB and increased p-Akt. Interestingly, TF could inhibit CS-induced oxidative stress in the lungs of COPD mice. TF treatment significantly inhibited the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, TF markedly downregulated TRPV1 and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and upregulated the expression of SOD-2, while the p-JNK level was observed to be inhibited in COPD mice. Taken together, our findings showed that the protective effect and putative mechanism of the action of TF resulted in the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress through the regulation of TRPV1 and the related signal pathway in lung tissues. It suggested that TF derived from loquat leaves could be considered to be an alternative or a new functional material and used for the treatment of CS-induced COPD."}, {"pmid": 32527731, "title": "Tackling UK's mortality problem: covid-19 and other causes.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Raleigh, Veena S"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527731", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246890, "title": "Medical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing COVID-19 in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.", "journal": "Influenza Other Respir Viruses", "authors": ["Bartoszko, Jessica J", "Farooqi, Mohammed Abdul Malik", "Alhazzani, Waleed", "Loeb, Mark"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246890", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory protective devices are critical in protecting against infection in healthcare workers at high risk of novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19); however, recommendations are conflicting and epidemiological data on their relative effectiveness against COVID-19 are limited. To compare medical masks to N95 respirators in preventing laboratory-confirmed viral infection and respiratory illness including coronavirus specifically in healthcare workers. MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL from January 1, 2014, to March 9, 2020. Update of published search conducted from January 1, 1990, to December 9, 2014. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the protective effect of medical masks to N95 respirators in healthcare workers. Reviewer pair independently screened, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence. Four RCTs were meta-analyzed adjusting for clustering. Compared with N95 respirators; the use of medical masks did not increase laboratory-confirmed viral (including coronaviruses) respiratory infection (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.90-1.25; I2 \u00a0=\u00a00%; low certainty in the evidence) or clinical respiratory illness (OR 1.49; 95% CI: 0.98-2.28; I2 \u00a0=\u00a078%; very low certainty in the evidence). Only one trial evaluated coronaviruses separately and found no difference between the two groups (P\u00a0=\u00a0.49). Indirectness and imprecision of available evidence. Low certainty evidence suggests that medical masks and N95 respirators offer similar protection against viral respiratory infection including coronavirus in healthcare workers during non-aerosol-generating care. Preservation of N95 respirators for high-risk, aerosol-generating procedures in this pandemic should be considered when in short supply."}, {"pmid": 32430150, "pmcid": "PMC7215190", "title": "Surgical strategies during the COVID-19 crisis: The Salzburg concept.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Presl, J", "Weitzendorfer, M", "Varga, M", "Borhanian, K", "Ciftci, S", "Emmanuel, K", "von Rahden, B H A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430150", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426890, "title": "Practice recommendations for the neurovascular ultrasound investigations of acute stroke patients in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic: an expert consensus from the European Society of Neurosonology and Cerebral Hemodynamics.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Baracchini, C", "Pieroni, A", "Kneihsl, M", "Azevedo, E", "Diomedi, M", "Pascazio, L", "Wojczal, J", "Lucas, C", "Bartels, E", "Bornstein, N M", "Csiba, L", "Valdueza, J", "Tsvigoulis, G", "Malojcic, B"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426890", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the COVID-19 pandemic stormed into the healthcare systems worldwide, protected stroke pathways have been suggested, in order not to spread the viral infection and ensure hyper-acute treatment. Noteworthy, patients with acute ischemic stroke are at high-risk for contracting SARS-CoV-2 virus, particularly the severe form, because COVID-19 and cerebrovascular diseases share common risk factors. Conversely, among patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 respiratory distress, about 5% might suffer a stroke. During the acute stages of the pandemic, thousands of healthcare professionals have already contracted COVID-19 infection, although the actual number is likely to be higher because healthcare workers are not always tested and protection measures at hospitals are not always readily available. This is the setting in which neurovascular ultrasound providers (physicians, sonographers) should expect to be involved in the care of stroke patients."}, {"pmid": 32203672, "pmcid": "PMC7233337", "title": "Ventilatory Ratio in Hypercapnic Mechanically Ventilated Patients with COVID-19-associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Liu, Xiaoqing", "Liu, Xuesong", "Xu, Yonghao", "Xu, Zhiheng", "Huang, Yongbo", "Chen, Sibei", "Li, Shiyue", "Liu, Dongdong", "Lin, Zhimin", "Li, Yimin"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203672", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472676, "title": "Predictors for Severe COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bhargava, Ashish", "Fukushima, Elisa Akagi", "Levine, Miriam", "Zhao, Wei", "Tanveer, Farah", "Szpunar, Susanna M", "Saravolatz, Louis"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472676", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Predictors for severe COVID-19 infection have not been well defined. Determination of risk factors for severe infection would enable identifying patients who may benefit from aggressive supportive care and early intervention. We conducted a retrospective observational study of 197 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection admitted to a tertiary academic medical center. Of 197 hospitalized patients, the mean (SD) age of the cohort was 60.6 (16.2) years, 103 (52.3%) were male and 156 (82.1%) were black. Severe COVID-19 infection was noted in 74 (37.6%) patients, requiring intubation. Patients aged above 60 were significantly more likely to have severe infection. Patients with severe infection were significantly more likely to have diabetes, renal disease, chronic pulmonary disease and had significantly higher white blood cell counts, lower lymphocyte counts, and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to patients with non-severe infection. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, risk factors for severe infection included pre-existing renal disease (odds ratio [OR], 7.4; 95% CI 2.5-22.0), oxygen requirement at hospitalization (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3-6.7), acute renal injury (OR, 2.7; 95% CI 1.3-5.6) and initial CRP (OR,1.006; 95% CI, 1.001-1.01). Race, age and socioeconomic status were not identified as independent predictors. Acute or pre-existing renal disease, supplemental oxygen at the time of hospitalization and initial CRP were independent predictors for the development of severe COVID-19 infections.\u00a0Every 1 unit increase in CRP increased the risk of severe disease by 0.06%."}, {"pmid": 32044122, "pmcid": "PMC7135420", "title": "Strengthening ICU health security for a coronavirus epidemic.", "journal": "Intensive Crit Care Nurs", "authors": ["Jansson, Miia", "Liao, Xuelian", "Rello, Jordi"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32044122", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312735, "title": "Partha Kar: What will come after the covid-19 crisis?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kar, Partha"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312735", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268933, "title": "Home PAP devices in COVID-19 infected patients.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Kryger, Meir", "Thomas, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268933", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520401, "title": "Extrapulmonary and atypical clinical presentations of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Abobaker, Anis", "Raba, Ali Ahmed", "Alzwi, Aboubaker"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520401", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) has led to outbreak of multiple cases of pneumonia in Wuhan city in December 2019. The disease caused by this virus was named coronavirus disease 2019 or \"COVID-19\", which was declared by WHO as a global pandemic in March 2020. It typically presents with respiratory symptoms and febrile illness. However, there are few reported extrapulmonary and atypical presentations, such as haemoptysis, cardiac, neurological, gastrointestinal, ocular and cutaneous manifestations, as well as venous and arterial thrombosis. Lack of awareness of these presentations might lead to misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis and isolation of suspected patients which increases the risk of transmission of infection between patients and doctors. All these issues will be discussed in this review. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32469844, "title": "Possibilities of telemedicine regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in light of the international and Hungarian experiences and recommendations", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Gyorffy, Zsuzsa", "Bekasi, Sandor", "Szathmari-Meszaros, Noemi", "Nemeth, Orsolya"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469844", "countries": ["Hungary"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak was formally announced as a pandemic by WHO on the 11th of March, 2020. This attracts attention to the possibilities of telemedicine again. In support of stopping the spread of the novel coronavirus infection, whilst keeping the healthcare system running and minimizing the risk of being infected, we also need to find new ways, methods, and platforms to deal with this pandemic. By providing a literature overview and sharing practical guidelines, including the special example of Hungarian teledentistry, we present both international and Hungarian initiatives to involve telemedicine on different levels of healthcare systems regarding COVID-19. Both international and national data show that telemedicine can play a major role in the triage process, early identification, diagnosis and treatment of infected individuals, and management of patient pathways in a way that ensures the medical team does not come into contact with potentially infected patients. It also plays an important role in remote monitoring of medical conditions and care of patients with chronic diseases and reconnects vulnerable groups of healthcare personnel to the care system. In addition to the potential benefits of telemedicine, we must not forget the limitations of this method. However, it is important to emphasize that due to its wide availability, telemedicine services can provide sufficient flexibility for both primary and specialist care (outpatient and inpatient clinical care). For that very reason, it is an urgent need to define the national professional guidelines, legal and financing possibilities in this field in a long-term sustainable way.* Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(24): 983-992. *Disclaimer: We closed the writing of this manuscript on the 30th of April, 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic and related research studies still have been changing dynamically since then."}, {"pmid": 32386354, "pmcid": "PMC7272963", "title": "Can dried blood spots (DBS) contribute to conducting comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests?", "journal": "Drug Test Anal", "authors": ["Thevis, Mario", "Knoop, Andre", "Schaefer, Maximilian S", "Dufaux, Bertin", "Schrader, Yvonne", "Thomas, Andreas", "Geyer, Hans"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386354", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524715, "title": "COVID-19 era: A chance to learn something new about monitoring psoriatic patients in biological therapy.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Filippi, Federica", "Loi, Camilla", "Evangelista, Valeria", "Bardazzi, Federico"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524715", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358594, "title": "Convalescent serum lines up as first-choice treatment for coronavirus.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Sheridan, Cormac"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358594", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437242, "pmcid": "PMC7249540", "title": "Fighting cancer in coronavirus disease era: organization of work in medical oncology departments in Emilia Romagna region of Italy.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Brandes, Alba A", "Ardizzoni, Andrea", "Artioli, Fabrizio", "Cappuzzo, Federico", "Cavanna, Luigi", "Frassineti, Giovanni Luca", "Frassoldati, Antonio", "Leonardi, Francesco", "Longo, Giuseppe", "Maestri, Antonio", "Tassinari, Davide", "Franceschi, Enrico", "Nunno, Vincenzo Di", "Pinto, Carmine"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437242", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aim: To assess which and when measures were applied to reduce coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spreads have been applied in medical oncology departments. Materials & methods: We surveyed all medical oncology departments from the Italian Emilia Romagna region via a multidomain questionnaire. The questions covered items on patients, healthcare workers, risk reduction measure and clinical trials. Results:\u00a0A total of\u00a012 centers involving 861 healthcare members joined the survey. The measures applied to patients and health workers partially converged in all the departments while major divergences were found in the clinical trials domain. High rate of COVID-19 infection occurred among medical doctors (21/208, 10.1%) and social care workers (13/110, 11.8%). Rate of infection among nurses was 5.7% (24/418). Conclusion: All measures able to reduce risk of COVID-19 infection must be applied in medical oncology departments. Early introduction of risk reduction measures may be a critical issue."}, {"pmid": 32334048, "pmcid": "PMC7175885", "title": "Strategies and recommendations for the safe implementation of vascular surgery during the pandemic period of novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Li, Wenrui", "Chen, Xueming", "Feng, Hai"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334048", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313229, "pmcid": "PMC7169646", "title": "COVID-19 Q&A: Keeping a cancer core going.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Neff, Ellen P"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313229", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339091, "title": "Collateral Benefit of COVID-19 Control Measures on Influenza Activity, Taiwan.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kuo, Shu-Chen", "Shih, Shu-Man", "Chien, Li-Hsin", "Hsiung, Chao A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339091", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Taiwan has strictly followed infection control measures to prevent spread of coronavirus disease. Meanwhile, nationwide surveillance data revealed drastic decreases in influenza diagnoses in outpatient departments, positivity rates of clinical specimens, and confirmed severe cases during the first 12 weeks of 2020 compared with the same period of 2019."}, {"pmid": 32098019, "pmcid": "PMC7073841", "title": "Communicating the Risk of Death from Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Kobayashi, Tetsuro", "Jung, Sung-Mok", "Linton, Natalie M", "Kinoshita, Ryo", "Hayashi, Katsuma", "Miyama, Takeshi", "Anzai, Asami", "Yang, Yichi", "Yuan, Baoyin", "Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R", "Suzuki, Ayako", "Nishiura, Hiroshi"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32098019", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To understand the severity of infection for a given disease, it is common epidemiological practice to estimate the case fatality risk, defined as the risk of death among cases. However, there are three technical obstacles that should be addressed to appropriately measure this risk. First, division of the cumulative number of deaths by that of cases tends to underestimate the actual risk because deaths that will occur have not yet observed, and so the delay in time from illness onset to death must be addressed. Second, the observed dataset of reported cases represents only a proportion of all infected individuals and there can be a substantial number of asymptomatic and mildly infected individuals who are never diagnosed. Third, ascertainment bias and risk of death among all those infected would be smaller when estimated using shorter virus detection windows and less sensitive diagnostic laboratory tests. In the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic, health authorities must cope with the uncertainty in the risk of death from COVID-19, and high-risk individuals should be identified using approaches that can address the abovementioned three problems. Although COVID-19 involves mostly mild infections among the majority of the general population, the risk of death among young adults is higher than that of seasonal influenza, and elderly with underlying comorbidities require additional care."}, {"pmid": 32498502, "title": "Mis-infodemic: The Achilles' heel in combating the COVID-19 pandemic in an Indian perspective.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop", "Sahu, Dinesh Prasad", "Kankaria, Ankita"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498502", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this ongoing SARS-CoV2 Corona virus pandemic, we are witnessing an uninhibited spread of mis-information on various social media platforms. This spread of mis-information or \"mis-infodemic\" is playing a negative role in our fight against the virus with far reaching consequences. International organizations like the WHO and other governmental organizations have geared up to the occasion to limit the spread of these and bring clarity in this context. In this time of crisis, risk communication is vital in the communication between organizations/government and the people. But apart from the organizations, the onus is on the people and media to realise the importance and verify the authenticity of information being circulated. It is imperative that information, being a double edged sword, is handled with caution and effective communication strategies are devised for the dissemination of accurate and scientific health related information. Social media can be used in a constructive way in mitigating the effects of this pandemic for the betterment of the society."}, {"pmid": 32427200, "pmcid": "PMC7229927", "title": "Visual Case DiscussionA Case of Lung Ultrasound Findings in a 73-year-old male with COVID-19.", "journal": "Vis J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Alkhafaji, Mohammed", "Ward, Theresa", "Truong, Jimmy"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427200", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389752, "pmcid": "PMC7205646", "title": "Practical indications for management of patients candidate to Interventional and Intraoperative Radiotherapy (Brachytherapy, IORT) during COVID-19 pandemic - A document endorsed by AIRO (Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology) Interventional Radiotherapy Working Group.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Vavassori, Andrea", "Tagliaferri, Luca", "Vicenzi, Lisa", "D'Aviero, Andrea", "Ciabattoni, Antonella", "Gribaudo, Sergio", "Lapadula, Loredana", "Mattiucci, Gian Carlo", "Vinante, Lorenzo", "De Sanctis, Vitaliana", "Vidali, Cristiana", "Murri, Rita", "Antonietta Gambacorta, Maria", "Mignogna, Marcello", "Jereczek-Fossa, Barbara A", "Donato, Vittorio"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405140, "pmcid": "PMC7218371", "title": "On the Question of Resource Constraints During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Thinking Globally.", "journal": "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys", "authors": ["Thomson, David J", "Yom, Sue S"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320506, "pmcid": "PMC7264594", "title": "Early Self-Proning in Awake, Non-intubated Patients in the Emergency Department: A Single ED's Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Caputo, Nicholas D", "Strayer, Reuben J", "Levitan, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320506", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prolonged and unaddressed hypoxia can lead to poor patient outcomes. Proning has become a standard treatment in the management of patients with ARDS who have difficulty achieving adequate oxygen saturation. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of early proning of awake, non-intubated patients in the emergency department (ED) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This pilot study was carried out in a single urban ED in New York City. We included patients suspected of having COVID-19 with hypoxia on arrival. A standard pulse oximeter was used to measure SpO2 . SpO2 measurements were recorded at triage and after 5\u00a0minutes of proning. Supplemental oxygenation methods included non-rebreather mask (NRB) and nasal cannula. We also characterized post-proning failure rates of intubation within the first 24\u00a0hours of arrival to the ED. Fifty patients were included. Overall, the median SpO2 at triage was 80% (IQR 69 to 85). After application of supplemental oxygen was given to patients on room air it was 84% (IQR 75 to 90). After 5\u00a0minutes of proning was added SpO2 improved to 94% (IQR 90 to 95). Comparison of the pre- to post-median by the Wilcoxon Rank-sum test yielded P\u00a0=\u00a00.001. Thirteen patients (24%) failed to improve or maintain their oxygen saturations and required endotracheal intubation within 24\u00a0hours of arrival to the ED. Awake early self-proning in the emergency department demonstrated improved oxygen saturation in our COVID-19 positive patients. Further studies are needed to support causality and determine the effect of proning on disease severity and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32405071, "pmcid": "PMC7219415", "title": "Continuing versus suspending angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: Impact on adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Lopes, Renato D", "Macedo, Ariane Vieira Scarlatelli", "de Barros E Silva, Pedro Gabriel Melo", "Moll-Bernardes, Renata Junqueira", "Feldman, Andre", "D'Andrea Saba Arruda, Guilherme", "de Souza, Andrea Silvestre", "de Albuquerque, Denilson Campos", "Mazza, Lilian", "Santos, Mayara Fraga", "Salvador, Natalia Zerbinatti", "Gibson, C Michael", "Granger, Christopher B", "Alexander, John H", "de Souza, Olga Ferreira"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405071", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32488828, "pmcid": "PMC7266421", "title": "Science, Religion, Government, and SARS-CoV-2: A Time for Synergy.", "journal": "J Relig Health", "authors": ["Hong, Barry A", "Handal, Paul J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488828", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Religion, science and government have been institutions throughout the ages that have helped us deal with fears and threats like SARS-CoV-2. However, reliance on any one of these institutions exclusively has limitations and therefore are sources of disappointments. The SARS-CoV-2 is a reminder that we can and need to blend these seemingly divergent views of science, religion and government. Each of these institutions provides ways to cope with this worldwide pandemic but they can exercise a much greater impact if they operate in unison for the common good and well-being of all."}, {"pmid": 32244260, "title": "[Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Shaanxi province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhu, N", "Li, C", "Ning, S S", "Chen, S", "Cao, L", "Yang, G J", "Li, X X", "Nian, Y P", "Wang, W H", "Liu, Y Z", "Wang, L", "Lei, F L", "Zhang, Y", "Zhuang, G H"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244260", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To understand the incidence trend and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Shaanxi province. Methods: The incidence data of COVID-19 reported in Shaanxi as of 22 February, 2020 were collected for an epidemiological descriptive analysis. Results: A total of 245 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported in Shaanxi. Most cases were mild (87.76%). As time passed, the areas where confirmed cases were reported continued to increase. The case number in Xi'an was highest, accounting for nearly half of the total reported cases in the province. The epidemic pattern in Shaanxi had gradually shifted from imported case pattern to local case pattern, and the transmission of local cases was mainly based on family cluster transmission. The confirmed cases from different sources had caused the secondary transmission in Shaanxi. After February 7, the number of reported cases began to fluctuate and decrease stably, indicating a decrease-to-zero period. Conclusions: At present, the overall epidemic of COVID-19 in Shaanxi has gradually been mitigated. However, considering the approaching of return to work and study and the increasing of imported cases from other countries, the prevention and control of COVIS-19 in Shaanxi will face new challenges."}, {"pmid": 32494927, "pmcid": "PMC7266913", "title": "Histological-ultrasonographical correlation of pulmonary involvement in severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Almeida Monteiro, Renata Aparecida", "de Oliveira, Ellen Pierre", "Nascimento Saldiva, Paulo Hilario", "Dolhnikoff, Marisa", "Duarte-Neto, Amaro Nunes"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494927", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179660, "title": "Epidemiology of COVID-19 Among Children in China.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Dong, Yuanyuan", "Mo, Xi", "Hu, Yabin", "Qi, Xin", "Jiang, Fan", "Jiang, Zhongyi", "Tong, Shilu"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179660", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify the epidemiological characteristics and transmission patterns of pediatric patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China. Nationwide case series of 2135 pediatric patients with COVID-19 reported to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 16, 2020, to February 8, 2020, were included. The epidemic curves were constructed by key dates of disease onset and case diagnosis. Onset-to-diagnosis curves were constructed by fitting a log-normal distribution to data on both onset and diagnosis dates. There were 728 (34.1%) laboratory-confirmed cases and 1407 (65.9%) suspected cases. The median age of all patients was 7 years (interquartile range: 2-13 years), and 1208 case patients (56.6%) were boys. More than 90% of all patients had asymptomatic, mild, or moderate cases. The median time from illness onset to diagnoses was 2 days (range: 0-42 days). There was a rapid increase of disease at the early stage of the epidemic, and then there was a gradual and steady decrease. The disease rapidly spread from Hubei province to surrounding provinces over time. More children were infected in Hubei province than any other province. Children of all ages appeared susceptible to COVID-19, and there was no significant sex difference. Although clinical manifestations of children's COVID-19 cases were generally less severe than those of adult patients, young children, particularly infants, were vulnerable to infection. The distribution of children's COVID-19 cases varied with time and space, and most of the cases were concentrated in Hubei province and surrounding areas. Furthermore, this study provides strong evidence of human-to-human transmission."}, {"pmid": 32451325, "title": "Prioritisation and the initiation of HCC surveillance in CHB patients: lessons to learn from the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Zeng, Georgia", "Gill, Upkar S", "Kennedy, Patrick T F"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451325", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405102, "pmcid": "PMC7218368", "title": "A global effort to define the human genetics of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Casanova, Jean-Laurent", "Su, Helen C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405102", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection displays immense inter-individual clinical variability, ranging from silent infection to lethal disease. The role of human genetics in determining clinical response to the virus remains unclear. Studies of outliers-individuals remaining uninfected despite viral exposure and healthy young patients with life-threatening disease-present a unique opportunity to reveal human genetic determinants of infection and disease."}, {"pmid": 32410808, "pmcid": "PMC7221408", "title": "Falling stroke rates during COVID-19 pandemic at a Comprehensive Stroke Center: Cover title: Falling stroke rates during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis", "authors": ["Siegler, J E", "Heslin, M E", "Thau, L", "Smith, A", "Jovin, T G"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410808", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although there is evidence to suggest a high rate of cerebrovascular complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, anecdotal reports indicate a falling rate of new ischemic stroke diagnoses. We conducted an exploratory single-center analysis to estimate the change in number of new stroke diagnoses in our region, and evaluate the proximate reasons for this change during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary care center in New Jersey. A Comprehensive Stroke Center prospective cohort was retrospectively analyzed for the number of stroke admissions, demographic features, and short-term outcomes 5 months prior to 3/1/2020 (pre-COVID-19), and in the 6 weeks that followed (COVID-19 period). The primary outcome was the number of new acute stroke diagnoses before and during the COVID-19 period, as well as the potential reasons for a decline in the number of new diagnoses. Of the 328 included patients, 53 (16%) presented in the COVID-19 period. There was a mean fall of 38% in new stroke diagnoses (mean 1.13/day [SD 1.07] from 1.82/day [SD 1.38], p<0.01), which was related to a 59% decline in the number of daily transfers from referral centers (p<0.01), 25% fewer telestroke consultations (p=0.08), and 55% fewer patients presenting directly to our institution by private vehicle (p<0.01) and 29% fewer patients through emergency services (p=0.09). There was no significant change in the monthly number of strokes due to large vessel occlusion (LVO), however the proportion of new LVOs nearly doubled in the COVID-19 period (38% vs. 21%, p=0.01). The observations at our tertiary care corroborate anecdotal reports that the number of new stroke diagnoses is falling, which seems related to a smaller proportion of patients seeking healthcare services for milder symptoms. These preliminary data warrant validation in larger, multi-center studies."}, {"pmid": 32516750, "title": "Using mHealth to support COVID-19 education, self-assessment, and symptom monitoring: An observational study in The Netherlands.", "journal": "JMIR Mhealth Uhealth", "authors": ["Timmers, Thomas", "Janssen, Loes", "Stohr, Joep", "Murk, J L", "Berrevoets, Marvin"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516750", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is demanding much from citizens, healthcare providers, and governmental institutions. Citizens, for instance, need to cope with guidelines on social interaction, work, home isolation, and symptom recognition. Additionally, healthcare providers and policymakers need to manage unprecedented and unpredictable pressure on the healthcare system. Providing citizens with an app gives them access to the latest information and enables them to assess their own health. These data could be used to support policymakers and healthcare providers to obtain valuable insights into the regional distribution of infection load and healthcare consumption. The primary aim was to assess people's usage of an app that supports them by providing COVID-19 education, self-assessment and health monitoring for a 7-day period. In addition, we aimed to assess how this data would be useful for healthcare providers and policymakers by applying it to an interactive map and combining it with hospital data. The secondary outcomes of the study were users' satisfaction with the information provided by the app, its perceived usefulness, details about the healthcare providers they contacted, and the follow-up actions from such contact. This observational cohort study was conducted at the nonacademic teaching hospital \"Elisabeth Twee Steden\" (ETZ) in Tilburg, the Netherlands. From April 1, 2020 onward, ETZ offered COVID-19 education, self-assessment and a symptom tracking diary to their already existing app for patient education and monitoring. Between April 1 and April 20, 2020, a total of 6194 people downloaded the app. The self-assessment functionality was used often to check one's health status. In total, 5104 people responded to the question about severe symptoms, of which 242 indicated experiencing them. A total of 4929 people responded to the question regarding mild symptoms, of which 3248 indicated that they suffered from these symptoms (65.9%). The data were successfully applied to an interactive map displaying user demographics and health status. Furthermore, we were able to link the app user's data to the clinical data on a postal code level. App users were satisfied with the information in the app (mean 8, 0-10 scale) and appreciated the symptom diary functionality (mean 8, 0-10 scale). In total, 102 users contacted a healthcare provider, which subsequently led to 91 contacts. Our study demonstrated the successful implementation and use of an app with COVID-19 education, self-assessment, and a 7-day symptom diary. Overall, users were satisfied with the information supplied through the app and appreciated its functionality. Data collected with the app were successfully applied to an interactive map displaying postal code specific demographics, health status, and healthcare consumption. These data could be used to support policymakers and healthcare providers to obtain valuable insights into the regional distribution of infection load and healthcare consumption. Netherlands Trial Register (NTR): 8501; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8501."}, {"pmid": 32526530, "title": "COVID-19 sampling from the middle ear and mastoid: A case report.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Wanna, George B", "Schwam, Zachary G", "Kaul, Vivian F", "Cosetti, Maura K", "Perez, Enrique", "Filip, Peter", "Javaid, Waleed", "Kandel, Avi", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto", "Govindaraj, Satish", "Genden, Eric M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526530", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378801, "pmcid": "PMC7267400", "title": "Comprehensive overview of COVID-19 based on current evidence.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kang, Yue", "Xu, Silu"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378801", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, twenty-seven pneumonia patients with unknown causes originated in South China seafood market in Wuhan. The virus infection spread rapidly and swept through China in less than a month. Subsequently, the virus was proven a novel coronavirus and named SARS-CoV-2. The outbreak of novel coronavirus has been determined as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by WHO on January 31, 2020. Similar to other coronaviruses like the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) CoV and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) CoV, the novel coronavirus was reported to spread via respiratory droplets and close contact from human to human, which means the virus is highly infectious and dangerous. Unfortunately, till now the virus has spread to over 200 countries/territories/areas around the world and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is continuing to grow. Currently, information sharing and transparency are essential for risk assessment and epidemic control in all endemic areas. In this article, we compared SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV and influenza virus, discussed current researching progress of COVID-19, including clinical characteristics, pathological changes, treatment measures, and so on."}, {"pmid": 32260436, "pmcid": "PMC7180963", "title": "Wearable Cardiorespiratory Monitoring Employing a Multimodal Digital Patch Stethoscope: Estimation of ECG, PEP, LVETand Respiration Using a 55 mm Single-Lead ECG and Phonocardiogram.", "journal": "Sensors (Basel)", "authors": ["Klum, Michael", "Urban, Mike", "Tigges, Timo", "Pielmus, Alexandru-Gabriel", "Feldheiser, Aarne", "Schmitt, Theresa", "Orglmeister, Reinhold"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32260436", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide, with sleep disordered breathing being a further aggravating factor. Respiratory illnesses are the third leading cause of death amongst the noncommunicable diseases. The current COVID-19 pandemic, however, also highlights the impact of communicable respiratory syndromes. In the clinical routine, prolonged postanesthetic respiratory instability worsens the patient outcome. Even though early and continuous, long-term cardiorespiratory monitoring has been proposed or even proven to be beneficial in several situations, implementations thereof are sparse. We employed our recently presented, multimodal patch stethoscope to estimate Einthoven electrocardiogram (ECG) Lead I and II from a single 55 mm ECG lead. Using the stethoscope and ECG subsystems, the pre-ejection period (PEP) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET) were estimated. ECG-derived respiration techniques were used in conjunction with a novel, phonocardiogram-derived respiration approach to extract respiratory parameters. Medical-grade references were the SOMNOmedics SOMNO HDTM and Osypka ICON-CoreTM. In a study including 10 healthy subjects, we analyzed the performances in the supine, lateral, and prone position. Einthoven I and II estimations yielded correlations exceeding 0.97. LVET and PEP estimation errors were 10% and 21%, respectively. Respiratory rates were estimated with mean absolute errors below 1.2 bpm, and the respiratory signal yielded a correlation of 0.66. We conclude that the estimation of ECG, PEP, LVET, and respiratory parameters is feasible using a wearable, multimodal acquisition device and encourage further research in multimodal signal fusion for respiratory signal estimation."}, {"pmid": 32374472, "pmcid": "PMC7267178", "title": "Comments on \"Cross-species transmission of the newly identified coronavirus 2019-nCoV\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Qian, Jiating", "Feng, Yifan", "Li, Jie"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374472", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After reading the article speculating that novel coronavirus from Wuhan may be transmitted to humans through snakes, I think the most critical analysis method is synonymous codon usage analysis, which estimated the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) of the 2019-nCoV and its potential hosts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32374474, "pmcid": "PMC7267175", "title": "Natural antiviral compound silvestrol modulates human monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells.", "journal": "J Cell Mol Med", "authors": ["Blum, Leonard", "Geisslinger, Gerd", "Parnham, Michael J", "Grunweller, Arnold", "Schiffmann, Susanne"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374474", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Outbreaks of infections with viruses like Sars-CoV-2, Ebola virus and Zika virus lead to major global health and economic problems because of limited treatment options. Therefore, new antiviral drug candidates are urgently needed. The promising new antiviral drug candidate silvestrol effectively inhibited replication of Corona-, Ebola-, Zika-, Picorna-, Hepatis E and Chikungunya viruses. Besides a direct impact on pathogens, modulation of the host immune system provides an additional facet to antiviral drug development because suitable immune modulation can boost innate defence mechanisms against the pathogens. In the present study, silvestrol down-regulated several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CCL2, CCL18) and increased TNF-\u03b1 during differentiation and activation of M1-macrophages, suggesting that the effects of silvestrol might cancel each other out. However, silvestrol amplified the anti-inflammatory potential of M2-macrophages by increasing expression of anti-inflammatory surface markers CD206, TREM2 and reducing release of pro-inflammatory IL-8 and CCL2. The differentiation of dendritic cells in the presence of silvestrol is characterized by down-regulation of several surface markers and cytokines indicating that differentiation is impaired by silvestrol. In conclusion, silvestrol influences the inflammatory status of immune cells depending on the cell type and activation status."}, {"pmid": 32302445, "title": "Reply to \"Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy\".", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Coto-Hernandez, Ruben", "Fabregas Ruano, Maria Teresa"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302445", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415473, "pmcid": "PMC7227174", "title": "Radiotherapy during COVID-19 pandemic. How to create a No fly zone: a Northern Italy experience.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Montesi, Giampaolo", "Di Biase, Saide", "Chierchini, Sara", "Pavanato, Giovanni", "Virdis, Graziella Elia", "Contato, Edgardo", "Mandoliti, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415473", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represents a troubling health emergency but also a main challenge for the clinical governance of the system. Discontinuation of radiation treatments is not desirable and potentially life-threatening. On the other hand, accesses to hospital expose cancer patients to an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. We report our extended protocol, draft to manage clinical activities in our radiotherapy department, by minimizing contagion risks. We used telephonic screening to assess the need for patient admission. A telephonic triage was performed to identify the presence of COVID-19 infection risk factors or symptoms. New treatments were stratified according to priority codes. A reserved entrance to radiotherapy department was assured for patients and staff. Surgical disposable mask was required for patients and caregivers. The activities were distributed during the whole workday, avoiding overlap to reduce aggregation. From 1st February 2020 to 31 March 2020, we reported an increase in the number of first medical examinations and treatments, compared to the same period of the previous year. Outpatients first medical examinations have been spread over the 12 working hours. No COVID-19 cases were detected. During COVID-19 pandemic, we introduced procedures that allowed us to ensure the continuity in oncological cares, with limited risks of infection for patients and staff."}, {"pmid": 32213307, "pmcid": "PMC7156809", "title": "Dermatology practices as vectors for COVID-19 transmission: A call for immediate cessation of nonemergent dermatology visits.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Kwatra, Shawn G", "Sweren, Ronald J", "Grossberg, Anna L"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213307", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437997, "pmcid": "PMC7211604", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Embracing Disruptive Change During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Hess, Ryan", "Mao, Jennifer Z", "Rho, Kyungduk", "Khan, Asham", "Levy, Elad", "Pollina, John", "Mullin, Jeffrey P"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506662, "title": "Necrotizing periodontal disease: oral manifestation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Patel, Jay", "Woolley, Julian"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506662", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interest the series of cases reported by Mart\u00edn Carreras-Presas et al. (2020). We believe that the described oral vesiculobullous manifestations were suggestive of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) co-infections, which at present, are overlooked and poorly understood (Cox et al., 2020). Increased disease severity and mortality amongst individuals with respiratory viral infections are often attributed to subsequent bacterial co-infections, accounting for approximately 95% of deaths during the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic (Morens et al., 2008)."}, {"pmid": 32500158, "title": "Authors' reply: Outbreak of COVID-19 - an urgent need for good science to silence our fears?", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Lum, Lionel Hon Wai", "Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500158", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519279, "title": "\"You Have to Wait a Little Longer\": Transgender (Mental) Health at Risk as a Consequence of Deferring Gender-Affirming Treatments During COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Sex Behav", "authors": ["van der Miesen, Anna I R", "Raaijmakers, Daphne", "van de Grift, Tim C"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519279", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356863, "pmcid": "PMC7195692", "title": "Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Mercuro, Nicholas J", "Yen, Christina F", "Shim, David J", "Maher, Timothy R", "McCoy, Christopher M", "Zimetbaum, Peter J", "Gold, Howard S"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356863", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Administration of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pneumonia carries increased risk of corrected QT (QTc) prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias. To characterize the risk and degree of QT prolongation in patients with COVID-19 in association with their use of hydroxychloroquine with or without concomitant azithromycin. This was a cohort study performed at an academic tertiary care center in Boston, Massachusetts, of patients hospitalized with at least 1 positive COVID-19 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction test result and clinical findings consistent with pneumonia who received at least 1 day of hydroxychloroquine from March 1, 2020, through April 7, 2020. Change in QT interval after receiving hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin; occurrence of other potential adverse drug events. Among 90 patients given hydroxychloroquine, 53 received concomitant azithromycin; 44 (48.9%) were female, and the mean (SD) body mass index was 31.5 (6.6). Hypertension (in 48 patients [53.3%]) and diabetes mellitus (in 26 patients [28.9%]) were the most common comorbid conditions. The overall median (interquartile range) baseline QTc was 455 (430-474) milliseconds (hydroxychloroquine, 473 [454-487] milliseconds vs hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, 442 [427-461] milliseconds; P\u2009<\u2009.001). Those receiving concomitant azithromycin had a greater median (interquartile range) change in QT interval (23 [10-40] milliseconds) compared with those receiving hydroxychloroquine alone (5.5 [-15.5 to 34.25] milliseconds; P\u2009=\u2009.03). Seven patients (19%) who received hydroxychloroquine monotherapy developed prolonged QTc of 500 milliseconds or more, and 3 patients (3%) had a change in QTc of 60 milliseconds or more. Of those who received concomitant azithromycin, 11 of 53 (21%) had prolonged QTc of 500 milliseconds or more and 7 of 53 (13 %) had a change in QTc of 60 milliseconds or more. The likelihood of prolonged QTc was greater in those who received concomitant loop diuretics (adjusted odds ratio, 3.38 [95% CI, 1.03-11.08]) or had a baseline QTc of 450 milliseconds or more (adjusted odds ratio, 7.11 [95% CI, 1.75-28.87]). Ten patients had hydroxychloroquine discontinued early because of potential adverse drug events, including intractable nausea, hypoglycemia, and 1 case of torsades de pointes. In this cohort study, patients who received hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of pneumonia associated with COVID-19 were at high risk of QTc prolongation, and concurrent treatment with azithromycin was associated with greater changes in QTc. Clinicians should carefully weigh risks and benefits if considering hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, with close monitoring of QTc and concomitant medication usage."}, {"pmid": 32463166, "title": "Why is hyperglycemia worsening COVID-19 and its prognosis?", "journal": "Diabetes Obes Metab", "authors": ["Ceriello, Antonio", "De Nigris, Valeria", "Prattichizzo, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463166", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283228, "pmcid": "PMC7146692", "title": "Reply to: \"Skin damage among health care workers managing coronavirus disease-2019\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Oranges, Teresa", "Janowska, Agata", "Dini, Valentina"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283228", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392559, "title": "Treating Leukemia in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Haematol", "authors": ["Paul, Shilpa", "Rausch, Caitlin R", "Jain, Nitin", "Kadia, Tapan", "Ravandi, Farhad", "DiNardo, Courtney D", "Welch, Mary Alma", "Dabaja, Bouthaina S", "Daver, Naval", "Garcia-Manero, Guillermo", "Wierda, William", "Pemmaraju, Naveen", "Montalban Bravo, Guillermo", "Thompson, Philip", "Verstovsek, Srdan", "Konopleva, Marina", "Kantarjian, Hagop", "Jabbour, Elias"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392559", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses several challenges to the management of patients with leukemia. The biology of each leukemia and its corresponding treatment with conventional intensive chemotherapy, with or without targeted therapies (venetoclax, FLT3 inhibitors, IDH1/2 inhibitors, Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors), introduce additional layers of complexity during COVID-19 high-risk periods. The knowledge about COVID-19 is accumulating rapidly. An important distinction is the prevalence of \"exposure\" versus \"clinical infectivity,\" which determine the risk versus benefit of modifying potentially highly curative therapies in leukemia. At present, the rate of clinical infection is <1-2% worldwide. With a mortality rate of 1-5% in CO-VID-19 patients in the general population and potentially of >30% in patients with cancer, careful consideration should be given to the risk of COVID-19 in leukemia. Instead of reducing patient access to specialized cancer centers and modifying therapies to ones with unproven curative benefit, there is more rationale for less intensive, yet effective therapies that may require fewer clinic visits or hospitalizations. Here, we offer recommendations on the optimization of leukemia management during high-risk COVID-19 periods."}, {"pmid": 32373340, "pmcid": "PMC7183246", "title": "Epidemiological analysis of the early 38 fatalities in Hubei, China, of the coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Chen, Yifei", "Zhao, Meizhen", "Wu, Yifan", "Zang, Shuang"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373340", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei province of China by the end of 2019, it has burned its way across the globe, resulting in a still fast-growing death toll that far exceeded those from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in less than two months. As there is a paucity of evidence on which population is more likely to progress into severe conditions among cases, we looked into the first cluster of death cases, aiming to add to current evidence and reduce panic among the population. We prospectively collected the demographic and clinical data of the first 38 fatalities whose information was made public by the Health Commission of Hubei province and the official Weibo account of China Central Television news center, starting from 9 January through 24 January 2020. The death cases were described from four aspects (gender and age characteristics, underlying diseases, the time course of death, symptoms at the incipience of illness and hospital admission). Among the 38 fatalities, 71.05% were male, and 28.95% were female, with the median age of 70 years (interquartile range (IQR)\u2009=\u200965-81). Persons aged 66-75 made up the largest share. Twenty-five cases had a history of chronic diseases. The median time between the first symptoms and death was 12.50 days (IQR\u2009=\u200910.00-16.25), while the median time between the admission and death was 8.50 (IQR\u2009=\u20095.00-12.00) days. In persons aged over 56 years, the time between the first symptoms and death decreased with age, and so did the time between the admission and death, though the latter increased again in persons aged over 85 years. The major first symptoms included fever (52.63%), cough (31.58%), dyspnea (23.68%), myalgia and fatigue (15.79%). Among the death cases, persons with underlying diseases and aged over 65 made up the majority. The time between the first symptoms and death decreased with the advanced age. In all the age groups, males dominated the fatalities."}, {"pmid": 32310817, "pmcid": "PMC7187764", "title": "COVID-19 Mobile Positioning Data Contact Tracing and Patient Privacy Regulations: Exploratory Search of Global Response Strategies and the Use of Digital Tools in Nigeria.", "journal": "JMIR Mhealth Uhealth", "authors": ["Ekong, Iniobong", "Chukwu, Emeka", "Chukwu, Martha"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310817", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the biggest global economic and health challenge of the century. Its effect and impact are still evolving, with deaths estimated to reach 40 million if unchecked. One effective and complementary strategy to slow the spread and reduce the impact is to trace the primary and secondary contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases using contact tracing technology. The objective of this paper is to survey strategies for digital contact tracing for the COVID-19 pandemic and to present how using mobile positioning data conforms with Nigeria's data privacy regulations. We conducted an exploratory review of current measures for COVID-19 contact tracing implemented around the world. We then analyzed how countries are using mobile positioning data technology to reduce the spread of COVID-19. We made recommendations on how Nigeria can adopt this approach while adhering to the guidelines provided by the National Data Protection Regulation (NDPR). Despite the potential of digital contact tracing, it always conflicts with patient data privacy regulations. We found that Nigeria's response complies with the NDPR, and that it is possible to leverage call detail records to complement current strategies within the NDPR. Our study shows that mobile position data contact tracing is important for epidemic control as long as it conforms to relevant data privacy regulations. Implementation guidelines will limit data misuse."}, {"pmid": 32392330, "pmcid": "PMC7239237", "title": "The Effects of Pregnancy on Women with COVID-19: Maternal and Infant Outcomes.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Schwartz, David A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392330", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408147, "pmcid": "PMC7204643", "title": "Anti-CD20 and COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis and related disorders: A case series of 60 patients from Madrid, Spain.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Montero-Escribano, Paloma", "Matias-Guiu, Jorge", "Gomez-Iglesias, Patricia", "Porta-Etessam, Jesus", "Pytel, Vanesa", "Matias-Guiu, Jordi A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408147", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456692, "pmcid": "PMC7250282", "title": "The importance of a \"socially responsible\" approach during COVID-19: the invisible heroes of science in Italy.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Sanfilippo, Filippo", "Bignami, Elena", "Lorini, Ferdinando Luca", "Astuto, Marinella"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456692", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358890, "pmcid": "PMC7262017", "title": "Cutaneous side-effects of the potential COVID-19 drugs.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Tursen, Umit", "Tursen, Belma", "Lotti, Torello"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358890", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 disease is a highly contagious and particularly popular problem in all countries. A variety of repurposed drugs and investigational drugs such as remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ritonavir, lopinavir, interferon-beta, and other potential drugs have been studied for COVID19 treatment. We reviewed the potential dermatological side-effects of these drugs."}, {"pmid": 32312573, "pmcid": "PMC7151494", "title": "Fibreoptic tracheal intubation in COVID-19: not so fast.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lyons, Craig"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312573", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471712, "pmcid": "PMC7241397", "title": "Treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Revasc Med", "authors": ["Yerasi, Charan", "Case, Brian C", "Forrestal, Brian J", "Chezar-Azerrad, Chava", "Hashim, Hayder", "Ben-Dor, Itsik", "Satler, Lowell F", "Mintz, Gary S", "Waksman, Ron"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471712", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of cases of the coronavirus-induced disease-2019 (COVID-19) continues to increase exponentially worldwide. In this crisis situation, the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is challenging. In this review, we outline the risk and benefits of primary PCI vs. thrombolysis for STEMI. While thrombolysis may seem like a good choice, many patients have a contraindication and could end-up using more resources. Also, with a high probability of the angiogram showing non-obstructed coronary arteries during acute infections, primary PCI should be the preferred strategy."}, {"pmid": 32499612, "pmcid": "PMC7271135", "title": "An andrologist in the front line Covid-19 team.", "journal": "Int J Impot Res", "authors": ["Baldassarre, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499612", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473503, "pmcid": "PMC7247987", "title": "Early application of prone position for management of Covid-19 patients.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Golestani-Eraghi, Majid", "Mahmoodpoor, Ata"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473503", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374801, "pmcid": "PMC7186000", "title": "Fair allocation of scarce medical resources during COVID-19 pandemic: ethical considerations.", "journal": "Einstein (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Satomi, Erika", "Souza, Polianna Mara Rodrigues de", "Thome, Beatriz da Costa", "Reingenheim, Claudio", "Werebe, Eduardo", "Troster, Eduardo Juan", "Scarin, Farah Christina de La Cruz", "Bacha, Helio Arthur", "Grunspun, Henrique", "Ferraz, Leonardo Jose Rolim", "Bueno, Marco Aurelio Scarpinella", "Barros Filho, Mario Thadeu Leme de", "Borges, Pedro Custodio de Mello"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374801", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198163, "pmcid": "PMC7157814", "title": "Hiding in Plain Sight: an Approach to Treating Patients with Severe COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Fedson, David S", "Opal, Steven M", "Rordam, Ole Martin"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198163", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with COVID-19 infection are at risk of acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) and death. The tissue receptor for COVID-19 is ACE2, and higher levels of ACE2 can protect against ARDS. Angiotensin receptor blockers and statins upregulate ACE2. Clinical trials are needed to determine whether this drug combination might be used to treat patients with severe COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32407645, "title": "To book online and for more information on upcoming events please visit www.rsm.ac.uk : Due to the COVID-19 situation, majority of RSM events originally scheduled until the end of June are now postponed/cancelled.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407645", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423578, "pmcid": "PMC7228720", "title": "Corrigendum to \"The deadly coronaviruses: The 2003 SARS pandemic and the 2020 novel coronavirus epidemic in China\" [J. Autoimmun. 109C (2020) 102434].", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Yang, Yongshi", "Peng, Fujun", "Wang, Runsheng", "Yang, Ming", "Guan, Kai", "Jiang, Taijiao", "Xu, Guogang", "Sun, Jinlyu", "Chang, Christopher"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423578", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447829, "title": "Can COVID 19 virus be transmitted through sex?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Hafi, Bishurul", "Uvais, N A", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Afra, T P", "Muhammed Razmi, T"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447829", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439691, "title": "Mitigating the psychological effects of social isolation during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Razai, Mohammad S", "Oakeshott, Pippa", "Kankam, Hadyn", "Galea, Sandro", "Stokes-Lampard, Helen"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439691", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292217, "pmcid": "PMC7131747", "title": "Opinion to address a potential personal protective equipment shortage in the global community during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Polym Degrad Stab", "authors": ["Dargaville, Tim", "Spann, Kirsten", "Celina, Mathew"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292217", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic is stretching the global supply situation for face masks and PPE beyond production capacity. This is a call for the R&D community, particularly in the polymer degradation and stability arena, to engage and collaborate with virology and bio-medical experts. We require comparative R&D for extended, reuse and recyclability options, as well as large scale approaches and methods that could quickly be applied on the local level by the public who are not experts and may only have limited resources."}, {"pmid": 32528710, "pmcid": "PMC7276721", "title": "Persistence of positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test result for 24 days in a hospitalized asymptomatic carrier.", "journal": "Acute Med Surg", "authors": ["Uechi, Takahiro", "Nakamura, Shunsuke", "Takeshita, Ryo", "Morino, Kyoko", "Mizuno, Ren", "Nakagawa, Yuki", "Irifukuhama, Yuna", "Takada, Shiho", "Teruya, Hideki", "Mita, Naoto", "Nakamori, Tomoki", "Kinoshita, Hirohisa"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528710", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several countries have imposed a mandatory 14-day period of quarantine on individuals arriving from countries considered high-risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, it is not clear how long asymptomatic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 can be an asymptomatic carrier. We experienced a case of an asymptomatic female patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 with abnormal chest computed tomography findings. She did not develop a fever during hospitalized isolation. She remained reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-positive for 24\u00a0days. An asymptomatic patient diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection remained reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-positive for 24\u00a0days, although she was quarantined in an isolation hospital. This finding suggests that an asymptomatic patient diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection with abnormal chest computed tomography findings can be an asymptomatic carrier for more than 3\u00a0weeks."}, {"pmid": 32304883, "pmcid": "PMC7156946", "title": "The differential psychological distress of populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Zhang, Jie", "Lu, Huipeng", "Zeng, Haiping", "Zhang, Shining", "Du, Qifeng", "Jiang, Tingyun", "Du, Baoguo"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304883", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333819, "pmcid": "PMC7267268", "title": "COVID-19: what if the brain had a role in causing the deaths?", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Tassorelli, C", "Mojoli, F", "Baldanti, F", "Bruno, R", "Benazzo, M"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333819", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492263, "title": "Emergency department infection control strategies in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Kaohsiung J Med Sci", "authors": ["Chen, Szu-Chia", "Chang, Ko", "Kuo, Chao-Hung"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492263", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249098, "pmcid": "PMC7269902", "title": "Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncological surgery during the Covid-19 epidemic.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Tuech, J-J", "Gangloff, A", "Di Fiore, F", "Michel, P", "Brigand, C", "Slim, K", "Pocard, M", "Schwarz, L"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249098", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic is changing the organization of healthcare and has a direct impact on digestive surgery. Healthcare priorities and circuits are being modified. Emergency surgery is still a priority. Functional surgery is to be deferred. Laparoscopic surgery must follow strict rules so as not to expose healthcare professionals (HCPs) to added risk. The question looms large in cancer surgery-go ahead or defer? There is probably an added risk due to the pandemic that must be balanced against the risk incurred by deferring surgery. For each type of cancer-colon, pancreas, oesogastric, hepatocellular carcinoma-morbidity and mortality rates are stated and compared with the oncological risk incurred by deferring surgery and/or the tumour doubling time. Strategies can be proposed based on this comparison. For colonic cancers T1-2, N0, it is advisable to defer surgery. For advanced colonic lesions, it seems judicious to undertake neoadjuvant chemotherapy and then wait. For rectal cancers T3-4 and/or N+, chemoradiotherapy is indicated, short radiotherapy must be discussed (followed by a waiting period) to reduce time of exposure in the hospital and to prevent infections. Most complex surgery with high morbidity and mortality-oesogastric, hepatic or pancreatic-is most often best deferred."}, {"pmid": 32209810, "pmcid": "PMC7172572", "title": "Recommendations for Endotracheal Intubation of COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Orser, Beverley A"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407043, "title": "Rapid Expert Consultations on the COVID-19 Pandemic: March 14, 2020-April 8, 2020", "journal": "Rapid Expert Consultations on the COVID-19 Pandemic: March 14, 2020-April 8, 2020", "date": "2020-05-15T11:01:00Z", "_id": "32407043", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32507121, "title": "COVID-19 and Health-Related Authority Allocation Puzzles.", "journal": "Camb Q Healthc Ethics", "authors": ["DA Silva, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507121", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192550, "pmcid": "PMC7139364", "title": "The role of masks and respirator protection against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wang, Qiang", "Yu, Chaoran"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192550", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425490, "pmcid": "PMC7231732", "title": "[Emotional management of the health crisis by coronavirus: A narrative review].", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Brito-Brito, Pedro Ruyman", "Fernandez-Gutierrez, Domingo Angel", "Cuellar-Pompa, Leticia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To make a synthesis of the available scientific evidence in the emotional management of the declared health crisis in the face of coronavirus. A bibliographic search was made, without date limit, in Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science databases using the following keywords: \"emotional management\"; \"health crisis\" and \"health crisis response\". Initially; 73 studies were identified and; after selecting them according to eligibility criteria; 10 were included. The main recommendations based on the available evidence indicate emotional management measures such as offering support groups to professionals, ensuring their social non-discrimination, strengthening their confidence and control capacity through training actions, as well as reinforcing the recognition of nurses by the community. The accumulated evidence comes from experience with previous outbreaks of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. Stress was the most studied aspect, concerning issues such as social stigma, professionalism, intention to care, burnout, ethical conflicts, anxiety, depression or guilt. The emotional management of health crises in the face of the coronavirus requires an individual, collective, social and institutional strategy to reinforce security on all fronts and reduce fear through effective control measures using sufficient and adequate material and human resources."}, {"pmid": 32273619, "title": "Thousands of coronavirus tests are going unused in US labs.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273619", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283240, "pmcid": "PMC7151288", "title": "Back to the basics: Diluted bleach for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Patel, Parth", "Sanghvi, Sanjna", "Malik, Kunal", "Khachemoune, Amor"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283240", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181903, "pmcid": "PMC7228291", "title": "Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Qu, Rong", "Ling, Yun", "Zhang, Yi-Hui-Zhi", "Wei, Li-Ya", "Chen, Xiao", "Li, Xu-Mian", "Liu, Xuan-Yong", "Liu, Han-Mian", "Guo, Zhi", "Ren, Hua", "Wang, Qiang"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181903", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, novel coronavirus infected pneumonia emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China. In severe novel coronavirus pneumonia cases, the number of platelets, their dynamic changes during the treatment, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were a concern. We sought to describe the platelet feature of these cases. Single-center case series of the 30 hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 in Huizhou municipal central hospital from January 2020 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic, clinical, blood routine results, other laboratory results, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. Outcomes of severe patients and nonsevere patients were compared. Univariate analysis showed that: age, platelet peaks, and PLR at peak platelet were the influencing factors in severe patients, multivariate analysis showed that the PLR value at peak platelet during treatment was an independent influencing factor in severe patients. The average hospitalization day of patients with platelet peaks during treatment was longer than those without platelet peaks (P\u2009<\u2009.05). The average age of patients with platelet peaks during treatment was older than those without platelet peaks (P\u2009<\u2009.05). The patients with significantly elevated platelets during treatment had longer average hospitalization days. And the higher PLR of patients during treatment had longer average hospitalization days. Single-center case series of the 30 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, presumed that the number of platelets and their dynamic changes during the treatment may have a suggestion on the severity and prognosis of the disease. The patient with markedly elevated platelets and longer average hospitalization days may be related to the cytokine storm. The PLR of patients means the degree of cytokine storm, which might provide a new indicator in the monitoring in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32329784, "pmcid": "PMC7182958", "title": "Mental Health Status Among Children in Home Confinement During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Hubei Province, China.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Xie, Xinyan", "Xue, Qi", "Zhou, Yu", "Zhu, Kaiheng", "Liu, Qi", "Zhang, Jiajia", "Song, Ranran"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329784", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253172, "pmcid": "PMC7174834", "title": "Hepatic and gastrointestinal involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): What do we know till now?", "journal": "Arab J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Musa, Sherief"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253172", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has posed a serious threat to global health and is currently causing a major pandemic. While patients typically present with fever and a respiratory illness, mounting evidence indicates that patients might also report extra-pulmonary manifestations, including those affecting the liver and gastrointestinal tract. This involvement may have important implications to the disease management, transmission, and prognosis, especially in patients with pre-existing hepatic or digestive co-morbidities. In this review, the characteristics and possible explanations of hepatic and gastrointestinal involvement caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are summarized, adding to our knowledge of the spectrum of COVID-19. In addition, preventive measures implemented in endoscopy departments to prevent further dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 infection are proposed."}, {"pmid": 32398918, "pmcid": "PMC7217112", "title": "Impact of COVID 19 lockdown on orthopaedic surgeons in India: A survey.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Sahu, Dipit", "Agrawal, Tushar", "Rathod, Vaibhavi", "Bagaria, Vaibhav"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398918", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the fight against COVID 19, the government of India announced a 3 weeks lockdown of the entire country of 1.3 billion people on 24th March 2020. One week after the lockdown was announced, we conducted an anonymous online survey of the orthopaedic surgeons in India through social media platforms to assess the impact of the lockdown during COVID 19. The survey had a total of 13 questions with (3-5) options and was designed with an aim to understand the perception and the state of mind of the Orthopaedic surgeons in the lockdown situation. The survey was completed by 611 orthopaedic surgeons from 140 cities in India. There were 22.5% orthopaedic surgeons who said that they were definitely stressed out, and 40.5% who said they were mildly stressed out. As the age decreased, the percentage of orthopaedic surgeons feeling \"definitely stressed out\" increased. Disruption of life-work balance and uncertainties regarding return to work were other strongly associated factors with the \"definitely stressed out\" group. The psychological impact of the lockdown during COVID 19 on orthopaedic surgeons may become a potential concern that will require addressal through open discussion. diagnostic level 4."}, {"pmid": 32474758, "pmcid": "PMC7261037", "title": "Global haemostatic tests in rapid diagnosis and management of COVID-19 associated coagulopathy in acute limb ischaemia.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Fan, Bingwen Eugene", "Chia, Yew Woon", "Sum, Christina Lai Lin", "Kuperan, Ponnudurai", "Chan, Stephrene Seok Wei", "Ling, Li Min", "Tan, Glenn Wei Leong", "Goh, Serene Si Ning", "Wong, Lai Har", "Lim, Shu Ping", "Lim, Kian Guan Eric", "Tan, Hwee Tat", "Ang, Mui Kia", "Lau, Soon Lee", "Ong, Kiat Hoe", "Ng, Jensen"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474758", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475764, "pmcid": "PMC7251355", "title": "An updated meta-analysis of AST and ALT levels and the mortality of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Wang, Ying", "Shi, Li", "Wang, Yadong", "Yang, Haiyan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475764", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207983, "pmcid": "PMC7200872", "title": "Covid-19 infection and mortality: a physiologist's perspective enlightening clinical features and plausible interventional strategies.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Abassi, Zaid A", "Skorecki, Karl", "Heyman, Samuel Noam", "Kinaneh, Safa", "Armaly, Zaher"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207983", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32048815, "pmcid": "PMC7167008", "title": "Preliminary prediction of the basic reproduction number of the Wuhan novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "J Evid Based Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Tao", "Liu, Quanhui", "Yang, Zimo", "Liao, Jingyi", "Yang, Kexin", "Bai, Wei", "Lu, Xin", "Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32048815", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To estimate the basic reproduction number of the Wuhan novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Based on the susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) compartment model and the assumption that the infectious cases with symptoms occurred before 26 January, 2020 are resulted from free propagation without intervention, we estimate the basic reproduction number of 2019-nCoV according to the reported confirmed cases and suspected cases, as well as the theoretical estimated number of infected cases by other research teams, together with some epidemiological determinants learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The basic reproduction number fall between 2.8 and 3.3 by using the real-time reports on the number of 2019-nCoV-infected cases from People's Daily in China and fall between 3.2 and 3.9 on the basis of the predicted number of infected cases from international colleagues. The early transmission ability of 2019-nCoV is close to or slightly higher than SARS. It is a controllable disease with moderate to high transmissibility. Timely and effective control measures are needed to prevent the further transmissions."}, {"pmid": 32423359, "title": "Subjective Changes in Smell and Taste During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey-Preliminary Results.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Coelho, Daniel H", "Kons, Zachary A", "Costanzo, Richard M", "Reiter, Evan R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423359", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, many individuals have noted acute loss of smell and/or taste, although not all patients with these symptoms are tested for COVID-19. To better characterize all patients with these rare symptoms, a national survey was created. Over 13 days in April 2020, a total of 220 people completed the survey in its entirety, representing a wide geographic distribution across the United States. Of the 220 respondents, 93 (42%) were diagnosed with COVID-19, and 127 (58%) were not. A total of 37.7% of respondents reported changes in smell/taste as the initial or sole presentation of their condition. Most but not all patients had other symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 at the time of chemosensory loss. Despite its inclusion as a major symptom of COVID-19 by the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), respondents with additional CDC-defined symptoms associated with COVID-19 were statistically more likely to be tested/diagnosed than those without."}, {"pmid": 32355004, "title": "COVID-19 amidst Ebola's retreat.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Ditekemena, John"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355004", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470316, "title": "Investigation and Serologic Follow-Up of Contacts of Early Confirmed Case-Patient with COVID-19, United States.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chu, Victoria T", "Freeman-Ponder, Brandi", "Lindquist, Scott", "Spitters, Christopher", "Kawakami, Vance", "Dyal, Jonathan W", "Clark, Shauna", "Bruce, Hollianne", "Duchin, Jeffrey S", "DeBolt, Chas", "Podczervinski, Sara", "D'Angeli, Marisa", "Pettrone, Kristen", "Zacks, Rachael", "Vahey, Grace", "Holshue, Michelle L", "Lang, Misty", "Burke, Rachel M", "Rolfes, Melissa A", "Marlow, Mariel", "Midgley, Claire M", "Lu, Xiaoyan", "Lindstrom, Stephen", "Hall, Aron J", "Fry, Alicia M", "Thornburg, Natalie J", "Gerber, Susan I", "Pillai, Satish K", "Biggs, Holly M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470316", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the contact investigation for an early confirmed case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in the United States. Contacts of the case-patient were identified, actively monitored for symptoms, interviewed for a detailed exposure history, and tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) and ELISA. Fifty contacts were identified and 38 (76%) were interviewed, of whom 11 (29%) reported unprotected face-to-face interaction with the case-patient. Thirty-seven (74%) had respiratory specimens tested by rRT-PCR, and all tested negative. Twenty-three (46%) had ELISA performed on serum samples collected \u22486 weeks after exposure, and none had detectable antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Among contacts who were tested, no secondary transmission was identified in this investigation, despite unprotected close interactions with the infectious case-patient."}, {"pmid": 32445773, "pmcid": "PMC7239022", "title": "In hospital verification of non CE-marked respiratory protective devices to ensure safety of healthcare staff during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["van Wezel, Ralph A C", "Vrancken, Anne C T", "Ernest, Marieke", "Laurensse, Johan", "van Doornmalen Gomez Hoyos, Josephus P C M"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445773", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To develop a protocol to ensure the quality of respiratory protective devices for healthcare workers nursing and treating patients with possible or confirmed COVID-19 in the Catharina hospital. Due to the COVID-19 outbreak a shortage of respirators is occurring worldwide; more specifically, CE-certified FFP2 respirators. This has resulted in an increased supply to hospitals of alternative respirators of uncertain quality. Nevertheless, the quality of the respirators used by our healthcare workers must be ensured. A protocol and criteria based on applicable standards was developed to ensure the quality of respirators. The protocol has been implemented at the Catharina hospital and includes verification of the documents accompanying the respirator, visual inspection of the respirator and a test for total inward leak of particles into respirators. 67% of the respirators brands and types received in the Catharina hospital did not meet quality criteria. With a simple verification protocol the quality of the respirators can be checked and guaranteed while there is a shortage of the CE approved respirators which are normally used. With this in-hospital protocol health care workers can be equipped with safe-to-use respirators."}, {"pmid": 32251796, "pmcid": "PMC7128755", "title": "Evidence from two cases of asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2: Are 14 days of isolation sufficient?", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wan, Ren", "Mao, Zhi-Qun", "He, Li-Yi", "Hu, Yue-Chun", "Wei-Chen"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251796", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Among 78 laboratory-confirmed cases, we found two asymptomatic infections. One patient was discharged within 14 days after treatment. Another patient was discharged 25 days after treatment, and his RT-PCR test was still positive on the 15th day. We found that there may be virus carriers in the asymptomatic population with an epidemiological contact history. After 14 days of isolation, those with asymptomatic infection may still carry the virus, which means a risk of transmission, presenting a new challenge for the management of home isolation."}, {"pmid": 32522362, "title": "Safeguarding Non-COVID-19 Research: Looking Up from Ground Zero.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Chan, Christine Hui-Shan", "Tan, Eng-King"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522362", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has kicked off a global race to launch clinical trials of experimental vaccines and treatments for the coronavirus. Worldwide, as resources are directed toward accelerating the research into unravelling the mechanism of COVID-19 pathophysiology, concerns have been raised regarding the future of clinical research in United Kingdom and elsewhere during the current pandemic. However, the real immediate impact of these restrictions due to lock-down is most acutely felt by scientists working on non-COVID-19 biomedical research bench and clinical researchers whose drug trials have to be delayed, suspended or ceased. Here, we highlight our views from \"ground zero\" as we represent those whose work are deeply affected by the restrictions. We draw attention to some of the practical realities and emotions experienced in the laboratory. In addition, we also highlight the difficulties for policy makers to maintain equanimity in prioritizing their decisions cross the different fields of science."}, {"pmid": 32319884, "pmcid": "PMC7200848", "title": "Extended use or reuse of N95 respirators during COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of national regulatory authority recommendations.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Kobayashi, Leticia Mitiko", "Marins, Bianca Ramos", "Costa, Patricia Cristina Dos Santos", "Perazzo, Hugo", "Castro, Rodolfo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319884", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303915, "pmcid": "PMC7164333", "title": "Should Patients Receiving ACE Inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers be Switched to Other Antihypertensive Drugs to Prevent or Improve Prognosis of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)?", "journal": "Drug Saf", "authors": ["Trifiro, Gianluca", "Crisafulli, Salvatore", "Ando, Giuseppe", "Racagni, Giorgio", "Drago, Filippo"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303915", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426991, "pmcid": "PMC7236792", "title": "Cardiovascular disease as a biomarker for an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and related poor prognosis.", "journal": "Biomark Med", "authors": ["Ielapi, Nicola", "Licastro, Noemi", "Provenzano, Michele", "Andreucci, Michele", "Franciscis, Stefano de", "Serra, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426991", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527161, "title": "How Fear Appeal Approaches in COVID-19 Health Communication May Be Harming the Global Community.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Stolow, Jeni A", "Moses, Lina M", "Lederer, Alyssa M", "Carter, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As health professionals develop health communication for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we implore that these communication approaches do not include fear appeals. Fear appeals, also known as scare tactics, have been widely used to promote recommended preventive behaviors. We contend that unintended negative outcomes can result from fear appeals that intensify the already complex pandemic and efforts to contain it. We encourage public health professionals to reevaluate their desire to use fear appeals in COVID-19 health communication and recommend that evidence-based health communication be utilized to address the needs of a specific community, help people understand what they are being asked to do, explain step-by-step how to complete preventative behaviors, and consider external factors needed to support the uptake of behaviors. To aid health professionals in redirecting away from the use of fear appeals, we offer a phased approach to creating health communication messages during the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32162456, "pmcid": "PMC7228259", "title": "Rapid Identification of Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease by Deep Docking of 1.3 Billion Compounds.", "journal": "Mol Inform", "authors": ["Ton, Anh-Tien", "Gentile, Francesco", "Hsing, Michael", "Ban, Fuqiang", "Cherkasov, Artem"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162456", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recently emerged 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and associated COVID-19 disease cause serious or even fatal respiratory tract infection and yet no approved therapeutics or effective treatment is currently available to effectively combat the outbreak. This urgent situation is pressing the world to respond with the development of novel vaccine or a small molecule therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2. Along these efforts, the structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) has been rapidly resolved and made publicly available to facilitate global efforts to develop novel drug candidates. Recently, our group has developed a novel deep learning platform - Deep Docking (DD) which provides fast prediction of docking scores of Glide (or any other docking program) and, hence, enables structure-based virtual screening of billions of purchasable molecules in a short time. In the current study we applied DD to all 1.3\u2005billion compounds from ZINC15 library to identify top 1,000 potential ligands for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro protein. The compounds are made publicly available for further characterization and development by scientific community."}, {"pmid": 32409498, "title": "Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Diabetes and COVID-19 in Association With Glucose-Lowering Medication.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Chen, Yuchen", "Yang, Dong", "Cheng, Biao", "Chen, Jian", "Peng, Anlin", "Yang, Chen", "Liu, Chong", "Xiong, Mingrui", "Deng, Aiping", "Zhang, Yu", "Zheng, Ling", "Huang, Kun"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409498", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes is one of the most distinct comorbidities of COVID-19. Here, we describe the clinical characteristics of and outcomes in patients with diabetes in whom COVID-19 has been confirmed or clinically diagnosed (with typical features on lung imaging and symptoms), and their association with glucose-lowering or blood pressure-lowering medications. In this retrospective study involving 904 patients with COVID-19 (136 with diabetes, mostly type 2 diabetes), clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected and compared between the group with diabetes and the group without diabetes, and between groups taking different medications. Logistic regression was used in order to explore risk factors associated with mortality or poor prognosis. The proportion of comorbid diabetes is similar between cases of confirmed and of clinically diagnosed COVID-19. Risk factors for higher mortality of patients with diabetes and COVID-19 were older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.09 [95% CI 1.04, 1.15] per year increase; P = 0.001) and elevated C-reactive protein (aOR 1.12 [95% CI 1.00, 1.24]; P = 0.043). Insulin usage (aOR 3.58 [95% CI 1.37, 9.35]; P = 0.009) was associated with poor prognosis. Clinical outcomes of those who use an ACE inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin II type-I receptor blocker (ARB) were comparable with those of patients who do not use ACEI/ARB among patients with diabetes and hypertension who have COVID-19. C-reactive protein may help to identify patients with diabetes who are at greater risk of dying during hospitalization. Older patients with diabetes were prone to death related to COVID-19. Attention needs to be paid to patients with diabetes and COVID-19 who use insulin. ACEI/ARB use showed no significant impact on patients with diabetes and hypertension who have COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32310553, "title": "Ophthalmic Manifestations Of Coronavirus (COVID-19)", "journal": "StatPearls", "authors": ["Hu, Katherine", "Patel, Jay", "Patel, Bhupendra C."], "date": "2020-04-21T11:01:00Z", "_id": "32310553", "countries": ["China", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32397010, "pmcid": "PMC7272882", "title": "N95 respirator associated pressure ulcer amongst COVID-19 health care workers.", "journal": "Int Wound J", "authors": ["Lam, U-Nee", "Md Mydin Siddik, Nur Shazwani Farah", "Mohd Yussof, Shah Jumaat", "Ibrahim, Salina"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397010", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380858, "title": "Delivering healthcare remotely to cardiovascular patients during COVID-19: A rapid review of the evidence.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs", "authors": ["Neubeck, Lis", "Hansen, Tina", "Jaarsma, Tiny", "Klompstra, Leonie", "Gallagher, Robyn"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380858", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although attention is focused on addressing the acute situation created by the COVID-19 illness, it is imperative to continue our efforts to prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly during a period of prolonged social isolation which may limit physical activity, adversely affect mental health and reduce access to usual care. One option may be to deliver healthcare interventions remotely through digital healthcare solutions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to bring together the evidence for remote healthcare during a quarantine situation period to support people living with cardiovascular disease during COVID-19 isolation. The PubMed, CINAHL and Google Scholar were searched using telehealth OR digital health OR mHealth OR eHealth OR mobile apps AND COVID-19 OR quarantine search terms. We also searched for literature relating to cardiovascular disease AND quarantine. The literature search identified 45 potentially relevant publications, out of which nine articles were included. Three overarching themes emerged from this review: (1) preparing the workforce and ensuring reimbursement for remote healthcare, (2) supporting mental and physical health and (3) supporting usual care. To support people living with cardiovascular disease during COVID-19 isolation and to mitigate the effects of quarantine and adverse effect on mental and physical well-being, we should offer remote healthcare and provide access to their usual care."}, {"pmid": 32504363, "pmcid": "PMC7274564", "title": "Changing the Landscape of Medical Oncology Training at the National University Hospital in the Philippines during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Cancer Educ", "authors": ["Chua, Alfredo Jr", "Mendoza, Marvin Jonne", "Ando, Mark", "Planilla, Cyril Jonas", "Fernando, Gracieux", "Strebel, Heinrik Martin Jude", "Ignacio, Jorge"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504363", "countries": ["Philippines"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Serving as one of the few training institutions of medical oncology in the Philippines, the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital was faced with challenges brought by the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic. With the dismantling of routines and practices in the hospital, training activities such as daily rounds, conferences, and examinations were temporarily put on hold. Recognizing that the strength of any clinical training program is its wealth of patients, the immediate resumption of patient services, albeit limited at first, had been instrumental in ensuring the continuation of training in our institution. Opportunistic teaching-learning strategies between the faculty and fellows were devised. Innovative approaches to learning such as the use of online meeting platforms for division conferences, webinars, examinations, and other learning activities were initiated. Emphasis was given on the important considerations in the management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The emotional and psychological well-being of the faculty and fellows during this crisis were considered and a mental health assessment was conducted prior to the resumption of training activities."}, {"pmid": 32438687, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic during the Time of the Diabetes Pandemic: Likely Fraternal Twins?", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Cole, Shelley A", "Laviada-Molina, Hugo A", "Serres-Perales, Jeannette M", "Rodriguez-Ayala, Ernesto", "Bastarrachea, Raul A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438687", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An altered immune response to pathogens has been suggested to explain increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in patients with diabetes. Recent evidence has documented several immunometabolic pathways in patients with diabetes directly related to the COVID-19 infection. This also seems to be the case for prediabetic subjects with proinflammatory insulin resistance syndrome accompanied with prothrombotic hyperinsulinemic and dysglycemic states. Patients with frank hyperglycemia, dysglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia develop systemic immunometabolic inflammation with higher levels of circulating cytokines. This deleterious scenario has been proposed as the underlying mechanism enhancing a cytokine storm-like hyperinflammatory state in diabetics infected with severe COVID-19 triggering multi-organ failure. Compared with moderately affected COVID-19 patients, diabetes was found to be highly prevalent among severely affected patients suggesting that this non-communicable disease should be considered as a risk factor for adverse outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic mirrors with the diabetes pandemic in many pathobiological aspects. Our interest is to emphasize the ties between the immunoinflammatory mechanisms that underlie the morbidity and lethality when COVID-19 meets diabetes. This review brings attention to two pathologies of highly complex, multifactorial, developmental and environmentally dependent manifestations of critical importance to human survival. Extreme caution should be taken with diabetics with suspected symptoms of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32448333, "pmcid": "PMC7245630", "title": "Emergency general surgery in Italy during the COVID-19 outbreak: first survey from the real life.", "journal": "World J Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Patriti, Alberto", "Baiocchi, Gian Luca", "Catena, Fausto", "Marini, Pierluigi", "Catarci, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448333", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly spread in Italy in late February 2020. Almost all surgical services have been reorganized, with the aim of maintaining an adequate therapeutic path, especially for surgical emergencies. The knowledge of how surgeons dealing with emergency surgery have reacted to the epidemic in the real life can be useful while drafting clinical recommendations. Surgeons from multiple Italian regions were invited answering to an online survey in order to make a snapshot of their current behaviors towards COVID-19-positive patients bearing urgent surgical diseases. Questions about institutional rules and personal approach for patient treatment and to limit epidemic spread were included in a 37-item questionnaire. Seventy-one questionnaires from institutions dealing with emergency surgery were accepted. Participating surgeons were equally subdivided from a geographical point of view, with a large proportion of public (97.2%) and non-academical (91.5%) centers. In 80.3% of cases, the hospitals treated COVID-19 patients; in 69.1% of centers, a change in work plan was necessary, and 33.8% of teams had almost a surgeon infected or in preventive quarantine. The vast majority of surgeons operated only on urgent cases (73.9%), but the number of interventions significantly dropped. Up to 40% of non-traumatic abdominal emergency cases had an unusual delayed treatment. The laparoscopic approach was used in 69.6% of interventions on COVID-19 patients. Strategies to protect health care workers against COVID-19 infection and to identify asymptomatic infected surgeons were suboptimal with respect to the WHO recommendations in 70.4% and 90.2% of centers, respectively. Advanced personal protective equipment for operating room workers was adopted for all surgeries in only 12.7% of centers. This survey confirms that the COVID-19 outbreak is dramatically changing the practice of emergency surgery centers in Italy. Despite the reduction in number, urgent cases were on average more challenging owing to diagnostic delay. Recommendations from the International Scientific Societies are frequently not complied concerning the use of laparoscopic approach, the availability of personal protective equipment in the operating rooms, and the testing of both asymptomatic physicians and patients scheduled for surgery. A further evaluation of the short-term results of these attitudes is warranted to modulate international recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32302398, "pmcid": "PMC7188152", "title": "In Reply: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Huang, Xing", "Zhu, Wende", "Zhao, Hongyang", "Jiang, Xiaobing"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302398", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331217, "pmcid": "PMC7230457", "title": "Helmet CPAP to Treat Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure in Patients with COVID-19: A Management Strategy Proposal.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Radovanovic, Dejan", "Rizzi, Maurizio", "Pini, Stefano", "Saad, Marina", "Chiumello, Davide Alberto", "Santus, Pierachille"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331217", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of March 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused more than 13,000 deaths in Europe, almost 54% of which has occurred in Italy. The Italian healthcare system is experiencing a stressful burden, especially in terms of intensive care assistance. In fact, the main clinical manifestation of COVID-19 patients is represented by an acute hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, that in many cases, results in an acute respiratory distress syndrome and requires an invasive ventilator support. A precocious respiratory support with non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen should be avoided to limit the droplets' air-dispersion and the healthcare workers' contamination. The application of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) by means of a helmet can represent an effective alternative to recruit diseased alveolar units and improve hypoxemia. It can also limit the room contamination, improve comfort for the patients, and allow for better clinical assistance with long-term tolerability. However, the initiation of a CPAP is not free from pitfalls. It requires a careful titration and monitoring to avoid a delayed intubation. Here, we discuss the rationale and some important considerations about timing, criteria, and monitoring requirements for patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure requiring a CPAP treatment."}, {"pmid": 32433225, "title": "ACUTE INFLAMMATION AND ELEVATED CARDIAC MARKERS IN A TWO-MONTH-OLD INFANT WITH SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 INFECTION PRESENTING WITH CARDIAC SYMPTOMS.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Giacomet, Vania", "Manfredini, Valeria Anna", "Meraviglia, Giulia", "Peri, Caterina Francesca", "Sala, Anna", "Longoni, Emma", "Gasperetti, Alessio", "Stracuzzi, Marta", "Mannarino, Savina", "Zuccotti, Gian Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433225", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in children mainly shows a milder course. In complicated cases, it is unknown whether inflammation is predictive of disease severity, as in adults. Moreover, cardiac involvement is anecdotally described. We report the case of a 2-month-old infant with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection presenting with fever, tachycardia and elevated interleukin-6, who was diagnosed with myocarditis and treated with immunoglobulins."}, {"pmid": 32533847, "title": "An Illustration of SARS-CoV-2 Dissemination Within a Skilled Nursing Facility Using Heat Maps.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Blackman, Carolyn", "Farber, Sharon", "Feifer, Richard A", "Mor, Vincent", "White, Elizabeth M"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533847", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To illustrate dissemination and asymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during a skilled nursing facility (SNF) outbreak. Case report. Residents of a 150-bed SNF. Heat maps generated by the SNF's infection prevention team to track staff and resident symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 test results to identify infection patterns. The SNF experienced a severe outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 early in the pandemic. The initial cluster of residents with symptoms and the first confirmed case occurred on the SNF's dementia care unit. The insufficient availability and prolonged turnaround time of testing for both residents and staff at the outset of the outbreak prevented timely and accurate identification and cohorting of cases. Despite extensive other infection control measures being in place, SARS-CoV-2 disseminated widely through the facility within 3\u2009weeks of the first confirmed case, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Early, rapid, universal SARS-CoV-2 testing of both SNF residents and staff at the outset of an outbreak and then repeatedly thereafter is critical to mitigate viral transmission. This will become even more important as states relax stay-at-home orders and SNF staff intermingle with communities that are increasingly mobile. Increased testing will inevitably result in more staff testing positive and having to self-quarantine at home, meaning that states must partner with SNFs and other long-term care providers to coordinate and support strategic staffing reserves that can supplement current frontline staff."}, {"pmid": 32426231, "pmcid": "PMC7233233", "title": "An asplenic with life-threatening Capnocytophaga canimorsus sepsis.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Wendt, Ralph", "Schauff, Christian", "Lubbert, Christoph"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426231", "countries": ["Italy", "Poland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report on a 33-year old Polish truck driver who was admitted as a COVID-19 suspicion case to our hospital after a short stay in northern Italy and was eventually diagnosed with fulminant Capnocytophaga canimorsus sepsis. In retrospect, the patient always had his dog with him in the truck cab and was regularly licked in the face. Following adequate therapy, the patient recovered completely after 8 weeks and was discharged from the hospital in good general condition."}, {"pmid": 32359417, "pmcid": "PMC7252004", "title": "Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Eggo, Rosalind M", "Hellewell, Joel", "Funk, Sebastian"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359417", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343609, "title": "Reply to \"Clinical Features and Chest CT Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)\".", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Yang, Wenjie"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343609", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496234, "title": "Health systems preparedness during COVID-19 pandemic: China and India.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Baru, Rama V"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496234", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This commentary reviews the health systems preparedness during the COVID-19 epidemic in China and India. It provides insight into how nonmedical measures were employed to contain and control the epidemic in Wuhan which was the epicenter. The methods employed by the Chinese provided the roadmap for the countries as the epidemic became pandemic. It provides contrasts in health system preparedness between China and India."}, {"pmid": 32223697, "title": "Response to Wen and Li, Anesthesia Procedure of Emergency Operation for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 (DOI: 10.1089/sur.2020.040).", "journal": "Surg Infect (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Trujillo, Alexander"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223697", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504927, "title": "Periodontal pockets: A potential reservoir for SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Badran, Zahi", "Gaudin, Alexis", "Struillou, Xavier", "Amador, Gilles", "Soueidan, Assem"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504927", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Periodontal pockets are the major clinical manifestation of Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory oral disease affecting the teeth-supporting tissues and has high prevalence in the adult population. Periodontal pockets are ideal environments for subgingival bacterial biofilms, that interact with the supragingival oral cavity, mucosal tissues of the pocket and a peripheral circulatory system. Periodontal pockets have been found to harbor viral species such as the Herpes simplex viruses' family. Recently, the SARS-CoV-2 has gained major interest of the scientific/medical community as it caused a global pandemic (Covid-19) and paralyzed the globe with high figures of infected people worldwide. This virus behavior is still partially understood, and by analyzing some of its features we hypothesized that periodontal pocket could be a favorable anatomical niche for the virus and thus acting as a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32341622, "pmcid": "PMC7183968", "title": "Coronaviruses: origin and evolution.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Sen, Sourav", "Anand, Kavita Bala", "Karade, Santosh", "Gupta, R M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341622", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522400, "title": "Letter to the Editor on \"Bonafe M, Prattichizzo F, Giuliani A, Storci G, Sabbatinelli J, Olivieri F. Inflamm-aging: Why older men are the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 complicated outcomes. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev\".", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia", "Biasiotto, Giorgio", "Zanella, Isabella"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522400", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229605, "title": "Evaluation of Nucleocapsid and Spike Protein-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detecting Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Liu, Wanbing", "Liu, Lei", "Kou, Guomei", "Zheng, Yaqiong", "Ding, Yinjuan", "Ni, Wenxu", "Wang, Qiongshu", "Tan, Li", "Wu, Wanlei", "Tang, Shi", "Xiong, Zhou", "Zheng, Shangen"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229605", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, PCR-based nucleic acid detection cannot meet the demands for coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) diagnosis. Two hundred fourteen confirmed COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in the General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army between 18 January and 26 February 2020 were recruited. Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits based on recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid protein (rN) and spike protein (rS) were used for detecting IgM and IgG antibodies, and their diagnostic feasibility was evaluated. Among the 214 patients, 146 (68.2%) and 150 (70.1%) were successfully diagnosed with the rN-based IgM and IgG ELISAs, respectively; 165 (77.1%) and 159 (74.3%) were successfully diagnosed with the rS-based IgM and IgG ELISAs, respectively. The positive rates of the rN-based and rS-based ELISAs for antibody (IgM and/or IgG) detection were 80.4% and 82.2%, respectively. The sensitivity of the rS-based ELISA for IgM detection was significantly higher than that of the rN-based ELISA. We observed an increase in the positive rate for IgM and IgG with an increasing number of days post-disease onset (d.p.o.), but the positive rate of IgM dropped after 35 d.p.o. The positive rate of rN-based and rS-based IgM and IgG ELISAs was less than 60% during the early stage of the illness, 0 to 10 d.p.o., and that of IgM and IgG was obviously increased after 10 d.p.o. ELISA has a high sensitivity, especially for the detection of serum samples from patients after 10 d.p.o., so it could be an important supplementary method for COVID-19 diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32485488, "pmcid": "PMC7255192", "title": "Prevalence and predictors of PTSD during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a Tunisian community sample.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Fekih-Romdhane, Feten", "Ghrissi, Farah", "Abbassi, Bouthaina", "Cherif, Wissal", "Cheour, Majda"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485488", "countries": ["Tunisia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368800, "pmcid": "PMC7267342", "title": "Otolaryngology Resident Practices and Perceptions in the Initial Phase of the U.S. COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["Cai, Yi", "Jiam, Nicole T", "Wai, Katherine C", "Shuman, Elizabeth A", "Roland, Lauren T", "Chang, Jolie L"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368800", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had widespread implications on clinical practice at U.S. hospitals. These changes are particularly relevant to otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) residents because reports suggest an increased risk of contracting COVID-19 for otolaryngologists. The objectives of this study were to evaluate OHNS residency program practice changes and characterize resident perceptions during the initial phase of the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey of U.S. OHNS residents at 81 programs was conducted between March 23, 2020, and March 29, 2020. Eighty-two residents from 51 institutions (63% of invited programs) responded. At the time of survey, 98% of programs had enacted policy changes to minimize COVID-19 spread. These included filtered respirator use for aerosol-generating procedures even in COVID-19-negative patients (85%), decreased resident staffing of surgeries (70%), and reduced frequency of tracheotomy care (61%). The majority of residents (66%) perceived that residents were at higher risk of contracting COVID-19 compared to attendings. Residents were most concerned about protective equipment shortage (93%) and transmitting COVID-19 to patients (90%). The majority of residents (73%) were satisfied with their department's COVID-19 response. Resident satisfaction correlated with comfort level in discussing concerns with attendings (r = 0.72, P\u2009<\u2009.00001) and inversely correlated with perceptions of increased risk compared to attendings (r = -0.52, P\u2009<\u2009.00001). U.S. OHNS residency programs implemented policy changes quickly in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Sources of resident anxieties demonstrate the importance of open communication and an integrated team approach to facilitate optimal patient and provider care during this unprecedented crisis. 4. Laryngoscope, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32408994, "pmcid": "PMC7161489", "title": "Diagnostic Delay During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Liver Abscess Secondary to Acute Lithiasic Cholecystitis.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Garcia Virosta, Mariana", "Ortega, Irene", "Ferrero, Esther", "Picardo, Antonio Luis"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408994", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232217, "pmcid": "PMC7092922", "title": "Risks of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Pregnancy; a Narrative Review.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Panahi, Latif", "Amiri, Marzieh", "Pouy, Somaye"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232217", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the new Coronavirus in China in December 2019 and subsequently in various countries around the world has raised concerns about the possibility of vertical transmission of the virus from mother to fetus. The present study aimed to review published literature in this regard. In this narrative review, were searched for all articles published in various databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Science using MeSH-compliant keywords including COVID-19, Pregnancy, Vertical transmission, Coronavirus 2019, SARS-CoV-2 and 2019-nCoV from December 2019 to March 18, 2020 and reviewed them. All type of articles published about COVID-19 and vertical transmission in pregnancy were included. A review of 13 final articles published in this area revealed that COVID-19 can cause fetal distress, miscarriage, respiratory distress and preterm delivery in pregnant women but does not infect newborns. There has been no report of vertical transmission in pregnancy, and it has been found that clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in pregnant women are not different from those of non-pregnant women. Overall, due to lack of appropriate data about the effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy, it is necessary to monitor suspected pregnant women before and after delivery. For confirmed cases both the mother and the newborn child should be followed up comprehensively."}, {"pmid": 32444874, "title": "Dynamic viral SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in in children: preliminary data and clinical consideration of Italian regional center.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["De Ioris, Maria A", "Scarselli, Alessia", "Ciofi Degli Atti, Marta L", "Rava, Lucilla", "Smarrazzo, Andrea", "Concato, Carlo", "Romani, Lorenza", "Scrocca, Raffaella", "Geremia, Caterina", "Carletti, Michaela", "Calo Carducci, Francesca I", "Bernardi, Stefania", "Coltella, Luana", "Santilli, Veronica", "Chiurchiu, Sara", "Peschiaroli, Emanuela", "Mariani, Rosanna", "Marabotto, Caterina", "Perrotta, Daniela", "Villani, Alberto", "Rossi, Paolo", "D'Argenio, Patrizia", "Campana, Andrea", "Raponi, Massimiliano"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444874", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We evaluated SARS-CoV-2-RNA clearance in 22 children . The estimation of positivity at day 14 from symptom onset is 52% for nasopharyngeal swab and 31% for stool swab. These data underline the significance of nasopharyngeal and stool swab for detecting infected children; further studies are needed for transmissibility."}, {"pmid": 32308235, "pmcid": "PMC7144717", "title": "Saint Louis University School of Medicine and Vaccine Center Mobilize for COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Mo Med", "authors": ["Wilmott, Robert W"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308235", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503856, "title": "Telemedicine: a useful tool but not the holy grail. Response to: 'Telemedicine will not keep us apart in the COVID-19 pandemic' by Perniola et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Bozzalla Cassione, Emanuele", "Zanframundo, Giovanni", "Biglia, Alessandro", "Codullo, Veronica", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio", "Cavagna, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503856", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32074786, "title": "[Treatment strategy for gastrointestinal tumor under the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Y H", "Peng, J S"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32074786", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has become a public health emergency in China. Chinese authorities and health agencies had devoted great efforts to control this disease. As surgeons specialized in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors, we should always be aware of the prevention for NCP and incorporate this awareness into every detail of clinical practice. For the patients with gastrointestinal tumors, pre-admission screening should be done in order to rule out NCP. Real-time RT-PCR panel and chest CT scan should be conducted for patients with fever (>37.3\u2103), travel history to Hubei Province within 14 days, or contact history with residents from Wuhan district within 14 days. Prevention measures for both medical staffs and the screen-negative admitted patients should also be enhanced because false negative is possible. Medical instruments should be properly discarded or disinfected according to standardized procedures established by the local center for disease control and prevention (CDC). Surgical operation should be reduced at a minimal level to prevent cross infection in this special period.Surgical intervention for benign tumor should be postponed. For malignant tumor, multidisciplinary therapy (MDT) is recommended and non-surgical anti-tumor therapy should be selected with higher priority. Neoadjuvant therapy is highly recommended for gastrointestinal cancer at advanced stages that meet the indications of NCCN guideline (gastric cancer T stage \u2265 2/rectal cancer T stage \u2265 3/unresectable colon cancer). Gastric or esophagogastricjunction (EGJ) malignant tumor with obstruction can be managed with gastric tube decompression or stent placement to relieve the symptoms. Transnasal enteral feeding tube intubation/percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy could be adopted to ensure enteral nutrition supply. For colorectal malignancy with simple intestinal obstruction, stent placement can achieve a high success rate, which not only helps avoid emergency surgery, but also creates a better condition for subsequent surgery. Transcatheter arterial embolization for hemostasis is an alternative choice for gastrointestinal tumor with bleeding. However, emergency operation still must be performed for patients with acute uncontrolled bleeding, obstruction or after other alternative treatment measures fail. All cases with suspicious or confirmed with NCP must be reported to the local CDC department. All invasive intervention must be performed in a designated isolation area. Tertiary prevention measure must be adopted for all anesthetists with additional face mask or medical goggle protection to prevent respiratory droplet transmission. Preventive enterostomy is preferable in lower digestive tract surgery. Thoroughly disinfecting the operating room after surgery is necessary. Fever after surgery must be carefully differentiated whether it's caused by post-surgery abdominal infection/inflammation or NCP. Single-room isolation and related examinations should be performed according to the standard procedures. We believe that with the unprecedentedly joint efforts of doctors and patients, we will eventually win this war against NCP."}, {"pmid": 32437648, "pmcid": "PMC7234792", "title": "Delayed diagnosis of COVID-19 in a 34-year-old man with atypical presentation.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Harkin, Timothy J", "Rurak, Kevin M", "Martins, John", "Eber, Corey", "Szporn, Arnold H", "Beasley, Mary Beth"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437648", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217834, "title": "SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Pedersen, Savannah F", "Ho, Ya-Chi"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217834", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is rapidly spreading across the globe. In this issue of the JCI, Chen and colleagues compared the clinical and immunological characteristics between moderate and severe COVID-19. The authors found that respiratory distress on admission is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Increased cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-\u03b1), lymphopenia (in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), and decreased IFN-\u03b3 expression in CD4+ T cells are associated with severe COVID-19. Overall, this study characterized the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 and provides insights into immune therapeutics and vaccine design."}, {"pmid": 32389133, "pmcid": "PMC7248593", "title": "Regional difference in the rate of spread of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Tanabe, Kazuhiro", "Sasaki, Katsuhiko", "Igami, Ko", "Kamioka, Kazuyuki"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389133", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458535, "pmcid": "PMC7267136", "title": "Store-and-forward Teledermatology in the era of COVID-19: A Pilot Study.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Cartron, Alexander M", "Rismiller, Kyle", "Trinidad, John C L"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301805, "pmcid": "PMC7188025", "title": "COVID-19 & the General Surgical Department - Measures to Reduce Spread of SARS-COV-2 Among Surgeons.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Yeo, Danson", "Yeo, Charleen", "Kaushal, Sanghvi", "Tan, Glenn"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301805", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389101, "title": "Qua pote quisque, in ea conterat arte diem: COVID-19 and Australian and New Zealand intensive care.", "journal": "Crit Care Resusc", "authors": ["Udy, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389101", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380044, "pmcid": "PMC7196905", "title": "Obesity could shift severe COVID-19 disease to younger ages.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Kass, David A", "Duggal, Priya", "Cingolani, Oscar"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380044", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455168, "pmcid": "PMC7238723", "title": "When predictions are used to allocate scarce health care resources: three considerations for models in the era of Covid-19.", "journal": "Diagn Progn Res", "authors": ["Kent, David M", "Paulus, Jessica K", "Sharp, Richard R", "Hajizadeh, Negin"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455168", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The need for life-saving interventions such as mechanical ventilation may threaten to outstrip resources during the Covid-19 pandemic. Allocation of these resources to those most likely to benefit can be supported by clinical prediction models. The ethical and practical considerations relevant to predictions supporting decisions about microallocation are distinct from those that inform shared decision-making in ways important for model design. We review three issues of importance for microallocation: (1) Prediction of benefit (or of medical futility) may be technically very challenging; (2) When resources are scarce, calibration is less important for microallocation than is ranking to prioritize patients, since capacity determines thresholds for resource utilization; (3) The concept of group fairness, which is not germane in shared decision-making, is of central importance in microallocation. Therefore, model transparency is important. Prediction supporting allocation of life-saving interventions should be explicit, data-driven, frequently updated and open to public scrutiny. This implies a preference for simple, easily understood and easily applied prognostic models."}, {"pmid": 32425698, "pmcid": "PMC7229742", "title": "Will the Colombian intensive care units collapse due to the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Diaz-Guio, Diego Andres", "Villamil-Gomez, Wilmer E", "Dajud, Luis", "Perez-Diaz, Carlos E", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Mondragon-Cardona, Alvaro", "Cardona-Ospina, Jaime A", "Gomez, Jose F", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425698", "countries": ["Colombia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32119961, "pmcid": "PMC7089605", "title": "Anti-HCV, nucleotide inhibitors, repurposing against COVID-19.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Elfiky, Abdo A"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119961", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A newly emerged Human Coronavirus (HCoV) is reported two months ago in Wuhan, China (COVID-19). Until today >2700 deaths from the 80,000 confirmed cases reported mainly in China and 40 other countries. Human to human transmission is confirmed for COVID-19 by China a month ago. Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, SARS HCoV is responsible for >8000 cases with confirmed 774 deaths. Additionally, MERS HCoV is responsible for 858 deaths out of about 2500 reported cases. The current study aims to test anti-HCV drugs against COVID-19 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). In this study, sequence analysis, modeling, and docking are used to build a model for Wuhan COVID-19 RdRp. Additionally, the newly emerged Wuhan HCoV RdRp model is targeted by anti-polymerase drugs, including the approved drugs Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin. The results suggest the effectiveness of Sofosbuvir, IDX-184, Ribavirin, and Remidisvir as potent drugs against the newly emerged HCoV disease. The present study presents a perfect model for COVID-19 RdRp enabling its testing in silico against anti-polymerase drugs. Besides, the study presents some drugs that previously proved its efficiency against the newly emerged viral infection."}, {"pmid": 32247898, "pmcid": "PMC7270771", "title": "Unknown unknowns - COVID-19 and potential global mortality.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Grech, Victor"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247898", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently a global pandemic. This paper will attempt to estimate global infection rates and potential resultant mortality in the absence of effective treatment and/or vaccination. Calculations are based on World Health Organisation data from Wuhan in China: 14% of infected cases are severe, 5% require intensive care and 4% die. Estimated infection rates and mortality rates at the level of continents and some individual countries (when these are of sufficient size) are tabulated. This pandemic may cause close to half a billion deaths, i.e. 6% of the global population - and potentially more. At the risk of sounding sensational, but with a sober sense of realism, healthcare risks being plunged into the Middle-Ages if the public do not do their part. Infection cannot occur in the absence of contact. The only way to mitigate these numbers is to apply social distancing and take the standard precautions so frequently reiterated by Public Health: hand washing, avoid touching the face and so on. These measures are crucial as the human cost is going to be unthinkable even in the best-case scenarios that epidemiologists are modelling."}, {"pmid": 32458021, "pmcid": "PMC7250539", "title": "Safety and Efficacy of Bedside Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in the COVID-19 Era: Initial Experience at a New York City Hospital.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Vigiola Cruz, Mariana", "Bellorin, Omar", "Srivatana, Vesh", "Afaneh, Cheguevara"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458021", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) is common in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Unparalleled numbers of patients with AKI and shortage of dialysis machines and operative resources prompted consideration of expanded use of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (PD) and evaluation of the safety and efficacy of bedside surgical placement of PD catheters. Bedside, open PD catheter insertions were performed in early April 2020, at a large academic center in New York City. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and AKI and ambulatory patients with chronic kidney disease and impending need for RRT were included. Detailed surgical technique is described. Fourteen catheters were placed at the bedside over 2\u00a0weeks, 11 in critically ill COVID-19 patients and three in ambulatory patients. Mean patient age was 61.9\u00a0years (43-83), and mean body mass index was 27.1 (20-37.6); four patients had prior abdominal surgery. All catheters were placed successfully without routine radiographic studies or intraoperative complications. One patient (7%) experienced primary nonfunction of the catheter requiring HD. One patient had limited intraperitoneal bleeding while anticoagulated, which was managed by mechanical compression of the abdominal wall and temporarily holding anticoagulation. All other catheters had an adequate function at 3-18\u00a0days of follow-up. Bedside placement of PD catheters is safe and effective in ICU and outpatient clinic settings. Our surgical protocols allowed for optimization of critical hospital resources, minimization of hazardous exposure to healthcare providers and a broader application of urgent-start PD in selected patients. Long-term follow-up is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32402576, "pmcid": "PMC7190501", "title": "Oxidative Stress as Key Player in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Infection.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Delgado-Roche, Livan", "Mesta, Fernando"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402576", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of viral respiratory pathogens with pandemic potential, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the pathogenic agent of Covid-19, represent a serious health problem worldwide. Respiratory viral infections are, in general, associated with cytokine production, inflammation, cell death, and other pathophysiological processes, which could be link with a redox imbalance or oxidative stress. These phenomena are substantially increased during aging. Actually, severity and mortality risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or Covid-19 disease have been associated with the age. The aim of the present work was to contribute with the understanding of the possible link between oxidative stress and the pathogenesis, severity and mortality risk in patients affected by SARS-CoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32407971, "pmcid": "PMC7214310", "title": "Keeping on the High Quality of Health Care in Greek Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients in the SARS-CoV-2 Era.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Foteinogiannopoulou, Kalliopi", "Orfanoudaki, Eleni", "Koutroubakis, Ioannis E"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407971", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531079, "title": "Urticaria in the times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kaushik, Akanksha", "Parsad, Davinder", "Kumaran, Muthu Sendhil"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531079", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342098, "pmcid": "PMC7197538", "title": "Case Report of a SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis on Tofacitinib.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Jacobs, Jeffrey", "Clark-Snustad, Kindra", "Lee, Scott"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342098", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513453, "title": "Defending the front lines during the COVID-19 pandemic: Protecting our first responders and emergency medical service personnel.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ehrlich, Haley", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513453", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340047, "title": "[Psychosocial Impact of Quarantine Measures During Serious Coronavirus Outbreaks: A Rapid Review].", "journal": "Psychiatr Prax", "authors": ["Rohr, Susanne", "Muller, Felix", "Jung, Franziska", "Apfelbacher, Christian", "Seidler, Andreas", "Riedel-Heller, Steffi G"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340047", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Review of the evidence on the psychosocial impact of quarantine measures during serious coronavirus outbreaks before COVID-19.\u200aSuch information is highly relevant in regard to the COVID-19 pandemic. Search of the MEDLINE database for relevant studies related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks. Across 13 identified studies, quarantine measures were consistently associated with negative psychosocial outcomes, including depressive symptoms, anxiety, anger, stress, posttraumatic stress, social isolation, loneliness and stigmatization. Determinants comprised duration of quarantine measures and income losses. Health care workers constituted a particularly vulnerable group. Quarantine measures during serious coronavirus outbreaks have extensive negative consequences for mental health. Prevention and intervention approaches to attenuate the psychosocial impact should be an integral component of crisis response during pandemic conditions."}, {"pmid": 32425714, "pmcid": "PMC7229468", "title": "Minimal Access Gardening: Laparoscopic techniques during COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Ma, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425714", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To demonstrate techniques of laparoscopic surgery while all elective procedures are suspended. Stepwise demonstration of key skills required when gardening with minimal access techniques. Gynaecologist residence in self-isolation, Manchester, United Kingdom. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, elective operations are currently suspended in the United Kingdom. In addition there has been concerns regarding the safety of laparoscopic surgery and risk of transmission of COVID-19.1,2 As a result laparoscopic surgeons are at risk of skill deterioration and it is uncertain whether this may impact on patient safety when lockdown measures are de-escalated."}, {"pmid": 32398625, "title": "Coincidence of COVID-19 Infection and Smell: Taste Perception Disorders.", "journal": "J Craniofac Surg", "authors": ["Cetinkaya, Erdem Atalay"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398625", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many reports by physicians and patients during the 2019 to 2020 pandemic indicate that COVID-19 is associated with elevated levels of odor and taste perception disorders (anosmia, hyposmia, ageusia, and/or dysgeusia). Recent increase in olfactory dysfunction in patients referred to ear nose and throat clinics and COVID-19 infection at the same time encouraged us to examine anosmic/hyposmic patients to establish any association between these signs. It has been shown that the COVID-19 virus exploits the uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor to obtain cell entry. This result increases the interest to examine the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in neurological tissue, and to assess the possible contribution of damage. This mini review provides fundamental knowledge on coincidence of COVID-19 infection and smell-taste perception disorders from an objective perspective."}, {"pmid": 32492212, "title": "Retest positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA of \"recovered\" patients with COVID-19: Persistence, sampling issues, or re-infection?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kang, Hanyujie", "Wang, Yishan", "Tong, Zhaohui", "Liu, Xuefeng"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492212", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\"Retest Positive\" for severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from \"recovered\" coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been reported and raised several important questions for this novel coronavirus and COVID-19 disease. In this commentary, we discussed several questions: (a)\u00a0Can SARS-CoV-2 re-infect the individuals who recovered from COVID-19? This question is also associated with other questions: whether or not SARS-CoV-2 infection induces protective reaction or neutralized antibody? Will SARS-CoV-2 vaccines work? (b) Why could some recovered patients with COVID-19 be re-tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA? (c) Are some recovered pwith atients COVID-19 with re-testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA infectious? and (d) How should the COVID-19 patients with retest positive for SARS-CoV-2 be managed?"}, {"pmid": 32215590, "title": "Turbulent Gas Clouds and Respiratory Pathogen Emissions: Potential Implications for Reducing Transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bourouiba, Lydia"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215590", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423700, "pmcid": "PMC7205727", "title": "Difficulty of downscaling the precautions for coronavirus disease-19 based on negative throat polymerase chain results in the early phase of infection.", "journal": "J Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Suzuki, Tetsuya", "Kutsuna, Satoshi", "Nakamura, Keiji", "Ide, Satoshi", "Moriyama, Yuki", "Saito, Sho", "Morioka, Shinichiro", "Ishikane, Masahiro", "Kinoshita, Noriko", "Hayakawa, Kayoko", "Ohmagari, Norio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423700", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We here report a case of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in Japan in which the initial throat swab polymerase chain reaction result was negative The possibility of false-negative results in the early phase of disease suggest reconsideration of the feasibility of a community or national infection control framework to prevent transmission. We recommend establishing an alternative feasible system, such as self-isolation by contact history in non-endemic community and by symptoms in endemic community, not relying on the PCR examination, to minimize this ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. Further rapid accumulation of knowledge including incubation period, clinical course and types of transmission is warranted to control this outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32461330, "title": "Impact of cardiovascular disease and cardiac injury on in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Li, Xintao", "Guan, Bo", "Su, Tong", "Liu, Wei", "Chen, Mengyao", "Bin Waleed, Khalid", "Guan, Xumin", "Gary, Tse", "Zhu, Zhenyan"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461330", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has produced a significant health burden worldwide, especially in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of underlying cardiovascular comorbidities and acute cardiac injury on in-hospital mortality risk. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for publications that reported the relationship of underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension and myocardial injury with in-hospital fatal outcomes in patients with COVID-19. The ORs were extracted and pooled. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. A total of 10 studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including eight studies for CVD, seven for hypertension and eight for acute cardiac injury. The presence of CVD and hypertension was associated with higher odds of in-hospital mortality (unadjusted OR 4.85, 95% CI 3.07 to 7.70; I2=29%; unadjusted OR 3.67, 95%\u2009CI 2.31 to 5.83; I2=57%, respectively). Acute cardiac injury was also associated with a higher unadjusted odds of 21.15 (95%\u2009CI 10.19 to 43.94; I2=71%). COVID-19 patients with underlying cardiovascular comorbidities, including CVD and hypertension, may face a greater risk of fatal outcomes. Acute cardiac injury may act as a marker of mortality risk. Given the unadjusted results of our meta-analysis, future research are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32490932, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic as a Driver for Spreading Virtual Care Globally: The Future Starts Now.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Denadai, Rafael"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490932", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222253, "pmcid": "PMC7201125", "title": "COVID-19: lessons from the Italian reproductive medical experience.", "journal": "Fertil Steril", "authors": ["La Marca, Antonio", "Niederberger, Craig", "Pellicer, Antonio", "Nelson, Scott M"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222253", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304642, "pmcid": "PMC7159872", "title": "COVID-19 in patients with HIV: clinical case series.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Blanco, Jose L", "Ambrosioni, Juan", "Garcia, Felipe", "Martinez, Esteban", "Soriano, Alex", "Mallolas, Josep", "Miro, Jose M"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304642", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382119, "title": "How do children spread the coronavirus? The science still isn't clear.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382119", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32131906, "pmcid": "PMC7184141", "title": "Protecting Chinese healthcare workers while combating the 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Zhou, Pengcheng", "Huang, Zebing", "Xiao, Yinzong", "Huang, Xun", "Fan, Xue-Gong"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32131906", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407299, "title": "Identification and Monitoring of International Travelers During the Initial Phase of an Outbreak of COVID-19 - California, February 3-March 17, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Myers, Jennifer F", "Snyder, Robert E", "Porse, Charsey Cole", "Tecle, Selam", "Lowenthal, Phil", "Danforth, Mary E", "Powers, Edward", "Kamali, Amanda", "Jain, Seema", "Fritz, Curtis L", "Chai, Shua J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407299", "countries": ["United States", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The threat of introduction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) into the United States with the potential for community transmission prompted U.S. federal officials in February 2020 to screen travelers from China, and later Iran, and collect and transmit their demographic and contact information to states for follow-up. During February 5-March 17, 2020, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) received and transmitted contact information for 11,574 international travelers to 51 of 61 local health jurisdictions at a cost of 1,694 hours of CDPH personnel time. If resources permitted, local health jurisdictions contacted travelers, interviewed them, and oversaw 14 days of quarantine, self-monitoring, or both, based on CDC risk assessment criteria for COVID-19. Challenges encountered during follow-up included errors in the recording of contact information and variation in the availability of resources in local health jurisdictions to address the substantial workload. Among COVID-19 patients reported to CDPH, three matched persons previously reported as travelers to CDPH. Despite intensive effort, the traveler screening system did not effectively prevent introduction of COVID-19 into California. Effectiveness of COVID-19 screening and monitoring in travelers to California was limited by incomplete traveler information received by federal officials and transmitted to states, the number of travelers needing follow-up, and the potential for presymptomatic and asymptomatic transmission. More efficient methods of collecting and transmitting passenger data, including electronic provision of flight manifests by airlines to federal officials and flexible text-messaging tools, would help local health jurisdictions reach out to all at-risk travelers quickly, thereby facilitating timely testing, case identification, and contact investigations. State and local health departments should weigh the resources needed to implement incoming traveler monitoring against community mitigation activities, understanding that the priorities of each might shift during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32219362, "title": "Association of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With Myocardial Injury and Mortality.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Bonow, Robert O", "Fonarow, Gregg C", "O'Gara, Patrick T", "Yancy, Clyde W"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219362", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517463, "title": "Impact of Spanish Public Health Measures on Emergency Visits and COVID- 19 diagnosed cases during the pandemic in Madrid.", "journal": "Rev Esp Quimioter", "authors": ["Martin-Sanchez, F J", "Valls Carbo, A", "Lopez Picado, A", "Martinez-Valero, C", "Miranda, J D", "Leal Pozuleo, J M", "Gonzalez Del Castillo, J"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517463", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Changes in Public Health recommendations may have changed the number of emergency visits and COVID-19 diagnosed cases in an Emergency Department in Madrid. This retrospective case series study included all consecutive patients in a tertiary and urban ED in Madrid from 1st to 31st March. The sample was divided: NonCOVID-19, Non-investigated COVID-19, Possible COVID-19, Probable COVID-19, Confirmed COVID-19. Differences between public health periods were tested by ANOVA for each cohort, and by ANCOVA including the number of PCR tests (%) as covariate. A total of 7,163 (4,071 Non-COVID-19, 563 Non-investigated COVID-19, 870 Possible, 648 Probable and 1,011 Confirmed COVID-19) cases were included. Public Health measurements applied during each period showed a clear effect on the case proportion for the five cohorts. The variability of case definitions and diagnostic test criteria may have impact on the number of emergency visits and COVID-19 diagnosed cases in Emergency Department."}, {"pmid": 32495979, "title": "Emergence of novel coronavirus and progress toward treatment and vaccine.", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Khan, Muhammad Muzamil", "Noor, Amna", "Madni, Asadullah", "Shafiq, Mudassir"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495979", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, a group of patients was observed with pneumonia-like symptoms that were linked with a wet market in Wuhan, China. The patients were found to have a novel coronavirus genetically related to a bat coronavirus that was termed SARS-CoV-2. The virus gradually spread worldwide and was declared a pandemic by WHO. Scientists have started trials on potential preventive and treatment options. Currently, there is no specific approved treatment for SARS-CoV-2, and various clinical trials are underway to explore better treatments. Some previously approved antiviral and other drugs have shown some in vitro activity. Here we summarize the fight against this novel coronavirus with particular focus on the different treatment options and clinical trials exploring treatment as well as work done toward development of vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32406985, "pmcid": "PMC7261975", "title": "Interleukin-6 receptor antagonist therapy to treat SARS-CoV-2 driven inflammatory syndrome in a kidney transplant recipient.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Allam, Sridhar R", "Dao, Ann", "Madhrira, Machaiah M", "Antiporta, Philip B", "Nair, Ranjit R", "Guiteau, Jacfranz J", "Reyad, Ashraf I"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406985", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362453, "pmcid": "PMC7177088", "title": "Reshaping head and neck reconstruction policy during the COVID-19 pandemic peak: Experience in a front-line institution.", "journal": "Auris Nasus Larynx", "authors": ["Rampinelli, Vittorio", "Mattavelli, Davide", "Gualtieri, Tommaso", "Paderno, Alberto", "Taboni, Stefano", "Berretti, Giulia", "Deganello, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362453", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424481, "pmcid": "PMC7232601", "title": "Stages or phenotypes? A critical look at COVID-19 pathophysiology.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Jain, Amit", "Doyle, D John"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424481", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526039, "title": "Poor outcome and prolonged persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19 patients with haematological malignancies; King's College Hospital experience.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Shah, Vallari", "Ko Ko, Thinzar", "Zuckerman, Mark", "Vidler, Jennifer", "Sharif, Sobia", "Mehra, Varun", "Gandhi, Shreyans", "Kuhnl, Andrea", "Yallop, Deborah", "Avenoso, Daniele", "Rice, Carmel", "Sanderson, Robin", "Sarma, Anita", "Marsh, Judith", "de Lavallade, Hugues", "Krishnamurthy, Pramila", "Patten, Piers", "Benjamin, Reuben", "Potter, Victoria", "Ceesay, M Mansour", "Mufti, Ghulam J", "Norton, Sam", "Pagliuca, Antonio", "Galloway, James", "Kulasekararaj, Austin G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526039", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged at the end of 2019 and caused an infection named COVID-19 (Guan, Ni et al. 2020). Patients with compromised immune systems are at increased risk of complications but this risk is not precisely defined (Liang, Guan et al. 2020). Although age, gender, comorbidities and ethnicity are risk factors for adverse outcomes (Huang, Wang et al. 2020), various pre-existing conditions, including haematological cancers, have also been reported to correlate with poor outcomes (Aries, Davies et al. 2020, He, Chen et al. 2020, Malard, Genthon et al. 2020, Martin-Moro, Marquet et al. 2020, medRxiv 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32386670, "pmcid": "PMC7252051", "title": "A new modification of a visor mask for use with a head-light and loupes.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Barraclough, J", "Parmar, J"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386670", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295786, "title": "Festina lente: hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19 and the role of the rheumatologist.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Graef, Elizabeth R", "Liew, Jean W", "Putman, Michael S", "Simard, Julia F", "Sirotich, Emily", "Berenbaum, Francis", "Duarte-Garcia, Ali", "Grainger, Rebecca", "Harrison, Carly", "Konig, Maximilian F", "Korsten, Peter", "Proulx, Laurie", "Richards, Dawn P", "Robinson, Philip C", "Sattui, Sebastian E", "Ugarte-Gil, Manuel Francisco", "Young, Kristen J", "Kim, Alfred Hj", "Sparks, Jeffrey A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295786", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366774, "pmcid": "PMC7202122", "title": "Application of Lung Ultrasound during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Convissar, David", "Gibson, Lauren E", "Berra, Lorenzo", "Bittner, Edward A", "Chang, Marvin G"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366774", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review highlights the ultrasound findings reported from a number of studies and case reports and discusses the unifying findings from COVID-19 patients as well as from the avian (H7N9) and H1N1 influenza epidemics. We discuss the potential role for portable point-of-care ultrasound (PPOCUS) as a safe and effective bedside option in the initial evaluation, management, and monitoring of disease progression in patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32423553, "pmcid": "PMC7211701", "title": "Angiotensin converting enzyme: A review on expression profile and its association with human disorders with special focus on SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Vascul Pharmacol", "authors": ["Ghafouri-Fard, Soudeh", "Noroozi, Rezvan", "Omrani, Mir Davood", "Branicki, Wojciech", "Pospiech, Ewelina", "Sayad, Arezou", "Pyrc, Krzysztof", "Labaj, Pawel P", "Vafaee, Reza", "Taheri, Mohammad", "Sanak, Marek"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423553", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and its homologue, ACE2, have been mostly associated with hypertensive disorder. However, recent pandemia of SARS-CoV-2 has put these proteins at the center of attention, as this virus has been shown to exploit ACE2 protein to enter cells. Clear difference in the response of affected patients to this virus has urged researchers to find the molecular basis and pathophysiology of the cell response to this virus. Different levels of expression and function of ACE proteins, underlying disorders, consumption of certain medications and the existence of certain genomic variants within ACE genes are possible explanations for the observed difference in the response of individuals to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the current review, we discuss the putative mechanisms for this observation."}, {"pmid": 32473497, "pmcid": "PMC7241308", "title": "Increasing global awareness of timely COVID-19 healthcare guidelines through FPV training tutorials: Portable public health crises teaching method.", "journal": "Nurse Educ Today", "authors": ["Ros, Maxime", "Neuwirth, Lorenz S"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a timely response from the healthcare system train a large and diverse group of healthcare workers/responders swiftly. In order to address this need, we created a downloadable pedagogical video content through first-person point-of-view to rapidly train users on COVID-19 procedures in the Revinax\u00ae Handbook mobile App. Eight new tutorials were designed through this technology platform to assist healthcare workers/responders caring for COVID-19 patients. A survey was then sent to assess their interest. In one-month since the App was created, it was downloaded by 12,516 users and a feedback survey determined that the users valued the tutorials in helping them learn COVID-19 procedures efficiently in real-time. The fast-growing number of downloads and positive user feedback evidences that we created a valuable educational tool with an emergent- and growing-demand. The 71.48% App user response rate, showed largely positive feedback of the COVID-19 tutorial. The fact that these healthcare workers/responders took the time to complete the survey during a pandemic was indicative of its immediate value. Further, the App users indicated that they FPV tutorial was rather helpful in addressing their training needs regarding their roles in COVID-19 patient care during the pandemic. The tutorials were deployed to offer efficient and rapid global public health educational outreach as a tool to address COVID-19 healthcare training in a timely manner."}, {"pmid": 32494532, "pmcid": "PMC7263711", "title": "Anosmia and Ageusia as the Only Indicators of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Zhang, Qian", "Shan, Khine S", "Abdollahi, Shahrzad", "Nace, Travis"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494532", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The patient is a 60-year-old woman with a history of vertigo and seasonal allergies who presented to the hospital with the chief complaint of headache. Radiological findings were negative for intracranial abnormalities. The headache was due to trigeminal neuralgia. She had concurrent complaints of anosmia and ageusia without fever, respiratory symptoms, or obvious risk factors. However, it was determined to test the patient for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection despite extremely low clinical suspicion. Unfortunately, she was found to be COVID-19 positive after she was discharged from the hospital while she remained asymptomatic. There is currently a lack of published case reports describing COVID-19 patients with the sole symptoms of anosmia and ageusia in the United States of America."}, {"pmid": 32370561, "title": "Multi-tiered screening and diagnosis strategy for COVID-19: a model for sustainable testing capacity in response to pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Med", "authors": ["Pulia, Michael S", "O'Brien, Terrence P", "Hou, Peter C", "Schuman, Andrew", "Sambursky, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370561", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by novel enveloped single stranded RNA coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for an ongoing global pandemic. While other countries deployed widespread testing as an early mitigation strategy, the U.S. experienced delays in development and deployment of organism identification assays. As such, there is uncertainty surrounding disease burden and community spread, severely hampering containment efforts. COVID-19 illuminates the need for a tiered diagnostic approach to rapidly identify clinically significant infections and reduce disease spread. Without the ability to efficiently screen patients, hospitals are overwhelmed, potentially delaying treatment for other emergencies. A multi-tiered, diagnostic strategy incorporating a rapid host immune response assay as a screening test, molecular confirmatory testing and rapid IgM/IgG testing to assess benefit from quarantine/further testing and provide information on population exposure/herd immunity would efficiently evaluate potential COVID-19 patients. Triaging patients within minutes with a fingerstick rather than hours/days after an invasive swab is critical to pandemic response as reliance on the existing strategy is limited by assay accuracy, time to results, and testing capacity. Early screening and triage is achievable from the outset of a pandemic with point-of-care host immune response testing which will improve response time to clinical and public health actions.Key messagesDelayed testing deployment has led to uncertainty surrounding overall disease burden and community spread, severely hampering public health containment and healthcare system preparation efforts.A multi-tiered testing strategy incorporating rapid, host immune point-of-care tests can be used now and for future pandemic planning by effectively identifying patients at risk of disease thereby facilitating quarantine earlier in the progression of the outbreak during the weeks and months it can take for pathogen specific confirmatory tests to be developed, validated and manufactured in sufficient quantities.The ability to triage patients at the point of care and support the guidance of medical and therapeutic decisions, for viral isolation or confirmatory testing or for appropriate treatment of COVID-19 and/or bacterial infections, is a critical component to our national pandemic response and there is an urgent need to implement the proposed strategy to combat the current outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32406750, "title": "Challenges in oral radiology teaching during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dentomaxillofac Radiol", "authors": ["Pontual, Maria Luiza Anjos", "do Nascimento, Eduarda Helena Leandro", "da Cruz Perez, Danyel Elias", "Pontual, Andrea Anjos", "Ramos-Perez, Flavia Moraes"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406750", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439821, "title": "Generalized myoclonus in COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Rabano-Suarez, Pablo", "Bermejo-Guerrero, Laura", "Mendez-Guerrero, Antonio", "Parra-Serrano, Javier", "Toledo-Alfocea, Daniel", "Sanchez-Tejerina, Daniel", "Santos-Fernandez, Teresa", "Folgueira-Lopez, Maria Dolores", "Gutierrez-Gutierrez, Judit", "Ayuso-Garcia, Blanca", "Gonzalez de la Aleja, Jesus", "Benito-Leon, Julian"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439821", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report 3 patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who developed generalized myoclonus. Patient data were obtained from medical records from the University Hospital \"12 de Octubre,\" Madrid, Spain. Three patients (2 men and 1 woman, aged 63-88 years) presented with mild hypersomnia and generalized myoclonus following the onset of the so-called inflammatory phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). All of them had presented previously with anosmia. Myoclonus was generalized with both positive and negative jerks, predominantly involving the facial, trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and upper extremities muscles. These myoclonic jerks occurred spontaneously and were extremely sensitive to multisensory stimuli (auditive and tactile) or voluntary movements, with an exaggerated startle response. Other causes of myoclonus were ruled out, and none of the patients had undergone respiratory arrest or significant prolonged hypoxia. All of them improved, at least partially, with immunotherapy. Our 3 cases highlight the occurrence of myoclonus during the COVID-19 pandemic as a post- or para-infectious immune-mediated disorder. However, we cannot rule out that SARS-CoV-2 may spread transneuronally to first- and second-order structures connected with the olfactory bulb. Further investigation is required to clarify the full clinical spectrum of neurologic symptoms and optimal treatment."}, {"pmid": 32218613, "pmcid": "PMC7095346", "title": "[Coronavirus disease in children-initial data from Wuhan].", "journal": "Monatsschr Kinderheilkd", "authors": ["Voitl, Peter", "Niehues, Tim"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218613", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427416, "title": "COVID-19 complicated by acute myocardial infarction with extensive thrombus burden and cardiogenic shock.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Harari, Rafael", "Bangalore, Sripal", "Chang, Ernest", "Shah, Binita"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427416", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A patient with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) developed acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by extensive coronary thrombosis and cardiogenic shock. She underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and placement of a mechanical circulatory support device but subsequently died from shock. This report illustrates the challenges in managing patients with COVID-19, AMI, and cardiogenic shock."}, {"pmid": 32437638, "pmcid": "PMC7234774", "title": "Cardiac dysfunction and thrombocytopenia-associated multiple organ failure inflammation phenotype in a severe paediatric case of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Latimer, Gwynne", "Corriveau, Christiane", "DeBiasi, Roberta L", "Jantausch, Barbara", "Delaney, Meghan", "Jacquot, Cyril", "Bell, Michael", "Dean, Terry"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437638", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250094, "title": "Gastrointestinal symptoms as the first, atypical indication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Pazgan-Simon, Monika", "Rorat, Marta", "Buczynska, Iwona", "Zinczuk, Aleksander", "Simon, Krzysztof"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250094", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125269, "pmcid": "PMC7258448", "title": "Community Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Shenzhen, China, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Liu, Jiaye", "Liao, Xuejiao", "Qian, Shen", "Yuan, Jing", "Wang, Fuxiang", "Liu, Yingxia", "Wang, Zhaoqin", "Wang, Fu-Sheng", "Liu, Lei", "Zhang, Zheng"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125269", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since early January 2020, after the outbreak of coronavirus infection in Wuhan, China, \u2248365 confirmed cases have been reported in Shenzhen, China. The mode of community and intrafamily transmission is threatening residents in Shenzhen. Strategies to strengthen prevention and interruption of these transmissions should be urgently addressed."}, {"pmid": 32368884, "title": "Management of COVID-19: the risks associated with treatment are clear, but the benefits remain uncertain.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Zareifopoulos, Nicholas", "Lagadinou, Maria", "Karela, Anastasia", "Platanaki, Christina", "Karantzogiannis, Gerasimos", "Velissaris, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368884", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Even though the early reports from China provided advance warning of what was to come, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread throughout the world with devastating consequences. Emergency measures are being implemented to reduce the magnitude of the public health crisis, prevent healthcare facilities from becoming overwhelmed and reduce the death toll of the disease. Containment strategies to mitigate viral transmission and emergency measures to increase the capacity of each country to provide intensive care are at the forefront of the public health management of the epidemic, even though the detrimental social and psychological effects of quarantine are evident on a global scale. Optimal management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 is also unclear, and the initial suggestion for early intubation as in typical ARDS may have caused significant harm. The management of mild cases of confirmed infection is another point of controversy, as drugs which may be repurposed for COVID-19 treatment have significant, potentially irreversible toxic effects and their use in mild cases of a viral illness which is typically self-limited may be harmful."}, {"pmid": 32343500, "title": "Allocating Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Liddell, Kathleen", "Martin, Stevie", "Palmer, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343500", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475183, "title": "Does lopinavir measure up in the treatment of Covid-19?", "journal": "Expert Opin Investig Drugs", "authors": ["Doggrell, Sheila A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475183", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lopinavir in combination with ritonavir is approved for the treatment of HIV and has recently been subject to a clinical trial in severe COVID-19. This evaluation is of LOTUS China (the Lopinavir Trial for Suppression of SARS-Cov-2 in China), which was a randomized trial in hospitalized subjects with COVID-9 in a respiratory sample and pneumonia. As, in severe COVID-19, lopinavir/ritonavir had no beneficial effects but increased gastrointestinal adverse effects, this combination should not be used at this stage of COVID-19. In my opinion, the rationale for undertaking a trial of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 was poor. The analysis of a modified intention to treat group analysis in LOTUS China may have introduced bias. After LOTUS China, there is probably no future for lopinavir in the treatment of severe COVID-19, but some clinical trials for prevention or in various stages of COVID-19 have recently started or are ongoing. The major limitation of these trials is that as lopinavir does not inhibit COVID-19, it is unlikely to prevent infection, reduce viral load, or reduce the severity. However, these trials may be worthwhile in finally determining whether lopinavir has any role in preventing or treating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32395673, "pmcid": "PMC7212983", "title": "Clinical and Radiographic Presentations of COVID-19 among Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy for Thoracic Malignancies.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Samson, Pamela", "Ning, Matthew S", "Shaverdian, Narek", "Shepherd, Annemarie F", "Gomez, Daniel R", "McGinnis, Gwendolyn J", "Nitsch, Paige L", "Chmura, Steven", "O'Reilly, Michael S", "Lee, Percy", "Chang, Joe Y", "Robinson, Clifford", "Lin, Steven H"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395673", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a pandemic affecting healthcare centers across the globe. Patients with cancer have been reported to be particularly vulnerable to infection, morbidity, and severe events. Given the high proportion of asymptomatic carriers and concerns regarding speed and availability of laboratory testing, novel detection strategies are necessary to supplement traditional screening methods and facilitate mitigation of viral transmission. Recent data support the diagnostic consistency and potential value of computed tomography (CT) scans to aid early diagnosis of COVID-19. Volumetric CT image-guidance is commonly employed in patients undergoing radiotherapy and presents a unique opportunity to screen for COVID-specific lung changes. This case series describes the presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infections among three patients undergoing thoracic radiotherapy across multiple institutions. We highlight their clinical symptoms, imaging findings, potential confounders, and clinical workflow to triage these patients to the next level of care."}, {"pmid": 32464492, "pmcid": "PMC7237357", "title": "Can moderate intensity aerobic exercise be an effective and valuable therapy in preventing and controlling the pandemic of COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Dixit, Snehil"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464492", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450409, "pmcid": "PMC7236679", "title": "Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish university.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Odriozola-Gonzalez, Paula", "Planchuelo-Gomez, Alvaro", "Irurtia, Maria Jesus", "de Luis-Garcia, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450409", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to analyze the psychological impact of COVID-19 in the university community during the first weeks of confinement. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was employed to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. The emotional impact of the situation was analyzed using the Impact of Event Scale. An online survey was fulfilled by 2530 members of the University of Valladolid, in Spain. Moderate to extremely severe scores of anxiety, depression, and stress were reported by 21.34%, 34.19% and 28.14% of the respondents, respectively. A total of 50.43% of respondents presented moderate to severe impact of the outbreak. Students from Arts & Humanities and Social Sciences & Law showed higher scores related to anxiety, depression, stress and impact of event with respect to students from Engineering & Architecture. University staff presented lower scores in all measures compared to students, who seem to have suffered an important psychological impact during the first weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown. In order to provide timely crisis-oriented psychological services and to take preventive measures in future pandemic situations, mental health in university students should be carefully monitored."}, {"pmid": 32205268, "pmcid": "PMC7118543", "title": "Buffer areas in emergency department to handle potential COVID-19 community infection in Taiwan.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Tren-Yi", "Lai, Huei-Wen", "Hou, I-Lun", "Lin, Ching-Hsiung", "Chen, Mu-Kuan", "Chou, Chu-Chung", "Lin, Yan-Ren"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205268", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259126, "pmcid": "PMC7114928", "title": "Daily Situation Report on Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran; March 23, 2020.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259126", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After detection of the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Iran, the National Committee on COVID-19 Epidemiology in Ministry of Health and Medical Education was established. This Committee is official source of gathering, analyzing, and reporting the COVID-19 data in Iran. The data of all sources in the country including, medical care monitoring center (MCMC), Hospitals' Information Systems (HIS), Laboratory portal, the data of the center for communicable disease control (MOH), as well as the data from community health centers are integrated and used in this regards. This factsheet contain daily situation report on coronavirus disease (covid-19) in Iran; March 23, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32461495, "title": "Comments on: Tool kit for survival: How to run and manage ophthalmic practices during the difficult time of COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Bagrecha, Nipun", "Kothari, Abhishek R"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461495", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522608, "title": "Evaluation of an Electrostatic Spray Disinfectant Technology for Rapid Decontamination of Portable Equipment and Large Open Areas in the Era of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Cadnum, Jennifer L", "Jencson, Annette L", "Livingston, Scott H", "Li, Daniel", "Redmond, Sarah N", "Pearlmutter, Basya", "Wilson, Brigid M", "Donskey, Curtis J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522608", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, efficient methods are needed to decontaminate shared portable devices and large open areas such as waiting rooms. We found that wheelchairs, portable equipment, and waiting room chairs were frequently contaminated with potential pathogens. After minimal manual pre-cleaning of areas with visible soiling, application of a dilute sodium hypochlorite disinfectant using an electrostatic sprayer provided rapid and effective decontamination and eliminated the benign virus bacteriophage MS2 from inoculated surfaces."}, {"pmid": 32267488, "title": "A Bold Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Medical Students, National Service, and Public Health.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bauchner, Howard", "Sharfstein, Joshua"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267488", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412535, "pmcid": "PMC7220582", "title": "COVID-19: fight or flight.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Gunther, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217657, "pmcid": "PMC7098479", "title": "Urgent need of a management plan for survivors of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Celli, Bartolome", "Fabbri, Leonardo M"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217657", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523140, "title": "Telemedicine as an instrument for cardiological consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Roldan-Gomez, Francisco J", "Jordan-Rios, Antonio", "Alvarez-Sangabriel, Amada", "Guizar-Sanchez, Carlos", "Perez-de-Isla, Leopoldo", "Lasses-Ojeda, Luis A", "Dominguez-Rivera, David U", "Correa-Carrera, Ramiro P", "Cossio-Aranda, Jorge E"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Telemedicine is an underused instrument along our healthcare systems. It\u00b4s a technological tool that optimizes resources, save money, expands our capacities, decongests our traditional medical services and is an invaluable help for teaching and research. The COVID-19 pandemic is forcing us to expand its use and it gives us the opportunity to design an appropriate implementation."}, {"pmid": 32367999, "pmcid": "PMC7196552", "title": "Post COVID-19: Planning strategies to resume orthopaedic surgery -challenges and considerations.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Iyengar, Karthikeyan P", "Jain, Vijay K", "Vaish, Abhishek", "Vaishya, Raju", "Maini, Lalit", "Lal, Hitesh"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367999", "countries": ["India", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a substantial effect on the health care systems around the world. As the disease has spread, many developed and developing countries have been stretched on their resources such as personnel as well as adequate equipment. As a result of resource disparity, in a populous country like India, the elective orthopaedic surgeries stand cancelled whilst trauma and emergency services have been reorganised following Indian Orthopaedic Association and recent urgent British Orthopaedic association guidelines. Though these guidelines provide strategies to deal with trauma and orthopaedic surgery management in the present scenario, once the COVID-19 pandemic stabilizes, restarting elective orthopaedic surgery and managing delayed trauma conditions in evolving health care systems is going to be a profound task. We look at the future challenges and considerations of re-establishing trauma and orthopaedic flow during the post-COVID-19 phase and suggest an algorithm to follow (Fig. 1)."}, {"pmid": 32300673, "pmcid": "PMC7161481", "title": "Genomic characterization of a novel SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Gene Rep", "authors": ["Khailany, Rozhgar A", "Safdar, Muhamad", "Ozaslan, Mehmet"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300673", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated with human to human transmission and extreme human sickness has been as of late announced from the city of Wuhan in China. Our objectives were to mutation analysis between recently reported genomes at various times and locations and to characterize the genomic structure of SARS-CoV-2 using bioinformatics programs. Information on the variation of viruses is of considerable medical and biological impacts on the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of infectious diseases. To understand the genomic structure and variations of the SARS-CoV-2. The study analyzed 95 SARS-CoV-2 complete genome sequences available in GenBank, National MicrobiologyData Center (NMDC) and NGDC Genome Warehouse from December-2019 until 05 of April-2020. The genomic signature analysis demonstrates that a strong association between the time of sample collection, location of sample and accumulation of genetic diversity. We found 116 mutations, the three most common mutations were 8782C>T in ORF1ab gene, 28144T>C in ORF8 gene and 29095C>T in the N gene. The mutations might affect the severity and spread of the SARS-CoV-2. The finding heavily supports an intense requirement for additional prompt, inclusive investigations that combine genomic detail, epidemiological information and graph records of the clinical features of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32184209, "title": "Covid-19: trainees will not move jobs in April.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184209", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311826, "pmcid": "PMC7264622", "title": "COVID-19 and the clinical hematology laboratory.", "journal": "Int J Lab Hematol", "authors": ["Frater, John L", "Zini, Gina", "d'Onofrio, Giuseppe", "Rogers, Heesun J"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311826", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. The etiologic agent is a novel coronavirus of presumed zoonotic origin with structural similarity to the viruses responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Like SARS and MERS, COVID-19 infection manifests most frequently with lower respiratory symptoms. A minority of patients progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome/ diffuse alveolar damage. In addition to its central role in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, the clinical laboratory provides critical information to clinicians regarding prognosis, disease course, and response to therapy. The purpose of this review is to 1) provide background context about the origins and course of the pandemic 2) discuss the laboratory's role in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection 3) summarize the current state of biomarker analysis in COVID-19 infection, with an emphasis on markers derived from the hematology laboratory 4) comment on the impact of COVID-19 on hematology laboratory safety, and 5) describe the impact the pandemic has had on organized national and international educational activities worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32526074, "title": "The impact of SARS-Cov-2 pandemic on stroke care: A warning message.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Bersano, Anna", "Pantoni, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526074", "countries": ["Spain", "Italy", "France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic intensely impacted the health systems worldwide, which had to deal with the challenge of contemporarily answering to the needs of COVID-19 patients and managing other life threatening disorders. Several European countries such as Italy, France and Spain, particularly hit by the pandemic, had to deeply reorganize healthcare and to redistribute personnel, resources and beds to deal with the demands of the uncontrolled spreading of the COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32524249, "title": "Physician Supply During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: the Role of Hazard Pay.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Ruhnke, Gregory W"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524249", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32194034, "pmcid": "PMC7194820", "title": "How Should the Rehabilitation Community Prepare for 2019-nCoV?", "journal": "Arch Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Choon-Huat Koh, Gerald", "Hoenig, Helen"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194034", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) pandemic spreading quickly in the United States and the world, it is urgent that the rehabilitation community quickly understands the epidemiology of the virus and what we can and must do to face this microbial adversary at the early stages of this likely long global pandemic. The 2019-nCoV is a novel virus so most of the world's population does not have prior immunity to it. It is more infectious and fatal than seasonal influenza, and definitive treatment and a vaccine are months away. Our arsenal against it is currently mainly social distancing and infection control measures."}, {"pmid": 32501305, "pmcid": "PMC7241361", "title": "Gender equity and public health outcomes: The COVID-19 experience.", "journal": "J Bus Res", "authors": ["Leung, T Y", "Sharma, Piyush", "Adithipyangkul, Pattarin", "Hosie, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501305", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper extends the growing research on the impact of gender equity on public health outcomes using the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic as its research setting. Specifically, it introduces a conceptual model incorporating the impact of gender equity and human development on women's representation in legislature and public health expenditure, and their combined impact with human environment (population density, aging population and urban population) on important public health outcomes in the Covid-19 context, including the total number of tests, diagnosed, active and critical cases, and deaths. Data from 210 countries shows support for many of the hypothesized relationships in the conceptual model. The results provide useful insights about the factors that influence the representation of women in political systems around the world and its impact on public health outcomes. The authors also discuss implications for public health policy-makers to ensure efficient and effective delivery of public health services in future."}, {"pmid": 32328406, "pmcid": "PMC7177048", "title": "Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: Lessons from Other Coronavirus Strains.", "journal": "Infect Dis Ther", "authors": ["Padron-Regalado, Eriko"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328406", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the strain of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and its impact on global health have made imperative the development of effective and safe vaccines for this lethal strain. SARS-CoV-2 now adds to the list of coronavirus diseases that have threatened global health, along with the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronaviruses that emerged in 2002/2003 and 2012, respectively. As of April 2020, no vaccine is commercially available for these coronavirus strains. Nevertheless, the knowledge obtained from the vaccine development efforts for MERS and SARS can be of high value for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Here, we review the past and ongoing vaccine development efforts for clinically relevant coronavirus strains with the intention that this information helps in the development of effective and safe vaccines for COVID-19. In addition, information from naturally exposed individuals and animal models to coronavirus strains is described for the same purpose of helping into the development of effective vaccines against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32222187, "pmcid": "PMC7195116", "title": "Venezuelan migrants \"struggling to survive\" amid COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Daniels, Joe Parkin"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222187", "countries": ["Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413768, "pmcid": "PMC7202820", "title": "Covert COVID-19 complications: Continuing the use of evidence-based drugs to minimize potentially lethal indirect effects of the pandemic in stroke patients.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Lee, Meng", "Chen, Chi-Hsin Sally", "Ovbiagele, Bruce"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413768", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379667, "pmcid": "PMC7102525", "title": "Effects of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety and sleep quality in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Complement Ther Clin Pract", "authors": ["Liu, Kai", "Chen, Ying", "Wu, Duozhi", "Lin, Ruzheng", "Wang, Zaisheng", "Pan, Liqing"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379667", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) will experience high levels of anxiety and low sleep quality due to isolation treatment. Some sleep-improving drugs may inhibit the respiratory system and worsen the condition. Prolonged bedside instruction may increase the risk of medical infections. To investigate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety and sleep quality of COVID-19. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, a total of 51 patients who entered the isolation ward were included in the study and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group used progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) technology for 30\u00a0min per day for 5 consecutive days. During this period, the control group received only routine care and treatment. Before and after the intervention, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI) and Sleep State Self-Rating Scale (SRSS) were used to measure and record patient anxiety and sleep quality. Finally, data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software. The average anxiety score (STAI) before intervention was not statistically significant (P\u00a0=\u00a00.730), and the average anxiety score after intervention was statistically significant (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). The average sleep quality score (SRSS) of the two groups before intervention was not statistically significant (P\u00a0=\u00a00.838), and it was statistically significant after intervention (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Progressive muscle relaxation as an auxiliary method can reduce anxiety and improve sleep quality in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32412401, "pmcid": "PMC7270481", "title": "Three challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic represents for psychiatry.", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kesner, Ladislav", "Horacek, Jiri"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412401", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The evolving COVID-19 pandemic and its likely consequences add to the already substantial psychosocial burden caused by global problems, existential threats and heightened uncertainty, which are increasingly confronting communities worldwide. Here we briefly outline three challenges for clinical psychiatry and research, related to coping with the social epidemiology of negative moods, stress and socially mediated traumatic experiences brought on by these adverse developments."}, {"pmid": 32464695, "title": "Enclosure with augmented airflow to decrease risk of exposure to aerosolized pathogens including coronavirus during endotracheal intubation. Can the reduction in aerosolized particles be quantified?", "journal": "Paediatr Anaesth", "authors": ["Bryant, Jason", "Tobias, Joseph D"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464695", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) has impacted hospital routines in recent weeks, recommendations to reduce health care worker infections are being developed. We report preliminary experience with the efficacy of an enclosure with augmented airflow to decrease the risk of exposure to aerosolized pathogens during airway management including endotracheal intubation. A particle generator was used to test the efficacy of the reduction of aerosolized particles by measuring their concentration within the enclosure and in the environment. No reductionin the concentration of aerosolized particles was noted with the enclosure flap open, whether the interior suction was on or off. However, with the enclosure closed and no augmented air flow (suction off), the particle concentration decreased to 1.2% of baseline. The concentration decreased even further, to 0.8% of baseline with the enclosure closed with augmented airflow (suction on). Aerosolized particulate contamination in the operating room can be decreased using a clear plastic enclosure with minimal openings and augmented airflow. This may serve to decrease the exposure of healthcare providers to aerosolized pathogens."}, {"pmid": 32502703, "pmcid": "PMC7264928", "title": "Turning a surgical unit into a COVID-19 facility: Governance counts.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Sfez, Michel", "Derichard, Alexandre", "Cittanova-Pansard, Marie-Laure"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502703", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400858, "pmcid": "PMC7239257", "title": "Are Patients With Alcohol Use Disorders at Increased Risk for Covid-19 Infection?", "journal": "Alcohol Alcohol", "authors": ["Testino, Gianni"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400858", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436744, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on reproductive health and maternity services in low resource countries.", "journal": "Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care", "authors": ["Abdelbadee, Ahmed Y", "Abbas, Ahmed M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436744", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly evolving pandemic. It is well-known that pregnant women are more susceptible to viral infection due to immune and anatomic factors. Therefore, the viral pandemic might affect the reproductive health and maternity services especially in low-resource countries.Materials and methods: In this article, we tried to highlight the impact of COVID-19 on reproductive health and maternity health services in low resource countries with emphasis on adapting some of the published best practice recommendations to suit a struggling environment.Conclusion: Pregnant women residing in low resource countries represent a uniquely vulnerable group in epidemics due to several factors. Maternity services in low resource countries are adapting to provide antenatal and postnatal care amidst a rapidly shifting health system environment due to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32395831, "pmcid": "PMC7272820", "title": "Rapid Dissemination of Protocols for Managing Neurology Inpatients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Neurol", "authors": ["Cervantes-Arslanian, Anna", "Lau, K H Vincent", "Anand, Pria", "Shulman, Julie G", "Ford, Thomas", "Takahashi, Courtney", "Daneshmand, Ali", "Nguyen, Thanh N", "Suchdev, Kushak", "Abdennadher, Myriam", "Saxena, Aneeta", "Macone, Amanda", "Perloff, Michael", "Zhu, Shuhan", "Greer, David M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395831", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496527, "title": "Incidence of COVID-19 in Pediatric Surgical Patients Among 3 US Children's Hospitals.", "journal": "JAMA Surg", "authors": ["Lin, Elaina E", "Blumberg, Todd J", "Adler, Adam C", "Fazal, Faris Z", "Talwar, Divya", "Ellingsen, Kyle", "Shah, Apurva S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496527", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311448, "pmcid": "PMC7164881", "title": "COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-up.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Bikdeli, Behnood", "Madhavan, Mahesh V", "Jimenez, David", "Chuich, Taylor", "Dreyfus, Isaac", "Driggin, Elissa", "Nigoghossian, Caroline Der", "Ageno, Walter", "Madjid, Mohammad", "Guo, Yutao", "Tang, Liang V", "Hu, Yu", "Giri, Jay", "Cushman, Mary", "Quere, Isabelle", "Dimakakos, Evangelos P", "Gibson, C Michael", "Lippi, Giuseppe", "Favaloro, Emmanuel J", "Fareed, Jawed", "Caprini, Joseph A", "Tafur, Alfonso J", "Burton, John R", "Francese, Dominic P", "Wang, Elizabeth Y", "Falanga, Anna", "McLintock, Claire", "Hunt, Beverley J", "Spyropoulos, Alex C", "Barnes, Geoffrey D", "Eikelboom, John W", "Weinberg, Ido", "Schulman, Sam", "Carrier, Marc", "Piazza, Gregory", "Beckman, Joshua A", "Steg, P Gabriel", "Stone, Gregg W", "Rosenkranz, Stephan", "Goldhaber, Samuel Z", "Parikh, Sahil A", "Monreal, Manuel", "Krumholz, Harlan M", "Konstantinides, Stavros V", "Weitz, Jeffrey I", "Lip, Gregory Y H"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311448", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a viral respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), may predispose patients to thrombotic disease, both in the venous and arterial circulations, because of excessive inflammation, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and stasis. In addition, many patients receiving antithrombotic therapy for thrombotic disease may develop COVID-19, which can have implications for choice, dosing, and laboratory monitoring of antithrombotic therapy. Moreover, during a time with much focus on COVID-19, it is critical to consider how to optimize the available technology to care for patients without COVID-19 who have thrombotic disease. Herein, the authors review the current understanding of the pathogenesis, epidemiology, management, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 who develop venous or arterial thrombosis, of those with pre-existing thrombotic disease who develop COVID-19, or those who need prevention or care for their thrombotic disease during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32514674, "title": "The systemic sclerosis patient in the COVID-19 era: the challenging crossroad between immunosuppression, differential diagnosis and long-term psychological distress.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Orlandi, Martina", "Lepri, Gemma", "Bruni, Cosimo", "Wang, Yukai", "Bartoloni, Alessandro", "Zammarchi, Lorenzo", "Cometi, Laura", "Guiducci, Serena", "Matucci-Cerinic, Marco", "Bellando-Randone, Silvia"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514674", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a world health emergency which may inevitably affect the management of a complex autoimmune disease such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). Several SSc patients are frail and, in this pandemic, need a careful protection. The COVID-19 infection might complicate the clinical scenario of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in SSc because it determines a severe pneumonia characterized by radiological features similar to SSc-ILD. The striking CT similarities between the 2 diseases make it difficult to distinguish a worsening of SSc-ILD from COVID-19-ILD superinfection. Moreover, other aspects, like isolation during lock down, may cause a significant psychological stress which will pile up on the already difficult contact with the patients for a routine check-up. Moreover, the drug shortage is a real problem in these times. For these reasons, the rheumatologist in daily clinical practice should carefully differentiate the possible COVID-19 infection in order to optimize the patient management. Therefore, the challenge in everyday life will be to achieve in due time the differential diagnosis as well as the long-term psychological impact.Key Points\u2022 SSc patients should be encouraged to continue their chronic therapy; in case of immunosuppressive therapy it must be discontinued for safety in case of COVID-19 infection.\u2022 Psychological support must be guaranteed to every SSc patients.\u2022 COVID-19 pneuminia is hard to distinguish from an interstitial lung disease due to SSc lung involvment.\u2022 Data sharing is fundamental for an optimal managment of SSc patients during COVID-19 pandemia."}, {"pmid": 32412524, "pmcid": "PMC7221002", "title": "Closing the circle: an agroecological response to covid-19.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Gemmill-Herren, Barbara"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412524", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485959, "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak Perception in Italian Dentists.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["De Stefani, Alberto", "Bruno, Giovanni", "Mutinelli, Sabrina", "Gracco, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485959", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study is an evaluation of the Italian dentists' knowledge regarding COVID-19 and their perception of the risks associated with COVID-19, their attitude in resuming their activities, and how they judge the institutional intervention on a health and economic basis. This research evaluated Italian dentists from 11 to 18 April 2020, using a questionnaire submitted via Google Forms (Alphabet, Mountain View, CA, USA). It consisted of different investigations about sociodemographic aspects, profession-related characteristics, knowledge about COVID-19 infection transmission modalities, symptoms, and attitude in treating potentially infected patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson chi2 test and Student t-test. The \u03b1-level was fixed at p = 0.05. All data were analyzed with STATA 16 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA). 1500 dentists (664 men and 836 women) completed the questionnaire. The majority of respondents declared having been trained in infection prevention procedures (64.3%) but not specifically to prevent the spread of COVID-19 (48.7%). A total of 57.2% declared that they were not trained sufficiently to restart working after lockdown, with a significantly higher prevalence (Pearson chi2 test, p < 0.001) among women (62.3%) than men (50.9%). Italian dentists were informed correctly on the mode of transmission but partially missed COVID-19 symptoms. Dentists considered the virus infection highly dangerous, and they were not confident in being able to work safely. The lack of precise operating guidelines creates uncertainties on infection control measures and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) use. The participants revealed apprehension for their health and the current and future economic situation of their practices."}, {"pmid": 32410222, "pmcid": "PMC7272787", "title": "Indirect casualties of COVID-19: perspectives from an American vascular surgery practice at a tertiary care centre.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Mirza, A K", "Manunga, J", "Skeik, N"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410222", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389848, "pmcid": "PMC7204704", "title": "Comparison of mortality associated with respiratory viral infections between December 2019 and March 2020 with that of the previous year in Southeastern France.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Giraud-Gatineau, Audrey", "Colson, Philippe", "Jimeno, Marie-Therese", "Zandotti, Christine", "Ninove, Laetitia", "Boschi, Celine", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "La Scola, Bernard", "Chaudet, Herve", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389848", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory viruses are a major cause of mortality worldwide and in France, where they cause several thousands of deaths every year. University Hospital Institute-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection performs real-time surveillance of all diagnoses of infections and associated deaths in public hospitals in Marseille, Southeastern France. This study compared mortality associated with diagnoses of respiratory viruses during the colder months of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 (week 47-week 14). In 2018-2019, 73 patients (0.17% of 42,851 hospitalized patients) died after being diagnosed with a respiratory virus; 40 and 13 deaths occurred in patients diagnosed with influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), respectively. In 2019-2020, 50 patients (0.10% of 49,043 patients hospitalized) died after being diagnosed with a common respiratory virus; seven and seven deaths occurred in patients diagnosed with influenza A virus and RSV, respectively. Additionally, 55 patients died after being diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of respiratory virus-associated deaths among hospitalized patients was thus significantly lower for common respiratory viruses in 2019-2020 than in 2018-2019 (102 versus 170 per 100,000 hospitalized patients; p = 0.003), primarily as a consequence of a decrease in influenza A virus (-83%) and RSV (-46%)-associated deaths. Overall, the proportion of respiratory virus-associated deaths among hospitalized patients was higher, but not significantly, in 2019-2020 than in 2018-2019 (214 versus 170 per 100,000 hospitalized patients; p = 0.08, Yates-corrected Chi-square test). These findings put into perspective the death burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections in this geographical area."}, {"pmid": 32348728, "pmcid": "PMC7183293", "title": "Introductions to the Community: Early-Career Researchers in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell Stem Cell", "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348728", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has unfortunately halted lab work, conferences, and in-person networking, which is especially detrimental to researchers just starting their labs. Through social media and our reviewer networks, we met some early-career stem cell investigators impacted by the closures. Here, they introduce themselves and their research to our readers."}, {"pmid": 32426211, "pmcid": "PMC7229721", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: The experience of a multiple sclerosis centre in Chile.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Ciampi, Ethel", "Uribe-San-Martin, Reinaldo", "Carcamo, Claudia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426211", "countries": ["Chile"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425304, "pmcid": "PMC7227545", "title": "Reflection on lower rates of COVID-19 in children: Does childhood immunizations offer unexpected protection?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Lyu, Jinglu", "Miao, Tianyu", "Dong, Jiajia", "Cao, Ranran", "Li, Yan", "Chen, Qianming"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425304", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The incidence of COVID-19 in children and teenagers is only about 2% in China. Children had mild symptoms and hardly infected other children or adults. It is worth considering that children are the most vulnerable to respiratory pathogens, but fatal SARS-like virus had not caused severe cases among them. According to the pathological studies of COVID-19 and SARS, a sharp decrease in T lymphocytes leads to the breakdown of the immune system. The cellular immune system of children differs from that of adults may be the keystone of atypical clinical manifestations or even covert infection. The frequent childhood vaccinations and repeated pathogens infections might be resulting in trained immunity of innate immune cells, immune fitness of adaptive immune cells or cross-protection of antibodies in the children. Therefore, due to lack of specific vaccine, some vaccines for tuberculosis, influenza and pneumonia may have certain application potential for the front-line health workers in the prevention and control of COVID-19. However, for high-risk susceptible populations, such as the elderly with basic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, it is necessary to explore the remedial effect of the planned immune process on their immunity to achieve the trained immunity or immune fitness, so as to improve their own antiviral ability."}, {"pmid": 32272080, "pmcid": "PMC7198848", "title": "Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and recommendations.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Phua, Jason", "Weng, Li", "Ling, Lowell", "Egi, Moritoki", "Lim, Chae-Man", "Divatia, Jigeeshu Vasishtha", "Shrestha, Babu Raja", "Arabi, Yaseen M", "Ng, Jensen", "Gomersall, Charles D", "Nishimura, Masaji", "Koh, Younsuck", "Du, Bin"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272080", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads across the world, the intensive care unit (ICU) community must prepare for the challenges associated with this pandemic. Streamlining of workflows for rapid diagnosis and isolation, clinical management, and infection prevention will matter not only to patients with COVID-19, but also to health-care workers and other patients who are at risk from nosocomial transmission. Management of acute respiratory failure and haemodynamics is key. ICU practitioners, hospital administrators, governments, and policy makers must prepare for a substantial increase in critical care bed capacity, with a focus not just on infrastructure and supplies, but also on staff management. Critical care triage to allow the rationing of scarce ICU resources might be needed. Researchers must address unanswered questions, including the role of repurposed and experimental therapies. Collaboration at the local, regional, national, and international level offers the best chance of survival for the critically ill."}, {"pmid": 32279675, "pmcid": "PMC7180332", "title": "Application and effects of fever screening system in the prevention of nosocomial infection in the only designated hospital of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Shenzhen, China.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Huang, Ting", "Guo, Yinsheng", "Li, Shaxi", "Zheng, Yanqun", "Lei, Lin", "Zeng, Xianhu", "Zhong, Qiao", "Liu, Yingxia", "Liu, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279675", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448124, "pmcid": "PMC7245624", "title": "VADR: validation and annotation of virus sequence submissions to GenBank.", "journal": "BMC Bioinformatics", "authors": ["Schaffer, Alejandro A", "Hatcher, Eneida L", "Yankie, Linda", "Shonkwiler, Lara", "Brister, J Rodney", "Karsch-Mizrachi, Ilene", "Nawrocki, Eric P"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448124", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "GenBank contains over 3 million viral sequences. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) previously made available a tool for validating and annotating influenza virus sequences that is used to check submissions to GenBank. Before this project, there was no analogous tool in use for non-influenza viral sequence submissions. We developed a system called VADR (Viral Annotation DefineR) that validates and annotates viral sequences in GenBank submissions. The annotation system is based on the analysis of the input nucleotide sequence using models built from curated RefSeqs. Hidden Markov models are used to classify sequences by determining the RefSeq they are most similar to, and feature annotation from the RefSeq is mapped based on a nucleotide alignment of the full sequence to a covariance model. Predicted proteins encoded by the sequence are validated with nucleotide-to-protein alignments using BLAST. The system identifies 43 types of \"alerts\" that (unlike the previous BLAST-based system) provide deterministic and rigorous feedback to researchers who submit sequences with unexpected characteristics. VADR has been integrated into GenBank's submission processing pipeline allowing for viral submissions passing all tests to be accepted and annotated automatically, without the need for any human (GenBank indexer) intervention. Unlike the previous submission-checking system, VADR is freely available (https://github.com/nawrockie/vadr) for local installation and use. VADR has been used for Norovirus submissions since May 2018 and for Dengue virus submissions since January 2019. Since March 2020, VADR has also been used to check SARS-CoV-2 sequence submissions. Other viruses with high numbers of submissions will be added incrementally. VADR improves the speed with which non-flu virus submissions to GenBank can be checked and improves the content and quality of the GenBank annotations. The availability and portability of the software allow researchers to run the GenBank checks prior to submitting their viral sequences, and thereby gain confidence that their submissions will be accepted immediately without the need to correspond with GenBank staff. Reciprocally, the adoption of VADR frees GenBank staff to spend more time on services other than checking routine viral sequence submissions."}, {"pmid": 32395525, "pmcid": "PMC7210193", "title": "A profiling analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different type of cancers vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Dai, Yu-Jun", "Hu, Fang", "Li, Huan", "Huang, Han-Ying", "Wang, Da-Wei", "Liang, Yang"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395525", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) is now causing a severe public health emergency. The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) infected individuals by binding human angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor. ACE2 is widely expressed in multiple organs including respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive and urinary systems in healthy individuals. These tissues with high expression level of ACE2 seemed to be more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recently, it has been reported that patients with tumors were likely to be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and indicated poor prognosis. The tissue atlas database and the blood atlas were used to analyze the distribution of ACE2 in human tissues or organs of cancers and normal samples. Starbase dataset was applied to predict the prognosis of cancers according to expression level of ACE2. In this study, we demonstrated a landscape profiling analysis on expression level of ACE2 in pan-cancers and showed the risky of different type of cancers to SARS-CoV-2 according to the expression level of ACE2. In addition, we found that ACE2 was both differential expression and related to the prognosis only in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). Relative high expression of ACE2 indicated a favorable prognosis in LIHC, but they might be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. We indeed emphasized that LIHC patients with high expression level of ACE2 should be more cautious of the virus infection. Our study might provide a potential clue for preventing infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cancers."}, {"pmid": 32113704, "pmcid": "PMC7127067", "title": "The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak.", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Rothan, Hussin A", "Byrareddy, Siddappa N"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113704", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-COV2 and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. Based on the large number of infected people that were exposed to the wet animal market in Wuhan City, China, it is suggested that this is likely the zoonotic origin of COVID-19. Person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 infection led to the isolation of patients that were subsequently administered a variety of treatments. Extensive measures to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 have been implemented to control the current outbreak. Special attention and efforts to protect or reduce transmission should be applied in susceptible populations including children, health care providers, and elderly people. In this review, we highlights the symptoms, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, phylogenetic analysis and future directions to control the spread of this fatal disease."}, {"pmid": 32526596, "title": "Midwifery education in COVID-19- time: Challenges and opportunities.", "journal": "Midwifery", "authors": ["Luyben, Ans", "Fleming, Valerie", "Vermeulen, Joeri"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526596", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441336, "title": "Participating in telehealth is a complex occupation.", "journal": "Aust Occup Ther J", "authors": ["Pereira, Robert B"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274917, "title": "[Asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases of COVID-19 contribution to spreading the epidemic and need for targeted control strategies].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wu, Z Y"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274917", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The asymptomatic carrier state of COVID-19 has become a topic of concern for preventing a possible epidemic rebound. This review describes and defines the COVID-19 asymptomatic carrier state and outlines methods for identifying counting and reporting these cases. The author elaborates that the asymptomatic carrier state can be further divided into asymptomatic infection and pre-symptomatic infection after extended follow-up based on the nature of disease progression. The author presents the limited available data about infectiousness of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases and their possible contributions to the overall epidemic of COVID-19 observed so far in China. Challenges of a possible second epidemic wave of COVID-19 caused by asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases are discussed and suggestions for control strategies and scientific research are provided."}, {"pmid": 32460358, "title": "The early landscape of COVID-19 vaccine development in the UK and rest of the world.", "journal": "Immunology", "authors": ["Sharpe, Hannah R", "Gilbride, Ciaran", "Allen, Elizabeth", "Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sandra", "Bissett, Cameron", "Ewer, Katie", "Lambe, Teresa"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460358", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first WHO notification on 31st December 2019, COVID-19, the respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has been responsible for over 4 million confirmed infections, and almost 300,000 deaths worldwide. The pandemic has led to over half of the world's population living under lockdown conditions. To allow normal life to resume, public health interventions will be needed to prevent further waves of infections as lockdown measures are lifted. As one of the most effective countermeasures against infectious diseases, an efficacious vaccine is considered crucial to containing the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the publication of the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2, vaccine development has accelerated at an unprecedented pace across the world. Here we review the different platforms employed to develop vaccines, the standard timelines of development and how they can be condensed in a pandemic situation. We focus on vaccine development in the UK and vaccines which have entered clinical trials around the world."}, {"pmid": 32289004, "pmcid": "PMC7129553", "title": "A new pandemic out of China: the Wuhan 2019-nCoV coronavirus syndrome.", "journal": "Health Policy Technol", "authors": ["Singer, Donald R J"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289004", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284362, "title": "COVID-19 and neuromuscular disorders.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Guidon, Amanda C", "Amato, Anthony A"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284362", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has potential to disproportionately and severely affect patients with neuromuscular disorders. In a short period of time, it has already caused reorganization of neuromuscular clinical care delivery and education, which will likely have lasting effects on the field. This article reviews (1) potential neuromuscular complications of COVID-19, (2) assessment and mitigation of COVID-19-related risk for patients with preexisting neuromuscular disease, (3) guidance for management of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies, (4) practical guidance regarding neuromuscular care delivery, telemedicine, and education, and (5) effect on neuromuscular research. We outline key unanswered clinical questions and highlight the need for team-based and interspecialty collaboration. Primary goals of clinical research during this time are to develop evidence-based best practices and to minimize morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19 for patients with neuromuscular disorders."}, {"pmid": 32132700, "title": "Coronavirus nixes conference, twilight zone beckons and a faded star brightens.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132700", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443538, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Summary of Current Guidelines.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Narang, Kavita", "Ibirogba, Eniola R", "Elrefaei, Amro", "Trad, Ayssa Teles Abrao", "Theiler, Regan", "Nomura, Roseli", "Picone, Olivier", "Kilby, Mark", "Escuriet, Ramon", "Suy, Anna", "Carreras, Elena", "Tonni, Gabriele", "Ruano, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the declaration of the global pandemic of COVID-19 by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020, we have continued to see a steady rise in the number of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. However, there is still very limited data on the course and outcomes of this serious infection in a vulnerable population of pregnant patients and their fetuses. International perinatal societies and institutions including SMFM, ACOG, RCOG, ISUOG, CDC, CNGOF, ISS/SIEOG, and CatSalut have released guidelines for the care of these patients. We aim to summarize these current guidelines in a comprehensive review for patients, healthcare workers, and healthcare institutions. We included 15 papers from 10 societies through a literature search of direct review of society's websites and their journal publications up till 20 April 2020. Recommendations specific to antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum were abstracted from the publications and summarized into Tables. The summary of guidelines for the management of COVID-19 in pregnancy across different perinatal societies is fairly consistent, with some variation in the strength of recommendations. It is important to recognize that these guidelines are frequently updated, as we continue to learn more about the course and impact of COVID-19 in pregnancy."}, {"pmid": 32402157, "title": "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Domestic Cats.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Halfmann, Peter J", "Hatta, Masato", "Chiba, Shiho", "Maemura, Tadashi", "Fan, Shufang", "Takeda, Makoto", "Kinoshita, Noriko", "Hattori, Shin-Ichiro", "Sakai-Tagawa, Yuko", "Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Kiyoko", "Imai, Masaki", "Kawaoka, Yoshihiro"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402157", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451165, "pmcid": "PMC7243757", "title": "Nuclear Medicine in the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol", "authors": ["Conesa, Joan Castell"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451165", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427277, "title": "Need for Transparency and Reliable Evidence in Emergency Use Authorizations for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Therapies.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Zhai, Mike Z", "Lye, Carolyn T", "Kesselheim, Aaron S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427277", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330288, "pmcid": "PMC7264776", "title": "Protecting vulnerable patients with inherited anaemias from unnecessary death during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Roy, Noemi B A", "Telfer, Paul", "Eleftheriou, Perla", "de la Fuente, Josu", "Drasar, Emma", "Shah, Farrukh", "Roberts, David", "Atoyebi, Wale", "Trompeter, Sara", "Layton, D Mark", "Lugthart, Sanne", "Stuart-Smith, Sara", "Chakravorty, Subarna", "Wright, Josh", "Porter, John", "Inusa, Baba", "Howard, Jo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the developing COVID-19 pandemic, patients with inherited anaemias require specific advice regarding isolation and changes to usual treatment schedules. The National Haemoglobinopathy Panel (NHP) has issued guidance on the care of patients with sickle cell disease, thalassaemia, Diamond Blackfan anaemia (DBA), congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA), sideroblastic anaemia, pyruvate kinase deficiency and other red cell enzyme and membrane disorders. Cascading of accurate information for clinicians and patients is paramount to preventing adverse outcomes, such as patients who are at increased risk of fulminant bacterial infection due to their condition or its treatment erroneously self-isolating if their fever is mistakenly attributed to a viral cause, delaying potentially life-saving antibiotic therapy. Outpatient visits should be minimised for most patients, however some, such as first transcranial dopplers for children with sickle cell anaemia should not be delayed as known risk of stroke will outweigh the unknown risk from COVID-19 infection. Blood transfusion programmes should be continued, but specific changes to usual clinical pathways can be instituted to reduce risk of patient exposure to COVID-19, as well as contingency planning for possible reductions in blood available for transfusions. Bone marrow transplants for these disorders should be postponed until further notice. With the current lack of evidence on the risk and complications of COVID-19 infection in these patients, national data collection is ongoing to record outcomes and eventually to identify predictors of disease severity, particularly important if further waves of infection travel through the population."}, {"pmid": 32368532, "pmcid": "PMC7190947", "title": "Stability and infectivity of coronaviruses in inanimate environments.", "journal": "World J Clin Cases", "authors": ["Ren, Shi-Yan", "Wang, Wen-Biao", "Hao, Ya-Guang", "Zhang, Hao-Ran", "Wang, Zhi-Chao", "Chen, Ye-Lin", "Gao, Rong-Ding"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368532", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus that can transmit through respiratory droplets, aerosols, or contacts. Frequent touching of contaminated surfaces in public areas is therefore a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The inanimate surfaces have often been described as a source of nosocomial infections. However, summaries on the transmissibility of coronaviruses from contaminated surfaces to induce the coronavirus disease 2019 are rare at present. This review aims to summarize data on the persistence of different coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces. The literature was systematically searched on Medline without language restrictions. All reports with experimental evidence on the duration persistence of coronaviruses on any type of surface were included. Most viruses from the respiratory tract, such as coronaviruses, influenza, SARS-CoV, or rhinovirus, can persist on surfaces for a few days. Persistence time on inanimate surfaces varied from minutes to up to one month, depending on the environmental conditions. SARS-CoV-2 can be sustained in air in closed unventilated buses for at least 30 min without losing infectivity. The most common coronaviruses may well survive or persist on surfaces for up to one month. Viruses in respiratory or fecal specimens can maintain infectivity for quite a long time at room temperature. Absorbent materials like cotton are safer than unabsorbent materials for protection from virus infection. The risk of transmission via touching contaminated paper is low. Preventive strategies such as washing hands and wearing masks are critical to the control of coronavirus disease 2019."}, {"pmid": 32466817, "title": "COVID-19 in Libya, fewer cases so far. Any speculations?", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Gasibat, Qais", "Raba, Ali Ahmed", "Abobaker, Anis"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466817", "countries": ["Libya"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425367, "pmcid": "PMC7231735", "title": "Risk of coronavirus disease 2019 in patients treated for cancer: An immune response-based hypothesis.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Roberto, Michela", "Basta, Fabio", "Mazzuca, Federica", "Curigliano, Giuseppe", "Marchetti, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425367", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510814, "title": "Omalizumab and COVID19 Treatment: Could It Help?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Abdelmaksoud, Ayman", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Vestita, Michelangelo"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510814", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323250, "pmcid": "PMC7175814", "title": "Coping with the COVID-19 crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa: let us not leave older people behind!", "journal": "Eur Geriatr Med", "authors": ["Drame, Moustapha", "Godaert, Lidvine", "Callixte, Kuate Tegueu", "Ecarnot, Fiona", "Simo-Tabue, Nadine", "Tabue Teguo, Maturin"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344449, "pmcid": "PMC7267462", "title": "Finding the Dose for Hydroxychloroquine Prophylaxis for COVID-19: The Desperate Search for Effectiveness.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Al-Kofahi, Mahmoud", "Jacobson, Pamala", "Boulware, David R", "Matas, Arthur", "Kandaswamy, Raja", "Jaber, Mutaz M", "Rajasingham, Radha", "Young, Jo-Anne H", "Nicol, Melanie R"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344449", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial drug being tested as a potential treatment for the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Although the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 remains uncertain, it may serve as a potential prophylactic agent especially in those at high risk, such as healthcare workers, household contacts of infected patients, and the immunocompromised. Our aim was to identify possible hydroxychloroquine dosing regimens through simulation in those at high risk of infections by optimizing exposures above the in vitro generated half maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) and to help guide researchers in dose-selection for COVID-19 prophylactic studies. To maintain weekly troughs above EC50 in >\u00a050% of subjects at steady-state in a pre-exposure prophylaxis setting, an 800\u00a0mg loading dose followed by 400\u00a0mg twice or 3 times weekly is required. In an exposure driven, post-exposure prophylaxis setting, 800\u00a0mg loading dose followed in 6\u00a0hours by 600\u00a0mg, then 600\u00a0mg daily for 4 more days achieved daily troughs above EC50 in >\u00a050% subjects. These doses are higher than recommended for malaria chemoprophylaxis, and clinical trials are needed to establish safety and efficacy."}, {"pmid": 32320384, "pmcid": "PMC7202482", "title": "Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody levels in convalescent plasma of six donors who have recovered from COVID-19.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Zhang, Libo", "Pang, Rongrong", "Xue, Xiang", "Bao, Jingjing", "Ye, Sheng", "Dai, Yudong", "Zheng, Yishan", "Fu, Qiang", "Hu, Zhiliang", "Yi, Yongxiang"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320384", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody levels in convalescent plasma (CP), which may be useful in severe Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus infections, have been rarely reported. A total of eight donors were considered for enrollment; two of them were excluded because of ineligible routine check. Of the six remaining participants, five samples were tested weakly positive by the IgM ELISA. Meanwhile, high titers of IgG were observed in five samples. The patient treated with CP did not require mechanical ventilation 11 days after plasma transfusion, and was then transferred to a general ward. Our serological findings in convalescent plasma from recovered patients may help facilitate understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish CP donor screening protocol in COVID-19 outbreak. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies including IgM and IgG were measured by two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in convalescent plasma from six donors who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nanjing, China. CP was also utilized for the treatment of one severe COVID-19 patient."}, {"pmid": 32363248, "pmcid": "PMC7195375", "title": "Experience of a Radiation Oncology Center Operating During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Lu, Jiade J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363248", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410898, "pmcid": "PMC7221386", "title": "Cancer Patient Care during COVID-19.", "journal": "Cancer Cell", "authors": ["Harky, Amer", "Chiu, Chun Ming", "Yau, Thomas Ho Lai", "Lai, Sheung Heng Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410898", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469418, "title": "Evaluation of potential therapeutic options for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Austin, Daren", "Okour, Malek"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469418", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534451, "title": "Microdose lithium reduces cellular senescence in human astrocytes - a potential pharmacotherapy for COVID-19?", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Viel, Tania", "Chinta, Shankar", "Rane, Anand", "Chamoli, Manish", "Buck, Hudson", "Andersen, Julie"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534451", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cell senescence is a process that causes growth arrest and the release of a senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), characterized by secretion of chemokines, cytokines, cell growth factors and metalloproteases, leading to a tissue condition that may precipitate cancers and neurodegenerative processes. With the recent pandemic of coronavirus, senolytic drugs are being considered as possible therapeutic tools to reduce the virulence of SARS-CoV-2. In the last few years, our research group showed that lithium carbonate at microdose levels was able to stabilize memory and change neuropathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present work, we present evidence that low-dose lithium can reduce the SASP of human iPSCs-derived astrocytes following acute treatment, suggesting that microdose lithium could protect cells from senescence and development of aging-related conditions. With the present findings, a perspective of the potential use of low-dose lithium in old patients from the \"high risk group\" for COVID-19 (with hypertension, diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is presented."}, {"pmid": 32491190, "title": "Emergency abdominal surgery in COVID-19 patients: a note of caution from Wuhan.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Fu, D", "Zhang, Pei", "Wang, L", "Liu, W", "Tan, H", "Di, M", "Cai, M", "Zhang, Peng", "Tao, K", "Wang, G", "Jiang, C", "Wang, Z"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491190", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386545, "pmcid": "PMC7204677", "title": "Coast-to-Coast Spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the Early Epidemic in the United States.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Fauver, Joseph R", "Petrone, Mary E", "Hodcroft, Emma B", "Shioda, Kayoko", "Ehrlich, Hanna Y", "Watts, Alexander G", "Vogels, Chantal B F", "Brito, Anderson F", "Alpert, Tara", "Muyombwe, Anthony", "Razeq, Jafar", "Downing, Randy", "Cheemarla, Nagarjuna R", "Wyllie, Anne L", "Kalinich, Chaney C", "Ott, Isabel M", "Quick, Joshua", "Loman, Nicholas J", "Neugebauer, Karla M", "Greninger, Alexander L", "Jerome, Keith R", "Roychoudhury, Pavitra", "Xie, Hong", "Shrestha, Lasata", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Pitzer, Virginia E", "Iwasaki, Akiko", "Omer, Saad B", "Khan, Kamran", "Bogoch, Isaac I", "Martinello, Richard A", "Foxman, Ellen F", "Landry, Marie L", "Neher, Richard A", "Ko, Albert I", "Grubaugh, Nathan D"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386545", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States in January 2020, with subsequent COVID-19 outbreaks detected in all 50 states by early March. To uncover the sources of SARS-CoV-2 introductions and patterns of spread within the United States, we sequenced nine viral genomes from early reported COVID-19 patients in Connecticut. Our phylogenetic analysis places the majority of these genomes with viruses sequenced from Washington state. By coupling our genomic data with domestic and international travel patterns, we show that early SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Connecticut was likely driven by domestic introductions. Moreover, the risk of domestic importation to Connecticut exceeded that of international importation by mid-March regardless of our estimated effects of federal travel restrictions. This study provides evidence of widespread sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within the United States and highlights the critical need for local surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32315487, "pmcid": "PMC7264560", "title": "Clinical and Autoimmune Characteristics of Severe and Critical Cases of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Transl Sci", "authors": ["Zhou, Yaqing", "Han, Tao", "Chen, Jiaxin", "Hou, Can", "Hua, Lei", "He, Shu", "Guo, Yi", "Zhang, Sheng", "Wang, Yanjun", "Yuan, Jinxia", "Zhao, Chenhui", "Zhang, Jing", "Jia, Qiaowei", "Zuo, Xiangrong", "Li, Jinhai", "Wang, Liansheng", "Cao, Quan", "Jia, Enzhi"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315487", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study we report on the clinical and autoimmune characteristics of severe and critical novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical, autoimmune, and laboratory characteristics of 21 patients who had laboratory-confirmed severe and critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the intensive care unit of the Huangshi Central Hospital, Hubei Province, China, were investigated. A total of 21 patients (13 men and 8 women), including 8 (38.1%) severe cases and 13 (61.9%) critical cases, were enrolled. Cough (90.5%) and fever (81.0%) were the dominant symptoms, and most patients (76.2%) had at least one coexisting disorder on admission. The most common characteristics on chest computed tomography were ground-glass opacity (100%) and bilateral patchy shadowing (76.2%). The most common findings on laboratory measurement were lymphocytopenia (85.7%) and elevated levels of C-reactive protein (94.7%) and interleukin-6 (89.5%). The prevalence of anti-52\u00a0kDa SSA/Ro antibody, anti-60\u00a0kDa SSA/Ro antibody, and antinuclear antibody was 20%, 25%, and 50%, respectively. We also retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory data from 21 severe and critical cases of COVID-19. Autoimmune phenomena exist in COVID-19 subjects, and the present results provide the rationale for a strategy of preventing immune dysfunction and optimal immunosuppressive therapy."}, {"pmid": 32372828, "pmcid": "PMC7194563", "title": "Maintaining mental health in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Sarner, Moya"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372828", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From social isolation to working on the front line, covid-19 is posing serious challenges to mental health. Moya Sarner asks the experts how we can protect ourselves."}, {"pmid": 32354810, "title": "An alternative COVID-19 checklist.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Thomas, Mari"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354810", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32020116, "title": "China coronavirus: labs worldwide scramble to analyse live samples.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32020116", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407897, "pmcid": "PMC7212959", "title": "Follow-up for pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: French national authority for health recommendations.", "journal": "J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod", "authors": ["Vivanti, Alexandre J", "Deruelle, Philippe", "Picone, Olivier", "Guillaume, Sophie", "Roze, Jean-Christophe", "Mulin, Blandine", "Kochert, Fabienne", "De Beco, Isabelle", "Mahut, Sophie", "Gantois, Adrien", "Barasinski, Chloe", "Petitprez, Karine", "Pauchet-Traversat, Anne-Francoise", "Droy, Alcyone", "Benachi, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407897", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the stage 3 SARS-Cov-2 epidemic situation, it is necessary to put forward a method of rapid response for an HAS position statement in order to answer to the requests from the French Ministry of Solidarity and Health, healthcare professionals and/or health system users' associations concerning follow-up of pregnant women during the COVID-19 outbreak. A simplified 7-step process that favours HAS collaboration with experts (healthcare professionals, health system users' associations, scientific societies etc.), the restrictive selection of available evidence and the use of digital means of communication. A short and specific dissemination format, which can be quickly updated in view of the changes in available data has been chosen."}, {"pmid": 32519406, "title": "Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding and mild course of COVID-19 in a patient after recent heart transplantation.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Decker, Annegrit", "Welzel, Markus", "Laubner, Katharina", "Grundmann, Sebastian", "Kochs, Georg", "Panning, Marcus", "Thimme, Robert", "Bode, Christoph", "Wagner, Dirk", "Lother, Achim"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519406", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, organ transplant recipients are considered to be at high risk for unfavorable outcome. However, in particular the role of immunosuppression in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 remains undetermined. Here, we present a 62-year old male COVID-19 patient with recent heart transplantation who developed only mild symptoms, but had prolonged virus shedding, and summarize the available data on COVID-19 in cardiac allograft recipients. Initially the patient presented with a transient episode of fever and sore throat but no other symptoms, in particular no cough or dyspnea at rest. After diagnosis, immunosuppression was continued unchanged. On day 7, temperature increased again with concurrent mild rise of CRP, IL-6 and proBNP levels. Hydroxychloroquine was started and continued for 7 days. While the patient had no clinical symptoms anymore 20 days after initial presentation, virus culture of throat swabs on days 18 and 21 confirmed active virus replication and SARS-CoV-2 PCR remained positive on day 35 with copy numbers similar to the onset of infection. In conclusion, immunosuppression regimen in transplant recipients with mild COVID-19 associated symptoms may be continued unchanged. However, it may contribute to delayed virus PCR conversion and thus possible prolonged infectivity."}, {"pmid": 32450786, "title": "Gastroenterological features of COVID-19 and the role of the United European Gastroenterology Journal.", "journal": "United European Gastroenterol J", "authors": ["Magro, Fernando", "Drenth, Joost Ph"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450786", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407892, "pmcid": "PMC7214305", "title": "COVID-19 in Brazil: Historical cases, disease milestones, and estimated outbreak peak.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Serdan, Tamires D A", "Masi, Laureane N", "Gorjao, Renata", "Pithon-Curi, Tania C", "Curi, Rui", "Hirabara, Sandro M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407892", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303584, "title": "European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) recommendations for optimal interventional neurovascular management in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["Aggour, Mohamed", "White, Phil", "Kulcsar, Zsolt", "Fiehler, Jens", "Brouwer, Patrick"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303584", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292203, "pmcid": "PMC7139249", "title": "Impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on biodiversity conservation.", "journal": "Biol Conserv", "authors": ["Corlett, Richard T", "Primack, Richard B", "Devictor, Vincent", "Maas, Bea", "Goswami, Varun R", "Bates, Amanda E", "Koh, Lian Pin", "Regan, Tracey J", "Loyola, Rafael", "Pakeman, Robin J", "Cumming, Graeme S", "Pidgeon, Anna", "Johns, David", "Roth, Robin"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292203", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460566, "title": "Assessment of COVID-19 Knowledge Among University Students: Implications for Future Risk Communication Strategies.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Chesser, Amy", "Drassen Ham, Amy", "Keene Woods, Nikki"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460566", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to describe population knowledge and beliefs about COVID-19 and current social media coverage to address a gap in what is known about risk communication during health crises. A survey with 27 questions was developed. Twenty-three percent (N = 1,136) of respondents started the survey. Less than half of the students reported a high health literacy level (43%, n = 365/855). When asked where students have heard about COVID-19, the majority reported the Internet and social media. Students reported a basic level of COVID-19 knowledge, but few students (18%, n = 173/966) correctly identified all three signs and/or symptoms of COVID-19. Results highlight the need for an increased public health presence on social media and the urgent need to remain diligent in educating community members about COVID-19 myths."}, {"pmid": 32251002, "title": "Recommendations for respiratory rehabilitation in adults with COVID-19.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Zhao, Hong-Mei", "Xie, Yu-Xiao", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251002", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious respiratory disease that leads to respiratory, physical, and psychological dysfunction in patients. Respiratory rehabilitation is an important intervention as well as cure for clinical patients. With increased understanding of COVID-19 and the accumulation of clinical experience, we proposed recommendations for respiratory rehabilitation in adults with COVID-19 based on the opinions of frontline clinical experts involved in the management of this epidemic and a review of the relevant literature and evidence. Our recommendations are as follows: 1. for inpatients with COVID-19, respiratory rehabilitation would relieve the symptoms of dyspnea, anxiety, and depression and eventually improve physical functions and the quality of life; 2. for severe/critical inpatients, early respiratory rehabilitation is not suggested; 3. for patients in isolation, respiratory rehabilitation guidance should be conducted through educational videos, instruction manuals, or remote consultation; 4. assessment and monitoring should be performed throughout the respiratory rehabilitation process; 5. proper grade protection should be used following the present guidelines. These recommendations can guide clinical practice and form the basis for respiratory rehabilitation in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32346106, "pmcid": "PMC7186937", "title": "When ophthalmologists step up to the COVID-19 frontlines.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Li, Kelvin Zhenghao", "Yong, Vernon Khet Yau", "Lee, Llewellyn Kuan Ming", "Chin, Chee Fang", "Yip, Leonard Wei Leon"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346106", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423251, "title": "Comparison of cardiovascular metabolic characteristics and impact on COVID-19 and MERS.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Li, Bo", "Jin, Xiaodong", "Zhang, Tongtong", "Zhao, Yan", "Tian, Feng", "Li, Yuhua", "Yang, Jing", "Zhao, Faming", "Li, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423251", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379953, "title": "A Glimpse into the Future.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Colucciello, Stephen Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379953", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249257, "title": "Macrolide treatment for COVID-19: Will this be the way forward?", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Ohe, Masashi", "Shida, Haruki", "Jodo, Satoshi", "Kusunoki, Yoshihiro", "Seki, Masahide", "Furuya, Ken", "Goudarzi, Houman"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249257", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic that has developed in late 2019 and 2020 is a serious threat to human health. With no vaccines or drugs approved for prevention and treatment until now, all efforts at drug design and/or clinical trials of already approved drugs are worthy and creditable. Using structure-based drug selection for identification of SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitors, old drugs such as macrolides (MAC) were predicted to be effective for COVID-19. Lately, the anti-viral effects of macrolides have attracted considerable attention. Very recently, hydroxychloroquine in combination with azithromycin treatment was reported to be effective for COVID-19. We believe that treatments with macrolides alone or in combination with other drugs are promising and open the possibility of an international strategy to fight this emerging viral infection."}, {"pmid": 32276095, "pmcid": "PMC7141465", "title": "Symptom Cluster of ICU Nurses Treating COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Yifan, Tang", "Ying, Liu", "Chunhong, Gao", "Jing, Song", "Rong, Wang", "Zhenyu, Li", "Zejuan, Gu", "Peihung, Liao"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276095", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In treating highly infectious coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia, intensive care unit (ICU) nurses face a high risk of developing somatic symptom disorder (SSD).The symptom clusters in one population may show overlaps and involvements, a phenomenon that should be deliberately resolved to improve the management efficiency. The present study aims to investigate the symptoms and causes of SSD of ICU nurses treating COVID-19 pneumonia. The research results are expected to provide evidence for the establishment of a better management strategy. This study enrolled a total of 140 ICU nurses who were selected by Jiangsu Province Hospital to work in Wuhan (the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic in China) on February 3, 2020. A questionnaire, Somatic symptom disorders for ICU nurses in Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, was designed based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to cluster the symptoms and logistic regression analysis to find the risk factors of the symptoms. Five major symptoms were chest discomfort and palpitation (31.4%), dyspnea (30.7%), nausea (21.4%), headache (19.3%), and dizziness (17.9%). In exploratory factor analysis, the symptoms were classified into three clusters: Cluster A of breathing and sleep disturbances (dizziness, sleepiness, and dyspnea); Cluster B of gastrointestinal complaints and pain (nausea and headache), and Cluster C of general symptoms (xerostomia, fatigue, as well as chest discomfort and palpitation). In Cluster A, urine/feces splash, sex, and sputum splash were independent predictive factors. In Cluster B, fall of protective glasses and urine/feces splash were independent predictive factors. In Cluster C, urine/feces splash and urine/feces clearance were independent predictive factors. The ICU nurses in Wuhan showed varying and overlapping SSDs. These SSDs could be classified into three symptom clusters. Based on the characteristics of their SSDs, specific interventions could be implemented to safeguard the health of ICU nurses."}, {"pmid": 32236856, "pmcid": "PMC7110271", "title": "Ultra-high-resolution computed tomography can demonstrate alveolar collapse in novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Iwasawa, Tae", "Sato, Midori", "Yamaya, Takafumi", "Sato, Yozo", "Uchida, Yoshinori", "Kitamura, Hideya", "Hagiwara, Eri", "Komatsu, Shigeru", "Utsunomiya, Daisuke", "Ogura, Takashi"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236856", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To review the chest computed tomography (CT) findings on the ultra-high-resolution CT (U-HRCT) in patients with the Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In February 2020, six consecutive patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (median age, 69\u00a0years) underwent U-HR CT imaging. U-HR-CT has a larger matrix size of 1024\u2009\u00d7\u20091024 thinner slice thickness of 0.25\u00a0mm and can demonstrate terminal bronchioles in the normal lungs; as a result, Reid's secondary lobules and their abnormalities can be identified. The distribution and hallmarks (ground-glass opacity, consolidation with or without architectural distortion, linear opacity, crazy paving) of the lung opacities on U-HRCT were visually evaluated on a 1\u00a0K monitor by two experienced reviewers. The CT lung volume was measured, and the ratio of the measured lung volume to the predicted total lung capacity (predTLC) based on sex, age and height was calculated. All cases showed crazy paving pattern in U-HRCT. In these lesions, the secondary lobules were smaller than those in the un-affected lungs. CT lung volume decreased in two cases comparing predTLC. U-HRCT can evaluate not only the distribution and hallmarks of COVID-19 pneumonia but also visualize local lung volume loss."}, {"pmid": 32425008, "pmcid": "PMC7206213", "title": "Transmission risk of patients with COVID-19 meeting discharge criteria should be interpreted with caution.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Su, Jun-Wei", "Wu, Wen-Rui", "Lang, Guan-Jing", "Zhao, Hong", "Sheng, Ji-Fang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425008", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of Apr. 22, 2020, the World Health Organization (2020) has reported over 2.4 million confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and 169 151 deaths. Recent articles have uncovered genomic characteristics and clinical features of COVID-19 (Chan et al., 2020; Chang et al., 2020; Guan et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2020), while our understanding of COVID-19 is still limited. As suggested by guidelines promoted by the General Office of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (2020) (from Versions 1 to 6), discharged standards for COVID-19 were still dependent on viral real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests of respiratory specimens, showing that recovered COVID-19 patients with twice negative RT-PCR could meet discharge criteria. Here, we examined two cases in which nucleic acid test results were inconsistent with clinical and radiological findings, leading to suboptimal care."}, {"pmid": 32500135, "title": "Leveraging pharmacy residents during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Mostafavifar, Lisa Glance", "Groff, Lindsey T"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500135", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381640, "title": "Covid-19: Trump says added deaths are necessary price for reopening US businesses.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381640", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306755, "title": "Clinical and Dynamic Computed Tomography Features of 24 Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Jie, Bingkun", "Liu, Xiaojin", "Suo, Huaqian", "Qiao, Guoqing", "Zheng, Qingshui", "Xu, Wanbo", "Liu, Zhenhe"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306755", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the clinical and dynamic computed tomography features of coronavirus disease 2019. We enrolled 24 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 treated at a regional center in Dezhou, China, from January 22 to February 5, 2020, and analyzed data retrospectively. Nineteen cases had close contact with people with coronavirus disease 2019, and five patients denied a travel history in Wuhan City or contact with patients having coronavirus disease 2019. Symptoms were fever, cough, chest tightness, dyspnea, fatigue, and muscle pain. Chest computed tomography showed multiple ground-glass opacities distributed along peribronchial bundles and subpleural areas, often accompanied by bronchiectasis, vascular thickening, and interlobular septal thickening after coronavirus disease 2019 progression. Coronavirus disease 2019 has certain clinical characteristics and typical computed tomography features."}, {"pmid": 32492092, "title": "Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Disease Severity in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Children's Hospital in New York City, New York.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Zachariah, Philip", "Johnson, Candace L", "Halabi, Katia C", "Ahn, Danielle", "Sen, Anita I", "Fischer, Avital", "Banker, Sumeet L", "Giordano, Mirna", "Manice, Christina S", "Diamond, Rebekah", "Sewell, Taylor B", "Schweickert, Adam J", "Babineau, John R", "Carter, R Colin", "Fenster, Daniel B", "Orange, Jordan S", "McCann, Teresa A", "Kernie, Steven G", "Saiman, Lisa"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492092", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Descriptions of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience in pediatrics will help inform clinical practices and infection prevention and control for pediatric facilities. To describe the epidemiology, clinical, and laboratory features of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at a children's hospital and to compare these parameters between patients hospitalized with and without severe disease. This retrospective review of electronic medical records from a tertiary care academically affiliated children's hospital in New York City, New York, included hospitalized children and adolescents (\u226421 years) who were tested based on suspicion for COVID-19 between March 1 to April 15, 2020, and had positive results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from a nasopharyngeal specimen using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. Severe disease as defined by the requirement for mechanical ventilation. Among 50 patients, 27 (54%) were boys and 25 (50%) were Hispanic. The median days from onset of symptoms to admission was 2 days (interquartile range, 1-5 days). Most patients (40 [80%]) had fever or respiratory symptoms (32 [64%]), but 3 patients (6%) with only gastrointestinal tract presentations were identified. Obesity (11 [22%]) was the most prevalent comorbidity. Respiratory support was required for 16 patients (32%), including 9 patients (18%) who required mechanical ventilation. One patient (2%) died. None of 14 infants and 1 of 8 immunocompromised patients had severe disease. Obesity was significantly associated with mechanical ventilation in children 2 years or older (6 of 9 [67%] vs 5 of 25 [20%]; P\u2009=\u2009.03). Lymphopenia was commonly observed at admission (36 [72%]) but did not differ significantly between those with and without severe disease. Those with severe disease had significantly higher C-reactive protein (median, 8.978 mg/dL [to convert to milligrams per liter, multiply by 10] vs 0.64 mg/dL) and procalcitonin levels (median, 0.31 ng/mL vs 0.17 ng/mL) at admission (P\u2009<\u2009.001), as well as elevated peak interleukin 6, ferritin, and D-dimer levels during hospitalization. Hydroxychloroquine was administered to 15 patients (30%) but could not be completed for 3. Prolonged test positivity (maximum of 27 days) was observed in 4 patients (8%). In this case series study of children and adolescents hospitalized with COVID-19, the disease had diverse manifestations. Infants and immunocompromised patients were not at increased risk of severe disease. Obesity was significantly associated with disease severity. Elevated inflammatory markers were seen in those with severe disease."}, {"pmid": 32120965, "pmcid": "PMC7151147", "title": "Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2): First Evidences From International Scientific Literature and Pending Questions.", "journal": "Healthcare (Basel)", "authors": ["Amodio, Emanuele", "Vitale, Francesco", "Cimino, Livia", "Casuccio, Alessandra", "Tramuto, Fabio"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32120965", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December, 2019, a cluster of 27 pneumonia cases of unknown etiology was reported by Chinese health authorities in Wuhan City (China) [...]."}, {"pmid": 32267661, "title": "COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy: Viewpoint of the Milan area surgical community.", "journal": "J Trauma Acute Care Surg", "authors": ["Kurihara, Hayato", "Bisagni, Pietro", "Faccincani, Roberto", "Zago, Mauro"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267661", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243501, "pmcid": "PMC7160284", "title": "First case of COVID-19 in a patient with multiple myeloma successfully treated with tocilizumab.", "journal": "Blood Adv", "authors": ["Zhang, Xuhan", "Song, Kaidi", "Tong, Fei", "Fei, Mingming", "Guo, Hui", "Lu, Zhaohui", "Wang, Jinquan", "Zheng, Changcheng"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243501", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406369, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Shedding from Asymptomatic Patients: Contribution of Potential Extrapulmonary Tissue Reservoirs.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Kalkeri, Raj", "Goebel, Scott", "Sharma, Guru Dutt"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406369", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has already resulted in more than 3 million cases and more than 200,000 deaths globally. Significant clinical presentations of COVID-19 include respiratory symptoms and pneumonia. In a minority of patients, extrapulmonary organs (central nervous system, eyes, heart, and gut) are affected, with detection of viral RNA in bodily secretions (stool, tears, and saliva). Infection of such extrapulmonary organs may serve as a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2, representing a potential source of viral shedding after the cessation of respiratory symptoms in recovered patients or in asymptomatic individuals. It is extremely important to understand this phenomenon, as individuals with intermittent virus shedding could be falsely identified as reinfected and may benefit from ongoing antiviral treatment. The potential of SARS-CoV-2 infection to rapidly disseminate and infect extrapulmonary organs is likely mediated through the nonstructural and accessory proteins of SARS-CoV-2, which act as ligands for host cells, and through evasion of host immune responses. The focus of this perspective is the extrapulmonary tissues affected by SARS-CoV-2 and the potential implications of their involvement for disease pathogenesis and the development of medical countermeasures."}, {"pmid": 32485197, "pmcid": "PMC7261079", "title": "A Novel Cohorting and Isolation Strategy for Suspected COVID-19 Cases during a Pandemic.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Patterson, Benjamin", "Marks, Michael", "Martinez-Garcia, Gema", "Bidwell, Gabriella", "Luintel, Akish", "Ludwig, Dalia", "Parks, Tom", "Gothard, Philip", "Thomas, Rik", "Logan, Sarah", "Shaw, Karen", "Stone, Neil", "Brown, Mike"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic presents a significant infection prevention and control challenge. The admission of large numbers of patients with suspected COVID-19 disease risks overwhelming the capacity to protect other patients from exposure. The delay between clinical suspicion and confirmatory testing adds to the complexity of the problem. We implemented a triage tool aimed at minimising hospital acquired COVID-19 particularly to patients at risk of severe disease. Patients were allocated to triage categories defined by likelihood of COVID-19 and risk of a poor outcome. Category A (low-likelihood; high-risk), B (high-likelihood; high-risk), C (high-likelihood; low-risk) and D (low-likelihood; low-risk). This determined the order of priority for isolation in single-occupancy rooms with Category A the highest. Patients in other groups were cohorted when isolation capacity was limited with additional interventions to reduce transmission. 93 patients were evaluated with 79 (85%) receiving a COVID-19 diagnosis during their admission. Of those without a COVID-19 diagnosis: 10 were initially triaged to Category A; 0 to B; 1 to C and 4 to D. All high risk patients requiring isolation were, therefore, admitted to single-occupancy rooms and protected from exposure. 28 (30%) suspected COVID-19 patients were evaluated to be low risk (groups C & D) and eligible for cohorting. No symptomatic hospital acquired infections were detected in the cohorted patients. Application of a clinical triage tool to guide isolation and cohorting decisions may reduce the risk of hospital acquired transmission of COVID-19 especially to individuals at the greatest of risk of severe disease."}, {"pmid": 32336243, "title": "Anesthesia and COVID-19: What We Should Know and What We Should Do.", "journal": "Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Tang, Linda Y", "Wang, Jingping"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336243", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei, China, and has spread to more than 200 other countries around the world. COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease with continuous human-to-human transmission. The origin of the virus is unknown. Airway manipulations and intubations, which are common during anesthesia procedures may increasingly expose anesthesia providers and intensive care unit team members to SARS-CoV-2. Through a comprehensive review of existing studies on COVID-19, this article presents the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19, reviews current medical management, and suggests ways to improve the safety of anesthetic procedures. Owing to the highly contagious nature of the virus and the lack of therapeutic drugs or vaccines, precautions should be taken to prevent medical staff from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32214240, "title": "Coronavirus shuts down trials of drugs for multiple other diseases.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ledford, Heidi"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32214240", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371192, "pmcid": "PMC7194039", "title": "Using a diagnostic model based on routine laboratory tests to distinguish patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 from those infected with influenza virus.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Luo, Ying", "Yuan, Xu", "Xue, Ying", "Mao, Liyan", "Lin, Qun", "Tang, Guoxing", "Song, Huijuan", "Liu, Weiyong", "Hou, Hongyan", "Wang, Feng", "Sun, Ziyong"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371192", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The differential diagnosis between novel coronavirus pneumonia patients (NCPP) and influenza patients (IP) remains a challenge in clinical practice. Between January 2018 and March 2020, 1,027 NCPP and 1,140 IP were recruited from Tongji hospital. Routine blood examination, biochemical indicators and coagulation function analysis were simultaneously performed in all participants. There was no sex predominance in NCPP. The NCPP were frequently encountered in the sixth and seventh decades of life. The mean age of NCPP (56\u00b116 years) was higher than IP (47\u00b117 years), but without statistical difference. Although most results of routine laboratory tests between NCPP and IP had no significant differences, some laboratory tests showed an obvious change in NCPP. It was observed that NCPP had significantly decreased white blood cells, alkaline phosphatase and d-dimer compared with IP. However, the results of lactate dehydrogenase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and fibrinogen were significantly increased in NCPP compared with IP. The diagnostic model based on a combination of 18 routine laboratory indicators showed an area under the curve of 0.796 (95% CI, 0.777-0.814), with a sensitivity of 46.93% and specificity of 90.09% when using a cut-off value of 0.598. Some routine laboratory results had statistical difference between NCPP and IP. A diagnostic model based on a combination of routine laboratory results provided an adjunct approach in the differential diagnosis between NCPP and IP."}, {"pmid": 32417024, "pmcid": "PMC7198146", "title": "Ultrasound findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in early and late stages: Two case-reports.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Zieleskiewicz, Laurent", "Duclos, Gary", "Dransart-Raye, Ophelie", "Nowobilski, Nicolas", "Bouhemad, Belaid"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417024", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32122468, "pmcid": "PMC7159292", "title": "On the use of corticosteroids for 2019-nCoV pneumonia.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Shang, Lianhan", "Zhao, Jianping", "Hu, Yi", "Du, Ronghui", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122468", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335176, "pmcid": "PMC7177113", "title": "Positive rectal swabs in young patients recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Bin", "Liu, Shuyi", "Dong, Yuhao", "Zhang, Lu", "Zhong, Qingyang", "Zou, Yujian", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335176", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the widely concerned issue about positive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results after discharge in patients recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We identified seven cases of COVID-19 who was readmitted to hospital because of positive RT-PCR after discharge, including three pediatrics and four young adult patients. Six patients had positive rectal swabs but negative throat swabs, and one patient had positive throat swabs. All the patients continued to be asymptomatic and had unchanged chest computed tomography from previous images. The time from hospital discharge to positive RT-PCR after recovery was 7-11 days. The time from positive to negative rectal swabs was 5-23 days. The study might suggest the positive RT-PCR after recovery did not mean disease relapse or virus reinfection. Adding RT-PCR test of rectal swabs to the criteria for discharge or discontinuation of quarantine might be necessary."}, {"pmid": 32302069, "pmcid": "PMC7235504", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion in Humans: A Detailed Protocol for a Serological Assay, Antigen Production, and Test Setup.", "journal": "Curr Protoc Microbiol", "authors": ["Stadlbauer, Daniel", "Amanat, Fatima", "Chromikova, Veronika", "Jiang, Kaijun", "Strohmeier, Shirin", "Arunkumar, Guha Asthagiri", "Tan, Jessica", "Bhavsar, Disha", "Capuano, Christina", "Kirkpatrick, Ericka", "Meade, Philip", "Brito, Ruhi Nichalle", "Teo, Catherine", "McMahon, Meagan", "Simon, Viviana", "Krammer, Florian"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302069", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019, cases of atypical pneumonia were detected in China. The etiological agent was quickly identified as a betacoronavirus (named SARS-CoV-2), which has since caused a pandemic. Several methods allowing for the specific detection of viral nucleic acids have been established, but these only allow detection of the virus during a short period of time, generally during acute infection. Serological assays are urgently needed to conduct serosurveys, to understand the antibody responses mounted in response to the virus, and to identify individuals who are potentially immune to re-infection. Here we describe a detailed protocol for expression of antigens derived from the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that can serve as a substrate for immunological assays, as well as a two-stage serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These assays can be used for research studies and for testing in clinical laboratories. \u00a9 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: Mammalian cell transfection and protein purification Basic Protocol 2: A two-stage ELISA for high-throughput screening of human serum samples for antibodies binding to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32497334, "title": "Letter to the Editor: A Missing Link between SARS-CoV-2 and the Eye?: ACE2 Expression on the Ocular Surface.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Grajewski, Rafael S", "Rokohl, Alexander C", "Becker, Martina", "Dewald, Felix", "Lehmann, Clara", "Fatkenheuer, Gerd", "Cursiefen, Claus", "Klein, Florian", "Heindl, Ludwig M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497334", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327566, "pmcid": "PMC7211107", "title": "One ventilator for two patients: feasibility and considerations of a last resort solution in case of equipment shortage.", "journal": "Thorax", "authors": ["Tonetti, Tommaso", "Zanella, Alberto", "Pizzilli, Giacinto", "Irvin Babcock, Charlene", "Venturi, Sergio", "Nava, Stefano", "Pesenti, Antonio", "Ranieri, V Marco"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327566", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363391, "pmcid": "PMC7239183", "title": "Deducing the N- and O- glycosylation profile of the spike protein of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Glycobiology", "authors": ["Shajahan, Asif", "Supekar, Nitin T", "Gleinich, Anne S", "Azadi, Parastoo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363391", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current emergence of the novel coronavirus pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 demands the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent rapid progress of mortalities. The coronavirus spike (S) protein, which facilitates viral attachment, entry and membrane fusion is heavily glycosylated and plays a critical role in the elicitation of the host immune response. The spike protein is comprised of two protein subunits (S1 and S2), which together possess 22 potential N-glycosylation sites. Herein, we report the glycosylation mapping on spike protein subunits S1 and S2 expressed on human cells through high resolution mass spectrometry. We have characterized the quantitative N-glycosylation profile on spike protein and interestingly, observed unexpected O-glycosylation modifications on the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike protein subunit S1. Even though O-glycosylation has been predicted on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, this is the first report of experimental data for both the site of O-glycosylation and identity of the O-glycans attached on the subunit S1. Our data on the N- and O- glycosylation is strengthened by extensive manual interpretation of each glycopeptide spectra in addition to using bioinformatics tools to confirm the complexity of glycosylation in the spike protein. The elucidation of the glycan repertoire on the spike protein provides insights into the viral binding studies and more importantly, propels research towards the development of a suitable vaccine candidate."}, {"pmid": 32474042, "pmcid": "PMC7255731", "title": "Fatality rate of COVID-19 in patients with malignancies: a sytematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Afshar, Zeinab Mohseni", "Dayani, Maliheh", "Naderi, Medi", "Ghabarveisi, Farnia", "Shiri, Samira", "Rajati, Fatemeh"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474042", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283082, "pmcid": "PMC7151493", "title": "Cardiothoracic Education in the Time of COVID-19: How I Teach It.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Lewis, Erik E", "Taylor, Lauren J", "Hermsen, Joshua L", "McCarthy, Daniel P", "Fiedler, Amy G"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283082", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345749, "title": "Outpatient Management of the Kidney Transplant Recipient during the SARS-CoV-2 Virus Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Gleeson, Shana E", "Formica, Richard N", "Marin, Ethan P"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345749", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402498, "pmcid": "PMC7202810", "title": "Non-evidenced based treatment: An unintended cause of morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Reihani, Hamidreza", "Ghassemi, Mateen", "Mazer-Amirshahi, Maryann", "Aljohani, Bandar", "Pourmand, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402498", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32142979, "pmcid": "PMC7129692", "title": "Li Wenliang, a face to the frontline healthcare worker. The first doctor to notify the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2, (COVID-19), outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Petersen, Eskild", "Hui, David", "Hamer, Davidson H", "Blumberg, Lucille", "Madoff, Lawrence C", "Pollack, Marjorie", "Lee, Shui Shan", "McLellan, Susan", "Memish, Ziad", "Praharaj, Ira", "Wasserman, Sean", "Ntoumi, Francine", "Azhar, Esam Ibraheem", "Mchugh, Timothy D", "Kock, Richard", "Ippolito, Guiseppe", "Zumla, Ali", "Koopmans, Marion"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142979", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365045, "pmcid": "PMC7207014", "title": "Mathematical Modelling to Assess the Impact of Lockdown on COVID-19 Transmission in India: Model Development and Validation.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Ambikapathy, Bakiya", "Krishnamurthy, Kamalanand"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365045", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization has declared the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to be a public health emergency; at present, India is facing a major threat of community spread. We developed a mathematical model for investigating and predicting the effects of lockdown on future COVID-19 cases with a specific focus on India. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a mathematical model and to assess the impact of various lockdown scenarios on COVID-19 transmission in India. A model consisting of a framework of ordinary differential equations was developed by incorporating the actual reported cases in 14 countries. After validation, the model was applied to predict COVID-19 transmission in India for different intervention scenarios in terms of lockdown for 4, 14, 21, 42, and 60 days. We also assessed the situations of enhanced exposure due to aggregation of individuals in transit stations and shopping malls before the lockdown. The developed model is efficient in predicting the number of COVID-19 cases compared to the actual reported cases in 14 countries. For India, the model predicted marked reductions in cases for the intervention periods of 14 and 21 days of lockdown and significant reduction for 42 days of lockdown. Such intervention exceeding 42 days does not result in measurable improvement. Finally, for the scenario of \"panic shopping\" or situations where there is a sudden increase in the factors leading to higher exposure to infection, the model predicted an exponential transmission, resulting in failure of the considered intervention strategy. Implementation of a strict lockdown for a period of at least 21 days is expected to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. However, a further extension of up to 42 days is required to significantly reduce the transmission of COVID-19 in India. Any relaxation in the lockdown may lead to exponential transmission, resulting in a heavy burden on the health care system in the country."}, {"pmid": 32170560, "pmcid": "PMC7088738", "title": "Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Zou, Xin", "Chen, Ke", "Zou, Jiawei", "Han, Peiyi", "Hao, Jie", "Han, Zeguang"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32170560", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been known that, the novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, which is considered similar to SARS-CoV, invades human cells via the receptor angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2). Moreover, lung cells that have ACE2 expression may be the main target cells during 2019-nCoV infection. However, some patients also exhibit non-respiratory symptoms, such as kidney failure, implying that 2019-nCoV could also invade other organs. To construct a risk map of different human organs, we analyzed the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets derived from major human physiological systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, and urinary systems. Through scRNA-seq data analyses, we identified the organs at risk, such as lung, heart, esophagus, kidney, bladder, and ileum, and located specific cell types (i.e., type II alveolar cells (AT2), myocardial cells, proximal tubule cells of the kidney, ileum and esophagus epithelial cells, and bladder urothelial cells), which are vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection. Based on the findings, we constructed a risk map indicating the vulnerability of different organs to 2019-nCoV infection. This study may provide potential clues for further investigation of the pathogenesis and route of 2019-nCoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32204922, "pmcid": "PMC7102523", "title": "COVID-19, a worldwide public health emergency.", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Palacios Cruz, M", "Santos, E", "Velazquez Cervantes, M A", "Leon Juarez, M"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204922", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus outbreak emerged on the 31st of December 2019 in Wuhan, China, causing commotion among the medical community and the rest of the world. This new species of coronavirus has been termed 2019-nCoV and has caused a considerable number of cases of infection and deaths in China and, to a growing degree, beyond China, becoming a worldwide public health emergency. 2019-nCoV has high homology to other pathogenic coronaviruses, such as those originating from bat-related zoonosis (SARS-CoV), which caused approximately 646 deaths in China at the start of the decade. The mortality rate for 2019-nCoV is not as high (approximately 2-3%), but its rapid propagation has resulted in the activation of protocols to stop its spread. This pathogen has the potential to become a pandemic. It is therefore vital to follow the personal care recommendations issued by the World Health Organisation."}, {"pmid": 32483742, "pmcid": "PMC7263181", "title": "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients: outcome and time-course of clinical and biological parameters.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Huette, Pierre", "Beyls, Christophe", "Guilbart, Mathieu", "Coquet, Alexandre", "Berna, Pascal", "Haye, Guillaume", "Roger, Pierre-Alexandre", "Besserve, Patricia", "Bernasinski, Michael", "Dupont, Herve", "Abou-Arab, Osama", "Mahjoub, Yazine"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483742", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394431, "pmcid": "PMC7273041", "title": "OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC STUDIES DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Vinciguerra, Claudia"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394431", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268455, "title": "[Work flow of clinical microbiology laboratory under the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi", "authors": ["Gong, Y L", "Shi, Y L", "Luo, X Q", "Zhang, C", "Liu, M X", "Chen, Y", "Peng, Y Z"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268455", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The burn microbiology laboratory of the author's unit is a second-level biosafety laboratory, which is mainly responsible for handling clinical microbial samples from our department and other departments in the hospital. Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019, in order to ensure the normal development of daily work and the safety of medical staff, the microbiology laboratory has actively adjusted the daily work flow. The specific work flow is summarized as follows to provide reference for the safety protection of peer in clinical microbiology laboratory."}, {"pmid": 32241074, "title": "Australia's primary care COVID-19 response", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Kidd, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241074", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "General practice is absolutely central to national and local responses to COVID-19 in Australia, and the nation is building a response on the basis of its very strong system of primary healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32343608, "title": "Reply to \"Radiologic Findings of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Clinical Correlation Is Recommended\".", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Zhao, Wei", "Xie, Xingzhi", "Liu, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343608", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323978, "pmcid": "PMC7182141", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Wastewater-Based Epidemiology Can Overcome Representativeness and Stigma Issues Related to COVID-19.", "journal": "Environ Sci Technol", "authors": ["Murakami, Michio", "Hata, Akihiko", "Honda, Ryo", "Watanabe, Toru"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323978", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278505, "pmcid": "PMC7142669", "title": "[Hand hygiene and facemasks against COVID-19: Should we consider alternate strategies?]", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Cochereau, I", "Lamirel, C"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278505", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479900, "pmcid": "PMC7256542", "title": "Fatal arrhythmias: Another reason why doctors remain cautious about chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine for treating COVID-19.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Uzelac, Ilija", "Iravanian, Shahriar", "Ashikaga, Hiroshi", "Bhatia, Neal K", "Herndon, Conner", "Kaboudian, Abouzar", "Gumbart, James C", "Cherry, Elizabeth M", "Fenton, Flavio H"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479900", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early during the current COVID-19 pandemic, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) received a significant amount of attention as a potential antiviral treatment, such that it became one of the most commonly prescribed medications for COVID-19 patients. However, not only the effectiveness of HCQ has remained questionable, and mainly based on pre-clinical, and a few small clinical studies, but also HCQ is known to be potentially arrhythmogenic, especially as a result of QT prolongation. To investigate the arrhythmic effects of HCQ as the heightened risk is especially relevant as COVID-19 patients are at a higher risk of cardiac complications and arrhythmias at baseline. Here, we use the optical mapping technique, using voltage-sensitive fluorescent dyes, to illustrate the arrhythmic effects of hydroxychloroquine in ex-vivo guinea pig and rabbit hearts perfused with the upper therapeutic serum doses of HCQ (up to 1000ng/ml). We observe that HCQ markedly increases the action potential dispersion and results in the development of repolarization alternans and initiate polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. These results further highlight the proarrhythmic effects of HCQ."}, {"pmid": 32352920, "title": "MRI appearance of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["C Langenbach, Marcel", "Grosse Hokamp, Nils", "Persigehl, Thorsten", "Bratke, Grischa"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352920", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378325, "pmcid": "PMC7267154", "title": "Preliminary Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Italian Liver Transplant Programs.", "journal": "Liver Transpl", "authors": ["Agnes, Salvatore", "Andorno, Enzo", "Avolio, Alfonso W", "Baccarani, Umberto", "Carraro, Amedeo", "Cescon, Matteo", "Cillo, Umberto", "Colledan, Michele", "De Carlis, Luciano", "De Simone, Paolo", "De Ville De Goyet, Jean", "Di Benedetto, Fabrizio", "Ettorre, Giuseppe M", "Gringeri, Enrico", "Gruttadauria, Salvatore", "Lupo, Luigi G", "Mazzaferro, Vincenzo", "Regalia, Enrico", "Romagnoli, Renato", "Rossi, Giorgio E", "Rossi, Massimo", "Spada, Marco", "Tisone, Giuseppe", "Vennarecci, Giovanni", "Vivarelli, Marco", "Zamboni, Fausto", "Boggi, Ugo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378325", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Liver Transplant Programs in Italy have faced a sequela of management and clinical decision-making problems due to the high incidence in some regions of the country of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The Italian Society for Organ Transplantation (SITO) and the Board of Liver Transplant Program Directors issued a survey to assess the initial impact of this pandemic event on the routine activity of 22 Italian Liver Transplant Programs. One hundred percent of participants completed the survey within a few days. The analysis is presented dividing the centers in two macro-areas: north-central Italy and south-central Italy. The reason for this is that the two areas had a different incidence of the infection and because they have distinctive rates of cadaveric donation. Overall, all centers remained open although a reduction in the activity was noted. Transplant Programs reduced their outpatient activity both in terms of pre-transplant evaluation (68% of the centers) and transplant recipient follow-up (100%); a reduction in transplant activity was observed in the first two weeks of March only in the north-central macro area (23 LTs vs 39 in 2018 and 60 in 2019); overall, SARS-CoV-2 infection was registered for 24 liver transplant recipients and 37 health care providers in liver transplant units. In the perspective of the increasing magnitude of the epidemic, more data will be required to define appropriate strategies for the increasingly complex management of liver transplant patients."}, {"pmid": 32333966, "pmcid": "PMC7177127", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: Is this association driven by the DPP4 receptor? Potential clinical and therapeutic implications.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Barchetta, Ilaria", "Cavallo, Maria Gisella", "Baroni, Marco Giorgio"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333966", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474389, "pmcid": "PMC7250788", "title": "Oral saliva and COVID-19.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Baghizadeh Fini, Maryam"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474389", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Outbreak pneumonia announced in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, had its causative factor classified as a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Since saliva can host several viruses including SARS-CoV-2, the transmission chance of viruses through saliva, particularly those causing respiratory infections, is unavoidable. COVID-19 can be detected through salivary diagnostic testing which has lots of advantages for medical care professionals and patients. It should be noted that not only does saliva offer an ecological niche for the colonization and development of oral microorganisms, but it also prevents the overgrowth of particular pathogens such as viral factors. The aim of this study is to gather all the information about saliva and its association with COVID-19 for the whole health care professionals across the world."}, {"pmid": 32283886, "title": "Love in the time of coronavirus: training and service during COVID-19.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Wong, Chen Seong", "Tay, Woo Chiao", "Hap, Xing Fu", "Chia, Faith Li-Ann"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283886", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268713, "title": "[Investigation on demands for antenatal care services among 2 002 pregnant women during the epidemic of COVID-19 in Shanghai].", "journal": "Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Du, L", "Gu, Y B", "Cui, M Q", "Li, W X", "Wang, J", "Zhu, L P", "Xu, B"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268713", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To identify problems and demands for antenatal care (ANC) among pregnant women in different trimesters of pregnancy in Shanghai for optimizing ANC service during the epidemic of COVID-19. Method: s Organized by maternal and child health care institute in the 16 districts of Shanghai, a cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who came to pregnancy registration in the community health centers or attended ANC in midwifery hospitals from February 7 to February 12, 2020. Consented participating women completed a semi-structured online questionnaire voluntarily. Data was analyzed using frequency,chi-square test and scoring. Result: s A total of 2 002 valid questionnaires were collected from 183 community health centers and 67 midwifery hospitals. About 94.6%(1 894/2 002) of the pregnant women worried about being infected during the COVID-19 epidemic, and 14.7% (294/2 002) demanded for psychological consultation. Time-lapse appointments for ANC were requested by 87.7% (1 756/2 002) of the participants for avoiding presenting themselves in people-density places. Compared with other pregnancy trimesters, pregnant women in the second trimester were more willing to reduce the frequency of ANC (35.2% versus 39.5% versus 48.1%, P<0.01). Compared with multiparas, primiparas were more willing to have online consultation and guidance (49.2% versus 63.8%, P<0.01). Regarding the needs for health knowledge on COVID-19, personal protection against 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was the most concerned for pregnant women, and 71.0% (1 421/2 002) of them preferred to obtain knowledge through health applications, official Weibo and WeChat. Conclusions: Pregnant women in Shanghai critically concern about the risk of 2019-nCoV infections, and highly demand knowledge and measures on prevention and protection from COVID-19. They ask for having time-lapse appointments for ANC and online access to health information and services. Maternal and child care institutes should understand the demands of pregnant women, optimize the means of ANC service, and provide tailored and accessible health education and service for the safety of mother and child."}, {"pmid": 32462422, "pmcid": "PMC7251044", "title": "Navigating COVID-19 in the developing world.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Hodkinson, Bridget", "Singh, Prasun", "Gcelu, Ayanda", "Molano, Wilson Bautista", "Pons-Estel, Guillermo", "Alpizar-Rodriguez, Deshire"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462422", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493791, "title": "COVID-19 diagnostics in context.", "journal": "Sci Transl Med", "authors": ["Weissleder, Ralph", "Lee, Hakho", "Ko, Jina", "Pittet, Mikael J"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493791", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for different types of diagnostics, comparative validation of new tests, faster approval by federal agencies, and rapid production of test kits to meet global demands. In this Perspective, we discuss the utility and challenges of current diagnostics for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32223004, "title": "Art of performing dermoscopy during the times of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): simple change in approach can save the day!", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Jakhar, D", "Kaur, I", "Kaul, S"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223004", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498741, "title": "The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 pandemic in Dentistry.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Vergara-Buenaventura, Andrea", "Chavez-Tunon, Mariella", "Castro-Ruiz, Carmen"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498741", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), strict isolation strategies to limit virus transmission have been applied worldwide. The lockdown has affected and challenged different medical areas. Doctors, nurses, dentists, and other healthcare workers (HCW) are concerned about contagion, not only for themselves but also for their families and colleagues. Furthermore, the oral mucosa has been accepted as a high-risk route of transmission of COVID-19. In many countries, dentists have been forced to stop working during quarantine until further notification. Isolation and its financial impact have produced physical and psychological pressure, depression, social anxiety, or other mental health concerns.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the consequences of past epidemics on mental health and to assess possible aspects that might be associated with mental implications in dentists during COVID -19 pandemic. Finally, some concrete actions to avoid subsequent potential consequences are recommended."}, {"pmid": 32522844, "title": "COVID-19: to be or not to be; that is the diagnostic question.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Coleman, Jamie J", "Manavi, Kaveh", "Marson, Ella J", "Botkai, Adam H", "Sapey, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522844", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first cases in December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread across the globe, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. Early clinical experiences have demonstrated the wide spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 presentations, including various reports of atypical presentations of COVID-19 and possible mimic conditions.This article summarises the current evidence surrounding atypical presentations of COVID-19 including neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, otorhinolaryngology and geriatric features. A case from our hospital of pneumocystis pneumonia initially suspected to be COVID-19 forms the basis for a discussion surrounding mimic conditions of COVID-19. The dual-process model of clinical reasoning is used to analyse the thought processes used to make a diagnosis of COVID-19, including consideration of the variety of differential diagnoses.While SARS-CoV-2 is likely to remain on the differential diagnostic list for a plethora of presentations for the foreseeable future, clinicians should be cautious of ignoring other potential diagnoses due to availability bias. An awareness of atypical presentations allows SARS-CoV-2 to be a differential so that it can be appropriately investigated. A knowledge of infectious mimics prevents COVID-19 from overshadowing other diagnoses, hence preventing delayed diagnosis or even misdiagnosis and consequent adverse outcomes for patients."}, {"pmid": 32476189, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and Vitamin D deficiency - a double trouble.", "journal": "Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed", "authors": ["Alpalhao, Miguel", "Filipe, Paulo"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476189", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179123, "pmcid": "PMC7156239", "title": "Clinical diagnostic value of CT imaging in COVID-19 with multiple negative RT-PCR testing.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hao, Wendong", "Li, Manxiang"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179123", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364443, "pmcid": "PMC7203571", "title": "Reply to Letter to the Editor: \"COVID-19: is the ACE2 just a foe?\"", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Abassi, Zaid A", "Skorecki, Karl", "Heyman, Samuel N", "Kinaneh, Safa", "Armaly, Zaher"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364443", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460829, "pmcid": "PMC7254663", "title": "COVID-19 in breast cancer patients: a cohort at the Institut Curie hospitals in the Paris area.", "journal": "Breast Cancer Res", "authors": ["Vuagnat, Perrine", "Frelaut, Maxime", "Ramtohul, Toulsie", "Basse, Clemence", "Diakite, Sarah", "Noret, Aurelien", "Bellesoeur, Audrey", "Servois, Vincent", "Hequet, Delphine", "Laas, Enora", "Kirova, Youlia", "Cabel, Luc", "Pierga, Jean-Yves", "Bozec, Laurence", "Paoletti, Xavier", "Cottu, Paul", "Bidard, Francois-Clement"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460829", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cancer patients have been reported to be at higher risk of COVID-19 complications and deaths. We report the characteristics and outcome of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during breast cancer treatment at Institut Curie hospitals (ICH, Paris area, France). An IRB-approved prospective registry was set up at ICH on March 13, 2020, for all breast cancer patients with COVID-19 symptoms or radiologic signs. Registered data included patient history, tumor characteristics and treatments, COVID-19 symptoms, radiological features, and outcome. Data extraction was done on April 25, 2020. COVID-19 patients were defined as those with either a positive RNA test or typical, newly appeared lung CT scan abnormalities. Among 15,600 patients actively treated for early or metastatic breast cancer during the last 4\u2009months at ICH, 76 patients with suspected COVID-19 infection were included in the registry and followed. Fifty-nine of these patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 based on viral RNA testing (N\u2009=\u200941) or typical radiologic signs: 37/59 (63%) COVID-19 patients were treated for metastatic breast cancer, and 13/59 (22%) of them were taking corticosteroids daily. Common clinical features mostly consisted of fever and/or cough, while ground-glass opacities were the most common radiologic sign at diagnosis. We found no association between prior radiation therapy fields or extent of radiation therapy sequelae and extent of COVID-19 lung lesions. Twenty-eight of these 59 patients (47%) were hospitalized, and 6 (10%) were transferred to an intensive care unit. At the time of analysis, 45/59 (76%) patients were recovering or had been cured, 10/59 (17%) were still followed, and 4/59 (7%) had died from COVID-19. All 4 patients who died had significant non-cancer comorbidities. In univariate analysis, hypertension and age (>\u200970) were the two factors associated with a higher risk of intensive care unit admission and/or death. This prospective registry analysis suggests that the COVID-19 mortality rate in breast cancer patients depends more on comorbidities than prior radiation therapy or current anti-cancer treatment. Special attention must be paid to comorbidities when estimating the risk of severe COVID-19 in breast cancer patients."}, {"pmid": 32352910, "pmcid": "PMC7199768", "title": "Endovascular Therapy for Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Proposed Algorithm.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Smith, Matthew S", "Bonomo, Jordan", "Knight, William A 4th", "Prestigiacomo, Charles J", "Richards, Christopher T", "Ramser, Evan", "Adeoye, Opeolu", "Bertsch, Stuart", "Shirani, Peyman", "Vagal, Achala", "Fichtenbaum, Carl J", "Housholder, Anne", "Khatri, Pooja", "Kleindorfer, Dawn O", "Broderick, Joseph P", "Grossman, Aaron W"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352910", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427767, "title": "Medical Ethics During a Public Health Crisis: COVID-19.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["White, Peter B", "Cohn, Randy M", "Humbyrd, Casey Jo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427767", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241880, "title": "Drugs and the renin-angiotensin system in covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Aronson, Jeffrey K", "Ferner, Robin E"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241880", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32122812, "pmcid": "PMC7129043", "title": "Traditional Chinese medicine is a resource for drug discovery against 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "J Integr Med", "authors": ["Ling, Chang-Quan"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122812", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282033, "pmcid": "PMC7256359", "title": "Initiating adjunct low-dose hydroxyurea therapy for stroke prevention in children with SCA during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Blood", "authors": ["DeBaun, Michael R"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282033", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417526, "pmcid": "PMC7252188", "title": "A care pathway for the cardiovascular complications of COVID-19: Insights from an institutional response.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Loungani, Rahul S", "Rehorn, Michael R", "Newby, L Kristin", "Katz, Jason N", "Klem, Igor", "Mentz, Robert J", "Jones, W Schuyler", "Vemulapalli, Sreekanth", "Kelsey, Anita M", "Blazing, Michael A", "Piccini, Jonathan P", "Patel, Manesh R"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417526", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, or COVID-19, can result in myocardial injury, heart failure, and arrhythmias. In addition to the viral infection itself, investigational therapies for the infection can interact with the cardiovascular system. As cardiologists and cardiovascular service lines will be heavily involved in the care of patients with COVID-19, our division organized an approach to manage these complications, attempting to balance resource utilization and risk to personnel with optimal cardiovascular care. The model presented can provide a framework for other institutions to organize their own approaches and can be adapted to local constraints, resource availability, and emerging knowledge."}, {"pmid": 32407771, "pmcid": "PMC7213968", "title": "Acute Myocardial Injury at Hospital Admission is Associated with All-cause Mortality in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Ni, Wentao", "Yang, Xiuwen", "Liu, Jie", "Bao, Jing", "Li, Ran", "Xu, Yu", "Guo, Wei", "Hu, Yi", "Gao, Zhancheng"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407771", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352852, "title": "Hydrocolloid dressing strip over bridge of nose to relieve pain and pressure from Filtered Face Piece (FFP) masks during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Ann R Coll Surg Engl", "authors": ["Field, M H", "Rashbrook, J P", "Rodrigues, J N"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499227, "title": "Mission command: applying principles of military leadership to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) crisis: more than just 'mission command'.", "journal": "BMJ Mil Health", "authors": ["Bricknell, Martin"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499227", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226294, "pmcid": "PMC7098034", "title": "Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Zhong, Bao-Liang", "Luo, Wei", "Li, Hai-Mei", "Zhang, Qian-Qian", "Liu, Xiao-Ge", "Li, Wen-Tian", "Li, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226294", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Unprecedented measures have been adopted to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in China. People's adherence to control measures is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. In this study, we investigated Chinese residents' KAP towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise period of the outbreak. An online sample of Chinese residents was successfully recruited via the authors' networks with residents and popular media in Hubei, China. A self-developed online KAP questionnaire was completed by the participants. The knowledge questionnaire consisted of 12 questions regarding the clinical characteristics and prevention of COVID-19. Assessments on residents' attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 included questions on confidence in winning the battle against COVID-19 and wearing masks when going out in recent days. Among the survey completers (n=6910), 65.7% were women, 63.5% held a bachelor degree or above, and 56.2% engaged in mental labor. The overall correct rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 90%. The majority of the respondents (97.1%) had confidence that China can win the battle against COVID-19. Nearly all of the participants (98.0%) wore masks when going out in recent days. In multiple logistic regression analyses, the COVID-19 knowledge score (OR: 0.75-0.90, P<0.001) was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of negative attitudes and preventive practices towards COVID-2019. Most Chinese residents of a relatively high socioeconomic status, in particular women, are knowledgeable about COVID-19, hold optimistic attitudes, and have appropriate practices towards COVID-19. Health education programs aimed at improving COVID-19 knowledge are helpful for Chinese residents to hold optimistic attitudes and maintain appropriate practices. Due to the limited sample representativeness, we must be cautious when generalizing these findings to populations of a low socioeconomic status."}, {"pmid": 32392334, "pmcid": "PMC7239254", "title": "COVID-19 Clinical Trial Oversight at a Major Academic Medical Center: Approach of the Michigan Medicine COVID-19 Clinical Trial Committees.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Spector-Bagdady, Kayte", "Higgins, Peter D R", "Lok, Anna S"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392334", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinicians - eager to offer the best care in the absence of guiding data - have provided patients with COVID-19 diverse clinical interventions. This usage has led to perceptions of efficacy of some interventions that, while receiving media coverage, lack robust evidence. Moving forward, randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) are necessary to ensure that clinicians can treat patients effectively during this outbreak and the next. To do so, academic medical centers must address two key research issues: (1) how to effectively and efficiently determine which trials have the best chance of benefiting current and future patients, and (2) how to establish a transparent and ethical process for subject recruitment while maintaining research integrity and without overburdening patients or staff. We share here the current methods used by the University of Michigan to address these issues."}, {"pmid": 32373996, "title": "The correlation between the spread of COVID-19 infections and weather variables in 30 Chinese provinces and the impact of Chinese government mitigation plans.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Al-Rousan, N", "Al-Najjar, H"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373996", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On February 1, 2020, China announced a novel coronavirus CoVID-19 outbreak to the public. CoVID-19 was classified as an epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although the disease was discovered and concentrated in Hubei Province, China, it was exported to all of the other Chinese provinces and spread globally. As of this writing, all plans have failed to contain the novel coronavirus disease, and it has continued to spread to the rest of the world. This study aimed to explore and interpret the effect of environmental and metrological variables on the spread of coronavirus disease in 30 provinces in China, as well as to investigate the impact of new China regulations and plans to mitigate further spread of infections. This article forecasts the size of the disease spreading based on time series forecasting. The growing size of CoVID-19 in China for the next 210 days is estimated by predicting the expected confirmed and recovered cases. The results revealed that weather conditions largely influence the spread of coronavirus in most of the Chinese provinces. This study has determined that increasing temperature and short-wave radiation would positively increase the number of confirmed cases, mortality rate, and recovered cases. The findings of this study agree with the results of our previous study."}, {"pmid": 32301623, "title": "Sports Medicine in a Time of Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Sports Med", "authors": ["Reider, Bruce"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301623", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339883, "pmcid": "PMC7181977", "title": "Non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies for outbreak of COVID-19 in Hangzhou, China.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Kong, Q", "Jin, H", "Sun, Z", "Kao, Q", "Chen, J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339883", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246317, "pmcid": "PMC7124128", "title": "Difference of coagulation features between severe pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV2 and non-SARS-CoV2.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Yin, Shiyu", "Huang, Ming", "Li, Dengju", "Tang, Ning"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246317", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is commonly complicated with coagulopathy, the difference of coagulation features between severe pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV2 and non-SARS-CoV2 has not been analyzed. Coagulation results and clinical features of consecutive patients with severe pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV2 (COVID group) and non-SARS-CoV2 (non-COVID group) in Tongji hospital were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Whether patients with elevated D-dimer could benefit from anticoagulant treatment was evaluated. There were 449 COVID patients and 104 non-COVID patients enrolled into the study. The 28-day mortality in COVID group was approximately twofold of mortality in non-COVID group (29.8% vs. 15.4%, P\u2009=\u20090.003), COVID group were older (65.1\u2009\u00b1\u200912.0 vs. 58.4\u2009\u00b1\u200918.0, years, P\u2009<\u20090.001) and with higher platelet count (215\u2009\u00b1\u2009100 vs. 188\u2009\u00b1\u200998, \u00d7109/L, P\u2009=\u20090.015), comparing to non-COVID group. The 28-day mortality of heparin users were lower than nonusers In COVID group with D-dimer\u2009>\u20093.0 \u03bcg/mL (32.8% vs. 52.4%, P\u2009=\u20090.017). Patients with severe pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV2 had higher platelet count than those induced by non-SARS-CoV2, and only the former with markedly elevated D-dimer may benefit from anticoagulant treatment."}, {"pmid": 32361529, "pmcid": "PMC7182526", "title": "Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays as a rapid diagnostic for COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Kashir, Junaid", "Yaqinuddin, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361529", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) has emerged, rapidly spreading and severely straining the capacity of the global health community. Many nations are employing combinations of containment and mitigation strategies, where early diagnosis of COVID-19 is vital in controlling illness progression and limiting viral spread within the population. Thus, rapid and accurate methods of early detection are vital to contain COVID-19 and prevent further spread and predicted subsequent infectious waves of viral recurrence in future. Immediately after its initial characterization, Chinese and American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) rapidly employed molecular assays for detection of COVID-19, mostly employing real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. However, such methods require specific expensive items of equipment and highly trained analysts, requiring upwards of 4-8\u00a0h to process. These requirements coupled with associated financial pressures may prevent effective deployment of such diagnostic tests. Loop mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) is method of nucleic acid amplification which exhibits increased sensitivity and specificity are significantly rapid, and do not require expensive reagents or instruments, which aids in cost reduction for coronavirus detection. Studies have shown the successful application of LAMP assays in various forms to detect coronavirus RNA in patient samples, demonstrating that 1-10 copies of viral RNA template per reaction are sufficient for successful detection, ~100-fold more sensitive than conventional RT-PCR methods. Importantly, studies have also now demonstrated the effectiveness of LAMP methodology in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA at significantly low levels, particularly following numerous improvements to LAMP assay protocols. We hypothesise that recent advancements in enhanced LAMP protocols assay perhaps represent the best chance for a rapid and robust assay for field diagnosis of COVID-19, without the requirement of specialized equipment and highly trained professionals to interpret results. Herein, we present our arguments with a view to disseminate such findings, to assist the combat of this virus that is proving so devastating. We hope that this strategy could be applied rapidly, and confirmed for viability with clinical samples, before being rolled out for mass-diagnostic testing in these current times."}, {"pmid": 32253754, "title": "Special Issues on Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment for telemedicine Assessment During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Phillips, Natalie A", "Chertkow, Howard", "Pichora-Fuller, M Kathleen", "Wittich, Walter"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501480, "title": "Continuation versus discontinuation of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers in COVID-19: effects on blood pressure control and mortality.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Cannata, Francesco", "Chiarito, Mauro", "Reimers, Bernhard", "Azzolini, Elena", "Ferrante, Giuseppe", "My, Ilaria", "Viggiani, Giacomo", "Panico, Cristina", "Regazzoli, Damiano", "Ciccarelli, Michele", "Voza, Antonio", "Aghemo, Alessio", "Li, Hongliang", "Wang, Yibin", "Condorelli, Gianluigi", "Stefanini, Giulio G"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501480", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487907, "title": "Coding in the World of COVID-19: Non-Face-to-Face Evaluation and Management Care.", "journal": "Continuum (Minneap Minn)", "authors": ["Cohen, Bruce H", "Busis, Neil A", "Ciccarelli, Luana"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487907", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Almost all medical care in the United States is delivered with the provider and patient in immediate proximity; this model is referred to as face-to-face care. Medical services can be apportioned as procedural care (eg, surgery, radiology, or laboratory testing and others) or cognitive care, also known as Evaluation and Management (E/M) services, in which the provider formulates an assessment and plan after obtaining information from the patient's history, examination, and diagnostic tests.Providing a medical opinion and plan using the telephone as the technology that links the provider and the patient is an example of a non-face-to-face E/M service. Common Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes and the details for how to provide telephone services have been available for decades but have not been reimbursed and therefore were rarely used. In recent years, as new technologies have evolved, there has been slow and steady acceptance that non-face-to-face E/M care can be an adjunct to or replacement for some face-to-face E/M services. These technologies and the descriptors for associated CPT and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) codes were introduced over the past few years and have become known by the generic term telehealth. They have been slowly incorporated into medical practice. Most of these services were introduced in the consumer retail market, in which the cost was borne directly by the patient, or as private contract services, in which the cost was borne by the consulting hospital, such as with telestroke services. In both the consumer retail model and private contract model, the care delivered usually did not involve CPT or HCPCS coding. The adoption of telehealth has been slow, in part because of the initial costs and several regulatory constraints, as well as the reluctance of patients, providers, and the insurance industry to change the concept that medical care could only be delivered when the patient and their provider were in physical proximity.After the COVID-19 pandemic reached the United States, the US Department of Health & Human Services issued a public health emergency and declared a Section 1135 Waiver that lifted many of the administrative constraints. With the need for near-absolute social distancing, this perfect storm has resulted in the immediate adoption of telemedicine, at least for the duration of the pandemic, for cognitive care to be delivered using communication technologies that are already in place. This article discusses the most common forms of non-face-to-face E/M care and the proper coding elements necessary to provide these services."}, {"pmid": 32474908, "title": "Adaptation to SARS-CoV-2 under stress: Role of distorted information.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Sharov, Konstantin S"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474908", "countries": ["Russian Federation"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the time of global SARS-CoV-2 spread across the earth in February 2020, most of countries faced the problem of massive stress of their healthcare systems. In many cases, the structural stress was a result of incorrect allocation of medical care resources. In turn, this misallocation resulted from fear and apprehensions that superseded thorough calculations. A key role in exacerbating the healthcare sector overburdening was played by misleading information on the virus and disease caused by it. In the current paper, we study the situation in Russian healthcare system and advance recommendations how to avoid further crises. (a) Surveying the medical personnel (231 doctors, 317 nurses and 355 ambulance medical workers of lower levels) in five hospitals and six ambulance centres in Moscow. (b) Content analysis of 3164 accounts in Russian segment of social networks (VKontakte, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Odnoklassniki); official and unofficial media (TV, informational webpages). We revealed positive-feedback loop that threatened the sustainability of Russian care sector. The main knot was occupied by incorrect/exaggerated media coverage of COVID-19. General public scared by misinformation in media and social networks, started to panic. This negative social background undermined the productivity of a significant part of medical workers who were afraid of COVID-19 patients. The most serious problems of Russian healthcare sector related to COVID-19 pandemic, were informational problems. The exaggerated information on COVID-19 had big negative influence upon Russian society and healthcare system, despite SARS-CoV-2 relatively low epidemiological hazard."}, {"pmid": 32362339, "pmcid": "PMC7183995", "title": "The COVID-19 intubation experience in Wuhan.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Aziz, Michael F"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362339", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527624, "pmcid": "PMC7274598", "title": "Risk of Virus Contamination Through Surgical Smoke During Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Systematic Review of Literature on a Neglected Issue Revived in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era.", "journal": "Eur Urol Focus", "authors": ["Pavan, Nicola", "Crestani, Alessandro", "Abrate, Alberto", "Nunzio, Cosimo De", "Esperto, Francesco", "Giannarini, Gianluca", "Galfano, Antonio", "Gregori, Andrea", "Liguori, Giovanni", "Bartoletti, Riccardo", "Porpiglia, Francesco", "Simonato, Alchiede", "Trombetta, Carlo", "Tubaro, Andrea", "Ficarra, Vincenzo", "Novara, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527624", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raised concerns about the safety of laparoscopy due to the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diffusion in surgical smoke. Although no case of SARS-CoV-2 contagion related to surgical smoke has been reported, several international surgical societies recommended caution or even discouraged the use of a laparoscopic approach. To evaluate the risk of virus spread due to surgical smoke during surgical procedures. We searched PubMed and Scopus for eligible studies, including clinical and preclinical studies assessing the presence of any virus in the surgical smoke from any surgical procedure or experimental model. We identified 24 studies. No study was found investigating SARS-CoV-2 or any other coronavirus. About other viruses, hepatitis B virus was identified in the surgical smoke collected during different laparoscopic surgeries (colorectal resections, gastrectomies, and hepatic wedge resections). Other clinical studies suggested a consistent risk of transmission for human papillomavirus (HPV) in the surgical treatments of HPV-related disease (mainly genital warts, laryngeal papillomas, or cutaneous lesions). Preclinical studies showed conflicting results, but HPV was shown to have a high risk of transmission. Although all the available data come from different viruses, considering that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been shown in blood and stools, the theoretical risk of virus diffusion through surgical smoke cannot be excluded. Specific clinical studies are needed to understand the effective presence of the virus in the surgical smoke of different surgical procedures and its concentration. Meanwhile, adoption of all the required protective strategies, including preoperative patient nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19, seems mandatory. In this systematic review, we looked at the risk of virus spread from surgical smoke exposure during surgery. Although no study was found investigating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or any other coronavirus, we found that the theoretical risk of virus diffusion through surgical smoke cannot be excluded."}, {"pmid": 32506862, "title": "Effect of Jinhua Qinggan granules on novel coronavirus pneumonia in patients.", "journal": "J Tradit Chin Med", "authors": ["Liu, Zengli", "Li, Xiuhui", "Gou, Chunyan", "Li, Li", "Luo, Xiaolan", "Zhang, Chun", "Zhang, Yin", "Zhang, Jiaying", "Jin, Aihua", "Li, Hongyan", "Zeng, Yuan", "Li, Tongzeng", "Wang, Xiaoju"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506862", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Jinhua Qinggan granules in the treatment of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). Eighty cases of COVID-19 diagnosed from January 24 to February 17, 2020 in Beijing YouAn Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. All 80 patients received symptomatic and supportive treatment. Among them, 44 patients took Jinhua Qinggan granules (treatment group) within 24 h of admission, and the remaining 36 patients either did not take Jinhua Qinggan granules or took the granules for less than 2 d (control group). In this study, we compared the duration of viral nucleic acid detection and of pneumonia absorption improvement between the two groups. Among the 80 cases, 37 were male (46%) and 43 were female (54%) with age ranging from 15 to 86 years, with an average age of 51.19 years. The average duration of viral nucleic acid detection was (7 \u00b1 4) d in the Jinhua Qinggan administration group and (10 \u00b1 4) d for the control group (P = 0.010), following which, nucleic acid tests were negative. Of the two groups, 56.82% in the Jinhua Qinggan treatment group and 27.78% in the control group demonstrated negative nucleic acid tests within 7 d or less. The 7-day viral clearance rate was significantly higher in the Jinhua Qinggan group compared with the control group (P = 0.009). Furthermore, the pneumonia recovery time indicated by chest CT was (8 \u00b1 4) d in the Jinhua Qinggan group, which was significantly shorter than the control group, at (10 \u00b1 5) d (P = 0.021). No adverse reactions were found in the treatment group after taking this medicine. In patients with COVID-19, Jinhua Qinggan granules can effectively shorten the duration of nucleic acid detection and promote the absorption of pneumonia inflammatory exudate without obvious adverse reactions."}, {"pmid": 32385146, "pmcid": "PMC7211108", "title": "The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer perspective on regulation of interleukin-6 signaling in COVID-19-related systemic inflammatory response.", "journal": "J Immunother Cancer", "authors": ["Arnaldez, Fernanda I", "O'Day, Steven J", "Drake, Charles G", "Fox, Bernard A", "Fu, Bingqing", "Urba, Walter J", "Montesarchio, Vincenzo", "Weber, Jeffrey S", "Wei, Haiming", "Wigginton, Jon M", "Ascierto, Paolo Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385146", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has placed an unprecedented burden on healthcare systems around the world. In patients who experience severe disease, acute respiratory distress is often accompanied by a pathological immune reaction, sometimes referred to as 'cytokine storm'. One hallmark feature of the profound inflammatory state seen in patients with COVID-19 who succumb to pneumonia and hypoxia is marked elevation of serum cytokines, especially interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 17 (IL-17), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Initial experience from the outbreaks in Italy, China and the USA has anecdotally demonstrated improved outcomes for critically ill patients with COVID-19 with the administration of cytokine-modulatory therapies, especially anti-IL-6 agents. Although ongoing trials are investigating anti-IL-6 therapies, access to these therapies is a concern, especially as the numbers of cases worldwide continue to climb. An immunology-informed approach may help identify alternative agents to modulate the pathological inflammation seen in patients with COVID-19. Drawing on extensive experience administering these and other immune-modulating therapies, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer offers this perspective on potential alternatives to anti-IL-6 that may also warrant consideration for management of the systemic inflammatory response and pulmonary compromise that can be seen in patients with severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32264802, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 9 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEDT 29 March 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264802", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is the ninth epidemiological report for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reported in Australia as at 23:59 Australian Eastern Daylight Time [AEDT] 29 March 2020. It includes data on COVID-19 cases diagnosed in Australia, the international situation and a review of current evidence."}, {"pmid": 32442939, "title": "[Cardiovascular disease in times of COVID-19].", "journal": "Medicina (B Aires)", "authors": ["Lamelas, Pablo", "Botto, Fernando", "Pedernera, Gustavo", "Alves De Lima, Alberto", "Costabel, Juan Pablo", "Belardi, Jorge"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442939", "countries": ["Argentina"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are increasing reports of a drastic drop in consultations and cardiovascular procedures (including urgencies and emergencies) in regions affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with a consequent marked increase in total mortality that is not fully explained by COVID-19. Cardiovascular disease leads the ranking in deaths in adults in Argentina with 280 deaths per day, and in recent decades we have reduced its mortality by 20-30% through various evidence-based interventions. Herein we conducted predictive analyses to understand what could be the consequences of a worse implementation of those interventions. We estimate that less control of cardiovascular risk factors from April to October 2020 could cause up to 10 500 new preventable cases of cardiovascular disease. In terms of myocardial infarction, a drop from 40% to 60% of the reperfusion treatment could increase mortality by 3% to 5%. A marginal 10% to 15% increase in relative risk of cardiovascular death would be equivalent to an excess of 6000 to 9000 preventable deaths. In conclusion, given the high prevalence and fatality of cardiovascular disease, even a small negative impact on the efficacy of its care will translate into large numbers of people affected in Argentina. It is necessary to inform the authorities and educate the public so cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors remain a health priority, as long as resources exist and minimizing the risk of contagion and spread of the virus."}, {"pmid": 32219356, "pmcid": "PMC7101506", "title": "Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Guo, Tao", "Fan, Yongzhen", "Chen, Ming", "Wu, Xiaoyan", "Zhang, Lin", "He, Tao", "Wang, Hairong", "Wan, Jing", "Wang, Xinghuan", "Lu, Zhibing"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219356", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasing numbers of confirmed cases and mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are occurring in several countries and continents. Information regarding the impact of cardiovascular complication on fatal outcome is scarce. To evaluate the association of underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) and myocardial injury with fatal outcomes in patients with COVID-19. This retrospective single-center case series analyzed patients with COVID-19 at the Seventh Hospital of Wuhan City, China, from January 23, 2020, to February 23, 2020. Analysis began February 25, 2020. Demographic data, laboratory findings, comorbidities, and treatments were collected and analyzed in patients with and without elevation of troponin T (TnT) levels. Among 187 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 144 patients (77%) were discharged and 43 patients (23%) died. The mean (SD) age was 58.50 (14.66) years. Overall, 66 (35.3%) had underlying CVD including hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cardiomyopathy, and 52 (27.8%) exhibited myocardial injury as indicated by elevated TnT levels. The mortality during hospitalization was 7.62% (8 of 105) for patients without underlying CVD and normal TnT levels, 13.33% (4 of 30) for those with underlying CVD and normal TnT levels, 37.50% (6 of 16) for those without underlying CVD but elevated TnT levels, and 69.44% (25 of 36) for those with underlying CVD and elevated TnTs. Patients with underlying CVD were more likely to exhibit elevation of TnT levels compared with the patients without CVD (36 [54.5%] vs 16 [13.2%]). Plasma TnT levels demonstrated a high and significantly positive linear correlation with plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.530, P\u2009<\u2009.001) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.613, P\u2009<\u2009.001). Plasma TnT and NT-proBNP levels during hospitalization (median [interquartile range (IQR)], 0.307 [0.094-0.600]; 1902.00 [728.35-8100.00]) and impending death (median [IQR], 0.141 [0.058-0.860]; 5375 [1179.50-25695.25]) increased significantly compared with admission values (median [IQR], 0.0355 [0.015-0.102]; 796.90 [401.93-1742.25]) in patients who died (P\u2009=\u2009.001; P\u2009<\u2009.001), while no significant dynamic changes of TnT (median [IQR], 0.010 [0.007-0.019]; 0.013 [0.007-0.022]; 0.011 [0.007-0.016]) and NT-proBNP (median [IQR], 352.20 [174.70-636.70]; 433.80 [155.80-1272.60]; 145.40 [63.4-526.50]) was observed in survivors (P\u2009=\u2009.96; P\u2009=\u2009.16). During hospitalization, patients with elevated TnT levels had more frequent malignant arrhythmias, and the use of glucocorticoid therapy (37 [71.2%] vs 69 [51.1%]) and mechanical ventilation (41 [59.6%] vs 14 [10.4%]) were higher compared with patients with normal TnT levels. The mortality rates of patients with and without use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers was 36.8% (7 of 19) and 25.6% (43 of 168). Myocardial injury is significantly associated with fatal outcome of COVID-19, while the prognosis of patients with underlying CVD but without myocardial injury is relatively favorable. Myocardial injury is associated with cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias. Inflammation may be a potential mechanism for myocardial injury. Aggressive treatment may be considered for patients at high risk of myocardial injury."}, {"pmid": 32273488, "pmcid": "PMC7240247", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Children and Pediatricians.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Kulkarni, Rajesh K", "Kinikar, Aarti A", "Chandanwale, Ajay"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273488", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32280058, "pmcid": "PMC7194616", "title": "Early nutritional supplementation in non-critically ill patients hospitalized for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Rationale and feasibility of a shared pragmatic protocol.", "journal": "Nutrition", "authors": ["Caccialanza, Riccardo", "Laviano, Alessandro", "Lobascio, Federica", "Montagna, Elisabetta", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Ludovisi, Serena", "Corsico, Angelo Guido", "Di Sabatino, Antonio", "Belliato, Mirko", "Calvi, Monica", "Iacona, Isabella", "Grugnetti, Giuseppina", "Bonadeo, Elisa", "Muzzi, Alba", "Cereda, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32280058", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Beginning in December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a pneumonia epidemic that began in Wuhan, China, and is rapidly spreading throughout the whole world. Italy is the hardest hit country after China. Considering the deleterious consequences of malnutrition, which certainly can affect patients with COVID-19, the aim of this article is to present a pragmatic protocol for early nutritional supplementation of non-critically ill patients hospitalized for COVID-19 disease. It is based on the observation that most patients present at admission with severe inflammation and anorexia leading to a drastic reduction of food intake, and that a substantial percentage develops respiratory failure requiring non-invasive ventilation or even continuous positive airway pressure. High-calorie dense diets in a variety of different consistencies with highly digestible foods and snacks are available for all patients. Oral supplementation of whey proteins as well as intravenous infusion of multivitamin, multimineral trace elements solutions are implemented at admission. In the presence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficit, cholecalciferol is promptly supplied. If nutritional risk is detected, two to three bottles of protein-calorie oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are provided. If <2 bottles/d of ONS are consumed for 2 consecutive days and/or respiratory conditions are worsening, supplemental/total parenteral nutrition is prescribed. We are aware that our straight approach may be debatable. However, to cope with the current emergency crisis, its aim is to promptly and pragmatically implement nutritional care in patients with COVID-19, which might be overlooked despite being potentially beneficial to clinical outcomes and effective in preventing the consequences of malnutrition in this patient population."}, {"pmid": 32493073, "title": "COVID-19 Presented With Deep Vein Thrombosis: An Unusual Presenting.", "journal": "J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep", "authors": ["Davoodi, Lotfollah", "Jafarpour, Hamed", "Taghavi, Morteza", "Razavi, Alireza"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493073", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization was informed of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The pneumonia was caused by a virus called SARS-Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which was later named coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). The symptoms most commonly reported by patients affected by COVID-19 include fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. In this report, we present a case of a 57-year-old woman who presented to the clinic's infectious department with swelling, pain, warmth, and redness in the left leg who was treated with therapeutic heparin. There were no typical and distinguished symptoms of COVID-19, and she had no risk factor for deep vein thrombosis. Then chest X-ray revealed bilateral patchy ground-glass opacity, and computed tomography angiography was performed to rule out pulmonary thromboembolism, which showed no evidence of thrombosis. Left lower limb venous color Doppler ultrasound revealed dilatation and thrombosis in the external iliac and left iliac veins up to the level of the bifurcation of the common iliac veins, as well as thrombosis to the superficial and small saphenous veins. Because of ground-glass opacity and lymphopenia, nasal swabs were used for sampling, and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This case aims to arouse the medical staff's awareness of deep vein thrombosis as a clinical symptom of COVID-19 even if the patient has no typical symptoms of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32417315, "pmcid": "PMC7224683", "title": "Short-term outcomes in individuals aged 75 or older with severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19): First observations from an infectious diseases unit in Southern Italy.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Bruno, Giuseppe", "Perelli, Serena", "Fabrizio, Claudia", "Buccoliero, Giovanni Battista"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417315", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373571, "pmcid": "PMC7186444", "title": "Coronavirus Pandemic (SARS-COV-2): Pre-Exercise Screening Questionnaire (PESQ) for Telepresential Exercise.", "journal": "Front Public Health", "authors": ["de Oliveira Neto, Leonidas", "de Oliveira Tavares, Vagner Deuel", "Schuch, Felipe Barreto", "Lima, Kenio Costa"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373571", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281214, "pmcid": "PMC7262273", "title": "Performance of electrophysiology procedures at an academic medical center amidst the 2020 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Rubin, Geoffrey A", "Biviano, Angelo", "Dizon, Jose", "Yarmohammadi, Hirad", "Ehlert, Frederick", "Saluja, Deepak", "Rubin, David A", "Morrow, John P", "Waase, Marc", "Berman, Jeremy", "Kushnir, Alexander", "Abrams, Mark P", "Garan, Hasan", "Wan, Elaine Y"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281214", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic occurred at the start of 2020 and is already responsible for more than 74\u2009000 deaths worldwide, just over 100 years after the influenza pandemic of 1918. At the center of the crisis is the highly infectious and deadly SARS-CoV-2, which has altered everything from individual daily lives to the global economy and our collective consciousness. Aside from the pulmonary manifestations of disease, there are likely to be several electrophysiologic (EP) sequelae of COVID-19 infection and its treatment, due to consequences of myocarditis and the use of QT-prolonging drugs. Most crucially, the surge in COVID-19 positive patients that have already overwhelmed the New York City hospital system requires conservation of hospital resources including personal protective equipment (PPE), reassignment of personnel, and reorganization of institutions, including the EP laboratory. In this proposal, we detail the specific protocol changes that our EP department has adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic, including performance of only urgent/emergent procedures, after hours/7-day per week laboratory operation, single attending-only cases to preserve PPE, appropriate use of PPE, telemedicine and video chat follow-up appointments, and daily conferences to collectively manage the clinical and ethical dilemmas to come. We discuss also discuss how we perform EP procedures on presumed COVID positive and COVID tested positive patients to highlight issues that others in the EP community may soon face in their own institution as the virus continues to spread nationally and internationally."}, {"pmid": 32297868, "pmcid": "PMC7164944", "title": "Global Preparedness Against COVID-19: We Must Leverage the Power of Digital Health.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Mahmood, Sultan", "Hasan, Khaled", "Colder Carras, Michelle", "Labrique, Alain"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297868", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed many areas of public health preparedness that are lacking, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Digital interventions provide many opportunities for strengthening health systems and could be vital resources in the current public health emergency. We provide several use cases for infection control, home-based diagnosis and screening, empowerment through information, public health surveillance and epidemiology, and leveraging crowd-sourced data. A thoughtful, concerted effort-leveraging existing experience and robust enterprise-grade technologies-can have a substantive impact on the immediate and distal consequences of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32367551, "pmcid": "PMC7267491", "title": "Convert to open: the new paradigm for surgery during COVID-19?", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Di Saverio, S", "Pata, F", "Khan, M", "Ietto, G", "Zani, E", "Carcano, G"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367551", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377489, "pmcid": "PMC7198094", "title": "Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Sahu, Pradeep"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377489", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originated in Wuhan city of China, has spread rapidly around the world, sending billions of people into lockdown. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus epidemic a pandemic. In light of rising concern about the current COVID-19 pandemic, a growing number of universities across the world have either postponed or canceled all campus events such as workshops, conferences, sports, and other activities. Universities are taking intensive measures to prevent and protect all students and staff members from the highly infectious disease. Faculty members are already in the process of transitioning to online teaching platforms. In this review, the author will highlight the potential impact of the terrible COVID-19 outbreak on the education and mental health of students and academic staff."}, {"pmid": 32270376, "pmcid": "PMC7140590", "title": "Commentary on Ferguson, et al., \"Impact of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) to Reduce COVID-19 Mortality and Healthcare Demand\".", "journal": "Bull Math Biol", "authors": ["Eubank, S", "Eckstrand, I", "Lewis, B", "Venkatramanan, S", "Marathe, M", "Barrett, C L"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270376", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent manuscript (Ferguson et al. in Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand, Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team, London, 2020. https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-COVID19-NPI-modelling-16-03-2020.pdf) from Imperial College modelers examining ways to mitigate and control the spread of COVID-19 has attracted much attention. In this paper, we will discuss a coarse taxonomy of models and explore the context and significance of the Imperial College and other models in contributing to the analysis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32400146, "title": "Triage of functional, female and neuro-urology patients during and immediately after the Covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Minerva Urol Nefrol", "authors": ["Finazzi Agro, Enrico", "Farullo, Giuseppe", "Balzarro, Matteo", "Del Popolo, Giulio", "Giannantoni, Antonella", "Herms, Achim", "Li Marzi, Vincenzo", "Musco, Stefania", "Giammo, Alessandro", "Costantini, Elisabetta"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492991, "title": "Utility of lateral flow tests in SARS-CoV-2 infection monitorization.", "journal": "Rev Esp Quimioter", "authors": ["Candel, F J", "Vinuela-Prieto, J M", "Gonzalez Del Castillo, J", "Barreiro Garcia, P", "Fragiel Saavedra, M", "Hernandez Piriz, A", "Jimenez Virumbrales, D", "Canora Lebrato, J", "Garcia de Casasola, G", "Gil Prieto, R", "San-Roman Montero, J", "Ortega Anselmi, J", "Barba Martin, R", "Prados Roa, F", "Marco Martinez, J", "Zapatero Gaviria, A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492991", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for medical and public health reasons, to allow the best treatment of cases and the best control of the pandemic. Serology testing allows for the detection of asymptomatic infections and 19-COVID cases once the virus has been cleared. We analyzed the usefulness of the SARS-CoV-2 rapid test of Autobio and tried to correlate its pattern with the severity of COVID19 infection. We analyzed the accuracy and clinical usefulness of a point-of-care IgM and/or IgG test for SARS-CoV-2 in 35 COVID-19 patients [12 (34.3%) mild-moderate and 23 (65.7%) severe-critical] admitted to a field hospital in Madrid, as well as in 5 controls. The mean time from the first day of symptoms to the antibody test was 28 days (SD: 8.7), similar according to the severity of the disease. All patients with SARS-CoV-2 PCR+ showed the corresponding IgG positivity, while these results were negative in all control individuals. A total of 26 (74%) cases also presented with positive IgM, 19 (83%) were severe-critical cases and 7 (58%) were mild-moderate cases. The IgM response lasted longer in the severe critical cases (mean: 29.7 days; SD: 8.4) compared to the moderate cases (mean: 21.2 days; SD: 2.0).. Rapid serology tests are useful for the diagnosis of patients with COVID-19 (mainly IgG detection) and may also be correlated with the severity of the infection (based on IgM detection)."}, {"pmid": 32399914, "pmcid": "PMC7217342", "title": "COVID-19 and the International Academy of Sex Research: We Will Be Back.", "journal": "Arch Sex Behav", "authors": ["Mustanski, Brian", "Vilain, Eric", "Dworkin, Shari L", "Suschinsky, Kelly D", "Zucker, Kenneth J"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399914", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251649, "pmcid": "PMC7194667", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: staged management of surgical services for gynecology and obstetrics.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Weber LeBrun, Emily E", "Moawad, Nash S", "Rosenberg, Eric I", "Morey, Timothy E", "Davies, Laurie", "Collins, William O", "Smulian, John C"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251649", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic warrants an unprecedented global healthcare response requiring maintenance of existing hospital-based services while simultaneously preparing for high-acuity care for infected and sick individuals. Hospitals must protect patients and the diverse healthcare workforce by conserving personal protective equipment and redeployment of facility resources. While each hospital or health system must evaluate their own capabilities and surge capacity, we present principles of management of surgical services during a health emergency and provide specific guidance to help with decision making. We review the limited evidence from past hospital and community responses to various health emergencies and focus on systematic methods for adjusting surgical services to create capacity, addressing the specific risks of coronavirus disease 2019. Successful strategies for tiered reduction of surgical cases involve multidisciplinary engagement of the entire healthcare system and use of a structured risk-assessment categorization scheme that can be applied across the institution. Our institution developed and operationalized this approach over 3 working days, indicating that immediate implementation is feasible in response to an unforeseen healthcare emergency."}, {"pmid": 32303363, "pmcid": "PMC7138375", "title": "[COVID-19 pandemia: Impact on the cariovascular system. Data of 1(st) April 2020].", "journal": "Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris)", "authors": ["El Boussadani, B", "Benajiba, C", "Aajal, A", "Ait Brik, A", "Ammour, O", "El Hangouch, J", "Oussama, O", "Oussama, B", "Tahiri, N", "Raissuni, Z"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303363", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects host cells with angiotensin receptors, leading to pneumonia linked to COVID-19. The virus has a double impact on the cardiovascular system, the infection will be more intense if the host has cardiovascular co-morbidities and the virus can cause life-threatening cardiovascular lesions. Therapies associated with COVID-19 may have adverse cardiovascular effects. Therefore, special attention should be given to cardiovascular protection during COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32483497, "pmcid": "PMC7253081", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Craen, Alexandra", "Logan, Gideon", "Ganti, Latha"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483497", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease\u00a02019 (COVID-19) has had a profound impact on\u00a0healthcare systems around the world. The emergency department (ED) in particular has become the frontline for the identification and care of these patients. While its effects on respiratory symptoms are well recognized, neurologic manifestations have been rarer. We report the case of a patient who presented in cardiac arrest with the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The patient was found to have subarachnoid hemorrhage and later tested positive for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32363226, "pmcid": "PMC7194972", "title": "A mild type of childhood Covid-19 - A case report.", "journal": "Radiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yin, Xiaoping", "Dong, Li", "Zhang, Yu", "Bian, Weilin", "Li, Hongjun"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363226", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case is about a 9-year-old child diagnosed with COVID-19, with a history of epidemiology; SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids testing was positive, while chest CT examination was negative. The clinical classification was light. Nonetheless, isolation measures should still be taken to avoid infecting others."}, {"pmid": 32371006, "pmcid": "PMC7183939", "title": "Diarrhea: An underestimated symptom in Coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Klopfenstein, Timothee", "Kadiane-Oussou, N'dri Juliette", "Royer, Pierre-Yves", "Toko, Lynda", "Gendrin, Vincent", "Zayet, Souheil"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371006", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a retrospective study in the Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 hospital conducted between March 1st and March 17th 2020, and compared to the review of Li et al., diarrhea was a main symptom in patients with COVID-19. Out of the 114 patients, 55 (48%) had diarrhea; it was the fifth most common symptom. In the group of patients with diarrhea, the median age was 56 years (\u00b118) and 32 (58%) were female. Only 2 patients (3.6%) had a past history of inflammatory bowel disease. Fifty-six percent of patients (n=30/54) were hospitalised. Diarrhea appeared 4.5 days (\u00b11.8) after the onset of the first other symptoms in COVID-19. Of the 55 patients with diarrhea, 29 (52.7%) had at least one simultaneous gastrointestinal (GI) symptom other than diarrhea. Twenty-five patients (45.5%) had nausea, 19 patients (34.5%) had abdominal pain and 9 (16.3%) had vomiting. Myalgia, sore throat, sneezing and the other GI symptoms were statistically more frequent in the group with diarrhea than in the group without diarrhea (P<0.05)."}, {"pmid": 32364122, "pmcid": "PMC7183285", "title": "Neurological infections during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Lopez-Blanco, R", "Cazorla-Garcia, R", "Barbero-Bordallo, N", "Fernandez-Ferro, J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364122", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268051, "title": "Optimisation of Vitamin D Status for Enhanced Immuno-protection Against Covid-19.", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["McCartney, D M", "Byrne, D G"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268051", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525802, "title": "Prioritization and management recommendations of pediatric urology conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can Urol Assoc J", "authors": ["Keefe, Daniel T", "Rickard, Mandy", "Anderson, Peter", "Bagli, Darius", "Blais, Anne-Sophie", "Bolduc, Stephane", "Braga, Luis H", "Brownrigg, Natasha", "Chua, Michael", "Dave, Sumit", "Santos, Joana Dos", "Guerra, Luis", "Hayashi, Allen H", "Keays, Melise A", "Kim, Soojin", "Koyle, Martin A", "Lee, Linda C", "Lorenzo, Armando J", "MacLellan, Dawn", "MacDonald, Landan", "MacNeily, Andrew E", "Metcalfe, Peter D", "Moore, Katherine", "Romao, Rodrigo L P", "Wang, Peter Z T"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525802", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313784, "pmcid": "PMC7163336", "title": "Changes in Subway Ridership in Response to COVID-19 in Seoul, South Korea: Implications for Social Distancing.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Park, Jewel"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313784", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction While numerous episodes of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and subsequent government announcements in South Korea were accompanied by widespread social distancing efforts by the people, it is unclear whether these episodes and government announcements were actually influential in improving social distancing, or whether the level of response among different demographic groups varied. Methods Data were downloaded from Seoul Data Open Plaza, and changes in the number of passengers on the Seoul Metropolitan Subway network between January 1, 2020, and March 31, 2020, were used to assess the extent to which people in Seoul practiced social distancing. Five events regarding COVID-19 that received wide public attention between January and March 2020 were identified and the changes in the number of passengers before and after each event were analyzed. Also, similar analyses were performed for 16 stations that were specific in either the age or purpose of the visit of the\u00a0passengers. Results Compared to the third week of January 2020 (January 13-19), the mean daily number of passengers in all stations decreased by 2,984,857.4 or 40.6% by the first week of March (March 2-8). The percentage decrease in individual stations between this period was not significantly different between \"young\" and \"old\" stations (46.3% vs. 49.2%; p\u00a0= 0.551) but was significantly smaller in \"work\" stations than in \"leisure\" stations (36.2% vs. 51.6%; p\u00a0= 0.021). Of the five events, the first reported death due to COVID-19 in South Korea and the identification of a mass infection cluster in Daegu on February 20 were accompanied by the greatest decrease of the mean daily number of passengers (1,352,153.3\u00a0or 20.8%), while the first mass infection in Seoul on March 10 and the announcement of aggressive social distancing campaign on March 22 were accompanied by an increase in the number of passengers. Conclusions The number of subway passengers in Seoul decreased markedly during late February but slowly increased afterward, suggesting decreasing levels of risk perception and adherence to social distancing. Understanding the differing patterns of subway use by age or purpose of the visit may guide policymakers and the general public in shaping their future response to the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32504767, "title": "Ventilation and airway management during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Sorbello, Massimiliano", "Di Giacinto, Ida", "Falcetta, Stefano", "Greif, Robert"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504767", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32085850, "pmcid": "PMC7129690", "title": "Initiation of a new infection control system for the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Xuejiao", "Tian, Junzhang", "Li, Guanming", "Li, Guowei"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32085850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362298, "pmcid": "PMC7218181", "title": "Electronic screening through community engagement: A national strategic plan to find COVID-19 patients and reduce clinical intervention delays.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad", "Gholizadeh, Masoumeh"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322898, "pmcid": "PMC7188132", "title": "Double-Edged Spike.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Torres, Richard", "Rinder, Henry M"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322898", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275309, "pmcid": "PMC7184424", "title": "Safety Considerations in the Laboratory Testing of Specimens Suspected or Known to Contain the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Lab Med", "authors": ["Iwen, Peter C", "Stiles, Karen L", "Pentella, Michael A"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236301, "title": "Coronavirus 2020.", "journal": "Rev Bras Enferm", "authors": ["Belasco, Angelica Goncalves Silva", "Fonseca, Cassiane Dezoti da"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236301", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471696, "pmcid": "PMC7202321", "title": "Consensus Guidelines for Interventional Cardiology Services Delivery During COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia and New Zealand.", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Lo, S T H", "Yong, A S", "Sinhal, A", "Shetty, S", "McCann, A", "Clark, D", "Galligan, L", "El-Jack, S", "Sader, M", "Tan, R", "Hallani, H", "Barlis, P", "Sechi, R", "Dictado, E", "Walton, A", "Starmer, G", "Bhagwandeen, R", "Leung, D Y", "Juergens, C P", "Bhindi, R", "Muller, D W M", "Rajaratnum, R", "French, J K", "Kritharides, L"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471696", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427165, "pmcid": "PMC7228430", "title": "Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Wellbeing: Serial Mediation by Rumination and Fear of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Satici, Begum", "Saricali, Mehmet", "Satici, Seydi Ahmet", "Griffiths, Mark D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427165", "countries": ["Turkey"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become globally widespread with millions of confirmed cases and many countries implementing various levels of quarantine. Therefore, it is important to investigate the psychological consequences of this process, given the unique situation that has been experienced globally. Therefore, the present study examined whether intolerance of uncertainty was related to mental wellbeing and whether this relationship was mediated by rumination and fear of COVID-19. The sample comprised 1772 Turkish individuals (aged between 18 and 73\u00a0years) from 79 of 81 cities in Turkey, who completed measures of mental wellbeing, intolerance of uncertainty, rumination, and fear of COVID-19. Results of serial mediation analyses showed that intolerance of uncertainty had a significant direct effect on mental wellbeing. Rumination and fear of COVID-19, in combination, serially mediated the association between intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellbeing. The findings are discussed within the framework of the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and related literature."}, {"pmid": 32519256, "title": "Chest X-ray in new Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: findings and correlation with clinical outcome.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Cozzi, Diletta", "Albanesi, Marco", "Cavigli, Edoardo", "Moroni, Chiara", "Bindi, Alessandra", "Luvara, Silvia", "Lucarini, Silvia", "Busoni, Simone", "Mazzoni, Lorenzo Nicola", "Miele, Vittorio"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519256", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study is to describe the main chest radiological features (CXR) of COVID-19 and correlate them with clinical outcome. This is a retrospective study involving patients with clinical-epidemiological suspect of COVID-19 infection, who performed CXRs at the emergency department (ED) of our University Hospital from March 1 to March 31, 2020. All patients performed RT-PCR nasopharyngeal and throat swab, CXR at the ED and clinical-epidemiological data. RT-PCR results were considered the reference standard. The final outcome was expressed as discharged or hospitalized patients into a medicine department or intensive care unit (ICU). Patients that had a RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 infection were 234 in total: 153 males (65.4%) and 81 females (34.6%), with a mean age of 66.04 years (range 18-97 years). Thirteen CXRs were negative for radiological thoracic involvement (5.6%). The following alterations were more commonly observed: 135 patients with lung consolidations (57.7%), 147 (62.8%) with GGO, 55 (23.5%) with nodules and 156 (66.6%) with reticular-nodular opacities. Patients with consolidations and GGO coexistent in the same radiography were 35.5% of total. Peripheral (57.7%) and lower zone distribution (58.5%) were the most common predominance. Moreover, bilateral involvement (69.2%) was most frequent than unilateral one. Baseline CXR sensitivity in our experience is about 67.1%. The most affected patients were especially males in the age group 60-79 years old (45.95%, of which 71.57% males). RALE score was slightly higher in male than in female patients. ANOVA with Games-Howell post hoc showed significant differences of RALE scores for group 1 vs 3 (p\u2009<\u20090.001) and 2 vs 3 (p\u2009=\u20090.001). Inter-reader agreement in assigning RALE score was very good (ICC: 0.92-with 95% confidence interval 0.88-0.95). In COVID-19, CXR shows patchy or diffuse reticular-nodular opacities and consolidation, with basal, peripheral and bilateral predominance. In our experience, baseline CXR had a sensitivity of 68.1%. The RALE score can be used in the emergency setting as a quantitative method of the extent of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, correlating with an increased risk of ICU admission."}, {"pmid": 32502303, "title": "Rheumatic diseases during pregnancy and SARS-CoV-2: An appeal for medication adherence.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Scioscia, Marco", "Praino, Emanuela", "Scioscia, Crescenzio"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has raised concerns among physicians and their patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs) as the risk of infection was believed to be increased due to altered immune system activity that is typical of RDs and possibly worsened by glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs.[1] An appeal for adherence to therapy was shared among rheumatologists, but special attention should be paid to pregnant women who suffer from RDs."}, {"pmid": 32439646, "title": "Hemorrhagic Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome as a Manifestation of COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Franceschi, A M", "Ahmed, O", "Giliberto, L", "Castillo, M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439646", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe 2 hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) infection in whom brain imaging showed hemorrhagic posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and we discuss the possible reasons for these findings and their relationship to the infection."}, {"pmid": 32389859, "pmcid": "PMC7204727", "title": "Brief recommendations on the management of adult patients with familial hypercholesterolemia during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Banach, Maciej", "Penson, Peter E", "Fras, Zlatko", "Vrablik, Michal", "Pella, Daniel", "Reiner, Zeljko", "Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad", "Sahebkar, Amirhossein", "Kayikcioglu, Meral", "Daccord, Magdalena"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389859", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Individuals with Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) are at very high risk of cardiovascular disease, which is associated with poor outcomes from coronavirus infections. COVID-19 puts strain on healthcare systems and may impair access to routine FH services. On behalf of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) and the European FH Patient Network (FH Europe), we present brief recommendations on the management of adult patients with FH during the COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss the implications of COVID-19 infections for FH patients, the importance of continuing lipid-lowering therapy where possible, issues relating to safety monitoring and service delivery. We summarise the evidence for additional benefits of statins and other lipid-lowering drugs during viral infections. The recommendations do not override in any way the individual responsibility of physicians to make appropriate and accurate decisions taking into account the condition of a given patient and the doses, rules, and regulations applicable to drugs and devices at the time of their prescription/use."}, {"pmid": 32306149, "pmcid": "PMC7165256", "title": "Covid-19 epidemic in Italy: evolution, projections and impact of government measures.", "journal": "Eur J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Sebastiani, Giovanni", "Massa, Marco", "Riboli, Elio"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306149", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report on the Covid-19 epidemic in Italy in relation to the extraordinary measures implemented by the Italian Government between the 24th of February and the 12th of March. We analysed the Covid-19 cumulative incidence (CI) using data from the 1st to the 31st of March. We estimated that in Lombardy, the worst hit region in Italy, the observed Covid-19\u00a0CI diverged towards values lower than the ones expected in the absence of government measures approximately 7-10\u00a0days after the measures implementation. The Covid-19\u00a0CI growth rate peaked in Lombardy the 22nd of March and in other regions between the 24th and the 27th of March. The CI growth rate peaked in 87 out of 107 Italian provinces on average 13.6\u00a0days after the measures implementation. We projected that the CI growth rate in Lombardy should substantially slow by mid-May 2020. Other regions should follow a similar pattern. Our projections assume that the government measures will remain in place during this period. The evolution of the epidemic in different Italian regions suggests that the earlier the measures were taken in relation to the stage of the epidemic, the lower the total cumulative incidence achieved during this epidemic wave. Our analyses suggest that the government measures slowed and eventually reduced the Covid-19\u00a0CI growth where the epidemic had already reached high levels by mid-March (Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna\u00a0and Veneto) and prevented the rise of the epidemic\u00a0in\u00a0regions of central and southern Italy where the epidemic was at an earlier stage\u00a0in mid-March to reach the high\u00a0levels already present in northern regions. As several governments indicate that their aim\u00a0is to \"push down\" the epidemic curve, the evolution of the epidemic in Italy supports the WHO recommendation that strict containment measures should\u00a0be introduced as early as possible in the epidemic curve."}, {"pmid": 32270568, "pmcid": "PMC7262070", "title": "Treating head and neck tumors during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, 2019 to 2020: Sichuan Cancer Hospital.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Cai, Yong-Cong", "Wang, Wei", "Li, Chao", "Zeng, Din-Fen", "Zhou, Yu-Qiu", "Sun, Rong-Hao", "Jiang, Hua", "Guo, Hui", "Wang, Shao-Xin", "Jiang, Jian"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270568", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a number of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) have been identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. NCP has rapidly spread to other provinces and cities in China and other countries in the world. Due to the rapid increase in reported cases in China and around the world, on January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) Emergency Committee announced that NCP is a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). However, there are relatively few suggestions and measures for tumor patients, especially patients with head and neck tumors. This article summarizes the prevention and control of disease in our medical institution to provide a reference for front-line head and neck surgeons."}, {"pmid": 32189136, "pmcid": "PMC7080931", "title": "Lower mortality of COVID-19 by early recognition and intervention: experience from Jiangsu Province.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Sun, Qin", "Qiu, Haibo", "Huang, Mao", "Yang, Yi"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189136", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359227, "title": "Neonatal Late Onset Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Buonsenso, Danilo", "Costa, Simonetta", "Sanguinetti, Maurizio", "Cattani, Paola", "Posteraro, Brunella", "Marchetti, Simona", "Carducci, Brigida", "Lanzone, Antonio", "Tamburrini, Enrica", "Vento, Giovanni", "Valentini, Piero"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359227", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2003To date, no information on late-onset infection in newborns to mother with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contracted in pregnancy are available. This study aimed to evaluate postdischarge SARS-CoV-2 status of newborns to mothers with COVID-19 in pregnancy that, at birth, were negative to SARS-CoV-2. \u2003This is an observational study of neonates born to mothers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). \u2003Seven pregnant women with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection have been evaluated in our institution. One woman had a spontaneous abortion at 8 weeks of gestational age, four women recovered and are still in follow-up, and two women delivered. Two newborns were enrolled in the study. At birth and 3 days of life, newborns were negative to SARS-CoV-2. At 2-week follow-up, one newborn tested positive although asymptomatic. \u2003Our findings highlight the importance of follow-up of newborns to mothers with COVID-19 in pregnancy, since they remain at risk of contracting the infection in the early period of life and long-term consequences are still unknown. \u00b7 Newborns to mothers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy can acquire the infection later after birth.. \u00b7 Newborns to mothers with COVID-19 in pregnancy need a long-term follow-up, even if they tested negative at birth.. \u00b7 Specific guidelines for the long-term follow-up of newborns to mothers with COVID-19 in pregnancy are needed.."}, {"pmid": 32523151, "title": "Recommendations for the care of patients with diabetes mellitus with risk factors or established cardiovascular disease and SARS-CoV-2mellitus con factores de riesgo o enfermedad cardiovascular establecida y SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A", "Gutierrez-Fajardo, Pedro", "Sosa-Caballero, Alejandro", "Cabrera-Rayo, Alfredo", "Faradji-Hazan, Raquel N", "Padilla-Padilla, Francisco G", "Garnica-Cuellar, Juan C", "Hernandez-Arispe, Leticia M", "Reyes-Cianeros, Fernando A", "Leon-Suarez, Andres", "de-Jesus-Rivera, Jose", "Mancillas-Adame, Leonardo", "Gaxiola-Macias, Manuel", "Marquez-Rodriguez, Eduardo", "Miranda-Malpica, Emma", "Sanchez-Pedraza, Valentin", "Lara-Martinez, Daniel S", "Segovia-Palomo, Antonio", "Nava-Hernandez, Angeles", "Rivera-Reyes, Romina"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523151", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A review is carried out to examine the risk of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus in the context of general morbidity and mortality and related to infection by SARS-CoV-2. Likewise, the general recommendations for food and the prevention of comorbidities that most these patients suffer most frequently are also studied. Finally, a review of the pharmacological recommendations on both oral and parenteral treatment in the outpatient, in hospitalization and in critical states infected with SARS-CoV-2 is made."}, {"pmid": 32472703, "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia treated with Sarilumab: a clinical series of eight patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Benucci, Maurizio", "Giannasi, Gianfranco", "Cecchini, Paolo", "Gobbi, Francesca Li", "Damiani, Arianna", "Grossi, Valentina", "Infantino, Maria", "Manfredi, Mariangela"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472703", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The development of cytokine release syndrome and T cell abnormalities plays a key role in the progression of Coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19). Under these circumstances, persistent viral stimulation leads to a significant increase in circulating cytokines such as interleukin (IL) -6, IL-10 and TNF-\u03b1. We describe a clinical series of eight patients treated with Sarilumab an IL-6R inhibitor administered early in Covid-19 pneumonia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32284090, "pmcid": "PMC7242773", "title": "Challenges and Responses: A Tertiary Hospital in 2019-nCoV Epidemic.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Li, Hong", "Zhang, Zhuo", "Li, Ping", "Nie, Hu"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284090", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus in Wuhan, China, has imposed challenges on the Chinese medical system. Not only the dramatically increasing number of infected cases and insufficient medical resources, but also the peoples' panic throughout the whole country have made medical services extremely difficult. To respond to these challenges effectively, our hospital implemented an urgent response strategy, including human resources and medical resources preparation and re-allocation, immediate fever screening, strict patient-visiting flow management, and reasonable information communication. Our experience and response measures could provide a reference for other hospitals in the current situation."}, {"pmid": 32427226, "pmcid": "PMC7233238", "title": "An automated Residual Exemplar Local Binary Pattern and iterative ReliefF based corona detection method using lung X-ray image.", "journal": "Chemometr Intell Lab Syst", "authors": ["Tuncer, Turker", "Dogan, Sengul", "Ozyurt, Fatih"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427226", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus is normally transmitted from animal to person, but nowadays it is transmitted from person to person by changing its form. Covid-19 appeared as a very dangerous virus and unfortunately caused a worldwide pandemic disease. Radiology doctors use X-ray or CT images for the diagnosis of Covid-19. It has become crucial to help diagnose such images using image processing methods. Therefore, we proposed a novel intelligent computer vision method to automatically detect the Covid-19 virus. The proposed automatic Covid-19 detection method consists of preprocessing, feature extraction and feature selection stages. Image resizing and grayscale conversion are used in the preprocessing phase. The proposed feature generation method is called as Residual Exemplar Local Binary Pattern (ResExLBP). In the feature selection phase, a novel iterative ReliefF (IRF) based feature selection is used. Decision tree (DT), linear discriminant (LD), support vector machine (SVM), k nearest neighborhood (kNN) and subspace discriminant (SD) methods are chosen as classifiers in the classification phase. Leave one out cross-validation (LOOCV) and 10-fold cross-validation are used for training and testing. In this work, SVM classifier achieved 100.0% classification accuracy by using 10-fold cross-validation. This result clearly has shown that we reached the perfect classification rate by using X-ray image for Covid-19 detection."}, {"pmid": 32459297, "pmcid": "PMC7254436", "title": "Screening for COVID-19 in Asymptomatic Patients With Cancer in a Hospital in the United Arab Emirates.", "journal": "JAMA Oncol", "authors": ["Al-Shamsi, Humaid O", "Coomes, Eric A", "Alrawi, Sadir"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459297", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438895, "pmcid": "PMC7258755", "title": "Acute Stroke Care Is at Risk in the Era of COVID-19: Experience at a Comprehensive Stroke Center in Barcelona.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Rudilosso, Salvatore", "Laredo, Carlos", "Vera, Victor", "Vargas, Martha", "Renu, Arturo", "Llull, Laura", "Obach, Victor", "Amaro, Sergio", "Urra, Xabier", "Torres, Ferran", "Jimenez-Fabrega, Francesc Xavier", "Chamorro, Angel"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438895", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of the study is to analyze how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected acute stroke care in a Comprehensive Stroke Center. On February 28, 2020, contingency plans were implemented at Hospital Clinic of Barcelona to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Among them, the decision to refrain from reallocating the Stroke Team and Stroke Unit to the care of patients with COVID-19. From March 1 to March 31, 2020, we measured the number of emergency calls to the Emergency Medical System in Catalonia (7.5 million inhabitants), and the Stroke Codes dispatched to Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. We recorded all stroke admissions, and the adequacy of acute care measures, including the number of thrombectomies, workflow metrics, angiographic results, and clinical outcomes. Data were compared with March 2019 using parametric or nonparametric methods as appropriate. At Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 1232 patients with COVID-19 were admitted in March 2020, demanding 60% of the hospital bed capacity. Relative to March 2019, the Emergency Medical System had a 330% mean increment in the number of calls (158 005 versus 679 569), but fewer Stroke Code activations (517 versus 426). Stroke admissions (108 versus 83) and the number of thrombectomies (21 versus 16) declined at Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, particularly after lockdown of the population. Younger age was found in stroke admissions during the pandemic (median [interquartile range] 69 [64-73] versus 75 [73-80] years, P=0.009). In-hospital, there were no differences in workflow metrics, angiographic results, complications, or outcomes at discharge. The COVID-19 pandemic reduced by a quarter the stroke admissions and thrombectomies performed at a Comprehensive Stroke Center but did not affect the quality of care metrics. During the lockdown, there was an overload of emergency calls but fewer Stroke Code activations, particularly in elderly patients. Hospital contingency plans, patient transport systems, and population-targeted alerts must act concertedly to better protect the chain of stroke care in times of pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32364280, "title": "The Role of Scientific Publishing in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "Pharmacotherapy", "authors": ["DeVane, C Lindsay"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364280", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418874, "pmcid": "PMC7192105", "title": "Patients with Genetic Heart Disease and COVID-19: A Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) Consensus Statement.", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Gray, Belinda", "Semsarian, Christopher", "Fatkin, Diane", "Ingles, Jodie", "Atherton, John J", "Davis, Andrew M", "Sanders, Prashanthan", "Pachter, Nicholas", "Skinner, Jonathan R", "Stiles, Martin K"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418874", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the current global COVID-19 pandemic, this Consensus Statement provides current recommendations for patients with, or at risk of developing, genetic heart disease, and for their health care management and service provision in Australia and New Zealand. Apart from general recommendations, there are specific recommendations for the following conditions: cardiomyopathy, Brugada syndrome (including in children), long QT syndrome (LQTS) and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Other recommendations are relevant to patient self-care and primary health care."}, {"pmid": 32414630, "pmcid": "PMC7204662", "title": "COVID-19 and ethical considerations: Valuable decision-making tools from the leading medical societies in France.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Lamblin, Antoine", "de Montgolfier, Sandrine"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414630", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532983, "title": "Advice from a systems-biology model of the corona epidemics.", "journal": "NPJ Syst Biol Appl", "authors": ["Westerhoff, Hans V", "Kolodkin, Alexey N"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532983", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using standard systems biology methodologies a 14-compartment dynamic model was developed for the Corona virus epidemic. The model predicts that: (i) it will be impossible to limit lockdown intensity such that sufficient herd immunity develops for this epidemic to die down, (ii) the death toll from the SARS-CoV-2 virus decreases very strongly with increasing intensity of the lockdown, but (iii) the duration of the epidemic increases at first with that intensity and then decreases again, such that (iv) it may be best to begin with selecting a lockdown intensity beyond the intensity that leads to the maximum duration, (v) an intermittent lockdown strategy should also work and might be more acceptable socially and economically, (vi) an initially intensive but adaptive lockdown strategy should be most efficient, both in terms of its low number of casualties and shorter duration, (vii) such an adaptive lockdown strategy offers the advantage of being robust to unexpected imports of the virus, e.g. due to international travel, (viii) the eradication strategy may still be superior as it leads to even fewer deaths and a shorter period of economic downturn, but should have the adaptive strategy as backup in case of unexpected infection imports, (ix) earlier detection of infections is the most effective way in which the epidemic can be controlled, whilst waiting for vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32438476, "title": "Reply to \"Clinical and histological characterization of vesicular COVID-19 rashes: a prospective study in a tertiary care hospital\": Pseudoherpetic Grover disease seems to appear in patients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Llamas-Velasco, M", "Chicharro, P", "Rodriguez-Jimenez, P", "Martos-Cabrera, L", "De Argila, D", "Fernandez-Figueras, M", "Fraga, J"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438476", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have read with great interest the article by Fernandez-Nieto et al. showing histopathological pictures of one of the two biopsied cases from their 24 patients diagnosed of vesicular lesions related to COVID-19.1 They additionally performed a real-time PCR for SARS-CoV-2 that was negative in four tested cases.1 Regarding their case histopathological pictures, we agree with their description as we can observe acantholytic cells, some of them with dyskeratotic features or grouped without a clear molding of nucleus but reminiscent of the multinucleated giant cells typically observed in herpetic lesions, a picture that looks to our eyes, most likely as an infrequent entity named pseudoherpetic Grover disease (GD),2 first described as vesicular GD by Fernandez-Figueras.3."}, {"pmid": 32519035, "title": "Feasibility of postmortem examination in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: the experience of a Northeast Italy University Hospital.", "journal": "Virchows Arch", "authors": ["Basso, Cristina", "Calabrese, Fiorella", "Sbaraglia, Marta", "Del Vecchio, Claudia", "Carretta, Giovanni", "Saieva, Annamaria", "Donato, Daniele", "Flor, Luciano", "Crisanti, Andrea", "Tos, Angelo Paolo Dei"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519035", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the continuous spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and increasing number of deaths worldwide, the need and appropriateness for autopsy in patients with COVID-19 became a matter of discussion. In fact, in the COVID-19 era protection of healthcare workers is a priority besides patient management. No evidence is currently available about the real risk related to the procedure as well as to the subsequent management of the samples. We herein describe the procedure that has been used to perform the first series of postmortem examinations in the COVID center of the Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy, after the implementation of an ad hoc operating procedure, to minimize the risk of infection for pathologists and technicians. Provided that the procedure is performed in an adequate environment respecting strict biosafety rules, our data indicate that complete postmortem examination appears to be safe and will be highly informative providing useful insights into the complex disease pathogenesis."}, {"pmid": 32305459, "pmcid": "PMC7151521", "title": "Unlikely SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission from mother to child: A case report.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Peng, Zhoujie", "Wang, Jianhui", "Mo, Yunbo", "Duan, Wei", "Xiang, Guangjun", "Yi, Ming", "Bao, Lei", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305459", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) rapidly spread across China and to more than 70 countries, an increasing number of pregnant women were affected. The vertical transmission potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of great concern to the obstetrics, neonatologists, and public health agencies. Though some studies indicated the risk of vertical transmission is low, few cases have been reported with comprehensive serial tests from multiple specimens. In this case, a female preterm infant was born to a mother with confirmed COVID-19. She presented with mild respiratory distress and received general management and a short period of nasal continuous positive airway pressure support. During her stay at the hospital, a series of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic test from her throat and anal swab, serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and urine were negative. The nucleic acid test from the mother's amniotic fluid, vaginal secretions, cord blood, placenta, serum, anal swab, and breast milk were also negative. The most comprehensively tested case reported to date confirmed that the vertical transmission of COVID is unlikely, but still, more evidence is needed."}, {"pmid": 32379592, "title": "Emerging evidence for neuropsycho-consequences of COVID-19.", "journal": "Curr Neuropharmacol", "authors": ["Li, Jingwen", "Long, Xi", "Zhang, Qing", "Fang, Xi", "Fang, Fang", "Lv, Xuefei", "Zhang, Dandan", "Sun, Yu", "Li, Na", "Hu, Shaoping", "Lin, Zhicheng", "Xiong, Nian"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379592", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global concern in which respiratory system is not the only one involved. Previous researches have presented the common clinical manifestations including respiratory symptoms (i.e., fever and cough), fatigue and myalgia. However, there is limited evidence for neurological and psychological influences by SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we discuss the common neurological manifestations of COVID-19 including acute cerebrovascular disease (i.e., cerebral hemorrhage) and muscle ache. Possible viral transmission to the nervous system may occur via circulation, an upper nasal transcribrial route and/or conjunctival route. Also, we cannot ignore the psychological influence on the public, medical staff and confirmed patients. Dealing with public psychological barriers and performing psychological crisis intervention are an important part of public health interventions."}, {"pmid": 32242946, "pmcid": "PMC7228226", "title": "Comments on \"coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV in a patient in Wuhan city, China\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Nixon, Douglas F"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242946", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293741, "pmcid": "PMC7262332", "title": "Analysis of 92 deceased patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yang, Fan", "Shi, Shaobo", "Zhu, Jiling", "Shi, Jinzhi", "Dai, Kai", "Chen, Xiaobei"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293741", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This retrospective study aimed to analysis the clinical characteristics and complications in death cases with novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). We collected the medical records of 92 patients with COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University who died during January 6th to February 25th, 2020, summarized the clinical characteristics of complications. There were 91 death cases who developed different complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (73/91), myocardial injury (31/91), liver injury (15/91), renal insufficiency (14/91), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (14/91) and pneumothorax (1/91). Among these patients, 83 patients had at least one complication. While 1 patient who died of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding was not directly linked to COVID-19. The main complications of deceased patients with COVID-19 were ARDS, myocardial injury, liver injury, renal insufficiency and MODS. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32241630, "pmcid": "PMC7270787", "title": "COVID 19 a challenge for emergency medicine and every health care professional.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Smereka, Jacek", "Szarpak, Lukasz"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241630", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363406, "pmcid": "PMC7197551", "title": "Acute myocardial injury, MINOCA, or myocarditis? Improving characterization of coronavirus-associated myocardial involvement.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Peretto, Giovanni", "Sala, Simone", "Caforio, Alida Linda Patrizia"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363406", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491919, "title": "Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Oran, Daniel P", "Topol, Eric J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491919", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly throughout the world since the first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were observed in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It has been suspected that infected persons who remain asymptomatic play a significant role in the ongoing pandemic, but their relative number and effect have been uncertain. The authors sought to review and synthesize the available evidence on asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Asymptomatic persons seem to account for approximately 40% to 45% of SARS-CoV-2 infections, and they can transmit the virus to others for an extended period, perhaps longer than 14 days. Asymptomatic infection may be associated with subclinical lung abnormalities, as detected by computed tomography. Because of the high risk for silent spread by asymptomatic persons, it is imperative that testing programs include those without symptoms. To supplement conventional diagnostic testing, which is constrained by capacity, cost, and its one-off nature, innovative tactics for public health surveillance, such as crowdsourcing digital wearable data and monitoring sewage sludge, might be helpful."}, {"pmid": 32327293, "pmcid": "PMC7158763", "title": "Oleoylethanolamide, A Bioactive Lipid Amide, as A Promising Treatment Strategy for Coronavirus/COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Ghaffari, Samad", "Roshanravan, Neda", "Tutunchi, Helda", "Ostadrahimi, Alireza", "Pouraghaei, Mahboub", "Kafil, Behnam"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327293", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of COVID-19 (coronavirus) has been identified by World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic. With the emergence of the COVID-19 virus and considering the lack of effective pharmaceutical treatment for it, there is an urgent need to identify safe and effective drugs or potential adjuvant therapy in this regard. Bioactive lipids with an array of known health-promoting properties can be suggested as effective agents in alleviating acute respiratory stress induced by virus. The bioactive lipid amide, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), due to several distinctive homeostatic properties, including anti-inflammatory activities, modulation of immune response, and anti-oxidant effects can be considered as a novel potential pharmacological alternative for the management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32401463, "title": "Favipiravir", "journal": "Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)", "date": "2020-05-14T11:01:00Z", "_id": "32401463", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32526277, "title": "Dramatically improved hand hygiene performance rates at time of coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Israel, Sarah", "Harpaz, Kamy", "Radvogin, Eleonora", "Schwartz, Carmela", "Gross, Ilana", "Mazeh, Haggi", "Cohen, Matan J", "Benenson, Shmuel"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526277", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525000, "title": "Aspartate aminotransferase: a prognostic marker rather than a specific liver injury marker in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Li, Gerui"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525000", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423911, "pmcid": "PMC7239515", "title": "Tension pneumothorax in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Flower, Luke", "Carter, John-Paul L", "Rosales Lopez, Juan", "Henry, Alun Marc"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423911", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 36-year-old man was brought to the emergency department with suspected COVID-19, following a 3-week history of cough, fevers and shortness of breath, worsening suddenly in the preceding 4\u2009hours. On presentation he was hypoxaemic, with an SpO2 of 88% on 15\u2009L/min oxygen, tachycardic and had no audible breath sounds on auscultation of the left hemithorax. Local guidelines recommended that the patient should be initiated on continuous positive airway pressure while investigations were awaited, however given the examination findings an emergency portable chest radiograph was performed. The chest radiograph demonstrated a left-sided tension pneumothorax. This was treated with emergency needle decompression, with good effect, followed by chest drain insertion. A repeat chest radiograph demonstrated lung re-expansion, and the patient was admitted to a COVID-19 specific ward for further observation. This case demonstrates tension pneumothorax as a possible complication of suspected COVID-19 and emphasises the importance of thorough history-taking and clinical examination."}, {"pmid": 32425428, "pmcid": "PMC7227564", "title": "Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) for orthopaedic in COVID-19 pandemic: Roles, challenges, and applications.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Pratap Singh, Ravi", "Javaid, Mohd", "Haleem, Abid", "Vaishya, Raju", "Al, Shokat"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425428", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is an innovative mean of amalgamating medical devices and their applications to connect with the healthcare information technology systems by using networking technologies. We have explored the possibilities of confronting the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic by implementing the IoMT approach while offering treatment to orthopaedic patients. The data sharing, report monitoring, patients tracking, information gathering and analysis, hygiene medical care, etc. are the various cloud and connected network-based services of IoMT. It can completely change the working layout of the healthcare facilities while treating orthopaedic patients with a superior level of care and more satisfaction, especially during this pandemic COVID-19 lockdown. Remote-location healthcare has also become feasible with the proposed IoMT approach."}, {"pmid": 32454808, "pmcid": "PMC7241574", "title": "To breastfeed or not to breastfeed? Lack of evidence on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in breastmilk of pregnant women with COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Panam Salud Publica", "authors": ["Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo", "Santos, Victor Santana", "Santos, Hudson P Jr"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454808", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A rapid systematic review was carried out to evaluate the current evidence related to the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk from pregnant women with COVID-19. Eight studies analyzing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the breast milk of 24 pregnant women with COVID-19 during the third trimester of pregnancy were found. All patients had fever and/or symptoms of acute respiratory illness and chest computed tomography images indicative of COVID-19 pneumonia. Most pregnant women had cesarean delivery (91.7%) and two neonates had low birthweight (< 2 500 g). Biological samples collected immediately after birth from upper respiratory tract (throat or nasopharyngeal) of neonates and placental tissues showed negative results for the presence SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR test. No breast milk samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and, to date, there is no evidence on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk of pregnant women with COVID-19. However, data are still limited and breastfeeding of women with COVID-19 remains a controversial issue. There are no restrictions on the use of milk from a human breast milk bank."}, {"pmid": 32405159, "pmcid": "PMC7217767", "title": "May statins and PCSK9 inhibitors be protective from COVID-19 in familial hypercholesterolemia subjects?", "journal": "Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Scicali, Roberto", "Di Pino, Antonino", "Piro, Salvatore", "Rabuazzo, Agata Maria", "Purrello, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405159", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486556, "title": "[Guide for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486556", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and later the disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) . On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially announced that COVID-19\u00a0had reached global pandemic status. This article summarized the understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention and control measures of COVID-19 based on the available data and anti-epidemic experience in China."}, {"pmid": 32379928, "pmcid": "PMC7267492", "title": "Do we really need guidelines for HRA during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Mistrangelo, M", "Naldini, G", "Morino, M"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379928", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32244248, "title": "COVID-19 in children and altered inflammatory responses.", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Molloy, Eleanor J", "Bearer, Cynthia F"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244248", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504747, "title": "Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Kunutsor, Setor K", "Laukkanen, Jari A"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504747", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526061, "title": "Targeting the NO-cGMP-PDE5 pathway in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Andrology", "authors": ["Isidori, A M", "Giannetta, E", "Pofi, R", "Venneri, M A", "Gianfrilli, D", "Campolo, F", "Mastroianni, C M", "Lenzi, A", "d'Ettorre, G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526061", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has been sweeping the world since December. It begins as a respiratory infection that, mainly in men with diabetes or renal impairment, evolves into a systemic disease, with SARDS, progressive endothelial cell damage, abnormal clotting and impaired cardiovascular and liver function. Some clinical trials are testing biological drugs to limit the immune system dysregulation, \"cytokines storm\", that causes the systemic complications of COVID-19. The contraindications of these drugs and their cost raise concerns over the implications of their widespread availability. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have revealed a role for the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) pathway in modulating low-grade inflammation in patients with metabolic diseases, offering cardiovascular protection. PDE5 inhibition favors an anti-inflammatory response by modulating activated T cells, reducing cytokine release, lowering fibrosis, increasing oxygen diffusion, stimulating vascular repair. PDE5 is highly expressed in the lungs, where its inhibition improves pulmonary fibrosis, a complication of severe COVID-19 disease. We performed a systematic review of all evidence documenting any involvement of the NO-cGMP-PDE5 axis in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, presenting the ongoing clinical trials aimed at modulating this axis, including our own \"silDEnafil administration in DiAbetic and dysmetaboLic patients with COVID-19 (DEDALO trial)\". The reviewed evidence suggests that PDE5 inhibitors could offer a new strategy in managing COVID-19 by (i) counteracting the Ang-II-mediated downregulation of AT-1 receptor; (ii) acting on monocyte switching, thus reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, interstitial infiltration and the vessel damage responsible for alveolar hemorrhage-necrosis; (iii) inhibiting the transition of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to mesenchymal cells in the pulmonary artery, preventing clotting and thrombotic complications. If the ongoing trials presented herein should provide positive findings, the low cost, wide availability and temperature stability of PDE5 inhibitors could make them a major resource to combat COVID-19 in developing countries."}, {"pmid": 32243690, "title": "A familial cluster, including a kidney transplant recipient, of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Chen, Song", "Yin, Qin", "Shi, Huibo", "Du, Dunfeng", "Chang, Sheng", "Ni, Li", "Qiu, Haifang", "Chen, Zhishui", "Zhang, Jixian", "Zhang, Weijie"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243690", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, China, and spread to the whole of China and to multiple countries worldwide. Unlike SARS and MERS, where secondary transmission mostly occurred in hospital settings, COVID-19 transmission occurs in large numbers within families. Herein we report three cases of a familial cluster with one family member being a kidney transplant recipient. The initial clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in these three patients were the same, but their progression was different. Based on the severity of clinical symptoms, chest computer tomography findings and SARS-Cov-2 RNA test results, we admitted the husband to the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) and used a treatment consisting of immunosuppressant reduction/cessation and low dose methylprednisolone-based therapy, and his wife to the respiratory isolation ward. In contrast, the son received in-home isolation and home-based care. All three family members made a full recovery."}, {"pmid": 32478697, "title": "COVID-19 in the Americas: We Are in This Together.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478697", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has upended the world's healthcare infrastructures and its economies, casting a glaring light on the failings and flaws already in place, all suffered unequally. This has forced leaders and the public at large to face the stark contrast between human society as it exists and the society that is possible, with both the world's majority and the planet leaping to the top of a new agenda...an agenda as urgently needed as a new vaccine."}, {"pmid": 32458596, "title": "Recommendations on management of gynecological malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from Chinese gynecological oncologists.", "journal": "J Gynecol Oncol", "authors": ["Wang, Yingmei", "Zhang, Shiqian", "Wei, Lihui", "Lin, Zhongqiu", "Wang, Xinyu", "Wang, Jianliu", "Hua, Keqin", "Cui, Manhua", "Wang, Jiandong", "Wang, Shixuan", "Di, Wen", "Wang, Yudong", "An, Ruifang", "Xi, Mingrong", "Guo, Ruixia", "Zhou, Qi", "Xie, Xing", "Xue, Fengxia"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458596", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has rapidly spread globally. Cancer patients are at a higher risk of being infected with the coronavirus and are more likely to develop severe complications, as compared to the general population. The increasing spread of COVID-19 presents challenges for the clinical care of patients with gynecological malignancies. Concerted efforts should be put into managing gynecological malignancies in an orderly manner by strictly implementing the measures that are specifically developed for controlling the spread of COVID-19. We have drafted Recommendations on Management of Gynecological Malignancies during the COVID-19 Pandemic based on our experience on controlling COVID-19 pandemic in China. We recommend that patients with gynecological malignancies should be managed in hierarchical and individualized manners in combination with local conditions related to COVID-19. Medical care decision should be balanced between controlling COVID-19 pandemic spread and timely diagnosis and treatment for gynecologic oncology patients."}, {"pmid": 32378460, "title": "Biopsychopharmacosocial approach to assess impact of social distancing and isolation on mental health in older adults.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Baker, Edward", "Clark, Louise L"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378460", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is impossible to predict or comprehend the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The UK Government's advice for vulnerable people, including older adults, to move towards self-isolation and social distancing is likely to reduce rates of transmission, the risk of severe illness and the impact on the acute health services. Although justified and necessary, this process of isolation is likely to have a negative impact on the mental health of these vulnerable groups, especially older people. It will become increasingly important for community health professionals to assess subtle changes in older persons' mental health, as the duration of this period of isolation remains unclear. The biopsychopharmacosocial model provides one method of assessing mental health and planning health and social care needs. This article hopes to guide community health professionals through the specifics of this assessment model in relation to the growing COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32266994, "pmcid": "PMC7262145", "title": "Comment on \"Organ-protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its effect on the prognosis of COVID-19\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cure, Erkan", "Cumhur Cure, Medine"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266994", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32257728, "pmcid": "PMC7123290", "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Pediatric Patients: A Review of Epidemiology, Symptomatology, Laboratory and Imaging Results to Guide the Development of a Management Algorithm.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Hasan, Ali", "Mehmood, Noormah", "Fergie, Jamie"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257728", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared a worldwide pandemic. Compared to adults, there has been a significantly smaller number of reported cases of COVID-19 in the pediatric population, although the incidence is increasing every day. This article looks to review specific epidemiological factors, symptomatology, laboratory and imaging workup, and other relevant metrics derived from the limited published literature that are specific to the pediatric population, to provide a review for the pediatric practitioner and guide, in part, the creation of a clinical algorithm for the management of COVID-19 in the pediatric population that can be utilized by pediatric institutions."}, {"pmid": 32373993, "title": "Efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Meo, S A", "Klonoff, D C", "Akram, J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373993", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also called COVID-19, has caused a pandemic which has swiftly involved the entire world and raised great public health concerns. The scientific community is actively exploring treatments that would potentially be effective in combating COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine has been demonstrated to limit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro. In malarial pandemic countries, chloroquine is widely used to treat malaria. In malarial non-pandemic nations, chloroquine is not widely used. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine share similar chemical structures and mechanisms of action. The aim of this study was to indirectly investigate the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 by determining the prevalence of COVID-19 in malaria pandemic and non-pandemic nations. We sought evidence to support or refute the hypothesis that these drugs could show efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19. We reviewed in vitro studies, in vivo studies, original studies, clinical trials, and consensus reports, that were conducted to evaluate the antiviral activities of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. The studies on \"COVID-19 and its allied treatment were found from World Health Organization (WHO), ISI-Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and clinical trial registries. The search was based on keywords: antiviral drugs, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19, COVID-19 treatment modalities, and coronavirus. In addition, we analyzed the prevalence of COVID-19 in malaria pandemic and non-pandemic countries. The review and analyses were performed on March 28, 2020. For this study, we identified a total of 09 published articles: 03 clinical trials with sample size 150; 03 in vitro studies and 03 expert consensus reports. These studies were all suggestive that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine can successfully treat COVID-19 infections. We found that COVID-19 infections are highly pandemic in countries where malaria is least pandemic and are least pandemic in nations where malaria is highly pandemic. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have antiviral characteristics in vitro. The findings support the hypothesis that these drugs have efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19. People are currently using these drugs for malaria. It is reasonable, given the hypothetical benefit of these two drugs, that they are now being tested in clinical trials to assess their effectiveness to combat this global health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32340018, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Hemodialysis Patient.", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Yuan, Hai", "Guo, E", "Gao, Zhao", "Hu, Fengqi", "Lu, Li"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340018", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There has been a global outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since December 2019. Here, we describe the case of a 49-year-old male undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) who got infected with COVID-19 and our experience in performing HD for him. The patient's symptoms and lung imaging changes were atypical. However, his lymphocyte range decreased upon admission and the polymerase chain reaction of the pharyngeal swab for the -COVID-19 nucleic acid was positive. The patient developed respiratory failure and required mechanical ventilation 8\u00a0days after admission. In the end, he died from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The difficulties in diagnosis, infection control, and treatment of COVID-19 in maintenance HD patients are discussed in this report."}, {"pmid": 32395423, "pmcid": "PMC7211620", "title": "Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicating COVID-19 in the ICU - A case report.", "journal": "Med Mycol Case Rep", "authors": ["Prattes, Juergen", "Valentin, Thomas", "Hoenigl, Martin", "Talakic, Emina", "Reisinger, Alexander C", "Eller, Philipp"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395423", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is not yet known, if critically ill COVID-19 patients are prone to fungal infections. We report a 69-year-old patient without typical risk factors for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), who developed IPA two weeks after onset of symptoms. Our report shows that IPA may occur in critically ill COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32452908, "title": "Hemodialysis Vascular Access Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Yang, Chih-Yu", "Wang, Yi-Fang", "Ho, Yang", "Wu, Cheng-Hsueh", "Lee, Chiu-Yang", "Tarng, Der-Cherng"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452908", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dialysis patients are more vulnerable and susceptible to the severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection due to multiple comorbidities. Since Taiwan has the highest incidence and prevalence of treated end-stage kidney disease worldwide, it is crucial to act in advance to prevent a potential disaster. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, we implement proactive infection control measures to prevent it from spreading without sacrificing the dialysis care quality. In this article, we focused on hemodialysis vascular access (HVA) care in particular. As a life-line of hemodialysis (HD) patients, HVA care has a profound impact on the patient's quality of dialysis and life. Specifically, in our facility, the working and office areas of the HD units are separated to reduce cross-infection. All elective procedures for HVA are postponed, and operating rooms equipped with a negative-pressure anteroom are used for the suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. Herein, we share how we modified our HVA care policy not only to prevent our patients from COVID-19 infection but also to maintain the quality of HVA care."}, {"pmid": 32476614, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Exacerbating Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Long-Term Services and Supports.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Shippee, Tetyana P", "Akosionu, Odichinma", "Ng, Weiwen", "Woodhouse, Mark", "Duan, Yinfei", "Thao, Mai See", "Bowblis, John R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476614", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "What services are available and where racial and ethnic minorities receive long-term services and supports (LTSS) have resulted in a lower quality of care and life for racial/ethnic minority users. These disparities are only likely to worsen during the COVID-19 pandemic, as the pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority communities both in the rate of infection and virus-related mortality. By examining these disparities in the context of the pandemic, we bring to light the challenges and issues faced in LTSS by minority communities with regard to this virus as well as the disparities in LTSS that have always existed."}, {"pmid": 32494076, "title": "Bolstering Africa's coronavirus detection efforts.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tsanni, Abdullahi"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494076", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474479, "title": "Analysis of thin-section CT in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) after hospital discharge.", "journal": "J Xray Sci Technol", "authors": ["Wei, Jiangping", "Lei, Pinggui", "Yang, Hong", "Fan, Bing", "Qiu, Yingying", "Zeng, Bingliang", "Yu, Peng", "Lv, Jian", "Jian, Yinchao", "Wan, Chengfeng"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474479", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze clinical and thin-section computed tomographic (CT) data from the patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to predict the development of pulmonary fibrosis after hospital discharge. Fifty-nine patients (31 males and 28 females ranging from 25 to 70 years old) with confirmed COVID-19 infection performed follow-up thin-section thorax CT. After 31.5\u00b17.9 days (range, 24 to 39 days) of hospital admission, the results of CT were analyzed for parenchymal abnormality (ground-glass opacification, interstitial thickening, and consolidation) and evidence of fibrosis (parenchymal band, traction bronchiectasis, and irregular interfaces). Patients were analyzed based on the evidence of fibrosis and divided into two groups namely, groups A and B (with and without CT evidence of fibrosis), respectively. Patient demographics, length of stay (LOS), rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, peak C-reactive protein level, and CT score were compared between the two groups. Among the 59 patients, 89.8% (53/59) had a typical transition from early phase to advanced phase and advanced phase to dissipating phase. Also, 39% (23/59) patients developed fibrosis (group A), whereas 61% (36/59) patients did not show definite fibrosis (group B). Patients in group A were older (mean age, 45.4\u00b116.9 vs. 33.8\u00b110.2 years) (P\u200a=\u200a0.001), with longer LOS (19.1\u00b15.2 vs. 15.0\u00b12.5 days) (P\u200a=\u200a0.001), higher rate of ICU admission (21.7% (5/23) vs. 5.6% (2/36)) (P\u200a=\u200a0.061), higher peak C-reactive protein level (30.7\u00b126.4 vs. 18.1\u00b117.9\u200amg/L) (P\u200a=\u200a0.041), and higher maximal CT score (5.2\u00b14.3 vs. 4.0\u00b12.2) (P\u200a=\u200a0.06) than those in group B. Pulmonary fibrosis may develop early in patients with COVID-19 after hospital discharge. Older patients with severe illness during treatment were more prone to develop fibrosis according to thin-section CT results."}, {"pmid": 32310923, "title": "[COVID-19 pandemic: the need to reorganize a Cardiology Department in a hospital of the Lombardy Region, Italy].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Ghio, Stefano", "Ferlini, Marco", "Scelsi, Laura", "Ferrario, Maurizio", "Camporotondo, Rita", "Vicentini, Alessandro", "Magrini, Giulia", "Visconti, Luigi Oltrona"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310923", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229155, "pmcid": "PMC7270578", "title": "Can Bioactive Lipids Inactivate Coronavirus (COVID-19)?", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Das, Undurti N"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229155", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, SARS and MERS are all enveloped viruses that can cause acute respiratory syndrome. Arachidonic acid (AA) and other unsaturated fatty acids (especially eicosapentaenoic acd, EPA and docosahexaenoic acid DHA) are known to inactivate enveloped viruses and inhibit proliferation of various microbial organisms. The pro-inflammatory metabolites of AA and EPA such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes induce inflammation whereas lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins derived from AA, EPA and DHA not only suppress inflammation but also enhance would healing and augment phagocytosis of macrophages and other immunocytes and decrease microbial load. In view of these actions, it is suggested that AA and other unsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites may serve as endogenous anti-viral compounds and their deficiency may render humans susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, SARS and MERS and other similar viruses' infections. Hence, oral or intravenous administration of AA and other unsaturated fatty acids may aid in enhancing resistance and recovery from SARS-CoV-2, SARS and MERS infections."}, {"pmid": 32359148, "pmcid": "PMC7197525", "title": "COVID-19: a new work-related disease threatening healthcare workers.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Godderis, Lode", "Boone, Anke", "Bakusic, Jelena"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32169616, "pmcid": "PMC7138176", "title": "Washing our hands of the problem.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Lynch, C", "Mahida, N", "Oppenheim, B", "Gray, J"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169616", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378772, "pmcid": "PMC7267302", "title": "In Reply.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Coomes, Eric A", "Al-Shamsi, Humaid O", "Meyers, Brandon M", "Alhazzani, Waleed", "Alhuraiji, Ahmad", "Chemaly, Roy F", "Almuhanna, Meshari", "Wolff, Robert A", "Ibrahim, Nuhad K", "Chua, Melvin L K", "Hotte, Sebastien J", "Elfiki, Tarek", "Curigliano, Giuseppe", "Eng, Cathy", "Grothey, Axel", "Xie, Conghua"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378772", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503663, "pmcid": "PMC7273817", "title": "Sargramostim to treat patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 (SARPAC): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Bosteels, Cedric", "Maes, Bastiaan", "Van Damme, Karel", "De Leeuw, Elisabeth", "Declercq, Jozefien", "Delporte, Anja", "Demeyere, Benedicte", "Vermeersch, Stefanie", "Vuylsteke, Marnik", "Willaert, Joren", "Bolle, Laura", "Vanbiervliet, Yuri", "Decuypere, Jana", "Libeer, Frederick", "Vandecasteele, Stefaan", "Peene, Isabelle", "Lambrecht, Bart"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503663", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The hypothesis of the proposed intervention is that Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has profound effects on antiviral immunity, and can provide the stimulus to restore immune homeostasis in the lung with acute lung injury post COVID-19, and can promote lung repair mechanisms, that lead to a 25% improvement in lung oxygenation parameters. Sargramostim is a man-made form of the naturally-occurring protein GM-CSF. A phase 4 academic, prospective, 2 arm (1:1 ratio), randomized, open-label, controlled trial. Patients aged 18-80 years admitted to specialized COVID-19 wards in 5 Belgian hospitals with recent (< 2 weeks prior to randomization) confirmed COVID-19 infection and acute respiratory failure defined as a PaO2/FiO2 below 350 mmHg or SpO2 below 93% on minimal 2 L/min supplemental oxygen. Patients were excluded from the trial in case of (1) known serious allergic reactions to yeast-derived products, (2) lithium carbonate therapy, (3) mechanical ventilation prior to randomization, (4) peripheral white blood cell count above 25.000/\u03bcL and/or active myeloid malignancy, (5) high dose systemic steroid therapy (> 20 mg methylprednisolone or equivalent), (6) enrolment in another investigational study, (7) pregnant or breastfeeding or (8) ferritin levels > 2000 \u03bcg/mL. Inhaled sargramostim 125 \u03bcg twice daily for 5 days in addition to standard care. Upon progression of disease requiring mechanical ventilation or to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and initiation of mechanical ventilator support within the 5 day period, inhaled sargramostim will be replaced by intravenous sargramostim 125 \u03bcg/m2 body surface area once daily until the 5 day period is reached. From day 6 onwards, progressive patients in the active group will have the option to receive an additional 5 days of IV sargramostim, based on the treating physician's assessment. Intervention will be compared to standard of care. Subjects progressing to ARDS and requiring invasive mechanical ventilatory support, from day 6 onwards in the standard of care group will have the option (clinician's decision) to initiate IV sargramostim 125m \u03bcg/m2 body surface area once daily for 5 days. The primary endpoint of this intervention is measuring oxygenation after 5 days of inhaled (and intravenous) treatment through assessment of a change in pretreatment and post-treatment ratio of PaO2/FiO2 and through measurement of the P(A-a)O2 gradient (PAO2= Partial alveolar pressure of oxygen, PaO2=Partial arterial pressure of oxygen; FiO2= Fraction of inspired oxygen). Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio. Randomization will be done using REDCap (electronic IWRS system). In this open-label trial neither participants, caregivers, nor those assessing the outcomes will be blinded to group assignment. A total of 80 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and acute hypoxic respiratory failure will be enrolled, 40 in the active and 40 in the control group. SARPAC protocol Version 2.0 (April 15 2020). Participant recruitment is ongoing in 5 Belgian Hospitals (i.e. University Hospital Ghent, AZ Sint-Jan Bruges, AZ Delta Roeselare, University Hospital Brussels and ZNA Middelheim Antwerp). Participant recruitment started on March 26th 2020. Given the current decline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium, it is difficult to anticipate the rate of participant recruitment. The trial was registered on Clinical Trials.gov on March 30th, 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04326920) - retrospectively registered; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04326920?term=sarpac&recrs=ab&draw=2&rank=1 and on EudraCT on March 24th, 2020 (Identifier: 2020-001254-22). The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32388173, "pmcid": "PMC7203026", "title": "The psychological well-being of physicians during COVID-19 outbreak in Oman.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Badahdah, Abdallah M", "Khamis, Faryal", "Mahyijari, Nawal Al"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388173", "countries": ["Oman"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529474, "pmcid": "PMC7287029", "title": "Does Ibuprofen Worsen COVID-19?", "journal": "Drug Saf", "authors": ["Moore, Nicholas", "Carleton, Bruce", "Blin, Patrick", "Bosco-Levy, Pauline", "Droz, Cecile"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529474", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379036, "title": "Keep Calm and Log On: Telemedicine for COVID-19 Pandemic Response.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Doshi, Ameet", "Platt, Yonatan", "Dressen, John R", "Mathews, Benji K", "Siy, Jerome C"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379036", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479040, "title": "The Evidence Base for Telehealth: Reassurance in the Face of Rapid Expansion During the COVID-19 Pandemic", "journal": "The Evidence Base for Telehealth: Reassurance in the Face of Rapid Expansion During the COVID-19 Pandemic", "authors": ["Totten, Annette M.", "McDonagh, Marian S.", "Wagner, Jesse H."], "date": "2020-06-02T11:01:00Z", "_id": "32479040", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32486609, "title": "What we are talking about when we talk of steroid in COVID-19?", "journal": "Minerva Anestesiol", "authors": ["Rossato, Marco"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486609", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387481, "pmcid": "PMC7204645", "title": "Neuro-ophthalmology in the Era of COVID-19: Future Implications of a Public Health Crisis.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Grossman, Scott N", "Calix, Rachel", "Tow, Sharon", "Odel, Jeffrey G", "Sun, Linus D", "Balcer, Laura J", "Galetta, Steven L", "Rucker, Janet C"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387481", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275074, "pmcid": "PMC7262256", "title": "The clinical feature of silent infections of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Wenzhou.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["He, Guiqing", "Sun, Wenjie", "Fang, Peipei", "Huang, Jianping", "Gamber, Michelle", "Cai, Jing", "Wu, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275074", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here were reported clinical features of silent infected COVID-19 patients. Our study showed that the prevalence of the silent infection of COVID-19 is 5.8% (95% CI: 3.4-9.9%), which is much higher than 1.2% which from the report in China CDC. The silent infection patients were more likely to be young adults, the patients without chronic disease. All of the cases in the presented study was found because they were traced as close contact of confirmed cases. Our study indicated that traced the close contract of confirmed case, long time self-quarantine, and screening is necessary to prevent the secondary cases in community. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32387713, "pmcid": "PMC7204668", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 or Lung Cancer: A Differential Diagnostic Experience and Management Model From Wuhan.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Zhu, Jian", "Zhang, Yu", "Gao, Xu-Hui", "Xi, Er-Ping"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387713", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441422, "title": "Cardio-Oncology services during the COVID-19 pandemic: Practical considerations and challenges.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Farmakis, Dimitrios", "Keramida, Kalliopi", "Filippatos, Gerasimos"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474025, "pmcid": "PMC7255325", "title": "Bonuses and pitfalls of a paperless drive-through screening and COVID-19: A field report.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lee, Elly", "Mohd Esa, Nurul Yaqeen", "Wee, Tong Ming", "Soo, Chun Ian"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world witnessed the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the World Health Organization has called for governing bodies worldwide to intensify case findings, contact tracing, monitoring, and quarantine or isolation of contacts with COVID-19. Drive-through (DT) screening is a form of case detection which has recently gain preference globally. Proper implementation of this system can help remediate the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32333285, "pmcid": "PMC7181108", "title": "Consensus recommendations for the care of children receiving chronic dialysis in association with the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Nephrol", "authors": ["Shen, Qian", "Wang, Mo", "Che, Ruochen", "Li, Qiu", "Zhou, Jianhua", "Wang, Fang", "Shen, Ying", "Ding, Jie", "Huang, Songming", "Yap, Hui-Kim", "Warady, Bradley A", "Xu, Hong", "Zhang, Aihua"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333285", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread not only in China but throughout the world. Children with kidney failure (chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5) are at significant risk for COVID-19. In turn, a set of recommendations for the prevention and control of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and COVID-19 in pediatric hemodialysis (HD) centers and in home peritoneal dialysis (PD) settings have been proposed. The recommendations are based on the epidemiological features of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease, susceptibility factors, and preventive and control strategies. These recommendations will be updated as new information regarding SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 becomes available."}, {"pmid": 32362338, "pmcid": "PMC7174186", "title": "Anaesthetic management of patients with COVID-19: infection prevention and control measures in the operating theatre.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Wong, Wan-Yi", "Kong, Yu-Chin", "See, Jee-Jian", "Kan, Roy K C", "Lim, Mandy P P", "Chen, Qingyan", "Lim, Beatrice", "Ong, Shimin"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362338", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340759, "pmcid": "PMC7129207", "title": "Possible Cause of Inflammatory Storm and Septic Shock in Patients Diagnosed with (COVID-19).", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Hantoushzadeh, Sedigheh", "Norooznezhad, Amir Hossein"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340759", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection which has been known as Coronavirus diseases 2019 COVID-19 has become an endemic emergent situation by the World Health Organization. So far, no successful specific treatment has been found for this disease. As has been reported, most of non-survivor patients with COVID-19 (70%) had septic shock which was significantly higher than survived ones. Although the exact pathophysiology of septic shock in these patients is still unclear, it seems to be possible that part of it would be due to the administration of empiric antibiotics with inflammatory properties especially in the absence of bacterial infection. Herein, we have reviewed possible molecular pathways of septic shock in the patients who have received antibiotics with inflammatory properties which mainly is release of interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF- \u03b1) through different routes. Altogether, we highly recommend clinicians to look after those antibiotics with anti-inflammatory activity for both empiric antibiotic therapy and reducing the inflammation to prevent septic shock in patients with diagnosed COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32445789, "pmcid": "PMC7239011", "title": "Is COVID-19-related Guillain-Barre syndrome different?", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Gupta, Ankit", "Paliwal, Vimal Kumar", "Garg, Ravindra Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445789", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440688, "title": "Technological devices in COVID-19 primary care management: the Italian experience.", "journal": "Fam Pract", "authors": ["Bressy, Silvia", "Zingarelli, Enrico M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440688", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304488, "pmcid": "PMC7188032", "title": "Pharmacologic Treatment of Transplant Recipients Infected With SARS-CoV-2: Considerations Regarding Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Drug-Drug Interactions.", "journal": "Ther Drug Monit", "authors": ["Elens, Laure", "Langman, Loralie J", "Hesselink, Dennis A", "Bergan, Stein", "Moes, Dirk Jan A R", "Molinaro, Mariadelfina", "Venkataramanan, Raman", "Lemaitre, Florian"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304488", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a novel infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory distress (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several therapeutic options are currently emerging but none with universal consensus or proven efficacy. Solid organ transplant recipients are perceived to be at increased risk of severe COVID-19 because of their immunosuppressed conditions due to chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs). It is therefore likely that solid organ transplant recipients will be treated with these experimental antivirals. This article is not intended to provide a systematic literature review on investigational treatments tested against COVID-19; rather, the authors aim to provide recommendations for therapeutic drug monitoring of ISDs in transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV-2 based on a review of existing data in the literature. Management of drug-drug interactions between investigational anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs and immunosuppressants is a complex task for the clinician. Adequate immunosuppression is necessary to prevent graft rejection while, if critically ill, the patient may benefit from pharmacotherapeutic interventions directed at limiting SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. Maintaining ISD concentrations within the desired therapeutic range requires a highly individualized approach that is complicated by the pandemic context and lack of hindsight. With this article, the authors inform the clinician about the potential interactions of experimental COVID-19 treatments with ISDs used in transplantation. Recommendations regarding therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustments in the context of COVID-19 are provided."}, {"pmid": 32255222, "pmcid": "PMC7262235", "title": "Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "J Nurs Manag", "authors": ["Mo, Yuanyuan", "Deng, Lan", "Zhang, Liyan", "Lang, Qiuyan", "Liao, Chunyan", "Wang, Nannan", "Qin, Mingqin", "Huang, Huiqiao"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255222", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the work stress among Chinese nurses who are supporting Wuhan in fighting against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and to explore the relevant influencing factors. The COVID-19 epidemic has posed a major threat to public health. Nurses have always played an important role in infection prevention, infection control, isolation, containment and public health. However, available data on the work stress among these nurses are limited. A cross-sectional survey. An online questionnaire was completed by 180 anti-epidemic nurses from Guangxi. Data collection tools, including the Chinese version of the Stress Overload Scale (SOS) and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), were used. Descriptive single factor correlation and multiple regression analyses were used in exploring the related influencing factors. The SOS (39.91\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.92) and SAS (32.19\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.56) scores of this nurse group were positively correlated (r\u00a0=\u00a00.676, p\u00a0<\u00a0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that only children, working hours per week and anxiety were the main factors affecting nurse stress (p\u00a0=\u00a0.000, .048, .000, respectively). Nurses who fight against COVID-19 were generally under pressure. Nurse leaders should pay attention to the work stress and the influencing factors of the nurses who are fighting against COVID-19 infection, and offer solutions to retain mental health among these nurses."}, {"pmid": 32517639, "title": "Mental Health Policy in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatr Serv", "authors": ["Goldman, Matthew L", "Druss, Benjamin G", "Horvitz-Lennon, Marcela", "Norquist, Grayson S", "Kroeger Ptakowski, Kristin", "Brinkley, Amy", "Greiner, Miranda", "Hayes, Heath", "Hepburn, Brian", "Jorgensen, Shea", "Swartz, Marvin S", "Dixon, Lisa B"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517639", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The response to the global COVID-19 pandemic has important ramifications for mental health systems and the patients they serve. This article describes significant changes in mental health policy prompted by the COVID-19 crisis across five major areas: legislation, regulation, financing, accountability, and workforce development. Special considerations for mental health policy are discussed, including social determinants of health, innovative technologies, and research and evaluation. These extraordinary advances provide an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the effects of mental health policies that may be adopted in the post-COVID-19 era in the United States."}, {"pmid": 32360053, "pmcid": "PMC7151235", "title": "Characteristics of Endodontic Emergencies during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Wuhan.", "journal": "J Endod", "authors": ["Yu, Jingjing", "Zhang, Tian", "Zhao, Dan", "Haapasalo, Markus", "Shen, Ya"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360053", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was detected in Wuhan, China. A great percentage of patients with this disease developed symptoms of dry cough, malaise, and a high fever. During this time, several patients requiring assessment and treatment of endodontic emergencies were directed to the School and Hospital of Stomatology at Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. We examined the characteristics of these patients. A total of 96 patients with a mean age of 42.24 \u00b1 18.32 years visited the general and emergency department of the School and Hospital of Stomatology at Wuhan University because of endodontic emergencies during the peak period of February 22 to March 2, 2020. Patient information was collected and organized by date of visit, sex, age, and systemic disease history. Body temperature was measured and acquired for each patient, a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemiologic investigation questionnaire was given to each patient, an endodontic diagnosis was determined for the offending tooth, and a verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) was used to record pain levels. Of the total patient visits during this period, 50.26% of visits were for endodontic treatment. No patients had a fever (>37.2\u00b0C). One patient with a confirmed COVID-19 history was admitted after recovery. Three admitted patients had been exposed to confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients. Twelve admitted patients (12.5%) with a mean age of 62.42 \u00b1 13.77 years had a history of systemic diseases. The most common age group for endodontic emergencies was 45-64 years (30.21%), and patients of this group showed a significantly higher mean VNRS score compared with that of the 6- to 19-year age group and the 20- to 34-year age group (P < .05). The majority of endodontic emergency diagnoses were diseases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (53.10%). Patients who were diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, symptomatic apical periodontitis, and acute apical abscess showed a significantly higher mean VNRS score than that of other groups (P < .05). Endodontic emergencies, with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis being the most common, consist of a much higher proportion of dental emergencies in a COVID-19 high-risk area than normally. Vital pulp therapy can advantageously reduce treatment time, resulting in a reduced risk of infection for vital pulp cases. Rubber dams, personal protective equipment, and patient screening are of great importance during the COVID-19 outbreak in protecting clinicians."}, {"pmid": 32339387, "pmcid": "PMC7267424", "title": "COVID-19, pulmonary mast cells, cytokine storms, and beneficial actions of luteolin.", "journal": "Biofactors", "authors": ["Theoharides, Theoharis C"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339387", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32210384, "title": "COVID-19: ban 'orientalism' by critics of wildlife trade.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Pagani-Nunez, Emilio"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210384", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474629, "pmcid": "PMC7260469", "title": "Clinical characteristics and chest CT imaging features of critically ill COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Zhang, Nan", "Xu, Xunhua", "Zhou, Ling-Yan", "Chen, Gang", "Li, Yu", "Yin, Huiming", "Sun, Zhonghua"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474629", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare clinical, laboratory, and chest computed tomography (CT) findings in critically ill patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who survived and who died. This retrospective study reviewed 60 critically ill patients (43 males and 17 females, mean age 64.4\u2009\u00b1\u200911.0\u00a0years) with COVID-19 pneumonia who were admitted to two different clinical centers. Their clinical and medical records were analyzed, and the chest CT images were assessed to determine the involvement of lobes and the distribution of lesions in the lungs between the patients who recovered from the illness and those who died. Compared with recovered patients (50/60, 83%), deceased patients (10/60, 17%) were older (mean age, 70.6 vs. 62.6\u00a0years, p\u2009=\u20090.044). C-reactive protein (CRP) (110.8\u2009\u00b1\u200926.3\u00a0mg/L vs 63.0\u2009\u00b1\u200950.4\u00a0mg/L, p\u2009<\u20090.001) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (18.7\u2009\u00b1\u200916.6 vs 8.4\u2009\u00b1\u20097.5, p\u2009=\u20090.030) were significantly elevated in the deceased as opposed to the recovered. Medial or parahilar area involvement was observed in all the deceased patients (10/10, 100%), when compared to only 54% (27/50) in the recovered. Ground-glass opacities (97%), crazy-paving pattern (92%), and air bronchogram (93%) were the most common radiological findings. There was significant difference in diabetes (p\u2009=\u20090.025) and emphysema (p\u2009=\u20090.013), and the odds ratio on a deceased patient having diabetes and emphysema was 6 times and 21 times the odds ratio on a recovered patient having diabetes and emphysema, respectively. Older patients with comorbidities such as diabetes and emphysema, and higher CRP and NLRs with diffuse lung involvement were more likely to die of COVID-19. \u2022 Almost all patients critically ill with COVID-19 pneumonia had five lung lobes involved. \u2022 Medial or parahilar area involvement and degree of lung involvement were more serious in the deceased patients when compared with those who recovered from treatment. \u2022 Chronic lung disease, e.g., emphysema, diabetes, and higher serum CRP and NLR characterized patients who died of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32339706, "pmcid": "PMC7194618", "title": "Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: Lessons learned from current evidence.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Suchonwanit, Poonkiat", "Leerunyakul, Kanchana", "Kositkuljorn, Chaninan"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339706", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512479, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Review of guidelines for resuming non-urgent imaging and procedures in radiology during Phase II.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Azam, Saif A", "Myers, Lee", "Fields, Brandon K K", "Demirjian, Natalie L", "Patel, Dakshesh", "Roberge, Eric", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali", "Reddy, Sravanthi"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512479", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was designated as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, health care systems have been forced to adapt rapidly to defer less urgent care during the crisis. The United States (U.S.) has adopted a four-phase approach to decreasing and then resuming non-essential work. Through strong restrictive measures, Phase I slowed the spread of disease, allowing states to safely diagnose, isolate, and treat patients with COVID-19. In support of social distancing measures, non-urgent studies were postponed, and this created a backlog. Now, as states transition to Phase II, restrictions on non-essential activities will ease, and radiology departments must re-establish care while continuing to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 transmission all while accommodating this backlog. In this article, we propose a roadmap that incorporates the current practice guidelines and subject matter consensus statements for the phased reopening of non-urgent and elective radiology services. This roadmap will focus on operationalizing these recommendations for patient care and workforce management. Tiered systems are proposed for the prioritization of elective procedures, with physician-to-physician communication encouraged. Infection control methods, provision of personal protective equipment (PPE), and physical distancing measures are highlighted. Finally, changes in hours of operation, hiring strategies, and remote reading services are discussed for their potential to ease the transition to normal operations."}, {"pmid": 32346544, "pmcid": "PMC7179801", "title": "The Time for Universal Masking of the Public for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Is Now.", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gandhi, Monica", "Havlir, Diane"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346544", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this perspective, we recommend universal masking of the US public during coronavirus disease 2019 due to the high contagiousness of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), viral shedding of viable SARS-CoV-2 from asymptomatic individuals, and the likely contribution of masking to core distancing public health strategies for curbing transmission."}, {"pmid": 32404307, "title": "The Era of COVID-19 and the Rise of Science Collectivism in Cancer Research.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "authors": ["Janowitz, Tobias", "Tuveson, David A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404307", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has created a global pandemic that has killed more than a quarter million people since December 2019, halted commerce, and disrupted our ability to research cancer in the laboratory and clinic and care for our patients. A return to a functioning society can be facilitated by the active participation of cancer researchers to diagnose and treat SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, and the direct and indirect benefits of our involvement cannot be overstated."}, {"pmid": 32297797, "title": "Biobanking During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Biopreserv Biobank", "authors": ["Vaught, Jim"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297797", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304531, "title": "A Need for Data-driven Public Health Responses to COVID-19.", "journal": "Optom Vis Sci", "authors": ["Twa, Michael D"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304531", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382135, "pmcid": "PMC7204611", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the neuroendocrine stress axis.", "journal": "Mol Psychiatry", "authors": ["Steenblock, Charlotte", "Todorov, Vladimir", "Kanczkowski, Waldemar", "Eisenhofer, Graeme", "Schedl, Andreas", "Wong, Ma-Li", "Licinio, Julio", "Bauer, Michael", "Young, Allan H", "Gainetdinov, Raul R", "Bornstein, Stefan R"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382135", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516444, "title": "Immunological environment shifts during pregnancy may affect the risk of developing severe complications in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Am J Reprod Immunol", "authors": ["Sarapultsev, Alexey", "Sarapultsev, Petr"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516444", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been rapidly spreading out in China and all over the world.\u00a0Because of the immune reaction severity, 20.3% of COVID-19 patients required intensive care unit, and 32.8% presented with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In this regard, the urgent question that needs to be addressed promptly includes whether pregnant women with COVID-19 will develop distinct symptoms from non-pregnant and what are the reasons for that. According to the literature data, clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 were similar to those of non-pregnant adults and no significant differences in gestational age, postpartum hemorrhage, and perineal resection rates between pregnant women with and without COVID-19 were found. There is also a tendency that COVID-19 disease progresses slowly in pregnant women and does not often result in fatal pregnancy complications. The predominant Th2-type immunity\u00a0and the action of T-regs can play an important role in preventing the excess systemic inflammatory reaction and the development of life-threatening complications as ARDS and MODS in COVID-19 patients. This suggests a search for new drugs aimed at the suppression of effector functions and induction of tolerance, which will reduce the frequency of life-threatening complications, including ARDS."}, {"pmid": 32504923, "pmcid": "PMC7261085", "title": "N-Acetylcysteine: A potential therapeutic agent for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Poe, Francis L", "Corn, Joshua"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504923", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to spread across the globe. Predisposing factors such as age, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and lowered immune function increase the risk of disease severity. T cell exhaustion, high viral load, and high levels of TNF-\u0251, IL1\u03b2, IL6, IL10 have been associated with severe SARS-CoV-2. Cytokine and antigen overstimulation are potentially responsible for poor humoral response to the virus. Lower cellular redox status, which leads to pro-inflammatory states mediated by TNF-\u0251 is also potentially implicated. In vivo, in vitro, and human clinical trials have demonstrated N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an effective method of improving redox status, especially when under oxidative stress. In human clinical trials, NAC has been used to replenish glutathione stores and increase the proliferative response of T cells. NAC has also been shown to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway (IL1\u03b2 and IL18) in vitro, and decrease plasma TNF-\u0251 in human clinical trials. Mediation of the viral load could occur through NAC's ability to increase cellular redox status via maximizing the rate limiting step of glutathione synthesis, and thereby potentially decreasing the effects of virally induced oxidative stress and cell death. We hypothesize that NAC could act as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of COVID-19 through a variety of potential mechanisms, including increasing glutathione, improving T cell response, and modulating inflammation. In this article, we present evidence to support the use of NAC as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32240123, "pmcid": "PMC7119513", "title": "Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 - United States, February 12-March 28, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240123", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic (1). As of March 28, 2020, a total of 571,678 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 26,494 deaths have been reported worldwide (2). Reports from China and Italy suggest that risk factors for severe disease include older age and the presence of at least one of several underlying health conditions (3,4). U.S. older adults, including those aged \u226565 years and particularly those aged \u226585 years, also appear to be at higher risk for severe COVID-19-associated outcomes; however, data describing underlying health conditions among U.S. COVID-19 patients have not yet been reported (5). As of March 28, 2020, U.S. states and territories have reported 122,653 U.S. COVID-19 cases to CDC, including 7,162 (5.8%) for whom data on underlying health conditions and other known risk factors for severe outcomes from respiratory infections were reported. Among these 7,162 cases, 2,692 (37.6%) patients had one or more underlying health condition or risk factor, and 4,470 (62.4%) had none of these conditions reported. The percentage of COVID-19 patients with at least one underlying health condition or risk factor was higher among those requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission (358 of 457, 78%) and those requiring hospitalization without ICU admission (732 of 1,037, 71%) than that among those who were not hospitalized (1,388 of 5,143, 27%). The most commonly reported conditions were diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease. These preliminary findings suggest that in the United States, persons with underlying health conditions or other recognized risk factors for severe outcomes from respiratory infections appear to be at a higher risk for severe disease from COVID-19 than are persons without these conditions."}, {"pmid": 32347027, "pmcid": "PMC7188962", "title": "Acute Hyperglycemic Crises with Coronavirus Disease-19: Case Reports.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab J", "authors": ["Kim, Na Young", "Ha, Eunyeong", "Moon, Jun Sung", "Lee, Yong Hoon", "Choi, Eun Young"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347027", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first case was contracted by coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in Daegu, Korea in February 2020, about 6,800 cases and 130 deaths have been reported on April 9, 2020. Recent studies have reported that patients with diabetes showed higher mortality and they had a worse prognosis than the group without diabetes. In poorly controlled patients with diabetes, acute hyperglycemic crises such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) also might be precipitated by COVID-19. Thus, intensive monitoring and aggressive supportive care should be needed to inadequately controlled patients with diabetes and COVID-19 infection. Here, we report two cases of severe COVID-19 patients with acute hyperglycemic crises in Korea."}, {"pmid": 32513096, "title": "Taste and Smell Impairment in COVID-19: An AAO-HNS Anosmia Reporting Tool-Based Comparative Study.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Sayin, Ibrahim", "Yasar, Kadriye Kart", "Yazici, Zahide Mine"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513096", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify the taste and smell impairment in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-positive subjects and compare the findings with COVID-19-negative subjects using the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) Anosmia Reporting Tool. Tertiary referral center/COVID-19 pandemic hospital. Comparative study. After power analysis, 128 subjects were divided into 2 groups according to real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19 testing results. Subjects were called via telephone, and the AAO-HNS Anosmia Reporting Tool was used to collect responses. The mean age of the study group was 38.63 \u00b1 10.08 years. At the time of sampling, rhinorrhea was significantly high in the COVID-19-negative group, whereas those complaints described as \"other\" were significantly high in the COVID-19-positive group. There was a significant difference in the smell/taste impairment rates of the groups (n = 46% [71.9%] for the COVID-19-positive group vs n = 17 [26.6%] for the COVID-19-negative group, P = .001). For subjects with a smell impairment, anosmia rates did not differ between the groups. The rates of hyposmia and parosmia were significantly high in the COVID-19-positive group. For the subjects with taste impairment, ageusia rates did not differ between groups. The rate of hypogeusia and dysgeusia was significantly high in the COVID-19-positive group. Logistic regression analysis indicates that smell/taste impairment in COVID-19-positive subjects increases the odds ratio by 6.956 (95% CI, 3.16-15.29) times. COVID-19-positive subjects are strongly associated with smell/taste impairment."}, {"pmid": 32278168, "pmcid": "PMC7142686", "title": "Practical insights for paediatric otolaryngology surgical cases and performing microlaryngobronchoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Frauenfelder, Claire", "Butler, Colin", "Hartley, Ben", "Cochrane, Lesley", "Jephson, Chris", "Nash, Robert", "Hewitt, Richard", "Albert, David", "Wyatt, Michelle", "Hall, Andrew"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278168", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Paediatric otolaryngology practice involves examining and operating in anatomical locations with high levels of aerosol generation and transmission of COVID-19 to treating clinicians, especially from the asymptomatic patient populations including children. During the COVID-19 pandemic all emergent otolaryngological conditions affecting the airway, oral, and nasal cavities should be managed medically where possible and any operating deferred. We present guidelines for operating on paediatric otolaryngological patients when necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic, and incorporate experience gathered during microlaryngobronchoscopy on a COVID-19 positive infant at our institution."}, {"pmid": 32321703, "title": "The Brazilian slums hiring their own doctors to fight covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["de Oliveira Andrade, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321703", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419646, "title": "Design of multi-epitope vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2: a in-silico study.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Abraham Peele, K", "Srihansa, T", "Krupanidhi, S", "Vijaya Sai, A", "Venkateswarulu, T C"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419646", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The best therapeutic strategy to find an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is to explore the target structural protein. In the present study, a novel multi-epitope vaccine is designed using in silico tools that potentially trigger both CD4 and CD8 T-cell immune responses against the novel Coronavirus. The vaccine candidate was designed using B and T-cell epitopes that can act as an immunogen and elicits immune response in the host system. NCBI was used for the retrieval of surface spike glycoprotein, of novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) strains. VaxiJen server screens the most important immunogen of all the proteins and IEDB server gives the prediction and analysis of B and T cell epitopes. Final vaccine construct was designed in silico composed of 425 amino acids including the 50S ribosomal protein adjuvant and the construct was computationally validated in terms of antigenicity, allergenicity and stability on considering all critical parameters into consideration. The results subjected to the modeling and docking studies of vaccine were validated. Molecular docking study revealed the protein-protein binding interactions between the vaccine construct and TLR-3 immune receptor. The MD simulations confirmed stability of the binding pose. The immune simulation results showed significant response for immune cells. The findings of the study confirmed that the final vaccine construct of chimeric peptide could able to enhance the immune response against nCoV-19."}, {"pmid": 32418894, "pmcid": "PMC7211740", "title": "A systematic review on use of aminoquinolines for the therapeutic management of COVID-19: Efficacy, safety and clinical trials.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Patil, Vaishali M", "Singhal, Shipra", "Masand, Neeraj"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418894", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent global outbreak of the pandemic caused by coronavirus (COVID-19) emphasizes the urgent need for novel antiviral therapeutics. It can be supplemented by utilization of efficient and validated drug discovery approaches such as drug repurposing/repositioning. The well reported and clinically used anti-malarial aminoquinoline drugs (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) have shown potential to be repurposed to control the present pandemic by inhibition of COVID-19. The review elaborates the mechanism of action, safety (side effects, adverse effects, toxicity) and details of clinical trials for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to benefit the clinicians, medicinal chemist, pharmacologist actively involved in controlling the pandemic and to provide therapeutics for the treatment of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32283316, "pmcid": "PMC7151422", "title": "Early Appearance of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Associated Pulmonary Infiltrates During Daily Radiotherapy Imaging for Lung Cancer.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Suppli, Morten Hiul", "Riisgaard de Blanck, Steen", "Elgaard, Tenna", "Josipovic, Mirjana", "Pohl, Mette"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283316", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491963, "title": "Six Propositions against Ageism in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Ehni, Hans-Joerg", "Wahl, Hans-Werner"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491963", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The risk of developing severe illness from COVID-19 and of dying from it increases with age. This statistical association has led to numerous highly problematic policy suggestions and comments revealing underlying ageist attitudes and promoting age discrimination. Such attitudes are based on negative stereotypes on the health and functioning of older adults. As a result, the lives of older people are disvalued, including in possible triage situations and in the potential limitation of some measures against the spread of the pandemic to older adults. These outcomes are unjustified and unethical. We develop six propositions against the ageism underlying these suggestions to spur a more adequate response to the current pandemic in which the needs and dignity of older people are respected."}, {"pmid": 32034840, "pmcid": "PMC7168047", "title": "Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Shigemura, Jun", "Ursano, Robert J", "Morganstein, Joshua C", "Kurosawa, Mie", "Benedek, David M"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32034840", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344294, "pmcid": "PMC7194837", "title": "Radiology department strategies to protect radiologic technologists against COVID19: Experience from Wuhan.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Zhao, Yanjie", "Xiang, Chunlin", "Wang, Shaofang", "Peng, Chengdong", "Zou, Qian", "Hu, Junwu"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344294", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a huge threat to global public health security. In the absence of specific antiviral medicines to prevent or treat COVID-19, it is essential to detect the infected patients at an early stage and immediately isolate them from the healthy population. In view of the advantages of sensitivity and high spatial resolution, CT imaging has played an important role in screening and diagnosing of COVID-19 in China. The radiologic technologists performing CT scans for the infected patients become high-risk medical care personnel. It is critical for the radiology department to ensure the personal safety of radiologic technologists and avoid cross-infection. In this review article, we describe the systematic strategies to combat COVID-19 from the radiology department in Tongji hospital in Wuhan, P.R. China, including personnel arrangements, environmental modification, protection levels and configurations, radiological imaging (CT and radiography), and disinfection methods. It can provide guidance to other radiology departments faced with COVID-19 to reduce infection risk for radiologic technologists."}, {"pmid": 32454253, "pmcid": "PMC7245259", "title": "International guidelines and recommendations for surgery during Covid-19 pandemic: A Systematic Review.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Moletta, Lucia", "Pierobon, Elisa Sefora", "Capovilla, Giovanni", "Costantini, Mario", "Salvador, Renato", "Merigliano, Stefano", "Valmasoni, Michele"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454253", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, surgical departments were forced to re-schedule their activity giving priority to urgent procedures and non-deferrable oncological cases. There is a lack of evidence-based literature providing clinical and organizational guidelines for the management of a general surgery department. Aim of our study was to review the available recommendations published by general Surgery Societies and Health Institutions and evaluate the underlying Literature. A review of the English Literature was conducted according to the AMSTAR and to the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. After eligibility assessment, a total of 22 papers and statements were analyzed. Surgical societies have established criteria for triage and prioritization in order to identify procedures that can be postponed after the pandemic and those that should not. Prioritization among oncologic cases represents a difficult task: clinicians have to balance a possible delay in cancer diagnosis or treatment against the risk for a potential COVID-19 exposure. There is broad agreement among guidelines that indication to proceed with surgery should be discussed in virtual Tumor Boards taking into consideration alternative therapeutic approaches. Several guidelines deal with the role of laparoscopic surgery during the pandemic: a tailored approach is currently suggested, with a case-by-case evaluation provided that appropriate personal protective equipment is available in order to minimize the potential risk of transmission. Finally, there is a considerable agreement in the published Literature concerning the management of the personnel during the peri- and intraoperative phase and on the technical advices regarding the induction, operative and recover maneuvers in COVID-19 cases. During COVID-19 pandemic, it is of paramount importance to face the emergency in the most effective and efficient manner, retrieving resources from non-essential settings and, at the same time, providing care to high priority non-COVID-19 related diseases."}, {"pmid": 32401934, "title": "Perceived vulnerability to Coronavirus infection: impact on dental practice.", "journal": "Braz Oral Res", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Olmo, Maria Jose", "Ortega-Martinez, Ana Raquel", "Delgado-Ramos, Bendicion", "Romero-Maroto, Martin", "Carrillo-Diaz, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401934", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus responsible for the outbreak of the respiratory disease COVID-19, which has spread to several countries around the world, causing considerable consternation and a fear of contagions in global healthcare settings. The objective of this study is to identify, among Madrid's adult population, the impact of COVID-19 on self-perceived vulnerability, infectiousness, aversion to germs, and other behaviors in the current situation regarding dental practice. This cross-sectional observational study involves 1,008 persons randomly surveyed on the streets of Madrid, Spain between March 1 and March 8, 2020. Their perceived vulnerability to disease was measured using the perceived vulnerability to disease scale. An additional questionnaire evaluated basic sociodemographic aspects, medical history, personal hygiene behavior, willingness to go to certain places and the perception of the risk of contagion when going to a dental practice. There are significant differences by sex on the germ aversion subscale (p < 0.05) and in the risk of waiting in the waiting room (p < 0.01), tooth extraction ((p < 0.05), endodontics (p < 0.05) and fillings ((p < 0.05). Women consider the risk to be higher than men do. The risk group (over 60 and with systemic disease) has significant differences on the subscales of infectivity (p < 0.01) and germ aversion (p < 0.01). Our study shows high levels of vulnerability regarding contracting COVID-19 and avoiding dental care as perceived by the population over 60 years old and with a systemic disease."}, {"pmid": 32318706, "pmcid": "PMC7188128", "title": "Multicenter initial guidance on use of antivirals for children with COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Chiotos, Kathleen", "Hayes, Molly", "Kimberlin, David W", "Jones, Sarah B", "James, Scott H", "Pinninti, Swetha G", "Yarbrough, April", "Abzug, Mark J", "MacBrayne, Christine E", "Soma, Vijaya L", "Dulek, Daniel E", "Vora, Surabhi B", "Waghmare, Alpana", "Wolf, Joshua", "Olivero, Rosemary", "Grapentine, Steven", "Wattier, Rachel L", "Bio, Laura", "Cross, Shane J", "Dillman, Nicholas O", "Downes, Kevin J", "Timberlake, Kathryn", "Young, Jennifer", "Orscheln, Rachel C", "Tamma, Pranita D", "Schwenk, Hayden T", "Zachariah, Philip", "Aldrich, Margaret", "Goldman, David L", "Groves, Helen E", "Lamb, Gabriella S", "Tribble, Alison C", "Hersh, Adam L", "Thorell, Emily A", "Denison, Mark R", "Ratner, Adam J", "Newland, Jason G", "Nakamura, Mari M"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318706", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mild in nearly all children, a small proportion of pediatric patients develops severe or critical illness. Guidance is therefore needed regarding use of agents with potential activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in pediatrics. A panel of pediatric infectious diseases physicians and pharmacists from 18 geographically diverse North American institutions was convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys, a set of guidance statements was developed and refined based on review of best available evidence and expert opinion. Given the typically mild course of pediatric COVID-19, supportive care alone is suggested for the overwhelming majority of cases. The panel suggests a decision-making framework for antiviral therapy that weighs risks and benefits based on disease severity as indicated by respiratory support needs, with consideration on a case-by-case basis of potential pediatric risk factors for disease progression. If an antiviral is used, the panel suggests remdesivir as the preferred agent. Hydroxychloroquine could be considered for patients who are not candidates for remdesivir or when remdesivir is not available. Antivirals should preferably be used as part of a clinical trial if available. Antiviral therapy for COVID-19 is not necessary for the great majority of pediatric patients. For those rare children who develop severe or critical disease, this guidance offer an approach for decision-making regarding antivirals, informed by available data. As evidence continues to evolve rapidly, the need for updates to the guidance is anticipated."}, {"pmid": 32205092, "pmcid": "PMC7156211", "title": "TH17 responses in cytokine storm of COVID-19: An emerging target of JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Wu, Dandan", "Yang, Xuexian O"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205092", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 emerges as a pandemic disease with high mortality. Development of effective prevention and treatment is an urgent need. We reviewed TH17 responses in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and proposed an FDA approved JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib for reducing mortality of patients with TH17 type immune profiles."}, {"pmid": 32391670, "title": "[Clinical experience of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in severe COVID-19 patients].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["He, Guojun", "Han, Yijiao", "Fang, Qiang", "Zhou, Jianying", "Shen, Jifang", "Li, Tong", "Pu, Qibin", "Chen, Aijun", "Qi, Zhiyang", "Sun, Lijun", "Cai, Hongliu"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391670", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute respiratory failure due to acute hypoxemia is the major manifestation in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Rational and effective respiratory support is crucial in the management of COVID-19 patients. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been utilized widely due to its superiority over other non-invasive respiratory support techniques. To avoid HFNC failure and intubation delay, the key issues are proper patients, timely application and improving compliance. It should be noted that elder patients are vulnerable for failed HFNC. We applied HFNC for oxygen therapy in severe and critical ill COVID-19 patients and summarized the following experiences. Firstly, to select the proper size of nasal catheter, to locate it at suitable place, and to confirm the nose and the upper respiratory airway unobstructed. Secondly, an initial \ue555ow of 60 L/min and 37\u2103 should be given immediately for patients with obvious respiratory distress or weak cough ability; otherwise, low-level support should be given first and the level gradually increased. Thirdly, to avoid hypoxia or hypoxemia, the treatment goal of HFNC should be maintained the oxygen saturation (SpO2) above 95% for patients without chronic pulmonary disease. Finally, patients should wear a surgical mask during HFNC treatment to reduce the risk of virus transmission through droplets or aerosols."}, {"pmid": 32198501, "pmcid": "PMC7184472", "title": "Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Guo, Li", "Ren, Lili", "Yang, Siyuan", "Xiao, Meng", "Chang, De", "Yang, Fan", "Dela Cruz, Charles S", "Wang, Yingying", "Wu, Chao", "Xiao, Yan", "Zhang, Lulu", "Han, Lianlian", "Dang, Shengyuan", "Xu, Yan", "Yang, Qiwen", "Xu, Shengyong", "Zhu, Huadong", "Xu, Yingchun", "Jin, Qi", "Sharma, Lokesh", "Wang, Linghang", "Wang, Jianwei"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198501", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major healthcare threat. Current method of detection involves qPCR-based technique, which identifies the viral nucleic acids when present in sufficient quantity. False negative results can be achieved and failure to quarantine the infected patient would be a major setback in containing the viral transmission. We here aim to describe the time kinetics of various antibodies produced against the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and evaluate the potential of antibody testing to diagnose COVID-19. The host humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 including IgA, IgM and IgG response were examined by using an ELISA based assay on the recombinant viral nucleocapsid protein. Total 208 plasma samples were collected from 82 confirmed and 58 probable cases (qPCR negative but had typical manifestation). The diagnostic value of IgM was evaluated in this cohort. The median duration of IgM and IgA antibody detection were 5 days (IQR 3-6), while IgG was detected on 14 days (IQR 10-18) after symptom onset, with a positive rate of 85.4%, 92.7% and 77.9% respectively. In confirmed and probable cases, the positive rates of IgM antibodies were 75.6% and 93.1%, respectively. The detection efficiency by IgM ELISA is higher than that of qPCR method after 5.5 days of symptom onset. The positive detection rate is significantly increased (98.6%) when combined IgM ELISA assay with PCR for each patient compare with a single qPCR test (51.9%). Humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 can aid to the diagnosis of COVID-19, including subclinical cases."}, {"pmid": 32246915, "pmcid": "PMC7146645", "title": "Racism and discrimination in COVID-19 responses.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Devakumar, Delan", "Shannon, Geordan", "Bhopal, Sunil S", "Abubakar, Ibrahim"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246915", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436005, "pmcid": "PMC7239347", "title": "How does the COVID-19 pandemic affect the preoperative evaluation and anesthesia applied for urinary stones? EULIS eCORE-IAU multicenter collaborative cohort study.", "journal": "Urolithiasis", "authors": ["Gokce, Mehmet Ilker", "Yin, Shanfeng", "Sonmez, Mehmet Giray", "Eryildirim, Bilal", "Kallidonis, Panagiotis", "Petkova, Kremena", "Guven, Selcuk", "Kiremit, Murat Can", "de Lorenzis, Elisa", "Tefik, Tzevat", "Villa, Luca", "Zeng, Guohua", "Sarica, Kemal"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436005", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Stone disease is a unique condition that requires appropriate management in a timely manner as it can result in both emergent conditions and long term effects on kidney functions. In this study it is aimed to identify the up-to-date practice patterns related to preoperative evaluation and anesthesia for stone disease interventions during COVID-19 pandemic. The data of 473 patients from 11 centers in 5 different countries underwent interventions for urinary stones during the Covid-19 pandemic was collected and analyzed retrospectively. Information on the type of the stone related conditions, management strategies, anesthesiologic evaluation, anesthesia methods, and any alterations related to COVID-19 pandemic was collected. During the preoperative anesthesia evaluation thorax CT was performed in 268 (56.7%) and PCR from nasopharyngeal swab was performed in 31 (6.6%) patients. General anesthesia was applied in 337 (71.2%) patients and alteration in the method of anesthesia was recorded in 45 (9.5%) patients. A cut-off value of 21\u00a0days was detected for the hospitals to adapt changes related to COVID-19. Rate of preoperative testing, emergency procedures, conservative approaches and topical/regional anesthesia increased after 21\u00a0days. The preoperative evaluation for management of urinary stone disease is significantly affected by COVID-19 pandemic. There is significant alteration in anesthesia methods and interventions. The optimal methods for preoperative evaluation are still unknown and there is discordance between different centers. It takes 21\u00a0days for hospitals and surgeons to adapt and develop new strategies for preoperative evaluation and management of stones."}, {"pmid": 32085841, "pmcid": "PMC7129099", "title": "Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Liu, Shuai", "Yang, Lulu", "Zhang, Chenxi", "Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Liu, Zhongchun", "Hu, Shaohua", "Zhang, Bin"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32085841", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407155, "title": "Publication Ethics During Public Health Emergencies Such as the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Smith, Maxwell J", "Upshur, Ross E G", "Emanuel, Ezekiel J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407155", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health emergencies require real-time, accurate information to guide effective responses. Rapid publication of information can, therefore, advance both the scientific validity and the social value of research conducted in these contexts. Consequently, medical journals place a high priority on rapidly publishing reports on these emergencies, which the media often report on to the public. Today, the focus is on the rapid publication of research related to the COVID-19 outbreak. Tomorrow, it might be an influenza pandemic or a crisis related to a vaping-related illness. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 14, 2020: e1-e2. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305686)."}, {"pmid": 32311772, "pmcid": "PMC7264779", "title": "Intubation boxes for managing the airway in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Kearsley, R"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311772", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442732, "pmcid": "PMC7237373", "title": "Neurosurgery services in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, during COVID-19 pandemic: an experience from a developing country.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Manusubroto, Wiryawan", "Wicaksono, Adiguno S", "Tamba, Daniel Agriva", "Sudiharto, Paulus", "Pramusinto, Handoyo", "Hartanto, Rachmat Andi", "Basuki, Endro"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442732", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most articles describing the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on neurosurgical services have been from developed countries. We report our experience in carrying out neurosurgical services at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, during the time of the pandemic. To collect information on the effect of the pandemic in Indonesia and Yogyakarta, we gathered data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health's online database for the national data and local government records for the local data (including records of Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Division of Neurosurgery). Compared with other countries, Indonesia has not been severely hit by the impact of COVID-19. To increase our understanding of the natural history of the pandemic, we divided the period into 4 phases: phase 1 (when there were confirmed cases in Indonesia but no cases in Yogyakarta), phase 2 (when the first case in Yogyakarta was detected), phase 3 (when the cumulative cases surpass their peak), and phase 4 (when the pandemic ends). At the time of this writing, we were still in phase 2 and in this phase, we experienced a decrease in the number of emergency surgical procedures, from an average of 4 to 2.4 per week. Moreover, the number of elective operations dropped from an average of 12 to 9 per week. A pandemic, such as COVID-19, reduces both inpatient and outpatient neurosurgical activities. A comprehensive plan can improve both utilization and safety of the neurosurgical staff."}, {"pmid": 32455147, "pmcid": "PMC7197542", "title": "C-Reactive Protein Level May Predict the Risk of COVID-19 Aggravation.", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Guyi", "Wu, Chenfang", "Zhang, Quan", "Wu, Fang", "Yu, Bo", "Lv, Jianlei", "Li, Yiming", "Li, Tiao", "Zhang, Siye", "Wu, Chao", "Wu, Guobao", "Zhong, Yanjun"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455147", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical findings indicated that a fraction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients diagnosed as mild early may progress to severe cases. However, it is difficult to distinguish these patients in the early stage. The present study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of these patients, analyze related factors, and explore predictive markers of the disease aggravation. Clinical and laboratory data of nonsevere adult COVID-19 patients in Changsha, China, were collected and analyzed on admission. A logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the association between the disease aggravation and related factors. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was utilized to analyze the prognostic ability of C-reactive protein (CRP). About 7.7% (16/209) of nonsevere adult COVID-19 patients progressed to severe cases after admission. Compared with nonsevere patients, the aggravated patients had much higher levels of CRP (median [range], 43.8 [12.3-101.9] mg/L vs 12.1 [0.1-91.4] mg/L; P = .000). A regression analysis showed that CRP was significantly associated with aggravation of nonsevere COVID-19 patients, with an area under the curve of 0.844 (95% confidence interval, 0.761-0.926) and an optimal threshold value of 26.9 mg/L. CRP could be a valuable marker to anticipate the possibility of aggravation of nonsevere adult COVID-19 patients, with an optimal threshold value of 26.9 mg/L."}, {"pmid": 32353350, "pmcid": "PMC7185949", "title": "Impact of contact tracing on SARS-CoV-2 transmission.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Sun, Kaiyuan", "Viboud, Cecile"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353350", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469096, "title": "A reflection on an adapted approach from face-to-face to telephone consultations in our Urology outpatient department during the COVID-19 pandemic - a pathway for change to future practice?", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Patel, Sheena", "Douglas-Moore, Jayne"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469096", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The sudden and unanticipated COVID-19 viral pandemic of 2020 and its profound impact on the NHS prompted an almost overnight change in the services we are able to offer our patients to fulfil clinical demands. From March 2020 we have changed outpatient appointments from face-to-face to telephone led consultations. We have performed an early review of this service to ensure its sustainability during the unknown duration of this current crisis and to establish its potential utility when normal services resume in the future. Our results show a patient satisfaction of 93% with 83% happy to have telephone follow-up in the future and a clinician satisfaction of 82% in adequacy of the telephone consultation in making a clinical decision. Telephone clinics are a safe and efficient alternative to face-to-face outpatient consultations for many patients, particularly non-complex benign follow-ups."}, {"pmid": 32467190, "title": "COVID-19-Associated Miller Fisher Syndrome: MRI Findings.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Lantos, J E", "Strauss, S B", "Lin, E"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467190", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Miller Fisher syndrome, also known as Miller Fisher variant of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome, is an acute peripheral neuropathy that can develop after exposure to various viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. It is characterized by a triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. Miller Fisher syndrome has recently been described in the clinical setting of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) without accompanying imaging. In this case, we report the first presumptive case of COVID-19-associated Miller Fisher syndrome with MR imaging findings."}, {"pmid": 32181969, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 and transplantation: A view from the inside.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Gori, Andrea", "Dondossola, Daniele", "Antonelli, Barbara", "Mangioni, Davide", "Alagna, Laura", "Reggiani, Paolo", "Bandera, Alessandra", "Rossi, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181969", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451360, "title": "Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19: implications for prevention, surveillance and treatment.", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Neal A", "Cheng, Richard K"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451360", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345619, "title": "Preliminary recommendations of the German Society of Rheumatology (DGRh eV) for the management of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases during the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Schulze-Koops, Hendrik", "Specker, Christof", "Iking-Konert, Christof", "Holle, Julia", "Moosig, Frank", "Krueger, Klaus"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497288, "title": "COVID-19 polyradiculitis in 24 patients without SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebro-spinal fluid.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Finsterer, Josef", "Scorza, Fulvio A", "Ghosh, Ritwik"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497288", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449676, "title": "COVID-19: Pentoxifylline as a potential adjuvant treatment.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Feily, Amir", "Daneshpay, Kian", "Alighadr, Arash"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449676", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461818, "pmcid": "PMC7248683", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Marked Global Disparities in Fatalities According to Geographic Location and Universal Health Care.", "journal": "Int J MCH AIDS", "authors": ["Dongarwar, Deepa", "Salihu, Hamisu M"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461818", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its outbreak, COVID-19 pandemic has been the biggest global concern with exponentially increasing number of cases and associated deaths across all habitable continents. Various countries around the world with their diverse health care systems, have responded to the pandemic in very distinctive ways. In this paper, we: compared COVID-19 mortality rates across global geographic regions; and assessed differences in COVID-19-related case fatality rate (CFR) based on presence or absence of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). We found that as of May 6, 2020, Europe had experienced the highest CFR globally of 9.6%, followed by 5.9% in North America. Although the pandemic originated in Asia, the continent ranked second to the last in terms of CFR (3.5%). Countries with UHC had lower number of cases of 37.6%, but the CFR of countries with UHC was twice that of countries without UHC (10.5% versus 4.9%). In conclusion, UHC does not appear to protect against mortality in a pandemic environment such as with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32418532, "title": "Counter-regulatory 'Renin-Angiotensin' System-based Candidate Drugs to Treat COVID-19 Diseases in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.", "journal": "Infect Disord Drug Targets", "authors": ["Annweiler, Cedric", "Cao, Zhijian", "Wu, Yingliang", "Faucon, Emmanuelle", "Mouhat, Stephanie", "Kovacic, Herve", "Sabatier, Jean-Marc"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418532", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 and the 'Renin-Angiotensin' System The ubiquitous 'Renin-Angiotensin' system (RAS), also referred to as 'Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone' system, plays a crucial physiological role in humans as being a key regulator of renal, cardiovascular and innate immune functions [1, 2]. It appears to work in tandem with vitamin D, a secosteroid pro-hormone which reportedly acts as a negative regulatory factor of the RAS [3-6]. A dysfunction (e.g. over-reactivity) of RAS, together with hypovitaminosis D, is likely associated with some of the various renal, cardiac, vascular and immune outcomes that might be observed in COVID-19 patients, including the cytokine storm (i.e. unopposed hyperactive immune reaction generating both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines) and consequent lethal acute respiratory distress syndrome [1, 7]. Recently, SARS-CoV-2 [8, 9], the causative agent of COVID-19, has been described to interfere with the RAS [2] by interacting -via its spike (S) glycoprotein- with the metallopeptidase Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor [9, 10] that is expressed at the surface of epithelial cells from blood vessels, lung, kidney (renal tubules), intestine, and heart, as well as on cerebral neurons and immune monocytes/macrophages [11-13]. The main SARS-CoV-2-related COVID-19 symptoms/diseases reported hitherto are hypertension, atherosclerosis, thrombosis (coagulopathy), diarrhea, glaucoma, anosmia, ageusia, skin lesions (dermatitis), autoimmune inflammation of the central nervous system, and damages to various organs such as the lung, heart, kidney, and testicle [1, 2, 14]. All these diffuse COVID-19 disorders are likely linked to an over-reaction of RAS in SARS-CoV-2-infected persons. Such a RAS imbalance would be also favored by hypovitaminosis D [2-7, 11]. Since RAS appears to be central in COVID-19 symptoms/diseases, selective targeting of key component(s) of this system might be appropriate to treat RAS-dependent disorders. COVID-19 Disorders: 'Renin-Angiotensin' System (RAS) & Counter-regulatory RAS In the RAS pathway [1, 15], Renin (kidney) cleaves Angiotensinogen (liver) to give Angiotensin I (i.e. peptide DRVYIHPFHL). The latter is cleaved by the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) to produce Angiotensin II (i.e. peptide DRVYIHPF), which is the substrate of ACE2 (SARS-CoV-2 receptor) and key player of the RAS. The cellular targets of Angiotensin II are the vasoconstrictor type 1 (AT1R) and vasodilatator type 2 (AT2R) Angiotensin II receptors (AT1R is expressed at the surface of monocytes/macrophages and T-cells indicating that RAS acts on innate immunity in host). When cleaved by ACE2, Angiotensin II gives Angiotensin 1-7 (i.e. peptide DRVYIHP), targeting the vasodilatator proto-oncogene Mas receptor (MasR). Angiotensin 1-7 can be further transformed to Alamandine (i.e. peptide ARVYIHP) by an aspartate decarboxylase. Alamandine would bind to the vasodilatator Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor member D (MRGD) thus promoting most of the Angiotensin 1-7-like effects. Angiotensin II can produce Angiotensin A (i.e. peptide ARVYIHPF) via an aspartate decarboxylase, and Alamandine via an additional ACE2 cleavage. ACE2 can also cleave Angiotensin I to form Angiotensin 1-9 (i.e. peptide DRVYIHPFH), which targets AT2R. In the RAS pathway were finally evidenced the related Angiotensin III (i.e. peptide RVYIHPF) and Angiotensin IV (i.e. peptide VYIHPF) variants targeting the AT1R and vasodilatator AT4R, respectively. From the known molecular functioning of the RAS, Angiotensins I and II (aside Angiotensin III) are playing central roles in the activity of RAS and associated pathologies, including COVID-19 [2, 10]. Interestingly, it appears that a 'counter-regulatory' RAS does exist to modulate system homeostasis; it relies on Angiotensin 1-7, Angiotensin 1-9, Alamandine, Angiotensin A, and Angiotensin IV, which are targeting the MasR, AT2R, MRGD, ACE2 and AT4R vasodilatator receptors, respectively. These peptides were found to exhibit cardioprotective, vasoactive (anti-hypertensive), anti-hypertrophic and/or anti-inflammatory potentials [15]. Such naturally-produced molecules of the RAS are expected to counteract the SARS-CoV-2-induced over-activation of RAS and reverse, to some extent, the associated COVID-19 diseases. CONCLUDING REMARKS A recent report suggests that RAS inhibitors may act on the severity of viral infection and mortality of COVID-19 patients [14]. Whether or not RAS blockers would be beneficial to COVID-19 cases is still controversial. The RAS inhibitors likely prevent the cytokine storm as RAS is reported to control the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines [1, 7]. It appears that COVID-19 disorders of SARS-CoV-2-infected humans depend on the RAS over-reacted by the (ACE2-dependent) viral infection and vitamin D deficiency. The track for a possible COVID-19 treatment would be to target RAS using specific candidate chemotherapeutic drugs. The proposed molecules are (so far) ACE inhibitors (to prevent the production of Angiotensin II from Angiotensin I), and blockers/antagonists of AT1R such as Losartan and derivatives. Recombinant ACE2 (under clinical trials) is also considered as a decoy for the recognition and competitive binding to the spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 [9, 10]. We support the use of natural candidate peptide drugs that belong to the 'counter-regulatory' RAS, i.e. Angiotensin 1-7, Angiotensin 1-9, Alamandine, Angiotensin A and/or Angiotensin IV to treat COVID-19 disorders. The targeted receptors would thus be MasR, AT2R, MRGD, ACE2 and AT4R. The authors wish to thank Bonabes De Roug\u00e9 MD for fruitful discussions."}, {"pmid": 32246119, "title": "Mentoring during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Gotian, Ruth"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246119", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32173576, "pmcid": "PMC7193136", "title": "Patients of COVID-19 may benefit from sustained Lopinavir-combined regimen and the increase of Eosinophil may predict the outcome of COVID-19 progression.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Liu, Fang", "Xu, Aifang", "Zhang, Yan", "Xuan, Weiling", "Yan, Tingbo", "Pan, Kenv", "Yu, Wenyan", "Zhang, Jun"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173576", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the epidemiological information, clinical characteristics, therapeutic outcomes and temporal progression of laboratory findings in 2019-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients exposed to lopinavir. We collected data from ten COVID-19 patients admitted between January 22, 2020 and February 11, 2020 at Xixi hospital in Hangzhou, China. Of ten patients, secondary, tertiary and quartus patients emerged; the incubation period was 3-7 days. Mainly initial symptoms were cough and low fever (37.3-38.0\u00b0C). An asymptomatic case presented normal radiography, the others had ground glass opacities. All cases (three transferred, seven discharged) were exposed to lopinavir on initial hospitalization. Three patients stopped lopinavir because of adverse effects, two of them deteriorated, one was hospitalized longer than others who with sustained lopinavir use. Levels of potassium, albumin, and lymphocytes were low, but increased persistently after treatment. Eosinophil values were low on initial hospitalization, then all returned to normal before discharge. Viral load of SARS-CoV-2, radiography and eosinophil improved continuously in 3-14, 6-8 and 7-9 days, respectively. Increasing eosinophils may be an indicator of COVID-19 improvement. The COVID-19 patients may benefit from sustained lopinavir use. More research on a larger scale is needed to verify these points."}, {"pmid": 32396395, "pmcid": "PMC7262638", "title": "Inpatient Transition to Virtual Care During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Technol Ther", "authors": ["Jones, Morgan S", "Goley, April L", "Alexander, Bonnie E", "Keller, Scott B", "Caldwell, Marie M", "Buse, John B"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396395", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Introduction:\n                     During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, novel approaches to diabetes care have been employed. Care in both the inpatient and outpatient setting has transformed considerably. Driven by the need to reduce the use of personal protective equipment and exposure for patients and providers alike, we transitioned inpatient diabetes management services to largely \"virtual\" or remotely provided care at our hospital. \n                        Methods:\n                     Implementation of a diabetes co-management service under the direction of the University of North Carolina division of endocrinology was initiated in July 2019. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the diabetes service was largely transitioned to a virtual care model in March 2020. Automatic consults for COVID-19 patients were implemented. Glycemic outcomes from before and after transition to virtual care were evaluated. \n                        Results:\n                     Data over a 15-week period suggest that using virtual care for diabetes management in the hospital is feasible and can provide similar outcomes to traditional face-to-face care. \n                        Conclusion:\n                     Automatic consults for COVID-19 patients ensure that patients with serious illness receive specialized diabetes care. Transitioning to virtual care models does not limit the glycemic outcomes of inpatient diabetes care and should be employed to reduce patient and provider exposure in the setting of COVID-19. These findings may have implications for reducing nosocomial infection in less challenging times and might address shortage of health care providers, especially in the remote areas."}, {"pmid": 32324728, "title": "What are the priorities of pathologists' activities during COVID-19 emergency?", "journal": "Pathologica", "authors": ["Barbareschi, Mattia", "Facchetti, Fabio", "Fraggetta, Filippo", "Sapino, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324728", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462211, "title": "Covid-19: Japan's success despite inept bureaucracy and incompetence.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Crump, Andy", "Tanimoto, Tetsuya"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462211", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234805, "pmcid": "PMC7164555", "title": "Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 transmission suggests epidemic control with digital contact tracing.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Ferretti, Luca", "Wymant, Chris", "Kendall, Michelle", "Zhao, Lele", "Nurtay, Anel", "Abeler-Dorner, Lucie", "Parker, Michael", "Bonsall, David", "Fraser, Christophe"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234805", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The newly emergent human virus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2) is resulting in high fatality rates and incapacitated health systems. Preventing further transmission is a priority. We analyzed key parameters of epidemic spread to estimate the contribution of different transmission routes and determine requirements for case isolation and contact tracing needed to stop the epidemic. Although SARS-CoV-2 is spreading too fast to be contained by manual contact tracing, it could be controlled if this process were faster, more efficient, and happened at scale. A contact-tracing app that builds a memory of proximity contacts and immediately notifies contacts of positive cases can achieve epidemic control if used by enough people. By targeting recommendations to only those at risk, epidemics could be contained without resorting to mass quarantines (\"lockdowns\") that are harmful to society. We discuss the ethical requirements for an intervention of this kind."}, {"pmid": 32418648, "pmcid": "PMC7207099", "title": "Social isolation as a means of reducing dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety and increasing psychoneuroimmunity.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Milman, Evgenia", "Lee, Sherman A", "Neimeyer, Robert A"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418648", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507575, "title": "Caring for patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic: Important considerations for pharmacists.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Elnaem, Mohamed Hassan", "Cheema, Ejaz"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507575", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of the COVID-19 infection, coupled with the increased global burden of diabetes, has imposed significant challenges to the healthcare providers in providing effective and sustained care to patients with diabetes during the ongoing pandemic. It is, therefore, important for healthcare providers to understand and follow the recommended changes in the delivery of care, lifestyle modifications, and pharmacotherapy to ensure optimal care to the patients during and post-pandemic era. This commentary aims to discuss the impact of COVID-19 on diabetes care and the important considerations for pharmacists during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32198834, "pmcid": "PMC7228209", "title": "Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: Does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation?", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Guillen, Elena", "Pineiro, Gaston J", "Revuelta, Ignacio", "Rodriguez, Diana", "Bodro, Marta", "Moreno, Asuncion", "Campistol, Josep M", "Diekmann, Fritz", "Ventura-Aguiar, Pedro"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198834", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is novel infectious disease with an evolving understanding of its epidemiology and clinical manifestations. Immunocompromised patients often present atypical presentations of viral diseases. Herein we report a case of a COVID-19 infection in a solid organ transplant recipient, in which the first clinical symptoms were of gastrointestinal viral disease and fever, which further progressed to respiratory symptoms in 48\u00a0hours. In these high risk populations, protocols for screening for SARS-Cov2 may be needed to be re-evaluated."}, {"pmid": 32324236, "pmcid": "PMC7180422", "title": "Epidemiological Assessment of Imported Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases in the Most Affected City Outside of Hubei Province, Wenzhou, China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Han, Yi", "Liu, Yi", "Zhou, Liyuan", "Chen, Enguo", "Liu, Pengyuan", "Pan, Xiaoqing", "Lu, Yan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324236", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423954, "title": "Accelerating drug development through repurposed FDA approved drugs for COVID-19: speed is important, not haste.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Gordy, James T", "Mazumdar, Kaushiki", "Dutta, Noton K"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423954", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A life-threatening, emerging respiratory disease called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) 26 originated in the city of Wuhan in China's Hubei province in December, 2019 and has been classified as 27 an international pandemic by the World Health Organization.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32176361, "title": "Potentially repurposing adamantanes for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cimolai, Nevio"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176361", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496947, "title": "COVID - A Caring Reflection.", "journal": "J Pastoral Care Counsel", "authors": ["Sylvester, Apara Mahal"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496947", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Those of us who can come to work every day and provide emotional and spiritual support to the patients, families, staff, and to each other despite all challenges. COVID-19 has not robbed us of our ability to care. COVID-19 has not robbed us of our voices in using kind words, thoughts, sentiments, and prayers to comfort others and each other. Most importantly, COVID-19 has not broken us."}, {"pmid": 32524953, "title": "Could Water and Sanitation Shortfalls Exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Risks?", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Odih, Erkison E", "Afolayan, Ayorinde O", "Akintayo, IfeOluwa", "Okeke, Iruka N"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524953", "countries": ["United States", "China", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, is shed in stool. SARS coronaviruses have been detected in wastewater during outbreaks in China, Europe, and the United States. In this perspective, we outline the risk fecal shedding poses at locations without safely managed sanitation, as in most of Nigeria where we work. We believe that feco-oral transmission could occur if community transmission becomes high and sustained in densely populated cities without proper sanitation in Nigeria and many other African and Asian settings. In the absence of basic sanitation, or where existing sanitation is not safely managed, groundwater, which is often drawn up from wells and boreholes for drinking and household use, can become contaminated with enteric bacteria and viruses from fecal matter. Endemic and epidemic transmission of multiple feco-oral pathogens via this route continues to be documented in areas without safely managed sanitation, and, therefore, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission needs to be evaluated, tracked, and forestalled in such settings. We suggest that fecal matter from treatment facilities and recovered patients should be carefully and properly disposed. Furthermore, environmental surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and accumulated human waste, as well as efforts to mitigate the virus' entry into unprotected household water sources, should be a priority part of the COVID-19 response in settings without safely managed sanitation for the duration of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32337795, "pmcid": "PMC7267364", "title": "Clinical role of lung ultrasound for the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Buonsenso, D", "Raffaelli, F", "Tamburrini, E", "Biasucci, D G", "Salvi, S", "Smargiassi, A", "Inchingolo, R", "Scambia, G", "Lanzone, A", "Testa, A C", "Moro, F"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337795", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung ultrasound has recently been suggested by the Chinese Critical Care Ultrasound Study Group and Italian Academy of Thoracic Ultrasound as an accurate tool to detect lung involvement during COVID-19. Although chest Computer Tomography (CT) represents the gold standard to assess lung involvement, with a specificity even superior to the nasal/pharyngeal swab for diagnosis, lung ultrasound examination can be a valid alternative to CT scan, with some advantages, particularly desirable for pregnant women. Indeed, ultrasound can be performed directly at bed side by a single operator, reducing the risk of spreading the outbreak among health professionals, as well as it is a radiation free exam making to be easier monitoring those patients who require serial exams. In the present study, we reported four cases of pregnant women affectd by COVID-19 infection who have been monitoring with lung ultrasound examination. All patients showed ultrasound features indicative of COVID-19 pneumonia at admission: irregular pleural lines and vertical artifacts (B-lines) were observed in all four cases, whereas patchy areas of white lung in two cases. LUS was more sensitive than chest X-ray in detecting COVID-19. Three patients had resolution of lung pathology at ultrasound after 96 h of admission. Two pregnancies are ongoing, whereas two patients had cesarean delivery with no fetal complications. PCR testing of both cord blood and newborn swabs were negative in both cases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32303024, "title": "The Importance of Psychodynamic Approach during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatr Danub", "authors": ["Marcinko, Darko", "Jakovljevic, Miro", "Jaksic, Nenad", "Bjedov, Sarah", "Mindoljevic Drakulic, Aleksandra"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303024", "countries": ["Croatia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak was labeled a global pandemic by the WHO in March of 2020. Understanding how crisis influence an individual's reactions to stressful events (and vice versa) is important in order to create meaningful and effective interventions. Our literature search have revealed lack of the papers related to psychodynamic approach to recent crisis. Psychodynamic places a large emphasis on defense mechanisms and unconscious mind, where upsetting feelings, urges, and thoughts that are too painful for us to directly look at are housed. Even though these painful feelings and thoughts are outside of our awareness, they still influence our behavior in many ways. Optimal application of psychodynamic approach offers the frame for acceptance of psychological stress in a more positive way and benefits psychological growth. We believe that including psychodynamic approach in the national public and mental health emergency system will empower Croatia and the world during (and after) COVID-19 pandemic crisis."}, {"pmid": 32313588, "pmcid": "PMC7167589", "title": "Chest CT Findings of Early and Progressive Phase COVID-19 Infection from a US Patient.", "journal": "Radiol Case Rep", "authors": ["Adair, Luther B 2nd", "Ledermann, Eric J"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313588", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19), originally reported in Wuhan, China, has rapidly proliferated throughout several continents and the first case in the United States was reported on January 19, 2020. According to the ACR guidelines issued shortly after this disease was declared a pandemic, radiologists are expected to familiarize themselves with the CT appearance of COVID-19 infection in order to be able to identify specific findings of this entity. This case report discusses the relevant imaging findings of one of the first cases in the midwestern US. It involves a 60-year-old man who presented with fever, dyspnea, and cough for 1 week and subsequently tested positive for COVID-19. The utility of the noncontrast CT chest in the diagnosis of COVID-19 has been controversial, but there are specific imaging findings that have been increasingly associated with this virus in the appropriate clinical context. The stages of imaging findings in COVID-19 are considered along with the implications of fibrosis throughout the stages. Future considerations include using artificial intelligence algorithms to distinguish between community acquired pneumonias and COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32511852, "title": "Skin changes attributed to protective measures against COVID-19: a compilation.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Das, Anupam", "Kumar, Satarupa", "Sil, Abheek", "Jafferany, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407672, "pmcid": "PMC7213964", "title": "Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Levi, Marcel", "Thachil, Jecko", "Iba, Toshiaki", "Levy, Jerrold H"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407672", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416770, "pmcid": "PMC7255255", "title": "COVID-19 in patients with HIV - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Miro, Jose M", "Ambrosioni, Juan", "Blanco, Jose L"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416770", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422376, "pmcid": "PMC7228890", "title": "Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in association with remdesivir in severe Coronavirus disease 2019: A case report.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Franzetti, Marco", "Pozzetti, Ugo", "Carugati, Manuela", "Pandolfo, Alessandro", "Molteni, Chiara", "Faccioli, Paolo", "Castaldo, Gioacchino", "Longoni, Ernesto", "Ormas, Valentina", "Iemoli, Enrico", "Piconi, Stefania"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422376", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the first successful treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra, in association with the most promising and available antiviral therapy, of a severe case of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We describe the diagnosis, clinical course, and management of the case, including the respiratory failure at presentation, the progression to a scenario characterized by profound inflammatory dysregulation similar to that observed during macrophage activation syndrome, and the clinical improvement after treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra. This case highlights the high tolerability and the interesting immunomodulatory profile of the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in the setting of severe COVID-19 associated with remdesivir therapy. Further studies are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of this combination strategy in the treatment of this emerging infection."}, {"pmid": 32283233, "pmcid": "PMC7151451", "title": "Reply to \"COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for dengue\": Petechial rash in a patient with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Jimenez-Cauhe, Juan", "Ortega-Quijano, Daniel", "Prieto-Barrios, Marta", "Moreno-Arrones, Oscar M", "Fernandez-Nieto, Diego"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283233", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293815, "title": "Department of rehabilitation medicine in Shanghai response for coronavirus disease 2019: the impact and challenges.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Zhong, Zongye", "Zhang, Jian", "Chen, Jun", "Liu, Bangzhong"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293815", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424836, "title": "Lung tissue distribution of drugs as a key factor for COVID-19 treatment.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Wang, Yan", "Chen, Lei"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424836", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292696, "pmcid": "PMC7138191", "title": "COVID-19 Infection Unmasking Brugada Syndrome.", "journal": "HeartRhythm Case Rep", "authors": ["Chang, David", "Saleh, Moussa", "Garcia-Bengo, Youssef", "Choi, Evan", "Epstein, Laurence", "Willner, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292696", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516045, "title": "A different way of nursing.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Foster, Sam"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516045", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, considers how different ways of working during the COVID-19 emergency have led nurses to reflect on and change the way they nurse."}, {"pmid": 32453865, "title": "Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis associated with novel 2019 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Dominguez-Santas, M", "Diaz-Guimaraens, B", "Garcia Abellas, P", "Moreno-Garcia Del Real, C", "Burgos-Blasco feminine, P", "Suarez-Valle, A"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453865", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly become a global health issue. Although it is known to produce diverse cutaneous manifestations, some of them have yet to be described. This letter reports new dermatologic findings associated with a confirmed COVID-19 case."}, {"pmid": 32139397, "title": "Covid-19: 90% of cases will hit NHS over nine week period, chief medical officer warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32139397", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434806, "title": "Management of acute kidney injury in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Hassanein, Mohamed", "Thomas, George", "Taliercio, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434806", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute kidney injury has been reported in as many as 29% of COVID-19 patients. Reported risk factors include elevated baseline serum creatinine, elevated blood urea nitrogen, acute kidney injury, proteinuria, and hematuria. Suspected causes include sepsis and acute tubular necrosis resulting from renal hypoperfusion, cytokine release syndrome, direct viral invasion, renal medullary hypoxia secondary to alveolar damage, rhabdomyolysis, and cardiorenal syndrome due to viral myocarditis."}, {"pmid": 32383155, "pmcid": "PMC7262011", "title": "Letter to the Editor Re: Coronavirus disease 2019: The harms of exaggerated information and non-evidence-based measures.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Gabutti, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383155", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273278, "title": "Covid-19: should the public wear face masks?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Javid, Babak", "Weekes, Michael P", "Matheson, Nicholas J"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273278", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452542, "title": "COVID-19 Presenting with Atypical Sweet's Syndrome.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Taskin, Banu", "Vural, Secil", "Altug, Elif", "Demirkesen, Cuyan", "Kocaturk, Emek", "Celebi, Irfan", "Ferhanoglu, Burhan", "Alper, Sibel"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452542", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the first case of the novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) was officially confirmed in Turkey. The disease continues to spread, and the number of patients has risen to 120,000 by the end of April.\u00a0In this observation, we report an atypical presentation of COVID-19 in a patient with indurated painful nodules. A-61-years-old woman with a one-week history of fever (axillary 38\u00b0C) and nodules on the cheek was admitted to the hospital with fatigue, arthralgia and myalgia."}, {"pmid": 32503702, "pmcid": "PMC7144602", "title": "Specific Considerations for Pediatric, Fetal, and Congenital Heart Disease Patients and Echocardiography Service Providers during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Council on Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Supplement to the Statement of the American Society of Echocardiography: Endorsed by the Society of Pediatric Echocardiography and the Fetal Heart Society.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Barker, Piers C A", "Lewin, Mark B", "Donofrio, Mary T", "Altman, Carolyn A", "Ensing, Gregory J", "Arya, Bhawna", "Swaminathan, Madhav"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503702", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281785, "pmcid": "PMC7158889", "title": "Dual-Functional Plasmonic Photothermal Biosensors for Highly Accurate Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Detection.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Qiu, Guangyu", "Gai, Zhibo", "Tao, Yile", "Schmitt, Jean", "Kullak-Ublick, Gerd A", "Wang, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281785", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread globally and poses a threat to public health in more than 200 countries. Reliable laboratory diagnosis of the disease has been one of the foremost priorities for promoting public health interventions. The routinely used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is currently the reference method for COVID-19 diagnosis. However, it also reported a number of false-positive or -negative cases, especially in the early stages of the novel virus outbreak. In this work, a dual-functional plasmonic biosensor combining the plasmonic photothermal (PPT) effect and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing transduction provides an alternative and promising solution for the clinical COVID-19 diagnosis. The two-dimensional gold nanoislands (AuNIs) functionalized with complementary DNA receptors can perform a sensitive detection of the selected sequences from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through nucleic acid hybridization. For better sensing performance, the thermoplasmonic heat is generated on the same AuNIs chip when illuminated at their plasmonic resonance frequency. The localized PPT heat is capable to elevate the in situ hybridization temperature and facilitate the accurate discrimination of two similar gene sequences. Our dual-functional LSPR biosensor exhibits a high sensitivity toward the selected SARS-CoV-2 sequences with a lower detection limit down to the concentration of 0.22 pM and allows precise detection of the specific target in a multigene mixture. This study gains insight into the thermoplasmonic enhancement and its applicability in the nucleic acid tests and viral disease diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32417164, "pmcid": "PMC7211708", "title": "Treatment of sleep apnea by ENT specialists during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Bastier, P-L", "Aisenberg, N", "Durand, F", "Lestang, P", "Abedipour, D", "Gallet de Santerre, O", "Couloigner, V", "Bequignon, E"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417164", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The treatment of sleep disorders has been strongly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. When the lockdown is over, resumption of usual patient care will require precautions to limit the risk of contamination for patients and caregivers. In this document, the French Association of Otorhinolaryngology and Sleep disorders (AFSORL) and the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL) put forward a summary of the measures for continuing the treatment of sleep apnoea syndrome in these new practice conditions. Emphasis is placed on teleconsultation, methods of nocturnal sleep studies, the conditions for treatment by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation, and the postponement of more invasive treatments."}, {"pmid": 32521345, "title": "How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised?", "journal": "Environ Int", "authors": ["Morawska, Lidia", "Tang, Julian W", "Bahnfleth, William", "Bluyssen, Philomena M", "Boerstra, Atze", "Buonanno, Giorgio", "Cao, Junji", "Dancer, Stephanie", "Floto, Andres", "Franchimon, Francesco", "Haworth, Charles", "Hogeling, Jaap", "Isaxon, Christina", "Jimenez, Jose L", "Kurnitski, Jarek", "Li, Yuguo", "Loomans, Marcel", "Marks, Guy", "Marr, Linsey C", "Mazzarella, Livio", "Melikov, Arsen Krikor", "Miller, Shelly", "Milton, Donald K", "Nazaroff, William", "Nielsen, Peter V", "Noakes, Catherine", "Peccia, Jordan", "Querol, Xavier", "Sekhar, Chandra", "Seppanen, Olli", "Tanabe, Shin-Ichi", "Tellier, Raymond", "Tham, Kwok Wai", "Wargocki, Pawel", "Wierzbicka, Aneta", "Yao, Maosheng"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521345", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the rapid rise in COVID-19 illnesses and deaths globally, and notwithstanding recommended precautions, questions are voiced about routes of transmission for this pandemic disease. Inhaling small airborne droplets is probable as a third route of infection, in addition to more widely recognized transmission via larger respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected people or contaminated surfaces. While uncertainties remain regarding the relative contributions of the different transmission pathways, we argue that existing evidence is sufficiently strong to warrant engineering controls targeting airborne transmission as part of an overall strategy to limit infection risk indoors. Appropriate building engineering controls include sufficient and effective ventilation, possibly enhanced by particle filtration and air disinfection, avoiding air recirculation and avoiding overcrowding. Often, such measures can be easily implemented and without much cost, but if only they are recognised as significant in contributing to infection control goals. We believe that the use of engineering controls in public buildings, including hospitals, shops, offices, schools, kindergartens, libraries, restaurants, cruise ships, elevators, conference rooms or public transport, in parallel with effective application of other controls (including isolation and quarantine, social distancing and hand hygiene), would be an additional important measure globally to reduce the likelihood of transmission and thereby protect healthcare workers, patients and the general public."}, {"pmid": 32392262, "pmcid": "PMC7213702", "title": "Prevalence, Severity and Mortality associated with COPD and Smoking in patients with COVID-19: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Alqahtani, Jaber S", "Oyelade, Tope", "Aldhahir, Abdulelah M", "Alghamdi, Saeed M", "Almehmadi, Mater", "Alqahtani, Abdullah S", "Quaderi, Shumonta", "Mandal, Swapna", "Hurst, John R"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392262", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an evolving infectious disease that dramatically spread all over the world in the early part of 2020. No studies have yet summarized the potential severity and mortality risks caused by COVID-19 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and we update information in smokers. We systematically searched electronic databases from inception to March 24, 2020. Data were extracted by two independent authors in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Study quality was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We synthesized a narrative from eligible studies and conducted a meta-analysis using a random-effects model to calculate pooled prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). In total, 123 abstracts were screened and 61 full-text manuscripts were reviewed. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, which included a total of 2473 confirmed COVID-19 patients. All studies were included in the meta-analysis. The crude case fatality rate of COVID-19 was 7.4%. The pooled prevalence rates of COPD patients and smokers in COVID-19 cases were 2% (95% CI, 1%-3%) and 9% (95% CI, 4%-14%) respectively. COPD patients were at a higher risk of more severe disease (risk of severity = 63%, (22/35) compared to patients without COPD 33.4% (409/1224) [calculated RR, 1.88 (95% CI, 1.4-2.4)]. This was associated with higher mortality (60%). Our results showed that 22% (31/139) of current smokers and 46% (13/28) of ex-smokers had severe complications. The calculated RR showed that current smokers were 1.45 times more likely [95% CI: 1.03-2.04] to have severe complications compared to former and never smokers. Current smokers also had a higher mortality rate of 38.5%. Although COPD prevalence in COVID-19 cases was low in current reports, COVID-19 infection was associated with substantial severity and mortality rates in COPD. Compared to former and never smokers, current smokers were at greater risk of severe complications and higher mortality rate. Effective preventive measures are required to reduce COVID-19 risk in COPD patients and current smokers."}, {"pmid": 32327397, "pmcid": "PMC7166303", "title": "Safety signals for QT prolongation or Torsades de Pointes associated with azithromycin with or without chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Sarayani, Amir", "Cicali, Brian", "Henriksen, Carl H", "Brown, Joshua D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327397", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Combinations of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin have been promoted as treatments for COVID-19 based on small, uncontrolled clinical trials that have not assessed potential risks. Risks of treatment include QT segment prolongation, Torsades de Pointes (TdP), and death. This comparative pharmacovigilance analysis evaluated the risk of these events. Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) (>13 million total reports) were used. Queries extracted reports based on exposures of HCQ/chloroquine (CQ) alone, azithromycin alone, HCQ/CQ\u00a0+\u00a0azithromycin, amoxicillin alone, HCQ/CQ\u00a0+\u00a0amoxicillin alone. Amoxicillin served as a control. Events of interest included death and TdP/QT prolongation as well as accidents/injuries and depression as control events. Proportional Reporting Ratios (PRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated where a lower limit of the of 95% CI (Lower95CI) value of \u22652.0 is interpreted as a potential safety signal. Lower95CIs for HCQ/CQ alone showed no potential safety signals for TdP/QT prolongation, death, or any of the control events included. The PRRs and 95% CIs for TdP/QT prolongation was 1.43 (1.29-2.59) with HCQ/CQ use alone and 4.10 (3.80-4.42) for azithromycin alone. For the combined HCQ/CQ\u00a0+\u00a0azithromycin group, the PRR and 95% CI was 3.77 (1.80-7.87). For the control of amoxicillin, there were no safety signals when used alone or in combination with HCQ/CQ. HCQ/CQ use was not associated with a safety signal in this analysis of FAERS data. However, azithromycin used alone was associated with TdP/QT prolongation events and should be used with caution."}, {"pmid": 32499215, "title": "DRC faces new Ebola outbreak, covid-19, and measles all at once.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499215", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490918, "title": "Perceived stress associated with COVID-19 epidemic in Colombia: an online survey.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Pedrozo-Pupo, John Carlos", "Pedrozo-Cortes, Maria Jose", "Campo-Arias, Adalberto"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490918", "countries": ["Colombia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to assess the prevalence and variables related to perceived stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of Colombian adults using a designed online cross-sectional survey. Adults answered a version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) modified for COVID-19 (PSS-10-C), with Cronbach alpha equal to 0.86. In total, 406 individuals aged between 19 and 88 years (M = 43.9; SD = 12.4) agreed to participate in the survey: 61.8% were females, 90.6% had a university degree, 44.1% were health professionals, and 45.7% considered public health policies for preventing the spread of the disease inconsistent with scientific recommendations. PSS-10-C scores ranged from 0 to 36 (M = 16.5; SD = 7.3); 58 individuals (14.3%) scored for high perceived stress (cut-off point = 25). The inconsistency between policies and scientific evidence was significantly related to high perception of stress associated with COVID-19 (OR = 2.36; 95%CI: 1.32-4.20), after adjusting for gender. We concluded that the study group presented the prevalence of perceived stress associated with COVID-19 at high levels, arising from the inconsistent strategies developed by health authorities in view of scientific recommendations. Further researches must address the psychosocial aspects of epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32461491, "title": "Resurgence of \"bow and arrow\" related ocular trauma: Collateral damage arising from COVID-19 lockdown in India?", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Bapaye, Maneesh M", "Nair, Akshay Gopinathan", "Mangulkar, Pankaj P", "Bapaye, Charuta M", "Bapaye, Meena M"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461491", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438328, "pmcid": "PMC7217103", "title": "Obesity as a predictor for a poor prognosis of COVID-19: A systematic review.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Tamara, Alice", "Tahapary, Dicky L"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438328", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an emerging pandemic due to droplet infection of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Due to its rapid transmission and high case-fatality rate, recognition of its risk and prognostic factor is important. Obesity has been associated with impaired immune system, increasing the susceptibility for 2019-nCoV infection. We aimed to study the impact of obesity to the prognosis and disease severity of COVID-19. A systematic search and handsearching was conducted in four databases: Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed. The identified articles were screened using the chosen eligibility criteria. We obtained three retrospective cohort studies (Wu J et\u00a0al., Lighter J et\u00a0al., and Simonnet A et\u00a0al.) to be critically appraised using Newcastle Ottawa Scale. The findings of all included studies were consistent in stating the contribution of obesity as a risk factor to increase the requirement for advanced medical care. Study with the highest quality, Simonnet A et\u00a0al., reported an increase need of invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients with body mass index higher than 35\u00a0kg/m2, OR: 7.36 (1.63-33.14; p\u00a0=\u00a00.021). This is associated with a higher mortality rate in obese population infected with COVID-19. Obesity is an independent risk and prognostic factor for the disease severity and the requirement of advanced medical care in COVID-19. This systematic review highlights a particularly vulnerable group - obese, and emphasises on the importance of treatment aggression and disease prevention in this population group."}, {"pmid": 32389521, "pmcid": "PMC7186123", "title": "COVID-19 infection in patients following hepato-pancreatico-biliary intervention: An early experience.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Doran, S L F", "Patel, P H", "Chaudry, A", "Pollok, J M", "Kumar, S", "Bhogal, R H"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389521", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515039, "title": "COVID-19 related collapse of transplantation systems: a heterogeneous recovery?", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Rodrigo, Emilio", "Minambres, Eduardo", "Gutierrez-Banos, Jose Luis", "Valero, Rosalia", "Belmar, Lara", "Carlos Ruiz, Juan"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515039", "countries": ["Spain", "United States", "France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has pushed healthcare systems to the limit worldwide. Hospital resources have been compromised, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Regarding that, some nephrologists have alerted about the potential shortages of our ability to deliver kidney replacement therapy to all patients who need it (1). Simultaneously, two reports have highlighted the collapse of organ transplantation figures in several countries such as France (91%), the US (51%) and Spain (87%), mainly due to a reduction in the number of transplants from deceased donors."}, {"pmid": 32398902, "pmcid": "PMC7214303", "title": "Characterize health and economic vulnerabilities of workers to control the emergence of COVID-19 in an industrial zone in Vietnam.", "journal": "Saf Sci", "authors": ["Tran, Bach Xuan", "Vu, Giang Thu", "Latkin, Carl A", "Pham, Hai Quang", "Phan, Hai Thanh", "Le, Huong Thi", "Ho, Roger C M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398902", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The detection of first COVID-19 infected industrial worker in Vietnam on 13 April 2020 prompted timely effort to examine the health problems, behaviors, and health services access of industrial workers to inform effective and appropriate COVID-19 control measures, minimizing the risk of industrial sites becoming the next disease cluster. A search strategy involving search terms corresponding to 'health', 'industrial worker', and 'Vietnam' was applied to search for related papers published in English on Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Duplicates were removed, and relevant data were extracted from the full text of remaining publications. Results showed that underlying health problems, including respiratory system problems, were common among industrial workers. Many suffered occupational diseases and/or work-related injuries. Self-treatment (without medication) was the most used method when having health problems (by 28.2% to 51% of participants), followed by visiting commune health centers (24%) and self-medication (20.3%). Findings suggest a high risk of disease spreading among industrial workers and of them suffering more severe conditions when infected. Economic vulnerabilities may be the reason for workers' reluctance to taking time off work to attend hospital/clinic. These imply a need for involving local pharmacies, commune health centers, traditional health providers or village health collaborators as local health gatekeepers who are the first point of detecting and reporting of suspected COVID-19 cases, as well as a channel where accurate information regarding COVID-19, protective equipment, and intervention packages can be delivered. Having COVID-19 testing centers at or near industrial sites are also recommended."}, {"pmid": 32339250, "title": "A potential ex vivo infection model of human induced pluripotent stem cell-3D organoids beyond coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Histol Histopathol", "authors": ["Zhou, Hang", "Liu, Li-Ping", "Fang, Mei", "Li, Yu-Mei", "Zheng, Yun-Wen"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339250", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak began in the city of Wuhan, whereupon it rapidly spread throughout China and subsequently across the world. Rapid transmission of COVID-19 has caused wide-spread panic. Many established medications have been used to treat the disease symptoms; however, no specific drugs or vaccines have been developed. Organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may serve as suitable infection models for ex vivo mimicking of the viral life cycle and drug screening. Human iPSC-3D organoids, self-organised tissues with multiple cell environments, have a similar structure and function as real human organs; hence, these organoids allow greater viral infection efficiency, mimic the natural host-virus interactions, and are suitable for long-term experimentation. Here, we suggest the use of a functional human iPSC-organoid that could act as a reliable and feasible ex vivo infection model for investigation of the virus. This approach will provide much needed insight into the underlying molecular dynamics of COVID-19 for the development of novel treatment and prevention strategies."}, {"pmid": 32405285, "pmcid": "PMC7218383", "title": "SAFETY IN DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY PROCEDURES IN THE COVID ERA RECOMMENDATIONS IN PROGRES OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY OF DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Galloro, Giuseppe", "Pisani, Antonio", "Zagari, Rocco Maurizio", "Lamazza, Antonietta", "Cengia, Gianpaolo", "Ciliberto, Enrico", "Conigliaro, Rita L", "Carrara, Paola Da Massa", "Germana, Bastianello", "Pasquale, Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405285", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new corona virus disease has started in Wuhan - China at the end of 2019 and quickly spread with a pandemic trend across the rest of the world. The scientific community is making an extraordinary effort to study and control the situation, but the results are just partial. Based on the most recent scientific literature and strong statements by the most prestigious international health institutions, the Italian Society of Digestive Endoscopy has drawn up some recommendations about the use of personal protective equipment, the correct way of dressing and undressing of endoscopists and nurses, before and after digestive endoscopy procedures. In addition, some other important indications are given to reduce the risk of contamination\u00a0of healthcare providers during endoscopic activities, in the setting of a pandemic. Nevertheless, because of the very quick evolution of our knowledge on this issue, these recommendations must be considered as evolving, because they could change in a short time."}, {"pmid": 32470577, "pmcid": "PMC7250083", "title": "High throughput virtual screening reveals SARS-CoV-2 multi-target binding natural compounds to lead instant therapy for COVID-19 treatment.", "journal": "Int J Biol Macromol", "authors": ["Naik, Biswajit", "Gupta, Nidhi", "Ojha, Rupal", "Singh, Satyendra", "Prajapati, Vijay Kumar", "Prusty, Dhaneswar"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470577", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present-day world is severely suffering from the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2. The lack of prescribed drugs for the deadly virus has stressed the likely need to identify novel inhibitors to alleviate and stop the pandemic. In the present high throughput virtual screening study, we used in silico techniques like receptor-ligand docking, Molecular dynamic (MD), and ADME properties to screen natural compounds. It has been documented that many natural compounds display antiviral activities, including anti-SARS-CoV effect. The present study deals with compounds of Natural Product Activity and Species Source (NPASS) database with known biological activity that probably impedes the activity of six essential enzymes of the virus. Promising drug-like compounds were identified, demonstrating better docking score and binding energy for each druggable targets. After an extensive screening analysis, three novel multi-target natural compounds were predicted to subdue the activity of three/more major drug targets simultaneously. Concerning the utility of natural compounds in the formulation of many therapies, we propose these compounds as excellent lead candidates for the development of therapeutic drugs against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32482087, "title": "Incidence of New-Onset and Worsening Heart Failure Before and After the COVID-19 Epidemic Lockdown in Denmark: A Nationwide Cohort Study.", "journal": "Circ Heart Fail", "authors": ["Andersson, Charlotte", "Gerds, Thomas", "Fosbol, Emil", "Phelps, Matthew", "Andersen, Julie", "Lamberts, Morten", "Holt, Anders", "Butt, Jawad H", "Madelaire, Christian", "Gislason, Gunnar", "Torp-Pedersen, Christian", "Kober, Lars", "Schou, Morten"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482087", "countries": ["Denmark"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Danish government ordered a public lockdown on March 12, 2020, because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We investigated the immediate consequences of such a lockdown for patients with heart failure (HF). Using the Danish nationwide administrative databases, we investigated the incidence of new-onset HF and hospitalizations for worsening HF before and after the lockdown (January 1 to March 11 versus March 12 to March 31) in 2020 versus 2019. We also investigated the mortality for all patients with HF and in COVID-19-infected patients with HF. Rates of new-onset HF between January 1 and March 11 were comparable for 2020 and 2019 (1.83 versus 1.78 per 10 000 person-years; P=0.19), while hospitalizations for worsening HF were slightly higher in 2020 versus 2019 (1.04 versus 0.93 per 1000 person-years; P=0.02). In the lockdown period, rates of new-onset HF diagnoses (1.26 versus 2.25 per 1000 person-years) and of hospitalizations for worsening HF (0.63 versus 0.99 per 1000 person-years) were significantly lower in 2020 versus 2019 (P for both, <0.0001). Mortality was similar before and after the national lockdown for the population with HF. We observed 90 HF patients with diagnosed COVID-19 infection, of whom 37% (95% CI, 23%-50%) died within 15 days. The number of patients hospitalized with worsening HF or diagnosed with new-onset HF was markedly reduced after lockdown but has not yet impacted mortality in HF patients at a population-based level. However, these data raise concerns for a potential undertreatment of HF currently that may impact prognosis in the longer term."}, {"pmid": 32264666, "title": "Childhood Rheumatic Diseases and COVID-19 Pandemic: An Intriguing Linkage and a New Horizon", "journal": "Balkan Med J", "authors": ["Haslak, Fatih", "Yildiz, Mehmet", "Adrovic, Amra", "Barut, Kenan", "Kasapcopur, Ozgur"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264666", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As it is known, we are all in a pandemic situation due to a novel coronavirus, officially named \u201cSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2\u201d and the disease caused by the virus named \u201cCoronavirus disease-2019\u201d. The virus seems to has propensity to infect older male individuals with underlying disease. The clinical features were on a large scale that varies from being an asymptomatic carrier to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction. Fever, dry cough and fatigue are the most common symptoms. Not only, the disease seems to be rare and have a milder course in pediatric age but also respiratory failure, multiorgan dysfunction, and death are extremely rare. Although several comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are defined as a risk factor for developing the acute respiratory syndrome and need for intensive care; immune-compromised situations such as rheumatic disease which require immunosuppressive treatment strikingly are not found to be a risk factor for more severe disease course. However, there is a lack of data regarding the effects of \u201cCoronavirus disease-2019\u201d on pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases. Additionally, there are three controversial circumstances that patients with rheumatic diseases are believed to be more likely to have viral infections like \u201cSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2\u201d, on the other hand, antirheumatic drugs may have a protective and therapeutic role in Coronavirus disease-2019 and children are more unlikely to have serious disease course. Therefore, we aimed to have a contributor role for explaining this conundrum and present a bird\u2019s eye view regarding this equivocal issue in this review."}, {"pmid": 32522822, "title": "Adult congenital heart disease and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Radke, Robert M", "Frenzel, Tim", "Baumgartner, Helmut", "Diller, Gerhard-Paul"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522822", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) may be at high risk in the case of COVID-19. Due to the heterogeneity of ACHD and secondary complications, risk profiles are, however, not uniform. This document aims to give an overview of relevant data and outline our pragmatic approach to disease prevention and management. Based on anatomy and additional physiological factors including symptoms, exercise capacity, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and cyanosis, we propose a pragmatic approach to categorising patients into low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk groups. We regard especially patients with complex cyanotic conditions, those with palliated univentricular hearts, heart failure, severe valvular disease or pulmonary hypertension as high-risk patients. To avoid infection, we recommend self-isolation and exemption from work for these cohorts. Infected ACHD patients with low or moderate risk and without signs of deterioration may be remotely followed and cared for at home while in self isolation. High-risk patients or those with signs of respiratory or cardiovascular impairment require admission ideally at a tertiary ACHD centre. Especially patients with complex, cyanotic disease, heart failure and arrhythmias require particular attention. Treatment in patients with cyanotic heart disease should be guided by the relative degree of desaturation compared with baseline and lactate levels rather than absolute oxygen saturation levels. Patients with right heart dilatation or dysfunction are potentially at increased risk of right heart failure as mechanical ventilation and acute respiratory distress syndrome can lead to increase in pulmonary arterial pressures."}, {"pmid": 32493739, "title": "Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Toubiana, Julie", "Poirault, Clement", "Corsia, Alice", "Bajolle, Fanny", "Fourgeaud, Jacques", "Angoulvant, Francois", "Debray, Agathe", "Basmaci, Romain", "Salvador, Elodie", "Biscardi, Sandra", "Frange, Pierre", "Chalumeau, Martin", "Casanova, Jean-Laurent", "Cohen, Jeremie F", "Allali, Slimane"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493739", "countries": ["Japan", "France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the characteristics of children and adolescents affected by an outbreak of Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome and to evaluate a potential temporal association with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Prospective observational study. General paediatric department of a university hospital in Paris, France. 21 children and adolescents (aged \u226418 years) with features of Kawasaki disease who were admitted to hospital between 27 April and 11 May 2020 and followed up until discharge by 15 May 2020. The primary outcomes were clinical and biological data, imaging and echocardiographic findings, treatment, and outcomes. Nasopharyngeal swabs were prospectively tested for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and blood samples were tested for IgG antibodies to the virus. 21 children and adolescents (median age 7.9 (range 3.7-16.6) years) were admitted with features of Kawasaki disease over a 15 day period, with 12 (57%) of African ancestry. 12 (57%) presented with Kawasaki disease shock syndrome and 16 (76%) with myocarditis. 17 (81%) required intensive care support. All 21 patients had noticeable gastrointestinal symptoms during the early stage of illness and high levels of inflammatory markers. 19 (90%) had evidence of recent SARS-CoV-2 infection (positive RT-PCR result in 8/21, positive IgG antibody detection in 19/21). All 21 patients received intravenous immunoglobulin and 10 (48%) also received corticosteroids. The clinical outcome was favourable in all patients. Moderate coronary artery dilations were detected in 5 (24%) of the patients during hospital stay. By 15 May 2020, after 8 (5-17) days of hospital stay, all patients were discharged home. The ongoing outbreak of Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome among children and adolescents in the Paris area might be related to SARS-CoV-2. In this study an unusually high proportion of the affected children and adolescents had gastrointestinal symptoms, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, and were of African ancestry."}, {"pmid": 32503933, "title": "Reimagining healthcare after covid-19: a new normal for medicine.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Lakhani, Mayur", "Lakhani, Sonam", "Lakhani, Priyanka"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503933", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298036, "pmcid": "PMC7262168", "title": "Framework for prioritizing head and neck surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Topf, Michael C", "Shenson, Jared A", "Holsinger, F Christopher", "Wald, Samuel H", "Cianfichi, Lisa J", "Rosenthal, Eben L", "Sunwoo, John B"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298036", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an extraordinary demand on the United States health care system. Many institutions have canceled elective and non-urgent procedures to conserve resources and limit exposure. While operational definitions of elective and urgent categories exist, there is a degree of surgeon judgment in designation. In the present commentary, we provide a framework for prioritizing head and neck surgery during the pandemic. Unique considerations for the head and neck patient are examined including risk to the oncology patient, outcomes following delay in head and neck cancer therapy, and risk of transmission during otolaryngologic surgery. Our case prioritization criteria consist of four categories: urgent-proceed with surgery, less urgent-consider postpone >\u200930\u2009days, less urgent-consider postpone 30 to 90\u2009days, and case-by-case basis. Finally, we discuss our preoperative clinical pathway for transmission mitigation including defining low-risk and high-risk surgery for transmission and role of preoperative COVID-19 testing."}, {"pmid": 32293030, "pmcid": "PMC7235518", "title": "Letter to the Editor Re: Coronavirus disease 2019: The harms of exaggerated information and nonevidence-based measures.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Reichmann, James P"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293030", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422061, "pmcid": "PMC7249508", "title": "Thromboembolic Findings in COVID-19 Autopsies: Pulmonary Thrombosis or Embolism?", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Deshpande, Charuhas"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422061", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360003, "pmcid": "PMC7165121", "title": "Sometimes Less Is Worse: A Recommendation Against Nonintubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Piccioni, Federico", "Di Gregorio, Guido", "Rosboch, Giulio Luca", "Massullo, Domenico"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360003", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352485, "title": "How Dermatologists Can Learn and Contribute at the Leading Edge of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Dermatol", "authors": ["Madigan, Lauren M", "Micheletti, Robert G", "Shinkai, Kanade"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352485", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239796, "title": "Liver impairment in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective analysis of 115 cases from a single centre in Wuhan city, China.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Zhang, Yafei", "Zheng, Liang", "Liu, Lan", "Zhao, Mengya", "Xiao, Jun", "Zhao, Qiu"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239796", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is an ongoing global health emergency. The aim of our study was to investigate the changes of liver function and its clinical significance in COVID-19 patients. This retrospective, single-centre study was conducted on 115 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University from 18 January 2020 to 22 February 2020. Liver function and related indexes were analysed to evaluate its relationship with disease progression in COVID-19 patients. Part of the COVID-19 patients presented with varying degrees of abnormality in liver function indexes. However, the levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, GGT and LDH in COVID-19 patients were not significantly different when compared with hospitalised community-acquired pneumonia patients, and the levels of albumin is even significantly higher. The levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, LDH and INR showed statistically significant elevation in severe COVID-19 cases compared with that in mild cases. However, the clinical significance of the elevation is unremarkable. Majority of severe COVID-19 patients showed significantly decreasing in albumin level and continuously decreasing in the progress of illness. Most of the liver function indexes in COVID-19 patients were correlated with CRP and NLR, the markers of inflammation. Logistic regression analysis further identified NLR as the independent risk factor for severe COVID-19, as well as age. Although abnormalities of liver function indexes are common in COVID-19 patients, the impairment of liver function is not a prominent feature of COVID-19, and also may not have serious clinical consequences."}, {"pmid": 32435695, "pmcid": "PMC7225094", "title": "Reconstructing and forecasting the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States using a 5-parameter logistic growth model.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Chen, Ding-Geng", "Chen, Xinguang", "Chen, Jenny K"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435695", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many studies have modeled and predicted the spread of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) in the U.S. using data that begins with the first reported cases. However, the shortage of testing services to detect infected persons makes this approach subject to error due to its underdetection of early cases in the U.S. Our new approach overcomes this limitation and provides data supporting the public policy decisions intended to combat the spread of COVID-19 epidemic. We used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data documenting the daily new and cumulative cases of confirmed COVID-19 in the U.S. from January 22 to April 6, 2020, and reconstructed the epidemic using a 5-parameter logistic growth model. We fitted our model to data from a 2-week window (i.e., from March 21 to April 4, approximately one incubation period) during which large-scale testing was being conducted. With parameters obtained from this modeling, we reconstructed and predicted the growth of the epidemic and evaluated the extent and potential effects of underdetection. The data fit the model satisfactorily. The estimated daily growth rate was 16.8% overall with 95% CI: [15.95, 17.76%], suggesting a doubling period of 4\u2009days. Based on the modeling result, the tipping point at which new cases will begin to decline will be on April 7th, 2020, with a peak of 32,860 new cases on that day. By the end of the epidemic, at least 792,548 (95% CI: [789,162, 795,934]) will be infected in the U.S. Based on our model, a total of 12,029 cases were not detected between January 22 (when the first case was detected in the U.S.) and April 4. Our findings demonstrate the utility of a 5-parameter logistic growth model with reliable data that comes from a specified period during which governmental interventions were appropriately implemented. Beyond informing public health decision-making, our model adds a tool for more faithfully capturing the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32318327, "pmcid": "PMC7169892", "title": "Potential therapeutic effects of dipyridamole in the severely ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Pharm Sin B", "authors": ["Liu, Xiaoyan", "Li, Zhe", "Liu, Shuai", "Sun, Jing", "Chen, Zhanghua", "Jiang, Min", "Zhang, Qingling", "Wei, Yinghua", "Wang, Xin", "Huang, Yi-You", "Shi, Yinyi", "Xu, Yanhui", "Xian, Huifang", "Bai, Fan", "Ou, Changxing", "Xiong, Bei", "Lew, Andrew M", "Cui, Jun", "Fang, Rongli", "Huang, Hui", "Zhao, Jincun", "Hong, Xuechuan", "Zhang, Yuxia", "Zhou, Fuling", "Luo, Hai-Bin"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318327", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypercoagulability, hypertension, and multiorgan dysfunction. Effective antivirals with safe clinical profile are urgently needed to improve the overall prognosis. In an analysis of a randomly collected cohort of 124 patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), we found that hypercoagulability as indicated by elevated concentrations of D-dimers was associated with disease severity. By virtual screening of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug library, we identified an anticoagulation agent dipyridamole (DIP) in silico, which suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. In a proof-of-concept trial involving 31 patients with COVID-19, DIP supplementation was associated with significantly decreased concentrations of D-dimers (P<0.05), increased lymphocyte and platelet recovery in the circulation, and markedly improved clinical outcomes in comparison to the control patients. In particular, all 8 of the DIP-treated severely ill patients showed remarkable improvement: 7 patients (87.5%) achieved clinical cure and were discharged from the hospitals while the remaining 1 patient (12.5%) was in clinical remission."}, {"pmid": 32410517, "title": "Quarantine of the Covid-19 pandemic in suicide: A psychological autopsy.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Aquila, Isabella", "Sacco, Matteo Antonio", "Ricci, Cristoforo", "Gratteri, Santo", "Ricci, Pietrantonio"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410517", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemiology of suicide has identified numerous psychiatric and occupational risk factors. The circumstances surrounding a suicide are fundamental to determining whether its characteristics will play a crucial role in the decision-making process. The state of emergency arising from the Covid-19 pandemic has introduced a new element, given the general concern and feelings of alarm which are global. The most suitable forensic method to analyse these cases is the psychological autopsy. This study's purpose is to analyse the application of the psychological autopsy method to evaluate the impact of the pandemic where government lockdowns impose restrictions on personal freedom. We set out to consider how far this together with other factors may induce suicide. The literature does not as yet offer us a retrospective analysis of the influence of the global pandemic state on rates of suicide. Accordingly, we report a forensic case and examine the critical issues and problems in the management of these cases."}, {"pmid": 32282968, "pmcid": "PMC7262063", "title": "Preventing Suicide in Rural Communities During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Monteith, Lindsey L", "Holliday, Ryan", "Brown, Talia L", "Brenner, Lisa A", "Mohatt, Nathaniel V"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282968", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512038, "title": "IgG Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Viral RNA Persistence in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis.", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["De Vriese, An S", "Reynders, Marijke"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512038", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303722, "title": "Science in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303722", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472197, "pmcid": "PMC7255972", "title": "Mental health at the age of coronavirus: time for change.", "journal": "Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mezzina, Roberto", "Sashidharan, S P", "Rosen, Alan", "Killaspy, Helen", "Saraceno, Benedetto"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472197", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307204, "pmcid": "PMC7195107", "title": "Intrapartum care of women with COVID-19: A practical approach.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Sichitiu, Joanna", "Desseauve, David"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32191689, "title": "Initial Investigation of Transmission of COVID-19 Among Crew Members During Quarantine of a Cruise Ship - Yokohama, Japan, February 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Kakimoto, Kensaku", "Kamiya, Hajime", "Yamagishi, Takuya", "Matsui, Tamano", "Suzuki, Motoi", "Wakita, Takaji"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191689", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among passengers and crew on a cruise ship led to quarantine of approximately 3,700 passengers and crew that began on February 3, 2020, and lasted for nearly 4 weeks at the Port of Yokohama, Japan (1). By February 9, 20 cases had occurred among the ship's crew members. By the end of quarantine, approximately 700 cases of COVID-19 had been laboratory-confirmed among passengers and crew. This report describes findings from the initial phase of the cruise ship investigation into COVID-19 cases among crew members during February 4-12, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32434627, "title": "Lockdown in a Specialised Rehabilitation Unit: the Best of Times.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Glancy, D", "Reilly, L", "Cobbe, C", "Glynn, M", "Punchoo, S", "Foy, K"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434627", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Specialised rehabilitation units offer inpatient multi-disciplinary rehabilitation for individuals with severe and enduring mental illness. A cornerstone of therapy is the work in the community through further education and community organisations. However, coronavirus restrictions has meant that such external supports are no longer available for the duration of the crisis. This has led to opportunities for developing new ways of offering rehabilitation within hospital environments. This article describes some of the new initiatives developed. The benefits of the lockdown for service users is also discussed. Many found the cessation of visits from family members with whom they had an ambivalent relationship. The lockdown improved relationships between patients on the unit and encouraged a greater feeling of community. The lockdown has also emphasised the importance of team self-awareness and an awareness of the nature of the treatments offered."}, {"pmid": 32346531, "pmcid": "PMC7185905", "title": "Simple Economical Solution for Personal Protection Equipment (Face Mask/Shield) for Health Care Staff During COVID 19.", "journal": "Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Khan, Mubarak M", "Parab, Sapna R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It has taken a toll of lots of lives since its outbreak. Infection prevention at present is an appropriate control measure in addition to other measure like hand hygiene and personal protective equipment (PPE). In our country with a large population, supplying PPE to all the health care workers of all hospitals definitely is an economic burden. Hence we have come up with an economic and simple solution for face mask."}, {"pmid": 32410347, "pmcid": "PMC7272984", "title": "Equitably Sharing the Benefits and Burdens of Research: Covid-19 Raises the Stakes.", "journal": "Ethics Hum Res", "authors": ["Coleman, Carl H"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410347", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One of the central principles of research ethics is that the benefits and burdens of research with human participants should be equitably distributed. This principle has important implications for where research will be conducted, how participants will be recruited, what questions will be investigated, and who will control the distribution of any innovations that result. In the context of Covid-19, key issues include providing support to clinical trials in low- and middle-income countries, without taking needed resources away from other critical clinical and public health needs; designing recruitment strategies likely to generate sufficient enrollment from groups that have been disproportionately burdened by the virus, such as African Americans; supporting studies designed to improve outcomes in high-risk environments, such as nursing homes and group homes for the developmentally disabled; and ensuring that the medical products resulting from research are made available throughout the world at an affordable price. If clinical trials are not designed with equity considerations consciously in mind, the response to the pandemic may further exacerbate disparities in health status between population groups."}, {"pmid": 32240634, "pmcid": "PMC7158570", "title": "Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Verity, Robert", "Okell, Lucy C", "Dorigatti, Ilaria", "Winskill, Peter", "Whittaker, Charles", "Imai, Natsuko", "Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina", "Thompson, Hayley", "Walker, Patrick G T", "Fu, Han", "Dighe, Amy", "Griffin, Jamie T", "Baguelin, Marc", "Bhatia, Sangeeta", "Boonyasiri, Adhiratha", "Cori, Anne", "Cucunuba, Zulma", "FitzJohn, Rich", "Gaythorpe, Katy", "Green, Will", "Hamlet, Arran", "Hinsley, Wes", "Laydon, Daniel", "Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma", "Riley, Steven", "van Elsland, Sabine", "Volz, Erik", "Wang, Haowei", "Wang, Yuanrong", "Xi, Xiaoyue", "Donnelly, Christl A", "Ghani, Azra C", "Ferguson, Neil M"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240634", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the face of rapidly changing data, a range of case fatality ratio estimates for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been produced that differ substantially in magnitude. We aimed to provide robust estimates, accounting for censoring and ascertainment biases. We collected individual-case data for patients who died from COVID-19 in Hubei, mainland China (reported by national and provincial health commissions to Feb 8, 2020), and for cases outside of mainland China (from government or ministry of health websites and media reports for 37 countries, as well as Hong Kong and Macau, until Feb 25, 2020). These individual-case data were used to estimate the time between onset of symptoms and outcome (death or discharge from hospital). We next obtained age-stratified estimates of the case fatality ratio by relating the aggregate distribution of cases to the observed cumulative deaths in China, assuming a constant attack rate by age and adjusting for demography and age-based and location-based under-ascertainment. We also estimated the case fatality ratio from individual line-list data on 1334 cases identified outside of mainland China. Using data on the prevalence of PCR-confirmed cases in international residents repatriated from China, we obtained age-stratified estimates of the infection fatality ratio. Furthermore, data on age-stratified severity in a subset of 3665 cases from China were used to estimate the proportion of infected individuals who are likely to require hospitalisation. Using data on 24 deaths that occurred in mainland China and 165 recoveries outside of China, we estimated the mean duration from onset of symptoms to death to be 17\u00b78 days (95% credible interval [CrI] 16\u00b79-19\u00b72) and to hospital discharge to be 24\u00b77 days (22\u00b79-28\u00b71). In all laboratory confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases from mainland China (n=70\u2008117), we estimated a crude case fatality ratio (adjusted for censoring) of 3\u00b767% (95% CrI 3\u00b756-3\u00b780). However, after further adjusting for demography and under-ascertainment, we obtained a best estimate of the case fatality ratio in China of 1\u00b738% (1\u00b723-1\u00b753), with substantially higher ratios in older age groups (0\u00b732% [0\u00b727-0\u00b738] in those aged <60 years vs 6\u00b74% [5\u00b77-7\u00b72] in those aged \u226560 years), up to 13\u00b74% (11\u00b72-15\u00b79) in those aged 80 years or older. Estimates of case fatality ratio from international cases stratified by age were consistent with those from China (parametric estimate 1\u00b74% [0\u00b74-3\u00b75] in those aged <60 years [n=360] and 4\u00b75% [1\u00b78-11\u00b71] in those aged \u226560 years [n=151]). Our estimated overall infection fatality ratio for China was 0\u00b766% (0\u00b739-1\u00b733), with an increasing profile with age. Similarly, estimates of the proportion of infected individuals likely to be hospitalised increased with age up to a maximum of 18\u00b74% (11\u00b70-37\u00b76) in those aged 80 years or older. These early estimates give an indication of the fatality ratio across the spectrum of COVID-19 disease and show a strong age gradient in risk of death. UK Medical Research Council."}, {"pmid": 32367739, "title": "Outbreak dynamics of COVID-19 in Europe and the effect of travel restrictions.", "journal": "Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin", "authors": ["Linka, Kevin", "Peirlinck, Mathias", "Sahli Costabal, Francisco", "Kuhl, Ellen"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367739", "countries": ["France", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For the first time in history, on March 17, 2020, the European Union closed all its external borders in an attempt to contain the spreading of the coronavirus 2019, COVID-19. Throughout two past months, governments around the world have implemented massive travel restrictions and border control to mitigate the outbreak of this global pandemic. However, the precise effects of travel restrictions on the outbreak dynamics of COVID-19 remain unknown. Here we combine a global network mobility model with a local epidemiology model to simulate and predict the outbreak dynamics and outbreak control of COVID-19 across Europe. We correlate our mobility model to passenger air travel statistics and calibrate our epidemiology model using the number of reported COVID-19 cases for each country. Our simulations show that mobility networks of air travel can predict the emerging global diffusion pattern of a pandemic at the early stages of the outbreak. Our results suggest that an unconstrained mobility would have significantly accelerated the spreading of COVID-19, especially in Central Europe, Spain, and France. Ultimately, our network epidemiology model can inform political decision making and help identify exit strategies from current travel restrictions and total lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32386636, "pmcid": "PMC7198994", "title": "Fighting the novel coronavirus together with you.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Li, Jia"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386636", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361215, "pmcid": "PMC7162748", "title": "Delirium and sleep disturbances in COVID-19: a possible role for melatonin in hospitalized patients?", "journal": "Sleep Med", "authors": ["Zambrelli, Elena", "Canevini, Mariapaola", "Gambini, Orsola", "D'Agostino, Armando"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361215", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527845, "title": "Evolving Neuroimaging Findings during COVID-19.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Jain, R"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527845", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145829, "pmcid": "PMC7129706", "title": "Respiratory support for patients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Namendys-Silva, Silvio A"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145829", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282061, "pmcid": "PMC7262262", "title": "Editorial - COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Barret, John"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282061", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394897, "title": "Allergen Immunotherapy in the era of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Compalati, E", "Erlewyn-Lajeunesse, M", "Ali, F R", "Ojeda Fernandez, P", "Garcia Nunez, I", "Frati, F", "Mistrello, G"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394897", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324487, "title": "Cancer Treatment Adaptations in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Waisberg, Federico", "Enrico, Diego", "Angel, Martin", "Chacon, Matias"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324487", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243287, "pmcid": "PMC7173081", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Low and Middle-Income Countries.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Bong, Choon-Looi", "Brasher, Christopher", "Chikumba, Edson", "McDougall, Robert", "Mellin-Olsen, Jannicke", "Enright, Angela"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243287", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is spreading rapidly around the world with devastating consequences on patients, healthcare workers, health systems and economies. As it reaches low and middle-income countries, its effects could be even more dire because it will be difficult for them to respond aggressively to the pandemic. There is a great shortage of all health care providers who will be at risk due to a lack of personal protection equipment. Social distancing will be almost impossible. The necessary resources to treat patients will be in short supply. The end result could be a catastrophic loss of life. A global effort will be required to support faltering economies and health care systems."}, {"pmid": 32399393, "pmcid": "PMC7215148", "title": "The potential role of TNFalpha in 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Ye, Wenjing", "Lu, Saisai", "Xue, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399393", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus has spread rapidly in multiple countries. We report the first case of 2019-nCoV infection in a patient with Ankylosing Spondylitisthe (AS), who was a biological agent (anti-TNF\u03b1) user in Wenzhou, China, and describe the clinical course and management of the case."}, {"pmid": 32303881, "pmcid": "PMC7164410", "title": "Possible link between anosmia and COVID-19: sniffing out the truth.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Marinosci, Annalisa", "Landis, Basile N", "Calmy, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303881", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395702, "pmcid": "PMC7211041", "title": "The role of growth factor receptors in viral infections: An opportunity for drug repurposing against emerging viral diseases such as COVID-19?", "journal": "FASEB Bioadv", "authors": ["Hondermarck, Hubert", "Bartlett, Nathan W", "Nurcombe, Victor"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395702", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Growth factor receptors are known to be involved in the process of viral infection. Many viruses not only use growth factor receptors to physically attach to the cell surface and internalize, but also divert receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in order to replicate. Thus, repurposing drugs that have initially been developed to target growth factor receptors and their signaling in cancer may prove to be a fast track to effective therapies against emerging new viral infections, including the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32118394, "title": "[Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of lung cancer patients during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, L", "Xu, H Y", "Wang, Y"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118394", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the increasing number of cases and widening geographical spread, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been classified as one of the class B infectious diseases but prevented and controlled as class A infectious disease by the National Health Commission of China. The diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer patients have been challenged greatly because of extraordinary public health measures since the lung cancer patients are a high-risk population during the COVID-19 outbreak period. Strict protection for lung cancer patients is needed to avoid infection. Lung cancer patients are difficult to differentiate from patients with COVID-19 in terms of clinical symptoms, which will bring great trouble to the clinical work and physical and mental health of lung cancer patients. This review will demonstrate how to applicate appropriate and individual management for lung cancer patients to protect them from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32330440, "pmcid": "PMC7173806", "title": "Mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Valette, Xavier", "du Cheyron, Damien", "Goursaud, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330440", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526763, "title": "COVID-19 Experience in Hemodialysis Patients: A Cue for Therapeutic Heparin-Based Strategies?", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Pisani, Antonio", "Rizzo, Manuela", "Angelucci, Valentina", "Riccio, Eleonora"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526763", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In our opinion, the use of heparin could play a crucial role in these patients. In fact, recent studies have shown that heparin, the most commonly used anticoagulant during HD procedures, had anti-inflammatory properties and a direct antiviral action, due to its ability to prevent SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry into host cells. These activities, together with its anticoagulant action, could explain the ability of heparin to ameliorate COVID-19 clinical course."}, {"pmid": 32023682, "title": "[2019-nCoV: new challenges from coronavirus].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tian, H Y"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023682", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, at the end of 2019 shaped tremendous challenges to China's public health and clinical treatment. The virus belongs to the \u03b2 genus Coronavirus in the family Corornaviridae, and is closely related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, causing severe symptoms of pneumonia. The virus is transmitted through droplets, close contact, and other means, and patients in the incubation period could potentially transmit the virus to other persons. According to current observations, 2019-nCoV is weaker than SARS in pathogenesis, but has stronger transmission competence; it's mechanism of cross-species spread might be related with angiotensin-converting enzyme \u2161 (ACE2), which is consistent with the receptor SARS-CoV. After the outbreak of this disease, Chinese scientists invested a lot of energy to carry out research by developing rapid diagnostic reagents, identifying the characters of the pathogen, screening out clinical drugs that may inhibit the virus, and are rapidly developing vaccines. The emergence of 2019-nCoV reminds us once again of the importance of establishing a systematic coronavirus surveillance network. It also poses new challenges to prevention and control of the emerging epidemic and rapidly responses on scientific research."}, {"pmid": 32463459, "pmcid": "PMC7256862", "title": "Prescription Fill Patterns for Commonly Used Drugs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Vaduganathan, Muthiah", "van Meijgaard, Jeroen", "Mehra, Mandeep R", "Joseph, Jacob", "O'Donnell, Christopher J", "Warraich, Haider J"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463459", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472231, "pmcid": "PMC7259872", "title": "Preparing for the coming transnational cancer crisis amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cancer Causes Control", "authors": ["Ip, Eric C", "Lee, Shing Fung"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472231", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Spain", "China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The continuing outbreak of the\u00a0coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has inflicted considerable burdens onto the health system of China, the world's most populous country. Remarkably, among spectrum of potential\u00a0mitigation strategies, the Chinese government has implemented all-out\u00a0lockdowns on large geographical areas, unprecedented in the modern era. This inevitably undermined\u00a0the right to healthcare of many who now faced great difficulty in getting treatment, especially those with cancer or other life-threatening issues. We elaborate and discuss the medico-legal and human rights consideration triggered by the lockdowns, the unprecedented mass quarantine of Hubei province in China, and the suspension of normal healthcare services. We argue that the same challenge will now be faced by\u00a0other countries, particularly the\u00a0USA, Italy, Spain, and France, as the epicentres of COVID-19 has shifted to Europe and the Americas."}, {"pmid": 32278467, "pmcid": "PMC7118684", "title": "[COVID-19 and people followed for breast cancer: French guidelines for clinical practice of Nice-St Paul de Vence, in collaboration with the College Nationale des Gynecologues et Obstetriciens Francais (CNGOF), the Societe d'Imagerie de la Femme (SIFEM), the Societe Francaise de Chirurgie Oncologique (SFCO), the Societe Francaise de Senologie et Pathologie Mammaire (SFSPM) and the French Breast Cancer Intergroup-UNICANCER (UCBG)].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Gligorov, Joseph", "Bachelot, Thomas", "Pierga, Jean-Yves", "Antoine, Eric-Charles", "Balleyguier, Corinne", "Barranger, Emmanuel", "Belkacemi, Yazid", "Bonnefoi, Herve", "Bidard, Francois-Clement", "Ceugnart, Luc", "Classe, Jean-Marc", "Cottu, Paul", "Coutant, Charles", "Cutuli, Bruno", "Dalenc, Florence", "Darai, Emile", "Dieras, Veronique", "Dohollou, Nadine", "Giacchetti, Sylvie", "Goncalves, Anthony", "Hardy-Bessard, Anne-Claire", "Houvenaeghel, Gilles", "Jacquin, Jean-Philippe", "Jacot, William", "Levy, Christelle", "Mathelin, Carole", "Nisand, Israel", "Petit, Thierry", "Petit, Thierry", "Poncelet, Edouard", "Rivera, Sofia", "Rouzier, Roman", "Salmon, Remy", "Scotte, Florian", "Spano, Jean-Philippe", "Uzan, Catherine", "Zelek, Laurent", "Spielmann, Marc", "Penault-Llorca, Frederique", "Namer, Moise", "Delaloge, Suzette"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278467", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478705, "title": "Bringing Cuban Biotech Research to Bear on COVID-19:All Hands and Minds on Deck.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Castellanos-Serra, Lila"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478705", "countries": ["Cuba"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This MEDICC Review roundtable gathers some of Cuba's top researchers in the fi elds of vaccines and biotechnology, all of whom work in institutions belonging to BioCubaFarma, the umbrella company of Cuban biotech and pharmaceutical R&D, production, distribution and export. Founded in 2012, the company is comprised of 34 enterprises with 61 lines of production and some 20,000 employees. A total of 765 of its products are registered in 53 countries and exported to an-other 50. Its scientists' research has resulted in 2640 patents in Cuba and globally."}, {"pmid": 32387229, "pmcid": "PMC7252013", "title": "Social distancing and the use of PPE by community pharmacy personnel: Does evidence support these measures?", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Hasan, Syed Shahzad", "Kow, Chia Siang", "Zaidi, Syed Tabish Razi"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387229", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Community pharmacists are one of the most accessible healthcare professionals and are often served as the first point of contact when it comes to minor ailments and health advice. As such, community pharmacists can play a vital role in a country's response to various preventative and public health measures amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the essential nature of community pharmacy as a health service, community pharmacies are unlikely to shut down in any foreseeable lockdown scenario. It is therefore important to assess the preventative measure directives for community pharmacies that are in place to safeguard community pharmacy personnel from SARS-CoV-2 in the various parts of the world. Upon reviewing the recommendations of 15 selected countries across five continents (Asia, Europe, Oceania, North America, and Africa) on social distancing and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in community pharmacies, we found inconsistencies in the recommended social distance to be practiced within the community pharmacies. There were also varying recommendations on the use of PPE by the pharmacy personnel. Despite the differences in the recommendations, maintaining recommended social distance and the wearing of appropriate PPE is of utmost importance for healthcare workers, including community pharmacy personnel dealing with day-to-day patient care activities, though full PPE should be worn when dealing with suspected COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32331965, "pmcid": "PMC7164893", "title": "Diagnosing Pulmonary Thromboembolism in COVID-19: A Stepwise Clinical and Imaging Approach.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Rouhezamin, Mohammad Reza", "Haseli, Sara"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331965", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482685, "title": "Covid-19: Leading statistician welcomes UK government's move to improve testing data.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482685", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267762, "title": "Research towards treating COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Mendes, Aysha"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267762", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245346, "title": "The Coronavirus and the Risks to the Elderly in Long-Term Care.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Gardner, William", "States, David", "Bagley, Nicholas"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245346", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The elderly in long-term care (LTC) and their caregiving staff are at elevated risk from COVID-19. Outbreaks in LTC facilities can threaten the health care system. COVID-19 suppression should focus on testing and infection control at LTC facilities. Policies should also be developed to ensure that LTC facilities remain adequately staffed and that infection control protocols are closely followed. Family will not be able to visit LTC facilities, increasing isolation and vulnerability to abuse and neglect. To protect residents and staff, supervision of LTC facilities should remain a priority during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32527183, "title": "COVID-19: a public inquiry in hard times?", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Abbasi, Kamran"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527183", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530814, "title": "An internet-based intervention to face stress during social isolation with guided relaxation and meditation: protocol for a randomized controlled study.", "journal": "JMIR Res Protoc", "authors": ["Pizzoli, Silvia Maria Francesca", "Marzorati, Chiara", "Mazzoni, Davide", "Pravettoni, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530814", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Psychophysiological stress and lower well-being are becoming a relevant issue during prolonged social isolation periods. Relaxation practices might represent helpful exercises to cope with anxiety and stressful sensations. The aim of the present research protocol is to test whether remote relaxation practices like natural sounds, deep respiration, and body scan may promote relaxation and emotional state, and reduce psychomotor activation and the preoccupation related to the COVID-19 pandemics. The study consists of 3 experimental groups which will randomly receive online audio clips containing a single session of guided breathing exercise, guided body scan exercise, or natural sounds. The participants will listen to one of the fully automated audio clips for 7 minutes and pre-post complete self-assessed scales on perceived relaxation, psychomotor activation, level of worries associated with COVID-19 and emotional state. At the end of the session, qualitative reports on subjective experience will be asked too. Analysis will test the difference in efficacy between audio clips in an internet-based intervention on 252 subjects (84 per group), investigating whether natural sounds or remote guided practices like deep respiration and body scan enhance in a positive way the perceived psychological state. The study will provide information on if and to what extent guided practices can help in reducing psychological side-effects related to COVID-19 social isolation. "}, {"pmid": 32209891, "pmcid": "PMC7188040", "title": "Managing COVID-19 in Surgical Systems.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Brindle, Mary Elizabeth", "Gawande, Atul"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209891", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317432, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned and future directions.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Khanna, Rohit C", "Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria", "Gilbert, Suzanne S", "Honavar, Santosh G", "Murthy, Gudlavalleti S V"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317432", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging pandemics show that humans are not infallible and communities need to be prepared. Coronavirus outbreak was first reported towards the end of 2019 and has now been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Worldwide countries are responding differently to the virus outbreak. A delay in detection and response has been recorded in China, as well as in other major countries, which led to an overburdening of the local health systems. On the other hand, some other nations have put in place effective strategies to contain the infection and have recorded a very low number of cases since the beginning of the pandemics. Restrictive measures like social distancing, lockdown, case detection, isolation, contact tracing, and quarantine of exposed had revealed the most efficient actions to control the disease spreading. This review will help the readers to understand the difference in response by different countries and their outcomes. Based on the experience of these countries, India responded to the pandemic accordingly. Only time will tell how well India has faced the outbreak. We also suggest the future directions that the global community should take to manage and mitigate the emergency."}, {"pmid": 32339975, "pmcid": "PMC7170798", "title": "Safe bronchodilator treatment in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: A single center experience.", "journal": "J Crit Care", "authors": ["Miller, Asaf", "Epstein, Danny"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339975", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430597, "pmcid": "PMC7235548", "title": "The outbreak of COVID-19 in Mulhouse : Hospital crisis management and deployment of military hospital during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Mulhouse, France.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Kuteifan, Khaldoun", "Pasquier, Pierre", "Meyer, Christian", "Escarment, Jacques", "Theissen, Odile"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430597", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416977, "pmcid": "PMC7212258", "title": "Uropathologists During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Can Be Learned in Terms of Social Interaction, Visibility, and Social Distance.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Montironi, Rodolfo", "Cheng, Liang", "Cimadamore, Alessia", "Lopez-Beltran, Antonio", "Scarpelli, Marina"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416977", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429572, "title": "The Role of Lipid Metabolism in COVID-19 Virus Infection and as a Drug Target.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Abu-Farha, Mohamed", "Thanaraj, Thangavel Alphonse", "Qaddoumi, Mohammad G", "Hashem, Anwar", "Abubaker, Jehad", "Al-Mulla, Fahd"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429572", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 pandemic has infected over two million people and resulted in the death of over one hundred thousand people at the time of writing this review. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Even though multiple vaccines and treatments are under development so far, the disease is only slowing down under extreme social distancing measures that are difficult to maintain. SARS-COV-2 is an enveloped virus that is surrounded by a lipid bilayer. Lipids are fundamental cell components that play various biological roles ranging from being a structural building block to a signaling molecule as well as a central energy store. The role lipids play in viral infection involves the fusion of the viral membrane to the host cell, viral replication, and viral endocytosis and exocytosis. Since lipids play a crucial function in the viral life cycle, we asked whether drugs targeting lipid metabolism, such as statins, can be utilized against SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. In this review, we discuss the role of lipid metabolism in viral infection as well as the possibility of targeting lipid metabolism to interfere with the viral life cycle."}, {"pmid": 32208495, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: triage for intensive-care treatment under resource scarcity.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Swiss Academy Of Medical Sciences"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208495", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332294, "pmcid": "PMC7188051", "title": "One Size Does Not Fit All: How to Rapidly Deploy Intubation Practice Changes in a Pediatric Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Brown, Sarah", "Verma, Shilpa", "Lean, Alexa", "Patrao, Fiona"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332294", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417034, "pmcid": "PMC7211579", "title": "Radiology Residency Program Management in the COVID Era - Strategy and Reality.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["England, Eric", "Kanfi, Alisa", "Flink, Carl", "Vagal, Achala", "Sarkany, David", "Patel, Maitray D", "Milburn, James", "Chadalavada, Seetharam", "Jordan, Sheryl"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417034", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395095, "pmcid": "PMC7207987", "title": "Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its Association with Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction in Turkey.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Satici, Begum", "Gocet-Tekin, Emine", "Deniz, M Engin", "Satici, Seydi Ahmet"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395095", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently experiencing a pandemic of an infectious disease called COVID-19 which has drawn global intensive attention. While global attention is largely focusing on the effects of the coronavirus on physical health, the impacts of the coronavirus on psychological health cannot be overlooked. Therefore, this study aims to adapt the Fear of COVID-19 Scale into Turkish and investigate the relationships between fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, and life satisfaction. Data were collected by convenience sampling method, which allowed us to reach total 1304 participants, aged between 18 and 64\u00a0years, from 75 cities in Turkey. In the adaptation process of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, confirmatory factor analysis, Item Response Theory, convergent validity, and reliability (Cronbach's \u03b1, McDonald's \u03c9, Guttmann's \u03bb6, and composite reliability) analyses were performed. Additionally, the mediating role of psychological distress on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and life satisfaction was tested. The uni-dimensionality of the 7-item scale was confirmed on a Turkish sample. Item Response Theory revealed that all items were coherent and fit with the model. The results indicated that the Turkish version of the scale had satisfactory reliability coefficients. The fear of COVID-19 was found to be associated with psychological distress and life satisfaction. Results indicated that the Turkish version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale had strong psychometric properties. This scale will allow mental health professionals to do research on the psychological impacts of COVID-19 in Turkey."}, {"pmid": 32368894, "pmcid": "PMC7202248", "title": "Can N95 Respirators Be Reused after Disinfection? How Many Times?", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Liao, Lei", "Xiao, Wang", "Zhao, Mervin", "Yu, Xuanze", "Wang, Haotian", "Wang, Qiqi", "Chu, Steven", "Cui, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368894", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a major shortage of N95 respirators, which are essential for protecting healthcare professionals and the general public who may come into contact with the virus. Thus, it is essential to determine how we can reuse respirators and other personal protective equipment in these urgent times. We investigated multiple commonly used disinfection schemes on media with particle filtration efficiency of 95%. Heating was recently found to inactivate the virus in solution within 5 min at 70 \u00b0C and is among the most scalable, user-friendly methods for viral disinfection. We found that heat (\u226485 \u00b0C) under various humidities (\u2264100% relative humidity, RH) was the most promising, nondestructive method for the preservation of filtration properties in meltblown fabrics as well as N95-grade respirators. At 85 \u00b0C, 30% RH, we were able to perform 50 cycles of heat treatment without significant changes in the filtration efficiency. At low humidity or dry conditions, temperatures up to 100 \u00b0C were not found to alter the filtration efficiency significantly within 20 cycles of treatment. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was a secondary choice, which was able to withstand 10 cycles of treatment and showed small degradation by 20 cycles. However, UV can potentially impact the material strength and subsequent sealing of respirators. Finally, treatments involving liquids and vapors require caution, as steam, alcohol, and household bleach all may lead to degradation of the filtration efficiency, leaving the user vulnerable to the viral aerosols."}, {"pmid": 32246905, "pmcid": "PMC7270516", "title": "Using observational data to quantify bias of traveller-derived COVID-19 prevalence estimates in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Niehus, Rene", "De Salazar, Pablo M", "Taylor, Aimee R", "Lipsitch, Marc"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246905", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, has been estimated using imported case counts of international travellers, generally under the assumptions that all cases of the disease in travellers have been ascertained and that infection prevalence in travellers and residents is the same. However, findings indicate variation among locations in the capacity for detection of imported cases. Singapore has had very strong epidemiological surveillance and contact tracing capacity during previous infectious disease outbreaks and has consistently shown high sensitivity of case-detection during the COVID-19 outbreak. We used a Bayesian modelling approach to estimate the relative capacity for detection of imported cases of COVID-19 for 194 locations (excluding China) compared with that for Singapore. We also built a simple mathematical model of the point prevalence of infection in visitors to an epicentre relative to that in residents. The weighted global ability to detect Wuhan-to-location imported cases of COVID-19 was estimated to be 38% (95% highest posterior density interval [HPDI] 22-64) of Singapore's capacity. This value is equivalent to 2\u00b78 (95% HPDI 1\u00b75-4\u00b74) times the current number of imported and reported cases that could have been detected if all locations had had the same detection capacity as Singapore. Using the second component of the Global Health Security index to stratify likely case-detection capacities, the ability to detect imported cases relative to Singapore was 40% (95% HPDI 22-67) among locations with high surveillance capacity, 37% (18-68) among locations with medium surveillance capacity, and 11% (0-42) among locations with low surveillance capacity. Treating all travellers as if they were residents (rather than accounting for the brief stay of some of these travellers in Wuhan) contributed modestly to underestimation of prevalence. Estimates of case counts in Wuhan based on assumptions of 100% detection in travellers could have been underestimated by several fold. Furthermore, severity estimates will be inflated several fold since they also rely on case count estimates. Finally, our model supports evidence that underdetected cases of COVID-19 have probably spread in most locations around the world, with greatest risk in locations of low detection capacity and high connectivity to the epicentre of the outbreak. US National Institute of General Medical Sciences, and Fellowship Foundation Ramon Areces."}, {"pmid": 32405783, "pmcid": "PMC7220850", "title": "Prevention and management of COVID-19 among patients with diabetes: an appraisal of the literature.", "journal": "Diabetologia", "authors": ["Katulanda, Prasad", "Dissanayake, Harsha A", "Ranathunga, Ishara", "Ratnasamy, Vithiya", "Wijewickrama, Piyumi S A", "Yogendranathan, Nilukshana", "Gamage, Kavinga K K", "de Silva, Nipun L", "Sumanatilleke, Manilka", "Somasundaram, Noel P", "Matthews, David R"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405783", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as one of the greatest challenges faced by humankind in the recent past. People with diabetes and related comorbidities are at increased risk of its complications and of COVID-19-related death. Older age, multi-morbidity, hyperglycaemia, cardiac injury and severe inflammatory response are predictors of poor outcome. The complex interplay between COVID-19, diabetes and the effects of related therapies is being explored. Most patients experience a mild illness with COVID-19, while people with diabetes are at increased risk of severe disease. Optimising glycaemic control and adopting measures to prevent disease spread are critical aspects. The management of mild disease is supportive, while very many immunomodulatory and antiviral therapies are being investigated for the treatment of severe disease. Several of these agents have specific considerations for use in people with diabetes. Since mass population lockdowns are considered a key step in controlling disease spread, it follows that, in addition to the direct vulnerability to severe COVID-19, people with diabetes can be affected by limited access to healthcare, insulin, other medications and blood glucose monitoring equipment. Measures to prevent disease spread at the individual and community level are the key to mitigating the rapidly escalating pandemic, while agents for chemoprophylaxis and vaccines are being explored. People with diabetes should be recognised as a vulnerable group for complicated disease and are at risk during times of disturbed social systems. Strategies are needed to safeguard the health of patients with diabetes during the pandemic. This review summarises the current knowledge and perceived challenges for prevention and management of COVID-19 in people with diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32525022, "title": "European Resuscitation Council COVID-19 Guidelines Executive Summary.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Nolan, J P", "Monsieurs, K G", "L Bossaert", "Bottiger, B W", "Greif, R", "Lott, C", "Madar, J", "Olasveengen, T M", "Roehr, C C", "Semeraro, F", "Soar, J", "Van de Voorde, P", "Zideman, D A", "Perkins, G D"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525022", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "These coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) guidelines focus specifically on patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. For resuscitation of those who are low risk or confirmed negative for COVID-19, the reader is directed to the standard resuscitation guidelines for adults and children.1-3 Where uncertainty exists treatment should be informed by a dynamic risk assessment which may consider current COVID-19 prevalence, the patient's presentation (e.g. history of COVID-19 contact, COVID-19 symptoms), likelihood that treatment will be effective, availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and personal risks for those providing treatment. These guidelines will be subject to evolving knowledge and experience of COVID-19. As countries are at different stages of the pandemic, there may some international variation in practice."}, {"pmid": 32534189, "title": "Macrolides and viral infections: focus on azithromycin in COVID-19 pathology.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Pani, Arianna", "Lauriola, Marinella", "Romandini, Alessandra", "Scaglione, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534189", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the new disease COVID-19, is posing the challenge of seeking effective therapies. Since the most severe clinical manifestation of COVID-19 appeared to be a severe acute respiratory syndrome, azithromycin has been proposed as a potential treatment. Azithromycin is known to have immunomodulating and antiviral properties. In vitro studies have demonstrated the capacity of azithromycin to reduce production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, IL-6, TNF alpha, reduce oxidative stress and modulate T-helper functions. At the same time there are multiple clinical evidences of the role of azithromycin in acute respiratory distress syndrome and against MERS. Some preliminary evidences have demonstrated controversial results regarding efficacy of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19. Firstly, a French trial demonstrated 100% of virological negativization of six patients treated with azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine vs 57.1% of patients treated with only hydroxychloroquine and 12.5% of the control group (p<0.05). On the other hand, another case series revealed no efficacy at all on eleven patients treated with same combination and doses. Furthermore, there are some concerns regarding the association of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine because of the potential Qt prolongation. In fact, both drugs have this as potential side effect and evidences regarding the safety use of this combination are controversial. Despite the necessity to quickly find solutions for COVID-19, extreme caution must be used in evaluating the risk-benefit balance. However, based on preclinical and clinical evidences and some preliminary results in COVID-19, azithromycin could have a potential in the fight against this new disease."}, {"pmid": 32238504, "title": "Neurologists and COVID-19: A note on courage in a time of uncertainty.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Shellhaas, Renee A"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238504", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313826, "pmcid": "PMC7167547", "title": "Morbilliform Exanthem Associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "JAAD Case Rep", "authors": ["Najarian, David James"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313826", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407364, "pmcid": "PMC7224457", "title": "Are pangolins the intermediate host of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)?", "journal": "PLoS Pathog", "authors": ["Liu, Ping", "Jiang, Jing-Zhe", "Wan, Xiu-Feng", "Hua, Yan", "Li, Linmiao", "Zhou, Jiabin", "Wang, Xiaohu", "Hou, Fanghui", "Chen, Jing", "Zou, Jiejian", "Chen, Jinping"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407364", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the city of Wuhan, China has resulted in more than 1.7 million laboratory confirmed cases all over the world. Recent studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 was likely originated from bats, but its intermediate hosts are still largely unknown. In this study, we assembled the complete genome of a coronavirus identified in 3 sick Malayan pangolins. The molecular and phylogenetic analyses showed that this pangolin coronavirus (pangolin-CoV-2020) is genetically related to the SARS-CoV-2 as well as a group of bat coronaviruses but do not support the SARS-CoV-2 emerged directly from the pangolin-CoV-2020. Our study suggests that pangolins are natural hosts of Betacoronaviruses. Large surveillance of coronaviruses in pangolins could improve our understanding of the spectrum of coronaviruses in pangolins. In addition to conservation of wildlife, minimizing the exposures of humans to wildlife will be important to reduce the spillover risks of coronaviruses from wild animals to humans."}, {"pmid": 32363242, "pmcid": "PMC7194602", "title": "Playing into Stereotypes: Engaging Millennials and Generation Z in the COVID-19 Pandemic Response.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Gharzai, Laila A", "Beeler, Whitney H", "Jagsi, Reshma"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363242", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410820, "pmcid": "PMC7220849", "title": "The Role of a Geriatrician has Become Even More Important in an Academic Institution during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Merchant, Reshma A", "Chen, M Z", "Ng, S E", "Sandrasageran, S", "Wong, B L L"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410820", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32399192, "pmcid": "PMC7194468", "title": "Recent advances in influenza vaccines.", "journal": "F1000Res", "authors": ["Pawelec, Graham", "McElhaney, Janet"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399192", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Seasonal influenza remains a major public health problem, responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths every year, mostly of elderly people. Despite the wide availability of vaccines, there are multiple problems decreasing the effectiveness of vaccination programs. These include viral variability and hence the requirement to match strains by estimating which will become prevalent each season, problems associated with vaccine and adjuvant production, and the route of administration as well as the perceived lower vaccine efficiency in older adults. Clinical protection is still suboptimal for all of these reasons, and vaccine uptake remains too low in most countries. Efforts to improve the effectiveness of influenza vaccines include developing universal vaccines independent of the circulating strains in any particular season and stimulating cellular as well as humoral responses, especially in the elderly. This commentary assesses progress over the last 3 years towards achieving these aims. Since the beginning of 2020, an unprecedented international academic and industrial effort to develop effective vaccines against the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has diverted attention away from influenza, but many of the lessons learned for the one will synergize with the other to mutual advantage. And, unlike the SARS-1 epidemic and, we hope, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, influenza will not be eliminated and thus efforts to improve influenza vaccines will remain of crucial importance."}, {"pmid": 32533125, "title": "COVID-19 remedies.", "journal": "Nat Biomed Eng", "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533125", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425646, "pmcid": "PMC7227170", "title": "Clinical Presentation of COVID19 in Dementia Patients.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Bianchetti, Angelo", "Rozzini, R", "Guerini, F", "Boffelli, S", "Ranieri, P", "Minelli, G", "Bianchetti, L", "Trabucchi, M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425646", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32359918, "title": "Management of Gynaecological oncology diseases during COVID-19 global pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["de Andrade Vieira, Marcelo", "Araujo, Raphael L C"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359918", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221515, "title": "Spotlight on Jails: COVID-19 Mitigation Policies Needed Now.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wurcel, Alysse G", "Dauria, Emily", "Zaller, Nicholas", "Nijhawan, Ank", "Beckwith, Curt", "Nowotny, Kathryn", "Brinkley-Rubinstein, Lauren"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221515", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360315, "pmcid": "PMC7180367", "title": "COVID alias challenge to onco-rehabilitation and to viable indications and decisions: Cues from an Italian COVID+ oral cancer patient.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Pietrobon, Giacomo", "Tagliabue, Marta", "Chu, Francesco", "De Berardinis, Rita", "Ansarin, Mohssen"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360315", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246886, "pmcid": "PMC7228388", "title": "COVID-19 transmission through asymptomatic carriers is a challenge to containment.", "journal": "Influenza Other Respir Viruses", "authors": ["Yu, Xingxia", "Yang, Rongrong"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246886", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499229, "title": "Incidence, clinical outcomes, and transmission dynamics of severe coronavirus disease 2019 in California and Washington: prospective cohort study.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499229", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425333, "pmcid": "PMC7233245", "title": "Illness perception, mood state and disease-related knowledge level of COVID-19 family clusters, Hunan, China.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Liu, Haiyang", "Li, Xuting", "Chen, Qiongni", "Li, Yamin", "Xie, Chaoying", "Ye, Man", "Huang, Jin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425333", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32094589, "pmcid": "PMC7095430", "title": "Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses.", "journal": "Nat Microbiol", "authors": ["Letko, Michael", "Marzi, Andrea", "Munster, Vincent"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32094589", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the past 20\u2009years, several coronaviruses have crossed the species barrier into humans, causing outbreaks of severe, and often fatal, respiratory illness. Since SARS-CoV was first identified in animal markets, global viromics projects have discovered thousands of coronavirus sequences in diverse animals and geographic regions. Unfortunately, there are few tools available to functionally test these viruses for their ability to infect humans, which has severely hampered efforts to predict the next zoonotic viral outbreak. Here, we developed an approach to rapidly screen lineage B betacoronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and the recent SARS-CoV-2, for receptor usage and their ability to infect cell types from different species. We show that host protease processing during viral entry is a significant barrier for several lineage B viruses and that bypassing this barrier allows several lineage B viruses to enter human cells through an unknown receptor. We also demonstrate how different lineage B viruses can recombine to gain entry into human cells, and confirm that human ACE2 is the receptor for the recently emerging SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32122875, "title": "Covid-19: US health department staff sent to meet citizens returning from China weren't protected, claims whistleblower.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122875", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339304, "pmcid": "PMC7267490", "title": "Managing COVID-19 in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Review of Recent Literature and Case Supporting Corticosteroid-sparing Immunosuppression.", "journal": "Pharmacotherapy", "authors": ["Johnson, Kristen M", "Belfer, Julie J", "Peterson, Gina R", "Boelkins, Mark R", "Dumkow, Lisa E"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339304", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global health care crisis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lists immunocompromised patients, including those requiring immunosuppression following renal transplantation, as high risk for severe disease from SARS-CoV-2. Treatment for other viral infections in renal transplant recipients often includes a reduction in immunosuppression; however, no current guidelines are available recommending the optimal approach to managing immunosuppression in the patients who are infected with SARS-CoV-2. It is currently advised to avoid corticosteroids in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 outside of critically ill patients. Recently published cases describing inpatient care of COVID-19 in renal transplant recipients differ widely in disease severity, time from transplantation, baseline immunosuppressive therapy, and the modifications made to immunosuppression during COVID-19 treatment. This review summarizes and compares inpatient immunosuppressant management strategies of recently published reports in the renal transplant population infected with SARS-CoV-2 and discusses the limitations of corticosteroids in managing immunosuppression in this patient population."}, {"pmid": 32524839, "title": "Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Control During Times of Crises and Beyond.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Brook, Robert D", "Levy, Phillip", "Rajagopalan, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524839", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently suffering through one the greatest crises of the last century. The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is taking an enormous toll on public health and stretching medical resources in an unprecedented fashion. Our priorities are rightly focusing on meeting this existential threat. Nonetheless, we wish to call to attention that during major catastrophes the health consequences of chronic diseases, in particular cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs), continue unabated. In fact, new and serious problems arise part-and-parcel with the catastrophe and conspire to hamper our already imperfect ability to control CMRFs1,2. Our objective is to raise awareness that we need to anticipate (and not just be reactive to) the possible coming of a second crisis we term \"disastrous CMRFs\". This refers to the worsening of CMRFs and their control rates during and following a major disaster. Health care providers, in particular cardiologists, need to recognize the potential for this serious problem as it could promote a burgeoning of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality if not addressed. The COVID-19 pandemic should also serve as a wake-up call to the antiquated flaws in our healthcare model that collude to undermine the successful management of CMRFs in general. This current crisis can be a catalyst for optimizing practices and creating critical new capacities that will be beneficial moving forward and serve as a bulwark against future crises."}, {"pmid": 32505582, "title": "nBreastfeeding Risk from Detectable Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Breastmilk.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhu, Chengliang", "Liu, Weiyong", "Su, Hanwen", "Li, Sitong", "Shereen, Muhammad Adnan", "Lv, Zhihua", "Niu, Zhili", "Li, Dong", "Liu, Fang", "Luo, Zhen", "Xia, Yuchen"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505582", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374373, "pmcid": "PMC7239221", "title": "Multivessel coronary thrombosis in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Dominguez-Erquicia, Pablo", "Dobarro, David", "Raposeiras-Roubin, Sergio", "Bastos-Fernandez, Guillermo", "Iniguez-Romo, Andres"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374373", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324361, "title": "Pharmacological options in treating SASR-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Fabian, Akos", "Laszlo, Istvan", "Juhasz, Marianna", "Berhes, Mariann", "Vegh, Tamas", "Koszta, Gyorgy", "Molnar, Csilla", "Fulesdi, Bela"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324361", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is currently no proven effective therapy for COVID-19. Here we discuss the drugs most investigated for the treatment of the disease. All the listed therapies are experimental at this stage. However, due to the severe healthcare effects of the pandemic and the potentially fatal outcome of COVID-19 patients treated in the intensive care units, their off-label use should none-the-less be considered. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 685\u2013688."}, {"pmid": 32409443, "title": "Respiratory failure in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Vashisht, Rishik", "Duggal, Abhijit"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409443", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The management of patients with COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome focuses on identifying the causes for respiratory failure and on following best practices for supportive care with oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation. In this patient population, appropriate measures need to be taken to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. Nearly 90% of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU need mechanical ventilation and most of these develop severe ARDS, which causes high morbidity and mortality. These patients need to be managed according to guidelines for the low-tidal-volume lung-protective ventilation. Practitioners also need to evaluate for other potential causes of respiratory failure."}, {"pmid": 32531040, "title": "Association between renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and COVID-19 complications.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Liabeuf, Sophie", "Moragny, Julien", "Bennis, Youssef", "Batteux, Benjamin", "Brochot, Etienne", "Schmit, Jean Luc", "Lanoix, Jean-Philippe", "Andrejak, Claire", "Ganry, Olivier", "Slama, Michel", "Maizel, Julien", "Mahjoub, Yazine", "Masmoudi, Kamel", "Gras-Champel, Valerie"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531040", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (including their long-term at-home medication use), and compare them with regard to the course of the disease. To assess the association between renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs) and disease progression and critical outcomes. All consecutive hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in a university hospital in Amiens (France) were included in this study. The primary composite endpoint was admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) or death before ICU admission. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with the composite endpoint. Between 28 February 2020 and 30 March 2020, a total of 499 local patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Of these, 231 were not hospitalized {males 33%; median [interquartile range (IQR)] age: 44 (32-54)}, and 268 were hospitalized [males 58%; median (IQR) age: 73 (61-84)]. A total of 116 patients met the primary endpoint: 47 died before ICU admission, and 69 were admitted to the ICU. Patients meeting the primary endpoint were more likely than patients not meeting the primary endpoint to have coronary heart disease and to have been taking RASIs; however, the two subsets of patients did not differ with regard to median age. After adjustment for other associated variables, the risk of meeting the composite endpoint was 1.73 times higher (odds ratio 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.02-2.93) in patients treated at baseline with a RASI than in patients not treated with this drug class. This association was confirmed when the analysis was restricted to patients treated with antihypertensive agents. We highlighted a potential safety signal for RASIs, the long-term use of which was independently associated with a higher risk of severe COVID-19 and a poor outcome. Due to the widespread use of this important drug class, formal proof based on clinical trials is needed to better understand the association between RASIs and complications of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32485300, "pmcid": "PMC7260506", "title": "Pneumatosis Intestinalis in COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Lakshmanan, Seetha", "Toubia, Nabil"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485300", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293910, "title": "The Science Underlying COVID-19: Implications for the Cardiovascular System.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Liu, Peter P", "Blet, Alice", "Smyth, David", "Li, Hongliang"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293910", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted health and economy worldwide on an unprecedented scale. Patients have diverse clinical outcomes, but those with pre-existing cardiovascular (CV) disease, hypertension, and related conditions incur disproportionately worse outcome. The high infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is in part related to new mutations in the receptor binding domain, and acquisition of a furin cleavage site in the S spike protein. The continued viral shedding in the asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals enhances its community transmission. The virus uses the ACE2 receptor for internalization, aided by TMPRSS2 protease. The tissue localization of the receptors correlates with COVDI-19 presenting symptoms and organ dysfunction. Virus-induced ACE2 down regulation may attenuate its function, diminish its anti-inflammatory role, and heightened angiotensin II effects in the predisposed patients. Lymphopenia occurs early and is prognostic, potentially associated with reduction of the CD4+ and some CD8+ T cells. This leads to imbalance of the innate/acquired immune response, delayed viral clearance, and hyper stimulated macrophages and neutrophils. Appropriate type I interferon pathway activation is critical for virus attenuation, and balanced immune response. Persistent immune activation in predisposed patients, such as the elderly and those with CV risk, can lead to hemophagocytosis like syndrome, with uncontrolled amplification of cytokine production, leading to multi-organ failure and death. In addition to the airways and lungs, the cardiovascular system is often involved in COVID-19 early, reflected in the release of highly sensitive troponin and natriuretic peptides, which are all extremely prognostic, particularly in those showing continued rise, along with cytokines such as IL-6. Inflammation in the vascular system can result in diffuse microangiopathy with thrombosis. Inflammation in the myocardium can result in myocarditis, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, rapid deterioration and sudden death. Aggressive support based on early prognostic indicators with expectant management can potentially improve recovery. Appropriate treatment for heart failure, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome and thrombosis remain important. Specific evidence based treatment strategies for COVID-19 will emerge with ongoing global collaboration on multiple approaches being evaluated. To protect the wider population, antibody testing and effective vaccine will be needed to make COVID-19 history."}, {"pmid": 32302453, "title": "Thromboinflammation and the hypercoagulability of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Connors, Jean M", "Levy, Jerrold H"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302453", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402410, "pmcid": "PMC7190472", "title": "[How to approach management of ocular surface disease during COVID-19 pandemic?]", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Labetoulle, M", "Doan, S", "Rousseau, A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402410", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430627, "pmcid": "PMC7237344", "title": "COVID-19-associated cardiovascular morbidity in older adults: a position paper from the Italian Society of Cardiovascular Researches.", "journal": "Geroscience", "authors": ["Moccia, F", "Gerbino, A", "Lionetti, V", "Miragoli, M", "Munaron, L M", "Pagliaro, P", "Pasqua, T", "Penna, C", "Rocca, C", "Samaja, M", "Angelone, T"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430627", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects host cells following binding with the cell surface ACE2 receptors, thereby leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 causes viral pneumonia with additional extrapulmonary manifestations and major complications, including acute myocardial injury, arrhythmia, and shock mainly in elderly patients. Furthermore, patients with existing cardiovascular comorbidities, such as hypertension and coronary heart disease, have a worse clinical outcome following contraction of the viral illness. A striking feature of COVID-19 pandemics is the high incidence of fatalities in advanced aged patients: this might be due to the prevalence of frailty and cardiovascular disease increase with age due to endothelial dysfunction and loss of endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms. Although experimental evidence on this topic is still at its infancy, the aim of this position paper is to hypothesize and discuss more suggestive cellular and molecular mechanisms whereby SARS-CoV-2 may lead to detrimental consequences to the cardiovascular system. We will focus on aging, cytokine storm, NLRP3/inflammasome, hypoxemia, and air pollution, which is an emerging cardiovascular risk factor associated with rapid urbanization and globalization. We will finally discuss the impact of clinically available CV drugs on the clinical course of COVID-19 patients. Understanding the role played by SARS-CoV2 on the CV system is indeed mandatory to get further insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis and to design a therapeutic strategy of cardio-protection for frail patients."}, {"pmid": 32271593, "title": "IR of Iran National Mobilization against COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Raeisi, Alireza", "Tabrizi, Jafar Sadegh", "Gouya, Mohammad Mehdi"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271593", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479787, "pmcid": "PMC7259917", "title": "Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Yang, Kunyu", "Sheng, Yuhan", "Huang, Chaolin", "Jin, Yang", "Xiong, Nian", "Jiang, Ke", "Lu, Hongda", "Liu, Jing", "Yang, Jiyuan", "Dong, Youhong", "Pan, Dongfeng", "Shu, Chengrong", "Li, Jun", "Wei, Jielin", "Huang, Yu", "Peng, Ling", "Wu, Mengjiao", "Zhang, Ruiguang", "Wu, Bian", "Li, Yuhui", "Cai, Liqiong", "Li, Guiling", "Zhang, Tao", "Wu, Gang"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479787", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with cancer are a high-risk population in the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer and COVID-19, and examined risk factors for mortality in this population. We did a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study of 205 patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and with a pathological diagnosis of a malignant tumour in nine hospitals within Hubei, China, from Jan 13 to March 18, 2020. All patients were either discharged from hospitals or had died by April 20, 2020. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and cancer histories were compared between survivors and non-survivors by use of \u03c72 test. Risk factors for mortality were identified by univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Between Jan 13 and Mar 18, 2020, 205 patients with cancer and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled (median age 63 years [IQR 56-70; range 14-96]; 109 [53%] women). 183 (89%) had solid tumours and 22 (11%) had haematological malignancies. The median duration of follow-up was 68 days (IQR 59-78). The most common solid tumour types were breast (40 [20%] patients), colorectal (28 [14%]), and lung cancer (24 [12%]). 54 (30%) of 182 patients received antitumour therapies within 4 weeks before symptom onset. 30 (15%) of 205 patients were transferred to an intensive care unit and 40 (20%) died during hospital admission. Patients with haematological malignancies had poorer prognoses than did those with solid tumours: nine (41%) of 22 patients with haematological malignancies died versus 31 (17%) of 183 patients with solid tumours (hazard ratio for death 3\u00b728 [95% CI 1\u00b756-6\u00b791]; log rank p=0\u00b70009). Multivariable regression analysis showed that receiving chemotherapy within 4 weeks before symptom onset (odds ratio [OR] 3\u00b751 [95% CI 1\u00b716-10\u00b759]; p=0\u00b7026) and male sex (OR 3\u00b786 [95% CI 1\u00b757-9\u00b750]; p=0\u00b70033) were risk factors for death during admission to hospital. Patients with cancer and COVID-19 who were admitted to hospital had a high case-fatality rate. Unfavourable prognostic factors, including receiving chemotherapy within 4 weeks before symptom onset and male sex, might help clinicians to identify patients at high risk of fatal outcomes. National Natural Science Foundation of China."}, {"pmid": 32444382, "pmcid": "PMC7244896", "title": "Antiviral Efficacies of FDA-Approved Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Ferrets.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Park, Su-Jin", "Yu, Kwang-Min", "Kim, Young-Il", "Kim, Se-Mi", "Kim, Eun-Ha", "Kim, Seong-Gyu", "Kim, Eun Ji", "Casel, Mark Anthony B", "Rollon, Rare", "Jang, Seung-Gyu", "Lee, Min-Hyeok", "Chang, Jae-Hyung", "Song, Min-Suk", "Jeong, Hye Won", "Choi, Younho", "Chen, Weiqiang", "Shin, Woo-Jin", "Jung, Jae U", "Choi, Young Ki"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444382", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the urgent need of a therapeutic treatment for coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, a number of FDA-approved/repurposed drugs have been suggested as antiviral candidates at clinics, without sufficient information. Furthermore, there have been extensive debates over antiviral candidates for their effectiveness and safety against severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2), suggesting that rapid preclinical animal studies are required to identify potential antiviral candidates for human trials. To this end, the antiviral efficacies of lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabine-tenofovir for SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed in the ferret infection model. While the lopinavir-ritonavir-, hydroxychloroquine sulfate-, or emtricitabine-tenofovir-treated group exhibited lower overall clinical scores than the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated control group, the virus titers in nasal washes, stool specimens, and respiratory tissues were similar between all three antiviral-candidate-treated groups and the PBS-treated control group. Only the emtricitabine-tenofovir-treated group showed lower virus titers in nasal washes at 8\u2009days postinfection (dpi) than the PBS-treated control group. To further explore the effect of immune suppression on viral infection and clinical outcome, ferrets were treated with azathioprine, an immunosuppressive drug. Compared to the PBS-treated control group, azathioprine-immunosuppressed ferrets exhibited a longer period of clinical illness, higher virus titers in nasal turbinate, delayed virus clearance, and significantly lower serum neutralization (SN) antibody titers. Taken together, all antiviral drugs tested marginally reduced the overall clinical scores of infected ferrets but did not significantly affect in vivo virus titers. Despite the potential discrepancy of drug efficacies between animals and humans, these preclinical ferret data should be highly informative to future therapeutic treatment of COVID-19 patients.IMPORTANCE The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to spread worldwide, with rapidly increasing numbers of mortalities, placing increasing strain on health care systems. Despite serious public health concerns, no effective vaccines or therapeutics have been approved by regulatory agencies. In this study, we tested the FDA-approved drugs lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabine-tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a highly susceptible ferret infection model. While most of the drug treatments marginally reduced clinical symptoms, they did not reduce virus titers, with the exception of emtricitabine-tenofovir treatment, which led to diminished virus titers in nasal washes at 8\u2009dpi. Further, the azathioprine-treated immunosuppressed ferrets showed delayed virus clearance and low SN titers, resulting in a prolonged infection. As several FDA-approved or repurposed drugs are being tested as antiviral candidates at clinics without sufficient information, rapid preclinical animal studies should proceed to identify therapeutic drug candidates with strong antiviral potential and high safety prior to a human efficacy trial."}, {"pmid": 32332064, "title": "Covid-19: All essential workers in England can now be tested.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332064", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513824, "title": "Covid-19: trainee healthcare scientists are crucial to surviving the long road ahead.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Chandan, Jaidev Kaur", "Lynch, Jane", "Wilson, Graham", "Fisher, Christal", "Singh, Boota", "Ayers, Lisa", "Gay, Sandie", "Ferry, Berne"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513824", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497777, "pmcid": "PMC7263246", "title": "The Neuroinvasive Potential of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Sun, Tong", "Guan, Junwen", "You, Chao"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497777", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489507, "pmcid": "PMC7239581", "title": "A Comprehensive Approach Is Vital for Diagnosing COVID-19: A Case of False Negative.", "journal": "J Clin Med Res", "authors": ["Balla, Mamtha", "Merugu, Ganesh Prasad", "Pokal, Mytri", "Gayam, Vijay", "Adapa, Sreedhar", "Naramala, Srikanth", "Konala, Venu Madhav"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489507", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading at a rapid pace throughout the world, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as pandemic on March 11, 2020. We present a case of COVID-19 patient whose reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) initially was false negative and later turned positive, which will stress the importance of a comprehensive approach while evaluating a patient with a differential of COVID-19. The clinicians should be aware of the sensitivity and specificities of these tests which can have grave implications on the patient and community if the diagnosis is missed just based on the laboratory tests due to the highly contagious nature of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32499314, "title": "Involvement of interleukin 6 in SARS-CoV-2 infection: siltuximab as a therapeutic option against COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Hosp Pharm", "authors": ["Palanques-Pastor, Tomas", "Lopez-Briz, Eduardo", "Poveda Andres, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499314", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the study was to explore the involvement of interleukin 6 in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to position the drug siltuximab in the management of severe forms of COVID-19. A bibliographic search was performed in Pubmed on the immune response to the disease, and in ClinicalTrials.gov on clinical trials with interleukin 6 blockers. Interleukin 6 is involved in the cytokine cascade, which originates as a consequence of an excessive immune response secondary to viral infection, aggravating lung affectation. Blockers of this cytokine (tocilizumab, sarilumab and siltuximab) are being studied as a strategy for treating the disease. Siltuximab is a monoclonal antibody indicated in Castleman's disease that could be administered in a single dose of 11\u2009mg/kg in severe forms of COVID-19 that have increased interleukin 6."}, {"pmid": 32156682, "title": "Covid-19: What's the current advice for UK doctors?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156682", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458712, "title": "Letter to the Editor: SARS-CoV-2 in Urine: Should Endourologists Be Concerned and What Personal Protective Equipment Measures Should Be Taken to Protect the Surgeon?", "journal": "J Endourol", "authors": ["Raza, Asif"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458712", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318915, "pmcid": "PMC7174145", "title": "Vaccine confidence in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Harrison, Emily A", "Wu, Julia W"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318915", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the early months of the COVID-19 epidemic, some have wondered if the force of this global experience will solve the problem of vaccine refusal that has vexed and preoccupied the global public health community for the last several decades. Drawing on historical and epidemiological analyses, we critique contemporary approaches to reducing vaccine hesitancy and articulate our notion of vaccine confidence as an expanded way of conceptualizing the problem and how to respond to it. Intervening on the rush of vaccine optimism we see pervading present discourse around the COVID-19 epidemic, we call for a re-imagination of the culture of public health and the meaning of vaccine safety regulations. Public confidence in vaccination programs depends on the work they do for the community-social, political, and moral as well as biological. The concept of public health and its programs must be broader than the delivery of the vaccine technology itself. The narrative work and policy actions entailed in actualizing such changes will, we expect, be essential in achieving a true vaccine confidence, however the public reacts to the specific vaccine that may be developed for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32389849, "pmcid": "PMC7204709", "title": "From SARS to COVID-19: What we have learned about children infected with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhou, Meng-Yao", "Xie, Xiao-Li", "Peng, Yong-Gang", "Wu, Meng-Jun", "Deng, Xiao-Zhi", "Wu, Ying", "Xiong, Li-Jing", "Shang, Li-Hong"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389849", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses, both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were firstly appeared in China. They have certain similarities in biological, epidemiological and pathological. To data, the researches have shown that their gene exhibit 79% of identical sequence and the receptor-binding domain structure is also very similar. There have been extensive research performed on SARS, however, the understanding of pathophysiology impact of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) is still limited. In the review, we draw upon the lessons learnt from SARS in the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and pathogenesis for further understand the features of COVID-19. By comparing these two diseases, we found, COVID-19 has quicker and wider transmission, obvious family agglomeration, higher morbidity and mortality. Newborns, asymptomatic children and normal chest imaging cases were emerged in COVID-19. Children started with gastrointestinal symptoms may progress to severe condition and newborn whose mother was infected with COVID-19 could have severe complications. The laboratory test data showed, the percentage of neutrophils and the level of LDH is higher, otherwise the number of CD4+ and CD8+T cells is decreased in children's COVID-19 cases. Based on these early observations, as pediatrician, we put forward some thoughts on children's COVID-19 and give some recommendations to contain the disease."}, {"pmid": 32303372, "pmcid": "PMC7142673", "title": "Will the status of infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals be improved in the context of COVID-19?", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Wang, Jiancong", "Liu, Fangfei", "Zhou, Mouqing", "Lee, Yew Fong"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303372", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523637, "pmcid": "PMC7264587", "title": "COVID-19 and new-onset arrhythmia.", "journal": "J Arrhythm", "authors": ["Singh, Sandeep", "Desai, Rupak"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523637", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360780, "pmcid": "PMC7252018", "title": "Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with mild COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Kim, G-U", "Kim, M-J", "Ra, S H", "Lee, J", "Bae, S", "Jung, J", "Kim, S-H"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360780", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Detailed knowledge on the prevalence of asymptomatic cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the clinical characteristics of mild COVID-19 is essential for effective control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We determined the prevalence of asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 and characterized the symptoms of patients with mild COVID-19. Study participants were recruited from a community facility designated for the isolation of patients without moderate-to-severe symptoms of COVID-19 in South Korea. The prevalence of asymptomatic patients at admission and the detailed symptoms of mild COVID-19 were evaluated through a questionnaire-based survey. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Of the 213 individuals with COVID-19, 41 (19.2%) were asymptomatic until admission. Among the remaining patients with mild COVID-19, the most common symptom was cough (40.1%; 69/172), followed by hyposmia (39.5%; 68/172) and sputum (39.5%; 68/172). Of the 68 individuals with hyposmia, 61 (90%) had accompanying symptoms such as hypogeusia, nasal congestion or rhinorrhoea. Fever (>37.5\u00b0C) was only observed in 20 (11.6%) individuals. As much as one-fifth of individuals with COVID-19 remained asymptomatic from exposure to admission. Hyposmia was quite frequent among individuals with mild COVID-19, but fever was not. Social distancing should be strongly implemented to prevent disease transmission from asymptomatic individuals or those with mild and inconspicuous symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32514902, "title": "Systemic steroids in patients with COVID-19: pros and contras, an endocrinological point of view.", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Berton, A M", "Prencipe, N", "Giordano, R", "Ghigo, E", "Grottoli, S"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514902", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520683, "title": "Review on the clinical pharmacology of hydroxychloroquine sulfate for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Curr Drug Metab", "authors": ["Cui, Cheng", "Tu, Siqi", "En, Valerie Sia Jie", "Li, Xiaobei", "Yao, Xueting", "Li, Haiyan", "Liu, Dongyang"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520683", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infected people is skyrocketing worldwide, the international medical situation becomes very serious. Potential therapeutic drugs, vaccine and stem cell replacement methods are emerging, it is urgent to find specific therapeutic drugs and the best treatment regimens. After the publication of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with anti-SARS-COV-2 activity in vitro, a small, non-randomized, open-label clinical trial showed that HCQ treatment was significantly associated with reduced viral load in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Meanwhile, a large prophylaxis study of HCQ sulfate for COVID-19 has been initiated in the United States. HCQ offered a promising efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19, but the optimal administration is still being explored. Use the keyword 'Hydroxychloroquine' to conduct a literature search in PubMed to collect relevant literature on the mechanism of action of HCQ, clinical efficacy and safety, pharmacokinetic characteristics, precautions for clinical use and drug interactions, and extract and organize information. This paper reviews the mechanism, clinical efficacy and safety, pharmacokinetic characteristics, exposure-response relationship and precautions and drug interactions of HCQ, and summarized dosage recommendations for HCQ sulfate. It has been proved that HCQ, which has an established safety profile, is effective against SARS-CoV-2 with sufficient pre-clinical rationale and evidence. Data from high-quality clinical trials are urgently needed worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32440857, "pmcid": "PMC7242176", "title": "Clinical course of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing decompensated cirrhosis: initial report from China.", "journal": "Hepatol Int", "authors": ["Qi, Xiaolong", "Wang, Jitao", "Li, Xinyu", "Wang, Zhengyan", "Liu, Yanna", "Yang, Hua", "Li, Xiaodan", "Shi, Jindong", "Xiang, Huihua", "Liu, Tao", "Kawada, Norifumi", "Maruyama, Hitoshi", "Jiang, Zicheng", "Wang, Fengmei", "Takehara, Tetsuo", "Rockey, Don C", "Sarin, Shiv Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440857", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical characteristics and disease course in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing decompensated cirrhosis has not been described so far. In this case series, we report three patients with confirmed COVID-19 and pre-existing decompensated cirrhosis from three hospitals in Hubei, the epicenter of the outbreak in China. Patient 1 was a 53-year-old man with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and ascites. Though receiving intensive support, he died of irreversible multiple organ dysfunction syndrome 48\u00a0days after the onset of the illness. Patient 2 was a 75-year-old woman with a history of schistosomiasis-related cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and ascites. Her family members requested that invasive rescue measures not be undertaken, and she died of acute respiratory distress syndrome 40\u00a0days after presenting with COVID-19 infection. Patient 3 was an 87-year-old man with alcohol-related cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and esophageal variceal hemorrhage. He was discharged from the hospital 29\u00a0days after illness onset. The case series raise the possibility that decompensated cirrhosis may be a risk factor for a poor outcome in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32530392, "title": "The Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Healthcare Personnel (HCP) and its Implications - A Single-Center, Prospective, Pilot Study.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mughal, Mohsin Sheraz", "Kaur, Ikwinder Preet", "Patton, Chandler D", "Mikhail, Nagy H", "Vareechon, Chairut", "Granet, Kenneth M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530392", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510208, "title": "Single-Use Plastics and COVID-19: Scientific Evidence and Environmental Regulations.", "journal": "Environ Sci Technol", "authors": ["Hale, R C", "Song, B"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510208", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237263, "title": "Treatment approach in locally advanced rectal cancer during coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: long course or short course?", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["De Felice, F", "Petrucciani, N"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237263", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238757, "title": "Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Microbiol Biotechnol", "authors": ["Ahn, Dae-Gyun", "Shin, Hye-Jin", "Kim, Mi-Hwa", "Lee, Sunhee", "Kim, Hae-Soo", "Myoung, Jinjong", "Kim, Bum-Tae", "Kim, Seong-Jun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238757", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes serious respiratory illness such as pneumonia and lung failure, was first reported in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei, China. The etiological agent of COVID-19 has been confirmed as a novel coronavirus, now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is most likely originated from zoonotic coronaviruses, like SARS-CoV, which emerged in 2002. Within a few months of the first report, SARS-CoV-2 had spread across China and worldwide, reaching a pandemic level. As COVID-19 has triggered enormous human casualties and serious economic loss posing global threat, an understanding of the ongoing situation and the development of strategies to contain the virus's spread are urgently needed. Currently, various diagnostic kits to test for COVID-19 are available and several repurposing therapeutics for COVID-19 have shown to be clinically effective. In addition, global institutions and companies have begun to develop vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19. Here, we review the current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32414233, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: liver disease a prognostic tool?", "journal": "Panminerva Med", "authors": ["Testino, Gianni", "Fagoonee, Sharmila"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414233", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503959, "title": "Indian Association of Gastrointestinal Endo Surgeons COVID-19 endoscopy recommendations.", "journal": "J Minim Access Surg", "authors": ["Sundaram, Easwaramoorthy", "Manickavasagam, Kanagavel", "Goel, Ramen", "Subhash, Khanna", "Govindaraj, Kanagaraj", "Bhimanakunte, Krishna Rau", "DeSarkar, Satyapriya", "Borgoankar, Vijay", "Rathod, Vipulroy"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503959", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "These are recommendations from the Indian Association of Gastro Intestinal Endo Surgeons for safe performance of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32220651, "pmcid": "PMC7156154", "title": "COVID-19 in children: the link in the transmission chain.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kelvin, Alyson A", "Halperin, Scott"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220651", "topics": ["Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238673, "title": "Mobile field hospitals, an effective way of dealing with COVID-19 in China: sharing our experience.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Chen, Zhi", "He, Shan", "Li, Fan", "Yin, Junxiang", "Chen, Xiaoliang"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238673", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 outbreak, China made great progress in controlling the epidemic, and the number of confirmed and suspected cases continues to decrease thanks to the various efforts employed. Mobile field hospitals have played a huge role in the centralized management of patients and they have effectively reduced transmission. This article describes some of our experiences operating mobile field hospitals in order to provide a reference and to better inform countries that are dealing with this crisis."}, {"pmid": 32407491, "title": "iBioProVis: Interactive Visualization and Analysis of Compound Bioactivity Space.", "journal": "Bioinformatics", "authors": ["Donmez, Ataberk", "Rifaioglu, Ahmet Sureyya", "Acar, Aybar", "Dogana, Tunca", "Cetin-Atalay, Rengul", "Atalay, Volkan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407491", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "iBioProVis is an interactive tool for visual analysis of the compound bioactivity space in the context of target proteins, drugs, and drug candidate compounds. iBioProVis tool takes target protein identifiers and, optionally, compound SMILES as input, and uses the state-of-the-art non-linear dimensionality reduction method t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) to plot the distribution of compounds embedded in a 2-D map, based on the similarity of structural properties of compounds and in the context of compounds' cognate targets. Similar compounds, which are embedded to proximate points on the 2-D map, may bind the same or similar target proteins. Thus, iBioProVis can be used to easily observe the structural distribution of one or two target proteins' known ligands on the 2-D compound space, and to infer new binders to the same protein, or to infer new potential target(s) for a compound of interest, based on this distribution. Principal component analysis (PCA) projection of the input compounds is also provided, Hence the user can interactively observe the same compound or a group of selected compounds which is projected by both PCA and embedded by t-SNE. iBioProVis also provides detailed information about drugs and drug candidate compounds through cross-references to widely used and well-known databases, in the form of linked table views. Two use-case studies were demonstrated, one being on ACE2 protein which is SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein receptor. ACE2 binding compounds and 7 antiviral drugs were closely embedded in which two of them have been under clinical trial for COVID-19. iBioProVis and its carefully filtered dataset are available at https://ibpv.kansil.org/ for public use. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online."}, {"pmid": 32275869, "pmcid": "PMC7141549", "title": "Making decisions to mitigate COVID-19 with limited knowledge.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Weituo", "Qian, Bi-Yun"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275869", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508069, "title": "Therapeutic Temperature Modulation for a Critically Ill Patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Jeong, Han Gil", "Lee, Yunghee", "Song, Kyoung Ho", "Hwang, In Chang", "Kim, Eu Suk", "Cho, Young Jae"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508069", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a rapidly deteriorating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient, a-58-year-old woman, with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and shock with hyperpyrexia up to 41.8\u00b0C, probably due to the cytokine storm syndrome. Considering extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as the last resort, we applied therapeutic temperature modulation for management of hyperpyrexia. The patient demonstrated rapid improvement in oxygenation and shock after achieving normothermia, and fully recovered from COVID-19 three weeks later. Therapeutic temperature modulation may have successfully offloaded the failing cardiorespiratory system from metabolic cost and hyperinflammation induced by hyperpyrexia. The therapeutic temperature modulation can safely be applied in a specific group of patients with cytokine storm syndrome and hyperpyrexia, which may reduce the number of patients requiring ECMO in the global medical resource shortage."}, {"pmid": 32355892, "pmcid": "PMC7190522", "title": "Radiological findings for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med Clin (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Sanchez-Oro, Raquel", "Torres Nuez, Julio", "Martinez-Sanz, Gloria"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355892", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259337, "pmcid": "PMC7262155", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical services: early experiences at a nominated COVID-19 centre.", "journal": "ANZ J Surg", "authors": ["McBride, Kate E", "Brown, Kilian G M", "Fisher, Oliver M", "Steffens, Daniel", "Yeo, David A", "Koh, Cherry E"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259337", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467813, "pmcid": "PMC7250522", "title": "Social Media Data Analytics on Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Massaad, Elie", "Cherfan, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467813", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Physical distancing during the coronavirus Covid-19 pandemic has brought telehealth to the forefront to keep up with patient care amidst an international crisis that is exhausting healthcare resources. Understanding and managing health-related concerns resulting from physical distancing measures are of utmost importance. To describe and analyze the volume, content, and geospatial distribution of tweets associated with telehealth during the\u00a0Covid-19 pandemic. We inquired Twitter public data to access tweets related to telehealth from March 30, 2020 to April 6, 2020. We analyzed tweets using natural language processing (NLP) and unsupervised learning methods. Clustering analysis was performed to classify tweets. Geographic tweet distribution was correlated with Covid-19 confirmed cases in the United States. All analyses were carried on the Google Cloud computing service \"Google Colab\" using Python libraries (Python Software Foundation). A total of 41,329 tweets containing the term \"telehealth\" were retrieved. The most common terms appearing alongside 'telehealth' were \"covid\", \"health\", \"care\", \"services\", \"patients\", and \"pandemic\". Mental health was the most common health-related topic that appeared in our search reflecting a high need for mental healthcare during the pandemic. Similarly, Medicare was the most common appearing health plan mirroring the accelerated access to telehealth and change in coverage policies. The geographic distribution of tweets related to telehealth and having a specific location within the United States (n=19,367) was significantly associated with the number of confirmed Covid-19 cases reported in each state (p<0.001). Social media activity is an accurate reflection of disease burden during the Covid-19 pandemic. Widespread adoption of telehealth-favoring policies is necessary and mostly needed to address mental health problems that may arise in areas of high infection and death rates."}, {"pmid": 32212540, "title": "Audio Interview: Practical Measures to Help Prevent Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212540", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354529, "pmcid": "PMC7172877", "title": "COVID-19: New York City pandemic notes from the first 30 days.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Flores, Stefan", "Gavin, Nicholas", "Romney, Marie-Laure", "Tedeschi, Christopher", "Olsen, Erica", "Heravian, Anisa", "Abrukin, Liliya", "Kessler, David", "Mills, Angela M", "Chang, Bernard P"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354529", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437916, "pmcid": "PMC7211699", "title": "Routine in an Italian High-Volume Vascular Surgery Unit during the COVID-19 Era: How the Pandemic Changed the Vascular Daily Practice.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Mangialardi, Maria Lucia", "Orrico, Matteo", "Mangialardi, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437916", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32108459, "title": "[Treatment strategies of Budd-Chiari syndrome during the epidemic period of 2019 coronavirus disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, L H", "Zhang, G", "Dang, X W", "Li, L"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108459", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prevention and control about the situation of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are grim at present. In addition to supporting the frontline actively, medical workers in general surgery spare no efforts in making good diagnosis and treatment of specialized diseases by optimizing treatment process, providing medical advice online, mastering indications of delayed operation and emergency operation reasonably, etc. Budd-Chiari syndrome is a complex disorder, and severity of the disease varies, serious cases can be life threatening. While fighting the epidemic, medical workers should also ensure the medical needs of patients. However, instead of continuing the traditional treatment, a new management system should be developed. Based on the characteristics of Budd-Chiari syndrome patients in China and our experience, patients are divided into ordinary cases and critical cases, and treatment strategies suitable for the epidemic period of COVID-19 are put forward for reference and discussion by physicians."}, {"pmid": 32423059, "title": "Recent Insight into SARS-CoV2 Immunopathology and Rationale for Potential Treatment and Preventive Strategies in COVID-19.", "journal": "Vaccines (Basel)", "authors": ["Lega, Sara", "Naviglio, Samuele", "Volpi, Stefano", "Tommasini, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423059", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the outbreak of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is spreading globally, great effort is being made to understand the disease pathogenesis and host factors that predispose to disease progression in an attempt to find a window of opportunity for intervention. In addition to the direct cytopathic effect of the virus, the host hyper-inflammatory response has emerged as a key factor in determining disease severity and mortality. Accumulating clinical observations raised hypotheses to explain why some patients develop more severe disease while others only manifest mild or no symptoms. So far, Covid-19 management remains mainly supportive. However, many researches are underway to clarify the role of antiviral and immunomodulating drugs in changing morbidity and mortality in patients who become severely ill. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the host immune system and discusses recent findings on proposed pharmacologic treatments."}, {"pmid": 32269670, "pmcid": "PMC7136027", "title": "Canadian Geriatrics Society COVID-19 Recommendations for Older Adults. What Do Older Adults Need To Know?", "journal": "Can Geriatr J", "authors": ["Montero-Odasso, Manuel", "Goens, S Denise", "Kamkar, Nellie", "Lam, Robert", "Madden, Kenneth", "Molnar, Frank", "Speechley, Mark", "Stranges, Saverio"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269670", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419212, "title": "Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in COVID-19: Is it stimulating more than just the bone marrow?", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Nawar, Tamara", "Morjaria, Sejal", "Kaltsas, Anna", "Patel, Dhruvkumar", "Perez-Johnston, Rocio", "Daniyan, Anthony F", "Mailankody, Sham", "Parameswaran, Rekha"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419212", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512586, "title": "Confronting COVID-19: Issues in Hemophilia and Congenital Bleeding Disorders.", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Coppola, Antonio", "Tagliaferri, Annarita", "Rivolta, Gianna Franca", "Quintavalle, Gabriele", "Franchini, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512586", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32066525, "pmcid": "PMC7133601", "title": "Full spectrum of COVID-19 severity still being depicted.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Xu, Zhou", "Li, Shu", "Tian, Shen", "Li, Hao", "Kong, Ling-Quan"], "date": "2020-02-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32066525", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367075, "pmcid": "PMC7197237", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and impact on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Siddiqui, Ahmad Daniyal", "Cerny, Jan"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324451, "title": "Do Not Forget Afghanistan in Times of COVID-19: Telemedicine and the Internet of Things to Strengthen Planetary Health Systems.", "journal": "OMICS", "authors": ["Azizy, Abdulmunir", "Fayaz, Mujtaba", "Agirbasli, Mehmet"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324451", "countries": ["Afghanistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care does not always take place in a setting of peace, prosperity, and social order, a point that is often overlooked in quotidian medical practice. This has become most evident with the current COVID-19 pandemic by the new coronavirus that is wreaking havoc across the planet. Health care providers are facing unprecedented challenges to intervene on numerous nonlinear uncertainties in science and society as the pandemic evolves. In Afghanistan, health care delivery is already a major crosscutting challenge. Although efforts to rebuild the health care systems in Afghanistan have been made (Acerra et al.), both acute and chronic illnesses remain as major medical and critical governance gaps to be remedied. In addition, health care facilities and medical equipment are not adequate in the country. There is a need for medical and scientific expertise to clinically and sociologically contextualize and interpret diagnostic tests as well as drugs and vaccines that will be deployed in the coming months as part of the planetary collective response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In a time of pandemic and facing a novel infectious pathogen, health care workers are in need of planetary scale consultation and support. Even creating a small consultation network using mobile applications might offer improved health outcomes. The Internet of Things and digital health ought to be considered in concert with telemedicine as part of an effective pandemic response."}, {"pmid": 32406424, "pmcid": "PMC7218348", "title": "Covid-19: Why test? Who to test? How to test?", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406424", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407127, "title": "Why Aren't People Living with HIV at Higher Risk for Developing Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)?", "journal": "AIDS Patient Care STDS", "authors": ["Laurence, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407127", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443459, "title": "Point-of-Care Diagnostic Tests for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Real-World Data.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Ricco, Matteo", "Ferraro, Pietro", "Gualerzi, Giovanni", "Ranzieri, Silvia", "Henry, Brandon Michael", "Said, Younes Ben", "Pyatigorskaya, Natalia Valeryevna", "Nevolina, Elena", "Wu, Jianhong", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Signorelli, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443459", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for a highly contagious infection, known as COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 was discovered in late December 2019 and, since then, has become a global pandemic. Timely and accurate COVID-19 laboratory testing is an essential step in the management of the COVID-19 outbreak. To date, assays based on the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in respiratory samples are the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. Unfortunately, RT-PCR has several practical limitations. Consequently, alternative diagnostic methods are urgently required, both for alleviating the pressure on laboratories and healthcare facilities and for expanding testing capacity to enable large-scale screening and ensure a timely therapeutic intervention. To date, few studies have been conducted concerning the potential utilization of rapid testing for COVID-19, with some conflicting results. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to explore the feasibility of rapid diagnostic tests in the management of the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on ten studies, we computed a pooled sensitivity of 64.8% (95%CI 54.5-74.0), and specificity of 98.0% (95%CI 95.8-99.0), with high heterogeneity and risk of reporting bias. We can conclude that: (1) rapid diagnostic tests for COVID-19 are necessary, but should be adequately sensitive and specific; (2) few studies have been carried out to date; (3) the studies included are characterized by low numbers and low sample power, and (4) in light of these results, the use of available tests is currently questionable for clinical purposes and cannot substitute other more reliable molecular tests, such as assays based on RT-PCR."}, {"pmid": 32240630, "pmcid": "PMC7130135", "title": "Being a Doctor Will Never Be the Same After the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Giulio, Mari", "Maggioni, Dario", "Montroni, Isacco", "Ugolini, Giampaolo", "Capelli, Patrizio", "Ceppi, Lorenzo", "Bonfanti, Paolo", "Mariani, Andrea", "Achilli, Felice"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240630", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352916, "title": "\"Reversed halo sign\" on 3D CT in COVID-19.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Bekci, Tumay"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352916", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425230, "pmcid": "PMC7233220", "title": "The utility of fecal calprotectin in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Mago, Sheena", "Vaziri, Haleh", "Tadros, Micheal"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443166, "title": "Letter to the Editor about the Beltran-Corbellini et al. publication :\"Acute-onset smell and taste disorders in the context of Covid-19: a pilot multicenter PCR-based case-control study\" (Eur J Neurol. 2020. doi: 10.1111/ene.14273.).", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Hopkins, Claire", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443166", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read, with interest, the paper entitled \"Acute-onset smell and taste disorders in the context of Covid-19: a pilot multicenter PCR-based case-control study\". The authors observed that sudden loss of smell (LOS) was significantly more frequent in Covid-19 patients (39%) than those infected with influenza (12%). These data corroborated the results of Yan et al."}, {"pmid": 32529405, "title": "Autonomic function testing in the COVID-19 pandemic: an American Autonomic Society position statement.", "journal": "Clin Auton Res", "authors": ["Figueroa, Juan J", "Cheshire, William P", "Claydon, Victoria E", "Norcliffe-Kaufmann, Lucy", "Peltier, Amanda", "Singer, Wolfgang", "Snapper, Howard", "Vernino, Steven", "Raj, Satish R"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529405", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a global pandemic that is wreaking havoc with the health and economy of much of human civilization. In this document from the American Autonomic Society, we identify the potential risks of exposure to patients, physicians, and allied healthcare staff. We provide guidance for conducting autonomic function testing safely in this environment."}, {"pmid": 32460086, "title": "B-cell depleting therapies may affect susceptibility to acute respiratory illness among patients with multiple sclerosis during the early COVID-19 epidemic in Iran.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Safavi, Farinaz", "Nourbakhsh, Bardia", "Azimi, Amir Reza"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460086", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine whether the course of COVID-19 is more severe in patients with MS and if MS disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) affect the risk of contracting the disease. In a cross-sectional survey, data were collected by sending a questionnaire to 2000 patients with a demyelinating disease through an online portal system. Collected data included the current MS DMT and patient-reported disability level, history of recent sick contact, recent fever, respiratory symptoms, diagnosis with COVID-19, and the disposition after the diagnosis. We defined a COVID-19-suspect group as patients having fever and cough or fever and shortness of breath, or a presumptive diagnosis based on suggestive chest computed tomography. We calculated the proportion of COVID-19-suspect patients and compared their demographics, clinical characteristics, and DMT categories with the rest of survey-responders, using univariable and multivariable models. Out of 712 patients, 34 (4.8%) fulfilled our criteria for being in the COVID-19-suspect group. Only two patients required hospitalization. No patient required intensive care. In a multivariable model, disease duration (p-value=0.017), DMT category (p-value=0.030), and history of sick contact (p-values<0.001) were associated with the risk of being in the COVID-19-suspect group. Being on B-cell depleting antibodies (as compared to non-cell depleting, non-cell trafficking inhibitor DMTs) was associated with a 2.6-fold increase in the risk of being in the COVID-19-suspect group. (RR: 3.55, 95%CI: 1.45, 8.68, p-value=0.005). The course of infection in patients with MS suspected of having COVID-19 was mild to moderate, and all patients had a full recovery. B-cell depleting antibodies may increase the susceptibility to contracting COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32512008, "title": "KEY HIGHLIGHTS from the Canadian Thoracic Society's Position Statement on Optimizing the Management of Sleep Disordered Breathing during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Ayas, Najib T", "Fraser, Kristin L", "Giannouli, Eleni", "Hanly, Patrick J", "Kendzerska, Tetyana", "Katz, Sherri Lynne", "Lachmann, Brandy N", "Lajoie, Annie", "Minville, Caroline", "Morrison, Debra", "Narang, Indra", "Povitz, Marcus", "Skomro, Robert", "Spurr, Kathy F"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512008", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32147715, "pmcid": "PMC7108175", "title": "\"The Art of War\" in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Maxwell, Daniel N", "Perl, Trish M", "Cutrell, James B"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147715", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312176, "title": "Peritoneal Dialysis in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Perit Dial Int", "authors": ["Wilkie, Martin", "Davies, Simon"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312176", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267016, "pmcid": "PMC7262303", "title": "Vaso-occlusive crisis and acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease due to 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Nur, Erfan", "Gaartman, Aafke E", "van Tuijn, Charlotte F J", "Tang, Man Wai", "Biemond, Bart J"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267016", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171054, "pmcid": "PMC7104053", "title": "COVID-19: a potential public health problem for homeless populations.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Tsai, Jack", "Wilson, Michal"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171054", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471449, "pmcid": "PMC7256476", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: phenotype assessment requires bedside tools.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Zhao, Zhanqi", "Kung, Wan-Hsuan", "Chang, Hou-Tai", "Hsu, Yeong-Long", "Frerichs, Inez"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471449", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314698, "pmcid": "PMC7253107", "title": "Case Report: Hepatotoxicity Associated with the Use of Hydroxychloroquine in a Patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Falcao, Melissa Barreto", "Pamplona de Goes Cavalcanti, Luciano", "Filgueiras Filho, Nivaldo Menezes", "Antunes de Brito, Carlos Alexandre"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314698", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used for the treatment of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases. However, evidence of efficacy remains limited, and adverse events can be associated with its use. Here, we report a case of a patient with severe COVID-19 who, after being administered HCQ, exhibited a 10-fold increase in serum levels of transaminases, followed by a rapid decrease after HCQ was withdrawn. Considering the significantly increased use of HCQ during the COVID-19 pandemic, this case alerts us to the potential for HCQ to be associated with hepatotoxicity and the need to monitor liver function during HCQ therapy."}, {"pmid": 32408818, "title": "Protecting Our Front Line.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Harrington, Robert A", "Warner, John J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408818", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361386, "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak provides a unique platform to review behavioral changes in Iran.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Naeim, Mahdi"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361386", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317412, "title": "COVID-19 in India: Moving from containment to mitigation.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Varghese, George M", "John, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317412", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360238, "title": "The Impact of Sociocultural Influences on the COVID-19 Measures-Reflections From Singapore.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Eng Koon, Ong"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360238", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents unique challenges to Asian countries like Singapore with a predominantly Confucian culture. Palliative care providers play an important role in supporting their patients and family members in these difficult times."}, {"pmid": 32445489, "title": "COVID-19 and Liver Dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective studies.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Youssef, Mohanad", "Hussein, Mohammad", "Attia, Abdallah S", "Elshazli, Rami", "Omar, Mahmoud", "Zora, Ghassan", "Farhoud, Ashraf", "Elnahla, Ahmad", "Shihabi, Areej", "Toraih, Eman", "Fawzy, Manal", "Kandil, Emad"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445489", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the most significant global health crisis. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to find the association between liver injuries and the severity of COVID-19 disease. Online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science direct, were searched to detect relevant publications up to April 16, 2020. Depending on the heterogeneity between studies, a fixed- or random-effects model was applied to pool data. Publication bias Egger's test was also performed. Meta-analysis of 20 retrospective studies (3428 patients), identified that patients with a severe manifestation of COVID-19 exhibited significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin values with prolonged prothrombin time. Furthermore, lower albumin level was associated with a severe presentation of COVID-19. Liver dysfunction was associated with a severe outcome of COVID-19 disease. Close monitoring of the occurrence of liver dysfunction is beneficial in early warning of unfavorable outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32533607, "title": "Chilblains in children in the time of Covid-19: new evidence with serology assay.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Colonna, C", "Spinelli, F", "Monzani, N A", "Ceriotti, F", "Gelmetti, C"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533607", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a previous report in Pediatric Dermatology, we described chilblains-like lesions in four pediatric patients. From April 18 to May 10, 2020, 45 children presented to our Pediatric Dermatology department with similar acral lesions. The clinical appearance ranged from red to violaceous macules and dusky, purpuric plaques on the heels, soles and lateral margin of the feet, often accompanied by painful edema, consistent with chilblains."}, {"pmid": 32344450, "pmcid": "PMC7267486", "title": "Student engagement in a public health initiative in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Villela, Edlaine Faria de Moura", "de Oliveira, Fabio Morato", "Leite, Sabrina Toffoli", "Bollela, Valdes Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344450", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370923, "pmcid": "PMC7194696", "title": "Disruption of Arthroplasty Practice in an Orthopedic Center in Northern Italy During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["D'Apolito, Rocco", "Faraldi, Martina", "Ottaiano, Immacolata", "Zagra, Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370923", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has put strain on many healthcare systems around the world, with important consequences. The aim of this paper is to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hip and knee arthroplasties in an Italian high-volume orthopedic center, located in the region of the country first and worst affected by the Coronavirus. Data from an institutional database were retrospectively analyzed to obtain the number of hip and knee arthroplasties performed from February 24 to April 10 2020. The figures were compared with those of the same 7-week period of the last year (2019). The number of hip and knee arthroplasties showed a decrease from 706 in the same period of 2019 to 166 (76.5% less) in the current year. In 2019, a mean of 101 \u00b1 9 hip and knee arthroplasties were performed per week compared with a mean of 24 \u00b1 34 in 2020. Ten patients tested positive for SARS-CoV2 during their hospital stay. Two of these patients died after a regular postoperative period after developing unexpectedly COVID-19 during rehabilitation. The mortality in the 7-week period of the current year was 1.2% compared with 0% in\u00a02019. The outbreak of COVID-19 had a considerable effect in our center on the number of hip and knee arthroplasties that rapidly decreased to 0 in parallel to the worsening of the situation in the country. Efforts will be soon requested because our practice is going to deal with the after-effects of the pandemic in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32219627, "pmcid": "PMC7100453", "title": "Development Path and Urgency of further Strengthening Construction of Public Hospitals Based on Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment.", "journal": "Curr Med Sci", "authors": ["Liao, Jia-Zhi", "Wu, Jing"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219627", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in Wuhan, public hospitals have played an important role in intensive care, case guidance and scheme optimization. At the same time, it also faces unprecedented challenges and tests. Based on the treatment of severe patients in Wuhan, combined with the treatment practice in Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, this paper puts forward the urgency of further strengthening the construction of public hospitals, discusses the feasible path for promoting the development of public hospitals, so as to meet the growing medical needs of the people, improve the ability to respond to major public health emergencies, and effectively guarantee the safety of people's lives and the promotion of a healthy China construction."}, {"pmid": 32330304, "pmcid": "PMC7264785", "title": "Conjunctivitis and COVID-19: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Loffredo, Lorenzo", "Pacella, Fernanda", "Pacella, Elena", "Tiscione, Giulia", "Oliva, Alessandra", "Violi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330304", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426077, "pmcid": "PMC7228284", "title": "Frequency of arrhythmia in novel coronavirus 2019 infection.", "journal": "J Arrhythm", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426077", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427770, "title": "Laparotomy represents the safest option during COVID-19 outbreak: Authors' response to: The COVID-19 pandemic should not take us back to the pre-laparoscopic era; Emergency laparoscopic surgery during COVID-19: what can we do and how to do it safely.", "journal": "J Trauma Acute Care Surg", "authors": ["Pata, Francesco", "Khan, Mansoor", "Iovino, Domenico", "Di Saverio, Salomone"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432121, "pmcid": "PMC7212820", "title": "High Resolution CT Imaging Dynamic Follow-Up Study of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Lu, Xuefang", "Gong, Wei", "Peng, Zhoufeng", "Zeng, Feifei", "Liu, Fang"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432121", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and dynamic follow-up changes of high resolution CT (HRCT) in 270 patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Methods: Two hundred seventy COVID-19 pneumonia patients were retrospectively analyzed, including 146 males and 124 females, with median age of 51 (9,89). The clinical features, laboratory examination indexes and HRCT evolution findings of 270 COVID-19 pneumonia patients were analyzed. Results: 264 cases (95.74%) were positive at the first time nucleic acid test, 6 cases (2.22%) were negative, after multiple inspections, 270 cases (100%) were positive. According to the number of lung segments involved in the lesion, the lesions range from <30% of the lung area (Common type), 30-50% (Severe type), and> 50% (Critical type). At the first CT exam, 136 cases (50.37%) of the common type, 89 cases (32.96%) of the severe type and 45 cases (16.67%) of the critical type. At the second CT exam, 84 cases (31.11%) of the common type, 103 cases (38.15%) of the severe type and 83 cases (30.74%) of the critical type. In the third CT exam, there were 151 cases (55.93%) of the common type, 86 cases (31.85%) of the severe type and 33 cases (12.22%) of the critical type. The differences in image typing were statistically significant (P < 0.05). During this study, a total of 173 patients (64.08%) were recovered after treatment. Conclusion: In some epidemiological backgrounds, CT imaging manifestations and evolutionary characteristics are of great significance for early warning of lung injury, assessment of disease severity, and assistance in clinical typing and post-treatment follow-up."}, {"pmid": 32489695, "pmcid": "PMC7220291", "title": "COVID-19 in India: Are Biological and Environmental Factors Helping to Stem the Incidence and Severity?", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra", "Kaur, Upinder", "Banerjee, Anindita", "Ganguly, Upasana", "Banerjee, Tuhina", "Saha, Sarama", "Parashar, Gaurav", "Prasad, Suvarna", "Chakrabarti, Suddhachitta", "Mittal, Amit", "Agrawal, Bimal Kumar", "Rawal, Ravindra Kumar", "Zhao, Robert Chunhua", "Gambhir, Indrajeet Singh", "Khanna, Rahul", "Shetty, Ashok K", "Jin, Kunlin", "Chakrabarti, Sasanka"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489695", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic has witnessed global political responses of unimaginable proportions. Many nations have implemented lockdowns that involve mandating citizens not to leave their residences for non-essential work. The Indian government has taken appropriate and commendable steps to curtail the community spread of COVID-19. While this may be extremely beneficial, this perspective discusses the other reasons why COVID-19 may have a lesser impact on India. We analyze the current pattern of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, testing, and mortality in India with an emphasis on the importance of mortality as a marker of the clinical relevance of COVID-19 disease. We also analyze the environmental and biological factors which may lessen the impact of COVID-19 in India. The importance of cross-immunity, innate immune responses, ACE polymorphism, and viral genetic mutations are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32321905, "title": "Neuropsychiatric adverse events of chloroquine: a real-world pharmacovigilance study using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Sato, Kenichiro", "Mano, Tatsuo", "Iwata, Atsushi", "Toda, Tatsushi"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321905", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late March and early April 2020, the antimalarial drug, chloroquine, has been approved as an emergency treatment for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States and in Europe. Although infrequent, neuropsychiatric symptoms have been reported in patients who received chloroquine for the treatment of malaria or autoimmune diseases. In this study, aiming to investigate these adverse events (AEs) using a large self-reporting database, we conducted a disproportionality analysis for the detection of neuropsychiatric AE signals associated with the use of chloroquine (or hydroxychloroquine), reported to FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database between the fourth quarter of 2012 and the fourth quarter of 2019. We included 2,389,474 AE cases, among which 520 cases developed neuropsychiatric AE following the use of chloroquine. Adjusted reporting odds ratio (ROR) for the development of each of the neuropsychiatric AEs following the use of chloroquine was calculated using a multilevel model: exposure to chloroquine was associated with a statistically significant high reporting of amnesia, delirium, hallucinations, depression, and loss of consciousness, (lower 95% confidence interval of the adjusted ROR > 1), although the degree of increase in their ROR was limited. There was no statistically significant high reporting of any other neuropsychiatric AE, including suicide, psychosis, confusion, and agitation. Current pharmacovigilance study results did not suggest any potential link between the use of chloroquine and an increased risk of suicide, psychosis, confusion, and agitation, which would be informative during the emergency use of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32437513, "title": "Molecular and serological assays for SARS-CoV-2: insights from genome and clinical characteristics.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Shi, Jiping", "Han, Dongsheng", "Zhang, Runling", "Li, Jinming", "Zhang, Rui"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437513", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has posed a challenge for worldwide public health. A reliable laboratory assay is essential both to confirm suspected patients and to exclude patients infected with other respiratory viruses, thereby facilitating the control of global outbreak scenarios. In this review, we focus on the genomic, transmission and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, and comprehensively summarize the principles and related details of assays for SARS-CoV-2. We also explore the quality assurance measures for these assays. SARS-CoV-2 has some unique gene sequences and specific transmission and clinical features that can inform the conduct of molecular and serological assays in many aspects, including the design of primers, the selection of specimens and testing strategies at different disease stages. Appropriate quality assurance measures for molecular and serological assays are needed to maintain testing proficiency. Because serological assays have the potential to identify later stages of the infection and to confirm highly suspected cases with negative molecular assay results, a combination of these two assays is needed to achieve a reliable capacity to detect SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32460457, "title": "Selecting coronavirus disease 2019 patients with negligible risk of progression: early experience from non-hospital isolation facility in Korea.", "journal": "Korean J Intern Med", "authors": ["Choe, Pyoeng Gyun", "Kang, Eun Kyo", "Lee, Sun Young", "Oh, Boram", "Im, Dahae", "Lee, Hyo Yeon", "Jung, Hyemin", "Kang, Chang Kyung", "Kim, Min Sun", "Park, Wan Beom", "Choi, Eun Hwa", "Cho, BeLong", "Oh, Myoung-Don", "Kim, Nam Joong"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460457", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the novel coronavirus (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) outbreak progresses rapidly, staying home is recommended for suspected patients; however, the safety of this recommendation is uncertain. In Korea, non-hospital facilities called \"living and treatment centers (LTCs)\" have been established since 5 March 2020. The LTCs provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the safety of selection criteria for low-risk groups. Between 5 March and 9 April 2020, patients with COVID-19 who met the following criteria were admitted to the LTC; alert, age below 65 years old, no underlying disease or well-controlled underlying disease, body temperature below 38.0\u00b0C, whether taking antipyretics or not, and no dyspnea. Patients were closely observed by doctors or nurses' interviews twice a day and transferred to hospitals when symptoms worsened. A total of 113 patients were admitted to the LTC; 52.2% were female, with a median age of 25 years (interquartile range, 21.5 to 39.5). Of 113 patients, 54 (47.8%) were asymptomatic at diagnosis, and 15 (13.3%) had no symptoms until they were released from isolation. During the follow-up period, two (1.8%) patients were transferred to a hospital but did not progress to severe status during hospitalization. The risk of progression was negligible in COVID-19 patients who met the admission criteria for LTC at the time of diagnosis. LTCs could be a safe alternative considering shortage of hospital beds."}, {"pmid": 32512271, "title": "An approach towards development of monoclonal IgY antibodies against SARS CoV-2 spike protein (S) using phage display method: A review.", "journal": "Int Immunopharmacol", "authors": ["Somasundaram, Rajeswari", "Choraria, Ankit", "Antonysamy, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512271", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present state of diagnostic and therapeutic developmental race for vaccines against the SARS CoV-2 (nCOVID-19) focuses on prevention and control of this global pandemic which also represents a critical challenge to the global health community. Although development of novel vaccines can prevent the SARS CoV-2 infections, it is still impeded by several other factors and therefore novel approaches towards treatment and management of this disease is the urgent need. Passive immunotherapy plays a vital role as a possible alternative to meet this challenge and among various antibody sources, chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) can be used as an alternative to mammalian antibodies which have been previously studied against SARS CoV outbreak in China. In this review, we discuss the strategies for the use of chicken egg yolk (IgY) antibodies in the development of rapid diagnosis and immunotherapy against SARS CoV-2. Also, IgY antibodies have previously been used against various respiratory bacterial and viral infections in humans and animals. Compared to mammalian antibodies (IgG), chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) have greater binding affinity to specific antigens, ease of extraction and lower production costs, hence possessing remarkable pathogen-neutralizing activity of pathogens in respiratory and lungs. We provide an overall importance for the use of monoclonal chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) using phage display method describing their potential passive immunotherapeutic application for the treatment and prevention of SARS CoV-2 infection which is simple, fast and safe way of approach for treating patients effectively."}, {"pmid": 32484887, "title": "Clinical performance of the Elecsys electrochemiluminescent immunoassay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Favresse, Julien", "Eucher, Christine", "Elsen, Marc", "Marie, Tre-Hardy", "Dogne, Jean-Michel", "Douxfils, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484887", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292014, "title": "Editor Responsibility and Scientific Integrity During the COVID-19 Outbreak", "journal": "Balkan Med J", "authors": ["Kocak, Zafer", "Uzun, Cem"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292014", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286558, "title": "COVID-19 Research in Brief: 4 April to 10 April, 2020.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Carvalho, Thiago"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286558", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495825, "title": "Corrigendum to: \"Letter: Neurosurgery and Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemic: Doing our Part\" by Pesce et al. Neurosurgery, nyaa115, https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyaa115.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495825", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502128, "title": "COVID-19-Associated Myocarditis in an Adolescent.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Trogen, Brit", "Gonzalez, Francisco J", "Shust, Gail F"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502128", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 17-year-old obese male was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after presenting with fluid-responsive septic shock following 7 days of fever, gastrointestinal symptoms and neck pain. Initial workup was positive for SARS-CoV-2 and elevated troponin I and brain natriuretic peptide. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed acute myocarditis. One week after discharge, repeat echocardiogram demonstrated improved heart function with only residual myocardial dysfunction."}, {"pmid": 32405458, "pmcid": "PMC7217644", "title": "A wake-up call: COVID-19 and its impact on children's health and wellbeing.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Fore, Henrietta H"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405458", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145402, "pmcid": "PMC7128263", "title": "Traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 treatment.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Ren, Jun-Ling", "Zhang, Ai-Hua", "Wang, Xi-Jun"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145402", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234101, "pmcid": "PMC7160160", "title": "Age is just a number - and so is frailty: Strategies to inform resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Boreskie, Kevin F", "Boreskie, Patrick E", "Melady, Don"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234101", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395417, "pmcid": "PMC7213550", "title": "COVID-19: a look into the modern age pandemic.", "journal": "Z Gesundh Wiss", "authors": ["Qamar, Mohammad Aadil"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395417", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 presents as a pandemic requiring the utmost attention from the world, especially the healthcare sector. This review intends to discuss the symptoms, prevention, and management carried out related to the coronavirus, while also providing the healthcare provider strategies used by different countries in combating the disease. This study was conducted over a period of 2\u00a0weeks where different sources were used to assess the ongoing situation regarding COVID-19. The data used in this study was verified and collected from authentic sources only. Results show that there is at present no definite cure for the disease and that prevention is the best possible defense at our disposal at the moment. Data reviewed suggests that social distancing and isolation is the best possible option at the moment. This study provides an overview of the developments taking place in response to the pandemic. More research is required, especially in the treatment and prevention of the disease, so that we may progress towards finding a cure as well as creating a vaccine for the COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32438622, "title": "Dynamics of Population Immunity Due to the Herd Effect in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Vaccines (Basel)", "authors": ["Clemente-Suarez, Vicente Javier", "Hormeno-Holgado, Alberto", "Jimenez, Manuel", "Benitez-Agudelo, Juan Camilo", "Navarro-Jimenez, Eduardo", "Perez-Palencia, Natalia", "Maestre-Serrano, Ronald", "Laborde-Cardenas, Carmen Cecilia", "Tornero-Aguilera, Jose Francisco"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438622", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus 2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-Cov-2) has led to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has surprised health authorities around the world, quickly producing a global health crisis. Different actions to cope with this situation are being developed, including confinement, different treatments to improve symptoms, and the creation of the first vaccines. In epidemiology, herd immunity is presented as an area that could also solve this new global threat. In this review, we present the basis of herd immunology, the dynamics of infection transmission that induces specific immunity, and how the application of immunoepidemiology and herd immunology could be used to control the actual COVID-19 pandemic, along with a discussion of its effectiveness, limitations, and applications."}, {"pmid": 32321723, "title": "What is the true incidence of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Favalli, Ennio Giulio", "Ingegnoli, Francesca", "Cimaz, Rolando", "Caporali, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321723", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334651, "pmcid": "PMC7180034", "title": "Global call to action for inclusion of migrants and refugees in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Orcutt, Miriam", "Patel, Parth", "Burns, Rachel", "Hiam, Lucinda", "Aldridge, Rob", "Devakumar, Delan", "Kumar, Bernadette", "Spiegel, Paul", "Abubakar, Ibrahim"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334651", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432540, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: reflections for the field of sleep medicine.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Ramar, Kannan"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432540", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32078596, "title": "COVID-19: another infectious disease emerging at the animal-human interface.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Murdoch, David R", "French, Nigel P"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078596", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484156, "title": "Why is There Low Morbidity and Mortality of COVID-19 in Africa?", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Njenga, M Kariuki", "Dawa, Jeanette", "Nanyingi, Mark", "Gachohi, John", "Ngere, Isaac", "Letko, Michael", "Otieno, C F", "Gunn, Bronwyn M", "Osoro, Eric"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Three months since the detection of the first COVID-19 case in Africa, almost all countries of the continent continued to report lower morbidity and mortality than the global trend, including Europe and North America. We reviewed the merits of various hypotheses advanced to explain this phenomenon, including low seeding rate, effective mitigation measures, population that is more youthful, favorable weather, and possible prior exposure to a cross-reactive virus. Having a youthful population and favorable weather appears compelling, particularly their combined effect; however, progression of the pandemic in the region and globally may dispel these in the coming months."}, {"pmid": 32369029, "pmcid": "PMC7223428", "title": "Estimation of the Probability of Reinfection With COVID-19 by the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed-Undetectable-Susceptible Model.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Victor Okhuese, Alexander"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369029", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction test used to detect the presence of the virus in the human host, the worldwide health community has been able to record a large number of the recovered population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the probability of reinfection in the recovered class and the model equations, which exhibits the disease-free equilibrium state for the coronavirus disease. The model differential equation was evaluated for the disease-free equilibrium for the case of reinfection as well as the existence and stability criteria for the disease, using the model proportions. This evaluation shows that the criteria for a local or worldwide asymptotic stability with a basic reproductive number (R0=0) were satisfied. Hence, there is a chance of no secondary reinfections from the recovered population, as the rate of incidence of the recovered population vanishes (ie, B=0). With a total of about 900,000 infected cases worldwide, numerical simulations for this study were carried out to complement the analytical results and investigate the effect that the implementation of quarantine and observation procedures has on the projection of further virus spread. As shown by the results, the proportion of the infected population, in the absence of a curative vaccination, will continue to grow worldwide; meanwhile, the recovery rate will continue slowly, which means that the ratio of infection rate to recovery rate will determine the death rate that is recorded. Most significant for this study is the rate of reinfection by the recovered population, which will decline to zero over time as the virus is cleared clinically from the system of the recovered class."}, {"pmid": 32475144, "title": "COVID-19-A Novel Zoonotic Disease: A Review of the Disease, the Virus, and Public Health Measures.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Mackenzie, John S", "Smith, David W"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475144", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology emerged in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019. The cluster was largely associated with a seafood and animal market. A novel Betacoronavirus was quickly identified as the causative agent, and it is shown to be related genetically to SARS-CoV and other bat-borne SARS-related Betacoronaviruses. The number of cases increased rapidly and spread to other provinces in China, as well as to another 4 countries. To help control the spread of the virus, a \"cordon sanitaire\" was instituted for Wuhan on January 23, 2020, and subsequently extended to other cities in Hubei Province, and the outbreak declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the Director General of the World Health Organization on January 30, 2020. The virus was named SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee for the Taxonomy of Viruses, and the disease it causes was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization. This article described the evolution of the outbreak, and the known properties of the novel virus, SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical disease it causes, and the major public health measures being used to help control it's spread. These measures include social distancing, intensive surveillance and quarantining of cases, contact tracing and isolation, cancellation of mass gatherings, and community containment. The virus is the third zoonotic coronavirus, after SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but appears to be the only one with pandemic potential. However, a number of important properties of the virus are still not well understood, and there is an urgent need to learn more about its transmission dynamics, its spectrum of clinical severity, its wildlife origin, and its genetic stability. In addition, more research is needed on possible interventions, particularly therapeutic and vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32267047, "pmcid": "PMC7262206", "title": "Special considerations for the management of COVID-19 pediatric patients in the operating room and pediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital in Singapore.", "journal": "Paediatr Anaesth", "authors": ["Thampi, Swapna", "Yap, Andrea", "Fan, Lijia", "Ong, Jacqueline"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267047", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, China and is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV 2. It has now spread rapidly to over 190 countries and territories around the world and has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. The virus is spread through droplet transmission and currently has a mortality rate of over 4% globally. The pediatric population has been found to be less susceptible to the disease with the majority of children having milder symptoms and only one pediatric death being reported globally so far. Despite this, strategies need to be put in place to prevent further spread of the virus. We present a summary of the general measures implemented at a large adult and pediatric tertiary hospital in Singapore (National University Hospital) as well as the specific strategies in place for the operating room and pediatric intensive care unit."}, {"pmid": 32273622, "title": "Six ways to juggle science and childcare from home.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Lloyd, Robin"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273622", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386950, "pmcid": "PMC7252195", "title": "Virtual Read-Out: Radiology Education for the 21st Century During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Charles H", "Rajamohan, Anandh G", "Acharya, Patricia T", "Liu, Chia-Shang J", "Patel, Vishal", "Go, John L", "Kim, Paul E", "Acharya, Jay"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Technologic advances have resulted in the expansion of web-based conferencing and education. While historically video-conferencing has been used for didactic educational sessions, we present its novel use in virtual radiology read-outs in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowledge of key aspects of set-up, implementation, and possible pitfalls of video-conferencing technology in the application of virtual read-outs can help to improve the educational experience of radiology trainees and promote potential future distance learning and collaboration."}, {"pmid": 32312738, "title": "Contraception in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Glob Health Sci Pract", "authors": ["Nanda, Kavita", "Lebetkin, Elena", "Steiner, Markus J", "Yacobson, Irina", "Dorflinger, Laneta J"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312738", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439272, "pmcid": "PMC7205665", "title": "Barrier device prototype for open tracheotomy during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Auris Nasus Larynx", "authors": ["Filho, Wellington Alves", "Teles, Tulio Sampaio Pontes Grangeiro", "da Fonseca, Marcio Ribeiro Studart", "Filho, Francisco Januario Farias Pereira", "Pereira, Glebert Monteiro", "Pontes, Alan Breno Moura", "de Paula, Eliane Maria da Silva", "Nunes, Andre Alencar Araripe", "Ferreira, Luis Alberto Albano"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To present a low-cost prototype for a barrier enclosure device which can be used during open surgeries such as tracheotomy. We provide detailed description of a novel device called COVID-Box, developed by The Surgical Airway Team for COVID-19 Pandemic, a temporary task force formed by Walter Cant\u00eddio University Hospital. Safety guidelines for performing tracheotomies in COVID-19 patients are also stated. Our prototype device provides greater hand mobility than previous barrier devices reported, making it more suitable for airway surgical procedures, such as tracheotomy. The curved shaped format and the customizable access ports provides ergonomics, without compromising safety. The COVID-Box appears to be an efficient, reproduceable, low-cost barrier enclosure device that can be used for open tracheotomies in ICU patients during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32328220, "pmcid": "PMC7178923", "title": "A Proposed Process for Risk Mitigation During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Behav Anal Pract", "authors": ["Cox, David J", "Plavnick, Joshua B", "Brodhead, Matthew T"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328220", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent executive orders have led some applied behavior analysis (ABA) providers to interpret themselves as \"essential personnel\" during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we argue against a blanket interpretation that being labeled \"essential personnel\" means that all in-person ABA services for all clients should continue during the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe this argument holds even if ABA providers are not in a jurisdiction currently under an active shelter-at-home or related order. First, we provide a brief description of risks associated with continued in-person ABA service delivery, as well as risks associated with the temporary suspension of services or the transition to remote ABA service delivery. For many clients, continued in-person service delivery carries a significant risk of severe harm to the client, family and caregivers, staff, and a currently overburdened health care system. In these situations, ABA providers should temporarily suspend services or transition to telehealth or other forms of remote service delivery until information from federal, state, and local health care experts deems in-person contact safe. In rare cases, temporary suspension of services or a transition to remote service delivery may place the client or others at risk of significant harm. In these situations, in-person services should likely continue, and ongoing assessment and risk mitigation are essential."}, {"pmid": 32383582, "pmcid": "PMC7216762", "title": "When the Others Become Us: A Chemist's Perspective of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "ACS Chem Biol", "authors": ["Kiessling, Laura", "MacLaughlin, Christina", "Sattin, Sara"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383582", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467111, "title": "Care homes after covid-19: we need a wide ranging inquiry and reform.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bowman, Clive E"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467111", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361898, "pmcid": "PMC7195617", "title": "Sports Health During the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "Sports Med", "authors": ["Timpka, Toomas"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361898", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457227, "title": "COVID-19-related acute necrotizing encephalopathy with brain stem involvement in a patient with aplastic anemia.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Dixon, Luke", "Varley, James", "Gontsarova, Anastassia", "Mallon, Dermot", "Tona, Francesca", "Muir, David", "Luqmani, Asad", "Jenkins, Ieuan Harri", "Nicholas, Richard", "Jones, Brynmor", "Everitt, Alex"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457227", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe a novel case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) in a patient with aplastic anemia where there was early brain stem-predominant involvement. Evaluation of cause, clinical symptoms, and treatment response. A 59-year-old woman with a background of transfusion-dependent aplastic anemia presented with seizures and reduced level of consciousness 10 days after the onset of subjective fever, cough, and headache. Nasopharyngeal swab testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was positive, and CT during admission demonstrated diffuse swelling of the brain stem. She required intubation and mechanical ventilation for airway protection, given her reduced level of consciousness. The patient's condition deteriorated, and MRI on day 6 demonstrated worsening brain stem swelling with symmetrical hemorrhagic lesions in the brain stem, amygdalae, putamina, and thalamic nuclei. Appearances were consistent with hemorrhagic ANE with early brain stem involvement. The patient showed no response to steroid therapy and died on the eighth day of admission. COVID-19 may be associated with an acute severe encephalopathy and, in this case, was considered most likely to represent an immune-mediated phenomenon. As the pandemic continues, we anticipate that the spectrum of neurologic presentation will broaden. It will be important to delineate the full clinical range of emergent COVID-19-related neurologic disease."}, {"pmid": 32378768, "title": "People experiencing homelessness urgently need to be recognised as a high risk group for COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Promot J Austr", "authors": ["Cumming, Craig", "Wood, Lisa", "Davies, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378768", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502882, "pmcid": "PMC7219415", "title": "Continuing versus suspending angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: Impact on adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)--The BRACE CORONA Trial.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Lopes, Renato D", "Macedo, Ariane Vieira Scarlatelli", "de Barros E Silva, Pedro Gabriel Melo", "Moll-Bernardes, Renata Junqueira", "Feldman, Andre", "D'Andrea Saba Arruda, Guilherme", "de Souza, Andrea Silvestre", "de Albuquerque, Denilson Campos", "Mazza, Lilian", "Santos, Mayara Fraga", "Salvador, Natalia Zerbinatti", "Gibson, C Michael", "Granger, Christopher B", "Alexander, John H", "de Souza, Olga Ferreira"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502882", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) expression may increase due to upregulation in patients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Because renin-angiotensin system blockers increase levels of ACE2, a protein that facilitates coronavirus entry into cells, there is concern that these drugs could increase the risk of developing a severe and fatal form of COVID-19. The impact of discontinuing ACEI and ARBs in patients with COVID-19 remains uncertain. DESIGN: BRACE CORONA is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized, phase IV, clinical trial that aims to enroll around 500 participants at 34 sites in Brazil. Participants will be identified from an ongoing national registry of suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19. Eligible patients using renin-angiotensin system blockers (ACEI/ARBs) with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 will be randomized to a strategy of continued ACEI/ARB treatment versus temporary discontinuation for 30 days. The primary outcome is the median days alive and out of the hospital at 30 days. Secondary outcomes include progression of COVID-19 disease, all-cause mortality, death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, new or worsening heart failure, myocarditis, pericarditis, arrhythmias, thromboembolic events, hypertensive crisis, respiratory failure, hemodynamic decompensation, sepsis, renal failure, and troponin, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal-proBNP, and D-dimer levels. SUMMARY: BRACE CORONA will evaluate whether the strategy of continued ACEI/ARB therapy compared with temporary discontinuation of these drugs impacts clinical outcomes among patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32397699, "title": "[Study on transmission dynamic of 15 clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Ningbo].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Pan, X X", "Chen, Y", "Wang, A H", "Wang, J M", "Ye, L X", "Gu, S H", "Fang, T", "Xu, G Z"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397699", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To describe the basic characteristics of clusters of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, and evaluate the generation time (Tg) and basic reproduction number (R(0)) of COVID-19. Methods: The basic information and onset times of the clusters of COVID-19 cases in Ningbo were investigated, the inter-generational interval of the cases were fitted by using gamma distribution, and the R(0) was calculated based on the SEIR model. Results: In the 15 clusters of COVID-19 cases, a total of 52 confirmed cases, 5 cases of nucleic acid- positive asymptomatic cases. The cases occurred from January 23 to February 4, the cases were mainly women. The incubation period was (6.11\u00b13.38) days, and the median was 5 days. The Tg was (6.93\u00b13.70) days. There were no significant differences in Tg between age group <60 years and age group 60 years and above, and between men and women (P=0.551). According to the Tg calculated in this paper, the R(0) of COVID-19 in Ningbo was 3.06 (95%CI: 2.64 - 3.51); according to the reported case transmission interval of 7.5 days in the literature, the R(0) was 3.32 (95%CI: 2.51-9.38 ). Conclusion: There is no age and gender specific differences in the Tg of clusters of COVID-19 cases in Ningbo, and COVID-19 has high infectivity and spreading power in early phase."}, {"pmid": 32231374, "pmcid": "PMC7108749", "title": "Data-based analysis, modelling and forecasting of the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Anastassopoulou, Cleo", "Russo, Lucia", "Tsakris, Athanasios", "Siettos, Constantinos"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231374", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first suspected case of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on December 1st, 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, a total of 40,235 confirmed cases and 909 deaths have been reported in China up to February 10, 2020, evoking fear locally and internationally. Here, based on the publicly available epidemiological data for Hubei, China from January 11 to February 10, 2020, we provide estimates of the main epidemiological parameters. In particular, we provide an estimation of the case fatality and case recovery ratios, along with their 90% confidence intervals as the outbreak evolves. On the basis of a Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Dead (SIDR) model, we provide estimations of the basic reproduction number (R0), and the per day infection mortality and recovery rates. By calibrating the parameters of the SIRD model to the reported data, we also attempt to forecast the evolution of the outbreak at the epicenter three weeks ahead, i.e. until February 29. As the number of infected individuals, especially of those with asymptomatic or mild courses, is suspected to be much higher than the official numbers, which can be considered only as a subset of the actual numbers of infected and recovered cases in the total population, we have repeated the calculations under a second scenario that considers twenty times the number of confirmed infected cases and forty times the number of recovered, leaving the number of deaths unchanged. Based on the reported data, the expected value of R0 as computed considering the period from the 11th of January until the 18th of January, using the official counts of confirmed cases was found to be \u223c4.6, while the one computed under the second scenario was found to be \u223c3.2. Thus, based on the SIRD simulations, the estimated average value of R0 was found to be \u223c2.6 based on confirmed cases and \u223c2 based on the second scenario. Our forecasting flashes a note of caution for the presently unfolding outbreak in China. Based on the official counts for confirmed cases, the simulations suggest that the cumulative number of infected could reach 180,000 (with a lower bound of 45,000) by February 29. Regarding the number of deaths, simulations forecast that on the basis of the up to the 10th of February reported data, the death toll might exceed 2,700 (as a lower bound) by February 29. Our analysis further reveals a significant decline of the case fatality ratio from January 26 to which various factors may have contributed, such as the severe control measures taken in Hubei, China (e.g. quarantine and hospitalization of infected individuals), but mainly because of the fact that the actual cumulative numbers of infected and recovered cases in the population most likely are much higher than the reported ones. Thus, in a scenario where we have taken twenty times the confirmed number of infected and forty times the confirmed number of recovered cases, the case fatality ratio is around \u223c0.15% in the total population. Importantly, based on this scenario, simulations suggest a slow down of the outbreak in Hubei at the end of February."}, {"pmid": 32300058, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic in India: challenges and silver linings.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Kamath, Sagarika", "Kamath, Rajesh", "Salins, Prajwal"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300058", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341294, "pmcid": "PMC7217121", "title": "Towards precision delivery of ECMO in COVID-19 cardiorespiratory failure.", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Zochios, Vasileios", "Brodie, Daniel", "Parhar, Ken Kuljit"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341294", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487803, "title": "Social Media Responses to Elective Surgery Cancellations in the Wake of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Rao, Saieesh A", "Ravi, Mohan S", "Zhao, Jeffrey W", "Sturgeon, Cord", "Bilimoria, Karl Y"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487803", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507115, "title": "Impact of Anxiety and Fear for COVID-19 Toward Infection Control Practices Among Thai Healthcare Workers.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Apisarnthanarak, Anucha", "Apisarnthanarak, Piyaporn", "Siripraparat, Chanida", "Saengaram, Pavarat", "Leeprechanon, Narakorn", "Weber, David J"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507115", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524195, "title": "Disturbing effect of lockdown for COVID-19 on the incidence of infective endocarditis: a word of caution.", "journal": "Clin Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Van Camp, Guy", "De Beenhouwer, Hans", "Beles, Monika", "Collet, Carlos", "Nasser, Riwa", "Schelfaut, Dan", "Penicka, Martin"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524195", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374288, "title": "Newborns at risk of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Shah, Malika D", "Saugstad, Ola D"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374288", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381517, "title": "Promoting and supporting children's health and healthcare during COVID-19 - International Paediatric Association Position Statement.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Klein, Jonathan D", "Koletzko, Berthold", "El-Shabrawi, Mortada H", "Hadjipanayis, Adamos", "Thacker, Naveen", "Bhutta, Zulfiqar"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381517", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387535, "pmcid": "PMC7202805", "title": "Asthma, biologics, corticosteroids, and coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Akenroye, Ayobami T", "Wood, Robert", "Keet, Corinne"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387535", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408724, "title": "COVID-19 in Europe: Le roi est mort, vive le roi!", "journal": "Neurospine", "authors": ["Stienen, Martin N"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408724", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222121, "title": "[Management of a colon cancer patient infected with corona virus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Ye, Ziqi", "Hong, Yun", "Wu, Xiuhua", "Hong, Dongsheng", "Zhang, Yanfang", "Dong, Xihao", "Rao, Yuefeng", "Lu, Xiaoyang"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222121", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the feasibility of surgical treatment for cancer patients complicated with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The management and clinical outcome of a sigmoid cancer patient with COVID-19 were analyzed. The inflammation indicators and fever of this patient were effectively controlled and the lung lesions remained stable after active anti-viral treatment, then the radical colorectomy was performed after the viral negative conversion for twice. The case indicates that it may feasible to undergo radical tumor surgery for cancer patients with COVID-19 after the virus nucleic acid testing turns negative and more studies are needed to confirm this conclusion."}, {"pmid": 32445772, "pmcid": "PMC7237923", "title": "Faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2: considerations for hospital settings.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Patel, J"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445772", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431273, "title": "Precision Physical Distancing for COVID-19: An Important Tool in Unlocking the Lockdown.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Bausch, Daniel G"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431273", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to the more routine public health measures, many countries have implemented \"lockdowns\"-closing borders, restricting international travel, and placing severe limitations on individual movement and group gatherings. While lockdowns may be an important tool to limit transmission, they come at a potentially great cost with regard to economic impact, mental health consequences, and increased morbidity and mortality from non-COVID-19 diseases. Furthermore, implementation of the required draconian measures may be difficult in some settings because of logistical, economic, and sociocultural impediments, especially in many low- and middle-income countries. Governments and health authorities must chart a course on how to \"unlock\" or control transmission where lockdowns are not feasible. \"Precision physical distancing\"-distancing tailored and optimized to specific physical, social, cultural, political, and economic contexts and to specific groups and settings-is proposed and discussed here as an important tool in the control of COVID-19. It has the advantages of being low cost, adaptable to diverse sociocultural and economic settings through community ownership and local action, and more easily monitored and potentially enforced than less precise measures. Precision physical distancing can be one important component of a sustainable long-term solution that is proportionate to the risk yet does not have a disproportionate impact on society and the economy, allowing a partial return to normal activities, with the community as an essential partner."}, {"pmid": 32454408, "pmcid": "PMC7244443", "title": "COVID-19 as a STING disorder with delayed over-secretion of interferon-beta.", "journal": "EBioMedicine", "authors": ["Berthelot, Jean-Marie", "Liote, Frederic"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454408", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236562, "pmcid": "PMC7232130", "title": "Treating COVID-19 with Chloroquine.", "journal": "J Mol Cell Biol", "authors": ["Huang, Mingxing", "Tang, Tiantian", "Pang, Pengfei", "Li, Man", "Ma, Ruolan", "Lu, Jiahui", "Shu, Jingxian", "You, Yingying", "Chen, Binghui", "Liang, Jiabi", "Hong, Zhongsi", "Chen, Huili", "Kong, Ling", "Qin, Dajiang", "Pei, Duanqing", "Xia, Jinyu", "Jiang, Shanping", "Shan, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236562", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405437, "pmcid": "PMC7218361", "title": "Management recommendations for patients with chronic kidney disease during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic.", "journal": "Chronic Dis Transl Med", "authors": ["Li, Juan", "Li, Shuang-Xi", "Zhao, Li-Fang", "Kong, De-Liang", "Guo, Zhi-Yong"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405437", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274425, "pmcid": "PMC7102593", "title": "COVID-19: Global radiation oncology's targeted response for pandemic preparedness.", "journal": "Clin Transl Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Simcock, Richard", "Thomas, Toms Vengaloor", "Estes, Christopher", "Filippi, Andrea R", "Katz, Matthew A", "Pereira, Ian J", "Saeed, Hina"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274425", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the global COVID-19 pandemic escalates there is a need within radiation oncology to work to support our patients in the best way possible. Measures are required to reduce infection spread between patients and within the workforce. Departments need contingency planning to create capacity and continue essential treatments despite a reduced workforce. The #radonc community held an urgent online journal club on Twitter in March 2020 to discuss these issues and create some consensus on crucial next steps. There were 121 global contributors. This document summarises these discussions around themes of infection prevention, rationalisation of workload and working practice in the presence of infection."}, {"pmid": 32445924, "pmcid": "PMC7239005", "title": "Overwhelming mutations or SNPs of SARS-CoV-2: A point of caution.", "journal": "Gene", "authors": ["Vankadari, Naveen"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445924", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The morbidity of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is reaching 3 Million landmark causing and a serious public health concern globally and it is enigmatic how several antiviral and antibody treatments were not effective in the different period across the globe. With the drastic increasing number of positive cases around the world WHO raised the importance in the assessment of the risk of spread and understanding genetic modifications that could have occurred in the SARS-CoV-2. Using all available deep sequencing data of complete genome from all over the world (NCBI repository), we identified several hundreds of point mutations or SNPs in SARS-CoV-2 all across the genome. This could be the cause for the constant change and differed virulence with an increase in mortality and morbidity. Among the 12 different countries (one sequence from each country) with complete genome sequencing data, we noted the 47 key point mutations or SNPs located along the entire genome that might have impact in the virulence and response to different antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, key viral proteins of spike glycoprotein, Nsp1, RdRp and the ORF8 region got heavily mutated within these 3 months via person-to-person passage. We also discuss what could be the possible cause of this rapid mutation in the SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32312676, "pmcid": "PMC7165275", "title": "COVID-19 and ENT Pediatric otolaryngology during the COVID-19 pandemic. Guidelines of the French Association of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (AFOP) and French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL).", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Leboulanger, N", "Sagardoy, T", "Akkari, M", "Ayari-Khalfallah, S", "Celerier, C", "Fayoux, P", "Luscan, R", "Mansbach, A-L", "Moreddu, E", "Pondaven, S", "Simon, F", "Teissier, N", "Thierry, B", "Fanous, A", "Lescanne, E", "Nicollas, R", "Couloigner, V"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312676", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Joint guidelines of the French Pediatric Otolaryngology Society (AFOP) and of the French Society of otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery (SFORL) on the management of paediatric otolaryngology patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. A nation-wide workgroup drew guidelines based on clinical experience, national and local recommendations and scientific literature. Proposals may have to be updated on a day-to-day basis. In children, incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 (1-5%) is low and of good prognosis. The indications for nasal flexible endoscopy should be drastically limited. If undertaken, full Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) including FFP2 masks are required, as well as use of a sheath. Saline nose wash done by caregivers other than parents at home should require PPE. Unless foreign body tracheobronchial aspiration is clinically obvious, CT-scan should be performed to confirm indication of endoscopy. Surgical indications should be limited to emergencies and to cases that cannot be delayed beyond 2 months (especially endonasal, endopharyngeal laryngo-tracheobronchial procedures). Postponement should ideally be a group decision and recorded as such in the medical file. Surgical techniques should be adapted to limit the risk of viral dissemination in the air, avoiding the use of drills, microdebriders, monopolar cautery or lasers. Continuous suction should be placed near the operating field. In case of confirmed Covid-19 cases, or suspected cases (or in some centres systematically), PPE with FFP2 mask should be worn by all staff members present in the operating room."}, {"pmid": 32468512, "title": "COVID-19 may affect the endocrine pancreas by activating Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 2 and increasing lactate levels.", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Cure, E", "Cumhur Cure, M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468512", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482845, "title": "Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: The ALBACOVID registry.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Romero-Sanchez, Carlos Manuel", "Diaz-Maroto, Inmaculada", "Fernandez-Diaz, Eva", "Sanchez-Larsen, Alvaro", "Layos-Romero, Almudena", "Garcia-Garcia, Jorge", "Gonzalez, Esther", "Redondo-Penas, Inmaculada", "Perona-Moratalla, Ana Belen", "Del Valle-Perez, Jose Antonio", "Gracia-Gil, Julia", "Rojas-Bartolome, Laura", "Feria-Vilar, Inmaculada", "Monteagudo, Maria", "Palao, Maria", "Palazon-Garcia, Elena", "Alcahut-Rodriguez, Cristian", "Sopelana-Garay, David", "Moreno, Yoscar", "Ahmad, Javaad", "Segura, Tomas"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482845", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide since December 2019. Neurological symptoms have been reported as part of the clinical spectrum of the disease. We aim to determine whether neurological manifestations are common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and to describe their main characteristics. We systematically review all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to hospital in a Spanish population during March 2020. Demographic characteristics, systemic and neurological clinical manifestations, and complementary tests were analyzed. Of 841 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (mean age 66.4 years, 56.2% men) 57.4% developed some form of neurological symptom. Nonspecific symptoms such as myalgias (17.2%), headache (14.1%), and dizziness (6.1%) were present mostly in the early stages of infection. Anosmia (4.9%) and dysgeusia (6.2%) tended to occur early (60% as the first clinical manifestation) and were more frequent in less severe cases. Disorders of consciousness occurred commonly (19.6%), mostly in older patients and in severe and advanced COVID-19 stages. Myopathy (3.1%), dysautonomia (2.5%), cerebrovascular diseases (1.7%), seizures (0.7%), movement disorders (0.7%), encephalitis (n=1), Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (n=1), and optic neuritis (n=1) were also reported, but less frequent. Neurological complications were the main cause of death in 4.1% of all deceased study subjects. Neurological manifestations are common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In our series, more than half of patients presented some form of neurological symptom. Clinicians need to maintain close neurological surveillance for prompt recognition of these complications. The investigation of the mechanisms and emerging consequences of SARS-CoV-2 neurological involvement require further studies."}, {"pmid": 32425236, "pmcid": "PMC7229469", "title": "Acute Pulmonary Embolism: An unseen villain in COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian Heart J", "authors": ["Agstam, Sourabh", "Vijay, Jyoti", "Gupta, Anunay", "Bansal, Sandeep"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425236", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242089, "pmcid": "PMC7113912", "title": "Endocrine and metabolic link to coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Nat Rev Endocrinol", "authors": ["Bornstein, Stefan R", "Dalan, Rinkoo", "Hopkins, David", "Mingrone, Geltrude", "Boehm, Bernhard O"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242089", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512463, "title": "COVID-19: The wrong target for healthcare liability claims.", "journal": "Leg Med (Tokyo)", "authors": ["Parisi, Saverio G", "Viel, Guido", "Cecchi, Rossana", "Montisci, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512463", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Regrettably, after a first moment of appreciation and praise of the citizens for healthcare personnel facing COVID 19 pandemia, numerous episodes of actions taken against them on the issue of their legal liability followed. Impelling is to start an argumentation on this problem that aims to establish a shared conduct in dealing with them. The authors propose a basis for discussion on which to begin a constructive debate."}, {"pmid": 32275452, "pmcid": "PMC7258639", "title": "COVID-19 with Different Severities: A Multicenter Study of Clinical Features.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Feng, Yun", "Ling, Yun", "Bai, Tao", "Xie, Yusang", "Huang, Jie", "Li, Jian", "Xiong, Weining", "Yang, Dexiang", "Chen, Rong", "Lu, Fangying", "Lu, Yunfei", "Liu, Xuhui", "Chen, Yuqing", "Li, Xin", "Li, Yong", "Summah, Hanssa Dwarka", "Lin, Huihuang", "Yan, Jiayang", "Zhou, Min", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Qu, Jieming"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275452", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rationale: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is now a global health concern.Objectives: We compared the clinical characteristics, laboratory examinations, computed tomography images, and treatments of patients with COVID-19 from three different cities in China.Methods: A total of 476 patients were recruited from January 1, 2020, to February 15, 2020, at three hospitals in Wuhan, Shanghai, and Anhui. The patients were divided into four groups according to age and into three groups (moderate, severe, and critical) according to the fifth edition of the Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 issued by the National Health Commission of China.Measurements and Main Results: The incidence of comorbidities was higher in the severe (46.3%) and critical (67.1%) groups than in the moderate group (37.8%). More patients were taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers in the moderate group than in the severe and critical groups. More patients had multiple lung lobe involvement and pleural effusion in the critical group than in the moderate group. More patients received antiviral agents within the first 4 days in the moderate group than in the severe group, and more patients received antibiotics and corticosteroids in the critical and severe groups. Patients >75 years old had a significantly lower survival rate than younger patients.Conclusions: Multiple organ dysfunction and impaired immune function were the typical characteristics of patients with severe or critical illness. There was a significant difference in the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers among patients with different severities of disease. Involvement of multiple lung lobes and pleural effusion were associated with the severity of COVID-19. Advanced age (\u226575 yr) was a risk factor for mortality."}, {"pmid": 32351102, "title": "Gynecological laparoscopic surgery in the shade of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Kiykac Altinbas, Sadiman", "Tapisiz, Omer Lutfi", "Ustun, Yaprak"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351102", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A global public health problem with a high rate spread and transmission, Coronavirus outbreak has become the most talked-about matter throughout the world. We are severely affected by the nations with vast numbers of deaths; it was hard to predict such a colossal pandemic with terrifying consequences. Elective surgeries are limited, but situations requiring an urgent gynaecological or obstetric surgical approach must still be performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerns regarding surgical safety and the risk of viral transmission during surgery are of great importance. In this review, we aimed to summarize the concepts related to laparoscopic gynecological surgery during COVID-19 pandemic in the light of current literature."}, {"pmid": 32504722, "pmcid": "PMC7267789", "title": "Considerations for Underrepresented in Medicine Dermatology Residency Applicants Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Jones, Virginia A", "Clark, Kayla A", "Patel, Payal M", "Cordova, Adriana", "Tsoukas, Maria M"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504722", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391077, "pmcid": "PMC7201387", "title": "Simple ideas to mitigate the impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on refugees with chronic diseases.", "journal": "Confl Health", "authors": ["Fawad, Muhammad", "Rawashdeh, Fatima", "Parmar, Parveen K", "Ratnayake, Ruwan"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391077", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32163698, "pmcid": "PMC7121487", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Travelers Returning from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Ng, Oon-Tek", "Marimuthu, Kalisvar", "Chia, Po-Ying", "Koh, Vanessa", "Chiew, Calvin J", "De Wang, Liang", "Young, Barnaby E", "Chan, Monica", "Vasoo, Shawn", "Ling, Li-Min", "Lye, David C", "Kam, Kai-Qian", "Thoon, Koh-Cheng", "Kurupatham, Lalitha", "Said, Zubaidah", "Goh, Ethan", "Low, Constance", "Lim, Soon-Kok", "Raj, Pream", "Oh, Olivia", "Koh, Valerie T J", "Poh, Cuiqin", "Mak, Tze-Minn", "Cui, Lin", "Cook, Alex R", "Lin, Raymond T P", "Leo, Yee-Sin", "Lee, Vernon J M"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32163698", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324357, "title": "Challenges of intensive care and anesthesiology related to COVID-19 pandemic. Practical considerations", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Fulesdi, Bela", "Sarkany, Peter", "Szentkereszty, Zoltan", "Gal, Janos"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324357", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the coronavirus epidemic, healthcare systems face growing challenges all around the world nowadays. These challenges are the most critical in the field of intensive treatment and anesthesiology. One of the most important prerequisites of effective critical care treatment is preserving the involved healthcare workers from the infection, by providing them with detailed practical advices on the preventive measures and treatment strategies. The aim of the present review is to summarize the most important related knowledge available from previous experiences. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 652\u2013659."}, {"pmid": 32305630, "pmcid": "PMC7161507", "title": "A severe case with co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and common respiratory pathogens.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ou, Xueting", "Zhou, Liyang", "Huang, Huanliang", "Lin, Yuebao", "Pan, Xingfei", "Chen, Dexiong"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305630", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396261, "pmcid": "PMC7272836", "title": "Safety during crisis: Rapid on-site evaluation at the time of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diagn Cytopathol", "authors": ["Asiry, Saeed", "Fatyan, Alaaeddin", "Matloob, Ammar", "Khader, Samer N"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396261", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is posing a worldwide challenge to control and contain. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly infectious virus. Health care providers at the front lines are at high risk of getting the infection and the risk applies also to laboratory personnel as they deal with specimens that might be contaminated with infectious materiel. Cytopathology teams specifically are at high risk of dealing with contaminated material because of patients encounter during fine-needle aspiration biopsies or Rapid On-Site Evaluation (ROSE) for adequacy. In our article, we discuss alternative safer staining methods to the widely used Diff-Quick stain that can be utilized for ROSE to decrease the risk of viral exposure during the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32518172, "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome: The first documented COVID-19-triggered autoimmune neurologic disease: More to come with myositis in the offing.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Dalakas, Marinos C"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518172", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To present the COVID-19-associated GBS, the prototypic viral-triggered autoimmune disease, in the context of other emerging COVID-19-triggered autoimmunities, and discuss potential concerns with ongoing neuroimmunotherapies. Eleven GBS cases in four key COVID-19 hotspots are discussed regarding presenting symptoms, response to therapies and cross-reactivity of COVID spike proteins with nerve glycolipids. Emerging cases of COVID-19-triggered autoimmune necrotizing myositis (NAM) and encephalopathies are also reviewed in the context of viral invasion, autoimmunity and ongoing immunotherapies. Collective data indicate that in this pandemic any patient presenting with an acute paralytic disease-like GBS, encephalomyelitis or myositis-even without systemic symptoms, may represent the first manifestation of COVID-19. Anosmia, ageusia, other cranial neuropathies and lymphocytopenia are red flags enhancing early diagnostic suspicion. In Miller-Fisher Syndrome, ganglioside antibodies against GD1b, instead of QG1b, were found; because the COVID-19 spike protein also binds to sialic acid-containing glycoproteins for cell-entry and anti-GD1b antibodies typically cause ataxic neuropathy, cross-reactivity between COVID-19-bearing gangliosides and peripheral nerve glycolipids was addressed. Elevated Creatine Kinase (>10,000) is reported in 10% of COVID-19-infected patients; two such patients presented with painful muscle weakness responding to IVIg indicating that COVID-19-triggered NAM is an overlooked entity. Cases of acute necrotizing brainstem encephalitis, cranial neuropathies with leptomeningeal enhancement, and tumefactive postgadolinium-enhanced demyelinating lesions are now emerging with the need to explore neuroinvasion and autoimmunity. Concerns for modifications-if any-of chronic immunotherapies with steroids, mycophenolate, azathioprine, IVIg, and anti-B-cell agents were addressed; the role of complement in innate immunity to viral responses and anti-complement therapeutics (i.e. eculizumab) were reviewed. Emerging data indicate that COVID-19 can trigger not only GBS but other autoimmune neurological diseases necessitating vigilance for early diagnosis and therapy initiation. Although COVID-19 infection, like most other viruses, can potentially worsen patients with pre-existing autoimmunity, there is no evidence that patients with autoimmune neurological diseases stable on common immunotherapies are facing increased risks of infection."}, {"pmid": 32280973, "pmcid": "PMC7184495", "title": "Italian Physical Therapists' Response to the Novel COVID-19 Emergency.", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Pedersini, Paolo", "Corbellini, Camilo", "Villafane, Jorge Hugo"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32280973", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291377, "title": "COVID-19 and Indonesia.", "journal": "Acta Med Indones", "authors": ["Setiati, Siti", "Azwar, Muhammad Khifzhon"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291377", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an ongoing problem in more than 200 countries in the world. Indonesia has been greatly affected by COVID-19 with case fatality rate (CFR) being 8.9% in the end of March 2020. We have some room for improvement related to the unreadingess of healthcare facility and the major steps taken by the government. It is suggested that the country should have stricter Stay-at-Home notice, suppress the spread by imposing lockdown on a large scale, improve healthcare service, and increase the availability of personal protective equipments (PPE). It is important to avoid an epidemic peak that potentially overwhelms healthcare service by quarantining the case contacts. Lockdown may prolong the epidemic doubling time significantly. Demand of health system is likely to grow since the number of COVID-19 case is likely to rise. Effective procedures for protecting medical staff from infection are essential. Scientific research in Indonesia is also crucial to provide suggestion and recommendation pertinent to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32503892, "title": "Are we all in this together? Longitudinal assessment of cumulative adversities by socioeconomic position in the first 3 weeks of lockdown in the UK.", "journal": "J Epidemiol Community Health", "authors": ["Wright, Liam", "Steptoe, Andrew", "Fancourt, Daisy"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503892", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite media claims that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is uniting societies and countries in shared experience, there has been concern that the pandemic is in fact exposing and widening existing inequalities within societies. Data have shown these differences for cases and fatalities, but data on other types of adversities are lacking. Therefore, this study explored the changing patterns of adversity relating to the COVID-19 pandemic by socioeconomic position (SEP) during the early weeks of lockdown in the UK. Data were from 12\u00a0527 UK adults in the University College London COVID-19 Social Study (a panel study that involves online weekly data collection from participants during the COVID-19 pandemic). We analysed data collected from 25 March to 14 April 2020. The sample was well-stratified and weighted to population proportions of gender, age, ethnicity, education and country of living. We used Poisson and logit models to assess 10 different types of adverse experiences depending on an index of SEP over time. There was a clear gradient across the number of adverse events experienced each week by SEP. This was most clearly seen for adversities relating to finances (including loss of employment and cut in income) and basic needs (including access to food and medications) but less for experiences directly relating to the virus. Inequalities were maintained with no reductions in discrepancies between socioeconomic groups over time. There were clear inequalities in adverse experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in the early weeks of lockdown in the UK. Results suggest that measures taken to try to reduce such adverse events did not go far enough in tackling inequality."}, {"pmid": 32467094, "title": "Covid-19: Push to reopen schools risks new wave of infections, says Independent SAGE.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467094", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324968, "pmcid": "PMC7264673", "title": "Does high cardiorespiratory fitness confer some protection against pro-inflammatory responses after infection by SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Zbinden-Foncea, Hermann", "Francaux, Marc", "Deldicque, Louise", "Hawley, John A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324968", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in China in late 2019 and has since spread rapidly to every continent in the world. This pandemic continues to cause widespread personal suffering, along with severe pressure on medical and health care providers. The symtoms of SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent prognosis is worsened in individuals who have pre-exisiting comorbidities prior to infection by the virus. Individuals with obesity/overweight, insulin resistance and diabetes typically have chronic low-grade inflammation characterized by increased levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and the inflammasome: this state predisposes to greater risk for infection along with more adverse outcomes. Here we consider whether a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness induced by prior exercise training may confer some innate immune-protection against Covid-19 by attenuating the \"cytokine storm syndrome\" often experienced by \"at risk\" individuals."}, {"pmid": 32286611, "title": "Blueprint for Restructuring a Department of Surgery in Concert With the Health Care System During a Pandemic: The University of Wisconsin Experience.", "journal": "JAMA Surg", "authors": ["Zarzaur, Ben L", "Stahl, Christopher C", "Greenberg, Jacob A", "Savage, Stephanie A", "Minter, Rebecca M"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286611", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current health care environment is complex. Systems often cross US state boundaries to provide care to patients with a wide variety of medical needs. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is challenging health care systems across the globe. Systems face varying levels of complexity as they adapt to the new reality. This pandemic continues to escalate in hot spots nationally and internationally, and the worst strain on health care systems may be yet to come. The purpose of this article is to provide a road map developed from lessons learned from the experience in the Department of Surgery at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and University of Wisconsin Health, based on past experience with incident command structures in military combat operations and Federal Emergency Management Agency responses. We will discuss administrative restructuring leveraging a team-of-teams approach, provide a framework for deploying the workforce needed to deliver all necessary urgent health care and critical care to patients in the system, and consider implications for the future."}, {"pmid": 32371040, "pmcid": "PMC7195052", "title": "Rationalizing breast cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Tasoulis, Marios-Konstantinos", "Roche, Nicola", "MacNeill, Fiona"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371040", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504016, "title": "The pandemic is challenging China's breakneck race to the top of science.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504016", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402794, "pmcid": "PMC7198150", "title": "A special edition of the Journal of Visceral Surgery on COVID-19: What problems, dangers and solutions have been identified?", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Pocard, M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402794", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437628, "title": "COVID-19, Asthma, and Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS): Another Beneficial Effect of ICS?", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Maes, Tania", "Bracke, Ken", "Brusselle, Guy G"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437628", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488493, "pmcid": "PMC7266417", "title": "Asymptomatic carriage and transmission of SARS-CoV-2: What do we know?", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lee, Susan", "Meyler, Paula", "Mozel, Michelle", "Tauh, Tonia", "Merchant, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488493", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Risk to healthcare workers treating asymptomatic patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the operating room depends on multiple factors. This review examines the evidence for asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic carriage of SARS-CoV-2, the risk of transmission from asymptomatic patients, and the specific risks associated with aerosol-generating procedures. Protective measures, such as minimization of aerosols and use of personal protective equipment in the setting of treating asymptomatic patients, are also reviewed. We examined the published literature as well as Societal guidelines. There is evidence that a proportion of those infected with SARS-CoV-2 have detectable viral loads prior to exhibiting symptoms, or without ever developing symptoms. The degree of risk of transmission from asymptomatic patients to healthcare providers will depend on the prevalence of disease in the population, which is difficult to assess without widespread population screening. Aerosol-generating procedures increase the odds of viral transmission from infected symptomatic patients to healthcare providers, but transmission from asymptomatic patients has not been reported. Techniques to minimize aerosolization and appropriate personal protective equipment may help reduce the risk to healthcare workers in the operating room. Some societal guidelines recommend the use of airborne precautions during aerosol-generating procedures on asymptomatic patients during the coronavirus disease pandemic, although evidence supporting this practice is limited. Viral transmission from patients exhibiting no symptoms in the operating room is plausible and efforts to reduce risk to healthcare providers include reducing aerosolization and wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, the feasibility of which will vary based on geographic risk and equipment availability."}, {"pmid": 32371189, "pmcid": "PMC7172751", "title": "Reply to letter to the editor regarding article: Estimation of effects of nationwide lockdown for containing coronavirus infection on worsening of glycosylated haemoglobin and increase in diabetes-related complications: A simulation model using multivariate regression analysis (Ghosal et al.).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ghosal, Samit"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371189", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366511, "title": "Developing a vaccine for covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Caddy, Sarah"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366511", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505909, "title": "Ursodeoxycholic acid as a candidate therapeutic to alleviate and/or prevent COVID-19-associated cytokine storm.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Abdulrab, Saleem", "Al-Maweri, Sadeq", "Halboub, Esam"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505909", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515882, "title": "Occupational health responses to COVID-19: What lessons can we learn from SARS?", "journal": "J Occup Health", "authors": ["Koh, David", "Goh, Hui Poh"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515882", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) received reports of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology in the city of Wuhan in Hubei Province, China. The agent responsible was subsequently identified as a coronavirus-SARS-CoV-2. The WHO declared this disease as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern at the end of January 2020. This event evoked a sense of d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu, as it has many similarities to the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) of 2002-2003. Both illnesses were caused by a zoonotic novel coronavirus, both originated during winter in China and both spread rapidly all over the world. However, the case-fatality rate of SARS (9.6%) is higher than that of COVID-19 (<4%). Another zoonotic novel coronavirus, MERS-CoV, was responsible for the Middle East respiratory syndrome, which had a case-fatality rate of 34%. Our experiences in coping with the previous coronavirus outbreaks have better equipped us to face the challenges posed by COVID-19, especially in the health care setting. Among the insights gained from the past outbreaks were: outbreaks caused by viruses are hazardous to healthcare workers; the impact of the disease extends beyond the infection; general principles of prevention and control are effective in containing the disease; the disease poses both a public health as well as an occupational health threat; and emerging infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to the world. Given the perspectives gained and lessons learnt from these past events, we should be better prepared to face the current COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32101660, "title": "Escaping Pandora's Box - Another Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Morens, David M", "Daszak, Peter", "Taubenberger, Jeffery K"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32101660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392357, "title": "All hands on deck: Creation of an online internal medicine redeployment curriculum.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Merali, Zahra", "Carayannopoulos, Kallirroi Laiya", "Lai, Alison"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392357", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427202, "pmcid": "PMC7229875", "title": "COVID-19 Super-spreaders: Definitional Quandaries and Implications.", "journal": "Asian Bioeth Rev", "authors": ["Cave, Emma"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427202", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Uncertainty around the role 'super-spreaders' play in the transmission and escalation of infectious disease is compounded by its broad and vague definition. It is a term that has been much used in relation to COVID-19, particularly in social media. On its widest definition, it refers to a propensity to infect a larger than average number of people. Given the biological, behavioural and environmental variables relevant to infectivity, this might be pertinent to almost any infected individual who is not physically isolated from others. Nor is the term confined to individuals with a propensity to spread infectious disease: it can potentially be used to describe events, policies or settings. This article explores the use of the term and considers circumstances in which the wide definition can be problematic. One problem is that it can lead to undeserved apportionment of moral blame to alleged super-spreaders. Another is that it can detract from scientific investigation of the heterogeneity of COVID-19 transmission. The author calls for a clearer epidemiological definition."}, {"pmid": 32271457, "title": "Mask crisis during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Wang, M-W", "Zhou, M-Y", "Ji, G-H", "Ye, L", "Cheng, Y-R", "Feng, Z-H", "Chen, J"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271457", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. As of February 29, 2020, the National Health Commission of China has reported 79,389 confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 34 provinces. The masks can be used to block respiratory transmission from human to human, and are an effective way to control influenza. It is, therefore, necessary to wear a mask when respiratory infectious diseases are prevalent. China has a population of 1.4 billion. Assuming that two-thirds of the people in China must wear a mask every day, the daily demand for masks will reach 900 million. The Chinese government has taken many measures to solve these problems. Additionally, more measures should be taken to properly dispose of mask garbage. Although the outbreak originated in China, person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed, which means that it can be spread to anywhere in the world if prevention measures fail. The issues regarding face mask shortages and garbage in China, therefore, deserve worldwide attention."}, {"pmid": 32224116, "pmcid": "PMC7138153", "title": "Do children need a longer time to shed SARS-CoV-2 in stool than adults?", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Ma, Xiang", "Su, Liang", "Zhang, Yunkui", "Zhang, Xiuzhen", "Gai, Zhongtao", "Zhang, Zhongfa"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224116", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 can be shed in the stool of patients in the recovery phase. Children show a longer shedding time than adults. We analyzed the possible causes of this finding and recommend that a negative stool sample be included in a patient's discharge criteria."}, {"pmid": 32315626, "pmcid": "PMC7169893", "title": "Probable Pangolin Origin of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Curr Biol", "authors": ["Zhang, Tao", "Wu, Qunfu", "Zhang, Zhigang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315626", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508037, "title": "Mental health status and related influencing factors of COVID-19 survivors in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Wu, Chaomin", "Hu, Xianglin", "Song, Jianxin", "Yang, Dong", "Xu, Jie", "Cheng, Kebin", "Chen, Dechang", "Zhong, Ming", "Jiang, Jinjun", "Xiong, Weining", "Lang, Ke", "Tao, Yan", "Lin, Xiaoqin", "Shi, Guohua", "Lu, Liwen", "Pan, Longci", "Xu, Lei", "Zhou, Xin", "Song, Yuanlin", "Wei, Ming", "Zheng, Junhua", "Du, Chunling"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508037", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414967, "title": "How are vets finding solace in nature?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Higham, Laura"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414967", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 lockdown is taking its toll on individuals, families, communities and businesses across the world. But, as founder and coordinator of Vet Sustain Laura Higham explains, we can all find consolation in nature during these testing times."}, {"pmid": 32334644, "pmcid": "PMC7180016", "title": "Reflecting on World Asthma Day in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["The Lancet Respiratory Medicine"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334644", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435987, "pmcid": "PMC7239690", "title": "Using Insights from Behavioral Economics to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Appl Health Econ Health Policy", "authors": ["Soofi, Moslem", "Najafi, Farid", "Karami-Matin, Behzad"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435987", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of international concern. The number of COVID-infected individuals and related deaths continues to rise rapidly. Encouraging people to adopt and sustain preventive behaviors is a central focus of public health policies that seek to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Public health policy needs improved methods to encourage people to adhere to COVID-19-preventive behaviors. In this paper, we introduce a number of insights from behavioral economics that help explain why people may behave irrationally during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, present bias, status quo bias, framing effect, optimism bias, affect heuristic, and herding behavior are discussed. We hope this paper will shed light on how insights from behavioral economics can enrich public health policies and interventions in the fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32472486, "pmcid": "PMC7259430", "title": "Americans' COVID-19 Stress, Coping, and Adherence to CDC Guidelines.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Park, Crystal L", "Russell, Beth S", "Fendrich, Michael", "Finkelstein-Fox, Lucy", "Hutchison, Morica", "Becker, Jessica"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472486", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Documenting Americans' stress responses to an unprecedented pandemic and their degree of adherence to CDC guidelines is essential for mental health interventions and policy-making. To provide the first snapshot of immediate impact of COVID-19 on Americans' stress, coping, and guideline adherence. Data were collected from an online workers' platform for survey research (Amazon's Mechanical Turk) from April 7 to 9, 2020. The current data represents the baseline of a longitudinal study. Best practices for ensuring high-quality data were employed. Individuals who are 18 years of age or older, living in the USA, and English-speaking were eligible for the study. Of 1086 unique responses, 1015 completed responses are included. Population-based. Exposure to and stressfulness of COVID-19 stressors, coping strategies, and adherence to CDC guidelines. The sample was 53.9% women (n = 547), with an average age of 38.9 years (SD = 13.50, range = 18-88), most of whom were White (n = 836, 82.4%), non-Hispanic (n = 929, 91.5%), and straight/heterosexual (n = 895, 88.2%); 40% were currently married (n = 407), and 21.6% (n = 219) were caregivers. About half (50.5%) endorsed having at least \"mostly\" enough money to meet their needs. Respondents' locations across the USA ranged from 18.5% in the Northeast to 37.8% in the South. The most commonly experienced stressors were reading/hearing about the severity and contagiousness of COVID-19, uncertainty about length of quarantine and social distancing requirements, and changes to social and daily personal care routines. Financial concerns were rated most stressful. Younger age, female gender, and caregiver status increased risk for stressor exposure and greater degree of stressfulness. The most frequently reported strategies to manage stress were distraction, active coping, and seeking emotional social support. CDC guideline adherence was generally high, but several key social distancing and hygiene behaviors showed suboptimal adherence, particularly for men and younger adults. Americans have high COVID-19 stress exposure and some demographic subgroups appear particularly vulnerable to stress effects. Subgroups less likely to adhere to CDC guidelines may benefit from targeted information campaigns. these findings may guide mental health interventions and inform policy-making regarding implications of specific public health measures."}, {"pmid": 32499317, "title": "The \"virtual wards\" supporting patients with covid-19 in the community.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Thornton, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499317", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313228, "pmcid": "PMC7169650", "title": "COVID-19 Q&A: Animal care continues.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Neff, Ellen P"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313228", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298981, "pmcid": "PMC7195120", "title": "Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Gupta, Ritesh", "Ghosh, Amerta", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298981", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "High prevalence of diabetes makes it an important comorbidity in patients with COVID-19. We sought to review and analyze the data regarding the association between diabetes and COVID-19, pathophysiology of the disease in diabetes and management of patients with diabetes who develop COVID-19 infection. PubMed database and Google Scholar were searched using the key terms 'COVID-19', 'SARS-CoV-2', 'diabetes', 'antidiabetic therapy' up to April 2, 2020. Full texts of the retrieved articles were accessed. There is evidence of increased incidence and severity of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes. COVID-19 could have effect on the pathophysiology of diabetes. Blood glucose control is important not only for patients who are infected with COVID-19, but also for those without the disease. Innovations like telemedicine are useful to treat patients with diabetes in today's times."}, {"pmid": 32375488, "pmcid": "PMC7215090", "title": "Respiratory management in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care", "authors": ["Price, Susanna", "Singh, Suveer", "Ledot, Stephane", "Bianchi, Paolo", "Hind, Matthew", "Tavazzi, Guido", "Vranckx, Pascal"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375488", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic is to date affecting more than a million of patients and is challenging healthcare professionals around the world. Coronavirus disease 2019 may present with a wide range of clinical spectrum and severity, including severe interstitial pneumonia with high prevalence of hypoxic respiratory failure requiring intensive care admission. There has been increasing sharing experience regarding the patient's clinical features over the last weeks which has underlined the need for general guidance on treatment strategies. We summarise the evidence existing in the literature of oxygen and positive pressure treatments in patients at different stages of respiratory failure and over the course of the disease, including environment and ethical issues related to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 infection."}, {"pmid": 32471903, "title": "Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Gianfrancesco, Milena", "Hyrich, Kimme L", "Al-Adely, Sarah", "Carmona, Loreto", "Danila, Maria I", "Gossec, Laure", "Izadi, Zara", "Jacobsohn, Lindsay", "Katz, Patricia", "Lawson-Tovey, Saskia", "Mateus, Elsa F", "Rush, Stephanie", "Schmajuk, Gabriela", "Simard, Julia", "Strangfeld, Anja", "Trupin, Laura", "Wysham, Katherine D", "Bhana, Suleman", "Costello, Wendy", "Grainger, Rebecca", "Hausmann, Jonathan S", "Liew, Jean W", "Sirotich, Emily", "Sufka, Paul", "Wallace, Zachary S", "Yazdany, Jinoos", "Machado, Pedro M", "Robinson, Philip C"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471903", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 outcomes in people with rheumatic diseases remain poorly understood. The aim was to examine demographic and clinical factors associated with COVID-19 hospitalisation status in people with rheumatic disease. Case series of individuals with rheumatic disease and COVID-19 from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance registry: 24 March 2020 to 20 April 2020. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs of hospitalisation. Age, sex, smoking status, rheumatic disease diagnosis, comorbidities and rheumatic disease medications taken immediately prior to infection were analysed. A total of 600 cases from 40 countries were included. Nearly half of the cases were hospitalised (277, 46%) and 55 (9%) died. In multivariable-adjusted models, prednisone dose \u226510\u2009mg/day was associated with higher odds of hospitalisation (OR 2.05, 95%\u2009CI 1.06 to 3.96). Use of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) alone or in combination with biologics/Janus Kinase inhibitors was not associated with hospitalisation (OR 1.23, 95%\u2009CI 0.70 to 2.17 and OR 0.74, 95%\u2009CI 0.37 to 1.46, respectively). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use was not associated with hospitalisation status (OR 0.64, 95%\u2009CI 0.39 to 1.06). Tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (anti-TNF) use was associated with a reduced odds of hospitalisation (OR 0.40, 95%\u2009CI 0.19 to 0.81), while no association with antimalarial use (OR 0.94, 95%\u2009CI 0.57 to 1.57) was observed. We found that glucocorticoid exposure of \u226510\u2009mg/day is associated with a higher odds of hospitalisation and anti-TNF with a decreased odds of hospitalisation in patients with rheumatic disease. Neither exposure to DMARDs nor NSAIDs were associated with increased odds of hospitalisation."}, {"pmid": 32346146, "title": "The race for coronavirus vaccines: a graphical guide.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346146", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330208, "pmcid": "PMC7182198", "title": "Machine learning using intrinsic genomic signatures for rapid classification of novel pathogens: COVID-19 case study.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Randhawa, Gurjit S", "Soltysiak, Maximillian P M", "El Roz, Hadi", "de Souza, Camila P E", "Hill, Kathleen A", "Kari, Lila"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330208", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (renamed SARS-CoV-2, and generally referred to as the COVID-19 virus) has spread to 184 countries with over 1.5 million confirmed cases. Such major viral outbreaks demand early elucidation of taxonomic classification and origin of the virus genomic sequence, for strategic planning, containment, and treatment. This paper identifies an intrinsic COVID-19 virus genomic signature and uses it together with a machine learning-based alignment-free approach for an ultra-fast, scalable, and highly accurate classification of whole COVID-19 virus genomes. The proposed method combines supervised machine learning with digital signal processing (MLDSP) for genome analyses, augmented by a decision tree approach to the machine learning component, and a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis for result validation. These tools are used to analyze a large dataset of over 5000 unique viral genomic sequences, totalling 61.8 million bp, including the 29 COVID-19 virus sequences available on January 27, 2020. Our results support a hypothesis of a bat origin and classify the COVID-19 virus as Sarbecovirus, within Betacoronavirus. Our method achieves 100% accurate classification of the COVID-19 virus sequences, and discovers the most relevant relationships among over 5000 viral genomes within a few minutes, ab initio, using raw DNA sequence data alone, and without any specialized biological knowledge, training, gene or genome annotations. This suggests that, for novel viral and pathogen genome sequences, this alignment-free whole-genome machine-learning approach can provide a reliable real-time option for taxonomic classification."}, {"pmid": 32302076, "title": "The Untold Toll - The Pandemic's Effects on Patients without Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rosenbaum, Lisa"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302076", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419777, "pmcid": "PMC7225718", "title": "No Need of Transforming Gastroenterology Units to COVID Units at the Time of SARS-COV2 Infection - A Single-Center Analysis from Northern Italy.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Zingone, Fabiana", "Casadei, Cesare", "Farinati, Fabio", "Savarino, Edoardo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32006656, "pmcid": "PMC7128735", "title": "The association between domestic train transportation and novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven correlational report.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Zhuang, Zian", "Ran, Jinjun", "Lin, Jiaer", "Yang, Guangpu", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai"], "date": "2020-02-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32006656", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527626, "pmcid": "PMC7260499", "title": "New Challenges and Opportunities for Echocardiographic Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call to Focus on Competency and Pathology.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Madrazo, Jose A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527626", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475091, "title": "Cardiovascular conditions and COVID-19.", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Rahman, Atifur"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475091", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system, cardiovascular involvement is common, especially in individuals who are severely ill."}, {"pmid": 32343122, "pmcid": "PMC7192204", "title": "Updates on What ACS Reported: Emerging Evidences of COVID-19 with Nervous System Involvement.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Baig, Abdul Mannan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343122", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), our knowledge of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is still in its infancy. Almost every aspect of the pathogen remains largely unknown, ranging from mechanisms involved in infection transmission, interplay with the human immune system, and covert mechanisms of end-organ damage. COVID-19 has manifested itself worldwide with a syndromic appearance that is dominated by respiratory dysregulations. While clinicians are focused on correcting respiratory homeostasis, echoing the original SARS, SARS-CoV-2 is also invading other end-organs, which may not exhibit overt clinical features. Nervous system involvement was not initially considered to play a significant role in patients with COVID-19. However, since this viewpoint was initially published, multiple studies have been released regarding the possible neurovirulence of SARS-CoV-2. In our previous viewpoint, we implored our colleagues to recognize the covert tactics of SARS-CoV-2 and emphasized that symptoms like anosmia, dysgeusia, ataxia, and altered mental status could be early signs of the neurotropic potential of this virus. The past few weeks, after the viewpoint surfaced, it was noticed that it has enabled clinicians and healthcare professionals to compute the neurovirulence associated with SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients, as evidenced by very recently reported studies."}, {"pmid": 32316719, "title": "[Expression analysis of 2019-nCoV related ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in eye tissues].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, B N", "Wang, Q", "Liu, T", "Dou, S Q", "Qi, X", "Jiang, H", "Qi, B X", "Zhang, B", "Zhou, Q J"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316719", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) are the key proteins for 2019-nCoV entry into host cells. To evaluate the potential infection risk of 2019-nCoV on ocular surface, we compared ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression among different eye tissues. Methods: Experimental article. Thirty mice were assigned to male, female, aging, diabetic and non-diabetic groups, with 6 mice in each group. Real-time PCR was performed to quantify ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression in conjunctiva, cornea, lacrimal gland, iris, lens, retina, lung, heart, kidney, and liver from male mice. Immunohistochemistry staining was applied to visualize the distribution of the two proteins in different mice tissues, and in human corneal and conjunctival sections. Published transcriptome datasets were extracted to generate the expression comparasion of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 between human conjunctival and corneal tissues, and results were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test. Female mice, aging mice, STZ-induced diabetic mice, diabetic group control mice were also subjected to ACE2 expression analysis. Results were analyzed using Student's t-test. Results: The expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes were the highest in conjunctiva among all the six mice eye tissues explored. The expression of these two genes in conjunctiva were lower than that in kidney and lung. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 shared similar expression pattern with the staining concentrated in corneal epithelium, conjunctival epithelium and lacrimal gland serous cells. The expression levels of ACE2 showed sex-difference. Female mice had lower ACE2 in conjunctiva and cornea than male mice, with the expression levels taking only 43% (t=3.269, P=0.031) and 63% (t=4.080, P=0.015) of that in the male conjunctiva and cornea, respectively. Diabetic mice expressed more ACE2 in conjunctiva (1.21-fold, P>0.05) and lacrimal gland (1.10-fold, P>0.05) compared with the control group. No significant difference on ACE2 expression was found between the aging and young adult mice. The expression level of human conjunctiva ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were significantly higher than that in the cornea (P=0.007), with 5.74-fold and 12.84-fold higher in the conjunctiva than in the corneal epithelium cells, which resembled the situation in mice. Conclusion: The observation of high-level ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in conjunctiva among the 6 eye tissues examined suggests that conjunctiva serves as an infection target tissue of 2019-nCoV. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56:)."}, {"pmid": 32362868, "pmcid": "PMC7182030", "title": "Long-Term Neurological Threats of COVID-19: A Call to Update the Thinking About the Outcomes of the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Front Neurol", "authors": ["Pereira, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362868", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451358, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the process and outcome of thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["Yang, Bin", "Wang, Tao", "Chen, Jian", "Chen, Yanfei", "Wang, Yabing", "Gao, Peng", "Li, Guilin", "Chen, Fei", "Li, Long", "Wang, Zheng", "Zhang, Hongqi", "Song, Haiqing", "Ma, Qingfeng", "Jiao, Liqun"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451358", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still spreading across the world. Although the pandemic has an all-round impact on medical work, the degree of its impact on endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is unclear. We continuously included AIS patients with large artery occlusion who underwent EVT in a comprehensive stroke center before and during the Wuhan shutdown. The protected code stroke (PCS) for screening and treating AIS patients was established during the pandemic. The efficacy and safety outcomes including the rate of successful reperfusion (defined as modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) graded 2b or 3) and time intervals for reperfusion were compared between two groups: pre-pandemic and pandemic. A total of 55 AIS patients who received EVT were included. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The time from hospital arrival to puncture (174 vs 125.5 min; p=0.002) and time from hospital arrival to reperfusion (213 vs 172 min; p=0.047) were significantly prolonged in the pandemic group compared with the pre-pandemic group. The rate of successful reperfusion was not significantly different between the two groups (85.7% (n=18) vs 88.2% (n=30); OR 0.971, 95%\u2009CI 0.785 to 1.203; p=1.000). The results of this study suggest a proper PCS algorithm which combines the COVID-19 screening and protection measures could decrease the impact of the disease on the clinical outcomes of EVT for AIS patients to the lowest extent possible during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32399655, "pmcid": "PMC7214858", "title": "Allogeneic cardiosphere-derived cells (CAP-1002) in critically ill COVID-19 patients: compassionate-use case series.", "journal": "Basic Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Singh, Siddharth", "Chakravarty, Tarun", "Chen, Peter", "Akhmerov, Akbarshakh", "Falk, Jeremy", "Friedman, Oren", "Zaman, Tanzira", "Ebinger, Joseph E", "Gheorghiu, Mitch", "Marban, Linda", "Marban, Eduardo", "Makkar, Raj R"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399655", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are no definitive therapies for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed to improve clinical outcomes, particularly in patients with severe disease. This case series explores the safety and effectiveness of intravenous allogeneic cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), formulated as CAP-1002, in critically ill patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Adverse reactions to CAP-1002, clinical status on the World Health Organization (WHO) ordinal scale, and changes in pro-inflammatory biomarkers and leukocyte counts were analyzed. All patients (n\u2009=\u20096; age range 19-75\u00a0years, 1 female) required ventilatory support (invasive mechanical ventilation, n\u2009=\u20095) with PaO2/FiO2 ranging from 69 to 198. No adverse events related to CAP-1002 administration were observed. Four patients (67%) were weaned from respiratory support and discharged from the hospital. One patient remains mechanically ventilated as of April 28th, 2020; all survive. A contemporaneous control group of critically ill COVID-19 patients (n\u2009=\u200934) at our institution showed 18% overall mortality at a similar stage of hospitalization. Ferritin was elevated in all patients at baseline (range of all patients 605.43-2991.52\u00a0ng/ml) and decreased in 5/6 patients (range of all patients 252.89-1029.90\u00a0ng/ml). Absolute lymphocyte counts were low in 5/6 patients at baseline (range 0.26-0.82\u2009\u00d7\u2009103/\u00b5l) but had increased in three of these five patients at last follow-up (range 0.23-1.02\u2009\u00d7\u2009103/\u00b5l). In this series of six critically ill COVID-19 patients, intravenous infusion of CAP-1002 was well tolerated and associated with resolution of critical illness in 4 patients. This series demonstrates the apparent safety of CAP-1002 in COVID-19. While this initial experience is promising, efficacy will need to be further assessed in a randomized controlled trial."}, {"pmid": 32411566, "pmcid": "PMC7219014", "title": "Nifedipine and Amlodipine Are Associated With Improved Mortality and Decreased Risk for Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation in Elderly Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Solaimanzadeh, Isaac"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411566", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (CCB) are typically used agents in the clinical management of hypertension. Yet, they have also been utilized in the treatment of various pulmonary disorders with vasoconstriction.\u00a0Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been implicated in the development of vasoconstrictive, proinflammatory, and pro-oxidative effects. A retrospective review was conducted on CCB use in hospitalized patients in search of any difference in outcomes related to specific endpoints: survival to discharge and progression of disease leading to intubation and mechanical ventilation. The electronic medical records for all patients that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 that were at or above the age of 65 and that expired or survived to discharge from a community hospital in Brooklyn, NY, between the start of the public health crisis due to the viral disease up until April 13, 2020, were included. Of the 77 patients that were identified, 18 survived until discharge and 59 expired. Seven patients from the expired group were excluded since they died within one day of presentation to the hospital. Five patients were excluded from the expired group since their age was above that of the eldest patient in the survival group (89 years old). With 65 patients left, 24 were found to have been administered either amlodipine or nifedipine (CCB group) and 41 were not (No-CCB group). Patients treated with a CCB were significantly more likely to survive than those not treated with a CCB:\u00a012 (50%) survived and 12 expired in the CCB group vs. six (14.6%) that survived and 35 (85.4%) that expired in the No-CCB treatment group (P<.01;\u00a0p=0.0036). CCB patients were also significantly less likely to undergo intubation and mechanical ventilation. Only one patient (4.2%) was intubated in the CCB group whereas 16 (39.0%) were intubated in the No-CCB treatment group (P<.01; p=0.0026). Nifedipine and amlodipine were found to be associated with significantly improved mortality and a decreased risk for intubation and mechanical ventilation in elderly patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Further clinical studies are warranted. Including either nifedipine or amlodipine in medication regimens for elderly patients with hypertension hospitalized for COVID-19 may be considered."}, {"pmid": 32400874, "pmcid": "PMC7239215", "title": "New Methanol Poisoning Outbreaks in Iran Following COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Alcohol Alcohol", "authors": ["Delirrad, Mohammad", "Mohammadi, Ali Banagozar"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400874", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367857, "title": "Safety of an immunomodulator Mycobacterium w in COVID-19.", "journal": "Lung India", "authors": ["Sehgal, Inderpaul Singh", "Bhalla, Ashish", "Puri, Goverdhan Dutt", "Yaddanapudi, Laxmi Narayana", "Singh, Mini", "Malhotra, Pankaj", "Dhooria, Sahajal", "Suri, Vikas", "Agarwal, Ritesh"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367857", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498114, "title": "Service learning and COVID-19 - what the future might look like?", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Beaman, Adam", "Davidson, Patricia M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498114", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32161408, "pmcid": "PMC7096028", "title": "Lack of maternal-fetal SARS-CoV-2 transmission.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Stower, Hannah"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161408", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404011, "pmcid": "PMC7232880", "title": "Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with hypertension on renin-angiotensin system inhibitors.", "journal": "Clin Exp Hypertens", "authors": ["Zhou, Xian", "Zhu, Jingkang", "Xu, Tao"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404011", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, COVID-19 outbroke in Wuhan, China. The current study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 complicated by hypertension. In this retrospective, single-center study, we recruited 110 discharged patients with COVID-19 at Wuhan Fourth Hospital in Wuhan, China, from January 25 to February 20, 2020. All study cases were grouped according to whether they had a history of hypertension. Then, a subgroup analysis for all hypertensive patients was carried out based on whether to take ACEI or ARB drugs. The mean age of 110 patients was 57.7\u00a0years (range, 25-86\u00a0years), of which 60 (54.5%) were male patients. The main underlying diseases included hypertension [36 (32.7%)] and diabetes [11 (10.0%)]. Compared with the non-hypertensive group, the lymphocyte count was significantly lower in the hypertensive group (average value, 0.96\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0109/L vs 1.26\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0109/L), and analysis of clinical outcomes showed that the crude mortality rate was higher in the hypertensive group [7/36 (19.4%) vs 2/74 (2.7%)]. Patients treated with ACEI or ARB, compared with the control group, were younger (average age, 58.5\u00a0years vs 69.2\u00a0years), but there was no statistical difference in the crude cure rate [10/15 (66.7%) vs 15/21 (71.4%)] and the crude mortality rate [2/15 (13.3%) vs 5/21 (23.8%)]. In conclusions, the COVID-19 patients with a history of hypertension had a significantly lower lymphocyte count on admission. The elderly and comorbidities such as hypertension may together constitute risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. Taking ACEI or ARB drugs may not change the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with hypertension."}, {"pmid": 32226636, "pmcid": "PMC7100419", "title": "Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Tan, Li", "Wang, Qi", "Zhang, Duanyang", "Ding, Jinya", "Huang, Qianchuan", "Tang, Yi-Quan", "Wang, Qiongshu", "Miao, Hongming"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226636", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32315967, "pmcid": "PMC7195413", "title": "Acute stress, behavioural symptoms and mood states among school-age children with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Zhang, Jinsong", "Shuai, Lan", "Yu, Hui", "Wang, Zhouye", "Qiu, Meihui", "Lu, Lu", "Cao, Xuan", "Xia, Weipin", "Wang, Yuanyuan", "Chen, Runsen"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315967", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499187, "pmcid": "PMC7255253", "title": "How the COVID-19 pandemic changed the Plastic Surgery activity in a regional referral center in Northern Italy.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Pignatti, Marco", "Pinto, Valentina", "Miralles, Maria Elisa Lozano", "Giorgini, Federico A", "Cannamela, Giacomo", "Cipriani, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499187", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid 19 epidemic has modified the way that plastic surgeons can treat their patients. At our hospital all elective surgery was canceled and only the more severe cases were admitted. The outpatient department activity has been reduced also. We present the number and diagnoses of patients, treated as in- and out-patients, during seven weeks from the onset of the epidemic, comparing our activity from the lockdown of elective surgery with the numbers and diagnoses observed during the same weeks of last year. Finally we underline the importance of using telemedicine and web-based tools to transmit images of lesions that need the surgeon's evaluation, and can be used by the patient to keep in touch with a doctor during the distressing time of delay of the expected procedure."}, {"pmid": 32330396, "title": "Communication Strategies for Kidney Disease in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Lu, Emily"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330396", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525062, "title": "Management and outcomes of a Vascular Surgery Department with sudden medical staff outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Pereira-Neves, Antonio", "Rocha-Neves, Joao", "Cerqueira, Alfredo", "Fernando-Teixeira, Jose"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525062", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448344, "pmcid": "PMC7245881", "title": "Effect of flow and cannula size on generated pressure during nasal high flow.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Pinkham, Maximilian", "Tatkov, Stanislav"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448344", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523138, "title": "Excerpts from the documents of Mexican positions and recommendations in cardiovascular diseases and COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A", "Gutierrez-Fajardo, Pedro", "Cabrera-Rayo, Alfredo", "Sosa-Caballero, Alejandro", "Pina-Reyna, Yigal", "Merino-Rajme, Jose A", "Heredia-Delgado, Jose A", "Cruz-Alvarado, Jaime E", "Galindo-Uribe, Jaime", "Rogel-Martinez, Ulises", "Gonzalez-Hermosillo, Jesus A", "Avila-Vanzzini, Nydia", "Sanchez-Carranza, Jesus A", "Jimenez-Orozco, Jorge H", "Sahagun-Sanchez, Guillermo", "Fanghanel-Salmon, Guillermo", "Albores-Figueroa, Rosenberg", "Carrillo-Esper, Raul", "Reyes-Teran, Gustavo", "Cossio-Aranda, Jorge E", "Borrayo-Sanchez, Gabriela", "de Los Rios, Manuel Odin", "Berni-Betancourt, Ana C", "Cortes-Lawrenz, Jorge", "Leiva-Pons, Jose L", "Ortiz-Fernandez, Patricio H", "Lopez-Cuellar, Julio", "Araiza-Garaygordobil, Diego", "Madrid-Miller, Alejandra", "Saturno-Chiu, Guillermo", "Beltran-Nevarez, Octavio", "Enciso-Munoz, Jose M", "Garcia-Rincon, Andres", "Perez-Soriano, Patricia", "Herrera-Gomar, Magali", "Rosal, Jose J Lozoya Del", "Fajardo-Juarez, Armando I", "Olmos-Temois, Sergio G", "Rodriguez-Reyes, Humberto", "Ortiz-Galvan, Fernando", "Marquez-Murillo, Manlio F", "Celaya-Cota, Manuel de J", "Cigarroa-Lopez, Jose A", "Magana-Serrano, Jose A", "Alvarez-Sangabriel, Amada", "Ruiz-Ruiz, Vicente", "Chavez-Mendoza, Adolfo", "Mendez-Ortiz, Arturo", "Leon-Gonzalez, Salvador", "Guizar-Sanchez, Carlos", "Izaguirre-Avila, Raul", "Grimaldo-Gomez, Flavio A", "Preciado-Anaya, Andres", "Ruiz-Gastelum, Edith", "Fernandez-Barros, Carlos L", "Gordillo, Antonio", "Alonso-Sanchez, Jesus", "Ceron-Enriquez, Norma", "Nunez-Urquiza, Juan P", "Silva-Torres, Jesus", "Pacheco-Beltran, Nancy", "Garcia-Saldivia, Marianna A", "Perez-Gamez, Juan C", "Lezama-Urtecho, Carlos", "Lopez-Uribe, Carlos", "Lopez-Mora, Gerardo E", "Rivera-Reyes, Romina"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523138", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recommendations in which the Mexican Society of Cardiology (SMC) in conjunction with the National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico (ANCAM) as well as different Mexican medical associations linked to cardiology are presented, after a comprehensive and consensual review and analysis of the topics related to cardiovascular diseases in the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientific positions are analyzed and responsible recommendations on general measures are given to patients, with personal care, healthy eating, regular physical activity, actions in case of cardio-respiratory arrest, protection of the patient and health personnel as well as precise indications in the use of non-invasive cardiovascular imaging, prescription of medications, care in specific topics such as systemic arterial hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias and acute coronary syndromes, in addition to emphasizing electrophysiology, interventionism, cardiac surgery and in cardiac rehabilitation. The main interest is to provide the medical community with a general orientation on what to do in daily practice and patients with cardiovascular diseases in the setting of this unprecedented epidemiological crisis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32257431, "pmcid": "PMC7113610", "title": "COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses.", "journal": "J Adv Res", "authors": ["Shereen, Muhammad Adnan", "Khan, Suliman", "Kazmi, Abeer", "Bashir, Nadia", "Siddique, Rabeea"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257431", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. Genomic analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoir. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available to be used against COVID-19. However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, resulted in clinical recovery. In the current review, we summarize and comparatively analyze the emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection and previous human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We also discuss the approaches for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic combinations to cope with this viral outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32448041, "title": "Covid-19 induced superimposed bacterial infection.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Hendaus, Mohamed A", "Jomha, Fatima A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448041", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral respiratory infections are very common and they are frequently eliminated from the body without any detrimental consequences. Secondary serious bacterial infection has been an apprehension expressed by health care providers, and this fear has been exacerbated in the era of Covid-19. Several published studies have shown an association between Covid-19 illness and secondary bacterial infection. However, the proposed mechanism by which a virus can develop a secondary bacterial infection is not well delineated. The aim of this commentary is to update the current evidence of the risk of bacterial infection in patients with Covid-19. We present several clinical studies related to the topic as well as a brief review of the potential pathophysiology of secondary infections that could present with Covid-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32078048, "pmcid": "PMC7088419", "title": "Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis.", "journal": "Clin Oral Investig", "authors": ["Sabino-Silva, Robinson", "Jardim, Ana Carolina Gomes", "Siqueira, Walter L"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078048", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442029, "title": "Reorganizing Cross-Sectional Interventional Procedures Practice During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Fananapazir, Ghaneh", "Lubner, Meghan G", "Mendiratta-Lala, Mishal", "Wildman-Tobriner, Benjamin", "Galgano, Samuel J", "Lamba, Ramit", "Hinshaw, J Louis", "Brook, Olga R"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442029", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to present strategies and guidelines that can be implemented in the performance of cross-sectional interventional procedures during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. CONCLUSION. Radiologists who perform cross-sectional interventional procedures can take several steps to minimize the risks to patients and radiology personnel, including screening referred patients to decide which procedures can be postponed, using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), minimizing the number of people involved in procedures, preserving PPE when possible, and applying proper room and equipment cleaning measures."}, {"pmid": 32500526, "title": "Considerations on Biologicals for Patients with allergic disease in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: an EAACI Statement.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Vultaggio, Alessandra", "Agache, Ioana", "Akdis, Cezmi A", "Akdis, Mubeccel", "Bavbek, Sevim", "Bossios, Apostolos", "Bousquet, Jean", "Boyman, Onur", "Chaker, Adam M", "Chan, Susan", "Chatzipetrou, Alexia", "Feleszko, Wojciech", "Firinu, Davide", "Jutel, Marek", "Kauppi, Paula", "Klimek, Ludger", "Kolios, Antonios", "Kothari, Akash", "Kowalski, Marek L", "Matucci, Andrea", "Palomares, Oscar", "Pfaar, Oliver", "Rogala, Barbara", "Untersmayr, Eva", "Eiwegger, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500526", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2-induced Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic re-shaped doctor-patient interaction and challenged capacities of healthcare systems. It created many issues around the optimal and safest way to treat complex patients with severe allergic disease. A significant numberof the patients are on treatment with biologicals and clinicians face the challenge to provide optimal care during the pandemic. Uncertainty of the potential risks for these patients is related to the fact that the exact sequence of immunological events during SARS-CoV-2 is not known. Severe COVID-19 patients may experience a \"cytokine storm\" and associated organ damage characterized by an exaggerated release of proinflammatory type 1 and type 3 cytokines. These inflammatory responses are potentially counteracted by anti-inflammatory cytokines and type 2 responses. This expert based EAACI statement aims to provide guidance on the application of biologicals targeting type 2 inflammation in patients with allergic disease. Currently, there is very little evidence for an enhanced risk of patients with allergic diseases to develop severe COVID-19 with studies focusing on severe allergic phenotypes lacking. At present, non-infected patients on biologicals for the treatment of asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or chronic spontaneous urticaria should continue their biologicals targeting type 2 inflammation via self-application. In case of an active SARS-CoV-2 infection, biological treatment needs to be stopped until clinical recovery and SARS-CoV-2 negativity is established and treatment with biologicals should be re-initiated. Maintenance of add-on therapy and a constant assessment of disease control, apart from acute management is demanded."}, {"pmid": 32291797, "pmcid": "PMC7262312", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: At the Crossroad Between Aging and Neurodegeneration.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Lippi, Alice", "Domingues, Renato", "Setz, Cristian", "Outeiro, Tiago F", "Krisko, Anita"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291797", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330339, "pmcid": "PMC7267325", "title": "Cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 in images: a case report.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Avellana Moreno, R", "Estela Villa, L M", "Avellana Moreno, V", "Estela Villa, C", "Moreno Aparicio, M A", "Avellana Fontanella, J A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330339", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387795, "pmcid": "PMC7190508", "title": "COVID19 pandemic and people with opioid use disorder: innovation to reduce risk.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Vecchio, Sarah", "Ramella, Roberto", "Drago, Alessandra", "Carraro, Daniele", "Littlewood, Richard", "Somaini, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387795", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic is creating a vast and growing number of challenges for all. People with a history of opioid use disorder (OUD) also may be exposed to additional risks. Piedmont one of the areas most severely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, with large numbers of people infected and related mortality. In the region, specialists responsible for OUD care identified the risk that the existing care system exposed patients to. Teams designed and implemented innovation approaches to enable continuation of care and reduce the inherent system risk to patients with OUD."}, {"pmid": 32521067, "title": "Oral manifestations in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Al-Khatib, A"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521067", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a recent short communication \"Oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection\" with a running title \"Oral manifestations in COVID-19 patients\", Mart\u00edn Carreras-Presaset. al (2020) described three patients who developed oral ulcerative lesions during the COVID-19 lock-down period; a 56-year-old healthy male, a 58-year-old-male with diabetes and hypertension and a 65-year-old female with hypertension."}, {"pmid": 32331818, "pmcid": "PMC7151391", "title": "Commentary: Challenges to thoracic surgeons in the global coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Zhang, Yang", "Chen, Haiquan"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331818", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391880, "pmcid": "PMC7239137", "title": "Heart Team meetings during COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Wahadat, Ali R", "Sadeghi, Amir H", "Tanis, Wilco"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391880", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420544, "pmcid": "PMC7225712", "title": "La proteccion de los sanitarios frente a COVID-19 importa demasiado.", "journal": "J Healthc Qual Res", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Castro, Alejandro", "Escudero-Acha, Patricia", "Penasco, Yhivian"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420544", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242947, "pmcid": "PMC7228215", "title": "Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cao, Yinghao", "Liu, Xiaoling", "Xiong, Lijuan", "Cai, Kailin"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242947", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has begun to spread worldwide. We aim to explore reliable evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of the COVID-19 by analyzing all the published studies by Chinese scholars on the clinical and imaging features in novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2. We searched five medical databases including two Chinese and three English databases for all published articles on COVID-19 since the outbreak. A random-effects model was designed, and the imaging and clinical data from all studies were collected for meta-analysis. Overall, 31 articles and 46\u2009959 patients were included, including 10 English articles and 21 Chinese articles. The results of meta-analysis showed that the most common clinical manifestations were fever (87.3%; 0.838-0.909), cough (58.1%; 0.502-0.660), dyspnea (38.3%; 0.246-0.520), muscle soreness or fatigue (35.5%; 0.253-0.456), and chest distress (31.2%; -0.024 to 0.648). The main imaging findings were bilateral pneumonia (75.7%; 0.639-0.871) and ground-glass opacification (69.9%; 0.602-0.796). Among the patients, the incidence that required intensive care unit (ICU) was (29.3%; 0.190-0.395), the incidence with acute respiratory distress syndrome was (28.8%; 0.147-0.429), the incidence with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was (8.5%; -0.008 to 0.179), and the case fatality rate of patients with COVID-19 was (6.8%; 0.044-0.093). COVID-19 is a new clinical infectious disease that mainly causes bilateral pneumonia and lung function deteriorates rapidly. Nearly a third of patients need to be admitted to the ICU, and patients are likely to present respiratory failure or even death."}, {"pmid": 32487773, "title": "Travel restrictions in the rising COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Hong Kong Med J", "authors": ["Xue, W", "Lam, C", "Yeung, H H", "Wong, C S", "Chan, V L Y", "Wong, Y S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487773", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385891, "pmcid": "PMC7261970", "title": "Systemic Immunobiological, Immunosuppressant and Oncologic Agents for the Treatment of Dermatologic Diseases during the SARS-Cov-2 (COVID19) Pandemic Emergency: a Quick Review for a Quick Consultation.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Paolino, Giovanni", "Mercuri, Santo Raffaele", "Bearzi, Pietro", "Mattozzi, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385891", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Precision Medicine Era has helped to better manage patients with immunological and oncological disease, improving the quality of life of this class of patients. Regarding the management of these patients and positivity to SARS-Cov2, currently, limited data is available and information is evolving. In this quick review we have analyzed the mechanisms of action and related infective risk of drugs used for the treatment of immune-mediated and oncologic skin conditions during the daily clinical practice. In general immunosuppressant and antineoplastic agents for dermatologic treatments do not require suspension and do not require special measures, if not those commonly observed. In the case of a COVID19 patient with complication (such as pneumonia, respiratory failure), treatment suspension should always be considered after taking into account the general condition of the patient, the risk-benefit ratio and the pathophysiology of COVID19 infection. The COVID19 emergency pandemic does not imply an under-treatment of existing skin conditions, which together with the SARS-Cov2 infection may jeopardize the patient's life. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32423435, "pmcid": "PMC7232932", "title": "Chest CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in preschool children: a retrospective study.", "journal": "BMC Pediatr", "authors": ["Li, Yang", "Cao, Jianghui", "Zhang, Xiaolong", "Liu, Guangzhi", "Wu, Xiaxia", "Wu, Baolin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423435", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the World Health Organization has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. So far, however, limited data are available for children. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the clinical and chest CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 in preschool children. From January 26, 2020 to February 20, 2020, the clinical and initial chest CT imaging data of eight preschool children with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from two hospitals were retrospectively collected. The chest CT imaging characteristics, including the distribution, shape, and density of lesions, and the pleural effusion, pleural changes, and enlarged lymph nodes were evaluated. Two cases (25%) were classified as mild type, and they showed no obvious abnormal CT findings or minimal pleural thickening on the right side. Five cases (62.5%) were classified as moderate type. Among these patients, one case showed consolidation located in the subpleural region of the right upper lobe, with thickening in the adjacent pleura; one case showed multiple consolidation and ground-glass opacities with blurry margins; one case displayed bronchial pneumonia-like changes in the left upper lobe; and two cases displayed asthmatic bronchitis-like changes. One case (12.5%) was classified as critical type and showed bronchial pneumonia-like changes in the bilateral lungs, presenting blurred and messy bilateral lung markings and multiple patchy shadows scattered along the lung markings with blurry margins. The chest CT findings of COVID-19 in preschool children are atypical and various. Accurate diagnosis requires a comprehensive evaluation of epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and CT imaging data."}, {"pmid": 32493981, "title": "The COVID-19 testing debacle.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493981", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198178, "title": "Covid-19: experts question the evidence behind closing London Underground and city metros during the pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Coombes, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198178", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360121, "pmcid": "PMC7188658", "title": "Preserving Operational Capability While Building Capacity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tertiary Urology Centre's Experience.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Tan, Yi Quan", "Wu, Qing Hui", "Chiong, Edmund"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360121", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275254, "title": "Videoconferences of Infectious Diseases: An educational tool that transcends borders. A useful tool also for the current COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Gonzales-Zamora, Jose A", "Alave, Jorge", "De Lima-Corvino, Daniela F", "Fernandez, Anmary"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275254", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Not available."}, {"pmid": 32375850, "pmcid": "PMC7202795", "title": "Intensive care for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a makeshift ICU in Wuhan.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Lu, Xiao", "Xu, Shanxiang"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375850", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234129, "title": "[Rethinking public health education and public health workforce development in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ren, T", "Lyu, J", "Yu, C Q", "Li, L M"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234129", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the fighting against COVID-19, both the public health education and public health workforce of China have exposed important challenges. The present review discusses dilemmas and weakness that relate to the position of public health education in the higher education system, public health education system, curriculum system, teaching methods, practice-based teaching, training of highly qualified personnel in public health, public health teachers, remuneration and non-monetary honorable rewards for the public health workforce. Suggestions are also proposed for each of the challenges."}, {"pmid": 32340120, "pmcid": "PMC7232216", "title": "Shedding Light on the Effect of Natural Anti-Herpesvirus Alkaloids on SARS-CoV-2: A Treatment Option for COVID-19.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Hassan, Sherif T S"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340120", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The whole world is currently facing an unseen enemy, called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is causing a global pandemic. This disease is caused by a novel single-stranded enveloped RNA virus, known as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although huge efforts are being made to produce effective therapies to combat this disease, it continues to be one of the greatest challenges in medicine. There is no doubt that herpesviruses are one of the most important viruses that infect humans and animals, and infections induced by these pathogens have developed into a great threat to public health. According to the currently available evidence, the correlation between herpesviruses and coronaviruses is limited to the induced complications following the infections. For instance, the inflammation that is induced at the sites of infection could tie these viruses to each other in a relationship. Another example, bovine herpesvirus 1, which is an important pathogen of cattle, can cause a severe respiratory infection; the same way in which SARS-CoV-2 affects humans. Considering the current circumstances related to the COVID-19 crisis, this editorial paper, which belongs to the Special Issue \"Recent Advances in Herpesviruses Research: What's in the Pipeline?\" aims to draw attention to some natural anti-herpesvirus alkaloid compounds, which have recently been proven to have excellent inhibitory efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 replication. Thus, this special focus is an attempt to hunt down various treatment options to combat COVID-19 based on repurposing drugs that are known to have multiple antiviral properties, including against herpesvirus."}, {"pmid": 32236624, "pmcid": "PMC7169834", "title": "A new threat from an old enemy: Reemergence of coronavirus (Review).", "journal": "Int J Mol Med", "authors": ["Docea, Anca Oana", "Tsatsakis, Aristidis", "Albulescu, Dana", "Cristea, Oana", "Zlatian, Ovidiu", "Vinceti, Marco", "Moschos, Sterghios A", "Tsoukalas, Dimitris", "Goumenou, Marina", "Drakoulis, Nikolaos", "Dumanov, Josef M", "Tutelyan, Victor A", "Onischenko, Gennadii G", "Aschner, Michael", "Spandidos, Demetrios A", "Calina, Daniela"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236624", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new outbreak of coronavirus from December 2019 has brought attention to an old viral enemy and has raised concerns as to the ability of current protection measures and the healthcare system to handle such a threat. It has been known since the 1960s that coronaviruses can cause respiratory infections in humans; however, their epidemic potential was understood only during the past two decades. In the present review, we address current knowledge on coronaviruses from a short history to epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation of the disease, as well as treatment and prevention strategies. Although a great amount of research and efforts have been made worldwide to prevent further outbreaks of coronavirus\u2011associated disease, the spread and lethality of the 2019 outbreak (COVID\u201119) is proving to be higher than previous epidemics on account of international travel density and immune naivety of the population. Only strong, joint and coordinated efforts of worldwide healthcare systems, researchers, and pharmaceutical companies and receptive national leaders will succeed in suppressing an outbreak of this scale."}, {"pmid": 32445287, "title": "From guidance to practice: Promoting risk communication and community engagement for prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Evid Based Med", "authors": ["Hu, Guangyu", "Qiu, Wuqi"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445287", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Integrating risk communication and community engagement into the national public health emergency response is crucial. Considering the difficulties and challenges faced by China in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and based on interim guidelines from the World Health Organization, this article makes several recommendations addressing the outbreak in China. These include improvements in the internal governmental risk communication systems, enhancing the coordination between internal and partner governmental emergency management, and promoting public communication in response to societal concerns. Regarding these recommendations, we emphasize community engagement in joint prevention and control, confronting uncertainty and countering rumors effectively, and strengthening international cooperation and evidence-based decision making for prevention and control measures."}, {"pmid": 32342873, "pmcid": "PMC7118656", "title": "Navigating the challenges of the COVID-19 outbreak: Perspectives from the radiation oncology service in Singapore.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Tey, Jeremy", "Ho, Shaun", "Choo, Bok Ai", "Ho, Francis", "Yap, Swee Peng", "Tuan, Jeffrey K L", "Leong, Cheng Nang", "Cheo, Timothy", "Sommat, Kiattisa", "Wang, Michael L C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342873", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, pneumonia of unknown cause was reported by China to WHO. The outbreak was found to be caused by a coronavirus which was officially named \"severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\" (SARS-CoV-2), and the disease caused by it was named 'COVID-19'. The first case in Singapore was confirmed on 23rd January 2020. With lessons learnt from the SARS epidemic in 2003 and the H1N1 flu pandemic in 2009, Singapore was much better prepared to deal with the virus outbreak. The government has taken swift measures to contain and break the chain of transmission. Healthcare workers face the challenge of keeping patients and staff safe from the disease. There is a higher risk of mortality of COVID-19 in cancer patients and hence unique considerations for a radiation oncology department operating in an infectious disease outbreak. This article is the recommendations and adapted workflow from the two National Cancer Centres in Singapore with the endorsement by the working committee of the Chapter of Radiation Oncology, Academy of Medicine, Singapore. It highlights the challenges that radiation oncology departments in Singapore face and the appropriate recommended responses. This includes interventions, business continuity plans and workflow in managing a COVID-19 positive patient on radiotherapy."}, {"pmid": 32241075, "title": "General practice, COVID-19 and living with uncertainty", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Stone, Louise"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241075", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A lifetime of general practice brings with it the privilege of acquired wisdom. We swim in uncertainty and have learned to work within its scope."}, {"pmid": 32475215, "title": "Changes to legal forensic inspections in Sicily during Covid-19.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Malta, G", "Zerbo, S", "Bilotta, C", "Perrone, G", "Argo, A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475215", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396163, "pmcid": "PMC7218676", "title": "Development and Validation of a Clinical Risk Score to Predict the Occurrence of Critical Illness in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Liang, Wenhua", "Liang, Hengrui", "Ou, Limin", "Chen, Binfeng", "Chen, Ailan", "Li, Caichen", "Li, Yimin", "Guan, Weijie", "Sang, Ling", "Lu, Jiatao", "Xu, Yuanda", "Chen, Guoqiang", "Guo, Haiyan", "Guo, Jun", "Chen, Zisheng", "Zhao, Yi", "Li, Shiyue", "Zhang, Nuofu", "Zhong, Nanshan", "He, Jianxing"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396163", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early identification of patients with novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who may develop critical illness is of great importance and may aid in delivering proper treatment and optimizing use of resources. To develop and validate a clinical score at hospital admission for predicting which patients with COVID-19 will develop critical illness based on a nationwide cohort in China. Collaborating with the National Health Commission of China, we established a retrospective cohort of patients with COVID-19 from 575 hospitals in 31 provincial administrative regions as of January 31, 2020. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging variables ascertained at hospital admission were screened using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and logistic regression to construct a predictive risk score (COVID-GRAM). The score provides an estimate of the risk that a hospitalized patient with COVID-19 will develop critical illness. Accuracy of the score was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Data from 4 additional cohorts in China hospitalized with COVID-19 were used to validate the score. Data were analyzed between February 20, 2020 and March 17, 2020. Among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital, critical illness was defined as the composite measure of admission to the intensive care unit, invasive ventilation, or death. The development cohort included 1590 patients. the mean (SD) age of patients in the cohort was 48.9 (15.7) years; 904 (57.3%) were men. The validation cohort included 710 patients with a mean (SD) age of 48.2 (15.2) years, and 382 (53.8%) were men and 172 (24.2%). From 72 potential predictors, 10 variables were independent predictive factors and were included in the risk score: chest radiographic abnormality (OR, 3.39; 95% CI, 2.14-5.38), age (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05), hemoptysis (OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 1.36-15.15), dyspnea (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.18-3.01), unconsciousness (OR, 4.71; 95% CI, 1.39-15.98), number of comorbidities (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.27-2.00), cancer history (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.23-13.43), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10), lactate dehydrogenase (OR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.001-1.004) and direct bilirubin (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.24). The mean AUC in the development cohort was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.85-0.91) and the AUC in the validation cohort was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.93). The score has been translated into an online risk calculator that is freely available to the public (http://118.126.104.170/). In this study, a risk score based on characteristics of COVID-19 patients at the time of admission to the hospital was developed that may help predict a patient's risk of developing critical illness."}, {"pmid": 32455058, "pmcid": "PMC7241219", "title": "The SpineBox: A Freely Available, Open-access, 3D-printed Simulator Design for Lumbar Pedicle Screw Placement.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Clifton, William", "Damon, Aaron", "Valero-Moreno, Fidel", "Nottmeier, Eric", "Pichelmann, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455058", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background The recent COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need for innovation in cost-effective and easily produced surgical simulations for trainee education that are not limited by physical confines of location. This can be accomplished with the use of desktop three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. This study describes the creation of a low-cost and open-access simulation for anatomical learning and pedicle screw placement in the lumbar spine, which is termed the SpineBox. Materials and methods An anonymized CT scan of the lumbar spine was obtained and converted into 3D software files of the L1-L5 vertebral bodies. A computer-assisted design (CAD) software was used to assemble the vertebral models into a simulator unit in anatomical order to produce an easily prototyped simulator. The printed simulator was layered with foam in order to replicate soft tissue structures. The models were instrumented with pedicle screws using standard operative technique and examined under fluoroscopy. Results Ten SpineBoxes were created using a single desktop 3D printer, with accurate replication of the cortico-cancellous interface using previously validated techniques. The models were able to be instrumented with pedicle screws successfully and demonstrated quality representation of bony structures under fluoroscopy. The total cost of model production was under $10. Conclusion The SpineBox represents the first open-access simulator for the instruction of spinal anatomy and pedicle screw placement. This study aims to provide institutions across the world with an economical and feasible means of spine surgical simulation for neurosurgical trainees and to encourage other rapid prototyping laboratories to investigate innovative means of creating educational surgical platforms in the modern era."}, {"pmid": 32291449, "pmcid": "PMC7184459", "title": "ADAM17 inhibition may exert a protective effect on COVID-19.", "journal": "Nephrol Dial Transplant", "authors": ["Palau, Vanesa", "Riera, Marta", "Soler, Maria Jose"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291449", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315079, "pmcid": "PMC7264614", "title": "Varicella-like exanthem associated with COVID-19 in an 8-year-old girl: A diagnostic clue?", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Genovese, Giovanni", "Colonna, Cristiana", "Marzano, Angelo V"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315079", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been reported that the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may be associated with a papulovesicular skin eruption\u00a0predominantly involving the trunk. We hereby present a case of COVID-19-associated varicella-like exanthem in an 8-year-old girl with mild systemic symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32359410, "pmcid": "PMC7252023", "title": "Hypoxaemia related to COVID-19: vascular and perfusion abnormalities on dual-energy CT.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lang, Min", "Som, Avik", "Mendoza, Dexter P", "Flores, Efren J", "Reid, Nicholas", "Carey, Denston", "Li, Matthew D", "Witkin, Alison", "Rodriguez-Lopez, Josanna M", "Shepard, Jo-Anne O", "Little, Brent P"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359410", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452762, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 strategically mimics proteolytic activation of human ENaC.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Anand, Praveen", "Puranik, Arjun", "Aravamudan, Murali", "Venkatakrishnan, A J", "Soundararajan, Venky"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452762", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Molecular mimicry is an evolutionary strategy adopted by viruses to exploit the host cellular machinery. We report that SARS-CoV-2 has evolved a unique S1/S2 cleavage site, absent in any previous coronavirus sequenced, resulting in striking mimicry of an identical FURIN-cleavable peptide on the human epithelial sodium channel \u03b1-subunit (ENaC-\u03b1). Genetic alteration of ENaC-\u03b1 causes aldosterone dysregulation in patients, highlighting that the FURIN site is critical for activation of ENaC. Single cell RNA-seq from 65 studies shows significant overlap between expression of ENaC-\u03b1 and the viral receptor ACE2 in cell types linked to the cardiovascular-renal-pulmonary pathophysiology of COVID-19. Triangulating this cellular characterization with cleavage signatures of 178 proteases highlights proteolytic degeneracy wired into the SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle. Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 into a global pandemic may be driven in part by its targeted mimicry of ENaC-\u03b1, a protein critical for the homeostasis of airway surface liquid, whose misregulation is associated with respiratory conditions."}, {"pmid": 32273253, "pmcid": "PMC7129111", "title": "Hospital pharmacists' pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Recommendations and guidance from clinical experience.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Song, Zaiwei", "Hu, Yang", "Zheng, Siqian", "Yang, Li", "Zhao, Rongsheng"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273253", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss hospital pharmacists' role in providing pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to promote patient care and management during the pandemic. Based on the method of evidence-based pharmacy, clinical evidence of therapeutical drugs for COVID-19 were retrieved and summarized. Based on clinical experience Chinese hospital pharmacists gained from providing pharmaceutical care services during COVID-19 pandemic, taking COVID-19 hospitalized patients' needs into consideration, the methods and strategies hospital pharmacists shall use to provide pharmaceutical care were analyzed and summarized. Hospital pharmacists shall support pharmaceutical care services by participating in making evidence-based decisions for medication, monitoring and evaluation of medication safety and efficacy, providing strengthened care for special population and patients with combined underlying diseases, monitoring and management of convalescent plasma therapy, providing emotional counselling and psychological support, and providing scientific information about COVID-19 vaccines. The need of pharmaceutical care services in COVID-19 hospitalized patients during this pandemic was quite distinguished from the past. Hospital pharmacists shall join the collaborative multidisciplinary team to improve COVID-19 patients' outcome and reduce mortality, and to facilitate the pandemic control."}, {"pmid": 32489936, "pmcid": "PMC7242307", "title": "Computed tomography (CT) intestinal alterations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the imaging perspective: a case description.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Tang, Lei", "Cheng, Xinge", "Tian, Chong", "Wang, Rongpin", "Zhou, Hourong", "Wu, Weidong", "Yan, Lin", "Zeng, Xianchun"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489936", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431285, "title": "Recommendations for the COVID-19 Response at the National Level Based on Lessons Learned from the Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Mobula, Linda Meta", "Samaha, Hadia", "Yao, Michel", "Gueye, Abdou Salam", "Diallo, Boubacar", "Umutoni, Chantal", "Anoko, Julienne", "Lokonga, Jean-Pierre", "Minikulu, Luigi", "Mossoko, Mathias", "Bruni, Emanuele", "Carter, Simone", "Jombart, Thibaut", "Fall, Ibrahima Soce", "Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The tenth outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in North Kivu, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), was declared 8 days after the end of the ninth EVD outbreak, in the Equateur Province on August 1, 2018. With a total of 3,461 confirmed and probable cases, the North Kivu outbreak was the second largest outbreak after that in West Africa in 2014-2016, and the largest observed in the DRC. This outbreak was difficult to control because of multiple challenges, including armed conflict, population displacement, movement of contacts, community mistrust, and high population density. It took more than 21 months to control the outbreak, with critical innovations and systems put into place. We describe systems that were put into place during the EVD response in the DRC that can be leveraged for the response to the current COVID-19 global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32527736, "title": "Covid-19: Children with conditions managed in primary care may not need to shield.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527736", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479958, "title": "Optimal temperature zone for the dispersal of COVID-19.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Huang, Zhongwei", "Huang, Jianping", "Gu, Qianqing", "Du, Pengyue", "Liang, Hongbin", "Dong, Qing"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479958", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is essential to know the environmental parameters within which the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can survive to understand its global dispersal pattern. We found that 60.0% of the confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in places where the air temperature ranged from 5\u00a0\u00b0C to 15\u00a0\u00b0C, with a peak in cases at 11.54\u00a0\u00b0C. Moreover, approximately 73.8% of the confirmed cases were concentrated in regions with absolute humidity of 3\u00a0g/m3 to 10\u00a0g/m3. SARS-CoV-2 appears to be spreading toward higher latitudes. Our findings suggest that there is an optimal climatic zone in which the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 markedly increases in the ambient environment (including the surfaces of objects). These results strongly imply that the COVID-19 pandemic may spread cyclically and outbreaks may recur in large cities in the mid-latitudes in autumn 2020."}, {"pmid": 32241813, "title": "Covid-19: Patients who are improving could have treatment withdrawn if others could benefit more.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241813", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394560, "pmcid": "PMC7214959", "title": "Anxiety and depression among general population in China at the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "World Psychiatry", "authors": ["Li, Junfeng", "Yang, Zhiyun", "Qiu, Hui", "Wang, Yu", "Jian, Lingyu", "Ji, Junjun", "Li, Kefeng"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394560", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422309, "pmcid": "PMC7255117", "title": "Is it possible to achieve 100 percent hand hygiene compliance during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic?", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Wong, S-C", "AuYeung, C H-Y", "Lam, G K-M", "Leung, E Y-L", "Chan, V W-M", "Yuen, K-Y", "Cheng, V C-C"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331509, "pmcid": "PMC7212542", "title": "Hospital preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic: experience from department of medicine at Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System.", "journal": "Postgrad Med", "authors": ["Gupta, Shaili", "Federman, Daniel G"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331509", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019-2020 pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has inundated hospital systems globally, as they prepare to accommodate surge of patients requiring advanced levels of care. Pandemic preparedness has not been this urgently and widely needed in the last several decades. According to epidemiologic predictions, the peak of this pandemic has still not been reached, and hospitals everywhere need to ensure readiness to care for more patients than they usually do, and safety for healthcare workers who strive to save lives. We share our hospital-wide rapid preparedness and response to COVID-19 to help provide information to other healthcare systems globally."}, {"pmid": 32323908, "pmcid": "PMC7264783", "title": "Medical genetics education in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: Shared resources.", "journal": "Am J Med Genet A", "authors": ["Regier, Debra S", "Smith, Wendy E", "Byers, Heather M"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323908", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is appropriate that our focus is on patient care and preparation. However, the genetics community is well poised to fill in the educational gap created by medical students transitioning to limiting patient contact, creation of telemedicine patient care, and online learning modules. Our history of agility in learning and teaching is now only inhibited by the time constraints of current clinical demands on the genetics community. This publication is designed to offer ideas and resources for quickly transitioning our education to meet the current demands in the time of a pandemic. Not only will this allow us to continue our strong history of education, it will enhance our strong commitment to using modern educational techniques and tools to address the genetics workforce issues that have defined the recent past. We have the opportunity to aggressively educate for trainees that now have the capacity to learn, and to lead the way in showing how the genetics community rallies together no matter the challenge."}, {"pmid": 32193299, "title": "Countries test tactics in 'war' against COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon", "Kupferschmidt, Kai"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193299", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472024, "pmcid": "PMC7257358", "title": "The COVID-19 infection: lessons from the Italian experience.", "journal": "J Public Health Policy", "authors": ["Romagnani, Paola", "Gnone, Guido", "Guzzi, Francesco", "Negrini, Simone", "Guastalla, Andrea", "Annunziato, Francesco", "Romagnani, Sergio", "De Palma, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472024", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of the new coronavirus, COVID-19, was reported in China on 17 November 2019. By the end of March 2020, the rapid global spread of infection affected over 1 million people. Italy is one of the countries most impacted, with over 100,000 positive cases identified. The first detected cases were reported on 21 February 2020 in two Italian towns: Vo' Euganeo in the Province of Padua, Veneto region, and Codogno, in the Province of Lodi, Lombardy. In the next weeks the epidemic spread quickly across the country but mainly in the north of Italy. The two regions: Veneto and Lombardy, implemented different strategies to control the viral spread. In Veneto, health personnel tested both symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, while in Lombardy only symptomatic cases were investigated. We analyzed the evolution of the epidemic in these regions and showed that testing both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases is a more effective strategy to mitigate the epidemic impact. We strongly recommend that decision-makers:ensure early isolation of symptomatic patients and rapid identification of their contacts;maximize testing rapidly, especially among people with multiple daily contacts with infected populations, high exposure to the public in essential services;rapidly increase diagnostic capacity by mobilizing trained personnel capable of performing rRT-PCR on respiratory samples;equip the population with protective masks."}, {"pmid": 32512197, "title": "Guidelines: Anaesthesia in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Velly, Lionel", "Gayat, Etienne", "Jong, Audrey De", "Quintard, Herve", "Weiss, Emmanuel", "Cuvillon, Philippe", "Audibert, Gerard", "Amour, Julien", "Beaussier, Marc", "Biais, Matthieu", "Bloc, Sebastien", "Bonnet, Marie Pierre", "Bouzat, Pierre", "Brezac, Gilles", "Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire", "Dahmani, Souhayl", "de Queiroz, Mathilde", "Maria, Sophie Di", "Ecoffey, Claude", "Futier, Emmanuel", "Geeraerts, Thomas", "Jaber, Haithem", "Heyer, Laurent", "Hoteit, Rim", "Joannes-Boyau, Olivier", "Kern, Delphine", "Langeron, Olivier", "Lasocki, Sigismond", "Launey, Yoan", "Sache, Frederic le", "Lukaszewicz, Anne Claire", "Maurice-Szamburski, Axel", "Mayeur, Nicolas", "Michel, Fabrice", "Minville, Vincent", "Mirek, Sebastien", "Montravers, Philippe", "Morau, Estelle", "Muller, Laurent", "Muret, Jane", "Nouette-Gaulain, Karine", "Orban, Jean Christophe", "Orliaguet, Gilles", "Perrigault, Pierre Francois", "Plantet, Florence", "Pottecher, Julien", "Quesnel, Christophe", "Reubrecht, Vanessa", "Rozec, Bertrand", "Tavernier, Benoit", "Veber, Benoit", "Veyckmans, Francis", "Charbonneau, Helene", "Constant, Isabelle", "Frasca, Denis", "Fischer, Marc-Olivier", "Huraux, Catherine", "Blet, Alice", "Garnier, Marc"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently facing an unprecedented healthcare crisis caused by COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of these guidelines is to produce a framework to facilitate the partial and gradual resumption of intervention activity in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The group has endeavoured to produce a minimum number of recommendations to highlight the strengths to be retained in the 7 predefined areas: (1) Protection of staff and patients; (2) Benefit/Risk and Patient Information; (3) Pre-operative assessment and decision on intervention; (4) Modalities of the pre-anaesthesia consultation; (5) Specificity of anaesthesia and analgesia; (6) Dedicated circuits and (7) Containment Exit Type of Interventions. The SFAR Guideline panel provides 51 statements on anaesthesia management in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. After one round of discussion and various amendments, a strong agreement was reached for 100% of the recommendations and algorithms. We present suggestions for how the risk of transmission by and to anaesthetists can be minimised and how personal protective equipment policies relate to COVID-19 pandemic context."}, {"pmid": 32443943, "pmcid": "PMC7248684", "title": "Time for a Change: Personal Experiences With COVID-19 and Diabetes.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Best, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443943", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Personal experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32059798, "pmcid": "PMC7135082", "title": "Early lessons from the frontline of the 2019-nCoV outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Zhang, Hong"], "date": "2020-02-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32059798", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357883, "pmcid": "PMC7193541", "title": "COVID-19: where is the national ethical guidance?", "journal": "BMC Med Ethics", "authors": ["Huxtable, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357883", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322313, "pmcid": "PMC7172662", "title": "[Risks of viral contamination in healthcare professionals during laparoscopy in the Covid-19 pandemic].", "authors": ["Veziant, J", "Bourdel, N", "Slim, K"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322313", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has markedly changed our practices. This article analyses the risks of contamination among healthcare professionals (HCPs) during laparoscopic surgery on patients with Covid-19. Harmful effects of aerosols from a pneumoperitoneum with the virus present have not yet been quantified. Measures for the protection of HCPs are an extrapolation of those taken during other epidemics. They must still be mandatory to minimise the risk of viral contamination. Protection measures include personal protection equipment for HCPs, adaptation of surgical technique (method for obtaining pneumoperitoneum, filters, preferred intracorporeal anastomosis, precautions during the exsufflation of the pneumoperitoneum), and organisation of the operating room."}, {"pmid": 32334087, "pmcid": "PMC7195138", "title": "Senegal faces the coronavirus disease -19 challenge.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Sokhna, Cheikh"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334087", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329880, "title": "Short Report - Medical nutrition therapy for critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Romano, L", "Bilotta, F", "Dauri, M", "Macheda, S", "Pujia, A", "De Santis, G L", "Tarsitano, M G", "Merra, G", "Di Renzo, L", "Esposito, E", "De Lorenzo, A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329880", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No Abstract Available."}, {"pmid": 32407808, "pmcid": "PMC7212965", "title": "AGA Institute Rapid Review of the Gastrointestinal and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19, Meta-Analysis of International Data, and Recommendations for the Consultative Management of Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Sultan, Shahnaz", "Altayar, Osama", "Siddique, Shazia M", "Davitkov, Perica", "Feuerstein, Joseph D", "Lim, Joseph K", "Falck-Ytter, Yngve", "El-Serag, Hashem B"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407808", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Multiple gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, including diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as liver enzyme abnormalities, have been variably reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The American Gastroenterological Association Institute Clinical Guideline Committee and Clinical Practice Updates Committee performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of international data on GI and liver manifestations of COVID-19. We performed a systematic literature search to identify published and unpublished studies using OVID Medline and preprint servers (medRxiv, LitCovid, and SSRN [Social Science Research] up until April 5, 2020; major journal sites were monitored for US publications until April 19, 2020. We analyzed the prevalence of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as liver function tests abnormalities, using a fixed-effect model and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) framework. We identified 118 studies and used a hierarchal study selection process to identify unique cohorts. We performed a meta-analysis of 47 studies including 10,890 unique patients. Pooled prevalence estimates of GI symptoms were as follows: diarrhea 7.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.2%-8.2%), nausea/vomiting 7.8% (95% CI, 7.1%-8.5%), and abdominal pain 2.7% (95% CI, 2.0%-3.4%). Most studies reported on hospitalized patients. The pooled prevalence estimates of elevated liver abnormalities were as follows: aspartate transaminase 15.0% (95% CI, 13.6%-16.5%) and alanine transaminase 15.0% (95% CI, 13.6%-16.4%). When analyzed comparing data from China to studies from countries other than China, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and liver abnormalities were more prevalent outside of China, with diarrhea reported in 18.3% (95% CI, 16.6%-20.1%). Isolated GI symptoms were reported rarely. We also summarized the Gl and liver adverse effects of the most commonly utilized medications for COVID-19. GI symptoms are associated with COVID-19 in <10% of patients. In studies outside of China, estimates are higher. Further studies are needed with standardized GI symptoms questionnaires and liver function test checks on admission to better quantify and qualify the association of these symptoms with COVID-19. Based on findings from our meta-analysis, we provide several Best Practice Statements for the consultative management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32343366, "pmcid": "PMC7267528", "title": "Post-Acute Care Preparedness in a COVID-19 World.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Tumlinson, Anne", "Altman, William", "Glaudemans, Jon", "Gleckman, Howard", "Grabowski, David C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343366", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a surge of patients requiring post-acute care. In order to support federal, state and corporate planning, we offer a four-stage regionally oriented approach to achieving optimal systemwide resource allocation across a region's post-acute service settings and providers over time. In the first stage, the post-acute care system must, to the extent possible, help relieve acute hospitals of non-COVID-19 patients to create as much inpatient capacity as possible over the surge period. In the second stage after the initial surge as subsided, post-acute providers must protect vulnerable populations from COVID-19, prepare treat-in-place protocols for non-COVID-19 admissions, and create and formalize COVID-19 specific settings. In the third stage after a vaccine has been developed or an effective prophylactic option is available, post-acute care providers must assist with distribution and administration of vaccinations and prophylaxis, develop strategies to deliver non-COVID-19 related medical care, and begin to transition to the post-COVID-19 landscape. In the final stage, we must create health advisory bodies to review post-acute sector's response, identify opportunities to improve performance going forward, and develop a pandemic response plan for post-acute care providers."}, {"pmid": 32306492, "pmcid": "PMC7264730", "title": "D-dimer levels on admission to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Zhang, Litao", "Yan, Xinsheng", "Fan, Qingkun", "Liu, Haiyan", "Liu, Xintian", "Liu, Zejin", "Zhang, Zhenlu"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306492", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has shown a global spreading trend.\u00a0Early and effective predictors of clinical outcomes are urgently needed to improve management of Covid-19 patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether elevated D-dimer levels could predict mortality in patients with Covid-19. Patients with laboratory confirmed Covid-19 were retrospective enrolled in Wuhan Asia General Hospital from January 12, 2020, to March 15, 2020. D-dimer levels on admission and death events were collected to calculate the optimum cutoff using receiver operating characteristic\u00a0curves. According to the cutoff, the subjects were divided into two groups. Then the in-hospital mortality between two groups were compared to assess the predictive value of D-dimer level. A total of 343 eligible patients were enrolled in the study. The optimum cutoff value of D-dimer to predict in-hospital mortality was 2.0\u00a0\u00b5g/mL with a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 83.3%. There were 67 patients with D-dimer \u22652.0\u00a0\u00b5g/mL, and 267 patients with D-dimer <2.0\u00a0\u00b5g/mL on admission. 13 deaths occurred during hospitalization. Patients with D-dimer levels \u22652.0\u00a0\u00b5g/mL had a higher incidence of mortality when comparing with those who with D-dimer levels <2.0\u00a0\u00b5g/mL (12/67 vs 1/267, P\u00a0<\u00a0.001; hazard ratio, 51.5; 95% confidence interval, 12.9-206.7). D-dimer on admission greater than 2.0 \u00b5g/mL (fourfold increase) could effectively predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19, which indicated D-dimer could be an early and helpful marker to improve management of Covid-19 patients. (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031428)."}, {"pmid": 32333858, "pmcid": "PMC7176383", "title": "Screening and triage at health-care facilities in Timor-Leste during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Howitt, Rosemary", "de Jesus, Gustodio Alves", "Araujo, Flavio", "Francis, Joshua", "Marr, Ian", "McVean, Melanie", "MacMorran, Eleanor", "Rollinson, Victoria", "Chung, Antonieta", "Yip, Teem Wing"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333858", "countries": ["Timor-Leste"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511834, "title": "The covid-19 pandemic, personal protective equipment, and respirator: a narrative review.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Ha, Jennifer F"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511834", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has touched almost every continent. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is the final line of protection of healthcare workers (HCW). There is variation as well as controversy of infection control recommendation with regards to the use of PPE for HCW between institutions. The aim of this narrative review is to of examine and summarise the available evidence to guide recommendation for the safety of HCW. A literature search was conducted on the PubMed, MedLine, and Embase databases with the keywords \"personal protective equipment\", \"COVID 19\", \"n95\", \"health care worker\", and \"mortality\". SARS-nCoV-2 is highly contagious. 3.5-20% of HCW has been reported to be infected. The mortality ranges from 0.53-1.94%. PPE is part of the measure within a package of prevention and control of pandemic, rather than a replacement of. Respirators are more effective than masks in preventing aerosol transmission to HCWs. Extended use may be considered if guidelines are adhered. PAPRs if available should be used in high risk procedures. Transmission of viruses is multimodal, and in the setting of a novel pathogen with high case fatality with no proven effective interventions, PPE that affords the best protection should be available to HCWs."}, {"pmid": 32462311, "title": "COVID-19 and the need to prioritize health equity and social determinants of health.", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Takian, Amirhossein", "Kiani, Mohammad Mehdi", "Khanjankhani, Khatere"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462311", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392389, "pmcid": "PMC7272991", "title": "COVID-19 in patients with myasthenia gravis.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Anand, Pria", "Slama, Michael C C", "Kaku, Michelle", "Ong, Charlene", "Cervantes-Arslanian, Anna M", "Zhou, Lan", "David, William S", "Guidon, Amanda C"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392389", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a global pandemic, but little is known about its potential impact on patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). We studied the clinical course of COVID-19 in five hospitalized patients with autoimmune MG (four with acetylcholine receptor antibodies, one with muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibodies) between April 1, 2020-April 30-2020. Two patients required intubation for hypoxemic respiratory failure, whereas one required significant supplemental oxygen. One patient with previously stable MG had myasthenic exacerbation. One patient treated with tocilizumab for COVID-19 was successfully extubated. Two patients were treated for MG with intravenous immunoglobulin without thromboembolic complications. Our findings suggest that the clinical course and outcomes in patients with MG and COVID-19 are highly variable. Further large studies are needed to define best practices and determinants of outcomes in this unique population."}, {"pmid": 32419742, "pmcid": "PMC7225706", "title": "Acute normovolemic hemodilution for major cancer surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic: A beacon of hope.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Ni, Yan", "Xu, Zhi-Jie", "Zhang, Zhen-Feng", "Yang, Chun", "Liu, Cun-Ming", "Gui, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419742", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366614, "pmcid": "PMC7211099", "title": "Clinical time course of COVID-19, its neurological manifestation and some thoughts on its management.", "journal": "Stroke Vasc Neurol", "authors": ["Zhou, Yifan", "Li, Wei", "Wang, David", "Mao, Ling", "Jin, Huijuan", "Li, Yanan", "Hong, Candong", "Chen, Shengcai", "Chang, Jiang", "He, Quanwei", "Wang, Mengdie", "Hu, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366614", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. COVID-19 runs its course in two phases, the initial incubation phase and later clinical symptomatic phase. Patients in the initial incubation phase often have insidious clinical symptoms, but they are still highly contagious. At the later clinical symptomatic phase, the immune system is fully activated and the disease may enter the severe infection stage in this phase. Although many patients are known for their respiratory symptoms, they had neurological symptoms in their first 1-2 days of clinical symptomatic phase, and ischaemic stroke occurred 2 weeks after the onset of the clinical symptomatic phase. The key is to prevent a patient from progressing to this severe infection from mild infection. We are sharing our experience on prevention and management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32510865, "title": "Identification and management of asymptomatic carriers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China.", "journal": "Influenza Other Respir Viruses", "authors": ["Peng, Jianhui", "Su, Dongwei", "Zhang, Ziwei", "Wang, Mingke"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510865", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492165, "title": "Clinical and Immune Features of Hospitalized Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Wu, Huan", "Zhu, Hongmin", "Yuan, Chunhui", "Yao, Cong", "Luo, Wei", "Shen, Xin", "Wang, Jun", "Shao, Jianbo", "Xiang, Yun"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492165", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported, but information on immune features associated with disease severity is scarce. To delineate and compare the immunologic features of mild and moderate COVID-19 in pediatric patients. This single-center case series included 157 pediatric patients admitted to Wuhan Children's Hospital with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Data were collected from January 25 to April 18, 2020. Documented SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical and immunologic characteristics were collected and analyzed. Outcomes were observed until April 18, 2020. Of the 157 pediatric patients with COVID-19, 60 (38.2%) had mild clinical type with pneumonia, 88 (56.1%) had moderate cases, 6 (3.8%) had severe cases, and 3 (1.9%) were critically ill. The 148 children with mild or moderate disease had a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 84 (18-123) months, and 88 (59.5%) were girls. The most common laboratory abnormalities were increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (median [IQR], 16.0 [12.0-26.0] U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (median [IQR], 30.0 [23.0-41.8] U/L), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) activity (median [IQR], 24.0 [18.0-34.0] U/L), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (median [IQR], 243.0 [203.0-297.0] U/L), which are associated with liver and myocardial injury. Compared with mild cases, levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, and interferon \u03b3 were unchanged, whereas the level of immune suppressive interleukin 10 was markedly increased in moderate cases compared with mild cases (median [IQR], 3.96 [3.34-5.29] pg/mL vs 3.58 [3.10-4.36] pg/mL; P\u2009=\u2009.048). There was no statistically significant difference in absolute number of lymphocytes (including T cells and B cells) between mild and moderate cases, but moderate cases were associated with a decrease in neutrophil levels compared with mild cases (median [IQR], 2310/\u03bcL [1680/\u03bcL-3510/\u03bcL] vs 3120/\u03bcL [2040/\u03bcL-4170/\u03bcL]; P\u2009=\u2009.01). Immunoglobin G and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were negatively associated with biochemical indices related to liver and myocardial injury (immunoglobulin G, ALT: r, -0.3579; AST: r, -0.5280; CK-MB activity: r, -0.4786; LDH: r, -0.4984; and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, ALT: r, -0.1893; AST: r, -0.3912; CK-MB activity: r, -0.3428; LDH: r, -0.3234), while counts of lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, and interleukin 10 showed positive associations (lymphocytes, ALT: r, 0.2055; AST: r, 0.3615; CK-MB activity: r, 0.338; LDH: r, 0.3309; CD4+ T cells, AST: r, 0.4701; CK-MB activity: r, 0.4151; LDH: r, 0.4418; interleukin 10, ALT: r, 0.2595; AST: r, 0.3386; CK-MB activity: r, 0.3948; LDH: r, 0.3794). In this case series, systemic inflammation rarely occurred in pediatric patients with COVID-19, in contrast with the lymphopenia and aggravated inflammatory responses frequently observed in adults with COVID-19. Gaining a deeper understanding of the role of neutrophils, CD4+ T cells, and B cells in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection could be important for the clinical management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32302605, "pmcid": "PMC7194645", "title": "Global COVID-19 fatality analysis reveals Hubei-like countries potentially with severe outbreaks.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Lv, Boyan", "Li, Zhongyan", "Chen, Yajuan", "Long, Cheng", "Fu, Xinmiao"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302605", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31997618, "pmcid": "PMC6995816", "title": "The Fight against the 2019-nCoV Outbreak: an Arduous March Has Just Begun.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Yoo, Jin Hong"], "date": "2020-01-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31997618", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362061, "pmcid": "PMC7267436", "title": "Dupilumab and COVID-19: What should we expect?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Patruno, Cataldo", "Stingeni, Luca", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Hansel, Katharina", "Napolitano, Maddalena"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362061", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with high morbidity and mortality. There are very limited data on the interference of immunomodulating drugs on the risk of infection and on the course of the disease. In particular, there are no current clinical data about the interference exerted by dupilumab, a biologic drugs blocking IL-4 and IL-13, used for adult atopic dermatitis. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is complex, characterized by an immune response mainly Th1/Th17. The hyper-activation of these cells may cause the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that may result in lung impairment. IL-4 and IL-13 are Th2 cytokines, thus being part of a pathway not considered implicated in host defense mechanism against viral infections. Indeed, viral infections, including respiratory infections, have not been reported as a significant adverse event in clinical trials. Furthermore, dupilumab has been proved to be efficacious also in exacerbations of asthma, and it is known that viral infections can worsen asthma. Therefore, the current data seem to suggest that treatment with dupilumab should not be stopped during COVID-19 pandemic. Obviously, a careful assessment is mandatory for each individual patient and further studies are necessary to characterize the immunologic responses in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32456945, "pmcid": "PMC7190491", "title": "Angiotensin II suppression in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a therapeutic approach.", "journal": "Nefrologia", "authors": ["Lamas-Barreiro, Jose Maria", "Alonso-Suarez, Mario", "Fernandez-Martin, Jorge Julian", "Saavedra-Alonso, Jesus Angel"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456945", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339477, "pmcid": "PMC7182745", "title": "Inpatient Care of Patients with COVID-19: A Guide for Hospitalists.", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Yetmar, Zachary A", "Issa, Meltiady", "Munawar, Sadia", "Burton, M Caroline", "Pureza, Vincent", "Sohail, M Rizwan", "Mehmood, Tahir"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339477", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its emergence in December 2019, the virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has quickly caused a pandemic. This virus causes a disease now known as coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19. As an increasing proportion of the at-risk population becomes infected, and patients with severe illness are hospitalized, it is essential for hospitalists to remain current on how to best care for people with suspected or confirmed disease. Establishing a system for logistical planning, and accurate information sharing is strongly recommended. Infection control remains the ultimate goal. As such, health care workers should be educated on universal and isolation precautions, and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment. Social distancing should be encouraged to prevent the spread of infection, and creative and innovative ways to reduce contact may need to be considered. Moreover, it is imperative to prepare for contingencies as medical staff will inevitably get sick or become unavailable. Hospitalists have the difficult task of caring for patients while also adapting to the many logistical and social elements of a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32446708, "pmcid": "PMC7201230", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Aerosolization Box: Design Modifications for Patient Safety.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Girgis, Alexander M", "Aziz, Merna N", "Gopesh, Tilvawala C", "Friend, James", "Grant, Alex M", "Sandubrae, Jeffrey A", "Banks, Dalia A"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340892, "pmcid": "PMC7179508", "title": "Media's effect on shaping knowledge, awareness risk perceptions and communication practices of pandemic COVID-19 among pharmacists.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Karasneh, Reema", "Al-Azzam, Sayer", "Muflih, Suhaib", "Soudah, Ola", "Hawamdeh, Sahar", "Khader, Yousef"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340892", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infection of the zoonotic coronavirus, is presenting a healthcare challenge around the globe. This study aims to assess the levels of disease knowledge and risk perception among pharmacists. We also recognize predictors of risk perception and perceived media roles. Methods This is a questionnaire-base cross-sectional study. The questionnaire was developed on a web-based platform and invitations were sent to pharmacists nationwide to participate in the study using social media applications. Results A total of 486 pharmacists participated in this study, where females were dominant (78.6%, n\u00a0=\u00a0382). Most (40.4%, n\u00a0=\u00a0198) pharmacists scored 4 out of 5 in basic disease knowledge, and more than half were able to recognize common methods of spread. Risk was highly perceived among participants, and was predicted by gender, living area, and having children (p\u00a0<\u00a00,05). Frequency of watching the media and sources of information also influenced both risk perception and perceived media roles. Conclusion Disease awareness among pharmacists, as well as risk perception must be considered for effective risk communication planning. The role of media in shaping perceptions should also be carefully studied to encourage compliance with government containment measures and engagement in preventive behaviors."}, {"pmid": 32285857, "title": "Emergence of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 in China and the response in Mexico.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Diaz-Quinonez, Jose A"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285857", "countries": ["China", "Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334979, "pmcid": "PMC7195349", "title": "The pandemic of COVID-19 and its implications for the purity and authenticity of alcohol-based hand sanitizers: The health risks associated with falsified sanitizers and recommendations for regulatory and public health bodies.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman", "Al-Hemyari, Sabaa Saleh", "Shahwan, Moyad"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the beginning of the pandemic of COVID-19 throughout the world, the demand and consumption of hand sanitizers has increased, which had led to a sharp crunch in these products at all levels. This shortage has led to an increase in the prevalence of falsified alcohol-based hand sanitizers, including the illegal addition of methanol to hand sanitizers and the production of hand sanitizers with an alcohol concentration of less than 60%. These findings indicate that regulatory and public health bodies should take an active role in ensuring the safety and quality of antimicrobial products such as alcohol-based hand sanitizers at every stage of the products' lifecycle, including distribution, manufacture and import."}, {"pmid": 32048741, "pmcid": "PMC7166326", "title": "The progress of 2019 novel coronavirus event in China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Guan", "Jin, Xian"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32048741", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32195687, "pmcid": "PMC7141581", "title": "American Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology (AABIP) Statement on the Use of Bronchoscopy and Respiratory Specimen Collection in Patients with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol", "authors": ["Wahidi, Momen M", "Lamb, Carla", "Murgu, Septimiu", "Musani, Ali", "Shojaee, Samira", "Sachdeva, Ashutosh", "Maldonado, Fabien", "Mahmood, Kamran", "Kinsey, Matthew", "Sethi, Sonali", "Mahajan, Amit", "Majid, Adnan", "Keyes, Colleen", "Alraiyes, Abdul Hamid", "Sung, Arthur", "Hsia, David", "Eapen, George"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195687", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436105, "pmcid": "PMC7238403", "title": "Stroke in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: case series.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Morassi, Mauro", "Bagatto, Daniele", "Cobelli, Milena", "D'Agostini, Serena", "Gigli, Gian Luigi", "Bna, Claudio", "Vogrig, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436105", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is one of the most affected countries by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The responsible pathogen is named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia, leading to intensive care unit admission. Evidence of cerebrovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 is limited. We herein report six patients who developed acute stroke during COVID-19 infection. A retrospective case series of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on nasopharyngeal swabs, who developed clinical and neuroimaging evidence of acute stroke during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Six patients were identified (5 men); median age was 69\u00a0years (range 57-82). Stroke subtypes were ischemic (4, 67%) and hemorrhagic (2, 33%). All patients but one had pre-existing vascular risk factors. One patient developed encephalopathy prior to stroke, characterized by focal seizures and behavioral abnormalities. COVID-19-related pneumonia was severe (i.e., requiring critical care support) in 5/6 cases (83%). Liver enzyme alteration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) elevation were registered in all cases. Four patients (67%) manifested acute kidney failure prior to stroke. Four patients (67%) had abnormal coagulation tests. The outcome was poor in the majority of the patients: five died (83%) and the remaining one (17%) remained severely neurologically affected (mRS: 4). Both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke can complicate the course of COVI-19 infection. In our series, stroke developed mostly in patients with severe pneumonia and multiorgan failure, liver enzymes and LDH were markedly increased in all cases, and the outcome was poor."}, {"pmid": 32360732, "pmcid": "PMC7192077", "title": "Management of Neurosurgical Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Spina, Alfio", "Boari, Nicola", "Gagliardi, Filippo", "Bailo, Michele", "Calvanese, Francesco", "Mortini, Pietro"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360732", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330317, "pmcid": "PMC7267181", "title": "Learning at home during COVID-19: A multi-institutional virtual learning collaboration.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Zuo, Leila", "Dillman, Dawn", "Miller Juve, Amy"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330317", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355118, "pmcid": "PMC7224618", "title": "Practical Techniques to Adapt Surgical Resident Education to the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Coe, Taylor M", "Jogerst, Kristen M", "Sell, Naomi M", "Cassidy, Douglas J", "Eurboonyanun, Chalerm", "Gee, Denise", "Phitayakorn, Roy", "Petrusa, Emil"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355118", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418550, "title": "Are Iranian Sulfur mustard-exposed survivors more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2: some similarity in their pathogenesis.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Farnoosh, Gholamreza", "Ghanei, Mostafa", "Khorramdelazad, Hossein", "Alishiri, Gholamhossein", "Jalali Farahani, Alireza", "Shahriary, Alireza", "Hosseini Zijoud, Seyed Reza"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418550", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by a SARS-CoV-2 that emerged as a health problem worldwide. It seems that Covid-19 is more lethal for Iranian veterans with a history of exposure to mustard gas. There are some similarities in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and mustard gas in immune system disruption and pulmonary infection. SARS-CoV-2 and mustard gas inducing oxidative stress, immune system dysregulation, cytokine storm, and overexpression of ACE2 receptor in lungs that act as functional entry receptors for SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, Iranian survivors exposed to mustard gas are more susceptible and vulnerable to Covid-19. It is suggested that the principles of infection prevention and control in Iranian survivors exposed to mustard gas considered more than others. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the different pathologic aspects of lung injury caused by mustard gas and also the relationship between these damages and the increased susceptibility of Iranian mustard gas exposed survivors to Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32405103, "pmcid": "PMC7217641", "title": "Estimating excess 1-year mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic according to underlying conditions and age: a population-based cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Banerjee, Amitava", "Pasea, Laura", "Harris, Steve", "Gonzalez-Izquierdo, Arturo", "Torralbo, Ana", "Shallcross, Laura", "Noursadeghi, Mahdad", "Pillay, Deenan", "Sebire, Neil", "Holmes, Chris", "Pagel, Christina", "Wong, Wai Keong", "Langenberg, Claudia", "Williams, Bryan", "Denaxas, Spiros", "Hemingway, Harry"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405103", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The medical, societal, and economic impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has unknown effects on overall population mortality. Previous models of population mortality are based on death over days among infected people, nearly all of whom thus far have underlying conditions. Models have not incorporated information on high-risk conditions or their longer-term baseline (pre-COVID-19) mortality. We estimated the excess number of deaths over 1 year under different COVID-19 incidence scenarios based on varying levels of transmission suppression and differing mortality impacts based on different relative risks for the disease. In this population-based cohort study, we used linked primary and secondary care electronic health records from England (Health Data Research UK-CALIBER). We report prevalence of underlying conditions defined by Public Health England guidelines (from March 16, 2020) in individuals aged 30 years or older registered with a practice between 1997 and 2017, using validated, openly available phenotypes for each condition. We estimated 1-year mortality in each condition, developing simple models (and a tool for calculation) of excess COVID-19-related deaths, assuming relative impact (as relative risks [RRs]) of the COVID-19 pandemic (compared with background mortality) of 1\u00b75, 2\u00b70, and 3\u00b70 at differing infection rate scenarios, including full suppression (0\u00b7001%), partial suppression (1%), mitigation (10%), and do nothing (80%). We also developed an online, public, prototype risk calculator for excess death estimation. We included 3\u2008862\u2008012 individuals (1\u2008957\u2008935 [50\u00b77%] women and 1\u2008904\u2008077 [49\u00b73%] men). We estimated that more than 20% of the study population are in the high-risk category, of whom 13\u00b77% were older than 70 years and 6\u00b73% were aged 70 years or younger with at least one underlying condition. 1-year mortality in the high-risk population was estimated to be 4\u00b746% (95% CI 4\u00b741-4\u00b751). Age and underlying conditions combined to influence background risk, varying markedly across conditions. In a full suppression scenario in the UK population, we estimated that there would be two excess deaths (vs baseline deaths) with an RR of 1\u00b75, four with an RR of 2\u00b70, and seven with an RR of 3\u00b70. In a mitigation scenario, we estimated 18\u2008374 excess deaths with an RR of 1\u00b75, 36\u2008749 with an RR of 2\u00b70, and 73\u2008498 with an RR of 3\u00b70. In a do nothing scenario, we estimated 146\u2008996 excess deaths with an RR of 1\u00b75, 293\u2008991 with an RR of 2\u00b70, and 587\u2008982 with an RR of 3\u00b70. We provide policy makers, researchers, and the public a simple model and an online tool for understanding excess mortality over 1 year from the COVID-19 pandemic, based on age, sex, and underlying condition-specific estimates. These results signal the need for sustained stringent suppression measures as well as sustained efforts to target those at highest risk because of underlying conditions with a range of preventive interventions. Countries should assess the overall (direct and indirect) effects of the pandemic on excess mortality. National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Health Data Research UK."}, {"pmid": 32507464, "title": "One-Lung Ventilation: A Simple Technique to Reduce Air Contamination During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Kostroglou, Andreas", "Alevizou, Anastasia", "Sidiropoulou, Tatiana"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507464", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462177, "title": "Myocarditis detected after COVID-19 recovery.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Sardari, Akram", "Tabarsi, Payam", "Borhany, Hamed", "Mohiaddin, Raad", "Houshmand, Golnaz"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462177", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389787, "pmcid": "PMC7204684", "title": "Reactivation of COVID-19 pneumonia: A report of two cases.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Ravioli, Svenja", "Ochsner, Hannah", "Lindner, Gregor"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389787", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371025, "pmcid": "PMC7194058", "title": "How to ventilate during CPR in time of Covid-19?", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Scapigliati, Andrea", "Gulli, Antonio", "Semeraro, Federico", "Ristagno, Giuseppe", "Arlotta, Gabriella", "Bevilacqua, Francesca", "Barelli, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32078810, "pmcid": "PMC7128282", "title": "Challenges of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["The Lancet Infectious Diseases"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463288, "title": "Social representations, identity threat, and coping amid COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Jaspal, Rusi", "Nerlich, Brigitte"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article describes an integrative social psychological framework within which human reactions to COVID-19 can be understood and predicted. It is argued that social representations of COVID-19 (and its mitigation strategies) must resonate among diverse communities, not be too threatening, and provide clear pathways for action and engagement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32385368, "title": "First CRISPR test for the coronavirus approved in the United States.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Guglielmi, Giorgia"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385368", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451562, "title": "[The \"Plague Doctor's Mask\" in the German Museum for the History of Medicine, Ingolstadt].", "journal": "NTM", "authors": ["Ruisinger, Marion Maria"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451562", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper is part of Forum COVID-19: Perspectives in the Humanities and Social Sciences. The figure of the plague doctor with the beak mask has become the symbol of the plague par excellence. It's little wonder that the plague mask in the collection of the German Museum of the History of Medicine in Ingolstadt (Bavaria) is one of the museum's most popular objects and motifs. This forum paper investigates the figure of the plague doctor on several levels: first, it analyses contemporary textual and image sources in regard to protective clothing used in times of plague and the respective role of the beak-like part of the mask. Then it takes a\u00a0close look at the Ingolstadt specimen. By examining the mask's materiality and fabrication, questions of its authenticity and practicability are raised. Finally, the Ingolstadt mask is compared with the specimen at the German Historical Museum in Berlin.The conclusion: the beak mask is not mentioned before the mid-seventeenth century, and then only in Italy and Southern France. There is no proof at all of its use during plague outbreaks in Middle Europe. And the specimens in Ingolstadt and Berlin? Both masks present details which suggest that they were not used as protective clothing at all. We do not know, however, if they were produced as replicas for historic reasons or as fakes for the modern art market."}, {"pmid": 32504968, "pmcid": "PMC7262539", "title": "Medical education in the COVID-19 era: Impact on anesthesiology trainees.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Anwar, Anjum", "Seger, Christian", "Tollefson, Ashley", "Diachun, Carol Ann B", "Tanaka, Pedro", "Umar, Soban"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504968", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429101, "title": "Use of Saliva for Diagnosis and Monitoring the SARS-CoV-2: A General Perspective.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Ceron, Jose J", "Lamy, Elsa", "Martinez-Subiela, Silvia", "Lopez-Jornet, Pia", "Capela E Silva, Fernando", "Eckersall, Peter David", "Tvarijonaviciute, Asta"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429101", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this report, updated information and future perspectives about the use of saliva as a sample for laboratory analysis of the Covid-19 are highlighted. Saliva can be used for the direct detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the quantification of the specific immunoglobulins produced against it, and for the evaluation of the non-specific, innate immune response of the patient. Moreover, a deeper knowledge of potential changes in the saliva proteome in this disease may allow the identification of new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, or even help our understanding of the mechanisms associated with the disease. With the development of appropriate sample collection and processing methods and the use of adequate assays, saliva can provide useful clinical information about the disease and could be potentially included in guidelines for sample collection for the diagnosis, disease management, and control of Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32303597, "pmcid": "PMC7262228", "title": "The Role of Nuclear Medicine for COVID-19: Time to Act Now.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Juengling, Freimut D", "Maldonado, Antonio", "Wuest, Frank", "Schindler, Thomas Hellmut"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303597", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504604, "pmcid": "PMC7267800", "title": "Improved safety of endoscopic vessel harvesting during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Ali Hassan, Syed M", "Palacios, Camila Mayorga", "Ethier, Tarrah", "Bisleri, Gianluigi"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504604", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated that operating room procedures be modified to ensure the safety of staff and patients. Specifically, procedures that have the potential to create aerosolization must be reassessed, given the risk of viral transmission via aerosolization. We present the use of a non-sealed endoscopic vessel harvesting(EVH) approach during coronary surgery that does not necessitate the use of CO2 insufflation and utilizes suction through an ultra low particulate filter, thus mitigating the risk of possible viral transmission via aerosolization or surgical smoke production. This approach is technically feasible and can minimize the risk of viral transmission during EVH."}, {"pmid": 32253535, "pmcid": "PMC7134551", "title": "Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "De Siati, Daniele R", "Horoi, Mihaela", "Le Bon, Serge D", "Rodriguez, Alexandra", "Dequanter, Didier", "Blecic, Serge", "El Afia, Fahd", "Distinguin, Lea", "Chekkoury-Idrissi, Younes", "Hans, Stephane", "Delgado, Irene Lopez", "Calvo-Henriquez, Christian", "Lavigne, Philippe", "Falanga, Chiara", "Barillari, Maria Rosaria", "Cammaroto, Giovanni", "Khalife, Mohamad", "Leich, Pierre", "Souchay, Christel", "Rossi, Camelia", "Journe, Fabrice", "Hsieh, Julien", "Edjlali, Myriam", "Carlier, Robert", "Ris, Laurence", "Lovato, Andrea", "De Filippis, Cosimo", "Coppee, Frederique", "Fakhry, Nicolas", "Ayad, Tareck", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253535", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the occurrence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection were recruited from 12 European hospitals. The following epidemiological and clinical outcomes have been studied: age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidities, and general and otolaryngological symptoms. Patients completed olfactory and gustatory questionnaires based on the smell and taste component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and the short version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (sQOD-NS). A total of 417 mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients completed the study (263 females). The most prevalent general symptoms consisted of cough, myalgia, and loss of appetite. Face pain and nasal obstruction were the most disease-related otolaryngological symptoms. 85.6% and 88.0% of patients reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, respectively. There was a significant association between both disorders (p\u2009<\u20090.001). Olfactory dysfunction (OD) appeared before the other symptoms in 11.8% of cases. The sQO-NS scores were significantly lower in patients with anosmia compared with normosmic or hyposmic individuals (p\u2009=\u20090.001). Among the 18.2% of patients without nasal obstruction or rhinorrhea, 79.7% were hyposmic or anosmic. The early olfactory recovery rate was 44.0%. Females were significantly more affected by olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions than males (p\u2009=\u20090.001). Olfactory and gustatory disorders are prevalent symptoms in European COVID-19 patients, who may not have nasal symptoms. The sudden anosmia or ageusia need to be recognized by the international scientific community as important symptoms of the COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32398878, "pmcid": "PMC7215136", "title": "'Test, re-test, re-test': using inaccurate tests to greatly increase the accuracy of COVID-19 testing.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Ramdas, Kamalini", "Darzi, Ara", "Jain, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398878", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32023685, "title": "[Potential antiviral therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, H", "Wang, Y M", "Xu, J Y", "Cao, B"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023685", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, China is caused by a novel coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV, which is genetically close to a bat-derived coronavirus. 2019-nCoV is categorized as beta genus coronavirus, same as the two other strains - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Antiviral drugs commonly used in clinical practice, including neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, paramivir, zanamivir, etc.), ganciclovir, acyclovir and ribavirin, are invalid for 2019-nCoV and not recommended. Drugs are possibly effective for 2019-nCoV include: remdesivir, lopinavir / ritonavir, lopinavir / ritonavir combined with interferon-\u03b2, convalescent plasma, and monoclonal antibodies. But the efficacy and safety of these drugs for 2019-nCoV pneumonia patients need to be assessed by further clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32518147, "title": "Tapia syndrome at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: Lower cranial neuropathy following prolonged intubation.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Decavel, Pierre", "Petit, Carine", "Tatu, Laurent"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518147", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526541, "title": "Pediatric otolaryngology workflow changes in a community hospital setting to decrease exposure to novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Mukerji, Shraddha Siddharth", "Liu, Yi-Chun Carol", "Musso, Mary Frances"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526541", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To develop a workflow algorithm for physicians and staff to decrease cross contamination and minimize exposure to Coronavirus Disease -19 (COVID-19) in pediatric otolaryngology at a community pediatric hospital. PubMed and Google Scholar searches were carried out using the keywords. Pertinent clinical information related to pediatric otolaryngology was reviewed from journals, Texas Medical Board guidelines as well as institutional guidelines. Updated information from the Centers for Disease Control through social media was identified via Google search. Safety measures and clinical work-flow protocols were developed to protect patients, families, and staff. Protocols included a rotation schedule for providers and ancillary staff, guidelines for in-clinic visits and alteration to surgical block and surgical case cadence to minimize exposure of providers and staff to COVID-19. Algorithms and guidelines were reviewed and revisions made at each phase of the pandemic related to in-clinic visits, telemedicine visits, and surgical cases. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, otolaryngologists and pediatric otolaryngologists are amongst sub-specialties with an increased risk of exposure. It is imperative that a modification in clinical workflow is created to minimize the risk of exposure to providers and staff while continuing to provide care to patients. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve and change rapidly. The described guidelines and workflow algorithm serve as tools to help pediatric otolaryngologists protect themselves and their staff and patients during this global crisis."}, {"pmid": 32519912, "title": "Effects of altered photoperiod due to COVID-19 lockdown on pregnant women and their fetuses.", "journal": "Chronobiol Int", "authors": ["Bagci, S", "Sabir, H", "Muller, A", "Reiter, R J"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Maternal circadian rhythms provide highly important input into the entrainment and programming of fetal and newborn circadian rhythms. The light-dark cycle is an important regulator of the internal biological clock. Even though pregnant women spend a greater part of the day at home during the latter stages of pregnancy, natural light exposure is crucial for the fetus. The current recommended COVID-19 lockdown might dramatically alter normal environmental lighting conditions of pregnant women, resulting in exposure to extremely low levels of natural daylight and high-intensity artificial light sources during both day and night. This article summarizes the potential effects on pregnant woman and their fetuses due to prolonged exposure to altered photoperiod and as consequence altered circadian system, known as chronodisruption, that may result from the COVID-19 lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32347895, "pmcid": "PMC7191468", "title": "Internet Searches for Unproven COVID-19 Therapies in the United States.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Liu, Michael", "Caputi, Theodore L", "Dredze, Mark", "Kesselheim, Aaron S", "Ayers, John W"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347895", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291402, "pmcid": "PMC7155951", "title": "Taking the right measures to control COVID-19 in ophthalmology: the experience of a tertiary eye care referral center in Italy.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Borrelli, Enrico", "Sacconi, Riccardo", "Querques, Lea", "Zucchiatti, Ilaria", "Prascina, Francesco", "Bandello, Francesco", "Querques, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291402", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446399, "pmcid": "PMC7241973", "title": "The plight of essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446399", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32052918, "pmcid": "PMC7165502", "title": "The 2019 coronavirus: Learning curves, lessons, and the weakest link.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Stein, Richard Albert"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32052918", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31943059, "pmcid": "PMC7107534", "title": "Pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China: potential for international spread via commercial air travel.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Bogoch, Isaac I", "Watts, Alexander", "Thomas-Bachli, Andrea", "Huber, Carmen", "Kraemer, Moritz U G", "Khan, Kamran"], "date": "2020-01-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31943059", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is currently an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China. Although there are still several unanswered questions about this infection, we evaluate the potential for international dissemination of this disease via commercial air travel should the outbreak continue."}, {"pmid": 32259373, "pmcid": "PMC7262363", "title": "Cytologic and histologic samples from patients infected by the novel coronavirus 2019 SARS-CoV-2: An Italian institutional experience focusing on biosafety procedures.", "journal": "Cancer Cytopathol", "authors": ["Rossi, Esther Diana", "Fadda, Guido", "Mule, Antonino", "Zannoni, Gian Franco", "Rindi, Guido"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259373", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China, spread around the globe with dramatic and lethal effects. From the initial Chinese epicenter, the European diaspora taxed the resources of several countries and especially those of Italy, which was forced into a complete social and economic shutdown. Infection by droplets contaminating hands and surfaces represents the main vehicle of diffusion of the virus. The common and strong efforts to contain the pandemic have relevant effects on the management of samples from histopathology laboratories. The current commentary reports and focuses on the protocols and guidelines in use at a large tertiary Italian hospital that accordingly are proposed for adoption in Italian laboratories as a potential model for national guidelines for the coronavirus emergency."}, {"pmid": 32250460, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Papa, Stella M", "Brundin, Patrik", "Fung, Victor S C", "Kang, Un Jung", "Burn, David J", "Colosimo, Carlo", "Chiang, Han-Lin", "Alcalay, Roy N", "Trenkwalder, Claudia"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460395, "title": "Focus on kidney disease among the coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A comparative perspective between China, Italy and the United States.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Chen, Lu", "Guo, Caixia"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460395", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread to more than 200 countries and areas. As of May 11, 2020, more than 4 million cases have been confirmed globally and more than 280000 deaths have been recorded. In China, Italy and America, the mortality was 5.5% (4644/84451), 14.0% (30739/219814) and 6.1% (78652/1298287), respectively.1."}, {"pmid": 32416124, "pmcid": "PMC7234948", "title": "Cardiac troponins predict mortality in patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis of adjusted risk estimates.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Vrsalovic, Mislav", "Vrsalovic Presecki, Ana"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416124", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493967, "title": "Global supply-chain effects of COVID-19 control measures.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Guan, Dabo", "Wang, Daoping", "Hallegatte, Stephane", "Davis, Steven J", "Huo, Jingwen", "Li, Shuping", "Bai, Yangchun", "Lei, Tianyang", "Xue, Qianyu", "Coffman, D'Maris", "Cheng, Danyang", "Chen, Peipei", "Liang, Xi", "Xu, Bing", "Lu, Xiaosheng", "Wang, Shouyang", "Hubacek, Klaus", "Gong, Peng"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493967", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Countries have sought to stop the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by severely restricting travel and in-person commercial activities. Here, we analyse the supply-chain effects of a set of idealized lockdown scenarios, using the latest global trade modelling framework. We find that supply-chain losses that are related to initial COVID-19 lockdowns are largely dependent on the number of countries imposing restrictions and that losses are more sensitive to the duration of a lockdown than its strictness. However, a longer containment that can eradicate the disease imposes a smaller loss than shorter ones. Earlier, stricter and shorter lockdowns can minimize overall losses. A 'go-slow' approach to lifting restrictions may reduce overall damages if it avoids the need for further lockdowns. Regardless of the strategy, the complexity of global supply chains will magnify losses beyond the direct effects of COVID-19. Thus, pandemic control is a public good that requires collective efforts and support to lower-capacity countries."}, {"pmid": 32451194, "pmcid": "PMC7200381", "title": "Lung Ultrasound in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure Reduces Conventional Imaging and Health Care Provider Exposure to COVID-19.", "journal": "Ultrasound Med Biol", "authors": ["Mongodi, Silvia", "Orlando, Anita", "Arisi, Eric", "Tavazzi, Guido", "Santangelo, Erminio", "Caneva, Luca", "Pozzi, Marco", "Pariani, Eleonora", "Bettini, Giada", "Maggio, Giuseppe", "Perlini, Stefano", "Preda, Lorenzo", "Iotti, Giorgio Antonio", "Mojoli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451194", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung ultrasound gained a leading position in the last year as an imaging technique for the assessment and management of patients with acute respiratory failure. In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), its role may be of further importance because it is performed bedside and may limit chest X-ray and the need for transport to radiology for computed tomography (CT) scan. Since February 21, we progressively turned into a coronavirus-dedicated intensive care unit and applied an ultrasound-based approach to avoid traditional imaging and limit contamination as much as possible. We performed a complete daily examination with lung ultrasound score computation and systematic search of complications (pneumothorax, ventilator-associated pneumonia); on-duty physicians were free to perform CT or chest X-ray when deemed indicated. We compared conventional imaging exams performed in the first 4 wk of the COVID-19 epidemic with those in the same time frame in 2019: there were 84 patients in 2020 and 112 in 2019; 64 and 22 (76.2% vs. 19.6%, p < 0.001) had acute respiratory failure, respectively, of which 55 (85.9%) were COVID-19 in 2020. When COVID-19 patients in 2020 were compared with acute respiratory failure patients in 2019, the median number of chest X-rays was 1.0 (1.0-2.0) versus 3.0 (1.0-4.0) (p\u202f=\u202f0.0098); 2 patients 2 (3.6%) versus 7 patients (31.8%) had undergone at least one thoracic CT scan (p\u202f=\u202f0.001). A self-imposed ultrasound-based approach reduces the number of chest X-rays and thoracic CT scans in COVID-19 patients compared with patients with standard acute respiratory failure, thus reducing the number of health care providers exposed to possible contamination and sparing personal protective equipment."}, {"pmid": 32226823, "pmcid": "PMC7050114", "title": "The novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Zhu, Hengbo", "Wei, Li", "Niu, Ping"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226823", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, or COVID-19) epidemic first broke out in Wuhan and has been spreading in whole China and the world. The numbers of new infections and deaths in Wuhan are still increasing, which have posed major public health and governance concerns. A series of mandatory actions have been taken by the municipal and provincial governments supported by the central government, such as measures to restrict travels across cities, case detection and contact tracing, quarantine, guidance and information to the public, detection kit development, etc. Challenges such as lacking effective drugs, insufficient hospital services and medical supplies, logistics, etc. have much alleviated with the solidarity of the whole society. The pandemic will definitely be ended with the continuous efforts of both national and international multi-sectoral bodies."}, {"pmid": 32203371, "title": "Coronavirus lockdown: What I learnt when I shut my cancer lab in 48 hours.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Bardelli, Alberto"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203371", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357978, "title": "COVID-19 Curbside Consults at www.CCJM.org.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Mandell, Brian F"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357978", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384251, "title": "The Value of Remote Monitoring for the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Watson, Andrew R", "Wah, Robert", "Thamman, Ritu"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    COVID-19 has created the need for population-level screening, and telemedicine is ideally positioned to enable this. As telemedicine has evolved over the last decade, remote monitoring emerged as a new and powerful modality. COVID-19 requires scaled interactions with populations in near real-time. Remote monitoring has specific operational and design features that are well suited for the COVID-19, especially the asynchronous communication. Monitoring can be used in particular to gather pandemic data and obtain real-time clinical feedback. As telemedicine continues to grow and evolve, remote monitoring is emerging as a valuable tool for payers, providers, and public health officials alike.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32337790, "pmcid": "PMC7267503", "title": "Severe COVID-19 in a renal transplant recipient: A focus on pharmacokinetics.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Meziyerh, Soufian", "Zwart, Tom C", "van Etten, Ronald W", "Janson, Jeroen A", "van Gelder, Teun", "Alwayn, Ian P J", "de Fijter, Johan W", "Reinders, Marlies E J", "Moes, Dirk J A R", "de Vries, Aiko P J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337790", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires extra attention for immunocompromised patients, including solid organ transplant recipients. We report on a case of a 35-year-old renal transplant recipient who suffered from a severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The clinical course was complicated by extreme overexposure to the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus, following coadministration of chloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir therapy. The case is illustrative for dilemmas that transplant professionals may face in the absence of evidence-based COVID-19 therapy and concurrent pressure for exploration of experimental pharmacological treatment options. However, the risk-benefit balance of experimental or off-label therapy may be weighed differently in organ transplant recipients than in otherwise healthy COVID-19 patients, owing to their immunocompromised status and potential drug interactions with immunosuppressive therapy. With this case report, we aimed to achieve increased awareness and improved management of drug-drug interactions associated with the various treatment options for COVID-19 in renal transplant patients."}, {"pmid": 32398296, "pmcid": "PMC7236824", "title": "Arterial hypertension and the risk of severity and mortality of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Leiva Sisnieguez, C E", "Espeche, W G", "Salazar, M R"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398296", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253771, "pmcid": "PMC7262106", "title": "Daily medical education for confined students during COVID-19 pandemic: A simple videoconference solution.", "journal": "Clin Anat", "authors": ["Moszkowicz, David", "Duboc, Henri", "Dubertret, Caroline", "Roux, Damien", "Bretagnol, Frederic"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253771", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has recently spread globally and is now a pandemic. As a result, university hospitals have had to take unprecedented measures of containment, including asking nonessential staff to stay at home. Medical students practicing in the surgical departments find themselves idle, as nonurgent surgical activity has been canceled, until further notice. Likewise, universities are closed and medical training for students is likely to suffer if teachers do not implement urgent measures to provide continuing education. Thus, we sought to set up a daily medical education procedure for surgical students confined to their homes. We report a simple and free teaching method intended to compensate for the disappearance of daily lessons performed in the surgery department using the Google Hangouts application. This video conference method can be applied to clinical as well as anatomy lessons."}, {"pmid": 32338400, "pmcid": "PMC7267278", "title": "Access to evidence-based care for eating disorders during the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Weissman, Ruth S", "Bauer, Stephanie", "Thomas, Jennifer J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338400", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has forced an abrupt change in the delivery of clinical services, including for individuals with an eating disorder. We present this Virtual Issue as a resource for the eating disorder community to showcase research published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders that provides information on effective strategies to help address the challenges arising from COVID-19-related disruptions. Articles included describe original research or systematic reviews on obstacles to health services use and strategies to improve access to care; technological tools to provide or enhance interventions; patients' and clinicians' attitudes or perspectives on using digital tools for clinical care; factors influencing therapeutic alliance; and ideas for improving reach and uptake of digital interventions. We hope that readers will find ways to observe and record their own experiences during this global crisis; the experiences of people at risk for developing or exhibiting an eating disorder; and the experiences of those who care for people with an eating disorder. These lived experiences will be invaluable in formulating hypotheses for future studies in service of advancing the understanding of eating disorders and improving interventions and policies for reducing the burden of suffering attributable to eating disorders."}, {"pmid": 32433162, "pmcid": "PMC7268845", "title": "FDG PET/CT in Diagnosing COVID-19 Infection in a Cancer Patient With Exposure History But Minimal Symptoms.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Chuang, Hubert H", "Emery, Dustin J", "Campbell, Richelle Millican", "Lu, Yang"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433162", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 56-year-old woman with high-grade neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma had known contact history of COVID-19 about 16 days prior to the restaging PET/CT. The patient was instructed to self-quarantine for 14 days, and no COVID-19 test was performed. Upon arrival, the patient had low-grade fever of 37.1\u00b0C, but did not meet infection control criteria for COVID-19 testing, and it was approved to proceed with PET/CT. The FDG PET/CT images revealed new multifocal hypermetabolic bilateral pulmonary ground-glass opacities that are suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia. Meanwhile, the patient's symptoms worsened, and a blood test later confirmed COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32456767, "title": "Anakinra in COVID-19 therapy: what have we learned from adult-onset Still's disease?", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Bilia, Silvia", "Giannini, Daiana", "Rizzelli, Grazia Maria Luisa", "Tavoni, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456767", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520284, "title": "Trends in the prevalence of COVID-19 infection in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: repeated serological surveys.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Hallal, Pedro Curi", "Horta, Bernardo L", "Barros, Aluisio J D", "Dellagostin, Odir A", "Hartwig, Fernando P", "Pellanda, Lucia C", "Struchiner, Claudio Jose", "Burattini, Marcelo N", "Silveira, Mariangela Freitas da", "Menezes, Ana M B", "Barros, Fernando C", "Victora, Cesar Gomes"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520284", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the disease produced by the virus SARS-CoV-2, has spread quickly throughout the world, leading the World Health Organization to first classify it as an international health emergency and, subsequently, declaring it pandemic. The number of confirmed cases, as April 11, surpassed 1,700,000, but this figure does not reflect the prevalence of COVID-19 in the population as, in many countries, tests are almost exclusively performed in people with symptoms, particularly severe cases. To properly assess the magnitude of the problem and to contribute to the design of evidence-based policies for fighting COVID-19, one must accurately estimate the population prevalence of infection. Our study is aimed at estimating the prevalence of infected individuals in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, to document how fast the infection spreads, and to estimate the proportion of infected persons who present or presented symptoms, as well as the proportion of asymptomatic infections. Four repeated serological surveys will be conducted in probability samples of nine sentinel cities every two weeks. Tests will be performed in 4,500 participants in each survey, totaling18,000 interviews. Interviews and tests will be conducted at the participants' household. A rapid test for the detection of antibodies will be used; the test was validated prior to the beginning of the fieldwork."}, {"pmid": 32518103, "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with leptomeningeal enhancement following SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Sancho-Saldana, Agustin", "Lambea-Gil, Alvaro", "Liesa, Jose Luis Capablo", "Caballo, Maria Rosario Barrena", "Garay, Maria Haddad", "Celada, David Rivero", "Serrano-Ponz, Marta"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518103", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) typically present with respiratory symptoms, but little is known about the disease's potential neurological complications.We report a case of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) following a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, in association with leptomeningeal enhancement. A 56-year-old woman presented with recent unsteadiness and paraesthesia in both hands. Fifteen days earlier, she complained of fever, dry cough and shortness of breath. Her chest X-ray showed a lobar consolidation and PCR was positive for SARS-CoV-2; she was admitted due to mild COVID-19 pneumonia.In the first 48 hours of hospitalisation, she started to experience lumbar pain and weakness of the proximal lower extremities, progressing to bilateral facial nerve palsy, oropharyngeal weakness and severe proximal tetraparesis with cervical flexion 2/5 on the MRC scale. A full spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed a brainstem and cervical leptomeningeal enhancement. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed albumin-cytological dissociation. Microbiological studies on CSF, including SARS-CoV-2, were negative. Nerve conduction studies were consistent with demyelinating neuropathy. She was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, with significant neurological improvement noted over the next 2 weeks. Leptomeningeal enhancement is an atypical feature in GBS, but could be a marker of its association with SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32460543, "title": "Personal Experiences With COVID-19 and Diabetes Technology: All for Technology Yet Not Technology for All.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Monaghan, Maureen", "Marks, Brynn"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460543", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440461, "pmcid": "PMC7209870", "title": "Coronavirus and the Responsibility of Plastic Surgeons.", "journal": "Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open", "authors": ["Teven, Chad M", "Rebecca, Alanna"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440461", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358869, "pmcid": "PMC7261994", "title": "Itch in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: An unfolding scenario.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Stefaniak, Aleksandra A", "Bialynicki-Birula, Rafal", "Krajewski, Piotr K", "Matusiak, Lukasz", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Szepietowski, Jacek C"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358869", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, that broke out in December 2019. In just 4 months it has spread to almost every country in the world and up to April 18, 2020, the virus has infected more than two million people. Itch is the most common symptom in dermatology and a frequent one of systemic diseases. The association of itch and viral diseases has been widely documented; however, the actual prevalence of itch in the patients suffering from new the SARS-CoV-2 infection is still unknown. In this paper, we present a review of the available literature on the topic of itch in the affected population. Moreover, we have also analyzed different aspects of itch associated with COVID-19 pandemic, not directly related to the viral infection. Those included use of chemicals, hand sanitizers, common use of personal protective equipment and psychosocial stress."}, {"pmid": 32423569, "pmcid": "PMC7174180", "title": "From empiricism to scientific evidence in antiviral treatment in severe cases of coronavirus infection in times of epidemic.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Estella, A", "Garnacho-Montero, J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423569", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498612, "title": "Letter to the Editor: Robot-Assisted and Minimally Invasive Pediatric Surgery and Urology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Short Literature Review.", "journal": "J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A", "authors": ["Esposito, Ciro", "Masieri, Lorenzo", "Castagnetti, Marco", "Crocetto, Felice", "Escolino, Maria"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has dramatically impacted our activities of pediatric surgeons and urologists over the past 3 months, especially in the field of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and robotics. Analyzing the available literature, there is very scarce evidence regarding the use of MIS and robotics for treatment of pediatric surgical and urological pathologies during this pandemic. However, we found some useful information that we would like to share with other pediatric surgeons and urologists through this journal. Based upon the available data, we believe that surgery should only be performed in pediatric patients with emergent/urgent and oncological indications until resolution of the COVID-19 outbreak. Robotics and MIS may be safely performed in such selected children by adopting specific technical precautions such as prevention of aerosol dispersion using filters/suction or adapted systems and appropriate use of electrocautery and other sealing devices for reduction of surgical smoke, as reported in our recent experience. Another key point to manage this pandemic emergency is that all hospitals should provide health care professionals with adequate individual protections and perform universal screening in all patients undergoing surgery. Considering that this pandemic is a rapidly evolving situation with new information available daily, these data resulting from the analysis of literature focused on pediatric robotics and MIS may be further revised and updated."}, {"pmid": 32526208, "title": "Structural Basis for RNA Replication by the SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Wang, Quan", "Wu, Jiqin", "Wang, Haofeng", "Gao, Yan", "Liu, Qiaojie", "Mu, An", "Ji, Wenxin", "Yan, Liming", "Zhu, Yan", "Zhu, Chen", "Fang, Xiang", "Yang, Xiaobao", "Huang, Yucen", "Gao, Hailong", "Liu, Fengjiang", "Ge, Ji", "Sun, Qianqian", "Yang, Xiuna", "Xu, Wenqing", "Liu, Zhijie", "Yang, Haitao", "Lou, Zhiyong", "Jiang, Biao", "Guddat, Luke W", "Gong, Peng", "Rao, Zihe"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526208", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nucleotide analog inhibitors, including broad-spectrum remdesivir and favipiravir, have shown promise in in\u00a0vitro assays and some clinical studies for COVID-19 treatment, this despite an incomplete mechanistic understanding of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase nsp12 drug interactions. Here, we examine the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA replication by determining the cryo-EM structures of the stalled pre- and post- translocated polymerase complexes. Compared with the apo complex, the structures show notable structural rearrangements happening to nsp12 and its co-factors nsp7 and nsp8 to accommodate the nucleic acid, whereas there are highly conserved residues in nsp12, positioning the template and primer for an in-line attack on the incoming nucleotide. Furthermore, we investigate the inhibition mechanism of the triphosphate metabolite of remdesivir through structural and kinetic analyses. A transition model from the nsp7-nsp8 hexadecameric primase complex to the nsp12-nsp7-nsp8 polymerase complex is also proposed to provide clues for the understanding of the coronavirus transcription and replication machinery."}, {"pmid": 32324459, "title": "COVID-19 and palliative care.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Peate, Ian"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324459", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514019, "title": "Introducing the Zoom interview: tips for job hunting during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Fouda, Abdelrahman Y"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514019", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334162, "pmcid": "PMC7195034", "title": "Correlation between climate indicators and COVID-19 pandemic in New York, USA.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Bashir, Muhammad Farhan", "Ma, Benjiang", "Bilal", "Komal, Bushra", "Bashir, Muhammad Adnan", "Tan, Duojiao", "Bashir, Madiha"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334162", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study analyzed the association between COVID-19 and climate indicators in New York City, USA. We used secondary published data from New York city health services and National weather service, USA. The climate indicators included in the study are average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, rainfall, average humidity, wind speed, and air quality. Kendall and Spearman rank correlation tests were chosen for data analysis. We find that average temperature, minimum temperature, and air quality were significantly associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study will help World Health Organization and health regulators such as Center for Disease Control (CDC) to combat COVID-19 in New York and the rest of the world."}, {"pmid": 32478867, "title": "Management of primary skin cancer during a pandemic: Multidisciplinary recommendations.", "journal": "Cancer", "authors": ["Baumann, Brian C", "MacArthur, Kelly M", "Brewer, Jerry D", "Mendenhall, William M", "Barker, Christopher A", "Etzkorn, Jeremy R", "Jellinek, Nathaniel J", "Scott, Jeffrey F", "Gay, Hiram A", "Baumann, John C", "Manian, Farrin A", "Devlin, Phillip M", "Michalski, Jeff M", "Lee, Nancy Y", "Thorstad, Wade L", "Wilson, Lynn D", "Perez, Carlos A", "Miller, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478867", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, providers and patients must engage in shared decision making regarding the pros and cons of early versus delayed interventions for localized skin cancer. Patients at highest risk of COVID-19 complications are older; are immunosuppressed; and have diabetes, cancer, or cardiopulmonary disease, with multiple comorbidities associated with worse outcomes. Physicians must weigh the patient's risk of COVID-19 complications in the event of exposure against the risk of worse oncologic outcomes from delaying cancer therapy. Herein, the authors have summarized current data regarding the risk of COVID-19 complications and mortality based on age and comorbidities and have reviewed the literature assessing how treatment delays affect oncologic outcomes. They also have provided multidisciplinary recommendations regarding the timing of local therapy for early-stage skin cancers during this pandemic with input from experts at 11 different institutions. For patients with Merkel cell carcinoma, the authors recommend prioritizing treatment, but a short delay can be considered for patients with favorable T1 disease who are at higher risk of COVID-19 complications. For patients with melanoma, the authors recommend delaying the treatment of patients with T0 to T1 disease for 3\u00a0months if there is no macroscopic residual disease at the time of biopsy. Treatment of tumors \u2265T2 can be delayed for 3\u00a0months if the biopsy margins are negative. For patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, those with Brigham and Women's Hospital T1 to T2a disease can have their treatment delayed for 2 to 3\u00a0months unless there is rapid growth, symptomatic lesions, or the patient is immunocompromised. The treatment of tumors \u2265T2b should be prioritized, but a 1-month to 2-month delay is unlikely to worsen disease-specific mortality. For patients with squamous cell carcinoma in situ and basal cell carcinoma, treatment can be deferred for 3\u00a0months unless the individual is highly symptomatic."}, {"pmid": 32299993, "title": "Covid-19 has changed how we teach students.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Bowen, Mark"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299993", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413270, "pmcid": "PMC7240309", "title": "Information Sharing in the School Setting During a Public Health Emergency.", "journal": "NASN Sch Nurse", "authors": ["Baker, Christina", "Galemore, Cynthia A", "Lowrey, Kerri McGowan"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413270", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 is the federal law that protects the privacy of personally identifiable information from student education records and applies to all education entities that receive funding under any program administered by the U.S. Department of Education. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 is the federal law that establishes privacy requirements for patients' protected health information. Together these privacy laws establish rules that guide school nurses in the sharing of student information, even in times of public health emergencies. The U.S. Department of Education and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services have issued special updates to privacy laws in response to the Novel Coronavirus Disease providing certain waivers of typical privacy requirements and direction to allow the sharing of information during this public health emergency. The purpose of this article is to briefly review the privacy laws as they relate to schools, as well as to provide an overview of the recent waivers to assist school nurses, school administrators, healthcare professionals, and public health agencies in protecting the health and safety of students during this current public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32487985, "title": "[Delivery of oral health in andalusian health service on the de-escalation of SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Rev Esp Salud Publica", "authors": ["Exposito Delgado, Antonio", "Visuerte Sanchez, Jose Manuel", "Soto Ibarreta, Maria Teresa", "Hernandez Nieto, Josefina", "Cervino Ferradanes, Santiago"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487985", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic declared by SARS-CoV-2 has meant a crisis in the health system that forced the urgent implementation of preventive public health measures. The respiratory transmission virus remains stable on surfaces, being able to spread by air in respiratory droplets or in procedures that generate aerosols. Dental activity is one of the professional sectors with the highest exposure index, both due to the generation of aerosols in most interventions, as well as the impossibility of maintaining a safe distance between patients and professionals. The postponement of scheduled and non-urgent healthcare activities in dental offices is one of the measures implemented to reduce the risk that it posed for the health and well-being of citizens. This report addresses the recommendations and measures to be taken into account to minimize risks in the Oral Health Units of the Andalusian Public Health System, to address the oral pathology of the population assigned in the scenario of improvement of the pandemic and its partial lack of confinement."}, {"pmid": 32475799, "pmcid": "PMC7245199", "title": "A case of COVID-19 with long duration of viral shedding.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Wang, Changtai", "Xu, Mengyuan", "Zhang, Zhenhua"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475799", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441935, "title": "A Reverse-Transcription Recombinase-Aided Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Anal Chem", "authors": ["Xue, Guanhua", "Li, Shaoli", "Zhang, Weiwei", "Du, Bing", "Cui, Jinghua", "Yan, Chao", "Huang, Lei", "Chen, Lu", "Zhao, Linqing", "Sun, Yu", "Li, Nannan", "Zhao, Hanqing", "Feng, Yanling", "Liu, Shiyu", "Zhang, Qun", "Xie, Xianghui", "Liu, Di", "Yao, Hailan", "Yuan, Jing"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441935", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was recently identified in patients with acute respiratory disease and spread quickly worldwide. A specific and rapid diagnostic method is important for early identification. The reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) assay is a rapid detection method for several pathogens. Assays were performed within 5-15\u2009min as a one-step single tube reaction at 39 \u00b0C. In this study, we established two RT-RAA assays for the S and orf1ab gene of SARS-CoV-2 using clinical specimens for validation. The analytical sensitivity of the RT-RAA assay was 10 copies for the S and one copy for the orf1ab gene per reaction. Cross-reactions were not observed with any of the other respiratory pathogens. A hundred percent agreement between the RT-RAA and real-time PCR assays was accomplished after testing 120 respiratory specimens. These results demonstrate that the proposed RT-RAA assay will be beneficial as it is a faster, more sensitive, and more specific tool for the detection of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32305321, "pmcid": "PMC7159865", "title": "Corrigendum to \"World Health Organization declares Global Emergency: A review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)\" [Int. J. Surg. 76 (2020) 71-76].", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Sohrabi, Catrin", "Alsafi, Zaid", "O'Neill, Niamh", "Khan, Mehdi", "Kerwan, Ahmed", "Al-Jabir, Ahmed", "Iosifidis, Christos", "Agha, Riaz"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305321", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471930, "title": "Reconfiguring the scope and practice of regional anesthesia in a pandemic: the COVID-19 perspective.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Ashokka, Balakrishnan", "Chakraborty, Arunangshu", "Subramanian, Balavenkat J", "Karmakar, Manoj Kumar", "Chan, Vincent"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471930", "countries": ["Singapore", "India", "Canada", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is on the world. While many countries have imposed general lockdown, emergency services are continuing. Healthcare professionals have been infected with the virulent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS), which spreads by close contact and aerosols. The anesthesiologist is particularly vulnerable to aerosols while performing intubation and other airway related procedures. Regional anesthesia (RA) minimizes the need for airway manipulation and the risks of cross infection to other patients, and the healthcare personnel. In this context, for prioritizing RA over general anesthesia, wherever possible, a structured algorithmic approach is outlined. The role of percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (oxygen saturation), blood pressure and early use of point-of-care ultrasound in differential diagnosis and specific management is detailed. The perioperative anesthetic implications of multisystem manifestations of COVID-19, anesthetic management options, the scope of RA and considerations for its safe conduct in operating rooms is described. An outline for safe and rapid training of healthcare personnel, with an Entrustable Professional Activity framework for ascertaining the practice readiness among trained residents for RA in COVID-19, is suggested. These are the authors' experiences gained from the current pandemic and similar SARS, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and influenza outbreaks in recent past faced by our authors in Singapore, India, Hong Kong and Canada."}, {"pmid": 32357277, "pmcid": "PMC7267310", "title": "Mitigation of head and neck cancer service disruption during COVID-19 in Hong Kong through telehealth and multi-institutional collaboration.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Lee, Alex K F", "Cho, Ryan H W", "Lau, Eric H L", "Cheng, Hung K", "Wong, Eddy W Y", "Ku, Peter K M", "Chan, Jason Y K", "Yeung, Zenon W C"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357277", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been spreading worldwide at an alarming rate. Health-care workers have been confronted with the challenge of not only treating patients with the virus, but also managing the disruption of health-care services caused by COVID-19. In anticipation of outbreak, clinic sessions and operation theater lists have been actively cut back since February 2020 to reduce hospital admissions and clinic attendances. This has severely disrupted health-care services, leading to accumulating clinic caseload and substantial delays for operations. The head and neck cancer service has been faced with the difficult task of managing the balance between infection risk to health-care providers and the risk of disease progression from prolonged waiting times. We share our experience in Hong Kong on the mitigation of head and neck cancer service disruption through telehealth and multi-institution collaboration."}, {"pmid": 32533110, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 has a sweet tooth.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Cavounidis, Athena", "Mann, Elizabeth H"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533110", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474145, "pmcid": "PMC7256515", "title": "COVID-19-RELATED AORTIC THROMBOSIS: A REPORT OF FOUR CASES.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Gomez-Arbelaez, Diego", "Ibarra-Sanchez, Gabriela", "Garcia-Gutierrez, Ania", "Comanges-Yeboles, Alejandra", "Ansuategui-Vicente, Marina", "Gonzalez-Fajardo, Jose Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474145", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 may predispose patients to an increased risk of thrombotic complications through various pathophysiological mechanisms. Most of the reports on a high incidence of thrombotic complications are in relation to deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, while the evidence about arterial thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 is limited. We describe four cases of aortic thrombosis and associated ischemic complications in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32387534, "pmcid": "PMC7202833", "title": "Dietary management of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Groetch, Marion", "Durban, Raquel", "Meyer, Rosan", "Venter, Carina", "Nowak-Wegrzyn, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387534", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303730, "title": "Coronavirus diaries: to be a scientist.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tregoning, John"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303730", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286245, "title": "Hematologic, biochemical and immune biomarker abnormalities associated with severe illness and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon Michael", "de Oliveira, Maria Helena Santos", "Benoit, Stefanie", "Plebani, Mario", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286245", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic rages on, there is urgent need for identification of clinical and laboratory predictors for progression towards severe and fatal forms of this illness. In this study we aimed to evaluate the discriminative ability of hematologic, biochemical and immunologic biomarkers in patients with and without the severe or fatal forms of COVID-19. Methods An electronic search in Medline (PubMed interface), Scopus, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) was performed, to identify studies reporting on laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-19. Studies were divided into two separate cohorts for analysis: severity (severe vs. non-severe and mortality, i.e. non-survivors vs. survivors). Data was pooled into a meta-analysis to estimate weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each laboratory parameter. Results A total number of 21 studies was included, totaling 3377 patients and 33 laboratory parameters. While 18 studies (n\u2009=\u20092984) compared laboratory findings between patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19, the other three (n\u2009=\u2009393) compared survivors and non-survivors of the disease and were thus analyzed separately. Patients with severe and fatal disease had significantly increased white blood cell (WBC) count, and decreased lymphocyte and platelet counts compared to non-severe disease and survivors. Biomarkers of inflammation, cardiac and muscle injury, liver and kidney function and coagulation measures were also significantly elevated in patients with both severe and fatal COVID-19. Interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 10 (IL-10) and serum ferritin were strong discriminators for severe disease. Conclusions Several biomarkers which may potentially aid in risk stratification models for predicting severe and fatal COVID-19 were identified. In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness."}, {"pmid": 32338764, "pmcid": "PMC7197579", "title": "A treatment strategy for acute myocardial infarction and personal protection for medical staff during the COVID-19 epidemic: the Chinese experience.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Han, Yaling"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338764", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32149486, "title": "[COVID-19 with post-chemotherapy agranulocytosis in childhood acute leukemia: a case report].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Z", "Xiong, H", "Li, J X", "Li, H", "Tao, F", "Yang, Y T", "Wu, B", "Tang, W", "Teng, J X", "Fu, Q", "Yang, L"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149486", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373465, "pmcid": "PMC7198999", "title": "Syncope as the presenting symptom of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "HeartRhythm Case Rep", "authors": ["Ebrille, Elisa", "Lucciola, Maria Teresa", "Amellone, Claudia", "Ballocca, Flavia", "Orlando, Fabrizio", "Giammaria, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373465", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222159, "pmcid": "PMC7194526", "title": "COVID-19 gives the lie to global health expertise.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Dalglish, Sarah L"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222159", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435508, "pmcid": "PMC7235268", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 detection with CRISPR diagnostics.", "journal": "Cell Discov", "authors": ["Guo, Lu", "Sun, Xuehan", "Wang, Xinge", "Liang, Chen", "Jiang, Haiping", "Gao, Qingqin", "Dai, Moyu", "Qu, Bin", "Fang, Sen", "Mao, Yihuan", "Chen, Yangcan", "Feng, Guihai", "Gu, Qi", "Wang, Ruiqi Rachel", "Zhou, Qi", "Li, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435508", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32091386, "pmcid": "PMC7181913", "title": "Potential Presymptomatic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Zhejiang Province, China, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tong, Zhen-Dong", "Tang, An", "Li, Ke-Feng", "Li, Peng", "Wang, Hong-Ling", "Yi, Jing-Ping", "Zhang, Yong-Li", "Yan, Jian-Bo"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32091386", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a 2-family cluster of persons infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the city of Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China, during January 2020. The infections resulted from contact with an infected but potentially presymptomatic traveler from the city of Wuhan in Hubei Province."}, {"pmid": 32439651, "title": "CT Scanning in Suspected Stroke or Head Trauma: Is it Worth to go the Extra Mile and Include the Chest to Screen for COVID-19 Infection?", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Kwee, R M", "Krdzalic, J", "Fasen, B A C M", "de Jaegere, T M H"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439651", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chest CT may be used as a tool for rapid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) detection. Our aim was to investigate the value of additional chest CT for detection of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) in patients who undergo head CT for suspected stroke or head trauma in a COVID-19-endemic region. Our study included 27 patients (mean age, 74\u2009years; range, 54-90 years; 20 men) who underwent head CT for suspected stroke (n\u2009=\u200921) or head trauma (n = 6), additional chest CT for COVID-19 detection, and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing in a COVID-19-endemic region. Sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of chest CT in detecting COVID-19 were calculated. Final neurologic diagnoses were ischemic stroke (n = 11), brain contusion (n = 5), nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (n = 2), brain metastasis (n = 1), and no primary neurologic disorder (n = 8). Symptoms of possible COVID-19 infection (ie, fever, cough, and/or shortness of breath) were present in 20 of 27 (74%) patients. Seven of 27 patients (26%) had real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmed-COVID-19 infection. Chest CT results were 6 true-positives, 15 true-negatives, 5 false-positives, and 1 false-negative. Diagnostic performance values of chest CT were a sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 75.0%, negative predictive value of 93.8%, and positive predictive value of 54.6%. The sensitivity of additional chest CT is fairly high. However, a negative result does not exclude COVID-19. The positive predictive value is poor. Correlation of chest CT results with epidemiologic history and clinical presentation, along with real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, is needed for confirmation."}, {"pmid": 32452661, "title": "How to verify the death of a patient.", "journal": "Nurs Stand", "authors": ["Churcher, Clare Elizabeth", "Dowie, Iwan"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452661", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When a patient dies, it is important that nurses understand their role in the verification of death. This article explains the steps required to verify the death of an adult patient. Verification of death is not a mechanistic task, but one that requires sensitivity and compassion. It is also crucial that nurses understand the legal implications of verifying a patient's death. With the development of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, nurses must also understand any changes in their role when verifying the death of a patient. Verification or confirmation of death is the process of ascertaining whether a patient is deceased, based on a physical assessment. Nurses can only verify a death if the patient is expected to die and has a do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) order in place. A DNACPR order is essential because it allows the nurse to verify the death without being concerned with\u00a0the need to resuscitate the patient. Nurses should ensure they act in accordance with local and national guidance regarding the verification of a patient's death. REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY: How to articles can help to update your practice and ensure it remains evidence based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of: How this article might inform your practice when verifying a patient's death. How you could use this information to educate your colleagues on the appropriate steps required when verifying a patient's death."}, {"pmid": 32319442, "title": "[Clinical ethics recommendations for the allocation of intensive care treatments, in exceptional, resource-limited circumstances.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Riccioni, Luigi", "Bertolini, Guido", "Giannini, Alberto", "Vergano, Marco", "Gristina, Giuseppe", "Livigni, Sergio", "Mistraletti, Giovanni", "Petrini Gruppo di Lavoro Siaarti-Societa Italiana di Anestesia Analgesia Rianimazione E Terapia Intensiva, Flavia"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319442", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On February 21st, 2020 the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome due to the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the CoViD-19 disease, was identified in Italy. In the following days, despite the restrictive public health measures aimed to avoid the infection's spread, the number of cases increased. As of March 8th, 2020, Italy is the 2nd most affected country in the world. As of March 6th, 2020, the Italian Society of Anesthesia Analgesia Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) published operational recommendations and ethical considerations to support the clinicians involved in the care of critically-ill CoViD-19 patients, in regard a probable scenario where an imbalance between supply and demand of ICU beds, is put in place by a steadily rising number of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32492484, "title": "Does spitting in public play a role in transmitting SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gautret, Philippe", "Colson, Philippe", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "Parola, Philippe", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492484", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188729, "title": "Coronavirus Endoribonuclease and Deubiquitinating Interferon Antagonists Differentially Modulate the Host Response during Replication in Macrophages.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Volk, Aaron", "Hackbart, Matthew", "Deng, Xufang", "Cruz-Pulido, Yazmin", "O'Brien, Amornrat", "Baker, Susan C"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188729", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) encode multiple interferon (IFN) antagonists that modulate the host response to virus replication. Here, we evaluated the host transcriptional response to infection with murine coronaviruses encoding independent mutations in one of two different viral antagonists, the deubiquitinase (DUB) within nonstructural protein 3 or the endoribonuclease (EndoU) within nonstructural protein 15. We used transcriptomics approaches to compare the scope and kinetics of the host response to the wild-type (WT), DUBmut, and EndoUmut viruses in infected macrophages. We found that the EndoUmut virus activates a focused response that predominantly involves type I interferons and interferon-related genes, whereas the WT and DUBmut viruses more broadly stimulate upregulation of over 2,800 genes, including networks associated with activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the proinflammatory response associated with viral pathogenesis. This study highlights the role of viral interferon antagonists in shaping the kinetics and magnitude of the host response during virus infection and demonstrates that inactivating a dominant viral antagonist, the coronavirus endoribonuclease, dramatically alters the host response in macrophages.IMPORTANCE Macrophages are an important cell type during coronavirus infections because they \"notice\" the infection and respond by inducing type I interferons, which limits virus replication. In turn, coronaviruses encode proteins that mitigate the cell's ability to signal an interferon response. Here, we evaluated the host macrophage response to two independent mutant coronaviruses, one with reduced deubiquitinating activity (DUBmut) and the other containing an inactivated endoribonuclease (EndoUmut). We observed a rapid, robust, and focused response to the EndoUmut virus, which was characterized by enhanced expression of interferon and interferon-related genes. In contrast, wild-type virus and the DUBmut virus elicited a more limited interferon response and ultimately activated over 2,800 genes, including players in the unfolded protein response and proinflammatory pathways associated with progression of significant disease. This study reveals that EndoU activity substantially contributes to the ability of coronaviruses to evade the host innate response and to replicate in macrophages."}, {"pmid": 32398210, "title": "Tackling the threat of COVID-19 in Africa: an urgent need for practical planning.", "journal": "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis", "authors": ["Chiang, C-Y", "El Sony, A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398210", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380877, "pmcid": "PMC7218352", "title": "The Consequences of Neoliberalism in the Current Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Health Serv", "authors": ["Navarro, Vicente"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380877", "countries": ["United States", "Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article analyzes how the neoliberal policies, such as the politics of austerity (with considerable cuts to social policy expenditures including medical care and public health services) and the privatization of health services, imposed by many governments on both sides of the North Atlantic, considerably weakened the capacity of the response to the coronavirus pandemic in Italy, Spain, and the United States."}, {"pmid": 32511171, "title": "Recommendations to Leverage the Palliative Nursing Role During COVID-19 and Future Public Health Crises.", "journal": "J Hosp Palliat Nurs", "authors": ["Rosa, William E", "Gray, Tamryn F", "Chow, Kimberly", "Davidson, Patricia M", "Dionne-Odom, J Nicholas", "Karanja, Viola", "Khanyola, Judy", "Kpoeh, Julius D N", "Lusaka, Joseph", "Matula, Samuel T", "Mazanec, Polly", "Moreland, Patricia J", "Pandey, Shila", "de Campos, Amisha Parekh", "Meghani, Salimah H"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511171", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the daily number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and associated deaths rising exponentially, social fabrics on a global scale are being worn by panic, uncertainty, fear, and other consequences of the health care crisis. Comprising more than half of the global health care workforce and the highest proportion of direct patient care time than any other health professional, nurses are at the forefront of this crisis. Throughout the evolving COVID-19 pandemic, palliative nurses will increasingly exercise their expertise in symptom management, ethics, communication, and end-of-life care, among other crucial skills. The literature addressing the palliative care response to COVID-19 has surged, and yet, there is a critical gap regarding the unique contributions of palliative nurses and their essential role in mitigating the sequelae of this crisis. Thus, the primary aim herein is to provide recommendations for palliative nurses and other health care stakeholders to ensure their optimal value is realized and to promote their well-being and resilience during COVID-19 and, by extension, in anticipation of future public health crises."}, {"pmid": 32505814, "title": "Changes in Care Delivery for Patients with Heart Failure During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Multicenter Survey.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["McIlvennan, Colleen K", "Allen, Larry A", "DeVore, Adam D", "Kaltenbach, Lisa A", "Granger, Christopher B", "Granger, Bradi B"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505814", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471295, "title": "Changes in Provision of Psychotherapy in the Early Weeks of the COVID-19 Lockdown in Austria.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Probst, Thomas", "Stippl, Peter", "Pieh, Christoph"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471295", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reducing personal contacts is a central measure against the spreading of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This troubles mental health, but also mental health care as treatments usually take place in personal contact and switching to remote treatments might be necessary in times of COVID-19. The present study investigated the question how the provision of psychotherapy changed in the early weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown in Austria and whether there were differences between the four therapeutic orientations eligible in Austria (psychodynamic, humanistic, systemic, behavioral). Psychotherapists (N = 1547) completed an online survey. They entered their number of patients treated on average per week (in personal contact, via telephone, via Internet) in the early weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown in Austria as well as (retrospectively) in the months before. The number of patients treated on average per week in personal contact decreased (on average 81%; p < 0.001), whereas the number of patients treated on average per week via telephone and via Internet increased (on average 979% and 1561%; both p < 0.001). Yet, the decrease of psychotherapies through personal contact was not compensated for by increases of remote psychotherapies (p < 0.001). No differences between the four therapeutic orientations emerged. Results imply an undersupply of psychotherapy in the COVID-19 lockdown and that further changes are necessary to cover the increased need for timely psychotherapy in times of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32354768, "pmcid": "PMC7231545", "title": "Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry", "authors": ["Beyrouti, Rahma", "Adams, Matthew E", "Benjamin, Laura", "Cohen, Hannah", "Farmer, Simon F", "Goh, Yee Yen", "Humphries, Fiona", "Jager, Hans Rolf", "Losseff, Nicholas A", "Perry, Richard J", "Shah, Sachit", "Simister, Robert J", "Turner, David", "Chandratheva, Arvind", "Werring, David J"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354768", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184233, "title": "Covid-19 and community mitigation strategies in a pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Ebrahim, Shahul H", "Ahmed, Qanta A", "Gozzer, Ernesto", "Schlagenhauf, Patricia", "Memish, Ziad A"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184233", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364037, "title": "The reproductive health fall-out of a global pandemic.", "journal": "Sex Reprod Health Matters", "authors": ["Thorne, Julie G", "Buitendyk, Marie", "Wawuda, Righa", "Lewis, Brianne", "Bernard, Caitlin", "Spitzer, Rachel F"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364037", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505993, "title": "Tracheostomy in the intensive care unit: Guidelines during COVID-19 worldwide pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Smith, David", "Montagne, Juan", "Raices, Micaela", "Dietrich, Agustin", "Bisso, Indalecio Carboni", "Las Heras, Marcos", "San Roman, Juan E", "Garcia Fornari, Gustavo", "Figari, Marcelo"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505993", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become a pandemic with significant consequences worldwide. About 3.2% of patients with COVID-19 will require intubation and invasive ventilation. Moreover, there will be an increase in the number of critically ill patients, hospitalized and intubated due to unrelated acute pathology, who will present underlying asymptomatic or mild forms of COVID-19. Tracheostomy is one of the procedures associated with an increased production of aerosols and higher risk of transmission of the virus to the health personnel. The aim of this paper is to describe indications and recommended technique of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients, emphasizing the safety of the patient but also the medical team involved. A multidisciplinary group made up of surgeons with privileges to perform tracheostomies, intensive care physicians, infectious diseases specialists and intensive pulmonologists was created to update previous knowledge on performing a tracheostomy in critically ill adult patients (>18\u00a0years) amidst the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a high-volume referral center. Published evidence was collected using a systematic search and review of published studies. A guideline comprising indications, surgical technique, ventilator settings, personal protective equipment and timing of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients was developed. A safe approach to performing percutaneous dilational bedside tracheostomy with bronchoscopic guidance is feasible in COVID-19 patients of appropriate security measures are taken and a strict protocol is followed. Instruction of all the health care personnel involves is key to ensure their safety and the patient's favorable recovery."}, {"pmid": 32296469, "pmcid": "PMC7153920", "title": "High Risk of COVID-19 Infection for Head and Neck Surgeons.", "journal": "Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Kulcsar, Marco Aurelio", "Montenegro, Fabio L", "Arap, Sergio S", "Tavares, Marcos Roberto", "Kowalski, Luiz Paulo"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296469", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385101, "title": "Rapid repurposing of drugs for COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Guy, R Kiplin", "DiPaola, Robert S", "Romanelli, Frank", "Dutch, Rebecca E"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385101", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412328, "title": "The challenging battle of mankind against COVID-19 outbreak: Is this global international biological catastrophe the beginning of a new era?", "journal": "J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)", "authors": ["Doral, Mahmut Nedim", "Bilge, Onur"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385225, "pmcid": "PMC7236586", "title": "Current State of Knowledge About SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Disease in Pregnant Women.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Gujski, Mariusz", "Humeniuk, Ewa", "Bojar, Iwona"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385225", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During any epidemic of infectious diseases, pregnant women constitute an extremely sensitive group due to altered physiology and immune functions, and thus altered susceptibility to infection. With regard to the management of pregnant COVID-19 patients, in addition to the treatment of the infection itself, which is not that different from generally accepted principles, it is interesting to consider which obstetric procedures should be used to minimize the adverse effects on mother and child. Questions arise concerning the continuation of pregnancy, how to terminate the pregnancy, the possibility of virus transmission through the placenta, isolation of the newborn after birth, and breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to review the current state of knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease in pregnant women. Because the epidemic began in China, most of the available literature comes from studies conducted there. The studies used to prepare this review article are the first non-randomized studies containing small groups of examined women. They do not provide clear indications, but show that in an epidemic situation, special care should be taken in pregnancy management, making decisions about termination of pregnancy, and handling of the newborn baby to minimize the risk of subsequent health consequences. Further analysis is needed on the incidence of COVID-19 among pregnant women and its consequences. This will allow us to develop recommendations on how to deal with patients in the future in case of repeated epidemic emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32380010, "pmcid": "PMC7196892", "title": "Will environmental changes in temperature affect the course of COVID-19?", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Del Rio, Carlos", "Camacho-Ortiz, Adrian"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380010", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the outbreak has reached every region of the world, it is undeniable that countries in the southern hemisphere seem to be less affected, where cases have been reported, these have been imported and travel related. We analyzed the climate temperature from various regions according to their current ongoing human-to-human transmission status. We studied 3 groups; Group 1, 10 provinces from China with majority of COVID-19 cases; Group 2, areas where continuous horizontal transmission outside of China had been reported; and group 3, areas where imported cases had been detected and no horizontal transmission had been documented after at least seven days since the first case was reported. The regions without ongoing human-to-human transmission showed significantly higher temperatures when compared to China and countries with ongoing human-to-human transmission, with over an 11-degree difference. The average rainfall during the study period was significantly higher in those regions without OHHT when compared to the Chinese provinces with ongoing human-to-human transmission and the regions with active transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Our findings show statistically significant differences between regions with ongoing human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 cases compared to those regions without horizontal transmission. This phenomenon could have implications in the behavior of the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak in the following months."}, {"pmid": 32487159, "pmcid": "PMC7264920", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a review.", "journal": "Mol Cancer", "authors": ["Feng, Wei", "Zong, Wei", "Wang, Feng", "Ju, Shaoqing"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487159", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In recent years, the prevalence and spread of coronavirus has had a huge impact on global public health. Due to the incomplete understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of the virus, it is difficult for humans to fight against the virus quickly and effectively once the outbreak occurs. In early 2020, a novel coronavirus was discovered in Wuhan, China. Soon after, similar cases were found in other countries around the world, and the number of infected people increased rapidly. So far, the global cumulative number of infected people has exceeded 3 million, and more than 200,000 people have died, which has had a huge impact on global human health and economic development. Every outbreak of disease makes a deep impression on mankind. Herein, we summarize the virology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2, and hope that countries can control the outbreak as soon as possible to minimize the loss."}, {"pmid": 32435272, "pmcid": "PMC7224342", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 9 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Chin Med", "authors": ["Zeng, Yong", "Zhang, Bo", "Zhang, Xufeng", "Yi, Cunjian"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435272", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases was caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China. Cancer patients are a special group, the immunity of them will be suppressed because of various anti-tumor treatments, and the risk of infection will be greatly increased, so we will report clinical features of 9 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. 5 (56%) patients were ordinary type, 3 (33%) were severe type, and 1 (11%) was critical type. A total of 8 patients received combined therapy of traditional Chinese medicines and western medicines. From the clinical outcomes of these 8 patients, western combined therapy of traditional Chinese medicine was indeed an effective treatment method. D-dimmer rise, infection index rise, and chest CT(computed tomography) progression may be clinical warning indicators for severe patients, in our study, more 50% of patients had elevated levels of these indicators, but only 44% (including the dead) of patients had received treatment in the intensive care unit. 5 (56%) ordinary type patients had been discharged, while the 1 (11%) critical type patient died 3 days after admission. Cancer comorbidity seems to have no direct relationship with severe events, and the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine may be effective in the prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (NICP)."}, {"pmid": 32504280, "pmcid": "PMC7273127", "title": "Effect of shelter-in-place on emergency department radiology volumes during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Houshyar, Roozbeh", "Tran-Harding, Karen", "Glavis-Bloom, Justin", "Nguyentat, Michael", "Mongan, John", "Chahine, Chantal", "Loehfelm, Thomas W", "Kohli, Marc D", "Zaragoza, Edward J", "Murphy, Paul M", "Kampalath, Rony"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504280", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to significant disruptions in the healthcare system including surges of infected patients exceeding local capacity, closures of primary care offices, and delays of non-emergent medical care. Government-initiated measures to decrease healthcare utilization (i.e., \"flattening the curve\") have included shelter-in-place mandates and social distancing, which have taken effect across most of the USA. We evaluate the immediate impact of the Public Health Messaging and shelter-in-place mandates on Emergency Department (ED) demand for radiology services. We analyzed ED radiology volumes from the five University of California health systems during a 2-week time period following the shelter-in-place mandate and compared those volumes with March 2019 and early April 2019 volumes. ED radiology volumes declined from the 2019 baseline by 32 to 40% (p < 0.001) across the five health systems with a total decrease in volumes across all 5 systems by 35% (p < 0.001). Stratifying by subspecialty, the smallest declines were seen in non-trauma thoracic imaging, which decreased 18% (p value < 0.001), while all other non-trauma studies decreased by 48% (p < 0.001). Total ED radiology demand may be a marker for public adherence to shelter-in-place mandates, though ED chest radiology demand may increase with an increase in COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32321617, "title": "Away-from-home food during coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Public Health Nutr", "authors": ["Bezerra, Ilana N"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321617", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471832, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors criticise Indian research agency for recommending hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bmj India Correspondent"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471832", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497776, "pmcid": "PMC7263214", "title": "Ethnic disparities in hospitalisation for COVID-19 in England: The role of socioeconomic factors, mental health, and inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors in a community-based cohort study.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Lassale, Camille", "Gaye, Bamba", "Hamer, Mark", "Gale, Catharine R", "Batty, G David"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497776", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Differentials in COVID-19 hospitalisations and mortality according to ethnicity have been reported but their origin is uncertain. We examined the role of socioeconomic, mental health, and pro-inflammatory factors in a community-based sample. We used data on 340,966 men and women (mean age 56.2\u00a0years) from the UK Biobank study, a prospective cohort study with linkage to hospitalisation for COVID-19. Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between ethnicity and hospitalisation for COVID-19. There were 640 COVID-19 cases (571/324,306 White, 31/4,485 Black, 21/5,732 Asian, 17/5,803 Other). Compared to the White study members and after adjusting for age and sex, Black individuals had over a 4-fold increased risk of COVID-19 infection (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval: 4.32; 3.00-6.23), and there was a doubling of risk in the Asian group (2.12; 1.37, 3.28) and the 'other' non-white group (1.84; 1.13, 2.99). After controlling for potential explanatory factors which included neighbourhood deprivation, household crowding, smoking, body size, inflammation, glycated haemoglobin, and mental illness, these effect estimates were attenuated by 33% for Blacks, 52% for Asians and 43% for Other, but remained raised for Blacks (2.66; 1.82, 3.91), Asian (1.43; 0.91, 2.26) and other non-white groups (1.41; 0.87, 2.31). There were clear ethnic differences in risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation and these do not appear to be fully explained by measured factors. If replicated, our results have implications for health policy, including the targeting of prevention advice and vaccination coverage."}, {"pmid": 32358606, "pmcid": "PMC7197580", "title": "Letter: Considerations for Performing Emergent Neurointerventional Procedures in a COVID-19 Environment.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Pandey, Aditya S", "Ringer, Andrew J", "Rai, Ansaar", "Kan, Peter T", "Jabbour, Pascal M", "Siddiqui, Adnan", "Levy, Elad", "Snyder, Kenneth V", "Riina, Howard A", "Tanweer, Omar", "Levitt, Michael R", "Kim, Louis J", "Veznedaroglu, Erol", "Binning, Mandy", "Arthur, Adam S", "Mocco, J", "Schirmer, Clemens M", "Thompson, B Gregory", "Langer, David"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358606", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496255, "title": "Development and Initial Validation of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Chandu, Viswa Chaitanya", "Pachava, Srinivas", "Vadapalli, Viswanath", "Marella, Yamuna"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496255", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Safeguarding the psychological well-being of the public is also an integral component of fighting COVID-19. However, there is limited availability of psychometric measures to document COVID-19-related anxiety among the general public. This study was aimed at developing a validated scale to measure COVID-19-related anxiety. Three hundred and seven subjects from different gender, educational categories participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis for the determination of factor structure, Pearson's correlation test, and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA were employed in data analysis using SPSS version 20 software. COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (CAS) demonstrated a two-component structure identified as: \"fear of social interaction;\" \"illness anxiety.\" The final scale with seven items demonstrated good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's Alpha 0.736). CAS exhibited good construct validity showing moderately negative correlation (Pearson's r = -0.417) with the self-rated mental health and resulted in higher scores among individuals with lower educational qualification (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA \u03c72 [2, 303] = 38.01; P = 0.001). CAS is a rapidly administrable, valid, and reliable tool that can be used to measure COVID-19-related anxiety among the Indian population."}, {"pmid": 32400323, "title": "In vitro data of current therapies for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Curr Med Chem", "authors": ["Anastasiou, Ioanna A", "Eleftheriadou, Ioanna", "Tentolouris, Anastasios", "Tsilingiris, Dimitrios", "Tentolouris, Nikolaos"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400323", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged from China causing pneumonia outbreaks first in the Wuhan region and currently worldwide. In the light of the lack of efficient and specific treatments and the need to contain the epidemic, drug repurposing appears to be the most efficient tool to find therapeutic solution. The aim of this study was to summarize in vitro data of current agents used for the management of SARSCoV-2 all over the world. A literature search of articles from January 2000 until April 2020 was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library to assess in vitro data of current or putative therapies for SARS-CoV-2. Although in vitro studies are scarce, data regarding chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, nitazoxanide, teicoplanin, ivermectin, lopinavir, homoharringtonine and emetine seem promising. Scientist all over the world should work together and increase their efforts in order to find feasible and efficient solutions against this new global viral threat."}, {"pmid": 32403134, "title": "Combination dose-escalated hydroxyurea and transfusion: an approach to conserve blood during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Blood", "authors": ["Nickel, Robert Sheppard", "Margulies, Stefanie", "Frazer, Brittany", "Luban, Naomi L C", "Webb, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403134", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372844, "pmcid": "PMC7198176", "title": "[COVID-19 and treatment guided by biochemical and molecular diagnostic tests to reduce myocardial damage and cardiotoxicity].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Eiras, Sonia", "Alvarez, Ezequiel", "Brion, Maria", "Ramon Gonzalez-Juanatey, Jose"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372844", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346406, "pmcid": "PMC7185082", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on mental health of healthcare professionals.", "journal": "Exp Ther Med", "authors": ["Tsamakis, Konstantinos", "Rizos, Emmanouil", "J Manolis, Athanasios", "Chaidou, Sofia", "Kympouropoulos, Stylianos", "Spartalis, Eleftherios", "A Spandidos, Demetrios", "Tsiptsios, Dimitrios", "S Triantafyllis, Andreas"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346406", "countries": ["Greece"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the unprecedented public health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is highly important to acknowledge the psychological impact of this mounting threat on healthcare professionals. Previous experience from smaller scale epidemics and emerging literature around COVID-19 show that the unparalleled amount of stress that healthcare workers are dealing with, is associated with increased psychological morbidities. We have depicted the psychological burden that the COVID-19 pandemic has posed on healthcare professionals in Greece and have reviewed the literature around the effect of previous epidemics on frontline healthcare staff. Moreover, we discuss potential triggers and the need for measures to minimise the psychological pressure on those at the frontline against this biothreat."}, {"pmid": 32275290, "title": "King Lear Under COVID-19 Lockdown.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Sinha, Anoushka"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275290", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509035, "pmcid": "PMC7254820", "title": "The True Challenges of the Covid-19 Epidemics: The Need for Essential Levels of Care for All.", "journal": "Open Respir Med J", "authors": ["Carta, Mauro Giovanni", "Romano, Ferdinando", "Orru, Germano"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509035", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439095, "pmcid": "PMC7234783", "title": "Joint HFSA/ACC/AHA Statement Addresses Concerns Re: Using RAAS Antagonists in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Bozkurt, Biykem", "Kovacs, Richard", "Harrington, Bob"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439095", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317139, "pmcid": "PMC7161480", "title": "Consideration of povidone-iodine as a public health intervention for COVID-19: Utilization as \"Personal Protective Equipment\" for frontline providers exposed in high-risk head and neck and skull base oncology care.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Mady, Leila J", "Kubik, Mark W", "Baddour, Khalil", "Snyderman, Carl H", "Rowan, Nicholas R"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317139", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32127126, "pmcid": "PMC7055041", "title": "Latest assessment on COVID-19 from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Eurosurveillance Editorial Team"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127126", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145386, "pmcid": "PMC7129391", "title": "Remdesivir as a possible therapeutic option for the COVID-19.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A", "Al-Homoud, Ali H", "Memish, Ziad A"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145386", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466838, "pmcid": "PMC7186206", "title": "Heart Failure Editorial Emergencies in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "JACC Heart Fail", "authors": ["O'Connor, Christopher M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466838", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517645, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 17 (Fortnightly reporting period ending 24 May 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517645", "countries": ["Bangladesh", "Australia", "United States", "India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 24 May 2020: notifications = 7,135; deaths = 102. The incidence of COVID-19 has markedly reduced since a peak in mid-March. There have been no cases reported in SA, the NT or the ACT in the last four weeks. The numbers of new cases reported from other jurisdictions continue to be very low. Testing rates have been higher across all jurisdictions, with Victoria reporting an 85% testing rate increase and NSW a 40% increase over this period. The positivity rate nationally continues to remain very low at less than 0.1% over the reporting period. Continued high rates of testing are necessary to detect and mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in the community. Over the past fortnight, 45% of cases acquired their infection overseas. Of cases considered to be locally acquired over this period, most were associated with contacts of confirmed cases or were associated with known outbreaks. The highest rate of COVID-19 continues to be among people aged 65-79 years. Three-quarters of all cases in this age group have been associated with overseas travel, including several outbreaks linked to cruise ships. The lowest rate of disease is in children under 18, a pattern reflected in international reports. A small proportion of cases overall have experienced severe disease, requiring hospitalisation or intensive care with some fatalities. The crude case fatality rate amongst Australian cases is 1.4%. People who are older and have one or more comorbidities are more likely to experience severe disease. A combination of early case identification, physical distancing, public health measures and a reduction in international travel have likely been effective in slowing the spread of the disease in Australia. In addition, the median number of days between symptom onset and diagnostic testing has improved considerably from 7 days in the early phase of the outbreak to 1 day in the latest phase of the epidemic. Internationally, as at 24 May 2020, there have been recent increases in the number of daily cases reported globally. The largest numbers of both cases and deaths have been reported in the United States. Of the confirmed cases reported globally, the case fatality rate is approximately 6.5%. Countries in South America are starting to see rapid acceleration, while the United States is seeing a very slow decline in its daily new case numbers. In the South East Asia region, India and Bangladesh are seeing accelerating epidemics, compounded by the recovery from Cyclone Amphan. Increasing numbers of cases are also being reported in Africa, although the numbers are much smaller. In the Pacific there are very few daily new cases reported."}, {"pmid": 32343223, "title": "Fatal Invasive Aspergillosis and Coronavirus Disease in an Immunocompetent Patient.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Blaize, Marion", "Mayaux, Julien", "Nabet, Cecile", "Lampros, Alexandre", "Marcelin, Anne-Genevieve", "Thellier, Marc", "Piarroux, Renaud", "Demoule, Alexandre", "Fekkar, Arnaud"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343223", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a complication in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, especially those with severe influenza pneumonia. We report a fatal case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in an immunocompetent patient in France who had severe coronavirus disease-associated pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32296947, "pmcid": "PMC7156902", "title": "Response to SARS-Covid-19-related visitor restrictions on labor and delivery wards in New York City.", "journal": "Arch Womens Ment Health", "authors": ["Hermann, Alison", "Deligiannidis, Kristina M", "Bergink, Veerle", "Monk, Catherine", "Fitelson, Elizabeth M", "Robakis, Thalia K", "Birndorf, Catherine"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296947", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494874, "pmcid": "PMC7268176", "title": "Emergency ophthalmic surgeries during COVID-19-a Hong Kong perspective.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Tang, Emily W H", "Wong, Daniel H T", "Chan, Yvonne Y Y", "Li, Kenneth K W"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494874", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302277, "pmcid": "PMC7234718", "title": "Assessment of the Angolan (CHERRT) Mobile Laboratory Curriculum for Disaster and Pandemic Response.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Owens, Michael D", "Lloyd, Michael L", "Brady, Tyler M", "Gross, Robin"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302277", "countries": ["United States", "Angola"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 5, 2020, the World Health Organization reported over one million confirmed cases and more than 62,000 confirmed coronavirus (COVID-19) deaths affecting 204 countries/regions. The lack of COVID-19 testing capacity threatens the ability of both the United States (US) and low middle income countries (LMIC) to respond to this growing threat, The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness through participant self-assessment of a rapid response team (RRT) mobile laboratory curriculum METHODS: We conducted a pre and post survey for the purpose of a process improvement assessment in Angola, involving 32 individuals. The survey was performed before and after a 14-day training workshop held in Luanda, Angola, in December 2019. A paired t-test was used to identify any significant change on six 7-point Likert scale questions with \u03b1< 0.05 (95% confidence interval). All six of the questions - 1) \"I feel confident managing a real laboratory sample test for Ebola or other highly contagious sample;\" 2) \"I feel safe working in the lab environment during a real scenario;\" 3) \"I feel as if I can appropriately manage a potentially highly contagious laboratory sample;\" 4)\"I feel that I can interpret a positive or negative sample during a suspected contagious outbreak;\" 5) \"I understand basic Biobubble/mobile laboratory concepts and procedures;\" and 6) \"I understand polymerase chain reaction (PCR) principles\" - showed statistical significant change pre and post training. Additionally, the final two questions - \"I can more effectively perform my role/position because of the training I received during this course;\" and \"This training was valuable\" - received high scores on the Likert scale. This Angolan RRT mobile laboratory training curriculum provides the nation of Angola with the confidence to rapidly respond and test at the national level a highly infectious contagion in the region and perform on-scene diagnostics. This mobile RRT laboratory provides a mobile and rapid diagnostic resource when epidemic/pandemic resource allocation may need to be prioritized based on confirmed disease prevalence."}, {"pmid": 32482155, "title": "Effect of Implementing Simulation Education on Health Care Worker Comfort With Nasopharyngeal Swabbing for COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Mark, Michelle E", "LoSavio, Phillip", "Husain, Inna", "Papagiannopoulos, Peter", "Batra, Pete S", "Tajudeen, Bobby A"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482155", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine if rapid implementation of simulation training for the nasopharyngeal swab procedure can increase provider confidence regarding procedure competency. A simulation training exercise was designed as a departmental initiative to improve competency performing nasopharyngeal swabs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sixty-one health care workers attended teaching sessions led by the Department of Otorhinolaryngology on proper nasopharyngeal swab technique. After a brief lecture, participants practiced their swab technique using a high-fidelity airway simulation model. Pre- and postintervention self-evaluations were measured via standardized clinical competency questionnaires on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from \"No knowledge, unable to perform\" up to \"Highly knowledgeable and confident, independent.\" Forty-six participants in this study submitted pre- and postintervention self-assessments. Postintervention scores improved on average 1.41 points (95% CI, 1.10-1.73) out of 5 from a mean score of 3.13 to 4.54 (P < .0001). This reflects a large effect size with a Glass's delta value of 1.3. Lecture coupled with simulation-based teaching can significantly improve health care workers' confidence in performing nasopharyngeal swabs. Proper training for frontline workers performing swabs for COVID-19 is essential to improving testing accuracy and can be achieved in a simple and timely manner. To meet the testing needs of the growing pandemic, many health care workers who are unfamiliar with nasopharyngeal swabs have been asked to perform this test. Simulation-based teaching sessions may improve health care workers' confidence and help prevent false-negative results. This intervention is easily reproducible in any setting where frequent nasopharyngeal swab testing occurs. Prospective cohort study."}, {"pmid": 32434891, "title": "Covid-19 and cardiovascular disease.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Fulchand, Shivali"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434891", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Guideline: Diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during the covid-19 pandemicPublished by the European Society of Cardiology.This summary is based on the version published on 21 April 2020 (https://www.escardio.org/Education/COVID-19-and-Cardiology/ESC-COVID-19-Guidance)."}, {"pmid": 32402577, "pmcid": "PMC7194608", "title": "COVID-19 Impact on Young Arthroplasty Surgeons.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Culp, Brian M", "Frisch, Nicholas B"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402577", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus crisis, COVID-19, has affected all orthopedic surgeons. Surgeons at early stages of their career are at risk of being affected differently than their more established counterparts. We conducted an online survey for members of the Young Arthroplasty Group to determine what effects this had on their current practice. Nearly 40% of our surveyed group responded ranging from residents, fellows, and early career surgeons. All groups had been affected by the crisis, with different impacts on each subgroup. COVID-19 had significant impact on young surgeons affecting their compensation, redeployment, and career advancement. Available resources should be offered to this group, where available, to mitigate the impact of the crisis."}, {"pmid": 32439729, "title": "Covid-19: Brazil now has third highest number of cases behind US and Russia.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["de Oliveira Andrade, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439729", "countries": ["United States", "Brazil", "Russian Federation"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337328, "pmcid": "PMC7176944", "title": "Coronaviruses: A patent dataset report for research and development (R&D) analysis.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Machuca-Martinez, Fiderman", "Amado, Ruben Camargo", "Gutierrez, Oscar"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337328", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This work shows a patent database for Coronaviruses that provides an overview of the patenting activity and trends in focused antiviral therapy with the use of triazole based compounds, glycoprotein, and protease inhibitors as possible treatment. The patent data was obtained from Orbit Intelligence Software using a patent family structure to get a big database that could be used for built patent landscape report (PLR), market analysis, technical and competitive intelligence, and monitoring and survey of a new ideas for the treatment of coronavirus diseases. The raw data is reported in four databases, which were classified according to different items: legal status (alive, dead), 1st application year (after 2015, 2011-2015, 2006-2010, 2001-2005), and Top 5 International Patents Classifications (IPC). The main players, the investment trend, markets, geographical distribution, technology overview, technologies distribution, and patent citation are showed by this analysed data report."}, {"pmid": 32399354, "pmcid": "PMC7213679", "title": "COVID-19 and the Efficacy of Different Types of Respiratory Protective Equipment Used by Health Care Providers in a Health Care Setting.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Malik, Talia"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399354", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus, the virus that caused the global pandemic at the beginning of 2020 and affected millions across the globe, presented as an enormous\u00a0challenge to health care providers around the world. With increasing numbers of infected patients presenting daily, health care workers are struggling to take effective measures to protect themselves from transmission against the highly contagious coronavirus. This case helps us understand the implications of coronavirus-infected patients on the health care providers directly responsible for the management of these patients and the relative efficacy of different types of respiratory protective equipment mainly N95 masks and surgical masks in preventing the spread of infection among those at the front lines providing care."}, {"pmid": 32387510, "pmcid": "PMC7201232", "title": "Letter to the Editor \"A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China\".", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Ren, Yali", "Zhou, Yongjie", "Qian, Wei", "Li, Zezhi", "Liu, Zhengkui", "Wang, Ruoxi", "Qi, Ling", "Yang, Jiezhi", "Song, Xiuli", "Zeng, Lingyun", "Zhang, Xiangyang"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387510", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385985, "title": "[Chinese experts' consensus on diagnosis and treatment of severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (revised edition)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Chinese Research Hospital Association Of Critical Care Medicine", "Youth Committee Of Chinese Research Hospital Association Of Critical Care Medicine"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385985", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is serious and there is no effective treatment to date. In order to reduce the mortality of severe and critical COVID-19, experts from the first-line in related fields in China were organized to analyze, discuss and summarize the diagnosis and treatment of severe and critical COVID-19 patients in Wuhan and other severe epidemic areas, and formulate the expert consensus. The first edition was released on February 22, 2020, and the revised one on March 4, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32427148, "pmcid": "PMC7227575", "title": "Covid-19 and occupational health.", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482123, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Health Care Workers: Cross-sectional Analysis of an Otolaryngology Unit.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Paderno, Alberto", "Fior, Milena", "Berretti, Giulia", "Schreiber, Alberto", "Grammatica, Alberto", "Mattavelli, Davide", "Deganello, Alberto"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482123", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The restart of routine in- and outpatient activity in the COVID-19 postepidemic peak needs to be carefully planned in light of specific patterns of viral diffusion. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 serology in the entire personnel of a COVID-19-free otolaryngology department in a highly affected area. The aim was to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 positivity among staff to clarify the impact of different risk factors for infection. The entire staff of the otolaryngology unit was tested for SARS-CoV-2 serology. Symptomatic staff members were tested with nasal/pharyngeal swabs. All answered a survey focused on the number of in- and extrahospital positive contacts and type of activities in the unit. Five (9%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The only variable associated with a higher risk of infection was the number of extrahospital contacts without personal protective equipment (P = .008). Our study shows that in non-COVID-19 departments, the use of adequate personal protective equipment leads to low rates of infection among health care workers. The prevalent risk of infection was related to extrahospital contact."}, {"pmid": 32278082, "pmcid": "PMC7141639", "title": "Challenges and issues about organizing a hospital to respond to the COVID-19 outbreak: experience from a French reference centre.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Peiffer-Smadja, N", "Lucet, J-C", "Bendjelloul, G", "Bouadma, L", "Gerard, S", "Choquet, C", "Jacques, S", "Khalil, A", "Maisani, P", "Casalino, E", "Descamps, D", "Timsit, J-F", "Yazdanpanah, Y", "Lescure, F-X"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278082", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277870, "pmcid": "PMC7195157", "title": "Tuberculosis and HIV responses threatened by COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Adepoju, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277870", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371812, "pmcid": "PMC7236842", "title": "COVID-19, hypertension and angiotensin receptor-blocking drugs.", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Fernandez-Fernandez, Francisco Jose"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371812", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443018, "pmcid": "PMC7268838", "title": "Editors' Comments Regarding Special Feature Articles on COVID-19 in 2020.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Heyman, Melvin B", "Belli, Dominique C"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443018", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349195, "title": "Deeply reconsidering elective surgery: worldwide concerns regarding colorectal surgery in a COVID-19 pandemic and a Singapore perspective.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Chew, Min Hoe", "Tan, Winson Jianhong", "Ng, Chee Yung", "Ng, Kheng Hong"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349195", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394505, "pmcid": "PMC7235473", "title": "The 2019 human coronavirus: Ten areas of uncertainty waiting to be resolved.", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Mortimer, Philip P"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394505", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430957, "title": "Effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Juan, J", "Gil, M M", "Rong, Z", "Zhang, Y", "Yang, H", "Poon, L C"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430957", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes by performing a systematic review of available published literature on pregnancies affected by COVID-19. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy, perinatal and neonatal outcomes. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database and Wan Fang Data until 20 April 2020 (studies were identified through PubMed alert after that date). For the research strategy, combinations of the following keywords and MeSH terms were used: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019, pregnancy, gestation, maternal, mothers, vertical transmission, maternal-fetal transmission, intrauterine transmission, neonates, infant, delivery. Eligibility criteria included laboratory-confirmed and/or clinically diagnosed COVID-19, patient being pregnant on admission and availability of clinical characteristics, including at least one maternal, perinatal or neonatal outcome. Exclusion criteria were non-peer-reviewed or unpublished reports, unspecified date and location of the study, suspicion of duplicate reporting, and unreported maternal or perinatal outcomes. No language restrictions were applied. We identified a high number of relevant case reports and case series, but only 24 studies, including a total of 324 pregnant women with COVID-19, met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. These comprised nine case series (eight consecutive) and 15 case reports. A total of 20 pregnant patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included in the case reports. In the combined data from the eight consecutive case series, including 211 (71.5%) cases of laboratory-confirmed and 84 (28.5%) of clinically diagnosed COVID-19, the maternal age ranged from 20 to 44\u2009years and the gestational age on admission ranged from 5 to 41\u2009weeks. The most common symptoms at presentation were fever, cough, dyspnea/shortness of breath, fatigue and myalgia. The rate of severe pneumonia reported amongst the case series ranged from 0 to 14%, with the majority of the cases requiring admission to the intensive care unit. Almost all cases from the case series had positive computer tomography chest findings. All six and 22 cases that had nucleic-acid testing in vaginal mucus and breast milk samples, respectively, were negative for SARS-CoV-2. Only four cases of spontaneous miscarriage or abortion were reported. In the consecutive case series, 219/295 women had delivered at the time of reporting, and the majority of these had Cesarean section. The gestational age at delivery ranged from 28 to 41\u2009weeks. Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min ranged from 7 to 10 and 7 to 10, respectively. Only eight neonates had birth weight <2500 g and nearly one-third of cases were transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit. There was one case each of neonatal asphyxia and neonatal death. In 155 neonates that had nucleic-acid testing in throat swab, all, except three cases, were negative for SARS-CoV-2. There were seven maternal deaths, four intrauterine fetal deaths (one with twin pregnancy) and two neonatal deaths (twin pregnancy) reported in a non-consecutive case series of nine cases with severe COVID-19. From the case reports, two maternal deaths, one neonatal death and two cases of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported. Despite the increasing number of published studies on COVID-19 in pregnancy, there are insufficient good-quality data to draw unbiased conclusions with regard to the severity of the disease or specific complications of COVID-19 in pregnant women, as well as vertical transmission, perinatal and neonatal complications. In order to answer specific questions in relation to the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women and their fetuses through meaningful good-quality research, we urge researchers and investigators to present complete outcome data and reference previously published cases in their publications, and to record such reporting when the data of a case are entered into a registry or several registries. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32249063, "pmcid": "PMC7129017", "title": "Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses.", "journal": "Trends Immunol", "authors": ["Jiang, Shibo", "Hillyer, Christopher", "Du, Lanying"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249063", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 (also known as 2019-nCoV) is threatening global public health, social stability, and economic development. To meet this challenge, this article discusses advances in the research and development of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) for the prevention and treatment of infection by SARS-CoV-2 and other human CoVs."}, {"pmid": 32413381, "pmcid": "PMC7217109", "title": "NEWS can predict deterioration of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Peng, Xiaobei", "Subbe, Christian P", "Zhang, Lei", "Luo, Zhen", "Peng, Lingli"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413381", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413563, "pmcid": "PMC7215157", "title": "Microneurosurgery in COVID-19-Positive Patients.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Ajler, Pablo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413563", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295896, "title": "Nasal Swab Sampling for SARS-CoV-2: a Convenient Alternative in Times of Nasopharyngeal Swab Shortage.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Pere, Helene", "Podglajen, Isabelle", "Wack, Maxime", "Flamarion, Edouard", "Mirault, Tristan", "Goudot, Guillaume", "Hauw-Berlemont, Caroline", "Le, Laetitia", "Caudron, Eric", "Carrabin, Sophie", "Rodary, Julien", "Ribeyre, Tatiana", "Belec, Laurent", "Veyer, David"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295896", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354715, "title": "Neuroradiologists, Be Mindful of the Neuroinvasive Potential of COVID-19.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Morris, M", "Zohrabian, V M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354715", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199494, "pmcid": "PMC7271205", "title": "Estimation of COVID-19 outbreak size in Italy.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tuite, Ashleigh R", "Ng, Victoria", "Rees, Erin", "Fisman, David"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199494", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360111, "pmcid": "PMC7194742", "title": "The Diagnosis of Pneumonia in a Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 Using Maternal Lung Ultrasound.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Inchingolo, Riccardo", "Smargiassi, Andrea", "Moro, Francesca", "Buonsenso, Danilo", "Salvi, Silvia", "Del Giacomo, Paola", "Scoppettuolo, Giancarlo", "Demi, Libertario", "Soldati, Gino", "Testa, Antonia Carla"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360111", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung ultrasound examination has been demonstrated to be an accurate imaging method to detect pulmonary and pleural conditions. During pregnancy, there is a need for a rapid assessment of the maternal lung in patients suspected to have COVID-19. We report our experience on lung ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of Sars-Cov-2 pneumonia in a pregnant woman. Typical ultrasound features of this pulmonary pathology, including diffuse hyperechoic vertical artifacts with thickened pleural line and \"white lung\" with patchy distribution, were observed. We suggest point of care lung ultrasound examination as a diagnostic imaging tool in pregnant women with suspected COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32462770, "title": "The Diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 Pneumonia: A Review of Laboratory and Radiological Testing Results.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zheng, Zhong", "Yao, Zhixian", "Wu, Ke", "Zheng, Junhua"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462770", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid emergence of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) has necessitated the implementation of diverse pandemic control strategies throughout the world. In order to effectively control the spread of this disease, it is essential that it be diagnosed at an early stage so that patients can be reliably quarantined such that disease spread will be slowed. At present, the diagnosis of this infectious form of coronavirus pneumonia is largely dependent upon a combination of laboratory testing and imaging analyses of variable diagnostic efficacy. In the present report, we reviewed prior literature pertaining to the diagnosis of different forms of pneumonia caused by coronaviruses (SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2) and assessed two different potential diagnostic approaches. We ultimately found that computed tomography (CT) was associated with a higher rate of diagnostic accuracy than was a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based approach (P = 0.0041), and chest radiography (P = 0.0100). Even so, it is important that clinicians utilize a combination of laboratory and radiological testing where possible in order to ensure that this virus is reliably and quickly detected such that it may be treated and patients may be isolated in a timely fashion, thereby effectively curbing the further progression of this pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32292527, "pmcid": "PMC7113380", "title": "On a Statistical Transmission Model in Analysis of the Early Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Stat Biosci", "authors": ["Zhu, Yifan", "Chen, Ying Qing"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292527", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a disease caused by a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) had infected many people and the cumulative confirmed cases have reached almost 180,000 as of 17, March 2020. The COVID-19 outbreak was believed to have emerged from a seafood market in Wuhan, a metropolis city of more than 11 million population in Hubei province, China. We introduced a statistical disease transmission model using case symptom onset data to estimate the transmissibility of the early-phase outbreak in China, and provided sensitivity analyses with various assumptions of disease natural history of the COVID-19. We fitted the transmission model to several publicly available sources of the outbreak data until 11, February 2020, and estimated lock down intervention efficacy of Wuhan city. The estimated \n                        \n                            R\n                            0\n                        \n                     was between 2.7 and 4.2 from plausible distribution assumptions of the incubation period and relative infectivity over the infectious period. 95% confidence interval of \n                        \n                            R\n                            0\n                        \n                     were also reported. Potential issues such as data quality concerns and comparison of different modelling approaches were discussed."}, {"pmid": 32307025, "pmcid": "PMC7191253", "title": "Could COVID-19 represent a negative prognostic factor in patients with stroke?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Siniscalchi, Antonio", "Gallelli, Luca"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307025", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470604, "pmcid": "PMC7250069", "title": "A case of transient existence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the respiratory tract with the absence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lin, Yi-Chun", "Cheng, Chien-Yu", "Chen, Cheng-Pin", "Cheng, Shu-Hsing", "Chang, Sui-Yuan", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470604", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the case of a patient who had travelled to Japan and who presented mild respiratory symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak period. There was transient existence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in his oropharynx. The RNA was absent in the six respiratory specimens that were subsequently tested. An anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response was absent in the acute and convalescent sera. The reported case indicates that transient colonization of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract is possible without inciting any antibody response against the virus."}, {"pmid": 32048740, "pmcid": "PMC7166799", "title": "Economic impacts of Wuhan 2019-nCoV on China and the world.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ayittey, Foster K", "Ayittey, Matthew K", "Chiwero, Nyasha B", "Kamasah, Japhet S", "Dzuvor, Christian"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32048740", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527732, "title": "Ethnicity and covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Patel, Parth", "Hiam, Lucinda", "Sowemimo, Annabel", "Devakumar, Delan", "McKee, Martin"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527732", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456880, "pmcid": "PMC7212971", "title": "Lessons from the present: Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring organization during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lombardy, northern Italy.", "journal": "Clin Neurophysiol", "authors": ["Devigili, Grazia", "Eleopra, Roberto", "Rinaldo, Sara", "Lanteri, Paola"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456880", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305341, "pmcid": "PMC7141463", "title": "Surgery and the COVID-19 epidemic: Some additional precautions. Re: \"Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncological surgery during the COVID-19 epidemic\".", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Canis, M", "Bourdel, N", "Botchorishvili, R"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305341", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512578, "title": "The effect of large-scale anti-contagion policies on the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Hsiang, Solomon", "Allen, Daniel", "Annan-Phan, Sebastien", "Bell, Kendon", "Bolliger, Ian", "Chong, Trinetta", "Druckenmiller, Hannah", "Huang, Luna Yue", "Hultgren, Andrew", "Krasovich, Emma", "Lau, Peiley", "Lee, Jaecheol", "Rolf, Esther", "Tseng, Jeanette", "Wu, Tiffany"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512578", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "United States"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Governments around the world are responding to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic1 with unprecedented policies designed to slow the growth rate of infections. Many actions, such as closing schools and restricting populations to their homes, impose large and visible costs on society, but their benefits cannot be directly observed and are currently understood only through process-based simulations2-4. Here, we compile new data on 1,717 local, regional, and national non-pharmaceutical interventions deployed in the ongoing pandemic across localities in China, South Korea, Italy, Iran, France, and the United States (US). We then apply reduced-form econometric methods, commonly used to measure the effect of policies on economic growth5,6, to empirically evaluate the effect that these anti-contagion policies have had on the growth rate of infections. In the absence of policy actions, we estimate that early infections of COVID-19 exhibit exponential growth rates of roughly 38% per day. We find that anti-contagion policies have significantly and substantially slowed this growth. Some policies have different impacts on different populations, but we obtain consistent evidence that the policy packages now deployed are achieving large, beneficial, and measurable health outcomes. We estimate that across these six countries, interventions prevented or delayed on the order of 62 million confirmed cases, corresponding to averting roughly 530 million total infections. These findings may help inform whether or when these policies should be deployed, intensified, or lifted, and they can support decision-making in the other 180+ countries where COVID-19 has been reported7."}, {"pmid": 32243775, "pmcid": "PMC7271269", "title": "COVID-19 and immigration detention in the USA: time to act.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Keller, Allen S", "Wagner, Benjamin D"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243775", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32194995, "pmcid": "PMC7060195", "title": "The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia calls for viral vaccines.", "journal": "NPJ Vaccines", "authors": ["Shang, Weilong", "Yang, Yi", "Rao, Yifan", "Rao, Xiancai"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194995", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that is caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly in China, and has developed to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. However, no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines are available yet. This work aims to share strategies and candidate antigens to develop safe and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32517875, "title": "COVID-19 epidemic: Should ophthalmologists be aware of oculomotor paresis?", "journal": "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol", "authors": ["Pascual-Prieto, J", "Narvaez-Palazon, C", "Porta-Etessam, J", "Gomez-de-Liano, R"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517875", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404451, "pmcid": "PMC7219801", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 in children: Surprising findings in the midst of a global pandemic.", "journal": "Can Fam Physician", "authors": ["Goldman, Ran D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404451", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Question Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is affecting millions of people worldwide. It seems that it affects mostly adults older than 40 years of age, and the death rate is highest for older individuals in the population. What should I tell parents worried about their children contracting the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19, and what symptoms should I look for to determine if there is a need to test for the virus?Answer The COVID-19 global pandemic affects all ages. Severe respiratory manifestations have been the mainstay of illness in adults, with what seems to be rapid deterioration necessitating mechanical ventilation. Only 5% of those tested and found to have COVID-19 have been younger than 19 years, possibly owing to limited testing, as the symptoms in children are usually mild. Symptoms in children include fever, dry cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, and fatigue, and in 10% diarrhea or vomiting. Rarely dyspnea or hypoxemia were also described. Blood tests and imaging have been shown to be of little value in children and should only be ordered for those in whom you would normally order these investigations for viral-like illness. No specific therapy is available and supportive care with rest, fluids, and antipyretics for children is the recommended approach. Ibuprofen or acetaminophen for fever and pain can be given. Antiviral and immunomodulatory treatment is not recommended at this time for otherwise healthy children, and corticosteroids should also not be used. Children with immunocompromised states should be isolated and avoid contact with others."}, {"pmid": 32361728, "pmcid": "PMC7197520", "title": "Letter: The Resiliency of the Neurosurgeon in the Midst of COVID-19 Pandemic Storm: The Italian Experience From the Frontline.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Levi, Vincenzo", "Risso, Andrea", "Egidi, Marcello"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361728", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344068, "pmcid": "PMC7194587", "title": "Reply to: \"Personal protective equipment recommendations based on COVID-19 route of transmission\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Cavanagh, Gregory", "Wambier, Carlos Gustavo"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344068", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526266, "title": "What led to the UK's death toll? - An insight into the mistakes made and the current situation.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Khan, Shehryar", "Cheng, Shuliang Oliver"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526266", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480210, "pmcid": "PMC7253982", "title": "Erratum for: Strategies for daily operating room management of ambulatory surgery centers following resolution of the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Dexter, Franklin", "Epstein, Richard H"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480210", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436748, "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 infection in dentistry.", "journal": "Exp Biol Med (Maywood)", "authors": ["Passarelli, Pier Carmine", "Rella, Edoardo", "Manicone, Paolo Francesco", "Garcia-Godoy, Franklin", "D'Addona, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436748", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dentists have always been taught how to protect themselves and their patients from potential blood-borne pathogens, but the Coronavirus pandemic has brought a new unprecedented challenge to the world of dentistry; we therefore reviewed the literature to provide suggestions on how to accordingly change dental practice prevention."}, {"pmid": 32479921, "pmcid": "PMC7258815", "title": "Kidney Infarction in Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Post, Adrian", "den Deurwaarder, Edwin S G", "Bakker, Stephan J L", "de Haas, Robbert J", "van Meurs, Matijs", "Gansevoort, Ron T", "Berger, Stefan P"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479921", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious, life-threatening infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent findings indicate an increased risk of acute kidney injury during COVID-19. The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to acute kidney injury in COVID-19 are unclear, but may include direct cytopathic effects of the virus on kidney tubular and endothelial cells, indirect damage caused by virus-induced cytokine release, and kidney hypoperfusion due to a restrictive fluid strategy. In this case-report we propose an additional pathophysiological mechanism. We describe two cases in which patients with COVID-19 developed a decrease in kidney function due to kidney infarction. These patients did not have atrial fibrillation. One of these patients was treated with therapeutic doses of low molecular weight heparin, whereafter no further deterioration of kidney function was observed. Our findings implicate that the differential diagnosis of acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients should include kidney infarction, which may have important preventive and therapeutic implications."}, {"pmid": 32275293, "pmcid": "PMC7149351", "title": "Seasonal Influenza Activity During the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Japan.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Sakamoto, Haruka", "Ishikane, Masahiro", "Ueda, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275293", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292688, "pmcid": "PMC7114947", "title": "Covid-19, Coronavirus and Mental Health Rehabilitation at Times of Crisis.", "journal": "J Psychosoc Rehabil Ment Health", "authors": ["Chaturvedi, Santosh K"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292688", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445279, "pmcid": "PMC7267114", "title": "Diagnostic and prognostic values of cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Suchonwanit, Poonkiat", "Leerunyakul, Kanchana", "Kositkuljorn, Chaninan"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445279", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493161, "title": "A Simple Three-Tier Classification System for Triage, Communication, and Resource Utilization by Patients Afflicted with COVID-19 Disease.", "journal": "Surg Infect (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Barie, Philip S", "Bronstein, Matthew", "Gibson, Cameron J", "Kelly, Anton G", "Lee, Christina", "Narayan, Mayur", "Shou, Jian", "Smith, Kira E", "Villegas, Cassandra", "Winchell, Robert J"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364930, "title": "Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Bryson, W Jeff"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364930", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499217, "title": "Even covid-19 can't kill the anti-vaccination movement.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Megget, Katrina"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499217", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32161028, "title": "Covid-19: UK budget gives pound94 a week statutory sick pay to self-isolators and their carers.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161028", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452454, "pmcid": "PMC7151265", "title": "COVID-19 in forensic medicine unit personnel: Observation from Thailand.", "journal": "J Forensic Leg Med", "authors": ["Sriwijitalai, Won", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452454", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475157, "title": "Exercise in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) era: A Question and Answer session with the experts Endorsed by the section of Sports Cardiology & Exercise of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC).", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Bhatia, Raghav T", "Marwaha, Sarandeep", "Malhotra, Aneil", "Iqbal, Zafar", "Hughes, Christopher", "Borjesson, Mats", "Niebauer, Josef", "Pelliccia, Antonio", "Schmied, Christian", "Serratosa, Luis", "Papadakis, Michael", "Sharma, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475157", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Regular exercise has multiple benefits for physical and mental health, including the body's ability to combat infections. The current COVID-19 pandemic and the social distancing measures employed to curtail the impact of the infection are likely to reduce the amount of usual physical activity being performed by most individuals, including habitual exercisers. The uncertainties relating to the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the heart may cause increased anxiety, particularly in athletes who need to sustain a vigorous exercise regime in order to maintain their skills and fitness in preparation for return to competition after a short re-training period. The aim of this document is to provide practical answers to pertinent questions being posed by the sporting community, in an attempt to offer reassurance, promote safe participation in exercise during as well as after the COVID-19 pandemic and provide a framework of management for physicians caring for athletes."}, {"pmid": 32244425, "pmcid": "PMC7177617", "title": "Prediction of Number of Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Using Social Media Search Index.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Qin, Lei", "Sun, Qiang", "Wang, Yidan", "Wu, Ke-Fei", "Chen, Mingchih", "Shia, Ben-Chang", "Wu, Szu-Yuan"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244425", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Predicting the number of new suspected or confirmed cases of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is crucial in the prevention and control of the COVID-19 outbreak. Social media search indexes (SMSI) for dry cough, fever, chest distress, coronavirus, and pneumonia were collected from 31 December 2019 to 9 February 2020. The new suspected cases of COVID-19 data were collected from 20 January 2020 to 9 February 2020. We used the lagged series of SMSI to predict new suspected COVID-19 case numbers during this period. To avoid overfitting, five methods, namely subset selection, forward selection, lasso regression, ridge regression, and elastic net, were used to estimate coefficients. We selected the optimal method to predict new suspected COVID-19 case numbers from 20 January 2020 to 9 February 2020. We further validated the optimal method for new confirmed cases of COVID-19 from 31 December 2019 to 17 February 2020. The new suspected COVID-19 case numbers correlated significantly with the lagged series of SMSI. SMSI could be detected 6-9 days earlier than new suspected cases of COVID-19. The optimal method was the subset selection method, which had the lowest estimation error and a moderate number of predictors. The subset selection method also significantly correlated with the new confirmed COVID-19 cases after validation. SMSI findings on lag day 10 were significantly correlated with new confirmed COVID-19 cases. SMSI could be a significant predictor of the number of COVID-19 infections. SMSI could be an effective early predictor, which would enable governments' health departments to locate potential and high-risk outbreak areas."}, {"pmid": 32438450, "title": "IL-1 blockade with anakinra in acute leukaemia patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia appears safe and may result in clinical improvement.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Day, James W", "Fox, Thomas A", "Halsey, Richard", "Carpenter, Ben", "Kottaridis, Panagiotis D"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438450", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470620, "pmcid": "PMC7255262", "title": "Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicating SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: A diagnostic challenge.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Antinori, Spinello", "Rech, Roberto", "Galimberti, Laura", "Castelli, Antonio", "Angeli, Elena", "Fossali, Tommaso", "Bernasconi, Davide", "Covizzi, Alice", "Bonazzetti, Cecilia", "Torre, Alessandro", "Carsana, Luca", "Tonello, Cristina", "Zerbi, Pietro", "Nebuloni, Manuela"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470620", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352160, "pmcid": "PMC7267547", "title": "Covid-19-related pancreatic injury.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Mukherjee, R", "Smith, A", "Sutton, R"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352160", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389182, "pmcid": "PMC7202845", "title": "Effective transmission across the globe: the role of climate in COVID-19 mitigation strategies.", "journal": "Lancet Planet Health", "authors": ["O'Reilly, Kathleen M", "Auzenbergs, Megan", "Jafari, Yalda", "Liu, Yang", "Flasche, Stefan", "Lowe, Rachel"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389182", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330410, "title": "Doubling Time of the COVID-19 Epidemic by Province, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Muniz-Rodriguez, Kamalich", "Chowell, Gerardo", "Cheung, Chi-Hin", "Jia, Dongyu", "Lai, Po-Ying", "Lee, Yiseul", "Liu, Manyun", "Ofori, Sylvia K", "Roosa, Kimberlyn M", "Simonsen, Lone", "Viboud, Cecile", "Fung, Isaac Chun-Hai"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330410", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In China, the doubling time of the coronavirus disease epidemic by province increased during January 20-February 9, 2020. Doubling time estimates ranged from 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-2.0) days for Hunan Province to 3.1 (95% CI 2.1-4.8) days for Xinjiang Province. The estimate for Hubei Province was 2.5 (95% CI 2.4-2.6) days."}, {"pmid": 32401907, "title": "Trying to make sense out of chaos: science, politics and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Camargo, Kenneth Rochel de Jr"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401907", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This essay discusses the proliferation of discourses about the COVID-19 pandemic, presenting the challenges both to science and public policies that such an information overload present, having Collins' sociology of expertise as a theoretical framework."}, {"pmid": 32434442, "title": "Re-infection by COVID-19: a real threat for the future management of pandemia?", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Bongiovanni, Marco", "Basile, Fiorpaolo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501218, "pmcid": "PMC7258816", "title": "Factors preventing materno-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Placenta", "authors": ["Celik, Onder", "Saglam, Aylin", "Baysal, Bora", "Derwig, Iris E", "Celik, Nilufer", "Ak, Mehmet", "Aslan, Selma N", "Ulas, Mustafa", "Ersahin, Aynur", "Tayyar, Ahter T", "Duran, Bulent", "Aydin, Suleyman"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501218", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although many pregnant women have been infected by coronavirus, the presence of intrauterine vertical transmission has not been conclusively reported yet. What prevents this highly contagious virus from reaching the fetus? Is it only the presence of a strong placental barrier, or is it the natural absence of the some receptor that the viruses use for transmission? We, therefore, need to comprehensively understand the mechanism of action of the mammalian epithelial barriers located in two different organs with functional similarity. The barriers selected as potential targets by SARS-CoV-2 are the alveolo-capillary barrier (ACB), and the syncytio-capillary barrier (SCB). Caveolae are omega-shaped structures located on the cell membrane. They consist of caveolin-1 protein (Cav-1) and are involved in the internalisation of some viruses. By activating leukocytes and nuclear factor-\u03baB, Cav-1 initiates inflammatory reactions. The presence of more than one Cav-1 binding sites on coronavirus is an important finding supporting the possible relationship between SARS-CoV-2-mediated lung injury. While the ACB cells express Cav-1 there is no caveolin expression in syncytiotrophoblasts. In this short review, we will try to explain our hypothesis that the lack of caveolin expression in the SCB is one of the most important physiological mechanisms that prevents vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Since the physiological Cav-1 deficiency appears to prevent acute cell damage treatment algorithms could potentially be developed to block this pathway in the non-pregnant population affected by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32345526, "pmcid": "PMC7177074", "title": "Factors associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19. A quantitative evidence synthesis of clinical and laboratory data.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo", "Tavares, Carolina Santos Souza", "Santos, Victor Santana"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345526", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449883, "title": "Loss of Smell and Taste in 2013 European Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "Hans, Stephane", "Barillari, Maria Rosaria", "Jouffe, Lionel", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449883", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240543, "pmcid": "PMC7228285", "title": "The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on the safety and availability of blood transfusions in Italy.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Franchini, Massimo", "Farrugia, Albert", "Velati, Claudio", "Zanetti, Alessandro", "Romano, Luisa", "Grazzini, Giuliano", "Lopez, Nadia", "Pati, Ilaria", "Marano, Giuseppe", "Pupella, Simonetta", "Liumbruno, Giancarlo Maria"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240543", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460973, "pmcid": "PMC7246049", "title": "Age-related difference in the rate of COVID-19 mortality in women versus men.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Cagnacci, Angelo", "Xholli, Anjeza"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460973", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433782, "title": "Utilitarianism and the Pandemic.", "journal": "Bioethics", "authors": ["Savulescu, Julian", "Persson, Ingmar", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433782", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are no egalitarians in a pandemic. The scale of the challenge for health systems and public policy means that there is an ineluctable need to prioritize the needs of the many. It is impossible to treat all citizens equally, and a failure to carefully consider the consequences of actions could lead to massive preventable loss of life. In a pandemic there is a strong ethical need to consider how to do most good overall. Utilitarianism is an influential moral theory that states that the right action is the action that is expected to produce the greatest good. It offers clear operationalizable principles. In this paper we provide a summary of how utilitarianism could inform two challenging questions that have been important in the early phase of the pandemic: (a) Triage: which patients should receive access to a ventilator if there is overwhelming demand outstripping supply? (b) Lockdown: how should countries decide when to implement stringent social restrictions, balancing preventing deaths from COVID-19 with causing deaths and reductions in well-being from other causes? Our aim is not to argue that utilitarianism is the only relevant ethical theory, or in favour of a purely utilitarian approach. However, clearly considering which options will do the most good overall will help societies identify and consider the necessary cost of other values. Societies may choose either to embrace or not to embrace the utilitarian course, but with a clear understanding of the values involved and the price they are willing to pay."}, {"pmid": 32153168, "title": "[Legal liability of stomatological institutions in responding to state public health emergencies].", "journal": "Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Shen, S M"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32153168", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Crisis management in emergent public health event is a global difficult problem for researchers worldwide, which is highlighted by World Health Organization for its vital importance to public sanitation and health, life quality and survival. This article briefly analyzes and summarizes the relevant legal issues faced by stomatological institutions and workers after the emergent crisis caused by COVID-19 virus breakout in China since December 2019, so as to provide legal advises and guidance to stomatological institutions for responding public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32395391, "pmcid": "PMC7211913", "title": "Development of a rapid test kit for SARS-CoV-2: an example of product design.", "journal": "Biodes Manuf", "authors": ["Cui, Zhanfeng", "Chang, Hong", "Wang, Hui", "Lim, Boon", "Hsu, Chia-Chen", "Yu, Yejiong", "Jia, Huidong", "Wang, Yun", "Zeng, Yida", "Ji, Mengmeng", "Liu, Weizhi", "Inverarity, Catriona", "Huang, Wei E"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395391", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present an example of applying 'need-driven' product design principle to the development of a rapid test kit to detect SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19). The tests are intended for use in the field and, longer term, for home use. They detect whether a subject is currently infected with the virus and is infectious. The urgent need for large numbers of tests in field setting imposes constraints such as short test time and lack of access to specialist equipment, laboratories and skilled technicians to perform the test and interpret results. To meet these needs, an antigen test based on RT-LAMP with colorimetric readout was chosen. Direct use of swab sample with no RNA extraction was explored. After extensive experimental study (reported elsewhere), a rapid test kit has been fabricated to satisfy all design criteria."}, {"pmid": 32249164, "pmcid": "PMC7128409", "title": "[Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Anales de Pediatria].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Rey Galan, Corsino", "Manrique de Lara, Laia Alsina", "Anton Gamero, Montserrat", "Cano Garcinuno, Alfredo", "Solis Sanchez, Gonzalo"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249164", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447742, "pmcid": "PMC7245177", "title": "Clinical Insights into the Gastrointestinal Manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Dig Dis Sci", "authors": ["Kopel, Jonathan", "Perisetti, Abhilash", "Gajendran, Mahesh", "Boregowda, Umesha", "Goyal, Hemant"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447742", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The month of December 2019 became a critical part of the time of humanity when the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in the Wuhan, Hubei Province in China. As of April 13th, 2020, there have been approximately 1.9 million cases and 199,000 deaths across the world, which were associated with COVID-19. The COVID-19 is the seventh coronavirus to be identified to infect humans. In the past, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome were the two coronaviruses that infected humans with a high fatality, particularly among the elderly. Fatalities due to COVID-19 are higher in patients older than 50\u00a0years of age or those with multimorbid conditions. The COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, with the most common symptoms being high fever, cough, myalgia, atypical symptoms included sputum production, headache, hemoptysis and diarrhea. However, the incubation period can range from 2 to 14\u00a0days without any symptoms. It is particularly true with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in which patients can still shed the virus even after pulmonary symptoms have resolved. Given the high percentage of COVID-19 patients that present with GI symptoms (e.g., nausea and diarrhea), screening patients for GI symptoms remain essential. Recently, cases of fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 have been confirmed in the USA and China, indicating that the virus can replicate in both the respiratory and digestive tract. Moreover, the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic procedures, treatments and prevention of the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 remain to be elucidated."}, {"pmid": 32222208, "pmcid": "PMC7270951", "title": "US public health budget cuts in the face of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Devi, Sharmila"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222208", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403248, "title": "Dentistry during the COVID-19 Epidemic: An Italian Workflow for the Management of Dental Practice.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Peditto, Matteo", "Scapellato, Simone", "Marciano, Antonia", "Costa, Paola", "Oteri, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403248", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has raised concerns about infection control all over the world. Among health workers, dentists are particularly exposed to the COVID-19 infection risk. The aim of this paper is to present a workflow to manage dental procedures already in use at the Dental Unit of the University Hospital of Messina. The proposed workflow accounts for the many aspects of dental practitioners' risk in the COVID-19 era, and focuses on the assessment of patient risk level, a two-phase dental procedure management (remote and face-to-face), and the use of specific preventive measures. No cases of COVID-19 infection were detected among patients and staff of the dental unit in a two-month period of time while using this protocol. This workflow seems a promising and effective solution to manage dental procedures during the COVID-19 outbreak, and could be implemented in both public and private practices until the emergency is contained."}, {"pmid": 32378817, "title": "Inhaled Nebulized Sodium Pyruvate Use in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Isr Med Assoc J", "authors": ["Hidvegi, Mate"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378817", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302216, "title": "A Guide to Facial Trauma Triage and Precautions in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Hsieh, Tsung-Yen", "Dedhia, Raj D", "Chiao, Whitney", "Dresner, Harley", "Barta, Ruth J", "Lyford-Pike, Sofia", "Hamlar, David", "Stephan, Scott J", "Schubert, Warren", "Hilger, Peter A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an emerging viral illness that has rapidly transmitted throughout the world. Its impact on society and the health care system has compelled hospitals to quickly adapt and innovate as new information about the disease is uncovered. During this pandemic, essential medical and surgical services must be carried out while minimizing the risk of disease transmission to health care workers. There is an elevated risk of COVID-19 viral transmission to health care workers during surgical procedures of the head and neck due to potential aerosolization of viral particles from the oral cavity/naso-oropharynx mucosa. Thus, patients with facial fractures pose unique challenges to the variety of injuries and special considerations, including triaging injuries and protective measures against infection. The proximity to the oral cavity/naso-oropharyngeal mucosa, and potential for aerosolization of secretions containing viral particles during surgical procedures make most patients undergoing operative interventions for facial fractures high risk for COVID-19 transmission. Our proposed algorithm aims to balance patient care with patient/medical personnel protection as well as judicious health care utilization. It stratifies facial trauma procedures by urgency and assigns a recommended level of personal protective equipment, extreme or enhanced, incorporating current best practices and existing data on viral transmission. As this pandemic continues to evolve and more information is obtained, the protocol can be further refined and individualized to each institution."}, {"pmid": 32455961, "title": "Potential Application of Whole Body Vibration Exercise For Improving The Clinical Conditions of COVID-19 Infected Individuals: A Narrative Review From the World Association of Vibration Exercise Experts (WAVex) Panel.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Sanudo, Borja", "Seixas, Aderito", "Gloeckl, Rainer", "Rittweger, Jorn", "Rawer, Rainer", "Taiar, Redha", "van der Zee, Eddy A", "van Heuvelen, Marieke J G", "Lacerda, Ana Cristina", "Sartorio, Alessandro", "Bemben, Michael", "Cochrane, Darryl", "Furness, Trentham", "de Sa-Caputo, Danubia", "Bernardo-Filho, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455961", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease which leads to several clinical conditions related to the dysfunction of the respiratory system along with other physical and psychological complaints. Severely affected patients are referred to intensive care units (ICUs), limiting their possibilities for physical exercise. Whole body vibration (WBV) exercise is a non-invasive, physical therapy, that has been suggested as part of the procedures involved with pulmonary rehabilitation, even in ICU settings. Therefore, in the current review, the World Association of Vibration Exercise Experts (WAVEX) reviewed the potential of WBV exercise as a useful and safe intervention for the management of infected individuals with COVID-19 by mitigating the inactivity-related declines in physical condition and reducing the time in ICU. Recommendations regarding the reduction of fatigue and the risk of dyspnea, the improvement of the inflammatory and redox status favoring cellular homeostasis and the overall improvement in the quality of life are provided. Finally, practical applications for the use of this paradigm leading to a better prognosis in bed bound and ICU-bound subjects is proposed."}, {"pmid": 32282502, "pmcid": "PMC7219860", "title": "Cardiovascular Considerations in Treating Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Pharmacol", "authors": ["Dixon, Dave L", "Van Tassell, Benjamin W", "Vecchie, Alessandra", "Bonaventura, Aldo", "Talasaz, Azita H", "Kakavand, Hessam", "D'Ascenzo, Fabrizio", "Perciaccante, Antonio", "Castagno, Davide", "Ammirati, Enrico", "Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe", "Stevens, Michael P", "Abbate, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282502", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly across the globe since December 2019. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a significantly higher mortality rate than seasonal influenza and has disproportionately affected older adults, especially those with cardiovascular disease and related risk factors. Adverse cardiovascular sequelae, such as myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure, have been reported in patients with COVID-19. No established treatment is currently available; however, several therapies, including remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, and interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitors, are being used off-label and evaluated in ongoing clinical trials. Considering these therapies are not familiar to cardiovascular clinicians managing these patients, this review describes the pharmacology of these therapies in the context of their use in patients with cardiovascular-related conditions."}, {"pmid": 32282894, "pmcid": "PMC7170415", "title": "Diagnostic Testing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus 2: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Cheng, Matthew P", "Papenburg, Jesse", "Desjardins, Michael", "Kanjilal, Sanjat", "Quach, Caroline", "Libman, Michael", "Dittrich, Sabine", "Yansouni, Cedric P"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282894", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diagnostic testing to identify persons infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is central to control the global pandemic of COVID-19 that began in late 2019. In a few countries, the use of diagnostic testing on a massive scale has been a cornerstone of successful containment strategies. In contrast, the United States, hampered by limited testing capacity, has prioritized testing for specific groups of persons. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-based assays performed in a laboratory on respiratory specimens are the reference standard for COVID-19 diagnostics. However, point-of-care technologies and serologic immunoassays are rapidly emerging. Although excellent tools exist for the diagnosis of symptomatic patients in well-equipped laboratories, important gaps remain in screening asymptomatic persons in the incubation phase, as well as in the accurate determination of live viral shedding during convalescence to inform decisions to end isolation. Many affluent countries have encountered challenges in test delivery and specimen collection that have inhibited rapid increases in testing capacity. These challenges may be even greater in low-resource settings. Urgent clinical and public health needs currently drive an unprecedented global effort to increase testing capacity for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, the authors review the current array of tests for SARS-CoV-2, highlight gaps in current diagnostic capacity, and propose potential solutions."}, {"pmid": 32266184, "pmcid": "PMC7098456", "title": "Infants Born to Mothers With a New Coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Front Pediatr", "authors": ["Chen, Yan", "Peng, Hua", "Wang, Lin", "Zhao, Yin", "Zeng, Lingkong", "Gao, Hui", "Liu, Yalan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266184", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel viral respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for an epidemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in cases in China and worldwide. Four full-term, singleton infants were born to pregnant women who tested positive for COVID-19 in the city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China, where the disease was first identified. Of the three infants, for who consent to be diagnostically tested was provided, none tested positive for the virus. None of the infants developed serious clinical symptoms such as fever, cough, diarrhea, or abnormal radiologic or hematologic evidence, and all four infants were alive at the time of hospital discharge. Two infants had rashes of unknown etiology at birth, and one had facial ulcerations. One infant had tachypnea and was supported by non-invasive mechanical ventilation for 3 days. One had rashes at birth but was discharged without parental consent for a diagnostic test. This case report describes the clinical course of four live born infants, born to pregnant women with the COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32232216, "pmcid": "PMC7092921", "title": "Incidentally Diagnosed COVID-19 Infection in Trauma Patients; a Clinical Experience.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Khazaei, Mehdi", "Asgari, Reyhaneh", "Zarei, Ehsan", "Moharramzad, Yashar", "Haghighatkhah, Hamidreza", "Sanei Taheri, Morteza"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232216", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311151, "pmcid": "PMC7264658", "title": "Description of COVID-19 cases along with the measures taken on prevention and control in Zhejiang, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Guan", "Chen, Wenhu", "Jin, Xian", "Chen, Yi-Peng"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311151", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Under the outbreak of COVID-19, it was urgent to analyze the cases from clinical features and epidemiological factors, as well as understand the effectiveness of measures taken on disease prevent and control. A retrospective study was applied for descriptive analysis of clinical features and epidemiological factors of confirmed cases in four cities of Zhejiang. The Onset-admission interval was calculated and plotted as well. The provincial measures regarding the response of COVID-19 were summed up and sorted out. The distribution and sex and age were under normality distribution, and the age of 20 to 80 were all in risk of developing the disease. Clinical features of fever and cough were found mostly happen on patients. More than half of the patients had image changed on chest from reported data. The factor of closely contacted with confirmed cases was the most cause to the disease. The median onset-admission interval was 6 days in Zhejiang province. As of the efficient health system, COVID-19 had been successfully prevented and controlled in Zhejiang. Males and females were all vulnerable to COVID-19. Preventing contact with confirmed cases could largely avoid the disease to happen. The government should take emergent and effective measures to prevent and treatment of the pandemic disease."}, {"pmid": 32523135, "title": "Care of acute coronary syndromes during the health contingency due to a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Pina-Reyna, Yigal", "Garcia-Rincon, Andres", "Ortiz-Fernandez P, Patricio H", "Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A", "Gutierrez-Fajardo, Pedro", "Merino-Rajme, Jose A", "Reyes-Teran, Gustavo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523135", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The communications accumulated in the last weeks make it clear that there is no agreement to define the best treatment strategy in patients with acute coronary syndrome (SICA). In patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (IAMCESST), it has been suggested to favor fibrinolysis (FL) over primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), reserving ICP for cases of failed FL1,2; however, some societies have maintained the indication of the ICPp as the repercussion method of choice3. In SICAs without ST segment elevation (SICASESST) the recommendations are very similar, favoring medical treatment over percutaneous coronary intervention in this subgroup of patients1. Several companies consider the contagion status, particularly in the SICASESST, to decide which repercussion follow3. Anticipating that the epidemiological curve in Mexico will be similar to that observed in most countries, we recommend continuing the care of patients with SICA, the catheterization rooms must maintain their operation."}, {"pmid": 32441991, "title": "Cloth Masks May Prevent Transmission of COVID-19: An Evidence-Based, Risk-Based Approach.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Clase, Catherine M", "Fu, Edouard L", "Joseph, Meera", "Beale, Rupert C L", "Dolovich, Myrna B", "Jardine, Meg", "Mann, Johannes F E", "Pecoits-Filho, Roberto", "Winkelmayer, Wolfgang C", "Carrero, Juan J"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441991", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511846, "title": "Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 in Dermatology.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Abdshahzadeh, Hormoz", "Abrishamchi, Reyhaneh", "Rudnicka, Lidia", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Gupta, Mrinal"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511846", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339228, "pmcid": "PMC7197615", "title": "Interactive web-based graphs of novel coronavirus COVID-19 cases and deaths per population by country.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Idogawa, Masashi", "Tange, Shoichiro", "Nakase, Hiroshi", "Tokino, Takashi"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339228", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An accurate grasp of COVID-19 situation is considered highly important. The website we launched provides graphs of COVID-19 cases and deaths per one million population over time including trajectory analysis, and one can easily grasp the COVID-19 trend and adequately compare the situation between countries through this interactive graph system."}, {"pmid": 32446652, "pmcid": "PMC7235598", "title": "Global drug shortages due to COVID-19: Impact on patient care and mitigation strategies.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Badreldin, Hisham A", "Atallah, Bassam"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446652", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) arising from Wuhan, China, is currently outbreaking worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic. COVID-19 could cause a wide range of symptoms ranging from self-limiting fever, sore throat, and cough to more severe symptoms that could lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. As a result of the lockdown and increased demand, drug shortages could become a growing global issue. This article aims to shed light on the potential impact of drug shortages as a result of this pandemic on patient outcomes and the role of pharmacists and pharmacy policymakers in alleviating this emerging problem."}, {"pmid": 32482131, "pmcid": "PMC7267742", "title": "Otolaryngology in the Time of Corona: Assessing Operative Impact and Risk During the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Kuhar, Hannah N", "Heilingoetter, Ashley", "Bergman, Maxwell", "Worobetz, Noah", "Chiang, Tendy", "Matrka, Laura"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482131", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Limited research exists on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic pertaining to otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS). The present study seeks to understand the response of OHNS workflows in the context of policy changes and to contribute to developing preparatory guidelines for perioperative management in OHNS. Retrospective cohort study. Pediatric and general adult academic medical centers and a Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC). OHNS cases from March 18 to April 8, 2020-the 3 weeks immediately following the Ohio state-mandated suspension of all elective surgery on March 18, 2020-were compared with a 2019 control data set. During this time, OHNS at the general adult and pediatric medical centers and CCC experienced 87.8%, 77.1%, and 32% decreases in surgical procedures as compared with 2019, respectively. Aerosol-generating procedures accounted for 86.8% of general adult cases, 92.4% of pediatric cases, and 62.0% of CCC cases. Preoperative COVID-19 testing occurred in 7.1% of general adult, 9% of pediatric, and 6.9% of CCC cases. The majority of procedures were tiers 3a and 3b per the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Aerosol-protective personal protective equipment (PPE) was worn in 28.6% of general adult, 90% of pediatric, and 15.5% of CCC cases. For OHNS, the majority of essential surgical cases remained high-risk aerosol-generating procedures. Preoperative COVID-19 testing and intraoperative PPE usage were initially inconsistent; systemwide guidelines were developed rapidly but lagged behind recommendations of the OHNS department and its academy. OHNS best practice standards are needed for preoperative COVID-19 status screening and PPE usage as we begin national reopening."}, {"pmid": 32316718, "title": "Systematic rapid \"living\" review on rehabilitation needs due to covid-19: update to march 31st 2020.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Ceravolo, Maria G", "De Sire, Alessandro", "Andrenelli, Elisa", "Negrini, Francesco", "Negrini, Stefano"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316718", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Covid-19 epidemics has challenged the provision of health care worldwide, highlighting the main flaws of some national health systems with respect to their capacity to cope with the needs of frail subjects. People experiencing disability due to Covid-19 express specific rehabilitation needs that deserve a systematic evidence-based approach. To provide the rehabilitation community with updates on the latest scientific literature on rehabilitation needs due to Covid-19. The first rapid \"living\" review will present the results of a systematic search performed up to March 31st, 2020. A systematic search on PubMed, Pedro and Google Scholar was performed using the search terms: \"Covid-19\", \"Coronavirus\", \"severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\", \"rehabilitation\", \"physical therapy modalities\", \"exercise\", \"occupational therapy\", and \"late complications\". Papers published up to March 31st, 2020, in English, were included. Out of the 2758 articles retrieved, 9 were included in the present review. Four of them are \"calls for action\", 3 provide recommendations about rehabilitation interventions in the acute phase, 2 address the needs of people quarantined at home or with restricted mobility due to the lockdown, and 1 provides a Core Outcome Set to be used in clinical trials to test the efficacy of health strategies in managing Covid-19 patients. All selected papers were based on previous literature and not on the current Covid-19 pandemic. Main messages included: 1) early rehabilitation should be granted to inpatients with Covid-19; 2) people with restricted mobility due to quarantine or lockdown should receive exercise programs to reduce the risk of frailty, sarcopenia, cognitive decline and depression; 3) telerehabilitation may represent the first option for people at home. Further updates are warranted in order to characterize the emerging disability in Covid-19 survivors and the adverse effects on the health of chronically disabled people."}, {"pmid": 32356945, "pmcid": "PMC7206930", "title": "Children with Covid-19 in Pediatric Emergency Departments in Italy.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Parri, Niccolo", "Lenge, Matteo", "Buonsenso, Danilo"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356945", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387512, "pmcid": "PMC7202825", "title": "Emergent hospital reform in response to outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Li, Jingwen", "Zhang, Qing", "Fang, Xi", "Li, Na", "Hu, Caiying", "Lin, Zhicheng", "Xiong, Nian"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387512", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356639, "title": "The ethical dimension of prioritization and allocation decisions within the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Pawlikowski, Jakub"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356639", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234102, "pmcid": "PMC7156565", "title": "The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and implications for clinical practice.", "journal": "Eur Psychiatry", "authors": ["Fiorillo, Andrea", "Gorwood, Philip"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234102", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447761, "title": "Dermatological findings in COVID-19 patients: Mexican experience.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Macedo-Perez, Marysol", "Barragan-Estudillo, Zamira F", "Castillo-Montufar, Elizabeth", "Choi, Su J", "Fernandez-Rueda, Paulina", "Donis-Hernandez, Jose", "Virgen-Cuevas, Margarita M", "Lopez-Enriquez, Claudia C", "Martinez-Hernandez, Lucia", "Carballo-Zarate, Adrian A", "Leal-Osuna, Sergio E"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447761", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243779, "pmcid": "PMC7270612", "title": "Medicine: before COVID-19, and after.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["McCartney, Margaret"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243779", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306500, "pmcid": "PMC7264654", "title": "Supporting pandemic response using genomics and bioinformatics: A case study on the emergent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Bauer, Denis C", "Tay, Aidan P", "Wilson, Laurence O W", "Reti, Daniel", "Hosking, Cameron", "McAuley, Alexander J", "Pharo, Elizabeth", "Todd, Shawn", "Stevens, Vicky", "Neave, Matthew J", "Tachedjian, Mary", "Drew, Trevor W", "Vasan, Seshadri S"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306500", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pre-clinical responses to fast-moving infectious disease outbreaks heavily depend on choosing the best isolates for animal models that inform diagnostics, vaccines and treatments. Current approaches are driven by practical considerations (e.g. first available virus isolate) rather than a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the virus strain chosen, which can lead to animal models that are not representative of the circulating or emerging clusters. Here, we suggest a combination of epidemiological, experimental and bioinformatic considerations when choosing virus strains for animal model generation. We discuss the currently chosen SARS-CoV-2 strains for international coronavirus disease (COVID-19) models in the context of their phylogeny as well as in a novel alignment-free bioinformatic approach. Unlike phylogenetic trees, which focus on individual shared mutations, this new approach assesses genome-wide co-developing functionalities and hence offers a more fluid view of the 'cloud of variances' that RNA viruses are prone to accumulate. This joint approach concludes that while the current animal models cover the existing viral strains adequately, there is substantial evolutionary activity that is likely not considered by the current models. Based on insights from the non-discrete alignment-free approach and experimental observations, we suggest isolates for future animal models."}, {"pmid": 32384910, "pmcid": "PMC7209975", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers' contamination and death: an international view.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Hassanian-Moghaddam, Hossein", "Zamani, Nasim", "Kolahi, Ali-Asghar"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384910", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305382, "pmcid": "PMC7162791", "title": "Vascular surgery department adjustments in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Gouveia E Melo, Ryan", "Pedro, Luis Mendes"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305382", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498946, "pmcid": "PMC7237362", "title": "COVID 19: Surgery & the question of race.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Collier, Karole T", "Rothstein, David H"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498946", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452838, "pmcid": "PMC7268828", "title": "Vulnerable Immigrant Populations in the New York Metropolitan Area and COVID-19: Lessons Learned in the Epicenter of the Crisis.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Behbahani, Sara", "Smith, Cynthia A", "Carvalho, Michelly", "Warren, Christopher J", "Gregory, Micah", "Silva, Nicole A"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452838", "countries": ["United States", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epicenter of the COVID-19 crisis since March 17, 2020-the New York metropolitan area-is home to some of the largest Latino immigrant communities in the nation. These communities have long faced barriers to health care access, challenges due to immigration status, and financial and labor instability. The COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated these existing issues in a vulnerable, often forgotten, immigrant community. It is challenging for this population to access public information regarding COVID-19 testing, treatment, and assistance programs because this information is seldom disseminated in Spanish and even less frequently in Portuguese. While long-term solutions will require time and changes to policy, some short-term measures can mitigate the current situation. The authors share their experience from Newark, New Jersey, where partnerships of public and private community-based organizations (CBOs) have been successful in establishing trust between the health care system and a fearful Latino community. The Ironbound Initiative, a student group at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School in Newark, New Jersey, has partnered with Mantena Global Care, a Brazilian CBO in Newark, to facilitate dissemination of COVID-19-relevant information. Medical student volunteers, removed from their clinical duties, serve as virtual patient navigators, using social media to reach community members with the goals of improving awareness of precautions to take during the pandemic and of increasing access to needed medical care. These students have collaborated with colleagues in other disciplines to provide necessary legal guidance to community members fearful of seeking care because of their immigration status. The authors urge other academic institutions across the country to recruit multidisciplinary teams of medical, health professional, and law students invested in their local communities and to empower students to partner with CBOs, immigrant community leaders, faith-based organizations, hospitals, and local authorities to support these vulnerable communities during this crisis."}, {"pmid": 32400358, "pmcid": "PMC7219029", "title": "Estimating number of cases and spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) using critical care admissions, United Kingdom, February to March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Jit, Mark", "Jombart, Thibaut", "Nightingale, Emily S", "Endo, Akira", "Abbott, Sam", "Lshtm Centre For Mathematical Modelling Of Infectious Diseases Covid-Working Group", "Edmunds, W John"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400358", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An exponential growth model was fitted to critical care admissions from two surveillance databases to determine likely coronavirus disease (COVID-19) case numbers, critical care admissions and epidemic growth in the United Kingdom before the national lockdown. We estimate, on 23 March, a median of 114,000 (95% credible interval (CrI): 78,000-173,000) new cases and 258 (95% CrI: 220-319) new critical care reports, with 527,000 (95% CrI: 362,000-797,000) cumulative cases since 16 February."}, {"pmid": 32425324, "pmcid": "PMC7228731", "title": "In Memoriam: Physicians Who Have Died of COVID-19 in the United States.", "journal": "Clin Dermatol", "authors": ["Hoenig, Leonard J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425324", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300993, "pmcid": "PMC7160820", "title": "Collective Call to Action for HIV/AIDS Community-Based Collaborative Science in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Shoptaw, Steven", "Goodman-Meza, David", "Landovitz, Raphael J"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300993", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488933, "title": "N95 respirator, COVID-19, and health care worker.", "journal": "Int Wound J", "authors": ["Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488933", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32248146, "pmcid": "PMC7134482", "title": "Protecting healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2 infection: practical indications.", "journal": "Eur Respir Rev", "authors": ["Ferioli, Martina", "Cisternino, Cecilia", "Leo, Valentina", "Pisani, Lara", "Palange, Paolo", "Nava, Stefano"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248146", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization has recently defined the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection a pandemic. The infection, that may cause a potentially very severe respiratory disease, now called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has airborne transmission via droplets. The rate of transmission is quite high, higher than common influenza. Healthcare workers are at high risk of contracting the infection particularly when applying respiratory devices such as oxygen cannulas or noninvasive ventilation. The aim of this article is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the correct use of \"respiratory devices\" in the COVID-19 emergency and protect healthcare workers from contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32470120, "title": "Age differences in COVID-19 risk perceptions and mental health:Evidence from a national US survey conducted in March 2020.", "journal": "J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci", "authors": ["Bruine de Bruin, Wandi"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470120", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Theories of aging posit that older adult age is associated with less negative emotions, but few studies have examined age differences at times of novel challenges. As COVID-19 spread in the United States, this study therefore aimed to examine age differences in risk perceptions, anxiety and depression. In March 2020, a nationally representative address-based sample of 6666 US adults assessed their perceived risk of getting COVID-19, dying if getting it, getting quarantined, losing their job (if currently working), and running out of money. They completed a mental health assessment for anxiety and depression. Demographic variables and pre-crisis depression diagnosis had previously been reported. In regression analyses controlling for demographic variables and survey date, older adult age was associated with perceiving larger risks of dying if getting COVID-19, but with perceiving less risk of getting COVID-19, getting quarantined, or running out of money, as well as less depression and anxiety. Findings held after additionally controlling for pre-crisis reports of depression diagnosis. With the exception of perceived infection-fatality risk, US adults who were relatively older appeared to have a more optimistic outlook and better mental health during the early stages of the pandemic. Interventions may be needed to help people of all ages maintain realistic perceptions of the risks, while also managing depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 crisis. Implications for risk communication and mental health interventions are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32434400, "title": "COVID-19: ensuring our medical equipment can meet the challenge.", "journal": "Expert Rev Med Devices", "authors": ["Garzotto, Francesco", "Ceresola, Erica", "Panagiotakopoulou, Sofia", "Spina, Giovanni", "Menotto, Francesca", "Benozzi, Marco", "Casarotto, Maurizio", "Lanera, Corrado", "Bonavina, Maria Giuseppina", "Gregori, Dario", "Meneghesso, Gaudenzio", "Opocher, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434400", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To predict the spread of coronavirus disease globally and consequently prepare the hospital facilities with the required technology is a challenge. The availability of essential medical equipment to support patients affected by Covid-19 is globally limited. This perspective gives a technical view of the pandemic focusing on the main actions taken by regulatory agencies to cope with the shortage of devices. The risk/benefit assessment and the main infection control policies in the clinical practices are also looked at. Regulatory agencies have amended their medical devices directives to address the pandemic, but each in a different way. In this exceptional situation scientist and technology experts in collaboration with medical specialists should work together to re-assess the risk analysis on medical equipment management and their use and re-use in this context with the aim to improve global healthcare. Every effort must be made to provide the necessary devices at least with the minimum acceptable performances for Covid-19 patients while maintaining a high standard of safety for users. The aim of the present manuscript is to highlight the technical challenges in order to prevent, through targeted actions, operating standards from falling below the standards of care due to a lack of medical devices."}, {"pmid": 32317503, "title": "Ophthalmology in the time of corona: Measures taken in a tertiary eye care hospital in Rajasthan against COVID-19 spread.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Jain, Prateek", "Pattnaik, Anshuman", "Bhatnagar, Vishal C"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317503", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247018, "pmcid": "PMC7118600", "title": "AGA Institute Rapid Recommendations for Gastrointestinal Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Sultan, Shahnaz", "Lim, Joseph K", "Altayar, Osama", "Davitkov, Perica", "Feuerstein, Joseph D", "Siddique, Shazia M", "Falck-Ytter, Yngve", "El-Serag, Hashem B"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247018", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278729, "pmcid": "PMC7194919", "title": "Surgical Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Singapore Perspective.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Ahmed, Saleem", "Tan, Wei Leong Glenn", "Chong, Yew-Lam"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278729", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518138, "title": "COVID-19: lessons learned from a paediatric high consequence infectious diseases unit.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Whittaker, Elizabeth", "Sinha, Ruchi"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518138", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512132, "title": "Assessing the fear of COVID-19 among different populations: A response to Ransing et al. (2020).", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Pakpour, Amir H", "Griffiths, Mark D", "Chang, Kun-Chia", "Chen, Yu-Pin", "Kuo, Yi-Jie", "Lin, Chung-Ying"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512132", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405254, "pmcid": "PMC7219382", "title": "Real-time PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 detection in Canadian laboratories.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["LeBlanc, Jason J", "Gubbay, Jonathan B", "Li, Yan", "Needle, Robert", "Arneson, Sandra Radons", "Marcino, Dionne", "Charest, Hugues", "Desnoyers, Guillaume", "Dust, Kerry", "Fattouh, Ramzi", "Garceau, Richard", "German, Gregory", "Hatchette, Todd F", "Kozak, Robert A", "Krajden, Mel", "Kuschak, Theodore", "Lang, Amanda L S", "Levett, Paul", "Mazzulli, Tony", "McDonald, Ryan", "Mubareka, Samira", "Prystajecky, Natalie", "Rutherford, Candy", "Smieja, Marek", "Yu, Yang", "Zahariadis, George", "Zelyas, Nathan", "Bastien, Nathalie"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405254", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With emergence of pandemic COVID-19, rapid and accurate diagnostic testing is essential. This study compared laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Canadian hospital and public health laboratories, and some commercially available real-time RT-PCR assays. Overall, analytical sensitivities were equivalent between LDTs and most commercially available methods."}, {"pmid": 32345755, "title": "Schwartz rounds for healthcare personnel in coping with covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Saniasiaya, Jeyasakthy", "Ramasamy, Kuganathan"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410776, "pmcid": "PMC7221367", "title": "Clozapine treated patients and COVID-19: Ensuring continued care through collaboration.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Leung, Jonathan G", "Wittenberger, Terri S", "Schak, Kathryn M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410776", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380089, "pmcid": "PMC7198394", "title": "Managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease During COVID-19: Summary of Recommendations from Gastrointestinal Societies.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Hanzel, Jurij", "Ma, Christopher", "Marshall, John K", "Feagan, Brian G", "Jairath, Vipul"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380089", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367422, "pmcid": "PMC7197921", "title": "Interpretation of CT signs of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Wu, Jing", "Pan, Junping", "Teng, Da", "Xu, Xunhua", "Feng, Jianghua", "Chen, Yu-Chen"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367422", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To characterize and interpret the CT imaging signs of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in China. The CT images of 130 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 pneumonia from several hospitals in China were collected and their imaging features were analyzed and interpreted in detail. Among the 130 patients, we can see\u00a0(1) distribution: 14 cases with unilateral lung disease and 116 cases with bilateral disease, the distribution was mainly lobular core (99 cases) and subpleural (102 cases); (2) number: 9 cases with single lesion, 113 cases with multiple lesions, and 8 cases with diffuse distribution; (3) density: 70 cases of pure ground glass opacity (GGO), and 60 cases of GGO with consolidation; (4) accompanying signs: vascular thickening (100 cases), \"parallel pleura sign\" (98 cases), \"paving stone sign\" (100 cases), \"halo sign\" (18 cases), \"reversed halo sign\" (6 cases), pleural effusion (2 cases), and pneumonocele (2 cases). After follow-up CT examination on 35 patients, 21 cases turned better and 14 became worse. There were signs of consolidation with marginal contraction, bronchiectasis, subpleural line, or fibrous streak. GGO and consolidation are the most common CT signs of COVID-19 pneumonia, mainly with lobular distribution and subpleural distribution. The main manifestations were tissue organization and fibrosis at late stage. The most valuable features are the parallel pleura sign and the paving stone sign. \u2022 The CT signs of the COVID-19 pneumonia are mainly distributed in the lobular core, subpleural and diffused bilaterally. \u2022 The CT signs include the \"parallel pleura sign,\" \"paving stone sign,\" \"halo sign,\" and \"reversed halo sign.\" \u2022 During the follow-up, the distribution of lobular core, the fusion of lesions, and the organization changes at late stage will appear."}, {"pmid": 32427432, "title": "The Covid-19 Pandemic and the Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Solomon, Matthew D", "McNulty, Edward J", "Rana, Jamal S", "Leong, Thomas K", "Lee, Catherine", "Sung, Sue-Hee", "Ambrosy, Andrew P", "Sidney, Stephen", "Go, Alan S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427432", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32193906, "pmcid": "PMC7086087", "title": "Are We Ready for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Arriving at Schools?", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Choe, Young June", "Choi, Eun Hwa"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193906", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259155, "pmcid": "PMC7117791", "title": "Covid 19 pandemic and gynaecological laparoscopic surgery: knowns and unknowns.", "journal": "Facts Views Vis Obgyn", "authors": ["Mallick, R", "Odejinmi, F", "Clark, T J"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259155", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide impact of COVID 19 continues to be felt as hospitals in all countries reduce elective and non-urgent cases to allow staffing and resources to be deployed elsewhere. Urgent gynaecological and cancer procedures are continuing, and it is imperative all theatre staff are protected and risks of SARS-CoV-2 viral transmission reduced when operating on asymptomatic, suspected or confirmed COVID 19 patients. In particular, there are concerns relating to the transmission of COVID 19 during gynaecological laparoscopic surgery, arising from the potential generation of SARS-CoV-2 contaminated aerosols from CO2 leakage and the creation of smoke from the use of energy devices. The aim of this paper is to review all the up to date evidence, including experiences from China and Italy, to guide the safe management of such patients when undergoing gynaecological procedures."}, {"pmid": 32527870, "title": "Covid-19: Lack of confidentiality affects healthcare staff too.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Adhiyaman, Vedamurthy"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527870", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249660, "title": "The Effects of COVID-19 on Academic Activities and Surgical Education in Italy.", "journal": "J Invest Surg", "authors": ["Gallo, Gaetano", "Trompetto, Mario"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249660", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453902, "title": "Chilblains-like lesions and COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453902", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The publication entitled \"Chilblains-like lesions in children following suspected Covid-19 infection\" is very interesting [1]. Colonna et al. reported four children with suspected COVID-19 cases with \"[h]istology from one case showed signs of vasculitis with evident fibrin thrombus [1].\" While various skin findings have been reported with COVID-19 infection, the chilblains lesions have been reported from Italy and Spain, and sporadically from China, the starting point of disease pandemic [2-5]."}, {"pmid": 32522632, "title": "Clinical course of three postoperative symptomatic Covid-19 cases in patients after lung lobectomy.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Stoleriu, Mircea Gabriel", "Gerckens, Michael", "Hetrodt, Justin", "Heiss-Neumann, Marion", "Koch, Ina", "Stacher-Priehse, Elvira", "Dinkel, Julien", "Behr, Jurgen", "Grutzner, Uwe", "Hatz, Rudolf"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522632", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Its rapid spread and severe clinical presentation influences patient management in all specialties including thoracic surgery. We report three cases of Covid-19 occurring in patients shortly after thoracotomy and thoracoscopy procedures, illustrating the imminent threat of SARS-CoV-2 infection for thoracic surgery patients."}, {"pmid": 32499169, "pmcid": "PMC7236703", "title": "Is it Possible to Safely Maintain a Regular Vascular Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg", "authors": ["Pini, Rodolfo", "Faggioli, Gianluca", "Vacirca, Andrea", "Gallitto, Enrico", "Mascoli, Chiara", "Attard, Luciano", "Viale, Pierluigi", "Gargiulo, Mauro"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499169", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to evaluate the protocol adopted during the emergency phase of the COVID-19 pandemic to maintain elective activity in a vascular surgery unit while minimising the risk of contamination to both patients and physicians, and the impact of this activity on the intensive care (IC) resources. The activity of a vascular surgery unit was analysed from 8 March to 8 April 2020. Surgical activity was maintained only for acute or elective procedures obeying priority criteria. The preventive screening protocol consisted of nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) for all patients and physicians with symptoms and for unprotected contact infected cases, and serological physician evaluations every 15 days. Patients treated in the acute setting were considered theoretically infected and the necessary protective devices were used. The number of patients and the possible infection of physicians were evaluated. The number and type of interventions and the need for post-operative IC during this period were compared with those in the same periods in 2018 and 2019. One hundred and fifty-one interventions were performed, of which 34 (23%) were acute/emergency. The total number of interventions was similar to those performed in the same periods in 2019 and 2018: 150 (33, of which 22% acute/emergency) and 117 (29, 25% acute/emergency), respectively. IC was necessary after 6% (17% in 2019 and 20% in 2018) of elective operations and 33% (11) of acute/emergency interventions. None of the patients treated electively were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection during hospitalisation. Of the 34 patients treated in acute/emergency interventions, five (15%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. It was necessary to screen 14 (47%) vascular surgeons with NPS after contact with infected colleagues, but none for unprotected contact with patients; all were found to be negative on NPS and serological evaluation. A dedicated protocol allowed maintenance of regular elective vascular surgery activity during the emergency phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, with no contamination of patients or physicians and minimal need for IC resources."}, {"pmid": 32469137, "title": "A novel simple scoring model for predicting severity of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Dong, Yalan", "Zhou, Haifeng", "Li, Mingyue", "Zhang, Zili", "Guo, Weina", "Yu, Ting", "Gui, Yang", "Wang, Quansheng", "Zhao, Lei", "Luo, Shanshan", "Fan, Heng", "Hu, Desheng"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469137", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and quickly spread throughout the country and world. An efficient and convenient method based on clinical characteristics was needed to evaluate the potential deterioration in patients. We aimed to develop a simple and practical risk scoring system to predict the severity of COVID-19 patients on admission. We retrospectively investigated the clinical information of confirmed COVID-19 patients from 10 February 2020 to 29 February 2020 in Wuhan Union Hospital. Predictors of severity were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 147 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were grouped into non-severe (94 patients) and severe (53 patients) groups. We found that an increased level of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, D-dimer, fibrinogen (FIB), IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), \u03b1-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), serum\u00a0amyloid\u00a0A (SAA) and a decreased level of lymphocytes were important risk factors associated with severity. Furthermore, three variables were used to formulate a clinical risk scoring system named COVID-19 index\u00a0=\u00a03\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0D-dimer (\u00b5g/L)\u00a0+\u00a02\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0lgESR (mm/hr)\u00a0-\u00a04\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0lymphocyte (\u00d7109 /L)\u00a0+\u00a08. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.843 (95% CI, 0.771-0.914). We propose an effective scoring system to predict the severity of COVID-19 patients. This simple prediction model may provide healthcare workers with a practical method and could positively impact decision-making with regard to deteriorating patients."}, {"pmid": 32462968, "pmcid": "PMC7265684", "title": "Why have nanotechnologies been underutilized in the global uprising against the coronavirus pandemic?", "journal": "Nanomedicine (Lond)", "authors": ["Uskokovic, Vuk"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462968", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prior research on nanotechnologies in diagnostics, prevention and treatment of coronavirus infections is reviewed. Gold nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots in colorimetric and immunochromatographic assays, silica nanoparticles in a\u00a0polymerase chain reaction and spike protein nanospheres as antigen carriers and adjuvants in vaccine formulations present notable examples in diagnostics and prevention, while uses of nanoparticles in coronavirus infection treatments have been merely sporadic. The current absence of antiviral therapeutics that specifically target human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, might be largely due to the underuse of nanotechnologies. Elucidating the interface between nanoparticles and coronaviruses is timely, but presents the only route to the rational design of precisely targeted therapeutics for coronavirus infections. Such a fundamental approach is also a viable prophylaxis against future pandemics of this type."}, {"pmid": 32301760, "pmcid": "PMC7172489", "title": "COVID-19 Presenting as Acute Hepatitis.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Wander, Praneet", "Epstein, Marcia", "Bernstein, David"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301760", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495091, "pmcid": "PMC7269618", "title": "Covid-19: an Imperative to Bridge the Gap Between Medicine And Public Health.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Mushlin, Alvin I"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495091", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504014, "title": "Universities will never be the same after the coronavirus crisis.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Witze, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504014", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302812, "pmcid": "PMC7151460", "title": "Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ogen, Yaron"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302812", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy", "France", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an ambient trace-gas result of both natural and anthropogenic processes. Long-term exposure to NO2 may cause a wide spectrum of severe health problems such as hypertension, diabetes, heart and cardiovascular diseases and even death. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between long-term exposure to NO2 and coronavirus fatality. The Sentinel-5P is used for mapping the tropospheric NO2 distribution and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis for evaluating the atmospheric capability to disperse the pollution. The spatial analysis has been conducted on a regional scale and combined with the number of death cases taken from 66 administrative regions in Italy, Spain, France and Germany. Results show that out of the 4443 fatality cases, 3487 (78%) were in five regions located in north Italy and central Spain. Additionally, the same five regions show the highest NO2 concentrations combined with downwards airflow which prevent an efficient dispersion of air pollution. These results indicate that the long-term exposure to this pollutant may be one of the most important contributors to fatality caused by the COVID-19 virus in these regions and maybe across the whole world."}, {"pmid": 32478544, "title": "Art therapy in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Braus, Mallory", "Morton, Brenda"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478544", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are fighting two invisible enemies: COVID-19 and mental health challenges due to unmitigated stress and trauma as we follow directions to avoid the spread of the virus. To address the mental health challenges, art therapy is offered as a tool to support individuals during periods of isolation. Art therapy is a wonderful self-care activity that can benefit individuals throughout the life span. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32495654, "title": "Targeting SARS-CoV-2 using polycomb inhibitors as antiviral agents.", "journal": "Epigenomics", "authors": ["Ayaz, Sameer", "Crea, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495654", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353792, "pmcid": "PMC7180359", "title": "Safe management of laryngectomized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Parrinello, Giampiero", "Missale, Francesco", "Sampieri, Claudio", "Carobbio, Andrea Luigi Camillo", "Peretti, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520283, "title": "Epidemiology, social sciences and health policies in the fight against COVID-19.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Silva, Antonio Augusto Moura da", "Minayo, Maria Cecilia de Souza", "Gomes, Romeu"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520283", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349051, "pmcid": "PMC7219831", "title": "Early Acute Respiratory Support for Pregnant Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Pacheco, Luis D", "Saad, Antonio F", "Saade, George"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349051", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting pregnant patients worldwide. Although it appears that the severity of disease is reduced in pregnant patients, some are likely to develop severe disease. Our objective is to summarize the basic initial respiratory support interventions recommended for pregnant patients with infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)."}, {"pmid": 32332026, "title": "David Oliver: Let's not forget care homes when covid-19 is over.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Oliver, David"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332026", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449187, "title": "Willingness of Chinese nurses to practice in Hubei combating the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic: A cross-sectional study.", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["Gan, Xiaoqing", "Shi, Zeya", "Ying Chair, Sek", "Cao, Xi", "Wang, Qun"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449187", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the willingness of Chinese nurses to practice in Hubei combating the coronavirus disease 2019 and to explore the associated factors. A cross-sectional survey. Clinical nurses were conveniently recruited by an online link in three provinces out of Hubei, including Hunan (Central south), Chongqing (Southwest) and Xinjiang (Northwest) during 4-10 February 2020. A structured questionnaire was distributed by an online investigation system. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, willingness, possible influencing factors (previous experience, health status, training conditions, perceptions on volunteering to practice in Hubei, family attitude and insurance) were collected. Binary logistic regression was conducted to explore the association of different factors with the willingness decision of nurses. A total of 11,183 nurses participated in this survey and a high proportion of them were willing to volunteer to practice in Hubei combating the epidemic. Nurses who were likely to volunteer had the following characteristics: younger, unmarried, members of the Communist Party of China, with senior professional qualification, working in critical care departments, with support from their families, with adequate training and learning, with good health status and low levels of anxiety. The regression model could explain 31.1% of the variances of the willingness decision of nurses. A high proportion of nurses in China were willing to practice in Hubei during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic. Adequate training and psychological support would facilitate nurses to volunteer during the outbreak of an infectious disease. The study identified a high proportion of nurses in China were willing to to practice in Hubei combating the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic. The findings will provide valuable references for nurses and decision makers to formulate better plans for increasing nursing workforce during such kind of public health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32501308, "pmcid": "PMC7247497", "title": "Marketing innovations during a global crisis: A study of China firms' response to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Bus Res", "authors": ["Wang, Yonggui", "Hong, Aoran", "Li, Xia", "Gao, Jia"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501308", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a worldwide disaster, the COVID-19 crisis is profoundly affecting the development of the global economy and threatening the survival of firms worldwide. It seems unavoidable that this natural disruption has hit the global economy and produced a huge crisis for firms. This study explores how firms in China are innovating their marketing strategies by critically identifying the typology of firms' marketing innovations using two dimensions, namely, motivation for innovations and the level of collaborative innovations. This research also explores the influence of the external environment, internal advantages (e.g., dynamic capabilities and resource dependence), and characteristics of firms on Chinese firms' choice and implementation of marketing innovation strategies. It provides valuable insights for firms to respond successfully to similar crisis events in the future."}, {"pmid": 32460536, "title": "Benefits of Technology in the Age of COVID-19 and Diabetes. . .Mobile Phones From a Rwanda Perspective.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Krisiunas, Edward", "Sibomana, Laurien"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460536", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496715, "title": "[Etiology of epidemic outbreaks COVID-19 on Wuhan, Hubei province, Chinese People Republic associated with 2019-nCoV (Nidovirales, Coronaviridae, Coronavirinae, Betacoronavirus, Subgenus Sarbecovirus): lessons of SARS-CoV outbreak.]", "journal": "Vopr Virusol", "authors": ["Lvov, D K", "Alkhovsky, S V", "Kolobukhina, L V", "Burtseva, E I"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496715", "countries": ["China", "Russian Federation"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Results of analysis of phylogenetic, virological, epidemiological, ecological, clinical data of COVID-19 outbreaks in Wuhan, China (PRC) in comparison with SARS-2002 and MERS-2012 outbreaks allow to conclude: - the etiological agent of COVID-19 is coronavirus (2019-CoV), phylogenetically close to the SARS-CoV, isolated from human, and SARS-related viruses isolated from bats (SARS-related bat CoV viruses). These viruses belong to the Sarbecovirus subgenus, Betacoronavirus genus, Orthocoronavirinae subfamily, Coronaviridae family (Cornidovirinea: Nidovirales). COVID-19 is a variant of SARS-2002 and is different from MERS-2012 outbreak, which were caused by coronavirus belonged to the subgenus Merbecovirus of the same genus; - according to the results of phylogenetic analysis of 35 different betacoronaviruses, isolated from human and from wild animals in 2002-2019, the natural source of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV (2002) is bats of Rhinolophus genus (Rhinolophidae) and, probably, some species of other genera. An additional reservoir of the virus could be an intermediate animal species (snakes, civet, hedgehogs, badgers, etc.) that are infected by eating of infected bats. SARS-like coronaviruses circulated in bats in the interepidemic period (2003-2019); - seasonal coronaviruses (subgenus Duvinacovirus, Alphacoronavirus) are currently circulating (November 2019 - January 2020) in the European part of Russia, Urals, Siberia and the Far East of Russia, along with the influenza viruses A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and \u0412, as well as six other respiratory viruses (HPIV, HAdV, HRSV, HRV, HBoV, and HMPV)."}, {"pmid": 32440942, "pmcid": "PMC7241585", "title": "Special Issue on the COVID-19 Pandemic and Psycholinguistic Research: A Call for Papers.", "journal": "J Psycholinguist Res", "authors": ["Javier, Rafael Art", "Lamela, Marko", "Faber, Aubrey", "Amrami, Yosef"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440942", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402464, "pmcid": "PMC7199673", "title": "Response to the commentary by Alexandra A. Chudnovsky on 'Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality'.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ogen, Yaron"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402464", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312654, "pmcid": "PMC7158787", "title": "COVID-19 Pulmonary Involvement: Is Really an Interstitial Pneumonia?", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Boraschi, Piero"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312654", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410050, "pmcid": "PMC7221005", "title": "Leaning on Community-Based Participatory Research to Respond During COVID-19.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Nguyen, Annie L", "Christensen, Christopher", "Taylor, Jeff", "Brown, Brandon"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410050", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32115733, "pmcid": "PMC7228398", "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and neonate: What neonatologist need to know.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lu, Qi", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32115733", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cause china epidemics with high morbidity and mortality, the infection has been transmitted to other countries. About three neonates and more than 230 children cases are reported. The disease condition of the main children was mild. There is currently no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted transplacentally from mother to the newborn. The treatment strategy for children with Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is based on adult experience. Thus far, no deaths have been reported in the pediatric age group. This review describes the current understanding of COVID-19 infection in newborns and children."}, {"pmid": 32311497, "pmcid": "PMC7165095", "title": "The immunological case for staying active during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Simpson, Richard J", "Katsanis, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525216, "title": "Management of the airway and lung isolation for thoracic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Greenhalgh, D"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506723, "title": "Pregnancy hypertension diagnosis and care in COVID-19 era and beyond.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Magee, L A", "Khalil, A", "von Dadelszen, P"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506723", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325763, "pmcid": "PMC7215392", "title": "Development of an Assessment Method for Investigating the Impact of Climate and Urban Parameters in Confirmed Cases of COVID-19: A New Challenge in Sustainable Development.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Pirouz, Behrouz", "Shaffiee Haghshenas, Sina", "Pirouz, Behzad", "Shaffiee Haghshenas, Sami", "Piro, Patrizia"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325763", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sustainable development has been a controversial global topic, and as a complex concept in recent years, it plays a key role in creating a favorable future for societies. Meanwhile, there are several problems in the process of implementing this approach, like epidemic diseases. Hence, in this study, the impact of climate and urban factors on confirmed cases of COVID-19 (a new type of coronavirus) with the trend and multivariate linear regression (MLR) has been investigated to propose a more accurate prediction model. For this propose, some important climate parameters, including daily average temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, in addition to urban parameters such as population density, were considered, and their impacts on confirmed cases of COVID-19 were analyzed. The analysis was performed for three case studies in Italy, and the application of the proposed method has been investigated. The impacts of parameters have been considered with a delay time from one to nine days to find out the most suitable combination. The result of the analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model and the impact of climate parameters on the trend of confirmed cases. The research hypothesis approved by the MLR model and the present assessment method could be applied by considering several variables that exhibit the exact delay of them to new confirmed cases of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32386752, "pmcid": "PMC7167579", "title": "Response of Chiropractic Organizations to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Report.", "journal": "J Manipulative Physiol Ther", "authors": ["Johnson, Claire D", "Little, Craig S", "Sterling, Tamara A", "Gojkovich, Scott", "Boghosian, Karlos", "Ciolfi, Michael A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this report is to describe actions by chiropractic entities during the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Large entities that support chiropractic education or practice were invited to participate in this report. Leaders of various entities were emailed an invitation. A designee who was assigned by the leader provided a brief synopsis of actions the entity had taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Only entities that responded are included in this report. Five entities agreed to participate: The Council on Chiropractic Education, Association of Chiropractic Colleges, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards, National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, and the National Chiropractic Mutual Insurance Company. Common themes included (1) recognizing the crisis and taking action, (2) establishing a safe working environment for staff so that services could continue, (3) delivering communications to stakeholders (chiropractic students, practitioners, licensing boards, and others) to guide decisions and direct actions, and (4) continuing to monitor the situation and respond as new information becomes available. These entities serve a large portion of the chiropractic profession. They have been quick to respond in a responsible, compassionate, and supportive manner to assist chiropractic licensing boards, practitioners, and students during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings are encouraging as the chiropractic profession looks to the future as it navigates changes in education and the health care environment in the months and years ahead."}, {"pmid": 32506693, "title": "Diagnosis of COVID-19 infection in children: less nasopharyngeal swabs, more saliva.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Ruggiero, Antonio", "Sanguinetti, Maurizio", "Gatto, Antonio", "Attina, Giorgio", "Chiaretti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506693", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with great interest the article by Jonas F. Ludvigsson on COVID-19 infection in Children 1 . He conducted a systematic literature review to identify papers on COVID-19. The conclusion was that COVID-19 infection can occur in children, but they seemed to have a lower incidence as well as a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults."}, {"pmid": 32328590, "pmcid": "PMC7176391", "title": "Cardio-oncology Care in the Time of COVID-19 and the Role of Telehealth.", "journal": "JACC CardioOncol", "authors": ["Parikh, Amar", "Kumar, Anupam A", "Jahangir, Eiman"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328590", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299477, "pmcid": "PMC7160612", "title": "A case of a readmitted patient who recovered from COVID-19 in Chengdu, China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Li, Xiao-Jin", "Zhang, Zhong-Wei", "Zong, Zhi-Yong"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299477", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270178, "pmcid": "PMC7184426", "title": "Early virus clearance and delayed antibody response in a case of COVID-19 with a history of co-infection with HIV-1 and HCV.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Juanjuan", "Liao, Xuejiao", "Wang, Haiyan", "Wei, Lanlan", "Xing, Mingzhao", "Liu, Lei", "Zhang, Zheng"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270178", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effect of host immune status on SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown. Here, we report the first case of COVID-19 with HIV-1 and HCV co-infection, who showed a persistently negative SARS-CoV-2 RNA test, but delayed antibody response in the plasma. This case highlights the influence of HIV-1-induced immune dysfunction on the early SARS-CoV-2 clearance."}, {"pmid": 32532531, "title": "Guillain-Barre Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Esteban Molina, A", "Mata Martinez, M", "Sanchez Chueca, P", "Carrillo Lopez, A", "Sancho Val, I", "Sanjuan-Villarreal, T A"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532531", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472994, "title": "ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Minerva Cardioangiol", "authors": ["Versaci, Francesco", "Scappaticci, Massimiliano", "Calcagno, Simone", "Del Prete, Armando", "Romeo, Francesco", "Peruzzi, Mariangela", "Cavarretta, Elena", "Frati, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472994", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265310, "pmcid": "PMC7144273", "title": "Current status of cell-based therapies for respiratory virus infections: applicability to COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Khoury, Maroun", "Cuenca, Jimena", "Cruz, Fernanda F", "Figueroa, Fernando E", "Rocco, Patricia R M", "Weiss, Daniel J"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265310", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe respiratory consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have prompted urgent need for novel therapies. Cell-based approaches, primarily using mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs), have demonstrated safety and possible efficacy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), although they are not yet well studied in respiratory virus-induced ARDS. Limited pre-clinical data suggest that systemic MSC administration can significantly reduce respiratory virus (influenza strains H5N1 and H9N2)-induced lung injury; however, there are no available data in models of coronavirus respiratory infection.There is a rapidly increasing number of clinical investigations of cell-based therapy approaches for COVID-19. These utilise a range of different cell sources, doses, dosing strategies and targeted patient populations. To provide a rational strategy to maximise potential therapeutic use, it is critically important to understand the relevant pre-clinical studies and postulated mechanisms of MSC actions in respiratory virus-induced lung injuries. This review presents these, along with consideration of current clinical investigations."}, {"pmid": 32193330, "title": "How I faced my coronavirus anxiety.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Liu, Kai"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193330", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389877, "pmcid": "PMC7204676", "title": "New Design for Aerosol Protection During Endotracheal Intubation in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: The \"Anti-Aerosol Igloo\" (AAI).", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Fonseca, Enrique Osorio"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389877", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453605, "pmcid": "PMC7255425", "title": "Rapid and robust bioanalytical assays are critical for SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic and vaccine development and beyond.", "journal": "Bioanalysis", "authors": ["Kar, Sumit", "Islam, Rafiqul"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453605", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391022, "pmcid": "PMC7194125", "title": "Serological Approaches for COVID-19: Epidemiologic Perspective on Surveillance and Control.", "journal": "Front Immunol", "authors": ["Lee, Cheryl Yi-Pin", "Lin, Raymond T P", "Renia, Laurent", "Ng, Lisa F P"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391022", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has garnered global attention due to its rapid transmission, which has infected more than two million people worldwide. Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the crucial interventions to control virus spread and dissemination. Molecular assays have been the gold standard to directly detect for the presence of viral genetic material in infected individuals. However, insufficient viral RNA at the point of detection may lead to false negative results. As such, it is important to also employ immune-based assays to determine one's exposure to SARS-CoV-2, as well as to assist in the surveillance of individuals with prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Within a span of 4 months, extensive studies have been done to develop serological systems to characterize the antibody profiles, as well as to identify and generate potentially neutralizing antibodies during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vast diversity of novel findings has added value to coronavirus research, and a strategic consolidation is crucial to encompass the latest advances and developments. This review aims to provide a concise yet extensive collation of current immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2, while discussing the strengths, limitations and applications of antibody detection in SARS-CoV-2 research and control."}, {"pmid": 32473173, "pmcid": "PMC7255318", "title": "What Counts as \"Good\" Clinical Communication in the Covid-19 Era and Beyond? Ditching Checklists for Juggling Communication Goals.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Scott, Allison M", "Van Scoy, Lauren Jodi"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473173", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460540, "title": "Personal Experience With COVID-19 and Community Screening of Diabetic Retinopathy in Iran.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Jamali, Sepideh", "Ashrafi, Elham", "Mohammadi, Seyed Farzad"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460540", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415961, "pmcid": "PMC7239213", "title": "Navigating the emotional turmoil of the COVID-19 pandemic as a new leader.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Champagne, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415961", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32320211, "pmcid": "PMC7179739", "title": "Neurological Insights of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Das, Gaurav", "Mukherjee, Nabanita", "Ghosh, Surajit"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320211", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which was identified after a recent outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has kept the whole world in tenterhooks due to its severe life-threatening nature of the infection. The virus is unlike its previous counterparts, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, or anything the world has encountered before both in terms of virulence and severity of the infection. If scientific reports relevant to the SARS-CoV-2 virus are noted, it can be seen that the virus owes much of its killer properties to its unique structure that has a stronger binding affinity with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) protein, which the viruses utilize as an entry point to gain accesses to its hosts. Recent reports suggest that it is not just the lung that the virus may be targeting; the human brain may soon emerge as the new abode of the virus. Already instances of patients with COVID-19 have been reported with mild (anosmia and ageusia) to severe (encephalopathy) neurological manifestations, and if that is so, then it gives us more reasons to be frightened of this killer virus. Keeping in mind that the situation does not worsen from here, immediate awareness and more thorough research regarding the neuroinvasive nature of the virus is the immediate need of the hour. Scientists globally also need to up their game to design more specific therapeutic strategies with the available information to counteract the pandemic. In this Viewpoint, we provide a brief outline of the currently known neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and discuss some probable ways to design therapeutic strategies to overcome the present global crisis."}, {"pmid": 32182347, "pmcid": "PMC7184438", "title": "Perinatal Transmission of COVID-19 Associated SARS-CoV-2: Should We Worry?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Fan, Cuifang", "Lei, Di", "Fang, Congcong", "Li, Chunyan", "Wang, Ming", "Liu, Yuling", "Bao, Yan", "Sun, Yanmei", "Huang, Jinfa", "Guo, Yuping", "Yu, Ying", "Wang, Suqing"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32182347", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We presented two cases of COVID-19 associated SARS-CoV-2 infection during third trimester of pregnancy. Both mothers and newborns had excellent outcomes. We failed to identify SARS-CoV-2 in all the products of conception and the newborns. This report provided evidence of low risk of intrauterine infection by vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32434598, "title": "Can We Expect an Increased Suicide Rate Due to Covid-19?", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Devitt, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434598", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human disasters come in all shapes and sizes including wars, terrorist violence, natural events, economic recessions and depressions as well as infection. As a species more fragile than we often allow, humans would be expected to adversely react to these types of disasters in terms of mental ill health and possibly suicidal behaviour leading to increased demands on the Mental Health services. This narrative historical paper examines relevant studies into how previous disasters affected mental health and suicidal behaviour. The characteristics of what is known of the current Covid-19 disease are analysed and compared to other types of disasters with a view to gaining some insight into what we might expect. Of all the types of disasters, economic recession appears most toxic. Mitigating the worst effects of recession appears to be protective. Particularly vulnerable groups are identified in whom we might expect an increase in suicidal behaviour."}, {"pmid": 32292253, "pmcid": "PMC7148429", "title": "Maxillofacial surgery and COVID-19, The Pandemic !!", "journal": "J Maxillofac Oral Surg", "authors": ["Bali, Rishi Kumar", "Chaudhry, Kirti"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292253", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425632, "pmcid": "PMC7231483", "title": "First, second and potential third generation spreads of the COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China: an early exploratory study incorporating location-based service data of mobile devices.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hu, Bisong", "Qiu, Jingyu", "Chen, Haiying", "Tao, Vincent", "Wang, Jinfeng", "Lin, Hui"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425632", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of atypical pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has currently become a global concern. The generations of the epidemic spread are not well known, yet these are critical parameters to facilitate an understanding of the epidemic. A seafood wholesale market and Wuhan city, China, were recognized as the primary and secondary epidemic sources. Human movements nationwide from the two epidemic sources revealed the characteristics of the first-generation and second-generation spreads of the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as the potential third-generation spread. We used spatiotemporal data of COVID-19 cases in mainland China and two categories of location-based service (LBS) data of mobile devices from the primary and secondary epidemic sources to calculate Pearson correlation coefficient,r, and spatial stratified heterogeneity, q, statistics. Two categories of device trajectories had generally significant correlations and determinant powers of the epidemic spread. Bothr and q statistics decreased with distance from the epidemic sources and their associations changed with time. At the beginning of the epidemic, the mixed first-generation and second-generation spreads appeared in most cities with confirmed cases. They strongly interacted to enhance the epidemic in Hubei province and the trend was also significant in the provinces adjacent to Hubei. The third-generation spread started in Wuhan from January 17-20, 2020, and in Hubei from January 23-24. No obvious third-generation spread was detected outside Hubei. The findings provide important foundations to quantify the effect of human movement on epidemic spread and inform ongoing control strategies. The spatiotemporal association between the epidemic spread and human movements from the primary and secondary epidemic sources indicates a transfer from second to third generations of the infection. Urgent control measures include preventing the potential third-generation spread in mainland China, eliminating it in Hubei, and reducing the interaction influence of first-generation and second-generation spreads."}, {"pmid": 32501143, "title": "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Vulnerable Older Adults in the United States.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Lee, Yeonjung Jane"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501143", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381329, "pmcid": "PMC7196404", "title": "Aspiration Pneumonia or COVID-19 Infection: A Diagnostic Challenge.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Zarei, Fariba", "Reza, Jalli", "Sefidbakht, Sepideh", "Iranpour, Pooya", "Haghighi, Rezvan Ravanfar"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381329", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315808, "pmcid": "PMC7166025", "title": "The relative transmissibility of asymptomatic COVID-19 infections among close contacts.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["He, Daihai", "Zhao, Shi", "Lin, Qianying", "Zhuang, Zian", "Cao, Peihua", "Wang, Maggie H", "Yang, Lin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315808", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Asymptomatic transmission of the coronavirus disease 2019 is an important topic. A recent study in China showed that transmissibility of the asymptomatic cases is comparable to that of symptomatic cases. Here, we discuss that the conclusion may depend on how we interpret the data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the relative transmissibility of asymptomatic COVID-19 infections is quantified."}, {"pmid": 32387693, "pmcid": "PMC7204763", "title": "Correspondence-COVID-19: Initial experience of hand surgeons in Northern Italy.", "journal": "Hand Surg Rehabil", "authors": ["Ducournau, F", "Gouzou, S", "Facca, S", "Liverneaux, P A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387693", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498721, "pmcid": "PMC7272210", "title": "Risk estimation of the SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory disease outbreak outside China.", "journal": "Theor Biol Med Model", "authors": ["Kim, Soyoung", "Choi, Sunhwa", "Ko, Youngsuk", "Ki, Moran", "Jung, Eunok"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498721", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization was alerted to the occurrence of cases of pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, that were caused by an unknown virus, which was later identified as a coronavirus and named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We aimed to estimate the reproductive number of SARS-CoV-2 in the Hubei Province and evaluate the risk of an acute respiratory coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak outside China by using a mathematical model and stochastic simulations. We constructed a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics, estimated the rate of transmission, and calculated the reproductive number in Hubei Province by using case-report data from January 11 to February 6, 2020. The possible number of secondary cases outside China was estimated by stochastic simulations in various scenarios of reductions in the duration to quarantine and rate of transmission. The rate of transmission was estimated as 0.8238 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8095-0.8382), and the basic reproductive number as 4.1192 (95% CI 4.0473-4.1912). Assuming the same rate of transmission as in Hubei Province, the possibility of no local transmission is 54.9% with a 24-h quarantine strategy, and the possibility of more than 20 local transmission cases is 7% outside of China. The reproductive number for SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics is significantly higher compared to that of the previous SARS epidemic in China. This implies that human-to-human transmission is a significant factor for contagion in Hubei Province. Results of the stochastic simulation emphasize the role of quarantine implementation, which is critical to prevent and control the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak outside China."}, {"pmid": 32492117, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: Impact caused by school closure and national lockdown on pediatric visits and admissions for viral and non-viral infections, a time series analysis.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Angoulvant, Francois", "Ouldali, Naim", "Yang, David Dawei", "Filser, Mathilde", "Gajdos, Vincent", "Rybak, Alexis", "Guedj, Romain", "Soussan-Banini, Valerie", "Basmaci, Romain", "Lefevre-Utile, Alain", "Brun-Ney, Dominique", "Beaujouan, Laure", "Skurnik, David"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492117", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A time series analysis of 871,543 pediatric emergency visits revealed that the COVID-19 lockdown and school closure were associated with a significant decrease in infectious diseases disseminated through airborne or fecal-oral transmissions: common cold, gastro-enteritis, bronchiolitis, acute otitis. No change was found for urinary tract infections."}, {"pmid": 32212122, "pmcid": "PMC7117069", "title": "Suggestions for infection prevention and control in digestive endoscopy during current 2019-nCoV pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei province, China.", "journal": "Endoscopy", "authors": ["Zhang, Yafei", "Zhang, Xiaodan", "Liu, Lan", "Wang, Hongling", "Zhao, Qiu"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212122", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354561, "pmcid": "PMC7185929", "title": "[COVID-19, a brutal blow...].", "journal": "Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol", "authors": ["Deruelle, P", "De Marcillac, F"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354561", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463809, "title": "Universal and Serial Laboratory Testing for SARS-CoV-2 at a Long-Term Care Skilled Nursing Facility for Veterans - Los Angeles, California, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Dora, Amy V", "Winnett, Alexander", "Jatt, Lauren P", "Davar, Kusha", "Watanabe, Mika", "Sohn, Linda", "Kern, Hannah S", "Graber, Christopher J", "Goetz, Matthew B"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463809", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 28, 2020, two residents of a long-term care skilled nursing facility (SNF) at the Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (VAGLAHS) had positive test results for SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing of nasopharyngeal specimens collected on March 26 and March 27. During March 29-April 23, all SNF residents, regardless of symptoms, underwent serial (approximately weekly) nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, and positive results were communicated to the county health department. All SNF clinical and nonclinical staff members were also screened for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR during March 29-April 10. Nineteen of 99 (19%) residents and eight of 136 (6%) staff members had positive test results for SARS-CoV-2 during March 28-April 10; no further resident cases were identified on subsequent testing on April 13, April 22, and April 23. Fourteen of the 19 residents with COVID-19 were asymptomatic at the time of testing. Among these residents, eight developed symptoms 1-5 days after specimen collection and were later classified as presymptomatic; one of these patients died. This report describes an outbreak of COVID-19 in an SNF, with case identification accomplished by implementing several rounds of RT-PCR testing, permitting rapid isolation of both symptomatic and asymptomatic residents with COVID-19. The outbreak was successfully contained following implementation of this strategy."}, {"pmid": 32408391, "pmcid": "PMC7272830", "title": "Anticoagulant and antiarrhythmic effects of heparin in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Menezes-Rodrigues, Francisco Sandro", "Padrao Tavares, Jose Gustavo", "Pires de Oliveira, Marcelo", "Guzella de Carvalho, Rafael", "Ruggero Errante, Paolo", "Omar Taha, Murched", "Fagundes, Djalma Jose", "Caricati-Neto, Afonso"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408391", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most severe manifestations of COVID-19 cases, such as multiple organ failure and death, have been linked to coagulation dysfunction markers, such as platelet reduction and increases in prothrombin time, fibrin degradation products and, mainly, D-dimer [1]. A recent paper by Tang et al. [2] in this journal reported that heparin treatment reduced mortality of COVID-19 patients with elevated D-dimer; similar preliminary results have been reported elsewhere [3]. A mounting body of evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 causes a \"cytokine storm\" [1,4] that activates the coagulation cascade, leading to thrombosis. Similar to the findings in severe sepsis, generalized deposition of intravascular thrombi compromises the blood supply of several organs, leading to organ failure [5]."}, {"pmid": 32487439, "pmcid": "PMC7254014", "title": "The global impact of the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Hiscott, John", "Alexandridi, Magdalini", "Muscolini, Michela", "Tassone, Evelyne", "Palermo, Enrico", "Soultsioti, Maria", "Zevini, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487439", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic has engulfed the nations of the world for the first five months of 2020 and altered the pace, fabric and nature of our lives. In this overview accompanying the Special Issue of Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, we examine some of the many social and scientific issues impacted by SARS-CoV2 - personal lives, economy, scientific communication, the environment. International members of Istituto Pasteur in Rome and INITIATE, the Marie Curie Training Network reflect on the lasting global impact of the coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32297408, "pmcid": "PMC7235490", "title": "Employing dermatologists on the frontline against COVID-19: All hands on deck.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Bhargava, Shashank", "Rokde, Richa", "Rathod, Dipali", "Kroumpouzos, George"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297408", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336647, "pmcid": "PMC7164879", "title": "COVID-19 Protection Guidelines in Outpatient Medical Imaging Centers.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Sedaghat, Abdolrasul", "Gity, Masoumeh", "Radpour, Alireza", "Karimi, Mohammad Ali", "Haghighatkhah, Hamid Reza", "Keshavarz, Elham", "Hekmatnia, Ali", "Arab-Ahmadi, Mehran", "Sanei-Taheri, Morteza", "Azhideh, Arash"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336647", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246113, "title": "COVID-19 Research in Brief: 28 March to 3 April, 2020.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Carvalho, Thiago"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246113", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460229, "pmcid": "PMC7211652", "title": "Estimation of the time-varying reproduction number of COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "Int J Hyg Environ Health", "authors": ["You, Chong", "Deng, Yuhao", "Hu, Wenjie", "Sun, Jiarui", "Lin, Qiushi", "Zhou, Feng", "Pang, Cheng Heng", "Zhang, Yuan", "Chen, Zhengchao", "Zhou, Xiao-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460229", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China has attracted world-wide attention. As of March 31, 2020, a total of 82,631 cases of COVID-19 in China were confirmed by the National Health Commission (NHC) of China. Three approaches, namely Poisson likelihood-based method (ML), exponential growth rate-based method (EGR) and stochastic Susceptible-Infected-Removed dynamic model-based method (SIR), were implemented to estimate the basic and controlled reproduction numbers. A total of 198 chains of transmission together with dates of symptoms onset and 139 dates of infections were identified among 14,829 confirmed cases outside Hubei Province as reported as of March 31, 2020. Based on this information, we found that the serial interval had an average of 4.60 days with a standard deviation of 5.55 days, the incubation period had an average of 8.00 days with a standard deviation of 4.75 days and the infectious period had an average of 13.96 days with a standard deviation of 5.20 days. The estimated controlled reproduction numbers, Rc, produced by all three methods in all analyzed regions of China are significantly smaller compared with the basic reproduction numbers R0. The controlled reproduction number in China is much lower than one in all regions of China by now. It fell below one within 30 days from the implementations of unprecedent containment measures, which indicates that the strong measures taken by China government was effective to contain the epidemic. Nonetheless, efforts are still needed in order to end the current epidemic as imported cases from overseas pose a high risk of a second outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32464110, "pmcid": "PMC7247781", "title": "Human rights protections are needed alongside PPE for health-care workers responding to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Amon, Joseph J"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464110", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32197238, "title": "Managing Cancer Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Agility and Collaboration Toward a Common Goal.", "journal": "J Natl Compr Canc Netw", "authors": ["Ueda, Masumi", "Martins, Renato", "Hendrie, Paul C", "McDonnell, Terry", "Crews, Jennie R", "Wong, Tracy L", "McCreery, Brittany", "Jagels, Barbara", "Crane, Aaron", "Byrd, David R", "Pergam, Steven A", "Davidson, Nancy E", "Liu, Catherine", "Stewart, F Marc"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197238", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States was reported on January 20, 2020, in Snohomish County, Washington. At the epicenter of COVID-19 in the United States, the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and University of Washington are at the forefront of delivering care to patients with cancer during this public health crisis. This Special Feature highlights the unique circumstances and challenges of cancer treatment amidst this global pandemic, and the importance of organizational structure, preparation, agility, and a shared vision for continuing to provide cancer treatment to patients in the face of uncertainty and rapid change."}, {"pmid": 32282234, "pmcid": "PMC7193779", "title": "Cancer Center Recommendations to Mitigate COVID-19 Impact in Patients With Cancer: Low-Resource Settings Version.", "journal": "JCO Glob Oncol", "authors": ["Pino, Luis", "Perez, Carlos", "Cardona, Andres", "Triana, Ivan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282234", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439366, "pmcid": "PMC7235573", "title": "Arrhythmic profile and 24-hour QT interval variability in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Cipriani, Alberto", "Zorzi, Alessandro", "Ceccato, Davide", "Capone, Federico", "Parolin, Matteo", "Donato, Filippo", "Fioretto, Paola", "Pesavento, Raffaele", "Previato, Lorenzo", "Maffei, Pietro", "Saller, Alois", "Avogaro, Angelo", "Sarais, Cristiano", "Gregori, Dario", "Iliceto, Sabino", "Vettor, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439366", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin combination therapy is often prescribed for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring is warranted because both medications cause corrected QT-interval (QTc) prolongation. Whether QTc duration significantly varies during the day, potentially requiring multiple ECGs, remains to be established. We performed 12\u2011lead ECGs and 12\u2011lead 24-h Holter ECG monitoring in all patients aged <80\u00a0years admitted to our medical unit for COVID-19, in oral therapy with hydroxychloroquine (200\u00a0mg, twice daily) and azithromycin (500\u00a0mg, once daily) for at least 3\u00a0days. A group of healthy individuals matched for age and sex served as control. Out of 126 patients, 22 (median age 64, 82% men) met the inclusion criteria. ECG after therapy showed longer QTc-interval than before therapy (450 vs 426\u00a0ms, p\u00a0=\u00a0.02). Four patients had a QTc\u00a0\u2265\u00a0480\u00a0ms: they showed higher values of aspartate aminotransferase (52 vs 30\u00a0U/L, p\u00a0=\u00a0.03) and alanine aminotransferase (108 vs 33\u00a0U/L, p\u00a0<\u00a0.01) compared with those with QTc\u00a0<\u00a0480\u00a0ms. At 24-h Holter ECG monitoring, 1 COVID-19 patient and no control had \u22651 run of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (p\u00a0=\u00a0.4). No patients showed \"R on T\" premature ventricular beats. Analysis of 24-h QTc dynamics revealed that COVID-19 patients had higher QTc values than controls, with no significant hourly variability. Therapy with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin prolongs QTc interval in patients with COVID-19, particularly in those with high levels of transaminases. Because QTc duration remains stable during the 24\u00a0h, multiple daily ECG are not recommendable."}, {"pmid": 32246782, "title": "Respiratory failure alone does not suggest central nervous system invasion by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Turtle, Lance"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246782", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427144, "pmcid": "PMC7227589", "title": "CoViD-19, containment and accidents in children's domestic life.", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427144", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455777, "title": "Dental Public Health Landscape: Challenges, Technological Innovation and Opportunities in the 21st Century and COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Mascitti, Marco", "Campisi, Giuseppina"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the 2008 economic and financial crisis and to its effects on healthcare systems, dental care has become unaffordable for many people, and a huge number of patients worldwide are avoiding or skipping necessary dental treatments [...]."}, {"pmid": 32412964, "title": "Recommendations for Faculty and Expected Student Etiquette in an Online Environment During the Global COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.", "journal": "Nurse Educ", "authors": ["D'Alesandro, MaryAnn"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412964", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319438, "title": "[Facing Covid-19 in Italy: ethics, logistics, and therapeutics on the epidemic's front line].", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Rosenbaum, Lisa"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319438", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242876, "pmcid": "PMC7224626", "title": "Development of in vitro transcribed RNA as positive control for laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in India.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Choudhary, Manohar Lal", "Vipat, Veena", "Jadhav, Sheetal", "Basu, Atanu", "Cherian, Sarah", "Abraham, Priya", "Potdar, Varsha A"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242876", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441030, "pmcid": "PMC7241586", "title": "Images in Practice: Painful Cutaneous Vasculitis in a SARS-Cov-2 IgG-Positive Child.", "journal": "Pain Ther", "authors": ["Papa, Alfonso", "Salzano, Anna M", "Di Dato, M Teresa", "Varrassi, Giustino"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441030", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32180224, "pmcid": "PMC7161755", "title": "How do we plan hematopoietic cell transplant and cellular therapy with the looming COVID-19 threat?", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Dholaria, Bhagirathbhai", "Savani, Bipin N"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32180224", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306210, "pmcid": "PMC7166200", "title": "Adapting to a novel disruptive threat: Nuclear Cardiology Service in the time of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak 2020 (SARS REBOOT).", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "authors": ["Loke, Kelvin S H", "Tham, Wei Ying", "Bharadwaj, Pushan", "Keng, Felix Y J", "Huang, Zijuan", "Idu, Muhammad Bin", "Wong, Yen Ming", "Tan, Paul Kia Siong", "Zaheer, Sumbul", "Khor, Yiu Ming", "Ng, David Chee Eng", "Wong, Wai Yin", "Tong, Aaron Kian-Ti"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306210", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305009, "pmcid": "PMC7135769", "title": "Investigating hypothiocyanite against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Hyg Environ Health", "authors": ["Cegolon, L"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305009", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408388, "pmcid": "PMC7261993", "title": "When Public Health Crises Collide: Social Disparities and COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Stein, Richard A", "Ometa, Oana"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408388", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In To Have or to Be?, psychoanalyst Erich Fromm writes about pursuit after domination of nature, material abundance, and unlimited happiness, which made modern society become more interested in having than in being. Income, in his view, should not be as accentuated as to create different experiences of life for different groups [1]. Of the concepts that Fromm presents, the domination of nature, which facilitates zoonotic spillover events by increasing the overlap between the habitat of various species with that of humans [2-5], and the gap between the rich and the poor, which recently has become the widest in years [6], become particularly relevant in context of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32428069, "title": "The trauma and acute care surgeon in the COVID-19 pandemic era.", "journal": "Rev Col Bras Cir", "authors": ["Ribeiro, Marcelo Augusto Fontenelle", "DE-Campos, Tercio", "Lima, Daniel Souza", "Marttos-Jr, Antonio C", "Pereira, Bruno M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428069", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization recognized in March 2020 the existence of a pandemic for the new coronavirus that appeared in China, in late 2019, and whose disease was named COVID-19. In this context, the SBAIT (Brazilian Society of Integrated Care for Traumatized Patients) conducted a survey with 219 trauma and emergency surgeons regarding the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the role of the surgeon in this pandemic by means of an electronic survey. It was observed that surgeons have been acting under inadequate conditions, with a lack of basic supplies as well as more specific equipment such as N95 masks and facial shields for the care of potential victims who may be contaminated. The latter increases the risk of contamination of professionals, resulting in potential losses in the working teams. Immediate measures must be taken to guarantee access to safety equipment throughout the country, since all trauma victims and/or patients with emergency surgical conditions must be treated as potential carriers of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32343839, "pmcid": "PMC7267283", "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with chronic plaque psoriasis being treated with biological therapy: the Northern Italy experience.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Gisondi, P", "Facheris, P", "Dapavo, P", "Piaserico, S", "Conti, A", "Naldi, L", "Cazzaniga, S", "Malagoli, P", "Costanzo, A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343839", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394841, "title": "COVID-19: An Update on Clinical Trials.", "journal": "Curr Top Med Chem", "authors": ["Kumar, Yogesh", "Singh, Anil Kumar", "Kumar, Shiv"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394841", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347201, "pmcid": "PMC7189652", "title": "Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) early findings from a teaching hospital in Pavia, North Italy, 21 to 28 February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Colaneri, Marta", "Sacchi, Paolo", "Zuccaro, Valentina", "Biscarini, Simona", "Sachs, Michele", "Roda, Silvia", "Pieri, Teresa Chiara", "Valsecchi, Pietro", "Piralla, Antonio", "Seminari, Elena", "Di Matteo, Angela", "Novati, Stefano", "Maiocchi, Laura", "Pagnucco, Layla", "Tirani, Marcello", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Mojoli, Francesco", "Perlini, Stefano", "Bruno, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347201", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes of 44 Caucasian patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at a single hospital in Pavia, Italy, from 21-28 February 2020, at the beginning of the outbreak in Europe. Seventeen patients developed severe disease, two died. After a median of 6 days, 14 patients were discharged from hospital. Predictors of lower odds of discharge were age\u2009>\u200965 years, antiviral treatment and for severe disease, lactate dehydrogenase >\u2009300 mg/dL."}, {"pmid": 32183920, "pmcid": "PMC7137532", "title": "The difference in the incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection between travelers to Hubei and nontravelers: The need for a longer quarantine period.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Leung, Char"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183920", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data collected from the individual cases reported by the media were used to estimate the distribution of the incubation period of travelers to Hubei versus that of nontravelers. Because a longer and more volatile incubation period has been observed in travelers, the duration of quarantine should be extended to 3 weeks."}, {"pmid": 32352913, "title": "Cesarean Section in a Pregnant Woman with COVID-19: First Case in Portugal.", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Lyra, Joana", "Valente, Rita", "Rosario, Marta", "Guimaraes, Mariana"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352913", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the first cesarean delivery in a woman with COVID-19 in a level III hospital in Portugal. It refers to a healthy woman with a term pregnancy that tested positive for COVID-19 on the day of labor induction. Given a Bishop score < 4 and the prior history of a cesarean section, the team decided to perform a surgical delivery. Appropriate personal protective equipment and safety circuits were employed, as described in more detail in the case report. Both the mother and the newborn are well. With this report we aimed to share our concerns, clinical management, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and to present our current circuits and adjustments regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in our maternity hospital."}, {"pmid": 32350462, "title": "Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Long, Quan-Xin", "Liu, Bai-Zhong", "Deng, Hai-Jun", "Wu, Gui-Cheng", "Deng, Kun", "Chen, Yao-Kai", "Liao, Pu", "Qiu, Jing-Fu", "Lin, Yong", "Cai, Xue-Fei", "Wang, De-Qiang", "Hu, Yuan", "Ren, Ji-Hua", "Tang, Ni", "Xu, Yin-Yin", "Yu, Li-Hua", "Mo, Zhan", "Gong, Fang", "Zhang, Xiao-Li", "Tian, Wen-Guang", "Hu, Li", "Zhang, Xian-Xiang", "Xiang, Jiang-Lin", "Du, Hong-Xin", "Liu, Hua-Wen", "Lang, Chun-Hui", "Luo, Xiao-He", "Wu, Shao-Bo", "Cui, Xiao-Ping", "Zhou, Zheng", "Zhu, Man-Man", "Wang, Jing", "Xue, Cheng-Jun", "Li, Xiao-Feng", "Wang, Li", "Li, Zhi-Jie", "Wang, Kun", "Niu, Chang-Chun", "Yang, Qing-Jun", "Tang, Xiao-Jun", "Zhang, Yong", "Liu, Xia-Mao", "Li, Jin-Jing", "Zhang, De-Chun", "Zhang, Fan", "Liu, Ping", "Yuan, Jun", "Li, Qin", "Hu, Jie-Li", "Chen, Juan", "Huang, Ai-Long"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350462", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report acute antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in 285 patients with COVID-19. Within 19 days after symptom onset, 100% of patients tested positive for antiviral immunoglobulin-G (IgG). Seroconversion for IgG and IgM occurred simultaneously or sequentially. Both IgG and IgM titers plateaued within 6 days after seroconversion. Serological testing may be helpful for the diagnosis of suspected patients with negative RT-PCR results and for the identification of asymptomatic infections."}, {"pmid": 32468944, "title": "Time for a culture change: understanding and reducing risk, morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 in those of black and minority ethnicity.", "journal": "Br J Hosp Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Singh, Iqbal", "Chand, Kailash", "Singh, Arun", "Kandadi, Kondal R"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468944", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following a number of epidemics in the 21st century, including Ebola and Middle East respiratory syndrome, the SARS-COV-2 virus, causing COVID-19 disease, was declared a pandemic health emergency of international concern in January 2020."}, {"pmid": 32412231, "pmcid": "PMC7233851", "title": "Are Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, the Workhorse Disinfectants, Effective against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2?", "journal": "ACS Infect Dis", "authors": ["Schrank, Cassandra L", "Minbiole, Kevin P C", "Wuest, William M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412231", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel virus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from Wuhan, China in late 2019. Since then, the virus has quickly spread worldwide, leading the World Health Organization to declare it as a pandemic; by the end of April 2020, the number of cases exceeded 3 million. Due to the high infectivity rate, SARS-CoV-2 is difficult to contain, making disinfectant protocols vital, especially for essential, highly trafficked areas such as hospitals, grocery stores, and delivery centers. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, best practices to slow the spread rely on good hand hygiene, including proper handwashing practices as well as the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. However, they provide warning against sanitizing products containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC), which has sparked concern in both the scientific community as well as the general public as BAC, a common quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), is ubiquitous in soaps and cleaning wipes as well as hospital sanitation kits. This viewpoint aims to highlight the outdated and incongruous data in the evaluation of BAC against the family of known coronaviruses and points to the need for further evaluation of the efficacy of QACs against coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32305271, "pmcid": "PMC7152918", "title": "COVID-19 virus outbreak forecasting of registered and recovered cases after sixty day lockdown in Italy: A data driven model approach.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Chintalapudi, Nalini", "Battineni, Gopi", "Amenta, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305271", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Till 31 March 2020, 105,792 COVID-19 cases were confirmed in Italy including 15,726 deaths which explains how worst the epidemic has affected the country. After the announcement of lockdown in Italy on 9 March 2020, situation was becoming stable since last days of March. In view of this, it is important to forecast the COVID-19 evaluation of Italy condition and the possible effects, if this lock down could continue for another 60 days. COVID-19 infected patient data has extracted from the Italian Health Ministry website includes registered and recovered cases from mid February to end March. Adoption of seasonal ARIMA forecasting package with R statistical model was done. Predictions were done with 93.75% of accuracy for registered case models and 84.4% of accuracy for recovered case models. The forecasting of infected patients could be reach the value of 182,757, and recovered cases could be registered value of 81,635\u00a0at end of May. This study highlights the importance of country lockdown and self isolation in control the disease transmissibility among Italian population through data driven model analysis. Our findings suggest that nearly 35% decrement of registered cases and 66% growth of recovered cases will be possible."}, {"pmid": 32245855, "title": "Covid-19 crisis forces CVS to cut services.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245855", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269088, "pmcid": "PMC7144257", "title": "Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Du, Rong-Hui", "Liang, Li-Rong", "Yang, Cheng-Qing", "Wang, Wen", "Cao, Tan-Ze", "Li, Ming", "Guo, Guang-Yun", "Du, Juan", "Zheng, Chun-Lan", "Zhu, Qi", "Hu, Ming", "Li, Xu-Yan", "Peng, Peng", "Shi, Huan-Zhong"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269088", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the death of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.All clinical and laboratory parameters were collected prospectively from a cohort of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were hospitalised to Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China) between 25 December 2019 and 7 February 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the relationship between each variable and the risk of death of COVID-19 pneumonia patients.In total, 179 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (97 male and 82 female) were included in the present prospective study, of whom 21 died. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age \u226565\u2005years (OR 3.765, 95% CI 1.146\u201217.394; p=0.023), pre-existing concurrent cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases (OR 2.464, 95% CI 0.755\u20128.044; p=0.007), CD3+CD8+ T-cells \u226475\u2005cells\u00b7\u03bcL-1 (OR 3.982, 95% CI 1.132\u201214.006; p<0.001) and cardiac troponin I \u22650.05\u2005ng\u00b7mL-1 (OR 4.077, 95% CI 1.166\u201214.253; p<0.001) were associated with an increase in risk of mortality from COVID-19 pneumonia. In a sex-, age- and comorbid illness-matched case-control study, CD3+CD8+ T-cells \u226475\u2005cells\u00b7\u03bcL-1 and cardiac troponin I \u22650.05\u2005ng\u00b7mL-1 remained as predictors for high mortality from COVID-19 pneumonia.We identified four risk factors: age \u226565\u2005years, pre-existing concurrent cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases, CD3+CD8+ T-cells \u226475\u2005cells\u00b7\u03bcL-1 and cardiac troponin I \u22650.05\u2005ng\u00b7mL-1 The latter two factors, especially, were predictors for mortality of COVID-19 pneumonia patients."}, {"pmid": 32242438, "title": "Primary care management of the coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "S Afr Fam Pract (2004)", "authors": ["Mash, Bob"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242438", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "South Africa is in the grip of a novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Primary care providers are in the frontline. COVID-19 is spread primarily by respiratory droplets contaminating surfaces and hands that then transmit the virus to another person's respiratory system. The incubation period is 2-9 days and the majority of cases are mild. The most common symptoms are fever, cough and shortness of breath. Older people and those with cardiopulmonary co-morbidities or immunological deficiency will be more at risk of severe disease. If people meet the case definition, the primary care provider should immediately adopt infection prevention and control measures. Diagnosis is made by a RT-PCR test using respiratory secretions, usually nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs. Mild cases can be managed at home with self-isolation, symptomatic treatment and follow-up if the disease worsens. Contact tracing is very important. Observed case fatality is between 0.5% and 4%, but may be overestimated as mild cases are not always counted. Primary care providers must give clear, accurate and consistent messages on infection prevention and control in communities and homes."}, {"pmid": 32387156, "pmcid": "PMC7188642", "title": "The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the Practice of Hand Surgery in Singapore.", "journal": "J Hand Surg Am", "authors": ["Hwee, Jolie", "Chiew, Jean", "Sechachalam, Sreedharan"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387156", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly evolving. Tan Tock Seng Hospital and the National Centre for Infectious Disease see the majority of confirmed and suspected cases in Singapore. This article describes the impact of COVID-19 on the practice of hand and reconstructive microsurgery (HRM) in our institution. It details our department's response as the situation escalated and the impact on the HRM elective and emergency workload, including the use of personal protective equipment on the surgical practice of HRM, as well as the effects of the condition on social and academic life."}, {"pmid": 32513054, "title": "Addressing the Impact of COVID-19 on the Residency Application Process Through a Virtual Subinternship.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Farlow, Janice L", "Marchiano, Emily J", "Fischer, Ilana P", "Moyer, Jeffrey S", "Thorne, Marc C", "Bohm, Lauren A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513054", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Senior medical students are facing an unparalleled experiential gap left by COVID-19 restrictions. Due to a shared commitment to safety, equity, and well-being, away rotations are actively being discouraged or even prohibited. As a result, students transitioning to residency encounter reduced clinical training experiences and decreased access to advising, mentorship, and research opportunities. In addition, limited exposure to residency life across subspecialties and institutions poses unique challenges during the current residency application cycle. The otolaryngology-head and neck surgery community has met these unprecedented challenges by producing diverse electronic resources for specialty-specific clinical education, as well as discussing ways to increase access to advising. In this commentary, we review these initiatives and propose an institutional virtual event as a platform for meeting goals previously achieved by visiting subinternships."}, {"pmid": 32257511, "pmcid": "PMC7112957", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Public Health Implications in Nepal.", "journal": "Nepal J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Asim, Mohammad", "Sathian, Brijesh", "van Teijlingen, Edwin", "Mekkodathil, Ahammed", "Subramanya, Supram Hosuru", "Simkhada, Padam"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257511", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372800, "pmcid": "PMC7195112", "title": "An uneven pandemic.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Vaughan, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372800", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus will play out very differently in the world's poorest nations."}, {"pmid": 32495574, "title": "[Clinical efficacy of Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection in treatment of 40 cases of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, Ming-Wei", "Chen, Feng", "Zhu, Ding-Jun", "Li, Jia-Zhu", "Zhu, Jin-Ling", "Zeng, Wei", "Qu, Shi-Lin", "Zhang, Yun"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495574", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we analyzed medical records of 40 patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), in order to explore the clinical efficacy of Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection in the treatment of COVID-19. The investigation was based on the results of a previous animal test, which was aimed to investigate and confirme the clinical efficacy of Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection in the treatment of COVID-19. The animal test demonstrated that Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection has a significant therapeutic effect on the human coronavirus pneumonia for the model mice. The lung inhibition index reached up to 86.86%. The evaluation was conducted on 40 confirmed cases of COVID-19 treated at Jingzhou Hospital of Infectious Disease(Chest Hospital) of Hubei Pro-vince from January 30~(th) to March 21~(th), 2020. In these cases, patients were treated with other integrated Chinese and Western medicines regimens in the recommended Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection diagnosis and treatment regimen. The clinical manifestations, laboratory data, nucleic acid clearance time, and imaging data were compared and analyzed before and after treatment. After administration with Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection, the clinical symptoms of 40 cases were alleviated markedly, and their blood analysis and biochemical indexes returned to normal. The lung CT showed more than 50% of lesion absorption rate, and the viral nucleic acid test showed the average clearance time of patients was 16.6 days, and the average length of hospital stay was 25.9 days. After administration with Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection, the symptoms of cough and fatigue were alleviated significantly, and the appetite was significantly improved compared with before, especially for patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally, laboratory indicators, especially absolute value and ratio of lymphocytes and CRP were significantly alleviated. According to the chest CT for short-term review, the absorption of lung lesions was faster than before, especially for grid-like and fibrotic lesions. Compared with antiviral drugs, such as Abidol and Kriging, the nucleic acid clearance time was significantly shorter than the cases treated with Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection. The clinical effective rate of 40 cases was 100.0%. We believed that Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection have a good clinical effect in the treatment of COVID-19, and suggested increasing the clinical application and further conducting large-sample-size cli-nical verification."}, {"pmid": 32437767, "pmcid": "PMC7206442", "title": "COVID-19 in dialysis patients: adding a few more pieces to the puzzle.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Ikizler, T Alp"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437767", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327758, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Sungnak, Waradon", "Huang, Ni", "Becavin, Christophe", "Berg, Marijn", "Queen, Rachel", "Litvinukova, Monika", "Talavera-Lopez, Carlos", "Maatz, Henrike", "Reichart, Daniel", "Sampaziotis, Fotios", "Worlock, Kaylee B", "Yoshida, Masahiro", "Barnes, Josephine L"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327758", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We investigated SARS-CoV-2 potential tropism by surveying expression of viral entry-associated genes in single-cell RNA-sequencing data from multiple tissues from healthy human donors. We co-detected these transcripts in specific respiratory, corneal and intestinal epithelial cells, potentially explaining the high efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. These genes are co-expressed in nasal epithelial cells with genes involved in innate immunity, highlighting the cells' potential role in initial viral infection, spread and clearance. The study offers a useful resource for further lines of inquiry with valuable clinical samples from COVID-19 patients and we provide our data in a comprehensive, open and user-friendly fashion at www.covid19cellatlas.org."}, {"pmid": 32412922, "title": "Learning together to safely intubate patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Orser, Beverley A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412922", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339248, "title": "Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Borba, Mayla Gabriela Silva", "Val, Fernando Fonseca Almeida", "Sampaio, Vanderson Souza", "Alexandre, Marcia Almeida Araujo", "Melo, Gisely Cardoso", "Brito, Marcelo", "Mourao, Maria Paula Gomes", "Brito-Sousa, Jose Diego", "Baia-da-Silva, Djane", "Guerra, Marcus Vinitius Farias", "Hajjar, Ludhmila Abrahao", "Pinto, Rosemary Costa", "Balieiro, Antonio Alcirley Silva", "Pacheco, Antonio Guilherme Fonseca", "Santos, James Dean Oliveira Jr", "Naveca, Felipe Gomes", "Xavier, Mariana Simao", "Siqueira, Andre Machado", "Schwarzbold, Alexandre", "Croda, Julio", "Nogueira, Mauricio Lacerda", "Romero, Gustavo Adolfo Sierra", "Bassat, Quique", "Fontes, Cor Jesus", "Albuquerque, Bernardino Claudio", "Daniel-Ribeiro, Claudio-Tadeu", "Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo", "Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius Guimaraes"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339248", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is no specific antiviral therapy recommended for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In vitro studies indicate that the antiviral effect of chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) requires a high concentration of the drug. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 CQ dosages in patients with severe COVID-19. This parallel, double-masked, randomized, phase IIb clinical trial with 81 adult patients who were hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was conducted from March 23 to April 5, 2020, at a tertiary care facility in Manaus, Brazilian Amazon. Patients were allocated to receive high-dosage CQ (ie, 600 mg CQ twice daily for 10 days) or low-dosage CQ (ie, 450 mg twice daily on day 1 and once daily for 4 days). Primary outcome was reduction in lethality by at least 50% in the high-dosage group compared with the low-dosage group. Data presented here refer primarily to safety and lethality outcomes during treatment on day 13. Secondary end points included participant clinical status, laboratory examinations, and electrocardiogram results. Outcomes will be presented to day 28. Viral respiratory secretion RNA detection was performed on days 0 and 4. Out of a predefined sample size of 440 patients, 81 were enrolled (41 [50.6%] to high-dosage group and 40 [49.4%] to low-dosage group). Enrolled patients had a mean (SD) age of 51.1 (13.9) years, and most (60 [75.3%]) were men. Older age (mean [SD] age, 54.7 [13.7] years vs 47.4 [13.3] years) and more heart disease (5 of 28 [17.9%] vs 0) were seen in the high-dose group. Viral RNA was detected in 31 of 40 (77.5%) and 31 of 41 (75.6%) patients in the low-dosage and high-dosage groups, respectively. Lethality until day 13 was 39.0% in the high-dosage group (16 of 41) and 15.0% in the low-dosage group (6 of 40). The high-dosage group presented more instance of QTc interval greater than 500 milliseconds (7 of 37 [18.9%]) compared with the low-dosage group (4 of 36 [11.1%]). Respiratory secretion at day 4 was negative in only 6 of 27 patients (22.2%). The preliminary findings of this study suggest that the higher CQ dosage should not be recommended for critically ill patients with COVID-19 because of its potential safety hazards, especially when taken concurrently with azithromycin and oseltamivir. These findings cannot be extrapolated to patients with nonsevere COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04323527."}, {"pmid": 32486557, "title": "[Clinical features and high resolution CT imaging evolution of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Lu, X F", "Gong, W", "Wang, L", "Li, L", "Xie, B J", "Peng, Z F", "Zha, Y F"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486557", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations of the clinical characteristics of 141 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the imaging evolution characteristics of High Resolution CT (HRCT) in the chest. Methods: From January 20, 2020 to February 8, 141 COVID-19 patients in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 77 males and 64 females, with a median age of 49 (9,87) , were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features, laboratory examination indexes and HRCT evolution findings of 141 COVID-19 patients were analyzed. Results: Laboratory examinations of 141 COVID-19 patients showed a decrease in white blood cell count and lymphocyte ratio. Among the 141 patients with COVID-19, fever (>37.5\u00a0\u2103) was the most common clinical manifestation in 139 cases (98.58%) , and occasionally non-respiratory symptoms such as diarrhea in 4 cases (2.84%) . 141 patients with COVID-19\u00a0had abnormal HRCT. 52 (36.88%) chest HRCT images showed ground-glass opacity (GGO) , mainly under pleural; 23 (16.31%) GGO with focal consolidation; 27 (19.15%) small flaky shadows; 20 cases (14.18%) large flaky consolidation shadows; 48 cases (34.04%) bronchovascular bundle thickening and vascular penetrating signs; 5 cases (3.55%) had air bronchial signs; 7 cases (4.96%) of small nodule shadows; 5 cases (3.55%) of fibrosis, grid shadows or strand shadows.135 cases (95.74%) were positive for the first time nucleic acid test, 6 cases (4.26%) were negative, and 71 cases (50.35%) of common type, 47 cases (33.33%) of severe type and 23 cases (16.31%) of critical type were found during the same period. The average time from onset of each type to the first CT examination was: (2.51\u00b11.32) , (5.02\u00b12.01) , and (5.91\u00b11.76) days; 19 (19/47, 40.43%) of which were severe for the first time CT classification worsened at the second examination and lessened at the third examination. 141 cases (100%) were positive for the second nucleic acid test, and the HRCT results for the same period were 44 cases (31.21%) of common type, 53 cases (37.59%) of severe type, and 44 cases (31.21%) of critical type; the average interval time was (3.32\u00b11.61) , (3.93\u00b11.84) , (4.15\u00b11.57) days;the third nucleic acid test were positive among 113 cases and 28 cases were negative, HRCT results of the same period were 79 cases (56.03%) of common type, 46 cases (32.62%) of severe type, and 16 cases (11.35%) of critical type;the average interval from the first CT examination were: (5.59\u00b11.83) , (7.32\u00b11.37) , (7.55\u00b11.78) days. The differences in CT typing at different time were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The clinical features of COVID-19 and HRCT images are diverse, extensive GGO and infiltrates in both lungs are typical. Viral nucleic acid tests usually occur earlier or at the same time as the CT examination positive, and there are false negatives in nucleic acid tests. In some epidemiological backgrounds, CT imaging manifestations and evolutionary characteristics are of great significance for early warning of lung injury, assessment of disease severity, and assistance in clinical typing and post-treatment follow-up."}, {"pmid": 32446683, "pmcid": "PMC7211593", "title": "COVID-19 and thrombosis: Beyond a casual association.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Lopez Castro, Jose"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446683", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251365, "pmcid": "PMC7133120", "title": "Considering mutational meltdown as a potential SARS-CoV-2 treatment strategy.", "journal": "Heredity (Edinb)", "authors": ["Jensen, Jeffrey D", "Lynch, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251365", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250957, "pmcid": "PMC7173241", "title": "Tracking COVID-19 in Europe: Infodemiology Approach.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Mavragani, Amaryllis"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250957", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Germany", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infodemiology (ie, information epidemiology) uses web-based data to inform public health and policy. Infodemiology metrics have been widely and successfully used to assess and forecast epidemics and outbreaks. In light of the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic that started in Wuhan, China in 2019, online search traffic data from Google are used to track the spread of the new coronavirus disease in Europe. Time series from Google Trends from January to March 2020 on the Topic (Virus) of \"Coronavirus\" were retrieved and correlated with official data on COVID-19 cases and deaths worldwide and in the European countries that have been affected the most: Italy (at national and regional level), Spain, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Statistically significant correlations are observed between online interest and COVID-19 cases and deaths. Furthermore, a critical point, after which the Pearson correlation coefficient starts declining (even if it is still statistically significant) was identified, indicating that this method is most efficient in regions or countries that have not yet peaked in COVID-19 cases. In the past, infodemiology metrics in general and data from Google Trends in particular have been shown to be useful in tracking and forecasting outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics as, for example, in the cases of the Middle East respiratory syndrome, Ebola, measles, and Zika. With the COVID-19 pandemic still in the beginning stages, it is essential to explore and combine new methods of disease surveillance to assist with the preparedness of health care systems at the regional level."}, {"pmid": 32229159, "pmcid": "PMC7141548", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection presenting with hematochezia.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Guotao, L", "Xingpeng, Z", "Zhihui, D", "Huirui, W"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229159", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196628, "title": "Differences and similarities between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoronaVirus (CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. Would a rose by another name smell as sweet?", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Ceccarelli, M", "Berretta, M", "Venanzi Rullo, E", "Nunnari, G", "Cacopardo, B"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196628", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420941, "title": "Novel coronavirus infection and children.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Cavallo, Federica", "Rossi, Nadia", "Chiarelli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420941", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its outbreak in many states of the world, forced the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a pandemic. Currently, COVID-19 has infected 1 991 562 patients causing 130 885 deaths globally as of 16 April 2020. The aim of this review is to underline the epidemiological, clinical and management characteristics in children affected by COVID-19. We searched Pubmed, from January to April 2020, for the following search terms: \"COVID-19\", \"children\", \"SARS-COV2\", \"complications\", \"epidemiology\", \"clinical features\", focusing our attention mostly on epidemiology and symptoms of COVID-19 in children. Usually, infants and children present milder symptoms of the disease with a better outcome than adults. Consequently, children may be considered an infection reservoir that may play a role as spreader of the infection in community."}, {"pmid": 32407534, "pmcid": "PMC7239252", "title": "Necessity of Pharmacist-driven non-prescription telehealth consult services in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Yemm, Kristyn E", "Arnall, Justin R", "Cowgill, Nicole A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407534", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32469280, "title": "COVID-19: Gene Transfer to the Rescue?", "journal": "Hum Gene Ther", "authors": ["Vandenberghe, Luk H"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469280", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436622, "title": "Metabolic associated fatty liver disease increases coronavirus disease 2019 disease severity in nondiabetic patients.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Gao, Feng", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Wang, Xiao-Bo", "Yan, Hua-Dong", "Sun, Qing-Feng", "Pan, Ke-Hua", "Wang, Ting-Yao", "Chen, Yong-Ping", "George, Jacob", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436622", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has attracted increasing worldwide attention. While diabetes is known to aggravate COVID-19 severity, it is not known whether nondiabetic patients with metabolic dysfunction are also more prone to more severe disease. The association of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) with COVID-19 severity in nondiabetic patients was investigated here. The study cohort comprised 65 patients with (i.e. cases) and 65 patients without MAFLD (i.e. controls). Each case was randomly matched with one control by sex (1:1) and age (\u00b15\u00a0years). The association between the presence of MAFLD (as exposure) and COVID-19 severity (as the outcome) was assessed by binary logistic regression analysis. In nondiabetic patients with COVID-19, the presence of MAFLD was associated with a four-fold increased risk of severe COVID-19; the risk increased with increasing numbers of metabolic risk factors. The association with COVID-19 severity persisted after adjusting for age, sex, and coexisting morbid conditions. Health-care professionals caring for nondiabetic patients with COVID-19 should be cognizant of the increased likelihood of severe COVID-19 in patients with MAFLD."}, {"pmid": 32314034, "pmcid": "PMC7170732", "title": "Sustainable practice of ophthalmology during COVID-19: challenges and solutions.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Lim, Louis W", "Yip, Leonard W", "Tay, Hui Wen", "Ang, Xue Ling", "Lee, Llewellyn K", "Chin, Chee Fang", "Yong, Vernon"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314034", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak is rapidly emerging as a global health threat. With no proven vaccination or treatment, infection control measures are paramount. In this article, we aim to describe the impact of COVID-19 on our practice and share our strategies and guidelines to maintain a sustainable ophthalmology practice. Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) Eye Centre is the only ophthalmology department supporting the National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID), which is the national screening center and the main center for management of COVID-19 patients in Singapore. Our guidelines during this outbreak are discussed. Challenges in different care settings in our ophthalmology practice have been identified and analyzed with practical solutions and guidelines implemented in anticipation of these challenges. First, to minimize cross-infection of COVID-19, stringent infection control measures were set up. These include personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers and routine cleaning of \"high-touch\" surfaces. Second, for outpatient care, a stringent dual screening and triaging process were carried out to identify high-risk patients, with proper isolation for such patients. Administrative measures to lower patient attendance and reschedule appointments were carried out. Third, inpatient and outpatient care were separated to minimize interactions. Last but not least, logistics and manpower plans were drawn up in anticipation of resource demands and measures to improve the mental well-being of staff were implemented. We hope our measures during this COVID-19 pandemic can help ophthalmologists globally and serve to guide and maintain safe access in ophthalmology clinics when faced with similar disease outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32418440, "title": "BioTechniques, covers and coronavirus.", "journal": "Biotechniques", "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418440", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362682, "pmcid": "PMC7189905", "title": "Peri-operative and critical care concerns in coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Anaesth", "authors": ["Bajwa, Sukhminder Jit Singh", "Sarna, Rashi", "Bawa, Chashamjot", "Mehdiratta, Lalit"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362682", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "World Health Organization (WHO) declared novel coronavirus outbreak a \"pandemic\" on March 11th, 2020. India has already reached Stage 2 (local transmission) and the Indian Government, in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), is taking all necessary steps to halt the community transmission(Stage 3). Anaesthesiologists and intensivists around the globe are making untiring efforts akin to soldiers at the final frontier during war. All efforts pertaining to adequate staffing, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and strict adherence to hand hygiene measures are being stressed upon to prevent in-hospital transmission. In this article, all outbreak response measures including triaging, preparation of isolation rooms, decontamination and disinfection protocols as well as fundamental principles of critical care and anaesthetic management in Covid-19 cases is being discussed. All the recommendations have been derived from the past experiences of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) outbreak as well as upcoming guidelines from the international health fraternity and Indian Health Services."}, {"pmid": 32323624, "title": "In Response to COVID-19 Pandemic Physicians Already Know What to Do.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["McCullough, Laurence B"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323624", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376652, "title": "How can we prevent staff-to-staff transmission of coronavirus?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Moscrop, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376652", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348636, "pmcid": "PMC7267261", "title": "Hyposalivation as a potential risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection: Inhibitory role of saliva.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Farshidfar, Nima", "Hamedani, Shahram"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348636", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391920, "pmcid": "PMC7272826", "title": "Consider TLR5 for new therapeutic development against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chakraborty, Chiranjib", "Sharma, Ashish Ranjan", "Bhattacharya, Manojit", "Sharma, Garima", "Lee, Sang-Soo", "Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391920", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509479, "pmcid": "PMC7270948", "title": "A Novel, Inexpensive Portable Respiratory Protection Unit for Prehospital Use: A Technical Note.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Sampson, Christopher", "Beckett, Adam"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509479", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a heightened concern for exposure to infectious aerosols during the intubation of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) patients.\u00a0We took our previously designed portable, inexpensive, and easily constructed device and modified it for the prehospital setting. Using polyvinyl chloride pipe and automobile collision wrap, a prehospital unit can be constructed in less than 30 minutes, and the cost of material is under 50 U.S. dollars.\u00a0The box stores easily in an ambulance and can be assembled on the scene within two minutes. This easily built device likely provides some limited protection from aerosolization during video laryngoscopy and can be replicated easily."}, {"pmid": 32301967, "pmcid": "PMC7184455", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) in febrile infants without respiratory distress.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Paret, Michal", "Lighter, Jennifer", "Pellett Madan, Rebecca", "Raabe, Vanessa N", "Shust, Gail F", "Ratner, Adam J"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301967", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report two cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) in infants presenting with fever in the absence of respiratory distress who required hospitalization for evaluation of possible invasive bacterial infections. The diagnoses resulted from routine isolation and real-time RT-PCR-based testing for SARS-CoV-2 for febrile infants in an outbreak setting."}, {"pmid": 32446829, "pmcid": "PMC7241343", "title": "Notes and Comments on \"Proposed Approach for Re-using Surgical Masks in COVID-19 Pandemic\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Torres, Angeli Eloise", "Ozog, David M", "Hamzavi, Iltefat H", "Lim, Henry W"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446829", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461488, "title": "Managing intravitreal injections in adults in COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 era- Initial experiences.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Agarwal, Divya", "Kumar, Atul"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461488", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519294, "title": "Use of a portable computed tomography scanner for chest imaging of COVID-19 patients in the urgent care at a tertiary cancer center.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Bates, David D B", "Vintonyak, Andriy", "Mohabir, Rennie", "Mahmood, Usman", "Soto, Pat", "Groeger, Jeffrey S", "Ginsberg, Michelle S", "Gollub, Marc J"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519294", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To present a novel use of a portable computed tomography (CT) for evaluation of COVID-19 patients presenting to an urgent care center (UCC). Infection control is imperative for hospitals treating patients with COVID-19, even more so in cancer centers, where the majority of the patient population is susceptible to adverse outcomes from the infection. Over the past several weeks, our department has worked to repurpose a portable CT scanner from our surgical colleagues that operates with fixed-parameters to perform non-contrast, helical, thin-slice chest imaging to address the known pulmonary complications of COVID-19. Despite the technical limitations of the portable CT unit that was repurposed for the UCC, diagnostic-quality images in an acute care setting were successfully obtained. Repurposing of a portable CT scanner for use in COVID-19 patients offers a feasible option to obtain diagnostic quality images while minimizing the risk of exposing other patients and hospital staff to an infected patient."}, {"pmid": 32235915, "pmcid": "PMC7110263", "title": "COVID-19: a new challenge for human beings.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Yang, Penghui", "Wang, Xiliang"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235915", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298139, "title": "Geospatial Hotspots Need Point-of-Care Strategies to Stop Highly Infectious Outbreaks: Ebola and Coronavirus.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Kost, Gerald J"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298139", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Context. Point-of-care testing (POCT), diagnostic testing at or near the site of patient care, is \n                        inherently spatial\n                    , that is, performed at points of need, and also \n                        intrinsically temporal\n                    , because it produces fast actionable results. Outbreaks generate geospatial \"hotspots.\" POC strategies help control hotspots, detect spread, and speed treatment of highly infectious diseases. Objectives. To stop outbreaks, accelerate detection, facilitate emergency response for epidemics, mobilize public health practitioners, enhance community resilience, and improve crisis standards of care. Data Sources. PubMed, WWW, newsprint, others were searched until COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, the US, a national emergency, and Europe, the epicenter. Coverage comprised interviews in Asia, email to/from Wuhan, papers, articles, chapters, documents, maps, flowcharts, schematics, and geospatial-associated concepts. EndNote X9.1 (Clarivate Analytics) consolidated literature as abstracts, ULRs, and PDFs, recovering 136 hotspot articles. More than 500 geospatial science articles were assessed for relevance to point-of-care testing. Conclusions POCT can interrupt spirals of dysfunction and delay by enhancing disease detection, decision making, contagion containment, and safe spacing, thereby softening outbreak surges and diminishing risk before human, economic, and cultural losses mount. Point-of-care tests results identify where infected individuals spread COVID-19, when delays cause death, and how to deploy resources. Results in national cloud databases help optimize outbreak control, mitigation, emergency response, and community resilience. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates unequivocally that governments must support POCT and multidisciplinary healthcare personnel must learn its principles, then adopt POC geospatial strategies, so that onsite diagnostic testing can ramp up to meet needs in times of crisis."}, {"pmid": 32360679, "pmcid": "PMC7188654", "title": "Acute limb ischemia in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Bellosta, Raffaello", "Luzzani, Luca", "Natalini, Giuseppe", "Pegorer, Matteo Alberto", "Attisani, Luca", "Cossu, Luisa Giuseppina", "Ferrandina, Camillo", "Fossati, Alessandro", "Conti, Elena", "Bush, Ruth L", "Piffaretti, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360679", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of our study was to determine the incidence, characteristics, and clinical outcomes of patients with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection who had presented with and been treated for acute limb ischemia (ALI) during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. We performed a single-center, observational cohort study. The data from all patients who had tested positive for COVID-19 and had presented with ALI requiring urgent operative treatment were collected in a prospectively maintained database. For the present series, successful revascularization of the treated arterial segment was defined as the absence of early (<30\u00a0days) re-occlusion or major amputation or death within 24\u00a0hours. The primary outcomes were successful revascularization, early (\u226430\u00a0days) and late (\u226530\u00a0days) survival, postoperative (\u226430\u00a0days) complications, and limb salvage. We evaluated the data from 20 patients with ALI who were positive for COVID-19. For the period from January to March, the incidence rate of patients presenting with ALI in 2020 was significantly greater than that for the same months in 2019 (23 of 141 [16.3%] vs 3 of 163 [1.8%]; P\u00a0< .001)]. Of the 20 included patients, 18 were men (90%) and two were women (10%). Their mean age was 75\u00a0\u00b1 9\u00a0years (range, 62-95\u00a0years). All 20 patients already had a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Operative treatment was performed in 17 patients (85%). Revascularization was successful in 12 of the 17 (70.6%). Although successful revascularization was not significantly associated with the postoperative use of intravenous heparin (64.7% vs 83.3%; P\u00a0= .622), no patient who had received intravenous heparin required reintervention. Of the 20 patients, eight (40%) had died in the hospital. The patients who had died were significantly older (81\u00a0\u00b1 10\u00a0years vs 71\u00a0\u00b1 5\u00a0years; P\u00a0= .008). The use of continuous postoperative systemic heparin infusion was significantly associated with survival (0% vs 57.1%; P\u00a0= .042). In our preliminary experience, the incidence of ALI has significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Italian Lombardy region. Successful revascularization was lower than expected, which we believed was due to a virus-related hypercoagulable state. The use of prolonged systemic heparin might improve surgical treatment efficacy, limb salvage, and overall survival."}, {"pmid": 32478541, "title": "Rural-urban mental health disparities in the United States during COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Summers-Gabr, Nicole M"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478541", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The United States has more confirmed deaths from coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) than any other country in the world. State governors made decisions around social distancing in their jurisdictions, which caused schools and businesses to close. Those with broadband access continued a sense or normalcy in their lives. However, for the more than 20 million people who do not have broadband access, a different set of barriers has been experienced. These challenges are especially prominent in rural communities throughout various states. The present commentary addresses how health disparities for preexisting conditions place rural residents at greater risk for morbidity during COVID-19. Reasons for physical and mental health disparities, such as limited access to hospitals or specialty providers (e.g., psychiatrists), are described. Whereas telehealth is promoted as a way to meet health access needs, especially during a pandemic, this luxury is not readily available for all U.S. residents. Recent actions brought about by the government (e.g., the CARES Act) have tried to address the rural-urban gap in telehealth, but more is needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32523136, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on reperfusion strategies for acute coronary syndromes.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Torres-Escobar, Gabriela", "Gonzalez-Pacheco, Hector", "Cruz, Jose Luis Briseno-De la", "Arias-Mendoza, Alexandra", "Araiza-Garaygordobil, Diego"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523136", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reperfusion therapy is a measure of care in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which should be performed once we have the diagnosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention is considered the gold standard, however in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the reperfusion strategy is more focused on fibrinolytic therapy due to the shorter time required to perform and less exposure. This pandemic represents a contact problem in health personnel, since cases are increasing worldwide, so it is important to know the measures that must be followed to avoid coronavirus disease (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32391669, "title": "[Clinical observation of 6 severe COVID-19 patients treated with plasma exchange or tocilizumab].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Luo, Song", "Yang, Lijuan", "Wang, Chun", "Liu, Chuanmiao", "Li, Dianming"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391669", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To observe the clinical effect of plasma exchange and tocilizumab in treatment of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Six patients with severe COVID-19 admitted in First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 25 to February 25, 2020. Three patients were treated with plasma exchange and three patients were treated with tocilizumab. The effect on excessive inflammatory reaction of plasma exchange and tocilizumab was observed. The C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased and the lymphocyte and prothrombin time were improved in 3 patients after treatment with plasma exchange; while inflammation level was not significantly decreased, and lymphocyte and prothrombin time did not improve in 3 patients treated with tocilizumab. For severe COVID-19 patients with strong inflammatory reaction, plasma exchange may be preferred."}, {"pmid": 32369658, "title": "Acute on chronic liver failure from novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Qiu, He", "Wander, Praneet", "Bernstein, David", "Satapathy, Sanjaya K"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369658", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious viral disease that predominantly causes respiratory symptoms. Elevated liver enzymes have been reported during the course of disease and appear to be common. We present a 56-year-old woman with a history of decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis who presented with abdominal pain, fever and diarrhoea and was found to have acute on chronic liver failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient was treated with empiric antibiotic and supportive care with subsequent improvement."}, {"pmid": 32473905, "pmcid": "PMC7235559", "title": "Challenges of diabetes care management in developing countries with a high incidence of COVID-19: A brief report.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Nouhjah, Sedigheh", "Jahanfar, Shayesteh"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473905", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most critical risk factors for complications and death in COVID-19 patients. The present study aims to highlight challenges in the management of diabetic patients during the COVID-19 outbreak in developing countries. We reviewed the literature to obtain information about diabetic care during the Covid-19 crisis. We also seek opinions of clinicians working in undeveloped countries. Current challenges faced by clinicians in the management of diabetic patients in developing countries are as follows: lack of preventive measures, inadequate number of visits, loss of the traditional method of communication with the patient, shortage of medications, impaired routine diabetic care, and absence of telehealth services. Developing countries are faced with many challenges in diabetes management due to a lack of resources."}, {"pmid": 32253143, "pmcid": "PMC7141550", "title": "COVID 19 in INDIA: Strategies to combat from combination threat of life and livelihood.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Krishnakumar, Balaji", "Rana, Sravendra"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253143", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "INDIA- As for reported in 360 COVID-19 cases (till March 22, 2020), seven people were died, and 23 people were treated successfully.1 This virus can easily affect who having respiratory problem and especially who all have been aged older than sixty. Most of the affected peoples had reached India from different part of the world, as like of carrier. Owing to this, India made several precautionary measures to mitigate/neglect the disease in beginning stage, however, the denser population of country will not be simple to control the same for long time (community spread), if government will not incorporate the visionary strategies. Since attacked several nations have been worried mostly for their people life (health), despite that developing country like India with huge population should consider about the livelihood (for Below Poverty Line (BPL) people), equally with the life. This article will give insights to make effective strategy to culminate the world threat COVID-19 in India."}, {"pmid": 32469301, "title": "Potential RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors as prospective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Microbiol", "authors": ["Pokhrel, Rudramani", "Chapagain, Prem", "Siltberg-Liberles, Jessica"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469301", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has taken humanity off guard. Following an outbreak of SARS-CoV in 2002, and MERS-CoV about 10\u2009years later, SARS-CoV-2 is the third coronavirus in less than 20\u2009years to cross the species barrier and start spreading by human-to-human transmission. It is the most infectious of the three, currently causing the COVID-19 pandemic. No treatment has been approved for COVID-19. We previously proposed targets that can serve as binding sites for antiviral drugs for multiple coronaviruses, and here we set out to find current drugs that can be repurposed as COVID-19 therapeutics.Aim. To identify drugs against COVID-19, we performed an in silico virtual screen with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), a critical enzyme for coronavirus replication.Methodology. Initially, no RdRP structure of SARS-CoV-2 was available. We performed basic sequence and structural analysis to determine if RdRP from SARS-CoV was a suitable replacement. We performed molecular dynamics simulations to generate multiple starting conformations that were used for the in silico virtual screen. During this work, a structure of RdRP from SARS-CoV-2 became available and was also included in the in silico virtual screen.Results. The virtual screen identified several drugs predicted to bind in the conserved RNA tunnel of RdRP, where many of the proposed targets were located. Among these candidates, quinupristin is particularly interesting because it is expected to bind across the RNA tunnel, blocking access from both sides and suggesting that it has the potential to arrest viral replication by preventing viral RNA synthesis. Quinupristin is an antibiotic that has been in clinical use for two decades and is known to cause relatively minor side effects.Conclusion. Quinupristin represents a potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic. At present, we have no evidence that this drug is effective against SARS-CoV-2 but expect that the biomedical community will expeditiously follow up on our in silico findings."}, {"pmid": 32529403, "pmcid": "PMC7289480", "title": "Changes in the use of Otorhinolaryngology Emergency Department during the COVID-19 pandemic: report from Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Elli, Fabrizia", "Turri-Zanoni, Mario", "Arosio, Alberto Daniele", "Karligkiotis, Apostolos", "Battaglia, Paolo", "Castelnuovo, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529403", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper aims to report the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on Emergency Ear nose and Throat (ENT) activity, in Lombardy (Italy), during COVID-19 pandemic. The number of accesses to Emergency Department requiring ENT consultations between February 21st and May 7th, 2020, was retrospectively collected, along with the conditions treated. Data were stratified in 1-week time spans, to evaluate the evolving trends during the on-going epidemic and a comparison with the two previous years was performed. A significant reduction in the number of consultations performed during the pandemic was observed, as high as\u2009-\u200991% compared to the same period of 2018. Multiple reasons can explain such a reduction of Emergency ENT consultations, not least the fear of potentially being infected by SARS-CoV-2 by while accessing the hospital. The analysis performed might be useful as a starting point for a future reorganization of first aid consultations once the epidemic will be resolved."}, {"pmid": 32405913, "pmcid": "PMC7220624", "title": "Correction to: Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences of Viral Toxicities and Host Immune Response.", "journal": "Curr Cardiol Rep", "authors": ["Zhu, Han", "Rhee, June-Wha", "Cheng, Paul", "Waliany, Sarah", "Chang, Amy", "Witteles, Ronald M", "Maecker, Holden", "Davis, Mark M", "Nguyen, Patricia K", "Wu, Sean M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405913", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been pointed out that the second paragraph of the section \"Treatments for SARS-CoV-2 Infection\" contains an error. The original article has been corrected."}, {"pmid": 32232422, "title": "Humans, Viruses, and the Eye-An Early Report From the COVID-19 Front Line.", "journal": "JAMA Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Sommer, Alfred"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232422", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525104, "title": "Publishing in the time of pandemic: Editorial policy of a dermatology journal during COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol", "authors": ["Panda, Saumya"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525104", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384196, "pmcid": "PMC7261986", "title": "Hand eczema - a growing dermatological concern during the COVID-19 pandemic and possible treatments.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Blicharz, Leszek", "Czuwara, Joanna", "Samochocki, Zbigniew", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Chrostowska, Sylwia", "Olszewska, Malgorzata", "Rudnicka, Lidia"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384196", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32163908, "pmcid": "PMC7128485", "title": "Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Zandifar, Atefeh", "Badrfam, Rahim"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32163908", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414880, "title": "AAN position statement: The COVID-19 pandemic and the ethical duties of the neurologist.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Rubin, Michael A", "Bonnie, Richard J", "Epstein, Leon", "Hemphill, Claude", "Kirschen, Matthew", "Lewis, Ariane", "Suarez, Jose I"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414880", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients, clinicians, and hospitals have undergone monumental changes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This crisis has forced us to consider the obligations that we neurologists have to our individual patients as well as the greater community. By returning to our fundamental understanding of these duties, we can ensure that we are providing the most ethically appropriate contingency and crisis care possible. We recommend specific adaptations to both the inpatient and outpatient settings, as well as changes to medical and trainee education. Furthermore, we explore the daunting but potentially necessary implementation of scare resource allocation protocols. As the pandemic evolves, we will need to adapt continuously to these rapidly changing circumstances and consider both national and regional standards and variation."}, {"pmid": 32114746, "title": "[Drug interaction monitoring of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 patients with cancer].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zheng, X W", "Tao, G", "Zhang, Y W", "Yang, G N", "Huang, P"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114746", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192711, "pmcid": "PMC7118662", "title": "Emergency Caesarean delivery in a patient with confirmed COVID-19 under spinal anaesthesia.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Xia, Haifa", "Zhao, Shuai", "Wu, Zhouyang", "Luo, Huilin", "Zhou, Cheng", "Chen, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192711", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362643, "title": "Guidance for building a dedicated health facility to contain the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Agarwal, Anup", "Nagi, Nazia", "Chatterjee, Pranab", "Sarkar, Swarup", "Mourya, Devendra", "Sahay, Rima Rakeshkumar", "Bhatia, Rajesh"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362643", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Preparedness for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its spread in India calls for setting up of adequately equipped and dedicated health facilities to manage sick patients while protecting healthcare workers and the environment. In the wake of other emerging dangerous pathogens in recent times, such as Ebola, Nipah and Zika, it is important that such facilities are kept ready during the inter-epidemic period for training of health professionals and for managing cases of multi-drug resistant and difficult-to-treat pathogens. While endemic potential of such critically ill patients is not yet known, the health system should have surge capacity for such critical care units and preferably each tertiary government hospital should have at least one such facility. This article describes elements of design of such unit (e.g., space, infection control, waste disposal, safety of healthcare workers, partners to be involved in design and plan) which can be adapted to the context of either a new construction or makeshift construction on top of an existing structure. In view of a potential epidemic of COVID-19, specific requirements to handle it are also given."}, {"pmid": 32357210, "pmcid": "PMC7197599", "title": "Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Luers, Jan C", "Rokohl, Alexander C", "Loreck, Niklas", "Wawer Matos, Philomena A", "Augustin, Max", "Dewald, Felix", "Klein, Florian", "Lehmann, Clara", "Heindl, Ludwig M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357210", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) shows a rapid spread over-the-world. Given scarce resources, non-laboratory diagnostics is crucial. In this cross-sectional study, two-thirds of European patients with polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, indicating the significance of this history in the early diagnostics."}, {"pmid": 32497214, "title": "Corrigendum to: A 55-Day-Old Female Infant Infected With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease: Presenting With Pneumonia, Liver Injury, and Heart Damage.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cui, Yuxia", "Tian, Maolu", "Huang, Dong", "Wang, Xike", "Huang, Yuying", "Fan, Li", "Wang, Liang", "Chen, Yun", "Liu, Wenpu", "Zhang, Kai", "Wu, Yue", "Yang, Zhenzhong", "Tao, Jing", "Feng, Jie", "Liu, Kaiyu", "Ye, Xianwei", "Wang, Rongpin", "Zhang, Xiangyan", "Zha, Yan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497214", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369646, "title": "Practical Advice for Management of IBD Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A World Endoscopy Organization Statement.", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Neumann, Helmut", "Emura, Fabian", "Bokemeyer, Bernd", "Guda, Nalini", "Tajiri, Hisao", "Matsumoto, Takayuki", "Rubin, David T"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369646", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is rapidly spreading worldwide and specific literature how to deal with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients is limited so far. Here, the World Endoscopy Organisation is providing practical advice for the management of IBD patients during the pandemic covering the diagnostic and therapeutic spectrum."}, {"pmid": 32374937, "title": "Medical Students' Perceptions and an Anatomy Teacher's Personal Experience Using an e-Learning Platform for Tutorials During the Covid-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Anat Sci Educ", "authors": ["Srinivasan, Dinesh Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374937", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482415, "pmcid": "PMC7205706", "title": "Oxygenation device with reservoir and PEEP (ODRPEEP) in patients with acute respiratory distress due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Segura Alba, Oscar", "Nieto Fernandez-Pacheco, Antonio", "Pardo Rios, Manuel"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482415", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451344, "title": "Are patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at increased risk for COVID-19?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Favalli, Ennio Giulio", "Gerosa, Maria", "Murgo, Antonella", "Caporali, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451344", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213700, "title": "Italy in a Time of Emergency and Scarce Resources: The Need for Embedding Ethical Reflection in Social and Clinical Settings.", "journal": "J Clin Ethics", "authors": ["Nicoli, Federico", "Gasparetto, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213700", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 virus is severely testing the Italian healthcare system, as the requests for intensive treatment are greater than the real capacity of the system to receive patients. Given this emergency situation, it follows that citizens are limited in their freedom of movement in order to limit infection, and that in hospitals a significant number of critical situations must be faced. This brief contribution aims to offer a reflection on the public and clinical role of the bioethicist: a figure able to promote dialogue between the world of medicine and the community, and to face ethical dilemmas even in emergent clinical settings."}, {"pmid": 32525705, "title": "Staying Connected In The COVID-19 Pandemic: Telehealth At The Largest Safety-Net System In The United States.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Lau, Jen", "Knudsen, Janine", "Jackson, Hannah", "Wallach, Andrew B", "Bouton, Michael", "Natsui, Shaw", "Philippou, Christopher", "Karim, Erfan", "Silvestri, David M", "Avalone, Lynsey", "Zaurova, Milana", "Schatz, Daniel", "Sun, Vivian", "Chokshi, Dave A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525705", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "NYC Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H) is the largest safety net health care delivery system in the United States. Prior to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, NYC H+H served over one million patients, including the most vulnerable New Yorkers, and billed fewer than 500 telehealth visits monthly. Once the pandemic struck, we established a strategy to allow us to continue to serve existing patients and treat the surge of new patients. Starting in March\u00a02020 we were able to transform the system using virtual care platforms through which we conducted almost 83,000 billable televisits in one month and more than 30,000 behavioral health encounters via telephone and video. Telehealth also enabled us to support patient-family communication, post-discharge follow-up, and palliative care for COVID-19 patients. Expanded Medicaid coverage and insurance reimbursement for telehealth played a pivotal role in this transformation. As we move to a new blend of virtual and in-person care, it is vital that the major regulatory and insurance changes undergirding our COVID-19 telehealth response be sustained to protect access for our most vulnerable patients. [Editor's Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.]."}, {"pmid": 32247326, "pmcid": "PMC7269887", "title": "Evolving epidemiology and transmission dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 outside Hubei province, China: a descriptive and modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Juanjuan", "Litvinova, Maria", "Wang, Wei", "Wang, Yan", "Deng, Xiaowei", "Chen, Xinghui", "Li, Mei", "Zheng, Wen", "Yi, Lan", "Chen, Xinhua", "Wu, Qianhui", "Liang, Yuxia", "Wang, Xiling", "Yang, Juan", "Sun, Kaiyuan", "Longini, Ira M Jr", "Halloran, M Elizabeth", "Wu, Peng", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Merler, Stefano", "Viboud, Cecile", "Vespignani, Alessandro", "Ajelli, Marco", "Yu, Hongjie"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247326", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began in Wuhan city, Hubei province, in December, 2019, and has spread throughout China. Understanding the evolving epidemiology and transmission dynamics of the outbreak beyond Hubei would provide timely information to guide intervention policy. We collected individual information from official public sources on laboratory-confirmed cases reported outside Hubei in mainland China for the period of Jan 19 to Feb 17, 2020. We used the date of the fourth revision of the case definition (Jan 27) to divide the epidemic into two time periods (Dec 24 to Jan 27, and Jan 28 to Feb 17) as the date of symptom onset. We estimated trends in the demographic characteristics of cases and key time-to-event intervals. We used a Bayesian approach to estimate the dynamics of the net reproduction number (Rt) at the provincial level. We collected data on 8579 cases from 30 provinces. The median age of cases was 44 years (33-56), with an increasing proportion of cases in younger age groups and in elderly people (ie, aged >64 years) as the epidemic progressed. The mean time from symptom onset to hospital admission decreased from 4\u00b74 days (95% CI 0\u00b70-14\u00b70) for the period of Dec 24 to Jan 27, to 2\u00b76 days (0\u00b70-9\u00b70) for the period of Jan 28 to Feb 17. The mean incubation period for the entire period was estimated at 5\u00b72 days (1\u00b78-12\u00b74) and the mean serial interval at 5\u00b71 days (1\u00b73-11\u00b76). The epidemic dynamics in provinces outside Hubei were highly variable but consistently included a mixture of case importations and local transmission. We estimated that the epidemic was self-sustained for less than 3 weeks, with mean Rt reaching peaks between 1\u00b708 (95% CI 0\u00b774-1\u00b754) in Shenzhen city of Guangdong province and 1\u00b771 (1\u00b732-2\u00b717) in Shandong province. In all the locations for which we had sufficient data coverage of Rt, Rt was estimated to be below the epidemic threshold (ie, <1) after Jan 30. Our estimates of the incubation period and serial interval were similar, suggesting an early peak of infectiousness, with possible transmission before the onset of symptoms. Our results also indicate that, as the epidemic progressed, infectious individuals were isolated more quickly, thus shortening the window of transmission in the community. Overall, our findings indicate that strict containment measures, movement restrictions, and increased awareness of the population might have contributed to interrupt local transmission of SARS-CoV-2 outside Hubei province. National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, and European Commission Horizon 2020."}, {"pmid": 32205073, "pmcid": "PMC7191159", "title": "A Cured Patient With 2019-nCoV Pneumonia.", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Ding, Defang", "Zhu, Caisong", "Yao, Weiwu"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205073", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320381, "pmcid": "PMC7193987", "title": "Knowledge and Perceptions of COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers: Cross-Sectional Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth", "Aldhaleei, Wafa Ali", "Rahmani, Jamal", "Mahabadi, Mohammadjavad Ashrafi", "Bandari, Deepak Kumar"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320381", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the first week of March, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak reached more than 100 countries with over 100,000 cases. Health care authorities have already initiated awareness and preparedness activities worldwide. A poor understanding of the disease among health care workers (HCWs) may result in delayed treatment and result in the rapid spread of the infection. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and perceptions of HCWs about COVID-19. A cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted among HCWs about COVID-19 during the first week of March 2020. A 23-item survey instrument was developed and distributed randomly to HCWs using social media; it required 5 minutes to complete. A chi-square test was used to investigate the level of association among variables, with significance set to P<.05. Of 529 participants, a total of 453 HCWs completed the survey (response rate: 85.6%); 51.6% (n=234) were male, 32.1% (n=147) were aged 25-34 years, and most were doctors (n=137, 30.2%) and medical students (n=134, 29.6%). Most participants (n=276, 61.0%) used social media to obtain information on COVID-19. A significant proportion of HCWs had poor knowledge of its transmission (n=276, 61.0%) and symptom onset (n=288, 63.6%) and showed positive perceptions of COVID-19. Factors such as age and profession were associated with inadequate knowledge and a poor perception of COVID-19. As the global threat of COVID-19 continues to emerge, it is critical to improve the knowledge and perceptions of HCWs. Educational interventions are urgently needed to reach HCWs worldwide, and further studies are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32529285, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with febrile neutropenia.", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Flores, Victoria", "Miranda, Raquel", "Merino, Laura", "Gonzalez, Carmen", "Serrano, Cristina", "Solano, Moises", "Herrera, Jessica", "Gonzalez, Paulina", "Ruiz, Genesis", "Saldana, Ricardo", "Cardenas, Ahtziri", "Chavez-Aguilar, Lenica A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529285", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387790, "pmcid": "PMC7190529", "title": "Does COVID-19 pandemic affect sexual behaviour? A cross-sectional, cross-national online survey.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Arafat, S M Yasir", "Alradie-Mohamed, Angi", "Kar, Sujita Kumar", "Sharma, Pawan", "Kabir, Russell"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387790", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330857, "pmcid": "PMC7165104", "title": "Letter to the editor in response to article: \"Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 epidemic (Gupta et al.).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Gupta, Ritesh"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330857", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32163699, "title": "History in a Crisis - Lessons for Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Jones, David S"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32163699", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334062, "pmcid": "PMC7175848", "title": "Current status of potential therapeutic candidates for the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Zhang, Jiancheng", "Xie, Bing", "Hashimoto, Kenji"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334062", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 15, 2020, the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic has swept through 213 countries and infected more than 1,870,000 individuals, posing an unprecedented threat to international health and the economy. There is currently no specific treatment available for patients with COVID-19 infection. The lessons learned from past management of respiratory viral infections have provided insights into treating COVID-19. Numerous potential therapies, including supportive intervention, immunomodulatory agents, antiviral therapy, and convalescent plasma transfusion, have been tentatively applied in clinical settings. A number of these therapies have provided substantially curative benefits in treating patients with COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, intensive research and clinical trials are underway to assess the efficacy of existing drugs and identify potential therapeutic targets to develop new drugs for treating COVID-19. Herein, we summarize the current potential therapeutic approaches for diseases related to COVID-19 infection and introduce their mechanisms of action, safety, and effectiveness."}, {"pmid": 32085849, "pmcid": "PMC7129231", "title": "The first Vietnamese case of COVID-19 acquired from China.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Van Cuong, Le", "Giang, Hoang Thi Nam", "Linh, Le Khac", "Shah, Jaffer", "Van Sy, Le", "Hung, Trinh Huu", "Reda, Abdullah", "Truong, Luong Ngoc", "Tien, Do Xuan", "Huy, Nguyen Tien"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32085849", "countries": ["China", "Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478970, "title": "How Can I Take Care Of You? The Dermatologist Meets Patients' Needs During The Covid19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Radi, G", "Simonetti, O", "Diotallevi, F", "Campanati, A", "Brisigotti, V", "Molinelli, E", "Offidani, A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478970", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312864, "pmcid": "PMC7173682", "title": "Association between age and clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Liu, Yang", "Mao, Bei", "Liang, Shuo", "Yang, Jia-Wei", "Lu, Hai-Wen", "Chai, Yan-Hua", "Wang, Lan", "Zhang, Li", "Li, Qiu-Hong", "Zhao, Lan", "He, Yan", "Gu, Xiao-Long", "Ji, Xiao-Bin", "Li, Li", "Jie, Zhi-Jun", "Li, Qiang", "Li, Xiang-Yang", "Lu, Hong-Zhou", "Zhang, Wen-Hong", "Song, Yuan-Lin", "Qu, Jie-Ming", "Xu, Jin-Fu"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312864", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354536, "pmcid": "PMC7166108", "title": "Helmet Modification to PPE With 3D Printing During the COVID-19 Pandemic at Duke University Medical Center: A Novel Technique.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Erickson, Melissa M", "Richardson, Eric S", "Hernandez, Nicholas M", "Bobbert, Dana W 2nd", "Gall, Ken", "Fearis, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354536", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Care for patients during COVID-19 poses challenges that require the protection of staff with recommendations that health care workers wear at minimum, an N95 mask or equivalent while performing an aerosol-generating procedure with a face shield. The United States faces shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), and surgeons who use loupes and headlights have difficulty using these in conjunction with face shields. Most arthroplasty surgeons use surgical helmet systems, but in the current pandemic, many hospitals have delayed elective arthroplasty surgeries and the helmet systems are going unused. As a result, the authors have begun retrofitting these arthroplasty helmets to serve as PPE. The purpose of this article is to outline the conception, design, donning technique, and safety testing of these arthroplasty helmets being repurposed as PPE."}, {"pmid": 32463026, "title": "A Novel Vaccine Employing Non-Replicating Rabies Virus Expressing Chimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Domains: Functional Inhibition of Viral/Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Complexes.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Stefano, Michelle L", "Kream, Richard M", "Stefano, George B"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463026", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel \u00df-coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clinical studies have documented that potentially severe neurological symptoms are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, thereby suggesting direct CNS penetration by the virus. Prior studies have demonstrated that the destructive neurological effects of rabies virus (RABV) infections are mediated by CNS transport of the virus tightly bound to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). By comparison, it has been hypothesized that a similar mechanism exists to explain the multiple neurological effects of SARS-CoV-2 via binding to peripheral nAChRs followed by orthograde or retrograde transport into the CNS. Genetic engineering of the RABV has been employed to generate novel vaccines consisting of non-replicating RABV particles expressing chimeric capsid proteins containing human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), Ebolavirus, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) sequences. Accordingly, we present a critical discussion that integrates lessons learned from prior RABV research and vaccine development into a working model of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that selectively targets and neutralizes CNS penetration of a tightly bound viral nAChR complex."}, {"pmid": 32315122, "pmcid": "PMC7264582", "title": "COVID-19 in a High-Risk Dual Heart and Kidney Transplant Recipient.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Hsu, Jeffrey J", "Gaynor, Pryce", "Kamath, Megan", "Fan, Ashley", "Al-Saffar, Farah", "Cruz, Daniel", "Nsair, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315122", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly infecting people worldwide, resulting in the infectious disease coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) that has been declared a pandemic. Much remains unknown about COVID-19, including its effects on solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Given their immunosuppressed state, SOT recipients are presumed to be at high risk of complications with viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2. Limited case reports in single SOT recipients, however, have not suggested a particularly severe course in this population. In this report, we present a dual-organ (heart/kidney) transplant recipient who was found to have COVID-19 and, despite the presence of a number of risk factors for poor outcomes, had a relatively mild clinical course."}, {"pmid": 32417123, "pmcid": "PMC7194513", "title": "Convalescent plasma, an apheresis research project targeting and motivating the fully recovered COVID 19 patients: A rousing message of clinical benefit to both donors and recipients alike.", "journal": "Transfus Apher Sci", "authors": ["Seghatchian, J", "Lanza, F"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417123", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This concise manuscript aims to make suggestions for a small step forward in both preventative and therapeutic measures against the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic. This targeted strategy consists of using fully recovered COVID 19 Heroes, that is, brave volunteers, as the source of antibodies in plasma collected by plasmapheresis or affinity column- derived antibodies, both are sterilised and pathogen inactivated for substitution therapy for use in those populations in need of antibody. This include for use in critically ill COVID 19 patients and as a preventative measure, in those at potential risk of infection as no vaccine is yet available. This would be a small step forward, while we are waiting to produce an effective, validated vaccine and witnessing increasing demands for testing and self-isolation which are the two most effective current strategies. In line with this concept, some methodological aspects of the use of the UVC sterilization of FFP/ cryoprecipitate-depleted FFP or immunoglobulins containing neutralizing antibodies for clinical use against COVID-19 are highlighted. The plasmapheresis procedure is, of course, particularly targeted to male donors, who consist of about 75 % of the COVID-19 population and who are able to undergo multiple double, or even triple plasmapheresis procedures. Moreover, as some of these donors have already been in an induced-hypercoagulable state and prone to thrombosis and DVT, this strategy will be partially aimed at improving their health with the use of citrate based anticoagulants and removal of high molecular weight viscous components which contribute to the untoward clinical effects of DVT. Repeated targeted plasmapheresis or plasma exchange of selected COVID-19 positive individuals would undoubtedly lower their state of hypercoagulability and normalize their hypercoagulability. The recipients of such a derived FFP-product would benefit from the two to 3 doses of viral inactivated antibodies, which could neutralize the viral antigens even at very low concentration if present in the early stage. So, this practice would be a double-edged sword with benefits for both donors and recipients."}, {"pmid": 32382152, "title": "Possible consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of biospecimens from cancer biobanks for research in academia and bioindustry.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Hofman, Paul", "Puchois, Pascal", "Brest, Patrick", "Lahlou, Hicham", "Simeon-Dubach, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382152", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432437, "title": "Smart learning for urology residents during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: insights from a nationwide survey in Italy.", "journal": "Minerva Urol Nefrol", "authors": ["Claps, Francesco", "Amparore, Daniele", "Esperto, Francesco", "Cacciamani, Giovanni", "Fiori, Cristian", "Minervini, Andrea", "Liguori, Giovanni", "Trombetta, Carlo", "Porpiglia, Francesco", "Serni, Sergio", "Checcucci, Enrico", "Campi, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432437", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503621, "pmcid": "PMC7274512", "title": "Angiotensin II administration to COVID-19 patients is not advisable.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Speth, Robert C"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503621", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441271, "title": "Novel Coronavirus Mimicking Kawasaki Disease in an Infant.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Acharyya, Bhaswati C", "Acharyya, Saumyabrata", "Das, Dhritabrata"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441271", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412320, "title": "Extremely High Incidence of Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis in 48 Patients with Severe COVID-19 in Wuhan.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Ren, Bin", "Yan, Feifei", "Deng, Zhouming", "Zhang, Sheng", "Xiao, Lingfei", "Wu, Meng", "Cai, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412320", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346092, "pmcid": "PMC7186939", "title": "Cancer therapy tool informs COVID-19 vaccines.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Saffern, Miriam"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346092", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359194, "pmcid": "PMC7267131", "title": "COVID-19 in Spain: Transplantation in the midst of the pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Dominguez-Gil, Beatriz", "Coll, Elisabeth", "Fernandez-Ruiz, Mario", "Corral, Esther", "Del Rio, Francisco", "Zaragoza, Rafael", "Rubio, Juan J", "Hernandez, Domingo"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359194", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Spain has been one of the most affected countries by the COVID-19 outbreak. As of April 28, 2020, the number of confirmed cases is 210\u00a0773, including 102\u00a0548 patients recovered, more than 10\u00a0300 admitted to the ICU, and 23\u00a0822 deaths, with a global case fatality rate of 11.3%. From the perspective of donation and transplantation, the Spanish system first focused on safety issues, providing recommendations for donor evaluation and testing, and to rule out SARS-CoV-2 infection in potential recipients prior to transplantation. Since the country entered into an epidemiological scenario of sustained community transmission and saturation of intensive care, developing donation and transplantation procedures has become highly complex. Since the national state of alarm was declared in Spain on March 13, 2020, the mean number of donors has declined from 7.2 to 1.2 per day, and the mean number of transplants from 16.1 to 2.1 per day. Increased mortality on the waiting list may become a collateral damage of this terrible pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32455515, "title": "[Clinical feature changes of a COVID-19 patient from mild to critical condition and cardiopulmonary pathological results].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Jiang, S W", "Gao, H", "Wu, L", "Wang, G W", "Cen, F L", "Li, J X", "Feng, C", "Wen, J M", "Chen, Y", "He, R L", "Qiao, K", "Wang, Y", "Liu, Y X", "Wang, Z Q"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455515", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyse the clinical history, laboratory tests and pathological data of a patient who suffered from novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19) and provide reference for the clinical treatment of similar cases. Methods: Data of clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, bronchoscopy, echocardiography and cardiopulmonary pathological results were retrospectively reviewed in a case of COVID-19 with rapid exacerbation from mild to critical condition. Results: This patient hospitalized at day 9 post 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infection, experienced progressive deterioration from mild to severe at day 11, severe to critical at day 18 and underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) and continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT) as well as heart lung transplantation during day 28-45 day post infection, and died on the second day post heart and lung transplantation. The patient had suffered from hypertension for 8 years. At the early stage of the disease, his symptoms were mild and the inflammatory indices increased and the lymphocyte count decreased continuously. The patient's condition exacerbated rapidly with multi-organ infections, and eventually developed pulmonary hemorrhage and consolidation, pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, malignant ventricular arrhythmias, liver dysfunction, etc. His clinical manifestations could not be improved despite viral RNAs test results became negative. The patient underwent lung and heart transplantation and finally died of multi organ failure at the second day post lung and heart transplantation. Pathological examination indicated massive mucus, dark red secretions and blood clots in bronchus. The pathological changes were mainly diffused pulmonary hemorrhagic injuries and necrosis, fibrosis, small vessel disease with cardiac edema and lymphocyte infiltration. Conclusions: The clinical course of COVID-19 can exacerbate rapidly from mild to critical with lung, liver and heart injuries. Steadily increased inflammation indices are suggestive of irreversible disease progression and worse outcome. In the early stages of the disease, the progress of the disease should be closely observed and evaluated, and the factors related to the progress of the disease should be identified and managed."}, {"pmid": 32493814, "title": "Inflammasomes and Pyroptosis as Therapeutic Targets for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Immunol", "authors": ["Yap, Jeremy K Y", "Moriyama, Miyu", "Iwasaki, Akiko"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493814", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 infection has a direct impact on the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Of the many innate immune pathways that are engaged by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2, we highlight the importance of the inflammasome pathway. We discuss available pharmaceutical agents that target a critical component of inflammasome activation, signaling leading to cellular pyroptosis, and the downstream cytokines as a promising target for the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019-associated diseases."}, {"pmid": 32365214, "title": "[Bats and humans].", "journal": "Lakartidningen", "authors": ["Sonnerborg, Anders"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365214", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (CoV) species are very common among animals, especially bats. The last two decades three large CoV outbreaks have appeared among humans; Severe Adult Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-1) in 2003, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012 and SARS-2 in 2019, (COVID19). Also a large epidemic among swine, Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome (SADS) appeared in 2017 in China. There is a pool of coronavirus among bats which have the potential to infect humans through the ACE2 receptor, and new human epidemics can be expected. Therefore it is of great importance to develop new antivirals and vaccines against CoV as well as to improve the global infectious disease control of these infections."}, {"pmid": 32396137, "title": "Biosafety measures for preventing infection from COVID-19 in clinical laboratories: IFCC Taskforce Recommendations.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Adeli, Khosrow", "Ferrari, Maurizio", "Horvath, Andrea R", "Koch, David", "Sethi, Sunil", "Wang, Cheng-Bin"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396137", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the third coronavirus outbreak that has emerged in the past 20 years, after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). One important aspect, highlighted by many global health organizations, is that this novel coronavirus outbreak may be especially hazardous to healthcare personnel, including laboratory professionals. Therefore, the aim of this document, prepared by the COVID-19 taskforce of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), is to provide a set of recommendations, adapted from official documents of international and national health agencies, on biosafety measures for routine clinical chemistry laboratories that operate at biosafety levels 1 (BSL-1; work with agents posing minimal threat to laboratory workers) and 2 (BSL-2; work with agents associated with human disease which pose moderate hazard). We believe that the interim measures proposed in this document for best practice will help minimazing the risk of developing COVID-19 while working in clinical laboratories."}, {"pmid": 32292623, "pmcid": "PMC7102540", "title": "Recent advances and perspectives of nucleic acid detection for coronavirus.", "journal": "J Pharm Anal", "authors": ["Shen, Minzhe", "Zhou, Ying", "Ye, Jiawei", "Abdullah Al-Maskri, Abdu Ahmed", "Kang, Yu", "Zeng, Su", "Cai, Sheng"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292623", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pneumonia outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Chinais posing a great threat to global public health. Therefore, rapid and a accurate identification of pathogenic viruses plays a vital role in selecting appropriate treatments, saving people's lives and preventing epidemics. It is important to establish a quick standard diagnostic test for the detection of the infectious disease (COVID-19) to prevent subsequent secondary spread. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is regarded as a gold standard test for the molecular diagnosis of viral and bacterial infections with high sensitivity and specificity. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification is considered to be a highly promising candidate method due to its fundamental advantage in quick procedure time at constant temperature without thermocycler operation. A variety of improved or new approaches also have been developed. This review summarizes the currently available detection methods for coronavirus nucleic acid. It is anticipated that this will assist researchers and clinicians in developing better techniques for timely and effective detection of coronavirus infection."}, {"pmid": 32519004, "title": "How likely are COVID-19 interventions to benefit the sickest patients?", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Perner, Anders", "Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Bharath Kumar", "Venkatesh, Balasubramanian"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519004", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407807, "pmcid": "PMC7214317", "title": "Could Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Immunomodulators or Biologics Be at Lower Risk for Severe Forms of Covid-19?", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Macaluso, Fabio Salvatore", "Orlando, Ambrogio"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407807", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464156, "pmcid": "PMC7247496", "title": "Depression and anxiety among adolescents during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Chen, Fangping", "Zheng, Dan", "Liu, Jing", "Gong, Yi", "Guan, Zhizhong", "Lou, Didong"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464156", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271376, "pmcid": "PMC7184421", "title": "Factors associated with prolonged viral RNA shedding in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xu, Kaijin", "Chen, Yanfei", "Yuan, Jing", "Yi, Ping", "Ding, Cheng", "Wu, Wenrui", "Li, Yongtao", "Ni, Qin", "Zou, Rongrong", "Li, Xiaohe", "Xu, Min", "Zhang, Ying", "Zhao, Hong", "Zhang, Xuan", "Yu, Liang", "Su, Junwei", "Lang, Guanjing", "Liu, Jun", "Wu, Xiaoxin", "Guo, Yongzheng", "Tao, Jingjing", "Shi, Ding", "Yu, Ling", "Cao, Qing", "Ruan, Bing", "Liu, Lei", "Wang, Zhaoqin", "Xu, Yan", "Liu, Yingxia", "Sheng, Jifang", "Li, Lanjuan"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271376", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is becoming a public health emergency. Data are limited on the duration and host factors related to viral shedding. In this retrospective study, risk factors associated with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA shedding were evaluated in a cohort of 113 symptomatic patients from two hospitals outside Wuhan. The median duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection was 17 days (Interquartile Range [IQR], 13-22 days) as measured from illness onset. When comparing patients with early (<15 days) and late viral RNA clearance (\u226515 days after illness onset), prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding was associated with male sex (p=0.009), old age (p=0.033), concomitated with hypertension (p=0.009), delayed admission to hospital after illness onset (p=0.001), severe illness at admission (p=0.049), invasive mechanical ventilation (p=0.006), and corticosteroid treatment (p=0.025). Patients with longer SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding duration had slower recovery of body temperature (p<0.001) and focal absorption on radiograph images (p<0.001) than patients with early SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance. Male sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.24 [95% CI, 1.31-8.02]), delayed hospital admission (OR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.10-1.54]), and invasive mechanical ventilation (OR, 9.88 [95% CI, 1.11-88.02]) were independent risk factors for prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding. Male sex, delayed admission to hospital after illness onset, and invasive mechanical ventilation were associated with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding. Hospital admission and general treatments should be started as soon as possible in symptomatic COVID-19 patients, especially male patients."}, {"pmid": 32374121, "title": "In these difficult times of COVID-19, urologic research cannot stop: COVID-19 pandemic and reconstructive urology highlighted in International Brazilian Journal of Urology.", "journal": "Int Braz J Urol", "authors": ["Favorito, Luciano A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374121", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360869, "pmcid": "PMC7252138", "title": "Perspective: COVID-19, implications of nasal diseases and consequences for their management.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Jian, Li", "Yi, Wei", "Zhang, Nan", "Wen, Weiping", "Krysko, Olga", "Song, Woo-Jung", "Bachert, Claus"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360869", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458598, "title": "[Management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): experiences from imported malaria control in China].", "journal": "Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, Y B", "Cao, J"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458598", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the local transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been effectively contained in China; however, the epidemic situation of this highly infectious disease is more and more serious outside of China. Importation of COVID-19 cases from other countries and territories is therefore becoming a new challenge for the control of COVID-19 in China. Malaria was once widely epidemic in China. Nevertheless, the local transmission of this parasitic disease has been interrupted in China since the launch of the national malaria elimination programme in 2010, and great successes have been achieved in the management of appropriately 3 thousand malaria cases imported from other countries and territories annually. Hereby, the epidemiological characteristics and current epidemic situation of COVID-19 in China were analyzed and compared with malaria. Based on the successful experiences from the management of overseas imported malaria in China, the strategy and countermeasures for COVID-19 control were proposed, so as to provide insights into the response to the importation of COVID-19 from other countries and territories and the consolidation of the control achievements in China."}, {"pmid": 32352576, "pmcid": "PMC7267544", "title": "COVID-19 in pregnancy: risk of adverse neonatal outcomes.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Mehan, Aman", "Venkatesh, Ashwin", "Girish, Milind"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352576", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with great interest the study by Siyu Chen and colleagues. The authors evaluated the clinical features and outcomes of five pregnant patients with COVID-19 at term, whose delivery was uneventful and led to favorable perinatal outcomes for both mother and neonate. We would like to draw attention to a growing body of evidence that now points towards an under-addressed association between preterm maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, preterm delivery and adverse neonatal outcomes, which is not reflected in Chen et al.'s small cohort. We also stress that vertical transmission, which was not tested for by Chen et al., should not be excluded as a potential mechanism for viral spread. Centers should therefore be meticulous in their approach to a SARS-CoV-2+ pregnancy to optimize clinical outcomes for both mother and child. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32220180, "title": "[Oral Health Management of Children during the Epidemic Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019].", "journal": "Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Wang, Yan", "Zhou, Chen-Chen", "Shu, Rui", "Zou, Jing"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220180", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is becoming a major public health event affecting China and even the whole world. During the epidemic period of corona virus disease, appropriate oral health management and disease prevention of children is very important for children's oral and general health. In order to prevent the occurrence of cross-infection and epidemic spreading of COVID-19 during dental practice, the recommendations to parents include: not only training children to maintain hand hygiene at home, exercise appropriately, strengthen physical resistance, but also helping children develop good oral and diet habit such as effective brushing and flossing to avoid oral diseases and emergency. If non-emergency oral situation occur, parents could assist their child to take home based care such as rinsing to relieve the symptoms. When oral emergencies such as acute pulpitis, periapical periodontitis, dental trauma, oral and maxillofacial infections happen, parents and children should visit dental clinic in time with correct personal protection. During the epidemic period, children's oral emergencies should be treated in accordance with current guidelines and control of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32374630, "title": "Crucial Conversations with Patients in Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Siropaides, Caitlin Holt", "Sulistio, Melanie S", "Reimold, Sharon Coplen"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374630", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239591, "pmcid": "PMC7228333", "title": "Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: A retrospective study.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Xie, Hansheng", "Zhao, Jianming", "Lian, Ningfang", "Lin, Su", "Xie, Qunfang", "Zhuo, Huichang"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239591", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised world concern for global epidemic since December, 2019. Limited data are available for liver function in COVID-19 patients. We aimed to investigate the risk factors related to liver injury in the COVID-19 patients. A retrospective study was performed in non-ICU Ward at Jinyintan Hospital from February 2, 2020 to February 23, 2020. Consecutively confirmed COVID-19 discharged cases were enrolled. The clinical characteristics of patients with liver injury and without liver injury were compared. A total of 79 COVID-19 patients were included. 31.6%, 35.4% and 5.1% COVID-19 patients had elevated levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and bilirubin respectively. Median value of ALT, AST and bilirubin for entire cohort was 36.5 (17.5\u00a0~\u00a071.5) U/L, 34.5 (25.3\u00a0~\u00a055.3) U/L and 12.7 (8.1\u00a0~\u00a015.4) mmol/L respectively. There were no significant differences in age, previous medical history and symptoms between the two groups. Males were more likely to have liver injury when infected with COVID-19 (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05); compared with patients without liver injury, patients with liver injury had increased levels of white blood cell counts, neutrophils, CRP and CT score (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05) and had a longer length of stay (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05). Logistic regression analyses suggested that the extent of pulmonary lesions on CT was a predictor of liver function damage (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05). Liver injury is common in non-ICU hospitalized COVID-19 patients. It may be related to systemic inflammation. Intense monitoring and evaluation of liver function in patients with severe pulmonary imaging lesions should be considered."}, {"pmid": 32425634, "pmcid": "PMC7231485", "title": "The dynamics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xia, Yong", "Hong, Honghai", "Feng, Yao", "Liu, Meiling", "Pan, Xingfei", "Chen, Dexiong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425634", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246834, "title": "Favipiravir: Pharmacokinetics and Concerns About Clinical Trials for 2019-nCoV Infection.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Du, Yin-Xiao", "Chen, Xiao-Ping"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246834", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of 2019-nCoV infection has spread across the world. No specific antiviral drugs have been approved for the treatment of COVID-2019. In addition to the recommended antiviral drugs, such as interferon-\u0251, lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, and chloroquine phosphate, some clinical trials focusing on virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors have been registered and initiated. Favipiravir, a purine nucleic acid analog and potent RdRp inhibitor approved for use in influenza, is also considered in several clinical trials. Herein, we summarized the pharmacokinetic characteristics of favipiravir and possible drug-drug interactions from the view of drug metabolism. We hope this will be helpful for the design of clinical trials for favipiravir in COVID-2019, as data regarding in vitro virus inhibition and efficacy in preclinical animal studies are still not available."}, {"pmid": 32360444, "pmcid": "PMC7195088", "title": "Balancing evidence and frontline experience in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: current position of the Italian Society of Anti-infective Therapy (SITA) and the Italian Society of Pulmonology (SIP).", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Bassetti, M", "Giacobbe, D R", "Aliberti, S", "Barisione, E", "Centanni, S", "De Rosa, F G", "Di Marco, F", "Gori, A", "Granata, G", "Mikulska, M", "Petrosillo, N", "Richeldi, L", "Santus, P", "Tascini, C", "Vena, A", "Viale, P", "Blasi, F"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360444", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has rapidly become epidemic in Italy and other European countries. The disease spectrum ranges from asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic presentations to acute respiratory failure. At the present time the absolute number of severe cases requiring ventilator support is reaching or even surpassing the intensive care unit bed capacity in the most affected regions and countries. To narratively summarize the available literature on the management of COVID-19 in order to combine current evidence and frontline opinions and to provide balanced answers to pressing clinical questions. Inductive PubMed search for publications relevant to the topic. The available literature and the authors' frontline-based opinion are summarized in brief narrative answers to selected clinical questions, with a conclusive statement provided for each answer. Many off-label antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs are currently being administered to patients with COVID-19. Physicians must be aware that, as they are not supported by high-level evidence, these treatments may often be ethically justifiable only in those worsening patients unlikely to improve only with supportive care, and who cannot be enrolled onto randomized clinical trials. Access to well-designed randomized controlled trials should be expanded as much as possible because it is the most secure way to change for the better our approach to COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32353345, "pmcid": "PMC7185924", "title": "Estimation of COVID-19 burden in Egypt.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Elmeleegy, Khaled"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353345", "countries": ["Egypt"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345590, "title": "Covid-19: undocumented migrants are probably at greatest risk.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bhopal, Raj"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345590", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405509, "pmcid": "PMC7184446", "title": "The Efficacy and Safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection: Current Understanding and Gap Analysis.", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wilcox, Mark H", "McGovern, Barbara H", "Hecht, Gail A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405509", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The leading risk factor for Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) is broad-spectrum antibiotics, which lead to low microbial diversity, or dysbiosis. Current therapeutic strategies for CDI are insufficient, as they do not address the key role of the microbiome in preventing C. difficile spore germination into toxin-producing vegetative bacteria, which leads to symptomatic disease. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) appears to reduce the risk of recurrent CDI through microbiome restoration. However, a wide range of efficacy rates have been reported, and few placebo-controlled trials have been conducted, limiting our understanding of FMT efficacy and safety. We discuss the current knowledge gaps driven by questions around the quality and consistency of clinical trial results, patient selection, diagnostic methodologies, use of suppressive antibiotic therapy, and methods for adverse event reporting. We provide specific recommendations for future trial designs of FMT to provide improved quality of the clinical evidence to better inform treatment guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32381698, "title": "Ape researchers mobilize to save primates from coronavirus.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Gibbons, Ann"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381698", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267768, "title": "COVID-19 and emergency planning.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Winter, George"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267768", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392331, "pmcid": "PMC7239243", "title": "Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Zhuhai, China, 2020.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wu, Jian", "Huang, Yiying", "Tu, Changli", "Bi, Chunping", "Chen, Zhigang", "Luo, Liyun", "Huang, Mingxing", "Chen, Meizhu", "Tan, Cuiyan", "Wang, Zhenguo", "Wang, Kongqiu", "Liang, YingJian", "Huang, Jin", "Zheng, Xiaobin", "Liu, Jing"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392331", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To illustrate the extent of transmission, identify affecting risk factors and estimate epidemiological modeling parameters of SARS-CoV-2 in household setting. We enrolled 35 confirmed index cases and their 148 household contacts, January 2020-February 2020, in Zhuhai, China. All participants were interviewed and asked to complete questionnaires. Household contacts were then prospectively followed active symptom monitoring through the 21-day period and nasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal swabs were collected at 3-7 days intervals. Epidemiological, demographic and clinical data (when available) were collected. Assuming that all these secondary cases were infected by their index cases, the second infection rate (SIR) in household context is 32.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.4%-44.4%), with 10.4% of secondary cases being asymptomatic. Multivariate analysis showed that household contacts with underlying medical conditions, a history of direct exposure to Wuhan and its surrounding areas, and shared vehicle with an index patient were associated with higher susceptibility. Household members without protective measures after illness onset of the index patient seem to increase the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The median incubation period and serial interval within household were estimated to be 4.3 days (95% CI; 3.4 to 5.3 days) and 5.1 days (95% CI; 4.3 to 6.2 days), respectively. Early isolation of patients with COVID-19 and prioritizing rapid contact investigation, followed by active symptom monitoring and periodic laboratory evaluation, should be initiated immediately after confirming patients to address the underlying determinants driving the continuing pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32371032, "pmcid": "PMC7161486", "title": "Cardiovascular Disease in the Post-COVID-19 Era - the Impending Tsunami?", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Allahwala, Usaid K", "Denniss, A Robert", "Zaman, Sarah", "Bhindi, Ravinay"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371032", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353347, "pmcid": "PMC7185944", "title": "Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen, China: a retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bi, Qifang", "Wu, Yongsheng", "Mei, Shujiang", "Ye, Chenfei", "Zou, Xuan", "Zhang, Zhen", "Liu, Xiaojian", "Wei, Lan", "Truelove, Shaun A", "Zhang, Tong", "Gao, Wei", "Cheng, Cong", "Tang, Xiujuan", "Wu, Xiaoliang", "Wu, Yu", "Sun, Binbin", "Huang, Suli", "Sun, Yu", "Zhang, Juncen", "Ma, Ting", "Lessler, Justin", "Feng, Tiejian"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353347", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, prompted heightened surveillance in Shenzhen, China. The resulting data provide a rare opportunity to measure key metrics of disease course, transmission, and the impact of control measures. From Jan 14 to Feb 12, 2020, the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention identified 391 SARS-CoV-2 cases and 1286 close contacts. We compared cases identified through symptomatic surveillance and contact tracing, and estimated the time from symptom onset to confirmation, isolation, and admission to hospital. We estimated metrics of disease transmission and analysed factors influencing transmission risk. Cases were older than the general population (mean age 45 years) and balanced between males (n=187) and females (n=204). 356 (91%) of 391 cases had mild or moderate clinical severity at initial assessment. As of Feb 22, 2020, three cases had died and 225 had recovered (median time to recovery 21 days; 95% CI 20-22). Cases were isolated on average 4\u00b76 days (95% CI 4\u00b71-5\u00b70) after developing symptoms; contact tracing reduced this by 1\u00b79 days (95% CI 1\u00b71-2\u00b77). Household contacts and those travelling with a case were at higher risk of infection (odds ratio 6\u00b727 [95% CI 1\u00b749-26\u00b733] for household contacts and 7\u00b706 [1\u00b743-34\u00b791] for those travelling with a case) than other close contacts. The household secondary attack rate was 11\u00b72% (95% CI 9\u00b71-13\u00b78), and children were as likely to be infected as adults (infection rate 7\u00b74% in children <10 years vs population average of 6\u00b76%). The observed reproductive number (R) was 0\u00b74 (95% CI 0\u00b73-0\u00b75), with a mean serial interval of 6\u00b73 days (95% CI 5\u00b72-7\u00b76). Our data on cases as well as their infected and uninfected close contacts provide key insights into the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. This analysis shows that isolation and contact tracing reduce the time during which cases are infectious in the community, thereby reducing the R. The overall impact of isolation and contact tracing, however, is uncertain and highly dependent on the number of asymptomatic cases. Moreover, children are at a similar risk of infection to the general population, although less likely to have severe symptoms; hence they should be considered in analyses of transmission and control. Emergency Response Program of Harbin Institute of Technology, Emergency Response Program of Peng Cheng Laboratory, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."}, {"pmid": 32419854, "pmcid": "PMC7221278", "title": "Coronavirus in pregnancy. What we know so far?", "journal": "Maedica (Buchar)", "authors": ["Anca Marina, Ciobanu", "Gheorghe, Peltecu", "Anca Maria, Panaitescu"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419854", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are a group of viruses which, even if they are affecting mainly mammals and birds, could be transmitted to humans, generating common cold. The new virus strain is named SARS-CoV-2 and has 85% sequence similarity to SARS-CoV. Until now, it has caused more than 100 000 confirmed cases of infection and almost 5000 deaths, having a mortality rate of 4%. All information (symptoms, signs, management, complications) are taken from the other pandemic infections (SARS, MERS). Information about viral infection concerning pregnant women are limited and are common to other SARS infections. There are very few cases of pregnant patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and studies are ongoing."}, {"pmid": 32344452, "pmcid": "PMC7267301", "title": "Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva: can an endodontist take the lead in point-of-care COVID-19 testing?", "journal": "Int Endod J", "authors": ["Sharma, S", "Kumar, V", "Chawla, A", "Logani, A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344452", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213325, "pmcid": "PMC7104291", "title": "COVID-19: mitigating transmission via wastewater plumbing systems.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Gormley, Michael", "Aspray, Thomas J", "Kelly, David A"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213325", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307526, "pmcid": "PMC7188149", "title": "Community universal face mask use during the COVID 19 pandemic-from households to travellers and public spaces.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Raina MacIntyre, C", "Jay Hasanain, S"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307526", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470223, "title": "COVID-19: Structural Predictions of Viral Success.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Stein, Richard A", "Young, Lauren M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470223", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of the 21st century, three coronaviruses have crossed the species barrier and caused serious human disease: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in November 2002 [1, 2], Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 [3, 4], and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 [5, 6]. SARS-CoV-2 [7], initially called 2019-nCoV, is the etiological agent of COVID-19, a highly contagious infectious illness that was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and subsequently spread globally [8]. As of May 24, 2020, COVID-19 has caused >5,370,000 infections and >343,000 deaths worldwide [9]."}, {"pmid": 32402610, "pmcid": "PMC7203021", "title": "COVID-19: Neurology residents' perspective.", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["AlGaeed, Mohanad", "Grewal, Manjot", "Richardson, Perry K", "Leon Guerrero, Christopher R"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402610", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Throughout this pandemic, neurology resident education and service has, and will continue to be, affected during this unprecedented time. Balancing the safety of our residents as well as the anticipated inpatient service demands, we have, and continue to, make changes to meet the needs of our community. Education certainly has been affected but we have made great effort to maintain normalcy. We are leveraging web-based technologies to continue formal didactics. The American Academy of Neurology has provided program directors with various tools to share to provide high-yield academic education. AAN Synapse, distance learning modules, and podcasts are a few examples. Each residency training program will likely face different challenges depending on location and community structure. We have an obligation to help all of our colleagues in the hospital in providing quality and compassionate care during this time of need. Our training and education will only benefit from this experience teaching us lessons on adaptability, the importance of teamwork, and self-sacrifice."}, {"pmid": 32418199, "title": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Pathol", "authors": ["Bourgonje, Arno R", "Abdulle, Amaal Eman", "Timens, Wim", "Hillebrands, Jan-Luuk", "Navis, Gerjan J", "Gordijn, Sanne J", "Bolling, Marieke C", "Dijkstra, Gerard", "Voors, Adriaan A", "Osterhaus, Albert D M E", "van der Voort, Peter H J", "Mulder, Douwe J", "van Goor, Harry"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418199", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been established as the functional host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the current devastating worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ACE2 is abundantly expressed in a variety of cells residing in many different human organs. In human physiology, ACE2 is a pivotal counter-regulatory enzyme to ACE by the breakdown of angiotensin II, the central player in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the main substrate of ACE2. Many factors have been associated with both altered ACE2 expression and COVID-19 severity and progression, including age, sex, ethnicity, medication, and several co-morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Although ACE2 is widely distributed in various human tissues and many of its determinants have been well recognised, ACE2-expressing organs do not equally participate in COVID-19 pathophysiology, implying that other mechanisms are involved in orchestrating cellular infection resulting in tissue damage. Reports of pathologic findings in tissue specimens of COVID-19 patients are rapidly emerging and confirm the established role of ACE2 expression and activity in disease pathogenesis. Identifying pathologic changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucially important as it has major implications for understanding COVID-19 pathophysiology and the development of evidence-based treatment strategies. Currently, many interventional strategies are being explored in ongoing clinical trials, encompassing many drug classes and strategies, including antiviral drugs, biological response modifiers, and RAAS inhibitors. Ultimately, prevention is key to combat COVID-19 and appropriate measures are being taken accordingly, including development of effective vaccines. In this review, we describe the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 pathophysiology, including factors influencing ACE2 expression and activity in relation to COVID-19 severity. In addition, we discuss the relevant pathological changes resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we highlight a selection of potential treatment modalities for COVID-19. \u00a9 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland."}, {"pmid": 32244258, "title": "Considerations on Colorectal Cancer Care in a COVID-19 Pandemic Epicenter.", "journal": "Surg Technol Int", "authors": ["Gachabayov, Mahir", "Dong, Xiang Da", "Latifi, Rifat", "Bergamaschi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244258", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508399, "pmcid": "PMC7260529", "title": "Time Series Analysis and Forecast of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India using Genetic Programming.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Salgotra, Rohit", "Gandomi, Mostafa", "Gandomi, Amir H"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508399", "countries": ["India", "China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 declared as a global pandemic by WHO, has emerged as the most aggressive disease, impacting more than 90% countries of the world. The virus started from a single human being in China, is now increasing globally at a rate of 3% to 5% daily and has become a never ending process. Some studies even predict that the virus will stay with us forever. India being the second most populous country of the world, is also not saved, and the virus is spreading as a community level transmitter. Therefore, it become really important to analyse the possible impact of COVID-19 in India and forecast how it will behave in the days to come. In present work, prediction models based on genetic programming (GP) have been developed for confirmed cases (CC) and death cases (DC) across three most affected states namely Maharashtra, Gujarat and Delhi as well as whole India. The proposed prediction models are presented using explicit formula, and impotence of prediction variables are studied. Here, statistical parameters and metrics have been used for evaluated and validate the evolved models. From the results, it has been found that the proposed GEP-based models use simple linkage functions and are highly reliable for time series prediction of COVID-19 cases in India."}, {"pmid": 32294295, "pmcid": "PMC7262093", "title": "Pathological evidence of pulmonary thrombotic phenomena in severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Dolhnikoff, Marisa", "Duarte-Neto, Amaro Nunes", "de Almeida Monteiro, Renata Aparecida", "da Silva, Luiz Fernando Ferraz", "de Oliveira, Ellen Pierre", "Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento", "Mauad, Thais", "Negri, Elnara Marcia"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294295", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403007, "pmcid": "PMC7198188", "title": "Self-collection: An appropriate alternative during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Wehrhahn, Michael C", "Robson, Jennifer", "Brown, Suzanne", "Bursle, Evan", "Byrne, Shane", "New, David", "Chong, Smathi", "Newcombe, James P", "Siversten, Terri", "Hadlow, Narelle"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403007", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the reliability of self-collection for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses because swab collections for SARS-CoV-2 put health workers at risk of infection and require use of personal protective equipment (PPE). In a prospective study, patients from two states in Australia attending dedicated COVID-19 collection clinics were offered the option to first self-collect (SC) nasal and throat swabs (SCNT) prior to health worker collect (HC) using throat and nasal swabs (Site 1) or throat and nasopharyngeal swabs (Site 2). Samples were analysed for SARS-CoV-2 as well as common respiratory viruses. Concordance of results between methods was assessed using Cohen's kappa (\u03ba) and Cycle threshold (Ct) values were recorded for all positive results as a surrogate measure for viral load. Of 236 patients sampled by HC and SC, 25 had SARS-CoV-2 (24 by HC and 25 by SC) and 63 had other respiratory viruses (56 by HC and 58 by SC). SC was highly concordant with HC (\u03ba\u202f=\u202f0.890) for all viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and more concordant than HC to positive results by any method (\u03ba\u202f=\u202f0.959 vs 0.933). Mean SARS-CoV-2 E-gene and N-gene, rhinovirus and parainfluenza Ct values did not differ between HC and SCNT. Self-collection of nasal and throat swabs offers a reliable alternative to health worker collection for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses and provides patients with easier access to testing, reduces exposure of the community and health workers to those being tested and reduces requirement for PPE."}, {"pmid": 32417376, "pmcid": "PMC7224656", "title": "The Impact of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic and Italian Lockdown Measures on Clinical Presentation and Management of Acute Heart Failure.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Colivicchi, Furio", "Di Fusco, Stefania Angela", "Magnanti, Massimo", "Cipriani, Manlio", "Imperoli, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417376", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409521, "title": "Continuing care and COVID-19: a Canadian tragedy that must not be allowed to happen again.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Holroyd-Leduc, Jayna M", "Laupacis, Andreas"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409521", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314526, "pmcid": "PMC7264607", "title": "Family violence and COVID-19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Usher, Kim", "Bhullar, Navjot", "Durkin, Joanne", "Gyamfi, Naomi", "Jackson, Debra"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314526", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298767, "pmcid": "PMC7194951", "title": "COVID-19: Abnormal liver function tests.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Cai, Qingxian", "Huang, Deliang", "Yu, Hong", "Zhu, Zhibin", "Xia, Zhang", "Su, Yinan", "Li, Zhiwei", "Zhou, Guangde", "Gou, Jizhou", "Qu, Jiuxin", "Sun, Yan", "Liu, Yingxia", "He, Qing", "Chen, Jun", "Liu, Lei", "Xu, Lin"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298767", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent data on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has begun to shine light on the impact of the disease on the liver. But no studies to date have systematically described liver test abnormalities in patients with COVID-19. We evaluated the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in patients with abnormal liver test results. Clinical records and laboratory results were obtained from 417 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to the only referral hospital in Shenzhen, China from January 11 to February 21, 2020 and followed up to March 7, 2020. Information on clinical features of patients with abnormal liver tests were collected for analysis. Of 417 patients with COVID-19, 318 (76.3%) had abnormal liver test results and 90 (21.5%) had liver injury during hospitalization. The presence of abnormal liver tests became more pronounced during hospitalization within 2 weeks, with 49 (23.4%), 31 (14.8%), 24 (11.5%) and 51 (24.4%) patients having alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels elevated to more than 3\u00d7 the upper limit of normal, respectively. Patients with abnormal liver tests of hepatocellular type or mixed type at admission had higher odds of progressing to severe disease (odds ratios [ORs] 2.73; 95% CI 1.19-6.3, and 4.44, 95% CI 1.93-10.23, respectively). The use of lopinavir/ritonavir was also found to lead to increased odds of liver injury (OR from 4.44 to 5.03, both p <0.01). Patients with abnormal liver tests were at higher risk of progressing to severe disease. The detrimental effects on liver injury mainly related to certain medications used during hospitalization, which should be monitored and evaluated frequently. Data on liver tests in patients with COVID-19 are scarce. We observed a high prevalence of liver test abnormalities and liver injury in 417 patients with COVID-19 admitted to our referral center, and the prevalence increased substantially during hospitalization. The presence of abnormal liver tests and liver injury were associated with the progression to severe pneumonia. The detrimental effects on liver injury were related to certain medications used during hospitalization, which warrants frequent monitoring and evaluation for these patients."}, {"pmid": 32353170, "pmcid": "PMC7267646", "title": "Cutaneous lesions in a patient with COVID-19: are they related?", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Ahouach, B", "Harant, S", "Ullmer, A", "Martres, P", "Begon, E", "Blum, L", "Tess, O", "Bachmeyer, C"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353170", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A previously healthy 57-year-old woman presented with fever (39\u00a0\u00b0C) lasting for 4 days, and dry cough and rash appeared 2 days before. Diffuse fixed erythematous blanching maculopapular lesions were present, asymptomatic over the limbs and trunk, with burning sensation over the palms (a, b). She denied any drug intake, excepting paracetamol for fever. Thorax computed tomography scan was typical of COVID-19; nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Infectious enquiry was otherwise negative. Skin biopsy specimen showed slight spongiosis, basal cell vacuolation and mild perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate (c)."}, {"pmid": 32523133, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 downregulation of ACE2 and pleiotropic effects of ACEIs/ARBs.", "journal": "Hypertens Res", "authors": ["Ciulla, Michele M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523133", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301199, "pmcid": "PMC7262308", "title": "Estimation of basic reproduction number for COVID-19 and the reasons for its differences.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Najafimehr, Hadis", "Mohamed Ali, Kosar", "Safari, Saeed", "Yousefifard, Mahmoud", "Hosseini, Mostafa"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301199", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pneumonia is an acute respiratory disease. In December 2019, this disease emerged in Wuhan, China. The Chinese government called it SARS-CoV-2 which was subsequently named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. In January 2020, WHO confirmed it as a sustained human to human disease [2]. By March 2020, COVID-19 had been transmitted round the world rapidly and every day large number of new cases were registered. COVID-19 is a leaped type of coronavirus family such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) that has been transmitted from wild animals to human [3]."}, {"pmid": 32233967, "title": "Perspectives on Pediatric Appendicitis and Appendectomy During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A", "authors": ["Polites, Stephanie F", "Azarow, Kenneth S"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233967", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322401, "pmcid": "PMC7171518", "title": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a pandemic (epidemiology, pathogenesis and potential therapeutics).", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Hamid, Saima", "Mir, Mohammad Yaseen", "Rohela, Gulab Khan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322401", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is highly pathogenic viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. Currently, COVID-19 has caused global health concern. It is assumed that COVID-19 has zoonotic origin based on the large number of infected people who were exposed to the wet market in Wuhan City, China. The phylogenetic analysis has revealed that SARS-CoV-2 has significant sequence similarity with severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses, thus bats could be primary possible reservoir. The intermediate host and there subsequent transfer is not known yet, although human to human transfer is widely confirmed. The transmission of COVID-19 infection from one person to another resulted in the isolation of patients who were subsequently given a variety of treatments. To monitor the current outbreak, robust steps have been taken around the globe to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 infection particularly banning international and domestic flights, inducting lockdowns in vulnerable areas, social distancing etc. No clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine against COVID-19 is reported yet. However, in clinical trials, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs were evaluated against COVID-19 infection which resulted in clinical recovery. In this article emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection along with potential therapeutic strategies are analyzed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32359422, "title": "Phone-based data collection in a refugee community under COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Chen, Alexandra", "Tossyeh, Fadila", "Arnous, Maguy", "Saleh, Ahmad", "El Hassan, Ahmed", "Saade, Joy", "Miller, Kenneth E"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334676, "pmcid": "PMC7180020", "title": "Mitigating the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on sickle cell disease services in African countries.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Dexter, Daniel", "Simons, David", "Kiyaga, Charles", "Kapata, Nathan", "Ntoumi, Francine", "Kock, Richard", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334676", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427393, "title": "Telomeres and COVID-19.", "journal": "FASEB J", "authors": ["Aviv, Abraham"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427393", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The medical, public health, and scientific communities are grappling with monumental imperatives to contain COVID-19, develop effective vaccines, identify efficacious treatments for the infection and its complications, and find biomarkers that detect patients at risk of severe disease. The focus of this communication is on a potential biomarker, short telomere length (TL), that might serve to identify patients more likely to die from the SARS-CoV-2 infection, regardless of age. The common thread linking these patients is lymphopenia, which largely reflects a decline in the numbers of CD4/CD8 T cells but not B cells. These findings are consistent with data that lymphocyte TL dynamics impose a limit on T-cell proliferation. They suggest that T-cell lymphopoiesis might stall in individuals with short TL who are infected with SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32332154, "pmcid": "PMC7211094", "title": "Balancing the duty to treat with the duty to family in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["McConnell, Doug"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332154", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare systems around the world are struggling to maintain a sufficient workforce to provide adequate care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Staffing problems have been exacerbated by healthcare workers (HCWs) refusing to work out of concern for their families. I sketch a deontological framework for assessing when it is morally permissible for HCWs to abstain from work to protect their families from infection and when it is a dereliction of duty to patients. I argue that it is morally permissible for HCWs to abstain from work when their duty to treat is outweighed by the combined risks and burdens of that work. For HCWs who live with their families, the obligation to protect one's family from infection contributes significantly to those burdens. There are, however, a range of complicating factors including the strength of duty to treat which varies according to the HCW's role, the vulnerability of family members to the disease, the willingness of family members to risk infection and the resources available to the HCW to protect their family. In many cases, HCWs in 'frontline' roles with a weak duty to treat and families at home will be morally permitted to abstain from work given the risks posed by COVID-19; therefore, society should provide additional incentives to maintain sufficient staff in these roles."}, {"pmid": 32338533, "title": "INFECTIONS IN PREGNANCY WITH COVID-19 AND OTHER RESPIRATORY RNA VIRUS DISEASES ARE RARELY, IF EVER, TRANSMITTED TO THE FETUS: EXPERIENCES WITH CORONAVIRUSES, HPIV, hMPV RSV, AND INFLUENZA.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Schwartz, David A", "Dhaliwal, Amareen"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338533", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the agent of COVID-19, is similar to two other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, in causing life-threatening maternal respiratory infections and systemic complications. Because of global concern for potential intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from pregnant women to their infants, this report analyzes the effects on pregnancy of infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory RNA viruses, and examines the frequency of maternal-fetal transmission with SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza (HPIV) and metapneumovirus (hMPV). There have been no confirmed cases of intrauterine transmission reported with COVID-19 or any other coronavirus infections. Influenza virus, despite causing approximately one billion annual infections globally, has only a few cases of confirmed or suspected intrauterine fetal infections reported. RSV is in an unusual cause of illness among pregnant women, and with the exception of one premature infant with congenital pneumonia, no other cases of maternal-fetal infection are described. Parainfluenza virus and human metapneumovirus can produce symptomatic maternal infections but do not cause intrauterine fetal infection. In summary, it appears that the absence thus far of maternal-fetal transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the COVID-19 pandemic is similar to other coronaviruses, and is also consistent with the extreme rarity of suggested or confirmed cases of intrauterine transmission of other respiratory RNA viruses. This observation has important consequences for pregnant women as it appears that if intrauterine transmission of SARSCoV-2 does eventually occur, it will be a rare event. Potential mechanisms of fetal protection from maternal viral infections are also discussed."}, {"pmid": 32447099, "pmcid": "PMC7236680", "title": "COVID-19, quarantine, and atopic dermatitis.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Patruno, Cataldo", "Nistico, Steven Paul", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Napolitano, Maddalena"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447099", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456735, "pmcid": "PMC7272696", "title": "Mental health impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Spanish healthcare workers.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Garcia-Fernandez, Lorena", "Romero-Ferreiro, Veronica", "Lopez-Roldan, Pedro David", "Padilla, Sergio", "Calero-Sierra, Irene", "Monzo-Garcia, Maria", "Perez-Martin, Jorge", "Rodriguez-Jimenez, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456735", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259190, "title": "What Other Countries Can Learn From Italy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Boccia, Stefania", "Ricciardi, Walter", "Ioannidis, John P A"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259190", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205306, "title": "Covid-19: European drugs agency to review safety of ibuprofen.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205306", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32165352, "title": "Video consultations for covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Greenhalgh, Trisha", "Wherton, Joe", "Shaw, Sara", "Morrison, Clare"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165352", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481594, "title": "Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Ammar, Achraf", "Brach, Michael", "Trabelsi, Khaled", "Chtourou, Hamdi", "Boukhris, Omar", "Masmoudi, Liwa", "Bouaziz, Bassem", "Bentlage, Ellen", "How, Daniella", "Ahmed, Mona", "Muller, Patrick", "Muller, Notger", "Aloui, Asma", "Hammouda, Omar", "Paineiras-Domingos, Laisa Liane", "Braakman-Jansen, Annemarie", "Wrede, Christian", "Bastoni, Sofia", "Pernambuco, Carlos Soares", "Mataruna, Leonardo", "Taheri, Morteza", "Irandoust, Khadijeh", "Khacharem, Aimen", "Bragazzi, Nicola L", "Chamari, Karim", "Glenn, Jordan M", "Bott, Nicholas T", "Gargouri, Faiez", "Chaari, Lotfi", "Batatia, Hadj", "Ali, Gamal Mohamed", "Abdelkarim, Osama", "Jarraya, Mohamed", "Abed, Kais El", "Souissi, Nizar", "Van Gemert-Pijnen, Lisette", "Riemann, Bryan L", "Riemann, Laurel", "Moalla, Wassim", "Gomez-Raja, Jonathan", "Epstein, Monique", "Sanderman, Robbert", "Schulz, Sebastian Vw", "Jerg, Achim", "Al-Horani, Ramzi", "Mansi, Taiysir", "Jmail, Mohamed", "Barbosa, Fernando", "Ferreira-Santos, Fernando", "Simunic, Bostjan", "Pisot, Rado", "Gaggioli, Andrea", "Bailey, Stephen J", "Steinacker, Jurgen M", "Driss, Tarak", "Hoekelmann, Anita"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481594", "countries": ["France", "Slovenia", "Portugal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on health behaviours and lifestyles at home is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020, in seven languages, to elucidate the behavioural and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the results from the first thousand responders on physical activity (PA) and nutrition behaviours. Following a structured review of the literature, the \"Effects of home Confinement on multiple Lifestyle Behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak (ECLB-COVID19)\" Electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists and academics. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online survey platform. Thirty-five research organisations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia and the Americas promoted the survey in English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese and Slovenian languages. Questions were presented in a differential format, with questions related to responses \"before\" and \"during\" confinement conditions. 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%) were included in the analysis. The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on all PA intensity levels (vigorous, moderate, walking and overall). Additionally, daily sitting time increased from 5 to 8 h per day. Food consumption and meal patterns (the type of food, eating out of control, snacks between meals, number of main meals) were more unhealthy during confinement, with only alcohol binge drinking decreasing significantly. While isolation is a necessary measure to protect public health, results indicate that it alters physical activity and eating behaviours in a health compromising direction. A more detailed analysis of survey data will allow for a segregation of these responses in different age groups, countries and other subgroups, which will help develop interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviours that have manifested during the COVID-19 confinement."}, {"pmid": 32499218, "title": "Persistence of viral RNA in stool samples from patients recovering from covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499218", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459175, "pmcid": "PMC7253171", "title": "Struggling to get started.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Tay, Andy"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459175", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world attempts to cope with the devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers about to start PhDs and postdocs face particular challenges."}, {"pmid": 32395864, "pmcid": "PMC7273061", "title": "Can the 2019 novel coronavirus cause Parkinson's disease?", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Abderrahmane, Achbani", "Hasnaa, Sine", "Aziz, Naciri", "Amine, Baba Mohamed", "Ahmed, Kharbach", "Youssef, Bouchriti", "Nejmeddine, Mohamed"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395864", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501420, "pmcid": "PMC7245330", "title": "Syndemic frameworks to understand the effects of COVID-19 on commercial driver stress, health, and safety.", "journal": "J Transp Health", "authors": ["Lemke, Michael Kenneth", "Apostolopoulos, Yorghos", "Sonmez, Sevil"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501420", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "U.S. commercial drivers are entrenched in a stressogenic profession, and exposures to endemic chronic stressors shape drivers' behavioral and psychosocial responses and induce profound health and safety disparities. To gain a complete understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic will affect commercial driver stress, health, and safety over time, and to mitigate these impacts, research and prevention efforts must be grounded in theoretical perspectives that contextualize these impacts within the chronic stressors already endemic to profession, the historical and ongoing forces that have induced them, and the potentially reinforcing nature of the resulting afflictions. Extant literature reveals how an array of macro-level changes has shaped downstream trucking industry policies, resulting in stressogenic work organization and workplace characteristics. Emerging evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates existing stressors and introduces novel stressors, with potentially exacerbatory impacts on health and safety disparities. As COVID-19 exerts an array of multi-level stressors on commercial drivers, syndemic frameworks can provide the appropriate theoretical lens to guide research and prevention. Syndemic frameworks can provide the grounding to allow foregoing commercial driver COVID-19 research to transcend the limitations of prevailing research frameworks by contextualizing COVID-19 stressors holistically within the complex system of endemic chronic stressors and interrelated health and safety afflictions. Syndemic-informed prevention efforts can then be implemented that simultaneously tackle multiple afflictions and the macro-level forces that result in the emergence of commercial drivers' health and safety disparities over time. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial drivers cannot be adequately understood or acted upon in isolation from the endemic chronic stressors and interrelated health and safety disparities that characterize the profession. Instead, commercial driver COVID-19 research and prevention needs syndemic frameworks to holistically understand the impacts of COVID-19 on commercial driver stress, health, and safety, and to identify high-leverage preventive actions."}, {"pmid": 32371465, "title": "Covid-19: adverse mental health outcomes for healthcare workers.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Gold, Jessica A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371465", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361706, "title": "Mental health framework: coronavirus pandemic in post-Katrina New Orleans.", "journal": "J Inj Violence Res", "authors": ["Shervington, Denese O", "Richardson, Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361706", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction defines disaster risk as the \"likelihood of loss of life, injury or destruction and damage from a disaster in a given period, and a product of the complex interactions that generate conditions of exposure, vulnerability and hazard\". Racial and ethnic minorities in the United States have been shown to have increased vulnerability and risk to disasters due to links between racism, vulnerability, and economic power, based on disadvantage related to different disaster stages: 1) reduced perception of personal disaster risk; 2) lack of preparedness; 3) reduced access and response to warning systems; 4) increased physical impacts due to substandard housing; 5) likelihood of poorer psychological outcomes; 6) cultural insensitivity on the part of emergency workers; 7) marginalization, lower socio-economic status, and less familiarity with support resources leading to protracted recovery; and 8) diminished standard of living, job loss, and exacerbated poverty during reconstruction and community rebuilding. Moreover, given that psychiatric morbidity is predictable in populations exposed to disasters, mental health and psychosocial support programs should increasingly become a standard part of a humanitarian response. In the crisis and immediate recovery phase of disasters, the focus should be on making survivors feel safe and giving them assistance in decreasing their anxiety by addressing their basic needs and welfare. So, it is critical that governmental institutions, business, and non-profit organizations proactively find mechanisms to work collaboratively and share resources. Special attention and extra resources must be directed towards vulnerable and marginalized populations. In this editorial we share lessons learned from experiencing disproportionate impact of health crisis and advocate for the notion that recovery efforts must address trauma at individual, interpersonal and community levels, and be based in a healing justice framework."}, {"pmid": 32396220, "pmcid": "PMC7273062", "title": "Unequal Distribution of COVID-19 Risk among Rural Residents by Race and Ethnicity.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Henning-Smith, Carrie", "Tuttle, Mariana", "Kozhimannil, Katy B"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396220", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389891, "pmcid": "PMC7199000", "title": "Making Waves: Coronavirus detection, presence and persistence in the water environment: State of the art and knowledge needs for public health.", "journal": "Water Res", "authors": ["Carducci, Annalaura", "Federigi, Ileana", "Liu, Dasheng", "Thompson, Julian R", "Verani, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389891", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The main route of transmission of the human coronaviruses (HCoVs), and presumably also of the new pandemic SARS-CoV-2, is via droplets and close contacts, however their fecal elimination also suggests the possible spread via water. A scientific literature search was thus carried out to highlight the current state of the art and knowledge gaps regarding coronavirus in water. Since 1978 only 22 studies have met the inclusion criteria, and considered heterogeneous purposes, detection methods and types of water. In\u00a0vitro experiments have addressed the recovery efficiency of analytical methods, survival in different types of water and the removal efficiency of water treatments. Field studies have monitored coronaviruses in surface waters, sewage, slurry, and biosolids. Overall, at the lab scale, HCoVs or surrogates can survive for several days at 4\u00a0\u00b0C, however their persistence is lower compared with non-enveloped viruses and is strongly influenced by temperature and organic or microbial pollution. HCoVs have rarely been detected in field investigations, however may be due to the low recovery efficiency of the analytical methods. The scarcity of information on HCoV in the environment suggests that research is needed to understand the fate of these viruses in the water cycle."}, {"pmid": 32304970, "pmcid": "PMC7195029", "title": "Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment (PPE) arising from Coronavirus disease (COVID19) pandemic - Case study from the Republic of Ireland.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Rowan, Neil J", "Laffey, John G"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304970", "countries": ["United States", "Ireland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) is highly infectious agent that causes fatal respiratory illnesses, which is of great global public health concern. Currently, there is no effective vaccine for tackling this COVID19 pandemic where disease countermeasures rely upon preventing or slowing person-to-person transmission. Specifically, there is increasing efforts to prevent or reduce transmission to front-line healthcare workers (HCW). However, there is growing international concern regarding the shortage in supply chain of critical one-time-use personal and protective equipment (PPE). PPE are heat sensitive and are not, by their manufacturer's design, intended for reprocessing. Most conventional sterilization technologies used in hospitals, or in terminal medical device sterilization providers, cannot effectively reprocess PPE due to the nature and severity of sterilization modalities. Contingency planning for PPE stock shortage is important. Solutions in the Republic of Ireland include use of smart communication channels to improve supply chain, bespoke production of PPE to meets gaps, along with least preferred option, use of sterilization or high-level disinfection for PPE reprocessing. Reprocessing PPE must consider material composition, functionality post treatment, along with appropriate disinfection. Following original manufacturer of PPE and regulatory guidance is important. Technologies deployed in the US, and for deployment in the Republic of Ireland, are eco-friendly, namely vaporised hydrogen peroxide (VH2O2), such as for filtering facepiece respirators and UV irradiation and High-level liquid disinfection (Actichlor+) is also been pursed in Ireland. Safeguarding supply chain of PPE will sustain vital healthcare provision and will help reduce mortality."}, {"pmid": 32471692, "pmcid": "PMC7192117", "title": "The Role of Lung Ultrasound in the Assessment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Zhang, Zhongheng", "Ren, Binbin", "Fan, Haozhe", "Chen, Kun", "Chen, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471692", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439751, "title": "Ethical road map through the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Fritz, Zoe", "Huxtable, Richard", "Ives, Jonathan", "Paton, Alexis", "Slowther, Anne Marie", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439751", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496241, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine as prophylaxis or treatment for COVID-19: What does the evidence say?", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Nina, Praveen Balabaskaran", "Dash, Aditya Prasad"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496241", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial has been proposed as possible treatment for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). India has approved the use of HCQ for prophylaxis of asymptomatic health workers treating suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases, and asymptomatic household contacts of confirmed patients. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued Emergency Use Authorization for the use of HCQ to treat COVID-19 in adolescents and adults. In this review, we go over the available evidence for and against HCQ's use as prophylaxis or treatment for COVID-19, especially in the Indian context."}, {"pmid": 32471896, "title": "Response to: 'Case series of acute arthritis in COVID-19 admission' by Lopez-Gonzalez et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Graef, Elizabeth R", "Liew, Jean W", "Kim, Alfred Hj", "Sparks, Jeffrey A"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471896", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374013, "title": "Faced with 2019-nCoV outbreak, we have learned our lessons from SARS of 2003.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Feng, Z-H", "Zhou, M-Y", "Ji, G-H", "Ye, L", "Cheng, Y-R", "Wang, M-W", "Chen, J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374013", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425314, "pmcid": "PMC7233249", "title": "Future for coronavirus disease 2019: India.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Roy, Manas Pratim"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425314", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354694, "pmcid": "PMC7165287", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic, personal reflections on editorial responsibility.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Tandon, Rajiv"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354694", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312568, "pmcid": "PMC7131295", "title": "Experience and suggestion of medical practices for burns during the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Burns", "authors": ["Ma, Siyuan", "Yuan, Zhiqiang", "Peng, Yizhi", "Chen, Jing", "Li, Haisheng", "Luo, Qizhi", "Song, Huapei", "Xiang, Fei", "Tan, Jianglin", "Zhou, Junyi", "Ning, Li", "Hu, Gaozhong", "Luo, Gaoxing"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312568", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is spreading almost all over the world at present, which is caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). It was an epidemic firstly in Hubei province of China. The Chinese government has formally set COVID-19 in the statutory notification and control system for infectious diseases according to the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. China currently is still struggling to respond to COVID-19 though intensive actions with progress made. The Burn Department of our hospital is one of sections with the highest infectious risk of COVID-19. Based on our own experience and the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (7th Version) with other regulations and literature, we describe our experience with suggestions for medical practices for burn units during the COVID-19 outbreak. We hope these experiences and suggestions benefit our international colleagues during the pandemic of the COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32406114, "pmcid": "PMC7272902", "title": "Psychological effects of COVID-19 on parenting and maternal-fetal mental health.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Halvorsen, Elizabeth", "Stamu-O'Brien, Caroline", "Carniciu, Simona", "Jafferany, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406114", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378747, "pmcid": "PMC7267621", "title": "Symmetric cutaneous vasculitis in COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Castelnovo, L", "Capelli, F", "Tamburello, A", "Faggioli, P M", "Mazzone, A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378747", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466834, "pmcid": "PMC7247799", "title": "Challenge for Rehabilitation After Hospitalization for COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Rivera-Lillo, Gonzalo", "Torres-Castro, Rodrigo", "Fregonezi, Guilherme", "Vilaro, Jordi", "Puppo, Homero"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466834", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324454, "title": "Healthcare regulators' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Glasper, Alan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324454", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses how the Care Quality Commission and the Nursing and Midwifery Council are working during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32474918, "title": "An open label cluster randomized controlled trial of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine or only supportive care in patients admitted with moderate to severe COVID-19 (ARCHAIC) - Protocol publication.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Weehuizen, J M", "Hoepelman, A I M"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474918", "countries": ["China", "Netherlands"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were both employed in the treatment of COVID-19 in China. Based on unpublished anecdotal positive results in China, CQ is now implemented in China and the Netherlands in moderate to severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32491199, "title": "Feasibility of a Pilot Program for COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Collection in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Li, Ling", "Yang, Ru", "Wang, Jue", "Lv, Qilu", "Ren, Ming", "Zhao, Lei", "Chen, Hanwei", "Xu, Haixia", "Xie, Songli", "Xie, Jin", "Lin, Hui", "Li, Wenjuan", "Fang, Peng", "Gong, Li", "Gao, Xinqiang", "Wang, Lan", "Wu, Yanyun", "Liu, Zhong"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491199", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus has caused an international outbreak. Currently, there are no specific therapeutic agents for coronavirus infections. Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy is a potentially effective treatment option. Patients who had recovered from COVID-19 and had been discharged from the hospital for more than two weeks were recruited. COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP)-specific donor screening and selection were performed based the following criteria: 1) aged 18-55\u2009years; 2) eligible for blood donation; 3) diagnosed with COVID-19; 4) had two consecutive negative COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab tests based on PCR (at least 24 h apart) prior to hospital discharge; 5) had been discharged from the hospital for more than 2\u2009weeks; and 6) had no COVID-19 symptoms prior to convalescent plasma donation. In addition, preference was given to CCP donors who had a fever lasting more than 3\u2009days or a body temperature exceeding 38.5 Celsius, and 4\u2009weeks after the onset of symptoms. CCP collection was performed using routine plasma collection procedures via plasmapheresis. In addition to routine donor testing, the CCP donors' plasma was also tested for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and S-RBD-specific IgG antibody. Of the 81 potential CCP donors, 64 (79%) plasma products were collected. There were 18 female donors and 46 male donors. There were 34 first-time blood donors and 30 repeat donors. The average time between CCP collection and initial symptom onset was 49.1\u2009days, and the average time between CCP collection and hospital discharge was 38.7\u2009days. The average volume of CCP collected was 327.7 ml. All Alanine transaminase ( ALT ) testing results met blood donation requirements. HIV Ag/Ab, anti-HCV, anti-syphilis and HBsAg were all negative; NAT for HIV, HBV, and HCV were also negative. In addition, all of the CCP donors' plasma units were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Of the total 64 CCP donors tested, only one had an S-RBD-specific IgG titer of 1:160, all others had a titer of \u22651:320. Based on a feasibility study of a pilot CCP program in Wuhan China, we demonstrated the success and feasibility of CCP collection. In addition, all of the CCP units collected had a titer of \u2265\u20091:160 for S-RBD-specific IgG antibody, which met the CCP quality control requirements based on the Chinese national guidelines for CCP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32369634, "pmcid": "PMC7267536", "title": "Guidelines for the management of diabetes in care homes during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Sinclair, Alan", "Dhatariya, Ketan", "Burr, Olivia", "Nagi, Dinesh", "Higgins, Kath", "Hopkins, David", "Patel, Mayank", "Kar, Partha", "Gooday, Catherine", "Howarth, Dan", "Abdelhafiz, Ahmed", "Newland-Jones, Philip", "O'Neill, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369634", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The National Diabetes Stakeholders Covid-19 Response Group was formed in early April 2020 as a rapid action by the Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care, Diabetes UK, the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists, and Diabetes Frail to address and support the special needs of residents with diabetes in UK care homes during Covid-19. It was becoming obvious that the care home sector was becoming a second wave of Covid-19 infection and that those with diabetes residing in care homes were at increased risk not only of susceptibility to infection but also to poorer outcomes. Its key purposes included minimising the morbidity and mortality associated with Covid-19 and assisting care staff to identify those residents with diabetes at highest risk of Covid-19 infection. The guidance was particularly created for care home managers, other care home staff, and specialist and non-specialist community nursing teams. The guidance covers the management of hyperglycaemia by discussion of various clinical scenarios that could arise, the management of hypoglycaemia, foot care and end of life care. In addition, it outlines the conditions where hospital admission is required. The guidance should be regarded as interim and will be updated as further medical and scientific evidence becomes available."}, {"pmid": 32303336, "pmcid": "PMC7141454", "title": "Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery for performing tracheotomies in patients infected by the coronavirus, Covid-19.", "journal": "Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp", "authors": ["Diaz de Cerio Canduela, Pedro", "Ferrandis Pereperez, Eduardo", "Parente Arias, Pablo", "Lopez Alvarez, Fernando", "Sistiaga Suarez, Jon Alexander"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic is causing an increase in the number of patients who, due to their pulmonary ventilatory status, may require orotracheal intubation. COVID-19 infection has demonstrated a high rate of transmissibility, especially via the respiratory tract and by droplet spread. The Spanish Society of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, based on the article by Wei et al. of 2003 regarding tracheotomies performed due to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), has made a series of recommendations for the safe performance of tracheotomies."}, {"pmid": 32307095, "pmcid": "PMC7163184", "title": "Response to COVID-19 by the surgical community.", "journal": "Surgery", "authors": ["Elster, Eric", "Potter, Benjamin K", "Chung, Kevin"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307095", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521064, "title": "Psychotherapists' preferences for television and movies during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Psychol", "authors": ["Farber, Barry A", "Ort, Daisy", "Mayopolous, Gus"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521064", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study investigated psychotherapists' media use since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 186 psychotherapists completed a 15-item self-report survey on the movies and TV shows they had watched, and the reasons for their choices, since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicated therapists primarily watched material they described as comedic, distracting, thought-provoking, and psychologically engaging. In addition, they reported choosing media that appealed to their spouses and/or children. It is theorized that therapists' media selections are reinforcing their regulatory flexibility, allowing them to grapple with the harsh reality of the pandemic while simultaneously providing themselves emotional safety and relief in the form of distancing and distraction."}, {"pmid": 32401711, "pmcid": "PMC7211498", "title": "Evidence mounts on the disproportionate effect of COVID-19 on ethnic minorities.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Kirby, Tony"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401711", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229705, "pmcid": "PMC7202545", "title": "Geroprotective and senoremediative strategies to reduce the comorbidity, infection rates, severity, and lethality in gerophilic and gerolavic infections.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Zhavoronkov, Alex"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229705", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recently identified SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the age-associated vulnerability in the burden of disease and put aging research in the spotlight. The limited data available indicates that COVID-19 should be referred to as a gerolavic (from Greek, g\u00e9ros \"old man\" and epilav\u00eds, \"harmful\") infection because the infection rates, severity, and lethality are substantially higher in the population aged 60 and older. This is primarily due to comorbidity but may be partially due to immunosenescence, decreased immune function in the elderly, and general loss of function, fitness, and increased frailty associated with aging. Immunosenescence is a major factor affecting vaccination response, as well as the severity and lethality of infectious diseases. While vaccination reduces infection rates, and therapeutic interventions reduce the severity and lethality of infections, these interventions have limitations. Previous studies showed that postulated geroprotectors, such as sirolimus (rapamycin) and its close derivative rapalog everolimus (RAD001), decreased infection rates in a small sample of elderly patients. This article presents a review of the limited literature available on geroprotective and senoremediative interventions that may be investigated to decrease the disease burden of gerolavic infections. This article also highlights a need for rigorous clinical validation of deep aging clocks as surrogate markers of biological age. These could be used to assess the need for, and efficacy of, geroprotective and senoremediative interventions and provide better protection for elderly populations from gerolavic infections. This article does not represent medical advice and the medications described are not yet licensed or recommended as immune system boosters, as they have not undergone clinical evaluation for this purpose."}, {"pmid": 32437918, "pmcid": "PMC7211655", "title": "Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Treated with Endovascular Repair in a Patient with Active COVID-19 Infection during the Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Shih, Michael", "Swearingen, Bruce", "Rhee, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437918", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a patient who presented with acute abdominal pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. His work-up revealed rupture of a 5.8\u00a0cm abdominal aortic aneurysm. He also had fever, cough, and shortness of breath and radiologic evidence of COVID-19 infection. After careful consideration, he underwent successful endovascular repair under local anesthesia with good short-term results."}, {"pmid": 32061066, "title": "[Clinical features of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in the early stage from a fever clinic in Beijing].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, M Q", "Wang, X H", "Chen, Y L", "Zhao, K L", "Cai, Y Q", "An, C L", "Lin, M G", "Mu, X D"], "date": "2020-02-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061066", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To summarize and analyze the clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in the early stage in Beijing. Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical and imaging data of 9 patients with 2019 novel coronavirus infection diagnosed in one fever clinicic in Beijing from January 18, 2020 to February 3, 2020. Results: 5 male and 4 female was included in those 9 patients, whose median age was 36 years, and the age range from 15 to 49 years. 8 of these patients had no underlying disease and one suffered from diabetes. 7 patients had a history of travel to Wuhan City or Hubei Province, and one patient was a medical staff. Two family clustered was found. The incubation period was 1 to 6 days. The clinical manifestations were fever in 8 cases (8/9) , dry cough in 5 cases (5/9) , pharyngalgia in 4 cases (4/9) , fatigue in 4 cases (4/9) , body soreness in 4 cases (4/9) , and blocked or watery nose in 1 case (1/9) . Six patients (6/9) had abnormal cell peripheral blood, of which 3 (3/9) had an increased monocyte count, 2 (2/9) had a reduced lymphocyte , and 1 (1/9) had an increased leukocyte count, while the 3 patients had normal cell blood routines. The median of CRP was 16.3 mg/L, including 5 patients with slightly elevated (5/9) , 4 patients with normal values (4/9) . the results of procalcitonin test were negative in5 patients. Three patients were examined by chest X-ray examination, one of which was normal, one case showed infiltrates of right upper lung, and another showed in right lower lung. All patients underwent chest HRCT. And 7 cases (7/9) showed multiple ground glass exudation, including 5 cases (5/7) involved bilateral lungs, 2 cases (2/7) involved unilateral lung, 3 cases (3/7) with patchy consolidation, and 2 cases (2/9) showed no abnormality. Conclusions: The patents with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in this study generally have an epidemiological history. The clinical manifestations are fever and cough. Peripheral white blood cell counts were most normal And PCT were all negative. Chest HRCT manifested as multiple ground-glass opacities with partly consolidation. Some patients had normal chest radiographs but HRCT showed pneumonia. Some patients had no pneumonia on chest HRCT."}, {"pmid": 32310921, "title": "[Being a cardiologist at the time of SARS-COVID-19: is it time to reconsider our way of working?]", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Tarantini, Luigi", "Navazio, Alessandro", "Cioffi, Giovanni", "Turiano, Giovanni", "Colivicchi, Furio", "Gabrielli, Domenico"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310921", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-COVID-19 pandemic is bringing to light significant issues that require deliberations on how to manage patients at high cardiovascular risk or with proven heart disease. The evidence that the hospital can be a place where one might contract the infection and spread the disease has drastically reduced non-COVID-19 accesses to emergency rooms (ER) and to elective non-COVID-19 hospital activities. If this, on one hand, results in reducing improper access to the ER and hospital, on the other hand it substantiates the risk of underestimating problems not connected to COVID-19, such as an increased delay in the diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular emergencies. In addition, the need to reorganize hospital activities to treat patients suffering from serious COVID-19 disease forms forces us to reflect on how to safely manage patients who stay at home with milder COVID-19 disease forms and the need to keep the most vulnerable subjects, such as patients with chronic heart failure, away from the hospital. The problem is furtherly amplified by the uncertain trend of the epidemic, by the duration of forced isolation and limited mobility measures and by the inadequate integration between hospital and territory, especially in high-risk areas such as residences for the elderly or in socially and economically fragile environments. Our opinion is that a syndemic approach, which considers the complex interplay between social, economic, environmental and clinical problems, can be the most appropriate and achieved by means the contribution of telemedicine and telecardiology, intended as integration and not as an alternative to traditional management. A flexible use of telematic tools, now available for teleconsultation, and/or remote monitoring adapted to the needs of clinical, family and social-health contexts could allow the creation of integrated and personalized management programs that are effective and efficient for the care of patients."}, {"pmid": 32356573, "pmcid": "PMC7267378", "title": "COVID-19: implementing sustainable low cost physical distancing and enhanced hygiene.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Dalton, Craig B", "Corbett, Stephen J", "Katelaris, Anthea L"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356573", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496097, "title": "Will there be a silver lining in the end? Lessons from and reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong and beyond.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Cheng, Sheung-Tak"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496097", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article provides an analysis of the psychological and moral transformations as people confront the risk of infection, using Hong Kong as a case example. In the face of an unfamiliar threat, the need for uncertainty reduction gives rise to hasty, uncritical, and oversimplified assumptions about risk reduction, while prejudice against people and nations who do not share similar practices, as well as those symptomatic or at risk of catching the virus, ensue. The pandemic is eroding basic human decency and our compassion for one another while the human race battles a common threat to our destiny. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32335405, "pmcid": "PMC7167225", "title": "COVID-19 transmission in Mainland China is associated with temperature and humidity: A time-series analysis.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Qi, Hongchao", "Xiao, Shuang", "Shi, Runye", "Ward, Michael P", "Chen, Yue", "Tu, Wei", "Su, Qing", "Wang, Wenge", "Wang, Xinyi", "Zhang, Zhijie"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335405", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become a pandemic. The influence of meteorological factors on the transmission and spread of COVID-19 is of interest. This study sought to examine the associations of daily average temperature (AT) and relative humidity (ARH) with the daily counts of COVID-19 cases in 30 Chinese provinces (in Hubei from December 1, 2019 to February 11, 2020 and in other provinces from January 20, 2020 to Februarys 11, 2020). A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was fitted to quantify the province-specific associations between meteorological variables and the daily cases of COVID-19 during the study periods. In the model, the 14-day exponential moving averages (EMAs) of AT and ARH, and their interaction were included with time trend and health-seeking behavior adjusted. Their spatial distributions were visualized. AT and ARH showed significantly negative associations with COVID-19 with a significant interaction between them (0.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.004-0.07) in Hubei. Every 1\u00a0\u00b0C increase in the AT led to a decrease in the daily confirmed cases by 36% to 57% when ARH was in the range from 67% to 85.5%. Every 1% increase in ARH led to a decrease in the daily confirmed cases by 11% to 22% when AT was in the range from 5.04\u00a0\u00b0C to 8.2\u00a0\u00b0C. However, these associations were not consistent throughout Mainland China."}, {"pmid": 32478853, "title": "Perspectives COVID-19 and PPE in context: an interview with China.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Harvey, Jessica"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478853", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The author aims to depict the current COVID-19 pandemic and personal protective equipment (PPE) crisis in the UK. The current situation is put into context exploring the history of global outbreaks of infectious disease and what has been learnt. These lessons are then applied and weighed against the recent response to coronavirus. An in depth interview with a UK biomedical SME based in Shanghai, China is reported in order to inform future procurement of PPE. It is hoped that an appreciation of the dynamic nature of the market will allow adaptations to be made in order to secure reliable supply chains moving forwards."}, {"pmid": 32130038, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Role of Chest CT in Diagnosis and Management.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Li, Yan", "Xia, Liming"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32130038", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to determine the misdiagnosis rate of radiologists for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and evaluate the performance of chest CT in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19. The CT features of COVID-19 are reported and compared with the CT features of other viruses to familiarize radiologists with possible CT patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study included the first 51 patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection confirmed by nucleic acid testing (23 women and 28 men; age range, 26-83 years) and two patients with adenovirus (one woman and one man; ages, 58 and 66 years). We reviewed the clinical information, CT images, and corresponding image reports of these 53 patients. The CT images included images from 99 chest CT examinations, including initial and follow-up CT studies. We compared the image reports of the initial CT study with the laboratory test results and identified CT patterns suggestive of viral infection. RESULTS. COVID-19 was misdiagnosed as a common infection at the initial CT study in two inpatients with underlying disease and COVID-19. Viral pneumonia was correctly diagnosed at the initial CT study in the remaining 49 patients with COVID-19 and two patients with adenovirus. These patients were isolated and obtained treatment. Ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and consolidation with or without vascular enlargement, interlobular septal thickening, and air bronchogram sign are common CT features of COVID-19. The The \"reversed halo\" sign and pulmonary nodules with a halo sign are uncommon CT features. The CT findings of COVID-19 overlap with the CT findings of adenovirus infection. There are differences as well as similarities in the CT features of COVID-19 compared with those of the severe acute respiratory syndrome. CONCLUSION. We found that chest CT had a low rate of missed diagnosis of COVID-19 (3.9%, 2/51) and may be useful as a standard method for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 to optimize the management of patients. However, CT is still limited for identifying specific viruses and distinguishing between viruses."}, {"pmid": 32338180, "title": "The probability of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva.", "journal": "Stat Methods Med Res", "authors": ["Thompson, R N", "Cunniffe, N J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338180", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392335, "pmcid": "PMC7239218", "title": "Monologue of a physician who tested persistently positive for COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qu, Bing", "Yang, Jing"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392335", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464309, "pmcid": "PMC7237947", "title": "Type I interferons can be detected in respiratory swabs from SARS-Cov-2 infected patients.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Antonelli, Guido", "Turriziani, Ombretta", "Pierangeli, Alessandra", "d'Ettorre, Gabriella", "Galardo, Gioacchino", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Mastroianni, Claudio M", "Scagnolari, Carolina"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464309", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344369, "pmcid": "PMC7146672", "title": "Letter to the Editor in Response to article: \"Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 epidemic (Gupta et al.)\".", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Home, Philip"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344369", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442696, "pmcid": "PMC7235557", "title": "Cutaneous manifestations related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A prospective study from China and Italy.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["De Giorgi, Vincenzo", "Recalcati, Sebastiano", "Jia, Ziyi", "Chong, Wei", "Ding, Renyu", "Deng, Yunhua", "Scarfi, Federica", "Venturi, Federico", "Trane, Luciana", "Gori, Alessia", "Silvestri, Flavia", "Gao, Xing-Hua", "Lotti, Torello"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442696", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329517, "pmcid": "PMC7264632", "title": "COVID-19 diffusion capability is its worst, unpredictable chracateristic. How to visit a patient from a distance.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Sterpetti, A V"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329517", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388175, "pmcid": "PMC7151427", "title": "Analyze the psychological impact of COVID-19 among the elderly population in China and make corresponding suggestions.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Meng, Hui", "Xu, Yang", "Dai, Jiali", "Zhang, Yang", "Liu, Baogeng", "Yang, Haibo"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388175", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434836, "title": "Covid-19: are face masks a good long term strategy?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Cheng, Sheung-Tak"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434836", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348551, "pmcid": "PMC7267152", "title": "Response to: Optimizing Hydroxychloroquine Dosing for Patients With COVID-19: An Integrative Modeling Approach for Effective Drug Repurposing: Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology Input to SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics Should Be Based on Robust Data.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Standing, Joseph F"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348551", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427206, "pmcid": "PMC7229440", "title": "Rare and extreme events: the case of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nonlinear Dyn", "authors": ["Machado, J A Tenreiro", "Lopes, Antonio M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427206", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Complex systems have characteristics that give rise to the emergence of rare and extreme events. This paper addresses an example of such type of crisis, namely the spread of the new Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study deals with the statistical comparison and visualization of country-based real-data for the period December 31, 2019, up to April 12, 2020, and does not intend to address the medical treatment of the disease. Two distinct approaches are considered, the description of the number of infected people across time by means of heuristic models fitting the real-world data, and the comparison of countries based on hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling. The computational and mathematical modeling lead to the emergence of patterns, highlighting similarities and differences between the countries, pointing toward the main characteristics of the complex dynamics."}, {"pmid": 32369609, "title": "Thrombocytopenia as an initial manifestation of COVID-19; case series and literature review.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Ahmed, Maria Zahid", "Khakwani, Muhammad", "Venkatadasari, Indrani", "Horgan, Claire", "Giles, Hannah", "Jobanputra, Shailesh", "Lokare, Anand", "Ewing, Joanne", "Paneesha, Shankara", "Murthy, Vidhya"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369609", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415519, "pmcid": "PMC7225400", "title": "The Views of Medical Faculty Students in Turkey Concerning the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Community Health", "authors": ["Aker, Servet", "Midik, Ozlem"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415519", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to elicit the views of medical faculty students regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive study was performed with Ondokuz May\u0131s University Medical Faculty students on 24-27 March, 2020. The Medical Faculty currently has 2051 students. A questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. For that purpose, the authors designed a questionnaire specifically for this research via the \"Google Forms\" web. This consisted of 40 open- and close-ended questions. The questionnaire was completed by 1375 (67.1%) students. Accordingly, 52.4% of medical students reported feeling mentally unwell. Although 50.8% of medical students reported generally/usually obtaining information about COVID-19 through the social media, 82.0% did not trust information/messages arriving through the social media and WhatsApp. We found that 86.7% of students regarded frequent hand washing as the most important means of protection against COVID-19, and 19.3% of students did not regard the COVID-19 pandemic as a severe public health problem for Turkey at that moment. In addition, 61.6% of students stated that a suppression strategy involving tight restrictions need to be applied to being the pandemic under control in Turkey. Use can be made of medical students in the transmission of accurate information during the COVID-19 pandemic. Students can be excellent activists on these subjects in countries in which medical education is suspended. Measures therefore need to be taken concerning the transmission of up to date and accurate information to medical students."}, {"pmid": 32506118, "title": "Occurrence and Timing of Subsequent SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Positivity Among Initially Negative Patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Long, Dustin R", "Gombar, Saurabh", "Hogan, Catherine A", "Greninger, Alexander L", "Shah, Vikas O'Reilly", "Bryson-Cahn, Chloe", "Stevens, Bryan", "Rustagi, Arjun", "Jerome, Keith R", "Kong, Christina S", "Zehnder, James", "Shah, Nigam H", "Weiss, Noel S", "Pinsky, Benjamin A", "Sunshine, Jacob"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506118", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using data for 20,912 patients from two large academic health systems, we analyzed the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test-discordance among individuals initially testing negative by nasopharyngeal swab who were retested on clinical grounds within 7 days. The frequency of subsequent positivity within this window was 3.5% and similar across institutions."}, {"pmid": 32441830, "title": "Diversity of clinical appearance of cutaneous manifestations in the course of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Guarneri, C", "Venanzi Rullo, E", "Gallizzi, R", "Ceccarelli, M", "Cannavo, S P", "Nunnari, G"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441830", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has stricken more than 203,000 people in Italy up to 30th of April 2020, with over 27,000 died according to official estimates1 . While Italy was one of the most affected countries in Europe, the impact of the disease in the southern part of the state was less dramatic than in the north, due to some still not understood reasons. Particularly in Sicily, 'only' 3,140 cases have been recorded, of whom 533 encountered in the province of Messina."}, {"pmid": 32527762, "title": "Risks to Bangladeshi children and young people during covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rahman, Md Sazedur", "Lassi, Zohra S", "Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammad"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527762", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361836, "pmcid": "PMC7195609", "title": "CNS penetration of potential anti-COVID-19 drugs.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Richardson, Peter J", "Ottaviani, Silvia", "Prelle, Alessandro", "Stebbing, Justin", "Casalini, Giacomo", "Corbellino, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361836", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233057, "pmcid": "PMC7228206", "title": "Novel Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) in the immunocompromised transplant recipient: #Flatteningthecurve.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Fishman, Jay A", "Grossi, Paolo A"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233057", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491073, "title": "The Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Cardiovascular Diseases.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Askin, Lutfu", "Tanriverdi, Okan", "Askin, Husna Sengul"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491073", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting the world, seen in more than 1,300,000 patients. COVID-19 acts through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Cardiovascular comorbidities are more common with COVID-19, and nearly 10% of cases develop myocarditis (22% of critical patients). Further research is needed to continue or discontinue ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, which are essential in hypertension and heart failure in COVID-19. Intensive research is promising for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32120170, "pmcid": "PMC7133610", "title": "Psychological crisis interventions in Sichuan Province during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Zhou, Xiaobo"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32120170", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356460, "pmcid": "PMC7202358", "title": "Telemedicine for cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic: between threats and opportunities.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Elkaddoum, Ronaldo", "Haddad, Fady Gh", "Eid, Roland", "Kourie, Hampig Raphael"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353328, "pmcid": "PMC7185915", "title": "What policy makers need to know about COVID-19 protective immunity.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Altmann, Daniel M", "Douek, Daniel C", "Boyton, Rosemary J"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489189, "title": "CoViD-19 and stress in the pandemic: \"sanity is not statistical\".", "journal": "Riv Psichiatr", "authors": ["Biondi, Massimo", "Iannitelli, Angela"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489189", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "CoViD-19 pandemic is causing serious consequences on mental health, consequences that are considered that bad that World Health Organization has affirmed that mental health defence is priority in this particular moment of development of pandemic. In light of this alertness, what we are interested in approaching in this work, is the specific stress condition caused by pandemic, which underlies and precedes the described classification of diseases and which is going towards an increase in the entire world, including . The stress caused by pandemic is a new condition in comparison with what is known in clinical practice and with what is included in the classification of mental disorder. The ongoing stress condition and the mixture of different types of unconventional stress, which not only hits the present but also disrupts the future, create an entirely new form of clinical condition given by pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32501439, "pmcid": "PMC7251991", "title": "Remote shared care delivery: a virtual response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["Ramdas, Kamalini", "Ahmed, Faheem", "Darzi, Ara"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501439", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217507, "pmcid": "PMC7117090", "title": "Assessment of Health Information About COVID-19 Prevention on the Internet: Infodemiological Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Hernandez-Garcia, Ignacio", "Gimenez-Julvez, Teresa"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217507", "countries": ["United States", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The internet is a large source of health information and has the capacity to influence its users. However, the information found on the internet often lacks scientific rigor, as anyone may upload content. This factor is a cause of great concern to scientific societies, governments, and users. The objective of our study was to investigate the information about the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the internet. On February 29, 2020, we performed a Google search with the terms \"Prevention coronavirus,\" \"Prevention COVID-19,\" \"Prevenci\u00f3n coronavirus,\" and \"Prevenci\u00f3n COVID-19\". A univariate analysis was performed to study the association between the type of authorship, country of publication, and recommendations to avoid COVID-19 according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In total, 80 weblinks were reviewed. Most of them were produced in the United States and Spain (n=58, 73%) by digital media sources and official public health organizations (n=60, 75%). The most mentioned WHO preventive measure was \"wash your hands frequently\" (n=65, 81%). A less frequent recommendation was to \"stay home if you feel unwell\" (n=26, 33%). The analysis by type of author (official public health organizations versus digital media) revealed significant differences regarding the recommendation to wear a mask when you are healthy only if caring for a person with suspected COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] 4.39). According to the country of publication (Spain versus the United States), significant differences were detected regarding some recommendations such as \"wash your hands frequently\" (OR 9.82), \"cover your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or tissue when you cough or sneeze\" (OR 4.59), or \"stay home if you feel unwell\" (OR 0.31). It is necessary to urge and promote the use of the websites of official public health organizations when seeking information on COVID-19 preventive measures on the internet. In this way, users will be able to obtain high-quality information more frequently, and such websites may improve their accessibility and positioning, given that search engines justify the positioning of links obtained in a search based on the frequency of access to them."}, {"pmid": 32276799, "pmcid": "PMC7132492", "title": "Nutrition support in the time of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Nutrition", "authors": ["Laviano, Alessandro", "Koverech, Angela", "Zanetti, Michela"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276799", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32111656, "title": "Covid-19: school closures and bans on mass gatherings will need to be considered, says England's CMO.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Moberly, Tom"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32111656", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501850, "title": "Potential impact of COVID-19 in people living with HIV: experience from previous 21st century coronaviruses epidemics.", "journal": "AIDS", "authors": ["Dauby, Nicolas"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317716, "pmcid": "PMC7187142", "title": "The potential danger of suboptimal antibody responses in COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Iwasaki, Akiko", "Yang, Yexin"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317716", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32111262, "pmcid": "PMC7047374", "title": "A mathematical model for simulating the phase-based transmissibility of a novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Infect Dis Poverty", "authors": ["Chen, Tian-Mu", "Rui, Jia", "Wang, Qiu-Peng", "Zhao, Ze-Yu", "Cui, Jing-An", "Yin, Ling"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32111262", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As reported by the World Health Organization, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was identified as the causative virus of Wuhan pneumonia of unknown etiology by Chinese authorities on 7 January, 2020. The virus was named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses on 11 February, 2020. This study aimed to develop a mathematical model for calculating the transmissibility of the virus. In this study, we developed a Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People transmission network model for simulating the potential transmission from the infection source (probably be bats) to the human infection. Since the Bats-Hosts-Reservoir network was hard to explore clearly and public concerns were focusing on the transmission from Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market (reservoir) to people, we simplified the model as Reservoir-People (RP) transmission network model. The next generation matrix approach was adopted to calculate the basic reproduction number (R0) from the RP model to assess the transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2. The value of R0 was estimated of 2.30 from reservoir to person and 3.58 from person to person which means that the expected number of secondary infections that result from introducing a single infected individual into an otherwise susceptible population was 3.58. Our model showed that the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 was higher than the Middle East respiratory syndrome in the Middle East countries, similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome, but lower than MERS in the Republic of Korea."}, {"pmid": 32243269, "pmcid": "PMC7176263", "title": "Gastrointestinal and liver manifestations in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Lee, I-Cheng", "Huo, Teh-Ia", "Huang, Yi-Hsiang"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243269", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread over the world, the World Health Organization has declared the outbreak of COVID-19 an international public health emergency. Besides typical respiratory symptoms and signs of COVID-19, digestive symptoms and liver injury have been frequently reported during the course of the disease. In this review, we summarized the recent studies reporting of gastrointestinal and liver manifestations during the course of COVID-19. Digestive symptoms, including anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, are not uncommon in patients with COVID-19, and in some cases digestive symptoms may occur in the absence of any respiratory symptoms. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in the stool of infected patients, implicating the possibility of fecal-oral transmission. Attention should also be paid to monitor liver function during the course of COVID-19, especially in patients with higher disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32303734, "title": "Antibody tests suggest that coronavirus infections vastly exceed official counts.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303734", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503088, "title": "A systematic review of neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection: the devil is hidden in the details.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Romoli, Michele", "Jelcic, Ilijas", "Bernard-Valnet, Raphael", "Garcia Azorin, David", "Mancinelli, Luca", "Akhvlediani, Tamar", "Monaco, Salvatore", "Taba, Pille", "Sellner, Johann"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503088", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We systematically reviewed available evidence for reports of neurological signs and symptoms in Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 patients to identify cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or immune-mediated reaction in the nervous system. We followed PRISMA guidelines and used the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MedRxiv and ChinaXiv databases to search for papers on COVID-19 and nervous system involvement which were published from January 1st to April 24th 2020. Data on design, sample size, neurologic assessment and related work-up were extracted. Biases were assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. We analysed 27 publications on potential neuroinvasive or parainfectious neurological complications of COVID-19. The reports focused on smell and taste (n=5) and evaluation of neurological symptoms and signs in cohorts (n=5). There were cases of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome/Miller-Fisher syndrome/cranial neuropathy (7 cases), meningitis/encephalitis (9 cases) and various other conditions (5 cases). Patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination and in particular SARS-CoV-2 PCR was negligible. Amongst, two had a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR exam of CSF specimen. The study of potential parenchymal involvement with magnetic resonance imaging was rare. Only 4 reports received a rating for the highest quality standards. This systematic review failed to establish comprehensive insights to nervous system manifestations of COVID-19 beyond immune-mediated complications as aftermath of respiratory symptoms. The authors therefore provide guidance for more careful clinical, diagnostic and epidemiological studies to characterize the manifestations and burden of neurological disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 on behalf of the Infectious Disease Panel of the European Academy of Neurology."}, {"pmid": 32216863, "pmcid": "PMC7200846", "title": "Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Bo, Hai-Xin", "Li, Wen", "Yang, Yuan", "Wang, Yu", "Zhang, Qinge", "Cheung, Teris", "Wu, Xinjuan", "Xiang, Yu-Tao"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216863", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287789, "pmcid": "PMC7127807", "title": "What happens next?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287789", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus that emerged in Wuhan has exploded worldwide. What happens if it goes pandemic? Debora MacKenzie reports."}, {"pmid": 32431120, "title": "[THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF A PANDEMIC OUTBREAK ON MEDICAL STAFF - LITERATURE REVIEW].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Shelef, Leah", "Schiff, Miriam", "Zalsman, Gil"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431120", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared an international emergency due to the outbreak of COVID-19. In March 2020 the WHO announced that the epidemic could be characterized as a pandemic. Subsequently, the WHO acknowledged the importance of providing support to the medical teams, realizing the enormous burden and stress facing this group. The aim of the present study is to review the up-to-date professional literature dealing with the psychological impact of a pandemic outbreak on medical staff. The literature existing so-far is scarce. It does, however, provide evidence of the short- and long-term impact of such epidemics on the mental health of the medical teams. Direct exposure to affected patients, the risk of contagion, a subjectively negative perception of one's medical condition and being in isolation or quarantine, all constitute risk factors for mental symptoms such as depression, anxiety and post-trauma. A sense of control, especially regarding the means of protection and controlling infection, altruistic acceptance of the work-related risks, social support, good team-spirit in the medical unit and support from superiors are all protective factors."}, {"pmid": 32490895, "title": "Nursing to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Bras Enferm", "authors": ["Silva, Francisca Valda da"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490895", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419875, "pmcid": "PMC7225716", "title": "[Antibody tests for COVID-19: What the results tell us].", "journal": "Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes", "authors": ["Horvath, Karl", "Semlitsch, Thomas", "Jeitler, Klaus", "Krause, Robert", "Siebenhofer, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419875", "countries": ["Germany", "Austria"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the detection of virus-specific antibodies (AB) will play an increasing role. The presence or absence of such antibodies can potentially lead to considerations regarding immunity and infection. How reliable are inferences from positive or negative test results regarding the actual presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies? Calculation of the probability that, depending on the pretest probability (prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection) and test properties, antibodies are present or absent in the case of positive or negative test results. Sensitivity and specificity of different SARS-CoV-2 AB test systems vary between 53\u00a0% and 94\u00a0% and between 91\u00a0% and 99.5\u00a0%, respectively. When using a test with high test quality, the positive predictive value (PPV) is 42\u00a0% and 7\u00a09%, respectively, with a pre-test probability of 1\u00a0% to 5\u00a0%, as can currently be assumed for the general population in Austria or Germany. For persons with an increased pre-test probability of 20\u00a0%, e.\u00a0g. persons from high-risk professions, the PPW is 95\u00a0%, with a pre-test probability of 80\u00a0% the PPW is almost 100\u00a0%. The negative predictive value (NPV) is at least 99.7\u00a0% for persons with a low pre-test probability of up to 5\u00a0% and 79.1\u00a0% for persons with a pre-test probability of 80\u00a0%. When using test systems with lower sensitivity and specificity, the reliability of the results decreases considerably. The PPV is 5.9\u00a0% with a pre-test probability of 1\u00a0%. A sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity are prerequisites for the application of antibody test systems. Positive test results are often false if the pre-test probability is low. Depending on the assumed prevalence of a SARS-CoV-2 infection, there are substantial differences in the significance of a concrete test result for the respective affected persons."}, {"pmid": 32426099, "pmcid": "PMC7232927", "title": "Maintaining Treatment Integrity in the Face of Crisis: A Treatment Selection Model for Transitioning Direct ABA Services to Telehealth.", "journal": "Behav Anal Pract", "authors": ["Rodriguez, Kristine A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426099", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With health care funders' increasing approval of telehealth service as an emergency measure to provide continuity of care during the COVID-19 crisis, practicing behavior analysts have an unprecedented opportunity to demonstrate that essential, medically necessary behavior-analytic services can be provided via telehealth in a manner that maintains treatment integrity and produces meaningful client outcomes. This telehealth treatment selection guide was designed to assist practicing behavior analysts in determining an appropriate protocol for the delivery of 1:1 telehealth service (i.e., a behavior technician providing instruction directly to a client, with or without the assistance of the client's caregiver, through videoconferencing). This tool aims to help behavior analysts make thoughtful clinical decisions to maintain continuity of care for the vulnerable population with autism spectrum disorders, while adhering to safety measures that provide protection to society."}, {"pmid": 32506184, "title": "Wearable Technology and How This Can Be Implemented into Clinical Practice.", "journal": "Curr Allergy Asthma Rep", "authors": ["Greiwe, Justin", "Nyenhuis, Sharmilee M"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506184", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our day-to-day life is saturated with health data that was previously out of reach. Over the last decade, new devices and fitness technology companies are attempting to tap into this data, uncovering a treasure trove of useful information that, when applied correctly, has the potential to revolutionize the way we approach healthcare and chronic conditions like asthma, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. By harnessing exciting developments in personalization, digitization, wellness, and patient engagement, care providers can improve health outcomes for our patients in a way we have never been able to do in the past. While new technologies to capture individual health metrics are everywhere, how can we use this information to make a real difference in our patients' lives? Navigating the complicated landscape of personal wearable devices, asthma inhaler sensors, and exercise apps can be daunting to even the most tech savvy physician. This manuscript will give you the tools necessary to make lasting changes in your patients' lives by exposing them to a world of usable, affordable, and relatable health technology that resonates with their personal fitness and wellness goals. These tools will be even more important post-COVID-19, as the landscape of clinical outpatient care changes from mainly in-person visits to a greater reliance on telemedicine and remote monitoring."}, {"pmid": 32524743, "title": "Donor and Transplant Candidate Selection for Solid Organ Transplantation during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Galvan, N Thao N", "Moreno, Nicolas F", "Garza, Jay E", "Bourgeois, Susan", "Hemmersbach-Miller, Marion", "Murthy, Bhamidipati", "Timmins, Katherine", "O'Mahony, Christine A", "Anton, James", "Civitello, Andrew", "Garcha, Puneet", "Loor, Gabe", "Liao, Kenneth", "Shaffi, Alexis", "Vierling, John", "Stribling, Rise", "Rana, Abbas", "Goss, John Alan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524743", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus responsible for a worldwide pandemic has forced drastic changes in medical practice in an alarmingly short period of time. Caregivers must modify their strategies as well as optimize the utilization of resources to ensure public and patient safety. For organ transplantation, in particular, the loss of life-saving organs for transplantation could lead to increased waitlist mortality. The priority is to select uninfected donors to transplant uninfected recipients while maintaining safety for healthcare systems in the backdrop of a virulent pandemic. We do not yet have a standard approach to evaluating donors and recipients with possible SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our current communication shares a protocol for donor and transplant recipient selection during the COVID-19 pandemic to continue life-saving solid organ transplantation for heart, lung, liver and kidney recipients. The initial results using this protocol are presented here and meant to encourage dialogue between providers, offering ideas to improve safety in solid organ transplantation with limited health care resources. This protocol was created utilizing the guidelines of various organizations and from the clinical experience of the authors and will continue to evolve as more is understood about SARS-CoV-2 and how it affects organ donors and transplant recipients."}, {"pmid": 32205158, "pmcid": "PMC7118616", "title": "An integrated response to the impact of coronavirus outbreak on the Emergency Medical Services of Emilia Romagna.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Semeraro, Federico", "Gamberini, Lorenzo", "Tartaglione, Marco", "Mora, Fabio", "Dell'Arciprete, Oscar", "Cordenons, Fiorella", "Del Giudice, Donatella", "Picoco, Cosimo", "Gordini, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205158", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329520, "pmcid": "PMC7264618", "title": "Current pharmacological treatments for COVID-19: What's next?", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Scavone, Cristina", "Brusco, Simona", "Bertini, Michele", "Sportiello, Liberata", "Rafaniello, Concetta", "Zoccoli, Alice", "Berrino, Liberato", "Racagni, Giorgio", "Rossi, Francesco", "Capuano, Annalisa"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329520", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019 SARS-Cov-2 was found responsible for the disease COVID-19, which has spread worldwide. No specific therapies/vaccines are yet available for the treatment of COVID-19. Drug repositioning may offer a strategy and a number of drugs have been repurposed, including lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir and tocilizumab. This paper describes the main pharmacological properties of such drugs administered to patients with COVID-19, focusing on their antiviral, immune-modulatory and/or anti-inflammatory actions. Where available, data from clinical trials involving patients with COVID-19 are reported. Preliminary clinical trials seem to support their benefit. However, such drugs in COVID-19 patients have peculiar safety profiles. Thus, adequate clinical trials are necessary for these compounds. Nevertheless, while waiting for effective preventive measures i.e. vaccines, many clinical trials on drugs belonging to different therapeutic classes are currently underway. Their results will help us in defining the best way to treat COVID-19 and reducing its symptoms and complications."}, {"pmid": 32501114, "title": "Air Hunger and Psychological Trauma in Ventilated COVID-19 Patients: An Urgent Problem.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Worsham, Christopher M", "Banzett, Robert B", "Schwartzstein, Richard M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501114", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234116, "pmcid": "PMC7118345", "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Community Testing Team in Scotland: A 14-day review, 6 to 20 February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Mark, Kate", "Steel, Katie", "Stevenson, Janet", "Evans, Christine", "McCormick, Duncan", "Willocks, Lorna", "McCallum, Alison", "Jones, Laura", "Johannessen, Ingolfur", "Templeton, Kate", "Koch, Oliver", "Mackintosh, Claire"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234116", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the outbreak of COVID-19, we set up a team to carry out sampling in the community. This enabled individuals to remain in self-isolation in their own homes and to prevent healthcare settings and services from being overwhelmed by admissions for sampling of suspected cases. There is evidence that this is a cost effective, safe and necessary service to complement COVID-19 testing in hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32251638, "pmcid": "PMC7270794", "title": "Baricitinib for COVID-19: a suitable treatment?", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Favalli, Ennio G", "Biggioggero, Martina", "Maioli, Gabriella", "Caporali, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251638", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403172, "pmcid": "PMC7273033", "title": "The psychophysical impact that COVID-19 has on children must not be underestimated.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Pecoraro, Luca", "Dalle Carbonare, Luca", "De Franceschi, Lucia", "Piacentini, Giorgio", "Pietrobelli, Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403172", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404842, "title": "Covid-19 Pandemic: Looking after the Mental Health of our Healthcare Workers.", "journal": "J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Choudhury, Tawfiq", "Debski, Maciej", "Wiper, Andy", "Abdelrahman, Amr", "Wild, Sue", "Chalil, Shajil", "More, Ranjit", "Goode, Grahame", "Patel, Billal", "Abdelaziz, Hesham K"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404842", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399092, "pmcid": "PMC7217106", "title": "Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem - a UK perspective.", "journal": "Eur J Integr Med", "authors": ["Hu, Xiao-Yang", "Logue, Martin", "Robinson, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399092", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasingly we are reaching a situation where current antimicrobial medicines are no longer effective for common infections, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a global public health crisis. The reliance on antimicrobials such as antibiotics has become a major issue for both medicine and agriculture, particularly given the slow development of new medicines and pharmaceutical industry investment. The UK government has been working with other international bodies in the search for solutions to the many challenges AMR poses. Herbal medicines may provide a useful modality in the fight against AMR and can work solely or in tandem with current antimicrobial approaches. Recommendations for herbal medicine use during the COVID-19 outbreak have featured in Chinese national guidelines and policies, but UK strategies have no such guidance. More research is urgently needed to explore the biological plausibility and safety of herbal medicines to manage AMR. AMR is universal, affecting anyone and everyone, at any age and in any country. Investigating how such approaches can be integrated into western medicine will be important to elucidate."}, {"pmid": 32068600, "title": "Personal knowledge on novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Kang, Han-Yu-Jie", "Wang, Yi-Shan", "Tong, Zhao-Hui"], "date": "2020-02-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32068600", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439770, "title": "T cells found in coronavirus patients 'bode well' for long-term immunity.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Leslie, Mitch"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439770", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373463, "pmcid": "PMC7198410", "title": "Letter to the editor - Is it really COVID-19?", "journal": "HeartRhythm Case Rep", "authors": ["Betancor, Ivan Hernandez", "Orozco Garduno, Josue A", "Juarez Prera, Ruben A", "Ojeda, Francisco Bosa"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373463", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471558, "pmcid": "PMC7234953", "title": "Restructuring burns management during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Malaysian experience.", "journal": "Burns", "authors": ["Ilenghoven, Devananthan", "Hisham, Akmal", "Ibrahim, Salina", "Mohd Yussof, Shah Jumaat"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471558", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320641, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission Potential, Iran, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Muniz-Rodriguez, Kamalich", "Fung, Isaac Chun-Hai", "Ferdosi, Shayesteh R", "Ofori, Sylvia K", "Lee, Yiseul", "Tariq, Amna", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320641", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the transmission potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Iran in 2020, we estimated the reproduction number as 4.4 (95% CI 3.9-4.9) by using a generalized growth model and 3.5 (95% CI 1.3-8.1) by using epidemic doubling time. The reproduction number decreased to 1.55 after social distancing interventions were implemented."}, {"pmid": 32380368, "pmcid": "PMC7252142", "title": "Risk of the Brazilian health care system over 5572 municipalities to exceed health care capacity due to the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Requia, Weeberb J", "Kondo, Edson Kenji", "Adams, Matthew D", "Gold, Diane R", "Struchiner, Claudio Jose"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380368", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has challenged governments to develop public policies to reduce the load of the COVID-19 on health care systems, which is commonly referred to as \"flattening the curve\". This study aims to address this issue by proposing a spatial multicriteria approach to estimate the risk of the Brazilian health care system, by municipality, to exceed the health care capacity because of an influx of patients infected with the COVID-19. We estimated this risk for 5572 municipalities in Brazil using a combination of a multicriteria decision-making approach with spatial analysis to estimate the exceedance risk, and then, we examined the risk variation by designing 5 control intervention scenarios (3 scenarios representing reduction on social contacts, and 2 scenarios representing investment on health care system). For the baseline scenario using an average infection rate across Brazil, we estimated a mean Hospital Bed Capacity (HBC) value of -16.73, indicating that, on average, the Brazilian municipalities will have a deficit of approximately 17 beds. This deficit is projected to occur in 3338 municipalities with the north and northeast regions being at the greatest risk of exceeding health care capacity due to the COVID-19. The intervention scenarios indicate across all of Brazil that they could address the bed shortage, with an average of available beds between 23 and 32. However, when we consider the shortages at a municipal scale, bed exceedances still occur for at least 2119 municipalities in the most effective intervention scenario. Our findings are essential to identify priority areas, to compare populations, and to provide options for government agencies to act. This study can be used to provide support for the creation of effective health public policies for national, regional, and local intervention."}, {"pmid": 32426750, "pmcid": "PMC7188438", "title": "Fact Versus Science Fiction: Fighting Coronavirus Disease 2019 Requires the Wisdom to Know the Difference.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Ingraham, Nicholas E", "Tignanelli, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426750", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381730, "pmcid": "PMC7239652", "title": "New indication for an old anesthetic technique: could we consider now rapid sequence spinal anesthesia in a COVID-19 time?", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Varandas, Joana Santos", "Dias, Raquel", "Mendes, Angela Barbosa", "Lages, Neusa", "Machado, Humberto"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381730", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475647, "pmcid": "PMC7236717", "title": "Tracheostomy care during COVID 19 pandemic in a head and neck oncology unit.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Varghese, Bipin T"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475647", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335706, "pmcid": "PMC7183390", "title": "CT, [(18)F]FDG-PET/CT and clinical findings before and during early Covid-19 onset in a patient affected by vascular tumour.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Kirienko, Margarita", "Padovano, Barbara", "Serafini, Gianluca", "Marchiano, Alfonso", "Gronchi, Alessandro", "Seregni, Ettore", "Alessi, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335706", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386246, "pmcid": "PMC7272927", "title": "COVID-19 and medical litigation: More than just the obvious.", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["Kelly, Anne-Maree"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386246", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has massively changed the health landscape around the world. Wide-ranging changes to healthcare delivery have occurred, especially in hospitals and EDs. Health services have made local decisions about care pathways, in some cases deviating from what would, until recently, have been considered widely accepted care. These changes bring with them new medicolegal risk for clinicians. In Australia, civil liability Acts provide protection for professionals when the criterion of having undertaken 'competent' practice that would be 'widely accepted' 'in the circumstances' is met. There is doubt how courts, and the medical experts who advise them, will evaluate clinical care provided during the pandemic when health services have developed local care pathways and there is no nationally accepted standard."}, {"pmid": 32457195, "pmcid": "PMC7251246", "title": "Awake Prone Positioning for Non-intubated Oxygen Dependent COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Ng, Ziqin", "Tay, Woo Chiao", "Ho, Choon Heng Benjamin"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457195", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271768, "pmcid": "PMC7144984", "title": "Detection of novel coronaviruses in bats in Myanmar.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Valitutto, Marc T", "Aung, Ohnmar", "Tun, Kyaw Yan Naing", "Vodzak, Megan E", "Zimmerman, Dawn", "Yu, Jennifer H", "Win, Ye Tun", "Maw, Min Thein", "Thein, Wai Zin", "Win, Htay Htay", "Dhanota, Jasjeet", "Ontiveros, Victoria", "Smith, Brett", "Tremeau-Brevard, Alexandre", "Goldstein, Tracey", "Johnson, Christine K", "Murray, Suzan", "Mazet, Jonna"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271768", "countries": ["China", "Myanmar"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of bat-borne zoonotic viruses warrants vigilant surveillance in their natural hosts. Of particular concern is the family of coronaviruses, which includes the causative agents of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and most recently, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an epidemic of acute respiratory illness originating from Wuhan, China in December 2019. Viral detection, discovery, and surveillance activities were undertaken in Myanmar to identify viruses in animals at high risk contact interfaces with people. Free-ranging bats were captured, and rectal and oral swabs and guano samples collected for coronaviral screening using broadly reactive consensus conventional polymerase chain reaction. Sequences from positives were compared to known coronaviruses. Three novel alphacoronaviruses, three novel betacoronaviruses, and one known alphacoronavirus previously identified in other southeast Asian countries were detected for the first time in bats in Myanmar. Ongoing land use change remains a prominent driver of zoonotic disease emergence in Myanmar, bringing humans into ever closer contact with wildlife, and justifying continued surveillance and vigilance at broad scales."}, {"pmid": 32339510, "pmcid": "PMC7182515", "title": "Regional Planning for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Allocation During Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Prekker, Matthew E", "Brunsvold, Melissa E", "Bohman, J Kyle", "Fischer, Gwenyth", "Gram, Kendra L", "Litell, John M", "Saavedra-Romero, Ramiro", "Hick, John L"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339510", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health systems confronting the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic must plan for surges in ICU demand and equitably distribute resources to maximize benefit for critically ill patients and the public during periods of resource scarcity. For example, morbidity and mortality could be mitigated by a proactive regional plan for the triage of mechanical ventilators. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a resource-intensive and potentially life-saving modality in severe respiratory failure, has generally not been included in proactive disaster preparedness until recently. This paper explores underlying assumptions and triage principles that could guide the integration of ECMO resources into existing disaster planning. Drawing from a collaborative framework developed by one US metropolitan area with multiple adult and pediatric extracorporeal life support centers, this paper aims to inform decision-making around ECMO use during a pandemic such as COVID-19. It also addresses the ethical and practical aspects of not continuing to offer ECMO during a disaster."}, {"pmid": 32510799, "title": "The Application Of Plasmapheresis For Covid-19 Patients.", "journal": "Ther Apher Dial", "authors": ["Turgutkaya, Atakan", "Yavasoglu, Irfan", "Bolaman, Zahit"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510799", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are known human and animal pathogens, but a novel type of coronavirus, designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) is defined by World Health Organisation(WHO).This novel type has created a pandemia throughout the world most notably causing death owing to pneumonia.Nowadays the entire world is searching the curative treatment but outcomes are discouraging for intensive care critical patients. In this article we'd like to highlight that plasmapheresis,although it' s an unproven strategy, could be a useful approach by the mechanism of alleviating the cytokine storm and decreasing the viral load. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32400291, "title": "Should Extremely Premature Babies Get Ventilators During the COVID-19 Crisis?", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Haward, Marlyse F", "Janvier, Annie", "Moore, Gregory P", "Laventhal, Naomi", "Fry, Jessica T", "Lantos, John"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400291", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a crisis, societal needs take precedence over a patient's best interests. Triage guidelines, however, differ on whether limited resources should focus on maximizing lives or life-years. Choosing between these two approaches has implications for neonatology. Neonatal units have ventilators, some adaptable for adults. This raises the question of whether, in crisis conditions, guidelines for treating extremely premature babies should be altered to free-up ventilators. Some adults who need ventilators will have a survival rate higher than some extremely premature babies. But surviving babies will likely live longer, maximizing life-years. Empiric evidence demonstrates that these babies can derive significant survival benefits from ventilation when compared to adults. When \"triaging\" or choosing between patients, justice demands fair guidelines. Premature babies do not deserve special consideration; they deserve equal consideration. Solidarity is crucial but must consider needs specific to patient populations and avoid biases against people with disabilities and extremely premature babies."}, {"pmid": 32327328, "pmcid": "PMC7167582", "title": "Big data integration and analytics to prevent a potential hospital outbreak of COVID-19 in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Fang-Ming", "Feng, Ming-Chu", "Chen, Tun-Chieh", "Hsieh, Min-Han", "Kuo, Shin-Huei", "Chang, Hsu-Liang", "Yang, Chih-Jen", "Chen, Yen-Hsu"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327328", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511784, "title": "Diagnosis and management of the drug hypersensitivity reactions in Coronavirus disease 19.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Gelincik, Asli", "Brockow, Knut", "Celik, Gulfem E", "Dona, Inmaculada", "Mayorga, Lina", "Romano, Antonino", "Soyer, Ozge", "Atanaskovic-Markovic, Marina", "Barbaud, Annick", "Torres, Maria Jose"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511784", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory tract infection caused by a novel human coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, leads to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic cases to patients with mild and severe symptoms, with or without pneumonia. Given the huge influence caused by the overwhelming COVID-19 pandemic affecting over three million people worldwide, a wide spectrum of drugs is considered for the treatment in the concept of repurposing and off-label use. There is no knowledge about the diagnosis and clinical management of the drug hypersensitivity reactions that can potentially occur during the disease. This review brings togetherall the published information about the diagnosis and management of drug hypersensitivity reactions due to current and candidate off-label drugs andhighlights relevant recommendations. Furthermore, it gathers all the dermatologic manifestations reported during the disease for guiding the clinicians to establish a better differential diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactionsin the course of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32418508, "title": "Erratum: COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 14 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 3 May 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418508", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An error in data processing resulted in the tabulation of incorrect crude case fatality rate values, for age groups of 50-59 and above, in Table 5 (Crude Case Fatality Rate of all cases and hospitalised cases, by age group) as originally published in the COVID-19 (Australia) epidemiology report 14. The table below provides the corrected values."}, {"pmid": 32531540, "title": "Burnout syndrome in Romanian medical residents in time of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Dimitriu, Mihai C T", "Pantea-Stoian, Anca", "Smaranda, Alexandru C", "Nica, Anca A", "Carap, Alexandru C", "Constantin, Vlad D", "Davitoiu, Ana M", "Cirstoveanu, Catalin", "Bacalbasa, Nicolae", "Bratu, Ovidiu G", "Jacota-Alexe, Florentina", "Badiu, Cristinel D", "Smarandache, Catalin G", "Socea, Bogdan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531540", "countries": ["Romania"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Burnout is a state of physical or mental collapse caused by overwork or stress. Burnout during residency training has gained significant attention secondary to concerns regarding job performance and patient care. The new COVID-19 pandemic has raised public health problems around the world and required a reorganization of health services. In this context, burnout syndrome and physical exhaustion have become even more pronounced. Resident doctors, and especially those in certain specialties, seem even more exposed due to the higher workload, prolonged exposure and first contact with patients. This article is a short review of the literature and a presentation of some considerations regarding the activity of the medical residents in a non-Covid emergency hospital in Romania, based on the responses obtained via a questionnaire. Burnout prevalence is not equal in different specialties. We studied its impact and imagine the potential steps that can be taken in order to reduce the increasing rate of burnout syndrome in the pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32279480, "title": "Impact of COVID 19: perspectives from gastroenterology.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Tay, Shu Wen", "Teh, Kevin Kim Jun", "Wang, Lai Mun", "Ang, Tiing Leong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279480", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372812, "pmcid": "PMC7194948", "title": "Australia keeps a lid on covid-19 - for now.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Klein, Alice"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372812", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324596, "pmcid": "PMC7188061", "title": "In Response: Pediatric Airway Management in COVID-19 patients - Consensus Guidelines from the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia's Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative and the Canadian Pediatric Anesthesia Society.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Brooks Peterson, Melissa L", "Fiadjoe, John E"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324596", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323862, "title": "What can Parkinson's disease teach us about COVID-19?", "journal": "Neurol Neurochir Pol", "authors": ["Tipton, Philip W", "Wszolek, Zbigniew K"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323862", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426319, "pmcid": "PMC7203575", "title": "COVID-19: Cultural Predictors of Gender Differences in Global Prevalence Patterns.", "journal": "Front Public Health", "authors": ["Muurlink, Olav T", "Taylor-Robinson, Andrew W"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426319", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500853, "title": "The Peru Approach against the COVID-19 Infodemic: Insights and Strategies.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Alvarez-Risco, Aldo", "Mejia, Christian R", "Delgado-Zegarra, Jaime", "Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Shyla", "Arce-Esquivel, Arturo A", "Valladares-Garrido, Mario J", "Rosas Del Portal, Mauricio", "Villegas, Leon F", "Curioso, Walter H", "Sekar, M Chandra", "Yanez, Jaime A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500853", "countries": ["Peru"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic has spawned an \"infodemic,\" with excessive and unfounded information that hinders an appropriate public health response. This perspective describes a selection of COVID-19 fake news that originated in Peru and the government's response to this information. Unlike other countries, Peru was relatively successful in controlling the infodemic possibly because of the implementation of prison sentences for persons who created and shared fake news. We believe that similar actions by other countries in collaboration with social media companies may offer a solution to the infodemic problem."}, {"pmid": 32369584, "pmcid": "PMC7239180", "title": "Reply: Practical experiences on the prevention and treatment strategies to fight against COVID-19 in hospital.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Fang, Yeqing", "Deng, Qiwen", "Yu, Zhijian", "Wang, Hongyan", "Zhang, Songrong"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369584", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315113, "pmcid": "PMC7264787", "title": "Managing a tertiary-level NICU in the time of COVID-19: Lessons learned from a high-risk zone.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Cavicchiolo, Maria Elena", "Lolli, Elisabetta", "Trevisanuto, Daniele", "Baraldi, Eugenio"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315113", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526380, "title": "The importance of vaginal natural orifice surgeries in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Kaya, Cihan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526380", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335338, "pmcid": "PMC7179499", "title": "Clinical analysis of ten pregnant women with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cao, Dongmei", "Yin, Heng", "Chen, Jun", "Tang, Fei", "Peng, Min", "Li, Ruobing", "Xie, Hui", "Wei, Xiaoying", "Zhao, Yun", "Sun, Guoqiang"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335338", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is spreading globally. This study aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women confirmed with COVID-19 to provide reference for clinical work. The clinical features and outcomes of 10 pregnant women confirmed with COVID-19 at Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, a tertiary- care teaching hospital in Hubei province, Wuhan, China from January 23 to February 23, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All the 10 observed pregnant women including 9 singletons and 1 twin were native people in Wuhan. All of them were diagnosed mild COVID-19, and none of the patients developed severe COVID-19 or died. Among the 10 patients, two patients underwent vaginal delivery, two patients underwent intrapartum cesarean section, and the remaining six patients underwent elective cesarean section. All of 10 patients showed lung abnormalities by pulmonary CT images after delivery. Their eleven newborns were recorded and no neonatal asphyxia was observed. Pulmonary CT screening on admission may be necessary to reduce the risk of nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 during the outbreak period. And COVID-19 is not an indication of cesarean section."}, {"pmid": 32243191, "title": "Letter by Pilz et al Regarding Article, \"Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak on ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Care in Hong Kong, China\".", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Pilz, Stefan", "Theiler-Schwetz, Verena", "Trummer, Christian"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243191", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502117, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 in children: Current status.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Jeng, Mei-Jy"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502117", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged from China in December 2019. The outbreak further exploded in Europe and America in mid-March 2020 to become a global health emergency. We reviewed recent published articles and on-line open messages on SARS-CoV-2-positive infants and children younger than 20 years of age. Symptoms are usually less severe in children than in adults. Twelve critically or mortally ill children were found in the published or news reports before April 6, 2020. Vertical transmission from the mother to her fetus or neonate has not been proven definitively. However, six early-onset (<7 days) and 3 late-onset neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections were found in the literature. We also summarized the presentations and contact information of 24 SARS-CoV-2-positive children announced by the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. Early identification and isolation, adequate management, prevention, and vaccine development are the keys to controlling the disease spread. Clinical physicians should be alert to asymptomatic children with COVID-19. Multidirectional investigations are crucial in the global fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32396951, "title": "Gut feeling from Wuhan: advice for gastrointestinal endoscopy performed during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Endoscopy", "authors": ["Ding, Zhen", "Kongkam, Pradermchai", "Luangsukrerk, Thanawat", "Liu, Jun", "Cheng, Yaping", "Ratanachu-Ek, Thawee", "Rerknimitr, Rungsun"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396951", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32252978, "pmcid": "PMC7195310", "title": "Suspected acute abdomen as an extrapulmonary manifestation of Covid-19 infection.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Blanco-Colino, Ruth", "Vilallonga, Ramon", "Martin, Rocio", "Petrola, Carlos", "Armengol, Manuel"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252978", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199880, "pmcid": "PMC7270807", "title": "Effect of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Zhou, Zili", "Zhao, Ning", "Shu, Yan", "Han, Shengbo", "Chen, Bin", "Shu, Xiaogang"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199880", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380903, "pmcid": "PMC7241448", "title": "Lack of cross-neutralization by SARS patient sera towards SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Anderson, Danielle E", "Tan, Chee Wah", "Chia, Wan Ni", "Young, Barnaby E", "Linster, Martin", "Low, JennyG H", "Tan, Yee-Joo", "Chen, Mark I-C", "Smith, Gavin J D", "Leo, Yee Sin", "Lye, David C", "Wang, Lin-Fa"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380903", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite initial findings indicating that SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are genetically related belonging to the same virus species and that the two viruses used the same entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), our data demonstrated that there is no detectable cross-neutralization by SARS patient sera against SARS-CoV-2. We also found that there are significant levels of neutralizing antibodies in recovered SARS patients 9-17 years after initial infection. These findings will be of significant use in guiding the development of serologic tests, formulating convalescent plasma therapy strategies, and assessing the longevity of protective immunity for SARS-related coronaviruses in general as well as vaccine efficacy."}, {"pmid": 32504637, "title": "ELEVATED MONOCYTE DISTRIBUTION WIDTH IN COVID-19 PATIENTS: THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE NOVEL SEPSIS INDICATOR.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Ognibene, Agostino", "Lorubbio, Maria", "Magliocca, Pasqualino", "Tripodo, Emanuela", "Vaggelli, Guendalina", "Iannelli, Giovanni", "Feri, Marco", "Scala, Raffaele", "Polcini Tartaglia, Alessandro", "Galano, Angelo", "Pancrazzi, Alessandro", "Tacconi, Danilo"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504637", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Interesting results regarding the contribution of MDW (Monocyte Distribution Width) in the Infectious Disease Unit have been reported. An observational study is ongoing at San Donato Hospital with the aim to evaluate the contribution of MDW in the diagnostic pathway in adult patients entering in the ED setting and tested for SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 symptomatic and paucisymptomatic patients presenting to ED (Emergency Department), have been enrolled consecutively. Whole blood venous samples have been collected on K2 EDTA for MDW determination, at the same time a nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection have been collected. One hundred six patients were negative for SARS-CoV-2 with MDW mean value of 20.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.3, while forty-one were positive for SARS-CoV-2 with higher MDW mean value of 27.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.9 (P\u00a0<\u00a00.005). The ROC curve analysis has been evaluated showing MDW AUC of 0.91. Finally twenty-three patients hospitalized in high-intensity care unit showed an MDW value higher than the eighteen patients presenting few symptoms [28.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.3 vs 25.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.6 respectively, P\u00a0<\u00a00.05]. Monocytic population, in Covid19 disease, are the first elements of innate immunity to be involved, these changes are the basis of the modification of the MDW, with evident efficacy in term of sensitivity, particularly in the studied Covid19 patients. Moreover the patients hospitalized in high-intensity care unit showed significantly elevated MDW respects to middle or low symptomatic one, suggest including this parameter as prognostic marker or of therapy efficacy, integrated with other laboratory findings."}, {"pmid": 32332909, "title": "Open science takes on the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Zastrow, Mark"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332909", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362005, "pmcid": "PMC7267458", "title": "Correspondence: Importance of the validated serum biochemistry and hemogram parameters for rapid diagnosis and to prevent false negative results during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Biotechnol Appl Biochem", "authors": ["Aydemir, Duygu", "Ulusu, Nuriye Nuray"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362005", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 threatens millions of lives, especially elderly population and people with chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Rapid and effective diagnoses are vital for the isolation of infected people and starting treatment immediately to stop the spread of COVID-19 virus. Bioinformatics techniques such as artificial intelligence should be used for collecting the hemogram and serum biochemistry data of all COVID-19- infected people worldwide, even they do not show severe symptoms. These data may help find a biomarker that can be used in combination with the CT results for rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32516281, "title": "ANOSMIA AND AGEUSIA: NOT AN UNCOMMON PRESENTATION OF COVID-19 INFECTION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Mak, Phoebe Qiaozhen", "Chung, Ka-Shing", "Wong, Joshua Sung-Chih", "Shek, Chi-Chiu", "Kwan, Mike Yat-Wah"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516281", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of a cluster of viral pneumonia cases in Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China, at the end of December 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus also known as \"coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),\" as of 7 April 2020, more than 1,214,466 cases of COVID-19 have been reported in more than 200 countries and territories, resulting in more than 67,767 deaths. The disease was recognized by World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Published reports of adult patients with COVID-19 infection described symptoms including fever, cough, fatigue, sputum production, headache, dyspnoea and diarrhoea. Children usually showed milder respiratory symptoms or were asymptomatic, while loss of taste or sensation of smell were seldom reported. In this paper, we report three cases of pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection who presented with anosmia and/or ageusia."}, {"pmid": 32250979, "pmcid": "PMC7173079", "title": "Oral and nasal decontamination for COVID-19 patients: more harm than good?", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Maguire, Duncan"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407224, "title": "Duty, indemnity and immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Griffith, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407224", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, considers arrangements for indemnifying nurses returning to practice in the pandemic, and whether nurses might be given immunity from negligence claims."}, {"pmid": 32398322, "title": "COVID-19: lessons to date from China.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Lu, Xiaoxia", "Xing, Yuhan", "Wong, Gary Wing-Kin"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398322", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic due to a novel coronavirus has been sweeping across different regions of the globe since January 2020. Early reports of this infection due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) consisted of mostly adult patients. As the outbreak spreads rapidly beyond the epicentre of Wuhan, it becomes clear that infants and children of all ages are susceptible to this infection. In China, there have been more than 1200 paediatric cases. Most paediatric patients acquire the infection through household contact with infected adults. The disease in children is usually self-limiting and most infected children will recover uneventfully within 7-10 days. Other than symptoms of the respiratory tract, many children may present with gastrointestinal symptoms. Older children are more likely to have asymptomatic infection. Although deaths related to SARS-CoV-2 are rarely reported in the paediatric age group, young children and those with underlying medical conditions are more likely to develop severe illness. Only a small fraction of neonates born to infected mother would acquire the virus by vertical transmission. Because a large proportion of children and adolescents may have asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infection, children are likely to play an important role in community transmission of this infection. Screening of children who have a definitive contact history will facilitate early diagnosis and isolation of all infected children. This review summarises the lessons learned in China with regard to the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the paediatric population."}, {"pmid": 32382727, "pmcid": "PMC7204757", "title": "THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MENTAL HEALTH: THE INTERACTIVE ROLES OF BRAIN BIOTYPES AND HUMAN CONNECTION.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun Health", "authors": ["Hagerty, Sarah L", "Williams, Leanne M"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382727", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 along with the mitigation strategies being used to address the virus pose significant threats to our individual and collective mental health. As the crisis evolves and persists, it will be increasingly important for the research community to conduct investigations that address the mental health consequences of COVID-19. The causes of mental health effects in the context of COVID-19 are multifactorial and likely include biological, behavioral, and environmental determinants. We argue that the COVID-19 crisis significantly threatens our basic human need for human connection, which might serve as a crucial environmental factor that could underlie the overall insult to our mental health. Furthermore, \"brain styles,\" which we have previously conceptualized as \"biotypes\" that are informed by a neural taxonomy, might interact with the universal threat to our need for human connection to explain the mental health consequences of COVID-19 from a precision psychiatry perspective. The goal of this commentary is to inspire research on the mental health consequences of COVID-19 from an individualized, brain-based perspective that honors the profound threat that the virus poses to our basic human motivations."}, {"pmid": 32395541, "pmcid": "PMC7210187", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the portrait of a perfect storm.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian", "Henry, Brandon M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395541", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The \"novel\" coronavirus disease 2019 (abbreviated \"COVID-19\") is the third coronavirus outbreak emerging during the past two decades. This infectious disease, sustained by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been recently declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Despite the concerning epidemiological burden, many people, including some policymakers, are underestimating this pandemic and are remaining enigmatically inactive against a human pathology which, for a combination of reasons, can be reasonably defined as a perfect storm (i.e., the \"wrong virus\" at the \"wrong time\"). These many paradigmatic aspects include SARS-CoV-2 structure and peculiar biology of infection, high risk of inter-human transmission, long incubation time combined with early and sustained viral load, existence of asymptomatic or mildly-symptomatic carriers, viral shedding for days after symptom relief, unfavorable progression towards respiratory distress and death in up to 5-10% of patients thus causing dramatic healthcare challenges, as well as environmental contamination. Last but not least, the combination of the current case fatality rate with the extraordinary number of people that could be potentially infected by SARS-CoV-2 would permit to estimate that the worldwide deaths for COVID-19 may even approximate those recorded during World War II if appropriate restrictive measures for preventing human-to-human transmission are not readily undertaken. Everybody should be inexcusably aware that this is not a drill, and that the consequences of inadequate action will be tragedy."}, {"pmid": 32286019, "title": "Serological Assays for SARS-CoV-2 Infectious Disease: Benefits, Limitations and Perspectives.", "journal": "Isr Med Assoc J", "authors": ["Infantino, Maria", "Damiani, Arianna", "Gobbi, Francesca Li", "Grossi, Valentina", "Lari, Barbara", "Macchia, Donatella", "Casprini, Patrizia", "Veneziani, Francesca", "Villalta, Danilo", "Bizzaro, Nicola", "Cappelletti, Piero", "Fabris, Martina", "Quartuccio, Luca", "Benucci, Maurizio", "Manfredi, Mariangela"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286019", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406073, "pmcid": "PMC7273003", "title": "'And breathe...'? The sociology of health and illness in COVID-19 time.", "journal": "Sociol Health Illn", "authors": ["Will, Catherine M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406073", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405872, "pmcid": "PMC7220621", "title": "COVID-19 - ESSKA guidelines and recommendations for resuming elective surgery.", "journal": "J Exp Orthop", "authors": ["Mouton, Caroline", "Hirschmann, Michael T", "Ollivier, Matthieu", "Seil, Romain", "Menetrey, Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405872", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The roadmap to elective surgery resumption after this COVID-19 pandemic should be progressive and cautious. The aim of this paper was to give recommendations and guidelines for resuming elective orthopedic surgery in the safest environment possible. Elective surgery should be performed in COVID-free facilities and hospital stay should be as short as possible. For matters of safety, patients considered first for surgery should be carefully selected according to COVID infection status/exposure, age, ASA physical status classification system / risk factors, socio-professional situation and surgical indication. A strategy for resuming elective surgery in four phases is proposed. Preoperative testing for COVID-19 infection is highly recommended. In any cases, COVID symptoms including fever and increased temperature should be constantly monitored until the day of surgery. Elective surgery should be postponed at the slightest suspicion of a COVID-19 infection. In case of surgery, adapted personal protective equipment in terms of gowns, gloves, masks and eye protection is highly recommended and described."}, {"pmid": 32384401, "title": "How Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak Is Impacting Colorectal Cancer Patients in Italy: A Long Shadow Beyond Infection.", "journal": "Dis Colon Rectum", "authors": ["Pellino, Gianluca", "Spinelli, Antonino"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384401", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346091, "pmcid": "PMC7186944", "title": "Neutralizing antibody response in mild COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["van der Heide, Verena"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346091", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32161107, "title": "New coronavirus outbreak: Framing questions for pandemic prevention.", "journal": "Sci Transl Med", "authors": ["Layne, Scott P", "Hyman, James M", "Morens, David M", "Taubenberger, Jeffery K"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161107", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We need to understand and quantify the dominant variables that govern the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, rather than relying exclusively on confirmed cases and their geospatial spread."}, {"pmid": 32418481, "pmcid": "PMC7265098", "title": "Infection control measures in ophthalmology during the COVID-19 outbreak: A narrative review from an early experience in Italy.", "journal": "Eur J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Veritti, Daniele", "Sarao, Valentina", "Bandello, Francesco", "Lanzetta, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418481", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is infecting people and spreading easily from person-to-person. Cases have been detected in most countries worldwide. Italy is one of the most affected countries as of 30 March 2020. Public health response includes a rapid reorganization of the Italian National Healthcare System in order to reduce transmission of COVID-19 within hospitals and healthcare facilities, while optimizing the assistance to patients with severe COVID-19 complications. We analysed the actions that were taken in three ophthalmology centres in northern Italy during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and how these measures affected patient's attendance. In addition, due to the rapidly evolving scenario, we reviewed the evidence available during the course of this pandemic. A full reorganization of ophthalmology services is mandatory according to current existing infection containment measures in order to continue dispensing urgent procedures without endangering the community with amplification of the diffusion chain. Ophthalmologists are considered at elevated risk of exposure when caring patients and vice versa, due to their close proximity during eye examination. High volumes of procedures typically generated by ophthalmologists with concurrent implications on the risk of infection are considered when re-assessing healthcare facilities reorganization. Containment measures in the event of pandemic due to infective agents should be well known by healthcare professionals and promptly applied in order to mitigate the risk of nosocomial transmission and outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32361635, "pmcid": "PMC7195270", "title": "A mechanistic analysis placental intravascular thrombus formation in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Ann Diagn Pathol", "authors": ["Mulvey, J Justin", "Magro, Cynthia M", "Ma, Lucy X", "Nuovo, Gerard J", "Baergen, Rebecca N"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361635", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is increasingly being recognized as a systemic thrombotic and microvascular injury syndrome that may have its roots in complement activation. We had the opportunity to study the placental pathology of five full-term births to COVID-19 patients. All five exhibited histology indicative of fetal vascular malperfusion characterized by focal avascular villi and thrombi in larger fetal vessels. Vascular complement deposition in the placentas was not abnormal, and staining for viral RNA and viral spike protein was negative. While all cases resulted in healthy, term deliveries, these findings indicate the systemic nature of COVID-19 infection. The finding of vascular thrombosis without complement deposition may reflect the systemic nature of COVID-19's procoagulant effects unrelated to systemic complement activation."}, {"pmid": 32210386, "title": "Care for laboratory animals during COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Pullium, Jennifer K"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210386", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507686, "title": "Clinical Trials and Tribulations in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Weinberg, Marc Scott", "Patrick, Regan E", "Schwab, Nadine A", "Owoyemi, Praise", "May, Rose", "McManus, Alison J", "Gerber, Jessica", "Harper, David G", "Arnold, Steven E", "Forester, Brent"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507686", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Advances in treating and preventing Alzheimer disease and other neurocognitive disorders of aging arise from rigorous preclinical and clinical research, with randomized controlled treatment trials as the last and definitive test. The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly disrupted ongoing interventional studies and researchers are scrambling to find ways to safely continue this critical work amidst rapidly shifting guidelines from sponsors, institutions, and state and federal guidelines. Here the authors describe novel approaches and work-flow adaptations to study visits, drug delivery and interim and endpoint safety and outcomes assessments to avoid sacrificing years of preparation and substantial financial investments, to work in the best interest of participants and their caregivers, and to continue on the path toward discovering disease-modifying treatments for the millions of individuals impacted by major neurocognitive disorders."}, {"pmid": 32210236, "pmcid": "PMC7093412", "title": "Epidemiological data from the COVID-19 outbreak, real-time case information.", "journal": "Sci Data", "authors": ["Xu, Bo", "Gutierrez, Bernardo", "Mekaru, Sumiko", "Sewalk, Kara", "Goodwin, Lauren", "Loskill, Alyssa", "Cohn, Emily L", "Hswen, Yulin", "Hill, Sarah C", "Cobo, Maria M", "Zarebski, Alexander E", "Li, Sabrina", "Wu, Chieh-Hsi", "Hulland, Erin", "Morgan, Julia D", "Wang, Lin", "O'Brien, Katelynn", "Scarpino, Samuel V", "Brownstein, John S", "Pybus, Oliver G", "Pigott, David M", "Kraemer, Moritz U G"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210236", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cases of a novel coronavirus were first reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019 and have since spread across the world. Epidemiological studies have indicated human-to-human transmission in China and elsewhere. To aid the analysis and tracking of the COVID-19 epidemic we collected and curated individual-level data from national, provincial, and municipal health reports, as well as additional information from online reports. All data are geo-coded and, where available, include symptoms, key dates (date of onset, admission, and confirmation), and travel history. The generation of detailed, real-time, and robust data for emerging disease outbreaks is important and can help to generate robust evidence that will support and inform public health decision making."}, {"pmid": 32151674, "pmcid": "PMC7134399", "title": "Duration of quarantine in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a question needing an answer.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Lombardi, Andrea", "Bozzi, Giorgio", "Mangioni, Davide", "Muscatello, Antonio", "Peri, Anna Maria", "Taramasso, Lucia", "Ungaro, Riccardo", "Bandera, Alessandra", "Gori, Andrea"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151674", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497341, "title": "Acute complicated type B aortic dissection during the New York City COVID-19 surge.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Ikeda, Shinichiro", "Shih, Michael", "Rhee, Robert Y", "Youdelman, Benjamin A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497341", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in New York City (NYC) is dramatic. COVID-19 cases surged, hospitals expanded to meet capacity, and NYC remains the global epicenter of this pandemic. During this unprecedented time, a young woman with known Marfan syndrome presented with an acute complicated type B aortic dissection to our Aortic Center. Using the provisional extension to induce a complete attachment technique, we treated this patient and quickly discharged her the next day to decrease the risk of COVID-19 infection. Her progress was monitored using frequent phone calls and one office visit at two weeks."}, {"pmid": 32462663, "title": "Clinical features and outcome of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfected patients in The Bronx, New York city.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Suwanwongse, Kulachanya", "Shabarek, Nehad"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462663", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469283, "title": "The future of cancer research after COVID-19 pandemic: recession?", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Kourie, Hampig Raphael", "Eid, Roland", "Haddad, Fady", "Ghosn, Marwan", "Sarkis, Dolla Karam"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469283", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330324, "pmcid": "PMC7267354", "title": "Acral cutaneous lesions in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Recalcati, S", "Barbagallo, T", "Frasin, L A", "Prestinari, F", "Cogliardi, A", "Provero, M C", "Dainese, E", "Vanzati, A", "Fantini, F"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330324", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418212, "title": "Pedagogy in a pandemic - COVID-19 and virtual continuing medical education (vCME) in obstetrics and gynecology.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Kanneganti, Abhiram", "Lim, Karen M X", "Chan, Grace M F", "Choo, Soe-Na", "Choolani, Mahesh", "Ismail-Pratt, Ida", "Logan, Susan J S"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321730, "title": "Is it wrong to prioritise younger patients with covid-19?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Archard, Dave", "Caplan, Arthur"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321730", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409480, "title": "Caring for Newborns Born to Mothers with COVID-19: More Questions than Answers.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Gupta, Munish", "Zupancic, John A F", "Pursley, DeWayne M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409480", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360682, "title": "Cardiovascular disease and surgery amid COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Bashir, Mohamad", "Moughal, Saad"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360682", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434603, "title": "The challenges of COVID-19 for community pharmacists and opportunities for the future.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Hayden, John C", "Parkin, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434603", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pharmacists, like psychiatrists, have modified their practices amidst COVID-19 in order to guarantee care and support to their patients. Designated an essential frontline service, community pharmacists are facing a spectrum of challenges to surmount to ensure patient care continues. These include assisting in the prevention of infection, managing supply chains, preventing stockpiling and provision of evidence-based medical information. However, disasters like COVID-19 disproportionately affect poor and vulnerable populations, and patients with mental health conditions may be among the hardest hit. Pharmacist-level, system-level and regulatory responses have sought to minimise this impact, although there is likely to be a lasting impression on the profession, both good and bad. This article reviews the pandemic-related challenges and responses by pharmacists, as well as forming recommendation for areas of professional support and role expansion, particularly in the case of mental health."}, {"pmid": 32528153, "title": "Socio-demographic and epidemiological consideration of Africa's COVID-19 response: what is the possible pandemic course?", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Gaye, Bamba", "Khoury, Stephanie", "Cene, Crystal W", "Kingue, Samuel", "N'Guetta, Roland", "Lassale, Camille", "Balde, Dadhi", "Diop, Ibrahima Bara", "Dowd, Jennifer Beam", "Mills, Melinda C", "Jouven, Xavier"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528153", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247328, "pmcid": "PMC7270737", "title": "Death in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Ingravallo, Francesca"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247328", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277972, "pmcid": "PMC7141646", "title": "Strategic dermatology clinical operations during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Price, Kyla N", "Thiede, Rebecca", "Shi, Vivian Y", "Curiel-Lewandrowski, Clara"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277972", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474580, "title": "Pharmacy services at a temporary COVID-19 hospital in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Wu, Jie", "Shen, Bingzheng", "Li, Dan", "Song, Wei", "Li, Jing", "Zhang, Mengke", "Liu, Gang", "Zhou, Benhong"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474580", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32390757, "pmcid": "PMC7203260", "title": "Correction to: First COVID-19 infections in the Philippines: a case report.", "journal": "Trop Med Health", "authors": ["Edrada, Edna M", "Lopez, Edmundo B", "Villarama, Jose Benito", "Salva Villarama, Eumelia P", "Dagoc, Bren F", "Smith, Chris", "Sayo, Ana Ria", "Verona, Jeffrey A", "Trifalgar-Arches, Jamie", "Lazaro, Jezreel", "Balinas, Ellen Grace M", "Telan, Elizabeth Freda O", "Roy, Lynsil", "Galon, Myvie", "Florida, Carl Hill N", "Ukawa, Tatsuya", "Villanueva, Annavi Marie G", "Saito, Nobuo", "Nepomuceno, Jean Raphael", "Ariyoshi, Koya", "Carlos, Celia", "Nicolasora, Amalea Dulcene", "Solante, Rontgene M"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390757", "countries": ["Philippines"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s41182-020-00203-0.]."}, {"pmid": 32421076, "pmcid": "PMC7224080", "title": "Seismic noise changes during COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of Shillong, India.", "journal": "Nat Hazards (Dordr)", "authors": ["Somala, Surendra Nadh"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421076", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic has prompted several governments to take\u00a0the major step of asking everyone to stay home except for essential needs. This has brought down the ground vibration significantly, in various frequency bands, particularly at higher frequencies related to anthropogenic seismic noise. The power is reduced by\u2009~\u20095\u00a0dB at 10\u00a0Hz in Shillong, India, post-lockdown (after 25 March 2020) in India. This is lower than the levels that are observed over the weekends. On the day of Janata Curfew (22 March 2020), the reduction in power is\u2009~\u200910\u00a0dB at 10\u00a0Hz."}, {"pmid": 32223665, "title": "Timely Diagnosis and Treatment Shortens the Time to Resolution of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia and Lowers the Highest and Last CT Scores From Sequential Chest CT.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Huang, Guoquan", "Gong, Tao", "Wang, Guangbin", "Wang, Jianwen", "Guo, Xinfu", "Cai, Erpeng", "Li, Shirong", "Li, Xiaohu", "Yu, Yongqiang", "Lin, Liangjie"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223665", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. This study aims to assess correlations of the time from symptom onset to diagnosis and treatment with the time to disease resolution and CT scores as based on findings from sequential chest CT examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis underwent chest CT examinations. Five patients who did not have positive CT findings or who had not yet fulfilled criteria for discharge from the hospital were excluded. CT scores were determined according to CT findings and lung involvement. The time from symptom onset to diagnosis and treatment was recorded for each patient, and on the basis of this information, patients with COVID-19 were divided into group 1 (patients for whom this interval was \u2264 3 days) and group 2 (those for whom this interval was > 3 days). The CT scores for each group were fitted using a Lorentzian line-shape curve to show the variation tendency during treatment. The differences in age, sex, and last CT scores determined before discharge between the two groups were analyzed, and correlations of the time from symptom onset to diagnosis and treatment with the time to disease resolution as well as with the highest CT score also underwent statistical analysis. RESULTS. A total of 25 subjects were enrolled in the study. The fitted tendency curves for group 1 and group 2 were significantly different, with peak points showing that the estimated highest CT score was 10 and 16 for each group, respectively, and the time to disease resolution was 6 and 13 days, respectively. The Mann-Whitney test showed that the last CT scores were lower for group 1 than for group 2 (p = 0.025), although the chi-square test found no difference in age and sex between the groups. The time from symptom onset to diagnosis and treatment had a positive correlation with the time to disease resolution (r = 0.93; p = 0.000) as well as with the highest CT score (r = 0.83; p = 0.006). CONCLUSION. Timely diagnosis and treatment are key to providing a better prognosis for patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32470408, "pmcid": "PMC7250550", "title": "The neurological impact of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Neurol", "authors": ["The Lancet Neurology"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470408", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395964, "title": "[Dealing with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Klok, Frederikus A", "den Exter, Paul L", "Huisman, Menno V", "Eikenboom, Jeroen"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395964", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is associated with a high prevalence of activation of the coagulation cascade. It has been suggested that this so-called COVID-19-associated coagulopathy is predictive of a poor outcome and of mortality. Consensus documents on how to manage patients with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy are based on the limited number of mainly retrospective studies that is currently available, and for this reason the recommendations are not always consistent with one another. In this article, we review the first studies into COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and give the most important do's and don'ts for diagnostics and the daily management of coagulopathy and the prevention of complications in patients with, or with strongly-suspected, COVID-19 in Dutch clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32328511, "pmcid": "PMC7177085", "title": "Dermatoethics: Self-Prescribing Plaquenil during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Womens Dermatol", "authors": ["Stoj, Victoria J", "Grant-Kels, Jane M"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328511", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305882, "pmcid": "PMC7195018", "title": "Diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection are at higher risk of ICU admission and poor short-term outcome.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Roncon, Loris", "Zuin, Marco", "Rigatelli, Gianluca", "Zuliani, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305882", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The prognostic significance of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) remains unknown. To assess the risk of ICU admission and morality risk in diabetic COVID-19 patients. A database search was conducted to identify studies comparing diabetic COVID-19 patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) and those reporting the overall mortality of these patients published up to March 25, 2020 within MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in abstracting data and assessing validity. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. The main outcome was the risk of ICU admission in diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection while the second was the mortality risk in overall diabetic COVID-19 patients. Data were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel random effects models with odds ratio (OR) as the effect measure with the related 95 % confidence interval (CI). Statistical heterogeneity between groups was measured using the Higgins I2 statistic. Among 1382 patients (mean age 51.5 years, 798 males), DM resulted to be the second more frequent comorbidities. Diabetic patients resulted to have a significant increased risk of ICU admission (OR: 2.79, 95 % CI 1.85-4.22, p\u2009<\u20090.0001, I2\u2009=\u200946 %). In 471 patients (mean age 56.6 years, 294 males) analysed for the secondary outcome diabetic subjects resulted to be at higher mortality risk (OR 3.21, 95 % CI 1.82-5.64, p\u2009<\u20090.0001, I2\u2009=\u200916 %). Diabetic patients with COVID-19 patients are at higher risk of ICU admission and show an higher mortality risk."}, {"pmid": 32474044, "pmcid": "PMC7255724", "title": "COVID-19 Patients with Recent Influenza A/B Infection: A Retrospective Study.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wu, Ping", "Lu, Wanrong", "He, Liang", "Meng, Yifan", "Wu, Peng", "Ding, Wencheng", "Ma, Ke", "Liu, Jia"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474044", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371418, "title": "Identifying rheumatic disease patients at high risk and requiring shielding during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Price, Elizabeth", "MacPhie, Elizabeth", "Kay, Lesley", "Lanyon, Peter", "Griffiths, Bridget", "Holroyd, Christopher", "Abhishek, Abhishek", "Youngstein, Taryn", "Bailey, Kathryn", "Clinch, Jacqui", "Shaikh, Muddassir", "Rivett, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371418", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rheumatology teams care for patients with diverse, systemic autoimmune diseases who are often immunosuppressed and at high risk of infections. The current COVID-19 pandemic has presented particular challenges in caring for and managing this patient group. The office of the chief medical officer (CMO) for England contacted the rheumatology community to provide expert advice on the identification of extremely vulnerable patients at very high risk during the COVID-19 pandemic who should be 'shielded'. This involves the patients being asked to strictly self-isolate for at least 12 weeks with additional funded support provided for them to remain at home. A group of rheumatologists (the authors) have devised a pragmatic guide to identifying the very highest risk group using a rapidly developed scoring system which went live simultaneous with the Government announcement on shielding and was cascaded to all rheumatologists working in England."}, {"pmid": 32449107, "pmcid": "PMC7246219", "title": "Stay fit, don't quit: Geriatric Exercise Prescription in COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Aging Clin Exp Res", "authors": ["Lakicevic, Nemanja", "Moro, Tatiana", "Paoli, Antonio", "Roklicer, Roberto", "Trivic, Tatjana", "Cassar, Samuel", "Drid, Patrik"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449107", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348047, "title": "[COVID-19 infection in the elderly in French-speaking Switzerland: an inventory of beliefs, convictions and certainties].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Nguyen, Sylvain", "Major, Kristof", "Cochet, Camille", "Bizzozzero, Tosca", "Barbarossa, Luca", "Bosshard, Wanda", "Humbert, Marc", "Rubli, Eve", "Jox, Ralf", "D'Amelio, Patrizia", "Bula, Christophe"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348047", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most patients hospitalized for COVID-19 are aged over 70 years old, and half of those who die are over 83 years old. Older patients do not always present with typical symptoms (fever, cough and dyspnoea) but sometimes are and remain asymptomatic (contact screening), or have aspecific presentations (altered general condition, falls, delirium, unusual fatigue). Rectal swab, which minimizes exposition risk, appears useful in long-term care patients with diarrhea. Older age is associated with worse prognosis, but the analysis should be refined by means of prognostic indexes that account for the heterogeneous health, functional, and cognitive status of the elderly population. Gathering elderly patients' wishes and assessing their remaining life expectancy allows to anticipate care decisions according to the level of tension in the health system."}, {"pmid": 32422130, "pmcid": "PMC7228892", "title": "KEY HIGHLIGHTS of the Canadian Thoracic Society's Position Statement on the Optimization of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Bhutani, Mohit", "Hernandez, Paul", "Bourbeau, Jean", "Dechman, Gail", "Penz, Erika", "Aceron, Raymond", "Beauchamp, Marla", "Wald, Joshua", "Stickland, Michael", "Olsen, Sharla-Rae", "Goodridge, Donna"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422130", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353457, "pmcid": "PMC7184993", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and personal protective equipment shortage: protective efficacy comparing masks and scientific methods for respirator reuse.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Boskoski, Ivo", "Gallo, Camilla", "Wallace, Michael B", "Costamagna, Guido"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353457", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The abrupt outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 and its rapid spread over many healthcare systems throughout the world has led to a shortage in personal protective equipment (PPE), which cannot be solved by reducing their use or by increasing production. It is thus necessary to promote PPE rational use, highlighting possible differences in terms of efficacy and promoting an effective technique to reuse them. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar, and from the 25 top cited articles, 15 were selected for relevance and impact. Most studies on previous respiratory virus epidemics to date suggest surgical masks are not inferior compared with N95 respirators in terms of protective efficacy among healthcare workers. Therefore, the use of N95 respirators should be limited to high-risk situations. Concerning respirator reuse, highly energetic, short-wave, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) at 254 nm was determined to decontaminate N95 respirators from viral respiratory agents, but UVGI requires careful consideration of the type of respirator and of the biologic target. Rational use and successful reuse of respirators can help in the shortage of PPE during a pandemic. Further studies testing UVGI and other decontamination techniques are an unmet need. The definitive answer to pandemic issues can be found in artificial intelligence and deep learning. These groundbreaking modalities could help in identifying high-risk patients and in suggesting appropriate types and use of PPE."}, {"pmid": 32430637, "pmcid": "PMC7237227", "title": "COVID-19-associated meningoencephalitis complicated with intracranial hemorrhage: a case report.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Al-Olama, Mohammad", "Rashid, Anas", "Garozzo, Debora"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430637", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic that started in December 2019 is mainly related to clinical pictures consistent with respiratory symptoms; nevertheless, reports about neurological complications have recently appeared in the medical literature. We describe a case of a 36-year-old coronavirus-positive patient that was admitted on emergency basis; his clinical presentation included neurological symptoms such as drowsiness and mild confusion. Imaging revealed findings consistent with meningoencephalitis complicated by intracerebral hematoma and subdural hematoma. The latter was surgically evacuated after it became chronic and evidence of coronavirus was found in the fluid. Our experience confirms that neurological complications might be a likely event in COVID-19. Although uncommon, the possible occurrence of meningoencephalitis should be kept in mind by physicians involved in the management of COVID-19 patients. Early recognition of brain involvement may provide better prognosis, preventing evolution into intracerebral hemorrhagic events."}, {"pmid": 32472675, "title": "Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 with Evidence-Based Supportive Care.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Larson, Derek T", "Sherner, John H", "Gallagher, Kia M", "Judy, Cynthia L", "Paul, Madison B", "Mahoney, Alexandra M", "Weina, Peter J"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472675", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Calls for adherence to evidence-based medicine have emerged during the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic but reports of outcomes are lacking. This retrospective study of a single-institution cohort including 135 patients with confirmed COVID-19 demonstrates positive outcomes when institutional standards of care consist of evidence-based supportive therapies."}, {"pmid": 32340349, "pmcid": "PMC7215298", "title": "Discrimination and Social Exclusion in the Outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["He, Jun", "He, Leshui", "Zhou, Wen", "Nie, Xuanhua", "He, Ming"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340349", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper is aimed to document the observed social exclusion and discrimination in the outbreak of COVID-19 across the world and inside of China. Discrimination and social exclusion has occurred in various forms, while 25.11% of respondents overseas experienced discrimination in the breakout of COVID-19, and 90% of respondents inside of China exhibited discriminatory attitudes. The discrimination and social exclusion also lead to a range of damaging social outcomes. Thus, this is an urgent call for the inclusiveness in policy and media in the face of this public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32438383, "title": "Inhaled modified angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a decoy to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Ameratunga, Rohan", "Lehnert, Klaus", "Leung, Euphemia", "Comoletti, Davide", "Snell, Russell", "Woon, See-Tarn", "Abbott, William", "Mears, Emily", "Steele, Richard", "McKee, Jeff", "Muscroft-Taylor, Andrew", "Ameratunga, Shanthi", "Medlicott, Natalie", "Das, Shyamal", "Rolleston, William", "Quinones-Mateu, Miguel", "Petousis-Harris, Helen", "Jordan, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438383", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a new zoonotic disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Since its emergence in Wuhan City, China, the virus has rapidly spread across the globe causing calamitous health, economic and societal consequences. It causes disproportionately severe disease in the elderly and those with co-morbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes. There is currently no proven treatment for COVID-19 and a safe and effective vaccine is at least a year away. The virus gains access to the respiratory epithelium through cell surface angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The receptor binding domain (RBD) of the virus is unlikely to mutate without loss of pathogenicity and thus represents an attractive target for antiviral treatment. Inhaled modified recombinant human ACE2, may bind SARS-CoV-2 and mitigate lung damage. This decoy strategy is unlikely to provoke an adverse immune response and may reduce morbidity and mortality in high-risk groups."}, {"pmid": 32247631, "pmcid": "PMC7110296", "title": "Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Cheng, Yichun", "Luo, Ran", "Wang, Kun", "Zhang, Meng", "Wang, Zhixiang", "Dong, Lei", "Li, Junhua", "Yao, Ying", "Ge, Shuwang", "Xu, Gang"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247631", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease outbreak occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and rapidly spread to other areas worldwide. Although diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure were the main features, the involvement of other organs needs to be explored. Since information on kidney disease in patients with COVID-19 is limited, we determined the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with COVID-19. Further, we evaluated the association between markers of abnormal kidney function and death in patients with COVID-19. This was a prospective cohort study of 701 patients with COVID-19 admitted in a tertiary teaching hospital that also encompassed three affiliates following this major outbreak in Wuhan in 2020 of whom 113 (16.1%) died in hospital. Median age of the patients was 63 years (interquartile range, 50-71), including 367 men and 334 women. On admission, 43.9% of patients had proteinuria and 26.7% had hematuria. The prevalence of elevated serum creatinine, elevated blood urea nitrogen and estimated glomerular filtration under 60 ml/min/1.73m2 were 14.4, 13.1 and 13.1%, respectively. During the study period, AKI occurred in 5.1% patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with kidney disease had a significantly higher risk for in-hospital death. Cox proportional hazard regression confirmed that elevated baseline serum creatinine (hazard ratio: 2.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.36-3.26), elevated baseline blood urea nitrogen (3.97, 2.57-6.14), AKI stage 1 (1.90, 0.76-4.76), stage 2 (3.51, 1.49-8.26), stage 3 (4.38, 2.31-8.31), proteinuria 1+ (1.80, 0.81-4.00), 2+\u223c3+ (4.84, 2.00-11.70), and hematuria 1+ (2.99, 1.39-6.42), 2+\u223c3+ (5.56,2.58- 12.01) were independent risk factors for in-hospital death after adjusting for age, sex, disease severity, comorbidity and leukocyte count. Thus, our findings show the prevalence of kidney disease on admission and the development of AKI during hospitalization in patients with COVID-19 is high and is associated with in-hospital mortality. Hence, clinicians should increase their awareness of kidney disease in patients with severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32268212, "pmcid": "PMC7131471", "title": "Corona (COVID-19) time musings: Our involvement in COVID-19 pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and vaccine planning.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Shoenfeld, Yehuda"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268212", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388451, "pmcid": "PMC7191299", "title": "COVID-19 occurring during Natalizumab treatment: a case report in a patient with extended interval dosing approach.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Borriello, Giovanna", "Ianniello, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388451", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which was identified after a recent outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has generated a global pandemic impacting over 200 countries around the world. Recent reports suggest that ACE2, which is the target protein to invade the host, has a ubiquitous presence in human organs, including lung parenchyma, gastrointestinal tract, nasal mucosa, renal and urinary tract, airway epithelia, lymphoid tissues, reproductive organs, vascular endothelium and neurons. In this scenario, neurologists are particularly involved into considering even more specific therapeutic strategies according to the available data during the pandemic. In particular, MS patients are usually receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) with immunosuppressant or immunomodulatory effects, which increase the risk of infections and morbidity, compared with the general population. Development of PML or other serious opportunistic infections during treatment with natalizumab forces to consider whether de-risking strategies are needed in this particular context and how to manage a high-efficacy treatment. In this paper we report on a patient treated with natalizumab for relapsing MS who developed COVID-19 and recovered in a few days without complications. After recovery natalizumab has been administered in the window of the extended interval dosing (EID), without reporting any worsening or new symptoms. This case supports the opportunity to avoid discontinuing or delaying the retreatment over 8 weeks in patients recovered from a recent COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32525099, "title": "Responding to COVID-19 in Hong Kong.", "journal": "Hong Kong Med J", "authors": ["To, K K W", "Yuen, K Y"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525099", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505792, "title": "Healthcare Personnel Exposure to a Patient with Asymptomatic SARS-CoV2 Infection during a Prolonged Surgical Intervention.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Lucar, Jose", "Navalkele, Bhagyashri", "Becker, Blake P", "Reed, Chris D", "Parham, Jason"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is ongoing debate regarding the role of aerosols in the transmission of SARS-CoV2 in the healthcare environment. Here we report a case in which multiple operating room healthcare providers were exposed to a patient with asymptomatic SARS-CoV2 infection during a prolonged orthopedic surgical intervention and had no evidence of COVID-19 during the 14-day post-exposure period."}, {"pmid": 32145715, "title": "[A case report of aplastic anemia accompanied with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wu, T", "Kang, S C", "Feng, W", "Fu, H", "Zhu, X H", "Wang, X J", "Dai, P J", "Wang, T H", "Bai, H", "Xi, R", "Zhang, Q", "Xue, X", "Xiang, D W"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145715", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399902, "pmcid": "PMC7215128", "title": "[Pandemic and Epidemic History as Nursing History?]", "journal": "NTM", "authors": ["Nolte, Karen"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399902", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper is part of Forum COVID-19: Perspectives in the Humanities and Social Sciences. In the current COVID\u00a019 pandemic, the importance of professional nursing is widely recognized. In German-speaking and international research, the history of nursing during pandemics and epidemics is largely unwritten. This paper gives an overview of questions and results in this research area and discusses the potential of a\u00a0pandemic nursing history."}, {"pmid": 32474885, "pmcid": "PMC7260446", "title": "Cytokine storm in COVID-19: pathogenesis and overview of anti-inflammatory agents used in treatment.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Soy, Mehmet", "Keser, Gokhan", "Atagunduz, Pamir", "Tabak, Fehmi", "Atagunduz, Isik", "Kayhan, Servet"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474885", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 infection has a heterogenous disease course; it may be asymptomatic or causes only mild symptoms in the majority of the cases, while immunologic complications such as macrophage activation syndrome also known as secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, resulting in cytokine storm syndrome and acute\u00a0respiratory distress syndrome, may also occur in some patients. According to current literature, impairment of SARS-CoV-2 clearance due to genetic and viral features, lower levels of interferons, increased neutrophil extracellular traps, and increased pyroptosis and probable other unknown mechanisms create a background for severe disease course complicated by macrophage activation syndrome and cytokine storm. Various genetic mutations may also constitute a risk factor for severe disease course and occurrence of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Once, immunologic complications like cytokine storm occur, anti-viral treatment alone is not enough and should be combined with appropriate anti-inflammatory treatment. Anti-rheumatic drugs, which are tried for managing immunologic complications of COVID-19 infection, will also be discussed including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, JAK inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, IL-1 inhibitors, anti-TNF-\u03b1 agents, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and colchicine. Early recognition and appropriate treatment of immunologic complications will decrease the morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 infection, which requires the collaboration of infectious disease, lung, and intensive care unit specialists with other experts such as immunologists, rheumatologists, and hematologists."}, {"pmid": 32467810, "pmcid": "PMC7250517", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Cancer Patients.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Cancarevic, Ivan", "Tathineni, Praveena", "Malik, Bilal Haider"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become the most talked-about clinical entity in early 2020. As an infection that spreads easily and has a significant mortality rate, it has caused global panic rarely seen before. Many of the measures taken by governments worldwide will have long-lasting impacts on the wellbeing of the population at large. It has been widely reported that the most vulnerable patients have been most negatively affected by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). In this study, we have tried to search the currently available data on the outcomes of infected cancer patients. Most of the data points to the very challenging nature of treating such patients. Their overall outcomes seem to be worse than in the general population, and it may be difficult to differentiate which potential complications are a result of the primary oncologic disease versus the infection. Management presents its own set of challenges, including but not limited to, deciding whether postponing cancer treatment until the infection resolves is going to benefit the patient and how to organize all aspects of patient care when social contact is as limited as it is for patients newly diagnosed with COVID-19. We believe that as more data becomes available, it is going to be necessary to publish detailed guidelines on how to approach this unique clinical challenge."}, {"pmid": 32343086, "title": "Pandemic Uncertainty: Considerations for Nephrology Nurses.", "journal": "Nephrol Nurs J", "authors": ["Harwood, Lori"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343086", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a situation of great magnitude that most of us have not experienced in our lifetime. Pandemics are widespread, affecting many geographical areas, and uncertainty is inherent given the rapidly changing situations. As nurses in dialysis providing a life-sustaining therapy, we are required to provide an essential service during pandemics and need to thrive in the uncertainty. This article offers points for consideration that can assist nephrology nurses in their approach to these uncertain times."}, {"pmid": 32526265, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on surgical residency programs in Pakistan; A residents' perspective. Do programs need formal restructuring to adjust with the \"new normal\"? A cross-sectional survey study.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Osama, Muhammad", "Zaheer, Farhan", "Saeed, Hasham", "Anees, Khadija", "Jawed, Qirat", "Syed, Sohaib Hasan", "Sheikh, Bashir A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526265", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to high-risk exposure of surgical residents to coronavirus, surgical residency programs have changed their training methods and working hours drastically. The purpose of this study is to find out the positive and negative impacts of the pandemic on surgical residency programs and on the lives of surgical residents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 112 surgical residents of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan, with a mean age of 30.5 years from all the departments of surgery using a self-made, validated 40-point questionnaire comprising three sections. The last section also included modified Maslach Burnout inventory. Of all the residents, 97 (86.6%) stated that their surgical hands-on duration is adversely affected by the pandemic. As for clinical exposure, 92 (82.1%) trainees responded that their clinical exposure is affected too. Among all the subjects, 69 (61%) were concerned about transmitting it to their family members and 43 (38.4%) affirmed on being afraid of dying because of their direct exposure. On the brighter side, the average number of working hours per week for surgical residents were reduced from 81.10\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.21 to 49.16\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.25 (p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) due to the outbreak. Modified Maslach Burnout inventory score was 8.33\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.34 after the outbreak, showing statistically significant reduction in burnout among the surgical residents (p\u00a0<\u00a00.001). The changes in the surgical residency programs amidst the pandemic has reduced the working hours, hands-on and clinical exposure of the surgical residents. Moreover, the situation has provided an opportunity to explore efficient methods of learning that can lead to lesser burnout. However, psychological burdens of surgical residents like fear of acquiring the infection should be appropriately addressed."}, {"pmid": 32395669, "pmcid": "PMC7207168", "title": "Effectiveness of CBCT imaging during radiotherapy for the detection of initial COVID-19 lung disease.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Sepulcri, M", "Paronetto, C", "El Khouzai, B", "Novo, A", "Aldegheri, V", "Scaggion, A", "Fusella, M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395669", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267771, "title": "The Randomized Embedded Multifactorial Adaptive Platform for Community-acquired Pneumonia (REMAP-CAP) Study: Rationale and Design.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Angus, Derek C", "Berry, Scott", "Lewis, Roger J", "Al-Beidh, Farah", "Arabi, Yaseen", "van Bentum-Puijk, Wilma", "Bhimani, Zahra", "Bonten, Marc", "Broglio, Kristine", "Brunkhorst, Frank", "Cheng, Allen C", "Chiche, Jean-Daniel", "De Jong, Menno", "Detry, Michelle", "Goossens, Herman", "Gordon, Anthony", "Green, Cameron", "Higgins, Alisa M", "Hullegie, Sebastiaan J", "Kruger, Peter", "Lamontagne, Francois", "Litton, Edward", "Marshall, John", "McGlothlin, Anna", "McGuinness, Shay", "Mouncey, Paul", "Murthy, Srinivas", "Nichol, Alistair", "O'Neill, Genevieve K", "Parke, Rachael", "Parker, Jane", "Rohde, Gernot", "Rowan, Kathryn", "Turner, Anne", "Young, Paul", "Derde, Lennie", "McArthur, Colin", "Webb, Steven A"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267771", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is broad interest in improved methods to generate robust evidence regarding best practice, especially in settings where patient conditions are heterogenous and require multiple concomitant therapies. Here, we present the rationale and design of a large, international trial that combines features of adaptive platform trials with pragmatic point-of-care trials to determine best treatment strategies for patients admitted to an intensive care unit with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The trial uses a novel design entitled a randomized embedded multifactorial adaptive platform (REMAP). The design has 5 key features: i.) randomization, allowing robust causal inference; ii.) embedding of study procedures into routine care processes, facilitating enrollment, trial efficiency, and generalizability; iii.) a multifactorial statistical model comparing multiple interventions across multiple patient subgroups; iv.) response-adaptive randomization with preferential assignment to those interventions that appear most favorable, and v.) a platform structured to permit continuous, potentially perpetual enrollment beyond the evaluation of the initial treatments. The trial randomizes patients to multiple interventions within 4 treatment domains: antibiotics, antiviral therapy for influenza, host immunomodulation with extended macrolide therapy, and alternative corticosteroid regimens, representing 240 treatment regimens. The trial generates estimates of superiority, inferiority and equivalence between regimens on the primary outcome of 90-day mortality, stratified by presence or absence of concomitant shock and proven or suspected influenza infection. The trial will also compare ventilatory and oxygenation strategies and has capacity to address additional questions rapidly during pandemic respiratory infections. As of January 2020, REMAP-CAP was approved and enrolling patients in 52 ICUs in 13 countries in 3 continents. In February, it transitioned into pandemic mode with several design adaptations for COVID-19 disease. Lessons learned from the design and conduct of this trial should aid in dissemination of similar platform initiatives in other disease areas. Clinical trial registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02735707)."}, {"pmid": 32182409, "pmcid": "PMC7121658", "title": "Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["van Doremalen, Neeltje", "Bushmaker, Trenton", "Morris, Dylan H", "Holbrook, Myndi G", "Gamble, Amandine", "Williamson, Brandi N", "Tamin, Azaibi", "Harcourt, Jennifer L", "Thornburg, Natalie J", "Gerber, Susan I", "Lloyd-Smith, James O", "de Wit, Emmie", "Munster, Vincent J"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32182409", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233973, "title": "Implications for Online Management: Two Cases with COVID-19.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Huang, Sufang", "Xiao, Yaru", "Yan, Li", "Deng, Juan", "He, Mei", "Lu, Jun", "Ke, Shun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233973", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    Satisfactory outcome was observed in one mild case and one severe case of COVID-19 pneumonia after the use of the online/offline multidisciplinary quarantine observation form, online monitoring, and classified diagnosis and treatment, as well as strict compliance with quarantine measures. Conditions of both patients were improved, and cross-infection and disease onset clustering were not observed. The multidisciplinary self-quarantine model provides early judgment, identification, and treatment of disease, improves compliance with early rehabilitation, increases confidence in recovery, and enhances self-management capabilities. This model is applicable to the current novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic and can actively promote the management of suspected or confirmed mild cases, monitoring of critical cases, and self-management of discharged patients. The application of this new management model is worthy of being promoted in our specialized treatment facilities and in countries with severe epidemics.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32223839, "title": "[Epidemiology and clinical features of highly pathogenic human coronavirus infection in children].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Long, X R", "Zhu, J", "Zhao, R Q", "Xu, H M"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223839", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377486, "pmcid": "PMC7198080", "title": "How Essential Is to Focus on Physician's Health and Burnout in Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic?", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Shah, Kaushal", "Chaudhari, Gaurav", "Kamrai, Dhwani", "Lail, Amindeep", "Patel, Rikinkumar S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377486", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An infection of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) that originated from Wuhan city of China in December 2019 converted rapidly into pandemic by March 11, 2020. To date, the number of confirmed cases and deaths has risen exponentially in more than 200 countries, with an estimated crude mortality ratio of at least over 2%. The unpreparedness to tackle the unprecedented situation of coronavirus has contributed to the rising number of cases, which has generated an immense sense of fear and anxiety amongst the public. It has further resulted in the inadequacy and unavailability of essential medical supplies, physicians, and healthcare workers (HCW). Although the chief focus is on minimizing transmission through prevention, combating infection, and saving lives by ramping up the development of treatment and vaccines, very little attention is on the critical issue of physician burnout, resident burnout, and the psychological well-being of HCW. Until now, no significant steps have been taken by the authorities to minimize the COVID-19 specific contributing factors for burnout. The COVID-19 has posed strain on the entire healthcare system already, and it is vital to remediate the issue of physician and resident burnout urgently with concrete actions to avoid subsequent potential short-term and long-term adverse implications."}, {"pmid": 32449034, "pmcid": "PMC7245989", "title": "Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Bianco, F", "Incollingo, P", "Grossi, U", "Gallo, G"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449034", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is highly challenging for the operating room staff and healthcare workers in emergency departments. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA beta-coronavirus that primarily targets the human respiratory system, with fever, cough, myalgia, and pneumonia as the most common manifestations. However, since SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool specimens much more attention has been paid to gastrointestinal symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea, and diarrhea. Furthermore, the expression of ACE-2 receptors in absorptive enterocytes from ileum and colon suggests that these organs should also be considered as a potential high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. During aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP; e.g. intubating and extubating patients or any surgical procedures), the production of both airborne particles and droplets may increase the risk of infection. In this situation, the surgical staff is strongly recommended to wear personal protective equipment (PPE). A transparent plastic cube, the so-called \"Aerosol Box\" (AB), has been recently designed to lend further protection against droplets and aerosol exposure during the AGMP."}, {"pmid": 32481333, "title": "CT manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 of imported infection versus second-generation infection in patients outside the original district (Wuhan, China) of this disease: An observational study.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Wu, Yu-Ping", "Cao, Jin-Ming", "Chen, Tian-Wu", "Li, Rui", "Liu, Feng-Jun", "Zeng, Yue", "Zhang, Xiao-Ming", "Mu, Qi-Wen", "Li, Hong-Jun"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481333", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the discrepancy in computed tomography (CT) manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients outside the original district (Wuhan, China) between cases with imported infection and second-generation infection, 22 patients with COVID-19 from 2 hospitals in Nanchong, China, 938 km away from the original district (Wuhan, China) of this disease were enrolled. All patients underwent initial and follow-up CT after admission during the treatment, and were divided into 2 groups. Group A and B were composed of 15 patients with a history of exposure to the original district (Wuhan, China) in short-term (i.e., imported infection), and 7 with a close contact with the patients with confirmed COVID-19 or with the healthy individuals from the original district (i.e., second-generation infection), respectively. Initial CT features including extent score and density score between groups were statistically compared. We found that all patients in group A and 3 of 7 patients in group B had abnormal CT findings while 4 of 7 patients in group B had not. Patients with abnormal CT findings were more frequent in group A than in group B (P\u200a<\u200a.05). On initial CT, pure ground glass opacity (GGO), and GGO with consolidation and/or other abnormalities were found in 20% (3/15) and 80% (12/15) patients in group A, respectively, while 1 (14.3%), 2 (28.6%), and 4 (57.1%) had pure GGOs, GGO with focal consolidation, and normal CT appearances in Group B, respectively. Patients with extent and density scores of \u22655 were more frequent in group A than in group B (all P-values\u200a<\u200a.01). Additionally, 3 of 4 (75%) patients with normal initial CT findings had focal pure GGO lesions on follow-up. In conclusion, COVID-19 in patients with a history of exposure to the original district can be severer than with the second-generation infection on CT."}, {"pmid": 32505009, "pmcid": "PMC7245313", "title": "ADAMTS13 activity, von Willebrand factor, factor VIII and D-dimers in COVID-19 inpatients.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Escher, R", "Breakey, N", "Lammle, B"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505009", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501747, "title": "Usefulness of a Telemedicine Tool TELEA in the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Rabunal, Ramon", "Suarez-Gil, Roi", "Golpe, Rafael", "Martinez-Garcia, Monica", "Gomez-Mendez, Raquel", "Romay-Lema, Eva", "Perez-Lopez, Antia", "Rodriguez-Alvarez, Ana", "Bal-Alvaredo, Mercedes"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501747", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                    The usefulness of telemedicine in the management of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not been evaluated.\n                        Methods:\n                    We conducted a descriptive study of the process of recruitment and follow-up of patients using a telemedicine tool (TELEA) in the management of patients at risk, in a rural environment with a dispersed population in Lugo in north western Spain.\n                        Results:\n                    A large number of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection (N\u2009=\u2009545) were evaluated. Of this group, 275 had comorbidities and were enrolled in the program, with a mean age of 57.6\u2009\u00b1\u200916.3 years, 43.1% male. The risk factors were hypertension (38%), diabetes (16%), asthma (9.5%), heart disease (8.8%), and immunosuppression (5.1%). Patients were followed through the platform with daily control of symptoms and vital signs. Only 8% were admitted to the hospital, 5.1% on a scheduled basis and 2.9% through the emergency room.\n                        Conclusion:\n                    The telemedicine tool TELEA is useful for the management of high-risk patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32324103, "pmcid": "PMC7233384", "title": "Acute Pulmonary Embolism Associated with COVID-19 Pneumonia Detected by Pulmonary CT Angiography.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Grillet, Franck", "Behr, Julien", "Calame, Paul", "Aubry, Sebastien", "Delabrousse, Eric"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324103", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433641, "pmcid": "PMC7237878", "title": "Potential differential effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on SARS-CoV-2 infection and lung injury in COVID-19.", "journal": "Hypertens Res", "authors": ["Furuhashi, Masato", "Moniwa, Norihito", "Takizawa, Hideki", "Ura, Nobuyuki", "Shimamoto, Kazuaki"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433641", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438256, "pmcid": "PMC7189856", "title": "The diagnosis of pandemic coronavirus pneumonia: A review of radiology examination and laboratory test.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Zheng, Zhong", "Yao, Zhixian", "Wu, Ke", "Zheng, Junhua"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438256", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), epidemic prevention strategies have been implemented worldwide. For the sake of controlling the infectious coronavirus pneumonia, early diagnosis and quarantine play an imperative role. Currently, the mainstream diagnostic methods are imaging and laboratory diagnosis, which differ in their efficacy of diagnosis. To compare the detection rate, we reviewed numerous literature on pneumonia caused by coronaviruses (SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2) and analyzed two different ways of diagnosis. The results showed that the detection rate of computed tomography (CT) diagnosis was significantly higher than that of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) (P = 0.00697). Still, clinicians should combine radiology and laboratory methods to achieve a higher detection rate, so that instant isolation and treatment could be effectively conducted to curb the rampant spread of the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32527345, "title": "[Clinical analysis of 23 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Xinyang City of Henan Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Xu, Ming", "Li, Mengdie", "Zhan, Weiqiang", "Han, Tao", "Liu, Litao", "Zhang, Guosheng", "Lu, Yibin"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527345", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), so as to provide basis for clinical diagnosis. The epidemiology, clinical symptoms, laboratory and radiologic data of 23 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Fifth People's Hospital of Xinyang City from January 22nd to January 29th, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There was 23 patients with COVID-19, with 15 men and 8 women, and the median age was 46.0 (40.5, 52.0) years old (ranged from 27 years old to 80 years old). Nine patients had basic disease (39.1%), including hypertension (17.4%), cardiovascular diseases (17.4%), diabetes (8.7%), hypothyroidism (4.3%) and past history of tuberculosis (4.3%). All the 23 patients had contact history in Wuhan area or with confirmed cases. Clinical symptoms included fever (100%), cough (69.6%), expectoration (43.5%), myalgia (26.1%), headache (17.4%) and dyspnea (17.4%), and the less common symptom was diarrhea (4.3%). Blood routine tests showed leukocytopenia in 11 patients (47.8%), normal leukocyte counts in 10 patients (43.5%), and leukocytosis in 2 patients (8.7%); lymphopenia was found in 13 patients (56.5%). All 23 patients had different degrees of infective lesions in chest CT, with 7 patients (30.4%) on one side and 16 patients (69.6%) on both sides. There were 19 mild patients, 4 severe patients, and no critical or death case. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (17.4%). No patient was reported with liver, kidney or heart dysfunction or secondary infection. Epidemic history of contact, fever, pneumonia signs of chest CT, normal or decreased count of leukocyte and lymphopenia are the clinical basis for diagnosis of COVID-19. However, at present, the treatment of patients has not been completed, and the effective treatment strategy and final prognosis are unclear."}, {"pmid": 32404463, "pmcid": "PMC7219809", "title": "COVID-19: early reflections.", "journal": "Can Fam Physician", "authors": ["Lemire, Francine"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404463", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434963, "title": "2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: SOS Alert for Dentists.", "journal": "J Contemp Dent Pract", "authors": ["Vidya, G S", "Patil, Shankargouda", "Raj, A Thirumal"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434963", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 31, 2020, novel coronavirus (nCoV), a zoonotic virus yet to be identified into the taxonomy, created a powerful ripple through mankind that the World Health Organization has declared a global health emergency.1 This is definitely not the first time that an alarm has been rung by this family of viruses. Epidemic impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to SARS CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) by MERS CoV has engraved their place in the scientific literature.2 In general, CoV is known to cause respiratory diseases in humans and accounts for one-third of common cold infections.3 The current outbreak by 2019 nCoV in the Chinese city of Wuhan began in December 2019, has infected nearly 102,188 with 3,491 deaths reported as of March 7, 2020, and has spread to nearly 92 countries.1,4 An assumed incubation period between 2 and 14 days, with flu-like symptoms, may progress into severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome which may be the reason for mortality.5,6."}, {"pmid": 32373393, "pmcid": "PMC7198415", "title": "Rapid and Sensitive Detection of COVID-19 Using CRISPR/Cas12a-based Detection with Naked Eye Readout, CRISPR/Cas12a-NER.", "journal": "Sci Bull (Beijing)", "authors": ["Wang, Xinjie", "Zhong, Mingtian", "Liu, Yong", "Ma, Peixiang", "Dang, Lu", "Meng, Qingzhou", "Wan, Wenwei", "Ma, Xiaodong", "Liu, Jia", "Yang, Guang", "Yang, Zifeng", "Huang, Xingxu", "Liu, Ming"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373393", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227627, "pmcid": "PMC7104635", "title": "Letter to the editor: Headline stress disorder caused by Netnews during the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Expect", "authors": ["Dong, Mengyuan", "Zheng, Jin"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227627", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319444, "title": "[Between intensive care and palliative care at the time of CoViD-19.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Romano, Massimo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319444", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic infection caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 has determined a severe imbalance between demand and actual supply of intensive care. The shortage of intensive care units (ICU) beds and ventilators for the treatment of patients with severe respiratory failure produced angst in the clinicians/intensivists who have to decide which patients admit to ICU and in which patients to implement palliative care. They have to apply specific clinical and ethical criteria, in emergency conditions. Proportionality and appropriateness criteria should be integrated with equity, equality, utility criteria, widening the distributive justice concept from the right of the patient to receive all available therapies to a right resources allocation during shortage, guided by public health ethic. The clinical criteria should include the disease severity, the number and severity of comorbidities, frailty, the organ failures and their stage, the patient's age, the functional autonomy and cognitive status. Consequently the first come-first served rule to ICU admission should not be applied. The patients not admitted to ICU due to clinical reasons and advanced stage diseases should receive a high quality palliative care, to obtain a good symptoms control (mainly dyspnea, anxiety and delirium) and to implement palliative sedation at the end of life. Finally particular attention should be paid to the bereavement management of the family/caregivers and in the right approach of psychological problems and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder of health workers involved in the pandemia."}, {"pmid": 32307115, "pmcid": "PMC7142687", "title": "Anaesthesia and COVID-19: infection control.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Odor, Peter M", "Neun, Maximilian", "Bampoe, Sohail", "Clark, Sam", "Heaton, Daniel", "Hoogenboom, Emilie M", "Patel, Anil", "Brown, Michael", "Kamming, Damon"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307115", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently facing an unprecedented healthcare crisis caused by a pandemic novel beta coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The pathogen is spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets exposure and contact transfer, causing mild symptoms in the majority of cases, but critical illness, bilateral viral pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a minority. Currently, controlling infection to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary public healthcare intervention used. The pace of transmission and global scale of SARS-CoV-2 infections has implications for strategic oversight, resource management, and responsiveness in infection control. This article presents a summary of learning points in epidemiological infection control from the SARS epidemic, alongside a review of evidence connecting current understanding of the virologic and environmental contamination properties of SARS-CoV-2. We present suggestions for how personal protective equipment policies relate to the viral pandemic context and how the risk of transmission by and to anaesthetists, intensivists, and other healthcare workers can be minimised."}, {"pmid": 32382684, "pmcid": "PMC7202807", "title": "The mutual effects of COVID-19 and obesity.", "journal": "Obes Med", "authors": ["Abbas, Ahmed M", "Fathy, Safaa K", "Fawzy, Andro T", "Salem, Amera S", "Shawky, Mario S"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382684", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022The rate of obesity was increased during this era of the COVID-19 epidemic.\u2022Obesity is dangerous in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32448034, "title": "Identification of phytochemical inhibitors against main protease of COVID-19 using molecular modeling approaches.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Kumar, Anuj", "Choudhir, Gourav", "Shukla, Sanjeev Kumar", "Sharma, Mansi", "Tyagi, Pankaj", "Bhushan, Arvind", "Rathore, Madhu"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448034", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel corona virus that causes corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 rapidly spread across the nations with high mortality rate even as very little is known to contain the virus at present. In the current study, we report novel natural metabolites namely, ursolic acid, carvacrol and oleanolic acid as the potential inhibitors against main protease (Mpro) of COVID-19 by using integrated molecular modeling approaches. From a combination of molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, we found three ligands bound to protease during 50\u2009ns of MD simulations. Furthermore, the molecular mechanic/generalized/Born/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/G/P/BSA) free energy calculations showed that these chemical molecules have stable and favourable energies causing strong binding with binding site of Mpro protein. All these three molecules, namely, ursolic acid, carvacrol and oleanolic acid, have passed the ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) property as well as Lipinski's rule of five. The study provides a basic foundation and suggests that the three phytochemicals, viz. ursolic acid, carvacrol and oleanolic acid could serve as potential inhibitors in regulating the Mpro protein's function and controlling viral replication. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32456691, "pmcid": "PMC7250273", "title": "Essential ICU drug shortages for COVID-19: what can frontline clinicians do?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Siow, Wen Ting", "Tang, Simeon H", "Agrawal, Rohit Vijay", "Tan, Addy Y H", "See, Kay Choong"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456691", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513860, "title": "A Public Health Laboratory Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Pabbaraju, Kanti", "Wong, Anita A", "Douesnard, Mark", "Ma, Raymond", "Gill, Kara", "Dieu, Paul", "Fonseca, Kevin", "Zelyas, Nathan", "Tipples, Graham A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513860", "countries": ["China", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) began in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019, and spread rapidly worldwide. The response by the Alberta Precision Laboratories, Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta, Canada, included the development and implementation of nucleic acid detection based assays and dynamic changes in testing protocols for the identification of cases as the epidemic curve increased exponentially. This rapid response was essential to slow down and contain transmission and provide valuable time to the local health authorities to prepare appropriate response strategies. As of May 24, 2020, 236,077 specimens were tested with 6475 (2.74%) positives detected in the province of Alberta, Canada. Several commercial assays are now available; however, the response from commercial vendors to develop and market validated tests is a time-consuming process. In addition, the massive global demand made it difficult to secure a reliable commercial supply of testing kits and reagents.A public health laboratory serves a unique and important role in the delivery of health care. One of its functions is to anticipate and prepare for novel emerging pathogens with a plan for pandemic preparedness. Here we outline the response that involved the development and deployment of testing methodologies that evolved as SARS-CoV-2 spread world-wide, the challenges encountered, and mitigation strategies. We also provide insight into the organizational structure of how a public health response is coordinated in Alberta and its benefits."}, {"pmid": 32292256, "pmcid": "PMC7102609", "title": "Working through the COVID-19 outbreak: Rapid review and recommendations for MSK and allied heath personnel.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Viswanath, Aparna", "Monga, Puneet"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292256", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the world to undergo unprecedented change in a short space of time. This disease has devastated the economy, infringed personal freedom, and has taken a toll on healthcare systems worldwide. This review aims to highlight aspects of this pandemic with a specific emphasis on musculoskeletal work within the secondary care setting."}, {"pmid": 32439187, "pmcid": "PMC7205617", "title": "An unusual case of severe acute hyponatremia in patient with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Nefrologia", "authors": ["De La Flor Merino, Jose Carlos", "Mola Reyes, Laura", "Linares Gravalos, Tania", "Roel Conde, Ana", "Rodeles Del Pozo, Miguel"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439187", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393597, "title": "Keeping lupus patients on hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Littlejohn, Emily"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393597", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is in short supply as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, presenting a challenge to rheumatologists to ensure their patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) continue to take this essential drug. HCQ is the only SLE treatment shown to increase survival and any change in the HCQ regimen is potentially dangerous. Changes in the HCQ regimen should be made jointly with the patient after a discussion of the available evidence and expert opinion and the patient's preferences. Providers need to make thoughtful, informed decisions in this time of medication shortage."}, {"pmid": 32383763, "pmcid": "PMC7239204", "title": "Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and cardiac disease in Northern Italy.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Inciardi, Riccardo M", "Adamo, Marianna", "Lupi, Laura", "Cani, Dario S", "Di Pasquale, Mattia", "Tomasoni, Daniela", "Italia, Leonardo", "Zaccone, Gregorio", "Tedino, Chiara", "Fabbricatore, Davide", "Curnis, Antonio", "Faggiano, Pompilio", "Gorga, Elio", "Lombardi, Carlo M", "Milesi, Giuseppe", "Vizzardi, Enrico", "Volpini, Marco", "Nodari, Savina", "Specchia, Claudia", "Maroldi, Roberto", "Bezzi, Michela", "Metra, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383763", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and outcomes of patients with and without concomitant cardiac disease, hospitalized for COVID-19 in Brescia, Lombardy, Italy. The study population includes 99 consecutive patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to our hospital between 4 March and 25 March 2020. Fifty-three patients with a history of cardiac disease were compared with 46 without cardiac disease. Among cardiac patients, 40% had a history of heart failure, 36% had atrial fibrillation, and 30% had coronary artery disease. Mean age was 67 \u00b1 12 years, and 80 (81%) patients were males. No differences were found between cardiac and non-cardiac patients except for higher values of serum creatinine, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide, and high sensitivity troponin T in cardiac patients. During hospitalization, 26% patients died, 15% developed thrombo-embolic events, 19% had acute respiratory distress syndrome, and 6% had septic shock. Mortality was higher in patients with cardiac disease compared with the others (36% vs. 15%, log-rank P = 0.019; relative risk 2.35; 95% confidence interval 1.08-5.09). The rate of thrombo-embolic events and septic shock during the hospitalization was also higher in cardiac patients (23% vs. 6% and 11% vs. 0%, respectively). Hospitalized patients with concomitant cardiac disease and COVID-19 have an extremely poor prognosis compared with subjects without a history of cardiac disease, with higher mortality, thrombo-embolic events, and septic shock rates."}, {"pmid": 32272197, "pmcid": "PMC7139241", "title": "New clinical experiences and evaluation of clinical and paraclinical features of deceased patients with COVID-19 infection referred to Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital of Ilam.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ghaysouri, Abas", "Sadeghifard, Nourkhoda", "Nazari, Ali", "Kalvandi, Gholamreza", "Feizi, Jalil", "Qasemi, Esmail", "Kaffashian, Mohammad Reza", "Borji, Milad", "Kokhazadeh, Taleb", "Tavan, Hamed"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272197", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329539, "pmcid": "PMC7264546", "title": "What ENT doctors should know about COVID-19 contagion risks.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Meccariello, Giuseppe", "Gallo, Oreste"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329539", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439704, "title": "Covid-19 and thrombosis: what do we know about the risks and treatment?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439704", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369612, "title": "Interleukin 6-blockade treatment for severe COVID-19 in two patients with multiple myeloma.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Chaidos, Aristeidis", "Katsarou, Alexia", "Mustafa, Chira", "Milojkovic, Dragana", "Karadimitris, Anastasios"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369612", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450906, "pmcid": "PMC7247289", "title": "Impact of sex and gender on COVID-19 outcomes in Europe.", "journal": "Biol Sex Differ", "authors": ["Gebhard, Catherine", "Regitz-Zagrosek, Vera", "Neuhauser, Hannelore K", "Morgan, Rosemary", "Klein, Sabra L"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450906", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging evidence from China suggests that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is deadlier for infected men than women with a 2.8% fatality rate being reported in Chinese men versus 1.7% in women. Further, sex-disaggregated data for COVID-19 in several European countries show a similar number of cases between the sexes, but more severe outcomes in aged men. Case fatality is highest in men with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions. The mechanisms accounting for the reduced case fatality rate in women are currently unclear but may offer potential to develop novel risk stratification tools and therapeutic options for women and men. The present review summarizes latest clinical and epidemiological evidence for gender and sex differences in COVID-19 from Europe and China. We discuss potential sex-specific mechanisms modulating the course of disease, such as hormone-regulated expression of genes encoding for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) entry receptors angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2 receptor and TMPRSS2 as well as sex hormone-driven innate and adaptive immune responses and immunoaging. Finally, we elucidate the impact of gender-specific lifestyle, health behavior, psychological stress, and socioeconomic conditions on COVID-19 and discuss sex specific aspects of antiviral therapies. The sex and gender disparities observed in COVID-19 vulnerability emphasize the need to better understand the impact of sex and gender on incidence and case fatality of the disease and to tailor treatment according to sex and gender. The ongoing and planned prophylactic and therapeutic treatment studies must include prospective sex- and gender-sensitive analyses."}, {"pmid": 32341774, "pmcid": "PMC7174024", "title": "Correction: Contributions and challenges of general practitioners in China fighting against the novel coronavirus crisis.", "journal": "Fam Med Community Health", "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341774", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1136/fmch-2020-000361.]."}, {"pmid": 32145275, "pmcid": "PMC7094472", "title": "Procalcitonin in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145275", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299780, "pmcid": "PMC7118531", "title": "Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 as the Molecular Bridge Between Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Bombardini, Tonino", "Picano, Eugenio"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299780", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427903, "title": "How to address the coronavirus's outsized toll on people of colour.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Subbaraman, Nidhi"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427903", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292265, "pmcid": "PMC7143201", "title": "Preventive measures and management of COVID-19 in pregnancy.", "journal": "Drugs Ther Perspect", "authors": ["Omer, Sumaira", "Ali, Salamat", "Babar, Zaheer Ud Din"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292265", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255383, "title": "Biological treatment use amid the COVID-19 era, a close look at the unresolved perplexity.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Shanshal, Mohammed"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255383", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429703, "title": "SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) treatment: a patent review.", "journal": "Expert Opin Ther Pat", "authors": ["Nascimento Junior, Jose Adao Carvalho", "Santos, Anamaria Mendonca", "Quintans-Junior, Lucindo Jose", "Walker, Cristiani Isabel Bandero", "Borges, Lysandro Pinto", "Serafini, Mairim Russo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429703", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus has been responsible for several virus outbreaks since 2003, caused by SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and currently SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), the causative agent of coronavirus disease in 2019. COVID-19 has become a global public health emergency because of its high virulence and mortality capacity. This patent review aims to provide an overview of the patents that present possible treatments for SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV. To treat SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2, researchers have filed patents for a number of therapeutic agents. Most of the treatments found were protease inhibitors aimed at proteases such as PLpro, 3\u00a0CLpro, RNA helicase, and Spike protein, or used monoclonal antibodies and interferons. In addition, the use of Chinese folk medicine and its multitude of medicinal plants with strong antiviral properties was reinforced. Thus, these therapies used in previous epidemics can serve as an aid in the new pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 and be a starting point for new treatments. The various antiviral alternatives presented in this review offer therapeutic options to fight coronavirus infections. If shown to be effective, these drugs may be extremely important in the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32530879, "title": "Feasibility of coronavirus disease 2019 eradication.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Zheng, Ya-Li", "He, Yu-Kun", "Ma, Xin-Qian", "Gao, Zhan-Cheng"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530879", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493939, "pmcid": "PMC7267471", "title": "A psychoanalytic view of reactions to the coronavirus pandemic in China.", "journal": "Am J Psychoanal", "authors": ["Blackman, Jerome S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493939", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic, which apparently began in Wuhan in December 2019, and has persisted to the present day, has had several psychological effects in China. The real danger has produced prolonged stress. Large-group phenomena have been stimulated. Overwhelming affects generated by the real danger have led to regression in the stimulus barrier (or \"filter\"). The COVID-19 has also triggered unconscious defensive reactions, including obsessional cleaning, counterphobic behavior, humor, and denial. The nationally imposed home quarantine of millions of families has caused in-home conflicts and neurotic repetitions of unresolved childhood issues. Prior psychiatric illnesses have been exacerbated. Health workers, including psychiatrists, psychologists, and psychoanalysts, have experienced emotional depletion. Finally, in families where there has been infection or death, delayed mourning and post-traumatic phenomena have been observed. In each of these situations, different interventions based on psychoanalytic principles have been useful."}, {"pmid": 32321232, "title": "A man in his nineties with fever and dry cough.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Boren, Hakon Kinck", "Kjostolfsen, Gjertrud Hole", "Aalokken, Trond Mogens", "Latif, Nadim", "Brekke, Hanne", "Lind, Andreas", "Hesstvedt, Liv"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321232", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 can cause a fatal outcome in elderly patients, as this case report illustrates. An active male in his nineties with a high level of function, despite several severe chronic diseases, was admitted to Oslo University Hospital after two days of fatigue, fever, dyspnoea and dry cough. He scored qSOFA 1 of 3\u00a0points due to high respiratory rate, and SIRS 2 of 4\u00a0points due to high respiratory rate and fever of 39.4\u00ba C. PCR for influenza virus was negative and he received benzylpenicillin for pneumonia. The chest X-ray taken initially showed no lung affection. On day 5 after symptom debut he was tested for COVID-19 which was positive. He had not been travelling to high-risk areas or been exposed to any known confirmed COVID-19\u00a0patients. On the same day, a chest CT scan was performed that showed ground-glass opacities. In subsequent days the patient's health rapidly deteriorated. He developed irreversible respiratory failure with hypoxia without hypercapnia despite substantial oxygen support. Chest X-ray taken on disease day 7 showed progression of consolidations. The patient died 9 days after symptom debut. This case illustrates a severe course of COVID-19 with fatal outcome. The patient was also one of the earliest admitted with COVID-19 in a Norwegian hospital and marked a new phase of the epidemic, as he had not been travelling to high-risk areas or been exposed to any confirmed COVID-19\u00a0patients."}, {"pmid": 32289117, "pmcid": "PMC7144842", "title": "Novel decoy cellular vaccine strategy utilizing transgenic antigen-expressing cells as immune presenter and adjuvant in vaccine prototype against SARS-CoV-2 virus.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Ji, Henry", "Yan, Ying", "Ding, Beibei", "Guo, Wenzhong", "Brunswick, Mark", "Niethammer, Andreas", "SooHoo, Williams", "Smith, Robin", "Nahama, Alexis", "Zhang, Yanliang"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289117", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel approach modifying cells to express viral markers to elicit protective immunity responses (decoy cellular vaccination) in the prevention of COVID-19 disease is currently being explored. Our approach entails utilizing SARS-CoV-2 Spike antigen-expressing, non-replicating cells as carriers and presenters of immunogenic antigens, so called \"I-cells\". By using irradiated cells as presenting vehicles of SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens(s) in a cellular context, these presented viral proteins can be recognized by the host immune system, thus, an efficient protective immune response might be elicited. Another advantage of this strategy is that the manufacturing process is scalable and yields uniform cell products allowing for \"off-the-shelf\" frozen supply availability. To prevent engraftment and proliferation of the cells after administration, the cells will be irradiated post-harvesting abolishing in vivo replication potential. Specifically, immunoreactive Spike-1 proteins from SARS-CoV-2 are expressed on the surface of irradiated target I-cells. Utilizing this innovative strategy, these viral antigen-displaying decoy cells will be developed as a vaccine to protect against COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32385986, "title": "[Suggestion for the name and clinical classification of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Ding, Xianfei", "Sun, Tongwen"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385986", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401210, "pmcid": "PMC7236610", "title": "Mining the Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients in China: Analysis of Social Media Posts.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Huang, Chunmei", "Xu, Xinjie", "Cai, Yuyang", "Ge, Qinmin", "Zeng, Guangwang", "Li, Xiaopan", "Zhang, Weide", "Ji, Chen", "Yang, Ling"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401210", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, pneumonia cases of unknown origin were reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Identified as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the number of cases grew rapidly by human-to-human transmission in Wuhan. Social media, especially Sina Weibo (a major Chinese microblogging social media site), has become an important platform for the public to obtain information and seek help. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of suspected or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients who asked for help on Sina Weibo. We conducted data mining on Sina Weibo and extracted the data of 485 patients who presented with clinical symptoms and imaging descriptions of suspected or laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19. In total, 9878 posts seeking help on Sina Weibo from February 3 to 20, 2020 were analyzed. We used a descriptive research methodology to describe the distribution and other epidemiological characteristics of patients with suspected or laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. The distance between patients' home and the nearest designated hospital was calculated using the geographic information system ArcGIS. All patients included in this study who sought help on Sina Weibo lived in Wuhan, with a median age of 63.0 years (IQR 55.0-71.0). Fever (408/485, 84.12%) was the most common symptom. Ground-glass opacity (237/314, 75.48%) was the most common pattern on chest computed tomography; 39.67% (167/421) of families had suspected and/or laboratory-confirmed family members; 36.58% (154/421) of families had 1 or 2 suspected and/or laboratory-confirmed members; and 70.52% (232/329) of patients needed to rely on their relatives for help. The median time from illness onset to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was 8 days (IQR 5.0-10.0), and the median time from illness onset to online help was 10 days (IQR 6.0-12.0). Of 481 patients, 32.22% (n=155) lived more than 3 kilometers away from the nearest designated hospital. Our findings show that patients seeking help on Sina Weibo lived in Wuhan and most were elderly. Most patients had fever symptoms, and ground-glass opacities were noted in chest computed tomography. The onset of the disease was characterized by family clustering and most families lived far from the designated hospital. Therefore, we recommend the following: (1) the most stringent centralized medical observation measures should be taken to avoid transmission in family clusters;\u00a0and (2) social media can help these patients get early attention during Wuhan's lockdown. These findings can help the government and the health department identify high-risk patients and accelerate emergency responses following public demands for help."}, {"pmid": 32390197, "title": "Expecting the unexpected? Improving rural health in the era of bushfires, novel coronavirus and climate change.", "journal": "Aust J Rural Health", "authors": ["Jones, Martin", "Mills, David", "Gray, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315244, "title": "The Technique and Justification for Minimally Invasive Surgery in COVID-19 Pandemic: Laparoscopic Anterior Resection for Near Obstructed Rectal Carcinoma.", "journal": "J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A", "authors": ["Pawar, Tushar", "Pokharkar, Ashish", "Gori, Jayesh", "Pandey, Diwakar", "Rohila, Jitender", "Dsouza, Ashwin", "Saklani, Avanish"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315244", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Introduction:\n                     The recent COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has made surgeons change and take on newer strategies and safe exercises. All elective cases have been put off, but oncology cases need to be done to prevent progression of the disease. There is concern about minimally invasive surgery due to aerosol formation. Here we discuss how we have dealt with this in our colorectal surgery department taking into account current evidence about the danger of viral transmission during laparoscopic surgery. \n                        Discussion:\n                     We report a case of 28 years old female patient with carcinoma rectum. The patient had near total intestinal obstruction. She was operated on utilizing laparoscopic anterior resection. The air seal (CONMED, Utica, NY) and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter was utilized for safe gas evacuation. There is no evidence against laparoscopic surgery, which suggest viral transmission. One should take utmost precautions using N95 masks and personal protective equipment (PPE). Air filtration products like aerosol, HEPA filters will be of great aid in safe evacuation of gases. \n                        Conclusion:\n                     At present, there is no solid evidence to suggest viral transmission through surgical smoke. We believe due to effective smoke containment, less blood loss, and less postoperative stay, laparoscopy will be a non-inferior option than open surgical procedure. We advise taking all precautions for operating room staff to lessen the danger of transmission."}, {"pmid": 32292626, "pmcid": "PMC7102592", "title": "Core Outcome Set for Clinical Trials on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COS-COVID).", "journal": "Engineering (Beijing)", "authors": ["Jin, Xinyao", "Pang, Bo", "Zhang, Junhua", "Liu, Qingquan", "Yang, Zhongqi", "Feng, Jihong", "Liu, Xuezheng", "Zhang, Lei", "Wang, Baohe", "Huang, Yuhong", "Josephine Fauci, Alice", "Ma, Yuling", "Soo Lee, Myeong", "Yuan, Wei'an", "Xie, Yanming", "Tang, Jianyuan", "Gao, Rui", "Du, Liang", "Zhang, Shuo", "Qi, Hanmei", "Sun, Yu", "Zheng, Wenke", "Yang, Fengwen", "Chua, Huizi", "Wang, Keyi", "Ou, Yi", "Huang, Ming", "Zhu, Yan", "Yu, Jiajie", "Tian, Jinhui", "Zhao, Min", "Hu, Jingqing", "Yao, Chen", "Li, Youping", "Zhang, Boli"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292626", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its outbreak in December 2019, a series of clinical trials on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been registered or carried out. However, the significant heterogeneity and less critical outcomes of such trials may be leading to a waste of research resources. This study aimed to develop a core outcome set (COS) for clinical trials on COVID-19 in order to tackle the outcome issues. The study was conducted according to the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) handbook (version 1.0), a guideline for COS development. A research group was set up that included experts in respiratory and critical medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, evidence-based medicine, clinical pharmacology, and statistics, in addition to medical journal editors. Clinical trial registry websites (chictr.org.cn and clinicaltrials.gov) were searched to retrieve clinical trial protocols and outcomes in order to form an outcome pool. A total of 78 clinical trial protocols on COVID-19 were included and 259 outcomes were collected. After standardization, 132 outcomes were identified within seven different categories, of which 58 were selected to develop a preliminary outcome list for further consensus. After two rounds of Delphi survey and one consensus meeting, the most important outcomes for the different clinical classifications of COVID-19 were identified and determined to constitute the COS for clinical trials on COVID-19 (COS-COVID). The COS-COVID includes one outcome for the mild type (time to 2019-nCoV reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negativity), four outcomes for the ordinary type (length of hospital stay, composite events, score of clinical symptoms, and time to 2019-nCoV RT-PCR negativity), five outcomes for the severe type (composite events, length of hospital stay, arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), duration of mechanical ventilation, and time to 2019-nCoV RT-PCR negativity), one outcome for critical type (all-cause mortality), and one outcome for rehabilitation period (pulmonary function). The COS-COVID is currently the most valuable and practical clinical outcome set for the evaluation of intervention effect, and is useful for evidence assessment and decision-making. With a deepening understanding of COVID-19 and application feedback, the COS-COVID should be continuously updated."}, {"pmid": 32421539, "pmcid": "PMC7195086", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019-related dyspnea cases difficult to interpret using chest computed tomography.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Nie, Shuke", "Han, Shoumeng", "Ouyang, Huangqing", "Zhang, Zhan"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421539", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) often have clinical characteristics, such as chest tightness and dyspnea. Continuous, unresolved dyspnea often indicates the progression of lung lesions. The mechanism that underlies the chest distress and dyspnea in patients with COVID-19 is still unclear. Chest CT has a higher sensitivity and can play an essential role in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. However, our clinical observations showed that although some patients had significant chest distress and dyspnea, the lesions that were observed in the lungs during computed tomography were milder and not completely consistent with clinical symptoms. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, and imaging findings of these patients. We found that extensive inflammation of the bilateral and respiratory bronchioles in patients with COVID-19 due to excessive activation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemotactic aggregation of T-lymphocytes at the site of inflammation are possible mechanisms underlying chest distress and dyspnea in patients with COVID-19. Short-time and lose-dose use of corticosteroid may be helpful to treat chest tightness and dyspnea in mild COVID-19 patients. Through this study, we aimed to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32427133, "pmcid": "PMC7227528", "title": "For a veterinary help to the Covid-19 diagnosis.", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427133", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249956, "pmcid": "PMC7228372", "title": "Structural variations in human ACE2 may influence its binding with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Hussain, Mushtaq", "Jabeen, Nusrat", "Raza, Fozia", "Shabbir, Sanya", "Baig, Ayesha A", "Amanullah, Anusha", "Aziz, Basma"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249956", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is unarguably the most fearsome compared with the earlier outbreaks caused by other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Human ACE2 is now established as a receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Where variations in the viral spike protein, in turn, lead to the cross-species transmission of the virus, genetic variations in the host receptor ACE2 may also contribute to the susceptibility and/or resistance against the viral infection. This study aims to explore the binding of the proteins encoded by different human ACE2 allelic variants with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Briefly, coding variants of ACE2 corresponding to the reported binding sites for its attachment with coronavirus spike protein were selected and molecular models of these variants were constructed by homology modeling. The models were then superimposed over the native ACE2 and ACE2-spike protein complex, to observe structural changes in the ACE2 variants and their intermolecular interactions with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, respectively. Despite strong overall structural similarities, the spatial orientation of the key interacting residues varies in the ACE2 variants compared with the wild-type molecule. Most ACE2 variants showed a similar binding affinity for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as observed in the complex structure of wild-type ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. However, ACE2 alleles, rs73635825 (S19P) and rs143936283 (E329G) showed noticeable variations in their intermolecular interactions with the viral spike protein. In summary, our data provide a structural basis of potential resistance against SARS-CoV-2 infection driven by ACE2 allelic variants."}, {"pmid": 32380228, "pmcid": "PMC7198201", "title": "Safe Reintroduction of Cardiovascular Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance from North American Societies.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Wood, David A", "Mahmud, Ehtisham", "Thourani, Vinod H", "Sathananthan, Janarthanan", "Virani, Alice", "Poppas, Athena", "Harrington, Robert", "Dearani, Joseph A", "Swaminathan, Madhav", "Russo, Andrea M", "Blankstein, Ron", "Dorbala, Sharmila", "Carr, James", "Virani, Sean", "Gin, Kenneth", "Packard, Alan", "Dilsizian, Vasken", "Legare, Jean-Francois", "Leipsic, Jonathon", "Webb, John G", "Krahn, Andrew D"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380228", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339218, "pmcid": "PMC7197586", "title": "Working schedule, sleep quality and susceptibility to COVID-19 in healthcare workers.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Belingheri, Michael", "Paladino, Maria Emilia", "Riva, Michele Augusto"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339218", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355638, "pmcid": "PMC7192087", "title": "Editorial: Nicotine and SARS-CoV-2: COVID-19 may be a disease of the nicotinic cholinergic system.", "journal": "Toxicol Rep", "authors": ["Farsalinos, Konstantinos", "Niaura, Raymond", "Le Houezec, Jacques", "Barbouni, Anastasia", "Tsatsakis, Aristidis", "Kouretas, Dimitrios", "Vantarakis, Apostolos", "Poulas, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355638", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213305, "pmcid": "PMC7156802", "title": "COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for dengue.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213305", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339971, "pmcid": "PMC7172675", "title": "Pediatric laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A four-center collaborative protocol to improve safety with perioperative management strategies and creation of a surgical tent with disposable drapes.", "journal": "Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Francom, Christian R", "Javia, Luv R", "Wolter, Nikolaus E", "Lee, Gi Soo", "Wine, Todd", "Morrissey, Tyler", "Papsin, Blake C", "Peyton, James M", "Matava, Clyde T", "Volk, Mark S", "Prager, Jeremy D", "Propst, Evan J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339971", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aerosolization procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic place all operating room personnel at risk for exposure. We offer detailed perioperative management strategies and present a specific protocol designed to improve safety during pediatric laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy. Several methods of using disposable drapes for various procedures are described, with the goal of constructing a tent around the patient to decrease widespread contamination of dispersed droplets and generated aerosol. The concepts presented herein are translatable to future situations where aerosol generating procedures increase risk for any pathogenic exposure. This protocol is a collaborative effort based on knowledge gleaned from clinical and simulation experience from Children's Hospital Colorado, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, and Boston Children's Hospital."}, {"pmid": 32479712, "pmcid": "PMC7255391", "title": "An Online Educational Platform in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Yang, Lucy Liu", "Stevens, Jia Liu", "Campbell, Marta Janina"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479712", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267650, "title": "Between Scylla and Charybdis - Oncologic Decision Making in the Time of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Lewis, Mark A"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267650", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347067, "title": "[Optimization of a fluorescent qPCR detection for RNA of SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao", "authors": ["Li, Xuelong", "Liu, Junhua", "Liu, Qianyang", "Yu, Lin", "Wu, Shanshan", "Yin, Xiushan"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347067", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We optimized a fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay system for rapid and real time detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The results show that the lowest dilution of RNA samples used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA could reach 1/10 000 (the initial value is set as 10 ng/\u03bcL). Moreover, the cycle threshold (Ct) for samples of clinically diagnosed COVID-19 was lower than 35 or 40. The sensitivity of this method was satisfactory. The results were consistent with those of the COVID-19 detection kit on the market under the same conditions, but the number of cycles required was shortened by about 2. Therefore, the optimized assay developed in this study can be used in screening and early clinical diagnosis. Our work provides a tool to facilitate rapid clinical diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32434778, "title": "Covid-19: Nearly half of care homes in northeast England have had an outbreak.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434778", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410773, "pmcid": "PMC7221358", "title": "[Guide for follow-up of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Management proposals developed by the French-language Respiratory Medicine Society. Version of 10 May 2020].", "journal": "Rev Mal Respir", "authors": ["Andrejak, C", "Blanc, F-X", "Costes, F", "Crestani, B", "Debieuvre, D", "Perez, T", "Philippe, B", "Plantier, L", "Schlemmer, F", "Sese, L", "Stach, B", "Uzunhan, Y", "Zanetti, C", "Zysman, M", "Raherison, C", "Maitre, B"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410773", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The French-language Respiratory Medicine Society (SPLF) proposes a guide for the follow-up of patients who have presented with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The proposals are based on known data from previous epidemics, on acute lesions observed in SARS-CoV-2 patients and on expert opinion. This guide proposes a follow-up based on three categories of patients: (1) patients managed outside hospital for possible or proven SARS-CoV-2 infection, referred by their physician for persistent dyspnoea; (2) patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a medical unit; (3) patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in an intensive care unit. The subsequent follow-up will have to be adapted to the initial assessment. This guide emphasises the possibility of others causes of dyspnoea (cardiac, thromboembolic, hyperventilation syndrome\u2026). These proposals may evolve over time as more knowledge becomes available."}, {"pmid": 32389516, "pmcid": "PMC7183984", "title": "Reactive psychoses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical perspectives from a case series.", "journal": "Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment", "authors": ["Valdes-Florido, Maria Jose", "Lopez-Diaz, Alvaro", "Palermo-Zeballos, Fernanda Jazmin", "Martinez-Molina, Ivan", "Martin-Gil, Victoria Eugenia", "Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto", "Ruiz-Veguilla, Miguel"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389516", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently undergoing an extremely stressful scenario due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This unexpected and dramatic situation could increase the incidence of mental health problems, among them, psychotic disorders. The aim of this paper was to describe a case series of brief reactive psychosis due to the psychological distress from the current coronavirus pandemic. We report on a case series including all the patients with reactive psychoses in the context of the COVID-19 crisis who were admitted to the Virgen del Roc\u00edo and Virgen Macarena University Hospitals (Seville, Spain) during the first two weeks of compulsory nationwide quarantine. In that short period, four patients met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria for a brief reactive psychotic disorder. All of the episodes were directly triggered by stress derived from the COVID-19 pandemic and half of the patients presented severe suicidal behavior at admission. We may now be witnessing an increasing number of brief reactive psychotic disorders as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This type of psychosis has a high risk of suicidal behavior and, although short-lived, has a high rate of psychotic recurrence and low diagnostic stability over time. Therefore, we advocate close monitoring in both the acute phase and long-term follow-up of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32346394, "pmcid": "PMC7176064", "title": "Additional challenges faced by cancer patients in Gaza due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Ecancermedicalscience", "authors": ["AlWaheidi, Shaymaa", "Sullivan, Richard", "Davies, Elizabeth A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346394", "countries": ["Palestine, State of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cancer patients in conflict settings experience significant barriers in accessing chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as palliative care and psychosocial support. Now they face an additional possible risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus and the indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on movement restrictions and their access to care. In this commentary, we highlight that despite the low COVID-19 burden in conflict settings like Gaza, COVID-19 could lead to further inequity in cancer care and poorer outcomes for Palestinians with cancer. This is due to the pre-existing shortage in cancer resources as well as the lack of context-specific guidelines to prepare for COVID-19 in war-torn settings."}, {"pmid": 32495581, "title": "[Ethical review of clinical study on intervention with traditional Chinese medicine in new public health emergencies].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Gu, Hao", "Wang, Zhi-Fei", "Xie, Yan-Ming"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495581", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "High-quality clinical study on traditional Chinese medicine is of great significance to effectively control new public health emergencies represented by outbreaks of infectious diseases and ensure people's health and safety, but it still faces a series of ethical issues. Based on the seven core values of equity, good deeds, effectiveness, respect for individuals, freedom, reciprocity, and solida-rity proposed in the Guidelines for Management of Ethical Issues in Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases, this article emphasizes the characteristics and laws of clinical studies on traditional Chinese medicine. Main points of ethical review of traditional Chinese medicine were summarized in the aspects of overall concept, syndrome differentiation and treatment, prevention before disease onset, cultural value, and clinical basis. Based on the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), we collected relevant registered Chinese medicine clinical studies, summarized the core issues of the ethics review for COVID-19, and further improved the traditional Chinese medicine ethics review system and resources, so as to better serve ethical review and scientific studies in public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32335855, "pmcid": "PMC7182741", "title": "COVID-19 infection and glucocorticoids: update from the Italian Society of Endocrinology Expert Opinion on steroid replacement in adrenal insufficiency.", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Isidori, A M", "Arnaldi, G", "Boscaro, M", "Falorni, A", "Giordano, C", "Giordano, R", "Pivonello, R", "Pofi, R", "Hasenmajer, V", "Venneri, M A", "Sbardella, E", "Simeoli, C", "Scaroni, C", "Lenzi, A"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335855", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403176, "pmcid": "PMC7272889", "title": "SWAB team instead of SWAT team - students as front-line force during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Klasen, Jennifer M", "Meienberg, Andrea", "Nickel, Christian", "Bingisser, Roland"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403176", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) team is trained to deal with troubling situations. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic confronted health care systems with different challenges. In Europe, the first COVID-19 patients presented in late February 2020. Our region was among the most severely affected in central Europe. Therefore, front-line operations, such as emergency departments (ED), were highly stressed by immediate demand for diagnostic swab-testing, and additional personnel were urgently needed within a short time. In the meantime, clinical activities of medical students (MS) were on hold, and teaching had to be restructured to online formats. However, we expected that MS would benefit tremendously from learning opportunities through active involvement in this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32463077, "title": "The Urgent Need for Medicare Reimbursement for Home Infusion Antibiotics amidst a Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Streifel, Amber C", "Sikka, Monica K"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463077", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services should immediately update current policies to include reimbursement for Medicare patients receiving intravenous antibiotics at home. The majority of these patients are over the age of 65 and at increased risk for severe illness due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Requiring them to travel to an infusion center, stay in a skilled nursing facility or remain in the hospital longer than necessary to receive treatment results in avoidable risk of exposure amidst a pandemic. Current policy has significant implications for increased cost and harm to both these patients and the US healthcare system."}, {"pmid": 32398850, "pmcid": "PMC7216866", "title": "Care for critically Ill patients with COVID-19: don't forget the eyes.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Ting, Darren Shu Jeng", "Deshmukh, Rashmi", "Said, Dalia G", "Dua, Harminder S"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379935, "pmcid": "PMC7267361", "title": "Response to \"Lupus anticoagulant is frequent in patients with Covid-19\".", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Tang, Ning"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379935", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the letter from Dr. In\u00e8s Harzallah, et al. Antiphospholipid antibody assays including lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anticardiolipin and anti-\u03b22-glycoprotein I have also been performed in dozens of our patients, however, very few of them got positive results, we don't think that antiphospholipid antibody exists universally in COVID-19 patients. In addition, two of the three reported cases with antiphospholipid antibodies mentioned in the letter [1] also seem to meet the International Society on Haemostasis and Thrombosis (ISTH) criteria of disseminated intravascular coagulation [2], the causality between antiphospholipid antibodies and thrombosis in these cases is still uncertain."}, {"pmid": 32385679, "pmcid": "PMC7207988", "title": "\"Keep It Going if You Can\": HIV Service Provision for Priority Populations During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Seattle, WA.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Beima-Sofie, Kristin", "Ortblad, Katrina F", "Swanson, Fred", "Graham, Susan M", "Stekler, Joanne D", "Simoni, Jane M"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385679", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345483, "pmcid": "PMC7141447", "title": "COVID-19 with Pulmonary Involvement. An Autoimmune Disease of Known Cause.", "journal": "Reumatol Clin", "authors": ["Fernandez-Gutierrez, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345483", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500101, "pmcid": "PMC7261969", "title": "COVID-19 and telemedicine: A revolution in healthcare delivery is at hand.", "journal": "Health Sci Rep", "authors": ["Perrin, Paul B", "Pierce, Bradford S", "Elliott, Timothy R"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500101", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485618, "pmcid": "PMC7240272", "title": "Low performance of rapid antigen detection test as frontline testing for COVID-19 diagnosis.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Scohy, Anais", "Anantharajah, Ahalieyah", "Bodeus, Monique", "Kabamba-Mukadi, Benoit", "Verroken, Alexia", "Rodriguez-Villalobos, Hector"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485618", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ensuring accurate diagnosis is essential to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and for the clinical management of COVID-19. Although real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT- qPCR) is the current recommended laboratory method to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 acute infection, several factors such as requirement of special equipment and skilled staff limit the use of these time-consuming molecular techniques. Recently, several easy to perform rapid antigen detection tests were developed and recommended in some countries as the first line of diagnostic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of the Coris COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip test, a rapid immunochromatographic test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen, in comparison to RT-qPCR. 148 nasopharyngeal swabs were tested. Amongst the 106 positive RT-qPCR samples, 32 were detected by the rapid antigen test, given an overall sensitivity of 30.2%. All the samples detected positive with the antigen rapid test were also positive with RT-qPCR. Higher viral loads are associated with better antigen detection rates. Unfortunately, the overall poor sensitivity of the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip does not allow using it alone as the frontline testing for COVID-19 diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32307104, "pmcid": "PMC7146663", "title": "The Italian Outbreak of COVID-19: Conditions, Contributors, and Concerns.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Del Buono, Marco Giuseppe", "Iannaccone, Giulia", "Camilli, Massimiliano", "Del Buono, Romualdo", "Aspromonte, Nadia"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307104", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358954, "pmcid": "PMC7197596", "title": "Bacterial and fungal co-infection in individuals with coronavirus: A rapid review to support COVID-19 antimicrobial prescribing.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rawson, Timothy M", "Moore, Luke S P", "Zhu, Nina", "Ranganathan, Nishanthy", "Skolimowska, Keira", "Gilchrist, Mark", "Satta, Giovanni", "Cooke, Graham", "Holmes, Alison"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358954", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore and describe the current literature surrounding bacterial/fungal co-infection in patients with coronavirus infection. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched using broad based search criteria relating to coronavirus and bacterial co-infection. Articles presenting clinical data for patients with coronavirus infection (defined as SARS-1, MERS, SARS-COV-2, and other coronavirus) and bacterial/fungal co-infection reported in English, Mandarin, or Italian were included. Data describing bacterial/fungal co-infections, treatments, and outcomes were extracted. Secondary analysis of studies reporting antimicrobial prescribing in SARS-COV-2 even in the absence of co-infection was performed. 1007 abstracts were identified. Eighteen full texts reported bacterial/fungal co-infection were included. Most studies did not identify or report bacterial/fungal coinfection (85/140;61%). 9/18 (50%) studies reported on COVID-19, 5/18 (28%) SARS-1, 1/18 (6%) MERS, and 3/18 (17%) other coronavirus.For COVID-19, 62/806 (8%) patients were reported as experiencing bacterial/fungal co-infection during hospital admission. Secondary analysis demonstrated wide use of broad-spectrum antibacterials, despite a paucity of evidence for bacterial coinfection. On secondary analysis, 1450/2010 (72%) of patients reported received antimicrobial therapy. No antimicrobial stewardship interventions were described.For non-COVID-19 cases bacterial/fungal co-infection was reported in 89/815 (11%) of patients. Broad-spectrum antibiotic use was reported. Despite frequent prescription of broad-spectrum empirical antimicrobials in patients with coronavirus associated respiratory infections, there is a paucity of data to support the association with respiratory bacterial/fungal co-infection. Generation of prospective evidence to support development of antimicrobial policy and appropriate stewardship interventions specific for the COVID-19 pandemic are urgently required."}, {"pmid": 32367660, "pmcid": "PMC7261992", "title": "Performing dermoscopy in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Goldust, Mohamad", "Zalaudek, Iris", "Gupta, Atula", "Lallas, Aimilios", "Rudnicka, Lidia", "Navarini, Alexander A"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383189, "pmcid": "PMC7267426", "title": "Re: Chilblain-like lesions on feet and hands during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["El-Azhary, Rokea"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383189", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416785, "pmcid": "PMC7255214", "title": "Use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and risk of COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital: a case-population study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["de Abajo, Francisco J", "Rodriguez-Martin, Sara", "Lerma, Victoria", "Mejia-Abril, Gina", "Aguilar, Monica", "Garcia-Luque, Amelia", "Laredo, Leonor", "Laosa, Olga", "Centeno-Soto, Gustavo A", "Angeles Galvez, Maria", "Puerro, Miguel", "Gonzalez-Rojano, Esperanza", "Pedraza, Laura", "de Pablo, Itziar", "Abad-Santos, Francisco", "Rodriguez-Manas, Leocadio", "Gil, Miguel", "Tobias, Aurelio", "Rodriguez-Miguel, Antonio", "Rodriguez-Puyol, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416785", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Concerns have been raised about the possibility that inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) could predispose individuals to severe COVID-19; however, epidemiological evidence is lacking. We report the results of a case-population study done in Madrid, Spain, since the outbreak of COVID-19. In this case-population study, we consecutively selected patients aged 18 years or older with a PCR-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital from seven hospitals in Madrid, who had been admitted between March 1 and March 24, 2020. As a reference group, we randomly sampled ten patients per case, individually matched for age, sex, region (ie, Madrid), and date of admission to hospital (month and day; index date), from Base de datos para la Investigaci\u00f3n Farmacoepidemiol\u00f3gica en Atenci\u00f3n Primaria (BIFAP), a Spanish primary health-care database, in its last available year (2018). We extracted information on comorbidities and prescriptions up to the month before index date (ie, current use) from electronic clinical records of both cases and controls. The outcome of interest was admission to hospital of patients with COVID-19. To minimise confounding by indication, the main analysis focused on assessing the association between COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital and use of RAAS inhibitors compared with use of other antihypertensive drugs. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs, adjusted for age, sex, and cardiovascular comorbidities and risk factors, using conditional logistic regression. The protocol of the study was registered in the EU electronic Register of Post-Authorisation Studies, EUPAS34437. We collected data for 1139 cases and 11\u2008390 population controls. Among cases, 444 (39\u00b70%) were female and the mean age was 69\u00b71 years (SD 15\u00b74), and despite being matched on sex and age, a significantly higher proportion of cases had pre-existing cardiovascular disease (OR 1\u00b798, 95% CI 1\u00b762-2\u00b741) and risk factors (1\u00b746, 1\u00b723-1\u00b773) than did controls. Compared with users of other antihypertensive drugs, users of RAAS inhibitors had an adjusted OR for COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital of 0\u00b794 (95% CI 0\u00b777-1\u00b715). No increased risk was observed with either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (adjusted OR 0\u00b780, 0\u00b764-1\u00b700) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (1\u00b710, 0\u00b788-1\u00b737). Sex, age, and background cardiovascular risk did not modify the adjusted OR between use of RAAS inhibitors and COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital, whereas a decreased risk of COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital was found among patients with diabetes who were users of RAAS inhibitors (adjusted OR 0\u00b753, 95% CI 0\u00b734-0\u00b780). The adjusted ORs were similar across severity degrees of COVID-19. RAAS inhibitors do not increase the risk of COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital, including fatal cases and those admitted to intensive care units, and should not be discontinued to prevent a severe case of COVID-19. Instituto de Salud Carlos III."}, {"pmid": 32449091, "pmcid": "PMC7245991", "title": "Lack of viral clearance by the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin or lopinavir and ritonavir in SARS-CoV-2-related acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Hraiech, Sami", "Bourenne, Jeremy", "Kuteifan, Khaldoun", "Helms, Julie", "Carvelli, Julien", "Gainnier, Marc", "Meziani, Ferhat", "Papazian, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449091", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530493, "title": "Why your Patients' Believing Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine are 90% Effective for COVID-19 is 100% Dangerous.", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["White, C Michael", "Hernandez, Adrian V"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530493", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440663, "pmcid": "PMC7212069", "title": "Pulmonary Thromboembolism as a Potential Cause of Clinical Deterioration in COVID-19 Patients; a Commentary.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Safari, Saeed", "Mehrani, Mehdi", "Yousefifard, Mahmoud"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440663", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the findings of some studies have been indicative of the direct relationship between the severity of clinical findings and imaging, reports have been published regarding inconsistency of clinical findings with imaging and laboratory evidence. Physicians treating these patients frequently report cases in which patients, sometimes in the recovery phase and despite improvements in imaging indices, suddenly deteriorate and in some instances suddenly expire. This letter aimed to draw attention to the role of pulmonary thromboembolism as a potential and possible cause of clinical deterioration in covid-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32209887, "title": "Potential therapeutic options for coronavirus disease 2019: using knowledge of past outbreaks to guide future treatment.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Lin, John", "Ouyang, Jing", "Peng, Xiao-Rong", "Isnard, Stephane", "Fombuena, Brandon", "Routy, Jean-Pierre", "Chen, Yao-Kai"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209887", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312788, "title": "COVID-19 infection in Crohn's disease under treatment with adalimumab.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Tursi, Antonio", "Angarano, Gioacchino", "Monno, Laura", "Saracino, Annalisa", "Signorile, Fabio", "Ricciardi, Aurelia", "Papa, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312788", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513666, "title": "Using socioeconomics to counter health disparities arising from the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Anderson, Geoffrey", "Frank, John William", "Naylor, C David", "Wodchis, Walter", "Feng, Patrick"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513666", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303502, "title": "Covid-19: state governors assert control over US response as Trump struggles for a role.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303502", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457048, "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rheumatic disease: a comparative cohort study from a US 'hot spot'.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["D'Silva, Kristin M", "Serling-Boyd, Naomi", "Wallwork, Rachel", "Hsu, Tiffany", "Fu, Xiaoqing", "Gravallese, Ellen M", "Choi, Hyon K", "Sparks, Jeffrey A", "Wallace, Zachary S"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457048", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate differences in manifestations and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection between those with and without rheumatic disease. We conducted a comparative cohort study of patients with rheumatic disease and COVID-19 (confirmed by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 PCR), compared in a 1:2 ratio with matched comparators on age, sex and date of COVID-19 diagnosis, between 1 March and 8 April 2020, at Partners HealthCare System in the greater Boston, Massachusetts area. We examined differences in demographics, clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 infection. The main outcomes were hospitalisation, intensive care admission, mechanical ventilation and mortality. We identified 52 rheumatic disease patients with COVID-19 (mean age, 63 years; 69% female) and matched these to 104 non-rheumatic disease comparators. The majority (39, 75%) of patients with rheumatic disease were on immunosuppressive medications. Patients with and without rheumatic disease had similar symptoms and laboratory findings. A similar proportion of patients with and without rheumatic disease were hospitalised (23 (44%) vs 42 (40%)), p=0.50) but those with rheumatic disease required intensive care admission and mechanical ventilation more often (11 (48%) vs 7 (18%), multivariable OR 3.11 (95% CI 1.07 to 9.05)). Mortality was similar between the two groups (3 (6%) vs 4 (4%), p=0.69). Patients with rheumatic disease and COVID-19 infection were more likely to require mechanical ventilation but had similar clinical features and hospitalisation rates as those without rheumatic disease. These findings have important implications for patients with rheumatic disease but require further validation."}, {"pmid": 32436730, "title": "The Use of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Implications: Understanding Safety Discrepancies to Improve Interpretation and Design of Clinical Trials.", "journal": "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Oren, Ohad", "Yang, Eric H", "Gluckman, Ty J", "Michos, Erin D", "Blumenthal, Roger S", "Gersh, Bernard J"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436730", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376102, "pmcid": "PMC7151274", "title": "COVID-19 Testing: The Threat of False-Negative Results.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["West, Colin P", "Montori, Victor M", "Sampathkumar, Priya"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376102", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352957, "pmcid": "PMC7206983", "title": "Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Prevalence in Homeless Shelters - Four U.S. Cities, March 27-April 15, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Mosites, Emily", "Parker, Erin M", "Clarke, Kristie E N", "Gaeta, Jessie M", "Baggett, Travis P", "Imbert, Elizabeth", "Sankaran, Madeline", "Scarborough, Ashley", "Huster, Karin", "Hanson, Matt", "Gonzales, Elysia", "Rauch, Jody", "Page, Libby", "McMichael, Temet M", "Keating, Ryan", "Marx, Grace E", "Andrews, Tom", "Schmit, Kristine", "Morris, Sapna Bamrah", "Dowling, Nicole F", "Peacock, Georgina"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352957", "countries": ["United States", "Georgia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the United States, approximately 1.4 million persons access emergency shelter or transitional housing each year (1). These settings can pose risks for communicable disease spread. In late March and early April 2020, public health teams responded to clusters (two or more cases in the preceding 2 weeks) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in residents and staff members from five homeless shelters in Boston, Massachusetts (one shelter); San Francisco, California (one); and Seattle, Washington (three). The investigations were performed in coordination with academic partners, health care providers, and homeless service providers. Investigations included reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing at commercial and public health laboratories for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, over approximately 1-2 weeks for residents and staff members at the five shelters. During the same period, the team in Seattle, Washington, also tested residents and staff members at 12 shelters where a single case in each had been identified. In Atlanta, Georgia, a team proactively tested residents and staff members at two shelters with no known COVID-19 cases in the preceding 2 weeks. In each city, the objective was to test all shelter residents and staff members at each assessed facility, irrespective of symptoms. Persons who tested positive were transported to hospitals or predesignated community isolation areas."}, {"pmid": 32414660, "pmcid": "PMC7142674", "title": "Exercising in times of COVID-19: what do experts recommend doing within four walls?", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Rodriguez, Miguel Angel", "Crespo, Irene", "Olmedillas, Hugo"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454512, "title": "A human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor binding site of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Shi, Rui", "Shan, Chao", "Duan, Xiaomin", "Chen, Zhihai", "Liu, Peipei", "Song, Jinwen", "Song, Tao", "Bi, Xiaoshan", "Han, Chao", "Wu, Lianao", "Gao, Ge", "Hu, Xue", "Zhang, Yanan", "Tong, Zhou", "Huang, Weijin", "Liu, William Jun", "Wu, Guizhen", "Zhang, Bo", "Wang, Lan", "Qi, Jianxun", "Feng, Hui", "Wang, Fu-Sheng", "Wang, Qihui", "Gao, George Fu", "Yuan, Zhiming", "Yan, Jinghua"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454512", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)1-3, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)4 spread globally. Countermeasures are needed to treat and prevent further dissemination of the virus. In this study, we report the isolation of 2 specific human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from a convalescent COVID-19 patient. CA1 and CB6 demonstrated potent SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralization activity in vitro against SARS-CoV-2. In addition, CB6 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus monkeys at both prophylactic and treatment settings. Further structural studies revealed that CB6 recognizes an epitope that overlaps with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-binding sites in SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD), thereby interfering with the virus/receptor interactions by both steric hindrance and direct interface-residue competition. Our results suggest CB6 deserves further clinical translation."}, {"pmid": 32482506, "pmcid": "PMC7200373", "title": "Cardiothoracic Surgery at the Time of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic: Lessons From the East (and From a Previous Epidemic) for Western Battlefields.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Pisano, Antonio", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Verniero, Luigi", "Zangrillo, Alberto"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482506", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493712, "title": "The right to know: ethical implications of antibody testing for healthcare workers and overlooked societal implications.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Vakharia, Kunal"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493712", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the initial surge in cases of coronavirus (COVID-19), the outbreak has been managed differently in different countries. In the USA, it has been managed in many different ways between states, cities and even counties. This disparity is slowly becoming more and more pronounced with the advent of antibody testing. Although many argue over the potential merits of antibody testing as an immunity passport to allow the economy to restart, there are other implications that stand at the heart of the bioethical debate that are often overlooked. Particularly with COVID-19, there are many uncertainties and the discourse alone of antibodies presumes misinformation that may outweigh the epidemiological benefits of antibody testing. Although this paper does not seek to eliminate antibody testing, it does highlight the need for appropriate counselling both on a personal level with each patient but on a more global level. This moral standard of appropriate education is key to allowing the continued autonomy needed during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32460210, "pmcid": "PMC7236693", "title": "\"Therapeutic\" facemasks.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Gupta, Deepak"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460210", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There must be pathophysiological reason why \"cold\" viruses like SARS-CoV-2 show proclivity to nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharyngeal cavity and upper airways which have lower temperature than core body temperature. Henceforth, facemasks' \"therapeutic\" role against SARS-CoV-2 must be explored because personal \"therapeutic\" environments may get created under facemasks due to rebreathing of ~95\u00b0F \"hot\" and ~80% \"humid\" exhalations which may constantly mitigate SARS-CoV-2 inside nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharyngeal cavity and upper airways."}, {"pmid": 32349032, "title": "Use of Radiographic Features in COVID-19 Diagnosis: Challenges and Perspectives.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chen, Sin-Guang", "Chen, Ju-Yu", "Yang, Yi-Ping", "Chien, Chian-Shiu", "Wang, Mong-Lien", "Lin, Liang-Ting"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349032", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid surge and wide-spread of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) overshadows the entire medical industries worldwide. The stringent medical resources hinder the diagnostic capacity globally, while 84 thousands of new cases confirmed within a single day of 14 April 2020. Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with is the current first-line diagnosis, but the false-negative rate remains concerned. Radiographic technologies and tools, including Computed tomography (CT) and Chest X-ray (CXR), were applied for initial screening and follow-up, from which provides detail diagnosis with specific pathologic features for staging and treatment arrangement. Although the radiographic imaging is found less sensitive, numerous CT-positive patients were not screened out by RT-PCR initially and later confirmed as COVID-19 positive. Besides, the shortage of sampling kits and the longer turn-over time of PCR examinations in some areas were noticed due to logistic issues and healthcare burden. In this review, we will discuss the challenges and the future perspectives of using radiographic modalities for COVID-19 diagnosis in view of securing human lives amid the crisis."}, {"pmid": 32309809, "pmcid": "PMC7156260", "title": "Antiviral therapy in management of COVID-19: a systematic review on current evidence.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Yousefifard, Mahmoud", "Zali, Alireza", "Mohamed Ali, Kosar", "Madani Neishaboori, Arian", "Zarghi, Afshin", "Hosseini, Mostafa", "Safari, Saeed"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309809", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of the current systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral therapies in treatment of COVID-19. In addition, clinical trials on the efficacy of antiviral therapies in the management of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-Cov) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have also been reviewed, in order to identify potential treatment options for COVID-19. An extensive search was performed in Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and CENTRAL databases until the end of March 15, 2020. Two independent researchers performed the screening, and finally the related studies were included. Only one clinical trial on the efficacy of antiviral therapy in management of COVID-19 was found. The results depicted that adding Lopinavir-Ritonavir to the standard treatment regimen of patients with severe COVID-19 has no benefits. Moreover, 21 case-series and case-report studies reported the prescription of antiviral agents in COVID-19, none of which can be used to determine the efficacy of antiviral therapies in confronting COVID-19. In addition, no clinical trials were found to be performed on the efficacy of antiviral agents in the management of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The current evidence impede researchers from proposing an appropriate antiviral therapy against COVID-19, making the current situation a serious concern for international organizations such as World Health Organization (WHO). In the time of the current pandemic and future epidemics, organizations such as WHO should pursue more proactive actions and plan well-designed clinical trials so that their results can be used in managing future epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32436995, "title": "The potential of memantine and related adamantanes such as amantadine, to reduce the neurotoxic effects of COVID-19, including ARDS and to reduce viral replication through lysosomal effects.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Brenner, Steven R"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436995", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387967, "pmcid": "PMC7189849", "title": "A single centre study of viral community-acquired pneumonia in children: No evidence of SARS-CoV-2 from October 2019 to March 2020.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Mancino, Enrica", "Cristiani, Luca", "Pierangeli, Alessandra", "Scagnolari, Carolina", "Nenna, Raffaella", "Petrarca, Laura", "Di Mattia, Greta", "La Regina, Domenico", "Frassanito, Antonella", "Oliveto, Giuseppe", "Viscido, Agnese", "Midulla, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387967", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. We described viral aetiologies, with particular interest in detecting SARS-CoV-2, in hospitalized pneumonia children. Human rhinovirus was the most frequently detected agent. No children tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection is rare in children and it was not circulating in Rome before COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32277065, "pmcid": "PMC7152748", "title": "Halting coronavirus polymerase.", "journal": "J Biol Chem", "authors": ["Kirchdoerfer, Robert N"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277065", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The nucleotide analogue remdesivir is an investigational drug for the treatment of human coronavirus infection. Remdesivir is a phosphoramidate prodrug and is known to target viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. In this issue, Gordon et al. identify that remdesivir acts as a delayed RNA chain terminator for MERS-CoV polymerase complexes."}, {"pmid": 32224494, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors are told not to perform CPR on patients in cardiac arrest.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth", "Kmietowicz, Zosia"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224494", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497911, "pmcid": "PMC7252181", "title": "Anticipating and curtailing the cardiometabolic toxicity of social isolation and emotional stress in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Oren, Ohad", "Gersh, Bernard J", "Blumenthal, Roger S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497911", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451906, "pmcid": "PMC7246960", "title": "Video Conferencing in the Intravitreal Injection Clinic in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ophthalmol Ther", "authors": ["Saedon, Habiba", "Gould, Gemma", "Begum, Minara", "Aslam, Tariq M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451906", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To share a useful intervention to minimize risk of COVID-19 infection to both healthcare workers and patients in the eye clinic. We present our experience of virtual, within-clinic remote visual acuity assessment to reduce the risk of infection with COVID-19. Along with standard recommendations for personal protective equipment and hand hygiene to contain viral spread and treating only urgent cases, remote within-clinic visual acuity testing and consultations can be undertaken with minimal specialist equipment and appears to provide useful information whilst being acceptable to patients. Ophthalmology practice must adapt in order to combat COVID-19. This measure can easily be incorporated into daily practice to reduce both patient footfall within the department and close contact between patient and healthcare practitioners."}, {"pmid": 32405780, "pmcid": "PMC7220569", "title": "Research Progress of Drug Treatment in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.", "journal": "AAPS PharmSciTech", "authors": ["Yan, Junqiang", "Liu, Anran", "Huang, Jiarui", "Wu, Jiannan", "Fan, Hua"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405780", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 10, 2020, more than 100,000 novel coronavirus pneumonia cases have been confirmed globally. With the continuous spread of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic in even the world, prevention and treatment of the disease have become urgent tasks. The drugs currently being developed are not adequate to deal with this critical situation. In addition to being controlled through effective isolation, we need a rapid response from the healthcare and biotechnology industries to accelerate drug treatment research. By reviewing the currently available literature published at home and abroad, we summarize the current research progress of drug treatment during the epidemic period. At present, the drugs that can be used for treatment mainly include antiviral drugs, antimalarials, glucocorticoids, plasma therapy, biological agents, and traditional Chinese medicine. The effectiveness and safety of drug therapy need to be confirmed by more clinical studies."}, {"pmid": 32425235, "pmcid": "PMC7229945", "title": "Triaging advanced GI endoscopy procedures during the COVID-19 Pandemic: consensus recommendations using the Delphi method.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Sawhney, Mandeep S", "Bilal, Mohammad", "Pohl, Heiko", "Kushnir, Vladimir", "Khashab, Mouen A", "Schulman, Allison R", "Berzin, Tyler M", "Chalal, Prabhleen", "Muthusamy, V Raman", "Varadarajulu, Shyam", "Banerjee, Subhas", "Ginsberg, Gregory G", "Raju, Gottumukkala S", "Feuerstein, Joseph D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425235", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There remains a lack of consensus on which gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures should be performed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and which procedures could be safely deferred without significantly impacting outcomes. We selected a panel of 14 expert endoscopists. We identified 41 common indications for advanced endoscopic procedures from the ASGE Appropriate Use of GI Endoscopy guidelines. Using a modified Delphi method, we first achieved consensus on patient-important outcome for each procedural indication. Panelists prioritized consensus patient-important outcome when categorizing each indication into one of the following 3 procedural time periods: (1) time-sensitive emergent (schedule within 1 week), (2) time-sensitive urgent (schedule within 1 to 8 weeks), and (3) non-time sensitive (defer for >8 weeks and then reassess the timing). Three anonymous rounds of voting were allowed before attempts at consensus were abandoned. All 14 invited experts agreed to participate in the study. The prespecified consensus threshold of 51% was achieved for assigning patient-important outcome/s to each advanced endoscopy indication. The prespecified consensus threshold of 66.7% was achieved for 40 out of 41 advanced endoscopy indications in stratifying them into 1 of 3 procedural time periods. For 12 out of 41 indications 100% consensus, and for 20 out of 41 indications 75% to 99% consensus was achieved. By using a Modified Delphi method that prioritized patient-important outcomes, we developed consensus recommendations on procedural timing for common indications for advanced endoscopy. These recommendations and the structured decision framework provided by our study can inform decision-making as endoscopy services are reopened."}, {"pmid": 32387575, "pmcid": "PMC7204700", "title": "Availability of Internationally Controlled Essential Medicines in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Pettus, Katherine", "Cleary, James F", "de Lima, Liliana", "Ahmed, Ebtesam", "Radbruch, Lukas"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387575", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Section 2 of the 2019 World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines includes opioid analgesics formulations commonly used for the control of pain and respiratory distress, as well as sedative and anxiolytic substances such as midazolam and diazepam. These medicines, essential to palliative care, are regulated under the international drug control conventions overseen by United Nations specialized agencies and treaty bodies and under national drug control laws. Those national laws and regulations directly affect bedside availability of Internationally Controlled Essential Medicines (ICEMs). The complex interaction between national regulatory systems and global supply chains (now impacted by COVID-19 pandemic) directly affects bedside availability of ICEMs and patient care. Despite decades of global civil society advocacy in the United Nations system, ICEMs have remained chronically unavailable, inaccessible, and unaffordable in low- and-middle-income countries, and there are recent reports of shortages in high-income countries as well. The most prevalent symptoms in COVID-19 are breathlessness, cough, drowsiness, anxiety, agitation, and delirium. Frequently used medicines include opioids such as morphine or fentanyl and midazolam, all of them listed as ICEMs. This paper describes the issues related to the lack of availability and limited access to ICEMs during the COVID-19 pandemic in both intensive and palliative care patients in countries of all income levels and makes recommendations for improving access."}, {"pmid": 32483527, "pmcid": "PMC7242210", "title": "Treatment of severe pneumonia due to COVID-19 with peginterferon alfa 2a.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["El-Lababidi, Rania M", "Mooty, Mohamad", "Bonilla, Maria-Fernanda", "Salem, Nouran M"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483527", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide. Until now, no definite effective treatment has been identified. We reported 3 patients with severe COVID-19 treated with pegylated interferon alfa 2a with satisfactory recovery. Based on these observations, randomized studies with interferons should be considered in deteriorating patients infected with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32304402, "pmcid": "PMC7173027", "title": "The Performance of Chest CT in Evaluating the Clinical Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia: Identifying Critical Cases Based on CT Characteristics.", "journal": "Invest Radiol", "authors": ["Lyu, Peijie", "Liu, Xing", "Zhang, Rui", "Shi, Lei", "Gao, Jianbo"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304402", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to assess the clinical severity of COVID-19 pneumonia using qualitative and/or quantitative chest computed tomography (CT) indicators and identify the CT characteristics of critical cases. Fifty-one patients with COVID-19 pneumonia including ordinary cases (group A, n = 12), severe cases (group B, n = 15), and critical cases (group C, n = 24) were retrospectively enrolled. The qualitative and quantitative indicators from chest CT were recorded and compared using Fisher exact test, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Depending on the severity of the disease, the number of involved lung segments and lobes, the frequencies of consolidation, crazy-paving pattern, and air bronchogram increased in more severe cases. Qualitative indicators including total severity score for the whole lung and total score for crazy-paving and consolidation could distinguish groups B and C from A (69% sensitivity, 83% specificity, and 73% accuracy) but were similar between group B and group C. Combined qualitative and quantitative indicators could distinguish these 3 groups with high sensitivity (B + C vs A, 90%; C vs B, 92%), specificity (100%, 87%), and accuracy (92%, 90%). Critical cases had higher total severity score (>10) and higher total score for crazy-paving and consolidation (>4) than ordinary cases, and had higher mean lung density (>-779 HU) and full width at half maximum (>128 HU) but lower relative volume of normal lung density (\u226650%) than ordinary/severe cases. In our critical cases, 8 patients with relative volume of normal lung density smaller than 40% received mechanical ventilation for supportive treatment, and 2 of them had died. A rapid, accurate severity assessment of COVID-19 pneumonia based on chest CT would be feasible and could provide help for making management decisions, especially for the critical cases."}, {"pmid": 32330352, "pmcid": "PMC7264619", "title": "The Swiss approach to the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Moeckli, Beat", "Peloso, Andrea", "Oldani, Graziano", "Orci, Lorenzo A", "Banz, Vanessa", "Dutkowski, Philipp", "Toso, Christian", "Berney, Thierry"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330352", "countries": ["Switzerland", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angelico et al. described the impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak on organ transplantation in Italy (1), where only one center in Milan has limited transplant activity to most urgent cases. The rest of the country continued with the regular allocation policy (1). In Switzerland, which has more COVID-19 cases per capita than Italy (2), we have opted for a stepwise approach."}, {"pmid": 32413133, "pmcid": "PMC7239093", "title": "In Reply: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Rossetti, Adroaldo", "Solla, Davi Jorge Fontoura", "Salles, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413133", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447121, "pmcid": "PMC7242202", "title": "Unheralded Lower Limb Threatening Ischemia in a COVID-19 Patient.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Andrea, Vacirca", "Gianluca, Faggioli", "Rodolfo, Pini", "Paolo, Teutonico", "Alessandro, Pilato", "Mauro, Gargiulo"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447121", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute thromboembolic events appear to be frequent in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We report a case of an intubated patient, who developed a threatening lower limb ischemia. Intra-arterial fibrinolysis and intravenous heparin infusion did not lead to complete recanalization of the tibial arteries, which were successfully treated by surgical embolectomy."}, {"pmid": 32387671, "pmcid": "PMC7198142", "title": "Role of the chronic air pollution levels in the Covid-19 outbreak risk in Italy.", "journal": "Environ Pollut", "authors": ["Fattorini, Daniele", "Regoli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387671", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the initial outbreak in China, the diffusion in Italy of SARS-CoV-2 is exhibiting a clear regional trend with more elevated frequency and severity of cases in Northern areas. Among multiple factors possibly involved in such geographical differences, a role has been hypothesized for atmospheric pollution. We provide additional evidence on the possible influence of air quality, particularly in terms of chronicity of exposure on the spread viral infection in Italian regions. Actual data on Covid-19 outbreak in Italian provinces and corresponding long-term air quality evaluations, were obtained from Italian and European agencies, elaborated and tested for possible interactions. Our elaborations reveal that, beside concentrations, the chronicity of exposure may influence the anomalous variability of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy. Data on distribution of atmospheric pollutants (NO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10) in Italian regions during the last 4 years, days exceeding regulatory limits, and years of the last decade (2010-2019) in which the limits have been exceeded for at least 35 days, highlight that Northern Italy has been constantly exposed to chronic air pollution. Long-term air-quality data significantly correlated with cases of Covid-19 in up to 71 Italian provinces (updated April 27, 2020) providing further evidence that chronic exposure to atmospheric contamination may represent a favourable context for the spread of the virus. Pro-inflammatory responses and high incidence of respiratory and cardiac affections are well known, while the capability of this coronavirus to bind particulate matters remains to be established. Atmospheric and environmental pollution should be considered as part of an integrated approach for sustainable development, human health protection and prevention of epidemic spreads but in a long-term and chronic perspective, since adoption of mitigation actions during a viral outbreak could be of limited utility."}, {"pmid": 32303376, "pmcid": "PMC7144617", "title": "Extubation of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["D'Silva, David F", "McCulloch, Timothy J", "Lim, Jessica S", "Smith, Sanchia S", "Carayannis, Daniel"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303376", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478895, "title": "Hypofractionated radiotherapy alone with 2.4 Gy per fraction for head and neck cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: The Princess Margaret experience and proposal.", "journal": "Cancer", "authors": ["Huang, Shao Hui", "O'Sullivan, Brian", "Su, Jie", "Ringash, Jolie", "Bratman, Scott V", "Kim, John", "Hosni, Ali", "Bayley, Andrew", "Cho, John", "Giuliani, Meredith", "Hope, Andrew", "Spreafico, Anna", "Hansen, Aaron R", "Siu, Lillian L", "Gilbert, Ralph", "Irish, Jonathan C", "Goldstein, David", "de Almeida, John", "Tong, Li", "Xu, Wei", "Waldron, John"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478895", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of this study was to identify a subgroup of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who might be suitable for hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT-hypo) during the COVID-19 pandemic. HNSCC cases (oropharynx/larynx/hypopharynx) treated with definitive RT-hypo (60 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks), moderately accelerated radiotherapy (RT-acc) alone (70 Gy in 35 fractions over 6 weeks), or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) during 2005-2017 were included. Locoregional control (LRC) and distant control (DC) after RT-hypo, RT-acc, and CCRT were compared for various subgroups. The study identified 994 human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cases (with 61, 254, and 679 receiving RT-hypo, RT-acc, and CCRT, respectively) and 1045 HPV- HNSCC cases (with 263, 451, and 331 receiving RT-hypo, RT-acc, and CCRT, respectively). The CCRT cohort had higher T/N categories, whereas the radiotherapy-alone patients were older. The median follow-up was 4.6 years. RT-hypo, RT-acc, and CCRT produced comparable 3-year LRC and DC for HPV+ T1-2N0-N2a disease (seventh edition of the TNM system [TNM-7]; LRC, 94%, 100%, and 94%; P\u00a0=\u00a0.769; DC, 94%, 100%, and 94%; P\u00a0=\u00a0.272), T1-T2N2b disease (LRC, 90%, 94%, and 97%; P\u00a0=\u00a0.445; DC, 100%, 96%, and 95%; P\u00a0=\u00a0.697), and T1-2N2c/T3N0-N2c disease (LRC, 89%, 93%, and 95%; P\u00a0=\u00a0.494; DC, 89%, 90%, and 87%; P\u00a0=\u00a0.838). Although LRC was also similar for T4/N3 disease (78%, 84%, and 88%; P\u00a0=\u00a0.677), DC was significantly lower with RT-hypo or RT-acc versus CCRT (67%, 65%, and 87%; P\u00a0=\u00a0.005). For HPV- HNSCC, 3-year LRC and DC were similar with RT-hypo, RT-acc, and CCRT in stages I and II (LRC, 85%, 89%, and 100%; P\u00a0=\u00a0.320; DC, 99%, 98%, and 100%; P\u00a0=\u00a0.446); however, RT-hypo and RT-acc had significantly lower LRC in stage III (76%, 69%, and 91%; P\u00a0=\u00a0.006), whereas DC rates were similar (92%, 85%, and 90%; P\u00a0=\u00a0.410). Lower LRC in stage III predominated in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma receiving RT-acc (62%) but not RT-hypo (80%) or CCRT (92%; RT-hypo vs CCRT: P\u00a0=\u00a0.270; RT-acc vs CCRT: P = .004). CCRT had numerically higher LRC in comparison with RT-hypo or RT-acc in stage IV (73%, 65%, and 66%; P\u00a0=\u00a0.336). It is proposed that RT-hypo be considered in place of CCRT for HPV+ T1-T3N0-N2c (TNM-7) HNSCCs, HPV- T1-T2N0 HNSCCs, and select stage III HNSCCs during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32134111, "title": "Understanding COVID-19 new diagnostic guidelines - a message of reassurance from an internal medicine doctor in Shanghai.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Bischof, Evelyne", "Chen, Guoting", "Ferretti, Maria Teresa"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32134111", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403155, "pmcid": "PMC7272818", "title": "Vox Sanguinis International Forum on Hospital Transfusion Services' Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Lozano, Miquel", "Yazer, Mark", "Jackson, Bryon", "Pagano, Monica", "Rahimi-Levene, Naomi", "Peer, Victoria", "Bueno, Jose", "Jackson, Ryan", "Shan, Hua", "Amorim, Luiz", "Lopez, Maria Esther", "Boquimpani, Carla", "Sprogoe, Ulrik", "Bruun, Mie", "Titlestad, Kjell", "Rushford, Kylie", "Wood, Erica", "McQuilten, Zoe", "de Angelis, Vincenzo", "Delle Donne, Michela", "Murphy, Mike", "Staves, Julie", "Cho, Duck", "Nakamura, Fumihiko", "Hangaishi, Akira", "Callum, Jeannie", "Lin, Yulia", "Moghaddam, Mostafa", "Gharehbaghian, Ahmad"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403155", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Question 1 Demographics: a. Beer Yaakov, Israel. b. Large academic medical center. c. 956 beds. d. 9034 RBC units issued in 2019, approximately 9000. e. 4831 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and 17 deaths (March 31, 2020, 12:40 pm, data from the Israeli Ministry of Health). f. 9,136,000 inhabitants. g. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Israel is still increasing, but as of yesterday the rate of increase is declining sharply (from almost 30% of samples tested per day at the peak to 12% yesterday)."}, {"pmid": 32490853, "title": "Clinical decision support tool and rapid point-of-care platform for determining disease severity in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lab Chip", "authors": ["McRae, Michael P", "Simmons, Glennon W", "Christodoulides, Nicolaos J", "Lu, Zhibing", "Kang, Stella K", "Fenyo, David", "Alcorn, Timothy", "Dapkins, Isaac P", "Sharif, Iman", "Vurmaz, Deniz", "Modak, Sayli S", "Srinivasan, Kritika", "Warhadpande, Shruti", "Shrivastav, Ravi", "McDevitt, John T"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490853", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which has reached pandemic levels resulting in significant morbidity and mortality affecting every inhabited continent. The large number of patients requiring intensive care threatens to overwhelm healthcare systems globally. Likewise, there is a compelling need for a COVID-19 disease severity test to prioritize care and resources for patients at elevated risk of mortality. Here, an integrated point-of-care COVID-19 Severity Score and clinical decision support system is presented using biomarker measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), N-terminus pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), myoglobin (MYO), D-dimer, procalcitonin (PCT), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI). The COVID-19 Severity Score combines multiplex biomarker measurements and risk factors in a statistical learning algorithm to predict mortality. The COVID-19 Severity Score was trained and evaluated using data from 160 hospitalized COVID-19 patients from Wuhan, China. Our analysis finds that COVID-19 Severity Scores were significantly higher for the group that died versus the group that was discharged with median (interquartile range) scores of 59 (40-83) and 9 (6-17), respectively, and area under the curve of 0.94 (95% CI 0.89-0.99). Although this analysis represents patients with cardiac comorbidities (hypertension), the inclusion of biomarkers from other pathophysiologies implicated in COVID-19 (e.g., D-dimer for thrombotic events, CRP for infection or inflammation, and PCT for bacterial co-infection and sepsis) may improve future predictions for a more general population. These promising initial models pave the way for a point-of-care COVID-19 Severity Score system to impact patient care after further validation with externally collected clinical data. Clinical decision support tools for COVID-19 have strong potential to empower healthcare providers to save lives by prioritizing critical care in patients at high risk for adverse outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32437764, "pmcid": "PMC7206426", "title": "Visualization of putative coronavirus in kidney.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Miller, Sara E", "Brealey, John K"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437764", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426805, "title": "Higher solar irradiance is associated with a lower incidence of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Guasp, Mar", "Laredo, Carlos", "Urra, Xabier"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426805", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We studied the relationship between the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), demographical, and climatological measurements in different regions across the world. Lower solar irradiance and higher population density were independent predictors of greater COVID-19 outbreaks. Further studies on the potential protective effect of sunlight over COVID-19 are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32437935, "pmcid": "PMC7211636", "title": "Cardiac injuries in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Not to be ignored.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Fan, Hua", "Zhang, Lin", "Huang, Bin", "Zhu, Muxin", "Zhou, Yong", "Zhang, Huan", "Tao, Xiaogen", "Cheng, Shaohui", "Yu, Wenhu", "Zhu, Liping", "Chen, Jian"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437935", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We recruited 73 patients with COVID-19 [49 men and 24 women; average age: 58.36 years (SD: 14.31)] admitted to the intensive care unit of Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital from December 30, 2019 to February 16, 2020. Demographics, underlying diseases, and laboratory test results on admission were collected and analyzed. Data were compared between survivors and non-survivors. The non-survivors were older (65.46 [SD 9.74]vs 46.23 [12.01]) and were more likely to have chronic medical illnesses. Non-survivors tend to develop more severe lymphopenia, with higher C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, D-dimer, and hs-Troponin I(hs-TnI) levels. Patients with elevated hs-TnI levels on admission had shorter duration from symptom onset to death. Increased hs-TnI level was related to dismal prognosis. Death risk increased by 20.8% when the hs-TnI level increased by one unit. After adjusting for inflammatory or coagulation index, the independent predictive relationship between hs-TnI and death disappeared. Cardiac injury may occur at the early stage of COVID-19, which is associated with high mortality. Inflammatory factor cascade and coagulation abnormality may be the potential mechanisms of COVID-19 combined with cardiac injury."}, {"pmid": 32527788, "title": "Coronavirus pandemic: compassionate communities and information technology.", "journal": "BMJ Support Palliat Care", "authors": ["Abel, Julian", "Taubert, Mark"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527788", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410768, "pmcid": "PMC7221384", "title": "[Statistical and mathematical modeling in the Coronavirus epidemic: some considerations to minimize biases in the results].", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Matabuena, Marcos", "Padilla, Oscar Hernan Madrid", "Gonzalez-Barcala, Francisco-Javier"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410768", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303602, "pmcid": "PMC7262218", "title": "Who Was the First Doctor to Report the COVID-19 Outbreak in Wuhan, China?", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Li, Xixing", "Cui, Weina", "Zhang, Fuzhen"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303602", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276673, "title": "Pediatric Dentistry During and After COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Dent", "authors": ["Casamassimo, Paul S", "Townsend, Janice A", "Litch, C Scott"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276673", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385614, "pmcid": "PMC7206900", "title": "Telemedicine: Patient-Provider Clinical Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.", "journal": "J Gastrointest Surg", "authors": ["Contreras, Carlo M", "Metzger, Gregory A", "Beane, Joal D", "Dedhia, Priya H", "Ejaz, Aslam", "Pawlik, Timothy M"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385614", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pandemic has drastically affected healthcare organizations across the globe. We sought to summarize the current telemedicine environment in order to highlight the important changes triggered by the novel coronavirus pandemic, as well as highlight how the current crisis may inform the future of telemedicine. At many institutions, the number of telemedicine visits dramatically increased within days following the institution of novel coronavirus pandemic restrictions on in-person clinical encounters. Prior to the pandemic, telemedicine utilization was weak throughout surgical specialties due to regulatory and reimbursement barriers. As part of the pandemic response, the USA government temporarily relaxed various telemedicine restrictions and provided additional telemedicine funding. The post-pandemic role of telemedicine is dependent on permanent regulatory solutions. In the coming decade, telemedicine and telesurgery are anticipated to mature due to the proliferation of interconnected consumer health devices and high-speed 5G data connectivity."}, {"pmid": 32450165, "pmcid": "PMC7243768", "title": "Coronaviruses pathogenesis, comorbidities and multi-organ damage - A review.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Renu, Kaviyarasi", "Prasanna, Pureti Lakshmi", "Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Abilash"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450165", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronaviruses, especially COVID-19, is an emerging pandemic infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality. Coronaviruses are associated with comorbidities, along with the symptoms of it. SARS-CoV-2 is one of the highly pathogenic coronaviruses that causes a high death rate compared to the SARS-CoV and MERS. In this review, we focused on the mechanism of coronavirus with comorbidities and impairment in multi-organ function. The main dysfunction upon coronavirus infection is damage to alveolar and acute respiratory failure. It is associated with the other organ damage such as cardiovascular risk via an increased level of hypertension through ACE2, gastrointestinal dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, liver dysfunction, lung injury, CNS risk, ocular risks such as chemosis, conjunctivitis, and conjunctival hyperemia, cancer risk, venous thromboembolism, tuberculosis, aging, and cardiovascular dysfunction and reproductive risk. Along with this, we have discussed the immunopathology and coronaviruses at a molecular level and therapeutic approaches for the coronavirus infection. The comorbidities and multi-organ failure of COVID-19 have been explained at a molecular level along with the base of the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This review would help us to understand the comorbidities associated with the coronaviruses with multi-organ damage."}, {"pmid": 32278889, "pmcid": "PMC7139250", "title": "First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Mamun, Mohammed A", "Griffiths, Mark D"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278889", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524137, "title": "Applying to Pain Fellowships in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Pain Med", "authors": ["Yi, Peter K", "Gohil, Sharmil", "Kitt, Arthur"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524137", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360683, "pmcid": "PMC7187828", "title": "COVID-19 financial resources for physicians.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Satiani, Bhagwan", "Zigrang, Todd A", "Bailey-Wheaton, Jessica L"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360683", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The appropriate focus in managing the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States has been addressing access and delivery of care to the population affected by the outbreak. All sectors of the U.S. economy have been significantly affected, including physicians. Physician groups of all specialties and sizes have experienced the financial effects of the pandemic. Hospitals have received billions of dollars to support and enable them to manage emergencies and cover the costs of the disruption. However, many vascular surgeons are under great financial pressure because of the postponement of all nonemergency procedures. The federal government has announced a myriad of programs in the form of grants and loans to reimburse physicians for some of their expenses and loss of revenue. It is more than likely that unless the public health emergency subsides significantly, many practices will experience dire consequences without additional financial assistance. We have attempted to provide a concise listing of such programs and resources available to assist vascular surgeons who are small businesses in accessing these opportunities."}, {"pmid": 32362340, "pmcid": "PMC7165289", "title": "COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure: what can we learn from aviation medicine?", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Ottestad, William", "Sovik, Signe"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362340", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473023, "title": "Playing the Cards We are Dealt: Covid-19 and Nursing Homes.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Lynn, Joanne"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473023", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338155, "pmcid": "PMC7241459", "title": "Rheumotologitsts' view on the use of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Sun, Xiaoxuan", "Ni, Yicheng", "Zhang, Miaojia"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338155", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) calls urgently for effective therapies. Anti-malarial medicine chloroquine (CQ) and particularly its chemical analogue hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been recommended as promising candidate therapeutics that are now under either compassionate off-label use or clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. However, there are public concerns and disputes about both the safety and efficacy of CQ and HCQ for this new application. Given the fact that for decades HCQ has been approved as an immunomodulatory drug for the long term treatment of chronic rheumatic diseases, as experienced rheumatologists, we would like to share our thoughts in this regard and trigger a brainstorm among clinical care providers for exchanging their diverse opinions on this urgent topic."}, {"pmid": 32380209, "pmcid": "PMC7198173", "title": "A highly pathogenic GI-19 lineage infectious bronchitis virus originated from multiple recombination events with broad tissue tropism.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Hou, Yutong", "Zhang, Lili", "Ren, Mengting", "Han, Zongxi", "Sun, Junfeng", "Zhao, Yan", "Liu, Shengwang"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the present study, an IBV strain I0305/19 was isolated from a diseased commercial broiler flock in 2019 in China with high morbidity and mortality. The isolate I0305/19 was clustered together with viruses in sublineage D of GI-19 lineage on the basis of the complete S1 sequence analysis. Isolate I0305/19 and other GI-19 viruses isolated in China have the amino acid sequence MIA at positions 110-112 in the S protein. Further analysis based on the complete genomic sequence showed that the isolate emerged through at least four recombination events between GI-19 ck/CH/LJS/120848- and GI-13 4/91-like strains, in which the S gene was found to be similar to that of the GI-19 ck/CH/LJS/120848-like strain. Pathological assessment showed the isolate was a nephropathogenic IBV strain that caused high morbidity of 100 % and mortality of 80 % in 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. The isolate I0305/19 exhibited broader tropisms in different tissues, including tracheas, lungs, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, liver, kidneys, proventriculus, small intestines, large intestines, cecum, and cecal tonsils. Furthermore, subpopulations of the virus were found in tissues of infected chickens; this finding is important in understanding how the virulent IBV strains can potentially replicate and evolve to cause disease. This information is also valuable for understanding the mechanisms of replication and evolution of other coronaviruses such as the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32339777, "pmcid": "PMC7175896", "title": "May IL-17 have a role in COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Megna, Matteo", "Napolitano, Maddalena", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339777", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32288230, "pmcid": "PMC7138154", "title": "Will the COVID-19 pandemic make us reconsider the relevance of short food supply chains and local productions?", "journal": "Trends Food Sci Technol", "authors": ["Cappelli, Alessio", "Cini, Enrico"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288230", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300823, "pmcid": "PMC7160613", "title": "[Telemedicine in the fight against SARS-COV-2-opportunities and possible applications in otorhinolaryngology : Narrative review].", "journal": "HNO", "authors": ["Hagge, Daniel", "Knopf, Andreas", "Hofauer, Benedikt"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300823", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19\u00a0pandemic is bringing healthcare systems worldwide to the brink of collapse. One reason for this is the rapidly increasing number of new infections. On the other hand, the high sickness rates of doctors and nurses, particularly in ENT medicine, are aggravating the situation. Telemedicine can be a\u00a0useful tool to reduce the number of physician-patient contacts. This could break infection chains and minimize the risk of infection for physicians. To prepare the review, a\u00a0selective literature search was conducted at www.pubmed.com using the relevant English technical terms for telemedicine and ENT. In addition, research was conducted at www.news.google.com on current developments of the COVID-19 pandemic with the search terms \"telemedicine\" and \"COVID-19.\" Telemedicine can be helpful in direct contact with patients as well as in the conciliar support of general practitioners. The available studies show that, on average, more than 50% of medical consultations could be carried out telemedically. Both physicians and patients rate the use of telemedicine positively. Neither image quality nor the handling of the technology are relevant obstacles to a\u00a0reliable diagnosis. Patients indicated that the telemedical consultation did not last longer than a\u00a0traditional consultation. Patients also highlighted the faster and better availability of medical care through telemedicine. Telemedicine can make a\u00a0decisive contribution to coping with the current COVID-19\u00a0pandemic. Furthermore, the establishment of telemedicine can help us to become better prepared for future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32376131, "pmcid": "PMC7177054", "title": "Psychiatry in the aftermath of COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment", "authors": ["Vieta, Eduard", "Perez, Victor", "Arango, Celso"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376131", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319446, "title": "[It's world war at CoViD-19. The first battle on the front of the viral invasion against the exitus for interstitial pneumonia was decisive.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Basta, Giuseppina", "Del Turco, Serena", "Caselli, Chiara", "Melani, Luca", "Vianello, Annamaria"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319446", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of a new coronavirus originating from Wuhan (China), responsible for a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), called SARS-CoV-2, is causing a pandemic disease called CoViD-19 (Coronavirus Disease-19), although strict containment measures and restrictions on individual travel have been taken everywhere to hinder the spread of the virus. The clinical spectrum of this infection includes, in order of lesser to greater severity, asymptomatic viremia, paucisymptomatic forms, clinical conditions characterized by respiratory failure that needs mechanical ventilation and support in an intensive care unit, systemic manifestations of infection, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. There is currently no vaccine to prevent CoViD-19, but the international scientific community is intensely focused on finding a vaccine that will prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. In the meanwhile, to prevent hospitals from risking collapse, it is crucial to stratify patients at high risk of poor lung progression, to find effective monitoring strategies, even at home, for the positive patients and/or those highly at risk of positivity of CoViD-19. Starting from the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of this infection up to the clinical characteristics of the infected patients, in this review we tried to focus on the crucial points of the infection in combination with the appropriateness of the medical intervention. We aim to offer indications of therapeutic intervention that are timely and, as far as possible, effective, targeted to the individual patient in relation to age, clinical condition and comorbidities. An early diagnosis associated with an appropriate therapeutic action in the initial stages of the disease can reduce the progression of CoViD-19 towards interstitial pneumonia, thus interfering with the number of transfers to intensive care and lethality of the pandemic in progress."}, {"pmid": 32513558, "title": "The Importance of Physical Activity to Care for Frail Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Aubertin-Leheudre, Mylene", "Rolland, Yves"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513558", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398216, "title": "Monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa: focusing on health facility admissions and deaths.", "journal": "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis", "authors": ["Harries, A D", "Martinez, L", "Chakaya, J M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424028, "title": "Antimalarial use and arrhythmias in COVID-19 and rheumatic patients: a matter of dose and inflammation?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Erre, Gian Luca", "Ferraccioli, Edoardo Sean", "Piga, Matteo", "Mangoni, Arduino", "Passiu, Giuseppe", "Gremese, Elisa", "Ferraccioli, Gianfranco"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424028", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222336, "pmcid": "PMC7118675", "title": "Initial rapid and proactive response for the COVID-19 outbreak - Taiwan's experience.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Cheng, Hao-Yuan", "Li, Shu-Ying", "Yang, Chin-Hui"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222336", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196070, "title": "Practical Aspects of Otolaryngologic Clinical Services During the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Epidemic: An Experience in Hong Kong.", "journal": "JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Chan, Jason Y K", "Wong, Eddy W Y", "Lam, Wayne"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196070", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515500, "title": "Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 320 deceased Covid-19 patients in an Italian Province: a retrospective observational study.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Biagi, Andrea", "Rossi, Luca", "Malagoli, Alessandro", "Zanni, Alessia", "Sticozzi, Concetta", "Comastri, Greta", "Gandolfi, Stefano", "Villani, Giovanni Quinto"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515500", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Studies have described clinical features of Covid-19 patients. However, limited data concerning the clinical characteristics of the Italian deaths are available. We aim to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 320 deceased from the Italian experience. We retrospectively collected all consecutive non-survivor patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 infection admitted to the Emergency Rooms (ER) Piacenza Hospital Network during the first month of Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. Clinical history, comorbidities, laboratory findings and treatment were recorded for each patient. A total of 1050 patients with confirmed Covid-19 pneumonia were admitted to the ERs between 24 February,2020, and 22 March,2020. 320 (30.5%) patients died with a median age of 78.0 years, 205 (64%) non-survivors were above 65 years old, 230 (71.9 %) were male. Non-survivor patients showed frequently several coexisting medical conditions, with hypertension being the most common comorbidity (235 patients, 73.4%). The in-hospital mortality did not change during the progression of the pandemic. In this retrospective Italian study, most of Covid-19 deceased patients were elderly male aged over than 65 years. Hypertension was the most common coexisting disease. In-hospital mortality was high and showed no variation during the first month of the Covid-19 italian epidemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32415260, "pmcid": "PMC7227451", "title": "Key residues of the receptor binding motif in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that interact with ACE2 and neutralizing antibodies.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Yi, Chunyan", "Sun, Xiaoyu", "Ye, Jing", "Ding, Longfei", "Liu, Meiqin", "Yang, Zhuo", "Lu, Xiao", "Zhang, Yaguang", "Ma, Liyang", "Gu, Wangpeng", "Qu, Aidong", "Xu, Jianqing", "Shi, Zhengli", "Ling, Zhiyang", "Sun, Bing"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415260", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is currently a major threat to public health worldwide. The viral spike protein binds the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) via the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and thus is believed to be a major target to block viral entry. Both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV share this mechanism. Here we functionally analyzed the key amino acid residues located within receptor binding motif of RBD that may interact with human ACE2 and available neutralizing antibodies. The in vivo experiments showed that immunization with either the SARS-CoV RBD or SARS-CoV-2 RBD was able to induce strong clade-specific neutralizing antibodies in mice; however, the cross-neutralizing activity was much weaker, indicating that there are distinct antigenic features in the RBDs of the two viruses. This finding was confirmed with the available neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2. It is worth noting that a newly developed SARS-CoV-2 human antibody, HA001, was able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2, but failed to recognize SARS-CoV. Moreover, the potential epitope residues of HA001 were identified as A475 and F486 in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, representing new binding sites for neutralizing antibodies. Overall, our study has revealed the presence of different key epitopes between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, which indicates the necessity to develop new prophylactic vaccine and antibody drugs for specific control of the COVID-19 pandemic although the available agents obtained from the SARS-CoV study are unneglectable."}, {"pmid": 32259120, "pmcid": "PMC7114708", "title": "Daily Situation Report on Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran; March 15, 2020.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259120", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After detection of the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Iran, the National Committee on COVID-19 Epidemiology in Ministry of Health and Medical Education was established. This Committee is official source of gathering, analyzing, and reporting the COVID-19 data in Iran. The data of all sources in the country including, medical care monitoring center (MCMC), Hospitals' Information Systems (HIS), Laboratory portal, the data of the center for communicable disease control (MOH), as well as the data from community health centers are integrated and used in this regards. This factsheet contain daily situation report on coronavirus disease (covid-19) in Iran; March 15, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32451602, "pmcid": "PMC7247776", "title": "Lung perfusion [(99m)Tc]-MAA SPECT/CT to rule out pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients with contraindications for iodine contrast.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Burger, Irene A", "Niemann, Tilo", "Patriki, Dimitri", "Fontana, Francois", "Beer, Jurg-Hans"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451602", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386894, "pmcid": "PMC7252003", "title": "COVID-19: a pandemic of values.", "journal": "Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Castells, Antoni"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386894", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471013, "title": "Low prevalence and disease severity of COVID-19 in post liver transplant recipients - a single centre experience.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Verma, Anita", "Khorsandi, Shirin Elizabeth", "Dolcet, Annalisa", "Prachalias, Andreas", "Suddle, Abid", "Heaton, Nigel", "Jassem, Wayel"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471013", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is driving a present day global pandemic. Immunosuppressed patients are regarded as a high risk cohort. The following is a short report on COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients (n=5) from a high volume UK liver transplant unit with a large follow up cohort (n=4500). Based on this limited data, liver transplant recipients appear to have a low incidence of COVID-19, with less severe symptoms than expected, when compared to the general population and other solid organ recipients. This possibly could be related to self-isolation adherence and/or the \"ideal\" level of immunosuppression that favourably modulates the immune response to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32351037, "pmcid": "PMC7267440", "title": "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 333 confirmed cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Yu, Xiao", "Sun, Xiaodong", "Cui, Peng", "Pan, Hao", "Lin, Sheng", "Han, Ruobing", "Jiang, Chenyan", "Fang, Qiwen", "Kong, Dechuan", "Zhu, Yiyi", "Zheng, Yaxu", "Gong, Xiaohuan", "Xiao, Wenjia", "Mao, Shenghua", "Jin, Bihong", "Wu, Huanyu", "Fu, Chen"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351037", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease first identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. As of 19 February 2020,\u00a0there had been 333 confirmed cases reported in Shanghai, China. This study elaborates on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 based on a descriptive study of the 333 patients infected with COVID-19 in Shanghai for the purpose of probing into this new disease and providing reference. Among the 333 confirmed cases in Shanghai, 172 (51.7%) were males and 161 (48.3%) were females, with a median age of 50\u00a0years. 299 (89.8%) cases presented mild symptoms. 139 (41.7%) and 111 (33.3%) cases were infected in Wuhan and Shanghai, respectively. 148 (44.4%) cases once had contact with confirmed cases before onset, while 103 (30.9%) cases had never contacted confirmed cases but they had a sojourn history in Wuhan. The onset date of the first case in Shanghai was 28 December, with the peak appearing on 27 January. The median incubation period of COVID-19 was estimated to be 7.2\u00a0days. 207 (62.2%) cases had fever symptoms at the onset, whereas 273 (82.0%) cases experienced fever before hospitalization. 56 (18.6%) adults experienced a decrease in white blood cell and 84 (42.9%) had increased C-reactive protein after onset. Elderly, male and heart disease history\u00a0were risk factors for severe or critical pneumonia. These findings suggest that most cases experienced fever symptoms and had mild pneumonia. Strengthening the health management of elderly men, especially those with underlying diseases, may help reduce the incidence of severe and critical pneumonia. Time intervals from onset to visit, hospitalization and diagnosis confirmed were all shortened after Shanghai's first-level public health emergency response. Shanghai's experience proves that COVID-19 can be controlled well in megacities."}, {"pmid": 32474406, "title": "The rediscovery of hydroxychloroquine in allergic diseases in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Bonzano, L", "Cassone, G", "Tarallo, L", "Pellacani, G"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474406", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281317, "pmcid": "PMC7152526", "title": "Use of Convalescent Plasma Therapy in Two COVID-19 Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Ahn, Jin Young", "Sohn, Yujin", "Lee, Su Hwan", "Cho, Yunsuk", "Hyun, Jong Hoon", "Baek, Yae Jee", "Jeong, Su Jin", "Kim, Jung Ho", "Ku, Nam Su", "Yeom, Joon Sup", "Roh, Juhye", "Ahn, Mi Young", "Chin, Bum Sik", "Kim, Young Sam", "Lee, Hyukmin", "Yong, Dongeun", "Kim, Hyun Ok", "Kim, Sinyoung", "Choi, Jun Yong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281317", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 not yet has established its treatment, but convalescent plasma has been expected to increase survival rates as in the case with other emerging viral infections. We describe two cases of COVID-19 treated with convalescent plasma infusion. Both patients presented severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome and showed a favorable outcome after the use of convalescent plasma in addition to systemic corticosteroid. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19 in Korea."}, {"pmid": 32433449, "title": "Clinical Implications of Universal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Testing in Pregnancy.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Miller, Emily S", "Grobman, William A", "Sakowicz, Allie", "Rosati, Jessica", "Peaceman, Alan M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433449", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246819, "pmcid": "PMC7156878", "title": "Pulmonary High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) Findings of Patients with Early-Stage Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hangzhou, China.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Gao, Lulu", "Zhang, Jianjun"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246819", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the imaging manifestations of early-stage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to provide imaging basis for early detection of suspected cases and stratified intervention. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 20 January 2020 to 2 February 2020, 6 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, including 1 male and 5 females, were retrospectively reviewed in Zhejiang Hospital. These cases were clinically assessed and classified as common COVID-19. All patients underwent thoracic high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) within 2 days after the onset of symptoms, and their images were viewed by 2 radiologists who were blind to their clinical records. RESULTS CT images of 6 confirmed patients were collected. Two of the 6 patients (33.3%) had bilateral lung involvements and 4 (66.7%) had single-lung involvement. Two cases (33.3%) had a single lesion, 2 cases (33.3%) had 2 lesions, and 2 cases (33.3%) had multiple lesions. There were 2 cases (33.3%) with focal subpleural distribution and 1 case (16.7%) along the bronchial vascular bundle. Five cases (83.3%) had ground-glass opacities, 4 cases (66.7%) had ground-glass nodules, 1 case (16.7%) had thickened lobular septum, 2 cases (33.3%) had thickened bronchial wall, 2 cases (33.3%) had halo sign,1 case (16.7%) had crazy-paving sign, and 1 case (16.7%) had tree-in-bud sign. CONCLUSIONS The imaging manifestations of early-stage COVID-19 are relatively mild, and the imaging findings of some patients are not typical, which can easily lead to missed diagnoses. Thus, suspected cases need to be closely monitored, and epidemiological history and clinical laboratory examination should also be considered during diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32317401, "title": "Covid-19: US governors call for government help to secure more tests.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317401", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511825, "title": "Short-term acceptability by patients and psychiatrists of the turn to psychiatric teleconsultation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Colle, Romain", "Ait Tayeb, Abd El Kader", "de Larminat, Delphine", "Commery, Line", "Boniface, Bruno", "Lasica, Pierre-Alexandre", "Gressier, Florence", "Mecifi, Rima", "Rotenberg, Samuel", "Rigal, Adrien", "Zitoun, Sarah", "Mezzacappa, Antonia", "Nicolicea, Cerasella", "Chaneac, Edouard", "Martin, Severine", "Choucha, Walid", "Hardy, Patrick", "Schouman-Claeys, Elisabeth", "Corruble, Emmanuelle"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511825", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240285, "pmcid": "PMC7184399", "title": "First Mildly Ill, Non-Hospitalized Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Without Viral Transmission in the United States - Maricopa County, Arizona, 2020.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Scott, Sarah E", "Zabel, Karen", "Collins, Jennifer", "Hobbs, Katherine C", "Kretschmer, Melissa J", "Lach, Mitchell", "Turnbow, Katie", "Speck, Lindsay", "White, Jessica R", "Maldonado, Keila", "Howard, Brandon", "Fowler, Jeanene", "Singh, Sonia", "Robinson, Susan", "Pompa, Alexandra Peterson", "Chatham-Stephens, Kevin", "Xie, Amy", "Cates, Jordan", "Lindstrom, Stephen", "Lu, Xiaoyan", "Rolfes, Melissa A", "Flanagan, Marcy", "Sunenshine, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240285", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a range of illness severity. Mild illness has been reported, but whether illness severity correlates with infectivity is unknown. We describe the public health investigation of a mildly ill, non-hospitalized COVID-19 case who traveled to China. The case was a Maricopa County resident with multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive specimens collected on January 22, 2020. Contacts were persons exposed to the case on or after the day before case diagnostic specimen collection. Contacts were monitored for 14 days after last known exposure. High-risk contacts had close, prolonged case contact (\u226510 minutes within 2 meters). Medium-risk contacts wore all U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended personal protective equipment during interactions. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal (NP/OP) specimens were collected from the case and high-risk contacts and tested for SARS-CoV-2. Paired case NP/OP specimens were collected for SARS-CoV-2 testing at 11 time points. In 8 pairs (73%), \u22651 specimen tested positive or indeterminate, and in 3 pairs (27%) both tested negative. Specimens collected 18 days after diagnosis tested positive. Sixteen contacts were identified; 11 (69%) had high-risk exposure, including 1 intimate contact, and 5 (31%) had medium-risk exposure. In total, 35 high-risk contact NP/OP specimens were collected for SARS-CoV-2 testing; all 35 pairs (100%) tested negative. This report demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause mild illness and result in positive tests for up to 18 days after diagnosis, without evidence of transmission to close contacts. These data might inform public health strategies to manage individuals with asymptomatic infection or mild illness."}, {"pmid": 32461062, "pmcid": "PMC7246004", "title": "Modelling SARS-COV2 Spread in London: Approaches to Lift the Lockdown.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Gosce, Lara", "Phillips, Professor Andrew", "Spinola, P", "Gupta, Dr Rishi K", "Abubakar, Professor Ibrahim"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461062", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To use mathematical models to predict the epidemiological impact of lifting the lockdown in London, UK, and alternative strategies to help inform policy in the UK. A mathematical model for the transmission of SARS-CoV2 in London. The model was parametrised using data on notified cases, deaths, contacts, and mobility to analyse the epidemic in the UK capital. We investigated the impact of multiple non pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and combinations of these measures on future incidence of COVID-19. Immediate action at the early stages of an epidemic in the affected districts would have tackled spread. While an extended lockdown is highly effective, other measures such as shielding older populations, universal testing and facemasks can all potentially contribute to a reduction of infections and deaths. However, based on current evidence it seems unlikely they will be as effective as continued lockdown. In order to achieve elimination and lift lockdown within 5 months, the best strategy seems to be a combination of weekly universal testing, contact tracing and use of facemasks, with concurrent lockdown. This approach could potentially reduce deaths by 48% compared with continued lockdown alone. A combination of NPIs such as universal testing, contact tracing and mask use while under lockdown would be associated with least deaths and infections. This approach would require high uptake and sustained local effort but it is potentially feasible as may lead to elimination in a relatively short time scale."}, {"pmid": 32246503, "pmcid": "PMC7228266", "title": "SARS-COV-2 and infectivity: Possible increase in infectivity associated to integrin motif expression.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Tresoldi, Ilaria", "Sangiuolo, Carla F", "Manzari, Vittorio", "Modesti, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246503", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340837, "pmcid": "PMC7166016", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine in Covid-19: Does the end justify the means?", "journal": "Curr Res Transl Med", "authors": ["Yakoub-Agha, Ibrahim"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340837", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335513, "title": "Incidence and Clinical Course of COVID-19 in Patients with Connective Tissue Diseases: A Descriptive Observational Analysis.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Favalli, Ennio Giulio", "Agape, Elena", "Caporali, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335513", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019 in China has very quickly become a global health emergency, with almost 2 million infected patients worldwide1 Along with the spread of the pandemic, there has been growing concern about the management of fragile patients with rheumatic conditions."}, {"pmid": 32284182, "pmcid": "PMC7128886", "title": "Reflections arising from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Enferm Intensiva", "authors": ["Raurell-Torreda, M", "Martinez-Estalella, G", "Frade-Mera, M J", "Carrasco Rodriguez-Rey, L F", "Romero de San Pio, E"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284182", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While we were drafting the recommendations for the joint contingency plan between the Spanish Society of Intensive Care and Coronary Unit Nursing (SEEIUC) and the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC), predictions were overtaken by events with regard to the magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic. Members informed us of the lack of personal protection equipment (PPE), the rapid provision of improvised ICUs in various hospital areas and the recruitment of nurses to cover shifts. The failure to recognise the specialty of critical care nursing, included in the macro-specialty of medical-surgical nursing and not yet developed, has highlighted the urgent need to learn from our mistakes: specialisation, increase the number of nurses in teams and protect the public health system."}, {"pmid": 32502091, "title": "Incidental CT Findings Suspicious for COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia on Nuclear Medicine Examinations: Recognition and Management Plan.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Tulchinsky, Mark", "Fotos, Joseph S", "Slonimsky, Einat"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502091", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some patients undergoing routine SPECT/CT and PET/CT examinations during the COVID-19 pandemic may incidentally reveal findings of COVID-19-associated pneumonia (C-19AP) on localizing CT. It is critical for nuclear medicine physicians to develop diagnostic skills for timely recognition of typical findings of C-19AP on a localizing CT. Furthermore, it is our responsibility to know the optimal practices for safely isolating and managing such patients while protecting the staff, other patients at the facility, family and/or friend accompanying the patients, and the public in general from risky exposure to COVID-19 sources. We offer several steps following an encounter suspicious of C-19AP."}, {"pmid": 32216961, "pmcid": "PMC7118637", "title": "Imaging manifestations and diagnostic value of chest CT of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Xiaogan area.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Wang, K", "Kang, S", "Tian, R", "Zhang, X", "Zhang, X", "Wang, Y"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216961", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report the epidemiological, clinical, and radiological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Xiaogan, Hubei, China. The complete clinical and imaging data of 114 confirmed COVID-19 patients treated in Xiaogan Hospital were analysed retrospectively. Data were gathered regarding the presence of chest computed tomography (CT) abnormalities; the distribution, morphology, density, location, and stage of abnormal shadows on chest CT; and observing the correlation between the severity of chest infection and lymphocyte ratio and blood oxygen saturation (SPO2) in patients. Chest CT revealed abnormal lung shadows in 110 patients. Regarding lesion distribution, multi-lobe lesions in both lungs were present in most patients (80 cases; 72.7%). Lesions most frequently involved both the peripheral zone and the central zone (62 cases; 56.4%). Regarding lesion morphology, 56 cases (50.1%) demonstrated patchy shadows that were partially fused into large areas. Thirty cases showed ground-glass opacity (27.3%), 30 cases showed the consolidation change (27.3%), and the remaining 50 cases showed both types of changes (45.4%). The progressing stage was the most common stage (54 cases; 49.1%). CT results showed a negative correlation with SPO2 and lymphocyte numbers (p<0.05), with r-values of -0.446 and -0.780, respectively. Spiral CT is a sensitive examination method, which can be applied to make an early diagnosis and for evaluation of progression, with a diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy better than that of nucleic acid detection."}, {"pmid": 32507569, "title": "Psychiatric emergency department volume during Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Goldenberg, Matthew N", "Parwani, Vivek"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507569", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298461, "pmcid": "PMC7262185", "title": "How we deal with the COVID-19 epidemic in an Italian paediatric onco-haematology clinic located in a region with a high density of cases.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Sainati, Laura", "Biffi, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298461", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271372, "pmcid": "PMC7184467", "title": "Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic Infectors: Hidden Sources of COVID-19 Disease.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Guanjian", "Li, Weiran", "He, Xiaojin", "Cao, Yunxia"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271372", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387274, "pmcid": "PMC7174172", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 and men's reproductive health.", "journal": "Fertil Steril", "authors": ["Eisenberg, Michael L"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387274", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501607, "title": "Selective C-reactive protein (CRP) apheresis for Covid-19 patients suffering from organ damage.", "journal": "Ther Apher Dial", "authors": ["Kayser, Stefan", "Kunze, Rudolf", "Sheriff, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501607", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32165205, "pmcid": "PMC7126344", "title": "Atypical lung feature on chest CT in a lung adenocarcinoma cancer patient infected with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Qu, J", "Yang, R", "Song, L", "Kamel, I R"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165205", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531625, "pmcid": "PMC7273133", "title": "Earthquakes, economic crisis and, now, COVID-19: the cry of yell of Central Italy.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["De Berardis, Domenico", "Fornaro, Michele", "Vellante, Federica", "Orsolini, Laura", "Tomasetti, Carmine", "Ventriglio, Antonio", "Giannantonio, Massimo Di"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531625", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32200645, "pmcid": "PMC7233342", "title": "Lung Recruitability in COVID-19-associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Single-Center Observational Study.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Pan, Chun", "Chen, Lu", "Lu, Cong", "Zhang, Wei", "Xia, Jia-An", "Sklar, Michael C", "Du, Bin", "Brochard, Laurent", "Qiu, Haibo"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200645", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343807, "pmcid": "PMC7197567", "title": "The Elderly & COVID-19: Cocooning or Culling: - the choice is ours.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Donnelly, Sinead"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343807", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32138266, "pmcid": "PMC7084229", "title": "Potential Factors Influencing Repeated SARS Outbreaks in China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Sun, Zhong", "Thilakavathy, Karuppiah", "Kumar, S Suresh", "He, Guozhong", "Liu, Shi V"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32138266", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Within last 17 years two widespread epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in China, which were caused by related coronaviruses (CoVs): SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Although the origin(s) of these viruses are still unknown and their occurrences in nature are mysterious, some general patterns of their pathogenesis and epidemics are noticeable. Both viruses utilize the same receptor-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-for invading human bodies. Both epidemics occurred in cold dry winter seasons celebrated with major holidays, and started in regions where dietary consumption of wildlife is a fashion. Thus, if bats were the natural hosts of SARS-CoVs, cold temperature and low humidity in these times might provide conducive environmental conditions for prolonged viral survival in these regions concentrated with bats. The widespread existence of these bat-carried or -released viruses might have an easier time in breaking through human defenses when harsh winter makes human bodies more vulnerable. Once succeeding in making some initial human infections, spreading of the disease was made convenient with increased social gathering and holiday travel. These natural and social factors influenced the general progression and trajectory of the SARS epidemiology. However, some unique factors might also contribute to the origination of SARS in Wuhan. These factors are discussed in different scenarios in order to promote more research for achieving final validation."}, {"pmid": 32227489, "pmcid": "PMC7228269", "title": "Concerns regarding calculation of fatality rate of Chinese samples in COVID-19 meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kempton, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227489", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265194, "title": "Covid-19: Why Germany's case fatality rate seems so low.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Stafford, Ned"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265194", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247691, "pmcid": "PMC7194624", "title": "Fighting the battle against SARS-CoV-2 as gastroenterologists in Italy.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Pagnini, Cristiano", "Urgesi, Riccardo", "Di Paolo, Maria Carla", "Graziani, Maria Giovanna"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247691", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486846, "title": "Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: Is the Benefit to Risk Ratio Still Favorable?", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Koufakis, Theocharis", "Metallidis, Symeon", "Zebekakis, Pantelis", "Ajjan, Ramzi A", "Kotsa, Kalliopi"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486846", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534140, "title": "Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Isolation Ward Environment 28 Days after Exposure.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhou, Yunyun", "Zeng, Yuyang", "Chen, Changzheng"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534140", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217530, "title": "Covid-19: medical schools given powers to graduate final year students early to help NHS.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Harvey, Anna"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217530", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344113, "pmcid": "PMC7194519", "title": "The effect of uncontrolled travelers and social distancing on the spread of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Colombia.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gomez-Rios, David", "Ramirez-Malule, Diego", "Ramirez-Malule, Howard"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344113", "countries": ["Colombia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446685, "pmcid": "PMC7198204", "title": "Acute pericarditis due to COVID-19 infection: An underdiagnosed disease?", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Tung-Chen, Yale"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446685", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404735, "title": "Responding to the COVID-19 crisis: if not now, then when?", "journal": "Plast Reconstr Surg", "authors": ["Ganesh Kumar, Nishant", "Garfein, Evan S", "Cederna, Paul S", "Vercler, Christian J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404735", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418029, "pmcid": "PMC7229874", "title": "Surgical Strategy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a University Metropolitan Hospital in Milan, Italy.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Mariani, Nicolo M", "Pisani Ceretti, Andrea", "Fedele, Veronica", "Barabino, Matteo", "Nicastro, Vincenzo", "Giovenzana, Marco", "Scifo, Giovanna", "De Nicola, Enrico", "Opocher, Enrico"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418029", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly, forcing some drastic changes not only in our daily lives, but also in our clinical and surgical activities. Given our extensive Italian experience, we hereby describe how our surgical unit activity has changed and how, in some cases, it was necessary to modify surgical strategies. We hope our experience can be shared with our global colleagues who are suffering under similar condition."}, {"pmid": 32362035, "pmcid": "PMC7267414", "title": "Treating COVID-19 in Rural America.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Dandachi, Dima", "Reece, Rebecca", "Wang, Elizabeth W", "Nelson, Taylor", "Rojas-Moreno, Christian", "Shoemaker, D Matthew"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362035", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437278, "title": "Supporting Social Distancing for COVID-19 Mitigation Through Community-Based Volunteer Networks.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Kobokovich, Amanda L", "Hosangadi, Divya", "Rivers, Caitlin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437278", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent experiences during a variety of disease outbreaks, ranging from Ebola to influenza, have underscored the potential for epidemics to have an impact on daily life, even for those who are not themselves infected.1,2 In severe situations, epidemics or pandemics can even affect overall community functioning. For example, a rapidly expanding pandemic can result in shuttered schools, cancelled events, food insecurity, and social distrust in communities. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 21, 2020: e1-e2. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305740)."}, {"pmid": 32327199, "pmcid": "PMC7129041", "title": "World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology Position Statement: How to Perform a Safe Ultrasound Examination and Clean Equipment in the Context of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ultrasound Med Biol", "authors": ["Abramowicz, J S", "Basseal, J M"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327199", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516380, "title": "Covid-19's Impact on Podiatry in Chicago's Largest Public Hospital.", "journal": "J Am Podiatr Med Assoc", "authors": ["Putnam, Sara", "Fleischer, Adam E"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516380", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350002, "title": "Treatment of patients with nonsevere and severe coronavirus disease 2019: an evidence-based guideline.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Ye, Zhikang", "Rochwerg, Bram", "Wang, Ying", "Adhikari, Neill K", "Murthy, Srinivas", "Lamontagne, Francois", "Fowler, Robert A", "Qiu, Haibo", "Wei, Li", "Sang, Ling", "Loeb, Mark", "Shen, Ning", "Huang, Minhua", "Jiang, Zhaonan", "Arabi, Yaseen M", "Colunga-Lozano, Luis Enrique", "Jiang, Li", "Koh, Younsuck", "Liu, Dong", "Liu, Fang", "Phua, Jason", "Shen, Aizong", "Huo, Tianyi", "Du, Bin", "Zhai, Suodi", "Guyatt, Gordon H"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350002", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373994, "title": "Could host cell receptor alteration prevent SARS-CoV-2 viral entry? - Hype or hope.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Paulpandi, M", "Kavithaa, K", "Asaikkutty, A", "Balachandar, V", "Ayyadurai, N", "Arul, N"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373994", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cell-surface receptors are the inviters of many potent pathogens that can adjust to any kind of circumstance for their existence. Many of these organisms are highly resistant to the currently existing drugs and mutate to new strains with high levels of pathogenesis, posing life-threatening consequences. Owing to such concerns, antiviral strategies are being assessed based on host cell receptor targeting. Many natural compounds with a tendency to strip off the cell surface receptors are under evaluation. Compounds that are non-toxic, patient friendly, and yield a quick output are essential for the current scenario. Drugs targeting the cell surface receptors should, therefore, be developed and standardized for the effective management of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection."}, {"pmid": 32151274, "pmcid": "PMC7063757", "title": "Preparing for COVID-19: early experience from an intensive care unit in Singapore.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Liew, Mei Fong", "Siow, Wen Ting", "MacLaren, Graeme", "See, Kay Choong"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151274", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424060, "pmcid": "PMC7242871", "title": "The healthcare worker at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Jewish ethical perspective.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Solnica, Amy", "Barski, Leonid", "Jotkowitz, Alan"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424060", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has raised many questions and dilemmas for modern day ethicists and healthcare providers. Are physicians, nurses and other healthcare workers morally obligated to put themselves in harm's way and treat patients during a pandemic, occurring a great risk to themselves, their families and potentially to other patients? The issue was relevant during the 1918 influenza epidemic and more recently severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in 2003. Since the risk to the healthcare workers was great, there was tension between the ethical duty and responsibility to treat and the risk to one's own life. This tension was further noted during the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa that left hundreds of healthcare workers dead. The AMA Code of Ethics states that physicians are to 'provide urgent medical care during disasters\u2026even in the face of greater than usual risk to physicians' own safety, health or life.'1 Classic Jewish sources have dealt with this question as well. There is an obligation 'to not stand by idly when your friends life is in danger'; however, the question arises as to whether there are limits to this obligation? Is one required to risk one's own life to save another's? There is a consensus that one is not required but the question open to debate is whether it is praiseworthy to do so. However, regarding healthcare workers, there is agreement for ethical, professional and societal reasons that they are required to put themselves in harm's way to care for their patients."}, {"pmid": 32248989, "pmcid": "PMC7127630", "title": "Behavioral and Emotional Disorders in Children during the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Jiao, Wen Yan", "Wang, Lin Na", "Liu, Juan", "Fang, Shuan Feng", "Jiao, Fu Yong", "Pettoello-Mantovani, Massimo", "Somekh, Eli"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248989", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373991, "title": "In silico screening of natural compounds against COVID-19 by targeting Mpro and ACE2 using molecular docking.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Joshi, T", "Joshi, T", "Sharma, P", "Mathpal, S", "Pundir, H", "Bhatt, V", "Chandra, S"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373991", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Spain", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, Coronavirus COVID-19 is spreading worldwide very rapidly and its control is very difficult because there is no effective vaccine or drugs available in markets. This virus can infect both animals and people and cause illnesses of the respiratory tract. WHO has declared Coronavirus as pandemic and the whole world is fighting against Coronavirus. Globally, more than 199,478 people have been diagnosed with COVID-19. As of March 18, 2020, more than 167 countries have been affected and more than 8000 deaths have been reported. The main country being affected is China followed by Italy, Iran, Spain, France, and the USA. Since there are no effective drugs available against Coronavirus, we conducted virtual screening of phytochemicals to find novel compounds against this virus. Hence, we created a phytochemical library of 318 phytochemicals from 11 plants which have been reported as antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activity. The phytochemical library was subjected to virtual screening against molecular targets; Main protease (Mpro) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). Top 10 compounds were selected from each target which had better and significantly low binding energy as compared to the reference molecule. Based on the binding energy score, we suggest that these compounds can be tested against Coronavirus and used to develop effective antiviral drugs."}, {"pmid": 32525881, "title": "Japanese citizens' behavioral changes and preparedness against COVID-19: An online survey during the early phase of the pandemic.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Muto, Kaori", "Yamamoto, Isamu", "Nagasu, Miwako", "Tanaka, Mikihito", "Wada, Koji"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525881", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Japanese government instituted countermeasures against COVID-19, a pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus, in January 2020. Seeking \"people's behavioral changes,\" in which the government called on the public to take precautionary measures or exercise self-restraint, was one of the important strategies. The purpose of this study is to investigate how and from when Japanese citizens have changed their precautionary behavior under circumstances in which the government has only requested their cooperation. This study uses micro data from a cross-sectional survey conducted on an online platform of an online research company, based on quota sampling that is representative of the Japanese population. By the end of March 2020, a total of 11,342 respondents, aged from 20 to 64 years, were recruited. About 85 percent reported practising the social distancing measures recommended by the government including more females than males and more older than younger participants. Frequent handwashing is conducted by 86 percent of all participants, 92 percent of female, and 87.9 percent of over-40 participants. The most important event influencing these precautionary actions was the infection aboard the Diamond Princess cruise ship, which occurred in early February 2020 (23 percent). Information from the central and local governments, received by 60 percent of the participants, was deemed trustworthy by 50 percent. However, the results also showed that about 20 percent of the participants were reluctant to implement proper prevention measures. The statistical analysis indicated that the typical characteristics of those people were male, younger (under 30 years old), unmarried, from lower-income households, a drinking or smoking habit, and a higher extraversion score. To prevent the spread of infection in Japan, it is imperative to address these individuals and encourage their behavioural changes using various means to reach and influence them."}, {"pmid": 32500283, "pmcid": "PMC7272106", "title": "ACMT Position Statement: Off-Label Prescribing during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Toxicol", "authors": ["Stolbach, Andrew I", "Mazer-Amirshahi, Maryann", "Marino, Ryan", "Nelson, Lewis S", "Sugarman, Jeremy"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500283", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390190, "pmcid": "PMC7272860", "title": "Mask-induced contact dermatitis in handling COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Contact Dermatitis", "authors": ["Xie, Zhen", "Yang, Yu-Xin", "Zhang, Hao"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390190", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348405, "title": "How Brazil can hold back COVID-19.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber de", "Duarte, Elisete", "Franca, Giovanny Vinicius Araujo de", "Garcia, Leila Posenato"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348405", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article presents the strategies and actions adopted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health to hold back COVID-19. The response to the disease was immediate and occurred prior to the first case being detected in Brazil. Provision of information and communication to the population and the press was adopted as a fundamental strategy for addressing the epidemic. Guidance provided to the population has been clear, stressing the importance of coronavirus transmission prevention measures. Efforts have been directed towards strengthening health surveillance and health care, as well as boosting research, development and innovation. Actions have targeted human resource training and expanding coverage afforded by the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). Protecting health workers is a priority. All SUS health workers, managers and directors are dedicated to preserving the health and life of each and every Brazilian citizen."}, {"pmid": 32404340, "title": "No evidence so far on the protective effect of hydroxychloroquine to prevent COVID-19: response to the comment by Joob and Wiwanitkit.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Romao, Vasco C", "Cruz-Machado, Ana Rita", "Fonseca, Joao Eurico"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404340", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239761, "title": "COVID-19 in a designated infectious diseases hospital outside Hubei Province, China.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Cai, Qingxian", "Huang, Deliang", "Ou, Pengcheng", "Yu, Hong", "Zhu, Zhibin", "Xia, Zhang", "Su, Yinan", "Ma, Zhenghua", "Zhang, Yiming", "Li, Zhiwei", "He, Qing", "Liu, Lei", "Fu, Yang", "Chen, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239761", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) patients outside the epicenter of Hubei Province are less understood. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical features of all COVID-2019 cases in the only referral hospital in Shenzhen City, China, from January 11, 2020, to February 6, 2020, and followed until March 6, 2020. Among the 298 confirmed cases, 233 (81.5%) had been to Hubei, while 42 (14%) did not have a clear travel history. Only 218 (73.15%) cases had a fever as the initial symptom. Compared with the nonsevere cases, severe cases were associated with older age, those with underlying diseases, and higher levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Slower clearance of the virus was associated with a higher risk of progression to critical condition. As of March 6, 2020, 268 (89.9%) patients were discharged and the overall case fatality ratio was 1.0%. In a designated hospital outside Hubei Province, COVID-2019 patients could be effectively managed by properly using the existing hospital system. Mortality may be lowered when cases are relatively mild, and there are sufficient medical resources to care and treat the disease."}, {"pmid": 32454982, "pmcid": "PMC7233677", "title": "Amid COVID-19: the importance of developing an positive adverse drug reaction (ADR) and medical device incident (MDI) reporting culture for Global Health and public safety.", "journal": "J Pharm Policy Pract", "authors": ["Elbeddini, Ali", "Yeats, Aniko", "Lee, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454982", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amid COVID-19 Crisis, reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and medical device incidents (MDIs) to Health Canada or health authorities in every country is crucial for monitoring medication safety and improving public health. Health Canada, for example, through their online database, has facilitated the process of reporting side effects relating to drugs and medical devices. However, several patients and health care professionals still fail to voluntarily report adverse events. For health care providers, some barriers to reporting may include fear of negative feedback, apathy, legal concerns, and uncertainty about whether an incident qualifies as an ADR. In the current COVID-19 Crisis, it is especially important for health care providers to be diligent about reporting Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), since misinformation propagated by the media is causing patients to misuse certain medications. We need to shift the current thought process about ADR reporting in order to encourage a positive reporting culture by patients and health care providers."}, {"pmid": 32151318, "pmcid": "PMC7129385", "title": "Managing neonates with respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2 - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Wang, Jianhui", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151318", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273382, "title": "Covid-19: Japan declares state of emergency as Tokyo cases soar.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Looi, Mun-Keat"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273382", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32144115, "title": "Covid-19: are we getting the communications right?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Cowper, Andy"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144115", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361069, "pmcid": "PMC7190504", "title": "Development of a surgical workforce access team in the battle against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Sheth, Parth D", "Simons, Jessica P", "Robichaud, Devon I", "Ciaranello, Andrea L", "Schanzer, Andres"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361069", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436017, "pmcid": "PMC7239351", "title": "Surgical resection for liver cancer during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Triki, Haitham", "Jeddou, Heithem", "Boudjema, Karim"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436017", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211799, "pmcid": "PMC7184379", "title": "Routes for COVID-19 importation in Brazil.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Candido, Darlan Da S", "Watts, Alexander", "Abade, Leandro", "Kraemer, Moritz U G", "Pybus, Oliver G", "Croda, Julio", "de Oliveira, Wanderson", "Khan, Kamran", "Sabino, Ester C", "Faria, Nuno R"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211799", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438806, "title": "A novel one-step single-tube nested quantitative Real-Time PCR assay for highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Anal Chem", "authors": ["Wang, Ji", "Cai, Kun", "Zhang, Ruiqing", "He, Xiaozhou", "Shen, Xinxin", "Liu, Jun", "Xu, Junqiang", "Qiu, Feng", "Lei, Wenwen", "Wang, Jinrong", "Li, Xinna", "Gao, Yuan", "Jiang, Yongzhong", "Xu, Wenbo", "Ma, Xuejun"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438806", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency. The reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) test is currently considered as a gold standard in the laboratory for the etiological detection of COVID-19. However, qRT-PCR results could be false-negative due to the inadequate sensitivity of qRT-PCR. In this study, we have developed and evaluated a novel one-step single-tube nested quantitative Real-Time PCR (OSN-qRT-PCR)\u00a0assay\u00a0for highly sensitive\u00a0detection of SARS-CoV-2\u00a0targeting the ORF1aband N genes. The sensitivity of the OSN-qRT-PCR assay was 1 copy/reaction and 10-fold higher than that of commercial qRT-PCR kit (10 copies/reaction). The clinical performance of the OSN-qRT-PCR assay was evaluated using 181 clinical samples. Among them, 14 qRT-PCR-negative samples (7 had no repetitive results, and 7 had no Ct values) were detected by OSN-qRT-PCR. Moreover, the 7qRT-PCR-positives in the qRT-PCR grey zone (Ct value of ORF1ab ranged from 37.48 to 39.07, and Ct value of N ranged from 37.34 to 38.75) were out of the grey zone thus were deemed to be positive by OSN-qRT-PCR, indicating the positivity of these samples is confirmative. Compared to the qRT-PCR kit, OSN-qRT-PCR assay revealed higher sensitivity and specificity hence better suited to clinical applications for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with low viral load."}, {"pmid": 32456661, "pmcid": "PMC7250269", "title": "Universal mobile protection system for aerosol-generating medical interventions in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Straube, Florian", "Wendtner, Clemens", "Hoffmann, Ellen"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456661", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470179, "title": "Management of Upper Airway Bleeding in COVID-19 Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["LoSavio, Phillip S", "Patel, Tirth", "Urban, Matthew J", "Tajudeen, Bobby", "Papagiannopoulos, Peter", "Revenaugh, Peter C", "Husain, Inna", "Batra, Pete S"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470179", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188728, "title": "Structure-Guided Mutagenesis Alters Deubiquitinating Activity and Attenuates Pathogenesis of a Murine Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Deng, Xufang", "Chen, Yafang", "Mielech, Anna M", "Hackbart, Matthew", "Kesely, Kristina R", "Mettelman, Robert C", "O'Brien, Amornrat", "Chapman, Mackenzie E", "Mesecar, Andrew D", "Baker, Susan C"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188728", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses express a multifunctional papain-like protease, termed papain-like protease 2 (PLP2). PLP2 acts as a protease that cleaves the viral replicase polyprotein and as a deubiquitinating (DUB) enzyme which removes ubiquitin (Ub) moieties from ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. Previous in vitro studies implicated PLP2/DUB activity as a negative regulator of the host interferon (IFN) response, but the role of DUB activity during virus infection was unknown. Here, we used X-ray structure-guided mutagenesis and functional studies to identify amino acid substitutions within the ubiquitin-binding surface of PLP2 that reduced DUB activity without affecting polyprotein processing activity. We engineered a DUB mutation (Asp1772 to Ala) into a murine coronavirus and evaluated the replication and pathogenesis of the DUB mutant virus (DUBmut) in cultured macrophages and in mice. We found that the DUBmut virus replicates similarly to the wild-type (WT) virus in cultured cells, but the DUBmut virus activates an IFN response at earlier times compared to the wild-type virus infection in macrophages, consistent with DUB activity negatively regulating the IFN response. We compared the pathogenesis of the DUBmut virus to that of the wild-type virus and found that the DUBmut-infected mice had a statistically significant reduction (P\u2009<\u20090.05) in viral titer in liver and spleen at day 5 postinfection (d p.i.), although both wild-type and DUBmut virus infections resulted in similar liver pathology. Overall, this study demonstrates that structure-guided mutagenesis aids the identification of critical determinants of the PLP2-ubiquitin complex and that PLP2/DUB activity plays a role as an interferon antagonist in coronavirus pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses employ a genetic economy by encoding multifunctional proteins that function in viral replication and also modify the host environment to disarm the innate immune response. The coronavirus papain-like protease 2 (PLP2) domain possesses protease activity, which cleaves the viral replicase polyprotein, and also DUB activity (deconjugating ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like molecules from modified substrates) using identical catalytic residues. To separate the DUB activity from the protease activity, we employed a structure-guided mutagenesis approach and identified residues that are important for ubiquitin binding. We found that mutating the ubiquitin-binding residues results in a PLP2 that has reduced DUB activity but retains protease activity. We engineered a recombinant murine coronavirus to express the DUB mutant and showed that the DUB mutant virus activated an earlier type I interferon response in macrophages and exhibited reduced replication in mice. The results of this study demonstrate that PLP2/DUB is an interferon antagonist and a virulence trait of coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32496259, "title": "COVID-19-Hospitalized Patients in Karnataka: Survival and Stay Characteristics.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Mishra, Vinayak", "Burma, Ajit Deo", "Das, Sumit Kumar", "Parivallal, Mohana Balan", "Amudhan, Senthil", "Rao, Girish N"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496259", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The information on the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its correlates which are essential to assess the hospital care needs of the population are currently limited. We investigated the factors associated with hospital stay and death for COVID-19 patients for the entire state of Karnataka, India. A retrospective-cohort analysis was conducted on 445 COVID-19 patients that were reported in the publicly available media-bulletin from March 9, 2020, to April 23, 2020, for the Karnataka state. This fixed cohort was followed till 14 days (May 8, 2020) for definitive outcomes (death/discharge). The median length of hospital stay was 17 days (interquartile range: 15-20) for COVID-19 patients. Having severe disease at the time of admission (adjusted-hazard-ratio: 9.3 (3.2-27.3);P < 0.001) and being aged \u2265 60 years (adjusted-hazard-ratio: 11.9 (3.5-40.6);P < 0.001) were the significant predictors of COVID-19 mortality. By moving beyond descriptive (which provide only crude information) to survival analyses, information on the local hospital-related characteristics will be crucial to model bed-occupancy demands for contingency planning during COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32462497, "pmcid": "PMC7251322", "title": "Rapid guide to the management of cardiac patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt: \"a position statement of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology\".", "journal": "Egypt Heart J", "authors": ["Shaheen, Sameh", "Awwad, Omar", "Shokry, Khalid", "Abdel-Hamid, Magdy", "El-Etriby, Adel", "Hasan-Ali, Hsam", "Shawky, Islam", "Magdy, Ahmad", "Nasr, Gamila", "Kabil, Hamza", "Elhadidy, Amr", "Zaki, Mohamad", "Hegab, Ahmad"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462497", "countries": ["Egypt"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic poses an enormous challenge to healthcare system in Egypt. This document is a position statement from the Egyptian Society of Cardiology. It aims to provide information to cardiovascular healthcare providers in Egypt to guarantee delivery of quality patient care and ensure adequate levels of protection against infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Older patients and those with cardiovascular disease are at higher risk of mortality. The current situation requires unusual allocation of resources which may negatively impact the care of patients with cardiovascular disease. Cardiologists should be prepared in the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenge is in providing the best quality of care despite limited resources while keeping all medical staff as safe as possible. Consider deferring elective procedures whenever possible. All medical staff should undergo rigorous training on infection control and the use of high-quality personal protection equipment. Cardiologists should promote telemedicine in the outpatient setting, prioritize outpatient contacts, and avoid nosocomial dissemination of the virus to patients and healthcare providers. A much conservative approach for emergent cardiac patients is recommended, and invasive interventions are reserved for high risk hemodynamically unstable patients. During the pandemic, the most important principles of treatment should be controlling the spread of infection as the first priority, prompt assessment of patient risk, recommending conservative medical therapy rather than invasive interventions, and strict infection control measures to limit infection spread within the hospital and to healthcare workers."}, {"pmid": 32513622, "title": "Challenges of providing COVID-19 prevention services to homeless people who use drugs in Iran.", "journal": "Int J Drug Policy", "authors": ["Deilamizade, Abbas", "Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, Amir"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513622", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313885, "pmcid": "PMC7164888", "title": "COVID-19 Clinical Trials: A Primer for the Cardiovascular and Cardio-Oncology Communities.", "journal": "JACC CardioOncol", "authors": ["Ky, Bonnie", "Mann, Douglas L"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313885", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a proliferation of clinical trials that are designed to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The overwhelming majority of cardiovascular and cancer patients are at increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection; accordingly, the cardiovascular and cardio-oncology communities are playing a major role in caring for COVID-19 patients. Many of the therapeutic agents that are being used to treat patients with COVID-19 are repurposed treatments for influenza, drugs that were not effective in Ebola patients, or treatments for malaria that were developed decades ago, and are unlikely to be familiar to the cardiovascular and cardio-oncology communities. Here we have provided a foundation for cardiovascular and cardio-oncology physicians who are on the frontline providing care to COVID-19 patients, so that they can better understand the emerging cardiovascular epidemiology of COVID-19, as well as the biological rationale for the clinical trials that are ongoing for the treatment of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32361691, "title": "Molecular diagnostics at the times of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "Diagnosis (Berl)", "authors": ["Plebani, Mario", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361691", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292906, "pmcid": "PMC7147194", "title": "The role of afferent pulmonary innervation in poor prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients and proposed use of resiniferatoxin (RTX) to improve patient outcomes in advanced disease state: A review.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Nahama, Alexis", "Ramachandran, Roshni", "Cisternas, Alvaro Francisco", "Ji, Henry"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292906", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute respiratory distress is one of the major causes of mortality associated with COVID-19 disease. Many patients will require intensive care with ventilatory support. Despite progress and best efforts, the mortality rates projected remain high. Historical data outlook points towards 80% expected fatality for patients progressing to advanced pulmonary disease, even when hospitalized in the intensive care unit. This is particularly true among the patient population over 65. Novel life-saving strategies are desperately needed to mitigate the high mortality that will be associated with the late stage SARS-CoV-2 viral infection associated with the fatal respiratory distress. We hypothesize that the morbidity, severity of the disease, and underlying physiological events leading to mortality are closely linked to the TRPV1 expressing neuronal system (afferent/efferent neurons) in the lungs. TRPV1 expressing cells are responsible for pain transmission, inflammation and immunomodulation throughout the entire pulmonary system and are modulating the processes associated with localized cytokine release (storm) and overall rapid disease progression. We suggest that therapeutic approaches targeting TRPV1 containing nerve fibers in the lungs will modulate the inflammatory and immune signal activity, leading to reduced mortality and better overall outcomes. We also propose to further explore the use of resiniferatoxin (RTX), an ultra-potent TRPV1 agonist currently in clinical trials for cancer and osteoarthritis pain, as a possible ablating agent of TRPV1 positive pulmonary pathways in patients with advanced COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32424293, "pmcid": "PMC7233329", "title": "COVID-19 in persons with chronic myeloid leukaemia.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Li, Weiming", "Wang, Danyu", "Guo, Jingming", "Yuan, Guolin", "Yang, Zhuangzhi", "Gale, Robert Peter", "You, Yong", "Chen, Zhichao", "Chen, Shiming", "Wan, Chucheng", "Zhu, Xiaojian", "Chang, Wei", "Sheng, Lingshuang", "Cheng, Hui", "Zhang, Youshan", "Li, Qing", "Qin, Jun", "Meng, Li", "Jiang, Qian"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424293", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We studied by questionnaire 530 subjects with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in Hubei Province during the recent SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Five developed confirmed (N\u2009=\u20094) or probable COVID-19 (N\u2009=\u20091). Prevalence of COVID-19 in our subjects, 0.9% (95% Confidence Interval, 0.1, 1.8%) was ninefold higher than 0.1% (0, 0.12%) reported in normals but lower than 10% (6, 17%) reported in hospitalised persons with other haematological cancers or normal health-care providers, 7% (4, 12%). Co-variates associated with an increased risk of developing COVID-19 amongst persons with CML were exposure to someone infected with SARS-CoV-2 (P\u2009=\u20090.037), no complete haematologic response (P\u2009=\u20090.003) and co-morbidity(ies) (P\u2009=\u20090.024). There was also an increased risk of developing COVID-19 in subjects in advanced phase CML (P\u2009=\u20090.004) even when they achieved a complete cytogenetic response or major molecular response at the time of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. 1 of 21 subjects receiving 3rd generation tyrosine kinase-inhibitor (TKI) developed COVID-19 versus 3 of 346 subjects receiving imatinib versus 0 of 162 subjects receiving 2nd generation TKIs (P\u2009=\u20090.096). Other co-variates such as age and TKI-therapy duration were not significantly associated with an increased risk of developing COVID-19. Persons with these risk factors may benefit from increased surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible protective isolation."}, {"pmid": 32167442, "pmcid": "PMC7137534", "title": "Involving antimicrobial stewardship programs in COVID-19 response efforts: All hands on deck.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Stevens, Michael P", "Patel, Payal K", "Nori, Priya"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527780, "title": "Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Isolate from Bangladesh.", "journal": "Microbiol Resour Announc", "authors": ["Saha, Senjuti", "Malaker, Roly", "Sajib, Mohammad Saiful Islam", "Hasanuzzaman, Md", "Rahman, Hafizur", "Ahmed, Zabed B", "Islam, Mohammad Shahidul", "Islam, Maksuda", "Hooda, Yogesh", "Ahyong, Vida", "Vanaerschot, Manu", "Batson, Joshua", "Hao, Samantha", "Kamm, Jack", "Kistler, Amy", "Tato, Cristina M", "DeRisi, Joseph L", "Saha, Samir K"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527780", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) isolate obtained from a nasopharyngeal swab from a patient with COVID-19 in Bangladesh is reported."}, {"pmid": 32433450, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Universal Testing Experience on a Los Angeles Labor and Delivery Unit.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Naqvi, Mariam", "Burwick, Richard M", "Ozimek, John A", "Greene, Naomi H", "Kilpatrick, Sarah J", "Wong, Melissa S"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433450", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520641, "title": "Re: \"Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Treatment for Severe COVID-19\" by Sengupta et al.", "journal": "Stem Cells Dev", "authors": ["Lim, Sai Kiang", "Giebel, Bernd", "Weiss, Daniel J", "Witwer, Kenneth W", "Rohde, Eva"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520641", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364118, "pmcid": "PMC7183930", "title": "Neurology during the pandemic. Is COVID-19 changing the organisation of Neurology Departments?", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Hernandez Ramos, F J", "Palomino Garcia, A", "Jimenez Hernandez, M D"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364118", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405908, "pmcid": "PMC7220641", "title": "Reply To The Article \"Bariatric Surgical Practice During the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak.\" by Aminian, A., Kermansaravi, M., Azizi, S. et al. Published in Obesity Surgery.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Vilallonga, Ramon", "Blanco-Colino, Ruth", "Armengol Carrasco, Manel"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405908", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421214, "title": "Rising Tide: Responding to the Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Depress Anxiety", "authors": ["Rauch, Sheila A M", "Simon, Naomi M", "Rothbaum, Barbara O"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421214", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445584, "title": "Immune Thrombocytopenia during Pregnancy due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Tang, Man Wai", "Nur, Erfan", "Biemond, Bart J"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445584", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299844, "title": "COVID-19 and rheumatology: first steps towards a different future?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["McInnes, Iain B"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299844", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125362, "pmcid": "PMC7054855", "title": "Epidemiologic Features and Clinical Course of Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Young, Barnaby Edward", "Ong, Sean Wei Xiang", "Kalimuddin, Shirin", "Low, Jenny G", "Tan, Seow Yen", "Loh, Jiashen", "Ng, Oon-Tek", "Marimuthu, Kalisvar", "Ang, Li Wei", "Mak, Tze Minn", "Lau, Sok Kiang", "Anderson, Danielle E", "Chan, Kian Sing", "Tan, Thean Yen", "Ng, Tong Yong", "Cui, Lin", "Said, Zubaidah", "Kurupatham, Lalitha", "Chen, Mark I-Cheng", "Chan, Monica", "Vasoo, Shawn", "Wang, Lin-Fa", "Tan, Boon Huan", "Lin, Raymond Tzer Pin", "Lee, Vernon Jian Ming", "Leo, Yee-Sin", "Lye, David Chien"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125362", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has spread globally with sustained human-to-human transmission outside China. To report the initial experience in Singapore with the epidemiologic investigation of this outbreak, clinical features, and management. Descriptive case series of the first 18 patients diagnosed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at 4 hospitals in Singapore from January 23 to February 3, 2020; final follow-up date was February 25, 2020. Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data were collected, including PCR cycle threshold values from nasopharyngeal swabs and viral shedding in blood, urine, and stool. Clinical course was summarized, including requirement for supplemental oxygen and intensive care and use of empirical treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir. Among the 18 hospitalized patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (median age, 47 years; 9 [50%] women), clinical presentation was an upper respiratory tract infection in 12 (67%), and viral shedding from the nasopharynx was prolonged for 7 days or longer among 15 (83%). Six individuals (33%) required supplemental oxygen; of these, 2 required intensive care. There were no deaths. Virus was detectable in the stool (4/8 [50%]) and blood (1/12 [8%]) by PCR but not in urine. Five individuals requiring supplemental oxygen were treated with lopinavir-ritonavir. For 3 of the 5 patients, fever resolved and supplemental oxygen requirement was reduced within 3 days, whereas 2 deteriorated with progressive respiratory failure. Four of the 5 patients treated with lopinavir-ritonavir developed nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea, and 3 developed abnormal liver function test results. Among the first 18 patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Singapore, clinical presentation was frequently a mild respiratory tract infection. Some patients required supplemental oxygen and had variable clinical outcomes following treatment with an antiretroviral agent."}, {"pmid": 32487335, "pmcid": "PMC7255165", "title": "Nasopharyngeal swab collection in the suspicion of Covid-19.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Piras, Antonio", "Rizzo, Davide", "Longoni, Eleonora", "Turra, Nicola", "Urru, Silvana", "Saba, Pier Paolo", "Musumano, Lucia", "Bussu, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487335", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA on nasopharyngeal swab is the standard for diagnosing active Covid-19 disease in asymptomatic subjects and in symptomatic patients without the typical radiological findings. Nasopharyngeal swabbing appears a trivial procedure, still an inappropriate nasopharyngeal sampling, performed by untrained operators, can be a relevant cause of false negative findings with a clear negative impact on the effort to control the epidemic and, when PPE is not properly used, this can expose healthcare workers and patients to risks of contagion."}, {"pmid": 32502645, "pmcid": "PMC7265826", "title": "New onset anosmia and ageusia in adult patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Patel, A", "Charani, E", "Ariyanayagam, D", "Abdulaal, A", "Denny, S J", "Mughal, N", "Moore, L S P"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502645", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We investigated the prevalence of anosmia and ageusia in adult patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of infection with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This was a retrospective observational analysis of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to hospital or managed in the community and their household contacts across a London population during the period March 1st to April 1st, 2020. Symptomatology and duration were extracted from routinely collected clinical data and follow-up telephone consultations. Descriptive statistics were used. Of 386 patients, 141 (92 community patients, 49 discharged inpatients) were included for analysis; 77/141 (55%) reported anosmia and ageusia, nine reported only ageusia and three only anosmia. The median onset of anosmia in relation to onset of SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) symptoms (as defined by the Public Health England case definition) was 4\u00a0days (interquartile range (IQR) 5). Median duration of anosmia was 8\u00a0days (IQR 16). Median duration of COVID-19 symptoms in community patients was 10\u00a0days (IQR 8) versus 18\u00a0days (IQR 13.5) in admitted patients. As of April 1, 45 patients had ongoing COVID-19 symptoms and/or anosmia; 107/141 (76%) patients had household contacts, and of 185 non-tested household contacts 79 (43%) had COVID-19 symptoms with 46/79 (58%) reporting anosmia. Six household contacts had anosmia only. Over half of the positive patients reported anosmia and ageusia, suggesting that these should be added to the case definition and used to guide self-isolation protocols. This adaptation may be integral to case findings in the absence of population-level testing. Until we have successful population-level vaccination coverage, these steps remain critical in the current and future waves of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32447721, "pmcid": "PMC7245190", "title": "Clinical practice guidance for hepatology and liver transplant providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: APASL expert panel consensus recommendations.", "journal": "Hepatol Int", "authors": ["Lau, George", "Sharma, Manoj"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447721", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confronting a once-in-a-century pandemic with COVID-19, tremendous stress has been placed in all walks of life worldwide. In order to enhance scientific information interflow in the arena of liver diseases in Asia-Pacific region during this difficult time, Asian-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) has taken the initiative to form the APASL COVID-19 Taskforce to formulate a clinical practice guidance in Hepatology, liver-related oncology, transplantation and conduct of clinical trials. A taskforce with 22 key opinion leaders in Hepatology from 16 countries or administration regions in Asia-Pacific regions was formed and through intense interaction via webinar, this guidance was formulated. Based on scientific data and experiences, recommendations were made in the management of liver injury, liver transplantation, autoimmune diseases, chronic liver diseases, delivery of elective and emergency services and conduct of clinical trials. This is the first consensus clinical guidance synthesized by APASL for our hepatologist and their allied medical personal."}, {"pmid": 32526698, "title": "Current and emerging therapeutics for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: Relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Abboud, Hesham", "Zheng, Crystal", "Kar, Indrani", "Chen, Claire Kaori", "Sau, Crystal", "Serra, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526698", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) can lead to immobility and bulbar weakness. This, in addition to the older age of onset and the higher rate of hospitalization compared to multiple sclerosis, makes this patient group a potential target for complicated COVID-19 infection. Moreover, many of the commonly used preventive therapies for NMOSD are cell-depleting immunouppsressants with increased risk of viral and bacterial infections. The emergence of several new NMOSD therapeutics, including immune-modulating agents, concurrently with the worldwide spread of the COVID-19 global pandemic call for careful therapeutic planning and add to the complexity of NMOSD management. Altering the common therapeutic approach to NMOSD during the pandemic may be necessary to balance both efficacy and safety of treatment. Selection of preventive therapy should take in consideration the viral exposure risk related to the route and frequency of administration and, most importantly, the immunological properties of each therapeutic agent and its potential impact on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and severity of infection. The impact of the therapeutic agent on the immune response against the future SARS-CoV-2 vaccine should also be considered in the clinical decision-making. In this review, we will discuss the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and evaluate the potential impact of the current and emerging NMOSD therapeutics on infection risk, infection severity, and future SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We propose a therapeutic approach to NMOSD during the COVID-19 pandemic based on analysis of the mechanism of action, route of administration, and side effect profile of each therapeutic agent."}, {"pmid": 32268046, "title": "Social Media Spread During Covid-19: The Pros and Cons of Likes and Shares.", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["O'Brien, M", "Moore, K", "McNicholas, F"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268046", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298228, "title": "Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Secreting Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia Complicating COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Duployez, Claire", "Le Guern, Remi", "Tinez, Claire", "Lejeune, Anne-Laure", "Robriquet, Laurent", "Six, Sophie", "Loiez, Caroline", "Wallet, Frederic"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298228", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Necrotizing pneumonia induced by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-secreting Staphylococcus aureus is a rare but life-threatening infection that has been described in patients after they had influenza. We report a fatal case of this superinfection in a young adult who had coronavirus disease."}, {"pmid": 32402416, "pmcid": "PMC7188646", "title": "Intestinal perforation in patient with COVID-19 infection treated with tocilizumab and corticosteroids. Report of a clinical case.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Gonzalvez Guardiola, Paula", "Diez Ares, Jose Angel", "Peris Tomas, Nuria", "Sebastian Tomas, Juan Carlos", "Navarro Martinez, Sergio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402416", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315963, "pmcid": "PMC7194662", "title": "Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated Psychological Problems.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Ahmed, Md Zahir", "Ahmed, Oli", "Aibao, Zhou", "Hanbin, Sang", "Siyu, Liu", "Ahmad, Akbaruddin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315963", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is experiencing pandemic of the COVID-19 now, a RNA virus that spread out from Wuhan, China. Two countries, China first and later Italy, have gone to full lock down due to rapid spread of this virus. Till to date, no epidemiological data on mental health problems due to outbreak of the COVID-19 and mass isolation were not available. To meet this need, the present study was undertaken to assess the mental health status of Chinese people. An online survey was conducted on a sample of 1074 Chinese people, majority of whom from Hubei province. Lack of adequate opportunities to conduct face to face interview, anxiety, depression, mental well-being and alcohol consumption behavior were assessed via self-reported measures. Results showed higher rate of anxiety, depression, hazardous and harmful alcohol use, and lower mental wellbeing than usual ratio. Results also revealed that young people aged 21-40 years are in more vulnerable position in terms of their mental health conditions and alcohol use. To address mental health crisis during this epidemic, it is high time to implement multi-faceted approach (i.e. forming multidisciplinary mental health team, providing psychiatric treatments and other mental health services, utilizing online counseling platforms, rehabilitation program, ensuring certain care for vulnerable groups, etc.)."}, {"pmid": 32468151, "title": "The unleashing of the immune system in COVID-19 and sepsis: the calm before the storm?", "journal": "Inflamm Res", "authors": ["Bellinvia, Salvatore", "Edwards, Christopher J", "Schisano, Matteo", "Banfi, Paolo", "Fallico, Matteo", "Murabito, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468151", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is sorely testing health care systems and economies around the world and is rightly considered as the major health emergency in a century. Despite the course of the disease appearing to be mild in many cases, a significant proportion of symptomatic patients develop pneumonia requiring hospitalisation or progress to manifest respiratory complications leading to intensive care treatment. Potential interventions for SARS-CoV2-associated pneumonia are being tested, some of which holding promise, but as of today none of these has yet demonstrated outstanding efficacy in treating COVID-19. In this article, we discuss fresh perspectives and insights into the potential role of immune dysregulation in COVID-19 as well as similarities with systemic inflammatory response in sepsis and the rationale for exploring novel treatment options affecting host immune response."}, {"pmid": 32205356, "title": "Covid-19: doctors in final trimester of pregnancy should avoid direct patient contact.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205356", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456758, "title": "How Will COVID-19 Affect Long-Term Care?", "journal": "Sr Care Pharm", "authors": ["Baldwin, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456758", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We hope to be ready for the next COVID-like crisis, but what if the next crisis is something completely different?"}, {"pmid": 32356896, "title": "The COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic: consequences for occupational health.", "journal": "Scand J Work Environ Health", "authors": ["Burdorf, Alex", "Porru, Fabio", "Rugulies, Reiner"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356896", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32129580, "title": "[Expert consensus on pulmonary function testing during the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129580", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is transmitted mainly by respiratory droplets and close contact, probably by aerosol. Pulmonary function testing procedures have been associated with an increasing risk of COVID-19 transmission among patients/subjects and medical staffs. Effective prevention and control strategies must be compulsorily implemented to prevent nosocomial infection. This recommendation is intended to be followed by healthcare workers (HCWs) of pulmonary function testing laboratory when COVID-19 is in epidemic. Based on the features of pulmonary function testing, precaution principles and considerations are developed in three aspects of management for HCWs, operating procedure, environment and equipment. Indications of pulmonary function testing should be followed strictly. It is strongly recommended to suspend the test for the confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19 during the contagious stage, and to postpone the test for other patients if it is not imperative. Medical personnel should mandatorily adhere to the standard stratification of precaution measures. Patients/Subjects should be isolated in a separate area for testing. Disposable in-line filters must be used during pulmonary function testing. Cleaning and disinfection procedures for environment and equipment in pulmonary function testing laboratory should be paid more attention."}, {"pmid": 32301765, "pmcid": "PMC7236855", "title": "Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Practice in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "J Glaucoma", "authors": ["Liebmann, Jeffrey M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410807, "pmcid": "PMC7221373", "title": "Impact of Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases on Mortality and Severity of COVID-19 - Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression.", "journal": "J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis", "authors": ["Pranata, Raymond", "Huang, Ian", "Lim, Michael Anthonius", "Wahjoepramono, Prof Eka Julianta", "July, Julius"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410807", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the latest evidence on the association between cerebrovascular, cardiovascular disease, and poor outcome in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Methods A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, SCOPUS, EuropePMC, and Cochrane Central Database. The outcome of interest was composite poor outcome that comprised of mortality and severe COVID-19. Results A total of 4448 patients were obtained from 16 studies. Cerebrovascular disease was associated with increased poor composite outcome (RR 2.04 [1.43, 2.91], p<0.001; I2: 77%). Subgroup analysis revealed that cerebrovascular disease was associated with mortality (RR 2.38 [1.92, 2.96], p<0.001; I2: 0%) and was borderline significant for severe COVID-19 (RR 1.88 [1.00, 3.51], p=0.05; I2: 87%). Cardiovascular disease was associated with increased composite poor outcome (RR 2.23 [1.71, 2.91], p<0.001; I2: 60%), and its mortality (RR 2.25 [1.53, 3.29], p<0.001; I2: 33%) and severe COVID-19 (RR 2.25 [1.51, 3.36], p<0.001; I2: 76%) subgroup. Meta-regression demonstrate that the association was not influenced by gender, age, hypertension, diabetes, and respiratory comorbidities. The association between cerebrovascular disease and poor outcome was not affected by cardiovascular diseases and vice versa. Conclusion Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases were associated with increased risk for poor outcome in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32383500, "pmcid": "PMC7267396", "title": "The importance of preventing COVID-19 in surgical wards cannot be overemphasized.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Huang, G"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383500", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299083, "pmcid": "PMC7206352", "title": "COVID-19 and Working Conditions in Health Care.", "journal": "Psychother Psychosom", "authors": ["Theorell, Tores"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476439, "pmcid": "PMC7265097", "title": "Medical Students Improving Health Care Beyond Clinical Rotations During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Am J Med Qual", "authors": ["Hayes, Don Jr"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476439", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479112, "title": "Electrical Impedance Tomography for Positive End-expiratory Pressure Titration in COVID-19 Related ARDS.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["van der Zee, Philip", "Somhorst, Peter", "Endeman, Henrik", "Gommers, Diederik"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479112", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418917, "pmcid": "PMC7211658", "title": "Immunoglobulins in the treatment of COVID-19 infection: Proceed with caution!", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Nguyen, Alan A", "Habiballah, Saddiq B", "Platt, Craig D", "Geha, Raif S", "Chou, Janet S", "McDonald, Douglas R"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418917", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the greatest infectious challenges in recent history. Presently, few treatment options exist and the availability of effective vaccines is at least one year away. There is an urgent need to find currently available, effective therapies in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 infection. In this review, we compare and contrast the use of intravenous immunoglobulin and hyperimmune globulin in the treatment of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32324882, "title": "COVID-19 affecting our world.", "journal": "Angle Orthod", "authors": ["Lindauer, Steven J"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324882", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503701, "pmcid": "PMC7151492", "title": "Specific Considerations for Sonographers When Performing Echocardiography during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Supplement to the American Society of Echocardiography Statement.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Mitchell, Carol", "Collins, Keith", "Hua, Lanqi", "McClanahan, Carlene", "Shea, Elaine", "Umland, Matthew", "Wasserman, Melissa"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503701", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sonographers need to be familiar with and prepared to implement strategies for reducing the risk of exposure to and transmission of the COVID-19 virus. Strategies to employ can be grouped into three broad categories: (1) whom to scan, (2) where to scan, and (3) how to scan. Whom to scan addresses sonographer strategies for determining essential and emergent scan status. Where to scan addresses sonographer practice strategies for selecting equipment, use of rooms, portable examinations, and training personnel. How to scan addresses the topics of scanning techniques (tailored protocols, right-handed scanning, use of barrier devices) and equipment cleaning and disinfecting."}, {"pmid": 32464668, "title": "Understanding the Anemic Global Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Busby, Joshua W"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464668", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is the most serious test of the international system since the 2008 global financial crisis. Rather than cooperate to contain and respond to a common threat, the world's leading powers, the United States and China, increasingly blamed each other through wildly speculative theories about the origins of the virus. The World Health Organization (WHO) sought to coordinate a global response but it has been hamstrung and come under attack. Given past cooperation between major powers to mobilize and eradicate smallpox and previous U.S. leadership to fight HIV/AIDS and the 2014 West African Ebola crisis, the limited cooperation and lack of leadership are puzzling. What explains the anemic global response to date? This paper draws from structural international relations theory to suggest a partial but somewhat dissatisfying answer. International organizations are inherently weak faced with opposition by major powers. The international system simultaneously incentivizes states to cooperate and address common threats but at the same time encourages countries to take care of themselves, potentially at the expense of others. Which of these motives dominates cannot be explained by structural theory, requiring us to look to other factors such as the attributes of states or of leaders themselves."}, {"pmid": 32530522, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 was found in the bile juice from a patient with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Han, Deheng", "Fang, Qiang", "Wang, Xingxiang"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530522", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 170,000 people worldwide and was associated with substantial mortality. Previous studies have reported that the SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in sputum, faeces, urine and other specimens from COVID-19 patients. In the case report, the novel coronavirus was found in the bile specimen from a patient with severe COVID-19 by real-time fluorescent RT-PCR. In addition, much higher viral load in the bile juice than in the sputum indicated that a false positive error in the specimen was hardly possible. As far as we know, it is the first report about SARS-CoV-2 in the bile juice. We would love to share the information to other researchers. The report may have a significant impact on the clinical management and public health decision making. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32425207, "pmcid": "PMC7229933", "title": "Anaesthetic management of patients with COVID-19: infection prevention and control measures in the operating theatre. Comment on Br J Anaesth doi:10.1016/j.bja.2020.04.014.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Saxena, Sudeep", "Kumar, Chandra M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425207", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406958, "pmcid": "PMC7267118", "title": "COVID-19 reinforces the importance of handwashing.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Alzyood, Mamdooh", "Jackson, Debra", "Aveyard, Helen", "Brooke, Joanne"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406958", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479103, "title": "Special report: Prevalence of selected underlying health conditions among active component Army service members with coronavirus disease 2019, 11 February-6 April 2020.", "journal": "MSMR", "authors": ["Kebisek, Julianna", "Forrest, Lanna J", "Maule, Alexis L", "Steelman, Ryan A", "Ambrose, John F"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479103", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is exhibiting widespread community transmission throughout most of the world. Previous reports have evaluated the risk of serious illness in civilians diagnosed with COVID-19; however, similar reports have not been compiled for the Army active component (AC) population. COVID-19 has been a reportable condition for the Department of Defense since 5 February 2020, and, as of the morning of 6 April, a total of 873 cases were reported to the Disease Reporting System internet from Army installations. Of these cases, a total of 219 (25.1%) were identified as Army AC service members. The majority of these cases did not require hospitalization (n=207; 94.5%). The most common comorbidities present in nonhospitalized cases included other chronic illnesses (43.5%), neurologic disorders (24.6%), and obesity (21.7%). Overall, 12 cases (5.5%) required hospitalization. Hospitalized cases had a history of obesity (58.3%), neurologic disorder (50.0%), other chronic illnesses (41.7%), and hypertension (25.0%). No comorbidities were present among 27.1% (n=56) of nonhospitalized cases and 25.0% (n=3) of hospitalized cases."}, {"pmid": 32437830, "pmcid": "PMC7211738", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Wang, Yijin", "Liu, Shuhong", "Liu, Hongyang", "Li, Wei", "Lin, Fang", "Jiang, Lina", "Li, Xi", "Xu, Pengfei", "Zhang, Lixin", "Zhao, Lihua", "Cao, Yun", "Kang, Jiarui", "Yang, Jianfa", "Li, Ling", "Liu, Xiaoyan", "Li, Yan", "Nie, Ruifang", "Mu, Jinsong", "Lu, Fengmin", "Zhao, Shousong", "Lu, Jiangyang", "Zhao, Jingmin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437830", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Liver enzyme abnormality is common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Whether or not SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to liver damage per se remains unknown. Here we reported the clinical characteristics and liver pathological manifestations of COVID-19 patients with liver enzyme abnormality. We received 156 patients diagnosed of COVID-19 from two designated centers in China, and compared clinical features between patients with elevated aminotransferase or not. Postmortem liver biopsies were obtained from two cases who had elevated aminotransferase. We investigated the patterns of liver impairment by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay, and pathological studies. 64 of 156 (41.0%) COVID-19 patients had elevated aminotransferase. The median levels of ALT were 50 U/L vs. 19 U/L, respectively, AST were 45.5 U/L vs. 24 U/L, respectively in abnormal and normal aminotransferase groups. The liver enzyme abnormality was associated with disease severity, as well as a series of laboratory tests including higher A-aDO2, higher GGT, lower albumin, decreased CD4+ T cells and B lymphocytes. Ultrastructural examination identified typical coronavirus particles characterized by spike structure in cytoplasm of hepatocytes in two COVID-19 cases. SARS-CoV-2 infected hepatocytes displayed conspicuous mitochondrial swelling, endoplasmic reticulum dilatation, and glycogen granule decrease. Histologically, massive hepatic apoptosis and a certain binuclear hepatocytes were observed. Taken together, both ultrastructural and histological evidence indicated a typical lesion of viral infection. Immunohistochemical results showed scanty CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. No obvious eosinophil infiltration, cholestasis, fibrin deposition, granuloma, massive central necrosis, or interface hepatitis were observed. SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver is a crucial cause of hepatic impairment in COVID-19 patients. Hence, a surveillance of viral clearance in liver and long outcome of COVID-19 is required."}, {"pmid": 32275072, "pmcid": "PMC7262245", "title": "Vaginal delivery report of a healthy neonate born to a convalescent mother with COVID--19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Xiong, Xiali", "Wei, Hong", "Zhang, Zhihong", "Chang, Jing", "Ma, Xiaopeng", "Gao, Xiang", "Chen, Qiang", "Pang, Qiumei"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275072", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the infection of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID--19) has become a challenging public health threat worldwide. Limited data are available for pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. We report a case of a convalescing pregnant woman diagnosed with COVID-19 infection 37 days before delivery in the third trimester. A live birth without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was performed successfully via the vagina. The findings from our case indicate that there is no intrauterine transmission in this woman who developed COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy."}, {"pmid": 32473151, "pmcid": "PMC7251358", "title": "Laboratory abnormalities in children with mild and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A pooled analysis and review.", "journal": "Clin Biochem", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon Michael", "Benoit, Stefanie W", "de Oliveira, Maria Helena Santos", "Hsieh, Wan Chin", "Benoit, Justin", "Ballout, Rami A", "Plebani, Mario", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473151", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Limited data exists to-date on the laboratory findings in children with COVID-19, warranting the conduction of this study, in which we pool the currently available literature data on the laboratory findings seen in children with mild and severe COVID-19. Following an extensive literature search, we identified 24 eligible studies, including a total of 624 pediatric cases with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, which report data on 27 different biomarkers. We then performed a meta-analysis to calculate the pooled prevalence estimates (PPE) for these laboratory abnormalities in mild COVID-19. As data was too limited for children with severe COVID-19 to allow pooling, results were presented descriptively in a summary of findings table. Our data show an inconsistent pattern of change in the leukocyte index of mild and severe cases of COVID-19 in children. Specifically, changes in leukocyte counts were only observed in 32% of the mild pediatric cases (PPE: 13% increase, 19% decrease). In mild disease, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) was frequently elevated, with a PPE of 33%. In severe disease, c-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were frequently elevated. Based on data obtained from early COVID-19 studies, leukocyte indices in children appear inconsistent, differing from those reported in adults that highlight specific leukocyte trends. This brings into question the utility and reliability of such parameters in monitoring disease severity in the pediatric population. Instead, we suggest physicians to serially monitor CRP, PCT, and LDH to track the course of illness in hospitalized children. Finally, elevated CK-MB in mild pediatric COVID-19 cases is indicative of possible cardiac injury. This highlights the importance of monitoring cardiac biomarkers in hospitalized patients and the need for further investigation of markers such as cardiac troponin in future studies."}, {"pmid": 32433249, "pmcid": "PMC7258841", "title": "Proposed Modifications in the 6-minutue Walk Test for Potential Application in Patients with mild Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Step to Optimize Triage Guidelines.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Mantha, Srinivas", "Tripuraneni, Sudha Lakshmi", "Roizen, Michael F", "Fleisher, Lee A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433249", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32077440, "pmcid": "PMC7118336", "title": "[Preliminary Recommendations for Lung Surgery during 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic Period].", "journal": "Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Xin", "Liu, Minghui", "Zhao, Qingchun", "Liu, Renwang", "Zhang, Hongbing", "Dong, Ming", "Xu, Song", "Zhao, Honglin", "Wei, Sen", "Song, Zuoqing", "Chen, Gang", "Chen, Jun"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077440", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, China diagnosed the first patient with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and the following development of the epidemic had a huge impact on China and the whole world. For patients with lung occupying lesions, the whole process of diagnosis and treatment can not be carried out as usual due to the epidemic. For thoracic surgeons, the timing of surgical intervention should be very carefully considered. All thoracic surgeons in China should work together to develop the proper procedures for the diagnosis and treatment in this special situation, and continuously update the recommendations based on epidemic changes and further understanding of COVID-19. Here, we only offer some preliminary suggestions based on our own knowledge for further reference and discussion."}, {"pmid": 32426066, "pmcid": "PMC7229732", "title": "Medical Student Concerns Relating to Neurosurgery Education During COVID-19.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Guadix, Sergio W", "Winston, Graham M", "Chae, John K", "Haghdel, Arsalan", "Chen, Justin", "Younus, Iyan", "Radwanski, Ryan", "Greenfield, Jeffrey P", "Pannullo, Susan C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426066", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created significant obstacles within medical education. For medical students interested in pursuing neurosurgery as a specialty, the educational policies surrounding COVID-19 have resulted in unique challenges. The present study used a nationwide survey to identify the concerns of medical students interested in pursuing neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Students who had previously registered for medical student neurosurgery training camps were sent an online Qualtrics survey requesting them to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic was affecting their neurosurgical education. The Pearson \u03c72 test and post hoc pairwise Fisher exact test were used for analysis of categorical variables, and the 2-tailed paired Student t test was used for continuous variables. The survey was distributed to 852 medical students, with 127 analyzed responses. Concerns regarding conferences and networking opportunities (63%), clinical experience (59%), and board examination scores (42%) were most frequently cited. Of the third-year medical students, 76% reported \u22651 cancelled or postponed neurosurgery rotation. On average, students were more likely to take 1 year off from medical school after than before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, measured from 0 to 100 (25.3 \u00b1 36.0 vs. 39.5 \u00b1 37.5; P\u00a0= 0.004). Virtual mentorship pairing was the highest rated educational intervention suggested by first- and second-year medical students. The third- and fourth-year medical students had cited virtual surgical skills workshops most frequently. The results from the present nationwide survey have highlighted the concerns of medical students regarding their neurosurgery education during the COVID-19 pandemic. With these findings, neurosurgery organizations can consider targeted plans for students of each year to continue their education and development."}, {"pmid": 32381643, "title": "Comparison of Two High-Throughput Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Systems for the Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Craney, Arryn R", "Velu, Priya", "Satlin, Michael J", "Fauntleroy, Kathy A", "Callan, Katrina", "Robertson, Amy", "La Spina, Marisa", "Lei, Beryl", "Chen, Anqi", "Alston, Tricia", "Rozman, Anna", "Loda, Massimo", "Rennert, Hanna", "Cushing, Melissa", "Westblade, Lars F"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381643", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as the cause of a worldwide pandemic. Many commercial SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays have received Emergency Use Authorization from the United States Food and Drug Administration. However, there are limited data describing their performance, in particular the performance of high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR systems. We analyzed the diagnostic performance of two high-throughput systems: cobas 6800 and Panther Fusion, and their associated RT-PCR assays with a collection of 389 nasopharyngeal specimens. The overall percent agreement between the platforms was 96.4% (375/389). Cohen's kappa analysis rated the strength of agreement between the two platforms as \"almost perfect\" (\u03ba = 0.922; standard error, 0.051). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between corresponding cycle threshold values generated on the two systems (P value = 0.88; Student's t test). Taken together, these data imply both platforms can be considered comparable in terms of their clinical performance. We believe this information will be useful for those who have already adopted these platforms or are seeking to implement high-throughput RT-PCR testing to stem the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32290684, "title": "Exhaled breath condensate as a potential specimen for diagnosing COVID-19.", "journal": "Bioanalysis", "authors": ["Khoubnasabjafari, Maryam", "Jouyban-Gharamaleki, Vahid", "Ghanbari, Reza", "Jouyban, Abolghasem"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290684", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317502, "title": "A surge in eye clinic nonattendance under 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Au, Sunny Chi Lik"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317502", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281213, "pmcid": "PMC7262257", "title": "A systematic review of the prophylactic role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Int J Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Shah, Sanket", "Das, Saibal", "Jain, Avinash", "Misra, Durga Prasanna", "Negi, Vir Singh"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281213", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has pushed the global healthcare system to a crisis and amounted to a huge economic burden. Different drugs for prophylaxis against COVID-19 including chloroquine (CQ) or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been tried. This study was performed to systematically review the role of CQ and HCQ in preventing the spread of COVID-19. PubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies that evaluated the prophylactic role of CQ or HCQ on SARS-CoV-2 (pre-clinical studies) or COVID-19 (clinical studies) until 30 March 2020. The available literature was critically appraised. A total of 45 articles were screened and 5 (3 in vitro pre-clinical studies and 2 clinical opinions) were included. The pre-clinical studies showed the prophylactic effects of CQ and HCQ against SARS-CoV-2. On the other hand, the clinical opinions advocated the prophylactic use of CQ and HCQ against COVID-19. However, no original clinical studies on the prophylactic role of CQ or HCQ on COVID-19 were available. Although pre-clinical results are promising, to date there is a dearth of evidence to support the efficacy of CQ or HCQ in preventing COVID-19. Considering potential safety issues and the likelihood of imparting a false sense of security, prophylaxis with CQ or HCQ against COVID-19 needs to be thoroughly evaluated in observational studies or high-quality randomized controlled studies."}, {"pmid": 32199889, "pmcid": "PMC7156810", "title": "Should biologics for psoriasis be interrupted in the era of COVID-19?", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Lebwohl, Mark", "Rivera-Oyola, Ryan", "Murrell, Dedee F"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199889", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482825, "title": "Testing animals for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Middlemiss, Christine", "Glossop, Christianne", "Voas, Sheila", "Huey, Robert"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482825", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276282, "title": "Protecting Labor and Delivery Personnel from COVID-19 during the Second Stage of Labor.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Palatnik, Anna", "McIntosh, Jennifer J"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276282", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u00b7 Second stage of labor exposes providers to aerosol.. \u00b7 COVID-19 risk during second stage of labor is high.. \u00b7 N95 should be used during second stage of labor.. The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading fast and is affecting the clinical workers at much higher risk than the general population. Little is known about COVID-19 effect on pregnant women; however, the emerging evidence suggests they may be at high risk of asymptomatic disease. In light of projected shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), there is an aggressive attempt at conservation. In obstetrics, the guidelines on PPE use are controversial and differ among hospitals, globally, as well as nationally. The centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) recommend using N95 respirators, which are respirators that offer a higher level of protection instead of a facemask for when performing or present for an aerosol-generating procedures (AGP). However, the second stage of labor is not considered an AGP. The second stage of labor can last up to 4\u2009hours. During that time, labor and delivery personnel is in close contact to patients, who are exerting extreme effort during and frequently blow out their breath, cough, shout, and vomit, all of which put the health care team at risk, considering that COVID-19 transmission occurs through aerosol generated by coughing and sneezing. The CDC and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) do not provide clarification on the use of N95 during the second stage. We recommend that labor and delivery personnel have the utmost caution and be granted the protection they need to protect themselves and other patients. This includes providing labor and delivery personnel full PPE including N95 for the second stage of labor. This is critical to ensure the adequate protection for health care workers and to prevent spread to other health care workers and patients."}, {"pmid": 32454583, "pmcid": "PMC7228862", "title": "ICER releases pricing models for potential COVID-19 treatments.", "journal": "PharmacoEcon Outcomes News", "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454583", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283003, "title": "Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Pfefferbaum, Betty", "North, Carol S"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283003", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388418, "pmcid": "PMC7190485", "title": "How an Epidemic Outbreak Impacts Happiness: Factors that Worsen (vs. Protect) Emotional Well-being during the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Yang, Haiyang", "Ma, Jingjing"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388418", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "What are the factors that worsen (vs. protect) emotional well-being during a pandemic outbreak such as COVID-19? Through two large-scale nationwide surveys (N1\u00a0=\u00a011,131; N2\u00a0=\u00a03,000) conducted in China immediately before versus during the coronavirus outbreak, we found that the onset of the coronavirus epidemic led to a 74% drop in overall emotional well-being. Factors associated with the likelihood of contracting the disease (e.g., residing near the epicenter), extent of potential harm (e.g., being an elderly), and relational issues (e.g., those within a marriage) exacerbated the detrimental effect of the outbreak on emotional well-being. Further, individuals' perception of their knowledge about coronavirus infection was another factor. Regardless of the actual amount of knowledge they possessed, those perceiving themselves as more knowledgeable, were able to experience more happiness during the outbreak. Higher perceived knowledge was associated with a stronger sense of control, which mediated the differences in emotional well-being. These patterns persisted even after controlling for a host of demographic and economic variables. In conclusion, public policies and mental health interventions aimed at boosting/protecting psychological well-being during epidemics should take account of these factors."}, {"pmid": 32374958, "title": "CPR in the Covid-19 Era - An Ethical Framework.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Kramer, Daniel B", "Lo, Bernard", "Dickert, Neal W"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374958", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385749, "pmcid": "PMC7207983", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine and ritonavir for COVID-19 infection: a possible synergic toxicity for retinal pigmented epithelium.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Romano, Mario R", "Raimondi, Raffaele", "Montericcio, Alessio", "Allegrini, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385749", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353545, "pmcid": "PMC7184976", "title": "Persistence of intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with COVID-19 leads to re-admission after pneumonia resolved.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Xiaorong", "Zhou, Yaya", "Jiang, Nanchuan", "Zhou, Qiong", "Ma, Wan-Li"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353545", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current reports of COVID-19 focus on the respiratory system, however, intestinal infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 are also worthy of attention. This paper reported persistence of intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to re-admission after pneumonia resolved in three cases with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32398428, "pmcid": "PMC7219832", "title": "In Response: Rethinking sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation for COVID-19 respiratory failure.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Hanidziar, Dusan", "Bittner, Edward A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398428", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460417, "title": "COVID-19 - neurologists stay aware!", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["von Oertzen, Tim J"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460417", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019 an epidemic outbreak of a new virus disease in the Chinese area of Wuhan was reported. The new disease caused primarily symptoms of a respiratory tract infection with cough, shortness of breath, and viral pneumonia. The clinical spectrum showed mostly mild symptoms with some patients developing bilateral pneumonia needing partly intensive care treatment and causing death(1). It became apparent, that this new disease was highly contagious, and - intensive care - patients numbers were rapidly rocketing, overwhelming the capacity of local health care facilities."}, {"pmid": 32294548, "pmcid": "PMC7154518", "title": "Minimally Invasive Surgery at the Time of COVID-19: The OR Staff Needs Protection.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Bogani, Giorgio", "Raspagliesi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294548", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516658, "title": "Emergent procedures for oropharyngeal bleeding during the COVID-19 pandemic: Protection of medical staff.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Lee, Dong-Hyun", "Kim, Subin", "Kim, Ji-Sun", "Kim, Byung Guk", "Chang, Ki-Hong", "Park, Jun-Ook"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516658", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During an ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, controlling the oropharyngeal bleeding, such as post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage, with cauterization is considered a very vulnerable procedure for medical staff because of high probability of exposure to aerosolized secretion. The authors aimed to introduce an appropriate treatment protocol for oropharyngeal bleeding that provides first aid to patients while protecting medical staff at high-risk of infection such as COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32271942, "pmcid": "PMC7262199", "title": "Coping with COVID-19: ventilator splitting with differential driving pressures using standard hospital equipment.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Clarke, A L", "Stephens, A F", "Liao, S", "Byrne, T J", "Gregory, S D"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271942", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to a worldwide shortage of ventilators. This shortage has initiated discussions on how to support multiple patients with a single ventilator (ventilator splitting). Ventilator splitting is incompletely tested, experimental and the effects have not been fully characterised. This study investigated the effect of ventilator splitting on system variables (inspiratory pressure, flow and volume) and the possibility of different ventilation targets for each limb using only standard hospital equipment. Experiments were conducted on two test lungs with different compliances (0.02\u00a0l.cmH2 O-1 and 0.04\u00a0l.cmH2 O-1 ). The ventilator was used in both pressure and volume control modes and was set to ventilate the low compliance lungs at end-tidal volumes of 500\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020\u00a0ml. A flow restrictor apparatus consisting of a Hoffman clamp and tracheal tube was connected in series to the inspiratory limb of the high compliance test lungs and the resistance modified to achieve end-tidal volumes of 500\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020\u00a0ml. The restriction apparatus successfully modified the inspiratory pressure, minute ventilation and volume delivered to the high compliance test lungs in both pressure control (27.3-17.8\u00a0cmH2 O, 15.2-8.0\u00a0l.min-1 and 980-499\u00a0ml, respectively) and volume control (21.0-16.7\u00a0cmH2 O, 10.7-7.9\u00a0l.min-1 and 659-498\u00a0ml, respectively) ventilation modes. Ventilator splitting is not condoned by the authors. However, these experiments demonstrate the capacity to simultaneously ventilate two test lungs of different compliances, and using only standard hospital equipment, modify the delivered pressure, flow and volume in each test lung."}, {"pmid": 32307549, "pmcid": "PMC7188142", "title": "A single mass gathering resulted in massive transmission of COVID-19 infections in Malaysia with further international spread.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Che Mat, Nor Fazila", "Edinur, Hisham Atan", "Abdul Razab, Mohammad Khairul Azhar", "Safuan, Sabreena"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307549", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499974, "pmcid": "PMC7266087", "title": "Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Encephalopathy, MRI Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid Findings: Case 2.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Espinosa, Patricio S", "Rizvi, Zufe", "Sharma, Pamraj", "Hindi, Fawzi", "Filatov, Asia"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499974", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The neurological complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are being better understood as the pandemic progresses. We report a second case of a patient who presented with COVID-19 infection and encephalopathy to our institution. In addition, we report MRI brain and cerebrospinal fluid data. COVID-19 does not seem to cross the blood-brain barrier. The exact mechanisms of encephalopathy and pathological response of COVID-19 are unknown."}, {"pmid": 32301646, "pmcid": "PMC7233409", "title": "Diagnostic Performance of CT and Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Kim, Hyungjin", "Hong, Hyunsook", "Yoon, Soon Ho"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301646", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Recent studies have suggested that chest computed tomography (CT) scans could be used as a primary screening or diagnostic tool for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in epidemic areas. Purpose To perform a meta-analysis to evaluate diagnostic performance measures, including predictive values, of chest CT and initial reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Materials and Methods MEDLINE and Embase were searched from January 1, 2020 to April 3, 2020 for studies on COVID-19 that reported the sensitivity and/or specificity of CT scans and/or RT-PCR assays. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were estimated by using random-effects models. The actual prevalence (i.e., the proportion of confirmed patients among those tested) in eight countries was obtained from web sources, and the predictive values were calculated. Meta-regression was performed to reveal the effect of potential explanatory factors on the diagnostic performance measures. Results The pooled sensitivity was 94% (95% CI: 91%, 96%; I\n                        2\n                    =95%) for chest CT and 89% (95% CI: 81%, 94%; I\n                        2\n                    =90%) for RT-PCR. The pooled specificity was 37% (95% CI: 26%, 50%; I\n                        2\n                    =83%) for chest CT. The prevalence of COVID-19 outside China ranged from 1.0% to 22.9%. For chest CT scans, the positive predictive value (PPV) ranged from 1.5% to 30.7%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) ranged from 95.4% to 99.8%. For RT-PCR,the PPV ranged from 47.3% to 96.4%, while the NPV ranged from 96.8% to 99.9%. The sensitivity of CT was affected by the distribution of disease severity, the proportion of patients with comorbidities, and the proportion of asymptomatic patients (all p < 0.05). The sensitivity of RT-PCR was negatively associated with the proportion of elderly patients (p = 0.01). Conclusion Outside of China where there is a low-prevalence of COVID-19 (1-22.9%), chest CT screening of patients with suspected disease had low positive predictive value (1.5-30.7%)."}, {"pmid": 32376597, "title": "Targeting the inflammatory cascade with anakinra in moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia: case series.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Aouba, Achille", "Baldolli, Aurelie", "Geffray, Loik", "Verdon, Renaud", "Bergot, Emmanuel", "Martin-Silva, Nicolas", "Justet, Aurelien"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376597", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392617, "pmcid": "PMC7273081", "title": "Using Telehealth Groups to Combat Loneliness in Older Adults Through COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Zubatsky, Max", "Berg-Weger, Marla", "Morley, John"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392617", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32109443, "pmcid": "PMC7102535", "title": "Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Xu, Yu-Huan", "Dong, Jing-Hui", "An, Wei-Min", "Lv, Xiao-Yan", "Yin, Xiao-Ping", "Zhang, Jian-Zeng", "Dong, Li", "Ma, Xi", "Zhang, Hong-Jie", "Gao, Bu-Lang"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32109443", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of computed tomography (CT) in novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) caused by SARS-CoV-2. A retrospective analysis was performed on the imaging findings of patients confirmed with COVID-19 pneumonia who had chest CT scanning and treatment after disease onset. The clinical and imaging data were analyzed. Fifty patients were enrolled, including mild type in nine, common in 28, severe in 10 and critically severe in the rest three. Mild patients (29 years) were significantly (P<0.03) younger than either common (44.5 years) or severe (54.7) and critically severe (65.7 years) patients, and common patients were also significantly (P<0.03) younger than severe and critically severe patients. Mild patients had low to moderate fever (<39.1\u202f\u00b0C), 49 (98%) patients had normal or slightly reduced leukocyte count, 14 (28%) had decreased counts of lymphocytes, and 26 (52%) patients had increased C-reactive protein. Nine mild patients were negative in CT imaging. For all the other types of NCP, the lesion was in the right upper lobe in 30 cases, right middle lobe in 22, right lower lobe in 39, left upper lobe in 33 and left lower lobe in 36. The lesion was primarily located in the peripheral area under the pleura with possible extension towards the pulmonary hilum. Symmetrical lesions were seen in 26 cases and asymmetrical in 15. The density of lesion was mostly uneven with ground glass opacity as the primary presentation accompanied by partial consolidation and fibrosis. CT imaging presentations of NCP are mostly patchy ground glass opacities in the peripheral areas under the pleura with partial consolidation which will be absorbed with formation of fibrotic stripes if improved. CT scanning provides important bases for early diagnosis and treatment of NCP."}, {"pmid": 32268196, "pmcid": "PMC7130119", "title": "COVID-19 and dengue, co-epidemics in Ecuador and other countries in Latin America: Pushing strained health care systems over the edge.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Navarro, Juan-Carlos", "Arrivillaga-Henriquez, Jazzmin", "Salazar-Loor, Jose", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268196", "countries": ["Ecuador"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374920, "pmcid": "PMC7267656", "title": "Viscoelastic testing in COVID-19: a possible screening tool for severe disease?", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Raval, Jay S", "Burnett, Allison E", "Rollins-Raval, Marian A", "Griggs, Joseph R", "Rosenbaum, Lizabeth", "Nielsen, Nathan D", "Harkins, Michelle S"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374920", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311508, "pmcid": "PMC7165081", "title": "[Gynecological surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: Take home messages].", "journal": "Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol", "authors": ["Nohuz, E", "Dubernard, G", "Lamblin, G", "Lebail-Carval, K", "Chabert, P", "Chene, G"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311508", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506926, "title": "COVID-19 and the Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh: The Challenges and Recommendations.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Islam, Muhammad Nazrul", "Inan, Toki Tahmin", "Islam, A K M Najmul"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506926", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current situation of global pandemic COVID-19 can put the 1.1 million Rohingya refugees, living in Bangladesh, in a substantially vulnerable position. A poor, overcrowded living condition, limited access to safe drinking water and health services, and a restricted communication system have substantially increased the risk of rapid spread of COVID-19 in these refugee camps. As COVID-19 infection has already been reported in Bangladesh, this infection will inevitably proliferate among this segregated and neglected community. Thus, in this short report, we describe the current challenges Rohingya refugee camps are facing and suggest possible prevention measures to avoid COVID-19 in these vulnerable areas."}, {"pmid": 32353793, "pmcid": "PMC7180373", "title": "Emergency changes in international guidelines on treatment for head and neck cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Chaves, Aline Lauda Freitas", "Castro, Ana Ferreira", "Marta, Gustavo Nader", "Junior, Gilberto Castro", "Ferris, Robert L", "Giglio, Raul Eduardo", "Golusinski, Wojciech", "Gorphe, Philippe", "Hosal, Sefik", "Leemans, C Rene", "Magne, Nicolas", "Mehanna, Hisham", "Mesia, Ricard", "Netto, Eduardo", "Psyrri, Amanda", "Sacco, Assuntina G", "Shah, Jatin", "Simon, Christian", "Vermorken, Jan B", "Kowalski, Luiz Paulo"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353793", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359075, "pmcid": "PMC7267338", "title": "During COVID-19, Outpatient Advance Care Planning Is Imperative: We Need All Hands on Deck.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Block, Brian L", "Smith, Alexander K", "Sudore, Rebecca L"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32144111, "title": "Covid-19: GP surgeries close for two weeks after staff test positive.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144111", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491204, "title": "Retroauricular dermatitis with vehement use of ear loop face masks during COVID19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Bothra, Atul", "Das, Seujee", "Singh, Mehak", "Pawar, Manoj", "Maheswari, Anshu"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic forged theexponential use of masks of various kinds, not just by health workers but also by general population as a personal protective equipment (PPE). Although contact dermatitis due to PPE is well reported, mask induced dermatitis is a relatively unexplored phenomenon. In this article, we report a preliminary data of patients experiencing retroauricaular dermatitis due to ear loop face masks."}, {"pmid": 32363221, "pmcid": "PMC7194867", "title": "An overview of coronaviruses including the SARS-2 coronavirus - Molecular biology, epidemiology and clinical implications.", "journal": "Curr Med Res Pract", "authors": ["Kaul, Dinesh"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363221", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus infections have emerged as epidemic and pandemic threats in last two decades. After the H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009, recently diagnosed novel betacoronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has spread across 203 countries and territories in all 5 major continents. World Health Organization (WHO) declared this as a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020. Subsequently on February 11, 2020 a new name was given to this disease i.e. COVID-19 by an expert group from WHO. As of April 12, 2020, 10:00 CET, GMT+2:00, 1,696,588 confirmed cases and 105,952 confirmed deaths have been reported to the WHO. (Coronavirus disease 2019, situation report 83). It possibly originated from a small animal market in Wuhan, China. A cluster of patients were admitted with unusual pneumonia not responding to treatment in various hospitals. Epidemiological, genomic analysis and correlation with other coronaviruses led to the isolation of new coronavirus, closely resembling the bat coronaviruses, from such patients in Wuhan. They were identified as the SARS-CoV-2. This virus infection presents as influenza like illness in the affected people. Fever, cough, respiratory distress with fatigue, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting are common symptoms seen in adults. This may progress on to respiratory distress, hypoxia, need for oxygen supplementation and ventilator support as seen in patients in the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic (2003) in Guangdong, China. The transmissibility of SARS-CoV-1 was less as compared to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and it was well controlled with good public health efforts. The present COVID-19 epidemic is still in the acceleration phase of 3 and 4 in various countries. Without any effective antiviral agents available at present, the need of the hour is early case detection, isolation of cases, use of good preventive care measures by the household contacts and in the hospital set up. The results of ongoing clinical trials on hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin alone or in combination and a new antiviral agent remdesivir may help to treat some of the infections. A need for effective vaccine is being seen an as good preventive strategy in this pandemic. However the results of clinical trials and incorporation of vaccines in public health programs is a long way to go."}, {"pmid": 32265035, "pmcid": "PMC7118687", "title": "[French Sarcoma Group proposals for management of sarcoma patients during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Penel, Nicolas", "Bonvalot, Sylvie", "Minard, Veronique", "Orbach, Daniel", "Gouin, Francois", "Corradini, Nadege", "Brahmi, Mehdi", "Marec-Berard, Perrine", "Briand, Sylvain", "Gaspar, Nathalie", "Llacer, Carmen", "Carrere, Sebastien", "Dufresne, Armelle", "Le Cesne, Axel", "Blay, Jean-Yves"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265035", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250095, "title": "Severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 in a middle-aged man without risk factors.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Szymanek-Pasternak, Anna", "Serafinska, Sylwia", "Kucharska, Marta", "Szymanski, Wojciech", "Simon, Krzysztof"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250095", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239522, "pmcid": "PMC7228376", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 spike protein favors ACE2 from Bovidae and Cricetidae.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Luan, Junwen", "Jin, Xiaolu", "Lu, Yue", "Zhang, Leiliang"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239522", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the recent COVID-19 public health crisis. Bat is the widely believed original host of SARS-CoV-2. However, its intermediate host before transmitting to humans is not clear. Some studies proposed pangolin, snake, or turtle as the intermediate hosts. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, which determines the potential host range for SARS-CoV-2. On the basis of structural information of the complex of human ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), we analyzed the affinity to S protein of the 20 key residues in ACE2 from mammal, bird, turtle, and snake. Several ACE2 proteins from Primates, Bovidae, Cricetidae, and Cetacea maintained the majority of key residues in ACE2 for associating with SARS-CoV-2 RBD. The simulated structures indicated that ACE2 proteins from Bovidae and Cricetidae were able to associate with SARS-CoV-2 RBD. We found that nearly half of the key residues in turtle, snake, and bird were changed. The simulated structures showed several key contacts with SARS-CoV-2 RBD in turtle and snake ACE2 were abolished. This study demonstrated that neither snake nor turtle was the intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV-2, which further reinforced the concept that the reptiles are resistant against infection of coronavirus. This study suggested that Bovidae and Cricetidae should be included in the screening of intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32483442, "pmcid": "PMC7255034", "title": "Association of clinical and radiographic findings with the outcomes of 93 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Theranostics", "authors": ["Li, Lingli", "Yang, Lian", "Gui, Shan", "Pan, Feng", "Ye, Tianhe", "Liang, Bo", "Hu, Yu", "Zheng, Chuansheng"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483442", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rationale: To retrospectively analyze serial chest CT and clinical features in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for the assessment of temporal changes and to investigate how the changes differ in survivors and nonsurvivors. Methods: The consecutive records of 93 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to Wuhan Union Hospital from January 10, 2020, to February 22, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. A series of chest CT findings and clinical data were collected and analyzed. The serial chest CT scans were scored on a semiquantitative basis according to the extent of pulmonary abnormalities. Chest CT scores in different periods (0 - 5 days, 6 - 10 days, 11 - 15 days, 16 - 20 days, and > 20 days) since symptom onset were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors, and the temporal trend of the radiographic-clinical features was analyzed. Results: The final cohort consisted of 93 patients: 68 survivors and 25 nonsurvivors. Nonsurvivors were significantly older than survivors. For both survivors and nonsurvivors, the chest CT scores were not different in the first period (0 - 5 days) but diverged afterwards. The mortality rate of COVID-19 monotonously increased with chest CT scores, which positively correlated with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil percentage, D-dimer level, lactate dehydrogenase level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, while negatively correlated with the lymphocyte percentage and lymphocyte count. Conclusions: Chest CT scores correlate well with risk factors for mortality over periods, thus they may be used as a prognostic indicator in COVID-19. While higher chest CT scores are associated with a higher mortality rate, CT images taken at least 6 days since symptom onset may contain more prognostic information than images taken at an earlier period."}, {"pmid": 32210130, "pmcid": "PMC7157669", "title": "Evolutionary Trajectory for the Emergence of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Rehman, Saif Ur", "Shafique, Laiba", "Ihsan, Awais", "Liu, Qingyou"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210130", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the last two decades, the world experienced three outbreaks of coronaviruses with elevated morbidity rates. Currently, the global community is facing emerging virus SARS-CoV-2 belonging to Betacoronavirus, which appears to be more transmissible but less deadly than SARS-CoV. The current study aimed to track the evolutionary ancestors and different evolutionary strategies that were genetically adapted by SARS-CoV-2. Our whole-genome analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 was the descendant of Bat SARS/SARS-like CoVs and bats served as a natural reservoir. SARS-CoV-2 used mutations and recombination as crucial strategies in different genomic regions including the envelop, membrane, nucleocapsid, and spike glycoproteins to become a novel infectious agent. We confirmed that mutations in different genomic regions of SARS-CoV-2 have specific influence on virus reproductive adaptability, allowing for genotype adjustment and adaptations in rapidly changing environments. Moreover, for the first time we identified nine putative recombination patterns in SARS-CoV-2, which encompass spike glycoprotein, RdRp, helicase and ORF3a. Six recombination regions were spotted in the S gene and are undoubtedly important for evolutionary survival, meanwhile this permitted the virus to modify superficial antigenicity to find a way from immune reconnaissance in animals and adapt to a human host. With these combined natural selected strategies, SARS-CoV-2 emerged as a novel virus in human society."}, {"pmid": 32474996, "title": "\"The life at the times of coronavirus\" Microbes rule the world!", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Meurman, Jukka H"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474996", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I used to begin my microbiology lecture series with a slogan \"microbes rule the world\". And I continued by reminding the students that microbes, in fact, have been on earth billions of years before man and that they most probably stay here after mankind has been extinguished. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic makes this statement actual but also a bit creepy."}, {"pmid": 32500337, "pmcid": "PMC7272105", "title": "Challenges and opportunities for graduate students in public health during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Public Health", "authors": ["Jenei, Kristina", "Cassidy-Mathews, Chenoa", "Virk, Punit", "Lulie, Bethel", "Closson, Kalysha"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500337", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241792, "title": "COVID-19 in a patient with systemic sclerosis treated with tocilizumab for SSc-ILD.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Mihai, Carina", "Dobrota, Rucsandra", "Schroder, Maria", "Garaiman, Alexandru", "Jordan, Suzana", "Becker, Mike Oliver", "Maurer, Britta", "Distler, Oliver"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241792", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305438, "pmcid": "PMC7162762", "title": "The American Academy of Dermatology COVID-19 registry: Crowdsourcing dermatology in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Freeman, Esther E", "McMahon, Devon E", "Fitzgerald, Matthew E", "Fox, Lindy P", "Rosenbach, Misha", "Takeshita, Junko", "French, Lars E", "Thiers, Bruce H", "Hruza, George J"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305438", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32096692, "title": "Anesthesia Procedure of Emergency Operation for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19.", "journal": "Surg Infect (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Wen, Xianjie", "Li, Yiqun"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096692", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514854, "title": "[Biological therapy after COVID-19 infection : No reactivation of a COVID-19 infection with positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody status under biological therapy].", "journal": "Z Rheumatol", "authors": ["Steinchen, N", "Muller-Ladner, U", "Lange, U"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514854", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A\u00a0case with rheumatoid arthritis and insufficient compensation under disease-modifying combined long-term therapy with methotrexate and leflunomide is reported. After recovery from a\u00a0COVID-19 infection, a\u00a0tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor therapy was initiated. Until now no reactivation of the COVID-19 infection with positive SARS-CoV\u20112 antibody status has occurred."}, {"pmid": 32426303, "pmcid": "PMC7229936", "title": "DIAGNOSTICO DE NEUMONIA COVID 19 EN PACIENTES ASINTOMATICOS TRAS LA REALIZACION DE UN PET-TC ONCOLOGICO.", "journal": "Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol", "authors": ["Rasilla, Jorge Mucientes", "Pernett, Rafael Jimeno", "Arbonies, Jorge Cardona"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426303", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared an international emergency due to the pandemic caused by a new coronavirus. There are some oncological indications that have special priority and studies are still being carried out despite the current situation. In these studies we have found suspicious findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in asymptomatic patients. The objective of this work is to assess the incidence of these findings, describe their characteristics and the evolution of suspected patients. Oncological PET studies carried out in asymptomatic patients between March 18 and April 8, 2020 have been reviewed. Patients who presented findings suggestive of corresponding to an pulmonary infectious process were selected. Clinical findings have been reviewed to confirm or rule out SARS-CoV2 infection. During the specified period, a total of 129 PET-CT studies were performed. Of these, 11 (8.5%) found suspicious findings of a pulmonary infectious process. These were 8 men and 3 women aged between 30 and 79 years (mean 62.2). Patients with COVID 19 can present few symptoms of the disease, and in PET-CT studies both presymptomatic and almost asymptomatic patients can be detected, so nuclear medicine physicians should take special attention to the pulmonary evaluation of PET-CT studies."}, {"pmid": 32355329, "pmcid": "PMC7192054", "title": "SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in patients and healthy donors.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Pia, Luisanna"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355329", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497493, "pmcid": "PMC7263809", "title": "Decolonising COVID-19: delaying external debt repayments.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Khan, Mishal", "Shanks, Sarah"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497493", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485155, "pmcid": "PMC7261064", "title": "Comparison of the Elecsys(R) Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay with the EDI enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human plasma.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Egger, Margot", "Bundschuh, Christian", "Wiesinger, Kurt", "Gabriel, Christian", "Clodi, Martin", "Mueller, Thomas", "Dieplinger, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485155", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here, we report on a head-to-head comparison of the fully-automated Elecsys\u00ae Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay with the EDITM enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human plasma. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured with the Elecsys\u00ae assay and the EDITM ELISAs (IgM and IgG) in 64 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients with serial blood samples (n\u00a0=\u00a0104) collected at different time points from symptom onset. Blood samples from 200 healthy blood donors and 256 intensive care unit (ICU) patients collected before the COVID-19 outbreak were also used. In COVID-19 patients, the percentage of positive results rose with time from symptom onset, peaking to positivity rates after 15-22\u00a0days of 100% for the Elecsys\u00ae assay, of 94% for the EDITM IgM-ELISA and of 100% for the EDITM IgG ELISA. In the 104 blood samples, the agreement between positive/negative classifications of the Elecsys\u00ae assay and the EDITM ELISAs (IgM or IgG) was 90%. The false positivity rates in the healthy blood donors and the ICU patients were\u00a0<\u00a01% for the Elecsys\u00ae assay and\u00a0<\u00a03% for the EDITM ELISAs. Our results indicate a high sensitivity and specificity for the Elecsys\u00ae assay and an acceptable agreement with the EDITM ELISAs."}, {"pmid": 32264667, "title": "First impact on services and their preparation. \"Instant paper from the field\" on rehabilitation answers to the Covid-19 emergency.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Boldrini, Paolo", "Kiekens, Carlotte", "Bargellesi, Stefano", "Brianti, Rodolfo", "Galeri, Silvia", "Lucca, Lucia", "Montis, Andrea", "Posteraro, Federico", "Scarponi, Federico", "Straudi, Sofia", "Negrini, Stefano"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264667", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper reports the immediate impact of the epidemic on rehabilitation services in Italy, the first country in Europe hit by Covid-19. In a country with almost 5,000 Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine physicians, the webinar had 230 live viewers (4.5%), and more than 8,900 individual visualizations of the recorded version. The overall inadequate preparation of the rehabilitation system to face a sudden epidemic was clear, and similar to that of the acute services. The original idea of confining the Covid-19 cases to some areas of rehabilitation wards and/or hospitals, preserving others, proved not to be feasible. Continuous reorganization and adaptation were required due to the rapid changes. Overall, rehabilitation needs had to surrender to the more acute emergency, with total conversion of beds, wards and even hospitals. The quarantine needs heavily involved also outpatient services that were mostly closed. Rehabilitation professionals needed support, but also acted properly, again similarly to what happened in the acute wards. The typical needs of rehabilitation, such as human and physical contacts, but also social interactions including patient, team, family and caregivers, appeared clearly in the current unavoidable need of being suppressed. These notes could serve the preparation of other services worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32458333, "pmcid": "PMC7250248", "title": "Catastrophic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Two Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurocrit Care", "authors": ["Carroll, Elizabeth", "Lewis, Ariane"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458333", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473082, "title": "Long-term surveillance of bat coronaviruses in Korea: Diversity and distribution pattern.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Lo, Van Thi", "Yoon, Sun-Woo", "Noh, Ji Yeong", "Kim, Youngji", "Choi, Yong Gun", "Jeong, Dae Gwin", "Kim, Hye Kwon"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473082", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Bats harbor diverse coronaviruses (CoVs), some of which are associated with zoonotic infections, as well as interspecies transmission. In this study, a total of 512 bat fecal samples from the bat habitats at different geographical locations in South Korea were investigated between 2016 and 2019. Seventy-eight samples were positive for coronaviruses (15.2%), comprising 68 alphacoronaviruses (13.3%) and 10 betacoronaviruses (2.0%). The positive rates tended to increase during the awakening-(April) period. Notably, betacoronaviruses were only found in the site where Rhinolophus ferrumequinum was the major species of bats, and were related to SARS- and MERS-related CoVs identified in China and South Korea, respectively. No betacoronaviruses were closely related to SARS-CoV-2 in this study. Alphacoronaviruses were detected in the sites where Hypsugo alaschanicus, Miniopterus fuliginosus, Miniopterus schreibersii, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Myotis bombinus, Myotis macrodactylus, and Myotis petax were found to be the major bat species. Furthermore, alphacoronaviruses had higher genetic diversity than betacoronaviruses, and had a wider distribution in Korea. Considering that different bat species are co-roosting in crowded conditions in the same habitat, the diverse coronaviruses in Korean bats are likely to undergo cross-species transmission events due to the richness in host species. Therefore, continuous monitoring should be performed, especially at the awakening time of the hibernating bats in the habitats where diverse bat species co-roost, to better understand the evolution of coronaviruses in bats."}, {"pmid": 32303564, "title": "Comparison of Abbott ID Now, Diasorin Simplexa, and CDC FDA EUA methods for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal and nasal swabs from individuals diagnosed with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Rhoads, Daniel D", "Cherian, Sree S", "Roman, Katharine", "Stempak, Lisa M", "Schmotzer, Christine L", "Sadri, Navid"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303564", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dozens of in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) have received emergency use authorization (EUA) from the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, but little has been studied to determine how well these assays perform using clinical specimens.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32460390, "title": "Covid-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: A single center experience.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Hoek, Rogier A S", "Manintveld, Olivier C", "Betjes, Michiel G H", "Hellemons, Merel E", "Seghers, Leonard", "van Kampen, Jeroen A A", "Caliskan, Kadir", "van de Wetering, Jacqueline", "van den Hoogen, Martijn", "Metselaar, Herold J", "Hesselink, Dennis A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460390", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients may be at risk for severe COVID-19. Data on the clinical course of COVID-19 in immunosuppressed patients are limited and the effective treatment strategy for these patients is unknown. We describe our institutional experience with COVID-19 in SOT. Demographic, clinical and treatment data were extracted from the electronic patient files. A total of 23 SOT transplant recipients suffering from COVID-19 were identified (n = 3 heart; n =15 kidney; n = 1 kidney-after-heart; n = 3 lung and n = 1 liver transplant recipient). The presenting symptoms were similar to non-immunocompromised patients Eighty-three percent (19/23) of the patients required hospitalization but only two of these were transferred to the intensive care unit. Five patients died from COVID-19; all had high Clinical Frailty scores. In four of these patients, mechanical ventilation was deemed futile. In 57% of patients, the immunosuppressive therapy was not changed and only 3 patients were treated with chloroquine. Most patients recovered without experimental anti-viral therapy. Modification of the immunosuppressive regimen alone could be a therapeutic option for SOT recipients suffering from moderate to severe COVID-19. Pre-existent frailty is associated with death from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32430840, "pmcid": "PMC7237242", "title": "Dynamic interventions to control COVID-19 pandemic: a multivariate prediction modelling study comparing 16 worldwide countries.", "journal": "Eur J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chowdhury, Rajiv", "Heng, Kevin", "Shawon, Md Shajedur Rahman", "Goh, Gabriel", "Okonofua, Daisy", "Ochoa-Rosales, Carolina", "Gonzalez-Jaramillo, Valentina", "Bhuiya, Abbas", "Reidpath, Daniel", "Prathapan, Shamini", "Shahzad, Sara", "Althaus, Christian L", "Gonzalez-Jaramillo, Nathalia", "Franco, Oscar H"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430840", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) have been the mainstay for controlling the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While NPIs are effective in preventing health systems overload, these long-term measures are likely to have significant adverse economic consequences. Therefore, many countries are currently considering to lift the NPIs-increasing the\u00a0likelihood of disease resurgence.\u00a0In this regard, dynamic NPIs, with intervals of relaxed social distancing, may provide a more suitable alternative. However, the ideal frequency and duration of intermittent NPIs, and the ideal \"break\" when interventions can be temporarily relaxed, remain uncertain, especially in resource-poor settings. We employed a multivariate prediction model, based on up-to-date transmission and clinical\u00a0parameters, to simulate outbreak trajectories in 16 countries, from diverse regions and economic categories. In each country, we then modelled the impacts on intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths over an 18-month period for following scenarios: (1) no intervention, (2) consecutive cycles of mitigation measures followed by a relaxation period, and (3) consecutive cycles of suppression measures followed by a relaxation period. We defined these dynamic interventions based on reduction of the mean reproduction number during each cycle, assuming a basic reproduction number (R0) of 2.2 for no intervention, and subsequent\u00a0effective reproduction numbers (R) of 0.8 and 0.5 for illustrative\u00a0dynamic mitigation and suppression interventions, respectively. We found that dynamic cycles of 50-day mitigation followed by a 30-day relaxation reduced transmission, however, were unsuccessful in lowering ICU hospitalizations below manageable limits. By contrast, dynamic cycles of 50-day suppression followed by a 30-day relaxation kept the ICU demands below the national capacities. Additionally, we estimated that a significant number of new infections and deaths, especially in resource-poor countries, would be averted if these dynamic suppression measures were kept in place over an 18-month period. This multi-country analysis demonstrates that intermittent reductions of R below 1 through a potential combination of suppression interventions and relaxation can be an effective strategy for COVID-19 pandemic control. Such a \"schedule\" of social distancing might be particularly relevant to low-income countries, where a single, prolonged suppression intervention is unsustainable. Efficient implementation of dynamic suppression interventions, therefore, confers a pragmatic option to: (1) prevent critical care overload and deaths, (2) gain time to develop preventive and clinical measures, and (3) reduce economic hardship globally."}, {"pmid": 32472706, "title": "The Long-Standing History of Corynebacterium Parvum, Immunity and Viruses.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Palmieri, Beniamino", "Vadala, Maria", "Roncati, Luca", "Garelli, Andrea", "Scandone, Francesco", "Bondi, Moreno", "Cermelli, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472706", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a review of all the experimental and clinical studies performed in the last 60 years on the antiviral activity of inactivated Corynebacterium Parvum (Cutibacterium acnes). This bacterium has been originally investigated and used for its oncolytic properties linked to immunomodulating activity, but the interest to successfully prevent and treat bacterial, fungal and viral infections and lethality, uprising the innate immunity barriers produced many experimental models and very few clinical studies. The dramatic defenceless situation due to impending CoViD-19 pandemic claims to exhume and highlight this aspecific strategy in preventive and therapeutic settings; as a matter of fact no new or mutated virus can potentially escape to this strong innate immune surveillance strengthened by adequate C.parvum protocols. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32410285, "pmcid": "PMC7272979", "title": "A retrospective study on the epidemiological characteristics and establishment of an early warning system of severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yang, Ping", "Wang, Pengfei", "Song, Yuyan", "Zhang, An", "Yuan, Guodan", "Cui, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410285", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper estimates the magnitude of an informational friction limiting credit reallocation to firms during the 2007-2009 financial crisis. Because lenders rely on private information when deciding which relationship to end, borrowers looking for a new lender are adversely selected. I show how to identify private information separately from information common to all lenders but unobservable to the econometrician by using bank shocks within a discrete choice model of relationships. Quantitatively, these informational frictions seem too small to explain the credit crunch in the U.S. syndicated corporate loan market."}, {"pmid": 32320825, "pmcid": "PMC7166307", "title": "Recent progress and challenges in drug development against COVID-19 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) - an update on the status.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Abd El-Aziz, Tarek Mohamed", "Stockand, James D"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320825", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses known to cause illnesses that vary between the common cold and more severe diseases to include severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). A novel coronavirus was identified in December 2019 in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China. This virus represents a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans. The virus is now known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the resulting disease is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a global pandemic in March 2020. Despite rigorous global containment and quarantine efforts, the incidence of COVID-19 continues to rise, with more than 1,948,617 laboratory-confirmed cases and over 121,846 deaths worldwide. Currently, no specific medication is recommended to treat COVID-19 patients. However, governments and pharmaceutical companies are struggling to quickly find an effective drug to defeat the coronavirus. In the current review, we summarize the existing state of knowledge about COVID-19, available medications, and treatment options. Favilavir is an antiviral drug that is approved in Japan for common influenza treatment and is now approved to treat symptoms of COVID-19 in China. Moreover, Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, drugs used to treat malaria and arthritis, respectively, were recommended by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China for treatment of COVID-19. Presently, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are under investigation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a treatment for COVID-19. The first COVID-19 vaccine is not expected to be ready for clinical trials before the end of the year."}, {"pmid": 32303481, "pmcid": "PMC7194915", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Sheng, Wang-Huei", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Huang, Yhu-Chering", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303481", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277366, "pmcid": "PMC7147136", "title": "Learnings for Health Economics from the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Pharmacoecon Open", "authors": ["Hatswell, Anthony J"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277366", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409506, "title": "Covid-19: Cases rise in Russia as health workers pay the price for PPE shortage.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409506", "countries": ["Russian Federation"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32087323, "pmcid": "PMC7129333", "title": "First Atypical case of 2019 novel coronavirus in Yan'an, China.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Hao, Wendong", "Li, Manxiang", "Huang, Xiaoqi"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087323", "countries": ["Japan", "China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431118, "title": "[CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON COVID-19 IN CHILDREN - CAUTIOUS OPTIMISM].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Somekh, Ido", "Somech, Raz"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431118", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of COVID-19 which began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide evolving into a pandemic, poses a global health emergency. As of mid-April over 2 million people have been infected with over 145 thousand casualties. The disease is more severe in the older population, whereas in children lower infection rates and milder symptoms are more common. Severe symptoms in the pediatric population, although uncommon, have been reported mainly in infants younger than 1 year of age. Perinatal transmission is infrequent and associated with a relatively mild illness in the newborn."}, {"pmid": 32220177, "title": "[Epidemiology, Treatment, and Epidemic Prevention and Control of the Coronavirus Disease 2019: a Review].", "journal": "Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Luan, Rong-Sheng", "Wang, Xin", "Sun, Xin", "Chen, Xing-Shu", "Zhou, Tao", "Liu, Quan-Hui", "Lu, Xin", "Wu, Xian-Ping", "Gu, Dong-Qing", "Tang, Ming-Shuang", "Cui, Hui-Jie", "Shan, Xue-Feng", "Ouyang, Jing", "Zhang, Ben", "Zhang, Wei", "Sichuan University Covid-, Emergency Research Group"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220177", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review summarizes the ongoing researches regarding etiology, epidemiology, transmission dynamics, treatment, and prevention and control strategies of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with comparison to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and pandemic H1N1 virus. SARS-CoV-2 may be originated from bats, and the patients and asymptomatic carriers are the source of epidemic infection. The virus can be transmitted human-to-human through droplets and close contact, and people at all ages are susceptible to this virus. The main clinical symptoms of the patients are fever and cough, accompanied with leukocytopenia and lymphocytopenia. Effective drugs have been not yet available thus far. In terms of the prevention and control strategies, vaccine development as the primary prevention should be accelerated. Regarding the secondary prevention, ongoing efforts of the infected patients and close contacts quarantine, mask wearing promotion, regular disinfection in public places should be continued. Meanwhile, rapid detection kit for serological monitoring of the virus in general population is expected so as to achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early isolation and early treatment. In addition, public health education on this disease and prevention should be enhanced so as to mitigate panic and mobilize the public to jointly combat the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32371892, "pmcid": "PMC7200764", "title": "COVID-19 Disease Map, building a computational repository of SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interaction mechanisms.", "journal": "Sci Data", "authors": ["Ostaszewski, Marek", "Mazein, Alexander", "Gillespie, Marc E", "Kuperstein, Inna", "Niarakis, Anna", "Hermjakob, Henning", "Pico, Alexander R", "Willighagen, Egon L", "Evelo, Chris T", "Hasenauer, Jan", "Schreiber, Falk", "Drager, Andreas", "Demir, Emek", "Wolkenhauer, Olaf", "Furlong, Laura I", "Barillot, Emmanuel", "Dopazo, Joaquin", "Orta-Resendiz, Aurelio", "Messina, Francesco", "Valencia, Alfonso", "Funahashi, Akira", "Kitano, Hiroaki", "Auffray, Charles", "Balling, Rudi", "Schneider, Reinhard"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371892", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388676, "pmcid": "PMC7211145", "title": "Glucocorticoid versus immunoglobulin in the treatment of COVID-19-associated fulminant myocarditis.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Kow, Chia Siang", "Hasan, Syed Shahzad"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388676", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366514, "title": "Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19: Emerging Evidence of a Distinct Pathophysiology.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Batlle, Daniel", "Soler, Maria Jose", "Sparks, Matthew A", "Hiremath, Swapnil", "South, Andrew M", "Welling, Paul A", "Swaminathan, Sundararaman"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366514", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433946, "pmcid": "PMC7236739", "title": "Herd Immunity: Understanding COVID-19.", "journal": "Immunity", "authors": ["Randolph, Haley E", "Barreiro, Luis B"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433946", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated disease, COVID-19, has demonstrated the devastating impact of a novel, infectious pathogen on a susceptible population. Here, we explain the basic concepts of herd immunity and discuss its implications in the context of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32419167, "title": "The true worth of a nurse..time to act!", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["Williams, Ged"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419167", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has shown the world the true value of the nursing profession to the healthcare system and to humanity. Indeed, without nurses (and midwives) there would be no health care!. The timing of this \"freak\" (although not unpredictable) viral pandemic with the World Health Assembly declaration that 2020 is the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife is a poignant coincidence. For almost 200 years we have witnessed the progressive growth of professionalisation, capacity and capability of the nursing profession globally. In most countries in the world that survey the public trust and confidence in professional groups, most select nursing in the top group, often ahead of doctors and other noble professions."}, {"pmid": 32479207, "title": "Maintaining a Viable Donor Milk Supply During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Hum Lact", "authors": ["Jayagobi, Pooja Agarwal", "Mei Chien, Chua"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333185, "pmcid": "PMC7182505", "title": "Social and behavioral health responses to COVID-19: lessons learned from four decades of an HIV pandemic.", "journal": "J Behav Med", "authors": ["Eaton, Lisa A", "Kalichman, Seth C"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333185", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our public health approaches to addressing COVID-19 are heavily dependent on social and behavioral change strategies to halt transmissions. To date, biomedical forms of curative and preventative treatments for COVID-19 are at best limited. Four decades into the HIV epidemic we have learned a considerable amount of information regarding social and behavioral approaches to addressing disease transmission. Here we outline broad, scoping lessons learned from the HIV literature tailored to the nature of what we currently know about COVID-19. We focus on multiple levels of intervention including intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and social factors, each of which provide a reference point for understanding and elaborating on social/behavioral lessons learned from HIV prevention and treatment research. The investments in HIV prevention and treatment research far outweigh any infectious disease in the history of public health, that is, until now with the emergence of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32298883, "pmcid": "PMC7270847", "title": "Correlation between weather and Covid-19 pandemic in Jakarta, Indonesia.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Tosepu, Ramadhan", "Gunawan, Joko", "Effendy, Devi Savitri", "Ahmad, La Ode Ali Imran", "Lestari, Hariati", "Bahar, Hartati", "Asfian, Pitrah"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298883", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to analyze the correlation between weather and covid-19 pandemic in Jakarta Indonesia. This study employed a secondary data analysis of surveillance data of covid-19 from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia and weather from the Meteorological Department of the Republic of Indonesia. The components of weather include minimum temperature (\u00b0C), maximum temperature (\u00b0C), temperature average (\u00b0C), humidity (%), and amount of rainfall (mm). Spearman-rank correlation test was used for data analysis. Among the components of the weather, only temperature average (\u00b0C) was significantly correlated with covid-19 pandemic (r\u00a0=\u00a00.392; p\u00a0<\u00a0.01). The finding serves as an input to reduce the incidence rate of covid-19 in Indonesia."}, {"pmid": 32513511, "title": "COVID-19 and concomitant neurological infections.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Romero Cantero, V", "Moreno Pulido, S", "Duque Holguera, M", "Casado Naranjo, I"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513511", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433285, "pmcid": "PMC7268822", "title": "Current Evidence for Minimally Invasive Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Risk Mitigation Strategies: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Chadi, Sami A", "Guidolin, Keegan", "Caycedo-Marulanda, Antonio", "Sharkawy, Abdu", "Spinelli, Antonino", "Quereshy, Fayez A", "Okrainec, Allan"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our objective was to review the literature surrounding the risks of viral transmission during laparoscopic surgery and propose mitigation measures to address these risks. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused surgeons the world over to re-evaluate their approach to surgical procedures given concerns over the risk of aerosolization of viral particles and exposure of operating room staff to infection. International society guidelines advise against the use of laparoscopy; however, the evidence on this topic is scant and recommendations are based on the perceived most cautious course of action. We conducted a narrative review of the existing literature surrounding the risks of viral transmission during laparoscopic surgery and balance these risks against the benefits of minimally invasive approaches. We also propose mitigation measures to address these risks that we have adopted in our institution. While it is currently assumed that open surgery minimizes operating room staff exposure to the virus, our findings reveal that this may not be the case. A well-informed, evidence-based opinion is critical when making decisions regarding which operative approach to pursue, for the safety and well-being of the patient, the operating room staff, and the healthcare system at large. Minimally invasive surgical approaches offer significant advantages with respect to both patient care, and the mitigation of the risk of viral transmission during surgery, provided the appropriate equipment and expertise are present."}, {"pmid": 32269085, "pmcid": "PMC7144260", "title": "Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biology perspective.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Mason, Robert J"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269085", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345702, "title": "Renal Involvement and Early Prognosis in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Pei, Guangchang", "Zhang, Zhiguo", "Peng, Jing", "Liu, Liu", "Zhang, Chunxiu", "Yu, Chong", "Ma, Zufu", "Huang, Yi", "Liu, Wei", "Yao, Ying", "Zeng, Rui", "Xu, Gang"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345702", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some patients with COVID-19 pneumonia also present with kidney injury, and autopsy findings of patients who died from the illness sometimes show renal damage. However, little is known about the clinical characteristics of kidney-related complications, including hematuria, proteinuria, and AKI. In this retrospective, single-center study in China, we analyzed data from electronic medical records of 333 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, including information about clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and other characteristics, as well as information about renal outcomes. We found that 251 of the 333 patients (75.4%) had abnormal urine dipstick tests or AKI. Of 198 patients with renal involvement for the median duration of 12 days, 118 (59.6%) experienced remission of pneumonia during this period, and 111 of 162 (68.5%) patients experienced remission of proteinuria. Among 35 patients who developed AKI (with AKI identified by criteria expanded somewhat beyond the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes definition), 16 (45.7%) experienced complete recovery of kidney function. We suspect that most AKI cases were intrinsic AKI. Patients with renal involvement had higher overall mortality compared with those without renal involvement (28 of 251 [11.2%] versus one of 82 [1.2%], respectively). Stepwise multivariate binary logistic regression analyses showed that severity of pneumonia was the risk factor most commonly associated with lower odds of proteinuric or hematuric remission and recovery from AKI. Renal abnormalities occurred in the majority of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Although proteinuria, hematuria, and AKI often resolved in such patients within 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms, renal complications in COVID-19 were associated with higher mortality."}, {"pmid": 32293832, "pmcid": "PMC7195990", "title": "Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Hasoksuz, Mustafa", "Kilic, Selcuk", "Sarac, Fahriye"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293832", "countries": ["China", "Turkey"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) cause a broad spectrum of diseases in domestic and wild animals, poultry, and rodents, ranging from mild to severe enteric, respiratory, and systemic disease, and also cause the common cold or pneumonia in humans. Seven coronavirus species are known to cause human infection, 4 of which, HCoV 229E, HCoV NL63, HCoV HKU1 and HCoV OC43, typically cause cold symptoms in immunocompetent individuals. The others namely SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) were zoonotic in origin and cause severe respiratory illness and fatalities. On 31 December 2019, the existence of patients with pneumonia of an unknown aetiology was reported to WHO by the national authorities in China. This virus was officially identified by the coronavirus study group as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the present outbreak of a coronavirus-associated acute respiratory disease was labelled coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). COVID-19\u2019s first cases were seen in Turkey on March 10, 2020 and was number 47,029 cases and 1006 deaths after 1 month. Infections with SARS-CoV-2 are now widespread, and as of 10 April 2020, 1,727,602 cases have been confirmed in more than 210 countries, with 105,728 deaths."}, {"pmid": 32496515, "title": "Otolaryngology Residency Match During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Happens Next?", "journal": "JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Xie, Deborah X", "Hillel, Alexander T", "Ward, Bryan K"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496515", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380152, "pmcid": "PMC7198414", "title": "Potential infectious risk from the pets carrying SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Haizhou", "Wang, Fan", "Wang, Hongling", "Zhao, Qiu"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380152", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357209, "pmcid": "PMC7197602", "title": "Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients as a serologic marker of infection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Rongqing", "Li, Maohua", "Song, Hao", "Chen, Jianxin", "Ren, Wenlin", "Feng, Yingmei", "Gao, George F", "Song, Jinwen", "Peng, Ya", "Su, Bin", "Guo, Xianghua", "Wang, Yanjun", "Chen, Jingong", "Li, Jianli", "Sun, Hunter", "Bai, Zhonghu", "Cao, WenJing", "Zhu, Jin", "Zhang, Qinlu", "Sun, Yufei", "Sun, Sean", "Mao, Xinkun", "Su, Junchi", "Chen, Xiang", "He, Ailiang", "Gao, Wen", "Jin, Ronghua", "Jiang, Yongzhong", "Sun, Le"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357209", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thousands of medical staff had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus with hundreds of deaths reported. Such loss could be prevented if there is a serologic assay for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies for serological surveillance of its infection at the early stage of disease. Using CHO cell expressed full length SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein as capturing antigen, a COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 S1 serology ELISA kit was developed and validated with negative samples collected prior to the outbreaks or during the outbreak, and positive samples from patients confirmed with COVID-19. The specificity of the ELISA kit was 97.5%, as examined against total 412 normal human samples. The sensitivity was 97.1% by testing against 69 samples from hospitalized and/or recovered COVID-19 patients. The overall accuracy rate reached 97.3%. The assay was able to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibody on day one after the onset of COVID-19 disease. The average antibody levels increased during the hospitalization and after been discharged for two weeks. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 28 out of 276 asymptomatic medical staff and one out of five nucleic acid test-negative \"Close contacts\" of COVID-19 patient. With the assays developed here, we can screen medical staff, in-coming patients, passengers and people who are in close contact with the confirmed patients to identify the \"innocent viral spreaders\", protect the medical staff and stop the further spreading of the virus."}, {"pmid": 32425194, "title": "[Corrigendum to \"New insights into the seriousness of acute myocardial injury during COVID-19\" [G Ital Cardiol 2020;21(5):328-331]].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425194", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344770, "pmcid": "PMC7216275", "title": "Modeling Impact of Word of Mouth and E-Government on Online Social Presence during COVID-19 Outbreak: A Multi-Mediation Approach.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yasir, Ammar", "Hu, Xiaojian", "Ahmad, Munir", "Rauf, Abdul", "Shi, Jingwen", "Ali Nasir, Saba"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although social presence plays an essential role under general conditions, its role becomes significant for societal protection during the quarantine period in epidemic outbreak. In this study, we attempted to identify the role of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth in terms of their direct impact on online social presence during the outbreak as well as their impacts mediated by epidemic protection and attitudes toward epidemic outbreaks. For this purpose, a unique multi-mediation model is proposed to provide a new direction for research in the field of epidemic outbreaks and their control. Through random sampling, an online survey was conducted and data from 683participants were analyzed. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between the variables of interest. The study results revealed that the roles of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth are positively related to online social presence during the outbreak. Epidemic protection and attitude toward epidemic outbreak were found to positively moderate the impact of the role of E-government and COVID-19 word of mouth on online social presence during the outbreak. The key findings of this study have both practical and academic implications."}, {"pmid": 32434904, "title": "Covid-19: Intensive care consultant has suspension cut short to help fight pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434904", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453637, "title": "Mental Health Treatment for Front-Line Clinicians During and After the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Plea to the Medical Community.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Taylor, Warren D", "Blackford, Jennifer Urbano"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453637", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348640, "pmcid": "PMC7204428", "title": "Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest during the Covid-19 Outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Baldi, Enrico", "Sechi, Giuseppe M", "Mare, Claudio", "Canevari, Fabrizio", "Brancaglione, Antonella", "Primi, Roberto", "Klersy, Catherine", "Palo, Alessandra", "Contri, Enrico", "Ronchi, Vincenza", "Beretta, Giorgio", "Reali, Francesca", "Parogni, Pierpaolo", "Facchin, Fabio", "Bua, Davide", "Rizzi, Ugo", "Bussi, Daniele", "Ruggeri, Simone", "Oltrona Visconti, Luigi", "Savastano, Simone"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348640", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501336, "pmcid": "PMC7255336", "title": "Coronavirus may cross placenta.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Hamzelou, Jessica"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501336", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Four months into the crisis, many questions remain over covid-19 in pregnancy."}, {"pmid": 32166600, "pmcid": "PMC7089477", "title": "China's local governments are combating COVID-19 with unprecedented responses - from a Wenzhou governance perspective.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Gong, Fanghua", "Xiong, Yong", "Xiao, Jian", "Lin, Li", "Liu, Xiaodong", "Wang, Dezhong", "Li, Xiaokun"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166600", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 caused by a novel strain of coronavirus has been spreading rapidly since its occurrence in December 2019. It is highly communicable through human-to-human transmission. China has been making unprecedented efforts in treating the confirmed cases, identifying and isolating their close contacts and suspected cases to control the source of infection and cut the route of transmission. China's devotion in handling this epidemic has effectively and efficiently curbed communication domestically and across the border. Representative measures adopted by Wenzhou, the worst hit city out of Hubei Province, are examined to elucidate those massive undertakings with the aim of enhancing international understanding and building global rapport in fighting this evolving epidemic situation."}, {"pmid": 32488343, "pmcid": "PMC7264486", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 as a particular sepsis: a 2-week follow-up of standard immunological parameters in critically ill patients.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Monneret, Guillaume", "Cour, Martin", "Viel, Sebastien", "Venet, Fabienne", "Argaud, Laurent"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488343", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354634, "pmcid": "PMC7142691", "title": "A single center observational study of the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of 20 kidney transplant patients admitted for SARS-CoV2 pneumonia.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Alberici, Federico", "Delbarba, Elisa", "Manenti, Chiara", "Econimo, Laura", "Valerio, Francesca", "Pola, Alessandra", "Maffei, Camilla", "Possenti, Stefano", "Zambetti, Nicole", "Moscato, Marianna", "Venturini, Margherita", "Affatato, Stefania", "Gaggiotti, Mario", "Bossini, Nicola", "Scolari, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354634", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outcome of SARS-CoV2 infection in patients who have received a kidney allograft and are being treated with immunosuppression is unclear. We describe 20 kidney transplant recipients (median age 59 years [inter quartile range 51-64 years], median age of transplant 13 years [9-20 years], baseline eGFR 36.5 [23-47.5]) with SARS-CoV2 induced pneumonia. At admission, all had immunosuppression withdrawn and were started on methylprednisolone 16 mg/day, all but one was commenced on antiviral therapy and hydroxychloroquine with doses adjusted for kidney function. At baseline, all patients presented fever but only one complained of difficulty in breathing. Half of patients showed chest radiographic evidence of bilateral infiltrates while the other half showed unilateral changes or no infiltrates. During a median follow-up of seven days, 87% experienced a radiological progression and among those 73% required escalation of oxygen therapy. Six patients developed acute kidney injury with one requiring hemodialysis. Six of 12 patients were treated with tocilizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to the IL-6 receptor. Overall, five kidney transplant recipients died after a median period of 15 days [15-19] from symptom onset. These preliminary findings describe a rapid clinical deterioration associated with chest radiographic deterioration and escalating oxygen requirement in renal transplant recipients with SARS-Cov2 pneumonia. Thus, in this limited cohort of long-term kidney transplant patients, SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia is characterized by high risk of progression and significant mortality."}, {"pmid": 32056509, "pmcid": "PMC7033698", "title": "HIV-1 did not contribute to the 2019-nCoV genome.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Xiao, Chuan", "Li, Xiaojun", "Liu, Shuying", "Sang, Yongming", "Gao, Shou-Jiang", "Gao, Feng"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32056509", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499157, "pmcid": "PMC7247507", "title": "Disposable Isolation Device to Reduce COVID-19 Contamination During CT Scanning.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Amalou, Amel", "Turkbey, Baris", "Xu, Sheng", "Turkbey, Evrim", "An, Peng", "Carrafiello, Gianpaolo", "Ierardi, Anna Maria", "Suh, Robert", "Amalou, Hayet", "Wood, Bradford J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499157", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The use of chest computed tomography (CT) in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic raises concern regarding the transmission risks to patients and staff caused by CT room contamination. Meanwhile the Center for Disease Control guidance for air exchange in between patients may heavily impact workflows. To design a portable custom isolation device to reduce imaging equipment contamination during a pandemic. Center for Disease Control air exchange guidelines and requirements were reviewed. Device functional requirements were outlined and designed. Engineering requirements were reviewed. Methods of practice and risk mitigation plans were outlined including donning and doffing procedures and failure modes. Cost impact was assessed in terms of CT patient throughput. CT air exchange solutions and alternatives were reviewed. Multiple isolation bag device designs were considered. Several designs were custom fabricated, prototyped and reduced to practice. A final design was tested on volunteers for comfort, test-fit, air seal, and breathability. Less than 14 times enhanced patient throughput was estimated, in an ideal setting, which could more than counterbalance the cost of the device itself. A novel isolation bag device is feasible for use in CT and might facilitate containment and reduce contamination in radiology departments during the COVID Pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32501022, "title": "Home delivery of medication during Coronavirus disease 2019, Cape Town, South Africa: Short report.", "journal": "Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med", "authors": ["Brey, Zameer", "Mash, Robert", "Goliath, Charlyn", "Roman, Darrin"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501022", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The public sector primary care facilities in Cape Town serve a large number of patients with chronic diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis, diabetes, hypertension, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Prior to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, stable patients with chronic conditions attended the facility or support groups to obtain their medication. During the COVID-19 epidemic, these patients would be put at risk if they had to travel and gather in groups to receive medication. The Metropolitan Health Services, therefore, decided to offer home delivery of medication. A system of home delivery was rapidly established by linking the existing chronic dispensing unit system with the emerging approach to community-orientated primary care in the Metro. Medication was delivered as usual to primary care pharmacies, but then a variety of means were used to disseminate the parcels to local non-profit organisations, where they could be delivered by a city-wide network of community health workers (CHWs). Innovations included various ways of delivering the parcels, including via Uber, bicycles and electric scooters, as well as Google forms to monitor the success of the initiative. It was estimated that up to 200 000 parcels per month could be delivered in this way via 2500 CHWs. The new system was established throughout the Metropole, and its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are further discussed. The initiative may prevent COVID-19 amongst people with comorbidities who would be at risk of more severe diseases. It may also have de-congested primary care facilities ahead of the expected surge in COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32447153, "pmcid": "PMC7255270", "title": "COVID-19 is likely to impact animal health.", "journal": "Prev Vet Med", "authors": ["Gortazar, Christian", "de la Fuente, Jose"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447153", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Responses to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic have included travel bans and social distancing with \"shelter in place\" orders, resulting in sudden changes in human activity and subsequent effects on the global and national economy. We speculate that animal health will likely be impacted by COVID-19 through the immediate consequences of sudden human confinement and inactivity, and through the long-term consequences of the upcoming economic crisis on farmer livelihoods and veterinary service capacities. We expect the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent economic crisis to impact negatively on the control of diseases that are already present in Europe, as well as on the European capacity to prevent and respond in a timely manner to new and emerging animal diseases. We also expect an increased attention to the animal health implications of coronavirus infections in animals. Mechanisms explaining these outcomes include increased wildlife-livestock contacts due to human confinement; disruption of ongoing testing schemes for endemic diseases; lower disease surveillance efforts; and lower capacity for managing populations of relevant wildlife reservoirs. The main mitigation action consists in adapting animal health management strategies to the available resources."}, {"pmid": 32186277, "pmcid": "PMC7096777", "title": "Rapidly increasing cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the European Union/European Economic Area and the United Kingdom, 1 January to 15 March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Kinross, Pete", "Suetens, Carl", "Gomes Dias, Joana", "Alexakis, Leonidas", "Wijermans, Ariana", "Colzani, Edoardo", "Monnet, Dominique L"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32186277", "countries": ["Italy", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases is showing similar trends in European Union/European Economic Area countries and the United Kingdom confirming that, while at a different stage depending on the country, the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in all countries. Based on the experience from Italy, countries, hospitals and intensive care units should increase their preparedness for a surge of patients with COVID-19 who will require healthcare, and in particular intensive care."}, {"pmid": 32297591, "title": "[COVID-19 and the Invisible Damage].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Melo, Renato Bessa", "Tavares, Nuno Teixeira", "Duarte, Raquel"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297591", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237288, "pmcid": "PMC7169629", "title": "Guidelines for Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea.", "journal": "Ann Lab Med", "authors": ["Hong, Ki Ho", "Lee, Sang Won", "Kim, Taek Soo", "Huh, Hee Jae", "Lee, Jaehyeon", "Kim, So Yeon", "Park, Jae Sun", "Kim, Gab Jeong", "Sung, Heungsup", "Roh, Kyoung Ho", "Kim, Jae Seok", "Kim, Hyun Soo", "Lee, Seung Tae", "Seong, Moon Woo", "Ryoo, Namhee", "Lee, Hyukmin", "Kwon, Kye Chul", "Yoo, Cheon Kwon"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237288", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which began in December 2019, is still ongoing in Korea, with >9,000 confirmed cases as of March 25, 2020. COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and real-time reverse transcription-PCR is currently the most reliable diagnostic method for COVID-19 around the world. Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine and the Korea Centers for Disease Prevention and Control propose guidelines for diagnosing COVID-19 in clinical laboratories in Korea. These guidelines are based on other related domestic and international guidelines, as well as expert opinions and include the selection of test subjects, selection of specimens, diagnostic methods, interpretation of test results, and biosafety."}, {"pmid": 32181680, "pmcid": "PMC7172571", "title": "The Role of the American Heart Association in the Global COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Elkind, Mitchell S V", "Harrington, Robert A", "Benjamin, Ivor J"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181680", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403024, "pmcid": "PMC7198430", "title": "'Age and ageism in COVID-19': Elderly mental health-care vulnerabilities and needs.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Banerjee, Debanjan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403024", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179126, "pmcid": "PMC7102524", "title": "Timely blood glucose management for the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is urgently needed.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Wang, Aihong", "Zhao, Weibo", "Xu, Zhangrong", "Gu, Jianwen"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325124, "pmcid": "PMC7169894", "title": "Vaporization, bioactive formulations and a marine natural product: different perspectives on antivirals.", "journal": "Drug Discov Today", "authors": ["Manning, Thomas J", "Thomas-Richardson, Jenu", "Cowan, Matthew", "Beard, Torien"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325124", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article examines three aspects of antivirals, such as hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and remdesvir, as they might relate to the treatment of a viral infection such as COVID-19: (i) the use of vaporization for the delivery of antivirals, with the bulk constituents having mild antiviral efficacy; (ii) the application of a marine natural product extract as opposed to a single molecule as an antiviral agent; and (iii) a counter intuitive approach to formulation that is, in part, based on delivering multiple species that fall into three categories: building blocks for the virus to accelerate replication; an energy source for the infected cell to boost its immune response; and the species that antagonize or provide toxicity to the virus."}, {"pmid": 32330302, "pmcid": "PMC7264732", "title": "Comment on \"Organ-protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its effect on the prognosis of COVID-19\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Hu, Shuaishuai"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330302", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32152595, "title": "The race to unravel the biggest coronavirus outbreak in the United States.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152595", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32061201, "title": "[Cluster Investigation Technical Guideline for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID- 19), China (1st Trial Version)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061201", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500860, "title": "Editorial: Aerosol reduction urgency in post-COVID-19 dental practice.", "journal": "Quintessence Int", "authors": ["Mupparapu, Mel"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500860", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474093, "pmcid": "PMC7255736", "title": "COVID-19 and SARS-Cov-2 Infection: Pathophysiology and Clinical Effects on the Nervous System.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Abboud, Hilal", "Abboud, Fatima Zahra", "Kharbouch, Hanane", "Arkha, Yasser", "Abbadi, Najia El", "Ouahabi, Abdessamad El"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474093", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-Cov-2, resulting in severe acute respiratory syndrome, with high potential of spreading and infecting humans worldwide. Since December 2019, when the virus was identified in humans, the literature on COVID-19 has grown exponentially and extrarespiratory symptoms including neurologic symptoms are increasingly highlighted. Given the high and increasing number of publications reporting neurologic involvements of SARS-Cov-2, we thought that providing an update for neurologic complications of COVID-19 would be useful for physicians and especially young trainees in neurology and neurosurgery. Indeed, in this review we discuss several neurologic aspects reported in the literature to date including the evidence and pathways of neuroinvasion in COVID-19 and the main neurologic disorders reported in the literature to date, as well as future perspectives and the potential long-term consequence of current neuroinfection in COVID-19 patients. Currently, there is convincing evidence that SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, can affect the nervous system, with damage and neurologic alterations. These neurologic disorders are grouped into several categories, ranging from nonspecific and moderate symptoms such as headache, myalgia, and hyposmia to severe symptoms including cerebrovascular disease and intracranial infections. Severe neurologic symptoms such as acute cerebrovascular disease occur only in a minority of patients with usual risk factors and are associated with poor outcome. However, most COVID-19 patients exhibit only minor or mild neurologic symptoms. Management of COVID-19 patients should include early clinical, radiologic, and laboratory neurologic assessment, with a close follow-up, especially in severe forms. Future studies should assess late and long-term consequences of current COVID-19 patients with neurologic involvement."}, {"pmid": 32332065, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors performing resuscitation need higher level of PPE, says royal college.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332065", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445955, "pmcid": "PMC7239007", "title": "Letter to the Editor in response to the article \"Could IL-17 represent a new therapeutic target for the treatment and/or management of COVID-19-related respiratory syndrome?\"", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Ceccarelli, Gabriele", "Nardi, Katiuscia", "Marchesani, Francesca"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445955", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415237, "title": "Coronavirus diaries: we'll meet again.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tregoning, John"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415237", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336586, "pmcid": "PMC7158837", "title": "Pharmacotherapy in COVID-19; A narrative review for emergency providers.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Mehta, Nikita", "Mazer-Amirshahi, Maryann", "Alkindi, Nour", "Pourmand, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336586", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly challenging due to a lack of established therapies and treatment guidelines. With the rapid transmission of disease, even the off-label use of available therapies has been impeded by limited availability. Several antivirals, antimalarials, and biologics are being considered for treatment at this time. The purpose of this literature review is to synthesize the available information regarding treatment options for COVID-19 and serve as a resource for health care professionals. This narrative review was conducted to summarize the effectiveness of current therapy options for COVID-19 and address the controversial use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). PubMed and SCOPUS were queried using a combination of the keywords \"COVID 19,\" \"SARS-CoV-2,\" and \"treatment.\" All types of studies were evaluated including systematic reviews, case-studies, and clinical guidelines. There are currently no therapeutic drugs available that are directly active against SARS-CoV-2; however, several antivirals (remdesivir, favipiravir) and antimalarials (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine) have emerged as potential therapies. Current guidelines recommend combination treatment with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin or chloroquine, if hydroxychloroquine is unavailable, in patients with moderate disease, although these recommendations are based on limited evidence. Remdesivir and convalescent plasma may be considered in critical patients with respiratory failure; however, access to these therapies may be limited. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) antagonists may be used in patients who develop evidence of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Corticosteroids should be avoided unless there is evidence of refractory septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or another compelling indication for their use. ACE inhibitors and ARBs should not be discontinued at this time and ibuprofen may be used for fever. There are several ongoing clinical trials that are testing the efficacy of single and combination treatments with the drugs mentioned in this review and new agents are under development. Until the results of these trials become available, we must use the best available evidence for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Additionally, we can learn from the experiences of healthcare providers around the world to combat this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32437972, "pmcid": "PMC7207135", "title": "COVID-19: Beyond the virus. The use of Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Infections in the Respiratory Tract.", "journal": "Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther", "authors": ["Dias, Lucas D", "Blanco, Kate C", "Bagnato, Vanderlei S"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437972", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413767, "pmcid": "PMC7200364", "title": "Myasthenic crisis in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Delly, Fadi", "Syed, Maryam J", "Lisak, Robert P", "Zutshi, Deepti"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413767", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360480, "pmcid": "PMC7189851", "title": "Candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["McKee, Dwight L", "Sternberg, Ariane", "Stange, Ulrike", "Laufer, Stefan", "Naujokat, Cord"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360480", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Outbreak and pandemic of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in 2019/2020 will challenge global health for the future. Because a vaccine against the virus will not be available in the near future, we herein try to offer a pharmacological strategy to combat the virus. There exists a number of candidate drugs that may inhibit infection with and replication of SARS-CoV-2. Such drugs comprise inhibitors of TMPRSS2 serine protease and inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Blockade of ACE2, the host cell receptor for the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibition of TMPRSS2, which is required for S protein priming may prevent cell entry of SARS-CoV-2. Further, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, and off-label antiviral drugs, such as the nucleotide analogue remdesivir, HIV protease inhibitors lopinavir and ritonavir, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs arbidol and favipiravir as well as antiviral phytochemicals available to date may limit spread of SARS-CoV-2 and morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32530929, "title": "Rapid detection of novel coronavirus/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Lamb, Laura E", "Bartolone, Sarah N", "Ward, Elijah", "Chancellor, Michael B"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530929", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel Corona virus/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV), and the subsequent disease caused by the virus (coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19), is an emerging global health concern that requires a rapid diagnostic test. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is currently the standard for SARS-CoV-2 detection; however, Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) may allow for faster and cheaper field based testing at point-of-risk. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid screening diagnostic test that could be completed in 30-45 minutes. Simulated patient samples were generated by spiking serum, urine, saliva, oropharyngeal swabs, and nasopharyngeal swabs with a portion of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic sequence. RNA isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs collected from actual COVID-19 patients was also tested. The samples were tested using RT-LAMP as well as by conventional qRT-PCR. Specificity of the RT-LAMP was evaluated by also testing against other related coronaviruses. RT-LAMP specifically detected SARS-CoV-2 in both simulated patient samples and clinical specimens. This test was performed in 30-45 minutes. This approach could be used for monitoring of exposed individuals or potentially aid with screening efforts in the field and potential ports of entry."}, {"pmid": 32496258, "title": "COVID-19 epidemiology: Through the eyes of vernacular newspapers.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Mahima, B N", "Tiwari, Hemant Kr", "Mahapatra, Payel", "Amudhan, Senthil", "Rao, Girish N"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496258", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Media plays an indispensable role in society to influence health literacy. To document COVID-19 coverage in Kannada daily newspapers, hardcopies of 455 editions were methodically reviewed. Content analysis and data coding of 11 of the possible 60 terms/concepts related to COVID-19 epidemiology, was undertaken. Across dailies, five different dimensions in reporting documented: reporting of statistics - both numbers and manner of reporting, reporting of epidemiological concepts/terms (frequency of use and frequency of reporting), focus of reporting, density of reporting and finally what is not reported which could have been reported (desirable reporting). Numbers were reported as headlines; >25% of listed items were covered; however, 20% of terms not covered would have helped. We looked at \"News\" as epidemiological information and identified the gaps in reporting. We conclude that vernacular print media in Karnataka has done a commendable job. A media communication plan is urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32446443, "pmcid": "PMC7239018", "title": "Editorial - Covid-19.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Hart, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446443", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492144, "title": "The case for why Africa should host COVID-19 candidate vaccine trials.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Singh, Jerome Amir"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492144", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to provocative comments by two European clinicians and scientists, the WHO Director General has declared that Africa will not host COVID-19 vaccine trials. Such a stance risks stigmatising COVID-19 vaccine trials in Africa and depriving Africa of critical research. To the contrary, there is a critical need for Africa to host COVID-19 vaccine trials on public health, scientific, and ethics grounds."}, {"pmid": 32348772, "pmcid": "PMC7194631", "title": "Lay-off of Endoscopy services for the COVID-19 pandemic: how can we resume the practice of routine cases?", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Amato, Arnaldo", "Rondonotti, Emanuele", "Radaelli, Franco"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348772", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352621, "pmcid": "PMC7267362", "title": "Covid-19 lockdown: a perfect storm for older people's mental health.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Webb, Lucy"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352621", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The management of lockdown presents a perfect storm for mental distress for older people by enforcing isolation and heightening perceptions of risk of death and illness. While gradual release from lockdown will maintain protection of those most at risk from covid-19, older people will experience social isolation for the longest period as the over 75s carry the highest mortality risk (WHO, 2020). Isolation is strongly linked to depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline, and reduces resilience factors such as self-worth, sense of purpose and feeling valued (Novotney, 2019). However, in addition to sustained isolation, governmental management of lockdown presents other challenges for older people."}, {"pmid": 32363717, "pmcid": "PMC7267147", "title": "Acute care surgery and post-operative COVID-19 care: a comment.", "journal": "ANZ J Surg", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363717", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243621, "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia as a cause of acute chest syndrome in an adult sickle cell patient.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Beerkens, Frans", "John, Mira", "Puliafito, Benjamin", "Corbett, Virginia", "Edwards, Colleen", "Tremblay, Douglas"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243621", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245844, "title": "On being a neurologist in Italy at the time of the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Bersano, Anna", "Pantoni, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245844", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404676, "pmcid": "PMC7268834", "title": "A Combined Approach to Priorities of Surgical Oncology During the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Mazzaferro, Vincenzo", "Danelli, Piergiorgio", "Torzilli, Guido", "Busset, Michele Droz Dit", "Virdis, Matteo", "Sposito, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404676", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518804, "pmcid": "PMC7239186", "title": "Correlation Between Chest CT Findings and Clinical Features of 211 COVID-19 Suspected Patients in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Song, Songlin", "Wu, Feihong", "Liu, Yiming", "Jiang, Hongwei", "Xiong, Fu", "Guo, Xiaopeng", "Zhang, Hongsen", "Zheng, Chuansheng", "Yang, Fan"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518804", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chest computed tomography (CT) has been widely used to assess pulmonary involvement in COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the correlation between chest CT and clinical features in COVID-19 suspected patients with or without fever. We retrospectively enrolled 211 COVID-19 suspected patients who underwent both chest CT and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in Wuhan, China. The performance of CT in patients with relevant onset of symptoms, with fever (n = 141) and without fever (n = 70), was assessed respectively. The sensitivity of CT for COVID-19 was 97.3%, with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.76). There were 141 suspected patients with fever and 70 without fever. In the fever group, 4 variables were screened to establish the basic model: age, monocyte, red blood cell, and hypertension. The AUC of the basic model was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.63-0.81), while the AUC of the CT-aided model was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68-0.85), a significant difference (P < .05). In the nonfever group, only dry cough was screened out to establish the basic model. The AUC was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.64-0.88), which was not significantly different than the CT-aided model (P = .08). Chest CT has a high sensitivity in patients with COVID-19, and it can improve diagnostic accuracy for COVID-19 suspected patients with fever during the initial screen, whereas its value for nonfever patients remains questionable."}, {"pmid": 32386838, "pmcid": "PMC7187857", "title": "Trauma service reorganization in Bologna (Italy) during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Injury", "authors": ["Di Martino, Alberto", "Faldini, Cesare"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386838", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490839, "title": "COVID-19-Related Information Sources and the Relationship With Confidence in People Coping with COVID-19: Facebook Survey Study in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Wang, Peng-Wei", "Lu, Wei-Hsin", "Ko, Nai-Ying", "Chen, Yi-Lung", "Li, Dian-Jeng", "Chang, Yu-Ping", "Yen, Cheng-Fang"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490839", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "People obtain information on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from the internet and other sources. Understanding the factors related to such information sources aids health professionals in educating individuals. This study used data collected from the online survey study on COVID-19 in Taiwan to examine what major COVID-19 information sources are available and which sources are significantly related to the self-confidence of people in coping with COVID-19 in Taiwan. A total of 1904 participants (1270 non-health-care workers and 634 health care workers) were recruited from the Facebook advertisement. Their major sources of information about COVID-19, the relationships between the sources and demographic factors, and the relationships between the sources and the self-confidence in coping with COVID-19 were surveyed. Most Taiwanese people relied on the internet for COVID-19 information. Many respondents also used a variety of sources of information on COVID-19; such variety was associated with sex, age, and the level of worry toward COVID-19, as well as if one was a health care worker. For health care workers, the use of formal lessons as an information source was significantly associated with better self-confidence in coping with COVID-19. The significant association between receiving information from more sources and greater self-confidence was found only in health care workers but not in non-health-care workers. Medical professionals should consider subgroups of the population when establishing various means to deliver information on COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32350908, "pmcid": "PMC7267360", "title": "Teaching anatomy at the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Anat", "authors": ["Saverino, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350908", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274354, "pmcid": "PMC7117882", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in Romania - situation update and containment strategies.", "journal": "Germs", "authors": ["Streinu-Cercel, Adrian"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274354", "countries": ["Romania"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388468, "pmcid": "PMC7177109", "title": "Multi-Stage Group Testing Improves Efficiency of Large-Scale COVID-19 Screening.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Eberhardt, J N", "Breuckmann, N P", "Eberhardt, C S"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388468", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 test kits are in critical shortage in many countries. This limits large-scale population testing and hinders the effort to identify and isolate infected individuals. Herein, we developed and evaluated multi-stage group testing schemes that test samples in groups of various pool sizes in multiple stages. Through this approach, groups of negative samples can be eliminated with a single test, avoiding the need for individual testing and achieving considerable savings of resources. We designed and parameterized various multi-stage testing schemes and compared their efficiency at different prevalence rates using computer simulations. We found that three-stage testing schemes with pool sizes of maximum 16 samples can test up to three and seven times as many individuals with the same number of test kits for prevalence rates of around 5% and 1%, respectively. We propose an adaptive approach, where the optimal testing scheme is selected based on the expected prevalence rate. These group testing schemes could lead to a major reduction in the number of testing kits required and help improve large-scale population testing in general and in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32413621, "pmcid": "PMC7211667", "title": "Air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the Yangtze River Delta Region: An insight into the impact of human activity pattern changes on air pollution variation.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Li, Li", "Li, Qing", "Huang, Ling", "Wang, Qian", "Zhu, Ansheng", "Xu, Jian", "Liu, Ziyi", "Li, Hongli", "Shi, Lishu", "Li, Rui", "Azari, Majid", "Wang, Yangjun", "Zhang, Xiaojuan", "Liu, Zhiqiang", "Zhu, Yonghui", "Zhang, Kun", "Xue, Shuhui", "Ooi, Maggie Chel Gee", "Zhang, Dongping", "Chan, Andy"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413621", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has spreaded rapidly across the world. To control the rapid dispersion of the virus, China has imposed national lockdown policies to practise social distancing. This has led to reduced human activities and hence primary air pollutant emissions, which caused improvement of air quality as a side-product. To investigate the air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the YRD Region, we apply the WRF-CAMx modelling system together with monitoring data to investigate the impact of human activity pattern changes on air quality. Results show that human activities were lowered significantly during the period: industrial operations, VKT, constructions in operation, etc. were significantly reduced, leading to lowered SO2, NOx, PM2.5 and VOCs emissions by approximately 16-26%, 29-47%, 27-46% and 37-57% during the Level I and Level II response periods respectively. These emission reduction has played a significant role in the improvement of air quality. Concentrations of PM2.5, NO2 and SO2 decreased by 31.8%, 45.1% and 20.4% during the Level I period; and 33.2%, 27.2% and 7.6% during the Level II period compared with 2019. However, ozone did not show any reduction and increased greatly. Our results also show that even during the lockdown, with primary emissions reduction of 15%-61%, the daily average PM2.5 concentrations range between 15 and 79\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0m-3, which shows that background and residual pollutions are still high. Source apportionment results indicate that the residual pollution of PM2.5 comes from industry (32.2-61.1%), mobile (3.9-8.1%), dust (2.6-7.7%), residential sources (2.1-28.5%) in YRD and 14.0-28.6% contribution from long-range transport coming from northern China. This indicates that in spite of the extreme reductions in primary emissions, it cannot fully tackle the current air pollution. Re-organisation of the energy and industrial strategy together with trans-regional joint-control for a full long-term air pollution plan need to be further taken into account."}, {"pmid": 32349982, "title": "Systemic sclerosis and the COVID-19 pandemic: World Scleroderma Foundation preliminary advice for patient management.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Matucci-Cerinic, Marco", "Bruni, Cosimo", "Allanore, Yannick", "Clementi, Massimo", "Dagna, Lorenzo", "Damjanov, Nemanja S", "de Paulis, Amato", "Denton, Christopher P", "Distler, Oliver", "Fox, David", "Furst, Daniel E", "Khanna, Dinesh", "Krieg, Thomas", "Kuwana, Masataka", "Lee, Eun Bong", "Li, Mengtao", "Pillai, Shiv", "Wang, Yukai", "Zeng, Xiaofeng", "Taliani, Gloria"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349982", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the frequent presence of interstitial lung disease and widespread use of immunosuppressive treatment, systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients may be considered at risk for a more severe disease course and higher mortality when they develop Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infection. Therefore, with World Scleroderma Foundation endorsement, experts from different specialties including rheumatology, virology and clinical immunology gathered virtually to answer to the main practical clinical questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection coming from both patients and physicians. This preliminary advice is aligned with other national and international recommendations, adapted for SSc patients."}, {"pmid": 32436320, "title": "The role of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19: Healing in most, harm at times.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["French, Martyn A", "Moodley, Yuben"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436320", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464642, "title": "Myocardial injury in severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Jaffe, Allan S", "Cleland, John G F", "Katus, Hugo A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464642", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332201, "pmcid": "PMC7202120", "title": "Infodemic and the spread of fake news in the COVID-19-era.", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Orso, Daniele", "Federici, Nicola", "Copetti, Roberto", "Vetrugno, Luigi", "Bove, Tiziana"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332201", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402707, "pmcid": "PMC7252001", "title": "Management of acute aortic dissection during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from an epicenter in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Yu, Xinyu", "Feng, Xin", "Wei, Xiang"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402707", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478562, "title": "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Value of Chest CT in the Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Sol Scientiae, Illustra Nos.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Adams, Hugo J A", "Kwee, Thomas C", "Yakar, Derya", "Hope, Michael D", "Kwee, Robert M"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478562", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to systematically review and meta-analyze the diagnostic accuracy of chest CT in detecting coronavirus disease (COVID-19). MATERIALS AND METHODS. MEDLINE was systematically searched for publications on the diagnostic performance of chest CT in detecting COVID-19. Methodologic quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Meta-analysis was performed using a bivariate random-effects model. RESULTS. Six studies were included, comprising 1431 patients. All six studies included patients at high risk of COVID-19, and five studies explicitly reported that they included only symptomatic patients. Mean prevalence of COVID-19 was 47.9% (range, 27.6-85.4%). High or potential risk of bias was present throughout all QUADAS-2 domains in all six studies. Sensitivity ranged from 92.9% to 97.0%, and specificity ranged from 25.0% to 71.9%, with pooled estimates of 94.6% (95% CI, 91.9-96.4%) and 46.0% (95% CI, 31.9-60.7%), respectively. The included studies were statistically homogeneous in their estimates of sensitivity (p = 0.578) and statistically heterogeneous in their estimates of specificity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION. Diagnostic accuracy studies on chest CT in COVID-19 suffer from methodologic quality issues. Chest CT appears to have a relatively high sensitivity in symptomatic patients at high risk of COVID-19, but it cannot exclude COVID-19. Specificity is poor. These data, along with other local factors such as COVID-19 prevalence, available real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction tests, staff, hospital, and CT scanning capacity, can be useful to healthcare professionals and policy makers to decide on the utility of chest CT for COVID-19 detection in the hospital setting."}, {"pmid": 32467290, "title": "Compensation and hazard pay for key workers during an epidemic: an argument from analogy.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["McConnell, Doug", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467290", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created unusually challenging and dangerous workplace conditions for key workers. This has prompted calls for key workers to receive a variety of special benefits over and above their normal pay. Here, we consider whether two such benefits are justified: a no-fault compensation scheme for harm caused by an epidemic and hazard pay for the risks and burdens of working during an epidemic. Both forms of benefit are often made available to members of the armed forces for the harms, risks and burdens that come with military service. We argue from analogy that these benefits also ought to be provided to key workers during an epidemic because, like the military, key workers face unavoidable harms, risks and burdens in providing essential public good. The amount of compensation should be proportional to the harm suffered and the amount of hazard pay should be proportional to the risk and burden endured. Therefore, key workers should receive the same amount of compensation and hazard pay as the military where the harms, risks and burdens are equivalent. In the UK, a form of no-fault compensation has recently been made available to the surviving families of key workers who suffer fatal COVID-19 infections. According to our argument, however, it is insufficient because it offers less to key workers than is made available to the families of armed services personnel killed on duty."}, {"pmid": 32511078, "title": "Ethical Challenges Arising in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overview from the Association of Bioethics Program Directors (ABPD) Task Force.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["McGuire, Amy L", "Aulisio, Mark P", "Davis, F Daniel", "Erwin, Cheryl", "Harter, Thomas D", "Jagsi, Reshma", "Klitzman, Robert", "Macauley, Robert", "Racine, Eric", "Wolf, Susan M", "Wynia, Matthew", "Wolpe, Paul Root"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511078", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has raised a host of ethical challenges, but key among these has been the possibility that health care systems might need to ration scarce critical care resources. Rationing policies for pandemics differ by institution, health system, and applicable law. Most seem to agree that a patient's ability to benefit from treatment and to survive are first-order considerations. However, there is debate about what clinical measures should be used to make that determination and about other factors that might be ethically appropriate to consider. In this paper, we discuss resource allocation and several related ethical challenges to the healthcare system and society, including how to define benefit, how to handle informed consent, the special needs of pediatric patients, how to engage communities in these difficult decisions, and how to mitigate concerns of discrimination and the effects of structural inequities."}, {"pmid": 32274842, "pmcid": "PMC7262271", "title": "Keeping a cut above the coronavirus disease: surgical perspectives from a public health institution in Singapore during Covid-19.", "journal": "ANZ J Surg", "authors": ["Ng, Aven Shan Hua", "Chew, Min Hoe", "Charn, Tze Choong", "Wong, Merng Koon", "Wong, Wai Keong", "Lee, Lui Shiong"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274842", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267110, "title": "[COVID-19 andcardiovascular diseases].", "journal": "Rev Med Liege", "authors": ["Haeck, G", "Ancion, A", "Marechal, P", "Oury, C", "Lancellotti, P"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267110", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-2019 disease mainly affects the respiratory tract and can progress in severe cases to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure. Patients with prior cardiovascular disease are at higher risk of developing an infection and progressing to a severe form of the disease. Also, due to the growing number of infected cases, it is clear that, in addition to the typical respiratory symptoms caused by the infection, some patients suffer from cardiovascular damage. This condition can, in fact, cause significant myocardial damage, which worsens the disease and affects the prognosis. Based on the results of currently published research, it seems important to discuss the manifestations and characteristics of myocardial damage induced by COVID-19 and its impact on patient prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32385989, "title": "[Glucocorticoid for coronavirus disease 2019: a dilemma].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Du, Xinxin", "Yu, Xiangyou"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385989", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198239, "title": "EMS to stop during coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198239", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449523, "title": "Digital technology can revolutionize mental health services delivery: The COVID-19 crisis as a catalyst for change.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Taylor, C Barr", "Fitzsimmons-Craft, Ellen E", "Graham, Andrea K"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449523", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The unprecedented COVID-19 crisis presents an imperative for mental health care systems to make digital mental health interventions a routine part of care. Already because of COVID-19, many therapists have rapidly moved to using telehealth in place of in-person contact. In response to this shift, Waller and colleagues compiled a series of expert recommendations to help clinicians pivot to delivering teletherapy to address eating disorders during COVID-19. However, numerous barriers still impede widespread adoption and implementation of digital interventions. In this commentary, we aim to extend the recommendations for clinicians offered by Waller and colleagues by presenting a roadmap of the systems- and policy-level requirements that are needed. We advocate for addressing barriers associated with training, licensing, safety, privacy, payment, and evaluation, as these factors have greatly limited use of these promising interventions. We also indicate that longer-term goals should include introducing truly innovative digital mental health practices, such as stepped-care models and simultaneously providing preventive and self-management services in addition to clinical services, into the health care system. Now is the time to catalyze change and comprehensively address the barriers that have prevented widespread delivery of these efficacious digital services to the millions of people who would benefit."}, {"pmid": 32378743, "pmcid": "PMC7267280", "title": "Acro-ischemia in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Suarez-Valle, A", "Fernandez-Nieto, D", "Diaz-Guimaraens, B", "Dominguez-Santas, M", "Carretero, I", "Perez-Garcia, B"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378743", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dermatological manifestations of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may include unspecific macular erythematous rash, urticarial lesions and chickenpox-like vesicles1,2 . Acroischemic lesions have been described in two different types of COVID-19 patients. Firstly, critically ill patients with severe limb ischemia and secondly, paucisymptomatic young patients with chilblain-like lesions3 . The etiopathogenesis and clinical implications of these lesions remains unclear."}, {"pmid": 32422144, "pmcid": "PMC7255292", "title": "Perforin and resistance to SARS coronavirus 2.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Cunningham, Louise", "Simmonds, Peter", "Kimber, Ian", "Basketter, David Arthur", "McFadden, John Paul"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422144", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526655, "title": "Systematic review of international guidelines for tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "Lechien, Jerome R", "Calvo-Henriquez, Christian", "Fakhry, Nicolas", "Karkos, Petros D", "Peer, Shazia", "Sistiaga-Suarez, Jon A", "Gonzalez-Garcia, Jose A", "Cammaroto, Giovanni", "Mayo-Yanez, Miguel", "Parente-Arias, Pablo", "Saussez, Sven", "Ayad, Tareck"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526655", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At this moment, the world lives under the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak pandemic. As Otolaryngologists - Head & Neck Surgeons, we need to perform and participate in examinations and procedures within the head and neck region and airway that carry a particularly high risk of exposure and infection because of aerosol and droplet contamination. One of those surgical procedures in demand at this moment is tracheostomy due the increasing ICU admissions. This review of international guidelines for tracheostomy in COVID-19 infected patients, aims to summarize in a systematic way the available recommendations: indications, timing, technique and safety measures for tracheostomy, from all over the world."}, {"pmid": 32459123, "pmcid": "PMC7265107", "title": "Mechanistic inferences from clinical reports of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Jenkins, Meagan M", "McCaw, Tyler R", "Goepfert, Paul A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459123", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the causative pathogen in an outbreak of viral pneumonia cases originating in Wuhan, China, with an ensuing rapid global spread that led it to be declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. Given the threat to public health posed by sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the literature surrounding patient presentation in severe and non-severe cases, transmission rates and routes, management strategies, and initial clinical trial results have become available at an unprecedented pace. In this review we collate current clinical and immunologic reports, comparing these to reports of previous coronaviruses to identify mechanisms driving progression to severe disease in some patients. In brief, we propose a model wherein dysregulated type I interferon signalling leads to aberrant recruitment and accumulation of innate immune lineages in the lung, impairing establishment of productive adaptive responses, and permitting a pathologic pro-inflammatory state. Finally, we extend these findings to suggest possible treatment options that may merit investigation in randomized clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32337148, "pmcid": "PMC7179991", "title": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Presenting as Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Siddamreddy, Suman", "Thotakura, Ramakrishna", "Dandu, Vasuki", "Kanuru, Sruthi", "Meegada, Sreenath"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337148", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with Covid-19 disease commonly present with symptoms related to respiratory illness, and less commonly they develop cardiovascular complications either on presentation or during the course of the disease. The mortality/morbidity is high in these patients with cardiovascular involvement.\u00a0Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a medical emergency which needs immediate coronary re-perfusion for better patient outcomes. Here we present a patient who presented to the emergency room with acute STEMI and later tested positive for COVID-19. She was successfully treated with coronary revascularization and stent placement, and remains on the ventilator to date as she quickly developed acute respiratory distress syndrome. We need more research in Covid-19 patients with cardiovascular involvement\u00a0for early diagnosis, prevention of exposure to health care workers and effective treatment."}, {"pmid": 32412715, "title": "[What is the origin of SARS-CoV-2?]", "journal": "Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc", "authors": ["Torres-Lopez, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412715", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Every time a pandemic occurs, dozens of theories emerge to attribute the origin of the event to different facts. The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit virtually all the globe has been no exception. What is known so far about the origin of the virus that causes COVID 19? The first investigations on the origin of this disease have determined that it is a new type of virus, the origin of which is most likely zoonotic."}, {"pmid": 32313516, "pmcid": "PMC7167551", "title": "The Moral Obligation of Nurse Leaders: COVID-19.", "journal": "Nurse Lead", "authors": ["Prestia, Angela S"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457006, "pmcid": "PMC7207137", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak in France: Setup and Activities of a Mobile Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Team During the First 3 Weeks.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Haye, Guillaume", "Fourdrain, Alex", "Abou-Arab, Osama", "Berna, Pascal", "Mahjoub, Yazine"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457006", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238094, "title": "Identification of chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 via integrated computational approach.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Khan, Salman Ali", "Zia, Komal", "Ashraf, Sajda", "Uddin, Reaz", "Ul-Haq, Zaheer"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238094", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the world has witnessed outbreak of a novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the virus which initially emerged in Wuhan, China has now made its way to a large part of the world, resulting in a public emergency of international concern. The functional importance of Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) in viral replication and maturation turns it into an attractive target for the development of effective antiviral drugs against SARS and other coronaviruses. At present, there is no standard drug regime nor any vaccine available against the infection. The rapid development and identification of efficient interventions against SARS-CoV-2 remains a major challenge. Based on the available knowledge of closely related coronavirus and their safety profiles, repurposing of existing antiviral drugs and screening of available databases is considered a near term strategic and economic way to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Herein, we applied computational drug design methods to identify Chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitors from FDA approved antiviral drugs and our in-house database of natural and drug-like compounds of synthetic origin. As a result three FDA approved drugs (Remdesivir, Saquinavir and Darunavir) and two natural compounds (. flavone and coumarine derivatives) were identified as promising hits. Further, MD simulation and binding free energy calculations were performed to evaluate the dynamic behavior, stability of protein-ligand contact, and binding affinity of the hit compounds. Our results indicate that the identified compounds can inhibit the function of Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) of Coronavirus. Considering the severity of the spread of coronavirus, the current study is in-line with the concept of finding the new inhibitors against the vital pathway of the corona virus to expedite the process of drug discovery.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32333293, "pmcid": "PMC7181102", "title": "Recommendations for prioritization, treatment, and triage of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. the COVID-19 pandemic breast cancer consortium.", "journal": "Breast Cancer Res Treat", "authors": ["Dietz, Jill R", "Moran, Meena S", "Isakoff, Steven J", "Kurtzman, Scott H", "Willey, Shawna C", "Burstein, Harold J", "Bleicher, Richard J", "Lyons, Janice A", "Sarantou, Terry", "Baron, Paul L", "Stevens, Randy E", "Boolbol, Susan K", "Anderson, Benjamin O", "Shulman, Lawrence N", "Gradishar, William J", "Monticciolo, Debra L", "Plecha, Donna M", "Nelson, Heidi", "Yao, Katharine A"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic presents clinicians a unique set of challenges in managing breast cancer (BC) patients. As hospital resources and staff become more limited during the COVID-19 pandemic, it becomes critically important to define which BC patients require more urgent care and which patients can wait for treatment until the pandemic is over. In this Special Communication, we use expert opinion of representatives from multiple cancer care organizations to categorize BC patients into priority levels (A, B, C) for urgency of care across all specialties. Additionally, we provide treatment recommendations for each of these patient scenarios. Priority A patients have conditions that are immediately life threatening or symptomatic requiring urgent treatment. Priority B patients have conditions that do not require immediate treatment but should start treatment before the pandemic is over. Priority C patients have conditions that can be safely deferred until the pandemic is over. The implementation of these recommendations for patient triage, which are based on the highest level available evidence, must be adapted to current availability of hospital resources and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic in each region of the country. Additionally, the risk of disease progression and worse outcomes for patients need to be weighed against the risk of patient and staff exposure to SARS CoV-2 (virus associated with the COVID-19 pandemic). Physicians should use these recommendations to prioritize care for their BC patients and adapt treatment recommendations to the local context at their hospital."}, {"pmid": 32519760, "title": "Diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia despite missing detection of viral nucleic acid and initially inconspicuous radiologic findings.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Schiller, Martin", "Wydra, Stephan", "Kerl, Hans Ulrich", "Kick, Wolfgang"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519760", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly based on a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result. PCR samples are obtained from upper or lower respiratory tract specimens. However, the sensitivity of PCR is known to have some limitations. We report on a patient who was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea, fever, cough and history of contact to a SARS-CoV-2 infected relative. The initial chest computed tomography (CT) showed only minimal changes and SARS-CoV-2 PCR from a nasopharyngeal swab sample was negative. PCR results obtained from further nasopharyngeal swabs, qualified sputum samples, and from a lower respiratory tract specimen also remained negative. At day 13 after admission, a second chest CT showed radiological findings suspicious for viral pneumonia. Finally, serologic results showed high levels of IgG and IgA antibodies against the S1 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32457525, "title": "Coronavirus modelling - boost developing world capacity.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Iychettira, Kaveri", "Siddiqi, Afreen"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457525", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473020, "title": "Rationale of a loading dose initiation for hydroxychloroquine treatment in COVID-19 infection in the DisCoVeRy trial.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Le, Minh Patrick", "Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan", "Guedj, Jeremie", "Neant, Nadege", "Mentre, France", "Ader, Florence", "Yazdanpanah, Yazdan", "Peytavin, Gilles"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473020", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Around the world, several dose regimens of hydroxychloroquine have been used for COVID-19 infection treatment, with the objective of identifying a short-term course. Hydroxychloroquine was found to decrease the viral replication in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro and to be more active when added prior to the viral challenge. A loading dose is used to rapidly attain a target drug concentration, which is usually considered as approximately the steady-state concentration. With a loading dose, the minimum effective concentration is reached much more rapidly than when using only the maintenance dose from the start. Thus, we propose a hydroxychloroquine sulphate dose regimen of 400\u2009mg twice daily at Day 1 then 400\u2009mg once daily from Day 2 to Day 10. We aim to evaluate this in the C-20-15 DisCoVeRy trial."}, {"pmid": 32467314, "title": "Cluster of chalazia in nurses using eye protection while caring for critically ill patients with COVID-19 in intensive care.", "journal": "Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Megarbane, Bruno", "Tadayoni, Ramin"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467314", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299204, "pmcid": "PMC7195986", "title": "Understanding dynamics of pandemics", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Akin, Levent", "Gozel, Mustafa Gokhan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299204", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Along the centuries, novel strain of virus such as influenza produces pandemics which increase illness, death and disruption in the countries. Spanish flu in 1918, Asian flu in 1957, Hong Kong flu in 1968 and swine flu in 2009 were known pandemic which had various characteristics in terms of morbidity and mortality. A current pandemic is caused by novel corona virus originated from China. COVID-19  pandemic  is  very  similar  to  Spanish,  Hong  Kong,  Asian  and  swine  influenza  pandemics  in  terms  of  spreading  to  world  by the mobilized people. Burden of pandemic is considered in terms of disease transmissibility and the growth rate of epidemic and duration of pandemic can be calculated by transmissibility characteristic. The case definition, finding out cases and first case cluster, proper treatment, sufficient stockpiles of medicine and population cooperation with the containment strategy should be considered for reduction of burden of pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32454497, "title": "COVID-19 and Nasal Cytobrush Cytology.", "journal": "Acta Cytol", "authors": ["Gelardi, Matteo", "Notargiacomo, Mario", "Trecca, Eleonora M C", "Cassano, Michele", "Ciprandi, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454497", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343497, "pmcid": "PMC7224608", "title": "Reduced Rate of Hospital Admissions for ACS during Covid-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["De Filippo, Ovidio", "D'Ascenzo, Fabrizio", "Angelini, Filippo", "Bocchino, Pier Paolo", "Conrotto, Federico", "Saglietto, Andrea", "Secco, Gioel Gabrio", "Campo, Gianluca", "Gallone, Guglielmo", "Verardi, Roberto", "Gaido, Luca", "Iannaccone, Mario", "Galvani, Marcello", "Ugo, Fabrizio", "Barbero, Umberto", "Infantino, Vincenzo", "Olivotti, Luca", "Mennuni, Marco", "Gili, Sebastiano", "Infusino, Fabio", "Vercellino, Matteo", "Zucchetti, Ottavio", "Casella, Gianni", "Giammaria, Massimo", "Boccuzzi, Giacomo", "Tolomeo, Paolo", "Doronzo, Baldassarre", "Senatore, Gaetano", "Grosso Marra, Walter", "Rognoni, Andrea", "Trabattoni, Daniela", "Franchin, Luca", "Borin, Andrea", "Bruno, Francesco", "Galluzzo, Alessandro", "Gambino, Alfonso", "Nicolino, Annamaria", "Truffa Giachet, Alessandra", "Sardella, Gennaro", "Fedele, Francesco", "Monticone, Silvia", "Montefusco, Antonio", "Omede, Pierluigi", "Pennone, Mauro", "Patti, Giuseppe", "Mancone, Massimo", "De Ferrari, Gaetano M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456606, "title": "Synergistic effect of vitamin D and remdesivir can fight COVID-19.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Arya, Aditya", "Dwivedi, Vivek Dhar"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456606", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269068, "pmcid": "PMC7164390", "title": "Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-coronavirus 2.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Shi, Jianzhong", "Wen, Zhiyuan", "Zhong, Gongxun", "Yang, Huanliang", "Wang, Chong", "Huang, Baoying", "Liu, Renqiang", "He, Xijun", "Shuai, Lei", "Sun, Ziruo", "Zhao, Yubo", "Liu, Peipei", "Liang, Libin", "Cui, Pengfei", "Wang, Jinliang", "Zhang, Xianfeng", "Guan, Yuntao", "Tan, Wenjie", "Wu, Guizhen", "Chen, Hualan", "Bu, Zhigao"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269068", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the infectious disease COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), which was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Despite extensive efforts to control the disease, COVID-19 has now spread to more than 100 countries and caused a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to have originated in bats; however, the intermediate animal sources of the virus are unknown. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of ferrets and animals in close contact with humans to SARS-CoV-2. We found that SARS-CoV-2 replicates poorly in dogs, pigs, chickens, and ducks, but ferrets and cats are permissive to infection. Additionally, cats are susceptible to airborne transmission. Our study provides insights into the animal models for SARS-CoV-2 and animal management for COVID-19 control."}, {"pmid": 32416366, "pmcid": "PMC7205661", "title": "Catheter-directed thrombolysis in COVID-19 pneumonia with acute PE: Thinking beyond the guidelines.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Qanadli, S D", "Gudmundsson, L", "Rotzinger, D C"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416366", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441223, "title": "COVID-19 and obesity: links and risks.", "journal": "Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Lavie, Carl J", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian", "Henry, Brandon Michael", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441223", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283153, "pmcid": "PMC7151466", "title": "Low-dose corticosteroid therapy does not delay viral clearance in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Fang, Xiaowei", "Mei, Qing", "Yang, Tianjun", "Li, Lei", "Wang, Yinzhong", "Tong, Fei", "Geng, Shike", "Pan, Aijun"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283153", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502659, "pmcid": "PMC7265877", "title": "Potential role of statins in COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lee, Ken C H", "Sewa, D W", "Phua, G C"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502659", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with COVID-19 infection have an increased risk of cardiovascular complications and thrombotic events. Statins are known for their pleiotropic anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and immunomodulatory effects. They may have a potential role as adjunctive therapy to mitigate the effects of endothelial dysfunction and dysregulated inflammation in patients with COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32407799, "pmcid": "PMC7214340", "title": "Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 1.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Al-Jabir, Ahmed", "Kerwan, Ahmed", "Nicola, Maria", "Alsafi, Zaid", "Khan, Mehdi", "Sohrabi, Catrin", "O'Neill, Niamh", "Iosifidis, Christos", "Griffin, Michelle", "Mathew, Ginimol", "Agha, Riaz"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407799", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in over 4.5 million confirmed cases and over 300,000 deaths. The impact of COVID-19 on surgical practice is widespread, ranging from workforce and staffing issues, procedural prioritisation, viral transmission risk intraoperatively, changes to perioperative practice and ways of working alongside the impact on surgical education and training. Whilst there has been a growing literature base describing the early clinical course of COVID-19 and on aspects of critical care related to treating these patients, there has been a dearth of evidence on how this pandemic will affect surgical practice. This paper seeks to review the current evidence and offers recommendations for changes to surgical practice to minimise the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32360940, "pmcid": "PMC7192091", "title": "Preliminary estimation of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Iran: A reply to Sharifi.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhuang, Zian", "Zhao, Shi", "Lin, Qianying", "Cao, Peihua", "Lou, Yijun", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360940", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442555, "pmcid": "PMC7237369", "title": "Type 1 diabetes triggered by covid-19 pandemic: A potential outbreak?", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Caruso, Paola", "Longo, Miriam", "Esposito, Katherine", "Maiorino, Maria Ida"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442555", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277774, "pmcid": "PMC7262053", "title": "Introducing the Percent, Number, Availability, and Capacity [PNAC] Spatial Approach to Identify Priority Rural Areas Requiring Targeted Health Support in Light of COVID-19: A Commentary and Application.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Lakhani, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277774", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425707, "pmcid": "PMC7230142", "title": "COVID-19 related liver injury: call for international consensus.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Ye, Zheng", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425707", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125432, "pmcid": "PMC7107503", "title": "Solidarity with China as it holds the global front line during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Lin, Leesa"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125432", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342881, "pmcid": "PMC7175025", "title": "COVID-19 and gynecological cancers: A Moroccan point-of-view.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Ismaili, Nabil"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342881", "countries": ["Morocco"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274794, "title": "Our thanks to ALL healthcare workers on the frontlines caring for our most vulnerable.", "journal": "Artif Organs", "authors": ["Malchesky, Paul S"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274794", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513858, "title": "Clinical Performance of SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Testing.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Green, Daniel A", "Zucker, Jason", "Westblade, Lars F", "Whittier, Susan", "Rennert, Hanna", "Velu, Priya", "Craney, Arryn", "Cushing, Melissa", "Liu, Dakai", "Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E", "Boehme, Amelia K", "Sepulveda, Jorge L"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513858", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Molecular testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the gold standard for diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the clinical performance of these tests is still poorly understood, particularly with regard to disease course, patient-specific factors, and viral shedding. From 3/10/2020-5/1/2020 NewYork-Presbyterian laboratories performed 27,377 SARS-CoV-2 molecular assays from 22,338 patients. Repeat testing was performed for 3,432 patients, of which 2,413 had initial negative and 802 had initial positive results. Repeat-tested patients were more likely to have severe disease and low viral loads. The negative predictive value of the first day result among repeat-tested patients was 81.3% The clinical sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 molecular assays was estimated between 58 % and 96%, depending on the unknown number of false negative results in single-tested patients. Conversion to negative was unlikely to occur before 15 to 20 days after initial testing or 20-30 days after the onset of symptoms, with 50% conversion occurring at 28 days after initial testing. Conversion from first day negative to positive results increased linearly with each day of testing, reaching 25% probability in 20 days. Sixty patients fluctuated between positive and negative results over several weeks suggesting caution when acting on single results. In summary, our study provides estimates of the clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 molecular assays and suggests time frames for appropriate repeat testing, namely 15 to 20 days after a positive test and the same or next 2 days after a negative test in patients with high suspicion for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32529774, "title": "High Frequency of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Critically-ill COVID-19 Patients: a Link with Hypercoagulability?", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Pineton de Chambrun, Marc", "Frere, Corinne", "Miyara, Makoto", "Amoura, Zahir", "Martin-Toutain, Isabelle", "Mathian, Alexis", "Hekimian, Guillaume", "Combes, Alain"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529774", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with both severe systemic inflammation and a prothrombotic state, as reflected by significant increases in fibrinogen and D-dimers levels that have been associated with poor prognosis and high rates of severe pulmonary embolism. A recent report suggested a role for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLA) in the thrombotic manifestations associated with severe COVID-19. As we also recently noticed unexplained lengthening of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in some critically ill COVID-19 patients, we explored our patients for aPLA positivity."}, {"pmid": 32315888, "pmcid": "PMC7160641", "title": "The psychological impact of COVID-19 on medical students [Letter].", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Ullah, Raena", "Amin, Syed"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315888", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428207, "title": "Longitudinal Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG Seropositivity to Detect COVID-19.", "journal": "J Appl Lab Med", "authors": ["Suhandynata, Raymond T", "Hoffman, Melissa A", "Kelner, Michael J", "McLawhon, Ronald W", "Reed, Sharon L", "Fitzgerald, Robert L"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428207", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a novel beta-coronavirus that has recently emerged as the cause of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based tests are optimal and recommended for the diagnosis of an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serology tests for viral antibodies provide an important tool to diagnose previous exposure to the virus. Here we evaluate the analytical performance parameters of the Diazyme SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG serology assays and describe the kinetics of IgM and IgG seroconversion observed in patients with PCR confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to our hospital. We validated the performance of the Diazyme assay in 235 subjects to determine specificity. Subsequently, we evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG seroconversion of 54 PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients and determined sensitivity of the assay at three different timeframes. Sensitivity and specificity for detecting seropositivity at\u2009\u2265\u200915 days following a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result, was 100.0% and 98.7% when assaying for the panel of IgM and IgG. The median time to seropositivity observed for a reactive IgM and IgG result from the date of a positive PCR was 5 days (IQR: 2.75-9 days) and 4 days (IQR: 2.75-6.75 days), respectively. Our data demonstrates that the Diazyme IgM/IgG assays are suited for the purpose of detecting SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM in patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infections. For the first time, we report longitudinal data showing the evolution of seroconversion for both IgG and IgM in a cohort of acutely ill patients in the United States. We also demonstrate a low false positive rate in patients who were presumed to be disease free."}, {"pmid": 32388458, "pmcid": "PMC7190496", "title": "Adamantanes might be protective from COVID-19 in patients with neurological diseases: multiple sclerosis, parkinsonism and cognitive impairment.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Rejdak, Konrad", "Grieb, Pawel"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388458", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Facing the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is an urgent need to find protective or curable drugs to prevent or to stop the course of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recent evidence accumulates that adamantanes, widely used in different neurological diseases, could be repurposed for COVID-19. We hereby report on a questionnaire-based study performed to assess severity of COVID-19 in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (n=10), Parkinson's disease (n=5) or cognitive impairment (n=7). In all patients infection with SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed by rtPCR of nasopharyngeal swabs. They were receiving treatment with either amantadine (n=15) or memantine (n=7) in stable registered doses. All of them had two-week quarantine since documented exposure and none of them developed clinical manifestations of infectious disease. They also did not report any significant changes in neurological status in the course of primary nervous system disease. Above results warrant further studies on protective effects of adamantanes against COVID-19 manifestation, especially in subjects suffering from neurological disease."}, {"pmid": 32501645, "title": "Why we should be avoiding periorificial mimetic muscles when injecting tissue fillers.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Goodman, Greg J", "Al-Niaimi, Firas", "McDonald, Cara", "Ciconte, Antoinette", "Porter, Catherine"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501645", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tissue fillers are generally safe and well tolerated by patients. However, complications do occur, and may be very severe, such as intravascular injection (with occasional residual tissue loss, visual and neurological sequelae) and late nodularity and swelling. Methods to lessen the likelihood of complications have been the subject of much recent literature. Depth of injection has been identified as a key safety consideration. The role of injection of facial filler into the muscular layer of the face is explored in this article. Literature was explored using available search facilities to study the role of injections in or around this layer in the production of significant adverse reactions. A body of literature seems to suggest that injection into mimetic musculature of the face especially the musculature in the periorbital and perioral regions is prone to adverse reactions. Injection of agents into the perioral and periorbital mimetic muscular layer may produce, product clumping, displacement, tendency to late nodularity and swelling. It also risks intravascular injection as compared to injection of other layers of the face. Injection into the mimetic muscles especially the sphincteric muscles should be avoided to minimize the risk of complications."}, {"pmid": 32515388, "title": "COVID-19: Management.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Mahmud, Talha", "Ansarie, Mosavir"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515388", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has grasped the world including Pakistan. Clinical features of this disease are variable, ranging from asymptomatic to critical disease. In this unprecedented global war, the Pakistan Chest Society has written a guideline for quick review for the specialists providing care to suspected or confirmed patients. This review highlights the approach to a patient with COVID-19, including definition of the various syndromes of the disease, the abnormal laboratory parameters and outlines the therapeutic measures which are currently under investigation."}, {"pmid": 32496242, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Laboratory Testing in India's Pandemic Response: A Public Health Perspective.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Moorthy, Mahesh", "Fletcher, John"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496242", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted (at the time of writing) in over 3.3 million cases and 233,000 deaths globally and ~33,000 cases and ~1,100 deaths in India. The mainstay of the diagnosis is a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The accurate diagnosis is contingent on appropriate specimen choice, time of collection, and assay employed. In this commentary, we highlight the role of laboratory diagnostic tests used in the different stages of India's COVID-19 pandemic response."}, {"pmid": 32293023, "pmcid": "PMC7262293", "title": "ResearchCOVID-19 Preparedness in Michigan Nursing Homes.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Jones, Karen M", "Mantey, Julia", "Mills, John P", "Montoya, Ana", "Min, Lillian", "Gibson, Kristen", "Mody, Lona"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293023", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386687, "pmcid": "PMC7194605", "title": "[Spinal anesthesia in COVID-19 patients, more research is needed].", "journal": "Rev Bras Anestesiol", "authors": ["Hashemi, Masoud", "Taheri, Mehrdad", "Aminnejad, Reza"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386687", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298385, "pmcid": "PMC7162477", "title": "Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Gao, Junling", "Zheng, Pinpin", "Jia, Yingnan", "Chen, Hao", "Mao, Yimeng", "Chen, Suhong", "Wang, Yi", "Fu, Hua", "Dai, Junming"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298385", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Huge citizens expose to social media during a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbroke in Wuhan, China. We assess the prevalence of mental health problems and examine their association with social media exposure. A cross-sectional study among Chinese citizens aged\u226518 years old was conducted during Jan 31 to Feb 2, 2020. Online survey was used to do rapid assessment. Total of 4872 participants from 31 provinces and autonomous regions were involved in the current study. Besides demographics and social media exposure (SME), depression was assessed by The Chinese version of WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and anxiety was assessed by Chinese version of generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7). multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify associations between social media exposure with mental health problems after controlling for covariates. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and combination of depression and anxiety (CDA) was 48.3% (95%CI: 46.9%-49.7%), 22.6% (95%CI: 21.4%-23.8%) and 19.4% (95%CI: 18.3%-20.6%) during COVID-19 outbroke in Wuhan, China. More than 80% (95%CI:80.9%-83.1%) of participants reported frequently exposed to social media. After controlling for covariates, frequently SME was positively associated with high odds of anxiety (OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.31-2.26) and CDA (OR = 1.91, 95%CI: 1.52-2.41) compared with less SME. Our findings show there are high prevalence of mental health problems, which positively associated with frequently SME during the COVID-19 outbreak. These findings implicated the government need pay more attention to mental health problems, especially depression and anxiety among general population and combating with \"infodemic\" while combating during public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32327003, "pmcid": "PMC7218184", "title": "Just the Facts: Protected code blue - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["McIsaac, Sarah", "Wax, Randy S", "Long, Brit", "Hicks, Christopher", "Vaillancourt, Christian", "Ohle, Robert", "Atkinson, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327003", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergency medical services (EMS) is called for a 65-year-old man with a 1-week history of cough, fever, and mild shortness of breath now reporting chest pain. Vitals on scene were HR 110, BP 135/90, SpO2 88% on room air. EMS arrives at the emergency department (ED). As the patient is moved to a negative pressure room, he becomes unresponsive with no palpable pulse. What next steps should be discussed in order to protect the team and achieve the best possible patient outcome?"}, {"pmid": 32472588, "title": "Increased sFLT1/PlGF ratio in COVID-19: a novel link to Angiotensin II-mediated endothelial dysfunction.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Giardini, Valentina", "Carrer, Andrea", "Casati, Marco", "Contro, Ernesto", "Vergani, Patrizia", "Gambacorti-Passerini, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472588", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342019, "pmcid": "PMC7184978", "title": "Exercise against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): Does workout intensity matter? (A mini review of some indirect evidence related to obesity).", "journal": "Obes Med", "authors": ["Rahmati-Ahmadabad, Saleh", "Hosseini, Fahimeh"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342019", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a new virus causing respiratory illness outbreak. Nowadays, COVID-19 has spread to several countries around the world and is presently a major global concern. It appears that no certain effective pharmaceutical agent is currently available for it. It seems that obesity is one of the biggest risk factors related to COVID-19 hospitalization and critical illness. The strengthening of the body systems by non-drug ways is very important especially in obese people. On the basis of some indirect evidence, it seems that moderate physical activity can be recommended as a non-pharmacological, inexpensive, and viable way to cope with corona. On the other hand, recommending higher intensity exercise needs further consideration to make final decision in this regard."}, {"pmid": 32345728, "title": "Scoping review of prevalence of neurologic comorbidities in patients hospitalized for COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Herman, Collin", "Mayer, Kirby", "Sarwal, Aarti"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345728", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents a challenge for neurologists caring for patients with preexisting neurologic conditions hospitalized for COVID-19 or for evaluation of patients who have neurologic complications during COVID-19 infection. We conducted a scoping review of the available literature on COVID-19 to assess the potential effect on neurologists in terms of prevalent comorbidities and incidence of new neurologic events in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), and Scopus databases for adult patients with preexisting neurologic disease who were diagnosed and hospitalized for COVID-19 or reported incidence of secondary neurologic events following diagnosis of COVID-19. Pooled descriptive statistics of clinical data and comorbidities were examined. Among screened articles, 322 of 4,014 (8.0%) of hospitalized patients diagnosed and treated for COVID-19 had a preexisting neurologic illness. Four retrospective studies demonstrated an increased risk of secondary neurologic complications in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (incidence of 6%, 20%, and 36.4%, respectively). Inconsistent reporting and limited statistical analysis among these studies did not allow for assessment of comparative outcomes. Emerging literature suggests a daunting clinical relationship between COVID-19 and neurologic illness. Neurologists need to be prepared to reorganize their consultative practices to serve the neurologic needs of patients during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32516772, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection and High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Are There Any Common Features?", "journal": "Urol Int", "authors": ["Busetto, Gian Maria", "Porreca, Angelo", "Del Giudice, Francesco", "Maggi, Martina", "D'Agostino, Daniele", "Romagnoli, Daniele", "Musi, Gennaro", "Lucarelli, Giuseppe", "Palmer, Katie", "Colonna di Paliano, Ascanio", "Muto, Matteo", "Hurle, Rodolfo", "Terracciano, Daniela", "de Cobelli, Ottavio", "Sciarra, Alessandro", "De Berardinis, Ettore", "Ferro, Matteo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516772", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak is a huge health, social and economic issue and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Bladder cancer, on the contrary, is a well-known disease burdened by a high rate of affected patients and risk of recurrence, progression and death. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV) often involves mild clinical symptoms but in some cases, it can lead to pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction. Factors associated with developing a more severe disease are increased age, obesity, smoking and chronic underlying comorbidities (including diabetes mellitus). High-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) progression and worse prognosis are also characterized by a higher incidence in patients with risk factors similar to COVID-19. Immune system response and inflammation have been found as a common hallmark of both diseases. Most severe cases of COVID-19 and high-risk NMIBC patients at higher recurrence and progression risk are characterized by innate and adaptive immune activation followed by inflammation and cytokine/chemokine storm (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-6, IL-8). Alterations in neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets accompany the systemic inflammatory response to cancer and infections. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio for example have been recognized as factors related to poor prognosis for many solid tumors, including bladder cancer, and their role has been found important even for the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Key Messages: All these mechanisms should be further analyzed in order to find new therapeutic agents and new strategies to block infection and cancer progression. Further than commonly used therapies, controlling cytokine production and inflammatory response is a promising field."}, {"pmid": 32458356, "pmcid": "PMC7248450", "title": "The potential long-term impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on patients with non-communicable diseases in Europe: consequences for healthy ageing.", "journal": "Aging Clin Exp Res", "authors": ["Palmer, Katie", "Monaco, Alessandro", "Kivipelto, Miia", "Onder, Graziano", "Maggi, Stefania", "Michel, Jean-Pierre", "Prieto, Rita", "Sykara, Georgia", "Donde, Shaantanu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458356", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic have focused on containing SARS-CoV-2 infection and identifying treatment strategies. While controlling this communicable disease is of utmost importance, the long-term effect on individuals with non-communicable diseases (NCD) is significant. Although certain NCDs appear to increase the severity of COVID-19 and mortality risk, SARS-CoV-2 infection in survivors with NCDs may also affect the progression of their pre-existing clinical conditions. Infection containment measures will have substantial short- and long-term consequences; social distancing and quarantine restrictions will reduce physical activity and increase other unhealthy lifestyles, thus increasing NCD risk factors and worsening clinical symptoms. Vitamin D levels might decrease\u00a0and there might be a rise in mental health disorders. Many countries have made changes to routine management of NCD patients, e.g., cancelling non-urgent outpatient visits, which will have important implications for NCD management, diagnosis of new-onset NCDs, medication adherence, and NCD progression. We may have opportunities to learn from this unprecedented crisis on how to leverage healthcare technologies and improve procedures to optimize healthcare service provision. This article discusses how the COVID-19 outbreak and related infection control measures could hit the most frail individuals, worsening the condition of NCD patients, while further jeopardizing the sustainability of the healthcare systems. We suggest ways to define an integrated strategy that could involve both public institutional entities and the\u00a0private sector to safeguard frail individuals and mitigate the impact of the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32358675, "pmcid": "PMC7195297", "title": "Pediatric radiology and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Radiol", "authors": ["Strouse, Peter J"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358675", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480204, "pmcid": "PMC7253997", "title": "Practical workflow recommendations for emergency endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients with COVID-19 based on the experience of Wuhan Union Hospital.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Xia, Haifa", "Huang, Shiqian", "Xiao, Weimin", "Lin, Yun", "Hu, Xiaomin", "Nie, Bingqing", "Lin, Ken", "Lu, Dongshi", "Chen, Xueyin", "Song, Limin", "Wang, Li", "Zhang, Yuhong", "Yao, Shanglong", "Chen, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486055, "title": "Statistical Explorations and Univariate Timeseries Analysis on COVID-19 Datasets to Understand the Trend of Disease Spreading and Death.", "journal": "Sensors (Basel)", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Ayan", "Gerdes, Martin W", "Martinez, Santiago G"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486055", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)\", the novel coronavirus, is responsible for the ongoing worldwide pandemic. \"World Health Organization (WHO)\" assigned an \"International Classification of Diseases (ICD)\" code-\"COVID-19\"-as the name of the new disease. Coronaviruses are generally transferred by people and many diverse species of animals, including birds and mammals such as cattle, camels, cats, and bats. Infrequently, the coronavirus can be transferred from animals to humans, and then propagate among people, such as with \"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV)\", \"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV)\", and now with this new virus, namely \"SARS-CoV-2\", or human coronavirus. Its rapid spreading has sent billions of people into lockdown as health services struggle to cope up. The COVID-19 outbreak comes along with an exponential growth of new infections, as well as a growing death count. A major goal to limit the further exponential spreading is to slow down the transmission rate, which is denoted by a \"spread factor (f)\", and we proposed an algorithm in this study for analyzing the same. This paper addresses the potential of data science to assess the risk factors correlated with COVID-19, after analyzing existing datasets available in \"ourworldindata.org (Oxford University database)\", and newly simulated datasets, following the analysis of different univariate \"Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)\" models for forecasting new cases and resulting deaths. The result shows that vanilla, stacked, and bidirectional LSTM models outperformed multilayer LSTM models. Besides, we discuss the findings related to the statistical analysis on simulated datasets. For correlation analysis, we included features, such as external temperature, rainfall, sunshine, population, infected cases, death, country, population, area, and population density of the past three months - January, February, and March in 2020. For univariate timeseries forecasting using LSTM, we used datasets from 1 January 2020, to 22 April 2020."}, {"pmid": 32390198, "pmcid": "PMC7272994", "title": "COVID-19 in rural non-resort town: Observation from Thailand.", "journal": "Aust J Rural Health", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390198", "countries": ["Thailand"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32134909, "title": "Active Monitoring of Persons Exposed to Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 - United States, January-February 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Burke, Rachel M", "Midgley, Claire M", "Dratch, Alissa", "Fenstersheib, Marty", "Haupt, Thomas", "Holshue, Michelle", "Ghinai, Isaac", "Jarashow, M Claire", "Lo, Jennifer", "McPherson, Tristan D", "Rudman, Sara", "Scott, Sarah", "Hall, Aron J", "Fry, Alicia M", "Rolfes, Melissa A"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32134909", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, began in Wuhan, China (1). The disease spread widely in China, and, as of February 26, 2020, COVID-19 cases had been identified in 36 other countries and territories, including the United States. Person-to-person transmission has been widely documented, and a limited number of countries have reported sustained person-to-person spread.* On January 20, state and local health departments in the United States, in collaboration with teams deployed from CDC, began identifying and monitoring all persons considered to have had close contact\u2020 with patients with confirmed COVID-19 (2). The aims of these efforts were to ensure rapid evaluation and care of patients, limit further transmission, and better understand risk factors for transmission."}, {"pmid": 32518071, "title": "Evaluation of COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test from Orient Gene Biotech.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Delliere, Sarah", "Salmona, Maud", "Minier, Marine", "Gabassi, Audrey", "Alanio, Alexandre", "Le Goff, Jerome", "Delaugerre, Constance", "Chaix, Marie-Laure"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518071", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the COVID-19 pandemic has peaked in many countries already, the current challenge is to assess population immunity on large scale. Many serological tests are available and require urgent independent validation. Here we report performance characteristics of Orient Gene (OG) COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette compare it Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG immunoassay (ASIA). Patients (n=102) with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR were tested. They were asymptomatic (n=2), had mild (n=37) or severe symptoms requiring hospitalization in medical (n=35) or intensive care unit (n=28). Specificity was evaluated on 42 patients with previous viral and parasitic diseases as well as high level of rheumatic factor. Sensitivity of OG was 95.8% (CI95% 89.6-98.8) for samples collected \u226510 days after onset of symptoms which was equivalent to sensitivity of ASIA of 90.5% (IC95% 82.8-95.6). OG uncovered 6 false negative of ASIA, of which two had only IgM with OG. Specificity was 100% (CI95% 93.4-100) with both tests on samples including patients infected with endemic coronavirus. Overall, OG performance characteristics indicate that the test is suitable for routine use in clinical laboratories and performance is equivalent to immunoassay. Testing OG on a larger asymptomatic population may be needed to confirm these results."}, {"pmid": 32501209, "title": "Home sleep testing in the era of COVID-19: a community perspective.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Kole, Alison S"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501209", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527655, "pmcid": "PMC7256501", "title": "Will the COVID-19 pandemic affect HCV disease burden?", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Kondili, Loreta A", "Marcellusi, Andrea", "Ryder, Stephen", "Craxi, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527655", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282440, "pmcid": "PMC7172976", "title": "COVID-19 in Children in the United States: Intensive Care Admissions, Estimated Total Infected, and Projected Numbers of Severe Pediatric Cases in 2020.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Pathak, Elizabeth Barnett", "Salemi, Jason L", "Sobers, Natasha", "Menard, Janelle", "Hambleton, Ian R"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282440", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A surge in severe cases of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) in children would present unique challenges for hospitals and public health preparedness efforts in the United States. To provide evidence-based estimates of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and projected cumulative numbers of severely ill pediatric COVID-19 cases requiring hospitalization during the US 2020 pandemic. Empirical case projection study. Adjusted pediatric severity proportions and adjusted pediatric criticality proportions were derived from clinical and spatiotemporal modeling studies of the COVID-19 epidemic in China for the period January-February 2020. Estimates of total children infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the United States through April 6, 2020, were calculated using US pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) cases and the adjusted pediatric criticality proportion. Projected numbers of severely and critically ill children with COVID-19 were derived by applying the adjusted severity and criticality proportions to US population data, under several scenarios of cumulative pediatric infection proportion (CPIP). By April 6, 2020, there were 74 children who had been reported admitted to PICUs in 19 states, reflecting an estimated 176 190 children nationwide infected with SARS-CoV-2 (52 381 infants and toddlers younger than 2 years, 42 857 children aged 2-11 years, and 80 952 children aged 12-17 years). Under a CPIP scenario of 5%, there would be 3.7 million children infected with SARS-CoV-2, 9907 severely ill children requiring hospitalization, and 1086 critically ill children requiring PICU admission. Under a CPIP scenario of 50%, 10 865 children would require PICU admission, 99 073 would require hospitalization for severe pneumonia, and 37.0 million would be infected with SARS-CoV-2. Because there are 74.0 million children 0 to 17 years old in the United States, the projected numbers of severe cases could overextend available pediatric hospital care resources under several moderate CPIP scenarios for 2020 despite lower severity of COVID-19 in children than in adults."}, {"pmid": 32409114, "pmcid": "PMC7200360", "title": "Clinical Course, Imaging Features, and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Abrishami, Alireza", "Samavat, Shiva", "Behnam, Behdad", "Arab-Ahmadi, Mehran", "Nafar, Mohsen", "Sanei Taheri, Morteza"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409114", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel and highly contagious disease caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Older adults and patients with comorbidities and immunosuppressive conditions may experience severe signs and symptoms that can lead to death. This case series assesses the clinical course, imaging features, and outcomes for 12 patients with COVID-19 and a history of kidney transplantation. Patients were evaluated for symptoms, laboratory data, imaging findings, and outcomes from February 2020 to April 2020. Fever, cough, and dyspnea were the most common clinical symptoms, noted in 75% (nine/12), 75% (nine/12), and 41.7% (five/12) of the patients, respectively. Most of the patients had a normal white blood cell count, while 33.3% (four/12) had leukopenia and 8.3% (one/12) had leukocytosis. A combination of consolidation and ground glass opacity was the most predominant (75%) pattern of lung involvement on computed tomography (CT). Eight patients died of severe COVID-19 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome and four were discharged. All recovered cases had a unilateral peripheral pattern of involvement limited to only one zone on initial chest CT. It seems that CT imaging has an important role in predicting COVID-19 outcomes for solid organ transplant recipients. Future studies with long-term follow up and more cases are needed to elucidate COVID-19 diagnosis, outcome, and management strategies for these patients."}, {"pmid": 32488428, "pmcid": "PMC7266385", "title": "Self-care recommendations for patients with rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rheumatol Int", "authors": ["Kim, Hyun-Sook", "Lee, Myeung-Su", "Kim, HyungJin", "Sung, Yoon-Kyoung", "Lee, Jisoo", "Shim, Seung-Cheol", "Park, Sung-Hwan", "Baek, Han Joo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488428", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352884, "title": "Modifying Practices in GI Oncology in the Face of COVID-19: Recommendations From Expert Oncologists on Minimizing Patient Risk.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Lou, Emil", "Beg, Shaalan", "Bergsland, Emily", "Eng, Cathy", "Khorana, Alok", "Kopetz, Scott", "Lubner, Sam", "Saltz, Leonard", "Shankaran, Veena", "Zafar, S Yousuf"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352884", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278470, "pmcid": "PMC7128936", "title": "Upper airway symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Lovato, Andrea", "de Filippis, Cosimo", "Marioni, Gino"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278470", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430225, "pmcid": "PMC7183932", "title": "Disparities in the Population at Risk of Severe Illness From COVID-19 by Race/Ethnicity and Income.", "journal": "Am J Prev Med", "authors": ["Raifman, Matthew A", "Raifman, Julia R"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430225", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483486, "pmcid": "PMC7237893", "title": "COVID-19 and surgery: Running on good will or guilt?", "journal": "Ann Med Surg (Lond)", "authors": ["Rait, Jaideep Singh", "Balakumar, Charannya", "Montauban, Pierre", "Zarsadias, Prizzi", "Iqbal, Sara", "Shah, Ankur"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483486", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439312, "pmcid": "PMC7234941", "title": "Effects of the Global COVID-19 Pandemic on Early Childhood Development: Short- and Long-Term Risks and Mitigating Program and Policy Actions.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Yoshikawa, Hirokazu", "Wuermli, Alice J", "Britto, Pia Rebello", "Dreyer, Benard", "Leckman, James F", "Lye, Stephen J", "Ponguta, Liliana Angelica", "Richter, Linda M", "Stein, Alan"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439312", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349886, "pmcid": "PMC7185008", "title": "Long-acting injectable antipsychotics treatment during COVID-19 pandemic - A new challenge.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Ifteni, Petru", "Dima, Lorena", "Teodorescu, Andreea"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349886", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395913, "pmcid": "PMC7272966", "title": "Reply to: Self-reported olfactory loss in COVID-19: is it really a favorable prognostic factor?", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Yan, Carol H", "Faraji, Farhoud", "DeConde, Adam S"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395913", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32074516, "title": "Development of Genetic Diagnostic Methods for Novel Coronavirus 2019 (nCoV-2019) in Japan.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Shirato, Kazuya", "Nao, Naganori", "Katano, Harutaka", "Takayama, Ikuyo", "Saito, Shinji", "Kato, Fumihiro", "Katoh, Hiroshi", "Sakata, Masafumi", "Nakatsu, Yuichiro", "Mori, Yoshio", "Kageyama, Tsutomu", "Matsuyama, Shutoku", "Takeda, Makoto"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32074516", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of 2019, pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus 2019 (nCoV) emerged in Wuhan city, China. Many airline travelers moved between Wuhan and Japan at that time, suggesting that Japan is at high risk of invasion by the virus. Diagnostic systems for 2019-nCoV were developed with urgency. Two nested RT-PCR assays and two real-time RT-PCR assays were adapted to local Japanese conditions. As of 8 February 2020, the assays developed have successfully detected 25 positive cases of infection in Japan."}, {"pmid": 32429123, "title": "The Need for the Right Socio-Economic and Cultural Fit in the COVID-19 Response in Sub-Saharan Africa: Examining Demographic, Economic Political, Health, and Socio-Cultural Differentials in COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Renzaho, Andre M N"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429123", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread quickly across the globe with devastating effects on the global economy as well as the regional and societies' socio-economic fabrics and the way of life for vast populations. The nonhomogeneous continent faces local contextual complexities that require locally relevant and culturally appropriate COVID-19 interventions. This paper examines demographic, economic, political, health, and socio-cultural differentials in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The health systems need to be strengthened through extending the health workforce by mobilizing and engaging the diaspora, and implementing the International Health Regulations (2005) core capacities. In the absence of adequate social protection and welfare programs targeting the poor during the pandemic, sub-Saharan African countries need to put in place flexible but effective policies and legislation approaches that harness and formalise the informal trade and remove supply chain barriers. This could include strengthening cross-border trade facilities such as adequate pro-poor, gender-sensitive, and streamlined cross-border customs, tax regimes, and information flow. The emphasis should be on cross-border infrastructure that not only facilitates trade through efficient border administration but can also effectively manage cross-border health threats. There is an urgent need to strengthen social protection systems to make them responsive to crises, and embed them within human rights-based approaches to better support vulnerable populations and enact health and social security benefits. The COVI-19 response needs to adhere to the well-established 'do no harm' principle to prevent further damage or suffering as a result of the pandemic and examined through local lenses to inform peace-building initiatives that may yield long-term gains in the post-COVID-19 recovery efforts."}, {"pmid": 32167445, "title": "COVID-19: Not a Simple Public Health Emergency.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Stratton, Samuel J"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167445", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363905, "title": "Temporary Emergency Guidance to STEMI Systems of Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: AHA's Mission: Lifeline.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["The American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines-Coronary Artery Disease Advisory Work Group And Mission Lifeline Program", "The American Heart Association's Council On Clinical Cardiology", "The American Heart Association's Council On Clinical Cardiology's Committee On Acute Cardiac Care And General Cardiology Committee", "The American Heart Association's Council On Clinical Cardiology's Committee Interventional Cardiovascular Care Committee"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363905", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461212, "title": "Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Prather, Kimberly A", "Wang, Chia C", "Schooley, Robert T"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461212", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Masks and testing are necessary to combat asymptomatic spread in aerosols and droplets."}, {"pmid": 32345854, "pmcid": "PMC7202114", "title": "Determination of Length of Time for \"Post-Aerosol Pause\" for Patients Under Investigation or Positive for COVID-19.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Wald, Samuel H", "Arthofer, Rudolph", "Semple, Amy K", "Bhorik, Avi", "Lu, Amy C"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345854", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476204, "title": "Clinical and surgical management of patients with head and neck cancer in a COVID-19 dedicated center in Italy.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Galli, Jacopo", "Settimi, Stefano", "Tricarico, Laura", "Almadori, Giovanni", "Paludetti, Gaetano"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476204", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For the EARs NOSE AND THROAT (ENT) surgeon, there are many challenges that show-up in the clinical management of a patient affected by a head and neck cancer during COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the postoperative period. During the acute COVID-19 emergency phase in Italy, we analyzed the management of a patient affected by a head and neck cancer. We reported several clinical data about the hospitalization period, pointing out the difficulties encountered both from clinical and management point of view. During pandemic, we admitted 27 oncological patients at our ENT Department. Delays in surgical procedures, complications of hospitalizations, need for radiological studies, and possible transfer to other hospital ward, due to suspect SARS-CoV-2 infection, were registered. The changes in the whole health care system during the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted the management of patients with head and neck cancer, generating several clinical challenges for the ENT surgeon."}, {"pmid": 32501410, "pmcid": "PMC7251049", "title": "Pharmacist intervention amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: from direct patient care to telemedicine.", "journal": "J Pharm Policy Pract", "authors": ["Elbeddini, Ali", "Yeats, Aniko"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501410", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has placed enormous pressures on the Canadian healthcare system. Patients are expected to stay home in order to contain the spread of the virus, but understandably have numerous questions and concerns about their health. With physical distancing being of utmost importance during the pandemic, much of healthcare has been forced to move online or over the telephone. Virtual healthcare, in the form of video calls, email, or telephone calls with patients, can significantly enhance access to healthcare. Many clinics have moved their appointments online, and physicians are seeing their patients by means of online video calls. Similarly, patients are refilling their prescriptions online and calling pharmacists whenever they have questions about their medications or medical conditions. Pharmacists are considered the most accessible primary care providers, so it is crucial for patients to know that pharmacists are there to support them throughout the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32342636, "pmcid": "PMC7267531", "title": "Potential pathogenesis of ageusia and anosmia in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Vaira, Luigi Angelo", "Salzano, Giovanni", "Fois, Alessandro Giuseppe", "Piombino, Pasquale", "De Riu, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342636", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From the first reports, ageusia and anosmia appear to be frequent clinical features in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients. We have performed a survey of the literature, analyzing the possible causes of these chemosensory alterations, which may be useful as a starting point for specific further studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32314819, "pmcid": "PMC7264507", "title": "An effective screening and management process in the outpatient clinic for patients requiring hospitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Guo, Fuzheng", "Du, Zhe", "Wang, Tianbing"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314819", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314274, "pmcid": "PMC7167538", "title": "Clinical Manifestation and Laboratory Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnant Women.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Wu, Chunchen", "Yang, Wenzhong", "Wu, Xiaoxue", "Zhang, Tianzhu", "Zhao, Yaoyao", "Ren, Wei", "Xia, Jianbo"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314274", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic has become a major challenge to public health in China and other countries, considering its pathogenicity across all age groups. Pregnancy is a unique physiological condition, and is characterized by altered immunity and elevated hormone levels to actively tolerate the semi-allogeneic fetus, which undergoes a sudden and substantial fluctuation during the immediate postpartum period. Changes in clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and imaging features of pregnant women during the pre-partum and post-partum periods require further elucidation. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and imaging features of eight pregnant cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pre-partum and post-partum periods. Our results showed that four of the eight pregnant women were asymptomatic before delivery but became symptomatic post-partum. Correspondingly, white blood cell (WBC) counts increased and lymphocyte (LYMPH) counts decreased. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the serum also increased to a higher level than those in general pregnancy. Therefore, it is imperative to closely monitor laboratory parameters including the WBC count, LYMPH count, and CRP, along with other imaging features in chest CT scans, to promptly prevent, diagnose, and treat a SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy."}, {"pmid": 32302745, "pmcid": "PMC7194740", "title": "Surgical operations during the COVID-19 outbreak: Should elective surgeries be suspended?", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Zarrintan, Sina"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302745", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305557, "pmcid": "PMC7160645", "title": "The impact of 2019 novel coronavirus on heart injury: A Systematic review and Meta-analysis.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Li, Jing-Wei", "Han, Tian-Wen", "Woodward, Mark", "Anderson, Craig S", "Zhou, Hao", "Chen, Yun-Dai", "Neal, Bruce"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305557", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evidence about COVID-19 on cardiac injury is inconsistent. We aimed to summarize available data on severity differences in acute cardiac injury and acute cardiac injury with mortality during the COVID-19 outbreak. We performed a systematic literature search across Pubmed, Embase and pre-print from December 1, 2019 to March 27, 2020, to identify all observational studies that reported cardiac specific biomarkers (troponin, creatine kinase-MB fraction, myoglobin, or NT-proBNP) during COVID-19 infection. We extracted data on patient demographics, infection severity, comorbidity history, and biomarkers during COVID-19 infection. Where possible, data were pooled for meta-analysis with standard (SMD) or weighted (WMD) mean difference and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). We included 4189 confirmed COVID-19 infected patients from 28 studies. More severe COVID-19 infection is associated with higher mean troponin (SMD 0.53, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.75, p\u00a0<\u00a00.001), with a similar trend for creatine kinase-MB, myoglobin, and NT-proBNP. Acute cardiac injury was more frequent in those with severe, compared to milder, disease (risk ratio 5.99, 3.04 to 11.80; p\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Meta regression suggested that cardiac injury biomarker differences of severity are related to history of hypertension (p\u00a0=\u00a00.030). Also COVID19-related cardiac injury is associated with higher mortality (summary risk ratio 3.85, 2.13 to 6.96; p\u00a0<\u00a00.001). hsTnI and NT-proBNP levels increased during the course of hospitalization only in non-survivors. The severity of COVID-19 is associated with acute cardiac injury, and acute cardiac injury is associated with death. Cardiac injury biomarkers mainly increase in non-survivors. This highlights the need to effectively monitor heart health to prevent myocarditis in patients infected with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32485871, "title": "Estimating the Risk of COVID-19 Death During the Course of the Outbreak in Korea, February-May 2020.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Shim, Eunha", "Mizumoto, Kenji", "Choi, Wongyeong", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485871", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Korea, a total of 10,840 confirmed cases of COVID-19 including 256 deaths have been recorded as of May 9, 2020. The time-delay adjusted case fatality risk (CFR) of COVID-19 in Korea is yet to be estimated. We obtained the daily series of confirmed cases and deaths in Korea reported prior to May 9, 2020. Using statistical methods, we estimated the time-delay adjusted risk for death from COVID-19 in Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do, other regions in Korea, as well as the entire country. Our model-based crude CFR fitted the observed data well throughout the course of the epidemic except for the very early stage in Gyeongsangbuk-do; this was partially due to the reporting delay. Our estimates of the risk of death in Gyeongsangbuk-do reached 25.9% (95% Credible Interval (CrI): 19.6%-33.6%), 20.8% (95% CrI: 18.1%-24.0%) in Daegu, and 1.7% (95% CrI: 1.1%-2.5%) in other regions, whereas the national estimate was 10.2% (95% CrI: 9.0%-11.5%). The latest estimates of CFR of COVID-19 in Korea are considerably high, even with the early implementation of public health interventions including widespread testing, social distancing, and delayed school openings. Geographic differences in the CFR are likely influenced by clusters tied to hospitals and nursing homes."}, {"pmid": 32242202, "pmcid": "PMC7113379", "title": "Editorial: COVID-19 and Older Adults.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Morley, J E", "Vellas, B"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242202", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505590, "title": "Successful prevention of COVID-19 outbreak at elderly care institutions in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Yang, Peishan", "Huang, Lung Kuan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505590", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501367, "pmcid": "PMC7241328", "title": "Chloroquine dosage regimens in patients with COVID-19: Safety risks and optimization using simulations.", "journal": "Saf Sci", "authors": ["Karalis, Vangelis", "Ismailos, George", "Karatza, Eleni"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501367", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently no specific medicinal treatment exists against the new SARS-CoV2 and chloroquine is widely used, since it can decrease the length of hospital stay and improve the evolution of the associated COVID-19 pneumonia. However, several safety concerns have been raised from chloroquine use due to the lack of essential information regarding its dosing. The aim of this study is to provide a critical appraisal of the safety information regarding chloroquine treatment and to apply simulation techniques to unveil relationships between the observed serious adverse events and overdosing, as well as to propose optimized dosage regimens. The dose related adverse events of chloroquine are unveiled and maximum tolerated doses and concentration levels are quoted. Among others, treatment with chloroquine can lead to severe adverse effects like prolongation of the QT interval and cardiomyopathy. In case of chloroquine overdosing, conditions similar to those produced by SARS-CoV2, such as pulmonary oedema with respiratory insufficiency and circulatory collapse, can be observed. Co-administration of chloroquine with other drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, like azithromycin, can further increase the risk of QT prolongation and cardiomyopathy. For elder patients there is a high risk for toxicity and dose reduction should be made. This study unveils the risks of some widely used dosing regimens and binds the observed serious adverse events with dosing. Based on simulations, safer alternative dosage regimens are proposed and recommendations regarding chloroquine dosing are made."}, {"pmid": 32320559, "title": "First Case of Covid-19 in the United States.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Weng, Li", "Jiao, Yang", "Li, Yue"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320559", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259536, "pmcid": "PMC7128407", "title": "Dermatology residents and the care of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Stoj, Victoria J", "Grant-Kels, Jane M"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259536", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502958, "pmcid": "PMC7258830", "title": "Proposed guidelines for screening of hyperglycemia in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in low resource settings.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Goyal, Alpesh", "Gupta, Setu", "Gupta, Yashdeep", "Tandon, Nikhil"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502958", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has immensely strained healthcare systems worldwide. Diabetes has emerged as a major comorbidity in a large proportion of patients infected with COVID-19 and is associated with poor health outcomes. We aim to provide a practical guidance on screening of hyperglycemia in persons without known diabetes in low resource settings. We reviewed the available guidelines on this subject and proposed an algorithm based on simple measures of blood glucose (BG) which can be implemented by healthcare workers with lesser expertise in low resource settings. We propose that every hospitalized patient with COVID-19 infection undergo a paired capillary BG assessment (pre-meal and 2-h post-meal). Patients with pre-meal BG\u00a0<\u00a07.8\u00a0mmol/L (140\u00a0mg/dL) and post-meal BG\u00a0<\u00a010.0\u00a0mmol/L (180\u00a0mg/dL) may not merit further monitoring. On the other hand, those with one or more value above these thresholds should undergo capillary BG monitoring (pre-meals and 2 hours after dinner) for the next 24\u00a0hours. When two or more (\u226550%) such values are significantly elevated [pre-meal \u22658.3\u00a0mmol/L (150\u00a0mg/dL) and post-meal \u226511.1\u00a0mmol/L (200\u00a0mg/dL)], pharmacotherapy should be immediately initiated. On the other hand, in patients with modest elevation of one or more values [pre-meal 7.8-8.3\u00a0mmol/L (140-150\u00a0mg/dL) and post-meal 10.0-11.1\u00a0mmol/L (180-200\u00a0mg/dL)], dietary modifications should be initiated and pharmacotherapy considered only if BG control remains suboptimal. We highlight strategies for screening of hyperglycemia in persons without known diabetes treated for COVID-19 infection in low resource settings. This guidance may well be applied to other settings in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32118371, "pmcid": "PMC7063555", "title": "The third coronavirus epidemic in the third millennium: what's next?", "journal": "Croat Med J", "authors": ["Civljak, Rok", "Markotic, Alemka", "Kuzman, Ilija"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118371", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359967, "pmcid": "PMC7184015", "title": "Increased risk of ocular injury seen during lockdown due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Cont Lens Anterior Eye", "authors": ["Hamroush, Ahmed", "Qureshi, Madyan", "Shah, Sunil"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359967", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434790, "pmcid": "PMC7246104", "title": "COVID-19 and immune checkpoint inhibitors: initial considerations.", "journal": "J Immunother Cancer", "authors": ["Sullivan, Ryan J", "Johnson, Douglas B", "Rini, Brian I", "Neilan, Tomas G", "Lovly, Christine M", "Moslehi, Javid J", "Reynolds, Kerry L"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434790", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 infections are characterized by inflammation of the lungs and other organs that ranges from mild and asymptomatic to fulminant and fatal. Patients who are immunocompromised and those with cardiopulmonary comorbidities appear to be particularly afflicted by this illness. During pandemic conditions, many aspects of cancer care have been impacted. One important clinical question is how to manage patients who need anticancer therapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) during these conditions. Herein, we consider diagnostic and therapeutic implications of using ICI during this unprecedented period of COVID-19 infections. In particular, we consider the impact of ICI on COVID-19 severity, decisions surrounding continuing or interrupting therapy, diagnostic measures in patients with symptoms or manifestations potentially consistent with either COVID-19 or ICI toxicity, and resumption of therapy in infected patients. While more robust data are needed to guide clinicians on management of patients with cancer who may be affected by COVID-19, we hope this commentary provides useful insights for the clinical community."}, {"pmid": 32373998, "title": "The viral, epidemiologic, clinical characteristics and potential therapy options for COVID-19: a review.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Li, C", "Xu, B-H"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373998", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has rapidly spread all over the world, in just two months. As of 27 March, globally, 509,164 cases confirmed included 23,335 deaths in approximately 150 countries. Recently, WHO has defined COVID-19 as a global pandemic, and considerable researches have focused on the identification and prevention of SARS-CoV-2. As a result, accumulated publications successively reported their early findings, leading to the constant updating of information, which might make confusion for readers. Therefore, this review summarized the current researches about the genomic evolution, variation of SARS-CoV-2, and demonstrated its viral structure for pathogenesis. Meanwhile, we analyzed the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19, in order to provide recommendations for present clinical treatments and inspirations for potential therapy options."}, {"pmid": 32273254, "pmcid": "PMC7269703", "title": "Cannabidiol as prophylaxis for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19? Unfounded claims versus potential risks of medications during the pandemic.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Brown, Joshua D"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273254", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391912, "pmcid": "PMC7239207", "title": "The role of cardiovascular imaging for myocardial injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Cosyns, Bernard", "Lochy, Stijn", "Luchian, Maria Luiza", "Gimelli, Alessia", "Pontone, Gianluca", "Allard, Sabine D", "de Mey, Johan", "Rosseel, Peter", "Dweck, Marc", "Petersen, Steffen E", "Edvardsen, Thor"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391912", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent EACVI recommendations described the importance of limiting cardiovascular imaging during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to reduce virus transmission, protect healthcare professionals from contamination, and reduce consumption of personal protective equipment. However, an elevated troponin remains a frequent request for cardiac imaging in COVID-19 patients, partly because it signifies cardiac injury due to a variety of causes and partly because it is known to convey a worse prognosis. The present paper aims to provide guidance to clinicians regarding the appropriateness of cardiac imaging in the context of troponin elevation and myocardial injury, how best to decipher the mechanism of myocardial injury, and how to guide patient management."}, {"pmid": 32357575, "title": "COVID-19: A Geriatric Emergency.", "journal": "Geriatrics (Basel)", "authors": ["Boccardi, Virginia", "Ruggiero, Carmelinda", "Mecocci, Patrizia"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357575", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The older Italian population is posing a challenge in the number of deaths for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). According to previous data from China, pre-existing health conditions dramatically increase the risk of dying from COVID-19. The presence of multiple diseases in older patients may be considered as a mark of frailty, which increases the person's vulnerability to stress and impairs the multisystemic compensatory effort to restore homeostasis. The clinical complexity associated with the management of frailty may increase the risk of complications during infection as well as the lack of the early recognition of atypical symptoms. There is an urgent need to share expertise and clinical management skills with geriatricians as well as the need for early diagnosis to start treatment at the earliest convenience in the community, with the aim to avoid the collapse of intensive care units."}, {"pmid": 32525550, "title": "Temperature, Humidity, and Latitude Analysis to Estimate Potential Spread and Seasonality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Sajadi, Mohammad M", "Habibzadeh, Parham", "Vintzileos, Augustin", "Shokouhi, Shervin", "Miralles-Wilhelm, Fernando", "Amoroso, Anthony"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525550", "countries": ["France", "Korea, Republic of", "Spain", "Japan", "China", "Viet Nam", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Russian Federation", "United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has resulted in a global crisis. Investigating the potential association of climate and seasonality with the spread of this infection could aid in preventive and surveillance strategies. To examine the association of climate with the spread of COVID-19 infection. This cohort study examined climate data from 50 cities worldwide with and without substantial community spread of COVID-19. Eight cities with substantial spread of COVID-19 (Wuhan, China; Tokyo, Japan; Daegu, South Korea; Qom, Iran; Milan, Italy; Paris, France; Seattle, US; and Madrid, Spain) were compared with 42 cities that have not been affected or did not have substantial community spread. Data were collected from January to March 10, 2020. Substantial community transmission was defined as at least 10 reported deaths in a country as of March 10, 2020. Climate data (latitude, mean 2-m temperature, mean specific humidity, and mean relative humidity) were obtained from ERA-5 reanalysis. The 8 cities with substantial community spread as of March 10, 2020, were located on a narrow band, roughly on the 30\u00b0 N to 50\u00b0 N corridor. They had consistently similar weather patterns, consisting of mean temperatures of between 5 and 11 \u00b0C, combined with low specific humidity (3-6 g/kg) and low absolute humidity (4-7 g/m3). There was a lack of substantial community establishment in expected locations based on proximity. For example, while Wuhan, China (30.8\u00b0 N) had 3136 deaths and 80\u202f757 cases, Moscow, Russia (56.0\u00b0 N), had 0 deaths and 10 cases and Hanoi, Vietnam (21.2\u00b0 N), had 0 deaths and 31 cases. In this study, the distribution of substantial community outbreaks of COVID-19 along restricted latitude, temperature, and humidity measurements was consistent with the behavior of a seasonal respiratory virus. Using weather modeling, it may be possible to estimate the regions most likely to be at a higher risk of substantial community spread of COVID-19 in the upcoming weeks, allowing for concentration of public health efforts on surveillance and containment."}, {"pmid": 32371057, "pmcid": "PMC7181989", "title": "Potential Applications of Plant Biotechnology against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Trends Plant Sci", "authors": ["Capell, Teresa", "Twyman, Richard M", "Armario-Najera, Victoria", "Ma, Julian K-C", "Schillberg, Stefan", "Christou, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371057", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus responsible for an ongoing human pandemic (COVID-19). There is a massive international effort underway to develop diagnostic reagents, vaccines, and antiviral drugs in a bid to slow down the spread of the disease and save lives. One part of that international effort involves the research community working with plants, bringing researchers from all over the world together with commercial enterprises to achieve the rapid supply of protein antigens and antibodies for diagnostic kits, and scalable production systems for the emergency manufacturing of vaccines and antiviral drugs. Here, we look at some of the ways in which plants can and are being used in the fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32326988, "pmcid": "PMC7198453", "title": "Lactose Dehydrogenase in Patients with Severe COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Retrospective Study.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Huang, Xiaoyi", "Wei, Fengxiang", "Yang, Ziqing", "Li, Min", "Liu, Liuhong", "Chen, Ken"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326988", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441754, "title": "Should we be using the Covid-19 outbreak to prompt us to transform our rheumatology service delivery in the technology age?", "journal": "Rheumatology (Oxford)", "authors": ["Jethwa, Hannah", "Abraham, Sonya"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295760, "title": "Covid-19: Guidance is urgently needed on who should be treated in event of shortages, say lawyers.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295760", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333418, "title": "COVID-19 and Underinvestment in the Public Health Infrastructure of the United States.", "journal": "Milbank Q", "authors": ["Maani, Nason", "Galea, Sandro"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333418", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446801, "pmcid": "PMC7242186", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and diabetes: New challenges for the disease.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Cristelo, Cecilia", "Azevedo, Claudia", "Marques, Joana Moreira", "Nunes, Rute", "Sarmento, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446801", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel small enveloped RNA virus with the typical characteristic of the family to which it belongs, a crown, hence the name coronavirus, appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and subdued the world to its influence. The particular severity of the disease and higher mortality rates in patients with associated morbidities, including hypertension, obesity and diabetes, increases the concern over the consequences of this pandemic. In this review, the features of SARS-CoV-2 will be addressed, as well as the reasons why it poses a particular challenge to diabetic patients. We will also highlight the recent treatment strategies being explored to control this pandemic. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the correct management of diabetes in those patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 is of utmost importance for the viral disease progression, therefore, the importance of blood glucose control will also be addressed."}, {"pmid": 32335609, "title": "Clinical Profile of Cases of COVID-19 in Far Western Province of Nepal.", "journal": "J Nepal Health Res Counc", "authors": ["Joshi, Jagadish", "Mishra, Pradip", "Kamar, Sher Bahadur", "Sharma, Nirajan Datta", "Parajuli, Janaki", "Sharma, Seema", "Pandey, Hem Raj"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335609", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cause various symptoms such as pneumonia, fever, breathing difficult and lung infection. Till now, total 9 cases are reported in Nepal and 4 cases from this province. This case series is to describe the initial clinical features of COVID-19 among the patients admitted in isolation ward of Seti Provincial Hospital. Oropharyngeal swab was taken from all four patients and sample was transfer to national reference laboratory. Three patients were coming from infected country and one is local transmission. Age of patients was range from 20 to 40 years of age with male preponderance. The patient coming from United Arab Emirate was presented with mild symptoms and others were asymptomatic. More tests, contact tracing and keeping them in quarantine are the necessitated action need to be taken by government of Nepal. Keywords: COVID-19; local transmission; oropharyngeal swab."}, {"pmid": 32437931, "pmcid": "PMC7211736", "title": "On the crucial role of multilingual biomedical databases in epidemic events (SARS-CoV-2 analysis).", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Soares, Felipe", "Yamashita, Gabrielli Harumi"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437931", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The need for multilingual biomedical databases was already pointed out by different authors. They argue about the need for making translations available in other languages and centralized access to regional databases and that one should not disregard citations in other languages. This fact could not be any more real in the current situation regarding the novel coronavirus. When considering treatment, diagnosis and prevention, around 44% of the articles in PubMed were written in Chinese. This prompts the urgent need for quality automatic translation to make such extremely valuable information available to medical personnel in as many languages as possible. We also point out that the community should also make efforts to guarantee editorial quality and to follow the best practices in editing and publishing. This is of critical importance as well, such that the content is properly scrutinized before being published."}, {"pmid": 32330560, "pmcid": "PMC7194508", "title": "Presumptive asymptomatic COVID-19 carriers' estimation and expected person-to-person spreading among repatriated passengers returning from China.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Teheran, Anibal A", "Camero, Gabriel", "Prado, Ronald", "Moreno, Benjamin", "Trujillo, Harol", "Ramirez, Rafael A", "Miranda, Diana C", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto", "Ramirez, Juan David"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330560", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510973, "title": "Decoding SARS-CoV-2 Hijacking of Host Mitochondria in Pathogenesis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Cell Physiol", "authors": ["Singh, Keshav K", "Chaubey, Gyneshwar", "Chen, Jake Y", "Suravajhala, Prashanth"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510973", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to ongoing pandemic around the world, the mechanisms underlying the SARS-CoV-2 induced COVID-19 are subject to intense investigation. Based on available data for the SARS-CoV-1 virus, we suggest how CoV-2 localization of RNA transcripts in mitochondria hijacks the host cell's mitochondrial function to viral advantage. Besides viral RNA transcripts, RNA also localizes to mitochondria. SARS-CoV-2 may manipulate mitochondrial function indirectly, first by ACE2 regulation of mitochondrial function, and once it enters the host cell, ORFS such as ORF-9b can directly manipulate mitochondrial function to evade host cell immunity and facilitate virus replication and COVID-19 disease. Manipulations of host mitochondria by viral ORFs can release mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cytoplasm and activate mtDNA induced inflammasome and suppress innate and adaptive immunity. We argue that a decline in ACE2 function in aged individuals, coupled with the age-associated decline in mitochondrial functions resulting in chronic metabolic disorders like diabetes or cancer, may make the host more vulnerable to infection and health complications to mortality. These observations suggest that distinct localization of viral RNA and proteins in mitochondria must play essential roles in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying virus communication with host mitochondria may provide critical insights into COVID-19 pathologies. An investigation into the SARS-CoV-2 hijacking of mitochondria should lead to novel approaches to prevent and treat COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32333579, "title": "COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Hemorheol Microcirc", "authors": ["Jung, F"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333579", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520223, "title": "COVID-19 and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: How to manage it?", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Fragoso, Roberta Paranhos", "Rodrigues, Maraci"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520223", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pediatric gastroenterologists, family members, and caregivers of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are on alert; they are all focused on implementing prophylactic measures to prevent infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, evaluating the risks in each patient, guiding them in their treatment, and keeping IBD in remission. To face the current issues of the coronavirus disease pandemic, we have developed a synthesis of the main recommendations of the literature directed at pediatric gastroenterologists in control of patients with pediatric IBD and adapted to the national reality."}, {"pmid": 32425471, "pmcid": "PMC7227578", "title": "Qigong for the Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of COVID-19 Infection in Older Adults.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Feng, Fan", "Tuchman, Sylvie", "Denninger, John W", "Fricchione, Gregory L", "Yeung, Albert"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425471", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The elderly are at high risk of contracting respiratory infectious diseases, including COVID-19 infection. The recent pandemic has the potential to cause significant physical and mental damage in older adults. Similarly to other mind-body exercises in Traditional Chinese medicine, Qigong features regulation of breath rhythm and pattern, body movement and posture, and meditation. Given these traits, Qigong has the potential to play a role in the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of respiratory infections, such as COVID-19. Potential mechanisms of action include stress reduction, emotion regulation, strengthening of respiratory muscles, reduction of inflammation, and enhanced immune function. Three forms of Qigong; abdominal breathing, Ba Duan Jin and Liu Zi Jue, all of which are gentle, smooth, and simple for the elderly to practice, are recommended in this context."}, {"pmid": 32519576, "title": "Recommendations on trichological treatments during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Rossi, Alfredo", "Magri, Francesca", "Caro, Gemma", "Federico, Alessandro", "Di Fraia, Marco", "Muscianese, Marta", "Fortuna, Maria Caterina", "Carlesimo, Marta"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519576", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which rapidly spreads via respiratory droplets and is the cause of the current pandemic. In this alarming situation, it is a delicate matter how to visit patients safely and how to manage their chronic treatments.The aim of this paper is to examine in detail the potential impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection of treatments routinely used in trichology and to provide a useful guide for the therapeutic management of thricological patients in this new COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32408043, "pmcid": "PMC7204749", "title": "How can we evaluate an interrelation of symptoms?", "journal": "Arch Gerontol Geriatr", "authors": ["Usuzaki, Takuma", "Chiba, Shuji", "Shimoyama, Minoru"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408043", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is an international problem and factors associated with increased risk of mortality have been reported. However, there exists limited statistical method to estimate a comprehensive risk for a case in which a patient has several characteristics and symptoms concurrently. We applied Boolean Monte Carlo method (BMCM) to the Novel Corona Virus 2019 Dataset to determine interrelation of patient's characteristics and symptoms. In the analyses, age, fever as an onset symptom, and sex were used as explanatory variables, and death as the objective variable. Among 265 patients included in the analysis, the interrelations for estimating death were determined as age \"and\" fever \"and\" sex (p\u202f<\u202f0.0001 for both operators). This result indicates that satisfying the three conditions of age, fever, and sex concurrently may be associated with an increased risk of mortality."}, {"pmid": 32455894, "title": "Managing Bladder Cancer Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic Using a Team-Based Approach.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Wang, Tina", "Liu, Sariah", "Joseph, Thomas", "Lyou, Yung"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455894", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent novel coronavirus, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has developed into an international pandemic affecting millions of individuals with hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. The highly infectious nature and widespread prevalence of this disease create a new set of obstacles for the bladder cancer community in both delivering and receiving care. In this manuscript, we address the unique issues regarding treatment prioritization for the patient with bladder cancer and how we at City of Hope have adjusted our clinical practices using a team-based approach that utilizes shared decision making with all stakeholders (physicians, patients, caregivers) to optimize outcomes during this difficult time. In addition to taking standard precautions for minimizing COVID-19 risk of exposure for those entering a healthcare facility (screening all personnel upon entry and donning facemasks at all times), we suggest the following three measures: (1) delay post-treatment surveillance visits until there is a decrease in local COVID-19 cases, (2) continue curative intent treatments for localized bladder cancer with COVID-19 precautions (i.e., choosing gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) over dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatin (ddMVAC) neoadjuvant chemotherapy), and (3) increase the off-treatment period between cycles of palliative systemic therapy in metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients."}, {"pmid": 32299654, "pmcid": "PMC7194963", "title": "The first case of COVID-19 infection in a 75-day-old infant in Jahrom City, south of Iran.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Mogharab, Vahid", "Pasha, Anahita Manafi Khajeh", "Javdani, Frashid", "Hatami, Naser"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299654", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523874, "pmcid": "PMC7252076", "title": "Multidisciplinary team management and cesarean delivery for a Jordanian woman infected with SARS-COV-2: A case report.", "journal": "Case Rep Womens Health", "authors": ["AlZaghal, Laila A", "AlZaghal, Najwa", "Alomari, Safwan O", "Obeidat, Nail", "Obeidat, Basil", "Hayajneh, Wail A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523874", "countries": ["China", "Jordan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-COV-2 virus appears to have originated in Hubei Province in China towards the end of 2019 and has spread worldwide. Currently, there is little literature on COVID-19, and even less on its effect on pregnant mothers and infants. At this time, there are no clear recommendations specific to pregnant women with COVID-19. We report the multidisciplinary team management of a cesarean delivery for a woman infected with SARS-COV-2, including her pre-delivery care, intraoperative considerations, and post-delivery recommendations for the mother and baby. We also discuss the currently available recommendations and guidelines on the management of such cases."}, {"pmid": 32269023, "title": "Covid-19: Africa records over 10 000 cases as lockdowns take hold.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269023", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311322, "pmcid": "PMC7164862", "title": "Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Principi, Nicola", "Esposito, Susanna"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311322", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221059, "pmcid": "PMC7172973", "title": "Reflections on Nursing Ingenuity During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurosci Nurs", "authors": ["Newby, Jamison C", "Mabry, Madison C", "Carlisle, Byron A", "Olson, DaiWai M", "Lane, Blair E"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221059", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This reflections article provides insight toward nursing innovations to reduce the overuse of personal protective equipment while maintaining a safe environment for staff taking care of COVID-19 patients. The secondary aim of this paper to capitalize on recent advances in mass electronic communication through social media to encourage nurses across the globe to share their knowledge and expertise during this pandemic.The many innovations that have been implemented fall into 3 categories of: reducing unnecessary use of personal protective equipment (PPE), promoting staff safety and readiness, and reducing foot traffic. These strategies are being shared to promote dissemination of innovative nursing interventions that will save lives during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32474111, "pmcid": "PMC7255734", "title": "Echocardiographic Findings in Covid-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Mahmoud-Elsayed, Hani M", "Moody, William E", "Bradlow, William M", "Khan-Kheil, Ayisha M", "Hudsmith, Lucy E", "Steeds, Richard P"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474111", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to characterize the echocardiographic phenotype of patients with Covid-19 pneumonia and its relation to biomarkers. Seventy-four patients (59\u00b113 years, 78% male) admitted with Covid-19 were included after referral for transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) as part of routine care. A level 1 British Society of Echocardiography TTE assessed chamber size and function, valvular disease and likelihood of pulmonary hypertension. The chief abnormalities were right ventricular (RV) dilatation (41%) and RV dysfunction (27%). RV impairment was associated with increased D-dimer and CRP levels. In contrast, left ventricular (LV) function was hyper-dynamic or normal in most (89%) patients."}, {"pmid": 32482785, "title": "Estimates of the ongoing need for social distancing and control measures post-\"lockdown\" from trajectories of COVID-19 cases and mortality.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Lonergan, Mike", "Chalmers, James D"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482785", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Spain", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By 21st May 2020, SARS-CoV-2 had caused more than 5 million cases of COVID-19 across more than 200 countries. Most countries with significant outbreaks have introduced social distancing or \"lockdown\" measures to reduce viral transmission. So the key question now is when, how, and to what extent, these measures can be lifted.Publically available data, on daily numbers of newly-confirmed cases and mortality, were used to fit regression models estimating trajectories, doubling times and the reproduction number (R0) of the disease, before and under the control measures. These data ran up to 21st May 2020, and were sufficient for analysis in 89 countries.The estimates of R0, before lockdown, based on these data were broadly consistent with those previously published: between 2.0 and 3.7 in the countries with the largest number of cases available for analysis (USA, Italy, Spain, France and UK). There was little evidence to suggest that the restrictions had reduced R far below 1 in many places, with France having the most rapid reductions - R0 0.76 (95%CI 0.72-0.82), based on cases and 0.77 (95%CI 0.73-0.80) based on mortality.Intermittent lockdown has been proposed as a means of controlling the outbreak while allowing periods of increase freedom and economic activity. These data suggest that few countries could have even 1\u2005week per month unrestricted without seeing resurgence of the epidemic. Similarly, restoring 20% of the activity that has been prevented by the lockdowns looks difficult to reconcile with preventing the resurgence of the disease in most countries."}, {"pmid": 32519361, "title": "COVID-19 tracheostomy Local Safety Standard for Invasive Procedures (LocSSIP): a single-centre experience.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Ward, P A", "Collier, J M"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519361", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508261, "title": "Hypoalbuminemia, Coagulopathy and Vascular Disease in Covid-19.", "journal": "Circ Res", "authors": ["Violi, Francesco", "Ceccarelli, Giancarlo", "Cangemi, Roberto", "Alessandri, Francesco", "d'Ettorre, Gabriella", "Oliva, Alessandra", "Pastori, Daniele", "Loffredo, Lorenzo", "Pignatelli, Pasquale", "Ruberto, Franco", "Venditti, Mario", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Mastroianni, Claudio Maria"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508261", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341100, "pmcid": "PMC7236828", "title": "Inhaled corticosteroids and COVID-19: a systematic review and clinical perspective.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Halpin, David M G", "Singh, Dave", "Hadfield, Ruth M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341100", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353269, "pmcid": "PMC7185950", "title": "COVID-19, unemployment, and suicide.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kawohl, Wolfram", "Nordt, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353269", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380501, "title": "Implications of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Crisis on Clinical Cancer Care: Report of the University Cancer Center Hamburg.", "journal": "Oncol Res Treat", "authors": ["Weisel, Katja C", "Morgner-Miehlke, Andrea", "Petersen, Cordula", "Fiedler, Walter", "Block, Andreas", "Schafhausen, Philippe", "Knobloch, Johannes K", "Bokemeyer, Carsten"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380501", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemia, routine clinical work was immediately, deeply, and sustainably impacted in Germany and worldwide. The infrastructure of almost all hospitals is currently redirected to provide a maximum of intensive care resources, including the necessary staff. In parallel, routine as well as emergency clinical care for all patients in need has to be secured. This challenge becomes particularly evident in cancer care. In order to maintain adequate oncological care at all levels of provision and to conduct especially curative and intensive treatments with a maximum of safety, continuous adaption of the oncology care system has to be ensured. Intensive communication with colleagues and patients is needed as is consequent expert networking and continuous reflection of the own developed strategies. In parallel, it is of high importance to actively avoid cessation of innovation in order not to endanger the continuous improvement in prognosis of cancer patients. This includes sustained conduction of clinical trials as well as ongoing translational research. Here, we describe measures taken at the University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH) - a recognized comprehensive oncology center of excellence - during the COVID-19 crisis. We aim to provide support and potential perspectives to generate a discussion basis on how to maintain high-end cancer care during such a crisis and how to conduct patients safely into the future."}, {"pmid": 32342543, "pmcid": "PMC7267333", "title": "Conservation of personal protective equipment for head and neck cancer surgery during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Chow, Velda Ling Yu", "Chan, Jimmy Yu Wai", "Ho, Valerie Wai Yee", "Lee, George Chung Ching", "Wong, Melody Man Kuen", "Wong, Stanley Thian Sze", "Gao, Wei"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342543", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). This study aims to stratify face shield needs when performing head and neck cancer surgery. Fifteen patients underwent surgery between March 1, 2020 and April 9, 2020. Operative diagnosis and procedure; droplet count and distribution on face shields were documented. Forty-five surgical procedures were performed for neck nodal metastatic carcinoma of unknown origin (n = 3); carcinoma of tonsil (n = 2), tongue (n = 2), nasopharynx (n = 3), maxilla (n = 1), and laryngopharynx (n = 4). Droplet contamination was 57.8%, 59.5%, 8.0%, and 0% for operating, first and second assistant surgeons, and scrub nurse respectively. Droplet count was highest and most widespread during osteotomies. No droplet splash was noted for transoral robotic surgery. Face shield is not a mandatory adjunctive PPE for all head and neck surgical procedures and health care providers. Judicious use helps to conserve resources during such difficult times."}, {"pmid": 32512742, "title": "Public Health Emergency and Crisis Management: Case Study of SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Choi, Hemin", "Cho, Wonhyuk", "Kim, Min-Hyu", "Hur, Joon-Young"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512742", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused an unparalleled public health crisis, delivering an immense shock to humanity. With the virus's health consequences largely unknown, different health systems around the globe have pursued various avenues of crisis management. South Korea, troubled early by the virus, was once the second most affected nation in the world. Arrays of measures in South Korea, such as large-scale diagnostic testing and technology-based comprehensive contact tracing, have brought about debates among public health experts and medical professionals. This case study describes the major cluster transmissions in SARS-CoV-2 hotspots in South Korea (such as a religious sect, a call center, logistics facilities, and nightclubs) and offers early observations on how South Korean public health authorities acted in response to the initial outbreak of the virus and to the new waves prompted by re-opening economies. We then discuss the way in which South Korea's experience can act as a reference for shaping other countries' public health strategies in pandemic crisis management."}, {"pmid": 32387756, "pmcid": "PMC7175879", "title": "SARS - CoV-2: Reasons of epidemiology of severe ill disease cases and therapeutic approach using trivalent vaccine (tetanus, diphtheria and Bordetella pertussis).", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Ietto, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387756", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus Covid-19 follows transmission route and clinical presentation of all community-acquired coronaviruses. Instead, the rate of transmission is significative higher, with a faster spread of the virus responsible of the worldwide outbreak and a significative higher mortality rate due to the development of a severe lung injury. Most noteworthy is the distribution of death rate among age groups. Children and younger people are almost protected from severe clinical presentation. Possible explanation of this phenomenon could be the ability of past vaccinations (especially tetanic, diphtheria toxoids and inactivated bacteria as pertussis) to stimulate immune system and to generate a scattered immunity against non-self antigens in transit, as coronaviruses and other community-circulating viruses and make immune system readier to develop specific immunity against Covid-19. The first support to this hypothesis is the distribution of mortality rate during historical pandemics (\"Spanish flu\" 1918, \"Asian flu\" 1956 and \"the Hong Kong flu\" 1968) among age groups before and after the introduction of vaccines. The immunological support to the hypothesis derives from recent studies about immunotherapy for malignancies, which propose the use of oncolytic vaccines combined with toxoids in order to exploit CD4\u00a0+\u00a0memory T cell recall in supporting the ongoing anti-tumour response. According to this hypothesis vaccine formulations (tetanus, diphtheria, Bordetella pertussis) could be re-administrate after the first contact with Covid-19, better before the development of respiratory severe illness and of course before full-blown ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome). The CD4\u00a0+\u00a0memory exploiting could help immune system to recall immunity of already know antigens against coronaviruses, avoiding or limiting \"lung crash\" until virus specific immunity develops and making it faster and prolonged. Finally, this administration could be helpful not only in already infected patients, but also before infection. In fact, people could have an immune system more ready when the contact with the Covid-19 will occur."}, {"pmid": 32433303, "pmcid": "PMC7268873", "title": "Apples to Oranges: Ethical Considerations in COVID-19 Surgical Recovery.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Eng, Oliver S", "Tseng, Jennifer", "Ejaz, Aslam", "Pawlik, Timothy M", "Angelos, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433303", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478547, "title": "Understanding the mental health burden of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Lopes, Barbara Cristina da Silva", "Jaspal, Rusi"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478547", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article outlines the mental health burden of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom population, and presents preliminary evidence of less common psychiatric issues, such as paranoia and hallucinations, to which vulnerable groups in the U.K. population may be more vulnerable. It is argued that cognitive-behavioral therapy, with components of mindfulness, should be part of the therapeutic response. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32522301, "title": "Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and geropsychiatric care for older adults: a view from Turkey.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Naharci, Mehmet Ilkin", "Katipoglu, Bilal", "Tasci, Ilker"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522301", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353857, "title": "Do we know the diagnostic properties of the tests used in COVID-19? A rapid review of recently published literature.", "journal": "Medwave", "authors": ["Bachelet, Vivienne C"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353857", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has brought death and disease to large parts of the world. Governments must deploy strategies to screen the population and subsequently isolate the suspect cases. Diagnostic testing is critical for epidemiological surveillance, but the accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) and clinical utility (impact on health outcomes) of the current diagnostic methods used for SARS-CoV-2 detection are not known. I ran a quick search in PubMed/MEDLINE to find studies on laboratory diagnostic tests and rapid viral diagnosis. After running the search strategies, I found 47 eligible articles that I discuss in this review, commenting on test characteristics and limitations. I did not find any papers that report on the clinical utility of the tests currently used for COVID-19 detection, meaning that we are fighting a battle without proper knowledge of the proportion of false negatives that current testing is resulting in. This shortcoming should not be overlooked as it might hamper national efforts to contain the pandemic through testing community-based suspect cases."}, {"pmid": 32296266, "pmcid": "PMC7158845", "title": "Initial impacts of global risk mitigation measures taken during the combatting of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Saf Sci", "authors": ["Bruinen de Bruin, Yuri", "Lequarre, Anne-Sophie", "McCourt, Josephine", "Clevestig, Peter", "Pigazzani, Filippo", "Zare Jeddi, Maryam", "Colosio, Claudio", "Goulart, Margarida"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296266", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper presents an analysis of risk mitigation measures taken by countries around the world facing the current COVID-19 outbreak. In light of the current pandemic the authors collated and clustered (using harmonised terminology) the risk mitigation measures taken around the globe in the combat to contain, and since March 11 2020, to limit the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus known to cause the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This overview gathers lessons learnt, providing an update on the current knowledge for authorities, sectors and first responders on the effectiveness of said measures, and may allow enhanced prevention, preparedness and response for future outbreaks. Various measures such as mobility restrictions, physical distancing, hygienic measures, socio-economic restrictions, communication and international support mechanisms have been clustered and are reviewed in terms of the nature of the actions taken and their qualitative early-perceived impact. At the time of writing, it is still too premature to express the quantitative effectiveness of each risk mitigation cluster, but it seems that the best mitigation results are reported when applying a combination of voluntary and enforceable measures."}, {"pmid": 32329275, "title": "[An analysis of global research on SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Longhao", "Li, Baihong", "Jia, Peng", "Pu, Jian", "Bai, Bei", "Li, Yin", "Zhu, Peijia", "Li, Lei", "Zeng, Guojun", "Zhao, Xin", "Dong, Shanshan", "Liu, Menghan", "Zhang, Nan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329275", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 has been spread to 26 countries around the world since its outbreak. By February 16, 2020, more than 68 000 people had been diagnosed with COVID-19. Researchers from all over the world have carried out timely studies on this public health emergency and produced a number of scientific publications. This review aims to re-analyze and summarize the current research findings in a timely manner to guide scholars in relevant fields to further SARS-CoV-2 research and assist healthcare professionals in their work and decision-making. The SARS-CoV-2 related terms were selected in both English and Chinese and were searched in several major databases, including Pubmed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases. The reference list of each search result was screened for relevance, which was further supplemented to the search results. The included studies were categorized by topics with key characteristics extracted, re-analyzed, and summarized. A total of 301 articles were finally included with 136 in Chinese and 165 in English. The number of publications has rapidly increased since mid-January, 2020, and a peak day was 6th February on which 50 articles were published. The top three countries publishing articles were China, the United States and the United Kingdom. The Lancet and its specialty journals have published the most articles, with contribution also from journals such as New England Journal of Medicine ( NEJM), The Journal of the American Medical Association ( JAMA), and Nature. All articles were categorized into epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and treatment, basic research, pregnant women and children, mental health, epidemic prevention & control, and others. The literatures related to SARS-CoV-2 are emerging rapidly. It is necessary to sort out and summarize the research topic in time, which has a good reference value for staff in different positions. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the judgment of the quality of literatures."}, {"pmid": 32408508, "title": "Spatio-Temporal Resource Mapping for Intensive Care Units at Regional Level for COVID-19 Emergency in Italy.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Guzzi, Pietro Hiram", "Tradigo, Giuseppe", "Veltri, Pierangelo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408508", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a worldwide emergency since it has rapidly spread from China to almost all the countries worldwide. Italy has been one of the most affected countries after China. North Italian regions, such as Lombardia and Veneto, had an abnormally large number of cases. COVID-19 patients management requires availability of sufficiently large number of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) beds. Resources shortening is a critical issue when the number of COVID-19 severe cases are higher than the available resources. This is also the case at a regional scale. We analysed Italian data at regional level with the aim to: (i) support health and government decision-makers in gathering rapid and efficient decisions on increasing health structures capacities (in terms of ICU slots) and (ii) define a geographic model to plan emergency and future COVID-19 patients management using reallocating them among health structures. Finally, we retain that the here proposed model can be also used in other countries."}, {"pmid": 32391671, "title": "[Pregnant women complicated with COVID-19: a clinical analysis of 3 cases].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Chen, Xu", "Li, Yang", "Wang, Jinxi", "Cai, Hongliu", "Cao, Hongcui", "Sheng, Jifang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391671", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women complicated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical data of 3 pregnant women with COVID-19 admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 19 to February 10, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There was one case in the first-trimester pregnancy (case 1), one in the second-trimester pregnancy (case 2) and one in third-trimester pregnancy (case 3). Cough, fever, fatigue, lung imaging changes were the main manifestations. The white cell count, lymphocyte percentage had no significantly changes in case 1 and case 3, while the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), IL-6 and IL-10 elevated. The lymphocyte count and lymphocyte percentage decreased and the inflammatory indicators significantly increased in case 2. All patients were treated with antiviral, antitussive, oxygen inhalation; case 3 received glucocorticoids, case 2 with severe illness received glucocorticoids and additionally gamma globulin. All three cases were cured and discharged. Case 1 with early pregnancy chose to terminate pregnancy after discharge; case 2 chose to continue pregnancy without obstetric complications; and case 3 had cesarean section delivery due to abnormal fetal heart monitoring. The report shows that COVID-19 in pregnancy women could be cured with active treatment, and the maternal and fetal outcomes can be satisfactory."}, {"pmid": 32487514, "title": "Covid-19: GPs angry they were not told about changes to shielding advice.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487514", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503793, "title": "Covid-19: democracy and hard choices in public health.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bell, David"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503793", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381552, "title": "Covid-19: Campaigner calls for national guidance to stop DNR orders being made without discussion with patients and families.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381552", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421090, "pmcid": "PMC7224090", "title": "Farm resilience in the face of the unexpected: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Darnhofer, Ika"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421090", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387019, "pmcid": "PMC7165092", "title": "Fellowship Training in Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology: Navigating the New Educational Landscape as a Result of the Coronavirus Crisis.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Al-Ghofaily, Lourdes", "Feinman, Jared W", "Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387019", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528732, "pmcid": "PMC7256035", "title": "Universal coronavirus vaccines: the time to start is now.", "journal": "NPJ Vaccines", "authors": ["Giurgea, Luca T", "Han, Alison", "Memoli, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528732", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The continued explosive spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) despite aggressive public health measures has triggered an unprecedented international vaccine effort. However, correlates of protection, which can help guide intelligent vaccine design, are not known for SARS-CoV-2. Research on influenza immunity and vaccine development may provide valuable lessons for coronavirus efforts, especially considering similarities in rapid evolutionary potential. The apparent inevitability of future novel coronavirus outbreaks must prompt work on a universal coronavirus vaccine."}, {"pmid": 32445904, "pmcid": "PMC7239778", "title": "Hyperactive Delirium Requires More Aggressive Management in Patients with COVID-19: Temporarily Rethinking \"Low and Slow\".", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Sanders, Barton J", "Bakar, Melissa", "Mehta, Sonal", "Reid, M Carrington", "Siegler, Eugenia L", "Abrams, Robert C", "Adelman, Ronald D", "Lachs, Mark S"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445904", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425243, "pmcid": "PMC7229448", "title": "American Association for Thoracic Surgery: Maintaining the Mission during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Moon, Marc R", "Jones, David R", "Adams, David H", "Starnes, Vaughn A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196430, "pmcid": "PMC7172701", "title": "Laboratory diagnosis of emerging human coronavirus infections - the state of the art.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Loeffelholz, Michael J", "Tang, Yi-Wei"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196430", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The three unprecedented outbreaks of emerging human coronavirus (HCoV) infections at the beginning of the twenty-first century have highlighted the necessity for readily available, accurate and fast diagnostic testing methods. The laboratory diagnostic methods for human coronavirus infections have evolved substantially, with the development of novel assays as well as the availability of updated tests for emerging ones. Newer laboratory methods are fast, highly sensitive and specific, and are gradually replacing the conventional gold standards. This presentation reviews the current laboratory methods available for testing coronaviruses by focusing on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak going on in Wuhan. Viral pneumonias typically do not result in the production of purulent sputum. Thus, a nasopharyngeal swab is usually the collection method used to obtain a specimen for testing. Nasopharyngeal specimens may miss some infections; a deeper specimen may need to be obtained by bronchoscopy. Alternatively, repeated testing can be used because over time, the likelihood of the SARS-CoV-2 being present in the nasopharynx increases. Several integrated, random-access, point-of-care molecular devices are currently under development for fast and accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. These assays are simple, fast and safe and can be used in the local hospitals and clinics bearing the burden of identifying and treating patients."}, {"pmid": 32320539, "title": "[The Catalan Society of Occupational Health(@SCSL) facing the big challenge of COVID-19].", "journal": "Arch Prev Riesgos Labor", "authors": ["Purti, Elisabeth", "Ingles, Joan", "De la Pena, Leyre", "Rodriguez, Maria Cruz", "Puiggene, Montserrat", "Bernad, Maria Carmen", "Calvet, Santiago", "Orriols, Rosa Maria", "Lopez, Begona", "Martinez, Encarna", "Torres, M Carmen", "Alonso, Sonia", "Ramada, Jose M"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320539", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463752, "title": "Patient safety reports round-up during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Tingle, John"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463752", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses some recent patient safety reports, revealing that patient safety concerns continue during the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32423285, "title": "Aggregate Prevalence of Chemosensory and Sinonasal Dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2 and Related Coronaviruses.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Lehrich, Brandon M", "Goshtasbi, Khodayar", "Raad, Richard A", "Ganti, Ashwin", "Papagiannopoulos, Peter", "Tajudeen, Bobby A", "Kuan, Edward C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423285", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Much of the published literature regarding the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) constitutes lower respiratory system symptomatology, while there exists a paucity of data describing the complicated sequelae of the upper respiratory system, including chemosensory and/or sinonasal dysfunction. This study utilized the National Library of Medicine's PubMed/MEDLINE database to query for articles describing COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and other coronaviruses, with any mention of smell, taste, or other chemosensory or sinonasal dysfunction. Aggregate analysis demonstrated an incidence of 49.6% (n = 497 of 1002; 95% CI, 46.5%-52.7%), 47.9% (n = 480 of 1002; 95% CI, 44.8%-51.0%), and 17.9% (n = 880 of 4909; 95% CI, 16.9%-19.0%) for smell loss, taste loss, and smell or taste loss, respectively, in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, there were significantly higher incidences of runny nose/rhinorrhea/rhinitis and nasal congestion/obstruction/blockage in other coronaviruses as compared with SARS-CoV-2 (P < .001). Understanding these less well-characterized symptoms may help develop measures for estimating early markers of disease prevalence and/or resolution. Level of evidence: 4."}, {"pmid": 32450054, "pmcid": "PMC7255125", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis for high-risk COVID-19 contacts in India: a prudent approach.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tilangi, Praveen", "Desai, Devashish", "Khan, Adil", "Soneja, Manish"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450054", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425662, "pmcid": "PMC7227535", "title": "Profiling COVID-19 pneumonia progressing into the cytokine storm syndrome: results from a single Italian Centre study on tocilizumab versus standard of care.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Quartuccio, Luca", "Sonaglia, Arianna", "McGonagle, Dennis", "Fabris, Martina", "Peghin, Maddalena", "Pecori, Davide", "Monte, Amato De", "Bove, Tiziana", "Curcio, Francesco", "Bassi, Flavio", "Vita, Salvatore De", "Tascini, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425662", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Approximately 5% of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develop a life-threatening pneumonia that often occurs in the setting of increased inflammation or \"cytokine storm\". Anti-cytokine treatments are being evaluated but optimal patient selection remains unclear, and the aim of our study is to address this point. Between February 29 to April 6, 2020, 111 consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were evaluated in a single centre retrospective study. Patients were divided in two groups: 42 severe cases (TOCI) with adverse prognostic features including raised CRP and IL-6 levels, who underwent anti-cytokine treatments, mostly tocilizumab, and 69 standard of care patients (SOC). In the TOCI group, all received anti-viral therapy and 40% also received glucocorticoids. In TOCI, 62% of cases were ventilated and there were 3 deaths (17.8\u2009\u00b1\u200910.6 days, mean follow up) with 7/26 cases remaining on ventilators, without improvement, and 17/26 developed bacterial superinfection. One fatality occurred in the 15 TOCI cases treated on noninvasive ventilation and 1 serious bacterial superinfection. Of the 69 cases in SOC, there was no fatalities and no bacterial complications. The TOCI group had higher baseline CRP and IL-6 elevations (p\u2009<\u20090.0001 for both) and higher neutrophils and lower lymphocyte levels (p\u2009=\u20090.04 and p\u2009=\u20090.001, respectively) with the TOCI ventilated patients having higher markers than non-ventilated TOCI patients. Higher inflammatory markers, more infections and worse outcomes characterized ventilated TOCI cases compared to ward based TOCI. Despite the confounding factors, this suggests that therapy time in anti-cytokine randomized trials will be key."}, {"pmid": 32266990, "pmcid": "PMC7262187", "title": "Analyzing situational awareness through public opinion to predict adoption of social distancing amid pandemic COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Qazi, Atika", "Qazi, Javaria", "Naseer, Khulla", "Zeeshan, Muhammad", "Hardaker, Glenn", "Maitama, Jaafar Zubairu", "Haruna, Khalid"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266990", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 100 countries in a matter of weeks. People's response toward social distancing in the emerging pandemic is uncertain. In this study, we evaluated the influence of information (formal and informal) sources on situational awareness of the public for adopting health-protective behaviors such as social distancing. For this purpose, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. The hypothesis proposed suggests that adoption of social distancing practices is an outcome of situational awareness which is achieved by the information sources. Results suggest that information sources, formal (P\u2009=\u2009.001) and informal (P\u2009=\u20090.007) were found to be significantly related to perceived understanding. Findings also indicate that social distancing is significantly influenced by situational awareness, P\u2009=\u2009.000. It can, therefore, be concluded that an increase in situational awareness in times of public health crisis using formal information sources can significantly increase the adoption of protective health behavior and in turn contain the spread of infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32528785, "pmcid": "PMC7282355", "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Mimicking as Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an Inmate.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Akbar, Hina", "Kahloon, Rehan", "Akbar, Sobia", "Kahloon, Arslan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528785", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging global infectious disease with emerging medical knowledge.\u00a0Clinical presentation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is very variable\u00a0amongst patients, and the literature about unusual\u00a0presentations is growing rapidly.\u00a0This lack of knowledge leads to diagnostic, therapeutic, and management challenges in such\u00a0patients. Here, we describe a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a low prevalence area which was initially diagnosed and managed as pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in a high-risk inmate population. These ambiguous presentations can lead to mismanagement of such patients resulting in potentially fatal outcomes and public health crises in confined facilities. This also highlights the significance of a high index of clinical suspicion for SARS-CoV-2 especially in high risk and vulnerable populations."}, {"pmid": 32397512, "title": "The Endless Challenges of Arboviral Diseases in Brazil.", "journal": "Trop Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Magalhaes, Tereza", "Chalegre, Karlos Diogo M", "Braga, Cynthia", "Foy, Brian D"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397512", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this Editorial, we list and discuss some of the main challenges faced by the population and public health authorities in Brazil concerning arbovirus infections, including the occurrence of concurrent epidemics like the ongoing SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32229768, "pmcid": "PMC7202113", "title": "COVID-19: response plan for International Medical Assistance companies.", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Duchateau, Francois-Xavier", "Ramin, Geoffrey", "Lepetit, Anne"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229768", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530526, "title": "COVID-19 and Immigrants' Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in the United States.", "journal": "Perspect Sex Reprod Health", "authors": ["Desai, Sheila", "Samari, Goleen"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530526", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366775, "pmcid": "PMC7202101", "title": "Assessing Operating Room Preparedness for COVID-19 Patients through In-Situ Simulations.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Tong, Qian Jun", "Chai, Jia Xin", "Tan, Li Hoon", "Singh, Prit", "Ong, Lay Teng", "Wu, Margie Yl", "Ng, Louis X L"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366775", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474009, "pmcid": "PMC7256510", "title": "COVID-19: Transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Lotfi, Melika", "Hamblin, Michael R", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474009", "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a global challenge. Despite intense research efforts worldwide, an effective vaccine and viable treatment options have eluded investigators. Therefore, infection prevention, early viral detection and identification of successful treatment protocols provide the best approach in controlling disease spread. In this review, current therapeutic options, preventive methods and transmission routes of COVID-19 are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32485979, "title": "Sociodemographic Predictors of Health Risk Perception, Attitude and Behavior Practices Associated with Health-Emergency Disaster Risk Management for Biological Hazards: The Case of COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong, SAR China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Chan, Emily Ying Yang", "Huang, Zhe", "Lo, Eugene Siu Kai", "Hung, Kevin Kei Ching", "Wong, Eliza Lai Yi", "Wong, Samuel Yeung Shan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485979", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In addition to top-down Health-Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health-EDRM) efforts, bottom-up individual and household measures are crucial for prevention and emergency response of the COVID-19 pandemic, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). There is limited scientific evidence of the knowledge, perception, attitude and behavior patterns of the urban population. A computerized randomized digital dialing, cross-sectional, population landline-based telephone survey was conducted from 22 March to 1 April 2020 in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Data were collected for socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and risk perception, and various self-reported Health-EDRM behavior patterns associated with COVID-19. The final study sample was 765. Although the respondents thought that individuals (68.6%) had similar responsibilities as government (67.5%) in infection control, less than 50% had sufficient health risk management knowledge to safeguard health and well-being. Among the examined Health-EDRM measures, significant differences were found between attitude and practice in regards to washing hands with soap, ordering takeaways, wearing masks, avoidance of visiting public places or using public transport, and travel avoidance to COVID-19-confirmed regions. Logistic regression indicated that the elderly were less likely to worry about infection with COVID-19. Compared to personal and household hygiene practices, lower compliance was found for public social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32445430, "title": "Response to \"SARS-CoV-2 Testing and Outcomes in the First 30 Days after the First Case of COVID-19 at an Australian Children's Hospital\".", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["Phakey, Akshay", "Gabbie, Susie"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445430", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246431, "pmcid": "PMC7124129", "title": "Clear plastic drapes may be effective at limiting aerosolization and droplet spray during extubation: implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Matava, Clyde T", "Yu, Julie", "Denning, Simon"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246431", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243297, "pmcid": "PMC7173023", "title": "Coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2: A Brief Overview.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Ludwig, Stephan", "Zarbock, Alexander"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243297", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019 several cases of pneumonia of unknown origin were reported from China, which in early January 2020 were announced to be caused by a novel coronavirus. The virus was later denominated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and defined as the causal agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite massive attempts to contain the disease in China, the virus has spread globally, and COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Here we provide a short background on coronaviruses and describe in more detail the novel SARS-CoV-2 and attempts to identify effective therapies against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32503829, "title": "COVID-19 Incidentally Detected on PET/CT During Work-up for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Mo, Allen", "Brodin, N Patrik", "Tome, Wolfgang A", "Garg, Madhur K", "Kabarriti, Rafi"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503829", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the incidental detection of COVID-19 disease on positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in a patient with cancer despite initial negative swab by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical and radiographic data were obtained from the electronic medical record. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained and evaluated for COVID-19 by the Food and Drug Administration-approved reverse transcription-PCR assays. On radiographic examination, PET/CT was consistent with COVID-19-related pneumonia not seen on prior imaging. Initial nasopharyngeal swab 2 days after PET/CT imaging was negative for COVID-19. Subsequent repeat swab 10 days later was positive for COVID-19, while the patient was febrile on screening assessment. The patient remained COVID-19-positive until 1 month after abnormal PET/CT imaging. PET/CT can be sensitive for early COVID-19 detection, even in the setting of a negative confirmatory PCR test. This highlights the importance of continued patient surveillance and use of appropriate personal protective equipment to minimize COVID-19 transmission."}, {"pmid": 32383321, "pmcid": "PMC7267344", "title": "Considerations for performing immediate breast reconstruction during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Breast J", "authors": ["Salgarello, Marzia", "Adesi, Liliana Barone", "Visconti, Giuseppe", "Pagliara, Domenico Maria", "Mangialardi, Maria Lucia"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383321", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448783, "title": "Impact of delayed diagnoses at the time of COVID-19: increased rate of preventable bilateral blindness in giant cell arteritis.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Delvino, Paolo", "Bellis, Elisa", "Milanesi, Alessandra", "Brandolino, Fabio", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448783", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240428, "pmcid": "PMC7114952", "title": "Achieve Research Continuity During Social Distancing by Rapidly Implementing Individual and Group Videoconferencing with Participants: Key Considerations, Best Practices, and Protocols.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Marhefka, Stephanie", "Lockhart, Elizabeth", "Turner, DeAnne"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240428", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus has upended many traditional research procedures as universities and other research entities have closed to activate social distancing. Some social and behavioral research activities (e.g. data analysis, manuscript preparation) can be continued from other environments with appropriate security protocols in place. For studies involving in-person interactions, continuity may be more difficult. Phone-based interactions provide a low-tech solution that may suffice in some cases. Yet, videoconferencing platforms can nearly replicate in-person interactions, activating both auditory and visual senses and potentially resulting in more substantial engagement. Staff can meet with participants individually or in groups, each seeing and hearing one another in real time. This paper provides guidance for researchers transitioning in-person assessments and interventions to a synchronous videoconferencing platform. Best practices, key considerations, examples from the field, and sample protocols are presented to ease transition for ongoing studies and maximize the potential of videoconferencing-and social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32472685, "title": "Ventilated Upper Airway Endoscopic Endonasal Procedure Mask: Surgical Safety in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)", "authors": ["Helman, Samuel N", "Soriano, Roberto M", "Tomov, Martin L", "Serpooshan, Vahid", "Levy, Joshua M", "Pradilla, Gustavo", "Solares, C Arturo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 poses a risk to the endoscopic skull base surgeon. Significant efforts to improving safety have been employed, including the use of personal protective equipment, preoperative COVID-19 testing, and recently the use of a modified surgical mask barrier. To reduce the risks of pathogen transmission during endoscopic skull base surgery. This study was exempt from Institutional Review Board approval. Our study utilizes a 3-dimensional (3D)-printed mask with an anterior aperture fitted with a surgical glove with ports designed to allow for surgical instrumentation and side ports to accommodate suction ventilation and an endotracheal tube. As an alternative, a modified laparoscopic surgery trocar served as a port for instruments, and, on the contralateral side, rubber tubing was used over the endoscrub endosheath to create an airtight seal. Surgical freedom and aerosolization were tested in both modalities. The ventilated mask allowed for excellent surgical maneuverability and freedom. The trocar system was effective for posterior surgical procedures, allowing access to critical paramedian structures, and afforded a superior surgical seal, but was limited in terms of visualization and maneuverability during anterior approaches. Aerosolization was reduced using both the mask and nasal trocar. The ventilated upper airway endoscopic procedure mask allows for a sealed surgical barrier during endoscopic skull base surgery and may play a critical role in advancing skull base surgery in the COVID-19 era. The nasal trocar may be a useful alternative in instances where 3D printing is not available. Additional studies are needed to validate these preliminary findings."}, {"pmid": 32298273, "pmcid": "PMC7161957", "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 expression of maternal-fetal interface and fetal organs by single-cell transcriptome study.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Li, Mengmeng", "Chen, Liang", "Zhang, Jingxiao", "Xiong, Chenglong", "Li, Xiangjie"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298273", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new type of pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has been declared as a global public health concern by WHO. As of April 3, 2020, more than 1,000,000 human infections have been diagnosed around the world, which exhibited apparent person-to-person transmission characteristics of this virus. The capacity of vertical transmission in SARS-CoV-2 remains controversial recently. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is now confirmed as the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 and plays essential roles in human infection and transmission. In present study, we collected the online available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data to evaluate the cell specific expression of ACE2 in maternal-fetal interface as well as in multiple fetal organs. Our results revealed that ACE2 was highly expressed in maternal-fetal interface cells including stromal cells and perivascular cells of decidua, and cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast in placenta. Meanwhile, ACE2 was also expressed in specific cell types of human fetal heart, liver and lung, but not in kidney. And in a study containing series fetal and post-natal mouse lung, we observed ACE2 was dynamically changed over the time, and ACE2 was extremely high in neonatal mice at post-natal day 1~3. In summary, this study revealed that the SARS-CoV-2 receptor was widely spread in specific cell types of maternal-fetal interface and fetal organs. And thus, both the vertical transmission and the placenta dysfunction/abortion caused by SARS-CoV-2 need to be further carefully investigated in clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32219885, "pmcid": "PMC7228231", "title": "Stability issues of RT-PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2 for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Yafang", "Yao, Lin", "Li, Jiawei", "Chen, Lei", "Song, Yiyan", "Cai, Zhifang", "Yang, Chunhua"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219885", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, we collected a total of 610 hospitalized patients from Wuhan between February 2, 2020, and February 17, 2020. We reported a potentially high false negative rate of real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 in the 610 hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19 during the 2019 outbreak. We also found that the RT-PCR results from several tests at different points were variable from the same patients during the course of diagnosis and treatment of these patients. Our results indicate that in addition to the emphasis on RT-PCR testing, clinical indicators such as computed tomography images should also be used not only for diagnosis and treatment but also for isolation, recovery/discharge, and transferring for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19 during the current epidemic. These results suggested the urgent needs for the standard of procedures of sampling from different anatomic sites, sample transportation, optimization of RT-PCR, serology diagnosis/screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and distinct diagnosis from other respiratory diseases such as fluenza infections as well."}, {"pmid": 32375914, "pmcid": "PMC7264447", "title": "Transition to Virtual Learning During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Crisis in Iran: Opportunity Or Challenge?", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Ahmady, Soleiman", "Shahbazi, Sara", "Heidari, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375914", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a respiratory disease that can spread from one person to person. This virus is a novel coronavirus that was first identified during an investigation into an outbreak in Wuhan, China. Iran's novel coronavirus cases reached 17,361 on 17 March, while death toll reached approximately 1,135. Its first death was officially announced on 20 February 2020 in Qom. The 2019 coronavirus pandemic has affected educational systems around the world, Also in Iran, and led to the closure of face to face courses in schools and universities. Therefore, virtual education can be seen as a turning point in education of these days in Iran."}, {"pmid": 32462787, "title": "Accrual, Publication Bias, and the Coronavirus in 2020.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Bates, Susan E"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462787", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471513, "pmcid": "PMC7256340", "title": "Psychological status and behavior changes of the public during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.", "journal": "Infect Dis Poverty", "authors": ["Liu, Xi", "Luo, Wen-Tao", "Li, Ying", "Li, Chun-Na", "Hong, Zhong-Si", "Chen, Hui-Li", "Xiao, Fei", "Xia, Jin-Yu"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471513", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of pneumonia cases were reported by Wuhan Municipal Health Commission, China in December 2019. A novel coronavirus was eventually identified, and became the COVID-19 epidemic that affected public health and life. We investigated the psychological status and behavior changes of the general public in China from January 30 to February 3, 2020. Respondents were recruited via social media (WeChat) and completed an online questionnaire. We used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Self-rating Depression Scale, and Symptom Checklist-90 to evaluate psychological status. We also investigated respondents' behavior changes. Quantitative data were analyzed by t-tests or analysis of variance, and classified data were analyzed with chi-square tests. In total, 608 valid questionnaires were obtained. More respondents had state anxiety than trait anxiety (15.8% vs 4.0%). Depression was found among 27.1% of respondents and 7.7% had psychological abnormalities. About 10.1% of respondents suffered from phobia. Our analysis of the relationship between subgroup characteristics and psychological status showed that age, gender, knowledge about COVID-19, degree of worry about epidemiological infection, and confidence about overcoming the outbreak significantly influenced psychological status. Around 93.3% of respondents avoided going to public places and almost all respondents reduced Spring Festival-related activities. At least 70.9% of respondents chose to take three or more preventive measures to avoid infection. The three most commonly used prevention measures were making fewer trips outside and avoiding contact (98.0%), wearing a mask (83.7%), and hand hygiene (82.4%). We need to pay more attention to public psychological stress, especially among young people, as they are likely to experience anxiety, depression, and psychological abnormalities. Different psychological interventions could be formulated according to the psychological characteristics of different gender and age groups. The majority of respondents followed specific behaviors required by the authorities, but it will take time to observe the effects of these behaviors on the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32277726, "pmcid": "PMC7262086", "title": "COVID-19: How Can Rural Community Pharmacies Respond to the Outbreak?", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Adunlin, Georges", "Murphy, Pilar Z", "Manis, Melanie"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277726", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336686, "title": "Do Not Neglect the Children: Considerations for COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Naseri, Amirreza", "Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336686", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528818, "pmcid": "PMC7282419", "title": "Detection of Novel Coronavirus on the Surface of Environmental Materials Contaminated by COVID-19 Patients in the Republic of Korea.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "authors": ["Lee, Sang-Eun", "Lee, Deog-Yong", "Lee, Wook-Gyo", "Kang, ByeongHak", "Jang, Yoon Suk", "Ryu, Boyeong", "Lee, SeungJae", "Bahk, Hyunjung", "Lee, Eungyu"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528818", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces frequently touched by COVID-19 patients, and assess the scope of contamination and transmissibility in facilities where the outbreaks occurred. In the course of this epidemiological investigation, a total of 80 environmental specimens were collected from 6 hospitals (68 specimens) and 2 \"mass facilities\" (6 specimens from a rehabilitation center and 6 specimens from an apartment building complex). Specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction targeting of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and envelope genes, were used to identify the presence of this novel coronavirus. The 68 specimens from 6 hospitals (A, B, C, D, E, and G), where prior disinfection/cleaning had been performed before environmental sampling, tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. However, 2 out of 12 specimens (16.7%) from 2 \"mass facilities\" (F and H), where prior disinfection/cleaning had not taken place, were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase, and envelope genes. These results suggest that prompt disinfection and cleaning of potentially contaminated surfaces is an effective infection control measure. By inactivating SARS-CoV-2 with disinfection/cleaning the infectivity and transmission of the virus is blocked. This investigation of environmental sampling may help in the understanding of risk assessment of the COVID-19 outbreak in \"mass facilities\" and provide guidance in using effective disinfectants on contaminated surfaces."}, {"pmid": 32427498, "title": "Addressing international student mental health during COVID-19: an imperative overdue.", "journal": "Australas Psychiatry", "authors": ["King, Joel A", "Cabarkapa, Sonja", "Leow, Fiona Hp", "Ng, Chee H"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427498", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452410, "pmcid": "PMC7192122", "title": "Association of viral load with serum biomakers among COVID-19 cases.", "journal": "Virology", "authors": ["Shi, Fengjuan", "Wu, Tao", "Zhu, Xiaojuan", "Ge, Yiyue", "Zeng, Xiaoyan", "Chi, Ying", "Du, Xuefei", "Zhu, Liguo", "Zhu, Fengcai", "Zhu, Baoli", "Cui, Lunbiao", "Wu, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452410", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since SARS-CoV-2 spreads rapidly around the world, data have been needed on the natural fluctuation of viral load and clinical indicators associated with it. We measured and compared viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 from pharyngeal swab, IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2, CRP and SAA from serum of 114 COVID-19 patients on admission. Positive rates of IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2, CRP and SAA were 80.7%, 36% and 75.4% respectively. Among IgM-positive patients, viral loads showed different trends among cases with different severity, While viral loads of IgM-negative patients tended to increase along with the time after onset. As the worsening of severity, the positive rates of CRP and SAA also showed trends of increase. Different CRP/SAA type showed associations with viral loads in patients in different severity and different time after onset. Combination of the IgM and CRP/SAA with time after onset and severity may give suggestions on the viral load and condition judgment of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32496988, "title": "A Deep Neural Network to Distinguish COVID-19 from other Chest Diseases using X-ray Images.", "journal": "Curr Med Imaging", "authors": ["Albahli, Saleh"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496988", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Scanning patient's lungs to detect a Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to similar imaging with other chest diseases that strongly requires a multidisciplinary approach to confirm the diagnosis. There are only few works targeted pathological x-ray images. Most of the works targeted only single disease detection which is not good enough. Some works have provided for all classes however the results suffer due to lack of data for rare classes and data unbalancing problem. Due to arise of COVID-19 virus medical facilities of many countries are overwhelmed and there is a need of intelligent system to detect it. There have been few works regarding detection of the coronavirus but there are many cases where it can be misclassified as some techniques do not provide any goodness if it can only identify type of diseases and ignore the rest. This work is a deep learning-based model to distinguish between cases of COVID-19 from other chest diseases which is need of today. A Deep Neural Network model provides a significant contribution in terms of detecting COVID-19 and provide effective analysis of chest related diseases with respect to age and gender. Our model achieves 87% accuracy in terms of Gan based synthetic data and four different types of deep learning- based models which provided state of the art comparable results. If the gap in identifying of all viral pneumonias is not filled with effective automation of chest disease detection the healthcare industry may have to bear unfavorable circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32393504, "title": "Covid-19: Known risk factors fail to explain the increased risk of death among people from ethnic minorities.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393504", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380869, "title": "Criminal Justice-Involved Women Navigate COVID-19: Notes From the Field.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Ramaswamy, Megha", "Hemberg, Jordana", "Faust, Alexandra", "Wickliffe, Joi", "Comfort, Megan", "Lorvick, Jennifer", "Cropsey, Karen"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380869", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March-April, 2020, we communicated with a cohort of criminal justice-involved (CJI) women to see how they were navigating COVID-19, chronic illness, homelessness, and shelter-in-place orders in Oakland, Birmingham, and Kansas City. We report on conversations with N = 35 women (out of the cohort of 474 women) and our own observations from ongoing criminal justice involvement studies. Women reported barriers to protecting themselves given widespread unstable housing and complex health needs, though many tried to follow COVID-19 prevention recommendations. Women expressed dissatisfaction with the suspension of research activities, as the pandemic contributed to a heightened need for study incentives, such as cash, emotional support, and other resources. COVID-19 is illuminating disparities between those who can follow recommended actions to prevent infection and those who lack resources to do so. Concerted efforts are required to reduce inequities that put the 1.3 million U.S. women under criminal justice supervision at risk for infection and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32421857, "title": "Novel outbreak of acral lesions in times of COVID-19: A description of 74 cases from a tertiary university hospital in Spain.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Saenz Aguirre, A", "De la Torre Gomar, F J", "Roses-Gibert, P", "Gimeno Castillo, J", "Martinez de Lagran Alvarez de Arcaya, Z", "Gonzalez-Perez, R"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421857", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), reports concerning suspicious COVID-19 skin manifestations are progressively increasing. Morbilliform, varicelliform or urticarial rashes were firstly described1 . Later, acral erythematous or purpuric lesions2-4 were reported."}, {"pmid": 32448759, "pmcid": "PMC7207142", "title": "COVID-19: Unique public health issues facing Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities.", "journal": "Curr Probl Cardiol", "authors": ["Abuelgasim, Eyad", "Saw, Li Jing", "Shirke, Manasi", "Zeinah, Mohamed", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448759", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease is a serious public health emergency, with serious adverse implications for populations, healthcare systems, and economies globally. Recently, concerns have been raised about possible\u00a0association between ethnicity, incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 arisen from early government data. In this review, we will explore the possible association using both recent COVID-19 studies and studies of previous pandemics. We call for data on ethnicity to be routinely collected by governments, as part of an international collaboration, alongside other patient demographics and further research to robustly determine the magnitude of association. Moreover, governments must learn from previous pandemics and recommended strategies to mitigate risks on minority ethnicities due to socioeconomic disadvantages."}, {"pmid": 32407135, "title": "Will There Be an Epidemic of Corollary Illnesses Linked to a COVID-19-Related Recession?", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Brenner, M Harvey"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407135", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360979, "pmcid": "PMC7189860", "title": "Sedation for critically ill patients with COVID-19: Which specificities? One size does not fit all.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Payen, Jean-Francois", "Chanques, Gerald", "Futier, Emmanuel", "Velly, Lionel", "Jaber, Samir", "Constantin, Jean-Michel"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360979", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419998, "pmcid": "PMC7226655", "title": "Clinical Considerations in Neurosurgical Radiosurgery in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Pannullo, Susan C", "Chidambaram, Swathi", "Brandmaier, Andrew", "Knisely, Jonathan", "Adler, John R Jr"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting all aspects of the healthcare ecosystem, including administration of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The clinical and logistical challenges created by the COVID-19 public health crisis are clear, but the solutions to these issues are less readily apparent. The goal of this work is to use our experience at a large, academic medical center as a lens for interpreting the many looming issues specific to radiosurgery and its role in the treatment of brain and spine disorders. While the full impact of the pandemic remains to be seen, the aim of this paper is to provide a structural framework to optimize delivery of neurosurgically oriented radiosurgery with proposed clinical workflow strategies. Innovative solutions to the current pandemic crisis affecting the healthcare ecosystem will be driven by increased interdisciplinary and global dialogue."}, {"pmid": 32342336, "pmcid": "PMC7186114", "title": "Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in Chronic Kidney Disease.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Feng, Shipin", "Xie, Min", "Luo, Wei", "Wang, Li", "Guo, Limin", "Wu, Ying", "Liu, Jun", "Duan, Qinwei", "Yang, Qin", "Li, Jia", "Liu, Xi", "Zhu, Rong"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32248864, "pmcid": "PMC7167489", "title": "Reducing hand recontamination of healthcare workers during COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Gon, Giorgia", "Dancer, Stephanie", "Dreibelbis, Robert", "Graham, Wendy J", "Kilpatrick, Claire"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248864", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335559, "title": "Neonatal Resuscitation Where the Mother Has a Suspected or Confirmed Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: Suggestion for a Pragmatic Action Plan.", "journal": "Neonatology", "authors": ["Trevisanuto, Daniele", "Moschino, Laura", "Doglioni, Nicoletta", "Roehr, Charles Christoph", "Gervasi, Maria Teresa", "Baraldi, Eugenio"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335559", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, is rapidly spreading across the world. As the number of infections increases, those of infected pregnant women and children will rise as well. Controversy exists whether COVID-19 can be transmitted in utero and lead to disease in the newborn. As this chance cannot be ruled out, strict instructions for the management of mothers and newborn infants are mandatory. This perspective aims to be a practical support tool for the planning of delivery and neonatal resuscitation of infants born by mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32268018, "title": "[Analysis of medication characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine in treating coronavirus disease-19 based on data mining].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Fan, Tiantian", "Chen, Yongcan", "Bai, Yu", "Ma, Fengqi", "Wang, Hengcang", "Yang, Yiping", "Chen, Jinxu", "Lin, Yuqi"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268018", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analysis the medication characteristics of the prescriptions issued via open channel by the National and Provincial Health Committee and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We collected the data of traditional Chinese medicine related to treatment plans published by the National and Provincial Health Committee and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine from the start of COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan to February 19, 2020. The frequency analysis, cluster analysis and correlation analysis were performed. The study collected 4 national and 34 regional prevention and treatment plans, 578 items, 84 traditional Chinese formulations, 60 Chinese patent medicines, and 230 Chinese herbs. The high frequently used herbs were Liquorice, Scutellariabaicalensis, Semen armeniacaeamarae, and Gypsum. The commonly used traditional formulations included Maxing Shigan Decoction, Yin Qiao Powder, and Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction. The Chinese patent drugs included Angong Niuhuang Pill, Xuebijing Injection, and Lianhua Qingwen Capsule. The most common paired medications were Ephedra and Semen armeniacaeamarae, Fructusforsythiae and Liquorice. Two core combinations and one novel formula were discovered in the study. Yin Qiao Powder and Huopo Xialing Decoction are the basic formulations for Weifen syndrome of COVID-19. In addition, Maxing Shigan Decoction, Liang Ge Powder, Qingwen Baidu Decoction and Da Yuan Decoction are the basic formulations for Qifen syndrome of COVID-19. The main medication characteristics are clearing heat, entilating lung, removing toxicity and removing turbidity. It shows that removing toxicity and eliminating evil are the prescription thought in treating epidemic disease of traditional Chinese medicine."}, {"pmid": 32502434, "pmcid": "PMC7266603", "title": "COVID-19 and the US health insurance conundrum.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["The Lancet Oncology"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502434", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328736, "pmcid": "PMC7179371", "title": "No adequate evidence indicating hypertension as an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severity.", "journal": "Clin Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Li, Gerui", "Li, Hang", "Lu, Jinping"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328736", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484225, "title": "Measures to Limit COVID-19 Outbreak Effects Among Military Personnel: Preliminary Data.", "journal": "Mil Med", "authors": ["Segal, David", "Rotschield, Jacob", "Ankory, Ran", "Kutikov, Sergey", "Moaddi, Bian", "Verhovsky, Guy", "Benov, Avi", "Twig, Gilad", "Glassberg, Elon", "Fink, Noam", "Bader, Tarif", "Karp, Erez"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484225", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak posed a threat to the readiness of military forces as well as their ability to fulfill missions. Seeing that military forces have been encountering similar challenges, we found it eminent to share the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) Northern Command's (NC) preliminary experience. We retrospectively summarized the actions that were taken by our team, focusing on 18 battalions at the Israeli NC. These actions included promoting a series of organizational changes in terms of social distancing and medical regulations as well as working to strengthen medical leadership through designated video meetings with medical commanders across our organization. Meetings included relevant clinical education, updates, and leadership building. These actions and others were aimed to increase our influence on the decision-making processes. While we conducted real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction SARS-CoV-2 laboratory tests for soldiers who were suspected to have COVID-19 (those presenting with compatible signs and symptoms after having been exposed to a confirmed COVID-19 patient), we were not able to screen healthy populations, nor did we have serum antibody serologic tests available during the study period. We reviewed the COVID-19 outbreak national data, obtained from Ministry of Health publishings and the IDF databases. Data were included from February 26th, 2020 (day 0, first COVID-19 patient in Israel) to April 19th, 2020 (day 53, about 1 month after most of the COVID-19 regulation were issued in the NC). The mean age of the battalion soldiers was 21.29\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.06 (range 18-50), 81.34% male. Most restrictions were issued on day 18. On day 53, 98.85% of the personnel in the battalions were kept active and asymptomatic in their units. Despite the limited availability of laboratory testing for COVID-19 our actions enabled us to lead a strict risk-management policy while maintaining most of the available workforce."}, {"pmid": 32514431, "pmcid": "PMC7273734", "title": "Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Working Party guidelines on IBD management during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "JGH Open", "authors": ["Ling, Khoon Lin", "Hilmi, Ida", "Raja Ali, Raja Affendi", "Leong, Rupert W L", "Leung, Wai Keung", "Ng, Siew Chien", "Wu, Kai Chun", "Chen, Min Hu", "Ran, Zhi Hua", "Hisamatsu, Tadakazu", "Ahuja, Vineet", "Makharia, Govind K", "Banerjee, Rupa", "Wei, Shu Chen", "Wu, Deng Chyang", "Pisespongsa, Pises", "Ye, Byong Duk", "Sollano, Jose", "Simadibrata, Marcellus", "Chuah, Sai Wei", "Ooi, Choon Jin"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514431", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, secondary to SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in high mortality and morbidity worldwide. As inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease, and most patients are on long-term immunosuppressive agents, there is understandable concern, particularly in terms of therapy. In view of this, experts in IBD across the Asia Pacific region were invited to put together recommendations based on their experience and the currently available data. In general, most IBD therapies (with a few exceptions) can be continued safely, and the general consensus is that maintaining disease control should remain the main principle of management. In addition, social distancing measures and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment should be strictly adhered to. During the current pandemic, face-to-face clinic follow ups and non-urgent procedures should be kept to a minimum."}, {"pmid": 32302955, "pmcid": "PMC7194834", "title": "Clinical characteristics and risk assessment of newborns born to mothers with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Yang, Pu", "Wang, Xia", "Liu, Pin", "Wei, Cong", "He, Bingyan", "Zheng, Junwen", "Zhao, Dongchi"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302955", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and other international areas. Here, we report the clinical characteristics of the newborns delivered by SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women. We prospectively collected and analyzed the clinical features, laboratory data and outcomes of 7 newborns delivered by SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University during January 20 to January 29, 2020. 4 of the 7 newborns were late preterm with gestational age between 36 weeks and 37 weeks, and the other 3 were full-term infants. The average birth weight was 2096\u2009\u00b1\u2009660\u2009g. All newborns were born without asphyxia. 2 premature infants performed mild grunting after birth, but relieved rapidly with non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) ventilation. 3 cases had chest X-ray, 1 was normal and 2 who were supported by nCPAP presented mild neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Samples of pharyngeal swab in 6 cases, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood in 4 cases were tested by qRT-PCR, and there was no positive result of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in all cases. The current data show that the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in late pregnant women does not cause adverse outcomes in their newborns, however, it is necessary to separate newborns from mothers immediately to avoid the potential threats."}, {"pmid": 32294718, "title": "Presentation of pulmonary infection on CT in COVID-19: initial experience in Brazil.", "journal": "J Bras Pneumol", "authors": ["Chate, Rodrigo Caruso", "Fonseca, Eduardo Kaiser Ururahy Nunes", "Passos, Rodrigo Bastos Duarte", "Teles, Gustavo Borges da Silva", "Shoji, Hamilton", "Szarf, Gilberto"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294718", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The disease caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), designated COVID-19, emerged in late 2019 in China, in the city of Wuhan (Hubei province), and showed exponential growth in that country. It subsequently spread to all continents, and infection with SARS-CoV-2 is now classified as a pandemic. Given the magnitude achieved, scientific interest in COVID-19 has also grown in the international literature, including its manifestations on imaging studies, particularly on CT. To date, no case series have been published in Brazil. Therefore, our objective was to describe the CT findings in an initial series of 12 patients."}, {"pmid": 32330970, "title": "Successful Treatment of Preterm Labor in Association with Acute COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Browne, Paul C", "Linfert, Jennifer B", "Perez-Jorge, Emilio"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330970", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection occurring during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery. This case report describes successful treatment of preterm labor during acute COVID-19 infection. Standard treatment for preterm labor may allow patients with acute COVID-19 infection to recover without the need for preterm delivery. KEY POINTS: \u00b7 Acute COVID-19 infection is associated with a high rate of preterm delivery.. \u00b7 Standard treatment for preterm labor such as intravenous magnesium sulfate, antepartum steroid therapy and antibiotic prophylaxis for group B streptococcus infection were effective in this patient.. \u00b7 In the absence of maternal or fetal compromise, acute COVID-19 infection is not an indication for early elective delivery.."}, {"pmid": 32472634, "title": "Increased Flare of Acne Caused by Long-Time Mask Wearing During COVID-19 Pandemic among General Population.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Han, Changxu", "Shi, Jialiang", "Chen, Yan", "Zhang, Zhenying"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472634", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232651, "pmcid": "PMC7104420", "title": "Facing the COVID-19 emergency: we can and we do.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Giovagnoni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232651", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525803, "title": "The patient-urologist relationship in the COVID-19 era and beyond.", "journal": "Can Urol Assoc J", "authors": ["Patel, Hiren V", "Srivastava, Arnav", "Tabakin, Alexandra L", "Jang, Thomas L", "Singer, Eric A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525803", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516503, "title": "ITP flare with mild COVID-19 infection in pregnancy: A case report.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Nesr, George", "Garnett, Catherine", "Bailey, Chris", "Arami, Siamak"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516503", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third zoonotic coronavirus to be identified in humans during the twenty-first century, after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)(Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy,of Viruses, 2020). The resultant disease, Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) (WHO, 2020), was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China (WHO, 2020) and rapidly evolved into a pandemic (WHO, 2020) within months. In the UK, the first confirmed case was identified in late January 2020 and the first COVID-19 related death was recorded in March 2020 (UK Government, 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32452123, "pmcid": "PMC7267084", "title": "Children with cancer in the time of COVID-19: An 8-week report from the six pediatric onco-hematology centers in Lombardia, Italy.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Ferrari, Andrea", "Zecca, Marco", "Rizzari, Carmelo", "Porta, Fulvio", "Provenzi, Massimo", "Marinoni, Maddalena", "Schumacher, Richard Fabian", "Luksch, Roberto", "Terenziani, Monica", "Casanova, Michela", "Spreafico, Filippo", "Chiaravalli, Stefano", "Compagno, Francesca", "Bruni, Federica", "Piccolo, Chiara", "Bettini, Laura", "D'Angio, Mariella", "Ferrari, Giulia Maria", "Biondi, Andrea", "Massimino, Maura", "Balduzzi, Adriana"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452123", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440386, "pmcid": "PMC7237057", "title": "Disease Site-Specific Guidelines for Curative Radiation Treatment During 'Limited Surgery' and 'Hospital Avoidance': A Radiation Oncology Perspective From the Epicenter of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Parashar, Bhupesh", "Chen, William C", "Herman, Joseph M", "Potters, Louis"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440386", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented situation where the standard of care (SOC) management for cancers has been altered significantly. Patients with potentially curable cancers are at risk of not receiving timely SOC multidisciplinary treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or combination treatments. Hospital resources are in such high demand for COVID-19 patients that procedures, such as surgery, dentistry, interventional radiology, and other ancillary services, are not available for cancer patients. Our tertiary care center is considered the center of the epicenter in the USA. As a result, all non-emergent surgeries have been suspended in order to provide hospital beds and other resources for COVID-19 patients. Additionally, ambulatory efforts to avoid treatment-related morbidity are critical for keeping patients out of emergency departments and hospitals. In this review article, we discuss evidence-based radiation therapy approaches for curable cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on three scenarios of cancer care: 1) radiation therapy as an alternative to surgery when immediate surgery is not possible, 2) radiation therapy as a 'bridge' to surgery, and 3) radiation options definitively or postoperatively, given the risk of hospitalization with high-dose chemotherapy."}, {"pmid": 32479158, "title": "Reply to Jakovac; Severity of COVID-19 infection in patients with phenylketonuria: is vitamin D status protective?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Rocha, Julio Cesar", "Calhau, Conceicao", "MacDonald, Anita"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479158", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489711, "pmcid": "PMC7220287", "title": "Comorbid Chronic Diseases are Strongly Correlated with Disease Severity among COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Liu, Hong", "Chen, Shiyan", "Liu, Min", "Nie, Hao", "Lu, Hongyun"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489711", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide since December 2019. In order to explore the effects of comorbid chronic diseases on clinical outcomes of COVID-19, a search was conducted in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CDC, and NIH databases to April 25, 2020. A total of 24 peer-reviewed articles, including 10948 COVID-19 cases were selected. We found diabetes was present in 10.0%, coronary artery disease/cardiovascular disease (CAD/CVD) was in 8.0%, and hypertension was in 20.0%, which were much higher than that of chronic pulmonary disease (3.0%). Specifically, preexisting chronic conditions are strongly correlated with disease severity [Odds ratio (OR) 3.50, 95% CI 1.78 to 6.90], and being admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) (OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.67 to 6.76); in addition, compared to COVID-19 patients with no preexisting chronic diseases, COVID-19 patients who present with either diabetes, hypertension, CAD/CVD, or chronic pulmonary disease have a higher risk of developing severe disease, with an OR of 2.61 (95% CI 1.93 to 3.52), 2.84 (95% CI 2.22 to 3.63), 4.18 (95% CI 2.87 to 6.09) and 3.83 (95% CI 2.15 to 6.80), respectively. Surprisingly, we found no correlation between chronic conditions and increased risk of mortality (OR 2.09, 95% CI 0.26 to16.67). Taken together, cardio-metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and CAD/CVD were more common than chronic pulmonary disease in COVID-19 patients, however, each comorbid disease was correlated with increased disease severity. After active treatment, increased risk of mortality in patients with preexisting chronic diseases may reduce."}, {"pmid": 32401577, "pmcid": "PMC7232882", "title": "Fatal Eosinophilic Myocarditis in a Healthy 17-Year-Old Male with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2c).", "journal": "Fetal Pediatr Pathol", "authors": ["Craver, Randall", "Huber, Samantha", "Sandomirsky, Marrianna", "McKenna, Dwight", "Schieffelin, John", "Finger, Leron"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401577", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Cardiac damage is frequently referred to in patients with SARS-CoV-2, is usually diagnosed by enzyme elevations, and is generally thought to be due to underlying coronary artery disease. There are references to cardiomyopathies accompanying coronavirus, but there has been no histologic confirmation.Case report: A previously healthy 17\u2009year male old presented in full cardiac arrest to the emergency department after a 2\u2009day history of headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Autopsy demonstrated an enlarged flabby heart with eosinophilic myocarditis. There was no interstitial pneumonia or diffuse alveolar damage. Postmortem nasopharyngeal swabs detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) known to cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). No other cause for the eosinophilic myocarditis was elucidated.Conclusion: Like other viruses, SARS-CoV-2 may be associated with fulminant myocarditis."}, {"pmid": 32474598, "title": "Predicting mortality due to SARS-CoV-2: A mechanistic score relating obesity and diabetes to COVID-19 outcomes in Mexico.", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Bello-Chavolla, Omar Yaxmehen", "Bahena-Lopez, Jessica Paola", "Antonio-Villa, Neftali Eduardo", "Vargas-Vazquez, Arsenio", "Gonzalez-Diaz, Armando", "Marquez-Salinas, Alejandro", "Fermin-Martinez, Carlos A", "Naveja, J Jesus", "Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474598", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak poses challenge to healthcare systems due to high complication rates in patients with cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we identify risk factors and propose a clinical score to predict COVID-19 lethality, including specific factors for diabetes and obesity and its role in improving risk prediction. We obtained data of confirmed and negative COVID-19 cases and their demographic and health characteristics from the General Directorate of Epidemiology of Mexican Ministry of Health. We investigated specific risk factors associated to COVID-19 positivity and mortality and explored the impact of diabetes and obesity on modifying COVID-19 related lethality. Finally, we built a clinical score to predict COVID-19 lethality. Among 177,133 subjects at May 18th, 2020, we observed 51,633 subjects with SARS-CoV-2 and 5,332 deaths. Risk factors for lethality in COVID-19 include early-onset diabetes, obesity, COPD, advanced age, hypertension, immunosuppression, and CKD; we observed that obesity mediates 49.5% of the effect of diabetes on COVID-19 lethality. Early-onset diabetes conferred an increased risk of hospitalization and obesity conferred an increased risk for ICU admission and intubation. Our predictive score for COVID-19 lethality included age \u226565 years, diabetes, early-onset diabetes, obesity, age <40 years, CKD, hypertension, and immunosuppression and significantly discriminates lethal from non-lethal COVID-19 cases (c-statistic=0.823). Here, we propose a mechanistic approach to evaluate risk for complications and lethality attributable to COVID-19 considering the effect of obesity and diabetes in Mexico. Our score offers a clinical tool for quick determination of high-risk susceptibility patients in a first contact scenario."}, {"pmid": 32090534, "title": "[Stress comprehensive treatment strategies for patients with mild novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Jia, W P"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32090534", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476643, "title": "Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer?", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Nachega, Jean B", "Leisegang, Rory", "Kallay, Oscar", "Mills, Edward J", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Lester, Richard T"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer?"}, {"pmid": 32250963, "pmcid": "PMC7141249", "title": "Population-Level Interest and Telehealth Capacity of US Hospitals in Response to COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Google Search and National Hospital Survey Data.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Hong, Young-Rock", "Lawrence, John", "Williams, Dunc Jr", "Mainous III, Arch"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250963", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is widely spreading across the United States, there is a concern about the overloading of the nation's health care capacity. The expansion of telehealth services is expected to deliver timely care for the initial screening of symptomatic patients while minimizing exposure in health care facilities, to protect health care providers and other patients. However, it is currently unknown whether US hospitals have the telehealth capacity to meet the increasing demand and needs of patients during this pandemic. We investigated the population-level internet search volume for telehealth (as a proxy of population interest and demand) with the number of new COVID-19 cases and the proportion of hospitals that adopted a telehealth system in all US states. We used internet search volume data from Google Trends to measure population-level interest in telehealth and telemedicine between January 21, 2020 (when the first COVID-19 case was reported), and March 18, 2020. Data on COVID-19 cases in the United States were obtained from the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resources Center. We also used data from the 2018 American Hospital Association Annual Survey to estimate the proportion of hospitals that adopted telehealth (including telemedicine and electronic visits) and those with the capability of telemedicine intensive care unit (tele-ICU). Pearson correlation was used to examine the relations of population search volume for telehealth and telemedicine (composite score) with the cumulative numbers of COVID-19 cases in the United States during the study period and the proportion of hospitals with telehealth and tele-ICU capabilities. We found that US population-level interest in telehealth increased as the number of COVID-19 cases increased, with a strong correlation (r=0.948, P<.001). We observed a higher population-level interest in telehealth in the Northeast and West census region, whereas the proportion of hospitals that adopted telehealth was higher in the Midwest region. There was no significant association between population interest and the proportion of hospitals that adopted telehealth (r=0.055, P=.70) nor hospitals having tele-ICU capability (r=-0.073, P=.61). As the number of COVID-19 cases increases, so does the US population's interest in telehealth. However, the level of population interest did not correlate with the proportion of hospitals providing telehealth services in the United States, suggesting that increased population demand may not be met with the current telehealth capacity. Telecommunication infrastructures in US hospitals may lack the capability to address the ongoing health care needs of patients with other health conditions. More practical investment is needed to deploy the telehealth system rapidly against the impending patient surge."}, {"pmid": 32466163, "title": "Mental Health Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemics and the Mitigation Effects of Exercise: A Longitudinal Study of College Students in China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Zhang, Yao", "Zhang, Haoyu", "Ma, Xindong", "Di, Qian"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466163", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "(1) Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency that has caused worldwide concern. Vast resources have been allocated to control the pandemic and treat patients. However, little attention has been paid to the adverse impact on mental health or effective mitigation strategies to improve mental health. (2) Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the adverse impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Chinese college students' mental health, understand the underlying mechanisms, and explore feasible mitigation strategies. (3) Methods: During the peak time of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, we conducted longitudinal surveys of sixty-six college students. Structured questionnaires collected information on demographics, physical activity, negative emotions, sleep quality, and aggressiveness level. A mixed-effect model was used to evaluate associations between variables, and the mediating effect of sleep quality was further explored. A generalized additive model was used to determine the dose-response relationships between the COVID-19 death count, physical activity, and negative emotions. (4) Results: The COVID-19 death count showed a direct negative impact on general sleep quality (\u03b2 = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.55, 2.19) and reduced aggressiveness (\u03b2 = -6.57, 95% CI: -12.78, -0.36). In contrast, the COVID-19 death count imposed not a direct but an indirect impact on general negative emotions (indirect effect (IE) = 0.81, p = 0.012), stress (IE = 0.40, p < 0.001), and anxiety (IE = 0.27, p = 0.004) with sleep quality as a mediator. Moreover, physical activity directly alleviated general negative emotions (\u03b2 = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.22, -0.01), and the maximal mitigation effect occurred when weekly physical activity was about 2500 METs. (5) Conclusions: (a) The severity of the COVID-19 outbreak has an indirect effect on negative emotions by affecting sleep quality. (b) A possible mitigation strategy for improving mental health includes taking suitable amounts of daily physical activity and sleeping well."}, {"pmid": 32493597, "pmcid": "PMC7200328", "title": "Stroke as a complication and prognostic factor of COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Trejo-Gabriel-Galan, J M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493597", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Contradictory data have been reported on the incidence of stroke in patients with COVID-19 and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with history of stroke. This study systematically reviews case series reporting stroke as a complication of COVID-19, and analyses the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 and history of stroke. The pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke in patients with COVID-19 are also reviewed. History of stroke increases the risk of death due to COVID-19 by 3 times. Stroke currently seems not to be one of the main complications of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32362697, "pmcid": "PMC7195136", "title": "Accurate closed-form solution of the SIR epidemic model.", "journal": "Physica D", "authors": ["Barlow, Nathaniel S", "Weinstein, Steven J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362697", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An accurate closed-form solution is obtained to the SIR Epidemic Model through the use of Asymptotic Approximants (Barlow et\u00a0al., 2017). The solution is created by analytically continuing the divergent power series solution such that it matches the long-time asymptotic behavior of the epidemic model. The utility of the analytical form is demonstrated through its application to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32396382, "title": "Myth Busters: Dietary Supplements and COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Pharmacother", "authors": ["Adams, Kathleen K", "Baker, William L", "Sobieraj, Diana M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396382", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "News and social media platforms have implicated dietary supplements in the treatment and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). During this pandemic when information quickly evolves in the presence of contradicting messages and misinformation, the role of the pharmacist is essential. Here, we review theoretical mechanisms and evidence related to efficacy and safety of select supplements in the setting of COVID-19, including vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, elderberry, and silver. Evidence evaluating these supplements in COVID-19 patients is lacking, and providers and patients should not rely on dietary supplements to prevent or treat COVID-19. Rather, reference to evidence-based guidelines should guide treatment decisions."}, {"pmid": 32528122, "title": "Management of patients with acute leukemia during the COVID-19 outbreak: practical guidelines from the acute leukemia working party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Brissot, Eolia", "Labopin, Myriam", "Baron, Frederic", "Bazarbachi, Ali", "Bug, Gesine", "Ciceri, Fabio", "Esteve, Jordi", "Giebel, Sebastian", "Gilleece, Maria H", "Gorin, Norbert-Claude", "Lanza, Francesco", "Peric, Zinaida", "Ruggeri, Annalisa", "Sanz, Jaime", "Savani, Bipin N", "Schmid, Christoph", "Shouval, Roni", "Spyridonidis, Alexandros", "Versluis, Jurjen", "Nagler, Arnon", "Mohty, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528122", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196655, "title": "Expert consensus for managing pregnant women and neonates born to mothers with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Chen, Dunjin", "Yang, Huixia", "Cao, Yun", "Cheng, Weiwei", "Duan, Tao", "Fan, Cuifang", "Fan, Shangrong", "Feng, Ling", "Gao, Yuanmei", "He, Fang", "He, Jing", "Hu, Yali", "Jiang, Yi", "Li, Yimin", "Li, Jiafu", "Li, Xiaotian", "Li, Xuelan", "Lin, Kangguang", "Liu, Caixia", "Liu, Juntao", "Liu, Xinghui", "Pan, Xingfei", "Pang, Qiumei", "Pu, Meihua", "Qi, Hongbo", "Shi, Chunyan", "Sun, Yu", "Sun, Jingxia", "Wang, Xietong", "Wang, Yichun", "Wang, Zilian", "Wang, Zhijian", "Wang, Cheng", "Wu, Suqiu", "Xin, Hong", "Yan, Jianying", "Zhao, Yangyu", "Zheng, Jun", "Zhou, Yihua", "Zou, Li", "Zeng, Yingchun", "Zhang, Yuanzhen", "Guan, Xiaoming"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196655", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide clinical management guidelines for novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in pregnancy. On February 5, 2020, a multidisciplinary teleconference comprising Chinese physicians and researchers was held and medical management strategies of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy were discussed. Ten key recommendations were provided for the management of COVID-19 infections in pregnancy. Currently, there is no clear evidence regarding optimal delivery timing, the safety of vaginal delivery, or whether cesarean delivery prevents vertical transmission at the time of delivery; therefore, route of delivery and delivery timing should be individualized based on obstetrical indications and maternal-fetal status."}, {"pmid": 32145465, "pmcid": "PMC7102659", "title": "A conceptual model for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China with individual reaction and governmental action.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lin, Qianying", "Zhao, Shi", "Gao, Daozhou", "Lou, Yijun", "Yang, Shu", "Musa, Salihu S", "Wang, Maggie H", "Cai, Yongli", "Wang, Weiming", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145465", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, emerged in Wuhan, China in the end of 2019, has claimed more than 2600 lives as of 24 February 2020 and posed a huge threat to global public health. The Chinese government has implemented control measures including setting up special hospitals and travel restriction to mitigate the spread. We propose conceptual models for the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan with the consideration of individual behavioural reaction and governmental actions, e.g., holiday extension, travel restriction, hospitalisation and quarantine. We employe the estimates of these two key components from the 1918 influenza pandemic in London, United Kingdom, incorporated zoonotic introductions and the emigration, and then compute future trends and the reporting ratio. The model is concise in structure, and it successfully captures the course of the COVID-19 outbreak, and thus sheds light on understanding the trends of the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32428041, "pmcid": "PMC7237008", "title": "Study of the mental health status of medical personnel dealing with new coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Xing, Jun", "Sun, Ning", "Xu, Jun", "Geng, Shuling", "Li, Yuqian"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428041", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper studied the relationship between personality traits and mental health conditions of medical personnel to provide a basis and reference for the implementation of targeted education on mental health. A self-report inventory, the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), was used to investigate the mental health status of 548 medical personnel dealing with the new coronavirus pneumonia in eight provinces and cities of China. The overall mean SCL-90 score and mean values of factors (somatization, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, phobic anxiety, and psychoticism) of the medical personnel were significantly higher than in the norm group (p < 0.05), while their average interpersonal sensitivity score was significantly lower (p < 0.01). In addition, personal factors affecting the mental health status of medical personnel were identified (all p < 0.05). The overall mental health status of medical personnel responding to new coronavirus pneumonia is generally higher than that of the norm group in China. The results of this study should contribute to measures to alleviate the psychological pressures on medical personnel dealing with the new coronavirus epidemic in China."}, {"pmid": 32526774, "title": "Passive Immunity for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Commentary on Therapeutic Aspects Including Convalescent Plasma.", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Lindholm, Paul F", "Ramsey, Glenn", "Kwaan, Hau C"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526774", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is infecting a na\u00efve population. The innate immunity of the infected patient is unable to mount an effective defense, resulting in a severe illness with substantial morbidity and mortality. As most treatment modalities including antivirals and anti-inflammatory agents are mostly ineffective, an immunological approach is needed. The mechanism of innate immunity to this viral illness is not fully understood. Passive immunity becomes an important avenue for the management of these patients. In this article, the immune responses of COVID-19 patients are reviewed. As SARS-CoV-2 has many characteristics in common with two other viruses, SARS-CoV that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), the experiences learned from the use of passive immunity in treatment can be applied to COVID-19. The immune response includes the appearance of immunoglobulin M followed by immunoglobulin G and neutralizing antibodies. Convalescent plasma obtained from patients recovered from the illness with high titers of neutralizing antibodies was successful in treating many COVID-19 patients. The factors that determine responses as compared with those seen in SARS and MERS are also reviewed. As there are no approved vaccines against all three viruses, it remains a challenge in the ongoing development for an effective vaccine for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32334406, "pmcid": "PMC7166027", "title": "A crisis for elderly with mental disorders: Relapse of symptoms due to heightened anxiety due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Mehra, Aseem", "Rani, Seema", "Sahoo, Swapnajeet", "Parveen, Shaheena", "Singh, Ajay Pal", "Chakrabarti, Subho", "Grover, Sandeep"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334406", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434314, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic. What should PRM specialists do? A clinician's perspective.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Carda, Stefano", "Invernizzi, Marco", "Bavikatte, Ganesh", "Bensmail, Djamel", "Bianchi, Francesca", "Deltombe, Thierry", "Draulans, Nathalie", "Esquenazi, Alberto", "Francisco, Gerard E", "Gross, Raphael", "Jacinto, Luis J", "Moraleda Perez, Susana", "O'dell, Michael W", "Reebye, Rajiv", "Verduzco-Gutierrez, Monica", "Wissel, Jorg", "Molteni, Franco"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434314", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading all over the world, creating the risk for an healthcare collapse. While acute care and intensive care units are the main pillars of the early response to the disease, rehabilitative medicine should play an important part in allowing COVID-19 survivors to reduce disability and optimize the function of acute hospital setting. To share the experience and the international perspective of different rehabilitation centers, treating COVID-19 survivors. Not applicable. COVID-19 survivors. A group of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation specialists from eleven different countries in Europe and North America have shared their clinical experience in dealing with COVID-19 survivors and how they have managed the re-organization of rehabilitation services. In our experience the most important sequelae of severe and critical forms of COVID-19 are: 1) respiratory; 2) cognitive, central and peipheral nervous system; 3) deconditioning; 4) critical illness related myopathy and neuropathy; 5) dysphagia; 6) joint stiffness and pain; 7) psychiatric. We analyze all these consequences and propose some practical treatment options, based on current evidence and clinical experience, as well as several suggestions for management of rehabilitation services and patients with suspected or confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 survivors have some specific rehabilitation needs. Experience from other centers may help colleagues in organizing their services and providing better care to their patients."}, {"pmid": 32325980, "pmcid": "PMC7238228", "title": "Systematic Review of Important Viral Diseases in Africa in Light of the 'One Health' Concept.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Chauhan, Ravendra P", "Dessie, Zelalem G", "Noreddin, Ayman", "El Zowalaty, Mohamed E"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325980", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases are of great public health concern. The recent emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 in China, which causes COVID-19 disease in humans, and its current spread to several countries, leading to the first pandemic in history to be caused by a coronavirus, highlights the significance of zoonotic viral diseases. Rift Valley fever, rabies, West Nile, chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Ebola, and influenza viruses among many other viruses have been reported from different African countries. The paucity of information, lack of knowledge, limited resources, and climate change, coupled with cultural traditions make the African continent a hotspot for vector-borne and zoonotic viral diseases, which may spread globally. Currently, there is no information available on the status of virus diseases in Africa. This systematic review highlights the available information about viral diseases, including zoonotic and vector-borne diseases, reported in Africa. The findings will help us understand the trend of emerging and re-emerging virus diseases within the African continent. The findings recommend active surveillance of viral diseases and strict implementation of One Health measures in Africa to improve human public health and reduce the possibility of potential pandemics due to zoonotic viruses."}, {"pmid": 32414539, "pmcid": "PMC7196423", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 epidemic on maxillofacial surgery in Italy.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Allevi, F", "Dionisio, A", "Baciliero, U", "Balercia, P", "Beltramini, G A", "Bertossi, D", "Bozzetti, A", "Califano, L", "Cascone, P", "Colombo, L", "Copelli, C", "De Ponte, F S", "De Riu, G", "Della Monaca, M", "Fusetti, S", "Galie, M", "Gianni, A B", "Longo, F", "Mannucci, N", "Nocini, P F", "Pelo, S", "Ramieri, G", "Sesenna, E", "Solazzo, L", "Spinelli, G", "Tarsitano, A", "Tartaro, G", "Valentini, V", "Verrina, G", "Biglioli, F"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414539", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Maxillofacial departments in 23 surgical units in Italy have been increasingly involved in facing the COVID-19 emergency. Elective surgeries have been progressively postponed to free up beds and offer human and material resources to those infected. We compiled an inventory of 32 questions to evaluate the impact of the SARS-COV2 epidemic on maxillofacial surgery in 23 selected Italian maxillofacial departments. The questionnaire focused on three different aspects: the variation of the workload, showing both a reduction of the number of team members (-16% among specialists, -11% among residents) due to reallocation or contamination and a consistent reduction of elective activities (the number of outpatient visits cancelled during the first month of the COVID-19 epidemic was about 10 000 all over Italy), while only tumour surgery and trauma surgery has been widely guaranteed; the screening procedures on patients and physicians (22% of maxillofacial units found infected surgeons, which is 4% of all maxillofacial surgeons); and the availability of Personal Protective Equipment, is only considered to be partial in 48% of Maxillofacial departments. This emergency has forced those of us in the Italian health system to change the way we work, but only time will prove if these changes have been effective."}, {"pmid": 32505992, "title": "Rapid implementation of COVID-19 tracheostomy simulation training to increase surgeon safety and confidence.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["LoSavio, Phillip S", "Eggerstedt, Michael", "Tajudeen, Bobby A", "Papagiannopoulos, Peter", "Revenaugh, Peter C", "Batra, Pete S", "Husain, Inna"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505992", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine if rapid implementation of simulation training for anticipated COVID-19 tracheostomy procedures can increase physician confidence regarding procedure competency and use of enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE). A brief simulation training exercise was designed in conjunction with the development of a COVID-19 Tracheostomy Protocol. The simulation training focused primarily on provider safety, pre and post-surgical steps and the proper use of enhanced PPE. Simulation training was performed in the simulation lab at the institution over 2\u00a0days. Pre and post self-evaluations were measured using standardized clinical competency questionnaires on a 5-point Likert Scale ranging from \"No knowledge, unable to perform\" up to \"Highly knowledgeable and confident, independent.\" Physicians self-reported a significant increase in knowledge and competency immediately after completing the training exercise. Resident physicians increased from a mean score of 3.00 to 4.67, p-value 0.0041, mean increase 1.67 (CI 95% 0.81 to 2.52). Attending physicians increased from a mean score of 2.89 to 4.67, p-value 0.0002, mean increase 1.78 (CI 95% 1.14 to 2.42). Overall, all participants increased from a mean score of 3.06 to 4.71, p-value 0.0001, mean increase 1.65 (CI 95% 1.24 to 2.05). Implementation of this simulation training at our institution resulted in a significant increase in physician confidence regarding the safe performance of tracheostomy surgery in COVID-19 patients. Adoption of standardized COVID-19 tracheostomy simulation training at centers treating COVID-19 patients may result in improved physician safety and enhanced confidence in anticipation of performing these procedures in real-life scenarios."}, {"pmid": 32342026, "pmcid": "PMC7175063", "title": "Tracheostomy Considerations during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "OTO Open", "authors": ["Shiba, Travis", "Ghazizadeh, Shabnam", "Chhetri, Dinesh", "St John, Maie", "Long, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342026", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compile current best practices regarding tracheostomy decision making, care, and technical performance during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Articles listed in PubMed and Google sources for up-to-date information. All sources presenting objective evidence related to the topic were reviewed and distilled. Tracheostomy in patients with coronavirus disease should be a rare event yet one that requires significant decision making and procedural deliberation. Indications for surgery must be balanced by risk of disease transmission to health care workers. Considerations are given to personal protective equipment, viral testing, and alternatives. Otolaryngologists worldwide must be aware of these considerations to provide safe patient care without undue risk to themselves or their hospital coworkers."}, {"pmid": 32375922, "pmcid": "PMC7253765", "title": "Initial Coronavirus Disease-2019 Closure Strategies Adopted by a Convenience Sample of US School Districts: Directions for Future Research.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Schlegelmilch, Jeff", "Douglas, Claire"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375922", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "School closures are an important strategy to mitigate the impacts of a pandemic. But an optimal approach to transitioning from in-person to distance learning approaches is lacking. We analyzed a convenience sample of public K-12 schools in the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. This initial snapshot provides some insights to inform future research into the variation of strategies across school districts, and would benefit from more rigorous methods to determine true correlations between demographic and geographic factors. Additionally, many of these strategies have evolved in response to ongoing and prolonged public health social distancing measures implemented after this analysis was conducted."}, {"pmid": 32385785, "pmcid": "PMC7206411", "title": "A Call for Vaccine Against COVID-19: Implications for Cardiovascular Morbidity and Healthcare Utilization.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Drugs Ther", "authors": ["Ho, Jamie S Y", "Tambyah, Paul A", "Sia, Ching-Hui"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385785", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238584, "title": "Computational Inference of Selection Underlying the Evolution of the Novel Coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Cagliani, Rachele", "Forni, Diego", "Clerici, Mario", "Sironi, Manuela"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238584", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that recently emerged in China is thought to have a bat origin, as its closest known relative (BatCoV RaTG13) was described previously in horseshoe bats. We analyzed the selective events that accompanied the divergence of SARS-CoV-2 from BatCoV RaTG13. To this end, we applied a population genetics-phylogenetics approach, which leverages within-population variation and divergence from an outgroup. Results indicated that most sites in the viral open reading frames (ORFs) evolved under conditions of strong to moderate purifying selection. The most highly constrained sequences corresponded to some nonstructural proteins (nsps) and to the M protein. Conversely, nsp1 and accessory ORFs, particularly ORF8, had a nonnegligible proportion of codons evolving under conditions of very weak purifying selection or close to selective neutrality. Overall, limited evidence of positive selection was detected. The 6 bona fide positively selected sites were located in the N protein, in ORF8, and in nsp1. A signal of positive selection was also detected in the receptor-binding motif (RBM) of the spike protein but most likely resulted from a recombination event that involved the BatCoV RaTG13 sequence. In line with previous data, we suggest that the common ancestor of SARS-CoV-2 and BatCoV RaTG13 encoded/encodes an RBM similar to that observed in SARS-CoV-2 itself and in some pangolin viruses. It is presently unknown whether the common ancestor still exists and, if so, which animals it infects. Our data, however, indicate that divergence of SARS-CoV-2 from BatCoV RaTG13 was accompanied by limited episodes of positive selection, suggesting that the common ancestor of the two viruses was poised for human infection.IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses are dangerous zoonotic pathogens; in the last 2 decades, three coronaviruses have crossed the species barrier and caused human epidemics. One of these is the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2. We investigated how, since its divergence from a closely related bat virus, natural selection shaped the genome of SARS-CoV-2. We found that distinct coding regions in the SARS-CoV-2 genome evolved under conditions of different degrees of constraint and are consequently more or less prone to tolerate amino acid substitutions. In practical terms, the level of constraint provides indications about which proteins/protein regions are better suited as possible targets for the development of antivirals or vaccines. We also detected limited signals of positive selection in three viral ORFs. However, we warn that, in the absence of knowledge about the chain of events that determined the human spillover, these signals should not be necessarily interpreted as evidence of an adaptation to our species."}, {"pmid": 32442894, "pmcid": "PMC7204673", "title": "Pandemics and psychiatry: Repositioning research in context of COVID-19.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Keshavan, Matcheri S"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442894", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current Covid-19 pandemic is posing an unprecedented threat to global well-being and its mental health consequences are just becoming understood. While the crisis has led to a temporary halt in a lot of ongoing or planned psychiatric research, this pandemic is a natural experiment that can help the field to repurpose research to better understand the causes, presentations and outcome trajectories as well as treatments in psychiatry. Inter-disciplinary collaborations between researchers are needed to rapidly develop and share the emerging new knowledge of the mental health implications of Covid-19, This will help mount an effective response to the current as well as future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32425267, "pmcid": "PMC7233200", "title": "GUESS WHO'S COMING TO DINNER: COVID-19 IN A COVID-FREE UNIT.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Luciani, Lorenzo G", "Mattevi, Daniele", "Giusti, Guido", "Proietti, Silvia", "Gallo, Fabrizio", "Schenone, Maurizio", "Malossini, Gianni"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425267", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the impact of the pandemic on surgical activity and the occurrence and features of Covid-19 in a Covid-free urologic unit in a regional hospital in Northern Italy. Our Department is the only urologic service in the Trento Province, near Lombardy, the epicenter of Covid-19 in our Country. We reviewed the surgical and ward activities during the 4 weeks following the national lockdown (March 9 to April 5, 2020). The following outcomes were investigated: surgical load, rate of admissions and bed occupation, and the rate and characteristics of unrecognized Covid-positive patients. Data were compared with that of the same period of 2019 (March 11 to April 7). About 63%, 70%, 64%, and 71%, decline in surgery, endoscopy, bed occupation, and admission, respectively, occurred\u00a0during the 4 weeks after the lockdown, as compared to 2019. Urgent procedures also declined by 32%. Three (8%) of 39 admissions regarded unrecognized Covid-19 overlapping or misinterpreted with urgent urologic conditions such as fever-associated urinary stones or hematuria. In spite of a significant reduction of activity, a non-negligible portion of admissions to our Covid-free unit regarded unrecognized Covid-19. In order to preserve its integrity, we propose an enhanced\u00a0triage\u00a0prior to the admission to a Covid-free unit including not only routine questions on fever and respiratory symptoms but also nonrespiratory symptoms, history of exposure, and a survey about the social and geographic origin of the patient."}, {"pmid": 32438499, "title": "COVID-19: The personal and professional impact of one case.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Bortnick, Anna E"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438499", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459792, "pmcid": "PMC7255404", "title": "Using Social Media for Rapid Information Dissemination in a Pandemic: #PedsICU and Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Kudchadkar, Sapna R", "Carroll, Christopher L"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the impact of a strategy for international collaboration and rapid information dissemination on Twitter among the pediatric critical care community during a global pandemic. Analysis of #PedsICU and coronavirus disease 2019 Twitter data in the Symplur Signals Database between February 1, 2020, and May 1, 2020. Social media platform Twitter. None. Promotion of the joint usage of #PedsICU and #COVID19 throughout the international pediatric critical care community in tweets relevant to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and pediatric critical care. We collected data on all tweets containing the hashtag #PedsICU in addition to those containing both #PedsICU and coronavirus disease 2019 hashtags. Tweets including #PedsICU were shared 49,865 times on six continents between February 1, 2020, and May 1, 2020; between February 1 and March 13, only 8% of #PedsICU tweets included a coronavirus disease 2019 hashtag. After a sharp rise during the week of March 14, 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 content has dominated the #PedsICU conversation on Twitter, comprising 69% of both #PedsICU tweets and impressions (p < 0.001). The most commonly used coronavirus disease 2019 hashtag over the study period was #COVID19 (69%). Proportionately, a greater percentage of #PedsICU tweets including the coronavirus disease 2019 hashtag (vs not) had images or videos (45% vs 41%; p < 0.001). In addition, non-physician healthcare providers were the largest group of users (46%) of the combination of #PedsICU and coronavirus disease 2019 hashtags. The most popular tweets shared on Twitter were open-access resources, including links for updated literature, narrative reviews, and educational videos relevant to coronavirus disease 2019 clinical care. Concurrent hashtags and words in tweets containing #PedsICU and coronavirus disease 2019 hashtags spanned several different disciplines and topics in pediatric critical care. Twitter has been used widely for real-time information sharing and collaboration among the international pediatric critical care community during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Targeted use of #PedsICU and #COVID19 for engagement on Twitter is a conduit to combat misinformation and optimize reach to pediatric critical care stakeholders across the globe when rapid dissemination is needed."}, {"pmid": 32107548, "pmcid": "PMC7107962", "title": "Occupational risks for COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Koh, David"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32107548", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525010, "title": "Thrombotic microangiopathy in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Jhaveri, Kenar D", "Meir, Lea R", "Flores Chang, Bessy Suyin", "Parikh, Rushang", "Wanchoo, Rimda", "Barilla-LaBarca, Marie Louise", "Bijol, Vanesa", "Hajizadeh, Negin"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525010", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519260, "title": "Thalassemic Child Presenting with Anosmia due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Marhaeni, Wulandewi", "Wijaya, Andreas Budi", "Kusumaningtyas, Prabandari", "Mapianto, Rahmawan Sakup"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519260", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406395, "pmcid": "PMC7218394", "title": "A model based study on the dynamics of COVID-19: Prediction and control.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Mandal, Manotosh", "Jana, Soovoojeet", "Nandi, Swapan Kumar", "Khatua, Anupam", "Adak, Sayani", "Kar, T K"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406395", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As there is no vaccination and proper medicine for treatment, the recent pandemic caused by COVID-19 has drawn attention to the strategies of quarantine and other governmental measures, like lockdown, media coverage on social isolation, and improvement of public hygiene, etc to control the disease. The mathematical model can help when these intervention measures are the best strategies for disease control as well as how they might affect the disease dynamics. Motivated by this, in this article, we have formulated a mathematical model introducing a quarantine class and governmental intervention measures to mitigate disease transmission. We study a thorough dynamical behavior of the model in terms of the basic reproduction number. Further, we perform the sensitivity analysis of the essential reproduction number and found that reducing the contact of exposed and susceptible humans is the most critical factor in achieving disease control. To lessen the infected individuals as well as to minimize the cost of implementing government control measures, we formulate an optimal control problem, and optimal control is determined. Finally, we forecast a short-term trend of COVID-19 for the three highly affected states, Maharashtra, Delhi, and Tamil Nadu, in India, and it suggests that the first two states need further monitoring of control measures to reduce the contact of exposed and susceptible humans."}, {"pmid": 32202993, "title": "Public Mental Health Crisis during COVID-19 Pandemic, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dong, Lu", "Bouey, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202993", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease emerged in China in late 2019-early 2020 and spread rapidly. China has been implementing emergency psychological crisis interventions to reduce the negative psychosocial impact on public mental health, but challenges exist. Public mental health interventions should be formally integrated into public health preparedness and emergency response plans."}, {"pmid": 32273621, "title": "If a coronavirus vaccine arrives, can the world make enough?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Khamsi, Roxanne"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273621", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390691, "pmcid": "PMC7205623", "title": "Time Series Forecasting of COVID-19 transmission in Canada Using LSTM Networks.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Chimmula, Vinay Kumar Reddy", "Zhang, Lei"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390691", "countries": ["China", "Canada", "United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11 \n                        th\n                     2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declared the 2019 novel corona virus as global pandemic. Corona virus, also known as COVID-19 was first originated in Wuhan, Hubei province in China around December 2019 and spread out all over the world within few weeks. Based on the public datasets provided by John Hopkins university and Canadian health authority, we have developed a forecasting model of COVID-19 outbreak in Canada using state-of-the-art Deep Learning (DL) models. In this novel research, we evaluated the key features to predict the trends and possible stopping time of the current COVID-19 outbreak in Canada and around the world. In this paper we presented the Long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, a deep learning approach to forecast the future COVID-19 cases. Based on the results of our Long short-term memory (LSTM) network, we predicted the possible ending point of this outbreak will be around June 2020. In addition to that, we compared transmission rates of Canada with Italy and USA. Here we also presented the 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 \n                        th\n                     day predictions for 2 successive days. Our forecasts in this paper is based on the available data until March 31, 2020. To the best of our knowledge, this of the few studies to use LSTM networks to forecast the infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32325282, "pmcid": "PMC7165099", "title": "Chest CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia by duration of symptoms.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Ding, Xun", "Xu, Jia", "Zhou, Jun", "Long, Qingyun"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325282", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate lung abnormalities on thin-section computed tomographic (CT) scans in patients with COVID-19 and correlate findings to duration of symptoms. In total, 348 CT scans in 112 patients were classified according to the time after the onset of the initial symptoms, namely stage-1 (0-4 days); stage-2 (5-9 days); stage-3 (10-14 days); stage-4 (15-21 days); stage-5 (22-28 days); and stage-6 (\uff1e28 days). Each lung lobe was evaluated for extent affected by ground-glass opacities (GGO), crazy-paving pattern and consolidation, in five categories of percentual severity. Summation of scores from all five lung lobes provided the total CT score (maximal CT score, 25). The predominant patterns of lung abnormalities were GGOs, crazy-paving pattern, consolidation and linear opacities. The frequency of crazy-paving pattern, consolidation and linear opacities peaked at stage-3 (62.7 %), stage-4 (75.0 %) and stage-5 (83.1 %), respectively, and decreased thereafter. Total CT scores increased from stage-1 to stage-2 (2.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1, vs. 6.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6, respectively, P\u2009<\u20090.01), and thereafter remained high. The lower lobes were more inclined to be involved with higher CT scores except for stage-1. At stage-6 98.1 % of CT scans still showed abnormalities (CT score 7.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1). Thin-section CT could provide semi-quantitative analysis of pulmonary damage severity. This disease changed rapidly at the early stage, then tended to be stable and lasted for a long time."}, {"pmid": 32306550, "pmcid": "PMC7264742", "title": "Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) Analysis of the Adaptations to Anatomical Education in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anat Sci Educ", "authors": ["Longhurst, Georga J", "Stone, Danya M", "Dulohery, Kate", "Scully, Deirdre", "Campbell, Thomas", "Smith, Claire F"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306550", "countries": ["Ireland", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has driven the fastest changes to higher education across the globe, necessitated by social distancing measures preventing face-to-face teaching. This has led to an almost immediate switch to distance learning by higher education institutions. Anatomy faces some unique challenges. Intrinsically, anatomy is a three-dimensional subject that requires a sound understanding of the relationships between structures, often achieved by the study of human cadaveric material, models, and virtual resources. This study sought to identify the approaches taken in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland to deliver anatomical education through online means. Data were collected from 14 different universities in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland and compared adopting a thematic analysis approach. Once themes were generated, they were collectively brought together using a strength, weakness, opportunity, threat (SWOT) analysis. Key themes included the opportunity to develop new online resources and the chance to engage in new academic collaborations. Academics frequently mentioned the challenge that time constrains could place on the quality and effectiveness of these resources; especially as in many cases the aim of these resources was to compensate for a lack of exposure to cadaveric exposure. Comparisons of the actions taken by multiple higher education institutions reveal the ways that academics have tried to balance this demand. Discussions will facilitate decisions being made by higher education institutions regarding adapting the curriculum and assessment methods in anatomy."}, {"pmid": 32389153, "pmcid": "PMC7251285", "title": "The feasibility of generalized face mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic: a perspective from Latin America.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Moreno Soto, Daniel", "Cardona Maya, Walter D", "Londono Agudelo, Esteban", "Bueno-Sanchez, Julio C"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389153", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366496, "title": "How is the lockdown affecting vet students?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366496", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Like most other professions in the UK, the veterinary profession has been hit hard by Covid-19. But how has it impacted on students? Alexia Yiannouli investigates."}, {"pmid": 32468589, "title": "Surgical mask dermatitis caused by formaldehyde (releasers) during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Contact Dermatitis", "authors": ["Aerts, Olivier", "Dendooven, Ella", "Foubert, Kenn", "Stappers, Sofie", "Ulicki, Michal", "Lambert, Julien"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468589", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32134165, "pmcid": "PMC7169856", "title": "Novel coronavirus infection and pregnancy.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Yang, H", "Wang, C", "Poon, L C"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32134165", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32172242, "pmcid": "PMC7179535", "title": "Coronavirus Epidemic and Extracorporeal Therapies in Intensive Care: si vis pacem para bellum.", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Ronco, Claudio", "Reis, Thiago", "De Rosa, Silvia"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32172242", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32049602, "pmcid": "PMC7233361", "title": "Pre- and Posttreatment Chest CT Findings: 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Duan, Ya-Ni", "Qin, Jie"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32049602", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387746, "pmcid": "PMC7204655", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: air/aerosols and surfaces in laboratory and clinical settings.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, D X"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425014, "title": "The role of echocardiography in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a compromise among appropriateness, safety and clinical impact.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Pacileo, Mario", "Giallauria, Francesco", "Savarese, Cristina", "Cirillo, Teresa", "Crescibene, Fabio", "Di Lorenzo, Anna", "Ferrillo, Mariacarla", "Calabrese, Maria Grazia", "Vigorito, Carlo", "D'Andrea, Antonello"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425014", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection, responsible for COVID-19, can determine cardiac events, which require a quick diagnosis and management, and should not be overlooked due to the presence of COVID-19 infection. In some cases, cardiovascular symptoms can also be the first and only manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In patients with COVID-19, the full cardiovascular disease diagnostic algorithm can be hindered by logistic restrain mainly derived from the difficulty of transporting patients in critical conditions to Radiology or Hemodynamics wards. The echocardiography in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic can help for differential diagnosis of cardiac events, which can be related or unrelated by the infection and can likely impact on short-term prognosis. Indeed, transthoracic echocardiography plays a key role in the screen for CV complications of COVID-19 infection: it must be focused cardiac ultrasound study (FoCUS) performed at bedside. All transthoracic, transesophageal and stress echocardiograms in patients in which test results are unlikely to change the management strategy should be postponed."}, {"pmid": 32524835, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Critical Care Transfers for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Aortic Emergencies.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Khot, Umesh N", "Reimer, Andrew P", "Brown, Abigail", "Hustey, Fredric M", "Hussain, M Shazam", "Kapadia, Samir R", "Svensson, Lars G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524835", "countries": ["United States", "China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted healthcare delivery worldwide. In hotspot areas such as Wuhan, Lombardy, and New York City, the disease has forced hospitals to focus on COVID-19 patients. Anecdotal reports have suggested that the pandemic has led to a decrease in patients presenting to these hospitals with serious cardiovascular and neurologic diseases such as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and stroke. We sought to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency transfers for STEMI, stroke, and acute aortic emergencies within our regional health system."}, {"pmid": 32487892, "title": "Psychological effects of Corona Virus Disease (COVID 19) on children of Health Care Workers.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Mahajan, Charu", "Kapoor, Indu", "Prabhakar, Hemanshu"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487892", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446589, "pmcid": "PMC7205679", "title": "[The COVID-19 pandemic: An opportunity to change the way we care for our patients].", "journal": "Semergen", "authors": ["Pallares Carratala, V", "Gorriz-Zambrano, C", "Llisterri Caro, J L", "Gorriz, J L"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446589", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518343, "title": "Lab life - rebuild it better after coronavirus lockdowns ease.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Hirschey, Matthew"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518343", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371227, "pmcid": "PMC7187815", "title": "Ethical dilemmas faced by health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: Issues, implications and suggestions.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Menon, Vikas", "Padhy, Susanta Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371227", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387073, "pmcid": "PMC7200372", "title": "Reply to: 'No evidence for an increased liver uptake of SARS-CoV-2 in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease'.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Ji, Dong", "Xu, Jing", "Qin, Enqiang", "Zhang, Dawei", "Cheng, Gregory", "Wang, Yudong", "Lau, George"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387073", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449751, "title": "Sickness absence in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Gohar, Basem", "Lariviere, Michel", "Nowrouzi-Kia, Behdin"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271462, "title": "Inositol and pulmonary function. Could myo-inositol treatment downregulate inflammation and cytokine release syndrome in SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Bizzarri, M", "Lagana, A S", "Aragona, D", "Unfer, V"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271462", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Sars-CoV-2 (COVID-19) poses serious challenges to people's health worldwide. The management of the disease is mostly supportive, and respiratory failure from acute respiratory distress syndrome is the leading cause of death in a significant proportion of affected patients. Preliminary data point out that dramatic increase in IL-6 and subsequent cytokine release syndrome may account for the development of fatal interstitial pneumonia. Inhibition of IL-6 by blocking its specific receptor with monoclonal antibodies has been advocated as a promising attempt. Here we assess the potential utility of myo-Inositol, a polyol already in use for treating the newborn Respiratory Distress Syndrome, in downregulating the inflammatory response upon Sars-CoV-2 infection. Myo-Inositol proved to reduce IL-6 levels in a number of conditions and to mitigate the inflammatory cascade, while being devoid of any significant side effects. It is tempting to speculate that inositol could be beneficial in managing the most dreadful effects of Sars-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32399516, "pmcid": "PMC7216125", "title": "Description of Covid-19 Cases in Brazil and Italy.", "journal": "SN Compr Clin Med", "authors": ["de Souza Ferreira, Luiz Philipe", "Valente, Thiago Maciel", "Tiraboschi, Fernanda Assuncao", "da Silva, Guilherme Pinheiro Ferreira"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399516", "countries": ["China", "Brazil", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of Covid-19 started in China and has rapidly spread across the globe, notably in Italy and more recently to Brazil. This is a very worrying situation for the affected countries. This Brief Communication aims to describe and correlate the number of confirmed cases and deaths of Covid-19 in Brazil and Italy. This is a descriptive and retrospective study that used data collated on the World Health Organization (WHO) online platform between 21 January and 19 April 2020. After analyzing the data, it was observed that the number of confirmed cases and deaths in Brazil is lower than that in Italy. There are certain factors in Brazil which see it in a lower risk position than Italy; however, despite the current slow spread of the virus, the situation in Brazil is difficult to predict."}, {"pmid": 32502262, "title": "Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in a high transmission setting increases the risk of severe COVID-19 compared to exposure to a low transmission setting?", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Chen, Dong", "Hu, Chenchan", "Su, Feifei", "Song, Qifa", "Wang, Zhen"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502262", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529477, "pmcid": "PMC7289226", "title": "The possible pathophysiology mechanism of cytokine storm in elderly adults with COVID-19 infection: the contribution of \"inflame-aging\".", "journal": "Inflamm Res", "authors": ["Meftahi, Gholam Hossein", "Jangravi, Zohreh", "Sahraei, Hedayat", "Bahari, Zahra"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529477", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is emerged in Wuhan, and recently become worldwide pandemic. Strangely, ample evidences have been shown that the severity of COVID-19 infections varies widely from children (asymptomatic), adults (mild infection), as well as elderly adults (deadly critical). It has proven that COVID-19 infection in some elderly critical adults leads to a cytokine storm, which is characterized by severe systemic elevation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Then, a cytokine storm can induce edematous, ARDS, pneumonia, as well as multiple organ failure in aged patients. It is far from clear till now why cytokine storm induces in only COVID-19 elderly patients, and not in young patients. However, it seems that aging is associated with mild elevated levels of local and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is characterized by \"inflamm-aging\". It is highly likely that \"inflamm-aging\" is correlated to increased risk of a cytokine storm in some critical elderly patients with COVID-19 infection. A systematic search in the literature was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, as well as Google Scholar pre-print database using all available MeSH terms for COVID-19, Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, senescent cell, cytokine storm, inflame-aging, ACE2 receptor, autophagy, and Vitamin D. Electronic database searches combined and duplicates were removed. The aim of the present review was to summarize experimental data and clinical observations that linked the pathophysiology mechanisms of \"inflamm-aging\", mild-grade inflammation, and cytokine storm in some elderly adults with severe COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32450255, "pmcid": "PMC7243766", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA contamination of inanimate surfaces and virus viability in a health care emergency unit.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Colaneri, Marta", "Seminari, Elena", "Novati, Stefano", "Asperges, Erika", "Biscarini, Simona", "Piralla, Antonio", "Percivalle, Elena", "Cassaniti, Irene", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Mondelli, Mario U"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450255", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To detect possible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA contamination of inanimate surfaces in areas at high risk of aerosol formation by patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Sampling was performed in the emergency unit and the sub-intensive care ward. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was extracted from swabbed surfaces and objects and subjected to real-time RT-PCR targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and E genes. Virus isolation from positive samples was attempted in\u00a0vitro on Vero E6 cells. Twenty-six samples were collected and only two were positive for low-level SARS-CoV-2 RNA, both collected on the external surface of continuous positive airway pressure helmets. All transport media were inoculated onto susceptible cells, but none induced a cytopathic effect on day 7 of culture. Even though daily contact with inanimate surfaces and patient fomites in contaminated areas may be a medium of infection, our data obtained in real-life conditions suggest that it might be less extensive than hitherto recognized."}, {"pmid": 32421799, "title": "COVID-19 in Canada and the use of Personal Protective Equipment.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Adisesh, Anil", "Durand-Moreau, Quentin", "Patry, Louis", "Straube, Sebastian"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421799", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483523, "pmcid": "PMC7239016", "title": "Characteristics of registered studies for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review.", "journal": "Integr Med Res", "authors": ["Yang, Ming", "Shang, Ya-Xi", "Tian, Zi-Yu", "Xiong, Min", "Lu, Chun-Li", "Jiang, Yue", "Zhang, Yao", "Zhang, Ying-Ying", "Jin, Xin-Yan", "Jin, Qiu-Bai", "Zhang, Ying", "Willcox, Merlin L", "Liu, Jian-Ping"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483523", "countries": ["China", "United States", "France", "Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization characterized the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic on March 11th. Many clinical trials on COVID-19 have been registered, and we aim to review the study characteristics and provide guidance for future trials to avoid duplicated effort. Studies on COVID-19 registered before March 3rd, 2020 on eight registry platforms worldwide were searched and the data of design, participants, interventions, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed. Three hundred and ninety-three studies were identified and 380 (96.7%) were from mainland China, while 3 in Japan, 3 in France, 2 in the US, and 3 were international collaborative studies. Two hundred and sixty-six (67.7%) aimed at therapeutic effect, others were for prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, etc. Two hundred and two studies (51.4%) were randomized controlled trials. Two third of therapeutic studies tested Western medicines including antiviral drugs (17.7%), stem cell and cord blood therapy (10.2%), chloroquine and derivatives (8.3%), 16 (6.0%) on Chinese medicines, and 73 (27.4%) on integrated therapy of Western and Chinese medicines. Thirty-one studies among 266 therapeutic studies (11.7%) used mortality as primary outcome, while the most designed secondary outcomes were symptoms and signs (47.0%). Half of the studies (45.5%) had not started recruiting till March 3rd. Inappropriate outcome setting, delayed recruitment and insufficient numbers of new cases in China implied many studies may fail to complete. Strategies and protocols of the studies with robust and rapid data sharing are warranted for emergency public health events, helping the timely evidence-based decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32328118, "pmcid": "PMC7169535", "title": "Investigating a disease outbreak.", "journal": "Signif (Oxf)", "authors": ["Fricker, Ronald D Jr", "Rigdon, Steven E"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328118", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Teams of epidemiological and medical \"detectives\" are working to get a coronavirus pandemic under control. Ronald D. Fricker, Jr and Steven E. Rigdon walk us through a typical investigation."}, {"pmid": 32418707, "pmcid": "PMC7227561", "title": "Good times, bad times: A diary of a physician in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Lupia, Tommaso", "Stroffolini, Giacomo", "Angilletta, Roberto", "Bonora, Stefano", "Perri, Giovanni Di"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418707", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471936, "pmcid": "PMC7257618", "title": "Responding to SARS-CoV-2 in South Africa: What can we learn from drug-resistant tuberculosis?", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Ndjeka, Norbert", "Conradie, Francesca", "Meintjes, Graeme", "Reuter, Anja", "Hughes, Jennifer", "Padanilam, Xavier", "Ismail, Nazir", "Kock, Yulene", "Master, Iqbal", "Romero, Rodolfo", "Te Riele, Julian", "Enwerem, Martin", "Ferreira, Hannetjie", "Maartens, Gary"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471936", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492743, "title": "[SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): what can we expect?]", "journal": "Dtsch Med Wochenschr", "authors": ["Kern, Winfried V", "Biever, Paul M", "Rieg, Siegbert", "Panning, Marcus"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492743", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "- Case numbers in China are clearly declining, case numbers in many European regions are no longer increasing exponentially.- Data on mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection are contradictory; mortality is certainly lower than for SARS and MERS, but probably higher than for most seasonal flu outbreaks in recent years- The main complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection is pneumonia with development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)- Asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic courses with virus shedding are not uncommon; they may be more frequent in children than in adults. Virus excretion in asymptomatic people and in the pre-symptomatic phase of an infection is relevant for transmission- An effective antiviral therapy has not yet been established. Steroids for anti-inflammatory therapy are not recommended- It is very important to prepare all actors in the health care system for a longer-term burden of inpatients and complications and to create the necessary capacities. Low-threshold diagnostic testing and rapid detection of infection chains remain essential for better control of the pandemic. An effective vaccine is urgent."}, {"pmid": 32402007, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: chronicle of a health crisis foretold.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Werneck, Guilherme Loureiro", "Carvalho, Marilia Sa"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402007", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427594, "title": "What Should Surgeons Do In Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Beijing Experience.", "journal": "Dis Colon Rectum", "authors": ["Yao, Hongwei", "Pang, Kai", "Xiao, Gang", "Li, Fei", "Xiao, Yi", "Ye, Yingjiang", "Wang, Xin", "Xiu, Dianrong", "Wang, Zhenjun", "Du, Xiaohui", "Yao, Yunfeng", "Zhou, Lei", "Zhou, Chunlian", "Gu, Jin", "Zhang, Zhongtao"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427594", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32100667, "pmcid": "PMC7058650", "title": "Passengers' destinations from China: low risk of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) transmission into Africa and South America.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Haider, Najmul", "Yavlinsky, Alexei", "Simons, David", "Osman, Abdinasir Yusuf", "Ntoumi, Francine", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Kock, Richard"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100667", "countries": ["Thailand", "Mauritius", "Canada", "Italy", "France", "South Africa", "Egypt", "Malaysia", "Germany", "Brazil", "Australia", "China", "United Kingdom", "Ethiopia", "Russian Federation", "United States", "Cambodia"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV [SARS-COV-2]) was detected in humans during the last week of December 2019 at Wuhan city in China, and caused 24 554 cases in 27 countries and territories as of 5 February 2020. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of transmission of 2019-nCoV through human passenger air flight from four major cities of China (Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou) to the passengers' destination countries. We extracted the weekly simulated passengers' end destination data for the period of 1-31 January 2020 from FLIRT, an online air travel dataset that uses information from 800 airlines to show the direct flight and passengers' end destination. We estimated a risk index of 2019-nCoV transmission based on the number of travellers to destination countries, weighted by the number of confirmed cases of the departed city reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). We ranked each country based on the risk index in four quantiles (4th quantile being the highest risk and 1st quantile being the lowest risk). During the period, 388 287 passengers were destined for 1297 airports in 168 countries or territories across the world. The risk index of 2019-nCoV among the countries had a very high correlation with the WHO-reported confirmed cases (0.97). According to our risk score classification, of the countries that reported at least one Coronavirus-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) case as of 5 February 2020, 24 countries were in the 4th quantile of the risk index, two in the 3rd quantile, one in the 2nd quantile and none in the 1st quantile. Outside China, countries with a higher risk of 2019-nCoV transmission are Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Canada and the USA, all of which reported at least one case. In pan-Europe, UK, France, Russia, Germany and Italy; in North America, USA and Canada; in Oceania, Australia had high risk, all of them reported at least one case. In Africa and South America, the risk of transmission is very low with Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt, Mauritius and Brazil showing a similar risk of transmission compared to the risk of any of the countries where at least one case is detected. The risk of transmission on 31 January 2020 was very high in neighbouring Asian countries, followed by Europe (UK, France, Russia and Germany), Oceania (Australia) and North America (USA and Canada). Increased public health response including early case recognition, isolation of identified case, contract tracing and targeted airport screening, public awareness and vigilance of health workers will help mitigate the force of further spread to na\u00efve countries."}, {"pmid": 32525587, "title": "Potential for elimination of SAR-CoV-2 through vaccination as inspired by elimination of multiple influenza viruses through natural pandemics or mass vaccination.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Ji-Ming", "Sun, Ying-Xue", "Chen, Ji-Wang"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525587", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 has claimed many lives worldwide. To combat the pandemic, multiple types of vaccines are under development with unprecedented rapidity. Theoretically, the future vaccination against COVID-19 may fall into long-term costly guerrilla warfare between SARS-CoV-2 and humans. Elimination of SARS-CoV-2 through vaccination to avoid the potential long-term costly guerrilla warfare, if possible, is highly desired and worth intensive consideration. Human influenza pandemics emerging in 1957, 1968, and 2009 established strong global herd immunity and led to elimination of three human influenza viruses which circulated worldwide for years before the pandemics. Moreover, both clade 7.2 of subtype H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and subtype H7N9 avian influenza virus circulated in poultry in China for years, and they have been virtually eliminated through mass vaccination in recent years. These facts suggested that rapid establishment of global herd immunity through mass vaccination using a proper vaccine could eliminate SARS-CoV-2. The coming two years is the golden time for the elimination through vaccination which requires tremendous national and international collaboration. This review also prioritized the efficacy of vaccines for COVID-19 and elucidated the importance for development of more live vaccines for COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32385858, "pmcid": "PMC7272969", "title": "Erythema multiforme-like eruption in patients with COVID-19 infection: clinical and histological findings.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Jimenez-Cauhe, J", "Ortega-Quijano, D", "Carretero-Barrio, I", "Suarez-Valle, A", "Saceda-Corralo, D", "Moreno-Garcia Del Real, C", "Fernandez-Nieto, D"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385858", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID-19 infection are being increasingly reported. Several patterns have been described since the initial report by Recalcati,1 including erythematous maculo-papular,1 urticarial,1,2 chickenpox-like,1,3 purpuric peri-flexural,4 transient livedo reticularis,5 and acro-ischemic or chilblain-like lesions.6,7 Herein we report the observation a new pattern with erythema multiforme-like lesions in 4 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection. All of them were women, and the mean age was 66.75 years (range 58 - 77). The mean time period between the onset of COVID-19 symptoms to the appearance of cutaneous lesions was 19.5 days (range 16 - 24). One patient developed the skin rash during hospitalization. The remaining 3 patients had been previously discharged after clinical, analytical and radiologic improvement, and negativization of COVID-19 PCR test. These 3 patients returned to the Emergency department consulting for skin rashes 6, 7 and 4 days after discharge, respectively. Laboratory tests at the time of skin lesions showed worsening of one or more parameters, compared to those at the time of discharge (CRP, D-dimer and lymphocyte count). However, none of the patients presented recurrence of clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Microbiological studies were performed in 2 patients, excluding other infectious diseases (Table 1). In all patients, skin lesions begun as erythematous papules in upper trunk, that progressively turned to erythemato-violaceous patches with a dusky center, and a pseudo-vesicle in the middle. Typical target lesions were observed in two patients. Lesions were markedly coalescing in the back, and then spread to the face and limbs within 1 week, without involvement of palms and soles (Figure 1). Three patient had their oral cavity examined, showing palatal macules and petechiae. Histological examination was similar in all patients, revealing a normal basket-weave stratum corneum, and mild to moderate spongiosis in epidermis. The dermis showed dilated vessels filled with neutrophils, extravasation of red blood cells, and lymphocytic perivascular and interstitial infiltrate. Basal vacuolar changes with interface dermatitis was observed in 1 patient, and lymphocytic exocytosis in another (Figure 2). All patients were treated with systemic corticosteroids with progressive resolution of the skin lesions within 2-3 weeks. We are facing challenging times in Dermatology. New information and cutaneous manifestations possibly related to COVID-19 are emerging every day. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether these lesions are associated with the virus, the drug intake or any other conditions. Erythema multiforme (EM) is linked to infectious agents in 90% of the cases, while drug-associated EM is reported in less than 10% of cases. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are the main agents, but other viruses have been reported, such as Adenovirus, Coxsackie, Parvovirus B19.8 We suggest that this EM-like or target-like exanthem might be another pattern of exanthem associated with COVID-19 infection. Recent articles also report targetoid lesions in exanthems of patients with COVID-19 infection.9,10 In addition, the presence of pseudo-vesicles and enanthem are two clues that suggest an infectious cause rather than a drug reaction. However, we cannot positively exclude the involvement of the various drugs administered to the patients. This is a first observation that will require further investigations."}, {"pmid": 32341011, "title": "An Italian paediatric department at the time of Coronavirus: a resident's point of view.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Cognigni, Marta"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341011", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522282, "title": "Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Sivapalan, Pradeesh", "Ulrik, Charlotte Suppli", "Bojesen, Rasmus Dahlin", "Lapperre, Therese Sophie", "Eklof, Josefin Viktoria", "Hakansson, Kjell Erik Julius", "Browatzki, Andrea", "Tidemansen, Casper", "Wilcke, Jon Torgny", "Janner, Julie", "Gottlieb, Vibeke", "Meteran, Howraman", "Porsbjerg, Celeste", "Madsen, Birgitte Lindegaard", "Moberg, Mia", "Pedersen, Lars", "Benfield, Thomas Lars", "Lundgren, Jens Dilling", "Knop, Filip Krag", "Biering-Sorensen, Tor", "Ghanizada, Muzhda", "Sonne, Tine Peick", "Bodtger, Uffe Christian Steinholtz", "Jensen, Sidse Graff", "Rasmussen, Daniel Bech", "Brondum, Eva", "Tupper, Oliver Djurhuus", "Sorensen, Susanne Wiemann", "Alstrup, Gitte", "Laursen, Christian Borbjerg", "Moller, Ulla Weinrich", "Sverrild, Asger", "Jensen, Jens-Ulrik Staehr"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522282", "countries": ["Denmark"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this randomised GCP-controlled trial is to clarify whether combination therapy with the antibiotic azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine via anti-inflammation/immune modulation, antiviral efficacy and pre-emptive treatment of supra-infections can shorten hospitalisation duration for patients with COVID-19 (measured as \"days alive and out of hospital\" as the primary outcome), reduce the risk of non- invasive ventilation, treatment in the intensive care unit and death. This is a multi-centre, randomised, Placebo-controlled, 2-arm ratio 1:1, parallel group double-blind study. 226 participants are recruited at the trial sites/hospitals, where the study will take place in Denmark: Aalborg, Bispebjerg, Gentofte, Herlev, Hiller\u00f8d, Hvidovre, Odense and Slagelse hospitals. \u2022 Patient admitted to Danish emergency departments, respiratory medicine departments or internal medicine departments \u2022 Age\u2265 18 years \u2022 Hospitalized \u226448 hours \u2022 Positive COVID-19 test / diagnosis during the hospitalization (confirmed). \u2022 Men or non-fertile women. Fertile women* must not be pregnant, i.e. negative pregnancy test must be available at inclusion \u2022 Informed consent signed by the patient *Defined as after menarche and until postmenopausal (no menstruation for 12 months) Exclusion criteria: \u2022 At the time of recruitment, the patient uses >5 LO2/min (equivalent to 40% FiO2 if measured) \u2022 Known intolerance/allergy to azithromycin or hydroxychloroquine or hypersensitivity to quinine or 4-aminoquinoline derivatives \u2022 Neurogenic hearing loss \u2022 Psoriasis \u2022 Retinopathy \u2022 Maculopathy \u2022 Visual field changes \u2022 Breastfeeding \u2022 Severe liver diseases other than amoebiasis (INR> 1.5 spontaneously) \u2022 Severe gastrointestinal, neurological and hematological disorders (investigator-assessed) \u2022 eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 \u2022 Clinically significant cardiac conduction disorders/arrhythmias or prolonged QTc interval (QTc (f) of> 480/470 ms). \u2022 Myasthenia gravis \u2022 Treatment with digoxin* \u2022 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency \u2022 Porphyria \u2022 Hypoglycaemia (Blood glucose at any time since hospitalization of <3.0 mmol/L) \u2022 Severe mental illness which significantly impedes cooperation \u2022 Severe linguistic problems that significantly hinder cooperation \u2022 Treatment with ergot alkaloids *The patient must not be treated with digoxin for the duration of the intervention. For atrial fibrillation/flutter, select according to the Cardiovascular National Treatment Guide (NBV): Calcium antagonist, Beta blocker, direct current (DC) conversion or amiodarone. In case of urgent need for digoxin treatment (contraindication for the aforementioned equal alternatives), the test drug should be paused, and ECG should be taken daily. Control group: The control group will receive the standard treatment + placebo for both types of intervention medication at all times. If part or all the intervention therapy being investigated becomes standard treatment during the study, this may also be offered to the control group. Intervention group: The patients in the intervention group will also receive standard care. Immediately after randomisation to the intervention group, the patient will begin treatment with: Azithromycin: Day 1-3: 500 mg x 1 Day 4-15: 250 mg x 1 If the patient is unable to take the medication orally by themselves, the medication will, if possible, be administered by either stomach-feeding tube, or alternatively, temporary be changed to clarithromycin 500 mg x 2 (this only in agreement with either study coordinator Pradeesh Sivapalan or principal investigator Jens-Ulrik St\u00e6hr Jensen). This will also be done in the control group if necessary. The patient will switch back to azithromycin when possible. Hydroxychloroquine: Furthermore, the patient will be treated with hydroxychloroquine as follows: Day 1-15: 200 mg x 2 MAIN OUTCOMES: \u2022 Number of days alive and discharged from hospital within 14 days (summarises both whether the patient is alive and discharged from hospital) (\"Days alive and out of hospital\") RANDOMISATION: The sponsor (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Trial Network, COP:TRIN) generates a randomisation sequence. Randomisation will be in blocks of unknown size and the final allocation will be via an encrypted website (REDCap). There will be stratification for age (>70 years vs. <=70 years), site of recruitment and whether the patient has any of the following chronic lung diseases: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung disease (Yes vs. No). Participants and study personnel will both be blinded, i.e. neither will know which group the participant is allocated to. This study requires 226 patients randomised 1:1 with 113 in each group. Protocol version 1.8, from April 16, 2020. Recruitment is ongoing (first patient recruited April 6, 2020; final patient expected to be recruited October 31, 2020). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04322396 (registered March 26, 2020) FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2)."}, {"pmid": 32352944, "title": "[Options for controlling new Corona virus infection - 2019-nCoV].", "journal": "Pol Merkur Lekarski", "authors": ["Plusa, Tadeusz"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352944", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to the Situation Report 65 of the World Health Organization of March 25, 2020, the COVID-19 incidence rate indicates 413 467 confirmed cases and 18 433 deaths. Genetic diversification of the Corona virus has resulted in strains that cause severe respiratory tract infections in humans via drip and animal mediation. S-proteins covering its surface, which bind to the cell receptor - angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) and transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) are important in shaping virus activity. The course of infection varies from mild to severe. The ability to control infection is limited because there are no drugs that fully inhibit 2019-nCoV. Interferon-alpha (5 million U twice daily by inhalation), lopinavir/ritonavir (400/100 mg twice daily orally), as well as chloroquine (500 mg twice daily orally for 10 days) and azithromycin (500 mg twice per day) cause a milder course of the disease and reduce the duration of treatment. The administration of glucocorticosteroids and research drugs (tocilizumab) is acceptable for massive infiltrative lesions in the pulmonary parenchyma causing severe lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In the system operation it is necessary to create the socalled a safety matrix that would take into account the existing threat on the one hand and all available services and resources on the other. Precise analysis and separation of individual tasks can enable the creation of a real crisis management plan."}, {"pmid": 32396984, "pmcid": "PMC7272957", "title": "Point-of-care ultrasound in respiratory and critical care: consolidation and expansion of imaging skills.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Smith, M J", "Hayward, S A", "Innes, S M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396984", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525402, "title": "Atypical Presentation of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient.", "journal": "J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep", "authors": ["Bose, Subhasish", "Adapa, Sreedhar", "Konala, Venu Madhav", "Gopalreddy, Hemapriya", "Sohail, Salim", "Naramala, Srikanth", "Kondakindi, Hema", "Muppidi, Vijayadershan", "Ramachandran, Manoj V", "Juran, Peter J", "Aeddula, Narothama Reddy"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525402", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a rapidly spreading disease causing increased morbidity and mortality across the globe. There is limited available knowledge regarding the natural history of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Other factors that are also making this infection spread like a pandemic include global travelers, lack of proven treatment, asymptomatic carriers, potential reinfection, underprepared global health care systems, and lack of public awareness and efforts to prevent further spread. It is understood that certain preexisting medical conditions increase the risk of mortality with COVID-19; however, the outcome of this disease in traditionally vulnerable chronic illnesses such as end-stage renal disease is not well documented. We present a case of a 56-year-old African American lady with end-stage renal disease on the peritoneal dialysis who presented predominantly with nausea, vomiting, and subsequently found to have COVID-19. We use this case to illustrate an atypical presentation of the COVID-19 in a vulnerable patient and discuss the literature."}, {"pmid": 32342163, "pmcid": "PMC7184948", "title": "COVID-19: What Comes Next for IRs.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Hausegger, Klaus A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342163", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425706, "pmcid": "PMC7229745", "title": "We know liver biochemistries are elevated in COVID-19, but should we be concerned?", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Bloom, Patricia P", "Pasricha, Trisha S", "Viveiros, Kathleen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425706", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32152612, "title": "On a knife's edge of a COVID-19 pandemic: is containment still possible?", "journal": "Public Health Res Pract", "authors": ["MacIntyre, C Raina"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152612", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277969, "pmcid": "PMC7141704", "title": "The role of phylogenetic analysis in clarifying the infection source of a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wang, Jann-Tay", "Lin, You-Yu", "Chang, Sui-Yuan", "Yeh, Shiou-Hwei", "Hu, Bor-Hsian", "Chen, Pei-Jer", "Chang, Shan-Chwen"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277969", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32154135, "pmcid": "PMC7036645", "title": "Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia.", "journal": "Transl Pediatr", "authors": ["Zhu, Huaping", "Wang, Lin", "Fang, Chengzhi", "Peng, Sicong", "Zhang, Lianhong", "Chang, Guiping", "Xia, Shiwen", "Zhou, Wenhao"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32154135", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The newly identified 2019-nCoV, which appears to have originated in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province in central China, is spreading rapidly nationwide. A number of cases of neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia have been recorded. However, the clinical features of these cases have not been reported, and there is no sufficient evidence for the proper prevention and control of 2019-nCoV infections in neonates. The clinical features and outcomes of 10 neonates (including 2 twins) born to 9 mothers with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection in 5 hospitals from January 20 to February 5, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Among these 9 pregnant women with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection, onset of clinical symptoms occurred before delivery in 4 cases, on the day of delivery in 2 cases, and after delivery in 3 cases. In most cases, fever and a cough were the first symptoms experienced, and 1 patient also had diarrhea. Of the newborns born to these mothers, 8 were male and 2 were female; 4 were full-term infants and 6 were born premature; 2 were small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants and 1 was a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant; there were 8 singletons and 2 twins. Of the neonates, 6 had a Pediatric Critical Illness Score (PCIS) score of less than 90. Clinically, the first symptom in the neonates was shortness of breath (n=6), but other initial symptoms such as fever (n=2), thrombocytopenia accompanied by abnormal liver function (n=2), rapid heart rate (n=1), vomiting (n=1), and pneumothorax (n=1) were observed. Up to now, 5 neonates have been cured and discharged, 1 has died, and 4 neonates remain in hospital in a stable condition. Pharyngeal swab specimens were collected from 9 of the 10 neonates 1 to 9 days after birth for nucleic acid amplification tests for 2019-nCoV, all of which showed negative results. Perinatal 2019-nCoV infection may have adverse effects on newborns, causing problems such as fetal distress, premature labor, respiratory distress, thrombocytopenia accompanied by abnormal liver function, and even death. However, vertical transmission of 2019-nCoV is yet to be confirmed."}, {"pmid": 32398876, "title": "A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Amanat, Fatima", "Stadlbauer, Daniel", "Strohmeier, Shirin", "Nguyen, Thi H O", "Chromikova, Veronika", "McMahon, Meagan", "Jiang, Kaijun", "Arunkumar, Guha Asthagiri", "Jurczyszak, Denise", "Polanco, Jose", "Bermudez-Gonzalez, Maria", "Kleiner, Giulio", "Aydillo, Teresa", "Miorin, Lisa", "Fierer, Daniel S", "Lugo, Luz Amarilis", "Kojic, Erna Milunka", "Stoever, Jonathan", "Liu, Sean T H", "Cunningham-Rundles, Charlotte", "Felgner, Philip L", "Moran, Thomas", "Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo", "Caplivski, Daniel", "Cheng, Allen C", "Kedzierska, Katherine", "Vapalahti, Olli", "Hepojoki, Jussi M", "Simon, Viviana", "Krammer, Florian"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398876", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here, we describe a serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the screening and identification of human SARS-CoV-2 seroconverters. This assay does not require the handling of infectious virus, can be adjusted to detect different antibody types in serum and plasma and is amenable to scaling. Serological assays are of critical importance to help define previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in populations, identify highly reactive human donors for convalescent plasma therapy and investigate correlates of protection."}, {"pmid": 32455111, "pmcid": "PMC7233244", "title": "Intubation precautions in a pediatric patient with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pediatr Surg Case Rep", "authors": ["Shaw, Robert", "Tighe, Nathaniel", "Odegard, Kirsten C", "Alexander, Peta", "Emani, Sitaram", "Yuki, Koichi"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455111", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the case of a child diagnosed with COVID-19 soon after open-heart surgery who required an urgent second surgery. The patient suffered from severe COVID-19 disease. The utility of preoperative COVID-19 testing, determination of recovery by an array of inflammatory markers and perioperative management are described."}, {"pmid": 32386581, "pmcid": "PMC7252052", "title": "Chile plans controversial COVID-19 certificates.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Fraser, Barbara"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386581", "countries": ["Chile"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497191, "title": "Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Patients with COVID-19 or H1N1 Influenza.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gu, Silan", "Chen, Yanfei", "Wu, Zhengjie", "Chen, Yunbo", "Gao, Hainv", "Lv, Longxian", "Guo, Feifei", "Zhang, Xuewu", "Luo, Rui", "Huang, Chenjie", "Lu, Haifeng", "Zheng, Beiwen", "Zhang, Jiaying", "Yan, Ren", "Zhang, Hua", "Jiang, Huiyong", "Xu, Qiaomai", "Guo, Jing", "Gong, Yiwen", "Tang, Lingling", "Li, Lanjuan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497191", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging serious global health problem. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in COVID-19 patients, and SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in stool specimens. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and disease remains to be established. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 30 COVID-19 patients, 24 influenza A (H1N1) patients, and 30 matched healthy controls (HC) to identify differences in the gut microbiota by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene V3-V4 region sequencing. Compared with HC, COVID-19 patients had significantly reduced bacterial diversity, a significantly higher relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens, such as Streptococcus, Rothia, Veillonella and Actinomyces, and a lower relative abundance of beneficial symbionts. Five biomarkers showed high accuracy for distinguishing COVID-19 patients from HC with an area under the curve (AUC) up to 0.89. Patients with H1N1 displayed lower diversity and different overall microbial composition compared with COVID-19 patients. Seven biomarkers were selected to distinguish the two cohorts with an AUC of 0.94. The gut microbial signature of patients with COVID-19 was different from that of H1N1 patients and HC. Our study suggests the potential value of the gut microbiota as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for COVID-19, but further validation is needed."}, {"pmid": 32417311, "pmcid": "PMC7228733", "title": "The role of serology for COVID-19 control: Population, kinetics and test performance do matter.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Tre-Hardy, Marie", "Blairon, Laurent", "Wilmet, Alain", "Beukinga, Ingrid", "Malonne, Hugues", "Dogne, Jean-Michel", "Douxfils, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417311", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310920, "title": "[The role of multimodality imaging in COVID-19 patients: from diagnosis to clinical monitoring and prognosis].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["D'Andrea, Antonello", "Di Giannuario, Giovanna", "Marrazzo, Gemma", "Riegler, Lucia", "Mele, Donato", "Rizzo, Massimiliano", "Campana, Marco", "Gimelli, Alessia", "Khoury, Georgette", "Moreo, Antonella"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310920", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The integrated clinical, laboratory and ultrasound approach is essential for the diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation of the patient's therapy in COVID-19 pneumonia. The ideal imaging strategy in this setting is not yet well defined. Bedside pulmonary ultrasound presents an undeniable series of advantages in patients at high risk of infection, and can provide incremental data in the respiratory intensive care for the serial control of the individual patient, as well as for home delivery of stabilized patients. Chest X-ray is characterized by low sensitivity in identifying earlier lung changes. Pulmonary computed tomography shows high sensitivity but should not be routinely performed in all patients, because in the first 48 h it can be absolutely negative, and in the late phase imaging findings may not change the therapeutic approach. Echocardiography should be limited to patients with hemodynamic instability."}, {"pmid": 32530597, "title": "Happy Hypoxemia in COVID-19-A Neural Hypothesis.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["U R, Anoop", "Verma, Kavita"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530597", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many COVID-19 patients are presenting with atypical clinical features. Happy hypoxemia with almost normal breathing, anosmia in the absence of rhinitis or nasal obstruction, and ageusia are some of the reported atypical clinical findings. Based on the clinical manifestations of the disease, we are proposing a new hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 mediated inflammation of the nucleus tractus solitarius may be the reason for happy hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32475835, "title": "Patients with lupus with COVID-19: University of Michigan experience.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Wallace, Beth", "Washer, Laraine", "Marder, Wendy", "Kahlenberg, J Michelle"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475835", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348472, "pmcid": "PMC7197587", "title": "A Marker of Systemic Inflammation or Direct Cardiac Injury: Should Cardiac Troponin Levels be Monitored in COVID-19 Patients?", "journal": "Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes", "authors": ["Atallah, Bassam", "Mallah, Saad I", "AbdelWareth, Laila", "AlMahmeed, Wael", "Fonarow, Gregg C"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348472", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32083728, "pmcid": "PMC7165846", "title": "Global challenges in health and health care for nurses and midwives everywhere.", "journal": "Int Nurs Rev", "authors": ["Catton, H"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083728", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The next decade is likely to produce any number of global challenges that will affect health and health care, including pan-national infections such as the new coronavirus COVID-19 and others that will be related to global warming. Nurses will be required to react to these events, even though they will also be affected as ordinary citizens. The future resilience of healthcare services will depend on having sufficient numbers of nurses who are adequately resourced to face the coming challenges."}, {"pmid": 32430461, "title": "Lack of efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Vinetz, Joseph M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430461", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388072, "pmcid": "PMC7189837", "title": "Care home facilities as new COVID-19 hotspots: Lombardy Region (Italy) case study.", "journal": "Arch Gerontol Geriatr", "authors": ["Logar, Silvia"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493741, "title": "Understanding heterogeneity to inform the public health response to COVID-19 in Canada.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Mishra, Sharmistha", "Kwong, Jeffrey C", "Chan, Adrienne K", "Baral, Stefan D"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493741", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496924, "title": "Add to your learning experience as a histopathology professional: dealing with the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic and publications in this issue.", "journal": "J Histotechnol", "authors": ["Callis, Gayle M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496924", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485157, "pmcid": "PMC7261100", "title": "Diagnostic performances and thresholds: the key to harmonization in serological SARS-CoV-2 assays?", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Plebani, Mario", "Padoan, Andrea", "Negrini, Davide", "Carpinteri, Benedetta", "Sciacovelli, Laura"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485157", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The evaluation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific antibody (Ab) assay performances is of the utmost importance in establishing and monitoring virus spread in the community. In this study focusing on IgG antibodies, we compare reliability of three chemiluminescent (CLIA) and two enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. Sera from a total of 271 subjects, including 64 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients were tested for specific Ab using Maglumi (Snibe), Liaison (Diasorin), iFlash (Yhlo), Euroimmun (Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG) and Wantai (Wantai Biological Pharmacy) assays. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios were evaluated using manufacturers' and optimized thresholds. Optimized thresholds (Maglumi 2 kAU/L, Liaison 6.2 kAU/L and iFlash 15.0 kAU/L) allowed us to achieve a negative likelihood ratio and an accuracy of: 0.06 and 93.5% for Maglumi; 0.03 and 93.1% for Liaison; 0.03 and 91% for iFlash. Diagnostic sensitivities and specificities were above 93.8% and 85.9%, respectively for all CLIA assays. Overall agreement was 90.3% (Cohen's kappa\u00a0=\u00a00.805 and SE\u00a0=\u00a00.041) for CLIA, and 98.4% (Cohen's kappa\u00a0=\u00a00.962 and SE\u00a0=\u00a00.126) for ELISA. The results obtained indicate that, for CLIA assays, it might be possible to define thresholds that improve the negative likelihood ratio. Thus, a negative test result enables the identification of subjects at risk of being infected, who should then be closely monitored over time with a view to preventing further viral spread. Redefined thresholds, in addition, improved the overall inter-assay agreement, paving the way to a better harmonization of serologic tests."}, {"pmid": 32400380, "title": "[Lack of clinical evidence for the use of hydroxychloroquine to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Troldborg, Anne", "Bartels, Lars Erik", "Deleuran, Bent"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400380", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severity of COVID-19 disease has led to an urgent need for the discovery of new treatments. Thus, global stocks of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been put under pressure with a study of 26 patients treated with HCQ during their infection with SARS-CoV-2. Despite the study's lack of quality, several countries' medicines agencies subsequently issued guidelines for the use of HCQ for COVID-19. This review aims to elucidate potential mechanisms, which make HCQ treatment interesting in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the current evidence for clinical use of HCQ to treat COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32372821, "pmcid": "PMC7194965", "title": "Crisis hits end-of-life care.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Wilson, Clare"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372821", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The covid-19 pandemic has encouraged more people to make advance treatment decisions relating to CPR and ventilation, reports Clare Wilson."}, {"pmid": 32370069, "title": "Alternative Global Health Security Indexes for Risk Analysis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Chang, Chia-Lin", "McAleer, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370069", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the volume of research and discussion on the health, medical, economic, financial, political, and travel advisory aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the COVID-19 disease, it is essential to enquire if an outbreak of the epidemic might have been anticipated, given the well-documented history of SARS and MERS, among other infectious diseases. If various issues directly related to health security risks could have been predicted accurately, public health and medical contingency plans might have been prepared and activated in advance of an epidemic such as COVID-19. This paper evaluates an important source of health security, the Global Health Security Index (2019), which provided data before the discovery of COVID-19 in December 2019. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate how countries might have been prepared for a global epidemic, or pandemic, and acted accordingly in an effective and timely manner. The GHS index numerical scores are calculated as the arithmetic (AM), geometric (GM), and harmonic (HM) means of six categories, where AM uses equal weights for each category. The GHS Index scores are regressed on the numerical score rankings of the six categories to check if the use of equal weights of 0.167 in the calculation of the GHS Index using AM is justified, with GM and HM providing a check of the robustness of the arithmetic mean. The highest weights are determined to be around 0.244-0.246, while the lowest weights are around 0.186-0.187 for AM. The ordinal GHS Index is regressed on the ordinal rankings of the six categories to check for the optimal weights in the calculation of the ordinal Global Health Security (GHS) Index, where the highest weight is 0.368, while the lowest is 0.142, so the estimated results are wider apart than for the numerical score rankings. Overall, Rapid Response and Detection and Reporting have the largest impacts on the GHS Index score, whereas Risk Environment and Prevention have the smallest effects. The quantitative and qualitative results are different when GM and HM are used."}, {"pmid": 32238428, "title": "Dr. Li Wenliang and the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Czernin, Johannes"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238428", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502535, "pmcid": "PMC7265843", "title": "Virtual Cafes: An Innovative Way for Rapidly Disseminating Educational Best Practices and Building Community During COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Blankenburg, Rebecca", "Poitevien, Patricia", "Gonzalez Del Rey, Javier", "Degnon, Laura"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422410, "pmcid": "PMC7227500", "title": "Multiple-centre clinical evaluation of an ultrafast single-tube assay for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Wang, J", "Cai, K", "He, X", "Shen, X", "Wang, J", "Liu, J", "Xu, J", "Qiu, F", "Lei, W", "Cui, L", "Ge, Y", "Wu, T", "Zhang, Y", "Yan, H", "Chen, Y", "Yu, J", "Ma, X", "Shi, H", "Zhang, R", "Li, X", "Gao, Y", "Niu, P", "Tan, W", "Wu, G", "Jiang, Y", "Xu, W", "Ma, X"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422410", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the performance of an ultrafast single-tube nucleic acid isothermal amplification detection assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA using clinical samples from multiple centres. A reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) assay for SARS-CoV-2 was conducted within 15\u00a0minutes at 39\u00b0C with portable instruments after addition of extracted RNA. The clinical performance of RT-RAA assay was evaluated using 947 clinical samples from five institutions in four regions of China; approved commercial fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) kits were used for parallel detection. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-RAA were compared and analysed. The RT-RAA test results of 926 samples were consistent with those of qRT-PCR (330 were positive, 596 negative); 21 results were inconsistent. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-RAA was 97.63% (330/338, 95% confidence interval (CI) 95.21 to 98.90) and 97.87% (596/609, 95% CI 96.28 to 98.81) respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 96.21% (330/343, 95% CI 93.45 to 97.88) and 98.68% (596/604, 95% CI 97.30 to 99.38) respectively. The total coincidence rate was 97.78% (926/947, 95% CI 96.80 to 98.70), and the kappa was 0.952 (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). With comparable sensitivity and specificity to the commercial qRT-PCR kits, RT-RAA assay for SARS-CoV-2 exhibited the distinctive advantages of simplicity and rapidity in terms of operation and turnaround time."}, {"pmid": 32215589, "pmcid": "PMC7099444", "title": "Antibodies in Infants Born to Mothers With COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Zeng, Hui", "Xu, Chen", "Fan, Junli", "Tang, Yueting", "Deng, Qiaoling", "Zhang, Wei", "Long, Xinghua"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215589", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371818, "pmcid": "PMC7236846", "title": "Hypertension and coronavirus disease 2019 mortality.", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Tapia-Orihuela, Ruben Kevin A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371818", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393415, "pmcid": "PMC7251281", "title": "COVID-19 and Unfinished Mourning.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Farahmandnia, Behnam", "Hamdanieh, Lara", "Aghababaeian, Hamidreza"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393415", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235086, "title": "As COVID-19 cases, deaths and fatality rates surge in Italy, underlying causes require investigation.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Rubino, Salvatore", "Kelvin, Nikki", "Bermejo-Martin, Jesus F", "Kelvin, David"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235086", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 case fatalities surged during the month of March 2020 in Italy, reaching over 10,000 by 28 March 2020. This number exceeds the number of fatalities in China (3,301) recorded from January to March, even though the number of diagnosed cases was similar (85,000 Italy vs. 80,000 China). Case Fatality Rates (CFR) could be somewhat unreliable because the estimation of total case numbers is limited by several factors, including insufficient testing and limitations in test kits and materials, such as NP swabs and PPE for testers. Sero prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may help in more accurate estimations of the total number of cases. Nevertheless, the disparity in the differences in the total number of fatalities between Italy and China suggests investigation into several factors, such as demographics, sociological interactions, availability of medical equipment (ICU beds and PPE), variants in immune proteins (e.g., HLA, IFNs), past immunity to related CoVs, and mutations in SARS-CoV-2, could impact survival of severe COVID-19 illness survival and the number of case fatalities."}, {"pmid": 32283458, "pmcid": "PMC7144597", "title": "COVID-19 as a factor influencing air pollution?", "journal": "Environ Pollut", "authors": ["Dutheil, Frederic", "Baker, Julien S", "Navel, Valentin"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283458", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282614, "pmcid": "PMC7236841", "title": "Anesthetic Management of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke During COVID-19 Pandemic: Consensus Statement From Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology & Critical Care (SNACC): Endorsed by Society of Vascular & Interventional Neurology (SVIN), Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS), Neurocritical Care Society (NCS), European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) and American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) Cerebrovascular Section.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Sharma, Deepak", "Rasmussen, Mads", "Han, Ruquan", "Whalin, Matthew K", "Davis, Melinda", "Kofke, W Andrew", "Venkatraghvan, Lakshmikumar", "Raychev, Radoslav", "Fraser, Justin F"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282614", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has unique implications for the anesthetic management of endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke. The Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care appointed a task force to provide timely, consensus-based expert recommendations using available evidence for the safe and effective anesthetic management of endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this consensus statement is to provide recommendations for anesthetic management considering the following (and they are): (1) optimal neurological outcomes for patients; (2) minimizing the risk for health care professionals, and (3) facilitating judicious use of resources while accounting for existing variability in care. It provides a framework for selecting the optimal anesthetic technique (general anesthesia or monitored anesthesia care) for a given patient and offers suggestions for best practices for anesthesia care during the pandemic. Institutions and health care providers are encouraged to adapt these recommendations to best suit local needs, considering existing practice standards and resource availability to ensure safety of patients and providers."}, {"pmid": 32408722, "title": "In the Era of COVID-19: The Role of Spine Surgeons at the Epicenter of the Outbreak.", "journal": "Neurospine", "authors": ["Cho, Dae-Chul"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408722", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238353, "title": "David Oliver: Covid-19 will make us stop some activities for good.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Oliver, David"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238353", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434633, "title": "[Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: a clinical analysis of 20 cases].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Jun", "Wang, Xian-Feng", "Zhang, Pei-Fa"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434633", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study the clinical and epidemiological features of children with asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The clinical data of 20 children who were diagnosed with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection from January 20 to March 4, 2020 were analyzed. Among the 20 children, there were 7 boys (35%) and 13 girls (65%), aged 8 months to 14 years (mean 8\u00b15 years). All these children had no clinical manifestations and attended the hospital for an epidemiological history of SARS-CoV-2. Nineteen children were shown with family aggregation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nasopharyngeal swabs were PCR-positive for SARS-CoV-2 in all 20 children. There were 4 children (20%) of mild type, 16 children (80%) of common type, and no children of severe type or critical type. The mean peripheral blood leukocyte count was (6.8\u00b13.5)\u00d7109/L, and 7 children had an abnormal peripheral blood leukocyte count, with an increase in 5 children and a reduction in 2 children. One child had a decreased absolute value of lymphocytes (0.87\u00d7109/L), 3 children had an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (20-42\u2005mm/h), 7 children had an increased lactate dehydrogenase level (>400\u2005U/L), and 4 children had an increased blood lactate level (>1.6\u2005mmol/L). Chest CT showed single or multiple small nodule shadows, patchy shadows, and ground-glass shadows in the middle or lateral lobe of lungs or under the pleura in 13 children. Pediatric cases of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection mostly occur with family aggregation. Most of the children with asymptomatic infection have no obvious abnormalities in blood routine and other laboratory tests. Changes in chest CT scan can be used as an aid for early diagnosis of asymptomatic infection in children."}, {"pmid": 32360703, "pmcid": "PMC7191280", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2-dependent implications on the cardiovascular system: From basic science to clinical implications.", "journal": "J Mol Cell Cardiol", "authors": ["Gross, Sonja", "Jahn, Christopher", "Cushman, Sarah", "Bar, Christian", "Thum, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360703", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic started several months ago and is still exponentially growing in most parts of the world - this is the most recent and alarming update. COVID-19 requires the collaboration of nearly 200 countries to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 while gaining time to explore and improve treatment options especially for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and immunocompromised patients, who appear to be at high-risk to die from cardiopulmonary failure. Currently unanswered questions are why elderly people, particularly those with pre-existing comorbidities seem to exhibit higher mortality rates after SARS-CoV-2 infection and whether intensive care becomes indispensable for these patients to prevent multi-organ failure and sudden death. To face these challenges, we here summarize the molecular insights into viral infection mechanisms and implications for cardiovascular disease. Since the infection starts in the upper respiratory system, first flu-like symptoms develop that spread throughout the body. The wide range of affected organs is presumably based on the common expression of the major SARS-CoV-2 entry-receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Physiologically, ACE2 degrades angiotensin II, the master regulator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), thereby converting it into vasodilatory molecules, which have well-documented cardio-protective effects. Thus, RAAS inhibitors, which may increase the expression levels of ACE2, are commonly used for the treatment of hypertension and CVD. This, and the fact that SARS-CoV-2 hijacks ACE2 for cell-entry, have spurred controversial discussions on the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 patients. In this review, we highlight the state-of-the-art knowledge on SARS-CoV-2-dependent mechanisms and the potential interaction with ACE2 expression and cell surface localization. We aim to provide a list of potential treatment options and a better understanding of why CVD is a high risk factor for COVID-19 susceptibility and further discuss the acute as well as long-term cardiac consequences."}, {"pmid": 32234132, "title": "[First case of neonate with COVID-19 in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zeng, L K", "Tao, X W", "Yuan, W H", "Wang, J", "Liu, X", "Liu, Z S"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234132", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356601, "pmcid": "PMC7262014", "title": "Dermatology patients' knowledge and concerns regarding their immunomodulatory medication during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Keeling, Elizabeth", "Daly, Selene", "McKenna, Dermot B"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356601", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419722, "pmcid": "PMC7224966", "title": "Interventional Radiology and the Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Semin Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Ray, Charles E Jr"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419722", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334050, "pmcid": "PMC7175883", "title": "The Vascular Surgery COVID-19 Collaborative (VASCC).", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Mouawad, Nicolas J", "Cuff, Robert F", "Hultgren, Rebecka", "Chuen, Jason", "Galeazzi, Edoardo", "Wohlauer, Max"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334050", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336080, "title": "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for critically ill patients with coronavirus-associated disease 2019: an updated perspective of the European experience.", "journal": "Minerva Cardioangiol", "authors": ["Marullo, Antonino G", "Cavarretta, Elena", "Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe", "Mancone, Massimo", "Peruzzi, Mariangela", "Piscioneri, Fernando", "Sartini, Patrizio", "Versaci, Francesco", "Morelli, Andrea", "Miraldi, Fabio", "Frati, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336080", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection due to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), i.e. Coronavirus-associated disease 2019 (COVID-2019), may occasionally lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), requiring in the most severe cases extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Yet, limited data, if any, are currently available on the role of ECMO in critically ill patients with COVID-19. We aimed at providing a snapshot analysis of ECMO for COVID-19 in Europe. Freely available data on ECMO in COVID-19 patients reported by the European Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (EuroELSO) were extracted and analyzed after conversion into long format. The primary outcome was the incidence of death during ECMO. Bootstrapping and logistic regression was used for inferential estimates. Details from a total of 333 patients treated in 90 institutions spanning 17 countries were obtained, with 22% women and mean age of 52 years. Death rate was 17.1% (95% confidence interval: 13.1% to 21.1%), even if significant between-center differences were found, with some institutions reporting 100% case fatality. Exploratory inferential analysis showed no nominally statistically significant association between death and gender (p=0.788), but a significant association was found with age, mainly due to increased case fatality in subjects >60 years (odds ratio: 4.80 [95% confidence interval 1.64 to 14.04], p=0.004). ECMO may play an important role in critically ill patients with COVID-19 refractory to less invasive treatments. The increased risk of early death in older patients may be used to prioritize ECMO indication in resource-conscious settings, if confirmed externally."}, {"pmid": 32220862, "title": "Covid-19: Over 300 Italian doctors and scientists call for more testing.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Paterlini, Marta"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220862", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458198, "pmcid": "PMC7250275", "title": "Acute transverse myelitis after COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Munz, Maike", "Wessendorf, Swen", "Koretsis, Georgios", "Tewald, Friedemann", "Baegi, Reem", "Kramer, Stefan", "Geissler, Michael", "Reinhard, Matthias"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458198", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289312, "pmcid": "PMC7151463", "title": "Triage of Scarce Critical Care Resources in COVID-19 An Implementation Guide for Regional Allocation: An Expert Panel Report of the Task Force for Mass Critical Care and the American College of Chest Physicians.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Maves, Ryan C", "Downar, James", "Dichter, Jeffrey R", "Hick, John L", "Devereaux, Asha", "Geiling, James A", "Kissoon, Niranjan", "Hupert, Nathaniel", "Niven, Alexander S", "King, Mary A", "Rubinson, Lewis L", "Hanfling, Dan", "Hodge, James G Jr", "Marshall, Mary Faith", "Fischkoff, Katherine", "Evans, Laura E", "Tonelli, Mark R", "Wax, Randy S", "Seda, Gilbert", "Parrish, John S", "Truog, Robert D", "Sprung, Charles L", "Christian, Michael D"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289312", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221001, "title": "Possible method for the production of a Covid-19 vaccine.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Myint, Aung", "Jones, Trevor"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221001", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358057, "title": "Overcoming the bottleneck to widespread testing: A rapid review of nucleic acid testing approaches for COVID-19 detection.", "journal": "RNA", "authors": ["Esbin, Meagan N", "Whitney, Oscar N", "Chong, Shasha", "Maurer, Anna", "Darzacq, Xavier", "Tjian, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358057", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic presents a serious public health crisis, and a better understanding of the scope and spread of the virus would be aided by more widespread testing. Nucleic-acid based tests currently offer the most sensitive and early detection of COVID-19. However, the \"gold standard\" test pioneered by the United States Center for Disease Control & Prevention, takes several hours to complete and requires extensive human labor, materials such as RNA extraction kits that could become in short supply and relatively scarce qPCR machines. It is clear that a huge effort needs to be made to scale up current COVID-19 testing by orders of magnitude. There is thus a pressing need to evaluate alternative protocols, reagents, and approaches to allow nucleic-acid testing to continue in the face of these potential shortages. There has been a tremendous explosion in the number of papers written within the first weeks of the pandemic evaluating potential advances, comparable reagents, and alternatives to the \"gold-standard\" CDC RT-PCR test. Here we present a collection of these recent advances in COVID-19 nucleic acid testing, including both peer-reviewed and preprint articles. Due to the rapid developments during this crisis, we have included as many publications as possible, but many of the cited sources have not yet been peer-reviewed, so we urge researchers to further validate results in their own labs. We hope that this review can urgently consolidate and disseminate information to aid researchers in designing and implementing optimized COVID-19 testing protocols to increase the availability, accuracy, and speed of widespread COVID-19 testing."}, {"pmid": 32358934, "title": "A Research Agenda on the Sexual and Reproductive Health Dimensions of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa.", "journal": "Afr J Reprod Health", "authors": ["Ahonsi, Babatunde"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358934", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270884, "pmcid": "PMC7262198", "title": "Role of nonstructural proteins in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["da Silva, Severino Jefferson Ribeiro", "Alves da Silva, Caroline Targino", "Mendes, Renata Pessoa Germano", "Pena, Lindomar"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270884", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514473, "pmcid": "PMC7242958", "title": "Meeting the challenges imposed by COVID-19: Guidance document by the ESTRO Radiation TherapisT Committee (RTTC).", "journal": "Tech Innov Patient Support Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Tsang, Yat", "Duffton, Aileen", "Leech, Michelle", "Rossi, Maddalena", "Scherer, Philipp"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514473", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 - a novel coronavirus was firstly reported in December 2019. In response to threats imposed by COVID-19, the European society for radiotherapy and oncology Radiation TherapisT Committee (ESTRO RTTC) prepared this document in conjunction with an infographic with four main domains: patient care, RTT workflow, remote working and RT practice. In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, RTTs should be empowered with appropriate guidance and personal protection equipment in order to provide a safe radiotherapy service by limiting potential viral exposure to patients, healthcare workers and general public."}, {"pmid": 32489939, "pmcid": "PMC7242287", "title": "Abdomen CT findings in a COVID-19 patient with intestinal symptoms and possibly false negative RT-PCR before initial discharge.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Guo, Yi", "Hu, Xiaofei", "Yu, Fei", "Chen, Jiao", "Zheng, Wei", "Liu, Jun", "Zeng, Ping"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489939", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402565, "pmcid": "PMC7252069", "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Transmission in Patients With Cancer Still Being Described.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Tan, J", "Yang, C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402565", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369475, "title": "[Recommendations of the Society of Gastroenterology of Peru to avoid the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through digestive endoscopy procedures].", "journal": "Rev Gastroenterol Peru", "authors": ["Prochazka Za Rate, Ricardo Arturo", "Cabrera Cabrejos, Maria Cecilia", "Piscoya, Alejandro", "Vera Calderon, Augusto Francisco"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369475", "countries": ["Peru"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus produces the disease called COVID-19, currently spreading in a rapidly evolving pandemic. It can be transmitted by contact, drops and aerosols, and has been isolated from gastrointestinal secretions and faeces. During digestive endoscopy, transmission by any of these mechanisms could occur. It is recommended to limit digestive endoscopy to cases of digestive bleeding, severe dysphagia, foreign body in the digestive tract, biliary obstruction with intractable pain or cholangitis, pseudocyst or complicated encapsulated pancreatic necrosis, gastrointestinal obstruction, and cases at risk of deterioration over time. It is recommended to screen patients based on temperature, symptoms, and epidemiological factors to classify them according to their risk of infection. For procedures in low risk patients, personnel must wear a disposable gown, gloves, eye or face shield, standard surgical mask, disposable hat, disposable shoe covers. In cases of intermediate or high risk, or confirmed COVID-19, protection should be increased using disposable waterproof gown, N95 respirator or similar, and double glove. In case of shortage it may be necessary to reuse N95 respirators for up to 5 uses, following CDC recommendations for donning, removing and storing to prevent secondary contact contamination. Likewise, all protective equipment should be put on and removed according to CDC recommendations. The presence of personnel in endoscopy should be limited to the bare minimum. Said personnel must have daily temperature control and if it is above 37.3\u00baC, the corresponding evaluation must be carried out. After each procedure, the stretcher and room surfaces should be properly disinfected. High-level disinfection of endoscopes eliminates SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32267461, "pmcid": "PMC7156251", "title": "Chest radiography and computed tomography findings from a Brazilian patient with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Moreira, Bruno Lima", "Brotto, Marcos Pama D'Almeida", "Marchiori, Edson"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267461", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367418, "pmcid": "PMC7197364", "title": "Imaging features and evolution on CT in 100 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Zhou, Shuchang", "Zhu, Tingting", "Wang, Yujing", "Xia, LiMing"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367418", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate CT images of 100 confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients to describe the lesion distribution, CT signs, and evolution during different courses. A retrospective study of 100 COVID-19 pneumonia patients without ARDS was performed, and CT scans were reviewed. A COVID-19 pneumonia course diagram was drawn. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the lesion distribution and CT scores, \u03c72 test was used to compare the CT findings between different stages. A total of 272 CT scans from 100 patients (mean age, 52.3\u00a0years\u2009\u00b1\u200913.1) were investigated. Four patients with lung abnormalities on CT first showed negative RT-PCR result and turned positive afterwards. One hundred sixty-nine (62.1%) showed predominantly peripheral distribution. The CT scores of the upper zone (3.4\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6) were significantly lower than those of the middle (5.0\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9) and lower (4.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6) zones (p\u00a0<\u20090.001). The CT scores of the anterior zones (4.9\u2009\u00b1\u20094.7) were significantly lower than those of the posterior zones (8.4\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2) (p\u00a0<\u20090.001). In the early rapid progressive stage (1~7\u00a0days), ground glass opacity (GGO) plus reticular pattern (58.1%), GGO plus consolidation (43.0%), and GGO (41.9%) were all common. In the advanced stage (8~14\u00a0days), GGO plus consolidation (79.8%) and repairing CT signs (subpleural line, bronchus distortion, and fibrotic strips) showed a significant increase (p\u00a0<\u20090.05). In the absorption stage, GGO plus consolidation (9.1%) sharply decreased (p\u00a0<\u20090.05). CT imaging of COVID-19 pneumonia showed a predominantly peripheral, middle and lower, and posterior distribution. The early rapid progressive stage is 1~7\u00a0days from symptom onset, the advanced stage with peak levels of abnormalities on CT is 8~14\u00a0days, and the abnormalities started to improve after 14\u00a0days. \u2022 The course of COVID-19 pneumonia consists of three stages: 1~7\u00a0days is the early rapid progressive stage, 8~14\u00a0days is the advanced stage, and after 14\u00a0days, the abnormalities started to decrease. \u2022 In the early rapid progressive stage, GGO plus a reticular pattern, GGO plus consolidation, and GGO were all common signs; in the advanced stage, signs of progression and absorption coexisted; lung abnormalities showed an asynchronous process with parts with absorption and parts progressing. \u2022 Lung abnormalities mainly showed predominantly peripheral, middle, and lower distribution."}, {"pmid": 32523611, "pmcid": "PMC7255468", "title": "A brief note on randomized controlled trials and compassionate/off-label use of drugs in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Drugs Context", "authors": ["Bassetti, Matteo", "Pelosi, Paolo", "Robba, Chiara", "Vena, Antonio", "Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523611", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the best way to find effective and acceptable safe treatments for COVID-19 and any possible future outbreak. However, caution is needed when comparing the number of participants in RCTs with that of patients with COVID-19 treated with compassionate and/or off-label drugs to support the hypothesis that the latter are preferred by clinicians as an alternative to the former."}, {"pmid": 32251639, "pmcid": "PMC7271155", "title": "Baricitinib for COVID-19: a suitable treatment? - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Richardson, Peter J", "Corbellino, Mario", "Stebbing, Justin"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251639", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349175, "pmcid": "PMC7267379", "title": "Effectiveness of a 'fast lung ultrasound teaching program' for gynecologists/obstetricians dealing with pregnant women with suspicion of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Buonsenso, D", "Moro, F", "Inchingolo, R", "Smargiassi, A", "Demi, L", "Soldati, G", "Moroni, R", "Lanzone, A", "Scambia, G", "Testa, A C"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508038, "title": "Can routine laboratory tests discriminate SARS-CoV-2-infected pneumonia from other causes of community-acquired pneumonia?", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Pan, Yunbao", "Ye, Guangming", "Zeng, Xiantao", "Liu, Guohong", "Zeng, Xiaojiao", "Jiang, Xianghu", "Zhao, Jin", "Chen, Liangjun", "Guo, Shuang", "Deng, Qiaoling", "Hong, Xiaoyue", "Yang, Ying", "Li, Yirong", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508038", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) resembles that of other etiologies of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to identify clinical laboratory features to distinguish COVID-19 from CAP. We compared the hematological and biochemical features of 84 patients with COVID-19 at hospital admission and 221 patients with CAP. Parameters independently predictive of COVID-19 were calculated by multivariate logistic regression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was measured to evaluate the discriminative ability. Most hematological and biochemical indexes of patients with COVID-19 were significantly different from patients with CAP. Nine laboratory parameters were identified to be predictive of a diagnosis of COVID-19. The AUCs demonstrated good discriminatory ability for red cell distribution width (RDW) with an AUC of 0.87 and hemoglobin with an AUC of 0.81. Red blood cell, albumin, eosinophil, hematocrit, alkaline phosphatase, and mean platelet volume had fair discriminatory ability. Combinations of any two parameters performed better than did the RDW alone. Routine laboratory examinations may be helpful for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Application of laboratory tests may help to optimize the use of isolation rooms for patients when they present with unexplained febrile respiratory illnesses."}, {"pmid": 32324976, "title": "COPD at the Time of COVID-19: A COPD Foundation Perspective.", "journal": "Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis", "authors": ["Tal-Singer, Ruth", "Crapo, James D"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324976", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289302, "pmcid": "PMC7151402", "title": "A HIGH-VOLUME THORACIC SURGERY DIVISION INTO THE STORM OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Maurizi, Giulio", "Rendina, Erino Angelo"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289302", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531133, "title": "COVID 19 and its impact on cosmetic dermatology.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Galadari, Hassan", "Gupta, Atula", "Kroumpouzos, George", "Kassir, Martin", "Rudnicka, Lidia", "Lotti, Torello", "Berg, Roberta Vasconcelos", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531133", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463716, "title": "Effect of COVID-19 on Urology Residency Training: A Nationwide Survey of Program Directors by the Society of Academic Urologists.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Rosen, Geoffrey H", "Murray, Katie S", "Greene, Kirsten L", "Pruthi, Raj S", "Richstone, Lee", "Mirza, Moben"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463716", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has profoundly impacted residency training and education. To date, there has not been any broad assessment of urological surgery residency changes and concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Society of Academic Urologists distributed a questionnaire to urology residency program directors on March 30, 2020 exploring residency programs changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics are presented. A qualitative analysis of free response questions was undertaken. A post hoc analysis of differences related to local COVID-19 incidence is described. The survey was distributed to 144 residency programs with 65 responses for a 45% response rate. Reserve staffing had started in 80% of programs. Patient-contact time had decreased significantly from 4.7 to 2.1 days per week (P<0.001). Redeployment was reported by 26% of programs. Sixty percent of programs reported concern that residents will not meet case minimums due to COVID-19. Wellness activities centered on increased communication. All programs had begun to use video-conferencing and the majority planned to continue using this. Programs in states with higher incidence of COVID-19 were more likely to report resident redeployment (48% vs 11%, P=0.002) and exposure to COVID-19-positive patients (70% vs 40%, P=0.03) and were less likely to report concerns regarding exposure (78% vs 97%, P=0.02) and personal protective equipment (PPE) availability (62% vs 89%, P=0.02). As of April 1, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had resulted in significant changes in urology residency programs. These findings inform a rapidly changing landscape and aid in development of best practices."}, {"pmid": 32471584, "pmcid": "PMC7151519", "title": "COVID-19 and Shock: A Cautionary Tale for Elderly Patients From a Pooled Analysis.", "journal": "Ann Emerg Med", "authors": ["Desai, Rupak", "Singh, Sandeep", "Parekh, Tarang", "Sachdeva, Sonali", "Kumar, Lekshmi", "Sachdeva, Rajesh", "Kumar, Gautam"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471584", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398330, "title": "A Call for Pediatric COVID-19 Clinical Trials.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Campbell, Jeffrey I", "Ocwieja, Karen E", "Nakamura, Mari M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398330", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367765, "pmcid": "PMC7212543", "title": "Prediction of severe illness due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of initial Fibrinogen to Albumin Ratio and Platelet count.", "journal": "Platelets", "authors": ["Bi, Xiaojie", "Su, Zhengxian", "Yan, Haixi", "Du, Juping", "Wang, Jing", "Chen, Linping", "Peng, Minfei", "Chen, Shiyong", "Shen, Bo", "Li, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367765", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Concomitant coagulation disorder can occur in severe patients withCOVID-19, but in-depth studies are limited. This study aimed to describe the parameters of coagulation function of patients with COVID-19 and reveal the risk factors of developing severe disease. This study retrospectively analyzed 113patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Taizhou Public Health Center. Clinical characteristics and indexes of coagulation function were collected. A multivariate Cox analysis was performed to identify potential biomarkers for predicting disease progression. Based on the results of multivariate Cox analysis, a Nomogram was built and the predictive accuracy was evaluated through the calibration curve, decision curve, clinical impact curve, and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values were calculated to assess the clinical value. The data showed that Fibrinogen, FAR, and D-dimer were higher in the severe patients, while PLTcount, Alb were much lower. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that FAR and PLT count were independent risk factors for disease progression. The optimal cutoff values for FAR and PLT count were 0.0883 and 135*109/L, respectively. The C-index [0.712 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.610-0.814)], decision curve, clinical impact curve showed that Nomogram could be used to predict the disease progression. In addition, the Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that potential risk decreased in patients with FAR<0.0883 and PLT count>135*109/L.The model showed a good negative predictive value [(0.9474 (95%CI\u00a0=\u00a00.845-0.986)].This study revealed that FAR and PLT count were independent risk factors for severe illness and the severity of COVID-19 might be excluded when FAR<0.0883 and PLT count>135*109/L."}, {"pmid": 32372051, "pmcid": "PMC7200206", "title": "Bioinformatic prediction of potential T cell epitopes for SARS-Cov-2.", "journal": "J Hum Genet", "authors": ["Kiyotani, Kazuma", "Toyoshima, Yujiro", "Nemoto, Kensaku", "Nakamura, Yusuke"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372051", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To control and prevent the current COVID-19 pandemic, the development of novel vaccines is an emergent issue. In addition, we need to develop tools that can measure/monitor T-cell and B-cell responses to know how our immune system is responding to this deleterious virus. However, little information is currently available about the immune target epitopes of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) to induce host immune responses. Through a comprehensive bioinformatic screening of potential epitopes derived from the SARS-CoV-2 sequences for HLAs commonly present in the Japanese population, we identified 2013 and 1399 possible peptide epitopes that are likely to have the high affinity (<0.5%- and 2%-rank, respectively) to HLA class I and II molecules, respectively, that may induce CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses. These epitopes distributed across the structural (spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid proteins) and the nonstructural proteins (proteins corresponding to six open reading frames); however, we found several regions where high-affinity epitopes were significantly enriched. By comparing the sequences of these predicted T cell epitopes to the other coronaviruses, we identified 781 HLA-class I and 418 HLA-class II epitopes that have high homologies to SARS-CoV. To further select commonly-available epitopes that would be applicable to larger populations, we calculated population coverages based on the allele frequencies of HLA molecules, and found 2 HLA-class I epitopes covering 83.8% of the Japanese population. The findings in the current study provide us valuable information to design widely-available vaccine epitopes against SARS-CoV-2 and also provide the useful information for monitoring T-cell responses."}, {"pmid": 32516070, "title": "Establishing Mayo Clinic's Coronavirus Disease 2019 Virtual Clinic: A Preliminary Communication.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Jethwa, Tarang", "Ton, Angie", "Paredes Molina, Carolina Stefany", "Speicher, Leigh", "Walsh, Katherine", "Knight, Dacre", "Davlantes, Timothy", "Francis, Dawn"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516070", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is taking a massive toll on health care systems globally. We developed the COVID-19 virtual clinic (CVC) in conjunction with drive through testing to cope with this situation. There are two arms of the CVC: (1) a screening arm and (2) positive patient arm. Screening is performed over the phone based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention screening guideline. Positive patients are followed at regular intervals by video appointments where concerns can be addressed by a provider while also tracking symptom progression. We enrolled 63 positive patients out of 1,153 screened for COVID-19 as of this writing. The CVC continues to address patients' concerns and symptoms in an effort to minimize emergency department and hospital patient volumes, as incidence increases. Drive through testing in conjunction with a virtual clinic allows us to provide high-quality care in an anxious time without consuming excessive personal protective equipment or unnecessarily exposing health care workers. This article could serve as a model to guide other practices to cope with this and future pandemics.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32161416, "title": "Politicians: please work together to minimise the spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Murdoch, David", "Addidle, Michael", "Andersson, Hanna-Sofia", "Arnold, Brendan", "Balm, Michelle", "Benschop, Jackie", "Betty, Bryan", "Birch, Mark", "Bloomfield, Max", "Brunton, Cheryl", "Burns, Andrew", "Chambers, Stephen", "Cook, Lynley", "Dalton, Simon", "Duncan, Harvey", "Elvy, Juliet", "Everts, Richard", "Freeman, Joshua", "French, Nigel", "Grimwade, Kate", "Hammer, David", "Hayman, David", "Holland, David", "Hudson, Ben", "Huggan, Paul", "Ikram, Rosemary", "Jack, Susan", "Kelly, Matthew", "Lamont, Iain", "Maze, Michael", "McAuliffe, Gary", "McBride, Stephen", "Metcalf, Sarah", "Morpeth, Susan", "Morris, Arthur", "Murton, Samantha", "Pink, Ramon", "Pithie, Alan", "Pitout, Martin", "Priest, Patricia", "Raymond, Nigel", "Read, Kerry", "Ritchie, Stephen", "Rogers, Matthew", "Schroeder, Philip", "Taylor, Susan", "Taylor, James", "Thomas, Mark", "Upton, Arlo", "Ussher, James", "Werno, Anja", "Wiles, Siouxsie"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161416", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525706, "title": "The status surrounding chloroquine and other drugs as potential anti-infective agents for COVID-19.", "journal": "Expert Rev Respir Med", "authors": ["Ramotar, Dindial"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525706", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305156, "pmcid": "PMC7195306", "title": "Keeping pace: An ED communications strategy for COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Baugh, Joshua J", "Sonis, Jonathan D", "Wittbold, Kelley A", "White, Benjamin A", "Raja, Ali S", "Aaronson, Emily L", "Biddinger, Paul D", "Yun, Brian J"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383812, "pmcid": "PMC7273059", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and Multiple Sclerosis: Not All Immune Depleting DMTs are Equal or Bad.", "journal": "Ann Neurol", "authors": ["Amor, Sandra", "Baker, David", "Khoury, Samia J", "Schmierer, Klaus", "Giovanonni, Gavin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383812", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327001, "pmcid": "PMC7211796", "title": "Short-Term Effects of Mitigation Measures for the Containment of the COVID-19 Outbreak: An Experience From Northern Italy.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Moirano, Giovenale", "Schmid, Maurizio", "Barone-Adesi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327001", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We evaluated the short-term effects of mitigation measures imposed by the Italian government on the first 10 municipalities affected by Sars-Cov-2 spread. Our results suggest that the effects of containment measures can be appreciated in about approximately 2 wk."}, {"pmid": 32335367, "pmcid": "PMC7165108", "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An overview of viral structure and host response.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Astuti, Indwiani", "Ysrafil"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335367", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a result of its rapid spread in various countries around the world, on March 11, 2020, WHO issued an announcement of the change in coronavirus disease 2019 status from epidemic to pandemic disease. The virus that causes this disease is indicated originating from animals traded in a live animal market in Wuhan, China. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 can attack lung cells because there are many conserved receptor entries, namely Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2. The presence of this virus in host cells will initiate various protective responses leading to pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. This review aimed to provide an overview related to this virus and examine the body's responses and possible therapies. We searched PubMed databases for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Full texts were retrieved, analyzed and developed into an easy-to-understand review. We provide a complete review related to structure, origin, and how the body responds to this virus infection and explain the possibility of an immune system over-reaction or cytokine storm. We also include an explanation of how this virus creates modes of avoidance to evade immune system attacks. We further explain the therapeutic approaches that can be taken in the treatment and prevention of this viral infection. In summary, based on the structural and immune-evasion system of coronavirus, we suggest several approaches to treat the disease."}, {"pmid": 32464271, "pmcid": "PMC7247990", "title": "Could the D614G substitution in the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein be associated with higher COVID-19 mortality?", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Eaaswarkhanth, Muthukrishnan", "Al Madhoun, Ashraf", "Al-Mulla, Fahd"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464271", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The increasing number of deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic has raised serious global concerns. Increased testing capacity and ample intensive care availability could explain lower mortality in some countries compared to others. Nevertheless, it is also plausible that the SARS-CoV-2 mutations giving rise to different phylogenetic clades are responsible for the apparent death rate disparities around the world. Current research literature linking the genetic make-up of SARS-CoV-2 with fatalities is lacking. Here, we suggest that this disparity in fatality rates may be attributed to SARS-CoV-2 evolving mutations and urge the international community to begin addressing the phylogenetic clade classification of SARS-CoV-2 in relation to clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32425317, "pmcid": "PMC7229909", "title": "The impact of preoperative screening system on head and neck cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations from the nationwide survey in Japan.", "journal": "Auris Nasus Larynx", "authors": ["Ota, Ichiro", "Asada, Yukinori"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425317", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), hospitals worldwide are at risk of nosocomial infection. Preoperative identification of COVID-19 in patients who are scheduled to be admitted to the hospital is essential to preventing the collapse of medical facility. In Japan, the preoperative observation and screening tests with the RT-PCR testing for the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and chest CT scan are recommended for head and neck cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted surveys of the current situation in Japan through the internet. Chest CT scan was fully performed (90%), but the RT-PCR testing was not adequately performed (51%). Although the current screening system can be considered effective to a certain extent, we recommend further widespread use of pre-admission RT-PCR testing not only for patients with head and neck cancer surgery but also for all the hospitalized patients, in order to promote safer treatments, during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32303970, "pmcid": "PMC7164520", "title": "Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon Michael", "de Oliveira, Maria Helena Santos", "Benoit, Justin", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303970", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438826, "title": "Supporting People With Diabetes, Through COVID-19 and Beyond.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Boulton, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438826", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I have learned that we should never take the lives we lead for granted, and it is important for all of us to focus on the simple things that matter the most in everything we do. This is never more true than working for a pharmaceutical company at this time."}, {"pmid": 32425635, "pmcid": "PMC7231486", "title": "Management of a COVID-19 outbreak in a hotel in Tenerife, Spain.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hoefer, Andreas", "Pampaka, Despina", "Rivas Wagner, Eva", "Aleman Herrera, Araceli", "Garcia-Ramos Alonso, Eduardo", "Lopez-Perea, Noemi", "Cano Portero, Rosa", "Herrera-Leon, Laura", "Herrera-Leon, Silvia", "Nunez Gallo, Domingo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425635", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first accounts of SARS-CoV-2, authorities have encountered numerous unprecedented situations threatening public health. This rapid communication addresses events that led to the quarantining of a hotel in Tenerife, Spain and the effectiveness of the rapidly implemented control measures. In total, eight cases have been associated with the hotel. Due to the international nature of the guests, had these timely precautions not been in place, a multinational cluster might have formed."}, {"pmid": 32364928, "title": "Dental sleep medicine perspectives post-COVID-19: interprofessional adaptation and directions.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Lavigne, Gilles", "Dal Fabbro, Cibele", "Herrero Babiloni, Alberto", "Huynh, Nelly", "Gauthier, Luc", "Arcache, Patrick", "Masse, Jean-Francois"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364928", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396601, "title": "Clinical orthodontic management during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Angle Orthod", "authors": ["Suri, Sunjay", "Vandersluis, Yona R", "Kochhar, Anuraj S", "Bhasin, Ritasha", "Abdallah, Mohamed-Nur"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396601", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide a comprehensive summary of the implications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on orthodontic treatment, contingency management, and provision of emergency orthodontic treatment, using currently available data and literature. Orthodontically relevant sources of information were searched using electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar and current reports from major health bodies such as Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, National Institutes of Health, and major national orthodontic associations. Where available, peer-reviewed and more recent publications were given priority. Due to the rapidly evolving nature of COVID-19 and limitations in quality of evidence, a narrative synthesis was undertaken. Relevant to orthodontics, human-to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs predominantly through the respiratory tract via droplets, secretions (cough, sneeze), and or direct contact, where the virus enters the mucous membrane of the mouth, nose, and eyes. The virus can remain stable for days on plastic and stainless steel. Most infected persons experience a mild form of disease, but those with advanced age or underlying comorbidities may suffer severe respiratory and multiorgan complications. During the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, elective orthodontic treatment should be suspended and resumed only when permitted by federal, provincial, and local health regulatory authorities. Emergency orthodontic treatment can be provided by following a contingency plan founded on effective communication and triage. Treatment advice should be delivered remotely first when possible, and where necessary, in-person treatment can be performed in a well-prepared operatory following the necessary precautions and infection prevention and control (IPAC) protocol."}, {"pmid": 32508391, "pmcid": "PMC7264536", "title": "Thoughts about Public Space During Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "City Soc (Wash)", "authors": ["Low, Setha", "Smart, Alan"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508391", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490827, "title": "Alternative strategies for CT unit management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a single center experience.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Savas, Recep"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490827", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32015560, "pmcid": "PMC7095972", "title": "Communication, collaboration and cooperation can stop the 2019 coronavirus.", "journal": "Nat Med", "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32015560", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413200, "pmcid": "PMC7261999", "title": "Recommendations for personal protective equipment and smoke evacuation for dermatologic surgeries amid the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Do, Mytrang H", "Minkis, Kira", "Petukhova, Tatyana A", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413200", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295814, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine and covid-19.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Sinha, Neeraj", "Balayla, Galit"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295814", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are medications that have been used for a long time. Their most common use is for the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria. However, these antimalarial drugs are known to also have anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects and are used for several chronic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus with low adverse effects. The antiviral action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine has been a point of interest to different researchers due to its mechanism of action. Several in vitro studies have proven their effectiveness on severe acute respiratory syndrome virus and currently both in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted on 2019 novel coronavirus (covid-19). The purpose of this article is to review the history and mechanism of actions of these drugs and the potential use they can have on the current covid-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32376643, "title": "Postpartum exacerbation of antenatal COVID-19 pneumonia in 3 women.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["An, Peng", "Wood, Bradford J", "Li, Wei", "Zhang, Min", "Ye, Yingjian"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376643", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512133, "title": "Poor-sleep is associated with slow recovery from lymphopenia and an increased need for ICU care in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Zhang, Jiancheng", "Xu, Dan", "Xie, Bing", "Zhang, Yujing", "Huang, Haiyan", "Liu, Hongmei", "Chen, Huaqi", "Sun, Yongbo", "Shang, You", "Hashimoto, Kenji", "Yuan, Shiying"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512133", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sleep is known to play an important role in immune function. However, the effects of sleep quality during hospitalization for COVID-19 remain unclear. This retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted to investigate the effects of sleep quality on recovery from lymphopenia and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the West District of Wuhan Union Hospital between January 25 and March 15, 2020. The Richards-Campbell sleep questionnaire (RCSQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess sleep quality. The epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were collected from electronic medical records and compared between the good-sleep group and poor-sleep group. In all, 135 patients (60 in good-sleep group and 75 in poor-sleep group) were included in this study. There were no significant between-group differences regarding demographic and baseline characteristics, as well as laboratory parameters upon admission and in-hospital treatment. Compared with patients in the good-sleep group, patients in the poor-sleep group had lower absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) (day 14: median, 1.10 vs 1.32, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0055; day 21: median, 1.18 vs 1.48, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0034) and its reduced recovery rate (day 14: median, 56.91 vs 69.40, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0255; day 21: median, 61.40 vs 111.47, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0003), as well as increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; day 14: median, 3.17 vs 2.44, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0284; day 21: median, 2.73 vs 2.23, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0092) and its associated deterioration rate (day 14: median, -39.65 vs -61.09, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0155; day 21: median, -51.40% vs -75.43, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0003). Nine [12.0%] patients in the poor-sleep group required ICU care (P\u00a0=\u00a00.0151); meanwhile, none of the patients in good-sleep group required ICU care. Patients in the poor-sleep group had increased duration of hospital stay (33.0 [23.0-47.0] days vs 25.0 [20.5-36.5] days, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0116) compared to those in the good-sleep group. An increased incidence of hospital-acquired infection (seven [9.3%] vs one [1.7%]) was observed in the poor-sleep group compared to the good-sleep group; however, this difference was not significant (P\u00a0=\u00a00.1316). In conclusion, poor sleep quality during hospitalization in COVID-19 patients with lymphopenia is associated with a slow recovery from lymphopenia and an increased need for ICU care."}, {"pmid": 32100486, "pmcid": "PMC7082663", "title": "2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia: Serial Computed Tomography Findings.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Wei, Jiangping", "Xu, Huaxiang", "Xiong, Jingliang", "Shen, Qinglin", "Fan, Bing", "Ye, Chenglong", "Dong, Wentao", "Hu, Fangfang"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100486", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From December 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia (formerly known as the 2019 novel Coronavirus [2019-nCoV]) broke out in Wuhan, China. In this study, we present serial CT findings in a 40-year-old female patient with COVID-19 pneumonia who presented with the symptoms of fever, chest tightness, and fatigue. She was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection confirmed by real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. CT showed rapidly progressing peripheral consolidations and ground-glass opacities in both lungs. After treatment, the lesions were shown to be almost absorbed leaving the fibrous lesions."}, {"pmid": 32402130, "pmcid": "PMC7272915", "title": "What do we know about remdesivir drug interactions?", "journal": "Clin Transl Sci", "authors": ["Yang, Katherine"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402130", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Co-V-2) has resulted in a critical need to rapidly develop new pharmacologic interventions and disseminate information. This has led to confusing and conflicting information on drug efficacy. Remdesivir has emerged as a promising treatment for SARS-Co-V-2 infection yet published clinical pharmacology and drug interaction studies are limited. Additional studies of the disposition of remdesivir, its active metabolite (GS-441524), and its triphosphate metabolite (GS-443902) are needed."}, {"pmid": 32232423, "title": "Safety Recommendations for Evaluation and Surgery of the Head and Neck During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Givi, Babak", "Schiff, Bradley A", "Chinn, Steven B", "Clayburgh, Daniel", "Iyer, N Gopalakrishna", "Jalisi, Scharukh", "Moore, Michael G", "Nathan, Cherie-Ann", "Orloff, Lisa A", "O'Neill, James P", "Parker, Noah", "Zender, Chad", "Morris, Luc G T", "Davies, Louise"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232423", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapidly expanding novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has challenged the medical community to an unprecedented degree. Physicians and health care workers are at added risk of exposure and infection during the course of patient care. Because of the rapid spread of this disease through respiratory droplets, health care workers who come in close contact with the upper aerodigestive tract during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, such as otolaryngologists-head and neck surgeons, are particularly at risk. A set of safety recommendations was created based on a review of the literature and communications with physicians with firsthand knowledge of safety procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. A high number of health care workers were infected during the first phase of the pandemic in the city of Wuhan, China. Subsequently, by adopting strict safety precautions, other regions were able to achieve high levels of safety for health care workers without jeopardizing the care of patients. The most common procedures related to the examination and treatment of upper aerodigestive tract diseases were reviewed. Each category was reviewed based on the potential risk imposed to health care workers. Specific recommendations were made based on the literature, when available, or consensus best practices. Specific safety recommendations were made for performing tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19. Preserving a highly skilled health care workforce is a top priority for any community and health care system. Based on the experience of health care systems in Asia and Europe, by following strict safety guidelines, the risk of exposure and infection of health care workers could be greatly reduced while providing high levels of care. The provided recommendations, which may evolve over time, could be used as broad guidance for all health care workers who are involved in the care of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32387226, "pmcid": "PMC7204721", "title": "Gastroenterologists, Hepatologists, COVID-19 and the Use of Acetaminophen.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Cardona-Ospina, Jaime A", "Murillo-Munoz, Maria Monica"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387226", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504458, "pmcid": "PMC7273820", "title": "A case of subacute thyroiditis associated with Covid-19 infection.", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Asfuroglu Kalkan, E", "Ates, I"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504458", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307223, "pmcid": "PMC7152875", "title": "Challenges of methadone maintenance treatment during the COVID-19 epidemic in China: Policy and service recommendations.", "journal": "Eur Neuropsychopharmacol", "authors": ["Jiang, Haifeng", "Su, Hang", "Zhang, Changchun", "Liu, Xuebing", "Li, Ruihua", "Zhong, Na", "Zhao, Min"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307223", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501313, "pmcid": "PMC7252105", "title": "What's really 'Happning'? A forensic analysis of Android and iOS Happn dating apps.", "journal": "Comput Secur", "authors": ["Knox, Shawn", "Moghadam, Steven", "Patrick, Kenny", "Phan, Anh", "Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501313", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With today's world revolving around online interaction, dating applications (apps) are a prime example of how people are able to discover and converse with others that may share similar interests or lifestyles, including during the recent COVID-19 lockdowns. To connect the users, geolocation is often utilized. However, with each new app comes the possibility of criminal exploitation. For example, while apps with geolocation feature are intended for users to provide personal information that drive their search to meet someone, that same information can be used by hackers or forensic analysts to gain access to personal data, albeit for different purposes. This paper examines the Happn dating app (versions 9.6.2, 9.7, and 9.8 for iOS devices, and versions 3.0.22 and 24.18.0 for Android devices), which geographically works differently compared to most notable dating apps by providing users with profiles of other users that might have passed by them or in the general radius of their location. Encompassing both iOS and Android devices along with eight varying user profiles with diverse backgrounds, this study aims to explore the potential for a malicious actor to uncover the personal information of another user by identifying artifacts that may pertain to sensitive user data."}, {"pmid": 32131914, "pmcid": "PMC7200845", "title": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Hangzhou: An experience to share.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Diao, MengYuan", "Zhang, Sheng", "Chen, Dechang", "Hu, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32131914", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529534, "title": "When a COVID-19 vaccine is ready, will we all be ready for it?", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Fadda, Marta", "Albanese, Emiliano", "Suggs, L Suzanne"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529534", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360980, "pmcid": "PMC7191292", "title": "French ICUs fight back: An example of regional ICU organisation to tackle the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Terrasi, Benjamin", "Arnaud, Emilien", "Guilbart, Mathieu", "Besserve, Patricia", "Mahjoub, Yazine"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360980", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393441, "title": "Ethics in the Covid-19 emergency: Examining rationing decisions.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Mahurkar, Arnav"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393441", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early last month, the Italian Society of Anaesthesia was forced to publish the above guideline (1) for the country's hospitals. Besides the rising cases of infection, the doctors realised that patients required up to 15-20 days of intensive care as the disease progressed (2). In the face of medical resource scarcities, the guideline established that everyone could not be saved from the coronavirus. And a massive death toll ensued."}, {"pmid": 32271459, "title": "Clinical characteristics of 161 cases of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Changsha.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Zheng, F", "Tang, W", "Li, H", "Huang, Y-X", "Xie, Y-L", "Zhou, Z-G"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271459", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new type of coronavirus-infected pneumonia broke out in Wuhan and spread rapidly to other parts of the country. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A retrospective analysis was performed on the confirmed cases of COVID-19, who were admitted to the North Hospital of Changsha first Hospital (Changsha Public Health treatment Center) from January 17 to February 7, 2020. The median age of COVID-19 patients was 45 years (range 33.5-57). The male patients accounted for 49.7%, 64.6% of the patients had a history of exposure in Wuhan, and 31.7% had family aggregation. The median days of onset were six, and the incidence of severe illness was 18.6%. Compared with the non-severe group, the severe group showed statistical significance in older age, hypertension, bilateral lung plaque shadow, decrease in lymphocyte count, increase in C-reactive protein (CRP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase. Age, combined hypertension, oxygenation index, double lung patch, decreased lymphocyte count, and elevated levels of C-reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase can be used as predictors of the disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32334645, "pmcid": "PMC7180011", "title": "Use of glucocorticoids in patients with adrenal insufficiency and COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "authors": ["Isidori, Andrea M", "Pofi, Riccardo", "Hasenmajer, Valeria", "Lenzi, Andrea", "Pivonello, Rosario"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334645", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374192, "title": "A Path to Resume Aesthetic Care: Executive Summary of Project AesCert Guidance Supplement-Practical Considerations for Aesthetic Medicine Professionals Supporting Clinic Preparedness in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Dover, Jeffrey S", "Moran, Mary Lynn", "Figueroa, Jose F", "Furnas, Heather", "Vyas, Jatin M", "Wiviott, Lory D", "Karchmer, Adolf W"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374192", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425262, "pmcid": "PMC7229911", "title": "Pulmonary embolism in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and use of compression ultrasonography in its optimal management.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Parry, Arshed Hussain", "Wani, Abdul Haseeb"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425262", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387694, "pmcid": "PMC7202851", "title": "Therapeutic use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 and other viral infections: A narrative review.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hashem, Anwar M", "Alghamdi, Badrah S", "Algaissi, Abdullah A", "Alshehri, Fahad S", "Bukhari, Abdullah", "Alfaleh, Mohamed A", "Memish, Ziad A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387694", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapidly spreading Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), represents an unprecedented serious challenge to the global public health community. The extremely rapid international spread of the disease with significant morbidity and mortality made finding possible therapeutic interventions a global priority. While approved specific antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 are still lacking, a large number of existing drugs are being explored as a possible treatment for COVID-19 infected patients. Recent publications have re-examined the use of Chloroquine (CQ) and/or Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as a potential therapeutic option for these patients. In an attempt to explore the evidence that supports their use in COVID-19 patients, we comprehensively reviewed the previous studies which used CQ or HCQ as an antiviral treatment. Both CQ and HCQ demonstrated promising in vitro results, however, such data have not yet been translated into meaningful in vivo studies. While few clinical trials have suggested some beneficial effects of CQ and HCQ in COVID-19 patients, most of the reported data are still preliminary. Given the current uncertainty, it is worth being mindful of the potential risks and strictly rationalise the use of these drugs in COVID-19 patients until further high quality randomized clinical trials are available to clarify their role in the treatment or prevention of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32284617, "title": "Combating COVID-19: health equity matters.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Wang, Zhicheng", "Tang, Kun"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284617", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466523, "title": "Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Screening Clinic (Including Drive-Through System) Data at a Single University Hospital in South Korea from 27 January 2020 to 31 March 2020 during the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Healthcare (Basel)", "authors": ["Chang, Min Cheol", "Seo, Wan-Seok", "Park, Donghwi", "Hur, Jian"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466523", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of a drive-through (DT) screening system for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by comparing it with a conventional screening system. We reviewed and analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 screening data obtained at our university hospital. We compared the number of tests for SARS-CoV-2 (using real-time polymerase chain reaction) performed using two different specimen collection systems-DT and conventional-during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Daegu. Based on the results, the DT screening system collected 5.8 times more specimens for testing than the conventional screening system. From January 27 to 31 March 2020, 6211 individuals were screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection using either the DT or conventional system. In total, 217 individuals tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (positive rate: 3.50%). Of the 6211 individuals, 3368 were symptomatic or had a history of contact with COVID-19 patients, and 142 of them tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (positive rate: 4.22%). Further, 2843 individuals were asymptomatic and had no history of contact with COVID-19 patients, and 75 of them tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (positive rate: 2.64%). In conclusion, the DT system allowed clinicians to collect specimens for SARS-CoV-2 screening more efficiently than the conventional system. Furthermore, as there might be several COVID-19 patients who remain asymptomatic, expanding the screening test to asymptomatic individuals would be necessary."}, {"pmid": 32359210, "pmcid": "PMC7267667", "title": "Clinical course of COVID-19 in a liver transplant recipient on hemodialysis and response to tocilizumab therapy: A case report.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Hammami, Muhammad Baraa", "Garibaldi, Brian", "Shah, Pali", "Liu, Gigi", "Jain, Tania", "Chen, Po-Hung", "Kim, Amy K", "Avdic, Edina", "Petty, Brent", "Strout, Sara", "Fine, Derek M", "Niranjan-Azadi, Ashwini", "Garneau, William M", "Cameron, Andrew M", "Monroy Trujillo, Jose M", "Gurakar, Ahmet", "Avery, Robin"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359210", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious and rapidly spreading disease. There are limited published data on the epidemiology and outcomes of COVID-19 infection among organ transplant recipients. After initial flulike symptoms, progression to an inflammatory phase may occur, characterized by cytokine release rapidly leading to respiratory and multiorgan failure. We report the clinical course and management of a liver transplant recipient on hemodialysis, who presented with COVID-19 pneumonia, and despite completing a 5-day course of hydroxychloroquine, later developed marked inflammatory manifestations with rapid improvement after administration of off-label, single-dose tocilizumab. We also highlight the role of lung ultrasonography in early diagnosis of the inflammatory phase of COVID-19. Future investigation of the effects of immunomodulators among transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection will be important."}, {"pmid": 32503806, "title": "The World of Clinical Trial Development Post-Covid-19: Lessons Learned from a Global Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Cancer Res", "authors": ["Karzai, Fatima", "Madan, Ravi A", "Dahut, William"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503806", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global health threat.1 Cancer patients are one of the most vulnerable populations. During this pandemic clinical trial accrual to NCI studies has fallen dramatically. Investigators quickly turned to regulatory bodies to simplify treatment schedules, facilitate telemedicine and to decrease required data collection Going forward the oncology research community must use the lessons learned to focus on redesigning studies to ensure that the critical scientific questions are answered safely while expanding access and increasing partnerships with community physicians. These changes will accelerate clinical progress while protecting our patients."}, {"pmid": 32205269, "pmcid": "PMC7102626", "title": "Rapid viral diagnosis and ambulatory management of suspected COVID-19 cases presenting at the infectious diseases referral hospital in Marseille, France, - January 31st to March 1st, 2020: A respiratory virus snapshot.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Amrane, Sophie", "Tissot-Dupont, Herve", "Doudier, Barbara", "Eldin, Carole", "Hocquart, Marie", "Mailhe, Morgane", "Dudouet, Pierre", "Ormieres, Etienne", "Ailhaud, Lucie", "Parola, Philippe", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "Brouqui, Philippe", "Zandotti, Christine", "Ninove, Laetitia", "Luciani, Lea", "Boschi, Celine", "La Scola, Bernard", "Raoult, Didier", "Million, Matthieu", "Colson, Philippe", "Gautret, Philippe"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205269", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid virological diagnosis is needed to limit the length of isolation for suspected COVID-19 cases. We managed the first 280 patients suspected to have COVID-19 through a rapid care circuit and virological diagnosis in our infectious disease reference hospital in Marseille, France. Rapid viral detection was performed on sputum and nasopharyngeal samples. Over our study period, no SARS-CoV-2 was detected. Results were obtained within approximately 3\u00a0h of the arrival of patient samples at the laboratory. Other viral infections were identified in 49% of the patients, with most common pathogens being influenza A and B viruses, rhinovirus, metapneumovirus and common coronaviruses, notably HKU1 and NL63. Early recognition of COVID-19 is critical to isolate confirmed cases and prevent further transmission. Early rule-out of COVID-19 allows public health containment measures to be adjusted by reducing the time spent in isolation."}, {"pmid": 32531427, "title": "Delirium as a presenting feature in COVID-19: neuroinvasive infection or autoimmune encephalopathy?", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Hosseini, Akram A", "Shetty, Ashit K", "Sprigg, Nikola", "Auer, Dorothee P", "Constantinescu, Cris S"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531427", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526083, "title": "Abnormal liver function tests predict transfer to intensive care unit and death in COVID-19.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Piano, Salvatore", "Dalbeni, Andrea", "Vettore, Elia", "Benfaremo, Devis", "Mattioli, Massimo", "Gambino, Carmine Gabriele", "Framba, Viviana", "Cerruti, Lorenzo", "Mantovani, Anna", "Martini, Andrea", "Luchetti, Michele Maria", "Serra, Roberto", "Cattelan, Annamaria", "Vettor, Roberto", "Angeli, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526083", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a relevant threat for humans worldwide. Abnormality in liver function tests (LFTs) has been commonly observed in patients with COVID-19, but there is controversy on its clinical significance. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, the characteristics and the clinical impact of abnormal LFTs in hospitalized, non-critically ill patients with COVID-19. In this multicenter, retrospective study, we collected data about 565 inpatients with COVID-19. Data on LFTs were collected at admission and every 7\u00b12 days during the hospitalization. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of death or transfer to intensive care unit (ICU). Upon admission 329 patients (58%) had LFTs abnormality. Patients with abnormal LFTs had more severe inflammation and higher degree of organ dysfunction than those without. During hospitalization, patients with abnormal LFTs had a higher rate of transfer to ICU (20vs8%; p<0.001), acute kidney injury (22vs13%, p=0.009), need for mechanical ventilation (14vs6%; p=0.005), and mortality (21vs11%; p=0.004) than those without. In multivariate analysis, patients with abnormal LFTs had a higher risk of the composite endpoint of death or transfer to ICU (OR=3.53; p<0.001). During the hospitalization, 86 patients developed de novo LFTs abnormality, which was associated with the use of tocilizumab, lopinavir/ritonavir and acetaminophen and not clearly associated with the composite endpoint. LFTs abnormality is common at admission in patients with COVID-19, is associated with systemic inflammation, organ dysfunction and is an independent predictor of transfer to ICU or death."}, {"pmid": 32332957, "pmcid": "PMC7180663", "title": "Transmission routes of COVID-19 in the dental practice.", "journal": "Br Dent J", "authors": ["Wadia, Reena"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332957", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414526, "pmcid": "PMC7212984", "title": "Place of prefilled syringes in COVID-19 patient based on current evidence.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ludwin, Kobi", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J", "Jaguszewski, Milosz", "Pruc, Michal", "Paprocki, Michal", "Smereka, Jacek", "Szarpak, Lukasz", "Dabrowski, Marek", "Czekajlo, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414526", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446401, "pmcid": "PMC7241989", "title": "Offline: Health in the unhappy time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446401", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376350, "pmcid": "PMC7196543", "title": "The Surge after the Surge: Cardiac Surgery post-COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Salenger, Rawn", "Etchill, Eric W", "Ad, Niv", "Matthew, Thomas", "Alejo, Diane", "Whitman, Glenn", "Lawton, Jennifer S", "Lau, Christine L", "Gammie, Charles F", "Gammie, James S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376350", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically reduced adult cardiac surgery case volumes as institutions and surgeons curtail non-urgent operations. There will be a progressive increase in deferred cases during the pandemic that will require completion within a limited time frame once restrictions ease. We investigated the impact of various levels of increased post-pandemic hospital operating capacity on the time to clear the backlog of deferred cases. We collected data from four cardiac surgery programs across two health systems. We recorded case rates at baseline and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We created a mathematical model to quantify the cumulative surgical backlog based on the projected pandemic duration. We then used our model to predict the time required to clear the backlog depending on the level of increased operating capacity. Cardiac surgery volumes fell to 54% of baseline after restrictions were implemented. Assuming a service restoration date of either June 1 or July 1, we calculated the need to perform 216% or 263% of monthly baseline volume, respectively, to clear the backlog in one month. The actual duration required to clear the backlog is highly dependent on hospital capacity in the post-COVID time period, and ranges from one to eight months depending on when services are restored and degree of increased capacity. Cardiac surgical operating capacity during the COVID-19 recovery period will have a dramatic impact on the time to clear the deferred cases backlog. Inadequate operating capacity may cause substantial delays and increase morbidity and mortality. If only pre-pandemic capacity is available, the backlog will never clear."}, {"pmid": 32395492, "pmcid": "PMC7210122", "title": "Imitation dynamics in the mitigation of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China from 2019 to 2020.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Stone, Lewi", "Gao, Daozhou", "Musa, Salihu S", "Chong, Marc K C", "He, Daihai", "Wang, Maggie H"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395492", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China on December 2019 in patients presenting with atypical pneumonia. Although 'city-lockdown' policy reduced the spatial spreading of the COVID-19, the city-level outbreaks within each city remain a major concern to be addressed. The local or regional level disease control mainly depends on individuals self-administered infection prevention actions. The contradiction between choice of taking infection prevention actions or not makes the elimination difficult under a voluntary acting scheme, and represents a clash between the optimal choice of action for the individual interest and group interests. We develop a compartmental epidemic model based on the classic susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model and use this to fit the data. Behavioral imitation through a game theoretical decision-making process is incorporated to study and project the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China. By varying the key model parameters, we explore the probable course of the outbreak in terms of size and timing under several public interventions in improving public awareness and sensitivity to the infection risk as well as their potential impact. We estimate the basic reproduction number, R0, to be 2.5 (95% CI: 2.4-2.7). Under the current most realistic setting, we estimate the peak size at 0.28 (95% CI: 0.24-0.32) infections per 1,000 population. In Wuhan, the final size of the outbreak is likely to infect 1.35% (95% CI: 1.00-2.12%) of the population. The outbreak will be most likely to peak in the first half of February and drop to daily incidences lower than 10 in June 2020. Increasing sensitivity to take infection prevention actions and the effectiveness of infection prevention measures are likely to mitigate the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. Through an imitating social learning process, individual-level behavioral change on taking infection prevention actions have the potentials to significantly reduce the COVID-19 outbreak in terms of size and timing at city-level. Timely and substantially resources and supports for improving the willingness-to-act and conducts of self-administered infection prevention actions are recommended to reduce to the COVID-19 associated risks."}, {"pmid": 32317041, "pmcid": "PMC7198466", "title": "Management of COVID-19 Outbreak in Argentina: The Beginning.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Gemelli, Nicolas Alejandro"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317041", "countries": ["China", "Argentina"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to analyze the impact coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had in Argentina during its initial stage, identify the measures taken to try to mitigate its impact, and briefly compare it with the influenza A H1N1 pandemic in 2009. This is a descriptive study. Pandemics constitute a serious problem to global health with a major impact on the affected countries' populations. The recent COVID-19 outbreak represents one of the most important viral pandemics lately. It reached Argentina 64 days after the first case was identified in China. Since then, several measures were taken by the Argentinian government to try to mitigate its impact in this initial stage. An updated report of the current situation and its management in different countries is of vital importance regarding global health issues and may serve for feedback and decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32456367, "title": "[Working together to overcome coronavirus disease 2019: salute to the burn surgeons and nurses fighting against coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xia, Z F"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456367", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Chinese government has taken various steps to protect people's health. Medical workers across the country including medical and nursing staffs from burn departments have taken active actions and participated in the battles against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32398849, "pmcid": "PMC7216861", "title": "Personal protective equipment (PPE) for vitreoretinal surgery during COVID-19.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Chandra, Aman", "Haynes, Richard", "Burdon, Michael", "Laidlaw, Alistair", "Neffendorf, James", "Eames, Ian", "daCruz, Lyndon", "Lee, Richard W", "Charles, Stephen", "Wilson, Peter", "Dick, Andrew", "Flanagan, Declan", "Yorston, David", "Hingorani, Melanie", "Wickham, Louisa"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398849", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278728, "pmcid": "PMC7194670", "title": "Ethics in the Time of Coronavirus: Recommendations in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Kramer, Jessica B", "Brown, Douglas E", "Kopar, Piroska K"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278728", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437705, "pmcid": "PMC7207129", "title": "Palliative care considerations for cardiovascular clinicians in COVID-19.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Desai, Akshay S", "Kamdar, Brinda B", "Mehra, Mandeep R"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437705", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525386, "title": "Discussing substance use with clients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A motivational interviewing approach.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Walker, Denise D", "Jaffe, Anna E", "Pierce, Adam R", "Walton, Thomas O", "Kaysen, Debra L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525386", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, trauma-exposed individuals may have heightened risk for substance use. Using substances to cope may contribute to the development of problematic substance use over time. It is imperative to initiate conversations about substance use with clients during this time and motivational interviewing offers an ideal framework for doing so. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32416526, "pmcid": "PMC7202839", "title": "Roadblock in application of telemedicine for diabetes management in India during COVID19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ghosh, Amerta", "Dutta, Koel", "Tyagi, Kanika", "Gupta, Ritesh", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416526", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405190, "pmcid": "PMC7219406", "title": "Orthopaedic resident management during the COVID-19 pandemic - AIIMS model.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Malhotra, Rajesh", "Gautam, Deepak", "George, Jaiben"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405190", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419767, "pmcid": "PMC7224648", "title": "Surgical treatment of diabetic foot ulcers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.", "journal": "J Diabetes Complications", "authors": ["Tao, Fenghua", "Tang, Xiaoyan", "Tao, Hai", "Luo, Yue", "Cao, Hui", "Xiang, Wei", "Zhao, Yingchun", "Jin, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419767", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetic foot ulcers are among the most serious complications of diabetes. If left untreated, these ulcers can lead to severe infection and gangrene; in some instances, they may result in death. Thus, timely treatment of diabetic foot ulcers is extremely important. However, timely patient treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic is particularly challenging, because of the higher volume of patients and the need to ensure safety of medical personnel. This article describes a proposed strategy for diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, based on experiences with infection and control strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in China."}, {"pmid": 32482249, "pmcid": "PMC7164916", "title": "No evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 in semen of males recovering from coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Fertil Steril", "authors": ["Pan, Feng", "Xiao, Xingyuan", "Guo, Jingtao", "Song, Yarong", "Li, Honggang", "Patel, Darshan P", "Spivak, Adam M", "Alukal, Joseph P", "Zhang, Xiaoping", "Xiong, Chengliang", "Li, Philip S", "Hotaling, James M"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482249", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus 2 (CoV-2) in seminal fluid of patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to describe the expression profile of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) within the testicle. Observational, cross-sectional study. Tertiary referral center. Thirty-four adult Chinese males diagnosed with COVID-19 through confirmatory quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) from pharyngeal swab samples. None. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 on qRT-PCR of single ejaculated semen samples. Semen quality was not assessed. Expression patterns of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the human testis are explored through previously published single-cell transcriptome datasets. Six patients (19%) demonstrated scrotal discomfort suggestive of viral orchitis around the time of COVID-19 confirmation. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 was not detected in semen after a median of 31 days (interquartile range, 29-36 days) from COVID-19 diagnosis. Single-cell transcriptome analysis demonstrates sparse expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, with almost no overlapping gene expression. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 was not detected in the semen of patients recovering from COVID-19 1 month after COVID-19 diagnosis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-mediated viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 into target host cells is unlikely to occur within the human testicle based on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression. The long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male reproductive function remain unknown."}, {"pmid": 32350559, "pmcid": "PMC7190372", "title": "Is there a role for lung perfusion [(99m)Tc]-MAA SPECT/CT to rule out pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients with contraindications for iodine contrast?", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Burger, Irene A", "Niemann, Tilo", "Patriki, Dimitri", "Fontana, Francois", "Beer, Jurg-Hans"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350559", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462609, "pmcid": "PMC7251320", "title": "The fight against COVID-19: disinfection protocol and turning over of CleanSpace((R)) HALO in a Singapore Hospital.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Koh, Frederick H", "Tan, Moarie G", "Chew, Min-Hoe"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462609", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522815, "title": "Risks to children during the covid-19 pandemic: some essential epidemiology.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bhopal, Sunil S", "Bagaria, Jayshree", "Bhopal, Raj"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522815", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522674, "title": "Widely available lysosome targeting agents should be considered as a potential therapy for COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Homolak, J", "Kodvanj, I"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522674", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the COVID-19 pandemic advances, the scientific community struggles in the search for treatments. Several improvements have been made, including the discovery of clinical efficacy of chloroquine (CQ) in COVID-19 patients, but the effective treatment protocols are still missing. In order to find novel treatment options many scientists utilize the in silico approach to identify compounds that could interfere with the key molecules involved in entrance, replication, or dissemination of the SARS-CoV-2. However, most of the identified molecules are currently not available as pharmacological agents, and assessing their safety and efficacy could take many months. Here, we took a different approach based on the proposed pharmacodynamic model of CQ in COVID-19. The main mechanism of action responsible for the favourable outcome of COVID-19 patients treated with CQ seems to be related to pH modulation-mediated effect on the endolysosomal trafficking, a characteristic of chemical compounds often called lysosomotropic agents because of the physico-chemical properties that enable them to passively diffuse through the endosomal membrane and undergo protonation-based trapping in the lumen of the acidic vesicles. In this review, we discuss lysosomotropic and lysosome targeting drugs that are already in clinical use and are characterized by good safety profiles, low cost, and wide availability. We emphasize that some of these drugs, in particular azithromycin and other macrolide antibiotics, indomethacin and some other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors, and fluoxetine could provide additional therapeutic benefits in addition to the potential antiviral effect that still has to be confirmed by well-controlled clinical trials. As some of these drugs, mostly antibiotics, were already empirically used in the treatment of COVID-19, we encourage our colleagues all over the world to publish patient data so potential efficacy of these agents can be evaluated in the clinical context and rapidly implemented in the therapeutic protocols if the beneficial effect on clinical outcome is observed."}, {"pmid": 32497028, "title": "Evidence for Limited Early Spread of COVID-19 Within the United States, January-February 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Jorden, Michelle A", "Rudman, Sarah L", "Villarino, Elsa", "Hoferka, Stacey", "Patel, Megan T", "Bemis, Kelley", "Simmons, Cristal R", "Jespersen, Megan", "Iberg Johnson, Jenna", "Mytty, Elizabeth", "Arends, Katherine D", "Henderson, Justin J", "Mathes, Robert W", "Weng, Charlene X", "Duchin, Jeffrey", "Lenahan, Jennifer", "Close, Natasha", "Bedford, Trevor", "Boeckh, Michael", "Chu, Helen Y", "Englund, Janet A", "Famulare, Michael", "Nickerson, Deborah A", "Rieder, Mark J", "Shendure, Jay", "Starita, Lea M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497028", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From January 21 through February 23, 2020, public health agencies detected 14 U.S. cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), all related to travel from China (1,2). The first nontravel-related U.S. case was confirmed on February 26 in a California resident who had become ill on February 13 (3). Two days later, on February 28, a second nontravel-related case was confirmed in the state of Washington (4,5). Examination of four lines of evidence provides insight into the timing of introduction and early transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, into the United States before the detection of these two cases. First, syndromic surveillance based on emergency department records from counties affected early by the pandemic did not show an increase in visits for COVID-19-like illness before February 28. Second, retrospective SARS-CoV-2 testing of approximately 11,000 respiratory specimens from several U.S. locations beginning January 1 identified no positive results before February 20. Third, analysis of viral RNA sequences from early cases suggested that a single lineage of virus imported directly or indirectly from China began circulating in the United States between January 18 and February 9, followed by several SARS-CoV-2 importations from Europe. Finally, the occurrence of three cases, one in a California resident who died on February 6, a second in another resident of the same county who died February 17, and a third in an unidentified passenger or crew member aboard a Pacific cruise ship that left San Francisco on February 11, confirms cryptic circulation of the virus by early February. These data indicate that sustained, community transmission had begun before detection of the first two nontravel-related U.S. cases, likely resulting from the importation of a single lineage of virus from China in late January or early February, followed by several importations from Europe. The widespread emergence of COVID-19 throughout the United States after February highlights the importance of robust public health systems to respond rapidly to emerging infectious threats."}, {"pmid": 32196410, "pmcid": "PMC7170333", "title": "Hypothesis for potential pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection-a review of immune changes in patients with viral pneumonia.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Lin, Ling", "Lu, Lianfeng", "Cao, Wei", "Li, Taisheng"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196410", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with droplets and contact as the main means of transmission. Since the first case appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the outbreak has gradually spread nationwide. Up to now, according to official data released by the Chinese health commission, the number of newly diagnosed patients has been declining, and the epidemic is gradually being controlled. Although most patients have mild symptoms and good prognosis after infection, some patients developed severe and die from multiple organ complications. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans remains unclear. Immune function is a strong defense against invasive pathogens and there is currently no specific antiviral drug against the virus. This article reviews the immunological changes of coronaviruses like SARS, MERS and other viral pneumonia similar to SARS-CoV-2. Combined with the published literature, the potential pathogenesis of COVID-19 is inferred, and the treatment recommendations for giving high-doses intravenous immunoglobulin and low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulant therapy to severe type patients are proposed."}, {"pmid": 32358044, "title": "Divide and Conquer: Strategies in Singapore to Manage a Nuclear Medicine Department During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nucl Med Technol", "authors": ["Tham, Wei Y", "Tong, Aaron K T", "Loke, Kelvin S H", "Chio, Liyi", "Lim, Gabriel K Y", "Seah, Xin Y", "Ng, David C E", "Yan, Sean X X", "Lam, Winnie W C"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358044", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization on January 30, 2020. Since then, the virus has spread to affect more countries worldwide. During this period, our nuclear medicine department at Singapore General Hospital segregated our staff and patients by time, by space, or both, to minimize contact and prevent spread of the virus. Necessary changes to our clinical practices and stricter infection control measures were also enforced. We share our personal experience in managing a nuclear medicine department during this epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32061200, "title": "[Analysis of CT features of 15 Children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Feng, K", "Yun, Y X", "Wang, X F", "Yang, G D", "Zheng, Y J", "Lin, C M", "Wang, L F"], "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061200", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To explore imaging characteristics of children with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data and chest CT images of 15 children diagnosed with 2019-nCoV. They were admitted to the third people's Hospital of Shenzhen from January 16 to February 6, 2020. The distribution and morphology of pulmonary lesions on chest CT images were analyzed. Results: Among the 15 children, there were 5 males and 10 females, aged from 4 to 14 years old. Five of the 15 children were febrile and 10 were asymptomatic on first visit. The first nasal or pharyngeal swab samples in all the 15 cases were positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid. For their first chest CT images, 6 patients had no lesions, while 9 patients had pulmonary inflammation lesions. Seven cases of small nodular ground glass opacities and 2 cases of speckled ground glass opacities were found. After 3 to 5 days of treatment, 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in a second respiratory sample turned negative in 6 cases. Among them, chest CT images showed less lesions in 2 cases, no lesion in 3 cases, and no improvement in 1 case. Other 9 cases were still positive in a second nucleic acid test. Six patients showed similar chest CT inflammation, while 3 patients had new lesions, which were all small nodular ground glass opacities. Conclusions: The early chest CT images of children with 2019-nCoV infection are mostly small nodular ground glass opacities. The clinical symptoms of children with 2019-nCoV infection are nonspecific. Dynamic reexamination of chest CT and nucleic acid are important."}, {"pmid": 32432519, "title": "Does the compromised sleep and circadian disruption of night and shiftworkers make them highly vulnerable to 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19)?", "journal": "Chronobiol Int", "authors": ["Silva, Flavia Rodrigues da", "Guerreiro, Renato de Carvalho", "Andrade, Henrique de Araujo", "Stieler, Eduardo", "Silva, Andressa", "de Mello, Marco Tulio"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432519", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rotating and permanent night shiftwork schedules typically result in acute and sometimes chronic sleep deprivation plus acute and sometimes chronic disruption of the circadian time structure. Immune system processes and functionalities are organized as circadian rhythms, and they are also strongly influenced by sleep status. Sleep is a vital behavioral state of living beings and a modulator of immune function and responsiveness. Shiftworkers show increased risk for developing viral infections due to possible compromise of both innate and acquired immunity responses. Short sleep and sleep loss, common consequences of shiftwork, are associated with altered integrity of the immune system. We discuss the possible excess risk for COVID-19 infection in the context of the common conditions among shiftworkers, including nurses, doctors, and first responders, among others of high exposure to the contagion, of sleep imbalance and circadian disruption.Abbreviations: ACE2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; APC: Antigen\ufeff-presenting \ufeffcells; CCL: Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand; CD+: \ufeffAdhesion molecule expression; COVID-19: 2019 coronavirus disease; DCs: Dendritic cells; GH: Growth hormone; HPA: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; HSF: Heat shock factor; HSP70: Heat shock protein 70; HSP90: Heat shock protein 90; IL: Interleukin; INF\u03b3: Interferon-gamma; LT/LB: T/B lymphocytes; MHC: Major histocompatibility complex; NK: Natural \ufeffkiller; RAAS: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; SARS: \ufeffSevere acute respiratory syndrome; SCN: Suprachiasmatic nucleus;SD: Sleep deprivation; SNS: Sympathetic nervous system; Th1/Th2: T helper lymphocytes 1/2; TLR2/TLR4: Toll-like receptor 2/4; TNF-\u03b1: Tumor \ufeffnecrosis \ufefffactor alpha; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor."}, {"pmid": 32461981, "pmcid": "PMC7235687", "title": "Analysis of the Transmissibility Change of 2019-Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia and Its Potential Factors in China from 2019 to 2020.", "journal": "Biomed Res Int", "authors": ["Zhao, Yu", "Wang, Ruonan", "Li, Jiangping", "Zhang, Yuhong", "Yang, Huifang", "Zhao, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461981", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, a large-scale novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) outbreak swept China. As of Feb. 9, 2020, a total of 40,260 patients have been diagnosed with NCP, and 23,589 patients were suspected to have infected by the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), which puts forward a great challenge for public health and clinical treatment in China. Until now, we are in the high-incidence season of NCP. Thus, the analysis of the transmissibility change of NCP and its potential factors may provide a reliable reference for establishing effective prevention and control strategies. By means of the method of calculating the instantaneous basic reproduction number R0t proposed by Cori et al. (2013), we use R0t to describe the transmissibility change of COVID-19 in China, 2019-2020. In addition, the Baidu Index (BDI) and Baidu Migration Scale (BMS) were selected to measure the public awareness and the effect of Wuhan lockdown (restricted persons in Wuhan outflow from the epidemic area) strategy, respectively. The Granger causality test (GCT) was carried out to explore the association between public awareness, the effect of the Wuhan lockdown strategy, and the transmissibility of COVID-19. The estimated averaged basic reproduction number of NCP in China was 3.44 with 95% CI (2.87, 4.0) during Dec. 8, 2019, to Feb. 9, 2020. The instantaneous basic reproduction numbers (R0t ) have two waves and reaching peaks on Jan. 8 and Jan. 27, respectively. After reaching a peak on Jan. 27, R0t showed a continuous decline trend. On Feb. 9, R0t has fallen to 1.68 (95% CI: 1.66, 1.7), but it is still larger than 1. We find a significantly negative association between public awareness and the transmissibility change of COVID-19, with one unit increase in cumulative BDI leading to a decrease of 0.0295% (95% CI: 0.0077, 0.051) R0t . We also find a significantly negative association between the effect of the Wuhan lockdown strategy and the transmissibility change of COVID-19, and a one unit decrease in BMS may lead to a drop of 2.7% (95% CI: 0.382, 4.97) R0t . The current prevention and control measures have effectively reduced the transmissibility of COVID-19; however, R0t is still larger than the threshold 1. The results show that the government adopting the Wuhan lockdown strategy plays an important role in restricting the potential infected persons in Wuhan outflow from the epidemic area and avoiding a nationwide spread by quickly controlling the potential infection in Wuhan. Meanwhile, since Jan. 18, 2020, the people successively accessed COVID-19-related information via the Internet, which may help to effectively implement the government's prevention and control strategy and contribute to reducing the transmissibility of NCP. Therefore, ongoing travel restriction and public health awareness remain essential to provide a foundation for controlling the outbreak of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32158035, "pmcid": "PMC7023952", "title": "Medicine's Challenges: Vaping and Coronavirus.", "journal": "Mo Med", "authors": ["DiRenna, James"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32158035", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430300, "title": "Non-COVID-19 general practice and our response to the pandemic.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Gopal, Dipesh P"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430300", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292533, "pmcid": "PMC7144856", "title": "La chirurgie digestive urgente, victime collaterale de la crise du Covid-19?", "authors": ["Slim, K", "Veziant, J"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292533", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327330, "pmcid": "PMC7166098", "title": "Management of mild cases of COVID-19 in low-resource countries: An experience in Vietnam.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Than, Hung Manh", "Nong, Vuong Minh", "Nguyen, Cap Trung", "Thi Tran, Ninh Hai", "Do, Cuong Duy", "Pham, Thach Ngoc"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327330", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249072, "pmcid": "PMC7270784", "title": "Protecting High-Risk Cardiac Patients During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Pisano, Antonio", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Zangrillo, Alberto"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426740, "pmcid": "PMC7188430", "title": "Misinformation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: How Knowledge Emerges From Noise.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Rochwerg, Bram", "Parke, Rachael", "Murthy, Srinivas", "Fernando, Shannon M", "Leigh, Jeanna Parsons", "Marshall, John", "Adhikari, Neill K J", "Fiest, Kirsten", "Fowler, Rob", "Lamontagne, Francois", "Sevransky, Jonathan E"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426740", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the amount of information generated during this most recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is enormous, much is of uncertain trustworthiness. This review summaries the many potential sources of information that clinicians turn to during pandemic illness, the challenges associated with performing methodologically sound research in this setting and potential approaching to conducting well done research during a health crisis. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Pandemics and healthcare crises provide extraordinary opportunities for the rapid generation of reliable scientific information but also for misinformation, especially in the early phases, which may contribute to public hysteria. The best way to combat misinformation is with trustworthy data produced by healthcare researchers. Although challenging, research can occur during pandemics and crises and is facilitated by advance planning, governmental support, targeted funding opportunities, and collaboration with industry partners. The coronavirus disease 2019 research response has highlighted both the dangers of misinformation as well as the benefits and possibilities of performing rigorous research during challenging times."}, {"pmid": 32369390, "title": "Differentiating COVID-19 Pneumonia from Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE): Therapeutic Implications.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Archer, Stephen L", "Sharp, Willard W", "Weir, E Kenneth"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369390", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501380, "pmcid": "PMC7248624", "title": "Exploring the roles of high-speed train, air and coach services in the spread of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Transp Policy (Oxf)", "authors": ["Zhang, Yahua", "Zhang, Anming", "Wang, Jiaoe"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501380", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To understand the roles of different transport modes in the spread of COVID-19 pandemic across Chinese cities, this paper looks at the factors influencing the number of imported cases from Wuhan and the spread speed and pattern of the pandemic. We find that frequencies of air flights and high-speed train (HST) services out of Wuhan are significantly associated with the number of COVID-19 cases in the destination cities. The presence of an airport or HST station at a city is significantly related to the speed of the pandemic spread, but its link with the total number of confirmed cases is weak. The farther the distance from Wuhan, the lower number of cases in a city and the slower the dissemination of the pandemic. The longitude and latitude coordinates do not have a significant relationship with the number of total cases but can increase the speed of the COVID-19 spread. Specifically, cities in the higher longitudinal region tended to record a COVID-19 case earlier than their counterparties in the west. Cities in the north were more likely to report the first case later than those in the south. The pandemic may emerge in large cities earlier than in small cities as GDP is a factor positively associated with the spread speed."}, {"pmid": 32371381, "title": "Covid-19: South Korea relaxes social distancing after the number of new cases drops below 10 a day.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371381", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355115, "pmcid": "PMC7224619", "title": "Trauma does not Quarantine: Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Hatchimonji, Justin S", "Swendiman, Robert A", "Seamon, Mark J", "Nance, Michael L"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355115", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516204, "title": "Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Gadiparthi, Chiranjeevi", "Perisetti, Abhilash", "Sayana, Hari", "Tharian, Benjamin", "Inamdar, Sumant", "Korman, Andrew"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516204", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Gastrointestinal symptoms are common and frequently reported in Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is unclear if SARS-CoV-2 is associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Nevertheless, GIB in COVID-19 patients poses unique challenges to patients due to high-risk of concomitant respiratory failure and to endoscopy personnel due to risk of airborne transmission during endoscopic procedures. Many management issues related to COVID-19 are still being studied. In this case series, we attempt to discuss the important clinical implications related to the management of GIB in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32446721, "pmcid": "PMC7242928", "title": "Inferring super-spreading from transmission clusters of COVID-19 in Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["On Kwok, Kin", "Hin Chan, Henry Ho", "Huang, Ying", "Cheong Hui, David Shu", "Anantharajah Tambyah, Paul", "In Wei, Wan", "Kwan Chau, Patsy Yuen", "Shan Wong, Samuel Yeung", "Tze Tang, Julian Wei"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446721", "countries": ["China", "Japan", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Super-spreading events in an outbreak can change the nature of an epidemic. Therefore, it is useful for public health teams to determine if an ongoing outbreak has any contribution from such events, which may be amenable to interventions. We estimated the basic reproductive number (R0) and the dispersion factor (k) from empirical data on clusters of epidemiologically-linked COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore. This allowed us to infer the presence or absence of super-spreading events during the early phase of these outbreaks. The relatively large values of k implied that large cluster sizes, compatible with super-spreading, were unlikely."}, {"pmid": 32467100, "title": "Research on covid-19 is suffering \"imperfect incentives at every stage\".", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Armstrong, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467100", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525100, "title": "Role of computed tomography imaging in identifying COVID-19 cases.", "journal": "Hong Kong Med J", "authors": ["Wong, S Y S", "Kwok, K O"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525100", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529820, "title": "How did COVID-19 pandemic changed the Portuguese rheumatology?", "journal": "Acta Reumatol Port", "authors": ["Vieira-Sousa, Elsa", "Fonseca, Joao Eurico", "Santos, Maria Jose"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529820", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353374, "pmcid": "PMC7186125", "title": "Towards precision management of cardiovascular patients with COVID-19 to reduce mortality.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Zhou, Kehua", "Yang, Shujuan", "Jia, Peng"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353374", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275805, "pmcid": "PMC7262026", "title": "Clinical and ethical challenges for emergency departments during communicable disease outbreaks: Can lessons from Ebola Virus Disease be applied to the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["Markwell, Alexandra", "Mitchell, Rob", "Wright, April L", "Brown, Anthony Ft"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275805", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "EDs fulfil a frontline function during public health emergencies (PHEs) and will play a pivotal role during the COVID-19 pandemic. This perspective article draws on qualitative data from a longitudinal, ethnographic study of an Australian tertiary ED to illustrate the clinical and ethical challenges faced by EDs during PHEs. Interview data collected during the 2014 Ebola Virus Disease PHE of International Concern suggest that ED clinicians have a strong sense of professional responsibility, but this can be compromised by increased visibility of risk and sub-optimal engagement from hospital managers and public health authorities. The study exposes the tension between a healthcare worker's right to protection and a duty to provide treatment. Given the narrow window of opportunity to prepare for a surge of COVID-19 presentations, there is an immediate need to reflect and learn from previous experiences. To maintain the confidence of ED clinicians, and minimise the risk of moral injury, hospital and public health authorities must urgently develop processes to support ethical healthcare delivery and ensure adequate resourcing of EDs."}, {"pmid": 32379345, "pmcid": "PMC7267169", "title": "Is it too premature to recommend against laparoscopic emergency surgery in COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Yeo, C", "Yeo, D", "Kaushal, S", "Ahmed, S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379345", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378371, "title": "Paternal Behaviors in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "World J Mens Health", "authors": ["Cito, Gianmartin", "Micelli, Elisabetta", "Cocci, Andrea", "Polloni, Gaia", "Coccia, Maria Elisabetta", "Carini, Marco", "Minervini, Andrea", "Natali, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378371", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498736, "title": "Shifting Sands - Molecular Coronavirus Testing During a Time of Inconsistent Resources.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Henderson, David K", "Hayden, Mary", "Wright, Sharon B", "Weber, David J", "Murthy, A Rekha", "Babcock, Hilary", "Guzman-Cottrill, Judith A", "Haessler, Sarah", "Rock, Clare", "Van Schooneveld, Trevor", "Forde, Corey A", "Logan, Latania K", "Malani, Anurag"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498736", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383092, "pmcid": "PMC7205478", "title": "Perfusion SPECT/CT to diagnose pulmonary embolism during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Lu, Yang", "Macapinlac, Homer A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383092", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336612, "pmcid": "PMC7167588", "title": "The pivotal link between ACE2 deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Verdecchia, Paolo", "Cavallini, Claudio", "Spanevello, Antonio", "Angeli, Fabio"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336612", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors mediate the entry into the cell of three strains of coronavirus: SARS-CoV, NL63 and SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 receptors are ubiquitous and widely expressed in the heart, vessels, gut, lung (particularly in type 2 pneumocytes and macrophages), kidney, testis and brain. ACE2 is mostly bound to cell membranes and only scarcely present in the circulation in a soluble form. An important salutary function of membrane-bound and soluble ACE2 is the degradation of angiotensin II to angiotensin1-7. Consequently, ACE2 receptors limit several detrimental effects resulting from binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptors, which include vasoconstriction, enhanced inflammation and thrombosis. The increased generation of angiotensin1-7 also triggers counter-regulatory protective effects through binding to G-protein coupled Mas receptors. Unfortunately, the entry of SARS-CoV2 into the cells through membrane fusion markedly down-regulates ACE2 receptors, with loss of the catalytic effect of these receptors at the external site of the membrane. Increased pulmonary inflammation and coagulation have been reported as unwanted effects of enhanced and unopposed angiotensin II effects via the ACE\u2192Angiotensin II\u2192AT1 receptor axis. Clinical reports of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 show that several features associated with infection and severity of the disease (i.e., older age, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease) share a variable degree of ACE2 deficiency. We suggest that ACE2 down-regulation induced by viral invasion may be especially detrimental in people with baseline ACE2 deficiency associated with the above conditions. The additional ACE2 deficiency after viral invasion might amplify the dysregulation between the 'adverse' ACE\u2192Angiotensin II\u2192AT1 receptor axis and the 'protective' ACE2\u2192Angiotensin1-7\u2192Mas receptor axis. In the lungs, such dysregulation would favor the progression of inflammatory and thrombotic processes triggered by local angiotensin II hyperactivity unopposed by angiotensin1-7. In this setting, recombinant ACE2, angiotensin1-7 and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers could be promising therapeutic approaches in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32152361, "pmcid": "PMC7062829", "title": "Topological dynamics of the 2015 South Korea MERS-CoV spread-on-contact networks.", "journal": "Sci Rep", "authors": ["Yang, Chang Hoon", "Jung, Hyejin"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152361", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Network analysis to examine infectious contact relations provides an important means to uncover the topologies of individual infectious contact networks. This study aims to investigate the spread of diseases among individuals over contact networks by exploring the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in Korea. We present several distinct features of MERS transmission by employing a comprehensive approach in network research to examine both the traced relationship matrix of infected individuals and their bipartite transmission routes among healthcare facilities visited for treatment. The results indicate that a few super-spreaders were more likely to hold certain structural advantages by linking to an exceptional number of other individuals, causing several ongoing transmission events in neighbourhoods without the aid of any intermediary. Thus, the infectious contact network exhibited small-world dynamics characterised by locally clustered contacts exposed to transmission paths via short path lengths. In addition, nosocomial infection analysis shows the pattern of a common-source outbreak followed by secondary person-to-person transmission of the disease. Based on the results, we suggest policy implications related to the redesign of prevention and control strategies against the spread of epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32015507, "pmcid": "PMC7095418", "title": "A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Zhou, Peng", "Yang, Xing-Lou", "Wang, Xian-Guang", "Hu, Ben", "Zhang, Lei", "Zhang, Wei", "Si, Hao-Rui", "Zhu, Yan", "Li, Bei", "Huang, Chao-Lin", "Chen, Hui-Dong", "Chen, Jing", "Luo, Yun", "Guo, Hua", "Jiang, Ren-Di", "Liu, Mei-Qin", "Chen, Ying", "Shen, Xu-Rui", "Wang, Xi", "Zheng, Xiao-Shuang", "Zhao, Kai", "Chen, Quan-Jiao", "Deng, Fei", "Liu, Lin-Lin", "Yan, Bing", "Zhan, Fa-Xian", "Wang, Yan-Yi", "Xiao, Geng-Fu", "Shi, Zheng-Li"], "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32015507", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 18\u00a0years ago, a large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) have been discovered in their natural reservoir host, bats1-4. Previous studies have shown that some bat SARSr-CoVs have the potential to infect humans5-7. Here we report the identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China. The epidemic, which started on 12 December 2019, had caused 2,794 laboratory-confirmed infections including 80 deaths by 26 January 2020. Full-length genome sequences were obtained from five patients at an early stage of the outbreak. The sequences are almost identical and share 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV. Furthermore, we show that 2019-nCoV is 96% identical at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus. Pairwise protein sequence analysis of seven conserved non-structural proteins domains show that this virus belongs to the species of SARSr-CoV. In addition, 2019-nCoV virus isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a critically ill patient could be neutralized by sera from several patients. Notably, we confirmed that 2019-nCoV uses the same cell entry receptor-angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2)-as SARS-CoV."}, {"pmid": 32459712, "title": "The Strategy for Return to Work after the COVID-19 Pandemic on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.", "journal": "J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Yang, Chen-Cheng", "Chuang, Hung-Yi"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459712", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314033, "pmcid": "PMC7169370", "title": "Practical experience on emergency ophthalmic surgery during the prevalence of COVID-19.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Du, Hao", "Zhang, Meng", "Zhang, Hong", "Sun, Xufang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314033", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456409, "title": "A theory on SARS-COV-2 susceptibility: reduced TLR7-activity as a mechanistic link between men, obese and elderly.", "journal": "J Biol Regul Homeost Agents", "authors": ["Englmeier, L"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456409", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474362, "pmcid": "PMC7245308", "title": "Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) as a neurological association in severe Covid-19.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Kishfy, Louis", "Casasola, Marcel", "Banankhah, Peymaan", "Parvez, Arshi", "Jan, Yu Jen", "Shenoy, Anant M", "Thomson, Carey", "AbdelRazek, Mahmoud A"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474362", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431818, "pmcid": "PMC7201274", "title": "Visualizing an unseen enemy; mobilizing structural biology to counter COVID-19.", "journal": "IUCrJ", "authors": ["Baker, Edward N"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431818", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Crystallography in its broadest sense has a crucial role to play in addressing the current COVID-19 pandemic. An outpouring of structural information on key viral proteins has resulted and importantly these data have immediately been shared with researchers round the world to speed the discovery of effective therapeutic agents."}, {"pmid": 32413609, "pmcid": "PMC7207138", "title": "Quantifying the improvement in confirmation efficiency of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the early phase of the outbreak in Hong Kong in 2020.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ran, Jinjun", "Zhao, Shi", "Zhuang, Zian", "Chong, Marc K C", "Cai, Yongli", "Cao, Peihua", "Wang, Kai", "Lou, Yijun", "Wang, Weiming", "Gao, Daozhou", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai", "Wang, Maggie H"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413609", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), caused a large outbreak of coronavirus disease, COVID-19, in Wuhan, China, since December 2019. COVID-19 soon spread to other regions of China and overseas. In Hong Kong, local mitigation measures were implemented since the first imported case was confirmed on January 23, 2020. Here we evaluated the temporal variation of detection delay from symptoms onset to laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 in Hong Kong. A regression model is adopted to quantify the association between the SARS-CoV-2 detection delay and calendar time. The association is tested and further validated by a Cox proportional hazard model. The estimated median detection delay was 9.5 days (95%CI: 6.5-11.5) in the second half of January, reduced to 6.0 days (95%CI: 5.5-9.5) in the first half of February 2020. We estimate that SARS-CoV-2 detection efficiency improved at a daily rate of 5.40% (95%CI: 2.54-8.33) in Hong Kong. The detection efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 was likely being improved substantially in Hong Kong since the first imported case was detected. Sustaining enforcement in timely detection and other effective control measures are recommended to prevent the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32240484, "pmcid": "PMC7113541", "title": "Providing pharmacy services at cabin hospitals at the coronavirus epicenter in China.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharm", "authors": ["Meng, Long", "Qiu, Feng", "Sun, Shusen"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240484", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the Chinese coronavirus epicenter, Wuhan, 16 cabin hospitals were built to admit patients with confirmed coronavirus infection (COVID-19). These cabin hospitals serve the role of effectively quarantine and treat mild cases of patients infected with COVID-19. Each cabin hospital has pharmacists to provide services and pharmaceutical care to patients. Pharmacists also provide assistance to cabin hospitals through remote internet platforms across China. In this commentary, we describe pharmacy services at cabin hospitals to share our experiences with the international pharmacy community."}, {"pmid": 32160316, "pmcid": "PMC7228399", "title": "Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV in a patient in Wuhan city, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhu, Feng", "Cao, Yang", "Xu, Shuyun", "Zhou, Min"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160316", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32102793, "title": "Covid-19: Italy confirms 11 deaths as cases spread from north.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32102793", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406305, "title": "What every orthopaedic surgeon should know about COVID-19: A review of the current literature.", "journal": "J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)", "authors": ["Yung, Colin Shing-Yat", "Fok, Kevin Chi Him", "Leung, Ching Ngai", "Wong, Yat Wa"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406305", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has severely affected the medical community and stopped the world in its tracks. This review aims to provide the basic information necessary for us, orthopaedic surgeons to prepare ourselves to face this pandemic together. Herein, we cover the background of COVID-19, presentation, investigations, transmission, infection control and touch upon emerging treatments. It is of paramount importance that we should stay vigilant for our patients, our families and ourselves. Adequate infection control measures are necessary during day-to-day clinical work."}, {"pmid": 32359101, "pmcid": "PMC7267506", "title": "A hypothesized role for dysregulated bradykinin signaling in COVID-19 respiratory complications.", "journal": "FASEB J", "authors": ["Roche, Joseph A", "Roche, Renuka"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359101", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 20, 2020, over time, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in 157\u00a0970 deaths out of 2\u00a0319\u00a0066 confirmed cases, at a Case Fatality Rate of ~6.8%. With the pandemic rapidly spreading, and health delivery systems being overwhelmed, it is imperative that safe and effective pharmacotherapeutic strategies are rapidly explored to improve survival. In this paper, we use established and emerging evidence to propose a testable hypothesis that, a vicious positive feedback loop of des-Arg(9)-bradykinin- and bradykinin-mediated inflammation\u00a0\u2192\u00a0injury\u00a0\u2192\u00a0inflammation, likely precipitates life threatening respiratory complications in COVID-19. Through our hypothesis, we make the prediction that the FDA-approved molecule, icatibant, might be able to interrupt this feedback loop and, thereby, improve the clinical outcomes. This hypothesis could lead to basic, translational, and clinical studies aimed at reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32374208, "pmcid": "PMC7249469", "title": "A Critical Needs Assessment for Research in Companion Animals and Livestock Following the Pandemic of COVID-19 in Humans.", "journal": "Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis", "authors": ["McNamara, Tracey", "Richt, Juergen A", "Glickman, Larry"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374208", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Problem:\n                     The emergence of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, in November 2019 and a growing body of information compel inquiry regarding the transmissibility of infection between humans and certain animal species. Although there are a number of issues to be considered, the following points are most urgent: The potential for domesticated (companion) animals to serve as a reservoir of infection contributing to continued human-to-human disease, infectivity, and community spread. The ramifications to food security, economy, and trade issues should coronavirus establish itself within livestock and poultry. The disruption to national security if SARS-CoV-2 and its fairly well-established effects on smell (hyposmia/anosmia) to critical military service animals including explosive detector dog, narcotics detector dog, specialized search dog, combat tracker dog, mine detection dog, tactical explosive detector dog, improvised explosive device detector dog, patrol explosive detector dog, and patrol narcotics detector dog, as well as multipurpose canines used by special operations such as used by the U.S. customs and border protection agency (e.g., Beagle Brigade). This article presents in chronological order data that both individually (as received independently from multiple countries) and collectively urge studies that elucidate the following questions. 1.What animal species can be infected with SARS-CoV-2, the likely sources of infection, the period of infectivity, and transmissibility between these animals and to other animal species and humans? 2.What are the best diagnostic tests currently available for companion animals and livestock? 3.What expressions of illness in companion and other animal species can serve as disease markers? Although it is recognized that robust funding and methodology need to be identified to apply the best scientific investigation into these issues, there may be easily identifiable opportunities to capture information that can guide decision and study. First, it may be possible to quickly initiate a data collection strategy using in-place animal gatekeepers, such as zookeepers, veterinarians, kennel owners, feed lots, and military animal handlers. If provided a simple surveillance form, their detection of symptoms (lethargy, hyposmia, anosmia, and others) might be quickly reported to a central data collection site if one were created. Second, although current human COVID-19 disease is aligning around areas of population density and cluster events, it might be possible to overlay animal species density or veterinary reports that could signal some disease association in animals with COVID-19 patients. Unfortunately, although companion animals and zoo species have repeatedly served as sentinels for emerging infectious diseases, they do not currently fall under the jurisdiction of any federal agency and are not under surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32201054, "pmcid": "PMC7270367", "title": "Contact lens practice in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cont Lens Anterior Eye", "authors": ["Zeri, Fabrizio", "Naroo, Shehzad A"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201054", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520888, "title": "Clinical Analysis of 25 COVID-19 Infections in Children.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Bai, Ke", "Liu, Wenjun", "Liu, Chengjun", "Fu, Yueqiang", "Hu, Jun", "Qin, Yanran", "Zhang, Qiaoying", "Chen, Hongyan", "Xu, Feng", "Li, Changda"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520888", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the characteristics of clinical manifestations of children with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in Chongqing. All 25 children with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RNA-PCR) were admitted from the 4 designated treatment hospitals of 2019-nCoV in Chongqing from January 19 to March 12, 2020. Clinical data and epidemiologic history of these patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The diagnosis was confirmed through RNA-PCR testing. Among the 25 cases, 14 were males and 11 were females. The median age was 11.0 (6.3-14.5) years (range 0.6-17.0 years). All children were related to a family cluster outbreak, and 7 children (28%) with a travel or residence history in Hubei Province. These patients could be categorized into different clinical types, including 8 (32%) asymptomatic, 4 (16%) very mild cases and 13 (52%) common cases. No severe or critical cases were identified. The most common symptoms were cough (13 cases, 52%) and fever (6 cases, 24%). The duration time of clinical symptoms was 13.0 (8.0-25.0) days. In the 25 cases, on admission, 21 cases (84%) had normal white blood cell counts, while only 2 cases (8%) more than 10\u2009\u00d7\u200910/L and 2 cases (8%) less than 4\u2009\u00d7\u200910/L, respectively; 22 cases(88%) had normal CD4+ T lymphocyte counts, while in the remaining 3 cases(8%) this increased mildly; 23 cases had normal CD8+ T lymphocyte counts, while in the remaining 2 cases (8%) CD8+ T lymphocyte counts were mildly increased as well. All Lymphocyte counts were normal. There were no statistical differences of lab results between the groups of asymptomatic cases, mild cases and common cases. There were only 13 cases with abnormal CT imaging, most of which were located in the subpleural area of the bottom of the lung. All patients were treated with interferon, 6 cases combined with Ribavirin, and 12 cases combined with lopinavir or ritonavir. The days from onset to RNA turning negative was 15.20\u2009\u00b1\u20096.54 days. There was no significant difference of RNA turning negative between the groups of interferon, interferon plus ribavirin and interferon plus lopinavir or ritonavir treatment. All the cases recovered and were discharged from hospital. The morbidity of 2019-nCoV infection in children is lower than in adults and the clinical manifestations and inflammatory biomarkers in children are nonspecific and milder than that in adults. RNA-PCR test is still the most reliable diagnostic method, especially for asymptomatic patients."}, {"pmid": 32366500, "title": "Covid-19: how to use your time when clinical placements are postponed.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Henry, John A", "Black, Susannah", "Gowell, Matthew", "Morris, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366500", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467087, "title": "Covid-19: The doctors turned YouTubers.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Stokel-Walker, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467087", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188776, "pmcid": "PMC7203928", "title": "Journal Flexibility in the Troubling Times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Plant Cell", "authors": ["Meyers, Blake", "Baxter, Ivan", "Blatt, Mike", "Sweetlove, Lee", "Daniell, Henry", "Lunn, John", "Taylor, Crispin", "Winchester, Nancy"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188776", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452036, "title": "Onset of occupational hand eczema among healthcare workers during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic - comparing a single surgical site with a COVID-19 intensive care unit.", "journal": "Contact Dermatitis", "authors": ["Guertler, Anne", "Moellhoff, Nicholas", "Schenck, Thilo L", "Hagen, Christine S", "Kendziora, Benjamin", "Giunta, Riccardo E", "French, Lars E", "Reinholz, Markus"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452036", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, hygiene regulations have been intensified and hand sanitation has gained special attention. To investigate the onset of hand eczema during the COVID-19 pandemic in health care workers (HCWs) directly involved in intensive care of COVID-19 patients and HCWs without direct contact. Hereby, we aim at increasing awareness with regard to occupational hand eczema and preventive measures that can be undertaken. A survey was distributed amongst 114 HCWs at a single surgical site and at a COVID-19 intensive care unit of the university hospital LMU Munich, Germany. Participants were questioned with regard to the daily frequency of hand hygiene prior to and during the pandemic. Participants self-reported onset of hand eczema and associated symptoms. Our study revealed a significant increase of hand washing, disinfection and use of hand cream across all participants (P-value<.001), regardless of having direct contact with COVID-19 patients. A high prevalence of symptoms associated with acute hand dermatitis was found in 90.4% across all HCWs, whereas hand eczema itself was underreported (14.9%). The increase of hand sanitation during the COVID-19 pandemic impairs the skin of the hands across all HCWs, independent of direct intensive care of affected patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32476231, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic-Can open access modeling give us better answers more quickly?", "journal": "J Appl Clin Med Phys", "authors": ["Beth Allen, Mary", "Mills, Michael", "Mirsaeidi, Mehdi"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476231", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330267, "pmcid": "PMC7188122", "title": "Pulmonary embolism in returning traveler with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Foch, Emilie", "Allou, Nathalie", "Vitry, Thierry", "Masse, Laurie", "Allyn, Jerome", "Andre, Michel", "Allou, Nicolas"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330267", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387822, "pmcid": "PMC7198157", "title": "Assessing air quality changes in large cities during COVID-19 lockdowns: The impacts of traffic-free urban conditions in Almaty, Kazakhstan.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Kerimray, Aiymgul", "Baimatova, Nassiba", "Ibragimova, Olga P", "Bukenov, Bauyrzhan", "Kenessov, Bulat", "Plotitsyn, Pavel", "Karaca, Ferhat"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387822", "countries": ["Kazakhstan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Number of cities worlwide experienced air quality improvements during COVID-19 lockdowns; however, such changes may have been different in places with major contributions from nontraffic related sources. In Almaty, a city-scale quarantine came into force on March 19, 2020, which was a week after the first COVID-19 case was registered in Kazakhstan. This study aims to analyze the effect of the lockdown from March 19 to April 14, 2020 (27\u00a0days), on the concentrations of air pollutants in Almaty. Daily concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, and BTEX were compared between the periods before and during the lockdown. During the lockdown, the PM2.5 concentration was reduced by 21% with spatial variations of 6-34% compared to the average on the same days in 2018-2019, and still, it exceeded WHO daily limit values for 18\u00a0days. There were also substantial reductions in CO and NO2 concentrations by 49% and 35%, respectively, but an increase in O3 levels by 15% compared to the prior 17\u00a0days before the lockdown. The concentrations of benzene and toluene were 2-3 times higher than those during in the same seasons of 2015-2019. The temporal reductions may not be directly attributed to the lockdown due to favorable meteorological variations during the period, but the spatial effects of the quarantine on the pollution levels are evidenced. The results demonstrate the impact of traffic on the complex nature of air pollution in Almaty, which is substantially contributed by various nontraffic related sources, mainly coal-fired combined heat and power plants and household heating systems, as well as possible small irregular sources such as garbage burning and bathhouses."}, {"pmid": 32319882, "title": "Ramadan coincides with the Covid-19 pandemic: What should be done?", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Hosseini Zijoud, Seyed Reza", "Jalali Farahani, Alireza"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422894, "title": "A Novel Synonymous Mutation of SARS-CoV-2: Is This Possible to Affect Their Antigenicity and Immunogenicity?", "journal": "Vaccines (Basel)", "authors": ["Kim, Sung-Jae", "Nguyen, Van-Giap", "Park, Yong-Ho", "Park, Bong-Kyun", "Chung, Hee-Chun"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422894", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The S glycoprotein of coronaviruses is important for viral entry and pathogenesis with most variable sequences. Therefore, we analyzed the S gene sequences of SARS-CoV-2 to better understand the antigenicity and immunogenicity of this virus in this study. In phylogenetic analysis, two subtypes (SARS-CoV-2a and -b) were confirmed within SARS-CoV-2 strains. These two subtypes were divided by a novel synonymous mutation of D614G. This may play a crucial role in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 to evade the host immune system. The region containing this mutation point was confirmed as a B-cell epitope located in the S1 domain, and SARS-CoV-2b strains exhibited severe reduced antigenic indexes compared to SARS-CoV-2a in this area. This may allow these two subtypes to have different antigenicity. If the two subtypes have different serological characteristics, a vaccine for both subtypes will be more effective to prevent COVID-19. Thus, further study is urgently required to confirm the antigenicity of these two subtypes."}, {"pmid": 32401713, "pmcid": "PMC7211494", "title": "Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Kluge, Hans Henri P", "Wickramasinghe, Kremlin", "Rippin, Holly L", "Mendes, Romeu", "Peters, David H", "Kontsevaya, Anna", "Breda, Joao"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401713", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364264, "title": "Post-mortem examination of COVID19 patients reveals diffuse alveolar damage with severe capillary congestion and variegated findings of lungs and other organs suggesting vascular dysfunction.", "journal": "Histopathology", "authors": ["Menter, T", "Haslbauer, J D", "Nienhold, R", "Savic, S", "Hopfer, H", "Deigendesch, N", "Frank, S", "Turek, D", "Willi, N", "Pargger, H", "Bassetti, S", "Leuppi, J D", "Cathomas, G", "Tolnay, M", "Mertz, K D", "Tzankov, A"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364264", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly evolved into a sweeping pandemic. While its major manifestation is in the respiratory tract, the general extent of organ involvement as well as microscopic changes in the lungs remain insufficiently characterised. Autopsies are essential to elucidate COVID-19-associated organ alterations. This study reports autopsy findings of 21 COVID-19 patients hospitalised at the University Hospital Basel and at the Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Switzerland. An in-corpore technique was performed to ensure optimal staff safety. The primary cause of death was respiratory failure with exudative diffuse alveolar damage with massive capillary congestion often accompanied by microthrombi despite anticoagulation. Ten cases showed superimposed bronchopneumonia. Further findings included pulmonary embolisms (n=4), alveolar haemorrhage (n=3) and vasculitis (n=1). Pathologies in other organ systems were predominantly attributable to shock; three patients showed signs of generalised thrombotic microangiopathy. Six patients were diagnosed with senile cardiac amyloidosis upon autopsy. Most patients suffered from one or more comorbidities (hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus). Additionally, there was an overall predominance of males and individuals with blood group A (81% and 65%, respectively). All relevant histological slides are linked as open-source scans in supplementary files. This study provides an overview of post-mortem findings in COVID-19 cases, implying that hypertensive, elderly, obese, male individuals with severe cardiovascular comorbidities as well as those with blood group A may have a lower threshold of tolerance for COVID-19. This provides a pathophysiological explanation for higher mortality rates amongst these patients."}, {"pmid": 32157732, "pmcid": "PMC7228307", "title": "Harnessing the immune system via FcgammaR function in immune therapy: a pathway to next-gen mAbs.", "journal": "Immunol Cell Biol", "authors": ["Chenoweth, Alicia M", "Wines, Bruce D", "Anania, Jessica C", "Mark Hogarth, P"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157732", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The human fragment crystallizable (Fc)\u03b3\u00a0receptor\u00a0(R) interacts with antigen-complexed immunoglobulin (Ig)G ligands to both activate and modulate a powerful network of inflammatory host-protective effector functions that are key to the normal physiology of immune resistance to pathogens. More than 100 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are approved or in late stage clinical trials, many of which harness the potent Fc\u03b3R-mediated effector systems to varying degrees. This is most evident for antibodies targeting cancer cells inducing antibody-dependent killing or phagocytosis but is also true to some degree for the mAbs that neutralize or remove small macromolecules such as cytokines or other Igs. The use of mAb therapeutics has also revealed a \"scaffolding\" role for Fc\u03b3R which, in different contexts, may either underpin the therapeutic mAb action such as immune agonism or trigger catastrophic adverse effects. The still unmet therapeutic need in many cancers, inflammatory diseases or emerging infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires increased effort on the development of improved and novel mAbs. A more mature appreciation of the immunobiology of individual Fc\u03b3R function and the complexity of the relationships between Fc\u03b3Rs and antibodies is fueling efforts to develop more potent \"next-gen\" therapeutic antibodies. Such development strategies now include focused glycan or protein engineering of the Fc to increase affinity and/or tailor specificity for selective engagement of individual activating Fc\u03b3Rs or the inhibitory Fc\u03b3RIIb or alternatively, for the ablation of Fc\u03b3R interaction altogether. This review touches on recent aspects of Fc\u03b3R and IgG immunobiology and its relationship with the present and future actions of therapeutic mAbs."}, {"pmid": 32317247, "title": "What will we learn from covid-19? That we live in an uncertain world.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Harvey, Judith H"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317247", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251644, "pmcid": "PMC7186537", "title": "A planetary health perspective on COVID-19: a call for papers.", "journal": "Lancet Planet Health", "authors": ["Brown, Alastair", "Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251644", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521726, "title": "2019-nCoV: Measures Adopted at the Departments of Oral Surgery and Radiology during the Period of an Uncontrolled Transmission Increase.", "journal": "Dent J (Basel)", "authors": ["Bohner, Lauren", "Maus, Melanie", "Kleinheinz, Johannes", "Hanisch, Marcel"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521726", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new mutation of 2019-nCoV emerged and has been spreading worldwide. Dental practices are an important person-to-person transmission route. In this regard, preventive measures are required to avoid the cross contamination among professionals and patients. This report brings recommended measures for dental assistance during the pandemic phase. The clinical protocol applied at the Department of Oral Maxillofacial and Surgery, such as at the Department of Radiology, Hospital University M\u00fcnster, is described. A management protocol was applied to prevent the transmission route of 2019-nCoV. Patients infected with 2019-nCoV are treated only in emergency situations. The use of protective equipment and dental office isolation were the major points to avoid the contact between infected and non-infected patients. Preventive measures should be taken in order to reduce the spread of 2019-nCoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32267531, "title": "COVID-19 Obstetrics Task Force, Lombardy, Italy: Executive management summary and short report of outcome.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Ferrazzi, Enrico M", "Frigerio, Luigi", "Cetin, Irene", "Vergani, Patrizia", "Spinillo, Arsenio", "Prefumo, Federico", "Pellegrini, Edda", "Gargantini, Gianluigi"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267531", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From February 24, 2020, a COVID-19 obstetric task force was structured to deliver management recommendations for obstetric care. From March 1, 2020, six COVID-19 hubs and their spokes were designated. An interim analysis of cases occurring in or transferred to these hubs was performed on March 20, 2020 and recommendations were released on March 24, 2020. The vision of this strict organization was to centralize patients in high-risk maternity centers in order to concentrate human resources and personal protective equipment (PPE), dedicate protected areas of these major hospitals, and centralize clinical multidisciplinary experience with this disease. All maternity hospitals were informed to provide a protected labor and delivery room for nontransferable patients in advanced labor. A pre-triage based on temperature and 14 other items was developed in order to screen suspected patients in all hospitals to be tested with nasopharyngeal swabs. Obstetric outpatient facilities were instructed to maintain scheduled pregnancy screening as per Italian guidelines, and to provide pre-triage screening and surgical masks for personnel and patients for pre-triage-negative patients. Forty-two cases were recorded in the first 20\u00a0days of hub and spoke organization. The clinical presentation was interstitial pneumonia in 20 women. Of these, seven required respiratory support and eventually recovered. Two premature labors occurred."}, {"pmid": 32527666, "title": "Patterns of Adult and Paediatric Hand Trauma During the COVID-19 Lockdown.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Garude, Kirti", "Natalwala, Ibrahim", "Hughes, Benedict", "West, Christopher", "Bhat, Waseem"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527666", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511971, "title": "Comparative analysis of laboratory indexes of severe and non-severe patients infected with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Bao, Jingfeng", "Li, Chenxi", "Zhang, Kai", "Kang, Haiquan", "Chen, Wensen", "Gu, Bing"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511971", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has threaten the global health. The characteristics of laboratory findings of coronavirus are of great significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. We found indicators that may most effectively predict a non-severe COVID-19 patient develop into a severe patient. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the laboratory findings of severe patients with non-severe patients with COVID-19 from searched articles. Through the analysis of laboratory examination information of patients with COVID-19 from 35 articles (5912 patients), we demonstrated that severe cases possessed higher levels of leukocyte (1.20-fold), neutrophil (1.33-fold), CRP (3.04-fold), PCT (2.00-fold), ESR (1.44-fold), AST (1.40-fold), ALT (1.34-fold), LDH (1.54-fold), CK (1.44-fold), CK-MB (1.39-fold), total bilirubin(1.14-fold), urea (1.28-fold), creatine (1.09-fold), PT (1.03-fold) and D-dimer (2.74-fold), as well as lower levels of lymphocytes (1.44-fold), eosinophil (2.00-fold), monocyte (1.08-fold), Hemoglobin (1.53-fold), PLT (1.15-fold), albumin (1.15-fold), and APTT (1.02-fold). Lymphocyte subsets and series of inflammatory cytokines were also different in severe cases with the non-severe ones, including lower levels of CD4 T cells (2.10-fold) and CD8 T cells (2.00-fold), higher levels of IL-1\u03b2 (1.02-fold), IL-6 (1.93-fold) and IL-10 (1.55-fold). Some certain laboratory inspections could predict the progress of the COVID-19 changes, especially lymphocytes, CRP, PCT, ALT, AST, LDH, D-dimer, CD4 T cells and IL6, which provide valuable signals for preventing the deterioration of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32329972, "pmcid": "PMC7200054", "title": "Asymptomatic Transmission, the Achilles' Heel of Current Strategies to Control Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Gandhi, Monica", "Yokoe, Deborah S", "Havlir, Diane V"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329972", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429235, "title": "AMPK and the Need to Breathe and Feed: What's the Matter with Oxygen?", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Evans, A Mark", "Hardie, D Grahame"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429235", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We live and to do so we must breathe and eat, so are we a combination of what we eat and breathe? Here, we will consider this question, and the role in this respect of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Emerging evidence suggests that AMPK facilitates central and peripheral reflexes that coordinate breathing and oxygen supply, and contributes to the central regulation of feeding and food choice. We propose, therefore, that oxygen supply to the body is aligned with not only the quantity we eat, but also nutrient-based diet selection, and that the cell-specific expression pattern of AMPK subunit isoforms is critical to appropriate system alignment in this respect. Currently available information on how oxygen supply may be aligned with feeding and food choice, or vice versa, through our motivation to breathe and select particular nutrients is sparse, fragmented and lacks any integrated understanding. By addressing this, we aim to provide the foundations for a clinical perspective that reveals untapped potential, by highlighting how aberrant cell-specific changes in the expression of AMPK subunit isoforms could give rise, in part, to known associations between metabolic disease, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, sleep-disordered breathing, pulmonary hypertension and acute respiratory distress syndrome."}, {"pmid": 32283141, "pmcid": "PMC7195339", "title": "Serological immunochromatographic approach in diagnosis with SARS-CoV-2 infected COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Pan, Yunbao", "Li, Xinran", "Yang, Gui", "Fan, Junli", "Tang, Yueting", "Zhao, Jin", "Long, Xinghua", "Guo, Shuang", "Zhao, Ziwu", "Liu, Yinjuan", "Hu, Hanning", "Xue, Han", "Li, Yirong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283141", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was occurred in Wuhan, China and rapidly spread to other cities and nations. The standard diagnostic approach that widely adopted in the clinic is nucleic acid detection by real-time RT-PCR. However, the false-negative rate of the technique is unneglectable and serological methods are urgently warranted. Here, we presented the colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic (ICG) strip targeting viral IgM or IgG antibody and compared it with real-time RT-PCR. The sensitivity of ICG assay with IgM and IgG combinatorial detection in nucleic acid confirmed cases were 11.1%, 92.9% and 96.8% at the early stage (1-7 days after onset), intermediate stage (8-14 days after onset), and late stage (more than 15 days), respectively. The ICG detection capacity in nucleic acid-negative suspected cases was 43.6%. In addition, the concordance of whole blood samples and plasma showed Cohen's kappa value of 0.93, which represented the almost perfect agreement between two types of samples. In conclusion, serological ICG strip assay in detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection is both sensitive and consistent, which is considered as an excellent supplementary approach in clinical application."}, {"pmid": 32239525, "pmcid": "PMC7228292", "title": "Radiologic chest CT findings from COVID-19 in Orleans Parish, Louisiana.", "journal": "Echocardiography", "authors": ["Danrad, Raman", "Smith, David L", "Kerut, Edmund K"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239525", "countries": ["United States", "France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Orleans Parish in Louisiana is in the midst of an exponentially increasing number of patient admissions with COVID-19 and respiratory symptoms. Patients have been described having CT findings most consistent with an early-stage (<7\u00a0days from symptoms onset) or an advanced stage (8-14\u00a0days from symptoms onset). We describe and illustrate those early and advanced stage CT findings from patients with documented COVID-19 who have been admitted to University Medical Center in New Orleans, Louisiana."}, {"pmid": 32290883, "pmcid": "PMC7184145", "title": "Practical implementation of COVID-19 patient flags into an antimicrobial stewardship program's prospective review.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Stevens, Ryan W", "Estes, Lynn", "Rivera, Christina"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290883", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249357, "pmcid": "PMC7130453", "title": "Influenza and obesity: its odd relationship and the lessons for COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Diabetol", "authors": ["Luzi, Livio", "Radaelli, Maria Grazia"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249357", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Analyze the relationship between obesity and influenza. Basal hormone milieu, defective response of both innate and adaptive immune system and sedentariness are major determinants in the severity of influenza viral infection in obese patients. Being overweight not only increases the risk of infection and of complications for the single obese person, but a large prevalence of obese individuals within the population might increase the chance of appearance of more virulent viral strain, prolongs the virus shedding throughout the total population and eventually might increase overall mortality rate of an influenza pandemic. Waiting for the development of a vaccination against COVID-19, isolation of positive cases and social distancing are the primary interventions. Nonetheless, evidence from previous influenza pandemics suggests the following interventions aimed at improving immune response: (1) lose weight with a mild caloric restriction; (2) include AMPK activators and PPAR gamma activators in the drug treatment for obesity associated with diabetes; and (3) practice mild-to-moderate physical exercise. Due to prolonged viral shedding, quarantine in obese subjects should likely be longer than normal weight individuals."}, {"pmid": 32305520, "pmcid": "PMC7162745", "title": "Association of the COVID-19 pandemic with Internet Search Volumes: A Google Trends(TM) Analysis.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Effenberger, Maria", "Kronbichler, Andreas", "Shin, Jae Il", "Mayer, Gert", "Tilg, Herbert", "Perco, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305520", "countries": ["Egypt", "Brazil", "Australia", "China", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the association of public interest in coronavirus infections with the actual number of infected cases for selected countries across the globe. We performed a Google TrendsTM search for \"Coronavirus\" and compared Relative Search Volumes (RSV) indices to the number of reported COVID-19 cases by the European Center for Disease Control (ECDC) using time-lag correlation analysis. Worldwide public interest in Coronavirus reached its first peak end of January when numbers of newly infected patients started to increase exponentially in China. The worldwide Google TrendsTM index reached its peak on the 12th of March 2020 at a time when numbers of infected patients started to increase in Europe and COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. At this time the general interest in China but also the Republic of Korea has already been significantly decreased as compared to end of January. Correlations between RSV indices and number of new COVID-19 cases were observed across all investigated countries with highest correlations observed with a time lag of -11.5 days, i.e. highest interest in coronavirus observed 11.5 days before the peak of newly infected cases. This pattern was very consistent across European countries but also holds true for the US. In Brazil and Australia, highest correlations were observed with a time lag of -7 days. In Egypt the highest correlation is given with a time lag of 0, potentially indicating that in this country, numbers of newly infected patients will increase exponentially within the course of April. Public interest indicated by RSV indices can help to monitor the progression of an outbreak such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Public interest is on average highest 11.5 days before the peak of newly infected cases."}, {"pmid": 32479992, "pmcid": "PMC7256562", "title": "Identifying causal role of COVID-19 in immunopsychiatry models.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Horn, Sarah R", "Weston, Sara J", "Fisher, Philip A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479992", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300261, "pmcid": "PMC7151380", "title": "Severe air pollution events not avoided by reduced anthropogenic activities during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Resour Conserv Recycl", "authors": ["Wang, Pengfei", "Chen, Kaiyu", "Zhu, Shengqiang", "Wang, Peng", "Zhang, Hongliang"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300261", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 in China, almost all avoidable activities in China are prohibited since Wuhan announced lockdown on January 23, 2020. With reduced activities, severe air pollution events still occurred in the North China Plain, causing discussions regarding why severe air pollution was not avoided. The Community Multi-scale Air Quality model was applied during January 01 to February 12, 2020 to study PM2.5 changes under emission reduction scenarios. The estimated emission reduction case (Case 3) better reproduced PM2.5. Compared with the case without emission change (Case 1), Case 3 predicted that PM2.5 concentrations decreased by up to 20% with absolute decreases of 5.35, 6.37, 9.23, 10.25, 10.30, 12.14, 12.75, 14.41, 18.00 and 30.79\u00a0\u03bcg/m3 in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Tianjin, Jinan, Taiyuan, Xi'an, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, respectively. In high-pollution days with PM2.5 greater than 75\u00a0\u03bcg/m3, the reductions of PM2.5 in Case 3 were 7.78, 9.51, 11.38, 13.42, 13.64, 14.15, 14.42, 16.95 and 22.08\u00a0\u03bcg/m3 in Shanghai, Jinan, Shijiazhuang, Beijing, Taiyuan, Xi'an, Tianjin, Zhengzhou and Wuhan, respectively. The reductions in emissions of PM2.5 precursors were ~2 times of that in concentrations, indicating that meteorology was unfavorable during simulation episode. A further analysis shows that benefits of emission reductions were overwhelmed by adverse meteorology and severe air pollution events were not avoided. This study highlights that large emissions reduction in transportation and slight reduction in industrial would not help avoid severe air pollution in China, especially when meteorology is unfavorable. More efforts should be made to completely avoid severe air pollution."}, {"pmid": 32187463, "pmcid": "PMC7121446", "title": "Covid-19 - The Search for Effective Therapy.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Baden, Lindsey R", "Rubin, Eric J"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187463", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310915, "title": "[ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Verdecchia, Paolo", "Reboldi, Gianpaolo", "Cavallini, Claudio", "Mazzotta, Giovanni", "Angeli, Fabio"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310915", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some Authors recently suggested that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) should be discontinued, even temporarily, given the current pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The suggestion is based on the hypothesis that ACE-inhibitors and ARBs may favor the entry and diffusion of SARS-CoV-2 virus into the human cells. ACE-inhibitors and ARBs may increase the expression of ACE2 receptors, which are the sites of viral entry into the human organism. ACE2 receptors are ubiquitous, although they are extremely abundant on the cell surface of type 2 pneumocytes. Type 2 pneumocytes are small cylindrical alveolar cells located in close vicinity to pulmonary capillaries and responsible for the synthesis of alveolar surfactant, which is known to facilitate gas exchanges. The increased expression of ACE2 for effect of ACE-inhibitors and ARBs can be detected by increased production of angiotensin1-7 and mRNA related to ACE2. There is the fear that the increased expression of ACE2 induced by ACE-inhibitors and ARBs may ultimately facilitate the entry and diffusion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, there is no clinical evidence to support this hypothesis. Furthermore, available data are conflicting and some counter-intuitive findings suggest that ARBs may be beneficial, not harmful. Indeed, studies conducted in different laboratories demonstrated that ACE2 receptors show a down-regulation (i.e. the opposite of what would happen with ACE-inhibitors and ARBs) for effect of their interaction with the virus. In animal studies, down-regulation of ACE2 has been found as prevalent in the pulmonary areas infected by virus, but not in the surrounding areas. In these studies, virus-induced ACE2 down-regulation would lead to a reduced formation of angiotensin1-7 (because ACE2 degrades angiotensin II into angiotensin1-7) with consequent accumulation of angiotensin II. The excess angiotensin II would favor pulmonary edema and inflammation, a phenomenon directly associated with angiotensin II levels, along with worsening in pulmonary function. Such detrimental effects have been blocked by ARBs in experimental models. In the light of the above considerations, it is reasonable to conclude that the suggestion to discontinue ACE-inhibitors or ARBs in all patients with the aim of preventing or limiting the diffusion of SARS-CoV-2 virus is not based on clinical evidence. Conversely, experimental studies suggest that ARBs might be useful in these patients to limit pulmonary damage through the inhibition of type 1 angiotensin II receptors. Controlled clinical studies in this area are eagerly awaited. This review discusses facts and theories on the potential impact of ACE-inhibitors and ARBs in the setting of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32507963, "title": "Thyroid disease in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Endocrine", "authors": ["Dworakowska, Dorota", "Grossman, Ashley B"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507963", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 is produced by SARS-CoV-2. WHO has declared COVID-19 as a public health emergency, with the most susceptible populations (requiring ventilation) being the elderly, pregnant women and people with associated co-morbidities including heart failure, uncontrolled diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and cancer. However, such general guidance does not provide information regarding COVID-19 risks in patients with suffering from pre-existing thyroid problems, and furthermore, we do not know whether patients with COVID-19 (symptomatic or without symptoms), who have not previously had thyroid issues develop endocrine thyroid dysfunction after infection. The European Society for Endocrinology recently published a statement on COVID-19 and endocrine diseases (Endocrine, 2020); however, thyroid diseases were not mentioned specifically. We have therefore reviewed the current literature on thyroid diseases (excluding cancer) and COVID-19, including data from the previous coronavirus pandemic caused by the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), a member of the same family Coronaviridae leading to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). At the moment there are no data suggesting that thyroid patients are at higher risk of COVID-19, but this requites further research and data analysis."}, {"pmid": 32422305, "pmcid": "PMC7227533", "title": "Lungs as target of COVID-19 infection: Protective common molecular mechanisms of vitamin D and melatonin as a new potential synergistic treatment.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Martin Gimenez, Virna Margarita", "Inserra, Felipe", "Tajer, Carlos D", "Mariani, Javier", "Ferder, Leon", "Reiter, Russel J", "Manucha, Walter"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422305", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has a high mortality rate and is affecting practically the entire world population. The leading cause of death is severe acute respiratory syndrome as a consequence of exacerbated inflammatory response accompanied by uncontrolled oxidative stress as well as the inflammatory reaction at the lung level. Until now, there is not a specific and definitive treatment for this pathology that worries the world population, especially the older adults who constitute the main risk group. In this context, it results in a particular interest in the evaluation of the efficacy of existing pharmacological agents that may be used for overcoming or attenuating the severity of this pulmonary complication that has ended the lives of many people worldwide. Vitamin D and melatonin could be good options for achieving this aim, taking into account that they have many shared underlying mechanisms that are able to modulate and control the immune adequately and oxidative response against COVID-19 infection, possibly even through a synergistic interaction. The renin-angiotensin system exaltation with consequent inflammatory response has a leading role in the physiopathology of COVID-19 infection; and it may be down-regulated by vitamin D and melatonin in many organs. Therefore, it is also essential to analyze this potential therapeutic association and their relation with RAS as part of this new approach."}, {"pmid": 32339480, "pmcid": "PMC7182512", "title": "COVID-19: home poisoning throughout the containment period.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Le Roux, Gael", "Sinno-Tellier, Sandra", "Descatha, Alexis"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339480", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515378, "title": "Clinical features, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients in the outdoor setting.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Jamil, Bushra"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515378", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a brief span of a few months, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought a major paradigm shift in operation of clinical services around the world. Infection may be mild, moderate or severe; many remain asymptomatic. High burden of non-communicable and communicable diseases theoretically puts Pakistani population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 infection. Considering the universal risk of infection, the outpatient services in Pakistan need to be redesigned. Starting with risk assessment of the facility and provision of a dedicated telephone connection, structure and workflow need to be redesigned in order to minimise risk of exposure to healthcare professionals, staff and patients. Patients with COVID-19 patients should be identified before they arrive in the facility and should be served expeditiously, in an environment which prevents cross-transmission of infection. Tele-consultation is assuming an important role. Changes which are taking place in response to Covid-19 pandemic will have far reaching effects on clinical services in Pakistan."}, {"pmid": 32326986, "pmcid": "PMC7205551", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on mental healthcare of older adults: insights from Lebanon (Middle East).", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Khoury, Rita", "Karam, Georges"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326986", "countries": ["Lebanon"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348742, "pmcid": "PMC7194606", "title": "Fetal interventions in the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: statement from the North American Fetal Therapy Network.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Bahtiyar, Mert Ozan", "Baschat, Ahmet", "Deprest, Jan", "Emery, Stephen", "Goodnight, William Harold", "Johnson, Anthony", "McCullough, Laurence", "Moldenhauer, Julie S", "Ryan, Greg", "Tsao, KuoJen", "Van Mieghem, Tim", "Wagner, Amy", "Zaretsky, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348742", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520073, "title": "Simulating social distancing measures in household and close contact transmission of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Garcia Filho, Carlos"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520073", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We sought to evaluate contact rate reduction goals for household and close contacts and to provide preventive recommendations during the coronavirus pandemic. We applied an agent-based model to simulate the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 within household or close contacts through a social network of 150 nodes. there is no great difference in total infected people within modifications in number of links per node for networks with average number of links per node greater than three. For six nodes, total infected people are 149.85; for five nodes, 148.97; and for four nodes, 141.57. On the other hand, for three nodes, total infected are 82.39, for two nodes, 13.95; and for one node, 2.96. This model indicates a possible pitfall if social distancing measures are not stepwise suspended and close surveillance of cases are not provided, since the relationship between average links per node and number of infected people seems to be s-shaped, and not linear."}, {"pmid": 32473012, "title": "Response to Malkovsky.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zeng, Qing-Lei", "Ji, Fanpu", "Zhang, Ji-Yuan"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473012", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479861, "pmcid": "PMC7258838", "title": "National outreach of telepalliative medicine volunteers for a New York City safety net system COVID-19 pandemic response.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Israilov, Sigal", "Krouss, Mona", "Zaurova, Milana", "Jalon, Hillary S", "Conley, Georgia", "Shulman, Pavel", "Ivanyuk, Marina", "Jalkut, Elizabeth", "Saladini-Aponte, Carla", "Sharma-Cooper, Haseen", "Smeltz, Robert", "Faillace, Robert T", "Wei, Eric K", "Cho, Hyung J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479861", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 surge in New York City created an increased demand for palliative care (PC) services. In staff-limited settings such as safety net systems, and amid growing reports of healthcare worker illness, leveraging help from less-affected areas around the country may provide an untapped source of support. A national social media outreach effort recruited 413 telepalliative medicine volunteers (TPMV). After expedited credentialing and onboarding of 67 TPMV, a 2-week pilot was initiated in partnership with five public health hospitals without any previous existing telehealth structure. The volunteers completed 109 PC consults in the pilot period. Survey feedback from TPMV and on-site PC providers was largely positive, with areas of improvement identified around electronic health record navigation and continuity of care. This was a successful, proof of concept, quality improvement initiative leveraging TPMV from across the nation for a PC pandemic response in a safety net system."}, {"pmid": 32242115, "title": "Special report: The simulations driving the world's response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Adam, David"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242115", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319792, "title": "Unexpected Findings of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) at the Lung Bases on Abdominopelvic CT.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Dane, Bari", "Brusca-Augello, Geraldine", "Kim, Danny", "Katz, Douglas S"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319792", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to report unanticipated lung base findings on abdominal CT in 23 patients concerning for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In these patients, who were not previously suspected of having COVID-19, abdominal pain was the most common indication for CT (n = 19), and 11 patients had no extrapulmonary findings. Seventeen patients underwent polymerase chain reaction testing, which returned positive results for all 17. CONCLUSION. Unsuspected coronavirus disease may be strongly suggested on the basis of lung findings on abdominopelvic CT."}, {"pmid": 32247881, "pmcid": "PMC7128454", "title": "Surgical Decision Making in the Era of COVID-19: A New Set of Rules.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Brown, Jubilee"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247881", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296259, "pmcid": "PMC7158785", "title": "Convalescent plasma: A possible treatment of COVID-19 in India.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296259", "countries": ["Italy", "India", "Spain", "China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In India, SARS-CoV-2 virus-induced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already infected close to 5500 people, causing the death of 164. While these numbers are not comparable with values observed for the USA, Italy, or Spain, given the population of India, and the fact that the pandemic is now in an exponential stage of growth, the risks of a contagion that affects a large sector of the Indian population are real. There are no current effective strategies to prevent the spread, other than minimizing contact through social distancing, while no fully effective drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19 exist, although several candidate drugs and repurposed antiviral and immune-modulating pharmacotherapies are being tested or in compassionate use. One postexposure prophylaxis, convalescent (immune) plasma (CP), has shown some success in China\u00a0and previously in the cure and therapy of other coronaviruses, SARS-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Drawn from current patients who are infected with COVID-19, its CP (human anti-SARS-CoV-2 plasma) might be one way to modulate the infectivity of this virus\u00a0or its effects postinfection."}, {"pmid": 32278960, "pmcid": "PMC7138383", "title": "COVID-19 from veterinary medicine and one health perspectives: What animal coronaviruses have taught us.", "journal": "Res Vet Sci", "authors": ["Decaro, Nicola", "Martella, Vito", "Saif, Linda J", "Buonavoglia, Canio"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278960", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255437, "pmcid": "PMC7240239", "title": "Radiographic and Clinical Features of Children With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Li, Bo", "Shen, Jie", "Li, Liang", "Yu, Chengxin"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255437", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to investigate chest computed tomography (CT) findings in children with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia in our hospital. This study included 22 pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 from January to March, 2020. The chest CT images and clinical data were reviewed. The most prevalent presenting symptoms were fever (64%) and cough (59%), and a mildly elevated mean (SD) C-reactive protein (CRP) level of 11.22(11.06) and erythrocyte sedimentation rateof 18.8(15.17) were detected. The major CT abnormalities observed were mixed ground-glass opacity and consolidation lesions (36%), consolidations (32%), and ground-glass opacities (14%). Peripheral distribution (45%) of lung lesions was predominant. Most of the lesions were multilobar(68%), with an average of three lung segments involved. Children with COVID-19 had relatively milder symptoms and less severe lung inflammation than adults. Chest CT plays an important role in the management of children with COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32432897, "title": "Reply: COVID-19 Lung Injury and \"Typical\" ARDS: The Danger of Presumed Equivalency.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Luks, Andrew M", "Swenson, Erik R"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432897", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246879, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: New global challenges for the haemophilia community.", "journal": "Haemophilia", "authors": ["Hermans, Cedric", "Weill, Alain", "Pierce, Glenn F"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246879", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393875, "title": "Coronavirus blood-clot mystery intensifies.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Willyard, Cassandra"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393875", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454062, "pmcid": "PMC7255142", "title": "Perspective from Singapore and China on the COVID-19 Pandemic: The New World Order for Ophthalmic Practice.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Koh, Adrian", "Chen, Youxin"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454062", "countries": ["Singapore", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363219, "pmcid": "PMC7195910", "title": "Binding site analysis of potential protease inhibitors of COVID-19 using AutoDock.", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Mothay, Dipti", "Ramesh, K V"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363219", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 raised global health concerns. Re-purposing the available protease inhibitor drugs for immediate use in treatment in SARS-CoV-2 infections could improve the currently available clinical management. The current study, aims to predict theoretical structure for protease of COVID-19 and to explore further whether this protein can serve as a target for protease inhibitor drugs such as remdesivir, nelfinavir, lopinavir, ritonavir and \u03b1-ketoamide. While the 3D structure of protease was predicted using SWISS MODEL server, molecular interaction studies between protein and ligands were performed using AutoDock software. The predicted protease model was reasonably good based on reports generated by different validation servers. The study further revealed that all the protease inhibitor drugs got docked with negative dock energy onto the target protein. Molecular interaction studies showed that protease structure had multiple active site residues for remdesivir, while for remaining ligands the structure had only one active site residue each. From the output of multiple sequence alignment, it is evident that ligand binding sites were conserved. The current in silico study thus, provides structural insights about the protease of COVID-19 and also its molecular interactions with some of the known protease inhibitors."}, {"pmid": 32226292, "pmcid": "PMC7098026", "title": "Tribute to health workers in China: A group of respectable population during the outbreak of the COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Jin, Yu", "Wang, Yu", "Zhang, Qinge", "Zhang, Ling", "Cheung, Teris"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226292", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The health authorities reported that 3,019 Chinese health workers were infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), of whom, ten died. This article explored relevant reasons and offered suggestions to reduce the risk of infection and provide emergency psychological response for this population."}, {"pmid": 32329799, "title": "Management of COVID-19 Respiratory Distress.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Marini, John J", "Gattinoni, Luciano"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329799", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415045, "title": "Disability and quality of life before and during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study in inflammatory bowel disease patients.", "journal": "Saudi J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Azzam, Nahla A", "Aljebreen, Abdulrahman", "Almuhareb, Arwa", "Almadi, Majid A"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415045", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder affecting patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) which adds to their disability. Little is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HRQoL of IBD patients. We aimed to evaluate HRQoL in IBD patient's pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic using the IBD-disk questionnaire and explore associations between socio demographic factors, disease types, severity and impaired HRQoL in patients with IBD. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia between November 2019 and March 2020 at the outpatient IBD clinics. The HRQoL of patients was assessed using the 10-item IBD-disk questionnaire. A total of 59 IBD patients (40 Crohn's disease, 19 Ulcerative colitis) with a mean disease duration of 3.5 years were included. Most of the patients (77.97%) were on biologics while 35.59% were on immune modulators, 16.94% on 5-ASA, and 3.38% were on corticosteroids. There was no difference between any of the 10 IBD-disk variables pre and post-COVID-19 pandemic apart from the perception of body image, where there was a slightly more negative perception with an increase from 2.53 to 3.39 (P = 0.05) There was no significant difference in HRQoL between patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in any of domains. The current study showed that disability and HRQoL appears to be unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic among our cohort, however further studies with longer follow up and larger sample size is needed."}, {"pmid": 32287047, "pmcid": "PMC7176269", "title": "Emergency Open-source Three-dimensional Printable Ventilator Circuit Splitter and Flow Regulator during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Lai, Bryan K", "Erian, Jennifer L", "Pew, Scott H", "Eckmann, Maxim S"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287047", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32160889, "pmcid": "PMC7065369", "title": "Geographical tracking and mapping of coronavirus disease COVID-19/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic and associated events around the world: how 21st century GIS technologies are supporting the global fight against outbreaks and epidemics.", "journal": "Int J Health Geogr", "authors": ["Kamel Boulos, Maged N", "Geraghty, Estella M"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160889", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new virus (initially called 'Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV' and later renamed to SARS-CoV-2) causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (coronavirus disease COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and rapidly spread to other parts of China and other countries around the world, despite China's massive efforts to contain the disease within Hubei. As with the original SARS-CoV epidemic of 2002/2003 and with seasonal influenza, geographic information systems and methods, including, among other application possibilities, online real-or near-real-time mapping of disease cases and of social media reactions to disease spread, predictive risk mapping using population travel data, and tracing and mapping super-spreader trajectories and contacts across space and time, are proving indispensable for timely and effective epidemic monitoring and response. This paper offers pointers to, and describes, a range of practical online/mobile GIS and mapping dashboards and applications for tracking the 2019/2020 coronavirus epidemic and associated events as they unfold around the world. Some of these dashboards and applications are receiving data updates in near-real-time (at the time of writing), and one of them is meant for individual users (in China) to check if the app user has had any close contact with a person confirmed or suspected to have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the recent past. We also discuss additional ways GIS can support the fight against infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32304892, "pmcid": "PMC7156945", "title": "The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: Adaptations in medical education.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Alsafi, Zaid", "Abbas, Abdul-Rahman", "Hassan, Aimen", "Ali, Mohamed Adam"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304892", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424484, "pmcid": "PMC7233674", "title": "Reactions to COVID-19: actions of nuclear medicine healthcare personnel in China.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Liu, Yan-Qing", "Yang, Zhi", "Lin, Yan-Song"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424484", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317431, "title": "Therapeutic opportunities to manage COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection: Present and future.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Shetty, Rohit", "Ghosh, Arkasubhra", "Honavar, Santosh G", "Khamar, Pooja", "Sethu, Swaminathan"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317431", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A severe form of respiratory disease - COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has evolved into a pandemic resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The unabated spread of the disease is due to lack of vaccine and effective therapeutic agents against this novel virus. Hence, the situation demands an immediate need to explore all the plausible therapeutic and prophylactic strategies that can be made available to stem the spread of the disease. Towards this effort, the current review outlines the key aspects of the pathobiology associated with the morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, which includes a viral response phase and an exaggerated host response phase. The review also summarizes therapeutic agents that are currently being explored along with those with potential for consideration. The broad groups of therapeutic agents discussed include those that: (i) block viral entry to host cells, (ii) block viral replication and survival in host cells, and (iii) dampen exaggerated host immune response. The various kinds of pharmaceutical prophylactic options that may be followed to prevent COVID-19 have also been discussed."}, {"pmid": 32516844, "title": "Comment on Han et al: Analysis of heart injury laboratory parameters in 273 COVID-19 patients in one hospital in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Boyou", "Zhang, Jie", "Qian, Banglun", "Han, Wei", "Liu, Yukang", "Liu, Wenliang"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516844", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496743, "pmcid": "PMC7219838", "title": "Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Crisis: An Orthopaedic Perspective.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Anoushiravani, Afshin A", "O'Connor, Casey M", "DiCaprio, Matthew R", "Iorio, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496743", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380802, "title": "Cardiovascular system and COVID-19: perspectives from a developing country.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Kunal, Shekhar", "Gupta, Kashish", "Sharma, Shashi Mohan", "Pathak, Vijay", "Mittal, Shruti", "Tarke, Chandrakant"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380802", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, thought to have originated from bats causes COVID-19 infection which was first reported from Wuhan, China in December 2019. This virus has a high infectivity rate and has impacted a significant chunk of the population worldwide. The spectrum of disease ranges from mild to severe with respiratory system being the most commonly affected. Cardiovascular system often gets involved in later stages of the disease with acute cardiac injury, heart failure and arrhythmias being the common complications. In addition, the presence of cardiovascular co-morbidities such as hypertension, coronary artery disease in these patients are often associated with poor prognosis. It is still not clear regarding the exact mechanism explaining cardiovascular system involvement in COVID-19. Multiple theories have been put forward however, more robust studies are required to fully elucidate the \"heart and virus\" link. The disease has already made its presence felt on the global stage and its impact in the developing countries is going to be profound. These nations not only have a poorly developed healthcare system but there is also a huge burden of cardiovascular diseases. As a result, COVID-19 would adversely impact the already overburdened healthcare network leading to impaired cardiovascular care delivery especially for acute coronary syndrome and heart failure patients."}, {"pmid": 32445956, "pmcid": "PMC7239792", "title": "Review on the potential action mechanisms of Chinese medicines in treating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Huang, Yu-Feng", "Bai, Chen", "He, Fan", "Xie, Ying", "Zhou, Hua"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445956", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as a global pandemic, but specific medicines and vaccines are still being developed. In China, interventional therapies with traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 have achieved significant clinical efficacies, but the underlying pharmacological mechanisms are still unclear. This article reviewed the etiology of COVID-19 and clinical efficacy. Both network pharmacological study and literature search were used to demonstrate the possible action mechanisms of Chinese medicines in treating COVID-19. We found that Chinese medicines played the role of antivirus, anti-inflammation and immunoregulation, and target organs protection in the management of COVID-19 by multiple components acting on multiple targets at multiple pathways. AEC2 and 3CL protein could be the direct targets for inhibiting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, isorhamnetin, baicalein, naringenin, and wogonin could be the main active ingredients of Chinese medicines for the management of COVID-19 by targeting on AEC2 and 3CL protein and inhibiting inflammatory mediators, regulating immunity, and eliminating free radicals through COX-2, CASP3, IL-6, MAPK1, MAPK14, MAPK8, and REAL in the signaling pathways of IL-17, arachidonic acid, HIF-1, NF-\u03baB, Ras, and TNF. This study may provide meaningful and useful information on further research to investigate the action mechanisms of Chinese medicines against SARS-CoV-2 and also provide a basis for sharing the \"China scheme\" for COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32525367, "title": "Prolonged grief related to COVID-19 deaths: Do we have to fear a steep rise in traumatic and disenfranchised griefs?", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Kokou-Kpolou, Cyrille Kossigan", "Fernandez-Alcantara, Manuel", "Cenat, Jude Mary"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525367", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The circumstances of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-related deaths embed multiple traumatic characteristics, alongside several external factors that can disenfranchise individual grief. In this context, severe forms of traumatic distress, guilt, somatization, regret, anger, and unspecific symptoms not yet included in prolonged grief disorder (PGD) criteria could emerge. This article (a) analyzes factors related to bereavement in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; (b) proposes avenues for meaning-making practices to facilitate individual and collective mourning process; and (c) invites clinicians to pay attention to the traumatic characteristics of COVID-19-related deaths adopting a holistic approach of PGD clinical manifestations, as well as in evaluation and treatment of cases. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32328207, "pmcid": "PMC7177096", "title": "[Pre-e post-operative screening in limited-term elective oncological surgery patients during the COVID-19 pandemic period.]", "authors": ["Zizzo, M", "Bollino, R", "Annessi, V"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266753, "pmcid": "PMC7262402", "title": "Intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2: what we know so far.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Wang, C", "Zhou, Y-H", "Yang, H-X", "Poon, L C"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266753", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425222, "pmcid": "PMC7229964", "title": "[Repurposing chlorpromazine to treat COVID-19: the reCoVery study].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Plaze, Marion", "Attali, David", "Petit, Anne-Cecile", "Blatzer, Michael", "Simon-Loriere, Etienne", "Vinckier, Fabien", "Cachia, Arnaud", "Chretien, Fabrice", "Gaillard, Raphael"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425222", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused approximately 2,350,000 infections worldwide and killed more than 160,000 individuals. In Sainte Anne Hospital (GHU PARIS Psychiatrie & Neuroscience, Paris, France) we have observed a lower incidence of symptomatic forms of COVID-19 among patients than among our clinical staff. This observation led us to hypothesize that psychotropic drugs could have a prophylactic action against SARS-CoV-2 and protect patients from the symptomatic and virulent forms of this infection, since several of these psychotropic drugs have documented antiviral properties. Chlorpromazine (CPZ), a phenothiazine derivative, is also known for its antiviral activity via the inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Recent in vitro studies have reported that CPZ exhibits anti-MERS-CoV and anti-SARS-CoV-1 activity. In this context, the ReCoVery study aims to repurpose CPZ, a molecule with an excellent tolerance profile and a very high biodistribution in the saliva, lungs and brain. We hypothesize that CPZ could reduce the unfavorable course of COVID-19 infection among patients requiring respiratory support without the need for ICU care, and that it could also reduce the contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2. For this purpose, we plan a pilot, multicenter, randomized, single blind, controlled, phase III therapeutic trial (standard treatment vs. CPZ + standard treatment). This repurposing of CPZ for its anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity could offer an alternative, rapid strategy to alleviate infection severity. This repurposing strategy also avoids numerous developmental and experimental steps, and could save precious time to rapidly establish an anti-COVID-19 therapy with well-known, limited and easily managed side effects."}, {"pmid": 32354690, "pmcid": "PMC7183987", "title": "COVID 19 infection presenting as motor peripheral neuropathy.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Abdelnour, Loay", "Eltahir Abdalla, Mohammed", "Babiker, Saleem"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354690", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282949, "pmcid": "PMC7262337", "title": "Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Terpos, Evangelos", "Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioannis", "Elalamy, Ismail", "Kastritis, Efstathios", "Sergentanis, Theodoros N", "Politou, Marianna", "Psaltopoulou, Theodora", "Gerotziafas, Grigoris", "Dimopoulos, Meletios A"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282949", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a systemic infection with a significant impact on the hematopoietic system and hemostasis. Lymphopenia may be considered as a cardinal laboratory finding, with prognostic potential. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and peak platelet/lymphocyte ratio may also have prognostic value in determining severe cases. During the disease course, longitudinal evaluation of lymphocyte count dynamics and inflammatory indices, including LDH, CRP and IL-6 may help to identify cases with dismal prognosis and prompt intervention in order to improve outcomes. Biomarkers, such high serum procalcitonin and ferritin have also emerged as poor prognostic factors. Furthermore, blood hypercoagulability is common among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Elevated D-Dimer levels are consistently reported, whereas their gradual increase during disease course is particularly associated with disease worsening. Other coagulation abnormalities such as PT and aPTT prolongation, fibrin degradation products increase, with severe thrombocytopenia lead to life-threatening disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which necessitates continuous vigilance and prompt intervention. So, COVID-19 infected patients, whether hospitalized or ambulatory, are at high risk for venous thromboembolism, and an early and prolonged pharmacological thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin is highly recommended. Last but not least, the need for assuring blood donations during the pandemic is also highlighted."}, {"pmid": 32439785, "title": "COVID-19 spotlights medical diagnostics.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Jankowski, Maurycy", "Mozdziak, Paul", "Kempisty, Bartosz"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439785", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432665, "title": "Prioritizing Physician Mental Health as COVID-19 Marches On.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Abbasi, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432665", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247382, "pmcid": "PMC7271292", "title": "A planetary health perspective on COVID-19: a call for papers.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Brown, Alastair", "Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247382", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408267, "title": "A Global Digital Citizen Science Policy to Tackle Pandemics Like COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Katapally, Tarun R"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408267", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is an extremely complex existential threat that requires cohesive societal effort to address health system inefficiencies. When our society has faced existential crises in the past, we have banded together by using the technology at hand to overcome them. The COVID-19 pandemic is one such threat that requires not only a cohesive effort, but also enormous trust to follow public health guidelines, maintain social distance, and share necessities. However, are democratic societies with civil liberties capable of doing this? Mobile technology has immense potential for addressing pandemics like COVID-19, as it gives us access to big data in terms of volume, velocity, veracity, and variety. These data are particularly relevant to understand and mitigate the spread of pandemics such as COVID-19. In order for such intensive and potentially intrusive data collection measures to succeed, we need a cohesive societal effort with full buy-in from citizens and their representatives. This article outlines an evidence-based global digital citizen science policy that provides the theoretical and methodological foundation for ethically sourcing big data from citizens to tackle pandemics such as COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32416992, "pmcid": "PMC7251994", "title": "Reducing droplet spread during airway manipulation. Reply to Au Yong and colleagues (Br J Anaesth 2020, in press).", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lim, Wan Y", "Wong, Patrick", "Ong, Sharon G K"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416992", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362344, "pmcid": "PMC7183954", "title": "Association Between Clinical Manifestations and Prognosis in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Ther", "authors": ["Yu, Tao", "Cai, Shaohang", "Zheng, Zhidan", "Cai, Xuejuan", "Liu, Yuanyuan", "Yin, Sichun", "Peng, Jie", "Xu, Xuwen"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362344", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and clinical outcome among patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This was a cross-sectional multicenter clinical study. A total of 95 patients infected with COVID-19 were enrolled. The COVID-19 diagnostic standard was polymerase chain reaction detection of target genes of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic results, as well as treatment outcome data, were obtained. ARDS was defined as an oxygenation index (arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen) \u2264300\u00a0mm Hg. Multivariate analysis showed that older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.078; p\u00a0=\u00a00.008) and high body mass index (OR, 1.327; p\u00a0=\u00a00.024) were independent risk factors associated with patients with pneumonia. For patients with ARDS, multivariate analysis showed that only high systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.046; p\u00a0=\u00a00.025) and high lactate dehydrogenase level (OR, 1.010; p\u00a0=\u00a00.021) were independent risk factors associated with ARDS. A total of 70 patients underwent CT imaging repeatedly after treatment. Patients were divided in a disease exacerbation group (n\u00a0=\u00a019) and a disease relief group (n\u00a0=\u00a051). High body mass index (OR, 1.285; p\u00a0=\u00a00.017) and tobacco smoking (OR, 16.13; p\u00a0=\u00a00.032) were independent risk factors associated with disease exacerbation after treatment. These study results help in the risk stratification of patients with 2019-nCoV infection. Patients with risk factors should be given timely intervention to avoid disease progression."}, {"pmid": 32466654, "title": "Pedagogical foundations to online lectures in health professions education.", "journal": "Rural Remote Health", "authors": ["Seymour-Walsh, Amy E", "Weber, Anthony", "Bell, Andy"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466654", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Professional and tertiary health professions education (HPE) has been markedly challenged by the current novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Mandates for training organisations to reduce social contact during the global pandemic, and make learning available online, provide an opportunity for regional, rural and remote clinicians and students to more easily access learning and professional development opportunities. Online lectures, while posing an opportunity for regional, rural and remote HPE, entail potential risks. Educators who are familiar with face-to-face pedagogies may find a transition to remote, digital interaction unfamiliar, disarming, and therefore they may not design maximally engaging lectures. The strategies used in a face-to-face lecture cannot be directly transferred into the online environment. This article proposes strategies to ensure the ongoing effectiveness, efficiency and engagement of lectures transitioning from face-to-face to online delivery. Cognitive learning theory, strategies to promote learner engagement and minimise distraction, and examples of software affordances to support active learning during the lecture are proposed. This enables lecturers to navigate the challenges of lecturing in an online environment and plan fruitful online lectures during this disruptive time. These suggestions will therefore enable HPE to better meet the existing and future needs of regional, rural and remote learners who may not be able to easily access face-to-face learning upon the relaxation of social distancing measures. Strategies to provide equitable HPE to learners who cannot access plentiful, fast internet are also discussed."}, {"pmid": 32387230, "pmcid": "PMC7252082", "title": "When fear and misinformation go viral: Pharmacists' role in deterring medication misinformation during the 'infodemic' surrounding COVID-19.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Erku, Daniel A", "Belachew, Sewunet A", "Abrha, Solomon", "Sinnollareddy, Mahipal", "Thomas, Jackson", "Steadman, Kathryn J", "Tesfaye, Wubshet H"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world has faced an unprecedented challenge when coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged as a pandemic. Millions of people have contracted the virus and a significant number of them lost their lives, resulting in a tremendous social and economic shock across the globe. Amid the growing burden of the pandemic, there are parallel emergencies that need to be simultaneously tackled: the proliferation of fake medicines, fake news and medication misinformation surrounding COVID-19. Pharmacists are key health professionals with the required skills and training to contribute to the fight against these emergencies. Primarily, they can be a relevant source of accurate and reliable information to the public or other fellow health professionals thereby reducing the spread of COVID-19 medication misinformation. This can be achieved by providing accurate and reliable information based on recommendations given by relevant health authorities and professional associations to make sure the community understand the importance of the message and thus minimise the detrimental consequences of the pandemic. This commentary aims to summarise the existing literature in relation to the promising treatments currently under trial, the perils of falsified medications and medicine-related information and the role of pharmacists in taking a leading role in combating these parallel global emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32461511, "title": "Predicting intervention effect for COVID-19 in Japan: state space modeling approach.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Kobayashi, Genya", "Sugasawa, Shonosuke", "Tamae, Hiromasa", "Ozu, Takayuki"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461511", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Japan has observed a surge in the number of confirmed cases of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that has caused a serious impact on the society especially after the declaration of the state of emergency on April 7, 2020. This study analyzes the real time data from March 1 to April 22, 2020 by adopting a sophisticated statistical modeling based on the state space model combined with the well-known susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model. The model estimation and forecasting are conducted using the Bayesian methodology. The present study provides the parameter estimates of the unknown parameters that critically determine the epidemic process derived from the SIR model and prediction of the future transition of the infectious proportion including the size and timing of the epidemic peak with the prediction intervals that naturally accounts for the uncertainty. Even though the epidemic appears to be settling down during this intervention period, the prediction results under various scenarios using the data up to May 18 reveal that the temporary reduction in the infection rate would still result in a delayed the epidemic peak unless the long-term reproduction number is controlled."}, {"pmid": 32402061, "pmcid": "PMC7239232", "title": "Clinical Performance of Two SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Tang, Mei San", "Hock, Karl G", "Logsdon, Nicole M", "Hayes, Jennifer E", "Gronowski, Ann M", "Anderson, Neil W", "Farnsworth, Christopher W"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402061", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a rapid proliferation of serologic assays. However, little is known about their clinical performance. Here, we compared two commercial SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays. 103 specimens from 48 patients with PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and 153 control specimens were analyzed using SARS-CoV-2 serologic assays by Abbott and EUROIMMUN (EI). Duration from symptom onset was determined by medical record review. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and concordance were calculated. The Abbott SARS-CoV-2 assay had a diagnostic specificity of 99.4% (95% CI; 96.41-99.98%), and sensitivity of 0.0% (95% CI; 0.00-26.47%) at <3 days post symptom onset, 30.0% (95% CI; 11.89-54.28) at 3-7d, 47.8% (95% CI; 26.82-69.41) at 8-13d and 93.8% (95% CI; 82.80-98.69) at \u226514d. Diagnostic specificity on the EI assay was 94.8% (95% CI; 89.96-97.72) if borderline results were considered positive and 96.7% (95% CI; 92.54-98.93) if borderline results were considered negative. The diagnostic sensitivity was 0.0% (95% CI; 0.00-26.47%) at <3d, 25.0% (95% CI; 8.66-49.10) at 3-7d, 56.5% (95% CI; 34.49-76.81) at 3-7d and 85.4% (95% CI; 72.24-93.93) at \u226514d if borderline results were considered positive. The qualitative concordance between the assays was 0.83 (95% CI; 0.75-0.91). The Abbott SARS-CoV-2 assay had fewer false positive and false negative results than the EI assay. However, diagnostic sensitivity was poor in both assays during the first 14 days of symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32243814, "pmcid": "PMC7271129", "title": "Estimating case fatality rates of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kim, David Dongkyung", "Goel, Akash"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243814", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208010, "title": "CT Findings of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Severe Pneumonia.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Guan, Wanhua", "Liu, Jinxin", "Yu, Chengcheng"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208010", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327355, "pmcid": "PMC7146648", "title": "Managing college operations during the coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)", "authors": ["Tofade, Toyin", "Daftary, Monika N"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327355", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500329, "pmcid": "PMC7272134", "title": "Telemedicine and COVID-19: an Observational Study of Rapid Scale Up in a US Academic Medical System.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Peden, Carol J", "Mohan, Sirisha", "Pagan, Veronica"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329046, "title": "[EMCAM (Multiple Sclerosis Autonomous Community of Madrid) document for the management of patients with multiple sclerosis during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic].", "journal": "Rev Neurol", "authors": ["Costa-Frossard, L", "Moreno-Torres, I", "Meca-Lallana, V", "Garcia-Dominguez, J M", "En Representacion Del Grupo de Estudio de Enfermedades Desmielinizantes de la Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid, En Representacion Del Grupo de Estudio de Enfermedades Desmielinizantes de la Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329046", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is forcing neurologists to carry out a series of adaptations in the management of multiple sclerosis. Neurologists must weigh up the need to start or continue disease-modifying treatments against the risk of infection, the risk of complications from the infection, and the risk of multiple sclerosis activity. Since this is an unprecedented situation, most decisions are being made on the basis of a theoretical approach and the criteria of each neurologist. The aim of this study is conduct a literature search to collect available evidence on the relationship between disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection. This evidence, together with the experience of the authors in the management of patients with multiple sclerosis during the pandemic, will make it possible to offer some proposals for the treatment and follow-up of patients in this epidemiological context. After the literature search and our experience in the management of patients, a number of proposals for treatment are established for each drug, which must necessarily be individualised for each patient, since, in these exceptional circumstances, their peculiarities can affect the prognosis. The neurologist should be aware of current evidence to assess the risk-benefit of starting, maintaining and stopping disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32338787, "pmcid": "PMC7267430", "title": "Coronavirus, Ageism, and Twitter: An Evaluation of Tweets about Older Adults and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Jimenez-Sotomayor, Maria Renee", "Gomez-Moreno, Carolina", "Soto-Perez-de-Celis, Enrique"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338787", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. High morbidity and mortality rates of COVID-19 have been observed among older adults and widely reported in both mainstream and social media. The objective of this study was to analyze tweets related to COVID-19 and older adults, and to identify ageist content. We obtained a representative sample of original tweets containing the keywords \"elderly,\" \"older,\" and/or \"boomer\" plus the hashtags \"#COVID19\" and/or \"#coronavirus.\" Tweets posted between March 12 and March 21, 2020. We identified the type of user and number of followers for each account. Tweets were classified by three raters as (1) informative, (2) personal accounts, (3) personal opinions, (4) advice seeking, (5) jokes, and (6) miscellaneous. Potentially offensive content, as well as that downplaying the severity of COVID-19 because it mostly affects older adults, was identified. A total of 18,128 tweets were obtained, of which a random sample of 351 was analyzed. Most accounts (91.7%) belonged to individuals. The most common types of tweets were personal opinions (31.9%), followed by informative tweets (29.6%), jokes/ridicule (14.3%), and personal accounts (13.4%). Overall, 72 tweets (21.9%) likely intended to ridicule or offend someone and 21.1% had content implying that the life of older adults was less valuable or downplayed the relevance of COVID-19. Most tweets related to COVID-19 and older adults contained personal opinions, personal accounts, and jokes. Almost one-quarter of analyzed tweets had ageist or potentially offensive content toward older adults."}, {"pmid": 32203437, "pmcid": "PMC7094976", "title": "Insights from nanomedicine into chloroquine efficacy against COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Nanotechnol", "authors": ["Hu, Tony Y", "Frieman, Matthew", "Wolfram, Joy"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203437", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415971, "pmcid": "PMC7239165", "title": "Use of statins in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Kow, Chia Siang"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415971", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485652, "pmcid": "PMC7253975", "title": "Interaction of the prototypical alpha-ketoamide inhibitor with the SARS-CoV-2 main protease active site in silico: Molecular dynamic simulations highlight the stability of the ligand-protein complex.", "journal": "Comput Biol Chem", "authors": ["Liang, Julia", "Pitsillou, Eleni", "Karagiannis, Chris", "Darmawan, Kevion K", "Ng, Ken", "Hung, Andrew", "Karagiannis, Tom C"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485652", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes an illness known as COVID-19, which has been declared a global pandemic with over 2 million confirmed cases and 137,000 deaths in 185 countries and regions at the time of writing (16 April 2020), over a quarter of these cases being in the United States. In the absence of a vaccine, or an approved effective therapeutic, there is an intense interest in repositioning available drugs or designing small molecule antivirals. In this context, in silico modelling has proven to be an invaluable tool. An important target is the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), involved in processing translated viral proteins. Peptidomimetic \u03b1-ketoamides represent prototypical inhibitors of Mpro. A recent attempt at designing a compound with enhanced pharmacokinetic properties has resulted in the synthesis and evaluation of the \u03b1-ketoamide 13b analogue. Here, we performed molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to further characterize the interaction of \u03b1-ketoamide 13b with the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. We included the widely used antibiotic, amoxicillin, for comparison. Our findings indicate that \u03b1-ketoamide 13b binds more tightly (predicted GlideScore = -8.7 and -9.2\u202fkcal/mol for protomers A and B, respectively), to the protease active site compared to amoxicillin (-5.0 and -4.8\u202fkcal/mol). Further, molecular dynamics simulations highlight the stability of the interaction of the \u03b1-ketoamide 13b ligand with the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (\u0394G = -25.2 and -22.3\u202fkcal/mol for protomers A and B). In contrast, amoxicillin interacts unfavourably with the protease (\u0394G = +32.8\u202fkcal/mol for protomer A), with unbinding events observed in several independent simulations. Overall, our findings are consistent with those previously observed, and highlight the need to further explore the \u03b1-ketoamides as potential antivirals for this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32420938, "title": "What happens to people's lungs when they get coronavirus disease 2019?", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Frizzelli, Annalisa", "Tuttolomondo, Domenico", "Aiello, Marina", "Majori, Maria", "Bertorelli, Giuseppina", "Chetta, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420938", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in Wuhan in December 2019 as cause of the consequent novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus has since spread worldwide. The clinical presentation following human infection ranges from a mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. We reviewed literature using Pubmed to identify relevant English-language articles published until April 15, 2020. Search terms include novel coronavirus pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, coronavirus and ventilation. We summarized what SARS-CoV-2 infection means for the lungs."}, {"pmid": 32530738, "title": "Decrease in Hospital Admissions for Transient Ischemic Attack, Mild, and Moderate Stroke During the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Diegoli, Henrique", "Magalhaes, Pedro S C", "Martins, Sheila C O", "Moro, Carla H C", "Franca, Paulo H C", "Safanelli, Juliana", "Nagel, Vivian", "Venancio, Vanessa G", "Liberato, Rafaela B", "Longo, Alexandre L"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530738", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the onset of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, doctors and public authorities have demonstrated concern about the reduction in quality of care for other health conditions due to social restrictions and lack of resources. Using a population-based stroke registry, we investigated the impact of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in stroke admissions in Joinville, Brazil. Patients admitted after the onset of COVID-19 restrictions in the city (defined as March 17, 2020) were compared with those admitted in 2019. We analyzed differences between stroke incidence, types, severity, reperfusion therapies, and time from stroke onset to admission. Statistical tests were also performed to compare the 30 days before and after COVID-19 to the same period in 2019. We observed a decrease in total stroke admissions from an average of 12.9/100 000 per month in 2019 to 8.3 after COVID-19 (P=0.0029). When compared with the same period in 2019, there was a 36.4% reduction in stroke admissions. There was no difference in admissions for severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >8), intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The onset of COVID-19 was correlated with a reduction in admissions for transient, mild, and moderate strokes. Given the need to prevent the worsening of symptoms and the occurrence of medical complications in these groups, a reorganization of the stroke-care networks is necessary to reduce collateral damage caused by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32461564, "title": "Comment on: \"Controversies regarding mask usage in ophthalmic units in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic\".", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Panthagani, Jesse", "Rauz, Saaeha", "Murray, Philip I"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461564", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421499, "pmcid": "PMC7234687", "title": "Definitive Airway Management of Patients with a King Laryngeal Tube() in Place in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Sandefur, Benjamin J", "Driver, Brian E", "Brown, Calvin A 3rd", "Reardon, Robert F"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421499", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369605, "pmcid": "PMC7267368", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection anxieties and general population restrictions delay diagnosis and treatment of acute haematological malignancies.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Molica, Matteo", "Mazzone, Carla", "Cordone, Iole", "Pasquale, Alessia", "Niscola, Pasquale", "de Fabritiis, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369605", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327432, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors should be alert for signs of myocardial injury, says NICE.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327432", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324616, "pmcid": "PMC7253035", "title": "When Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Became Medicine-Life in the Time of Coronavirus Disease of 2019.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Balkaya, Ihsan Y", "Fernandez, Jose A", "Gerguis, Wessam", "Kaner, Mahmut T", "Lamagna, Matthew", "Lekshminarayanan, Anusha", "Meng, He", "Mohar, S M Monir", "Randev, Sonika", "Sanchez, Iliana", "Brahmbhatt, Sumankumar", "Islam, Mohammed", "Frankenthaler, Michael", "Diamond, Paul T", "Altschuler, Eric L"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324616", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320324, "title": "COVID-19 and Diabetic Foot: Will the Lamp Burn Bright?", "journal": "Int J Low Extrem Wounds", "authors": ["Papanas, Nikolaos", "Papachristou, Stella"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320324", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279450, "pmcid": "PMC7262130", "title": "Editorial: Facemasks and the Covid 19 pandemic: What advice should health professionals be giving the general public about the wearing of facemasks?", "journal": "Nurs Health Sci", "authors": ["Stone, Teresa E", "Kunaviktikul, Wipada", "Omura, Mieko", "Petrini, Marcia"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279450", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399557, "pmcid": "PMC7239097", "title": "Letter: Neurosurgery Residency in the COVID-19 Era: Experiences and Insights From Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Theofanis, Thana N", "Khanna, Omaditya", "Stefanelli, Anthony", "Al Saiegh, Fadi", "Farrell, Christopher", "Jabbour, Pascal", "Harrop, James S", "Rosenwasser, Robert H", "Sharan, Ashwini"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399557", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309528, "pmcid": "PMC7162628", "title": "Chest CT features and their role in COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Meng"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309528", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly throughout China. This article reviews the chest CT features of COVID-19 and analyzes the role of chest CT in this health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32314697, "pmcid": "PMC7253142", "title": "\"Global Health\": Time to Refocus while We still Have Time.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Bell, David", "Aronoff-Spencer, Eliah"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314697", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Two decades of growing resource availability from agencies and foundations in wealthy countries has transformed approaches to health in poorly resourced nations. This progress looks increasingly unstable as climate change, social unrest, and, now, disruptive pandemics present threats not only to health but also to the mechanisms that manage it, and to funding itself. The growth in \"global health\" schools, technology development laboratories, nongovernmental organizations and multilateral institutions in donor countries has delivered not only successes but also disappointment, and reflect a paradigm that is in many ways contrary to the principles of population-based ownership that they espouse. Although the COVID-19 crisis has underlined the importance of health access and health service capacity, we may have a limited window of opportunity in which to rethink the current model and improve both efficiency and effectiveness. With a dose of humility, we may all benefit from studying our own rhetoric on human-centered design and applying these principles across global health to ensure that our approach is effective, efficient, and defensible."}, {"pmid": 32423792, "pmcid": "PMC7228716", "title": "COVID-19: Leave politics out of practicing medicine.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Revasc Med", "authors": ["Waksman, Ron"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423792", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473642, "pmcid": "PMC7261036", "title": "Ivermectin, a new candidate therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob", "authors": ["Sharun, Khan", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Patel, Shailesh Kumar", "Pathak, Mamta", "Tiwari, Ruchi", "Singh, Bhoj Raj", "Sah, Ranjit", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Leblebicioglu, Hakan"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473642", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227793, "title": "Dealing with COVID-19: initial perspectives of a small radiology department.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Kok, Shawn Shi Xian", "Mohamed Shah, Mohammad Taufik Bin", "Cheong, Wei Kiong", "Cheng, Arthur Kim Chai", "Sng, Li Hoon", "Salkade, Parag Ratnakar", "Wong, Steven Bak Siew"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227793", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479766, "pmcid": "PMC7260539", "title": "Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic: suggestions on behalf of Woman Study Group of AMD.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Giuliani, C", "Li Volsi, P", "Brun, E", "Chiambretti, A", "Giandalia, A", "Tonutti, L", "Di Bartolo, P", "Napoli, A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479766", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-Cov2 infection has recently spread to Italy with important consequences on pregnancy management, mother and child health and mother-child contact. Breastfeeding improves the health of mother and child and reduces risk of neonatal infection with other pathogens that are likely to cause serious illness. To date no evidence confirmed COVID-19 vertical transmission from infected pregnant mother to their fetus. However it is well known that an infected mother can transmit the COVID-19 virus through respiratory droplets during breastfeeding or intimate contact. Thus, the mothers with known or suspected COVID-19 should adhere to standard and contact precautions during breastfeeding. Woman Study Group of AMD, after reviewing current knowledge about COVID-19 vertical transmission and the compatibility of breastfeeding in COVID-19 mother, the available recommendations from Health Care Organizations and main experts opinions, issued the following suggestions on breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic, addressed both to mothers with and without diabetes It should be considered that following suggestions may change in the future when more evidence is acquired regarding SARS-Cov2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32401611, "pmcid": "PMC7232879", "title": "The pulmonary-proteoliposome as a new therapeutic approach for Coronaviruses.", "journal": "Hum Vaccin Immunother", "authors": ["Feliciello, Isidoro", "Procino, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401611", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are proposing\u00c2\u00a0the use of pulmonary-proteoliposome as a new therapeutic approach for Coronaviruses. The designed strategy represents a potential treatment to reduce the overall viral load in the lungs and to help the immune system to successfully stave off the infection."}, {"pmid": 32380058, "pmcid": "PMC7198197", "title": "Safe Reintroduction of Cardiovascular Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance from North American Society Leadership.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Wood, David A", "Mahmud, Ehtisham", "Thourani, Vinod H", "Sathananthan, Janarthanan", "Virani, Alice", "Poppas, Athena", "Harrington, Robert", "Dearani, Joseph A", "Swaminathan, Madhav", "Russo, Andrea M", "Blankstein, Ron", "Dorbala, Sharmila", "Carr, James", "Virani, Sean", "Gin, Kenneth", "Packard, Alan", "Dilsizian, Vasken", "Legare, Jean-Francois", "Leipsic, Jonathon", "Webb, John G", "Krahn, Andrew D"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380058", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506390, "title": "Multifocal laminar cortical brain lesions: a consistent MRI finding in neuro-COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Anzalone, Nicoletta", "Castellano, Antonella", "Scotti, Roberta", "Scandroglio, Anna Mara", "Filippi, Massimo", "Ciceri, Fabio", "Tresoldi, Moreno", "Falini, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506390", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527466, "pmcid": "PMC7254012", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 as a protective factor for cardiovascular mortality?", "journal": "Atherosclerosis", "authors": ["Dutheil, Frederic", "Trousselard, Marion", "Navel, Valentin"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527466", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470199, "title": "Metformin use amid coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kow, Chia Siang", "Hasan, Syed Shahzad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470199", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451002, "pmcid": "PMC7243771", "title": "Implications of the current COVID-19 pandemic for communication in healthcare.", "journal": "Patient Educ Couns", "authors": ["Rubinelli, Sara", "Myers, Kara", "Rosenbaum, Marcy", "Davis, Denise"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451002", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496095, "title": "The role of the COVID-19 pandemic as a risk factor for suicide: What is its impact on the public mental health state today?", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Aquila, Isabella", "Sacco, Matteo Antonio", "Ricci, Cristoforo", "Gratteri, Santo", "Montebianco Abenavoli, Ludovico", "Oliva, Antonio", "Ricci, Pietrantonio"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496095", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The phenomenon of suicide is a much studied but still little-known issue. In this particular period of health emergency, quarantine and mandatory restrictions could play a role in the genesis of fatal events or suicide attempts not only in people at risk. However, this issue has not yet been adequately addressed in the literature. The influence of the global pandemic could change the way suicide cases are analyzed; in the future, it is necessary to reconsider and analyze the various risk groups by population but above all to evaluate new methods of intervention for avoiding the increase in fatal events related to the current emergency whose duration is still unknown. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32358579, "pmcid": "PMC7193760", "title": "Will helminth co-infection modulate COVID-19 severity in endemic regions?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Bradbury, Richard S", "Piedrafita, David", "Greenhill, Andrew", "Mahanty, Siddhartha"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358579", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417555, "pmcid": "PMC7207139", "title": "Early SARS-CoV-2 outbreak detection by sewage-based epidemiology.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Orive, Gorka", "Lertxundi, Unax", "Barcelo, Damia"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417555", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sewage can be used to determine the scale of COVID-19 outbreak. Sewage Epidemiology or Waste Based Epidemiology (WBE) approach has been successfully used to track and provide early warnings of outbreaks of pathogenic viruses such as Hepatitis A, Poliovirus and Norovirus. In untreated wastewater COVID-19 (excreted via faeces then introduced to wastewater) can survive from hours to days. Detection of COVID-19 can be carried out with nucleic acid-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, used for confirmation of COVID-19 patients around the globe. New cheaper and faster monitoring tools are being developed to detect Covid-19 in wastewater by biosensors, ELISA, or paper-based indicator methods. This will allow to reveal true scale of Covid-19 outbreak associated with population link to a specific wastewater treatment plant."}, {"pmid": 32513060, "title": "Pediatric, Family-Centered, \"At-Home\" Otologic Physical Examination in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Jayawardena, Asitha D L", "Mankarious, Leila A", "Keamy, Donald G Jr", "Cohen, Michael S"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513060", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus resulting in the present COVID-19 pandemic, has increased the otolaryngologist's reliance on telemedicine to manage outpatient pathology. The nature of telemedicine, however, limits a provider's ability to obtain a comprehensive physical examination, specifically of the tympanic membrane. Various smartphone-based otoscopic attachments are now available that facilitate patient-obtained otoscopic image capture of the tympanic membrane. Here, we present 3 cases in which a patient-purchased, over-the-counter otoscope was utilized to alter otologic management during the time of social distancing. Further research is necessary to improve our understanding the safety and efficacy of patient-based \"at-home\" otoscopic examination and to optimize the use of these devices."}, {"pmid": 32268042, "title": "Imaging of Covid-19; an Irish Perspective", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["Hickie, C", "McQuade, C", "Torreggiani, W C"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268042", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531777, "title": "Breath analysis for detection of viral infection, the current position of the field.", "journal": "J Breath Res", "authors": ["Gould, Oliver", "Ratcliffe, Norman", "Krol, Ewelina", "de Lacy Costello, Ben P J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531777", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of rapid, cost effective, accurate, and non-invasive testing for viral infections. Volatile compounds (VCs) have been suggested for several decades as fulfilling these criteria. However currently very little work has been done in trying to diagnose viral infections using VCs. Much of the work carried out to date involves the differentiation of bacterial and viral sources of infection and often the detection of bacterial and viral co-infection. However, this has usually been done in vitro and very little work has involved the use of human participants. Viruses hijack the host cell metabolism and do not produce their own metabolites so identifying virus specific VCs is at best a challenging task. However, there are proteins and lipids that are potential candidates as markers of viral infection. The current understanding is that host cell glycolysis is upregulated under viral infection to increase the available energy for viral replication. There is some evidence that viral infection leads to the increase of production of fatty acids, alkanes, and alkanes related products. For instance, 2,3-butandione, aldehydes, 2,8-dimethyl-undecane and n-propyl acetate have all been correlated with viral infection. Currently, the literature points to markers of oxidative stress (e.g. nitric oxide, aldehydes etc) being the most useful in the determination of viral infection. The issue, however, is that there are also many other conditions that can lead to oxidative stress markers being produced. In this review a range of (mainly mass spectrometric) methods are discussed for viral detection in breath, including breath condensate. Currently MALDI-ToF-MS is likely to be the preferred method for the identification of viral strains and variants of those strains, however it is limited by its need for the viral strains to have been sequenced and logged in a database."}, {"pmid": 32077933, "pmcid": "PMC7108487", "title": "Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and the Importance of Diagnostic Testing: Why Partnership between Clinical Laboratories, Public Health Agencies, and Industry Is Essential to Control the Outbreak.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Binnicker, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077933", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203367, "title": "Coronavirus vaccines: five key questions as trials begin.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203367", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428072, "title": "COVID-19: intensive care units, mechanical ventilators, and latent mortality profiles associated with case-fatality in Brazil.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Moreira, Rafael da Silveira"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428072", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the accelerated increase in the number of COVID-19 cases, countries must increase their supply of beds in intensive care units (ICUs). Respiratory diseases, neoplasms, cardiopathies and hypertension, and diabetes are associated with higher COVID-19 case-fatality. The study aimed to identify the regions of Brazil with higher specific mortality rates from these comorbidities and the regions with the greatest shortage of ICU beds and mechanical ventilators. A cross-sectional ecological study was performed in which the units of analysis were the country's Health Regions. Data were obtained from Brazilian Health Informatics Department - DATASUS (National Registry of Healthcare Establishments - 2019, Mortality Information Systems - 2017, and Population Projections - 2017). We calculated the disease group-specific mortality rates for hypertension, neoplasms, diabetes, cardiac diseases, respiratory diseases and the rates of total ICU beds, private ICU beds, ICU beds in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS), and ventilators in the SUS, per 100,000 inhabitants. The mortality profile was determined by latent profiles analysis, and the cluster analysis of ICU beds and ventilators used the spatial scan method. Kernel maps were constructed for the data's visualization. Level of significance was set at 5%. Four latent mortality profiles were observed. The Health Regions with the highest mean mortality rates were located in regions with shortages of ICU beds and ventilators, especially in parts of the Northeast, Southeast, and South of Brazil. The spatial localization of regions with both the highest mortality and shortages of ICU beds/ventilators requires attention by policymakers and public planners to deal efficiently and fairly with the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil."}, {"pmid": 32531217, "title": "Reply to \"Potential challenges in managing obstetric patients with COVID-19\".", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Yan, Jie", "Yang, Huixia"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531217", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502008, "title": "The effect of massage on the quality of life in patients recovering from COVID-19: A systematic review protocol.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Wu, Liu", "Dong, Yuting", "Li, Jin", "Huang, Ju", "Wen, Dengpeng", "Peng, Tao", "Luo, Jian"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502008", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a worldwide outbreak of covid-19, and as the number of patients increases, more and more patients are recovering. Massage is used as an alternative therapy. Currently, there are no relevant articles for systematic review. We will search the randomized controlled trials related to acupuncture therapy and postoperative anorectal diseases from inception to January 2020. The following database is our focus area: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Wan-Fang Database. All published randomized controlled trials in English or Chinese related to massage for COVID-19 will be included. Primary outcome asthe influence of massage on the quality of life of convalescent patients. Secondary outcomes were accompanying symptoms (such as myalgia, expectoration, stuffiness, runny nose, pharyngalgia, anhelation, chest distress, dyspnea, crackles, headache, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea) disappear rate, negative COVID-19 results rate on 2 consecutive occasions (not on the same day), average hospitalization time, clinical curative effect, and improved quality of life. The results will provide a high-quality synthesis of current evidence for researchers in this subject area. The conclusion of our study will provide evidence to judge whether massage is an effective intervention on the quality of life in patients recovering. CRD42020181398."}, {"pmid": 32520302, "title": "The Importance of Proper Death Certification During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Gill, James R", "DeJoseph, Maura E"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520302", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519892, "title": "Consideration of Pannexin 1 channels in COVID-19 pathology and treatment.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Swayne, Leigh Anne", "Johnstone, Scott R", "Ng, Chen Seng", "Sanchez-Arias, Juan C", "Good, Miranda E", "Penuela, Silvia", "Lohman, Alexander W", "Wolpe, Abigail G", "Laubach, Victor E", "Koval, Michael", "Isakson, Brant E"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519892", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pannexin1 (PANX1) is a ubiquitously expressed, channel-forming protein found in a number of tissues thoughout the body (e.g. lung, vasculature, liver, central nervous system, immune system) that is important in many key physiological and immune responses. PANX1 channels passively flux ATP (predominantly), multiple metabolites, and likely other small anions. PANX1 channels regulate inflammation and host responses to several pathogens, including viruses. While there is currently no evidence suggesting novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and PANX1 directly interact, there is an urgent need for therapeutic strategies, especially those targeting the hyper-inflammation and cytokine storm that occurs in severe cases of COVID-19. Here we argue that PANX1, and drugs known to target PANX1 (including the FDA-approved drug probenecid), should be the focus of further investigation in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its associated pathology in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32450607, "title": "Gastrointestinal: Bowel ischemia in a suspected coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patient.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Farina, D", "Rondi, P", "Botturi, E", "Renzulli, M", "Borghesi, A", "Guelfi, D", "Ravanelli, M"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450607", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352359, "title": "Coronavirus Disease-2019: Implication for the care and management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Sawalha, Amr H", "Manzi, Susan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352359", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic remitting-relapsing autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems. In this article we discuss aspects in the management of lupus patients that are particularly relevant during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We speculate that lupus patients might be more susceptible for a more severe COVID-19 disease course and emphasize the importance of maintaining remission in lupus patients. We discuss the critical role hydroxychloroquine plays in the management of lupus patients and suggest considering the psychosocial implications of the current pandemic on lupus care."}, {"pmid": 32510123, "title": "Letter to the Editor: The Role of a Geriatrician Has Become Even More Important in an Academic Institution during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Merchant, R A", "Chen, M Z", "Ng, S E", "Sandrasageran, S", "Wong, B L L"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510123", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401283, "title": "Low-Income Children and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the US.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Dooley, Danielle G", "Bandealy, Asad", "Tschudy, Megan M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401283", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437489, "title": "COVID-19: \"You're gonna need a bigger boat\".", "journal": "J Fam Pract", "authors": ["Rood, Mark N"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437489", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340555, "title": "COVID-19 Anosmia Reporting Tool: Initial Findings.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Kaye, Rachel", "Chang, C W David", "Kazahaya, Ken", "Brereton, Jean", "Denneny, James C 3rd"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340555", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is accumulating anecdotal evidence that anosmia and dysgeusia are associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. To investigate their relationship to SARS-CoV2 infection, the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery developed the COVID-19 Anosmia Reporting Tool for Clinicians for the basis of this pilot study. This tool allows health care providers to confidentially submit cases of anosmia and dysgeusia related to COVID-19. We analyzed the first 237 entries, which revealed that anosmia was noted in 73% of patients prior to COVID-19 diagnosis and was the initial symptom in 26.6%. Some improvement was noted in 27% of patients, with a mean time to improvement of 7.2 days in this group (85% of this group improved within 10 days). Our findings suggest that anomia can be a presenting symptom of COVID-19, consistent with other emerging international reports. Anosmia may be critical in timely identification of individuals infected with SARS-CoV2 who may be unwittingly transmitting the virus."}, {"pmid": 32353370, "pmcid": "PMC7184986", "title": "Letter: Gastrointestinal ACE2, COVID-19 and IBD - opportunity in the face of tragedy?", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Garg, Mayur", "Christensen, Britt", "Lubel, John S"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353370", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530413, "title": "Pulmonary Artery Embolism in COVID-19 Despite Thrombosis Prophylaxis.", "journal": "Dtsch Arztebl Int", "authors": ["Geerdes-Fenge, Hilte Friederike", "Reisinger, Emil Christian", "Arndt, Hanka"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530413", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32191259, "pmcid": "PMC7082763", "title": "Characteristics and Outcomes of 21 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in Washington State.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Arentz, Matt", "Yim, Eric", "Klaff, Lindy", "Lokhandwala, Sharukh", "Riedo, Francis X", "Chong, Maria", "Lee, Melissa"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191259", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32214083, "title": "COVID-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility - King County, Washington, February 27-March 9, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["McMichael, Temet M", "Clark, Shauna", "Pogosjans, Sargis", "Kay, Meagan", "Lewis, James", "Baer, Atar", "Kawakami, Vance", "Lukoff, Margaret D", "Ferro, Jessica", "Brostrom-Smith, Claire", "Riedo, Francis X", "Russell, Denny", "Hiatt, Brian", "Montgomery, Patricia", "Rao, Agam K", "Currie, Dustin W", "Chow, Eric J", "Tobolowsky, Farrell", "Bardossy, Ana C", "Oakley, Lisa P", "Jacobs, Jesica R", "Schwartz, Noah G", "Stone, Nimalie", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Jernigan, John A", "Honein, Margaret A", "Clark, Thomas A", "Duchin, Jeffrey S"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32214083", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On February 28, 2020, a case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was identified in a woman resident of a long-term care skilled nursing facility (facility A) in King County, Washington.* Epidemiologic investigation of facility A identified 129 cases of COVID-19 associated with facility A, including 81 of the residents, 34 staff members, and 14 visitors; 23 persons died. Limitations in effective infection control and prevention and staff members working in multiple facilities contributed to intra- and interfacility spread. COVID-19 can spread rapidly in long-term residential care facilities, and persons with chronic underlying medical conditions are at greater risk for COVID-19-associated severe disease and death. Long-term care facilities should take proactive steps to protect the health of residents and preserve the health care workforce by identifying and excluding potentially infected staff members and visitors, ensuring early recognition of potentially infected patients, and implementing appropriate infection control measures."}, {"pmid": 32362711, "pmcid": "PMC7190509", "title": "The 'Heart Kuznets Curve'? Understanding the relations between economic development and cardiac conditions.", "journal": "World Dev", "authors": ["Nagano, Hitoshi", "Puppim de Oliveira, Jose A", "Barros, Allan Kardec", "Costa Junior, Altair da Silva"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362711", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As countries turn wealthier, some health indicators, such as child mortality, seem to have well-defined trends. However, others, including cardiovascular conditions, do not follow clear linear patterns of change with economic development. Abnormal blood pressure is a serious health risk factor with consequences for population growth and longevity as well as public and private expenditure in health care and labor productivity. This also increases the risk of the population in certain pandemics, such as COVID-19. To determine the correlation of income and blood pressure, we analyzed time-series for the mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of men's population (mmHg) and nominal Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDPPC) for 136 countries from 1980 to 2008 using regression and statistical analysis by Pearson's correlation (r). Our study finds a trend similar to an inverted-U shaped curve, or a 'Heart Kuznets Curve'. There is a positive correlation (increase GDPPC, increase SBP) in low-income countries, and a negative correlation in high-income countries (increase GDPPC, decrease SBP). As country income rises people tend to change their diets and habits and have better access to health services and education, which affects blood pressure. However, the latter two may not offset the rise in blood pressure until countries reach a certain income. Investing early in health education and preventive health care could avoid the sharp increase in blood pressure as countries develop, and therefore, avoiding the 'Heart Kuznets Curve' and its economic and human impacts."}, {"pmid": 32429675, "pmcid": "PMC7240312", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Public Health and Epidemiology.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Binns, Colin", "Low, Wah Yun", "Kyung, Lee Mi"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427104, "title": "Modeling COVID-19 latent prevalence to assess a public health intervention at a state and regional scale.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Turk, Philip J", "Chou, Shih-Hsiung", "Kowalkowski, Marc A", "Palmer, Pooja P", "Priem, Jennifer S", "Spencer, Melanie D", "Taylor, Yhenneko J", "McWilliams, Andrew D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427104", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergence of COVID-19 caught the world off-guard and unprepared, initiating a global pandemic. In the absence of evidence, individual communities had to take timely action to reduce the rate of disease spread and avoid overburdening their healthcare systems. Although a few predictive models have been published to guide these decisions, most have not taken into account spatial differences and have included assumptions that do not match the local realities. Access to reliable information that is adapted to local context is critical for policymakers to make informed decisions during a rapidly evolving pandemic. The goal of this study was to develop an adapted susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model to predict the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina (NC) and the Charlotte metropolitan region and to incorporate the effect of a public health intervention to reduce disease spread, while accounting for unique regional features and imperfect detection. Using the software package R, three SIR models were fit to infection prevalence data from the state and the greater Charlotte region and then rigorously compared. One of these models (SIR-Int) accounted for a stay-at-home intervention and imperfect detection of COVID-19 cases. We computed longitudinal total estimates of the susceptible, infected, and removed compartments of both populations, along with other pandemic characteristics (e.g., basic reproduction number). Prior to March 26, disease spread was rapid at the pandemic onset with the Charlotte region doubling time of 2.56 days (95% CI: (2.11, 3.25)) and in NC 2.94 days (95% CI: (2.33, 4.00)). Subsequently, disease spread significantly slowed with doubling times increased in the Charlotte region to 4.70 days (95% CI: (3.77, 6.22)) and in NC to 4.01 days (95% CI: (3.43, 4.83)). Reflecting spatial differences, this deceleration favored the greater Charlotte region compared to NC as a whole. A comparison of the efficacy of intervention, defined as 1 - the hazard ratio of infection, gave 0.25 for NC and 0.43 for the Charlotte region. Also, early in the pandemic, the initial basic SIR model had good fit to the data; however, as the pandemic and local conditions evolved, the SIR-Int model emerged as the model with better fit. Using local data and continuous attention to model adaptation, our findings have enabled policymakers, public health officials and health systems to proactively plan capacity and evaluate the impact of a public health intervention. Our SIR-Int model for estimated latent prevalence was reasonably flexible, highly accurate, and demonstrated the efficacy of a stay-at-home order at both the state and regional level. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating local context into pandemic forecast modeling, as well as the need to remain vigilant and informed by the data as we enter into a critical period of the outbreak. "}, {"pmid": 32407128, "title": "Monitoring Returning Travelers During the Early Weeks of the COVID-19 Pandemic: One US County's Experience.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Shumway, Brandon", "Ibrahim, Diana", "Moss, Wesley"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407128", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328234, "pmcid": "PMC7163230", "title": "Does the direct renin inhibitor have a role to play in attenuating severity of the outbreak coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)?", "journal": "Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Lin, Cheng-Wei", "Huang, Yu-Yao"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328234", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315203, "title": "Lessons learned from COVID-19 epidemic in Iran: The role of medical education.", "journal": "Med Teach", "authors": ["Tabari, Parinaz", "Amini, Mitra", "Moosavi, Mahsa"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315203", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32230900, "pmcid": "PMC7232198", "title": "Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Jin, Yuefei", "Yang, Haiyan", "Ji, Wangquan", "Wu, Weidong", "Chen, Shuaiyin", "Zhang, Weiguo", "Duan, Guangcai"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32230900", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in China has been brought to global attention and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Scientific advancements since the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002~2003 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012 have accelerated our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and the development of therapeutics to treat viral infection. As no specific therapeutics and vaccines are available for disease control, the epidemic of COVID-19 is posing a great threat for global public health. To provide a comprehensive summary to public health authorities and potential readers worldwide, we detail the present understanding of COVID-19 and introduce the current state of development of measures in this review."}, {"pmid": 32466990, "pmcid": "PMC7205735", "title": "Consensus document of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC), the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) and the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR) on tracheotomy in patients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Martin Delgado, M C", "Aviles-Jurado, F X", "Alvarez Escudero, J", "Aldecoa Alvarez-Santuyano, C", "de Haro Lopez, C", "Diaz de Cerio Canduela, P", "Ferrandis Pereperez, E", "Ferrando Ortola, C", "Ferrer Roca, R", "Hernandez Tejedor, A", "Lopez Alvarez, F", "Monedero Rodriguez, P", "Ortiz Suner, A", "Parente Arias, P", "Planas Roca, A", "Plaza Mayor, G", "Rascado Sedes, P", "Sistiaga Suarez, J A", "Vera Ching, C", "Villalonga Vadell, R", "Bernal-Sprekelsen, M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466990", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has rendered up to 15% of patients under mechanical ventilation. Because the subsequent tracheotomy is a frequent procedure, the three societies mostly involved (SEMICYUC, SEDAR and SEORL-CCC) have setup a consensus paper that offers an overview about indications and contraindications of tracheotomy, be it by puncture or open, clarifying its respective advantages and enumerating the ideal conditions under which they should be performed, as well as the necessary steps. Regular and emergency situations are displayed together with the postoperative measures."}, {"pmid": 32330276, "title": "Caution Needed on the Use of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Fihn, Stephan D", "Perencevich, Eli", "Bradley, Steven M"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330276", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358099, "title": "Covid-19 ray of hope as vets lend a hand.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358099", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32173855, "pmcid": "PMC7161908", "title": "Care of haematology patients in a COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Willan, John", "King, Andrew J", "Hayes, Sandy", "Collins, Graham P", "Peniket, Andrew"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173855", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286913, "title": "Otolaryngology Providers Must Be Alert for Patients with Mild and Asymptomatic COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Cheng, Xiaoting", "Liu, Jialin", "Li, Ning", "Nisenbaum, Eric", "Sun, Qing", "Chen, Bing", "Casiano, Roy", "Weed, Donald", "Telischi, Fred", "Denneny, James C 3rd", "Liu, Xuezhong", "Shu, Yilai"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286913", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "More than half of COVID-19 patients are afebrile early in the disease course, yet mildly ill or asymptomatic patients can still spread SARS-CoV-2 with high efficiency. Atypically presenting patients may be seen in noninfectious disease settings such as otolaryngology, which is a specialty prone to occupational exposure. Otolaryngologists have been infected with COVID-19 at higher rates than other specialties in China and other countries. Otolaryngology providers should maintain high clinical suspicion for mild and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Protective strategies should be implemented including preappointment screening, triaging, restriction of nonurgent visits and surgeries, telemedicine, and appropriate personal protective equipment use."}, {"pmid": 32412403, "pmcid": "PMC7256213", "title": "COVID-19 and ophthalmology: an underappreciated occupational hazard.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Kuo, Irene C", "O'Brien, Terrence P"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412403", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The proximity required of a thorough biomicroscopic slit-lamp examination may put ophthalmologists at increased risk for respiratory-borne infection with SARS-CoV-2. Conjunctivitis has been described in a few patients with COVID-19 and other coronavirus syndromes. Although SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in the conjunctival secretions or tears of patients with COVID-19 and conjunctivitis, transmission of infection through respiratory droplets to ophthalmologists without eye protection or masks may be the bigger concern."}, {"pmid": 32290901, "pmcid": "PMC7160441", "title": "Excess cases of influenza-like illnesses synchronous with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic, France, March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Boelle, Pierre-Yves", "Souty, Cecile", "Launay, Titouan", "Guerrisi, Caroline", "Turbelin, Clement", "Behillil, Sylvie", "Enouf, Vincent", "Poletto, Chiara", "Lina, Bruno", "van der Werf, Sylvie", "Levy-Bruhl, Daniel", "Colizza, Vittoria", "Hanslik, Thomas", "Blanchon, Thierry"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290901", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several French regions where coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been reported currently show a renewed increase in ILI cases in the general practice-based Sentinelles network. We computed the number of excess cases by region from 24 February to 8 March 2020 and found a correlation with the number of reported COVID-19 cases so far. The data suggest larger circulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the French population than apparent from confirmed cases."}, {"pmid": 32376580, "pmcid": "PMC7167307", "title": "[Psychological status and sleep quality of nursing interns during the outbreak of COVID-19].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Sheng, Xiaoyan", "Liu, Fenyu", "Zhou, Jin", "Liao, Rongrong"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376580", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the psychological status and sleep quality of nursing interns in collective isolation during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and provide evidence for adequate interventions. We surveyed a total of 95 nursing interns who were isolated collectively in a general teaching hospital in Guangzhou using a self-designed questionnaire, which consisted of a basic information form, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Descriptive analysis, single factor analysis and correlation analysis were used to analyze the current status of the interns' psychology and sleep quality, the potential factors affecting their psychology and sleep quality, and the correlation between their psychological status and sleep quality. The surveyed interns had SAS, SDS and PSQI score of 37.79\u00b16.59, 43.98\u00b19.74 and 5.20\u00b13.14, respectively, which were significant higher than the national norms in China (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that both anxiety and depression were positively correlated with the sleep quality score (r=0.508 and 0.546, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that the major factors affecting the psychological status and sleep quality of the interns during collective isolation included recent contact with persons from the affected area before isolation and the onset of fever during the isolation. These interns showed relatively high levels of anxiety and depression during the collective isolation to affect their sleep quality, and interventions should be timely administered to improve their mental health and sleep quality."}, {"pmid": 32467443, "pmcid": "PMC7255402", "title": "Coagulopathy of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Iba, Toshiaki", "Levy, Jerrold H", "Levi, Marcel", "Connors, Jean Marie", "Thachil, Jecko"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467443", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent studies have reported a high prevalence of thrombotic events in coronavirus disease 2019. However, the significance of thromboembolic complications has not been widely appreciated. The purpose of this review is to provide current knowledge of this serious problem. Narrative review. Online search of published medical literature through PubMed using the term \"COVID-19,\" \"SARS,\" \"acute respiratory distress syndrome,\" \"coronavirus,\" \"coagulopathy,\" \"thrombus,\" and \"anticoagulants.\" Articles were chosen for inclusion based on their relevance to coagulopathy and thrombosis in coronavirus disease 2019, and anticoagulant therapy. Reference lists were reviewed to identify additional relevant articles. Coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with a strikingly high prevalence of coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism that may contribute to respiratory deterioration. Monitoring coagulation variables is important, as abnormal coagulation tests are related to adverse outcomes and may necessitate adjuvant antithrombotic interventions. In the initial phase of the infection, D-dimer and fibrinogen levels are increased, while activated partial prothrombin time, prothrombin time, and platelet counts are often relatively normal. Increased D-dimer levels three times the upper limit of normal may trigger screening for venous thromboembolism. In all hospitalized patients, thromboprophylaxis using low-molecular-weight heparin is currently recommended. The etiology of the procoagulant responses is complex and thought to be a result of specific interactions between host defense mechanisms and the coagulation system. Although the coagulopathy is reminiscent of disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombotic microangiopathy, it has features that are markedly distinct from these entities. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2/coronavirus disease 2019 frequently induces hypercoagulability with both microangiopathy and local thrombus formation, and a systemic coagulation defect that leads to large vessel thrombosis and major thromboembolic complications, including pulmonary embolism in critically ill hospitalized patients. D-dimers and fibrinogen levels should be monitored, and all hospitalized patients should undergo thromboembolism prophylaxis with an increase in therapeutic anticoagulation in certain clinical situations."}, {"pmid": 32420011, "pmcid": "PMC7224640", "title": "Knowledge regarding COVID-19 pandemic in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS): A report from Iran.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Sahraian, Mohammad Ali", "Gheini, Mohammad Reza", "Rezaeimanesh, Nasim", "Ghajarzadeh, Mahsa", "Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420011", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292866, "pmcid": "PMC7128395", "title": "Management Of Patients On Dialysis And With Kidney Transplant During SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic In Brescia, Italy.", "journal": "Kidney Int Rep", "authors": ["Alberici, Federico", "Delbarba, Elisa", "Manenti, Chiara", "Econimo, Laura", "Valerio, Francesca", "Pola, Alessandra", "Maffei, Camilla", "Possenti, Stefano", "Piva, Simone", "Latronico, Nicola", "Foca, Emanuele", "Castelli, Francesco", "Gaggia, Paola", "Movilli, Ezio", "Bove, Sergio", "Malberti, Fabio", "Farina, Marco", "Bracchi, Martina", "Costantino, Ester Maria", "Bossini, Nicola", "Gaggiotti, Mario", "Scolari, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292866", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a major pandemic challenging health care systems around the world. The optimal management of COVID-19 infected patients is still unclear, although the consensus is moving towards the need of a biphasic approach. During the first phase of the disease (from onset of the symptoms up to 7-10 days) viral-induced effects are prominent with the opportunity to institute antiviral therapy. In the second inflammatory phase of the disease, immunosuppressive strategies (for example with glucocorticoids or anti-cytokines drugs)may be considered. This latter stage is characterized by the development of progressive lung involvement with increasing oxygen requirements and occasionally signs of the haemophagocitic syndrome. The management of the disease in patients with kidney disease is even more challenging, especially in those who are immunosuppressed or with severe comorbidities. Here we present the therapeutic approach employed in Brescia (Italy) for managing kidney transplant and hemodialysis patients with COVID-19. Furthermore, we provide some clinical and physiopathological background, as well as preliminary outcome data of our cohort, in order to better clarify the pathogenesis of the disease and clinical management."}, {"pmid": 32478711, "title": "COVID-19 Case Detection: Cuba's Active Screening Approach.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Gorry, Conner"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478711", "countries": ["China", "Cuba"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Meningitis, neuropathy, HIV, dengue-since the 1960s, Cuba has faced its share of epidemics. More recently, Cuban health pro-fessionals tackled domestic outbreaks of H1N1 (2009) and Zika (2016), and worked alongside colleagues from around the world to stem Ebola in West Africa; all three were categorized by WHO as public health emergencies of international concern. In December 2019, China reported its fi rst cluster of pneumo-nia cases, later identifi ed as the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19. In January 2020, Cuban authorities convened a multi-sector working group coordinated by the Ministry of Pub-lic Health (MINSAP) and Civil Defense to tailor its national epi-demic control plan to confront the rapidly-spreading disease. The plan features a national reporting system and database, with standard protocols including early case detection, contact tracing and regularly-scheduled public health messaging. In late January, no fewer than six ministries, plus the National Sports and Recreation Institute, Customs, Immigration and national media outlets, came together to adapt domestic proto-cols and design multi-phase control and response mechanisms to combat the SARS-CoV-2 virus."}, {"pmid": 32286020, "title": "The Coronavirus Pandemic in Israel: Implications for Radiation Oncology Departments.", "journal": "Isr Med Assoc J", "authors": ["Appel, Sarit", "Kaidar-Person, Orit", "Lawrence, Yaacov Richard", "Ben-Ayun, Maoz", "Katzman, Tamar", "Bar, Jair", "Mansano, Anat", "Symon, Zvi"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286020", "countries": ["Israel"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303798, "pmcid": "PMC7164519", "title": "European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) recommendations for trauma and emergency surgery preparation during times of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Coimbra, Raul", "Edwards, Sara", "Kurihara, Hayato", "Bass, Gary Alan", "Balogh, Zsolt J", "Tilsed, Jonathan", "Faccincani, Roberto", "Carlucci, Michele", "Martinez Casas, Isidro", "Gaarder, Christine", "Tabuenca, Arnold", "Coimbra, Bruno C", "Marzi, Ingo"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303798", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A series of recommendations regarding hospital perioperative preparation for the COVID-19 pandemic were compiled to inform surgeons worldwide on how to provide emergency surgery and trauma care during enduring times.The recommendations are divided into eight domains: (1) General recommendation for surgical services; (2) Emergency Surgery for critically ill COVID-19 positive or suspected patients -Preoperative planning and case selection; (3) Operating Room setup; (4) patient transport to the OR; (5) Surgical staff preparation; (6) Anesthesia considerations; (7) Surgical approach; and (8) Case Completion.The European Society of Emergency Surgery board endorsed these recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32412909, "pmcid": "PMC7252197", "title": "Mitigating the Effects of a Pandemic: Facilitating Improved Nursing Home Care Delivery Through Technology.", "journal": "JMIR Aging", "authors": ["Edelman, Linda S", "McConnell, Eleanor S", "Kennerly, Susan M", "Alderden, Jenny", "Horn, Susan D", "Yap, Tracey L"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412909", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been particularly challenging for nursing home staff and residents. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services regulation waivers are burdening staff and affecting how care is delivered. Residents are experiencing social isolation, which can result in physical and behavioral health issues, particularly for persons with dementia. These challenges can be addressed in part through technology adaptations. Full integration of electronic health record systems can improve workflow and care quality. Telehealth can improve access to outside providers, provide remote monitoring, and improve social connectedness. Electronic and audiovisual programs can be used for end-of-life planning and information sharing between nursing home staff and families. Online learning systems and other online resources provide flexible options for staff education and training. Investing in and adapting technology can help mitigate workforce stress and improve the quality of nursing home care during and after the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32294321, "pmcid": "PMC7262403", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on therapeutic choices in thrombosis-hemostasis.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Hermans, Cedric", "Lambert, Catherine"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294321", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226287, "pmcid": "PMC7098032", "title": "Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in clinical specimens and clinical characteristics of 10 patients with COVID-19 in Macau.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Lo, Iek Long", "Lio, Chon Fu", "Cheong, Hou Hon", "Lei, Chin Ion", "Cheong, Tak Hong", "Zhong, Xu", "Tian, Yakun", "Sin, Nin Ngan"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226287", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a city famous for tourism, the public healthcare system of Macau SAR has been under great pressure during the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we report clinical and microbiological features of ten COVID-19 patients enrolled in the Centro Hospitalar Conde de S\u00e3o Janu\u00e1rio (CHCSJ) between January 21 to February 16, 2020. Clinical samples from all patients including nasopharyngeal swab (NPS)/sputum, urine, and feces were collected for serial virus RNA testing by standard qRT-PCR assay. In total, seven were imported cases and three were local cases. The median duration from Macau arrival to admission in imported cases was 3 days. Four patients required oxygen therapy but none of them needed machinal ventilation. No fatal cases were noted. The most common symptoms were fever (80%) and diarrhea (80%). In the \"Severe\" group, there was significantly more elderly patients (p=0.045), higher lactate dehydrogenase levels (p=0.002), and elevated C-Reactive protein levels compared to the \"Mild to Moderate\" group (p<0.001). There were positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA signals in all patients' NPS and stool specimens but negative in all urine specimens. Based on our data on SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in stool and the possibility of a lag in viral detection in NPS specimens, the assessment of both fecal and respiratory specimen is recommended to enhance diagnostic sensitivity, and also to aid discharge decision before the role of viral RNA shedding in stool is clarified."}, {"pmid": 32306853, "title": "Development of a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification as a rapid early-detection method for novel SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Baek, Yun Hee", "Um, Jihye", "Antigua, Khristine Joy C", "Park, Ji-Hyun", "Kim, Yeonjae", "Oh, Sol", "Kim, Young-Il", "Choi, Won-Suk", "Kim, Seong Gyu", "Jeong, Ju Hwan", "Chin, Bum Sik", "Nicolas, Halcyon Dawn G", "Ahn, Ji-Young", "Shin, Kyeong Seob", "Choi, Young Ki", "Park, Jun-Sun", "Song, Min-Suk"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306853", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The previous outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have led researchers to study the role of diagnostics in impediment of further spread and transmission. With the recent emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2, the availability of rapid, sensitive, and reliable diagnostic methods is essential for disease control. Hence, we have developed a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for the specific detection of SARS-CoV-2. The primer sets for RT-LAMP assay were designed to target the nucleocapsid gene of the viral RNA, and displayed a detection limit of 102 RNA copies close to that of qRT-PCR. Notably, the assay has exhibited a rapid detection span of 30\u2005min combined with the colorimetric visualization. This test can detect specifically viral RNAs of the SARS-CoV-2 with no cross-reactivity to related coronaviruses, such as HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and MERS-CoV as well as human infectious influenza viruses (type B, H1N1pdm, H3N2, H5N1, H5N6, H5N8, and H7N9), and other respiratory disease-causing viruses (RSVA, RSVB, ADV, PIV, MPV, and HRV). Furthermore, the developed RT-LAMP assay has been evaluated using specimens collected from COVID-19 patients that exhibited high agreement to the qRT-PCR. Our RT-LAMP assay is simple to perform, less expensive, time-efficient, and can be used in clinical laboratories for preliminary detection of SARS-CoV-2 in suspected patients. In addition to the high sensitivity and specificity, this isothermal amplification conjugated with a single-tube colorimetric detection method may contribute to the public health responses and disease control, especially in the areas with limited laboratory capacities."}, {"pmid": 32484419, "title": "Chest Radiograph Features Predict a Favorable Outcome in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Cellina, Michaela", "Panzeri, Marta", "Oliva, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484419", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348743, "pmcid": "PMC7194835", "title": "Screening all pregnant women admitted to labor and delivery for the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Vintzileos, William S", "Muscat, Jolene", "Hoffmann, Eva", "John, Nicole S", "Vertichio, Rosanne", "Vintzileos, Anthony M", "Vo, Duc"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348743", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434728, "pmcid": "PMC7205687", "title": "A Stroke Care Model at an Academic, Comprehensive Stroke Center During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis", "authors": ["Meyer, Dawn", "Meyer, Brett C", "Rapp, Karen S", "Modir, Royya", "Agrawal, Kunal", "Hailey, Lovella", "Mortin, Melissa", "Lane, Richard", "Ranasinghe, Tamra", "Sorace, Brian", "von Kleist, Tara D", "Perrinez, Emily", "Nabulsi, Mohammed", "Hemmen, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434728", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has required the adaptation of hyperacute stroke care (including stroke code pathways) and hospital stroke management. There remains a need to provide rapid and comprehensive assessment to acute stroke patients while reducing the risk of COVID-19 exposure, protecting healthcare providers, and preserving personal protective equipment (PPE) supplies. While the COVID infection is typically not a primary cerebrovascular condition, the downstream effects of this pandemic force adjustments to stroke care pathways to maintain optimal stroke patient outcomes. The University of California San Diego (UCSD) Health System encompasses two academic, Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSCs). The UCSD Stroke Center reviewed the national COVID-19 crisis and implications on stroke care. All current resources for stroke care were identified and adapted to include COVID-19 screening. The adjusted model focused on comprehensive and rapid acute stroke treatment, reduction of exposure to the healthcare team, and preservation of PPE. The adjusted pathways implement telestroke assessments as a specific option for all inpatient and outpatient encounters and accounts for when telemedicine systems are not available or functional. COVID screening is done on all stroke patients. We outline a model of hyperacute stroke evaluation in an adapted stroke code protocol and novel methods of stroke patient management. The overall goal of the model is to preserve patient access and outcomes while decreasing potential COVID-19 exposure to patients and healthcare providers. This model also serves to reduce the use of vital PPE. It is critical that stroke providers share best practices via academic and vetted social media platforms for rapid dissemination of tools and care models during the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32344190, "pmcid": "PMC7195066", "title": "Debate on Drugs That May Aggravate COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Giavina-Bianchi, Pedro", "Aun, Marcelo Vivolo", "Agondi, Rosana Camara", "Kalil, Jorge"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344190", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363339, "pmcid": "PMC7194106", "title": "I May Not Have Symptoms, but COVID-19 Is a Huge Headache.", "journal": "Matter", "authors": ["Cranford, Steven W"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363339", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented surprise, to say the least. Academia is rooted in group assemblies - from classroom to conferences - which were promptly cancelled and/or shifted to remote efforts. Here are some perspectives from Professors involved."}, {"pmid": 32416534, "pmcid": "PMC7215150", "title": "Impact of building ventilation systems and habitual indoor incense burning on SARS-CoV-2 virus transmissions in Middle Eastern countries.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Amoatey, Patrick", "Omidvarborna, Hamid", "Baawain, Mahad Said", "Al-Mamun, Abdullah"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416534", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Majority of countries across the globe have employed improving building ventilation, quarantine, social distancing, and disinfections as a general measure of preventing SARS-CoV-2 virus transmissions. However, arid Middle Eastern countries with hot climate (elevated outdoor temperature and humidity levels) are experiencing a different situation. Unfortunately, these harsh ambient climatic conditions in Middle Eastern countries make it impossible for most buildings to utilize natural/mechanical ventilation systems. Besides, indoor air temperatures of most buildings are very low due to overconsumption of air conditioning, thereby, it can be a potential factor of virus spread in most residential homes and public buildings. Most importantly, habitual indoor burning of incense which is the major source of coarse (PM10; aerodynamic diameter <10\u00a0\u03bcm) and fine (PM2.5; aerodynamic diameter <2.5\u00a0\u03bcm) particulate matters (PM) could facilitate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus droplets and particles in indoor environments. In fact, it increases the spread of the virus via inhalation in these countries, especially where the wearing of masks is not regulated in public, commercial and residential buildings. It is therefore highly recommended for the relevant public health agencies to critically assess the role of poor indoor environmental conditions including the burning of incense on virus transmissions, which may help to develop control measures for the future viral outbreak effectively."}, {"pmid": 32264957, "pmcid": "PMC7137400", "title": "Fighting against the common enemy of COVID-19: a practice of building a community with a shared future for mankind.", "journal": "Infect Dis Poverty", "authors": ["Qian, Xu", "Ren, Ran", "Wang, Youfa", "Guo, Yan", "Fang, Jing", "Wu, Zhong-Dao", "Liu, Pei-Long", "Han, Tie-Ru"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264957", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than 80\u2009813 confirmed cases in all provinces of China, and 21\u2009110 cases reported in 93 countries of six continents as of 7 March 2020 since middle December 2019. Due to biological nature of the novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with faster spreading and unknown transmission pattern, it makes us in a difficulty position to contain the disease transmission globally. To date, we have found it is one of the greatest challenges to human beings in fighting against COVID-19 in the history, because SARS-CoV-2 is different from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in terms of biological features and transmissibility, and also found the containment strategies including the non-pharmaceutical public health measures implemented in China are effective and successful. In order to prevent a potential pandemic-level outbreak of COVID-19, we, as a community of shared future for mankind, recommend for all international leaders to support preparedness in low and middle income countries especially, take strong global interventions by using old approaches or new tools, mobilize global resources to equip hospital facilities and supplies to protect noisome infections and to provide personal protective tools such as facemask to general population, and quickly initiate research projects on drug and vaccine development. We also recommend for the international community to develop better coordination, cooperation, and strong solidarity in the joint efforts of fighting against COVID-19 spreading recommended by the joint mission report of the WHO-China experts, against violating the International Health Regulation (WHO, 2005), and against stigmatization, in order to eventually win the battle against our common enemy - COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32313846, "pmcid": "PMC7166020", "title": "Fear in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Sindhu, Kunal K", "Gupta, Vishal"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313846", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32165541, "pmcid": "PMC7132130", "title": "Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-expressing cells.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Matsuyama, Shutoku", "Nao, Naganori", "Shirato, Kazuya", "Kawase, Miyuki", "Saito, Shinji", "Takayama, Ikuyo", "Nagata, Noriyo", "Sekizuka, Tsuyoshi", "Katoh, Hiroshi", "Kato, Fumihiro", "Sakata, Masafumi", "Tahara, Maino", "Kutsuna, Satoshi", "Ohmagari, Norio", "Kuroda, Makoto", "Suzuki, Tadaki", "Kageyama, Tsutomu", "Takeda, Makoto"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165541", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused a large respiratory outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, is currently spreading across many countries globally. Here, we show that a TMPRSS2-expressing VeroE6 cell line is highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, making it useful for isolating and propagating SARS-CoV-2. Our results reveal that, in common with SARS- and Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 infection is enhanced by TMPRSS2."}, {"pmid": 32499132, "pmcid": "PMC7246015", "title": "The public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic for people with disabilities.", "journal": "Disabil Health J", "authors": ["Boyle, Coleen A", "Fox, Michael H", "Havercamp, Susan M", "Zubler, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499132", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the rapidly changing landscape of the Covid-19 outbreak, how to best address the needs and continue to protect the health and well-being of people with disabilities (PwDs) is a global public health priority. In this commentary we identify three public health areas of ongoing need and offer possible strategies to address each. These areas include: the types of data that would help clarify risks for PwDs and help assure their safety long term; the prevention, treatment and mitigation measures for PwDs that are needed through the duration of the outbreak; and the issues of equity in access to and quality of medical care for PwDs. Because of the rapid nature of the public health response, it is critical to reassess and readjust our approach to best address the needs of PwDs in the months and years to come and to incorporate these new practices into future emergency preparedness responses."}, {"pmid": 32410825, "pmcid": "PMC7221403", "title": "How to increase the SARS-CoV-2 detection rate through the nasopharyngeal swab?", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["De Virgilio, Armando", "Costantino, Andrea", "Mercante, Giuseppe", "Spriano, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410825", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425286, "pmcid": "PMC7229477", "title": "THE COVID-19 HOTEL FOR HEALTHCARE WORKERS: AN ITALIAN BEST PRACTICE.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["L, Vimercati", "S, Tafuri", "M, Chironna", "D, Loconsole", "Fim, Fucilli", "G, Migliore", "L, Gesualdo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425286", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32107577, "pmcid": "PMC7080117", "title": "Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Xu, Xi", "Yu, Chengcheng", "Qu, Jing", "Zhang, Lieguang", "Jiang, Songfeng", "Huang, Deyang", "Chen, Bihua", "Zhang, Zhiping", "Guan, Wanhua", "Ling, Zhoukun", "Jiang, Rui", "Hu, Tianli", "Ding, Yan", "Lin, Lin", "Gan, Qingxin", "Luo, Liangping", "Tang, Xiaoping", "Liu, Jinxin"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32107577", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, also called 2019-nCoV) recently break out in Wuhan, China, and was named as COVID-19. With the spread of the disease, similar cases have also been confirmed in other regions of China. We aimed to report the imaging and clinical characteristics of these patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Guangzhou, China. All patients with laboratory-identified SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were collected between January 23, 2020, and February 4, 2020, in a designated hospital (Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital). This analysis included 90 patients (39 men and 51 women; median age, 50\u00a0years (age range, 18-86\u00a0years). All the included SARS-CoV-2-infected patients underwent non-contrast enhanced chest computed tomography (CT). We analyzed the clinical characteristics of the patients, as well as the distribution characteristics, pattern, morphology, and accompanying manifestations of lung lesions. In addition, after 1-6\u00a0days (mean 3.5\u00a0days), follow-up chest CT images were evaluated to assess radiological evolution. The majority of infected patients had a history of exposure in Wuhan or to infected patients and mostly presented with fever and cough. More than half of the patients presented bilateral, multifocal lung lesions, with peripheral distribution, and 53 (59%) patients had more than two lobes involved. Of all included patients, COVID-19 pneumonia presented with ground glass opacities in 65 (72%), consolidation in 12 (13%), crazy paving pattern in 11 (12%), interlobular thickening in 33 (37%), adjacent pleura thickening in 50 (56%), and linear opacities combined in 55 (61%). Pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and lymphadenopathy were uncommon findings. In addition, baseline chest CT did not show any abnormalities in 21 patients (23%), but 3 patients presented bilateral ground glass opacities on the second CT after 3-4\u00a0days. SARS-CoV-2 infection can be confirmed based on the patient's history, clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, and laboratory tests. Chest CT examination plays an important role in the initial diagnosis of the novel coronavirus pneumonia. Multiple patchy ground glass opacities in bilateral multiple lobular with periphery distribution are typical chest CT imaging features of the COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32462841, "title": "[Obesity and risk of severe COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Scheen, Andre J"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462841", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Obesity represents a higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection, which may lead to the requirement of a mechanical ventilation in intensive care units and premature death. The underlying mechanisms are multiple: alteration of the respiratory performance, presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension or obstructive sleep apnea, finally inadequate and excessive immunological responses, possibly aggravated by ectopic intrathoracic fat depots. Thus, COVID-19 may challenge the so-called \u00ab\u2005obesity paradox\u2005\u00bb commonly reported by intensivists in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. These findings require reinforced preventive and curative measures among obese patients to limit the risk of progression towards an unfavorable outcome in case of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32312790, "pmcid": "PMC7211078", "title": "Faecal calprotectin indicates intestinal inflammation in COVID-19.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Effenberger, Maria", "Grabherr, Felix", "Mayr, Lisa", "Schwaerzler, Julian", "Nairz, Manfred", "Seifert, Markus", "Hilbe, Richard", "Seiwald, Stefanie", "Scholl-Buergi, Sabine", "Fritsche, Gernot", "Bellmann-Weiler, Rosa", "Weiss, Gunter", "Muller, Thomas", "Adolph, Timon Erik", "Tilg, Herbert"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312790", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32244852, "pmcid": "PMC7141517", "title": "Smoking Upregulates Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 Receptor: A Potential Adhesion Site for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19).", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Brake, Samuel James", "Barnsley, Kathryn", "Lu, Wenying", "McAlinden, Kielan Darcy", "Eapen, Mathew Suji", "Sohal, Sukhwinder Singh"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244852", "countries": ["Indonesia", "Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epicenter of the original outbreak in China has high male smoking rates of around 50%, and early reported death rates have an emphasis on older males, therefore the likelihood of smokers being overrepresented in fatalities is high. In Iran, China, Italy, and South Korea, female smoking rates are much lower than males. Fewer females have contracted the virus. If this analysis is correct, then Indonesia would be expected to begin experiencing high rates of Covid-19 because its male smoking rate is over 60% (Tobacco Atlas). Smokers are vulnerable to respiratory viruses. Smoking can upregulate angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, the known receptor for both the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the human respiratory coronavirus NL638. This could also be true for new electronic smoking devices such as electronic cigarettes and \"heat-not-burn\" IQOS devices. ACE2 could be a novel adhesion molecule for SARS-CoV-2 causing Covid-19 and a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of fatal microbial infections, and therefore it should be fast tracked and prioritized for research and investigation. Data on smoking status should be collected on all identified cases of Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32369410, "title": "Management of Febrile Neutropenia Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Patient With Cancer.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Figuero-Perez, Luis", "Olivares-Hernandez, Alejandro", "Escala-Cornejo, Roberto A", "Cruz-Hernandez, Juan J"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369410", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514348, "pmcid": "PMC7267755", "title": "How to deal with COVID-19 epidemic-related lockdown physical inactivity and sedentary increase in youth? Adaptation of Anses' benchmarks.", "journal": "Arch Public Health", "authors": ["Margaritis, Irene", "Houdart, Sabine", "El Ouadrhiri, Youssef", "Bigard, Xavier", "Vuillemin, Anne", "Duche, Pascale"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Faced with the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, regulatory measures aiming to prevent interpersonal contaminations have been undertaken and among these, lockdown. Due to strong restrictions out-of-home movements, we hypothesize that overall physical activity will decrease and sedentary behavior increase. This could result in highest exposure to the well-known risk related to insufficient physical activity. To mitigate physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors health-related risks related to children and adolescents lockdown and school closure, Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety) has adapted, within the first days of the public authorities' prescription, its former benchmarks. This paper supports and comments Anses' Opinion by raising the questions of whether, why, and how to deal with short- or medium-term lockdown-related physical inactivity and sedentary behavior increases. Short-term and unknown long term-impacts on mental health and well-being, physical fitness and eating behaviors clearly appearing for children and adolescents as being the main issues of concern are highlighted. Targeting the compensations of the physical inactivity increase, the types, frequencies and durations of physical activity, are adapted to restricted environment. Sedentary behavior limitation and frequent interruptions becomes a priority. Overall, considering children and adolescents, the emerging risk justifies proposing specific adaptations and type of activities in order to ensure maintaining health underpinned, at least partly, by physiological equilibrium and physical fitness and avoid the installation of new unhealthy habits or routines that young people could keep after lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32396999, "pmcid": "PMC7272804", "title": "Clustered Cases of Acral Perniosis: Clinical Features, Histopathology and Relationship to COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Cordoro, Kelly M", "Reynolds, Sean D", "Wattier, Rachel", "McCalmont, Timothy H"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396999", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There has been a recent marked increase in pediatric and adult patients presenting with purpuric acral lesions concerning for ischemia, thrombosis and necrosis in COVID-19 prevalent regions worldwide. The clinical and histopathological features and relationship to COVID-19 have not been well described. The objective of this case series is to describe the clinical features and determine the histopathologic findings and clinical implications of the clusters of acral perniosis cases identified in pediatric patients. We describe 6 otherwise healthy adolescents - 3 siblings per family from 2 unrelated families - presented within a 48-hour period in April, 2020, with acral perniosis-like lesions in the context of over 30 similar patients who were evaluated within the same week. Affected patients had mild symptoms of viral upper respiratory infection (URI) or contact with symptomatic persons 1-2 weeks preceding the rash. They all presented with red to violaceous macules and dusky, purpuric plaques scattered on the mid and distal aspects of the toes. Skin biopsies performed on each of the 6 patients demonstrated near identical histopathologic findings to those of idiopathic perniosis, with a lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate without evidence of thromboembolism or immune complex vasculitis. While SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction was negative, testing was performed 1-2 weeks after URI symptoms or sick contact exposure. We offer a clinical approach to evaluation of patients with this presentation and discuss the possibility that these skin findings represent a convalescent-phase cutaneous reaction to SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32222165, "pmcid": "PMC7195428", "title": "Efforts escalate to protect homeless people from COVID-19 in UK.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Kirby, Tony"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222165", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422178, "pmcid": "PMC7228727", "title": "Pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19: the potential role for antifibrotic therapy.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["George, Peter M", "Wells, Athol U", "Jenkins, R Gisli"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422178", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December, 2019, reports emerged from Wuhan, China, of a severe acute respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). By the end of April, 2020, over 3 million people had been confirmed infected, with over 1 million in the USA alone, and over 215\u2008000 deaths. The symptoms associated with COVID-19 are diverse, ranging from mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. The major risk factors for severe COVID-19 are shared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), namely increasing age, male sex, and comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes. However, the role of antifibrotic therapy in patients with IPF who contract SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the scientific rationale for their continuation or cessation, is poorly defined. Furthermore, several licensed and potential antifibrotic compounds have been assessed in models of acute lung injury and viral pneumonia. Data from previous coronavirus infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome, as well as emerging data from the COVID-19 pandemic, suggest there could be substantial fibrotic consequences following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antifibrotic therapies that are available or in development could have value in preventing severe COVID-19 in patients with IPF, have the potential to treat severe COVID-19 in patients without IPF, and might have a role in preventing fibrosis after SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32438876, "title": "Computed tomography manifestations in super early stage 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Acta Radiol", "authors": ["Hu, Shan", "Li, Zhen", "Chen, Xu", "Liang, Chang-Hong"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438876", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, PR China, was caused by a novel beta coronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). To summarize chest computed tomography (CT) manifestations of the early stage of COVID-19 infection and provide a piece of reliable imaging evidence for initial screening and diagnosis. From 10 January 2020 to 10 February 2020, we continuously observed chest CT imaging of 14 patients with clinically suspected new coronavirus infection in the two weeks after onset of symptoms. Ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, reticular pattern, and ground-glass mimic nodules in each patient's chest CT image were recorded. We enrolled 14 patients, of which nine patients had the infection confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Five patients were highly suspected of infection. All cases had epidemiological evidence. GGO was a dominant imaging manifestation in the initial days of infection. GGO performance accounts for 40% in 1-\u20092 days, 90% in 3-\u20096 days, and 85% in 7-\u200910 days. With disease progression, consolidation appeared on follow-up CT. Consolidation performance accounts for 0% in 1-\u20092 days, 40% in 3-\u20096 days, and 71% in 7-\u200910 days. The lesions are mostly near the pleura. The number of lesions and the extent of the lesions increased as the disease progressed. Patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia have characteristic CT features in the initial stage of infection, which can be used as an essential supplement for nucleic acid examination."}, {"pmid": 32364404, "title": "Establishment and Management of Mechanical Circulatory Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Pham, Duc Thinh", "Toeg, Hadi", "De Paulis, Ruggero", "Atluri, Pavan"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364404", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333991, "pmcid": "PMC7174975", "title": "The Use of Captopril-Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor for Cystinuria During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Biyani, Chandra Shekhar", "Palit, Victor", "Daga, Sunil"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333991", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329810, "title": "In the face of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, do people suffering from oncological disease need specific attention?", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Carta, M G", "Orru, G", "Scano, A", "Coghe, F", "Nunnari, G", "Facchini, G", "Numis, F G", "Berretta, M"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405127, "pmcid": "PMC7219383", "title": "Global risk to the community and clinical setting: Flocking of fake masks and protective gears during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Lam, Simon Ching", "Suen, Lorna Kwai Ping", "Cheung, Teris Cheuk Chi"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405127", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312768, "title": "Rituximab for granulomatosis with polyangiitis in the pandemic of covid-19: lessons from a case with severe pneumonia.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Guilpain, Philippe", "Le Bihan, Clement", "Foulongne, Vincent", "Taourel, Patrice", "Pansu, Nathalie", "Maria, Alexandre Thibault Jacques", "Jung, Boris", "Larcher, Romaric", "Klouche, Kada", "Le Moing, Vincent"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312768", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467431, "title": "COVID-19 Crisis Creates Opportunities for Community-Centered Population Health: Community Health Workers at the Center.", "journal": "J Ambul Care Manage", "authors": ["Goldfield, Norbert I", "Crittenden, Robert", "Fox, Durrell", "McDonough, John", "Nichols, Len", "Lee Rosenthal, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467431", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dealing with the COVID-19 coronavirus requires a coordinated transnational effort. We propose a 2-stage state-led effort that utilizes community health workers (CHWs). We spell out what is beginning to occur in states to control and suppress COVID-19. In the second stage, we suggest working with these CHWs as a key element in the next evolution of our health care system: community-centered population health."}, {"pmid": 32510972, "title": "Standards and Stereotypes in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Epelbaum, Oleg"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510972", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434635, "title": "[Coronavirus disease 2019 and hypertension in 2 children].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Hua-Yong", "Zhang, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434635", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article reports the diagnosis and treatment of two children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and hypertension. Case 1 was a boy aged 13 years and 3 months, with the main manifestations of fever and dry cough; chest CT showed ground-glass opacities, and the nucleic acid test of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) yielded a positive result. Case 2 was a boy aged 13 years and 8 months and had no clinical symptoms; chest CT showed no abnormality, while the nucleic acid test of SARS-CoV-2 yielded a positive result. Both cases were shown with family aggregation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. They had obesity and a family history of hypertension. Continuous blood pressure monitoring in the resting state during hospitalization showed that blood pressure was above the 95% reference interval of normal value for children of the same age, and the two boys were given calcium channel blockers or \u03b2-receptor blockers and were then recovered. It is concluded that comprehensive management of children with COVID-19 and underlying cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, should be taken seriously during the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32483035, "title": "General Anesthesia Recommendations for ECT During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Limoncelli, Janine", "Marino, Tambudzia", "Smetana, Roy", "Sanchez-Barranco, Pablo", "Brous, Mary", "Cantwell, Kevin", "Russ, Mark J", "Mack, Patricia Fogarty"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483035", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310916, "title": "[New insights into the seriousness of acute myocardial injury during COVID-19].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Alderighi, Camilla", "Rasoini, Raffaele", "Ambrosio, Giuseppe", "Valente, Serafina", "Gensini, Gian Franco"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310916", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Retrospective data from Chinese cohorts published in the last few days have placed a strong emphasis on the possibility that acute myocardial injury represents a critical component in the development of serious complications in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. These analyses showed that 19-27% of hospitalized patients with moderate/severe COVID-19 developed acute myocardial injury, defined as an increase in troponin levels. Fifty-sixty percent of these patients died. The highest mortality rate was detected among patients with both progressively incremental troponin levels and a history of cardiovascular disease. Some pathophysiological reasons have been hypothesized regarding the frequently observed increase in troponin levels in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, but, at the moment, these data could already suggest some clinical management implications, also with the aim of prospectively collecting research data: a troponin dosage should be considered, as a prognostic indicator, in all patients with moderate/severe COVID-19 at hospital admission, periodically during hospitalization, and in the case of clinical deterioration. In those patients with increased troponin levels, serial determinations should be carried out to define the enzymatic trajectory and therefore also the degree of clinical attention that must necessarily be closer in those who turn out to have persistently high or increasing troponin levels. In order to reduce the overdiagnosis risk of acute myocardial injury in critically ill patients, detection of increased troponin levels should always be contextualized into a multi-parametric evaluation."}, {"pmid": 32391659, "title": "[Pharmaceutical care for severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Jiang, Saiping", "Li, Lu", "Ru, Renping", "Zhang, Chunhong", "Rao, Yuefeng", "Lin, Bin", "Wang, Rongrong", "Chen, Na", "Wang, Xiaojuan", "Cai, Hongliu", "Sheng, Jifang", "Zhou, Jianying", "Lu, Xiaoyang", "Qiu, Yunqing"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391659", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe and critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were usually with underlying diseases, which led to the problems of complicated drug use, potential drug-drug interactions and medication errors in special patients. Based on Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (trial version 6), and Management of COVID-19: the Zhejiang experience, we summarized the experience in the use of antiviral drugs, corticosteroids, vascular active drugs, antibacterial, probiotics, nutrition support schemes in severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients. It is also suggested to focus on medication management for evaluation of drug efficacy and duration of treatment, prevention and treatment of adverse drug reactions, identification of potential drug-drug interactions, individualized medication monitoring based on biosafety protection, and medication administration for special patients."}, {"pmid": 32271650, "title": "The Distance Teaching Practice of Combined Mode of Massive Open Online Course Micro-Video for Interns in Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Epidemic Period.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Zhou, Ting", "Huang, Sufang", "Cheng, Jing", "Xiao, Yaru"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271650", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Objective:\n                    To observe and analyze the application effect of the combined mode of Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) micro-video during the COVID-19 epidemic period in the distance teaching practice of interns in the emergency department.\n                        Materials and Methods:\n                    The subjects of this study were 60 trainee nurses who conducted emergency nursing practice in Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 1 to February 29, 2020. At the time of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, they were divided into two groups: (1) the experimental group (combined mode of MOOC micro-video) and (2) the control group (traditional theory teaching combined with clinical practice teaching). The differences of theoretical and practical examination scores and teaching satisfaction between the two groups were compared.\n                        Results:\n                    There was no significant difference in theoretical, practical, and total examination scores between the two groups, but in terms of teaching satisfaction, the overall satisfaction, the degree of easy understanding, the evaluation of teachers and learning results in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, with statistical difference (p < 0.05).\n                        Conclusion:\n                    Compared with the traditional teaching methods, the effect of combined mode of MOOC micro-video in emergency nursing practice is the same as that of traditional teaching methods, but the satisfaction is higher, so it is more suitable to be used in nursing practice during the COVID-19 epidemic period, so as to effectively reduce the cross-infection between doctors, nurses, and teaching staff."}, {"pmid": 32349868, "pmcid": "PMC7270876", "title": "[The Anesthesiologist and COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Bras Anestesiol", "authors": ["Quintao, Vinicius Caldeira", "Simoes, Claudia Marquez", "Lima, Lais Helena Navarro E", "Barros, Guilherme Antonio Moreira de", "Salgado-Filho, Marcello Fonseca", "Guimaraes, Gabriel Magalhaes Nunes", "Alves, Rodrigo Leal", "Caetano, Ana Maria Menezes", "Schmidt, Andre Prato", "Carmona, Maria Jose Carvalho"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349868", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454233, "pmcid": "PMC7245246", "title": "Early Vascular Surgery Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Nationwide Survey.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Latz, Christopher A", "Boitano, Laura T", "Png, C Y Maximilian", "Tanious, Adam", "Kibrik, Pavel", "Conrad, Mark", "Eagleton, Matthew", "Dua, Anahita"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454233", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had major implications for the United States healthcare system. This survey study sought to identify practice changes, understand current personal protection equipment (PPE) use, and determine how caring for patients with COVID-19 differs for vascular surgeons practicing in states with high COVID-19 case numbers versus low case numbers. A fourteen-question online survey regarding the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on vascular surgeons' current practice was sent to 365 vascular surgeons across the country via REDCap from 4/14/2020 to 4/21/2020 with responses closed on 4/23/2020. The survey response was analyzed with descriptive statistics. Further analyses were performed to evaluate whether responses from states with the highest number of COVID-19 cases (New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and California) differed from those with lower case numbers (all other states). A total of 121 vascular surgeon responded (30.6%) to the survey. All high-volume states were represented. The majority of vascular surgeons are reusing PPE The majority of respondents worked in an academic setting (81.5%) and were performing only urgent and emergent cases (80.5%) during preparation for the surge. This did not differ between high case and low COVID case states (p=0.285). High case states were less likely to perform a lower extremity intervention for critical limb ischemia (60.8% vs. 77.5%, p=0.046), but otherwise case types did not differ. Most attendings work with residents (90.8%) and limited their exposure to procedures on suspected/confirmed COVID-19 cases (56.0%). Thirty-eight percent of attendings have been redeployed within the hospital to a vascular access service, and/or other service outside of vascular surgery. This was more frequent in high case volume states compared to low case volume states (p=0.039). The majority of vascular surgeons are reusing PPE (71.4%) and N95 masks (86.4%), and 21% of vascular surgeons feel that they do not have adequate PPE to perform clinical their duties. The initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in reduced elective cases with primarily only urgent and emergent cases being performed. A minority of vascular surgeons have been redeployed outside of their specialty, however, this is more common among states with high case numbers. Adequate PPE remains an issue for almost a quarter of vascular surgeons who responded to this survey."}, {"pmid": 32475615, "pmcid": "PMC7205726", "title": "Erythema multiforme in the context of SARS-Coronavirus-2 infection.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Sanchez-Velazquez, Alba", "Falkenhain, Daniel", "Rivera Diaz, Raquel"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475615", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488217, "title": "The QT interval in patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Chorin, Ehud", "Dai, Matthew", "Shulman, Eric", "Wadhwani, Lalit", "Bar-Cohen, Roi", "Barbhaiya, Chirag", "Aizer, Anthony", "Holmes, Douglas", "Bernstein, Scott", "Spinelli, Michael", "Park, David S", "Chinitz, Larry A", "Jankelson, Lior"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488217", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392644, "title": "Response to: Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation.", "journal": "Asian Spine J", "authors": ["Sornsa-Ard, Tuanrit", "Niramitsantiphong, Anugoon", "Liawrungrueang, Wongthawat"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392644", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383182, "pmcid": "PMC7267274", "title": "Should RT-PCR be considered a gold standard in the diagnosis of Covid-19?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Drame, Moustapha", "Teguo, Maturin Tabue", "Proye, Emeline", "Hequet, Fanny", "Hentzien, Maxime", "Kanagaratnam, Lukshe", "Godaert, Lidvine"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383182", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To face the new Covid-19 pandemic, the need for early and accurate diagnosis of the disease among suspected cases quickly became obvious for effective management, and for better control of the spread of the disease in the population. Since the beginning of this disease epidemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has routinely been used to confirm diagnosis. However, several authors have pointed out the poor performance of this technique, particularly in terms of sensitivity.1,2 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32446945, "pmcid": "PMC7241329", "title": "Do matrix metalloproteases mediate the SARS-CoV-2-related damage to the central nervous system?", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Bongetta, Daniele", "Calloni, Tommaso", "Colombo, Elena Virginia", "Versace, Alessandro", "Assietti, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446945", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365215, "title": "[Potential harms associated with 4-aminoquinoline treatment].", "journal": "Lakartidningen", "authors": ["Svensson, Markus"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365215", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are currently being evaluated as treatment against COVID-19. These drugs are associated with some potential harms, including QTc-interval prolongation, hypoglycaemia, severe skin reactions and psychiatric effects. Use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine should be reserved to current indications or clinical trials, as recommended by several governmental medical products agencies."}, {"pmid": 32405137, "pmcid": "PMC7219373", "title": "Prone positioning and high-flow oxygen improved respiratory function in a 25-week pregnant woman with COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Vibert, Florence", "Kretz, Mathilda", "Thuet, Vincent", "Barthel, Florian", "De Marcillac, Fanny", "Deruelle, Philippe", "Lecointre, Lise"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405137", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32183934, "pmcid": "PMC7078824", "title": "Post-discharge surveillance and positive virus detection in two medical staff recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), China, January to February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Xing, Yuanyuan", "Mo, Pingzheng", "Xiao, Yu", "Zhao, Oiu", "Zhang, Yongxi", "Wang, Fan"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183934", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, 62 medical staff of Zhongnan Hospital in Wuhan, China have been hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019. During the post-discharge surveillance after clinical recovery, swabs were positive in two asymptomatic cases (3.23%). Case 1 had presented typical clinical and radiological manifestations on admission, while manifestation in Case 2 was very mild. In conclusion, a small proportion of recovered patients may test positive after discharge, and post-discharge surveillance and isolation need to be strengthened."}, {"pmid": 32389723, "pmcid": "PMC7205718", "title": "Computational screening of antagonists against the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus by molecular docking.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Yu, Ran", "Chen, Liang", "Lan, Rong", "Shen, Rong", "Li, Peng"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389723", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current spread of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), antiviral drug discovery is of great importance. AutoDock Vina was used to screen potential drugs by molecular docking with the structural protein and non-structural protein sites of new coronavirus. Ribavirin, a common antiviral drug, remdesivir, chloroquine and luteolin were studied. Honeysuckle is generally believed to have antiviral effects in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, luteolin (the main flavonoid in honeysuckle) was found to bind with a high affinity to the same sites of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 as the control molecule. Chloroquine has been proved clinically effective and can bind to the main protease; this may be the antiviral mechanism of this drug. The study was restricted to molecular docking without validation by molecular dynamics simulations. Interactions with the main protease may play a key role in fighting against viruses. Luteolin is a potential antiviral molecule worthy of attention."}, {"pmid": 32493441, "pmcid": "PMC7267751", "title": "Treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients with anti-interleukin drugs (COV-AID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Maes, Bastiaan", "Bosteels, Cedric", "De Leeuw, Elisabeth", "Declercq, Jozefien", "Van Damme, Karel", "Delporte, Anja", "Demeyere, Benedicte", "Vermeersch, Stefanie", "Vuylsteke, Marnik", "Willaert, Joren", "Bolle, Laura", "Vanbiervliet, Yuri", "Decuypere, Jana", "Libeer, Frederick", "Vandecasteele, Stefaan", "Peene, Isabelle", "Lambrecht, Bart"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493441", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study is to test the safety and effectiveness of individually or simultaneously blocking IL-6, IL-6 receptor and IL-1 versus standard of care on blood oxygenation and systemic cytokine release syndrome in patients with COVID-19 coronavirus infection and acute hypoxic respiratory failure and systemic cytokine release syndrome. A phase 3 prospective, multi-center, interventional, open label, 6-arm 2x2 factorial design study. Subjects will be recruited at the specialized COVID-19 wards and/or ICUs at 16 Belgian participating hospitals. Only adult (\u226518y old) patients will be recruited with recent (\u226416 days) COVID-19 infection and acute hypoxia (defined as PaO2/FiO2 below 350mmHg or PaO2/FiO2 below 280 on supplemental oxygen and immediately requiring high flow oxygen device or mechanical ventilation) and signs of systemic cytokine release syndrome characterized by high serum ferritin, or high D-dimers, or high LDH or deep lymphopenia or a combination of those, who have not been on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours before randomisation. Patients should have had a chest X-ray and/or CT scan showing bilateral infiltrates within the last 2 days before randomisation. Patients with active bacterial or fungal infection will be excluded. Patients will be randomized to 1 of 5 experimental arms versus usual care. The experimental arms consist of Anakinra alone (anti-IL-1 binding the IL-1 receptor), Siltuximab alone (anti-IL-6 chimeric antibody), a combination of Siltuximab and Anakinra, Tocilizumab alone (humanised anti-IL-6 receptor antibody) or a combination of Anakinra with Tocilizumab in addition to standard care. Patients treated with Anakinra will receive a daily subcutaneous injection of 100mg for a maximum of 28 days or until hospital discharge, whichever comes first. Siltuximab (11mg/kg) or Tocilizumab (8mg/kg, with a maximum dose of 800mg) are administered as a single intravenous injection immediately after randomization. The primary end point is the time to clinical improvement defined as the time from randomization to either an improvement of two points on a six-category ordinal scale measured daily till day 28 or discharge from the hospital or death. This ordinal scale is composed of (1) Death; (2) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO; (3) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; (4) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; (5) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen; (6) Not hospitalized. Patients will be randomized using an Interactive Web Response System (REDCap). A 2x2 factorial design was selected with a 2:1 randomization regarding the IL-1 blockade (Anakinra) and a 1:2 randomization regarding the IL-6 blockade (Siltuximab and Tocilizumab). In this open-label trial neither participants, caregivers, nor those assessing the outcomes are blinded to group assignment. A total of 342 participants will be enrolled: 76 patients will receive usual care, 76 patients will receive Siltuximab alone, 76 patients will receive Tocilizumab alone, 38 will receive Anakinra alone, 38 patients will receive Anakinra and Siltuximab and 38 patients will receive Anakinra and Tocilizumab. COV-AID protocol version 3.0 (15 Apr 2020). Participant recruitment is ongoing and started on April 4th 2020. Given the current decline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium, it is difficult to anticipate the rate of participant recruitment. The trial was registered on Clinical Trials.gov on April 1st, 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04330638) and on EudraCT on April 3rd 2020 (Identifier: 2020-001500-41). The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32342675, "title": "COVID-19, A and Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanikit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342675", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376398, "pmcid": "PMC7252115", "title": "Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory failure: A single center study of 100 patients in Brescia, Italy.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Toniati, Paola", "Piva, Simone", "Cattalini, Marco", "Garrafa, Emirena", "Regola, Francesca", "Castelli, Francesco", "Franceschini, Franco", "Airo, Paolo", "Bazzani, Chiara", "Beindorf, Eva-Andrea", "Berlendis, Marialma", "Bezzi, Michela", "Bossini, Nicola", "Castellano, Maurizio", "Cattaneo, Sergio", "Cavazzana, Ilaria", "Contessi, Giovanni-Battista", "Crippa, Massimo", "Delbarba, Andrea", "De Peri, Elena", "Faletti, Angela", "Filippini, Matteo", "Filippini, Matteo", "Frassi, Micol", "Gaggiotti, Mario", "Gorla, Roberto", "Lanspa, Michael", "Lorenzotti, Silvia", "Marino, Rosa", "Maroldi, Roberto", "Metra, Marco", "Matteelli, Alberto", "Modina, Denise", "Moioli, Giovanni", "Montani, Giovanni", "Muiesan, Maria-Lorenza", "Odolini, Silvia", "Peli, Elena", "Pesenti, Silvia", "Pezzoli, Maria-Chiara", "Pirola, Ilenia", "Pozzi, Alessandro", "Proto, Alessandro", "Rasulo, Francesco-Antonio", "Renisi, Giulia", "Ricci, Chiara", "Rizzoni, Damiano", "Romanelli, Giuseppe", "Rossi, Mara", "Salvetti, Massimo", "Scolari, Francesco", "Signorini, Liana", "Taglietti, Marco", "Tomasoni, Gabriele", "Tomasoni, Lina-Rachele", "Turla, Fabio", "Valsecchi, Alberto", "Zani, Davide", "Zuccala, Francesco", "Zunica, Fiammetta", "Foca, Emanuele", "Andreoli, Laura", "Latronico, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376398", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A hyperinflammatory syndrome (HIS) may cause a life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. A prospective series of 100 consecutive patients admitted to the Spedali Civili University Hospital in Brescia (Italy) between March 9th and March 20th with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and ARDS requiring ventilatory support was analyzed to determine whether intravenous administration of tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody that targets the interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor, was associated with improved outcome. Tocilizumab was administered at a dosage of 8\u00a0mg/kg by two consecutive intravenous infusions 12\u00a0h apart. A third infusion was optional based on clinical response. The outcome measure was an improvement in acute respiratory failure assessed by means of the Brescia COVID Respiratory Severity Score (BCRSS 0 to 8, with higher scores indicating higher severity) at 24-72\u00a0h and 10\u00a0days after tocilizumab administration. Out of 100 treated patients (88\u00a0M, 12\u00a0F; median age: 62\u00a0years), 43 received TCZ in the intensive care unit (ICU), while 57 in the general ward as no ICU beds were available. Of these 57 patients, 37 (65%) improved and suspended noninvasive ventilation (NIV) (median BCRSS: 1 [IQR 0-2]), 7 (12%) patients remained stable in NIV, and 13 (23%) patients worsened (10 died, 3 were admitted to ICU). Of the 43 patients treated in the ICU, 32 (74%) improved (17 of them were taken off the ventilator and were discharged to the ward), 1 (2%) remained stable (BCRSS: 5) and 10 (24%) died (all of them had BCRSS\u22657 before TCZ). Overall at 10\u00a0days, the respiratory condition was improved or stabilized in 77 (77%) patients, of whom 61 showed a significant clearing of diffuse bilateral opacities on chest x-ray and 15 were discharged from the hospital. Respiratory condition worsened in 23 (23%) patients, of whom 20 (20%) died. All the patients presented with lymphopenia and high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, ferritin and IL-6 indicating a HIS. During the 10-day follow-up, three cases of severe adverse events were recorded: two patients developed septic shock and died, one had gastrointestinal perforation requiring urgent surgery and was alive at day 10. In conclusion, our series showed that COVID-19 pneumonia with ARDS was characterized by HIS. The response to TCZ was rapid, sustained, and associated with significant clinical improvement."}, {"pmid": 32191623, "title": "The critical role of laboratory medicine during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other viral outbreaks.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191623", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019, abbreviated to COVID-19 and sustained by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the latest biological hazard to assume the relevance of insidious worldwide threat. One obvious question that is now engaging the minds of many scientists and healthcare professionals is whether and eventually how laboratory medicine could efficiently contribute to counteract this and other (future) viral outbreaks. Despite there being evidence that laboratory tests are vital throughout many clinical pathways, there are at least three major areas where in vitro diagnostics can also provide essential contributions to diagnostic reasoning and managed care of patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. These include etiological diagnosis, patient monitoring, as well as epidemiologic surveillance. Nonetheless, some structural and practical aspects may generate substantial hurdles in providing timely and efficient response to this infectious emergency, which basically include inadequate (insufficient) environment and shortage of technical and human resources for facing enhanced volume of tests on many infected patients, some of whom are with severe disease. Some proactive and reactive strategies may hence be identified to confront this serious healthcare challenge, which entail major investments on conventional laboratory resources, reinforcement of regional networks of clinical laboratories, installation of mobile laboratories, as well as being proactive in establishing laboratory emergency plans."}, {"pmid": 32383183, "pmcid": "PMC7267228", "title": "A comparison study of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody between male and female COVID-19 patients: A possible reason underlying different outcome between sex.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zeng, Fanfan", "Dai, Chan", "Cai, Pengcheng", "Wang, Jinbiao", "Xu, Lei", "Li, Jianyu", "Hu, Guoyun", "Wang, Zheng", "Zheng, Fang", "Wang, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383183", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China at the end of 2019 has spread throughout the world and caused many thousands of deaths. The previous study reported a higher severe status rate and mortality rate in male patients in China. However, the reason underlying this difference has not been reported. The convalescent plasma containing a high level of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody has been used in clinical therapy and achieved good effects in China. In this study, to compare the differences of the SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody between male and female patients, a total number of 331 patients confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. The serum of these patients was collected during hospitalization and detected for the SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody. Our data showed that the concentration of IgG antibody in mild, general, and recovering patients showed no difference between male and female patients. In severe status, compared with male patients, there were more female patients having a relatively high concentration of serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody. In addition, the generation of IgG antibody in female patients was stronger than male patients in disease early phase. Our study identified a discrepancy in the SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody level in male and female patients, which may be a potential cause leading to a different outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 between sex."}, {"pmid": 32512950, "title": "From Wuhan to COVID-19 Pandemic: An Up-to-Date Review of Its Pathogenesis, Potential Therapeutics, and Recent Advances.", "journal": "Microorganisms", "authors": ["Zeouk, Ikrame", "Bekhti, Khadija", "Lorenzo-Morales, Jacob"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512950", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of a novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing severe contagious respiratory tract infections presents a serious threat to public health worldwide. To date, there are no specific antiviral agents available for this disease, currently known as COVID-19. Therefore, genomic sequencing and therapeutic clinical trials are being conducted to develop effective antiviral agents. Several reports have investigated FDA-approved drugs as well as in silico virtual screening approaches such as molecular docking and modeling to find novel antiviral agents. Until now, antiparasitic drugs such as chloroquine have shown the most relevant results. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis of this novel coronavirus, its transmission routes, surface survival and evolution in the environment. So far, the scientific community has indicated a possible transmission of COVID-19 via blood transfusion which is challenging in the case of asymptomatic individuals. Protocols for pathogen inactivation are also needed. In this paper, we reviewed recent findings about this life-threatening pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32463434, "title": "Metatranscriptomic Characterization of COVID-19 Identified A Host Transcriptional Classifier Associated With Immune Signaling.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Haocheng", "Ai, Jing-Wen", "Yang, Wenjiao", "Zhou, Xian", "He, Fusheng", "Xie, Shumei", "Zeng, Weiqi", "Li, Yang", "Yu, Yiqi", "Gou, Xuejing", "Li, Yongjun", "Wang, Xiaorui", "Su, Hang", "Xu, Teng", "Zhang, Wenhong"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463434", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent identification of a novel coronavirus, also known as SARS-CoV-2, has caused a global outbreak of respiratory illnesses. The rapidly developing pandemic has posed great challenges to diagnosis of this novel infection. However, little is known about the metatranscriptomic characteristics of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We analyzed metatranscriptomics in 187 patients (62 cases with COVID-19 and 125 with non-COVID-19 pneumonia). Transcriptional aspects of three core elements - pathogens, the microbiome, and host responses - were interrogated. Based on the host transcriptional signature, we built a host gene classifier and examined its potential for diagnosing COVID-19 and indicating disease severity. The airway microbiome in COVID-19 patients had reduced alpha diversity, with 18 taxa of differential abundance. Potentially pathogenic microbes were also detected in 47% of the COVID-19 cases, 58% of which were respiratory viruses. Host gene analysis revealed a transcriptional signature of 36 differentially expressed genes significantly associated with immune pathways such as cytokine signaling. The host gene classifier built on such a signature exhibited potential for diagnosing COVID-19 (AUC of 0.75-0.89) and indicating disease severity. Compared to those with non-COVID-19 pneumonias, COVID-19 patients appeared to have a more disrupted airway microbiome with frequent potential concurrent infections, and a special trigger host immune response in certain pathways such as interferon gamma signaling. The immune-associated host transcriptional signatures of COVID-19 hold promise as a tool for improving COVID-19 diagnosis and indicating disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32363333, "pmcid": "PMC7195288", "title": "A real-time dashboard of clinical trials for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["Thorlund, Kristian", "Dron, Louis", "Park, Jay", "Hsu, Grace", "Forrest, Jamie I", "Mills, Edward J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363333", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425208, "pmcid": "PMC7231724", "title": "Low-flow Nasal Cannula and Potential Nosocomial Spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Goldhaber-Fiebert, Sara N", "Greene, Jeremy A", "Garibaldi, Brian T"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425208", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392587, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on Plastic Surgery in Europe - An ESPRAS Survey.", "journal": "Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir", "authors": ["Giunta, Riccardo E", "Frank, Konstantin", "Costa, Horacio", "Demirdover, Cenk", "di Benedetto, Giovanni", "Elander, Anna", "Henley, Mark", "Murray, Dylan J", "Schaefer, Dirk", "Spendel, Stephan", "Vasar, Olavi", "Zic, Rado"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392587", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present article provides an overview of the current and expected effects of plastic surgery in Europe. It presents the experience of departments for plastic and reconstructive surgery, as evaluated by interviews with members of the Executive Committee (ExCo) of the European Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (ESPRAS). The objective of this overview is to summmarise current information in our area of work and to make this accessible to a broad group of readers. As our knowledge is rapidly increasing during the current pandemic, it is evident that we can only provide a snapshot and this will inevitably be incomplete."}, {"pmid": 32340046, "title": "[Mental Health Care Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic].", "journal": "Psychiatr Prax", "authors": ["Richter, Dirk", "Zurcher, Simeon"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340046", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416318, "pmcid": "PMC7235628", "title": "Lung Ultrasound for Cardiologists in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Kiamanesh, Omid", "Harper, Lea", "Wiskar, Katie", "Luksun, Warren", "McDonald, Michael", "Ross, Heather", "Woo, Anna", "Granton, John"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416318", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a point-of-care ultrasound technique used for its portability, widespread availability, and ability to provide real-time diagnostic information for procedural guidance. LUS outperforms lung auscultation and chest X-ray, and it is an alternative to chest computed tomography in selected cases. Cardiologists may enhance their physical and echocardiographic examination with the addition of LUS. We present a practical guide to LUS, including device selection, scanning, findings, and interpretation. We outline a 3-point scanning protocol using 2-dimensional and M-mode imaging to evaluate the pleural line, pleural space, and parenchyma. We describe LUS findings and interpretation for common causes of respiratory failure. We provide guidance specific of COVID-19, which at the time of writing is a global pandemic. In this context, LUS emerges as a particularly useful tool for the diagnosis and management of patients with cardiopulmonary disease."}, {"pmid": 32422209, "pmcid": "PMC7229473", "title": "Are Gastrointestinal Symptoms Specific for COVID-19 Infection? A Prospective Case-Control Study from the United States.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Chen, Alan", "Agarwal, Amol", "Ravindran, Nishal", "To, Chau", "Zhang, Talan", "Thuluvath, Paul J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422209", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404317, "title": "Covid-19: Concerns rise as cases expand rapidly in South America.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["de Oliveira Andrade, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404317", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520846, "title": "Review of Chest Radiograph Findings of COVID-19 Pneumonia and Suggested Reporting Language.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Litmanovich, Diana E", "Chung, Michael", "R Kirkbride, Rachael", "Kicska, Gregory", "P Kanne, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520846", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The utility of chest radiography (CXR) remains an evolving topic of discussion. Current reports of CXR findings related to COVID-19 contain varied terminology as well as various assessments of its sensitivity and specificity. This can lead to a misunderstanding of CXR reports and makes comparison between examinations and research studies challenging. With this need for consistency, we propose language for standardized CXR reporting and severity assessment of persons under investigation for having COVID-19, patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, and patients who may have radiographic findings typical or suggestive of COVID-19 when the diagnosis is not suspected clinically. We recommend contacting the referring providers to discuss the likelihood of viral infection when typical or indeterminate features of COVID-19 pneumonia on CXR are present as an incidental finding. In addition, we summarize the currently available literature related to the use of CXR for COVID-19 and discuss the evolving techniques of obtaining CXR in COVID-19-positive patients. The recently published expert consensus statement on reporting chest computed tomography findings related to COVID-19, endorsed by the Radiological Society of North American (RSNA), the Society of Thoracic Radiology (STR), and American College of Radiology (ACR), serves as the framework for our proposal."}, {"pmid": 32374894, "pmcid": "PMC7267366", "title": "(Indoor) isolation, stress and physical inactivity: vicious circles accelerated by Covid-19?", "journal": "Scand J Med Sci Sports", "authors": ["Burtscher, Johannes", "Burtscher, Martin", "Millet, Gregoire P"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374894", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 epidemic necessitates the application of strict isolation strategies to curb virus spreading. Isolation of individuals in combination with fear of contagion, quarantine and stigma, as well as with potential (mis)information overload (\"infodemic\")1 , however, causes chronic stress and is associated with a burden on mental health, posing risk factors for anxiety and depression. It is well understood that chronic stress is a major modulator of immunity2 and thus directly influences probability of infection."}, {"pmid": 32376133, "pmcid": "PMC7183959", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on European Health Care and Urology Trainees.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Pang, Karl H", "Carrion, Diego M", "Rivas, Juan Gomez", "Mantica, Guglielmo", "Mattigk, Angelika", "Pradere, Benjamin", "Esperto, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376133", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had rapid and inevitable effects on health care systems and the training and work plans of urology residents. Smart learning is a valuable strategy for maintaining the learning curve of residents."}, {"pmid": 32031264, "pmcid": "PMC7167054", "title": "Evolving status of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection: Proposal of conventional serologic assays for disease diagnosis and infection monitoring.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Xiao, Shu-Yuan", "Wu, Yingjie", "Liu, Huan"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32031264", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410757, "pmcid": "PMC7220161", "title": "Where are the ECDC and the EU-wide responses in the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Jordana, Jacint", "Trivino-Salazar, Juan Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501409, "pmcid": "PMC7256342", "title": "Population vulnerability to COVID-19 in Europe: a burden of disease analysis.", "journal": "Arch Public Health", "authors": ["Wyper, Grant M A", "Assuncao, Ricardo", "Cuschieri, Sarah", "Devleeschauwer, Brecht", "Fletcher, Eilidh", "Haagsma, Juanita A", "Hilderink, Henk B M", "Idavain, Jane", "Lesnik, Tina", "Von der Lippe, Elena", "Majdan, Marek", "Milicevic, Milena S", "Pallari, Elena", "Penalvo, Jose L", "Pires, Sara M", "Plass, Dietrich", "Santos, Joao V", "Stockton, Diane L", "Thomsen, Sofie Theresa", "Grant, Ian"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501409", "countries": ["Italy", "Czechia", "Sweden", "Germany", "Bulgaria", "Lithuania", "Latvia", "Estonia", "Greece", "Croatia", "Finland", "Portugal", "Hungary"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evidence has emerged showing that elderly people and those with pre-existing chronic health conditions may be at higher risk of developing severe health consequences from COVID-19. In Europe, this is of particular relevance with ageing populations living with non-communicable diseases, multi-morbidity and frailty. Published estimates of Years Lived with Disability (YLD) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study help to characterise the extent of these effects. Our aim was to identify the countries across Europe that have populations at highest risk from COVID-19 by using estimates of population age structure and YLD for health conditions linked to severe illness from COVID-19. Population and YLD estimates from GBD 2017 were extracted for 45 countries in Europe. YLD was restricted to a list of specific health conditions associated with being at risk of developing severe consequences from COVID-19 based on guidance from the United Kingdom Government. This guidance also identified individuals aged 70\u2009years and above as being at higher risk of developing severe health consequences. Study outcomes were defined as: (i) proportion of population aged 70\u2009years and above; and (ii) rate of YLD for COVID-19 vulnerable health conditions across all ages. Bivariate groupings were established for each outcome and combined to establish overall population-level vulnerability. Countries with the highest proportions of elderly residents were Italy, Greece, Germany, Portugal and Finland. When assessments of population-level YLD rates for COVID-19 vulnerable health conditions were made, the highest rates were observed for Bulgaria, Czechia, Croatia, Hungary and Bosnia and Herzegovina. A bivariate analysis indicated that the countries at high-risk across both measures of vulnerability were: Bulgaria; Portugal; Latvia; Lithuania; Greece; Germany; Estonia; and Sweden. Routine estimates of population structures and non-fatal burden of disease measures can be usefully combined to create composite indicators of vulnerability for rapid assessments, in this case to severe health consequences from COVID-19. Countries with available results for sub-national regions within their country, or national burden of disease studies that also use sub-national levels for burden quantifications, should consider using non-fatal burden of disease estimates to estimate geographical vulnerability to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32405156, "pmcid": "PMC7219429", "title": "Synergistic antiviral effect of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in combination against SARS-CoV-2: What molecular dynamics studies of virus-host interactions reveal.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Fantini, Jacques", "Chahinian, Henri", "Yahi, Nouara"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405156", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a global pandemic disease referred to as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Hydroxychloroquine (CLQ-OH)/azithromycin (ATM) combination therapy is currently being tested for the treatment of COVID-19, with promising results. However, the molecular mechanism of action of this combination is not yet established. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, this study shows that the drugs act in synergy to prevent any close contact between the virus and the plasma membrane of host cells. Unexpected molecular similarity is shown between ATM and the sugar moiety of GM1, a lipid raft ganglioside acting as a host attachment cofactor for respiratory viruses. Due to this mimicry, ATM interacts with the ganglioside-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This binding site shared by ATM and GM1 displays a conserved amino acid triad Q-134/F-135/N-137 located at the tip of the spike protein. CLQ-OH molecules are shown to saturate virus attachment sites on gangliosides in the vicinity of the primary coronavirus receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2). Taken together, these data show that ATM is directed against the virus, whereas CLQ-OH is directed against cellular attachment cofactors. We conclude that both drugs act as competitive inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 attachment to the host-cell membrane. This is consistent with a synergistic antiviral mechanism at the plasma membrane level, where therapeutic intervention is likely to be most efficient. This molecular mechanism may explain the beneficial effects of CLQ-OH/ATM combination therapy in patients with COVID-19. Incidentally, the data also indicate that the conserved Q-134/F-135/N-137 triad could be considered as a target for vaccine strategies."}, {"pmid": 32163102, "title": "Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Adams, James G", "Walls, Ron M"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32163102", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32103652, "title": "[Recommendation on the modernization of disease control and prevention].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32103652", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Special Expert Group for Control of the Epidemic of COVID-19 of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association have had a deep discussion on how to promote the modernization progress of current disease control and prevention system in China. By deeply investigating and analyzing the problems existed in the current Chinese disease control and prevention system, and learning the experiences from the disease control and prevention systems of other countries, the expert group suggested the following recommendations, included the enhance and update the laws related to public health, build up advanced institution mechanisms that meet current social status, reform current emergency response system, clarify the dominance and function of disease control and prevention system in Health China developing, and speed up the construction of a modern information system, talented professional groups, and advanced culture."}, {"pmid": 32398294, "pmcid": "PMC7236825", "title": "Venous thromboembolism in SARS-CoV-2 patients: only a problem in ventilated ICU patients, or is there more to it?", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Criel, Maarten", "Falter, Maarten", "Jaeken, Jasmien", "Van Kerrebroeck, Margaretha", "Lefere, Isabelle", "Meylaerts, Liesbeth", "Mesotten, Dieter", "Vander Laenen, Margot", "Fivez, Tom", "Thomeer, Michiel", "David, Ruttens"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398294", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273181, "pmcid": "PMC7271211", "title": "COVID-19 in a Kidney Transplant Patient.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Wang, Junpeng", "Li, Xin", "Cao, Guanghui", "Wu, Xiaoqiang", "Wang, Zhiwei", "Yan, Tianzhong"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273181", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393346, "pmcid": "PMC7212733", "title": "Aerosol-generating otolaryngology procedures and the need for enhanced PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review.", "journal": "J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Mick, Paul", "Murphy, Russell"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393346", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Adequate personal protective equipment is needed to reduce the rate of transmission of COVID-19 to health care workers. Otolaryngology groups are recommending a higher level of personal protective equipment for aerosol-generating procedures than public health agencies. The objective of the review was to provide evidence that a.) demonstrates which otolaryngology procedures are aerosol-generating, and that b.) clarifies whether the higher level of PPE advocated by otolaryngology groups is justified. Health care workers in China who performed tracheotomy during the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic had 4.15 times greater odds of contracting the virus than controls who did not perform tracheotomy (95% CI 2.75-7.54). No other studies provide direct epidemiological evidence of increased aerosolized transmission of viruses during otolaryngology procedures. Experimental evidence has shown that electrocautery, advanced energy devices, open suctioning, and drilling can create aerosolized biological particles. The viral load of COVID-19 is highest in the upper aerodigestive tract, increasing the likelihood that aerosols generated during procedures of the upper aerodigestive tract of infected patients would carry viral material. Cough and normal breathing create aerosols which may increase the risk of transmission during outpatient procedures. A significant proportion of individuals infected with COVID-19 may not have symptoms, raising the likelihood of transmission of the disease to inadequately protected health care workers from patients who do not have probable or confirmed infection. Powered air purifying respirators, if used properly, provide a greater level of filtration than N95 masks and thus may reduce the risk of transmission. Direct and indirect evidence suggests that a large number of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery procedures are aerosol generating. Otolaryngologists are likely at high risk of contracting COVID-19 during aerosol generating procedures because they are likely exposed to high viral loads in patients infected with the virus. Based on the precautionary principle, even though the evidence is not definitive, adopting enhanced personal protective equipment protocols is reasonable based on the evidence. Further research is needed to clarify the risk associated with performing various procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the degree to which various personal protective equipment reduces the risk."}, {"pmid": 32290887, "pmcid": "PMC7205552", "title": "COVID-19: What paramedics need to know!", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Buick, Jason E", "Cheskes, Sheldon", "Feldman, Michael", "Verbeek, P Richard", "Hillier, Morgan", "Leong, Yuen Chin", "Drennan, Ian R"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290887", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506866, "title": "A cluster of tertiary transmissions of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in the community from infectors with common cold symptoms.", "journal": "Korean J Intern Med", "authors": ["Kim, Nam Joong", "Choe, Pyoeng Gyun", "Park, Sang-Joon", "Lim, Jaegyun", "Lee, Wang Jun", "Kang, Chang Kyung", "Park, Wan Beom", "Seong, Moon-Woo", "Oh, Myoung-Don"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506866", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the global impact of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been severe, many countries have intensified containment activities to eliminate virus transmission, through early detection and isolation strategies. To establish a proper quarantine strategy, it is essential to understand how easily the virus can spread in the communities. In this study, we collected detailed information on the circumstances in which human-to-human transmission occurred in the tertiary transmission cases of COVID-19 in the community. On January 26, 2020, an imported case of COVID-19 was confirmed, and by February 10, 2020, one secondary transmission and three tertiary transmissions were identified. Secondary transmission occurred on the first day of illness of the infector, and his symptoms were suggestive of a common cold. The transmission occurred during a 90-minute long meal together in a restaurant. The people were sitting within one meter of each other, and had no direct contact. The tertiary transmission also occurred on the first-day illness of the other infector, and his only symptom was slight chills. The transmission occurred at a church during 2-hour-long worship, and two rows separated them. Our findings suggest that mildly symptomatic patients with COVID-19 could transmit the virus from the first day of illness through daily activities in the community. Early detection and isolation of patients with COVID-19 may be challenging."}, {"pmid": 32453053, "pmcid": "PMC7273952", "title": "COVID-19 and the Digestive System.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Ma, Chunxiang", "Cong, Yingzi", "Zhang, Hu"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453053", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia in 2019 (Coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) is now threatening global public health. Although COVID-19 is principally defined by its respiratory symptoms, it is now clear that the virus can also affect the digestive system. In this review, we elaborate on the close relationship between COVID-19 and the digestive system, focusing on both the clinical findings and potential underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 gastrointestinal pathogenesis."}, {"pmid": 32275812, "pmcid": "PMC7169476", "title": "Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Grein, Jonathan", "Ohmagari, Norio", "Shin, Daniel", "Diaz, George", "Asperges, Erika", "Castagna, Antonella", "Feldt, Torsten", "Green, Gary", "Green, Margaret L", "Lescure, Francois-Xavier", "Nicastri, Emanuele", "Oda, Rentaro", "Yo, Kikuo", "Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia", "Studemeister, Alex", "Redinski, John", "Ahmed, Seema", "Bernett, Jorge", "Chelliah, Daniel", "Chen, Danny", "Chihara, Shingo", "Cohen, Stuart H", "Cunningham, Jennifer", "D'Arminio Monforte, Antonella", "Ismail, Saad", "Kato, Hideaki", "Lapadula, Giuseppe", "L'Her, Erwan", "Maeno, Toshitaka", "Majumder, Sumit", "Massari, Marco", "Mora-Rillo, Marta", "Mutoh, Yoshikazu", "Nguyen, Duc", "Verweij, Ewa", "Zoufaly, Alexander", "Osinusi, Anu O", "DeZure, Adam", "Zhao, Yang", "Zhong, Lijie", "Chokkalingam, Anand", "Elboudwarej, Emon", "Telep, Laura", "Timbs, Leighann", "Henne, Ilana", "Sellers, Scott", "Cao, Huyen", "Tan, Susanna K", "Winterbourne, Lucinda", "Desai, Polly", "Mera, Robertino", "Gaggar, Anuj", "Myers, Robert P", "Brainard, Diana M", "Childs, Richard", "Flanigan, Timothy"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275812", "countries": ["United States", "Canada", "Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Remdesivir, a nucleotide analogue prodrug that inhibits viral RNA polymerases, has shown in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2. We provided remdesivir on a compassionate-use basis to patients hospitalized with Covid-19, the illness caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. Patients were those with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who had an oxygen saturation of 94% or less while they were breathing ambient air or who were receiving oxygen support. Patients received a 10-day course of remdesivir, consisting of 200 mg administered intravenously on day 1, followed by 100 mg daily for the remaining 9 days of treatment. This report is based on data from patients who received remdesivir during the period from January 25, 2020, through March 7, 2020, and have clinical data for at least 1 subsequent day. Of the 61 patients who received at least one dose of remdesivir, data from 8 could not be analyzed (including 7 patients with no post-treatment data and 1 with a dosing error). Of the 53 patients whose data were analyzed, 22 were in the United States, 22 in Europe or Canada, and 9 in Japan. At baseline, 30 patients (57%) were receiving mechanical ventilation and 4 (8%) were receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. During a median follow-up of 18 days, 36 patients (68%) had an improvement in oxygen-support class, including 17 of 30 patients (57%) receiving mechanical ventilation who were extubated. A total of 25 patients (47%) were discharged, and 7 patients (13%) died; mortality was 18% (6 of 34) among patients receiving invasive ventilation and 5% (1 of 19) among those not receiving invasive ventilation. In this cohort of patients hospitalized for severe Covid-19 who were treated with compassionate-use remdesivir, clinical improvement was observed in 36 of 53 patients (68%). Measurement of efficacy will require ongoing randomized, placebo-controlled trials of remdesivir therapy. (Funded by Gilead Sciences.)."}, {"pmid": 32509289, "pmcid": "PMC7242884", "title": "The case for compulsory licensing during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Wong, Hilary"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509289", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437961, "pmcid": "PMC7211649", "title": "Coagulation changes and thromboembolic risk in COVID-19 pregnant patients.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Benhamou, Dan", "Keita, Hawa", "Bouthors, Anne Sophie"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437961", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506726, "title": "Clinical features of COVID-19 convalescent patients with re-positive nucleic acid detection.", "journal": "J Clin Lab Anal", "authors": ["Zhu, Hui", "Fu, Liyun", "Jin, Yinhua", "Shao, Jiale", "Zhang, Shun", "Zheng, Nanhong", "Fan, Lingyan", "Yu, Zhe", "Ying, Jun", "Hu, Yaoren", "Chen, Tongen", "Chen, Yanglingzi", "Chen, Min", "Chen, Mingjue", "Xiong, Zi", "Kang, Junfei", "Jin, Jiachang", "Cai, Ting", "Ye, Honghua"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506726", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has rapidly spread worldwide. Increasingly, confirmed patients being discharged according to the current diagnosis and treatment protocols, follow-up of convalescent patients is important to knowing about the outcome. A retrospective study was performed among 98 convalescent patients with COVID-19 in a single medical center. The clinical features of patients during their hospitalization and 2-week postdischarge quarantine were collected. Among the 98 COVID-19 convalescent patients, 17 (17.3%) were detected positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid during 2-week postdischarge quarantine. The median time from discharge to SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid re-positive was 4\u00a0days (IQR, 3-8.5).The median time from symptoms onset to final respiratory SARS-CoV-2 detection of negative result was significantly longer in re-positive group (34\u00a0days [IQR, 29.5-42.5]) than in non-re-positive group (19\u00a0days [IQR, 16-26]). On the other hand, the levels of CD3-CD56\u00a0+\u00a0NK cells during hospitalization and 2-week postdischarge were higher in re-positive group than in non-re-positive group (repeated measures ANOVA, P\u00a0=\u00a0.018). However, only one case in re-positive group showed exudative lesion recurrence in pulmonary computed tomography (CT) with recurred symptoms. It is still possible for convalescent patients to show positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection, but most of the re-positive patients showed no deterioration in pulmonary CT findings. Continuous quarantine and close follow-up for convalescent patients are necessary to prevent possible relapse and spread of the disease to some extent."}, {"pmid": 32514047, "title": "Expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Cell Death Differ", "authors": ["Agrati, Chiara", "Sacchi, Alessandra", "Bordoni, Veronica", "Cimini, Eleonora", "Notari, Stefania", "Grassi, Germana", "Casetti, Rita", "Tartaglia, Eleonora", "Lalle, Eleonora", "D'Abramo, Alessandra", "Castilletti, Concetta", "Marchioni, Luisa", "Shi, Yufang", "Mariano, Andrea", "Song, Jin-Wen", "Zhang, Ji-Yuan", "Wang, Fu-Sheng", "Zhang, Chao", "Fimia, Gian Maria", "Capobianchi, Maria R", "Piacentini, Mauro", "Antinori, Andrea", "Nicastri, Emanuele", "Maeurer, Markus", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Ippolito, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514047", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a 3.4% mortality rate in patients with severe disease. The pathogenesis of severe cases remains unknown. We performed an in-depth prospective analysis of immune and inflammation markers in two patients with severe COVID-19 disease from presentation to convalescence. Peripheral blood from 18 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, 9 with severe and 9 with mild COVID-19 disease, was obtained at admission and analyzed for T-cell activation profile, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and cytokine profiles. MDSC functionality was tested in vitro. In four severe and in four mild patients, a longitudinal analysis was performed daily from the day of admission to the early convalescent phase. Early after admission severe patients showed neutrophilia, lymphopenia, increase in effector T cells, a persisting higher expression of CD95 on T cells, higher serum concentration of IL-6 and TGF-\u03b2, and a cytotoxic profile of NK and T cells compared with mild patients, suggesting a highly engaged immune response. Massive expansion of MDSCs was observed, up to 90% of total circulating mononuclear cells in patients with severe disease, and up to 25% in the patients with mild disease; the frequency decreasing with recovery. MDSCs suppressed T-cell functions, dampening excessive immune response. MDSCs decline at convalescent phase was associated to a reduction in TGF-\u03b2 and to an increase of inflammatory cytokines in plasma samples. Substantial expansion of suppressor cells is seen in patients with severe COVID-19. Further studies are required to define their roles in reducing the excessive activation/inflammation, protection, influencing disease progression, potential to serve as biomarkers of disease severity, and new targets for immune and host-directed therapeutic approaches."}, {"pmid": 32407126, "title": "Prisons: Amplifiers of the COVID-19 Pandemic Hiding in Plain Sight.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Barnert, Elizabeth", "Ahalt, Cyrus", "Williams, Brie"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407126", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Georgia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281124, "pmcid": "PMC7262041", "title": "Organ donation during the coronavirus pandemic: an evolving saga in uncharted waters.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Moris, Dimitrios", "Shaw, Brian I", "Dimitrokallis, Nikolaos", "Barbas, Andrew S"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281124", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406374, "title": "Olfactory dysfunction in the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Izquierdo-Dominguez, A", "Rojas-Lechuga, M J", "Mullol, J", "Alobid, I"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406374", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first cases of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, China, and rapidly become a public health emergency of international proportions. The disease may cause mild-to-severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and is caused by a SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 include fever, dry cough, fatigue, sputum production, shortness of breath, sore throat, and headache. This article is a narrative review with the aim of analyzing the current literature on postviral olfactory dysfunction (OD) related to SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. Since the initial anecdotal reports from China, international reports on COVID-19 patients have been increasing, describing a 5% to 85% range of loss of smell. To date, the literature is widely heterogeneous regarding the loss of smell; therefore, we advise home isolation measures and/or social distancing, and to carry out diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 when possible in those patients with sudden and severe loss of smell who cannot be promptly evaluated."}, {"pmid": 32518555, "pmcid": "PMC7270776", "title": "Pay attention to situation of SARS-CoV-2 and TCM advantages in treatment of novel coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Chin Herb Med", "authors": ["Liu, Chang-Xiao"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518555", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of the new coronavirus epidemic, novel coronavirus has infected nearly 100,000 people in more than 110 countries. How to face this new coronavirus epidemic outbreak is an important issue. Basic reproduction number (R0) is an important parameter in epidemiology; The basic reproduction number of an infection can be thought of as the expected number of cases directly generated by one case in a population where all individuals are susceptible to infection. Epidemiology dynamics is a mathematical model based on a susceptibility-infection-recovery epidemic model. Researchers analyzed the epidemiological benefits of different transmission rates for the establishment of effective strategy in prevention and control strategies for epidemic infectious diseases. In this review, the early use of TCM for light and ordinary patients, can rapidly improve symptoms, shorten hospitalization days and reduce severe cases transformed from light and normal. Many TCM formulas and products have wide application in treating infectious and non-infectious diseases. The TCM theoretical system of treating epidemic diseases with TCM and the treatment scheme of integrated Chinese and Western medicine have proved their effectiveness in clinical practice. TCM can cure COVID-19 pneumonia, and also shows that the role of TCM in blocking the progress of COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32483005, "title": "Liver Enzyme Elevation in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Hao, Shao-Rui", "Zhang, Shan-Yan", "Lian, Jiang-Shan", "Jin, Xi", "Ye, Cheng-Yin", "Cai, Huan", "Zhang, Xiao-Li", "Hu, Jian-Hua", "Zheng, Lin", "Zhang, Yi-Min", "Jia, Hong-Yu", "Yu, Guo-Dong", "Wang, Xiao-Yan", "Gu, Jue-Qing", "Lu, Ying-Feng", "Yu, Xiao-Peng", "Yu, Liang", "Xiang, Dai-Rong", "Ye, Chan-Yuan", "Jin, Ci-Liang", "Qiu, Yun-Qing", "Li, Lan-Juan", "Sheng, Ji-Fang", "Liang, Ting-Bo", "Yang, Yi-Da"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483005", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Elevated liver enzyme levels are observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, these features have not been characterized. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province, China, from January 17 to February 12, 2020, were enrolled. Liver enzyme level elevation was defined as alanine aminotransferase level >35 U/L for men and 25 U/L for women at admission. Patients with normal alanine aminotransferase levels were included in the control group. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and patients symptomatic with SARS-CoV-2 infection were defined as patients with COVID-19. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were collected and compared. Of 788 patients with COVID-19, 222 (28.2%) patients had elevated liver enzyme levels (median [interquartile range {IQR}] age, 47.0 [35.0-55.0] years; 40.5% women). Being male, overweight, and smoking increased the risk of liver enzyme level elevation. The liver enzyme level elevation group had lesser pharyngalgia and more diarrhea than the control group. The median time from illness onset to admission was 3 days for liver enzyme level elevation groups (IQR, 2-6), whereas the median hospitalization time for 86 (38.7%) discharged patients was 13 days (IQR, 11-16). No differences in disease severity and clinical outcomes were noted between the groups. We found that 28.2% of patients with COVID-19 presented with elevated liver enzyme levels on admission, which could partially be related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Male patients had a higher risk of liver enzyme level elevation. With early medical intervention, liver enzyme level elevation did not worsen the outcomes of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32269308, "title": "COVID-19 brings drug development to a halt.", "journal": "Nat Rev Drug Discov", "authors": ["Mullard, Asher"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269308", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394153, "pmcid": "PMC7214097", "title": "A cloth mask for under-resourced healthcare settings in the COVID19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ir J Med Sci", "authors": ["Sugrue, Michael", "O'Keeffe, Derek", "Sugrue, Ryan", "MacLean, Lorraine", "Varzgalis, Manvydas"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394153", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID19 pandemic poses a global threat, with many unknowns. The potential for resource limited countries to suffer huge mortality is of major concern. Prevention and risk reduction strategies are paramount in the current absence of effective treatment or a vaccine. There is a global shortage of personal protective equipment. This short paper describes the rationale for and development of a cloth homemade mask and has a step by step video. The template is reproducible around the world and is both washable and cheap. This article describes a simple way to make a cloth mask, suitable if medical masks are not available."}, {"pmid": 32504678, "title": "Concerns in redirecting uro-oncologic patients during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Campodonico, Fabio", "Ennas, Marco", "Domenico, Antonia Di", "Benelli, Andrea", "Brusasco, Claudia", "Introini, Carlo"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504678", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416233, "pmcid": "PMC7228694", "title": "Supporting Adults Bereaved Through COVID-19: A Rapid Review of the Impact of Previous Pandemics on Grief and Bereavement.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Mayland, Catriona R", "Harding, Andrew J E", "Preston, Nancy", "Payne, Sheila"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416233", "countries": ["Singapore", "Haiti"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have a major impact on the experience of death, dying, and bereavement. This study aimed to review and synthesize learning from previous literature focused on the impact on grief and bereavement during other infectious disease outbreaks. We conducted a rapid scoping review according to the principles of the Joanna Briggs Institute and analyzed qualitative data using thematic synthesis. From the 218 identified articles, 6 were included in the analysis. They were four qualitative studies, one observational study, and a systematic review. Studies were conducted in West Africa, Haiti, and Singapore. No research studies have focused on outcomes and support for bereaved people during a pandemic. Studies have tended to focus on survivors who are those who had the illness and recovered, recognizing that some of these individuals will also be bereaved people. Previous pandemics appear to cause multiple losses both directly related to death itself and also in terms of disruption to social norms, rituals, and mourning practices. This affects the ability for an individual to connect with the deceased both before and after the death, potentially increasing the risk of complicated grief. In view of the limited research, specific learning from the current COVID-19 crisis and the impact on the bereaved would be pertinent. Current focus should include innovative ways to promote connection and adapt rituals while maintaining respect. Strong leadership and coordination between different bereavement organisations is essential to providing successful postbereavement support."}, {"pmid": 32469618, "title": "Protecting American Lungs and Reversing Youth Tobacco Epidemic Act.", "journal": "NASN Sch Nurse", "authors": ["Largent, Piper", "Mazyck, Donna"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469618", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Annually, the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) sets advocacy goals. The goals include legislative and policy priorities. This article sets forth current NASN legislative priorities and results of advocacy that benefits students. The NASN Board of Directors are instrumental in moving policy priorities forward. In addition, this article shares NASN advocacy during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32191813, "title": "COVID-19 epidemic in Switzerland: on the importance of testing, contact tracing and isolation.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Salathe, Marcel", "Althaus, Christian L", "Neher, Richard", "Stringhini, Silvia", "Hodcroft, Emma", "Fellay, Jacques", "Zwahlen, Marcel", "Senti, Gabriela", "Battegay, Manuel", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Eckerle, Isabella", "Egger, Matthias", "Low, Nicola"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191813", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Switzerland is among the countries with the highest number of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases per capita in the world. There are likely many people with undetected SARS-CoV-2 infection because testing efforts are currently not detecting all infected people, including some with clinical disease compatible with COVID-19. Testing on its own will not stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Testing is part of a strategy. The World Health Organization recommends a combination of measures: rapid diagnosis and immediate isolation of cases, rigorous tracking and precautionary self-isolation of close contacts. In this article, we explain why the testing strategy in Switzerland should be strengthened urgently, as a core component of a combination approach to control COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32213081, "title": "Strengthening China's Public Health Response System: From SARS to COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Bouey, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213081", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433777, "title": "Queries on the COVID-19 quick publishing ethics.", "journal": "Bioethics", "authors": ["Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy", "Hsu, Minna J", "Shieh, Pochuen"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433777", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282959, "pmcid": "PMC7262024", "title": "Navigating Nonessential Research Trials During COVID-19: The Push We Needed for Using Digital Technology to Increase Access for Rural Participants?", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Noonan, Devon", "Simmons, Leigh Ann"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282959", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215641, "title": "Toward Universal Deployable Guidelines for the Care of Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Lamontagne, Francois", "Angus, Derek C"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215641", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268639, "title": "[Health protection guideline of hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268639", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This guideline stipulates the health protection requirements for hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts during COVID-19 outbreak, including requirements for hotels, personal health protection, and management. It is applicable to hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts, such as general hotels, conference center, sanitariums, etc."}, {"pmid": 32523871, "pmcid": "PMC7263243", "title": "Acute symptomatic hyponatremia in setting of SIADH as an isolated presentation of COVID-19.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Habib, Mhd Baraa", "Sardar, Sundus", "Sajid, Jamal"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523871", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is one of the most common causes of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients. Wide spectrum of etiologies associated with hyponatremia pose significant challenges in detecting and treating this disorder. Several infectious causes of SIADH have been reported; however, hyponatremia associated with SIADH and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was only recently mentioned in a few case reports. We discuss a unique presentation of COVID-19, in which the patient presented with acute severe symptomatic hyponatremia thought to be the initial and isolated presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32372892, "pmcid": "PMC7198091", "title": "Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Italian Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Soraci, Paolo", "Ferrari, Ambra", "Abbiati, Francesco A", "Del Fante, Elena", "De Pace, Rosanna", "Urso, Antonino", "Griffiths, Mark D"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372892", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The advent of COVID-19 worldwide has led to consequences for people's health, both physical and psychological, such as fear and anxiety. This is the case in Italy, one of the countries most affected by the pandemic. Given the heightened fear concerning COVID-19 in Italy., the present study analyzed the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). The sample comprised 250 Italian participants who were administered Italian versions of the FCV-19S, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Severity Measure for Specific Phobia-Adult (SMSP-A). Several psychometric tests were performed to investigate the validity and reliability of the test including confirmatory factor analysis. Analysis of the data showed satisfactory psychometric characteristics and confirmed the scale's unidimensional properties. The seven FCV-19S items had acceptable correlations with the test total (from .443 to .784). Furthermore, the loadings on the factor were significant and strong (from .684 to .897). The internal consistency was very good (\u03b1 = .871). Construct validity for the FCV-19S was supported by significant and positive correlations with the HADS (r=.649) and SMSP-A (r=.703). The Italian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale is valid and reliable in assessing fear of COVID-19 among the general Italian population."}, {"pmid": 32518105, "title": "Rehabilitation after COVID-19: an evidence-based approach.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Wade, Derick T"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518105", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After severe COVID-19 disease, many patients will experience a variety of problems with normal functioning and will require rehabilitation services to overcome these problems. The principles of and evidence on rehabilitation will allow an effective response. These include a simple screening process; use of a multi-disciplinary expert team; four evidence-based classes of intervention (exercise, practice, psychosocial support, and education particularly about self-management); and a range of tailored interventions for other problems. The large number of COVID-19 patients needing rehabilitation coupled with the backlog remaining from the crisis will challenge existing services. The principles underpinning vital service reconfigurations needed are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32305439, "pmcid": "PMC7161488", "title": "Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: Multicenter case series of 22 patients.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Marzano, Angelo Valerio", "Genovese, Giovanni", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Pigatto, Paolo", "Monfrecola, Giuseppe", "Piraccini, Bianca Maria", "Veraldi, Stefano", "Rubegni, Pietro", "Cusini, Marco", "Caputo, Valentina", "Rongioletti, Franco", "Berti, Emilio", "Calzavara-Pinton, Piergiacomo"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305439", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224308, "pmcid": "PMC7118539", "title": "Understanding COVID-19: what does viral RNA load really mean?", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Joynt, Gavin M", "Wu, William Kk"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224308", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32477419, "pmcid": "PMC7233295", "title": "Psoriasis, biologic therapy, and the pandemic of the 21st century.", "journal": "Drugs Context", "authors": ["Nogueira, Miguel", "Vender, Ron", "Torres, Tiago"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32477419", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic known as coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has quickly spread worldwide, with a significant impact on lives all over the world. The complexity related to the new coronavirus and the clinical syndrome it causes is not yet fully understood. The impact of COVID-19 on patients with psoriasis under biologic agents is continuously being observed in this rapidly changing pandemic. A case-by-case evaluation must be made by dermatologists, and the final decision should be discussed and decided by both the patient and the specialist. Observations reveal that immunosuppressive therapy may have a role in the treatment of this virus, placing emphasis on the scenario of safety through maintenance of therapy with biologic agents, especially when there are no signs or symptoms related to the infection or contact with an infected patient."}, {"pmid": 32370141, "title": "Ebola, Zika, Corona...What Is Next for Our World?", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Khubchandani, Jagdish", "Jordan, Timothy R", "Yang, Y Tony"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the past century, there have been several pandemics. Within the context of global health, these pandemics have often been viewed from the lens of determinants such as population, poverty, and pollution. With an ever-changing world and the COVID-19 pandemic, the current global determinants of public health need to be expanded. In this editorial, we explore and redefine the major determinants of global public health to prevent future pandemics. Policymakers and global leaders should keep at heart the determinants suggested hereby in any planning, implementation, and evaluation of efforts to improve global public health and prevent pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32271454, "title": "Utilizing integrating network pharmacological approaches to investigate the potential mechanism of Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction in treating COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Wang, Y-X", "Ma, J-R", "Wang, S-Q", "Zeng, Y-Q", "Zhou, C-Y", "Ru, Y-H", "Zhang, L", "Lu, Z-G", "Wu, M-H", "Li, H"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271454", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Beginning in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to 2019-nCoV infection, emerged in Wuhan and spread rapidly throughout China and even worldwide. Employing combined therapy of modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine has been proposed, in which Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction (MXSGD) was recommended as a basic prescription and applied widely in the clinical treatment of COVID-19. We investigated the underlying mechanism of MXSGD in treating COVID-19 utilizing the approaches of integrating network pharmacology. A total of 97 active ingredients of MXSGD were screened out, and 169 targets were predicted. The protein-protein interaction network exhibited hub targets of MXSGD, such as Heat shock protein 90, RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase, Transcription factor AP-1, Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, Cellular tumor antigen p53, Vascular endothelial growth factor A, and Tumour necrosis factor. Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the biological processes altered within the body after taking MXSGD were closely related to the regulation of such processes as the acute inflammatory response, chemokine production, vascular permeability, response to oxygen radicals, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, T cell differentiation involved in the immune response, immunoglobulin secretion, and extracellular matrix disassembly. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the targets of MXSGD were significantly enriched in inflammation-related pathways, immunomodulation-related pathways, and viral infection-related pathways. The therapeutic mechanisms of MXSGD on COVID-19 may primarily involve the following effects: reducing inflammation, suppressing cytokine storm, protecting the pulmonary alveolar-capillary barrier, alleviating pulmonary edema, regulating the immune response, and decreasing fever."}, {"pmid": 32501513, "title": "How to Rapidly Determine First-in-Children Dosing for COVID-19 Therapeutics.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Watt, Kevin M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501513", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213232, "pmcid": "PMC7218177", "title": "An effective model for the outpatient management of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Xiao, Yuanyuan", "Tan, Caixia", "Duan, Juping", "Wu, Anhua", "Li, Chunhui"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213232", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423452, "pmcid": "PMC7234445", "title": "Logistic and organizational aspects of a dedicated intensive care unit for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Vargas, Maria", "De Marco, Giuseppe", "De Simone, Stefania", "Servillo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423452", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215535, "title": "Immediate Health Surveillance Response to COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Croda, Julio Henrique Rosa", "Garcia, Leila Posenato"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215535", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407045, "title": "Covid-19 brings the world economy to its knees.", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Fagoonee, Indurlall", "Pellicano, Rinaldo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407045", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32167525, "title": "From Containment to Mitigation of COVID-19 in the US.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Parodi, Stephen M", "Liu, Vincent X"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167525", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32290293, "pmcid": "PMC7177898", "title": "A Review of SARS-CoV-2 and the Ongoing Clinical Trials.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Tu, Yung-Fang", "Chien, Chian-Shiu", "Yarmishyn, Aliaksandr A", "Lin, Yi-Ying", "Luo, Yung-Hung", "Lin, Yi-Tsung", "Lai, Wei-Yi", "Yang, De-Ming", "Chou, Shih-Jie", "Yang, Yi-Ping", "Wang, Mong-Lien", "Chiou, Shih-Hwa"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290293", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The sudden outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, later named SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, which rapidly grew into a global pandemic, marked the third introduction of a virulent coronavirus into the human society, affecting not only the healthcare system, but also the global economy. Although our understanding of coronaviruses has undergone a huge leap after two precedents, the effective approaches to treatment and epidemiological control are still lacking. In this article, we present a succinct overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular characteristics of SARS-CoV-2. We summarize the current epidemiological and clinical data from the initial Wuhan studies, and emphasize several features of SARS-CoV-2, which differentiate it from SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), such as high variability of disease presentation. We systematize the current clinical trials that have been rapidly initiated after the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas the trials on SARS-CoV-2 genome-based specific vaccines and therapeutic antibodies are currently being tested, this solution is more long-term, as they require thorough testing of their safety. On the other hand, the repurposing of the existing therapeutic agents previously designed for other virus infections and pathologies happens to be the only practical approach as a rapid response measure to the emergent pandemic, as most of these agents have already been tested for their safety. These agents can be divided into two broad categories, those that can directly target the virus replication cycle, and those based on immunotherapy approaches either aimed to boost innate antiviral immune responses or alleviate damage induced by dysregulated inflammatory responses. The initial clinical studies revealed the promising therapeutic potential of several of such drugs, including favipiravir, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that interferes with the viral replication, and hydroxychloroquine, the repurposed antimalarial drug that interferes with the virus endosomal entry pathway. We speculate that the current pandemic emergency will be a trigger for more systematic drug repurposing design approaches based on big data analysis."}, {"pmid": 32401716, "pmcid": "PMC7211499", "title": "Sharpening the global focus on ethnicity and race in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Bhala, Neeraj", "Curry, Gwenetta", "Martineau, Adrian R", "Agyemang, Charles", "Bhopal, Raj"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401716", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297718, "title": "Keep Socially (but Not Physically) Connected and Carry on: Preventing Suicide in the Age of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Psychiatry", "authors": ["Courtet, Philippe", "Olie, Emilie", "Debien, Christophe", "Vaiva, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297718", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386189, "title": "ACE Ins/Del genetic polymorphism and epidemiological findings in COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Delanghe, Joris R", "Speeckaert, Marijn M", "De Buyzere, Marc L"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386189", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445165, "pmcid": "PMC7244400", "title": "Does this patient have COVID-19? A practical guide for the internist.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Bertolino, Lorenzo", "Vitrone, Martina", "Durante-Mangoni, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445165", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently causing a pandemic and will likely persist in endemic form in the foreseeable future. Physicians need to correctly approach this new disease, often representing a challenge in terms of differential diagnosis. Although COVID-19 lacks specific signs and symptoms, we believe internists should develop specific skills to recognize the disease, learning its 'semeiotic'. In this review article, we summarize the key clinical features that may guide in differentiating a COVID-19 case, requiring specific testing, from upper respiratory and/or influenza-like illnesses of other aetiology. We consider two different clinical settings, where availability of the different diagnostic strategies differs widely: outpatient and inpatient. Our reasoning highlights how challenging a balanced approach to a patient with fever and flu-like symptoms can be. At present, clinical workup of COVID-19 remains a hard task to accomplish. However, knowledge of the natural history of the disease may aid the internist in putting common and unspecific symptoms into the correct clinical context."}, {"pmid": 32247518, "pmcid": "PMC7270810", "title": "COVID-19 and Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine: is there Ophthalmological Concern?", "journal": "Am J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Marmor, Michael F"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247518", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401460, "title": "Is the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic an Indication to Temporarily Modify Dermatological Management Plans?", "journal": "J Drugs Dermatol", "authors": ["Shanshal, Mohammed"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336594, "pmcid": "PMC7164855", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak: An elusive enemy.", "journal": "Respir Investig", "authors": ["Kikuchi, Toshiaki"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336594", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, officially termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China, toward the end of 2019. Just four months later, more than 100,000 people were diagnosed with COVID-19, the resulting disease. The genetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 revealed that this virus is a new Betacoronavirus, closely related to bat-derived SARS-like coronaviruses. Clinical data from hospitals in China have revealed that approximately 10% of the infected patients have severe disease requiring intensive care. Since containment of the outbreak may have partially failed due to asymptomatic transmission, it is imperative to accelerate the development of rapid point-of-care diagnostic tests, vaccines, and therapeutics for the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32408923, "pmcid": "PMC7253762", "title": "Facepiece filtering respirators with exhalation valve should not be used in the community to limit SARS-CoV-2 diffusion.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Ippolito, Mariachiara", "Iozzo, Pasquale", "Gregoretti, Cesare", "Grasselli, Giacomo", "Cortegiani, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408923", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527653, "title": "Fecal Calprotectin and RT-PCR from both nasopharyngeal swab and stool samples prior to treatment decision in IBD patients during CoVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Younes, Cherradi"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527653", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487869, "title": "COVID-19 and myocardial injury: is there a role for interleukin-1 inhibition?", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)", "authors": ["Imazio, Massimo", "Andreis, Alessandro", "De Ferrari, Gaetano Maria"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487869", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497914, "pmcid": "PMC7211651", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Insights from a British cardiac center.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Abdelaziz, Hesham K", "Abdelrahman, Amr", "Nabi, Amjad", "Debski, Maciej", "Mentias, Amgad", "Choudhury, Tawfiq", "Patel, Billal", "Saad, Marwan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497914", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current study aimed to examine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patient-related delay with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) at a tertiary center in the United Kingdom. The study demonstrated a significant delay in symptom-to-first medical contact and a higher cardiac troponin-I level on admission in patients with STEMI during the COVID-19 pandemic versus the pre-COVID era."}, {"pmid": 32420458, "pmcid": "PMC7223346", "title": "The covid-19 outbreak: a Chinese school student's life in isolation for 73 days.", "journal": "BMJ Paediatr Open", "authors": ["Duan, Surong"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420458", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232474, "pmcid": "PMC7184325", "title": "Human Challenge Studies to Accelerate Coronavirus Vaccine Licensure.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Eyal, Nir", "Lipsitch, Marc", "Smith, Peter G"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232474", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Controlled human challenge trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates could accelerate the testing and potential rollout of efficacious vaccines. By replacing conventional phase 3 testing of vaccine candidates, such trials may subtract many months from the licensure process, making efficacious vaccines available more quickly. Obviously, challenging volunteers with this live virus risks inducing severe disease and possibly even death. However, we argue that such studies, by accelerating vaccine evaluation, could reduce the global burden of coronavirus-related mortality and morbidity. Volunteers in such studies could autonomously authorize the risks to themselves, and their net risk could be acceptable if participants comprise healthy young adults, who are at relatively low risk of serious disease following natural infection, if they have a high baseline risk of natural infection, and if during the trial they receive frequent monitoring and, following any infection, the best available care."}, {"pmid": 32249538, "title": "COVID-19 and urology: a comprehensive review of the literature.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Puliatti, Stefano", "Eissa, Ahmed", "Eissa, Radwa", "Amato, Marco", "Mazzone, Elio", "Dell'Oglio, Paolo", "Sighinolfi, Maria Chiara", "Zoeir, Ahmed", "Micali, Salvatore", "Bianchi, Giampaolo", "Patel, Vipul", "Wiklund, Peter", "Coelho, Rafael F", "Bernhard, Jean-Christophe", "Dasgupta, Prokar", "Mottrie, Alexandre", "Rocco, Bernardo"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss the impact of COVID-19 on global health, particularly on urological practice and to review some of the available recommendations reported in the literature. In the current narrative review the PubMed database was searched to identify all the related reports discussing the impact of COVID-19 on the urological field. The COVID-19 pandemic is the latest and biggest global health threat. Medical and surgical priorities have changed dramatically to cope with the current challenge. These changes include postponements of all elective outpatient visits and surgical procedures to save facilities and resources for urgent cases and patients with COVID-19 patients. This review discuss some of the related changes in urology. Over the coming weeks, healthcare workers including urologists will be facing increasingly difficult challenges, and consequently, they should adopt triage strategy to avoid wasting of medical resources and they should endorse sufficient protection policies to guard against infection when dealing with COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32291076, "pmcid": "PMC7144854", "title": "EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 inhibits ACE2 expression.", "journal": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun", "authors": ["Li, Yuanyuan", "Li, Honggang", "Zhou, Liquan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291076", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is spreading globally and quickly, leading to emerging health issues. SARS-CoV-2 enters into and infects host cells through its spike glycoprotein recognizing the cell receptor Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2). Here, we noticed that ACE2 was further enhanced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Human germ cells and early embryos express high level of ACE2. Notably, RNA-seq result showed that reduction of H3K27me3, but not H3K4/9/36me3, led to upregulation of Ace2 expression in mouse germ cell line GC-2. In agreement with this result, we found in human embryonic stem cells that ACE2 expression was significantly increased in absence of EZH2, the major enzyme catalyzing H3K27me3. ChIP-seq analysis further confirmed decrease of H3K27me3 signal and increase of H3K27ac signal at ACE2 promoter upon EZH2 knockout. Therefore, we propose that EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 at ACE2 promoter region inhibits ACE2 expression in mammalian cells. This regulatory pattern may also exist in other human cells and tissues. Our discovery provides clues for pathogenesis and targeted drug therapy towards ACE2 expression for prevention and adjuvant therapy of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32476285, "title": "Expedited SARS-CoV-2 Screening of Donors and Recipients Supports Continued Solid Organ Transplant.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Lieberman, Joshua A", "Mays, James A", "Wells, Candy", "Cent, Anne", "Bell, Deborah", "Bankson, Daniel D", "Greninger, Alex L", "Jerome, Keith R", "Limaye, Ajit P"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476285", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Universal screening of potential organ donors and recipients for SARS-CoV-2 is now recommended prior to transplantation in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Challenges have included limited testing capacity, short windows of organ viability, brief lead time for notification of potential organ recipients, and the need to test lower respiratory donor specimens to optimize sensitivity. In an early US epicenter of the outbreak, we designed and implemented a system to expedite this testing and here report results from the first three weeks. The process included a Laboratory Medicine designee for communication with organ recovery and transplant clinical staff, specialized sample labeling and handoff, and priority processing. Thirty-two organs recovered from 14 of 17 screened donors were transplanted versus 70 recovered from 23 donors during the same period in 2019. No pre-transplant or organ donors tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Median turnaround time from specimen receipt was 6.8h (donors), 6.5h (recipients): 4.5h faster than daily inpatient median. No organ recoveries or transplants were disrupted by a lack of SARS-CoV-2 testing. Waitlist inactivations for COVID-19 precautions were reduced in our region. Systems that include specialized ordering pathways and adequate testing capacity can support continued organ transplantation even in a SARS-CoV-2 hyperendemic area."}, {"pmid": 32371811, "pmcid": "PMC7236844", "title": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers and coronavirus.", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Verdecchia, Paolo", "Angeli, Fabio", "Reboldi, Gianpaolo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371811", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498696, "pmcid": "PMC7269898", "title": "COVID-19 preclinical models: human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice.", "journal": "Hum Genomics", "authors": ["Lutz, Cathleen", "Maher, Leigh", "Lee, Charles", "Kang, Wonyoung"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498696", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a declared pandemic that is spreading all over the world at a dreadfully fast rate. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen of COVID-19, infects the human body using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor identical to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic that occurred in 2002-2003. SARS-CoV-2 has a higher binding affinity to human ACE2 than to that of other species. Animal models that mimic the human disease are highly essential to develop therapeutics and vaccines against COVID-19. Here, we review transgenic mice that express human ACE2 in the airway and other epithelia and have shown to develop a rapidly lethal infection after intranasal inoculation with SARS-CoV, the pathogen of SARS. This literature review aims to present the importance of utilizing the human ACE2 transgenic mouse model to better understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and develop both therapeutics and vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32420518, "pmcid": "PMC7224164", "title": "Bracing the storm: infection control for endoscopy trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.", "journal": "VideoGIE", "authors": ["Al-Kazraji, Ahmed", "Ahmed, Moiz", "Singh, Bhanu", "Syed, Umer", "Gurram, Krishna C"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420518", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242891, "pmcid": "PMC7184341", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and cardiac imaging: EACVI recommendations on precautions, indications, prioritization, and protection for patients and healthcare personnel.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Skulstad, Helge", "Cosyns, Bernard", "Popescu, Bogdan A", "Galderisi, Maurizio", "Salvo, Giovanni Di", "Donal, Erwan", "Petersen, Steffen", "Gimelli, Alessia", "Haugaa, Kristina H", "Muraru, Denisa", "Almeida, Ana G", "Schulz-Menger, Jeanette", "Dweck, Marc R", "Pontone, Gianluca", "Sade, Leyla Elif", "Gerber, Bernhard", "Maurovich-Horvat, Pal", "Bharucha, Tara", "Cameli, Matteo", "Magne, Julien", "Westwood, Mark", "Maurer, Gerald", "Edvardsen, Thor"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242891", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283143, "pmcid": "PMC7195393", "title": "Arbidol monotherapy is superior to lopinavir/ritonavir in treating COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhu, Zhen", "Lu, Zhaohui", "Xu, Tianmin", "Chen, Cong", "Yang, Gang", "Zha, Tao", "Lu, Jianchun", "Xue, Yuan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283143", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol have been previously used to treat acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication in clinical practice; nevertheless, their effectiveness remains controversial. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral effects and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol in patients with the 2019-nCoV disease (COVID-19). Fifty patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were divided into two groups: including lopinavir/ritonavir group (34 cases) and arbidol group (16 cases). Lopinavir/ritonavir group received 400\u00a0mg/100mg of Lopinavir/ritonavir, twice a day for a week, while the arbidol group was given 0.2\u00a0g arbidol, three times a day. Data from these patients were retrospectively analyzed. The cycle threshold values of open reading frame 1ab and nucleocapsid genes by RT-PCR assay were monitored during antiviral therapy. None of the patients developed severe pneumonia or ARDS. There was no difference in fever duration between the two groups (P=0.61). On day 14 after the admission, no viral load was detected in arbidol group, but the viral load was found in 15(44.1%) patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir. Patients in the arbidol group had a shorter duration of positive RNA test compared to those in the lopinavir/ritonavir group (P<0.01). Moreover, no apparent side effects were found in both groups. In conclusion, our data indicate that arbidol monotherapy may be superior to lopinavir/ritonavir in treating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32442491, "pmcid": "PMC7237186", "title": "Water, climate change, and COVID-19: prioritising those in water-stressed settings.", "journal": "Lancet Planet Health", "authors": ["Armitage, Richard", "Nellums, Laura B"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442491", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32064855, "title": "[Analysis of the first cluster of cases in a family of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Gansu Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Bai, S L", "Wang, J Y", "Zhou, Y Q", "Yu, D S", "Gao, X M", "Li, L L", "Yang, F"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32064855", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemiological history and clinical characteristics of 7 cases of COVID-19 and 1 case of close contact in the first family aggregation epidemic of COVID-19 in Gansu Province were analyzed. The first patient A developed on January 22, 2020, with a history of residence in Wuhan, and confirmed severe cases of NCP on January 24, 2020; patient B, on January 23, 2020, diagnosed on January 31, severe cases; patient C, asymptomatic, diagnosed on January 27; patient D, asymptomatic, diagnosed on January 27; patient E, on January 24, diagnosed on January 28; patient F, asymptomatic, diagnosed on January 31; Patient G was asymptomatic and was diagnosed on January 31. In close contact, H was asymptomatic, PCR test was negative and asymptomatic, and he was discharged early. Among the 7 patients, 1 case died of (B) aggravation, and the other patients' condition was effectively controlled after active treatment. Except for the discharged cases, 5 cases were positive for COVID-19 specific IgM antibody and 1 case was negative. In this clustering outbreak, 4 patients remained asymptomatic, but PCR and IgM antibodies were positive, indicating that asymptomatic patients may be the key point to control the epidemic. Specific IgM antibody screening for patients whose pharyngeal swab nucleic acid test is negative but with ground glass-like lung lesions is very important for early detection and early isolation."}, {"pmid": 32293831, "pmcid": "PMC7195980", "title": "Critically-ill COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Halacli, Burcin", "Kaya, Akin", "Topeli, Arzu"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293831", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stands out as the major pandemic that we have experienced in the last century. As it affects every social structure, it brought the importance of intensive care support once again to the agenda of healthcare system after causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. The precautions to be taken against this virus, where our knowledge is extremely small, intensive care units take an indispensable place in pandemic planning. In this review, we aimed to emphasize the crucial points regarding intensive care management of COVID-19 patients, which we have written not only for intensivists but also for all healthcare professionals."}, {"pmid": 32099716, "pmcid": "PMC7031771", "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions", "journal": "J Sport Health Sci", "authors": ["Chen, Peijie", "Mao, Lijuan", "Nassis, George P", "Harmer, Peter", "Ainsworth, Barbara E", "Li, Fuzhong"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32099716", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243318, "pmcid": "PMC7202100", "title": "COVID-19: emergency medicine perspectives from Hong Kong.", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Hung, Kevin K C", "Walline, Joseph H", "Graham, Colin A"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243318", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188602, "title": "Covid-19: all non-urgent elective surgery is suspended for at least three months in England.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188602", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426388, "pmcid": "PMC7233213", "title": "Computation screening of narcissoside a glycosyloxyflavone for potential novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) inhibitor.", "journal": "Biomed J", "authors": ["Dubey, Kushagra", "Dubey, Raghvendra"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426388", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present study demonstrates the potential of flavanoid narcissoside against the novel corona virus (COVID-19) complications using molecular docking studies. The computation molecular docking screening was performed using Molegro Virtual Docker software (MVD) with grid resolution of 30\u00a0\u00c5. Protein of COVID 19 virus was taken from protein data bank. The standard inhibitor X77 (N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-N-[(1R)-2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxo-1-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide) identified from the protein inhibitor complex 6W63 from protein data bank was docked with COVID 19 protein 6W63 which showed MolDock score of -156.913, rerank Sore -121.296 and H Bond -5.7369, while the flavanoid narcissoside had showed MolDock score -180.739, Rerank Sore -137.092 and H Bond -18.6771. The narcissoside showed potent inhibitory effect which is greater than standard X77. The result showed that narcissoside have high affinity towards 6W63 as it showed thirteen hydrogen bonds with nine amino acids (Arg 188, Glu 166, His 164, Cys 145 (2 bonds), Asn 14 (2 bonds), Cys 44 (2 bonds), His 41 (2 bonds), Gln 192, Thr 190) while X777 showed four hydrogen bonds with amino acids (Gly 143, Cys 145, Glu 166, Ser 144). From computation approach it was concluded that narcissoside is a potent inhibitor of viral COVID 19 protein 6W63. The narcissoside have high affinity and inhibition potential than standard inhibitor X77 (N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-N-[(1R)-2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxo-1-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide). The narcissoside predicted as more potent inhibitor which can be further optimize, pharmacologically and clinically evaluated for the treatment of novel coronavirus COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32516752, "title": "Promoting Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Obesity and Chronic Disease Management.", "journal": "J Phys Act Health", "authors": ["Hudson, Geoffrey M", "Sprow, Kyle"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503864, "title": "Covid-19: transforming healthcare will require collaboration and innovative policies.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wong, Eliza Lai-Yi", "Yeoh, Eng-Kiong", "Dong, Dong"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503864", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32264974, "pmcid": "PMC7137403", "title": "Practice of novel method of bedside postpyloric tube placement in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Yuan, Shou-Tao", "Zhang, Wen-Hao", "Zou, Lei", "Sun, Jia-Kui", "Liu, Ying", "Shi, Qian-Kun"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264974", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445400, "title": "Can Colchicine as an Old Anti-Inflammatory Agent Be Effective in COVID-19?", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Nasiripour, Somayyeh", "Zamani, Farhad", "Farasatinasab, Maryam"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445400", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519809, "title": "What we know so far about Coronavirus Disease 2019 in children: A meta-analysis of 551 laboratory-confirmed cases.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Zhang, Linjie", "Peres, Tyele G", "Silva, Marcus V F", "Camargos, Paulo"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519809", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To summarize what we know so far about coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children. We searched PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information from 1 January\u00a02020 to 4 May\u00a02020. We selected randomized trials, observational studies, case series or case reports, and research letters of children ages birth to 18 years with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses to calculate the weighted mean prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) or the weighted average means and 95% CI. Forty-six articles reporting 551 cases of COVID-19 in children (aged 1 day-17.5\u00a0years) were included. Eighty-seven percent (95% CI: 77%-95%) of patients had household exposure to COVID-19. The most common symptoms and signs were fever (53%, 95% CI: 45%-61%), cough (39%, 95% CI: 30%-47%), and sore throat/pharyngeal erythema (14%, 95% CI: 4%-28%); however, 18% (95% CI: 11%-27%) of cases were asymptomatic. The most common radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings were patchy consolidations (33%, 95% CI:\u00a023%-43%) and ground glass opacities (28%, 95% CI: 18%-39%), but 36% (95% CI: 28%-45%) of patients had normal CT images. Antiviral agents were given to 74% of patients (95% CI:\u00a052%-92%). Six patients, all with major underlying medical conditions, needed invasive mechanical ventilation, and one of them died. Previously healthy children with COVID-19 have mild symptoms. The diagnosis is generally suspected from history of household exposure to COVID-19 case. Children with COVID-19 and major underlying condition are more likely to have severe/critical disease and poor prognosis, even death."}, {"pmid": 32338707, "pmcid": "PMC7197611", "title": "Acute pulmonary embolism in conjunction with intramural right ventricular thrombus in a SARS-CoV-2-positive patient.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Sulemane, Samir", "Baltabaeva, Aigul", "Barron, Anthony J", "Chester, Ruth", "Rahman-Haley, Shelley"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338707", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520740, "title": "Navigating the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from Global Surgery.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Ullrich, Sarah", "Cheung, Maija", "Namugga, Martha", "Sion, Melanie", "Ozgediz, Doruk", "Yoo, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520740", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491888, "pmcid": "PMC7241685", "title": "Asymptotic estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infection counts and their sensitivity to stochastic perturbation.", "journal": "Chaos", "authors": ["Faranda, Davide", "Castillo, Isaac Perez", "Hulme, Oliver", "Jezequel, Aglae", "Lamb, Jeroen S W", "Sato, Yuzuru", "Thompson, Erica L"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491888", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the importance of having robust estimates of the time-asymptotic total number of infections, early estimates of COVID-19 show enormous fluctuations. Using COVID-19 data from different countries, we show that predictions are extremely sensitive to the reporting protocol and crucially depend on the last available data point before the maximum number of daily infections is reached. We propose a physical explanation for this sensitivity, using a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered model, where the parameters are stochastically perturbed to simulate the difficulty in detecting patients, different confinement measures taken by different countries, as well as changes in the virus characteristics. Our results suggest that there are physical and statistical reasons to assign low confidence to statistical and dynamical fits, despite their apparently good statistical scores. These considerations are general and can be applied to other epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32346663, "pmcid": "PMC7186130", "title": "A simple model for COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Arino, Julien", "Portet, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346663", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An \n                        \n                            S\n                            \n                                L\n                                1\n                            \n                            \n                                L\n                                2\n                            \n                            \n                                I\n                                1\n                            \n                            \n                                I\n                                2\n                            \n                            \n                                A\n                                1\n                            \n                            \n                                A\n                                2\n                            \n                            R\n                        \n                     epidemic model is formulated that describes the spread of an epidemic in a population. The model incorporates an Erlang distribution of times of sojourn in incubating, symptomatically and asymptomatically infectious compartments. Basic properties of the model are explored, with focus on properties important in the context of current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32426028, "pmcid": "PMC7227542", "title": "Teleconsultation-mediated nasoalveolar molding therapy for babies with cleft lip/palate during the COVID-19 outbreak: Implementing change at pandemic speed.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Denadai, Rafael", "Lo, Lun-Jou"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426028", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360140, "pmcid": "PMC7190514", "title": "Bee venom and SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Toxicon", "authors": ["Yang, Wei", "Hu, Fu-Liang", "Xu, Xiao-Feng"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360140", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283063, "pmcid": "PMC7151356", "title": "A Call to Action: The Need for Autopsies to Determine the Full Extent of Organ Involvement Associated With COVID-19.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Barth, Rolf F", "Xu, Xinyang", "Buja, L Maximilian"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283063", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314808, "title": "Comment on Li et al.: COVID-19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Leung, Char"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314808", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345581, "title": "Covid-19: UK's chief scientific officer defends make up of advisory group.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Feinmann, Jane"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345581", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488203, "pmcid": "PMC7265161", "title": "Author Correction: Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Merad, Miriam", "Martin, Jerome C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488203", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32429681, "pmcid": "PMC7240310", "title": "COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Pandemic: Information Sources Channels for the Public Health Awareness.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Ali, Muhammad Yousuf", "Bhatti, Rubina"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429681", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The main purpose of this paper is to highlight the important information sources of the Public Health awareness used by the library and information sources in this Pandemic situation. Social distancing phase Information professional used a different medium to connect with their patron and try to serve the best manner. The role of the information professional in health information and health literacy is very vital. Information professional public health awareness information with the library patrons and the general public. In this paper, the researchers provide a brief introduction to different information channel support in information dissemination."}, {"pmid": 32416074, "pmcid": "PMC7211627", "title": "A Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to SARS-CoV-2 Contains Natural Insertions at the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the Spike Protein.", "journal": "Curr Biol", "authors": ["Zhou, Hong", "Chen, Xing", "Hu, Tao", "Li, Juan", "Song, Hao", "Liu, Yanran", "Wang, Peihan", "Liu, Di", "Yang, Jing", "Holmes, Edward C", "Hughes, Alice C", "Bi, Yuhai", "Shi, Weifeng"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416074", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The unprecedented pandemic of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in China and beyond has had major public health impacts on a global scale [1, 2]. Although bats are regarded as the most likely natural hosts for SARS-CoV-2 [3], the origins of the virus remain unclear. Here, we report a novel bat-derived coronavirus, denoted RmYN02, identified from a metagenomic analysis of samples from 227 bats collected from Yunnan Province in China between May and October 2019. Notably, RmYN02 shares 93.3% nucleotide identity with SARS-CoV-2 at the scale of the complete virus genome and 97.2% identity in the 1ab gene, in which it is the closest relative of SARS-CoV-2 reported to date. In contrast, RmYN02 showed low sequence identity (61.3%) to SARS-CoV-2 in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and might not bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Critically, and in a similar manner to SARS-CoV-2, RmYN02 was characterized by the insertion of multiple amino acids at the junction site of the S1 and S2 subunits of the spike (S) protein. This provides strong evidence that such insertion events can occur naturally in animal betacoronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32097725, "pmcid": "PMC7110591", "title": "Estimation of the reproductive number of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and the probable outbreak size on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: A data-driven analysis.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Sheng", "Diao, MengYuan", "Yu, Wenbo", "Pei, Lei", "Lin, Zhaofen", "Chen, Dechang"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32097725", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Up to February 16, 2020, 355 cases have been confirmed as having COVID-19 infection on the Diamond Princess cruise ship. It is of crucial importance to estimate the reproductive number (R0) of the novel virus in the early stage of outbreak and make a prediction of daily new cases on the ship. We fitted the reported serial interval (mean and standard deviation) with a gamma distribution and applied \"earlyR\" package in R to estimate the R0 in the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak. We applied \"projections\" package in R to simulate the plausible cumulative epidemic trajectories and future daily incidence by fitting the data of existing daily incidence, a serial interval distribution, and the estimated R0 into a model based on the assumption that daily incidence obeys approximately Poisson distribution determined by daily infectiousness. The Maximum-Likelihood (ML) value of R0 was 2.28 for COVID-19 outbreak at the early stage on the ship. The median with 95% confidence interval (CI) of R0 values was 2.28 (2.06-2.52) estimated by the bootstrap resampling method. The probable number of new cases for the next ten days would gradually increase, and the estimated cumulative cases would reach 1514 (1384-1656) at the tenth day in the future. However, if R0 value was reduced by 25% and 50%, the estimated total number of cumulative cases would be reduced to 1081 (981-1177) and 758 (697-817), respectively. The median with 95% CI of R0 of COVID-19 was about 2.28 (2.06-2.52) during the early stage experienced on the Diamond Princess cruise ship. The future daily incidence and probable outbreak size is largely dependent on the change of R0. Unless strict infection management and control are taken, our findings indicate the potential of COVID-19 to cause greater outbreak on the ship."}, {"pmid": 32319434, "title": "[CoViD-19 and PPE: some of us will die because of the shortage.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Mandrola, John"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319434", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The shortage of personal protective equipment exposes doctors and nurses to the risk of being infected by CoViD-19. Hospital managers and administrators ask healthcare professionals not to talk about the problem. In this way, however, the problem is enormously underestimated. It is unthinkable, explains the author, that your profession as a health worker can risk taking your life."}, {"pmid": 32483314, "pmcid": "PMC7262486", "title": "COVID-19: organoids go viral.", "journal": "Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol", "authors": ["Clevers, Hans"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483314", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387247, "pmcid": "PMC7200355", "title": "Enhanced ECG monitoring of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Jain, Shashank", "Workman, Virginia", "Ganeshan, Raj", "Obasare, Edinrin R", "Burr, Alicia", "DeBiasi, Ralph M", "Freeman, James V", "Akar, Joseph", "Lampert, Rachel", "Rosenfeld, Lynda E"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387247", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many of the drugs being used in the treatment of the ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are associated with QT prolongation. Expert guidance supports electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring to optimize patient safety. The purpose of this study was to establish an enhanced process for ECG monitoring of patients being treated for COVID-19. We created a Situation Background Assessment Recommendation tool identifying the indication for ECGs in COVID-19 patients and tagged these ECGs to ensure prompt over reading and identification of those with QT prolongation (corrected QT interval > 470 ms for QRS duration \u2264 120 ms; corrected QT interval >\u00a0500 ms for QRS duration > 120 ms). This triggered a phone call from the electrophysiology service to the primary team to provide management guidance and a formal consultation if requested. During a 2-week period, we reviewed 2006 ECGs, corresponding to 524 unique patients, of whom 103 (19.7%) met the Situation Background Assessment Recommendation tool-defined criteria for QT prolongation. Compared with those without QT prolongation, these patients were more often in the intensive care unit (58.3% vs 35.4%) and more likely to be intubated (31.1% vs 18.1%). Fifty patients with QT prolongation (48.5%) had electrolyte abnormalities, 98 (95.1%) were on COVID-19-related QT-prolonging medications, and 62 (60.2%) were on 1-4 additional non-COVID-19-related QT-prolonging drugs. Electrophysiology recommendations were given to limit modifiable risk factors. No patient developed torsades de pointes. This process functioned efficiently, identified a high percentage of patients with QT prolongation, and led to relevant interventions. Arrhythmias were rare. No patient developed torsades de pointes."}, {"pmid": 32207256, "pmcid": "PMC7183836", "title": "Key Considerations for Radiologists When Diagnosing the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Lei, Pinggui", "Mao, Jujiang", "Huang, Zhaoshu", "Liu, Guoli", "Wang, Pingxian", "Song, Wen"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207256", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331770, "pmcid": "PMC7144596", "title": "Novel Coronavirus and Related Public Health Interventions Are Negatively Impacting Mental Health Services.", "journal": "Psychosomatics", "authors": ["Simpson, Scott A", "Dumas, Audrey", "McDowell, Anna K", "Westmoreland, Patricia"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331770", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338605, "pmcid": "PMC7213974", "title": "Kallikrein-kinin blockade in patients with COVID-19 to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["van de Veerdonk, Frank L", "Netea, Mihai G", "van Deuren, Marcel", "van der Meer, Jos Wm", "de Mast, Quirijn", "Bruggemann, Roger J", "van der Hoeven, Hans"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338605", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 patients can present with pulmonary edema early in disease. We propose that this is due to a local vascular problem because of activation of bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) and B2R on endothelial cells in the lungs. SARS-CoV-2 enters the cell via ACE2 that next to its role in RAAS is needed to inactivate des-Arg9 bradykinin, the potent ligand of the B1R. Without ACE2 acting as a guardian to inactivate the ligands of B1R, the lung environment is prone for local vascular leakage leading to angioedema. Here, we hypothesize that a kinin-dependent local lung angioedema via B1R and eventually B2R is an important feature of COVID-19. We propose that blocking the B2R and inhibiting plasma kallikrein activity might have an ameliorating effect on early disease caused by COVID-19 and might prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition, this pathway might indirectly be responsive to anti-inflammatory agents."}, {"pmid": 32490889, "title": "Coagulation modifiers targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease Mpro for COVID-19 treatment: an in silico approach.", "journal": "Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz", "authors": ["Biembengut, Isis Venturi", "de Souza, Tatiana de Arruda Campos Brasil"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490889", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection depends on viral polyprotein processing, catalysed by the main proteinase (Mpro). The solution of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro structure allowed the investigation of potential inhibitors. This work aims to provide first evidences of the applicability of commercially approved drugs to treat coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). We screened 4,334 compounds to found potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication using an in silico approach. Our results evidenced the potential use of coagulation modifiers in COVID-19 treatment due to the structural similarity of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and human coagulation factors thrombin and Factor Xa. Further in vitro and in vivo analysis are needed to corroborate these results."}, {"pmid": 32471825, "title": "Covid-19: ensuring equality of access to testing for ethnic minorities.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dodds, Catherine", "Fakoya, Ibidun"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471825", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481380, "title": "Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for Coronavirus disease 2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Yang, Maoyi", "Hu, Zhipeng", "Yue, Rensong"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481380", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is no specific cure for this disease, and the clinical management mainly depends on supportive treatment. Traditional Chinese medicines (CHM) is widely used in treating COVID-19 in China. A comprehensive literature search will be conducted. Two methodological trained researchers will read the title, abstract, and full texts and independently select the qualified literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. After assessment of the risk of bias and data extraction, we will conduct meta-analyses for outcomes related to COVID-19. The heterogeneity of data will be investigated by Cochrane \u03c7 and I tests. Then publication bias assessment will be conducted by funnel plot analysis and Egger test. The results of our research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Our study aims to systematically present the clinical evidence of CHM in the treatment of COVID-19, which will be of guiding significance for further research and clinical practice. 10.17605/OSF.IO/H7GMU."}, {"pmid": 32236152, "title": "On the Front Lines of Primary Care during the Coronavirus Pandemic Shifting from office visits to telephone triage, telemedicine.", "journal": "R I Med J (2013)", "authors": ["Korr, Kenneth S"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236152", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353271, "pmcid": "PMC7185940", "title": "Suicide prevention during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Klomek, Anat Brunstein"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353271", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205120, "pmcid": "PMC7270953", "title": "Traumatization in medical staff helping with COVID-19 control.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205120", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391283, "pmcid": "PMC7190805", "title": "COVID-19 Infection in Cancer Patients: How Can Oncologists Deal With These Patients?", "journal": "Front Oncol", "authors": ["Brunetti, Oronzo", "Derakhshani, Afshin", "Baradaran, Behzad", "Galvano, Antonio", "Russo, Antonio", "Silvestris, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391283", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450934, "title": "Practical Guidance for Outpatient Spasticity Management during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Canadian Spasticity COVID-19 Task Force.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Reebye, Rajiv", "Finlayson, Heather", "May, Curtis", "Satkunam, Lalith", "Wein, Theodore", "Miller, Thomas", "Boulias, Chris", "O'Connell, Colleen", "Bohorquez, Anibal", "Dukelow, Sean", "Ethans, Karen", "Ismail, Farooq", "Khalil, Waill", "Khan, Omar", "Lagnau, Philippe", "McNeill, Stephen", "Mills, Patricia", "Sirois, Genevieve", "Winston, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450934", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376400, "pmcid": "PMC7252135", "title": "Cytokine storm syndrome in severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Ruscitti, Piero", "Berardicurti, Onorina", "Iagnocco, Annamaria", "Giacomelli, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376400", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32166511, "pmcid": "PMC7080005", "title": "18F-FDG PET/CT and COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166511", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460966, "pmcid": "PMC7241331", "title": "Self-quarantine and weight gain related risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Obes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Zachary, Zeigler", "Brianna, Forbes", "Brianna, Lopez", "Garrett, Pedersen", "Jade, Welty", "Alyssa, Deyo", "Mikayla, Kerekes"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460966", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact that self-quarantine has on behaviors associated with weight gain. This was a quantitative descriptive/correlational research design. Research announcement was sent out via Facebook to 1200 possible participants. Six surveys were condensed into a single Survey Monkey questionnaire for participants to complete. Surveys asked questions relating to risk factors linked to weight gain. Ninety-one percent of our sample stated they spend more time at home now than before COVID-19. Twenty-two percent of the sample stated they gained 5-10 pounds. Within those who gained 5-10 pounds, there was a significantly higher percentage of the total sample who reported they increased eating in response to sight and smell (p = .048), eating in response to stress (p = .041), and snacking after dinner (p = .016) compared to those who stated they did not change those behaviors at all. There were significant relationships between predictor variables hours of sleep per night and physical activity time on reported weight gain (r = -.195, p = .021, r = -.155, p = .034, respectively). Risk factors for weight gain during self-quarantine are inadequate sleep, snacking after dinner, lack of dietary restraint, eating in response to stress, and reduced physical activity."}, {"pmid": 32302499, "title": "Managing New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities.", "journal": "Diabetes Technol Ther", "authors": ["Garg, Satish K", "Rodbard, David", "Hirsch, Irl B", "Forlenza, Gregory P"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302499", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                     The current COVID-19 pandemic provides an incentive to expand considerably the use of telemedicine for high-risk patients with diabetes, and especially for the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Telemedicine and digital medicine also offer critically important approaches to improve access, efficacy, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of medical care for people with diabetes. \n                        Methods:\n                     Two case reports are presented where telemedicine was used effectively and safely after day 1 in person patient education. These aspects of the management of new-onset T1D patients (adult and pediatric) included ongoing diabetes education of the patient and family digitally. The patients used continuous glucose monitoring with commercially available analysis software (Dexcom Clarity and Glooko) to generate ambulatory glucose profiles and interpretive summary reports. The adult subject used multiple daily insulin injections; the pediatric patient used an insulin pump. The subjects were managed using a combination of e-mail, Internet via Zoom, and telephone calls. \n                        Results:\n                     These two cases show the feasibility and effectiveness of use of telemedicine in applications in which we had not used it previously: new-onset diabetes education and insulin dosage management. \n                        Conclusions:\n                     The present case reports illustrate how telemedicine can be used safely and effectively for new-onset T1D training and education for both pediatric and adult patients and their families. The COVID-19 pandemic has acutely stimulated the expansion of the use of telemedicine and digital medicine. We conclude that telemedicine is an effective approach for the management of patients with new-onset T1D."}, {"pmid": 32167533, "title": "What Does the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Mean for Families?", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Thompson, Lindsay A", "Rasmussen, Sonja A"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167533", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268633, "title": "[Be alert to superposed effect of seasonal influenza while fighting against COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, T G", "Wang, M"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268633", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 continues to spread throughout the country, and the prevention and control of the epidemic has entered a critical period. However, southern cities with severe outbreaks are about to enter the seasonal influenza season. We should strengthen the epidemiological investigation, optimize the laboratory testing strategy, take effective measures, strengthen the prevention and control of influenza epidemic, and minimize the interference to the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32513613, "title": "COVID-19 and the ABO blood group connection.", "journal": "Transfus Apher Sci", "authors": ["Zaidi, Fatima Zia", "Zaidi, Abdul Rehman Zia", "Abdullah, Syed Maaz", "Zaidi, Syed Ziauddin Ahmed"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513613", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375494, "title": "The Use of eHealth for the Care of Patients With Diabetes in Connection to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Jendle, Johan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375494", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330475, "pmcid": "PMC7194902", "title": "Increased amylase and lipase in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: don t blame the pancreas just yet!", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["de-Madaria, Enrique", "Siau, Keith", "Cardenas-Jaen, Karina"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330475", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519978, "title": "Traditional Chinese medicine practices used in COVID-19 (Sars-cov 2/Coronavirus-19) treatment in clinic and their effects on the cardiovascular system.", "journal": "Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars", "authors": ["Akalin, Emine", "Ekici, Mirac", "Alan, Zinar", "Ozbir Elevli, Elif", "Yaman Bucak, Aysenur", "Aobuliaikemu, Nuerbiye", "Uresin, Ali Yagiz"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519978", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of plants used in the formulations of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which were also used in clinical trials to treat patients with the novel coronavirus COVID-19, and to assess their effects on the cardiovascular system. A literature review of PubMed, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library, and TCM monographs was conducted and the effects of the plants on the cardiovascular system and the mechanisms of action in COVID-19 treatment were evaluated. The mechanism of action, cardiovascular effects, and possible toxicity of 10 plants frequently found in TCM formulations that were used in the clinical treatment of COVID-19 were examined. TCM formulations that had been originally developed for earlier viral diseases have been used in COVID-19 treatment. Despite the effectiveness seen in laboratory and animal studies with the most commonly used plants in these formulations, the clinical studies are currently insufficient according to standard operating procedures. More clinical studies are needed to understand the safe clinical use of traditional plants."}, {"pmid": 32277845, "pmcid": "PMC7262318", "title": "Classification system and case definition for SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Shah, Prakesh S", "Diambomba, Yenge", "Acharya, Ganesh", "Morris, Shaun K", "Bitnun, Ari"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277845", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470470, "pmcid": "PMC7255230", "title": "Cathepsin L-selective inhibitors: A potentially promising treatment for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Liu, Tianxiao", "Luo, Songyuan", "Libby, Peter", "Shi, Guo-Ping"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470470", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The widespread coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has already infected over 4 million people worldwide, with a death toll over 280,000. Current treatment of COVID-19 patients relies mainly on antiviral drugs lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, and remdesivir, the anti-malarial drugs hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, and traditional Chinese medicine. There are over 2118 on-going clinical trials underway, but to date none of these drugs have consistently proven effective. Cathepsin L (CatL) is an endosomal cysteine protease. It mediates the cleavage of the S1 subunit of the coronavirus surface spike glycoprotein. This cleavage is necessary for coronavirus entry into human host cells, virus and host cell endosome membrane fusion, and viral RNA release for next round of replication. Here we summarize data regarding seven CatL-selective inhibitors that block coronavirus entry into cultured host cells and provide a mechanism to block SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. Given the rapid growth of the SARS-CoV-2-positive population worldwide, ready-to-use CatL inhibitors should be explored as a treatment option. We identify ten US FDA-approved drugs that have CatL inhibitory activity. We provide evidence that supports the combined use of serine protease and CatL inhibitors as a possibly safer and more effective therapy than other available therapeutics to block coronavirus host cell entry and intracellular replication, without compromising the immune system."}, {"pmid": 32366608, "title": "Interim Guidance for Basic and Advanced Life Support in Children and Neonates With Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Topjian, Alexis", "Aziz, Khalid", "Kamath-Rayne, Beena D", "Atkins, Dianne L", "Becker, Lance", "Berg, Robert A", "Bradley, Steven M", "Bhanji, Farhan", "Brooks, Steven", "Chan, Melissa", "Chan, Paul", "Cheng, Adam", "de Caen, Allan", "Duff, Jonathan P", "Escobedo, Marilyn", "Flores, Gustavo E", "Fuchs, Susan", "Girotra, Saket", "Hsu, Antony", "Joyner, Benny L Jr", "Kleinman, Monica", "Lasa, Javier J", "Lee, Henry C", "Lehotzky, Rebecca E", "Levy, Arielle", "Mancini, Mary E", "McBride, Mary E", "Meckler, Garth", "Merchant, Raina M", "Morgan, Ryan W", "Nadkarni, Vinay", "Panchal, Ashish R", "Peberdy, Mary Ann", "Raymond, Tia", "Roberts, Kathryn", "Sasson, Comilla", "Schexnayder, Stephen M", "Sutton, Robert M", "Terry, Mark", "Walsh, Brian", "Wang, David S", "Zelop, Carolyn M", "Edelson, Dana P"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366608", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377638, "pmcid": "PMC7187729", "title": "Comorbid Chronic Diseases and Acute Organ Injuries Are Strongly Correlated with Disease Severity and Mortality among COVID-19 Patients: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Research (Wash D C)", "authors": ["Wang, Xinhui", "Fang, Xuexian", "Cai, Zhaoxian", "Wu, Xiaotian", "Gao, Xiaotong", "Min, Junxia", "Wang, Fudi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377638", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has been rapidly spreading on a global scale. To date, there is no specific vaccine against the causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, nor is there an effective medicine for treating COVID-19, thus raising concerns with respect to the effect of risk factors such as clinical course and pathophysiological parameters on disease severity and outcome in patients with COVID-19. By extracting and analyzing all available published clinical data, we identified several major clinical characteristics associated with increased disease severity and mortality among patients with COVID-19. Specifically, preexisting chronic conditions such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes are strongly associated with an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19; surprisingly, however, we found no correlation between chronic liver disease and increased disease severity. In addition, we found that both acute cardiac injury and acute kidney injury are highly correlated with an increased risk of COVID-19-related mortality. Given the high risk of comorbidity and the high mortality rate associated with tissue damage, organ function should be monitored closely in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and this approach should be included when establishing new guidelines for managing these high-risk patients. Moreover, additional clinical data are needed in order to determine whether a supportive therapy can help mitigate the development of severe, potentially fatal complications, and further studies are needed to identify the pathophysiology and the mechanism underlying this novel coronavirus-associated infectious disease. Taken together, these findings provide new insights regarding clinical strategies for improving the management and outcome of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32427774, "title": "Early Outcomes with Utilization of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in COVID-19 Associated Respiratory Distress: A series of five cases.", "journal": "J Trauma Acute Care Surg", "authors": ["Christie, D Benjamin 3rd", "Nemec, Hannah M", "Scott, Anthony M", "Buchanan, John T", "Franklin, Christopher M", "Ahmed, Aftab", "Khan, Muhammad S", "Callender, Charles W", "James, Erskine A", "Christie, Amy B", "Ashley, Dennis W"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427774", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus patients demonstrate varying degrees of respiratory insufficiency; many will progress to respiratory failure with a severe version of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) refractory to traditional supportive strategies. Providers must consider alternative therapies to deter or prevent the cascade of decompensation to fulminant respiratory failure. This is a case-series of five COVID-19 positive patients who demonstrated severe hypoxemia, declining respiratory performance, and escalating oxygen requirements. Patients met the following criteria: COVID-19 positivity, worsening respiratory performance, severe hypoxemia (PaO2<80) despite traditional supportive measures, escalating supplemental oxygen requirements and D-dimer greater than 1.5\u03bcg/mL. All patients received protocol directed thrombolytic therapy with Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA). All five patients improved without deleterious effects of thrombolytic therapy. Patient one was on maximum ventilator support, paralytics, and prone positioning without improvement. During tPA administration his P/F ratio improved from 69 to 127. Ventilator support was weaned immediately on post-treatment day 1 and he was extubated on post treatment day 12. Our second through fifth patients were not intubated at time of initiation of tPA therapy. These patients each required significant oxygen supplementation trending toward intubation. After tPA therapy, all patients demonstrated a noticeable increase in PaO2 values overtime. Three of these patients avoided intubation due to COVID-19 associated respiratory failure. Administration of thrombolytics was followed by overall improvement in patients' oxygen requirements, and in three cases, prevented progression to mechanical ventilation, without deleterious effects. Clinical trials of thrombolytic therapy would further serve to underscore the efficacy and utility of this therapy. Level V- Case series of therapeutic effect."}, {"pmid": 32432461, "pmcid": "PMC7243426", "title": "Flexible Nanoporous Template for the Design and Development of Reusable Anti-COVID-19 Hydrophobic Face Masks.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["El-Atab, Nazek", "Qaiser, Nadeem", "Badghaish, Huda", "Shaikh, Sohail F", "Hussain, Muhammad Mustafa"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432461", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of the severe respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), the use of face masks has become ubiquitous worldwide to control the rapid spread of this pandemic. As a result, the world is currently facing a face mask shortage, and some countries have placed limits on the number of masks that can be bought by each person. Although the surgical grade N95 mask provides the highest level of protection currently available, its filtration efficiency for sub-300 nm particles is around 85% due to its wider pore size (\u223c300 nm). Because the COVID-19 virus shows a diameter of around 65-125 nm, there is a need for developing more efficient masks. To overcome these issues, we demonstrate the development of a flexible, nanoporous membrane to achieve a reusable N95 mask with a replaceable membrane and enhanced filtration efficiency. We first developed a flexible nanoporous Si-based template on a silicon-on-insulator wafer using KOH etching and then used the template as a hard mask during a reactive ion etching process to transfer the patterns onto a flexible and lightweight (<0.12 g) polymeric membrane. Pores with sizes down to 5 nm were achieved with a narrow distribution. Theoretical calculations show that airflow rates above 85 L/min are possible through the mask, which confirms its breathability over a wide range of pore sizes, densities, membrane thicknesses, and pressure drops. Finally, the membrane is intrinsically hydrophobic, which contributes to antifouling and self-cleaning as a result of droplets rolling and sliding on the inclined mask area."}, {"pmid": 32372522, "pmcid": "PMC7267523", "title": "Patient and public involvement in the post COVID era.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Blackwell, S", "Rowbottom, P"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372522", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372822, "pmcid": "PMC7194695", "title": "Why are ethnic minorities worse affected?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Liverpool, Layal"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372822", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Inequalities mean a disproportionate number of covid-19 patients are from minority ethnic backgrounds, reports Layal Liverpool."}, {"pmid": 32501663, "title": "Putting the Public Back in Public Health - Surveying Symptoms of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Chan, Andrew T", "Brownstein, John S"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271861, "pmcid": "PMC7151355", "title": "Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Survey.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Wolf, Michael S", "Serper, Marina", "Opsasnick, Lauren", "O'Conor, Rachel M", "Curtis, Laura M", "Benavente, Julia Yoshino", "Wismer, Guisselle", "Batio, Stephanie", "Eifler, Morgan", "Zheng, Pauline", "Russell, Andrea", "Arvanitis, Marina", "Ladner, Daniela", "Kwasny, Mary", "Persell, Stephen D", "Rowe, Theresa", "Linder, Jeffrey A", "Bailey, Stacy C"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271861", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The evolving outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is requiring social distancing and other measures to protect public health. However, messaging has been inconsistent and unclear. To determine COVID-19 awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and related behaviors among U.S. adults who are more vulnerable to complications of infection because of age and comorbid conditions. Cross-sectional survey linked to 3 active clinical trials and 1 cohort study. 5 academic internal medicine practices and 2 federally qualified health centers. 630 adults aged 23 to 88 years living with 1 or more chronic conditions. Self-reported knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to COVID-19. A fourth (24.6%) of participants were \"very worried\" about getting the coronavirus. Nearly a third could not correctly identify symptoms (28.3%) or ways to prevent infection (30.2%). One in 4 adults (24.6%) believed that they were \"not at all likely\" to get the virus, and 21.9% reported that COVID-19 had little or no effect on their daily routine. One in 10 respondents was very confident that the federal government could prevent a nationwide outbreak. In multivariable analyses, participants who were black, were living below the poverty level, and had low health literacy were more likely to be less worried about COVID-19, to not believe that they would become infected, and to feel less prepared for an outbreak. Those with low health literacy had greater confidence in the federal government response. Cross-sectional study of adults with underlying health conditions in 1 city during the initial week of the COVID-19 U.S. outbreak. Many adults with comorbid conditions lacked critical knowledge about COVID-19 and, despite concern, were not changing routines or plans. Noted disparities suggest that greater public health efforts may be needed to mobilize the most vulnerable communities. National Institutes of Health."}, {"pmid": 32444399, "pmcid": "PMC7243392", "title": "COVID-19, tuberculosis, and poverty: preventing a perfect storm.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Saunders, Matthew J", "Evans, Carlton A"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444399", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32165502, "title": "RCVS may relax guidance due to Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165502", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32064795, "title": "[Diagnosis and treatment recommendation for pediatric coronavirus disease-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Chen, Zhimin", "Fu, Junfen", "Shu, Qiang", "Chen, Yinghu", "Hua, Chunzhen", "Li, Fubang", "Lin, Ru", "Tang, Lanfang", "Wang, Tianlin", "Wang, Wei", "Wang, Yingshuo", "Xu, Weize", "Yang, Zihao", "Ye, Sheng", "Yuan, Tianming", "Zhang, Chenmei", "Zhang, Yuanyuan"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32064795", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255497, "title": "COVID-19 and Iran: swimming with hands tied!", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Gharebaghi, Reza", "Heidary, Fatemeh"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255497", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517542, "title": "Clinical uncertainty and Covid-19: Embrace the questions and find solutions.", "journal": "Palliat Med", "authors": ["Koffman, Jonathan", "Gross, Jamie", "Etkind, Simon Noah", "Selman, Lucy E"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517542", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489743, "pmcid": "PMC7255551", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: A Neurological Perspective.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Lahiri, Durjoy", "Ardila, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489743", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Even though severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been observed to principally affect the respiratory system, neurological involvements have already been reported in some published work. We have reviewed original articles, case reports, and existing open-source data-sets to delineate the spectrum of neurological disorders potentially observed in SARS-CoV-2 positive cases. Neurological involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) corresponds to three situations:\u00a0(a) neurological manifestations of viral infection, (b) post-infective neurological complications, and (c) infection in patients with neurological co-morbidity. Neurological manifestations can further be subdivided into the central nervous system (headache, dizziness, alteration of the sensorium, ataxia encephalitis, stroke, and seizures) and peripheral nervous system (skeletal muscle injury and peripheral nerve involvement including hyposmia and hypogeusia) symptomatology. Post-infective neurological complications include demyelinating conditions.\u00a0Reduced mobility and dementia as co-morbidities may predispose a patient to have a viral infection. It is concluded that the pandemic of COVID-19 presents for a neurologist some unique challenges. We observe that SARS-CoV-2 may have various neurological manifestations and in many cases, neurological features may precede typical respiratory symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32317154, "pmcid": "PMC7162785", "title": "Community Pharmacists: On the frontline of health service against COVID-19 in LMICs.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Hedima, Erick Wesley", "Adeyemi, Michael Samuel", "Ikunaiye, Nasiru Yakubu"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317154", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is a global public health crisis which has affected healthcare practice across professions. In the context of this pandemic, there is a need to highlight the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists. Community pharmacists are the most accessible healthcare professionals to the general public and have a lot to offer amid the COVID-19 response. This have led to significant changes in the health systems of many countries. This article seeks to highlight additional roles and activities relating to the public health response that can be undertaken by community pharmacists that could help to reduce pressure on general practice and other areas of the health service."}, {"pmid": 32340586, "title": "A Second Pandemic: Mental Health Spillover From the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc", "authors": ["Choi, Kristen R", "Heilemann, MarySue V", "Fauer, Alex", "Mead, Meredith"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340586", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created an unprecedented global health challenge. There is risk that the outbreak will create a \"second pandemic\" of mental health crises in health systems and communities. Thus, a comprehensive public health response to the pandemic must include (a) attention to the psychological aspects of hospitalization for patients, families, and staff affected by COVID-19; (b) planning for emergency and acute psychiatric patient care if hospitals become overwhelmed with COVID-19 patients; and (c) innovations for providing mental health care in communities while social distancing is required and health system resources are strained. Nurses and nurse leaders must anticipate these mental health challenges, assist with preparedness in health systems and communities, and advocate for a coordinated response to promote mental wellness and resilience."}, {"pmid": 32407003, "pmcid": "PMC7262000", "title": "Management of Transplant Patients outside Hospital during COVID-19 Epidemic: a Chinese Experience.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Yuanyuan", "Wei, Lai", "Liu, Bin", "Du, Dunfeng"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407003", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses an increasing challenge for transplant community. Aggressive management measures are conductive to improve compliance and to lower the risk of intra-hospital infection. In this Personal Viewpoint essay, we shared experiences about management strategies of transplant patients outside hospital amid the epidemic. With the aid of Cloud Clinic service and telemedicine care, transplant patients could be regularly followed up and get medical consultation online. Furthermore, personal health education and mental health assistance are enrolled in our practice."}, {"pmid": 32274081, "pmcid": "PMC7139011", "title": "Modified SEIR and AI prediction of the epidemics trend of COVID-19 in China under public health interventions.", "journal": "J Thorac Dis", "authors": ["Yang, Zifeng", "Zeng, Zhiqi", "Wang, Ke", "Wong, Sook-San", "Liang, Wenhua", "Zanin, Mark", "Liu, Peng", "Cao, Xudong", "Gao, Zhongqiang", "Mai, Zhitong", "Liang, Jingyi", "Liu, Xiaoqing", "Li, Shiyue", "Li, Yimin", "Ye, Feng", "Guan, Weijie", "Yang, Yifan", "Li, Fei", "Luo, Shengmei", "Xie, Yuqi", "Liu, Bin", "Wang, Zhoulang", "Zhang, Shaobo", "Wang, Yaonan", "Zhong, Nanshan", "He, Jianxing"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274081", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak originating in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, coincided with chunyun, the period of mass migration for the annual Spring Festival. To contain its spread, China adopted unprecedented nationwide interventions on January 23 2020. These policies included large-scale quarantine, strict controls on travel and extensive monitoring of suspected cases. However, it is unknown whether these policies have had an impact on the epidemic. We sought to show how these control measures impacted the containment of the epidemic. We integrated population migration data before and after January 23 and most updated COVID-19 epidemiological data into the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model to derive the epidemic curve. We also used an artificial intelligence (AI) approach, trained on the 2003 SARS data, to predict the epidemic. We found that the epidemic of China should peak by late February, showing gradual decline by end of April. A five-day delay in implementation would have increased epidemic size in mainland China three-fold. Lifting the Hubei quarantine would lead to a second epidemic peak in Hubei province in mid-March and extend the epidemic to late April, a result corroborated by the machine learning prediction. Our dynamic SEIR model was effective in predicting the COVID-19 epidemic peaks and sizes. The implementation of control measures on January 23 2020 was indispensable in reducing the eventual COVID-19 epidemic size."}, {"pmid": 32422225, "pmcid": "PMC7229462", "title": "Cutaneous Manifestations of COVID-19: A Preliminary Review.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Jia, Justin L", "Kamceva, Marija", "Rao, Saieesh A", "Linos, Eleni"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422225", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236385, "pmcid": "PMC7100949", "title": "Outbreak investigation in cargo ship in times of COVID-19 crisis, Port of Santos, Brazil.", "journal": "Rev Saude Publica", "authors": ["Fernandes, Eder Gatti", "Santos, Janice da Silva", "Sato, Helena Keico"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236385", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In February 2020, a Chinese cargo ship docked at the Port of Santos with reports of crew members with a feverish and respiratory condition. A team was gathered to verify the existence of suspected cases of COVID-19 inside the vessel and define its clearance. All 25 crew members were interviewed, and no suspected cases were found. The vessel was then cleared for port activities. The investigation resulted from the implementation of the contingency plan to face a public health emergency of international importance and several surveillance entities cooperated."}, {"pmid": 32301807, "pmcid": "PMC7188052", "title": "Emergency Surgery in Suspected COVID-19 Patients with Acute Abdomen: Case Series and Perspectives.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Gao, Yunhe", "Xi, Hongqing", "Chen, Lin"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301807", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347682, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on patients with spine disease in Friuli Venezia Giulia.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Sci", "authors": ["Rispoli, Rossella", "Giorgiutti, Fabrizia", "Egidi, Leonardo", "Cappelletto, Barbara"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347682", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493604, "pmcid": "PMC7211733", "title": "[Influence of the coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) pandemic on acute appendicitis].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Velayos, Maria", "Munoz-Serrano, Antonio Jesus", "Estefania-Fernandez, Karla", "Sarmiento Caldas, Ma Carmen", "Moratilla Lapena, Lucas", "Lopez-Santamaria, Manuel", "Lopez-Gutierrez, Juan Carlos"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493604", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common abdominal surgical emergency. No specific studies have been found that evaluate the impact of the coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) pandemic on AA and its surgical management. An analysis was made on the influence of this new pathology on the clinical course of AA. Retrospective observational study was conducted on patients operated on for AA from January to April 2020. They were classified according to the time of the appendectomy, before the declaration of the state of alarm (pre-COVID-19), and after its declaration (post-COVID-19) in Spain, one the most affected countries in the world. An evaluation was made of demographic variables, duration of symptoms, type of appendicitis, surgical time, hospital stay, and postoperative complications. The study included 66 patients (41 pre-COVID-19; 25 post-COVID-19) with mean age of 10.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03 and 9.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.1; P\u00a0=\u00a0.073, respectively. Fever was found in a higher number of post-COVID-19 patients (52 vs. 19.5%; P\u00a0=\u00a00.013), as well as a higher CRP (72.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a096.2 vs. 31.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a036.2\u00a0mg/dL; P = 0.042). This group presented with a higher proportion of complicated appendicitis when compared to pre-COVID-19 (32 vs. 7.3%; P\u00a0=\u00a00.015). The mean hospital stay was longer in the post-COVID-19 group (5.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.9 vs. 3.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.3 days; P\u00a0=\u00a00.041). No differences were found in the time of onset of symptoms or surgical time. The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic influenced the time of diagnosis of appendicitis, as well as its course, and mean hospital stay. Peritonitis was more frequently seen. As a result of the significant circumstances, delaying diagnosis and treatment of AA during SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, inappropriate management of this common surgical disorder has been noticed."}, {"pmid": 32437524, "title": "To Be a Partner in Life-Resident Training During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Horton, Joshua Dean"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437524", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32178762, "pmcid": "PMC7118638", "title": "COVID-19, a pandemic or not?", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["The Lancet Infectious Diseases"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178762", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426111, "pmcid": "PMC7222260", "title": "Care of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Pulm Circ", "authors": ["Ryan, John J", "Melendres-Groves, Lana", "Zamanian, Roham T", "Oudiz, Ronald J", "Chakinala, Murali", "Rosenzweig, Erika B", "Gomberg-Maitland, Mardi"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426111", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic presents many unique challenges when caring for patients with pulmonary hypertension. The COVID-19 pandemic has altered routine standard of care practice and the acute management particularly for those patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, where pulmonary arterial hypertension-specific treatments are used. It is important to balance the ongoing care and evaluation of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients with \"exposure risk\" to COVID-19 for patients coming to clinic or the hospital. If there is a morbidity and mortality benefit from starting pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies, for example in a patient with high-likelihood of pulmonary arterial hypertension, then it remains important to complete the thorough evaluation. However, the COVID-19 outbreak may also represent a unique time when pulmonary hypertension experts have to weigh the risks and benefits of the diagnostic work-up including potential exposure to COVID-19 versus initiating targeted pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy in a select high-risk, high likelihood World Symposium Pulmonary Hypertension Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. This document will highlight some of the issues facing providers, patients, and the pulmonary arterial hypertension community in real-time as the COVID-19 pandemic is evolving and is intended to share expected common clinical scenarios and best clinical practices to help the community at-large."}, {"pmid": 32453051, "pmcid": "PMC7273934", "title": "Peptic Ulcer Disease as a Common Cause of Bleeding in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Melazzini, Federica", "Lenti, Marco Vincenzo", "Mauro, Aurelio", "De Grazia, Federico", "Di Sabatino, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453051", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489696, "pmcid": "PMC7220282", "title": "Whole-lung Low Dose Irradiation for SARS-Cov2 Induced Pneumonia in the Geriatric Population: An Old Effective Treatment for a New Disease? Recommendation of the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group.", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Lara, Pedro C", "Nguyen, Nam P", "Macias-Verde, David", "Burgos-Burgos, Javier", "Arenas, Meritxell", "Zamagni, Alice", "Vinh-Hung, Vincent", "Baumert, Brigitta G", "Motta, Micaela", "Myint, Arthur Sun", "Bonet, Marta", "Popescu, Tiberiu", "Vuong, Te", "Appalanaido, Gokula Kumar", "Trigo, Lurdes", "Karlsson, Ulf", "Thariat, Juliette"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489696", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cytokine storm induced by SARS-Cov2 may produce pneumonitis which may be fatal for older patients with underlying lung disease. Hyper-elevation of Interleukin1 (IL-1), Tumor necrosis factor-1alfa (TNF-1 alfa), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) produced by inflammatory macrophage M1 may damage the lung alveoli leading to severe pneumonitis, decreased oxygenation, and potential death despite artificial ventilation. Older patients may not be suitable candidates for pharmaceutical intervention targeting IL-1/6 blockade or artificial ventilation. Low dose total lung (LDTL) irradiation at a single dose of 50 cGy may stop this cytokine cascade, thus preventing, and/or reversing normal organs damage. This therapy has been proven in the past to be effective against pneumonitis of diverse etiology and could be used to prevent death of older infected patients. Thus, LDRT radiotherapy may be a cost-effective treatment for this frail patient population whom radiation -induced malignancy is not a concern because of their advanced age. This hypothesis should be tested in future prospective trials."}, {"pmid": 32420929, "title": "Screening of COVID-19 in children admitted to the hospital for acute problems: preliminary data.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Nicoletti, Angela", "Talarico, Valentina", "Sabetta, Lucilla", "Minchella, Pasquale", "Colosimo, Manuela", "Fortugno, Carmelo", "Galati, Maria Concetta", "Raiola, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420929", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new Coronavirus identified in Whuan at the end of 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the Beta Coronavirus genus and is responsible for the new Coronavirus 2019 pandemia (COVID-19). Infected children may be asymptomatic or present fever, dry cough, fatigue or gastrointestinal symptoms. The CDC recommends that clinicians should decide to test patients based on the presence of signs and symptoms compatible with COVID-19. 42 children (the majority < 5 years of age) were referred, to our Pediatric Department, as possible cases of COVID-19 infection. Blood analysis, chest X-ray, and naso-oropharyngeal swab specimens for viral identification of COVID-19 were requested. None of the screened children resulted positive for COVID-19 infection. At first presentation, the most frequent signs and symptoms were: fever (71.4%), fatigue (35.7%) and cough (30.9%).\u00a0 An\u00a0 high\u00a0 C-reactive protein value and abnormalities of chest\u00a0 X-ray (bronchial wall thickening) were detected in 26.2% and 19% of patients, respectively. Almost half of patients (45.2%) required hospitalization in our Pediatric Unit and one patient in Intensive Care Unit. Testing people who meet the COVID-19 suspected case definition criteria is essential for clinical management and outbreak control. Children of all ages can get COVID-19, although they appear to be affected less frequently than adults, as reported in our preliminary survey. Further studies are needed to confirm our observations."}, {"pmid": 32435829, "pmcid": "PMC7239350", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak: Infection Control and Management Protocol for Vascular and Interventional Radiology Departments-Consensus Document.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["De Gregorio, Miguel A", "Guirola, Jose A", "Magallanes, Mariano", "Palmero, Julio", "Pulido, Juan M", "Blazquez, Javier", "Cobos, Jorge", "Abadal, Jose M", "Mendez, Santiago", "Perez-Lafuente, Mercedes", "Piquero Micheto, Maria C", "Gregorio, Abel", "Lonjedo, Elena", "Moreno, Teresa", "Pulpeiro, Jose R", "Sampere, Jaume", "Esteban, Enrique", "Munoz, Jose J", "Bosch, Jordi", "Alvarez-Arranz, Enrique", "Gonzalez, Jimena", "Gelabert, Arantxa", "Urbano, Jose"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435829", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 virus) pandemic was recently declared by the WHO as a global health emergency. A group of interventional radiology senior experts developed a consensus document for infection control and management of patients with COVID-19 in interventional radiology (IR) departments. This consensus statement has been brought together at short notice with the help of different protocols developed by governmental entities and scientific societies to be adapted to the current reality and needs of IR Departments. Recommendations are the specific strategies to follow in IR departments, preventive measures and regulations, step by step for donning and doffing personal protective equipment, specific IR procedures which can not be delayed, and aerosol-generating procedures in IR with COVID-19 patients. It is advisable with this document to be adapted to local workplace policies."}, {"pmid": 32081636, "pmcid": "PMC7127800", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Lai, Chih-Cheng", "Shih, Tzu-Ping", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Tang, Hung-Jen", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32081636", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 has caused a large global outbreak and is a major public health issue. As of 11 February 2020, data from the World Health Organization (WHO) have shown that more than 43 000 confirmed cases have been identified in 28 countries/regions, with >99% of cases being detected in China. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as the sixth public health emergency of international concern. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. It is spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact, and infection has been estimated to have mean incubation period of 6.4 days and a basic reproduction number of 2.24-3.58. Among patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus pneumonia or Wuhan pneumonia), fever was the most common symptom, followed by cough. Bilateral lung involvement with ground-glass opacity was the most common finding from computed tomography images of the chest. The one case of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in the USA is responding well to remdesivir, which is now undergoing a clinical trial in China. Currently, controlling infection to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary intervention being used. However, public health authorities should keep monitoring the situation closely, as the more we can learn about this novel virus and its associated outbreak, the better we can respond."}, {"pmid": 32530582, "title": "COVID-19 in Care Home Settings.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Yahya, Ahmed Saeed", "Khawaja, Shakil"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530582", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302996, "pmcid": "PMC7164326", "title": "Editorial. Endonasal neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: the Singapore perspective.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Lo, Yu Tung", "Yang Teo, Neville Wei", "Ang, Beng Ti"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302996", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337502, "pmcid": "PMC7180351", "title": "A reality check on the use of face masks during the COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Victor, C W Tam", "Shing, Yau Tam", "Wai, Kwong Poon", "Helen, K W Law", "Shara, W Y Lee"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337502", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525096, "title": "Physical activity during the COVID-19 global pandemic.", "journal": "J Sport Health Sci", "authors": ["Ainsworth, Barbara E", "Li, Fuzhong"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525096", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505189, "title": "Team management in critical care units for patients with COVID-19: an experience from Hunan Province, China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Tang, Li", "Zhao, Xian-Mei", "Yu, Xiao-Yan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505189", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475054, "title": "Reply to \"Coronaviruses and immunosuppressed patients. The facts during the third epidemic\".", "journal": "Liver Transpl", "authors": ["Merli, Marco", "Perricone, Giovanni", "Lauterio, Andrea", "Prosperi, Manlio", "Travi, Giovanna", "Roselli, Elena", "Petro, Laura", "De Carlis, Luciano", "Belli, Luca", "Puoti, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475054", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interest the letter by D'Antiga evaluating the early experience with Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) in liver transplant (LT) recipients in Bergamo and suggesting the absence of correlation between immunosuppression and severity of disease. We report two cases of early liver transplant recipients infected by SARS-CoV-2 with only mild clinical manifestations. On the contrary, long-term recipients with comorbities showed a more aggressive course and worse prognosis. Considering the emerging evidence of the contribution of immune activation in the severity of the COVID-19, immunosuppression may in part prevent a more aggressive course of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32145156, "pmcid": "PMC7228295", "title": "The ongoing crises in China illustrate that the assessment of epidemics in isolation is no longer sufficient.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Stoffel, Carla", "Schuppers, Manon", "Buholzer, Patrik", "Munoz, Violeta", "Lechner, Isabel", "Sperling, Ulrich", "Kuker, Susanne", "De Nardi, Marco"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145156", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446828, "pmcid": "PMC7242196", "title": "Reply to Notes and Comments on \"Proposed Approach 1 for Re-using Surgical Masks in COVID-19 Pandemic\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Liu, Yuangang", "Leachman, Sancy A", "Bar, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446828", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365191, "pmcid": "PMC7239154", "title": "Balancing Expediency and Scientific Rigor in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Graepel, Kevin W", "Kochhar, Sonali", "Clayton, Ellen W", "Edwards, Kathryn E"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365191", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279318, "pmcid": "PMC7262051", "title": "Should Institutions Disclose the Names of Employees with Covid-19?", "journal": "Hastings Cent Rep", "authors": ["Sulmasy, Daniel P", "Veatch, Robert M"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279318", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prestigious University is a large, private educational institution with a medical school, a university hospital, a law school, and graduate and undergraduate colleges all on a single campus. In the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, students were told during spring break to return to campus only briefly to retrieve their belongings. Classes then went online. On March 23, 2020, the faculty, students, and staff were emailed the following by the university's director of infection control and public health: We have become aware that a Prestigious University staff member has tested positive for the virus that causes Covid-19. The individual, who was last on campus on March 16, is now in isolation at their permanent residence and is doing well clinically. The university has already identified those members of our community who may have been in close contact with this individual, and we are working to notify them. Further, this individual's local health department has a protocol for identifying people who have been in direct contact with anyone testing positive for Covid-19 (such as this Prestigious University staff member) so that they can self-quarantine and watch for COVID-19 symptoms for a period of 14 days from their last contact with the infected individual. A professor in the Philosophy Department has asked the ethicists at the medical school whether such contact tracing suffices. \"Don't the members of the community deserve to know who this is? Isn't there a mandate to identify this person in order to maximize public health benefits and slow the spread of this deadly virus?\""}, {"pmid": 32515383, "title": "Treatment options in people with COVID19: Selecting the best armamentarium against the novel virus.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Shaikh, Khalid", "Shrestha, Chandrama", "Dutta, Deep"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515383", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection is a global pandemic, of high infectivity, variable mortality, with currently no established treatment. This review summarizes different molecules which are being evaluated for COVID19 treatment. PubMed and Medline, search for articles published to March 2020 was done using terms \"COVID19\" OR \"corona-virus 2019\" OR \"2019-nCoV\" or \"severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\" AND \"treatment\". As of today, we have >350 RCTs happening with different agents. COVID19 treatment agents can be broadly classified into immuno-modulators (prevent hyperimmune-activation and cytokine storm) and anti-viral therapies (prevent virus entry, replication or viricidal). Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, Interferon-l, glucocorticoids, interleukin antagonists, Ulinastatin, intravenous immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis are main immunomodulators showing initial positive outcomes. Umifenovir. Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Ribavirin, remdesivir and Ravipiravir are some of the major antiviral agents showing initial encouraging results. It may be concluded that the most successful regimen is going to be multi-drug therapy, a combination of immunomodulatory agent with anti-viral agent."}, {"pmid": 32416598, "pmcid": "PMC7204723", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 detection by direct rRT-PCR without RNA extraction.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Merindol, Natacha", "Pepin, Genevieve", "Marchand, Caroline", "Rheault, Marylene", "Peterson, Christine", "Poirier, Andre", "Houle, Claudia", "Germain, Hugo", "Danylo, Alexis"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416598", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid and reliable screening of SARS-CoV-2 is fundamental to assess viral spread and limit the pandemic we are facing. In this study, we compared direct rRT-PCR method (without RNA extraction) using SeeGene AllplexTM 2019-nCoV rRT-PCR with the RealStar\u00ae SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR kit (Altona Diagnostics). Furthermore, we assessed the impact of swab storage media composition on PCR efficiency. We show that SeeGene and Altona's assays provide similar efficiency. Importantly, we provide evidence that RNA extraction can be successfully bypassed when samples are stored in UTM medium or in molecular water but not when samples are stored in saline solution and in Hanks medium."}, {"pmid": 32497747, "pmcid": "PMC7262516", "title": "Special Communication: Evaluation and Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome During the Global Pandemic Due to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Ohman, J Westley", "Annest, Stephen J", "Azizzadeh, Ali", "Burt, Bryan M", "Caputo, Francis J", "Chan, Colin", "Donahue, Dean M", "Freischlag, Julie A", "Gelabert, Hugh A", "Humphries, Misty D", "Illig, Karl A", "Lee, Jason T", "Lum, Ying Wei", "Meyer, Richard D", "Pearl, Gregory J", "Ransom, Erin F", "Sanders, Richard J", "Teijink, Joep A W", "Vaccaro, Patrick S", "van Sambeek, Marc R H M", "Vemuri, Chandu", "Thompson, Robert W"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497747", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has required a reduction in non-emergency treatment for a variety of disorders. This report summarizes conclusions of an international multidisciplinary consensus group assembled to address evaluation and treatment of patients with thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), a group of conditions characterized by extrinsic compression of the neurovascular structures serving the upper extremity. The following recommendations were developed in relation to the 3 defined types of TOS (neurogenic, venous, and arterial) and 3 phases of pandemic response (preparatory, urgent with limited resources, and emergency with complete diversion of resources): (1) In-person evaluation and treatment for neurogenic TOS (interventional or surgical) is generally postponed during all pandemic phases, with telephone/telemedicine visits and at-home physical therapy exercises recommended when feasible. (2) Venous TOS presenting with acute upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (Paget-Schroetter syndrome) is managed primarily with anticoagulation, with percutaneous interventions for venous TOS (thrombolysis) considered in early phases (I and II) and surgical treatment delayed until pandemic conditions resolve. Catheter-based interventions may also be considered for selected patients with central subclavian vein obstruction and threatened hemodialysis access in all pandemic phases, with definitive surgical treatment postponed. (3) Evaluation and surgical treatment for arterial TOS should be reserved for limb-threatening situations, such as acute upper extremity ischemia or acute digital embolization, in all phases of pandemic response. In late pandemic phases surgery should be restricted to thrombolysis or brachial artery thromboembolectomy, with more definitive treatment delayed until pandemic conditions resolve."}, {"pmid": 32344457, "pmcid": "PMC7267237", "title": "Uncertainties on the prognostic value of D-dimers in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Gris, Jean-Christophe", "Quere, Isabelle", "Perez-Martin, Antonia", "Lefrant, Jean-Yves", "Sotto, Albert"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344457", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317501, "title": "Toolkit for survival: How to run and manage ophthalmic practices during the difficult time of COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Pandey, Suresh K", "Sharma, Vidushi"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317501", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314790, "pmcid": "PMC7188130", "title": "What's New With the Old Coronaviruses?", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Ogimi, Chikara", "Kim, Yae Jean", "Martin, Emily T", "Huh, Hee Jae", "Chiu, Cheng-Hsun", "Englund, Janet A"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314790", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses contribute to the burden of respiratory diseases in children, frequently manifesting in upper respiratory symptoms considered to be part of the \"common cold.\" Recent epidemics of novel coronaviruses recognized in the 21st century have highlighted issues of zoonotic origins of transmissible respiratory viruses and potential transmission, disease, and mortality related to these viruses. In this review, we discuss what is known about the virology, epidemiology, and disease associated with pediatric infection with the common community-acquired human coronaviruses, including species 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1, and the coronaviruses responsible for past world-wide epidemics due to severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32334646, "pmcid": "PMC7180013", "title": "Practical recommendations for the management of diabetes in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "authors": ["Bornstein, Stefan R", "Rubino, Francesco", "Khunti, Kamlesh", "Mingrone, Geltrude", "Hopkins, David", "Birkenfeld, Andreas L", "Boehm, Bernhard", "Amiel, Stephanie", "Holt, Richard Ig", "Skyler, Jay S", "DeVries, J Hans", "Renard, Eric", "Eckel, Robert H", "Zimmet, Paul", "Alberti, Kurt George", "Vidal, Josep", "Geloneze, Bruno", "Chan, Juliana C", "Ji, Linong", "Ludwig, Barbara"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334646", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes is one of the most important comorbidities linked to the severity of all three known human pathogenic coronavirus infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of severe complications including Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and multi-organ failure. Depending on the global region, 20-50% of patients in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had diabetes. Given the importance of the link between COVID-19 and diabetes, we have formed an international panel of experts in the field of diabetes and endocrinology to provide some guidance and practical recommendations for the management of diabetes during the pandemic. We aim to briefly provide insight into potential mechanistic links between the novel coronavirus infection and diabetes, present practical management recommendations, and elaborate on the differential needs of several patient groups."}, {"pmid": 32427685, "title": "Rehabilitation Nursing in the Age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Rehabil Nurs", "authors": ["Neal-Boylan, Leslie"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369402, "pmcid": "PMC7267743", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the renin-angiotensin system: A closer look at angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).", "journal": "Ann Clin Biochem", "authors": ["Zemlin, Annalise E", "Wiese, Owen J"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369402", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first cases of atypical pneumonia linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, China, were described in late December 2019, the global landscape has changed radically. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, and at the time of writing this review, just over three million individuals have been infected with more than 200,000 deaths globally. Numerous countries are in 'lockdown', social distancing is the new norm, even the most advanced healthcare systems are under pressure, and a global economic recession seems inevitable. A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the aetiological agent. From experience with previous coronavirus epidemics, namely the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2004 and 2012 respectively, it was postulated that the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor is a possible port of cell entry. ACE2 is part of the renin-angiotensin system and is also associated with lung and cardiovascular disorders and inflammation. Recent studies have confirmed that ACE2 is the port of entry for SARS-CoV-2. Male sex, advanced age and a number of associated comorbidities have been identified as risk factors for infection with COVID-19. Many high-risk COVID-19 patients with comorbidities are on ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, and this has sparked debate about whether to continue these treatment regimes. Attention has also shifted to ACE2 being a target for future therapies or vaccines against COVID-19. In this review, we discuss COVID-19 and its complex relationship with ACE2."}, {"pmid": 32478465, "title": "First case of drug-induced liver injury associated with the use of tocilizumab in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Muhovic, Damir", "Bojovic, Jelena", "Bulatovic, Ana", "Vukcevic, Batric", "Ratkovic, Marina", "Lazovic, Ranko", "Smolovic, Brigita"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478465", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tocilizumab (TCZ; interleukine-6 receptor antagonist) has been proposed to treat severe forms of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) because interleukine-6 plays an important role in COVID-19-induced cytokine storm. Several clinical studies have shown very good effects of TCZ in patients with COVID-19, with a few minor side effects reported. Only eight serious liver injuries caused by TCZ were reported before being used in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Considering the significantly increased use of TCZ for the treatment of COVID-19, we would like to warn of its rare but possible serious hepatotoxicity, especially when used together with other hepatotoxic drugs. We describe a patient with COVID-19-induced cytokine storm who developed drug-induced liver injury associated with the use of TCZ. One day after TCZ administration, serum transaminase levels increased 40-fold. Nevertheless, TCZ had a positive effect on clinical and laboratory parameters in cytokine storm, with transaminases values normalizing in 10 days. This is the first reported case of DILI caused by TCZ in a COVID-19 patient. Intensive liver function monitoring is imperative in COVID-19 patients, because of frequent polypharmacy with potentially hepatotoxic drugs."}, {"pmid": 32289035, "pmcid": "PMC7103905", "title": "Dysosmia and dysgeusia due to the 2019 Novel Coronavirus; a hypothesis that needs further investigation.", "journal": "Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg", "authors": ["Keyhan, Seied Omid", "Fallahi, Hamid Reza", "Cheshmi, Behzad"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289035", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460553, "title": "Would You Believe? A Virus Changes Diabetes Care.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Tack, Cornelis Cees J"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460553", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303451, "pmcid": "PMC7151378", "title": "The Need of Research Initiatives Amidst and After the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Message from the Editors of the EJVES.", "journal": "Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg", "authors": ["Bjorck, Martin", "Boyle, Jonathan R", "Dick, Florian"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303451", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316029, "title": "What COVID-19 means for non-neurotypical children and their families.", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Kong, Michele"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316029", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324533, "title": "Prevention and therapy of COVID-19 via exogenous estrogen treatment for both male and female patients.", "journal": "J Pharm Pharm Sci", "authors": ["Suba, Zsuzsanna"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324533", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The presented work summarizes the results of studies underlining the crucial role of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in both innate and adaptive immune responses as well as in tissue repairing processes during respiratory virus infection. Experimental studies justify that among respiratory virus infected mice, a weaker ER signaling leads to increased morbidity and mortality in both males and females. In animal experiments, estrogen treatment silences the inflammatory reactions and decreases virus titers leading to improved survival rate; it seems to be an ideal prevention and therapy against COVID-19. We should overcome the widespread reluctance to estrogen therapy as we have a unique estrogen formula; conjugated estrogens, or conjugated equine estrogens available under the brand name of Premarin deriving from natural sources. Premarin can exert similar ER upregulative and gene repairing power like endogenous estrogen without any risk for adverse reactions. Premarin is capable of stopping the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32283510, "pmcid": "PMC7139237", "title": "Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Roy, Deblina", "Tripathy, Sarvodaya", "Kar, Sujita Kumar", "Sharma, Nivedita", "Verma, Sudhir Kumar", "Kaushal, Vikas"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283510", "countries": ["China", "India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) originating from China has rapidly crossed borders, infecting people throughout the whole world. This phenomenon has led to a massive public reaction; the media has been reporting continuously across borders to keep all informed about the pandemic situation. All these things are creating a lot of concern for people leading to heightened levels of anxiety. Pandemics can lead to heightened levels of stress; Anxiety is a common response to any stressful situation. This study attempted to assess the knowledge, attitude, anxiety experience, and perceived mental healthcare need among adult Indian population during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire using a non-probability snowball sampling technique. A total of 662 responses were received. The responders had a moderate level of knowledge about the COVID-19 infection and adequate knowledge about its preventive aspects. The attitude towards COVID-19 showed peoples' willingness to follow government guidelines on quarantine and social distancing. The anxiety levels identified in the study were high. More than 80 % of the people were preoccupied with the thoughts of COVID-19 and 72 % reported the need to use gloves, and sanitizers. In this study, sleep difficulties, paranoia about acquiring COVID-19 infection and distress related social media were reported in 12.5 %, 37.8 %, and 36.4 % participants respectively. The perceived mental healthcare need was seen in more than 80 % of participants. There is a need to intensify the awareness and address the mental health issues of people during this COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32497295, "title": "Comment on \"Genetic variants and source of introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in South America\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Romero, Pedro E"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497295", "countries": ["Colombia", "Peru", "Brazil", "Chile", "Argentina", "Ecuador"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I read with great interest a recent study by Poterico and Mestanza1 who described mutations in 30 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from South American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32339081, "pmcid": "PMC7233483", "title": "AI Augmentation of Radiologist Performance in Distinguishing COVID-19 from Pneumonia of Other Etiology on Chest CT.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Bai, Harrison X", "Wang, Robin", "Xiong, Zeng", "Hsieh, Ben", "Chang, Ken", "Halsey, Kasey", "Tran, Thi My Linh", "Choi, Ji Whae", "Wang, Dong-Cui", "Shi, Lin-Bo", "Mei, Ji", "Jiang, Xiao-Long", "Pan, Ian", "Zeng, Qiu-Hua", "Hu, Ping-Feng", "Li, Yi-Hui", "Fu, Fei-Xian", "Huang, Raymond Y", "Sebro, Ronnie", "Yu, Qi-Zhi", "Atalay, Michael K", "Liao, Wei-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339081", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background COVID-19 and pneumonia of other etiology share similar CT characteristics, contributing to the challenges in differentiating them with high accuracy. Purpose To establish and evaluate an artificial intelligence (AI) system in differentiating COVID-19 and other pneumonia on chest CT and assess radiologist performance without and with AI assistance. Methods 521 patients with positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 and abnormal chest CT findings were retrospectively identified from ten hospitals from January 2020 to April 2020. 665 patients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia and definite evidence of pneumonia on chest CT were retrospectively selected from three hospitals between 2017 and 2019. To classify COVID-19 versus other pneumonia for each patient, abnormal CT slices were input into the EfficientNet B4 deep neural network architecture after lung segmentation, followed by two-layer fully-connected neural network to pool slices together. Our final cohort of 1,186 patients (132,583 CT slices) was divided into training, validation and test sets in a 7:2:1 and equal ratio. Independent testing was performed by evaluating model performance on separate hospitals. Studies were blindly reviewed by six radiologists without and then with AI assistance. Results Our final model achieved a test accuracy of 96% (95% CI: 90-98%), sensitivity 95% (95% CI: 83-100%) and specificity of 96% (95% CI: 88-99%) with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) AUC of 0.95 and Precision-Recall (PR) AUC of 0.90. On independent testing, our model achieved an accuracy of 87% (95% CI: 82-90%), sensitivity of 89% (95% CI: 81-94%) and specificity of 86% (95% CI: 80-90%) with ROC AUC of 0.90 and PR AUC of 0.87. Assisted by the models' probabilities, the radiologists achieved a higher average test accuracy (90% vs. 85%, \u0394=5, p<0.001), sensitivity (88% vs. 79%, \u0394=9, p<0.001) and specificity (91% vs. 88%, \u0394=3, p=0.001). Conclusion AI assistance improved radiologists' performance in distinguishing COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT."}, {"pmid": 32223767, "pmcid": "PMC7167488", "title": "Unprecedented solutions for extraordinary times: Helping long-term care settings deal with the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Gaur, Swati", "Dumyati, Ghinwa", "Nace, David A", "Jump, Robin L P"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223767", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412513, "title": "Challenges for medical education in Mexico in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Barajas-Ochoa, Aldo", "Andrade-Romo, Jorge Santiago", "Ramos-Santillan, Vicente O"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412513", "countries": ["United States", "Mexico"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By April 2, 2020, only 116 days after the description of the first case of SARS-CoV2 virus infection, which causes the COVID-19 disease, 1,014,673 cases and 50,030 deaths have been recorded in 181 countries.1 In the United States, there have been 244,678 cases and 5,911 deaths recorded (in New York State alone, there are 93,053 cases and 2,538 deaths), while in Mexico, 1,378 cases and 37 deaths have been recorded. This number is expected to keep on increasing in both countries. The health system in Mexico, as well as in the rest of the world, will face an enormous problem in the months to come."}, {"pmid": 32532942, "title": "MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV infections in animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Cardona-Trujillo, Maria C", "Garcia-Barco, Alejandra", "Holguin-Rivera, Yeimer", "Cortes-Bonilla, Isabella", "Bedoya-Arias, Hugo A", "Patino-Cadavid, Leidy Jhoana", "Tamayo-Orozco, Juan David", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto", "Zambrano, Lysien I", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Sah, Ranjit", "Rabaan, Ali A", "Balbin-Ramon, Graciela J", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532942", "countries": ["Qatar"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are zoonotic viruses that include human epidemic pathogens such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome virus (MERS-CoV), and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus (SARS-CoV), among others (e.g., COVID-19, the recently emerging coronavirus disease). The role of animals as potential reservoirs for such pathogens remains an unanswered question. No systematic reviews have been published on this topic to date. We performed a systematic literature review with meta-analysis, using three databases to assess MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV infection in animals and its diagnosis by serological and molecular tests. We performed a random-effects model meta-analysis to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). 6,493articles were retrieved (1960-2019). After screening by abstract/title, 50 articles were selected for full-text assessment. Of them, 42 were finally included for qualitative and quantitative analyses. From a total of 34 studies (n=20,896 animals), the pool prevalence by RT-PCR for MERS-CoV was 7.2% (95%CI 5.6-8.7%), with 97.3% occurring in camels, in which pool prevalence was 10.3% (95%CI 8.3-12.3). Qatar was the country with the highest MERS-CoV RT-PCR pool prevalence: 32.6% (95%CI 4.8-60.4%). From 5 studies and 2,618 animals, for SARS-CoV, the RT-PCR pool prevalence was 2.3% (95%CI 1.3-3.3). Of those, 38.35% were reported on bats, in which the pool prevalence was 14.1% (95%CI0.0-44.6%). A considerable proportion of infected animals tested positive, particularly by nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT). This essential condition highlights the relevance of individual animals as reservoirs of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. In this meta-analysis, camels and bats were found to be positive by RT-PCR in over 10% of the cases for both; thus, suggesting their relevance in the maintenance of wild zoonotic transmission."}, {"pmid": 32133830, "title": "[Investigation and analysis on characteristics of a cluster of COVID-19 associated with exposure in a department store in Tianjin].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wu, W S", "Li, Y G", "Wei, Z F", "Zhou, P H", "Lyu, L K", "Zhang, G P", "Zhao, Y", "He, H Y", "Li, X Y", "Gao, L", "Zhang, X M", "Liu, H", "Zhou, N", "Guo, Y", "Zhang, X M", "Zhang, D", "Liu, J", "Zhang, Y"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133830", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of a cluster of COVID-19 cases reported in Baodi district of Tianjin as of 18 February, 2020, which might be associated with the exposure in a local department store, and provide suggestions for prevention and control strategy development. Methods: The basic characteristics, time and area distributions, clinical manifestations, epidemiological history and transmission mode of the COVID-19 cases associated with the department store exposure were analyzed. Results: A total of 40 COVID-19 cases were associated with the department store exposure, accounting for 75.47% of the total confirmed cases (53 cases) reported in Baodi district. The cases were mainly at the age of 60 years or older (35.00%) and farmers (40.00%). The main clinical manifestations included fever (95.00%), cough (35.00%), and diarrhea (15.00%). The proportion of confirmed severe cases was 32.50%. The incidence curve showed that the incidence peak occurred on 31 January, 2020. Among the 40 cases, 6(15.00%) were department store employees, 19 (47.50%) were customers and 15 (37.50%) were close contacts (secondary cases). The first case occurred on 21 January, 2020, this case was a department store employee who had a purchasing history at whole sale markets in other provinces and cities before the onset, and 3 employees were still on duty after symptom onsets. The median of the incubation period of customer cases was 6 days, and the median of the interval between onset and medical treatment of customer cases was 7 days. Conclusion: This was a cluster epidemic of COVID-19, which might be associated with the exposure in the department store. By now, the current prevention and control measures have achieved satisfied effects."}, {"pmid": 32453666, "title": "Mitigating the Psychological Harm of COVID-19 Pandemic for Clinicians.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Kuehn, Bridget M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453666", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402598, "pmcid": "PMC7151340", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and the stethoscope: Do not forget to sanitize.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Marinella, Mark A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402598", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353741, "pmcid": "PMC7195027", "title": "Phytotherapeutics and SARS-CoV-2 infection: Potential role of bioflavonoids.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Coppola, Maurizio", "Mondola, Raffaella"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353741", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364127, "pmcid": "PMC7180371", "title": "Acute stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ictus Madrid Program recommendations.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Pardo, J", "Fuentes, B", "Alonso de Lecinana, M", "Campollo, J", "Calleja Castano, P", "Carneado Ruiz, J", "Egido Herrero, J", "Garcia Leal, R", "Gil Nunez, A", "Gomez Cerezo, J F", "Martin Martinez, A", "Masjuan Vallejo, J", "Palomino Aguado, B", "Riera Lopez, N", "Simon de Las Heras, R", "Vivancos Mora, J", "Diez Tejedor, E"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364127", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in complete saturation of healthcare capacities, making it necessary to reorganise healthcare systems. In this context, we must guarantee the provision of acute stroke care and optimise code stroke protocols to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and rationalise the use of hospital resources. The Madrid Stroke multidisciplinary group presents a series of recommendations to achieve these goals. We conducted a non-systematic literature search using the keywords \"stroke\" and \"COVID-19\" or \"coronavirus\" or \"SARS-CoV-2.\" Our literature review also included other relevant studies known to the authors. Based on this literature review, a series of consensus recommendations were established by the Madrid Stroke multidisciplinary group and its neurology committee. These recommendations address 5 main objectives: 1) coordination of action protocols to ensure access to hospital care for stroke patients; 2) recognition of potentially COVID-19-positive stroke patients; 3) organisation of patient management to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare professionals; 4) avoidance of unnecessary neuroimaging studies and other procedures that may increase the risk of infection; and 5) safe, early discharge and follow-up to ensure bed availability. This management protocol has been called CORONA (Coordinate, Recognise, Organise, Neuroimaging, At home). The recommendations presented here may assist in the organisation of acute stroke care and the optimisation of healthcare resources, while ensuring the safety of healthcare professionals."}, {"pmid": 32522216, "title": "Risk management-based security evaluation model for telemedicine systems.", "journal": "BMC Med Inform Decis Mak", "authors": ["Kim, Dong-Won", "Choi, Jin-Young", "Han, Keun-Hee"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infectious diseases that can cause epidemics, such as COVID-19, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV, constitute a major social issue, with healthcare providers fearing secondary, tertiary, and even quaternary infections. To alleviate this problem, telemedicine is increasingly being viewed as an effective means through which patients can be diagnosed and medications prescribed by doctors via untact Thus, concomitant with developments in information and communication technology (ICT), medical institutions have actively analyzed and applied ICT to medical systems to provide optimal medical services. However, with the convergence of these diverse technologies, various risks and security threats have emerged. To protect patients and improve telemedicine quality for patient safety, it is necessary to analyze these risks and security threats comprehensively and institute appropriate countermeasures. The security threats likely to be encountered in each of seven telemedicine service areas were analyzed, and related data were collected directly through on-site surveys by a medical institution. Subsequently, an attack tree, the most popular reliability and risk modeling approach for systematically characterizing the potential risks of telemedicine systems, was examined and utilized with the attack occurrence probability and attack success probability as variables to provide a comprehensive risk assessment method. In this study, the most popular modelling method, an attack tree, was applied to the telemedicine environment, and the security concerns for telemedicine systems were found to be very large. Risk management and evaluation methods suitable for the telemedicine environment were identified, and their benefits and potential limitations were assessed. This research should be beneficial to security experts who wish to investigate the impacts of cybersecurity threats on remote healthcare and researchers who wish to identify new modeling opportunities to apply security risk modeling techniques."}, {"pmid": 32350004, "title": "Covid-19: Deaths in care home deaths in England and Wales rise sharply.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Dowd, Adrian"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350004", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510168, "title": "Clinical performance of different SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody tests.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kohmer, Niko", "Westhaus, Sandra", "Ruhl, Cornelia", "Ciesek, Sandra", "Rabenau, Holger F"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510168", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 serological assays are urgently needed for rapid diagnosis, contact tracing and for epidemiological studies. So far, there is limited data on how commercially available tests perform with real patient samples and if positive tested samples show neutralizing abilities. Focusing on IgG antibodies, we demonstrate the performance of two ELISA assays (Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 IgG and Vircell COVID-19 ELISA IgG) in comparison to one lateral flow assay ((LFA) FaStep COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Device) and two in-house developed assays (immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT)). We tested follow up serum/plasma samples of individuals PCR-diagnosed with COVID-19. Most of the SARS-CoV-2 samples were from individuals with moderate to severe clinical course, who required an in-patient hospital stay. For all examined assays, the sensitivity ranged from 58.8 to 76.5% for the early phase of infection (days 5-9) and from 93.8 to 100% for the later period (days 10-18). With exception of one sample, all positive tested COVID-19 follow up-samples, using the commercially available assays examined (including the in-house developed IFA), demonstrated neutralizing properties in the PRNT. Regarding specificity, some samples of endemic coronavirus (HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infected individuals cross-reacted in the ELISA assays and IFA, in one case generating a false positive result. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32390264, "pmcid": "PMC7272918", "title": "A blueprint for recovery for the postcoronavirus (COVID-19) world.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Miller, Craig S", "Carlson, Charles R"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390264", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395001, "pmcid": "PMC7211742", "title": "[Living evidence in response to controversies about the use of antimalarials in COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Santillan-Garcia, Azucena", "Bravo-Jeria, Rocio", "Verdugo-Paiva, Francisca", "Rada, Gabriel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395001", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525852, "title": "Knowledge and Practices Regarding Safe Household Cleaning and Disinfection for COVID-19 Prevention - United States, May 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Gharpure, Radhika", "Hunter, Candis M", "Schnall, Amy H", "Barrett, Catherine E", "Kirby, Amy E", "Kunz, Jasen", "Berling, Kirsten", "Mercante, Jeffrey W", "Murphy, Jennifer L", "Garcia-Williams, Amanda G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525852", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent report described a sharp increase in calls to poison centers related to exposures to cleaners and disinfectants since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (1). However, data describing cleaning and disinfection practices within household settings in the United States are limited, particularly concerning those practices intended to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. To provide contextual and behavioral insight into the reported increase in poison center calls and to inform timely and relevant prevention strategies, an opt-in Internet panel survey of 502 U.S. adults was conducted in May 2020 to characterize knowledge and practices regarding household cleaning and disinfection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowledge gaps were identified in several areas, including safe preparation of cleaning and disinfectant solutions, use of recommended personal protective equipment when using cleaners and disinfectants, and safe storage of hand sanitizers, cleaners, and disinfectants. Thirty-nine percent of respondents reported engaging in nonrecommended high-risk practices with the intent of preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission, such as washing food products with bleach, applying household cleaning or disinfectant products to bare skin, and intentionally inhaling or ingesting these products. Respondents who engaged in high-risk practices more frequently reported an adverse health effect that they believed was a result of using cleaners or disinfectants than did those who did not report engaging in these practices. Public messaging should continue to emphasize evidence-based, safe practices such as hand hygiene and recommended cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surfaces to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in household settings (2). Messaging should also emphasize avoidance of high-risk practices such as unsafe preparation of cleaning and disinfectant solutions, use of bleach on food products, application of household cleaning and disinfectant products to skin, and inhalation or ingestion of cleaners and disinfectants."}, {"pmid": 32370747, "pmcid": "PMC7200209", "title": "A single-center, retrospective study of COVID-19 features in children: a descriptive investigation.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Ma, Huijing", "Hu, Jiani", "Tian, Jie", "Zhou, Xi", "Li, Hui", "Laws, Maxwell Thomas", "Wesemann, Luke David", "Zhu, Baiqi", "Chen, Wei", "Ramos, Rafael", "Xia, Jun", "Shao, Jianbo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370747", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Compared to adults, there are relatively few studies on COVID-19 infection in children, and even less focusing on the unique features of COVID-19 in children in terms of laboratory findings, locations of computerized tomography (CT) lesions, and the role of CT in evaluating clinical recovery. The objective of this study is to report the results from patients at Wuhan Children's Hospital, located within the initial center of the outbreak. Clinical, imaging, and laboratory data of 76 children were collected retrospectively and analyzed with the Fisher exact test and Cox regression statistical methods. Among 50 children with a positive COVID-19 real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), five had negative PCR results initially but showed positive results in subsequent tests. Eight (16%) patients had lymphopenia, seven (14%) with thrombocytopenia, four (8%) with lymphocytosis, two (4%) with thrombocytosis, ten (20%) with elevated C-reactive protein, four (8%) with hemoglobin above, and six (12%) with below standard reference values. Seven (14%) of the 50 had no radiologic evidence of disease on chest CT. For the 43 patients who had abnormal CT findings, in addition to previously reported patterns of ground-glass opacity (67%), local patchy shadowing (37%), local bilateral patchy shadowing (21%), and lesion location of lower lobes (65%), other CT features include that an overwhelming number of pediatric patients had lesions in the subpleural area (95%) and 22 of the 28 lower lobe lesions were in the posterior segment (78%). Lesions in most of the 15 patients (67%) who received chest CT at discharge were not completely absorbed, and 26% of these pediatric patients had CT lesions that were either unchanged or worse. There were a few differences between COVID-19 children and COVID-19 adults in terms of laboratory findings and CT characteristics. CT is a powerful tool to detect and characterize COVID-19 pneumonia but has little utility in evaluating clinical recovery for children. These results oppose current COVID-19 hospital discharge criteria in China, as one requirement is that pulmonary imaging must show significant lesion absorption prior to discharge. These differences between pediatric and adult cases of COVID-19 may necessitate pediatric-specific discharge criteria."}, {"pmid": 32283149, "pmcid": "PMC7194520", "title": "Dynamics of faecal SARS-CoV-2 in infected children during the convalescent phase.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Xing, Yuhan", "Ni, Wei", "Wu, Qin", "Li, Wenjie", "Li, Guoju", "Wang, Wendi", "Tong, Jianning", "Song, Xiufeng", "Wong, Gary Wing Kin", "Xing, Quansheng"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283149", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370577, "pmcid": "PMC7212540", "title": "Risk factors for disease progression in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Hou, Wei", "Zhang, Wei", "Jin, Ronghua", "Liang, Lianchun", "Xu, Bin", "Hu, Zhongjie"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370577", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: To investigate the risk factors related to aggravation and clinical outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.Methods: We performed a retrospective study on the risk factors for disease progression of cases with COVID-19. Based on the clinical types, the patients were divided into a progression group and an improvement group. Multivariable logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were performed to explore the risk factors for disease progression.Results: A total of 101 patients were included in this study; diseases progression occurred in 17 patients, 84 patients improved, 6 were transferred to intensive care unit (ICU), and 5 died. The mean time to obtain negative nucleic acid results was 12.5\u2009\u00b1\u20095.0\u2009days. Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that age (OR, 0.104; p\u2009=\u2009.002), C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR, 0.093; p\u2009<\u2009.001) and lymphocyte count (OR, 3.397; p\u2009=\u2009.022) were risk factors for disease progression. ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUC of age, CRP and lymphocyte count for disease progression were 0.873, 0.911 and 0.817, respectively.Conclusions: Older age increased CRP and decreased lymphocyte count resulted in potential risk factors for COVID-19 progression. This may be helpful in identifying patients whose condition worsens at an early stage."}, {"pmid": 32531066, "title": "Case Report: Implementation of a Digital Chatbot to Screen Health System Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Judson, Timothy J", "Odisho, Anobel Y", "Young, Jerry J", "Bigazzi, Olivia", "Steuer, David", "Gonzales, Ralph", "Neinstein, Aaron B"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531066", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The screening of healthcare workers for COVID-19 symptoms and exposures prior to every clinical shift is important for preventing nosocomial spread of infection but creates a major logistical challenge. To make the screening process simple and efficient, UCSF Health designed and implemented a digital chatbot-based workflow. Within one week of forming a team, we conducted a product development sprint and deployed the digital screening process. In the first two months of use, over 270,000 digital screens have been conducted. This process has reduced wait times for employees entering our hospitals during shift changes, allowed for physical distancing at hospital entrances, prevented higher-risk individuals from coming to work, and provided our healthcare leaders with robust, real-time data for make staffing decisions."}, {"pmid": 32329629, "title": "Tobacco Smoking Increases the Lung Gene Expression of ACE2, the Receptor of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Cai, Guoshuai", "Bosse, Yohan", "Xiao, Feifei", "Kheradmand, Farrah", "Amos, Christopher I"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329629", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339915, "pmcid": "PMC7165093", "title": "Anti-CD20 immunosuppressive disease-modifying therapies and COVID-19.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Giovannoni, Gavin"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339915", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496107, "title": "Need for a population health approach to understand and address psychosocial consequences of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Sun, Shufang", "Lin, Danhua", "Operario, Don"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496107", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This commentary article provides observations on the psychosocial consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among people in China and articulates a population health perspective to understand and address identified issues. We highlight key psychosocial effects of COVID-19, such as anxiety, insomnia, and trauma response, in the context of salient factors that shape Chinese people's psychological experiences, including the availability of Internet and technology, large-scale quarantine, economic impact, and the rise of xenophobia globally. Further, from a population health perspective, we make recommendations in COVID-19-related research and interventions that aim to promote the psychosocial health of Chinese people. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32288597, "pmcid": "PMC7147532", "title": "Predicting the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on global supply chains: A simulation-based analysis on the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) case.", "journal": "Transp Res E Logist Transp Rev", "authors": ["Ivanov, Dmitry"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288597", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epidemic outbreaks are a special case of supply chain (SC) risks which is distinctively characterized by a long-term disruption existence, disruption propagations (i.e., the ripple effect), and high uncertainty. We present the results of a simulation study that opens some new research tensions on the impact of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) on the global SCs. First, we articulate the specific features that frame epidemic outbreaks as a unique type of SC disruption risks. Second, we demonstrate how simulation-based methodology can be used to examine and predict the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on the SC performance using the example of coronavirus COVID-19 and anyLogistix simulation and optimization software. We offer an analysis for observing and predicting both short-term and long-term impacts of epidemic outbreaks on the SCs along with managerial insights. A set of sensitivity experiments for different scenarios allows illustrating the model's behavior and its value for decision-makers. The major observation from the simulation experiments is that the timing of the closing and opening of the facilities at different echelons might become a major factor that determines the epidemic outbreak impact on the SC performance rather than an upstream disruption duration or the speed of epidemic propagation. Other important factors are lead-time, speed of epidemic propagation, and the upstream and downstream disruption durations in the SC. The outcomes of this research can be used by decision-makers to predict the operative and long-term impacts of epidemic outbreaks on the SCs and develop pandemic SC plans. Our approach can also help to identify the successful and wrong elements of risk mitigation/preparedness and recovery policies in case of epidemic outbreaks. The paper is concluded by summarizing the most important insights and outlining future research agenda."}, {"pmid": 32397684, "pmcid": "PMC7247005", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Inflammatory Syndrome. Clinical Features and Rationale for Immunological Treatment.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Prete, Marcella", "Favoino, Elvira", "Catacchio, Giacomo", "Racanelli, Vito", "Perosa, Federico"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397684", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is a global health emergency because of its highly contagious nature, the great number of patients requiring intensive care therapy, and the high fatality rate. In the absence of specific antiviral drugs, passive prophylaxis, or a vaccine, the treatment aim in these patients is to prevent the potent virus-induced inflammatory stimuli from leading to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has a severe prognosis. Here, the mechanism of action and the rationale for employing immunological strategies, which range from traditional chemically synthesized drugs, anti-cytokine antibodies, human immunoglobulin for intravenous use, to vaccines, are reviewed."}, {"pmid": 32426210, "pmcid": "PMC7227515", "title": "Benign course of COVID-19 in a multiple sclerosis patient treated with Ocrelizumab.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Suwanwongse, Kulachanya", "Shabarek, Nehad"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426210", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32105641, "pmcid": "PMC7128449", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: what has CT taught us?", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lee, Elaine Y P", "Ng, Ming-Yen", "Khong, Pek-Lan"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105641", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267782, "title": "Challenges Faced by Medical Journals During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Cannistra, Stephen A", "Haffty, Bruce G", "Ballman, Karla"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267782", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329924, "pmcid": "PMC7264615", "title": "Potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on financial toxicity in cancer survivors.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Baddour, Khalil", "Kudrick, Lauren D", "Neopaney, Aakriti", "Sabik, Lindsay M", "Peddada, Shyamal D", "Nilsen, Marci L", "Johnson, Jonas T", "Ferris, Robert L", "Mady, Leila J"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329924", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of COVID-19, cancer survivors represent a particularly vulnerable population that may be \"doubly hit\" by both costs of cancer treatment and financial strain imposed by the pandemic. We performed a review of the literature pertaining to cancer, financial toxicity, and economic challenges. Multiple societies have put forth recommendations to modify delivery of cancer care in order to minimize patient exposure to the virus. Cancer survivors, especially patients with head and neck cancer, have been disproportionately affected by rising unemployment levels and economic recessions in the past, both of which are linked to higher cancer mortality. Patients who rely on employer-provided insurance and do not qualify for Medicaid may lose access to life-saving treatments. It is essential to implement interventions and policy changes in order to mitigate the effects of this pandemic but also to ensure this becomes a nonissue during the next one."}, {"pmid": 32350794, "pmcid": "PMC7189175", "title": "Use of CT and artificial intelligence in suspected or COVID-19 positive patients: statement of the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Neri, Emanuele", "Miele, Vittorio", "Coppola, Francesca", "Grassi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350794", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic started in Italy in February 2020 with an exponential growth that has exceeded the number of cases reported in China. Italian radiology departments found themselves at the forefront in the management of suspected and positive COVID cases, both in diagnosis, in estimating the severity of the disease and in follow-up. In this context SIRM recommends chest X-ray as first-line imaging tool, CT as additional tool that shows typical features of COVID pneumonia, and ultrasound of the lungs as monitoring tool. SIRM recommends, as high priority, to ensure appropriate\u00a0sanitation procedures on the scan equipment after detecting any suspected or positive COVID-19 patients. In this emergency situation, several expectations have been raised by the scientific community about the role that artificial intelligence can have in improving the diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus infection, and SIRM wishes to deliver clear statements to the radiological community, on the usefulness of artificial intelligence as a radiological decision support system in COVID-19 positive patients. (1) SIRM supports the research on the use of artificial intelligence as a predictive and prognostic decision support system, especially in hospitalized patients and those admitted to intensive care, and welcomes single center of multicenter studies for a clinical validation of the test. (2) SIRM does not support the use of CT with artificial intelligence for screening or as first-line test to diagnose COVID-19. (3) Chest CT with artificial intelligence cannot replace molecular diagnosis tests with nose-pharyngeal swab (rRT-PCR) in suspected for COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32403168, "pmcid": "PMC7273056", "title": "Virtual Morning Report During COVID-19: A Novel Model for Case-Based Teaching Conferences.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Murdock, H Moses", "Penner, John C", "Le, Stephenie", "Nematollahi, Saman"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403168", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Case-based teaching conferences, such as morning report, offer trainees a forum to refine their clinical reasoning skills. The need for physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted medical education towards virtual learning. Educators must now leverage digital tools to support the ongoing education of medical trainees. To meet this need, the Clinical Problem Solvers developed and implemented a multi-institutional, online model for morning report called, \"virtual morning report (VMR).\""}, {"pmid": 32454092, "pmcid": "PMC7245314", "title": "MICROVASCULAR THROMBOSIS: EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS.", "journal": "Transl Res", "authors": ["Bray, Monica A", "Sartain, Sarah A", "Gollamudi, Jahnavi", "Rumbaut, Rolando E"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454092", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A significant amount of clinical and research interest in thrombosis is focused on large vessels (eg, stroke, myocardial infarction, deep venous thrombosis, etc.); however, thrombosis is often present in the microcirculation in a variety of significant human diseases, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombotic microangiopathy, sickle cell disease, and others. Further, microvascular thrombosis has recently been demonstrated in patients with COVID-19, and has been proposed to mediate the pathogenesis of organ injury in this disease. In many of these conditions, microvascular thrombosis is accompanied by inflammation, an association referred to as thromboinflammation. In this review, we discuss endogenous regulatory mechanisms that prevent thrombosis in the microcirculation, experimental approaches to induce microvascular thrombi, and clinical conditions associated with microvascular thrombosis. A greater understanding of the links between inflammation and thrombosis in the microcirculation is anticipated to provide optimal therapeutic targets for patients with diseases accompanied by microvascular thrombosis."}, {"pmid": 32474959, "title": "Mental Health Status of Dermatologists during the COVID-19 Pandemic; A Technology-based Therapy.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Goldust, Mohamad", "Agarwal, Komal", "Kroumpouzos, George", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Podder, Indrashis"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474959", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426652, "pmcid": "PMC7219987", "title": "Novel, Inexpensive Portable Respiratory Protection Unit (PRPU) for Healthcare Workers.", "journal": "Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med", "authors": ["Sampson, Christopher S", "Beckett, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426652", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given concern for increased aerosolization during intubation of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, we sought to create a portable, inexpensive, and easily constructed device to help protect healthcare workers. A respiratory protection unit can be constructed in approximately 30 minutes and for less than 50 United States dollars in materials, using polyvinylchloride pipe and automobile collision wrap. This device provides possible increased protection during video laryngoscopy and can easily be replicated."}, {"pmid": 32401668, "title": "Pediatric Peri-Operative Care in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Surg Infect (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Johnson, Wali R", "Shultz, Barbara", "Wootten, Christopher T", "Wellons, Jay C", "Upperman, Jeffrey S"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401668", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423299, "title": "Application of a Modified Endoscopy Face Mask for Flexible Laryngoscopy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Narwani, Vishal", "Kohli, Nikita", "Lerner, Michael Z"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423299", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diagnostic flexible laryngoscopy (DFL) is a critical tool in the armamentarium of an otolaryngologist. However, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, DFL represents a high-risk procedure for patients and otolaryngologists due to the risk of aerosolization. In cases where DFL is required, in patients with COVID-19 positivity or unknown COVID-19 status, we describe the use of a modified endoscopy face mask as an adjunct to personal protection equipment to reduce occupational transmission of COVID-19 while performing DFL. Our modified endoscopy mask provides an additional barrier against the transmission of airborne pathogens. The modified endoscopy face mask may also serve as a useful tool for otolaryngologists as they return to performing more aerosol-generating procedures in the outpatient setting."}, {"pmid": 32222883, "pmcid": "PMC7103107", "title": "Chronic kidney disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.", "journal": "Int Urol Nephrol", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon Michael", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222883", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496268, "title": "Wastewater monitoring and public health surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Manoj, Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496268", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312872, "title": "Neurology in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry", "authors": ["Manji, Hadi", "Carr, Aisling S", "Brownlee, Wallace J", "Lunn, Michael P"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312872", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377641, "pmcid": "PMC7200130", "title": "Initial data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance provider registries.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Vanjak, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377641", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233168, "pmcid": "PMC7105405", "title": "Mental Health and Psychological Intervention Amid COVID-19 Outbreak: Perspectives from South Korea.", "journal": "Yonsei Med J", "authors": ["Jung, Sun Jae", "Jun, Jin Yong"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233168", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425251, "pmcid": "PMC7229723", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 occurrence in a low prevalence area.", "journal": "Water Res", "authors": ["Randazzo, Walter", "Truchado, Pilar", "Cuevas-Ferrando, Enric", "Simon, Pedro", "Allende, Ana", "Sanchez, Gloria"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425251", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than 200,000 reported COVID-19 cases in Spain resulting in more than 20,800 deaths as of April 21, 2020. Faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from COVID-19 patients has extensively been reported. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in six wastewater treatments plants (WWTPs) serving the major municipalities within the Region of Murcia (Spain), the area with the lowest COVID-19 prevalence within Iberian Peninsula. Firstly, an aluminum hydroxide adsorption-precipitation concentration method was validated using a porcine coronavirus (Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, PEDV) and mengovirus (MgV). The procedure resulted in average recoveries of 10\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.5% and 10\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.1% in influent water (n\u00a0=\u00a02) and 3.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.6% and 6.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0% in effluent water (n\u00a0=\u00a02) samples for PEDV and MgV, respectively. Then, the method was used to monitor the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 from March 12 to April 14, 2020 in influent, secondary and tertiary effluent water samples. By using the real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) Diagnostic Panel validated by US CDC that targets three regions of the virus nucleocapsid (N) gene, we estimated quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA titers in untreated wastewater samples of 5.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2 log10 genomic copies/L on average. Two secondary water samples resulted positive (2 out of 18) and all tertiary water samples tested as negative (0 out 12). This environmental surveillance data were compared to declared COVID-19 cases at municipality level, revealing that members of the community were shedding SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their stool even before the first cases were reported by local or national authorities in many of the cities where wastewaters have been sampled. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in early stages of the spread of COVID-19 highlights the relevance of this strategy as an early indicator of the infection within a specific population. At this point, this environmental surveillance could be implemented by municipalities right away as a tool, designed to help authorities to coordinate the exit strategy to gradually lift its coronavirus lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32518445, "pmcid": "PMC7269754", "title": "How to worry better.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["McCloy, Rachel"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518445", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus outbreak continues, the science of dealing with uncertainty can help us make better decisions, says Rachel McCloy."}, {"pmid": 32464494, "pmcid": "PMC7240252", "title": "Homocysteine as a potential predictor of cardiovascular risk in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Ponti, Giovanni", "Ruini, Cristel", "Tomasi, Aldo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464494", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386712, "pmcid": "PMC7198986", "title": "Surgeons, plague, and leadership: A historical mantle to carry forward.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Barr, Justin", "Hwang, E Shelley", "Shortell, Cynthia K"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386712", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has sickened millions, killed hundreds of thousands, and disrupted daily life for citizens around the world. Utterly devastating, COVID-19 is but the most recent pandemic to sweep the globe. Throughout history, surgeons like Guy de Chauliac, James Lind, John Hunter, John Snow, and Walter Reed have led scientific campaigns to understand, prevent, and treat epidemics like the bubonic plague, scurvy, syphilis, cholera, and yellow fever. We as a surgical community should herald their examples and re-focus our efforts to pioneer investigations into the coronavirus, helping elucidate the biology, understand its social effects, and provide effective treatment regimens for the disease."}, {"pmid": 32358808, "pmcid": "PMC7267421", "title": "COVID-19 epidemic: Skin protection for health care workers must not be ignored.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Zhang, Bin", "Zhai, Ruijie", "Ma, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358808", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since first reported in 2019, pneumonia associated with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly developed into an outbreak across the world.1 Number of the patients of all age groups has increased significantly.2 In order to curb the spread of the epidemic, thousands of health care workers (HCWs) have joined the front line of the fight against this highly contagious disease.3 When taking care of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, HCWs must first protect themselves by performing adequate hand hygiene and using protective equipment including medical mask, goggles/face shield, gown and gloves.4 However, the wearing of these personal protective equipment (PPE) on a daily basis and the frequent use of hand disinfectants often cause skin problems which could reduce their enthusiasm for overloaded work and make them anxious at all stages of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32442697, "pmcid": "PMC7235556", "title": "Response to \"Reply to 'Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients': To consider varicella-like exanthem associated with COVID-19, virus varicella zoster and virus herpes simplex must be ruled out\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Marzano, Angelo Valerio", "Genovese, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442697", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480215, "pmcid": "PMC7255241", "title": "Trend of respiratory pathogens during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Sberna, Giuseppe", "Amendola, Alessandra", "Valli, Maria Beatrice", "Carletti, Fabrizio", "Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria", "Bordi, Licia", "Lalle, Eleonora"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480215", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Italy, the first SARS-CoV-2 infections were diagnosed in Rome, Lazio region, at the end of January 2020, but sustained transmission occurred later, since the end of February. From 1 February to 12 April 2020, 17,164 nasopharyngeal swabs were tested by real time PCR for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 at the Laboratory of Virology of National Institute for Infectious Diseases \"Lazzaro Spallanzani\" (INMI) in Rome. In the same period, coincident with the winter peak of influenza and other respiratory illnesses, 847 samples were analyzed by multiplex PCR assay for the presence of common respiratory pathogens. In our study the time trend of SARS-CoV-2 and that of other respiratory pathogens in the same observation period were analysed. Overall, results obtained suggest that the spread of the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 virus did not substantially affect the time trend of other respiratory infections in our region, highlighting no significant difference in rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with or without other respiratory pathogens. Therefore, in the present scenario of COVID-19 pandemic, differential diagnosis resulting positive for common respiratory pathogen(s) should not exclude testing of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32301804, "pmcid": "PMC7188033", "title": "A Multidisciplinary Team Approach for Triage of Elective Cancer Surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital During the Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Qadan, Motaz", "Hong, Theodore S", "Tanabe, Kenneth K", "Ryan, David P", "Lillemoe, Keith D"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301804", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413557, "pmcid": "PMC7215146", "title": "The more exposure to media information about COVID-19, the more distressed you will feel.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Yao, Hao"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413557", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334918, "pmcid": "PMC7164903", "title": "Acute Stroke Care in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis", "authors": ["Dafer, Rima M", "Osteraas, Nicholas D", "Biller, Jose"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334918", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic respiratory disease with serious public health risk and has taken the world off-guard with its rapid spread. As the COVID-19 pandemic intensifies, overwhelming the healthcare system and the medical community, current practice for the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) will require modification, and guidelines should be relaxed while maintaining high standard quality of care. The aim of these suggestions is to avoid contributing to the rapid spread of COVID-19 as well as to conserve what are likely to be very limited resources (including personnel, intensive care/hospital beds as well as physicians) while maintaining high quality care for patients with AIS. We present our recommendations for the management of acute stroke during the COVID-19 pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32345443, "pmcid": "PMC7151448", "title": "COVID-19: Key Concepts for the Surgeon.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Rubio-Perez, Ines", "Badia, Josep M", "Mora-Rillo, Marta", "Martin Quiros, Alejandro", "Garcia Rodriguez, Julio", "Balibrea, Jose M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345443", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In view of the current pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 it deems essential to understand the key concepts about the infection: its epidemiological origin, presentation, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment (still experimental in many cases). The knowledge about the virus is still limited, but as the pandemic progresses and the physiopathology of the disease is understood, new evidence is being massively published. Surgical specialists are facing an unprecedented situation: they must collaborate in the ER or medical wards attending these patients, while still needing to make decisions about surgical patients with probable COVID-19. The present narrative review aims to summarize the most relevant aspects and synthetize concepts on COVID-19 for surgeons."}, {"pmid": 32444191, "pmcid": "PMC7235600", "title": "A message from the trench: A day in the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Electrocardiol", "authors": ["Aisenberg, Gabriel M"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444191", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305035, "pmcid": "PMC7152888", "title": "Sentiment analysis of nationwide lockdown due to COVID 19 outbreak: Evidence from India.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Barkur, Gopalkrishna", "Vibha", "Kamath, Giridhar B"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305035", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452350, "title": "Understanding immune effects of oestrogens to explain the reduced morbidity and mortality in female versus male COVID-19 patients. Comparisons with autoimmunity and vaccination.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Cutolo, Maurizio", "Smith, Vanessa", "Paolino, Sabrina"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452350", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506055, "title": "Infection Control Precautions and Care Delivery in Hemodialysis Unit during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: A Case Series.", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Hu, Shou-Ci", "Fu, En-Qing", "Fan, Jun-Fen", "Ye, Qing-Qing", "Xia, Cong", "Gan, Tie-Er", "Ma, Hong-Zhen"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506055", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With an estimated basic reproductive number of 3.77, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread. It is urgent to exert adequate efforts for the management of dialysis patients, caregivers, and healthcare personnel (HCP). This study aimed at reporting practical workflow, identification of high-risk or suspected cases of CO-VID-19, and subsequent response measures. At the time of the COVID-19 outbreak, precautions and practice protocols were applied in our dialysis units (DUs). This single-center study retrospectively reviewed all high-risk/suspected cases from January 23, 2020, to February 10, 2020. Epidemiological, clinical feature, and detailed data on all cases were recorded. Practical workflow for the clinical management of dialysis patients, caregivers, and HCP was initiated. A total of 6 high-risk/suspected cases were identified. Female gender, older age, presence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, anuresis, immunocompromised status, hypoalbuminemia, and underweight were noticeable features in these cases. Direct evidence of infection or epidemiological risk was detected in five cases. Close monitoring for temperature and oxygen saturation during hemodialysis sessions may be reasonable. No confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported in our DU, but certain cases showed rapid deterioration due to other critically severe condition needing hospitalization. Portable dialysis machines are of great need to ensure dialysis care provision. Our study described a practical workflow for patient-centered management during COVID-19 outbreak. Potential risk factors and underlying clinical patterns were reported. Further studies regarding the efficacy of infection control precautions and practice protocols tailored for dialysis settings are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32246529, "title": "COVID-19: Protecting our ENT Workforce.", "journal": "Clin Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Tysome, James R", "Bhutta, Mahmood F"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246529", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307029, "pmcid": "PMC7191257", "title": "The importance of initial response during outbreaks: A perspective from observations on COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Yeo, Yao Yu", "Ganem, Bruce"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307029", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360285, "pmcid": "PMC7189845", "title": "Type I IFN immunoprofiling in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Trouillet-Assant, Sophie", "Viel, Sebastien", "Gaymard, Alexandre", "Pons, Sylvie", "Richard, Jean-Christophe", "Perret, Magali", "Villard, Marine", "Brengel-Pesce, Karen", "Lina, Bruno", "Mezidi, Mehdi", "Bitker, Laurent", "Belot, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360285", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462970, "title": "Identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-COV-2 endoribonuclease (EndoU) from FDA approved drugs: a drug repurposing approach to find therapeutics for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Chandra, Anshuman", "Gurjar, Vaishali", "Qamar, Imteyaz", "Singh, Nagendra"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462970", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is causative agent of COVID-19, which is responsible for severe social and economic disruption globally. Lack of vaccine or antiviral drug with clinical efficacy suggested that drug repurposing approach may provide a quick therapeutic solution to COVID-19. Nonstructural protein-15 (NSP15) encodes for an uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (EndoU) enzyme, essential for virus life cycle and an attractive target for drug development. We have performed in silico based virtual screening of FDA approved compounds targeting EndoU in search of COVID-19 drugs from commercially available approved molecules. Two drugs Glisoxepide and Idarubicin used for treatment for diabetes and leukemia, respectively, were selected as stronger binder of EndoU. Both the drugs bound to the active site of the viral endonuclease by forming attractive intermolecular interactions with catalytically essential amino acid residues, His235, His250, and Lys290. Molecular dynamics simulation studies showed stable conformation dynamics upon drugs binding to endoU. The binding free energies for Glisoxepide and Idarubicin were calculated to be -141\u2009\u00b1\u200911 and -136\u2009\u00b1\u200916\u2009kJ/mol, respectively. The IC50 were predicted to be 9.2\u2009\u00b5M and 30\u2009\u00b5M for Glisoxepide and Idarubicin, respectively. Comparative structural analysis showed the stronger binding of EndoU to Glisoxepide and Idarubicin than to uridine monophosphate (UMP). Surface area calculations showed buried are of 361.8\u00c52 by Glisoxepide which is almost double of the area occupied by UMP suggesting stronger binding of the drug than the ribonucleotide. However, further studies on these drugs for evaluation of their clinical efficacy and dose formulations may be required, which may provide a quick therapeutic option to treat COVID-19. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32366374, "title": "Covid-19: Deprived areas have the highest death rates in England and Wales.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366374", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383637, "pmcid": "PMC7267095", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on mental health in the Hispanic Caribbean region.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Llibre-Guerra, Jorge J", "Jimenez-Velazquez, Ivonne Z", "Llibre-Rodriguez, Juan J", "Acosta, Daisy"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383637", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348627, "title": "Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia: a disease not to be forgotten during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Gaetani, Eleonora", "Cesare Passali, Giulio", "Elena Riccioni, Maria", "Tortora, Annalisa", "Pola, Roberto", "Costamagna, Guido", "Gasbarrini, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348627", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From November 2019 to date, almost six thousand papers have been published on COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. As physicians working in a multidisciplinary centre for the cure of Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) in a country (Italy) that has been severely affected by COVID-19, we are surprised that, among this impressive amount of publications, there is none on HHT. Indeed, we performed our last PubMed search on 22 April 2020, using the keywords \"Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia\" OR \"Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia\" OR \"HHT\" OR \"Rendu-Osler-Weber\" AND \"COVID-19\" OR \"coronavirus\", and found no papers. This is surprising, because, although HHT is a rare disease, there are many reasons why we believe that it deserves special attention during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32369592, "pmcid": "PMC7239134", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: a live class on medical professionalism.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Shi, Wen", "Jiao, Yang"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369592", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454503, "title": "Stroke in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-1.", "journal": "Cerebrovasc Dis", "authors": ["Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy", "Hennerici, Michael G"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454503", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224295, "pmcid": "PMC7270835", "title": "The COVID-19 response must be disability inclusive.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Armitage, Richard", "Nellums, Laura B"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419658, "title": "COVID-19 and Long-Term Care Policy for Older People in Canada.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Beland, Daniel", "Marier, Patrik"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419658", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older people are especially vulnerable to COVID-19, including and especially people living in long-term care facilities. In this Perspective, we discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care policy in Canada. More specifically, we use the example of recent developments in Quebec, where a tragedy in a specific facility is acting as a dramatic \"focusing event\". It draws attention to the problems facing long-term care facilities, considering existing policy legacies and the opening of a \"policy window\" that may facilitate comprehensive reforms in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32471636, "pmcid": "PMC7175847", "title": "Could ferritin help the screening for COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients?", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Bataille, Stanislas", "Pedinielli, Nathalie", "Bergounioux, Jean-Philippe"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471636", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530499, "title": "The epidemiology and clinical characteristics of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses in patients during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yue, Huihui", "Zhang, Ming", "Xing, Lihua", "Wang, Ke", "Rao, Xiaoling", "Liu, Hong", "Tian, Jianbo", "Zhou, Peng", "Deng, Yan", "Shang, Jin"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530499", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, we performed a single-centred study of 307 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. It was found that co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus was common during COVID-19 outbreak. And patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza B virus have a higher risk of developing poor outcomes so a detection of both viruses was recommended during COVID-19 outbreak. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32284234, "pmcid": "PMC7270963", "title": "The preventive strategies of community hospital in the battle of fighting pandemic COVID-19 in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Yang, Chih-Jen", "Chen, Tun-Chieh", "Chen, Yen-Hsu"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284234", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492256, "title": "How to support the quality of life of people living with cognitive disorders? A (k)new challenge in the post-Covid World.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Chen, Yaohua", "Chen, Christopher"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492256", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently more than five million confirmed cases and over 300,000 deaths due to COVID-19 infection have occurred worldwide (1). In the absence of a vaccine, effective prophylaxis or treatment, containment relies on restrictive lockdown measures, as has occurred in most European countries."}, {"pmid": 32452701, "title": "An up-to-date overview of computational polypharmacology in modern drug discovery.", "journal": "Expert Opin Drug Discov", "authors": ["Chaudhari, Rajan", "Fong, Long Wolf", "Tan, Zhi", "Huang, Beibei", "Zhang, Shuxing"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452701", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In recent years, computational polypharmacology has gained significant attention to study the promiscuous nature of drugs. Despite tremendous challenges, community-wide efforts have led to a variety of novel approaches for predicting drug polypharmacology. In particular, some rapid advances using machine learning and artificial intelligence have been reported with great success. In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive update on the current state-of-the-art polypharmacology approaches and their applications, focusing on those reports published after our 2017 review article. The authors particularly discuss some novel, groundbreaking concepts, and methods that have been developed recently and applied to drug polypharmacology studies. Polypharmacology is evolving and novel concepts are being introduced to counter the current challenges in the field. However, major hurdles remain including incompleteness of high-quality experimental data, lack of in vitro and in vivo assays to characterize multi-targeting agents, shortage of robust computational methods, and challenges to identify the best target combinations and design effective multi-targeting agents. Fortunately, numerous national/international efforts including multi-omics and artificial intelligence initiatives as well as most recent collaborations on addressing the COVID-19 pandemic have shown significant promise to propel the field of polypharmacology forward."}, {"pmid": 32420945, "title": "Crime in Italy at the time of the pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Travaini, Guido", "Caruso, Palmina", "Merzagora, Isabella"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420945", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The beginning of 2020 has been marked by a historic event of worldwide importance: the Coronavirus pandemic. This emergency has resulted in severe global problems affecting areas such as healthcare and the social and economic fields. What about crime? The purpose of this work is to reflect about Italy and its crime rate at the time of Coronavirus. Some crimes will be analysed (the \"conventional\" ones only, ruling out health-related offences) in the light of data resulting from Ministries and Europol reports, as well as from newspapers and news. The outcome will be explained, and some criminological remarks will be added."}, {"pmid": 32364242, "pmcid": "PMC7239146", "title": "An e-mental health intervention to support burdened people in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: CoPE It.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Bauerle, Alexander", "Graf, Johanna", "Jansen, Christoph", "Dorrie, Nora", "Junne, Florian", "Teufel, Martin", "Skoda, Eva-Maria"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364242", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the novel SARS CoV-2-virus (COVID-19) is pushing national and international healthcare systems to their limits. The aspect of mental health issues, which has been neglected (so far) in times of social isolation and governmental restrictions, now demands innovative and situation-based approaches to support psychological burdened people. The developed e-mental health intervention 'CoPE It' offers manualized, evidence-based psychotherapeutic/psychological support to overcome psychological distress in times of COVID-19. E-mental health approaches offer great possibilities to support burdened people during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic effectively."}, {"pmid": 32515076, "title": "COVID-19 infection in pancreas transplant recipients.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dube, Geoffrey K", "Husain, S Ali", "McCune, Kasi R", "Sandoval, P Rodrigo", "Ratner, Lloyd E", "Cohen, David J"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515076", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic since first being described in January 2020. Clinical manifestations in non-transplant patients range from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan system failure and death. Limited reports in kidney transplant recipients suggest similar characteristics in that population. We report here the first case series of COVID-19 infection occurring in pancreas transplant recipients."}, {"pmid": 32458565, "title": "Mortality of people with intellectual disabilities during the 2017/2018 influenza epidemic in the Netherlands: potential implications for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Intellect Disabil Res", "authors": ["Cuypers, M", "Schalk, B W M", "Koks-Leensen, M C J", "Nagele, M E", "Bakker-van Gijssel, E J", "Naaldenberg, J", "Leusink, G L"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458565", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data on the development of Covid-19 among people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are scarce and it is uncertain to what extent general population data applies to people with ID. To give an indication of possible implications, this study investigated excess mortality patterns during a previous influenza epidemic. Using Dutch population and mortality registers, a historical cohort study was designed to compare mortality during the 2017-2018 influenza epidemic with mortality in the same period in the three previous years. People with ID were identified by entitlements to residential ID-care services as retrieved from a national database. Data covered the entire adult Dutch population (12.6 million; GenPop), of which 91\u00a0064 individuals were identified with an ID. During the influenza epidemic, mortality among people with ID increased almost three times as much than in the GenPop (15.2% vs. 5.4%), and more among male individuals with ID (+19.5%) than among female individuals with ID (+10.6%), as compared with baseline. In both cohorts, comparable increases in mortality within older age groups and due to respiratory causes were seen. Particularly in the ID-cohort, excess deaths also occurred in younger age groups, due to endocrine diseases and ID-specific causes. During the 2017-2018 influenza epidemic, excess mortality among people with ID was three times higher than in the general Dutch population, appeared more often at young age and with a broader range of underlying causes. These findings suggest that a pandemic may disproportionally affect people with ID while population data may not immediately raise warnings. Early detection of diverging patterns and faster implementation of tailored strategies therefore require collection of good quality data."}, {"pmid": 32129667, "title": "Breastfeeding and Respiratory Antivirals: Coronavirus and Influenza.", "journal": "Breastfeed Med", "authors": ["Anderson, Philip O"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129667", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531251, "title": "COVID-19 and Cushing's syndrome: recommendations for a special population with endogenous glucocorticoid excess.", "journal": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "authors": ["Pivonello, Rosario", "Ferrigno, Rosario", "Isidori, Andrea M", "Biller, Beverly M K", "Grossman, Ashley B", "Colao, Annamaria"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531251", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359403, "pmcid": "PMC7252180", "title": "Fewer cancer diagnoses during the COVID-19 epidemic in the Netherlands.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Dinmohamed, Avinash G", "Visser, Otto", "Verhoeven, Rob H A", "Louwman, Marieke W J", "van Nederveen, Francien H", "Willems, Stefan M", "Merkx, Matthias A W", "Lemmens, Valery E P P", "Nagtegaal, Iris D", "Siesling, Sabine"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359403", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432784, "title": "Editorial - High dose intravenous immunoglobulins as a therapeutic option for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Scoppetta, C", "Di Gennaro, G", "Polverino, F"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432784", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32151334, "pmcid": "PMC7158939", "title": "What are the risks of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Qiao, Jie"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151334", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444415, "title": "Clinical features of rheumatic patients infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Ye, Cong", "Cai, Shaozhe", "Shen, Guifen", "Guan, Hanxiong", "Zhou, Liling", "Hu, Yangyang", "Tu, Wei", "Chen, Yu", "Yu, Yikai", "Wu, Xuefen", "Chen, Yuxue", "Zhong, Jixin", "Dong, Lingli"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444415", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical features of rheumatic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not been reported. This study aimed to describe the clinical features of COVID-19 in rheumatic patients and provide information for handling this situation in clinical practice. This is a retrospective case series study. Deidentified data, including gender, age, laboratory and radiological results, symptoms, signs, and medication history, were collected from 2326 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, including 21 cases in combination with rheumatic disease, in Tongji Hospital between 13 January and 15 March 2020. Length of hospital stay and mortality rate were similar between rheumatic and non-rheumatic groups, while the presence of respiratory failure was more common in rheumatic cases (38% vs 10%, p<0.001). Symptoms of fever, fatigue and diarrhoea were seen in 76%, 43% and 23% of patients, respectively. There were four rheumatic patients who experienced a flare of rheumatic disease during hospital stay, with symptoms of muscle aches, back pain, joint pain or rash. While lymphocytopaenia was seen in 57% of rheumatic patients, only one patient (5%) presented with leucopenia in rheumatic cases. Rheumatic patients presented with similar radiological features of ground-glass opacity and consolidation. Patients with pre-existing interstitial lung disease showed massive fibrous stripes and crazy-paving signs at an early stage. Five rheumatic cases used hydroxychloroquine before the diagnosis of COVID-19 and none progressed to critically ill stage. Respiratory failure was more common in rheumatic patients infected with COVID-19. Differential diagnosis between COVID-19 and a flare of rheumatic disease should be considered. ChiCTR2000030795."}, {"pmid": 32386218, "pmcid": "PMC7239136", "title": "Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Telerehabilitation the Answer?", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Turolla, Andrea", "Rossettini, Giacomo", "Viceconti, Antonello", "Palese, Alvisa", "Geri, Tommaso"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386218", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379112, "pmcid": "PMC7219842", "title": "Novel Coronavirus COVID-19: Current Evidence and Evolving Strategies.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Vannabouathong, Christopher", "Devji, Tahira", "Ekhtiari, Seper", "Chang, Yaping", "Phillips, Steven A", "Zhu, Meng", "Chagla, Zain", "Main, Cheryl", "Bhandari, Mohit"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379112", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267220, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Specific Antibody Responses in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Okba, Nisreen M A", "Muller, Marcel A", "Li, Wentao", "Wang, Chunyan", "GeurtsvanKessel, Corine H", "Corman, Victor M", "Lamers, Mart M", "Sikkema, Reina S", "de Bruin, Erwin", "Chandler, Felicity D", "Yazdanpanah, Yazdan", "Le Hingrat, Quentin", "Descamps, Diane", "Houhou-Fidouh, Nadhira", "Reusken, Chantal B E M", "Bosch, Berend-Jan", "Drosten, Christian", "Koopmans, Marion P G", "Haagmans, Bart L"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267220", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has recently emerged to cause a human pandemic. Although molecular diagnostic tests were rapidly developed, serologic assays are still lacking, yet urgently needed. Validated serologic assays are needed for contact tracing, identifying the viral reservoir, and epidemiologic studies. We developed serologic assays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing, spike protein-specific, and nucleocapsid-specific antibodies. Using serum samples from patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, other coronaviruses, or other respiratory pathogenic infections, we validated and tested various antigens in different in-house and commercial ELISAs. We demonstrated that most PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected persons seroconverted by 2 weeks after disease onset. We found that commercial S1 IgG or IgA ELISAs were of lower specificity, and sensitivity varied between the 2 assays; the IgA ELISA showed higher sensitivity. Overall, the validated assays described can be instrumental for detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies for diagnostic, seroepidemiologic, and vaccine evaluation studies."}, {"pmid": 32505811, "title": "Ensuring Sustainability of Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy in the Face of Extraordinary Demand: Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Chua, Horng-Ruey", "Laren, Graeme Mac", "Choong, Lina Hui-Lin", "Chionh, Chang-Yin", "Khoo, Benjamin Zhi En", "Yeo, See-Cheng", "Sewa, Duu-Wen", "Ng, Shin-Yi", "Choo, Jason Chon-Jun", "Teo, Boon-Wee", "Tan, Han-Khim", "Siow, Wen-Ting", "Agrawal, Rohit", "Tan, Chieh-Suai", "Vathsala, Anantharaman", "Tagore, Rajat", "Seow, Terina Ying-Ying", "Khatri, Priyanka", "Hong, Wei-Zhen", "Kaushik, Manish"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505811", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the exponential surge in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients worldwide, the resources needed to provide continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) for patients with acute kidney injury or kidney failure may be threatened. This article summarizes subsisting strategies that can be implemented immediately. Pre-emptive weekly multi-center projections of CKRT demand based on evolving COVID-19 epidemiology and routine workload should be made. Corresponding consumables should be quantified and acquired, with diversification of sources from multiple vendors. Supply procurement should be stepped up accordingly, so that a several-week stock is amassed, with administrative oversight to prevent disproportionate hoarding by institutions. Consumption of CKRT resources can be made more efficient by optimizing circuit anticoagulation to preserve filters, extending use of each vascular access, lowering blood flows to reduce citrate consumption, moderating the CKRT intensity to conserve fluids, or running accelerated KRT at higher clearance to treat more patients per machine. If logistically feasible, earlier transition to intermittent hemodialysis with online generated dialysate, or urgent peritoneal dialysis in selected patients, may help reduce CKRT dependency. These measures, coupled to multi-center collaboration and a corresponding increase in trained medical and nursing staffing levels, may avoid downstream rationing of care and save lives during the peak of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32454136, "pmcid": "PMC7245198", "title": "The role of IgA in COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Chao, Yin Xia", "Rotzschke, Olaf", "Tan, Eng-King"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454136", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503662, "pmcid": "PMC7273378", "title": "Norwegian Coronavirus Disease 2019 (NO COVID-19) Pragmatic Open label Study to assess early use of hydroxychloroquine sulphate in moderately severe hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Lyngbakken, Magnus Nakrem", "Berdal, Jan-Erik", "Eskesen, Arne", "Kvale, Dag", "Olsen, Inge Christoffer", "Rangberg, Anbjorg", "Jonassen, Christine Monceyron", "Omland, Torbjorn", "Rosjo, Helge", "Dalgard, Olav"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503662", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The hypothesis of the study is that treatment with hydroxychloroquine sulphate in hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is safe and will accelerate the virological clearance rate for patients with moderately severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) when compared to standard care. Furthermore, we hypothesize that early treatment with hydroxychloroquine sulphate is associated with more rapid resolve of clinical symptoms as assessed by the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2), decreased admission rate to intensive care units and mortality, and improvement in protein biomarker profiles (C-reactive protein, markers of renal and hepatic injury, and established cardiac biomarkers like cardiac troponin and B-type natriuretic peptide). The study is a two-arm, open label, pragmatic randomised controlled group sequential adaptive trial designed to assess the effect on viral loads and clinical outcome of hydroxychloroquine sulphate therapy in addition to standard care compared to standard care alone in patients with established Covid-19. By utilizing resources already paid for by the hospitals (physicians and nurses in daily clinical practice), this pragmatic trial can include a larger number of patients over a short period of time and at a lower cost than studies utilizing traditional randomized controlled trial designs with an external study organization. The pragmatic approach will enable swift initiation of randomisation and allocation to treatment. Patients will be recruited from all inpatients at Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway. Electronic real-time surveillance of laboratory reports from the Department of Microbiology will be examined regularly for SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects. All of the following conditions must apply to the prospective patient at screening prior to inclusion: (1) Hospitalisation; (2) Adults 18 years or older; (3) Moderately severe Covid-19 disease (NEWS2 of 6 or less); (4) SARS-CoV-2 positive nasopharyngeal swab; (5) Expected time of hospitalisation > 48 hours; and (6) Signed informed consent must be obtained and documented according to Good Clinical Practice guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization, and national/local regulations. Patients will be excluded from participation in the study if they meet any of the following criteria: (1) Requiring intensive care unit admission at screening; (2) History of psoriasis; (3) Known adverse reaction to hydroxychloroquine sulphate; (4) Pregnancy; or (5) Prolonged corrected QT interval (>450 ms). Clinical data, including standard hospital biochemistry, medical therapy, vital signs, NEWS2, and microbiology results (including blood culture results and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] for other upper airway viruses), will be automatically extracted from the hospital electronic records and merged with the study specific database. Included patients will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to (1) standard care with the addition of 400 mg hydroxychloroquine sulphate (PlaquenilTM) twice daily for seven days or (2) standard care alone. The primary endpoint of the study is the rate of decline in SARS-CoV-2 viral load in oropharyngeal samples as assessed by RT-PCR in samples collected at baseline, 48 and 96 hours after randomization and administration of drug for the intervention arm. Secondary endpoints include change in NEWS2 at 96 hours after randomisation, admission to intensive care unit, mortality (in-hospital, and at 30 and 90 days), duration of hospital admission, clinical status on a 7-point ordinal scale 14 days after randomization ([1] Death [2] Hospitalised, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [3] Hospitalised, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices [4] Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen [5] Hospitalised, not requiring supplemental oxygen [6] Not hospitalized, but unable to resume normal activities [7] Not hospitalised, with resumption of normal activities), and improvement in protein biomarker profiles (C-reactive protein, markers of renal and hepatic injury, and established cardiac biomarkers like cardiac troponin and B-type natriuretic peptide) at 96 hours after randomization. Eligible patients will be allocated in a 1:1 ratio, using a computer randomisation procedure. The allocation sequence has been prepared by an independent statistician. Open label randomised controlled pragmatic trial without blinding, no active or placebo control. The virologist assessing viral load in the oropharyngeal samples and the statistician responsible for analysis of the data will be blinded to the treatment allocation for the statistical analyses. This is a group sequential adaptive trial where analyses are planned after 51, 101, 151 and 202 completed patients, with a maximum sample size of 202 patients (101 patients allocated to intervention and standard care and 101 patients allocated to standard care alone). Protocol version 1.3 (March 26, 2020). Recruitment of first patient on March 26, 2020, and 51 patients were included as per April 28, 2020. Study recruitment is anticipated to be completed by July 2020. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04316377. Trial registered March 20, 2020. The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32455090, "pmcid": "PMC7243064", "title": "Two False Negative Test Results in a Symptomatic Patient with a Confirmed Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Suspected Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN).", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Lagziel, Tomer", "Quiroga, Luis", "Ramos, Margarita", "Hultman, Charles S", "Asif, Mohammed"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455090", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has put significant strain on the current health system and has exposed dangers previously overlooked. The pathogen known as\u00a0severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), is notable for attacking the pulmonary system causing acute respiratory distress, but it can also severely affect other systems in at-risk individuals including cardiovascular compromise, gastrointestinal distress, acute kidney injury, coagulopathies, cutaneous manifestations, and ultimately death from multi-organ failure. Unfortunately, the reliability of negative test results is questionable and the high infectious burden of the virus calls for extended safety precautions, especially in symptomatic patients. We present a confirmed COVID-19 case that was transferred to our burn center for concern of Steven Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) overlap syndrome after having two negative confirmatory COVID-19 tests at an outside hospital. A 58-year-old female with\u00a0a history of morbid obesity, HTN, gout, CML managed with imatinib, and chronic kidney disease\u00a0presented as a transfer from a community hospital to our burn center. The patient was admitted to her community hospital with febrile, acute respiratory distress. Imaging and clinical presentation was consistent with COVID-19 and lab tests for the pathogen were ordered. During observation, while waiting for results, she was placed under patient under\u00a0investigation (PUI) protocol. Once negative results were obtained, the PUI protocol was abandoned despite ongoing symptoms. Subsequently, dermatological symptoms developed and transfer to our burn center was initiated. After a second negative test result, the symptomatic patient was transferred to our burn center for expert wound management. Given the lack of resolve of respiratory symptoms and concern for the burn patient population, the patient was placed in PUI protocol and an internal COVID-19 was ordered.\u00a0The patient's initial exam under standard COVID-19 airborne precautions revealed 5% total body surface area of loss of epidermis affecting bilateral thighs, bilateral arms, and face. A dermatopathological biopsy suggested a bullous drug reaction with an erythema multiform-like reaction pattern versus SJS/TEN. Moreover, the internal COVID-19 test returned positive. The delayed positive test results and complicated hospital course with our patient required us to scale back and notify every patient and staff member whom they came in contact with, across multiple institutions. We suggest that whenever a suspected COVID-19 patient is transferred to a specialized center, they should be isolated and re-checked before joining the new patient population for treatment of the unique condition."}, {"pmid": 32216698, "pmcid": "PMC7191627", "title": "Elevated Plasmin(ogen) as a Common Risk Factor for COVID-19 Susceptibility.", "journal": "Physiol Rev", "authors": ["Ji, Hong-Long", "Zhao, Runzhen", "Matalon, Sadis", "Matthay, Michael A"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216698", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular illness, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and kidney dysfunction have worse clinical outcomes when infected with SARS-CoV-2, for unknown reasons. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence for the existence of elevated plasmin(ogen) in COVID-19 patients with these comorbid conditions. Plasmin, and other proteases, may cleave a newly inserted furin site in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2, extracellularly, which increases its infectivity and virulence. Hyperfibrinolysis associated with plasmin leads to elevated D-dimer in severe patients. The plasmin(ogen) system may prove a promising therapeutic target for combating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32490892, "title": "Safety model for chest drainage in pandemic by COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Col Bras Cir", "authors": ["Carvalho, Erlon DE Avila", "Oliveira, Marina Varela Braga DE"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490892", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over one million cases of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been confirmed worldwide, with the death toll exceeding 50,000 people. An important issue to be addressed concerns the exposure of health professionals to this new virus. The first reports from Wuhan province, China, described infection rates of up to 29% among healthcare professionals before the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was fully regulated. There are several protocols on the correct use of PPE during aerosol-generating procedures. However, there is no specific guidance on how to proceed in cases of need for chest tubes in patients with positive COVID-19 active air leak. The objective of this work is to assist surgeons of the most diverse specialties during the chest drainage of a patient with COVID-19 and to avoid a risk of contamination to the professional and the environment."}, {"pmid": 32313308, "pmcid": "PMC7165254", "title": "COVID-19 and the policy sciences: initial reactions and perspectives.", "journal": "Policy Sci", "authors": ["Weible, Christopher M", "Nohrstedt, Daniel", "Cairney, Paul", "Carter, David P", "Crow, Deserai A", "Durnova, Anna P", "Heikkila, Tanya", "Ingold, Karin", "McConnell, Allan", "Stone, Diane"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313308", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is in the grip of a crisis that stands unprecedented in living memory. The COVID-19 pandemic is urgent, global in scale, and massive in impacts. Following Harold D. Lasswell's goal for the policy sciences to offer insights into unfolding phenomena, this commentary draws on the lessons of the policy sciences literature to understand the dynamics related to COVID-19. We explore the ways in which scientific and technical expertise, emotions, and narratives influence policy decisions and shape relationships among citizens, organizations, and governments. We discuss varied processes of adaptation and change, including learning, surges in policy responses, alterations in networks (locally and globally), implementing policies across transboundary issues, and assessing policy success and failure. We conclude by identifying understudied aspects of the policy sciences that deserve attention in the pandemic's aftermath."}, {"pmid": 32146921, "pmcid": "PMC7113032", "title": "COVID-19 and gender-specific difference: Analysis of public surveillance data in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China, from January 10 to February 15, 2020.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Cao, Peihua", "Chong, Marc K C", "Gao, Daozhou", "Lou, Yijun", "Ran, Jinjun", "Wang, Kai", "Wang, Weiming", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai", "Wang, Maggie H"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32146921", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268043, "title": "Provision of Service During the Covid-19 Pandemic", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["Nason, G J", "Rohan, P", "O'Reilly, M K"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268043", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309267, "pmcid": "PMC7162576", "title": "Anosmia and Dysgeusia in the Absence of Other Respiratory Diseases: Should COVID-19 Infection Be Considered?", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Lorenzo Villalba, Noel", "Maouche, Yasmine", "Alonso Ortiz, Maria Belen", "Cordoba Sosa, Zaida", "Chahbazian, Jean Baptiste", "Syrovatkova, Aneska", "Pertoldi, Pierre", "Andres, Emmanuel", "Zulfiqar, Abrar-Ahmad"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309267", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe two elderly patients evaluated at emergency departments for anosmia/dysgeusia in the absence of any other respiratory symptoms prior to or upon admission. In the current epidemiological context, clinical and biological work-up led to a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Unfortunately, one of the patients died during hospitalization, but the other recovered and was discharged. In the current epidemiological situation, anosmia and dysgeusia in the absence of other respiratory conditions should be carefully evaluated.Special attention should be given to patients with non-classic COVID-19 symptoms in order to reduce transmission and protect health providers."}, {"pmid": 32359857, "pmcid": "PMC7195076", "title": "A plastic surgery service response to COVID-19 in one of the largest teaching hospitals in Europe.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Armstrong, A", "Jeevaratnam, J", "Murphy, G", "Pasha, M", "Tough, A", "Conway-Jones, R", "Mifsud, R W", "Tucker, S"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359857", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is presenting a colossal challenge to frontline NHS staff. This paper highlights how plastic surgery teams can use their diverse skills and resources in times of crisis. Through effective strategy and leadership we present how we are adapting as a department to serve our plastic surgery patients, other hospital teams and the Trust."}, {"pmid": 32534149, "title": "Virtually-supported home peanut introduction during COVID-19 for at-risk infants.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Mack, Douglas P", "Hanna, Mariam A", "Abrams, Elissa M", "Wong, Tiffany", "Soller, Lianne", "Erdle, Stephanie C", "Jeimy, Samira", "Protudjer, Jennifer Lp", "Chan, Edmond S"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534149", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455475, "title": "COVID-19 in a melanoma patient under treatment with checkpoint-inhibition.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Schmidle, P", "Biedermann, T", "Posch, C"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455475", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 poses new challenges in all aspects of healthcare. Patients with preexisting cardio-vascular conditions are at higher risk of developing severe symptoms and worse outcome. Data also suggest that cancer patients are particularly vulnerable, but differences between tumor entities and cancer treatments may exist. Little is known how cancer treatment engaging immune checkpoints affects the course of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32432218, "pmcid": "PMC7226312", "title": "COVID-19 Special Column: COVID-19 Hits Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Communities the Hardest.", "journal": "Hawaii J Health Soc Welf", "authors": ["Kaholokula, Joseph Keawe'aimoku", "Samoa, Raynald A", "Miyamoto, Robin E S", "Palafox, Neal", "Daniels, Sheri-Ann"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432218", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415916, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on interventional cardiology fellowship training in the New York metropolitan area: A perspective from the United States epicenter.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Gupta, Tanush", "Nazif, Tamim M", "Vahl, Torsten P", "Ahmad, Hasan", "Bortnick, Anna E", "Feit, Frederick", "Jauhar, Rajiv", "Kandov, Ruben", "Kim, Michael", "Kini, Annapoorna", "Lawson, William", "Leber, Robert", "Lee, Alexander", "Moreyra, Abel E", "Minutello, Robert M", "Sacchi, Terrence", "Vaidya, Pranaychan J", "Leon, Martin B", "Parikh, Sahil A", "Kirtane, Ajay J", "Kodali, Susheel"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415916", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The healthcare burden posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the New York Metropolitan area has necessitated the postponement of elective procedures resulting in a marked reduction in cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) volumes with a potential to impact interventional cardiology (IC) fellowship training. We conducted a web-based survey sent electronically to 21 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited IC fellowship program directors (PDs) and their respective fellows. Fourteen programs (67%) responded to the survey and all acknowledged a significant decrease in CCL procedural volumes. More than half of the PDs reported part of their CCL being converted to inpatient units and IC fellows being redeployed to COVID-19 related duties. More than two-thirds of PDs believed that the COVID-19 pandemic would have a moderate (57%) or severe (14%) adverse impact on IC fellowship training, and 21% of the PDs expected their current fellows' average percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) volume to be below 250. Of 25 IC fellow respondents, 95% expressed concern that the pandemic would have a moderate (72%) or severe (24%) adverse impact on their fellowship training, and nearly one-fourth of fellows reported performing fewer than 250 PCIs as of March 1st. Finally, roughly one-third of PDs and IC fellows felt that there should be consideration of an extension of fellowship training or a period of early career mentorship after fellowship. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant reduction in CCL procedural volumes that is impacting IC fellowship training in the NY metropolitan area. These results should inform professional societies and accreditation bodies to offer tailored opportunities for remediation of affected trainees."}, {"pmid": 32391241, "pmcid": "PMC7201122", "title": "Pandemic spotlight on urban water quality.", "journal": "Ecol Process", "authors": ["Hallema, Dennis W", "Robinne, Francois-Nicolas", "McNulty, Steven G"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391241", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Surface water improvements associated with the COVID-19 economic slowdown illustrate environmental resiliency and societal control over urban water quality."}, {"pmid": 32470161, "title": "Minimizing contagion risks of COVID-19 during Trans Oral Robotic Surgery.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["Meccariello, Giuseppe", "Cammaroto, Giovanni", "Iannella, Giannicola", "Capaccio, Pasquale", "Pelucchi, Stefano", "Vicini, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this communication we would like to share our experience in managing TORS patients during COVID-19 pandemia."}, {"pmid": 32433243, "pmcid": "PMC7268871", "title": "Rehabilitation Medicine Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Stein, Joel", "Visco, Christopher J", "Barbuto, Scott"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433243", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the globe at a rapid rate, affecting large numbers of individuals in different countries with varying health care systems and infrastructure. In the US, New York City has been the epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak, and the peak impact in this region has come earlier in this location than most other parts of the country. We report our experience preparing for this pandemic in a New York City academic medical center and its regional health care system, the issues confronted during the rise and peak of the number of cases, and the plans for the post-peak recovery and adjustment to the new reality of providing rehabilitation in an environment where COVID-19 remains prevalent."}, {"pmid": 32443856, "title": "Electronic Health Information Systems to Improve Disease Diagnosis and Management at Point-of-Care in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Khubone, Thokozani", "Tlou, Boikhutso", "Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443856", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of an electronic health information system (EHIS) is to support health care workers in providing health care services to an individual client and to enable data exchange among service providers. The demand to explore the use of EHIS for diagnosis and management of communicable and non-communicable diseases has increased dramatically due to the volume of patient data and the need to retain patients in care. In addition, the advent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in high disease burdened low and middle income countries (LMICs) has increased the need for robust EHIS to enable efficient surveillance of the pandemic. EHIS has potential to enable efficient delivery of disease diagnostics services at point-of-care (POC) and reduce medical errors. This review provides an overview of literature on EHIS's with a focus on describing the key components of EHIS and presenting evidence on enablers and barriers to implementation of EHISs in LMICs. With guidance from the presented evidence, we proposed EHIS key stakeholders' roles and responsibilities to ensure efficient utility of EHIS for disease diagnosis and management at POC in LMICs."}, {"pmid": 32473099, "pmcid": "PMC7255340", "title": "Excess mortality in men and women in Massachusetts during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Krieger, Nancy", "Chen, Jarvis T", "Waterman, Pamela D"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473099", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369282, "title": "A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Kunz, Kurt M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369282", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505472, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on suicidal ideation and alcohol presentations to emergency departments in a large healthcare system.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Smalley, Courtney M", "Malone, Donald A Jr", "Meldon, Stephen W", "Borden, Bradford L", "Simon, Erin L", "Muir, McKinsey R", "Fertel, Baruch S"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505472", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32170865, "pmcid": "PMC7228340", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: What we know?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["He, Feng", "Deng, Yu", "Li, Weina"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32170865", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, a cluster of unexplained pneumonia cases has been reported in Wuhan, China. A few days later, the causative agent of this mysterious pneumonia was identified as a novel coronavirus. This causative virus has been temporarily named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the relevant infected disease has been named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization, respectively. The COVID-19 epidemic is spreading in China and all over the world now. The purpose of this review is primarily to review the pathogen, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19, but also to comment briefly on the epidemiology and pathology based on the current evidence."}, {"pmid": 32351860, "pmcid": "PMC7188448", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Internist's Perspective.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Ahmed, Taha", "Shah, Ronak J", "Rahim, Shab E Gul", "Flores, Monica", "O'Linn, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351860", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pandemic outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has spread rapidly to multiple countries. In the United States, the first confirmed case was reported on January 20, 2020, and since then, the number of cases is rising exponentially on a daily basis. We report a case of COVID-19 infection that presented with symptoms suggestive of pneumonia. Due to the major backlog with an immense number of pending tests, it took 48 hours for the result to come back positive, while the patient went into acute respiratory distress syndrome. We provide an internist's perspective of the difficulties encountered in terms of the available management options, as the patient progressively deteriorated on the regular medical floor prompting transfer to the intensive care unit."}, {"pmid": 32450148, "pmcid": "PMC7244410", "title": "Positive FIT or Cologuard in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Mago, Sheena", "Young, Patrick E", "Tadros, Micheal"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303993, "pmcid": "PMC7164704", "title": "Recapitulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and cholangiocyte damage with human liver ductal organoids.", "journal": "Protein Cell", "authors": ["Zhao, Bing", "Ni, Chao", "Gao, Ran", "Wang, Yuyan", "Yang, Li", "Wei, Jinsong", "Lv, Ting", "Liang, Jianqing", "Zhang, Qisheng", "Xu, Wei", "Xie, Youhua", "Wang, Xiaoyue", "Yuan, Zhenghong", "Liang, Junbo", "Zhang, Rong", "Lin, Xinhua"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303993", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412159, "pmcid": "PMC7272999", "title": "First experience of SARS-CoV-2 infections in solid organ transplant recipients in the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Tschopp, Jonathan", "L'Huillier, Arnaud G", "Mombelli, Matteo", "Mueller, Nicolas J", "Khanna, Nina", "Garzoni, Christian", "Meloni, Dario", "Papadimitriou-Olivgeris, Matthaios", "Neofytos, Dionysios", "Hirsch, Hans H", "Schuurmans, Mace M", "Muller, Thomas", "Berney, Thierry", "Steiger, Jurg", "Pascual, Manuel", "Manuel, Oriol", "van Delden, Christian"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412159", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Immunocompromised patients may be at increased risk for complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, comprehensive data of SARS-CoV-2 infection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are still lacking. We performed a multicenter nationwide observational study within the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study (STCS) to describe the epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes of the first microbiologically documented SARS-CoV-2 infection among SOT recipients. Overall, 21 patients were included with a median age of 56\u00a0years (10 kidney, 5 liver, 1 pancreas, 1 lung, 1 heart and 3 combined transplantations). The most common presenting symptoms were fever (76%), dry cough (57%), nausea (33%), and diarrhea (33%). Ninety-five percent and 24% of patients required hospital and ICU admission, respectively, and 19% were intubated. After a median of 33\u00a0days of follow-up, 16 patients were discharged, 3 were still hospitalized and 2 patients died. These data suggest that clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in middle-aged SOT recipients appear to be similar to the general population without an apparent higher rate of complications. These results need to be confirmed in larger cohorts."}, {"pmid": 32387924, "pmcid": "PMC7166310", "title": "Early CT features and temporal lung changes in COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Hu, Qiongjie", "Guan, Hanxiong", "Sun, Ziyan", "Huang, Lu", "Chen, Chong", "Ai, Tao", "Pan, Yueying", "Xia, Liming"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387924", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyse the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) early imaging features and the changing trend of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Forty-six patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who had an isolated lesion on the first positive CT were enrolled in this study. The following parameters were recorded for each lesion: sites, sizes, location (peripheral or central), attenuation (ground-glass opacity or consolidation), and other abnormalities (supply pulmonary artery dilation, air bronchogram, interstitial thickening, etc.). The follow-up CT images were compared with the previous CT scans, and the development of the lesions was evaluated. The lesions tended to be peripheral and subpleural. All the lesions exhibited ground-glass opacity with or without consolidation. A higher proportion of supply pulmonary artery dilation (89.13 % [41/46]) and air bronchogram (69.57 % [32/46]) were found. Other \ufb01ndings included thickening of the intralobular interstitium and a halo sign of ground glass around a solid nodule. Cavitation, calci\ufb01cation or lymphadelopathy were not observed. The reticular patterns were noted from the 14 days after symptoms onset in 7 of 20 patients (45 %). At 22-31 days, the lesions were completely absorbed only in 2 of 7 patients (28.57 %). The typical early CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia are ground-glass opacity, and located peripheral or subpleural location, and with supply pulmonary artery dilation. Reticulation was evident after the 2nd week and persisted in half of patients evaluated in 4 weeks after the onset. Long-term follow-up is required to determine whether the reticulation represents irreversible \ufb01brosis."}, {"pmid": 32450107, "pmcid": "PMC7255293", "title": "RETRACTED: Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Mehra, Mandeep R", "Desai, Sapan S", "Ruschitzka, Frank", "Patel, Amit N"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450107", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, often in combination with a second-generation macrolide, are being widely used for treatment of COVID-19, despite no conclusive evidence of their benefit. Although generally safe when used for approved indications such as autoimmune disease or malaria, the safety and benefit of these treatment regimens are poorly evaluated in COVID-19. We did a multinational registry analysis of the use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19. The registry comprised data from 671 hospitals in six continents. We included patients hospitalised between Dec 20, 2019, and April 14, 2020, with a positive laboratory finding for SARS-CoV-2. Patients who received one of the treatments of interest within 48 h of diagnosis were included in one of four treatment groups (chloroquine alone, chloroquine with a macrolide, hydroxychloroquine alone, or hydroxychloroquine with a macrolide), and patients who received none of these treatments formed the control group. Patients for whom one of the treatments of interest was initiated more than 48 h after diagnosis or while they were on mechanical ventilation, as well as patients who received remdesivir, were excluded. The main outcomes of interest were in-hospital mortality and the occurrence of de-novo ventricular arrhythmias (non-sustained or sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation). 96\u2008032 patients (mean age 53\u00b78 years, 46\u00b73% women) with COVID-19 were hospitalised during the study period and met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 14\u2008888 patients were in the treatment groups (1868 received chloroquine, 3783 received chloroquine with a macrolide, 3016 received hydroxychloroquine, and 6221 received hydroxychloroquine with a macrolide) and 81\u2008144 patients were in the control group. 10\u2008698 (11\u00b71%) patients died in hospital. After controlling for multiple confounding factors (age, sex, race or ethnicity, body-mass index, underlying cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, diabetes, underlying lung disease, smoking, immunosuppressed condition, and baseline disease severity), when compared with mortality in the control group (9\u00b73%), hydroxychloroquine (18\u00b70%; hazard ratio 1\u00b7335, 95% CI 1\u00b7223-1\u00b7457), hydroxychloroquine with a macrolide (23\u00b78%; 1\u00b7447, 1\u00b7368-1\u00b7531), chloroquine (16\u00b74%; 1\u00b7365, 1\u00b7218-1\u00b7531), and chloroquine with a macrolide (22\u00b72%; 1\u00b7368, 1\u00b7273-1\u00b7469) were each independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality. Compared with the control group (0\u00b73%), hydroxychloroquine (6\u00b71%; 2\u00b7369, 1\u00b7935-2\u00b7900), hydroxychloroquine with a macrolide (8\u00b71%; 5\u00b7106, 4\u00b7106-5\u00b7983), chloroquine (4\u00b73%; 3\u00b7561, 2\u00b7760-4\u00b7596), and chloroquine with a macrolide (6\u00b75%; 4\u00b7011, 3\u00b7344-4\u00b7812) were independently associated with an increased risk of de-novo ventricular arrhythmia during hospitalisation. We were unable to confirm a benefit of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, when used alone or with a macrolide, on in-hospital outcomes for COVID-19. Each of these drug regimens was associated with decreased in-hospital survival and an increased frequency of ventricular arrhythmias when used for treatment of COVID-19. William Harvey Distinguished Chair in Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital."}, {"pmid": 32198166, "title": "Challenges for NHS hospitals during covid-19 epidemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Willan, John", "King, Andrew John", "Jeffery, Katie", "Bienz, Nicola"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198166", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355659, "pmcid": "PMC7191553", "title": "The role of (18)F-FDG PET for COVID-19 infection: myth versus reality.", "journal": "Clin Transl Imaging", "authors": ["Treglia, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355659", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492123, "title": "The Importance of Advancing SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Children.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kao, Carol M", "Orenstein, Walter A", "Anderson, Evan J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492123", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the role of children in the chain of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains to be fully defined, they likely play an important role based on our knowledge of other respiratory viruses. Children are more likely to be asymptomatic or have milder symptoms and less likely to present for healthcare and be tested for SARS-CoV-2; thus, our current estimates are likely under-representative of the true burden of SARS-CoV-2 in children. Given the potential direct benefit of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in children and the substantial indirect benefit through community protection or 'herd immunity', we argue that planning and implementation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines should include children. Furthermore, community protection occurred after widespread implementation of prior childhood vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae, rubella and rotavirus. We detail considerations for vaccine clinical trials, potential barriers to the implementation of widespread vaccination and argue why children would be an ideal target population for vaccination."}, {"pmid": 32295770, "title": "Swivel-HEPA-ETT (SHE) bougie and HEPA-ETT (HE) methods for safe intubation while managing patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Lin, Li-Wei", "Hung, Tzu-Yao"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381642, "title": "Understanding, verifying and implementing Emergency Use Authorization molecular diagnostics for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Mitchell, Stephanie L", "St George, Kirsten", "Rhoads, Daniel D", "Butler-Wu, Susan M", "Dharmarha, Vaishali", "McNult, Peggy", "Miller, Melissa B"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381642", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought a new wave of challenges to health care, particularly in the area of rapid diagnostic test development and implementation. Acute diagnosis of COVID-19 infection is critically dependent on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from clinical specimens (e.g. nasopharyngeal swabs). While laboratory-developed testing for SARS-CoV-2 is an essential component of diagnostic testing for this virus, the majority of clinical microbiology laboratories are dependent on commercially available SARS-CoV-2 molecular assays. In contrast to assays approved or cleared by the Food and Drug Administration for in vitro diagnostic use, assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids have Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the FDA. Outside of highly specialized academic and commercial laboratory settings, clinical microbiology laboratories are likely unfamiliar with EUA classification and thus assay verification can be daunting. Further compounding anxiety for laboratories are major issues with supply chain that are dramatically affecting the availability of test reagents and requiring laboratories to implement multiple commercial EUA tests. Here, we describe guidance for the verification of assays with EUA for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid from clinical specimens."}, {"pmid": 32512358, "title": "COVID-19 online surveys need to follow standards and guidelines: Comment on \"Does COVID-19 pandemic affect sexual behaviour? A cross-sectional, cross-national online survey\" and \"Binge watching behavior during COVID 19 pandemic: A cross-sectional, cross-national online survey\".", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Sharma, Rishi", "Tikka, Sai Krishna"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512358", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330262, "pmcid": "PMC7188133", "title": "Serial bedside lung ultrasonography in a critically ill COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Ji, Li", "Cao, Chunyan", "Lv, Qing", "Li, Yuman", "Xie, Mingxing"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330262", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282956, "pmcid": "PMC7262334", "title": "Rapid and severe Covid-19 pneumonia with severe acute chest syndrome in a sickle cell patient successfully treated with tocilizumab.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["De Luna, Gonzalo", "Habibi, Anoosha", "Deux, Jean-Francois", "Colard, Martin", "Pham Hung d'Alexandry d'Orengiani, Anne-Laure", "Schlemmer, Frederic", "Joher, Nizar", "Kassasseya, Christian", "Pawlotsky, Jean Michel", "Ourghanlian, Clement", "Michel, Marc", "Mekontso-Dessap, Armand", "Bartolucci, Pablo"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282956", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409316, "title": "Cerebrovascular Disease in COVID-19.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Goldberg, Michael F", "Goldberg, Morton F", "Cerejo, R", "Tayal, A H"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409316", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a pandemic originating in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Early reports suggest that there are neurologic manifestations of COVID-19, including acute cerebrovascular disease. We report a case of COVID-19 with acute ischemic stroke. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of COVID-19-related cerebral infarcts that includes brain imaging at multiple time points and CT angiography. There is a growing body of published evidence that complications of COVID-19 are not limited to the pulmonary system. Neuroradiologists should be aware of a wide range of neurologic manifestations, including cerebrovascular disease."}, {"pmid": 32302966, "pmcid": "PMC7189789", "title": "Health Communication Through News Media During the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: Digital Topic Modeling Approach.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Liu, Qian", "Zheng, Zequan", "Zheng, Jiabin", "Chen, Qiuyi", "Liu, Guan", "Chen, Sihan", "Chu, Bojia", "Zhu, Hongyu", "Akinwunmi, Babatunde", "Huang, Jian", "Zhang, Casper J P", "Ming, Wai-Kit"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302966", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a few coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases were first reported in Wuhan, Hubei, China. Soon after, increasing numbers of cases were detected in other parts of China, eventually leading to a disease outbreak in China. As this dreadful disease spreads rapidly, the mass media has been active in community education on COVID-19 by delivering health information about this novel coronavirus, such as its pathogenesis, spread, prevention, and containment. The aim of this study was to collect media reports on COVID-19 and investigate the patterns of media-directed health communications as well as the role of the media in this ongoing COVID-19 crisis in China. We adopted the WiseSearch database to extract related news articles about the coronavirus from major press media between January 1, 2020, and February 20, 2020. We then sorted and analyzed the data using Python software and Python package Jieba. We sought a suitable topic number with evidence of the coherence number. We operated latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling with a suitable topic number and generated corresponding keywords and topic names. We then divided these topics into different themes by plotting them into a 2D plane via multidimensional scaling. After removing duplications and irrelevant reports, our search identified 7791 relevant news reports. We listed the number of articles published per day. According to the coherence value, we chose 20 as the number of topics and generated the topics' themes and keywords. These topics were categorized into nine main primary themes based on the topic visualization figure. The top three most popular themes were prevention and control procedures, medical treatment and research, and global or local social and economic influences, accounting for 32.57% (n=2538), 16.08% (n=1258), and 11.79% (n=919) of the collected reports, respectively. Topic modeling of news articles can produce useful information about the significance of mass media for early health communication. Comparing the number of articles for each day and the outbreak development, we noted that mass media news reports in China lagged behind the development of COVID-19. The major themes accounted for around half the content and tended to focus on the larger society rather than on individuals. The COVID-19 crisis has become a worldwide issue, and society has become concerned about donations and support as well as mental health among others. We recommend that future work addresses the mass media's actual impact on readers during the COVID-19 crisis through sentiment analysis of news data."}, {"pmid": 32340870, "pmcid": "PMC7152862", "title": "COVID-19 in a lung transplant recipient.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Aigner, Clemens", "Dittmer, Ulf", "Kamler, Markus", "Collaud, Stephane", "Taube, Christian"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340870", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372695, "pmcid": "PMC7235441", "title": "Cardiac safety of off-label COVID-19 drug therapy: a review and proposed monitoring protocol.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care", "authors": ["Naksuk, Niyada", "Lazar, Sorin", "Peeraphatdit, Thoetchai Bee"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372695", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "More than 2,000,000 individuals worldwide have had coronavirus 2019 disease infection (COVID-19), yet there is no effective medical therapy. Multiple off-label and investigational drugs, such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, have gained broad interest due to positive pre-clinical data and are currently used for treatment of COVID-19. However, some of these medications have potential cardiac adverse effects. This is important because up to one-third of patients with COVID-19 have cardiac injury, which can further increase the risk of cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias. Adverse effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on cardiac function and conduction are broad and can be fatal. Both drugs have an anti-arrhythmic property and are proarrhythmic. The American Heart Association has listed chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as agents which can cause direct myocardial toxicity. Similarly, other investigational drugs such as favipiravir and lopinavir/ritonavir can prolong QT interval and cause Torsade de Pointes. Many antibiotics commonly used for the treatment of patients with COVID-19, for instance azithromycin, can also prolong QT interval. This review summarizes evidenced-based data regarding potential cardiac adverse effects due to off-label and investigational drugs including chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, antiviral therapy, monoclonal antibodies, as well as common antibiotics used for the treatment of COVID-19. The article focuses on practical points and offers a point-of-care protocol for providers who are taking care of patients with COVID-19 in an inpatient and outpatient setting. The proposed protocol is taking into consideration that resources during the pandemic are limited."}, {"pmid": 32514102, "title": "COVID-19 vaccines start moving into advanced trials.", "journal": "Nat Rev Drug Discov", "authors": ["Mullard, Asher"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514102", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419765, "pmcid": "PMC7224650", "title": "Understanding COVID-19 Risks and Vulnerabilities among Black Communities in America: The Lethal Force of Syndemics.", "journal": "Ann Epidemiol", "authors": ["Poteat, Tonia", "Millett, Greg", "Nelson, LaRon E", "Beyrer, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419765", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Black communities in the United States are bearing the brunt of the COVID-19 pandemic and the underlying conditions that exacerbate its negative consequences. Syndemic theory provides a useful framework for understanding how such interacting epidemics to develop under conditions of health and social disparity. Multiple historical and present-day factors have created the syndemic conditions within which Black Americans experience the lethal force of COVID-19. These factors include racism and its manifestations (e.g., chattel slavery, mortgage redlining, political gerrymandering, lack of Medicaid expansion, employment discrimination, and healthcare provider bias). Improving racial disparities in COVID-19 will require that we implement policies that address structural racism at the root of these disparities."}, {"pmid": 32425469, "pmcid": "PMC7227516", "title": "Telehealth Reimbursement Allows Access to Mental Health Care During COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Lepkowsky, Charles M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425469", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174267, "pmcid": "PMC7144283", "title": "Era of molecular diagnosis for pathogen identification of unexplained pneumonia, lessons to be learned.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Ai, Jing-Wen", "Zhang, Yi", "Zhang, Hao-Cheng", "Xu, Teng", "Zhang, Wen-Hong"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174267", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Unexplained pneumonia (UP) caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) emerged in China in late December 2019 and has infected more than 9000 cases by 31 January 2020. Shanghai reported the first imported case of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) in 20 January 2020. A combinative approach of real-time RT-PCR, CRISPR-based assay and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) were used to diagnose this unexplained pneumonia patient. Real-time RT-PCR and CRISPR-based assay both reported positive. This sample belonged to Betacoronavirus and shared a more than 99% nucleotide (nt) identity with the Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 isolates. We further compared pros and cons of common molecular diagnostics in UP. In this study, we illustrated the importance of combining molecular diagnostics to rule out common pathogens and performed mNGS to obtain unbiased potential pathogen result for the diagnosis of UP."}, {"pmid": 32389799, "pmcid": "PMC7204720", "title": "Epidemics will always come (and go): The need to prepare for the next one, research on COVID-19, and the role of molecular and cellular endocrinology.", "journal": "Mol Cell Endocrinol", "authors": ["Stratakis, Constantine A", "Laybutt, D Ross", "Laudet, Vincent", "Klinge, Carolyn M"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389799", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411652, "pmcid": "PMC7201103", "title": "Gender Differences in Patients With COVID-19: Focus on Severity and Mortality.", "journal": "Front Public Health", "authors": ["Jin, Jian-Min", "Bai, Peng", "He, Wei", "Wu, Fei", "Liu, Xiao-Fang", "Han, De-Min", "Liu, Shi", "Yang, Jin-Kui"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411652", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: The recent outbreak of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is reminiscent of the SARS outbreak in 2003. We aim to compare the severity and mortality between male and female patients with COVID-19 or SARS. Study Design and Setting: We extracted the data from: (1) a case series of 43 hospitalized patients we treated, (2) a public data set of the first 37 cases of patients who died of COVID-19 and 1,019 patients who survived in China, and (3) data of 524 patients with SARS, including 139 deaths, from Beijing in early 2003. Results: Older age and a high number of comorbidities were associated with higher severity and mortality in patients with both COVID-19 and SARS. Age was comparable between men and women in all data sets. In the case series, however, men's cases tended to be more serious than women's (P = 0.035). In the public data set, the number of men who died from COVID-19 is 2.4 times that of women (70.3 vs. 29.7%, P = 0.016). In SARS patients, the gender role in mortality was also observed. The percentage of males were higher in the deceased group than in the survived group (P = 0.015). Conclusion: While men and women have the same prevalence, men with COVID-19 are more at risk for worse outcomes and death, independent of age."}, {"pmid": 32513072, "title": "A Second Pandemic? Perspective on Information Overload in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Valika, Taher S", "Maurrasse, Sarah E", "Reichert, Lara"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has affected the globe in previously unimaginable ways, with far-reaching economic and social implications. It has also led to an outpouring of daily, ever-changing information. To assess the amount of data that were emerging, a PubMed search related to COVID-19 was performed. Nearly 8000 articles have been published since the virus was defined 4 months ago. This number has grown exponentially every month, potentially hindering our ability to discern what is scientifically important. Unlike previous global pandemics, we exist in a world of instantaneous access. Information, accurate or otherwise, is flowing from one side of the world to the other via word of mouth, social media, news, and medical journals. Changes in practice guidelines should be based on high-quality, well-powered research. Our job as health care providers is to mitigate misinformation and provide reassurance to prevent a second pandemic of misinformation."}, {"pmid": 32275090, "pmcid": "PMC7262109", "title": "Weathering the pandemic: How the Caribbean Basin can use viral and environmental patterns to predict, prepare, and respond to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["de Angel Sola, David E", "Wang, Leyao", "Vazquez, Marietta", "Mendez-Lazaro, Pablo A"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275090", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2020 coronavirus pandemic is developing at different paces throughout the world. Some areas, like the Caribbean Basin, have yet to see the virus strike at full force. When it does, there is reasonable evidence to suggest the consequent COVID-19 outbreaks will overwhelm healthcare systems and economies. This is particularly concerning in the Caribbean as pandemics can have disproportionately higher mortality impacts on lower and middle-income countries. Preliminary observations from our team and others suggest that temperature and climatological factors could influence the spread of this novel coronavirus, making spatiotemporal predictions of its infectiousness possible. This review studies geographic and time-based distribution of known respiratory viruses in the Caribbean Basin in an attempt to foresee how the pandemic will develop in this region. This review is meant to aid in planning short- and long-term interventions to manage outbreaks at the international, national, and subnational levels in the region."}, {"pmid": 32213488, "title": "Covid-19 risks and response in South Asia.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bhutta, Zulfiqar A", "Basnyat, Buddha", "Saha, Samir", "Laxminarayan, Ramanan"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213488", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242875, "pmcid": "PMC7258754", "title": "Laboratory preparedness for SARS-CoV-2 testing in India: Harnessing a network of Virus Research & Diagnostic Laboratories.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Gupta, Nivedita", "Potdar, Varsha", "Praharaj, Ira", "Giri, Sidhartha", "Sapkal, Gajanan", "Yadav, Pragya", "Choudhary, Manohar Lal", "Dar, Lalit", "Sugunan, A P", "Kaur, Harmanmeet", "Munivenkatappa, Ashok", "Shastri, Jayanthi", "Kaveri, Krishnasamy", "Dutta, Shanta", "Malhotra, Bharti", "Jain, Amita", "Nagamani, Kammilli", "Shantala, G B", "Raut, Sharmila", "Vegad, M M", "Sharma, Ajanta", "Choudhary, Aashish", "Brijwal, Megha", "Balakrishnan, Anukumar", "Manjunatha, Jayaswamy", "Pathak, Manish", "Srinivasan, Sivasubramanian", "Banu, Hasina", "Sharma, Himanshu", "Jain, Parul", "Sunita, Pakalpati", "Ambica, R", "Fageria, Babita", "Patel, Disha", "Rajbongshi, Gitika", "Vijay, Neetu", "Narayan, Jitendra", "Aggarwal, Neeraj", "Nagar, Anu", "Gangakhedkar, Raman R", "Abraham, Priya"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242875", "countries": ["Thailand", "Korea, Republic of", "Singapore", "India", "China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of respiratory illness of unknown aetiology was reported from Hubei province of Wuhan, People's Republic of China, in December 2019. The outbreak was attributed to a novel coronavirus (CoV), named as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 and the disease as COVID-19. Within one month, cases were reported from 25 countries. In view of the novel viral strain with reported high morbidity, establishing early countrywide diagnosis to detect imported cases became critical. Here we describe the role of a countrywide network of VRDLs in early diagnosis of COVID-19. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune, established screening as well as confirmatory assays for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 13 VRDLs were provided with the E gene screening real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay. VRDLs were selected on the basis of their presence near an international airport/seaport and their past performance. The case definition for testing included all individuals with travel history to Wuhan and symptomatic individuals with travel history to other parts of China. This was later expanded to include symptomatic individuals returning from Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong, Thailand and South Korea. Within a week of standardization of the test at NIV, all VRDLs could initiate testing for SARS-CoV-2. Till February 29, 2020, a total of 2,913 samples were tested. This included both 654 individuals quarantined in the two camps and others fitting within the case definition. The quarantined individuals were tested twice - at days 0 and 14. All tested negative on both occasions. Only three individuals belonging to different districts in Kerala were found to be positive. Sudden emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its potential to cause a pandemic posed an unsurmountable challenge to the public health system of India. However, concerted efforts of various arms of the Government of India resulted in a well-coordinated action at each level. India has successfully demonstrated its ability to establish quick diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 at NIV, Pune, and the testing VRDLs."}, {"pmid": 32473607, "title": "Acute Liver Injury in COVID-19: Prevalence and Association with Clinical Outcomes in a Large US Cohort.", "journal": "Hepatology", "authors": ["Phipps, Meaghan M", "Barraza, Luis H", "LaSota, Elijah D", "Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E", "Pereira, Marcus R", "Zheng, Elizabeth X", "Fox, Alyson N", "Zucker, Jason", "Verna, Elizabeth C"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473607", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with acute liver injury manifested by increased liver enzymes in reports worldwide. Prevalence of liver injury and associated clinical characteristics are not well-defined. We aim to identify the prevalence of and risk factors for development of COVID-19 associated acute liver injury in a large cohort in the United States. In this retrospective cohort study, all patients who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing at three hospitals in the NewYork-Presbyterian network were assessed. Of 3381 patients, 2273 tested positive and had higher initial and peak ALT than those who tested negative. Acute liver injury was categorized as mild if alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was > upper limit of normal (ULN) but < two times ULN, moderate if ALT was between two and five times ULN, and severe if ALT was > five times ULN. Among patients who tested positive, 45% had mild, 21% moderate, and 6.4% severe liver injury. In multivariable analysis, severe acute liver injury was significantly associated with elevated inflammatory markers including ferritin (OR 2.40, p<0.001) and IL-6 (OR 1.45, p=0.009). Patients with severe liver injury had a more severe clinical course, including higher rates of ICU admission (69%), intubation (65%), renal replacement therapy (33%), and mortality (42%). In multivariable analysis, peak ALT was significantly associated with death or discharge to hospice (OR 1.14, p=0.044), controlling for age, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, intubation, and renal replacement therapy. Acute liver injury is common in patients who test positive for SARS-CoV-2, but is most often mild. However, among the 6.4% of patients with severe liver injury, a severe disease course should be anticipated."}, {"pmid": 32360047, "pmcid": "PMC7183999", "title": "Re: Ming-Chun Chan, Sharon E.K. Yeo, Yew-Lam Chong, Yee-Mun Lee. Stepping Forward: Urologists' Efforts During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Singapore. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.004.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Mantica, Guglielmo", "Suardi, Nazareno", "Terrone, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360047", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448818, "title": "Protease Inhibitors: Candidate Drugs to Inhibit Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication.", "journal": "Tohoku J Exp Med", "authors": ["Yamaya, Mutsuo", "Nishimura, Hidekazu", "Deng, Xue", "Kikuchi, Akiko", "Nagatomi, Ryoichi"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448818", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly increased, although the WHO declared a pandemic. However, drugs that function against SARS-CoV-2 have not been established. SARS-CoV-2 has been suggested to bind angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the receptor of the SARS coronavirus. SARS coronavirus and coronavirus 229E, the cause of the common cold, replicate through cell-surface and endosomal pathways using a protease, the type II transmembrane protease. To examine the effects of protease inhibitors on the replication of coronavirus 229E, we pretreated primary cultures of human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells with camostat or nafamostat, each of which has been used for the treatment of pancreatitis and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation. HNE cells were then infected with coronavirus 229E, and viral titers in the airway surface liquid of the cells were examined. Pretreatment with camostat (0.1-10 \u03bcg/mL) or nafamostat (0.01-1 \u03bcg/mL) reduced the titers of coronavirus 229E. Furthermore, a significant amount of type II transmembrane protease protein was detected in the airway surface liquid of HNE cells. Additionally, interferons have been reported to have antiviral effects against SARS coronavirus. The additive effects of interferons on the inhibitory effects of other candidate drugs to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as lopinavir, ritonavir and favipiravir, have also been studied. These findings suggest that protease inhibitors of this type may inhibit coronavirus 229E replication in human airway epithelial cells at clinical concentrations. Protease inhibitors, interferons or the combination of these drugs may become candidate drugs to inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32503827, "title": "Breast Cancer Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Clinical Study of the Breast Surgery Clinic at Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - Genoa, Italy.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Fregatti, Piero", "Gipponi, Marco", "Giacchino, Maria", "Sparavigna, Marco", "Murelli, Federica", "Toni, Maria Luisa", "Calabro, Maria Teresa", "Orsino, Lina", "Friedman, Daniele"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503827", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic required a marked re-allocation of healthcare resources, including at Breast Units. A patient-tailored program was developed to assess its efficacy regarding prevention of COVID-19 infection among patients with breast cancer undergoing surgery and healthcare workers (HCWs). From March 9th to April 9th 2020, 91 patients were selected for elective surgery by means of: i) Pre-hospital screening aimed at avoiding hospitalization of symptomatic or suspicious COVID-19 patients, and ii) prioritisation of surgical procedure according to specific disease features. Eighty-five patients (93.4%) were fit for surgery, while five patients (5.5%) were temporarily excluded through 'telephone triage'; another two patients were excluded at in-hospital triage. A total of 71 out of 85 patients (83.5%) were diagnosed with invasive cancer, most of whom were undergoing breast-conserving surgery (61 out of 85 patients, 71.8%). The mean in-hospital stay was 2.2 days (SD=0.7 days). After hospital discharge, no patient needed re-admission due to post-operative complications; moreover, no COVID-19 infection among patients or HCWs was detected. Safe breast cancer surgery was accomplished for both patients and HCWs by means of a careful preoperative selection of patients and in-hospital preventative measures. This screening program can be transferred to high-volume Breast Units and it may be useful in implementing European Community recommendations for prevention of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32414532, "pmcid": "PMC7211601", "title": "First case of Covid-19 presented with cerebral venous thrombosis: A rare and dreaded case.", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["Hemasian, H", "Ansari, B"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414532", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358979, "pmcid": "PMC7267180", "title": "Diffuse cutaneous manifestation in a new mother with COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2).", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Paolino, Giovanni", "Canti, Valentina", "Mercuri, Santo Raffaele", "Rovere Querini, Patrizia", "Candiani, Massimo", "Pasi, Federica"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358979", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444298, "pmcid": "PMC7211609", "title": "Management of acute ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 infection: Insights from an international panel.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Qureshi, Adnan I", "Abd-Allah, Foad", "Al-Senani, Fahmi", "Aytac, Emrah", "Borhani-Haghighi, Afshin", "Ciccone, Alfonso", "Gomez, Camilo R", "Gurkas, Erdem", "Hsu, Chung Y", "Jani, Vishal", "Jiao, Liqun", "Kobayashi, Adam", "Lee, Jun", "Liaqat, Jahanzeb", "Mazighi, Mikael", "Parthasarathy, Rajsrinivas", "Miran, Muhammad Shah", "Steiner, Thorsten", "Toyoda, Kazunori", "Ribo, Marc", "Gongora-Rivera, Fernando", "Oliveira-Filho, Jamary", "Uzun, Guven", "Wang, Yongjun"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444298", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272142, "pmcid": "PMC7195166", "title": "More evidence is urgently needed to confirm the relation between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Mol Cell Cardiol", "authors": ["Yang, Shengju", "Meng, Guoliang"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272142", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379076, "pmcid": "PMC7202121", "title": "Trainees and COVID-19: A Call to Arms.", "journal": "Am J Forensic Med Pathol", "authors": ["Gilbert, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379076", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466975, "pmcid": "PMC7198207", "title": "Rapid immunoglobulin test confirms a suspected case of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Constan-Rodriguez, Judit", "Fernandez-Roldan, Concepcion", "Lopez-Robles, Concepcion"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466975", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516222, "title": "Pediatric Critical Care Medicine in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Kochanek, Patrick M", "Kudchadkar, Sapna R", "Kissoon, Niranjan"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516222", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243122, "title": "COVID-19: a time of crisis, but also of surgical opportunity and optimism", "journal": "Can J Surg", "authors": ["Ball, Chad G."], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243122", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390611, "title": "How we should respond to the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A German perspective.", "journal": "Clin Hemorheol Microcirc", "authors": ["Jung, F", "Krieger, V", "Hufert, F T", "Kupper, J-H"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390611", "countries": ["Germany", "China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic Germany missed to set up efficient containment measures. Consequently, the number of cases increased exponentially until a lockdown was implemented to suppress the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Fortunately, Germany has a high capability for coronavirus lab testing and more than 30,000 ICU beds. These capabilities and the lockdown turned out to be an advantage to combat the pandemic and to prevent a health-system overload. The aim was to predict the plateau day of SARS-CoV-2 infections or deaths. The effect on the viral spread of the German measures taken and the impact on the peak of new infection cases is shown. By normalizing daily case numbers, the plateau day of the current outbreak in Germany could be calculated to be reached at April 12, 2020 (day 103 of 2020). Normalized case number curves are helpful to predict the time point at which no further new infections will occur if the epidemic situation remains stable. Upon reaching the plateau day during a lockdown phase, a residual time-period of about 2-3 weeks can be utilized to prepare a safe unlocking period. As can be learned from Asian countries such as South Korea and Taiwan there must be strict rules to keep the risk of infection low. Those include social distancing, face mask wearing in combination with digital contact tracing and serosurveillance studies. Following those rules, a safe dance around the infection curve allows to keep the population at a reduced infection rate."}, {"pmid": 32473311, "pmcid": "PMC7253987", "title": "Angiotensin receptor blockers for the treatment of COVID-19 and its comorbidities.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Saavedra, Juan M"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473311", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329014, "pmcid": "PMC7178924", "title": "Personal protective equipment (PPE) for both anesthesiologists and other airway managers: principles and practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lockhart, Shannon L", "Duggan, Laura V", "Wax, Randy S", "Saad, Stephan", "Grocott, Hilary P"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329014", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare providers are facing a coronavirus disease pandemic. This pandemic may last for many months, stressing the Canadian healthcare system in a way that has not previously been seen. Keeping healthcare providers safe, healthy, and available to work throughout this pandemic is critical. The consistent use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) will help assure its availability and healthcare provider safety. The purpose of this communique is to give both anesthesiologists and other front-line healthcare providers a framework from which to understand the principles and practices surrounding PPE decision-making. We propose three types of PPE including: 1) PPE for droplet and contact precautions, 2) PPE for general airborne, droplet, and contact precautions, and 3) PPE for those performing or assisting with high-risk aerosol-generating medical procedures."}, {"pmid": 32527297, "pmcid": "PMC7288251", "title": "Severe Covid-19 disease: rather AVDS than ARDS?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Mahjoub, Yazine", "Rodenstein, Daniel Oscar", "Jounieaux, Vincent"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527297", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32046814, "pmcid": "PMC7029449", "title": "Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Cowling, Benjamin J", "Leung, Gabriel M"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32046814", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405081, "pmcid": "PMC7218373", "title": "Point-of-care (POC) lung ultrasound in intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Kulkarni, S", "Down, B", "Jha, S"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405081", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 has spread to every inhabited continent in the world. So far, plain radiography and computed tomography have been the mainstay of imaging methods used. The present analytical paper on the role of point-of-care lung ultrasound in this pandemic examines its diagnostic accuracy, clinical utility, and physical practicality in the intensive care unit."}, {"pmid": 32418711, "pmcid": "PMC7200385", "title": "How to reduce the potential risk of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during vaginal delivery?", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Carosso, Andrea", "Cosma, Stefano", "Serafini, Paola", "Benedetto, Chiara", "Mahmood, Tahir"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418711", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The risk of vertical transmission during vaginal delivery in COVID-19 pregnant patients is currently a topic of debate. Obstetric norms on vaginal birth assistance to reduce the potential risk of perinatal infection should be promoted by ensuring that the risk of contamination from maternal anus and faecal material is reduced during vaginal delivery."}, {"pmid": 32337131, "pmcid": "PMC7182052", "title": "Focus on Mental Health During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Applying Learnings from the Past Outbreaks.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Shah, Kaushal", "Kamrai, Dhwani", "Mekala, Hema", "Mann, Birinder", "Desai, Krishna", "Patel, Rikinkumar S"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337131", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has gained global attention after it originated from China at the end of 2019, and later turned into pandemic as it affected about 118,000 in 114 countries by March 11, 2020.\u00a0By March 13, 2020, it was declared a national emergency in the United States as the number of COVID-19 cases, and the death toll rose exponentially. To contain the spread of the disease, the world scientist community came together. However, the unpreparedness of the nations, even with the advanced medical sciences and resources, has failed to address the mental health aspect amongst the public, as all efforts are focused on understanding the epidemiology, clinical features, transmission patterns, and management of COVID-19 pneumonia. Our efforts in this review are to evaluate and study similar outbreaks from the past to understand its adverse impact on mental health, implement adequate steps to tackle\u00a0and provide a background to physicians and healthcare workers at the time of such outbreaks to apply psychological first aid."}, {"pmid": 32480008, "pmcid": "PMC7260560", "title": "ENDOSCOPIC FINDINGS IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH 2019 NOVEL CORONAVIRUS IN LOMBARDY, ITALY.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Massironi, Sara", "Vigano, Chiara", "Dioscoridi, Lorenzo", "Filippi, Elisabetta", "Pagliarulo, Michela", "Manfredi, Guido", "Conti, Clara Benedetta", "Signorelli, Clementina", "Redaelli, Alessandro Ettore", "Bonato, Giulia", "Iiritano, Elena", "Frego, Roberto", "Zucchini, Nicola", "Ungari, Marco", "Pedaci, Marianna", "Bono, Francesca", "Di Bella, Camillo", "Buscarini, Elisabetta", "Mutignani, Massimiliano", "Penagini, Roberto", "Dinelli, Marco Emilio", "Invernizzi, Pietro"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480008", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369578, "title": "Molecular testing for acute respiratory tract infections: clinical and diagnostic recommendations from the IDSA's Diagnostics Committee.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hanson, Kimberly E", "Azar, Marwan M", "Banerjee, Ritu", "Chou, Andrew", "Colgrove, Robert C", "Ginocchio, Christine C", "Hayden, Mary K", "Holodiny, Mark", "Jain, Seema", "Koo, Sophia", "Levy, Jaclyn", "Timbrook, Tristan T", "Caliendo, Angela M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369578", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical signs and symptoms of acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are not pathogen specific. Highly sensitive and specific nucleic acid amplification tests have become the diagnostic reference standard for viruses and translation of bacterial assays from basic research to routine clinical practice represents an exciting advance in respiratory medicine. Most recently, molecular diagnostics have played an essential role in the global health response to the novel coronavirus pandemic. How best to use newer molecular tests for RTI in combination with clinical judgment and traditional methods can be bewildering given the plethora of available assays and rapidly evolving technologies. Here, we summarize the current state of the art with respect to the diagnosis of viral and bacterial RTIs, provide a practical framework for diagnostic decision-making using selected patient-centered vignettes, and make recommendations for future studies to advance the field."}, {"pmid": 32515994, "title": "Video Conferencing Impact on Facial Appearance: Looking Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Cristel, Robert T", "Demesh, Daniel", "Dayan, Steven H"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515994", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386582, "pmcid": "PMC7252131", "title": "New Zealand eliminates COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Cousins, Sophie"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386582", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366282, "pmcid": "PMC7198236", "title": "Liver injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a case series.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Cardoso, Filipe S", "Pereira, Rui", "Germano, Nuno"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366282", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422124, "pmcid": "PMC7228721", "title": "Voluntary collective isolation as a best response to COVID-19 for indigenous populations? A case study and protocol from the Bolivian Amazon.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Kaplan, Hillard S", "Trumble, Benjamin C", "Stieglitz, Jonathan", "Mamany, Roberta Mendez", "Cayuba, Maguin Gutierrez", "Moye, Leonardina Maito", "Alami, Sarah", "Kraft, Thomas", "Gutierrez, Raul Quispe", "Adrian, Juan Copajira", "Thompson, Randall C", "Thomas, Gregory S", "Michalik, David E", "Rodriguez, Daniel Eid", "Gurven, Michael D"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422124", "countries": ["Bolivia, Plurinational State of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Indigenous communities worldwide share common features that make them especially vulnerable to the complications of and mortality from COVID-19. They also possess resilient attributes that can be leveraged to promote prevention efforts. How can indigenous communities best mitigate potential devastating effects of COVID-19? In Bolivia, where nearly half of all citizens claim indigenous origins, no specific guidelines have been outlined for indigenous communities inhabiting native communal territories. In this Public Health article, we describe collaborative efforts, as anthropologists, physicians, tribal leaders, and local officials, to develop and implement a multiphase COVID-19 prevention and containment plan focused on voluntary collective isolation and contact-tracing among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon. Phase 1 involves education, outreach, and preparation, and phase 2 focuses on containment, patient management, and quarantine. Features of this plan might be exported and adapted to local circumstances elsewhere to prevent widespread mortality in indigenous communities."}, {"pmid": 32414755, "title": "COVID-19 and MS disease-modifying therapies.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Berger, Joseph R", "Brandstadter, Rachel", "Bar-Or, Amit"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414755", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To address concerns regarding the effect of MS disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on the expression of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Review of the current state of knowledge regarding the viral etiology of COVID-19, mechanisms of injury by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the effect of individual DMTs on the risk of infection and COVID-19 disease expression. Although data are limited, MS DMTs do not obviously increase the risk of acquiring symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. The severe morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 appear to be largely the consequence of an overly robust immune response rather than the consequence of unchecked viral replication. The effects of specific MS DMTs on the immune response that may increase the risk of impaired viral clearance and their potential counterbalancing beneficial effects on the development of COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome are reviewed. Although there is currently insufficient real-world experience to definitively answer the question of the effect of a specific MS DMT on COVID-19, registries presently in nascent form should provide these answers. This review provides an approach to addressing these concerns while the data are being accumulated. Early insights suggest that the risk of infection and associated morbidity of COVID-19 in this population is little different than that of the population at large."}, {"pmid": 32410124, "pmcid": "PMC7224347", "title": "COVID-19 and Health Disparities: the Reality of \"the Great Equalizer\".", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Mein, Stephen A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410124", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425319, "pmcid": "PMC7227523", "title": "COVID-19 infection with extensive thrombosis: A case of phlegmasia cerulea dolens.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Morales, Michael H", "Leigh, Candace L", "Simon, Erin L"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425319", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234108, "pmcid": "PMC7180329", "title": "How to Surge to Face the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: Lessons Learned From Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Faccincani, Roberto", "Pascucci, Federico", "Lennquist, Sten"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234108", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is fighting against one of the worst medical emergency since the 1918 Spanish Flu. Pressure on the hospitals is tremendous. As for official data on March 14th: 8372 admitted in hospitals, 1518 in intensive care units, 1441 deaths (175 more than the day before). Unfortunately, hospitals are not prepared: even where a plan for massive influx of patients is present, it usually focuses on sudden onset disaster trauma victims (the most probable case scenario), and it has not been tested, validated, or propagated to the staff. Despite this, the All Hazards Approach for management of major incidents and disasters is still valid and the \"4S\" theory (staff, stuff, structure, systems) for surge capacity can be guidance to respond to this disaster."}, {"pmid": 32430767, "pmcid": "PMC7236872", "title": "Lung ultrasound: a valuable tool for the assessment of dialysis patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Exp Nephrol", "authors": ["Reisinger, Nathaniel", "Koratala, Abhilash"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430767", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470232, "title": "Remdesivir and Potential Interactions With Psychotropic Medications: A COVID-19 Perspective.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Mansuri, Zeeshan", "Shah, Bhumika", "Zafar, Muhammad Khalid", "Jolly, Taranjeet", "Jain, Shailesh"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470232", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451533, "title": "Molecular Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in FFPE Samples and Histopathologic Findings in Fatal SARS-CoV-2 Cases.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Sekulic, Miroslav", "Harper, Holly", "Nezami, Behtash G", "Shen, Daniel L", "Sekulic, Simona Pichler", "Koeth, Aaron T", "Harding, Clifford V", "Gilmore, Hannah", "Sadri, Navid"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451533", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report methods and findings of 2 autopsies with molecular evaluation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive individuals. Postmortem examination was completed following Centers for Disease Control and Prevention public guidelines. Numerous formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue types from each case were surveyed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). SARS-CoV-2 viral genome was sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) from FFPE lung tissue blocks. Postmortem examinations revealed diffuse alveolar damage, while no viral-associated hepatic, cardiac, or renal damage was observed. Viral RNA was detected in lungs, bronchi, lymph nodes, and spleen in both cases using qRT-PCR method. RNA sequencing using NGS in case 1 revealed mutations most consistent with Western European Clade A2a with ORF1a L3606F mutation. SARS-CoV-2 testing and viral sequencing can be performed from FFPE tissue. Detection and sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in combination with morphological findings from postmortem tissue examination can aid in gaining a better understanding of the virus's pathophysiologic effects on human health."}, {"pmid": 32412779, "title": "Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic can increase physical inactivity and the global burden of cardiovascular disease.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol", "authors": ["Pecanha, Tiago", "Goessler, Karla Fabiana", "Roschel, Hamilton", "Gualano, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412779", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging data indicate a substantial decrease in global physical activity levels during the period of social isolation adopted worldwide to contain the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Confinement-induced decreases in physical activity levels and increases in sedentary behavior may provoke a rapid deterioration of cardiovascular health and premature deaths among populations with increased cardiovascular risk. Even short-term (1-4 wk) inactivity has been linked with detrimental effects in cardiovascular function and structure and increased cardiovascular risk factors. In this unprecedented and critical scenario, home-based physical activity programs arise as a clinically relevant intervention to promote health benefits to cardiac patients. Many studies have demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of different models of home-based exercise programs in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and major cardiovascular events among different populations. This body of knowledge can inform evidence-based policies to be urgently implemented to counteract the impact of increased physical inactivity and sedentary behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak, thereby alleviating the global burden of cardiovascular disease."}, {"pmid": 32398241, "title": "Waste in covid-19 research.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Glasziou, Paul P", "Sanders, Sharon", "Hoffmann, Tammy"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398241", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514381, "pmcid": "PMC7265100", "title": "Cardiopulmonary Ultrasonography for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients in Prone Position.", "journal": "Card Fail Rev", "authors": ["Rali, Aniket S", "Trevino, Sergio", "Yang, Edward", "Herlihy, James P", "Diaz-Gomez, Jose"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514381", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523258, "pmcid": "PMC7265833", "title": "Challenges and strategies in management of osteoporosis and fragility fracture care during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Orthop", "authors": ["Upadhyaya, Gaurav K", "Iyengar, Karthikeyan", "Jain, Vijay K", "Vaishya, Raju"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523258", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has resulted in restriction of face to face consultations and mechanisms to access health care. Osteoporosis and fragility fractures forms a significant proportion of adult trauma and orthopaedic workload even during the pandemic. We assess the challenges and strategies used in the management of osteoporosis and fragility fracture care during the COVID-19 pandemic. We have done a comprehensive review of the literature using suitable keywords on the search engines of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Research Gate in the first week of May 2020 on developments and guidance during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Osteoporosis and fragility fractures management has been hampered by lock down and infection transmission strategies used to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Access to diagnostic tests, treatment facilities with the need to use clinical and prediction tools to guide management Telemedicine has an evolving role. Osteoporosis and fragility fractures in elderly individuals pose a real challenge for an appropriate diagnosis and management, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A clinical decision along with use of clinical prediction tools for osteoporosis should be used to direct treatment. Obligatory fractures such as hip fractures require operative intervention. Non-obligatory fractures such as distal radius fractures can be managed conservatively with use of telemedicine applications in monitoring both types of patients."}, {"pmid": 32409432, "title": "Home monitoring for COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Medina, Michelle", "Babiuch, Christopher", "Card, Michelle", "Gavrilescu, Ruthann", "Zafirau, William", "Boose, Eric", "Giuliano, Kimberly", "Kim, Alice", "Jones, Robert", "Boissy, Adrienne"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cleveland Clinic recognized the importance of mitigating community transmission of COVID-19 by keeping people at home. Patient-care activities quickly pivoted to remote touches, preserving continuity through a variety of digital and telephonic modalities. As the number of confirmed cases grew, standardizing home-based care became critical to managing high-risk patients, moderating the risk of exposure for healthcare workers, and reducing the amount of community spread through appropriate education on home-based care for exposed or infected individuals. This novel, team-based approach to caring for patients with COVID-19 incorporates a self-monitoring app for patient engagement, monitors symptoms for early intervention, and promotes a holistic view of care."}, {"pmid": 32275296, "pmcid": "PMC7149350", "title": "Data Error in Viewpoint on COVID-19 in Italy.", "journal": "JAMA", "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275296", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513231, "title": "Treatment with Hydroxychloroquine vs Hydroxychloroquine + Nitazoxanide in COVID-19 patients with risk factors for poor prognosis: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Calderon, Jose Meneses", "Zeron, Hugo Mendieta", "Padmanabhan, Srivatsan"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513231", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine vs. Hydroxychloroquine + Nitazoxanide in reducing the need for invasive mechanical ventilatory support for patients with COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine is currently being used in multiple trials with varying doses in an attempt to treat COVID-19. Nitazoxanide has powerful antiviral effects and proven efficacy against a range of viruses including SARS and MERS. Dual therapy by combining appropriate doses of these two medications with diverse activities against COVID-19 is expected to be better than monotherapy with hydroxychloroquine. This is a single centre, randomized, controlled, single blinded, 2 arm (ratio 1:1) parallel group trial. 86 COVID-19 positive patients that are being treated at the Health Institute of the State of Mexico (ISEM) in Toluca, State of Mexico will be recruited from May 14 to December 31, 2020. 1)Age older than 18 years.2)Hospitalised COVID-19 PCR test positive patients.3)Within the first 72 hours after performing the PCR test.4)Presence of risk factors for complications (at least one): over 60 years, history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and morbid obesity. 1)Patients with corrected QT interval (QTc) greater than 500ms at hospital admission.2)Patients who have inherent contraindications to each drug.3)Patients who are unable to consent.4)Patients who have previously received chloroquine.5)Patients already intubated. Elimination criteria: 1)Patients whose clinical follow-up is lost or who decide not to continue in the study INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: The two management alternatives will be: Control - Hydroxychloroquine 200 mg taken orally every 12 hours for 7 days. Dual therapy - Hydroxychloroquine 400 mg taken orally every 12 hours for two days and then 200 mg taken orally every 12 hours for four days + Nitazoxanide 500 mg orally every 6 hours taken with food, for seven days. Primary: Mechanical ventilation requirement assessed at one week. Percentage of COVID-19 positive patients who require mechanical ventilation . All patients will be monitored till hospital discharge or death. Patients will be randomly allocated using allocation papers and opaque sealed envelopes to either receive the placebo or the dual therapy intervention treatment in a 1:1 ratio until we have recruited the required number of patients for each group. Trial participants will be blinded. 86 participants will be randomized to each group, with 43 in the control group and 43 in the dual therapy group. Protocol version: 2, recruitment will begin on May 14 until sample size is reached , with the analysis deadline of December 31st 2020. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04341493. Date of trial registration: April 10, 2020 FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest of expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32421272, "title": "Points & Pearls: Novel 2019 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) An Overview for Emergency Clinicians.", "journal": "Emerg Med Pract", "authors": ["Gupta, Nachi", "Nusbaum, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421272", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422193, "pmcid": "PMC7211597", "title": "Protecting Ourselves During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Ferneini, Elie M", "Halepas, Steven"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422193", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446285, "title": "A Guide to COVID-19: a global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "FEBS J", "authors": ["Atzrodt, Cassandra L", "Maknojia, Insha", "McCarthy, Robert D P", "Oldfield, Tiara M", "Po, Jonathan", "Ta, Kenny T L", "Stepp, Hannah E", "Clements, Thomas P"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446285", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 strain of the human coronavirus has thrown the world into the midst of a new pandemic. In the human body, the virus causes COVID-19, a disease characterized by shortness of breath, fever, and pneumonia, which can be fatal in vulnerable individuals. SARS-CoV-2 has characteristics of past human coronaviruses, with close genomic similarities to SARS-CoV, the virus that causes the disease SARS. Like these related coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through the inhalation of droplets and interaction with contaminated surfaces. Across the world, laboratories are developing candidate vaccines for the virus - with vaccine trials underway in the US and the United Kingdom - and considering various drugs for possible treatments and prophylaxis. Here, we provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing its virology, epidemiology, and modes of transmission while examining the current progress of testing procedures and possible treatments through drugs and vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32503192, "title": "A Comparison of Infection Venues of COVID-19 Case Clusters in Northeast China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Zhao, Pengcheng", "Zhang, Nan", "Li, Yuguo"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503192", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world has been suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic since late 2019. In this study, we compared various types of infection locations in which COVID-19 cases clustered, based on the data from three adjacent provinces in Northeast China. The collected data include all officially reported cases in this area until 8 March 2020. We explored the associations between the cases and the frequency of infection locations. The COVID-19 epidemic situation was worse in Heilongjiang Province than in Liaoning and Jilin Provinces. Most clustered cases occurred in individual families and/or between relatives. The transmission in public venues served as a hub for transmitting the disease to other families and results in new clusters. The public transport spread the infection over long distances by transporting infected individuals, and most infections did not seem to occur within vehicles. This field study shows the effect of indoor environments on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and our data may be useful in developing guidance for future disease prevention and control."}, {"pmid": 32361703, "title": "Newly Diagnosed Glomerulonephritis During COVID-19 Infection Undergoing Immunosuppression Therapy, a Case Report.", "journal": "Iran J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Moeinzadeh, Firouzeh", "Dezfouli, Majid", "Naimi, Azar", "Shahidi, Shahrzad", "Moradi, Hazhir"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361703", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, we had a 25 years old male case without any underlying disease or history of autoimmune disease in COVID-19 Clinic, Isfahan, Iran. He presented with arthralgia and weakness so we started COVID-19 therapeutic regimen. In his hospitalization, creatinine increases and abnormalities in random urine sediment was seen. Methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide were prescribed due to suspected glomerulonephritis. After renal biopsy the diagnose was confirmed as crescentic proliferative glomerulonephritis. The patient also, underwent plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin injection. He was discharged healthy without development of new pulmonary symptoms despite immunosuppressive treatment."}, {"pmid": 32475694, "pmcid": "PMC7241412", "title": "[Thoughts on a favourable evolution of a COVID-19 in a patient with resistant schizophrenia and on a combination of clozapine and paliperidone palmitate].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Bouaziz, N", "Ben Rejeb, H", "Ateb, S", "Fourati, T", "Chammas, F", "Baha, D", "Rosetti, R", "Kalalou, K", "Saba, G", "Benadhira, R", "Januel, D"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475694", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319129, "pmcid": "PMC7264548", "title": "Managing childhood allergies and immunodeficiencies during respiratory virus epidemics - The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: A statement from the EAACI-section on pediatrics.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Brough, Helen A", "Kalayci, Omer", "Sediva, Anna", "Untersmayr, Eva", "Munblit, Daniel", "Rodriguez Del Rio, Pablo", "Vazquez-Ortiz, Marta", "Arasi, Stefania", "Alvaro-Lozano, Montserrat", "Tsabouri, Sophia", "Galli, Elena", "Beken, Burcin", "Eigenmann, Philippe A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the world is facing an unprecedented pandemic with COVID-19, patients with chronic diseases need special attention and if warranted adaptation of their regular treatment plan. In children, allergy and asthma are among the most prevalent non-communicable chronic diseases, and healthcare providers taking care of these patients need guidance. At the current stage of knowledge, children have less severe symptoms of COVID-19, and severe asthma and immunodeficiency are classified as risk factors. In addition, there is no evidence that currently available asthma and allergy treatments, including antihistamines, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators, increase the risk of severe disease from COVID-19. Most countries affected by COVID-19 have opted for nationwide confinement, which means that communication with the primary clinician is often performed by telemedicine. Optimal disease control of allergic, asthmatic, and immunodeficient children should be sought according to usual treatment guidelines. This statement of the EAACI Section on Pediatrics puts forward six recommendations for the management of childhood allergies and immunodeficiencies based on six underlying facts and existing evidence."}, {"pmid": 32292300, "pmcid": "PMC7146654", "title": "Coronavirus 101.", "journal": "J Nurse Pract", "authors": ["Holstein, Barbara"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292300", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-2019 emerged from China in late December. It follows two other coronavirus outbreaks, the SARS-CoV and the MERS-CoV. Coronaviruses usually circulate among animals but sometimes can jump to humans. These three strains have caused severe disease in humans and global transmission concerns. Symptoms of COVID-2019 include cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Related illnesses can range from mild to severe to fatal. Primary care providers must be alert to respiratory symptoms they encounter that are associated with pertinent travel history, be prepared to safely screen, examine and possibly test and/or report suspicions to the health department for further evaluation."}, {"pmid": 32362300, "pmcid": "PMC7256217", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: achieving good mental health during social isolation.", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Diamond, Rowan", "Willan, John"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362300", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to unprecedented disruption to the normal way of life for people around the globe. Social distancing, self-isolation or shielding have been strongly advised or mandated in most countries. We suggest evidence-based ways that people can maintain or even strengthen their mental health during this crisis."}, {"pmid": 32168465, "pmcid": "PMC7258465", "title": "Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease in Gansu Province, China, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Fan, Jingchun", "Liu, Xiaodong", "Pan, Weimin", "Douglas, Mark W", "Bao, Shisan"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32168465", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the epidemiology of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a remote region of China, far from Wuhan, we analyzed the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Gansu Province. From January 23 through February 3, 2020, a total of 35 (64.8%) of 54 reported cases were imported from COVID-19-epidemic areas. Characteristics that differed significantly during the first and second waves of illness in Gansu Province were mean patient age, occupation, having visited epidemic areas, and mode of transportation. Time from infection to illness onset for family clusters was shorter in Gansu Province than in Wuhan, consistent with shortened durations from onset to first medical visit or hospitalization. Spatial distribution pattern analysis indicated hot spots and spatial outliers in Gansu Province. As a result of adequate interventions, transmission of the COVID-19 virus in Gansu Province is decreasing."}, {"pmid": 32451138, "pmcid": "PMC7190467", "title": "[Is there a need for ophthalmological surveillance in the case of short-term hydroxychloroquine treatment during this COVID-19 pandemic?]", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Defoort-Dhellemmes, S"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451138", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347790, "pmcid": "PMC7202095", "title": "Mechanical Thrombectomy in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Emergency Preparedness for Neuroscience Teams: A Guidance Statement From the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Nguyen, Thanh N", "Abdalkader, Mohamad", "Jovin, Tudor G", "Nogueira, Raul G", "Jadhav, Ashutosh P", "Haussen, Diogo C", "Hassan, Ameer E", "Novakovic, Roberta", "Sheth, Sunil A", "Ortega-Gutierrez, Santiago", "Panagos, Peter D", "Cordina, Steve M", "Linfante, Italo", "Mansour, Ossama Yassin", "Malik, Amer M", "Narayanan, Sandra", "Masoud, Hesham E", "Chou, Sherry Hsiang-Yi", "Khatri, Rakesh", "Janardhan, Vallabh", "Yavagal, Dileep R", "Zaidat, Osama O", "Greer, David M", "Liebeskind, David S"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347790", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32185369, "pmcid": "PMC7075271", "title": "Liver and Kidney Injuries in COVID-19 and Their Effects on Drug Therapy; a Letter to Editor.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Rismanbaf, Ali", "Zarei, Sara"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185369", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32119825, "pmcid": "PMC7097845", "title": "Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Hellewell, Joel", "Abbott, Sam", "Gimma, Amy", "Bosse, Nikos I", "Jarvis, Christopher I", "Russell, Timothy W", "Munday, James D", "Kucharski, Adam J", "Edmunds, W John", "Funk, Sebastian", "Eggo, Rosalind M"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119825", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Isolation of cases and contact tracing is used to control outbreaks of infectious diseases, and has been used for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Whether this strategy will achieve control depends on characteristics of both the pathogen and the response. Here we use a mathematical model to assess if isolation and contact tracing are able to control onwards transmission from imported cases of COVID-19. We developed a stochastic transmission model, parameterised to the COVID-19 outbreak. We used the model to quantify the potential effectiveness of contact tracing and isolation of cases at controlling a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-like pathogen. We considered scenarios that varied in the number of initial cases, the basic reproduction number (R0), the delay from symptom onset to isolation, the probability that contacts were traced, the proportion of transmission that occurred before symptom onset, and the proportion of subclinical infections. We assumed isolation prevented all further transmission in the model. Outbreaks were deemed controlled if transmission ended within 12 weeks or before 5000 cases in total. We measured the success of controlling outbreaks using isolation and contact tracing, and quantified the weekly maximum number of cases traced to measure feasibility of public health effort. Simulated outbreaks starting with five initial cases, an R0 of 1\u00b75, and 0% transmission before symptom onset could be controlled even with low contact tracing probability; however, the probability of controlling an outbreak decreased with the number of initial cases, when R0 was 2\u00b75 or 3\u00b75 and with more transmission before symptom onset. Across different initial numbers of cases, the majority of scenarios with an R0 of 1\u00b75 were controllable with less than 50% of contacts successfully traced. To control the majority of outbreaks, for R0 of 2\u00b75 more than 70% of contacts had to be traced, and for an R0 of 3\u00b75 more than 90% of contacts had to be traced. The delay between symptom onset and isolation had the largest role in determining whether an outbreak was controllable when R0 was 1\u00b75. For R0 values of 2\u00b75 or 3\u00b75, if there were 40 initial cases, contact tracing and isolation were only potentially feasible when less than 1% of transmission occurred before symptom onset. In most scenarios, highly effective contact tracing and case isolation is enough to control a new outbreak of COVID-19 within 3 months. The probability of control decreases with long delays from symptom onset to isolation, fewer cases ascertained by contact tracing, and increasing transmission before symptoms. This model can be modified to reflect updated transmission characteristics and more specific definitions of outbreak control to assess the potential success of local response efforts. Wellcome Trust, Global Challenges Research Fund, and Health Data Research UK."}, {"pmid": 32317405, "title": "Tracking the impact of interventions against COVID-19 in absence of extensive testing.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Karthikeyan, Ganesan"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317405", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271869, "title": "Web Exclusive. Annals On Call - COVID-19: Is Chloroquine the Answer?", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Centor, Robert M", "Kim, Alfred Hyoungju", "Sparks, Jeffrey A"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271869", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448757, "pmcid": "PMC7205647", "title": "The Iranian Society of Echocardiography (ISE) Statement on Performing Echocardiography During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Curr Probl Cardiol", "authors": ["Sattarzadeh Badkoubeh, Roya", "Almassi, Nooshin", "Moshkani Farahani, Maryam", "Movassaghi, Naser", "Khosravi, Arezoo", "Mirdamadi, Ahmad", "Kamali, Monireh", "Manshouri, Shirin", "Toufan Tabrizi, Mehrnoush", "Farrashi, Melody", "Samiei, Niloufar"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic has caused a significant burden on the global health system. Considerable cardiovascular involvement has been reported among COVID-19 patients with higher ICU admission and mortality rates among patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. Consequently, diagnostic cardiovascular evaluations such as echocardiography are a crucial part of the disease management. On the other hand, providing safety for the patients and the healthcare personnel is a matter of great concern in the pandemic state. In this document, we have provided recommendations on performing echocardiography in hospital echocardiography labs and outpatient echocardiography clinics during the current COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease of 2019) outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32320494, "title": "Systemic immunosuppressive therapy for inflammatory skin diseases in children: Expert consensus-based guidance for clinical decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Reynolds, Sean D", "Mathur, Anubhav N", "Chiu, Yvonne E", "Brandling-Bennett, Heather A", "Pope, Elena", "Siegel, Michael P", "Holland, Kristen E", "Paller, Amy S", "Siegfried, Elaine C", "Tom, Wynnis L", "Lara-Corrales, Irene", "Tollefson, Megha M", "Maguiness, Sheilagh", "Eichenfield, Lawrence F", "Sugarman, Jeffrey", "Frieden, Ilona J", "Oza, Vikash S", "Cipriano, Sarah D", "Huang, Jennifer T", "Shah, Sonal D", "Lauren, Christine T", "Castelo-Soccio, Leslie", "McMahon, Patrick", "Cordoro, Kelly M"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320494", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions about the approach to management of systemic immunosuppressive therapies for dermatologic indications in children. Change to: Given the absence of data to address concerns related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and systemic immunosuppressive therapies in an evidence-based manner, a Pediatric Dermatology COVID-19 Response Task Force (PDCRTF) was assembled to offer time-sensitive guidance for clinicians. A survey was distributed to an expert panel of 37 pediatric dermatologists on the PDCRTF to assess expert opinion and current practice related to three primary domains of systemic therapy: initiation, continuation, and laboratory monitoring. Nearly all respondents (97%) reported that the COVID-19 pandemic had impacted their decision to initiate immunosuppressive medications. The majority of pediatric dermatologists (87%) reported that they were pausing or reducing the frequency of laboratory monitoring for certain immunosuppressive medications. In asymptomatic patients, continuing therapy was the most popular choice across all medications queried. The majority agreed that patients on immunosuppressive medications who have a household exposure to COVID-19 or test positive for new infection should temporarily discontinue systemic and biologic medications, with the exception of systemic steroids, which may require tapering. The ultimate decision regarding initiation, continuation, and laboratory monitoring of immunosuppressive therapy during the pandemic requires careful deliberation, consideration of the little evidence available, and discussion with families. Consideration of an individual's adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures, risk of exposure, and the potential severity if infected must be weighed against the dermatological disease, medication, and risks to the patient of tapering or discontinuing therapies."}, {"pmid": 32348594, "pmcid": "PMC7267451", "title": "Procedural precautions and personal protective equipment during head and neck instrumentation in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Panuganti, Bharat A", "Pang, John", "Califano, Joseph", "Chan, Jason Y K"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348594", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Otolaryngologists represent a subset of health care workers uniquely vulnerable to COVID-19 transmission. Given the segmentation of extant guidelines concerning precautions and protective equipment for SARS-CoV2, we aimed to provide consolidated recommendations regarding appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) in head neck surgery during the COVID-19 era. Guidelines published by international and US governing bodies were reviewed in conjunction with published literature concerning COVID-19 transmission risk, testing, and PPE, to compile situation-specific recommendations for head and neck providers managing COVID-19 patients. High-quality data regarding the aerosolization potential of head and neck instrumentation and appropriate PPE during head and neck surgeries are lacking. However, extrapolation of recommendations by governing bodies suggests strongly that head and neck mucosal instrumentation warrants strict adherence to airborne-level precautions. We present a series of situation-specific recommendations for PPE use and other procedural precautions for otolaryngology providers to consider in the COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32443380, "title": "Experiences and perceptions risk of health-care workers from coronavirus: A protocol for systematic review.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Chen, Peng", "Lei, Jiexin", "Chen, Fuchao", "Zhou, Benhong"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443380", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare workers (HCWs) were at the frontline during the battle against coronavirus. Understanding and managing their fears and anxieties may hold lessons for handling future outbreaks. However, the experiences and perceptions risk of HCWs from coronavirus still remains to be controversial. Thus, the objective of this review is to identify, appraise, and synthesize available evidence related to the experiences and perceptions of risk of HCWs from coronavirus. The studies were gathered from PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CBMdisc, CNKI, WKSP, CSJFT, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO, along with several sources of gray literature. The retrieval of full-text studies, data extraction, and quality assessment of the included studies will be independently conducted by 2 reviewers. The meta-aggregative will be used for findings pooling and a summary of ConQual findings tables will be presented in future. This study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. The literature will provide a high-quality analysis of the current evidence to assess the experiences and perceptions risk of health-care workers from coronavirus. CRD42020170388."}, {"pmid": 32525368, "title": "Dying in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic: Contextual considerations and clinical recommendations.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["LeRoy, Angie S", "Robles, Barbara", "Kilpela, Lisa S", "Garcini, Luz M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525368", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dying is a natural part of life; however, death is often a fearful, frightening event. Dying in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges that magnify normative fears and may interfere with a healthy grieving process. To maintain a resilient spirit among those who are at risk of losing a loved one or who have lost a family member to COVID-19, it is important that they be provided with the necessary contextually and culturally appropriate skills and resources to facilitate healing in the face of hardship and uncertainty. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32286082, "title": "Impact, Strategies, and Opportunities for Early and Midcareer Cardiovascular Researchers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Climie, Rachel E", "Marques, Francine Z"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286082", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389540, "pmcid": "PMC7252117", "title": "Head and neck cancer cannot wait for this pandemic to end: Risks, challenges and perspectives of oral-maxillofacial surgeon during COVID-19.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Valentini, Valentino", "Pucci, Resi", "Battisti, Andrea", "Cassoni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389540", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510672, "title": "Difficulties faced by sexual and gender minorities during Covid 19 crisis.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Hafi, Bishurul", "Uvais, N A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510672", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505468, "title": "Emergency department operations in a large health system during COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Cohen, Brett A", "Wessling, Emily G", "Serina, Peter T", "Cruz, Daniel S", "Kim, Howard S", "McCarthy, Danielle M", "Loftus, Timothy M"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505468", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198985, "title": "Guide to the Forensic Pathology Practice on Death Cases Related to Corona Virus Disease 2019 COVID-19 Trial Draft.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Mao, D M", "Zhou, N", "Zheng, D", "Yue, J C", "Zhao, Q H", "Luo, B", "Guan, D W", "Zhou, Y W", "Hu, B J", "Cheng, J D"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198985", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Autopsy is of great significance to the elucidation of the pathological changes, pathogeneses and causes of death of corona virus disease 2019 \uff08COVID-19\uff09 and can provide theoretical basis for more scientific and accurate prevention and control of the outbreak. Based on related laws and regulations, such as the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, the clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19, and the related guidelines on the prevention and control of the outbreak, combined with the practical work of forensic pathology examination, the Guide to the Forensic Pathology Practice on Death Cases Related to Corona Virus Disease 2019 \uff08COVID-19\uff09 \uff08Trial Draft\uff09 has been developed. This guide includes information on the background investigation of the cases, autopsy room requirements, personal prevention and protections, external examinations, autopsy, auxiliary examinations, and so on. This guide can be used as a reference by forensic and pathological examination institutions, as well as examination staff."}, {"pmid": 32107910, "title": "[Analysis on epidemic situation and spatiotemporal changes of COVID-19 in Anhui].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, M", "Xu, H L", "Yuan, M", "Liu, Z R", "Wu, X Y", "Zhang, Y", "Ma, L Y", "Gong, L", "Gan, H", "Zong, W W", "Tao, S M", "Liu, Q", "Du, Y N", "Tao, F B"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32107910", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We used the epidemic data of COVID-19 published on the official website of the municipal health commission in Anhui province. We mapped the spatiotemporal changes of confirmed cases, fitted the epidemic situation by the population growth curve at different stages and took statistical description and analysis of the epidemic situation in Anhui province. It was found that the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was 156/100 000 by February 18, 2020 and the trend of COVID-19 epidemic declined after February 7, changing from J curve to S curve. The actual number of new cases began to decrease from February 2 to February 4 due to the time of case report and actual onset delayed by 3 to 5 days."}, {"pmid": 32449762, "title": "Acute coronary syndromes during COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Valente, Serafina", "Anselmi, Francesca", "Cameli, Matteo"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449762", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432953, "title": "The prospects of sitting 'end of year' open book exams in the light of COVID-19: A medical student's perspective.", "journal": "Med Teach", "authors": ["Jervis, Christopher G", "Brown, Leo R"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432953", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical schools in the UK have been forced to dramatically restructure teaching and assessment amidst the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. As part of this, some have opted to assess progression through open book examinations (OBE). I aim to share my thoughts as an unsettled 4th year medical student about to embark on my first set of clinical exams conducted in this format. The difficulties associated with preparing for examinations under such unique and challenging circumstances cannot be underestimated. Working from home, during social distancing, surrounds students with the extra family stresses that we are all facing during this pandemic. This combined with a new, unfamiliar examination format will inevitably lead to students feeling daunted. While some would argue that an OBE may reward good problem solvers, students still require a strong foundation of knowledge. The luxury of reference will not be afforded in all clinical settings thus leading to concerns regarding students skimming over essential learning points. Furthermore, we cannot ignore the increased opportunity for academic misconduct resulting from an open book assessment format. Why are medical schools placing undue stress on students who could instead focus their attention on living compassionately for others during this difficult time?"}, {"pmid": 32415915, "title": "Perspectives on challenges and opportunities for birth defects surveillance programs during and after the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Birth Defects Res", "authors": ["Ludorf, Katherine L", "Salemi, Jason L", "Kirby, Russell S", "Tanner, Jean Paul", "Agopian, A J"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415915", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In recent months, various public health measures have been implemented throughout the world in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This outbreak, and the subsequent containment policies, may have a range of potential short- and long-term impacts on the monitoring and surveillance of other conditions, such as birth defects. In this commentary, we provide a perspective on these potential impacts on birth defects surveillance and analysis. We discuss possible effects on clinical birth defect diagnoses, routine birth defects surveillance system activities, and epidemiologic considerations, as well as opportunities for mitigating the impact of COVID-19. Like many other sectors of public health and medicine, birth defects surveillance programs may be faced with organizational and methodological obstacles in the wake of a changing landscape. A better understanding of these potential challenges faced by birth defects surveillance programs could facilitate better planning and collaboration across programs to overcome barriers to core activities and to prepare for novel opportunities for research and prevention."}, {"pmid": 32286242, "title": "The value of urine biochemical parameters in the prediction of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Liu, Rui", "Ma, Qingfeng", "Han, Huan", "Su, Hanwen", "Liu, Fang", "Wu, Kailang", "Wang, Wei", "Zhu, Chengliang"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286242", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the cases of a significant proportion of patients are severe. A viral nucleic acid test is used for the diagnosis of COVID-19, and some hematological indicators have been used in the auxiliary diagnosis and identification of the severity of COVID-19. Regarding body fluid samples, except for being used for nucleic acid testing, the relationship between COVID-19 and routine body fluid parameters is not known. Our aim was to investigate the value of urine biochemical parameters in the prediction of the severity of COVID-19. Methods A total of 119 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. According to the severity of COVID-19, the patients were divided into three groups (moderate 67, severe 42 and critical 10), and 45 healthy persons were enrolled in the same period as healthy controls. The relationship between the results of urine biochemical parameters and the severity of COVID-19 was analyzed. Results The positive rates of urine occult blood (BLOOD) and proteinuria (PRO) were higher in COVID-19 patients than in healthy controls (p\u2009<\u20090.05); the urine specific gravity (SG) value was lower in patients than in healthy controls (p\u2009<\u20090.05), and the urine potential of hydrogen (pH) value was higher in patients than in healthy controls (p\u2009<\u20090.01). The positive rates of urine glucose (GLU-U) and PRO in the severe and critical groups were higher than those in the moderate group (p\u2009<\u20090.01 and p\u2009<\u20090.05, respectively); other biochemical parameters of urine were not associated with the severity of COVID-19. Conclusions Some urine biochemical parameters are different between patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 and healthy controls, and GLU-U and PRO may be helpful for the differentiation of COVID-19 severity."}, {"pmid": 32505678, "title": "Adapting vascular surgery practice to the current COVID-19 era at a tertiary academic center in Madrid.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Valdivia, Andres Reyes", "Sanus, Enrique Aracil", "Santos, Africa Duque", "Olmos, Cristina Gomez", "Alguacil, Sergio Gordillo", "El Amrani, Mehdi", "Guaita, Julia Ocana", "Zuniga, Claudio Gandarias"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505678", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic potential of Coronavirus infection is now a reality. Since the first case detected in late 2019 in China a fast-world-wide expansion confirms it. The vascular patient is at a higher risk of developing a severe form of the disease due to its nature associating several comorbid states and thus, some Vascular Surgery communities from many countries have tried to stratify patients into those requiring care during these uncertain times. Observational study describing the current daily vascular surgery practice at one tertiary academic hospital in Madrid region, Spain; one of the most affected regions worldwide due to the COVID-19 outbreak. We analyzed our surgical practice since March 14th when the lockdown was declared up to date, May 14th (2 months). Procedural surgical practice, organizational issues, early outcomes and all the troubles encountered during this new situation are described. Our department is composed of 10 vascular surgeons and 4 trainees. Surgical practice has been reduced to only urgent care, totaling 50 repairs on 45 patients during the time period. Five surgeries were performed on 3 COVID-19 positive patients. Sixty percent were due to CLI, 45% of them performed by complete endovascular approach; whereas less than 10% of repairs were aorta related. We were allocated to use a total of 5 surgical rooms in different locations, none our usual, as it was converted into an ICU room while performing 50% of those repairs with unusual nursery staff. The COVID-19 outbreak has dramatically changed our organization and practice in favor of urgent or semi-urgent surgical care alone. The lack for in-hospital/ICU beds and changing nursery staff changed the whole availability organization at our hospital and was a key factor in surgical decision making in some cases."}, {"pmid": 32356760, "title": "The role of imaging in the detection and management of COVID-19: a review.", "journal": "IEEE Rev Biomed Eng", "authors": ["Dong, Di", "Tang, Zhenchao", "Wang, Shuo", "Hui, Hui", "Gong, Lixin", "Lu, Yao", "Xue, Zhong", "Liao, Hongen", "Chen, Fang", "Yang, Fan", "Jin, Ronghua", "Wang, Kun", "Liu, Zhenyu", "Wei, Jingwei", "Mu, Wei", "Zhang, Hui", "Jiang, Jingying", "Tian, Jie", "Li, Hongjun"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356760", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly around the world, resulting in a massive death toll. Lung infection or pneumonia is the common complication of COVID-19, and imaging techniques, especially computed tomography (CT), have played an important role in diagnosis and treatment assessment of the disease. Herein, we review the imaging characteristics and computing models that have been applied for the management of COVID-19. CT, positron emission tomography - CT (PET/CT), lung ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used for detection, treatment, and follow-up. The quantitative analysis of imaging data using artificial intelligence (AI) is also explored. Our findings indicate that typical imaging characteristics and their changes can play crucial roles in the detection and management of COVID-19. In addition, AI or other quantitative image analysis methods are urgently needed to maximize the value of imaging in the management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32416961, "pmcid": "PMC7190499", "title": "Biochemical characterization of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.", "journal": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun", "authors": ["Zeng, Weihong", "Liu, Guangfeng", "Ma, Huan", "Zhao, Dan", "Yang, Yunru", "Liu, Muziying", "Mohammed, Ahmed", "Zhao, Changcheng", "Yang, Yun", "Xie, Jiajia", "Ding, Chengchao", "Ma, Xiaoling", "Weng, Jianping", "Gao, Yong", "He, Hongliang", "Jin, Tengchuan"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416961", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The nucleocapsid (N) protein is an important antigen for coronavirus, which participate in RNA package and virus particle release. In this study, we expressed the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 and characterized its biochemical properties. Static light scattering, size exclusive chromatography, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) showed that the purified N protein is largely a dimer in solution. CD spectra showed that it has a high percentage of disordered region at room temperature while it was best structured at 55\u00a0\u00b0C, suggesting its structural dynamics. Fluorescence polarization assay showed it has non-specific nucleic acid binding capability, which raised a concern in using it as a diagnostic marker. Immunoblot assays confirmed the presence of IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies against N antigen in COVID-19 infection patients' sera, proving the importance of this antigen in host immunity and diagnostics."}, {"pmid": 32434807, "title": "COVID-19 serologic testing: FAQs and caveats.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Kadkhoda, Kamran"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434807", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324958, "pmcid": "PMC7264773", "title": "Lupus anticoagulant is frequent in patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Harzallah, Ines", "Debliquis, Agathe", "Drenou, Bernard"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324958", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405126, "pmcid": "PMC7219351", "title": "Putting a balance on the aerosolization debate around SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Dancer, S J", "Tang, J W", "Marr, L C", "Miller, S", "Morawska, L", "Jimenez, J L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353723, "pmcid": "PMC7252152", "title": "Early forecasting of the potential risk zones of COVID-19 in China's megacities.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ren, Hongyan", "Zhao, Lu", "Zhang, An", "Song, Liuyi", "Liao, Yilan", "Lu, Weili", "Cui, Cheng"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353723", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide public health threat. Early and quick identification of the potential risk zones of COVID-19 infection is increasingly vital for the megacities implementing targeted infection prevention and control measures. In this study, the communities with confirmed cases during January 21-February 27 were collected and considered as the specific epidemic data for Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. We evaluated the spatiotemporal variations of the epidemics before utilizing the ecological niche models (ENM) to assemble the epidemic data and nine socioeconomic variables for identifying the potential risk zones of this infection in these megacities. Three megacities were differentiated by the spatial patterns and quantities of infected communities, average cases per community, the percentages of imported cases, as well as the potential risks, although their COVID-19 infection situations have been preliminarily contained to date. With higher risks that were predominated by various influencing factors in each megacity, the potential risk zones coverd about 75% to 100% of currently infected communities. Our results demonstrate that the ENM method was capable of being employed as an early forecasting tool for identifying the potential COVID-19 infection risk zones on a fine scale. We suggest that local hygienic authorities should keep their eyes on the epidemic in each megacity for sufficiently implementing and adjusting their interventions in the zones with more residents or probably crowded places. This study would provide useful clues for relevant hygienic departments making quick responses to increasingly severe epidemics in similar megacities in the world."}, {"pmid": 32304660, "pmcid": "PMC7195286", "title": "The Role of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons in COVID-19 Response.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Patel, Nisarg A", "Ji, Yisi D", "Odera, Sampeter L"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293675, "pmcid": "PMC7184511", "title": "Key words to be adopted for COVID-19 research.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Maggioni, Aldo", "Rapezzi, Claudio", "Tavazzi, Luigi", "Ferrari, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293675", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505228, "title": "COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients: preliminary data from the ELITA/ELTR registry.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Belli, Luca S", "Duvoux, Christophe", "Karam, Vincent", "Adam, Rene", "Cuervas-Mons, Valentin", "Pasulo, Luisa", "Loinaz, Carmelo", "Invernizzi, Federica", "Patrono, Damiano", "Bhoori, Sherrie", "Ciccarelli, Olga", "Morelli, Maria Cristina", "Castells, Lluis", "Lopez-Lopez, Victor", "Conti, Sara", "Fondevila, Costantino", "Polak, Wojchiech"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505228", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356040, "pmcid": "PMC7191967", "title": "Initial resolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in China-can the virus return?", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Ge, Junbo"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356040", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522207, "title": "COVID-19: viral-host interactome analyzed by network based-approach model to study pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Messina, Francesco", "Giombini, Emanuela", "Agrati, Chiara", "Vairo, Francesco", "Ascoli Bartoli, Tommaso", "Al Moghazi, Samir", "Piacentini, Mauro", "Locatelli, Franco", "Kobinger, Gary", "Maeurer, Markus", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Capobianchi, Maria R", "Lauria, Francesco Nicola", "Ippolito, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522207", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epidemiological, virological and pathogenetic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection are under evaluation. A better understanding of the pathophysiology associated with COVID-19 is crucial to improve treatment modalities and to develop effective prevention strategies. Transcriptomic and proteomic data on the host response against SARS-CoV-2 still have anecdotic character; currently available data from other coronavirus infections are therefore a key source of information. We investigated selected molecular aspects of three human coronavirus (HCoV) infections, namely SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and HCoV-229E, through a network based-approach. A functional analysis of HCoV-host interactome was carried out in order to provide a theoretic host-pathogen interaction model for HCoV infections and in order to translate the results in prediction for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. The 3D model of S-glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 was compared to the structure of the corresponding SARS-CoV, HCoV-229E and MERS-CoV S-glycoprotein. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV-229E and the host interactome were inferred through published protein-protein interactions (PPI) as well as gene co-expression, triggered by HCoV S-glycoprotein in host cells. Although the amino acid sequences of the S-glycoprotein were found to be different between the various HCoV, the structures showed high similarity, but the best 3D structural overlap shared by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, consistent with the shared ACE2 predicted receptor. The host interactome, linked to the S-glycoprotein of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, mainly highlighted innate immunity pathway components, such as Toll Like receptors, cytokines and chemokines. In this paper, we developed a network-based model with the aim to define molecular aspects of pathogenic phenotypes in HCoV infections. The resulting pattern may facilitate the process of structure-guided pharmaceutical and diagnostic research with the prospect to identify potential new biological targets."}, {"pmid": 32361283, "pmcid": "PMC7183944", "title": "Peripheral nerve blocks in a patient with suspected COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kilicaslan, Alper", "Kekec, Ahmet Fevzi", "Eren, Ayse Seda", "Uzun, Sema Tuncer"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361283", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499395, "title": "Disaster Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic for Patients with Kidney Disease in New York City.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499395", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289085, "pmcid": "PMC7143583", "title": "A novel presentation of COVID-19 via community acquired infection.", "journal": "Vis J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Jansen, Jaclyn H", "Day, Rachel L"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289085", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495088, "pmcid": "PMC7269421", "title": "Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Academic Hospital in New York City.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Mansour, Mayce", "Leven, Emily", "Muellers, Kimberly", "Stone, Kimberly", "Mendu, Damodara Rao", "Wajnberg, Ania"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495088", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390140, "pmcid": "PMC7273001", "title": "G6PD deficiency-associated hemolysis and methemoglobinemia in a COVID-19 patient treated with chloroquine.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Kuipers, M T", "van Zwieten, R", "Heijmans, J", "Rutten, C E", "de Heer, K", "Kater, A P", "Nur, E"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390140", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448039, "title": "In-silico strategies for probing chloroquine based inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Beura, Satyajit", "Chetti, Prabhakar"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448039", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global health emergency of novel COVID-19 is due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently there are no approved drugs for the treatment of coronaviral disease (COVID-19), although some of the drugs have been tried. Chloroquine is being widely used in treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hydroxychloroquine, the derivative of Chloroquine shows better inhibition than Chloroquine and has in\u00a0vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 also used to treat COVID-19. To study the interactions of Chloroquine and derivatives of Chloroquine with SARS-CoV-2, series of computational approaches like pharmacophore model, molecular docking, MM_GBSA study and ADME property analysis are explored. The pharmacophore model and molecular docking study are used to explore the structural properties of the compounds and the ligand-receptor (PDB_ID: 6LU7) interactions respectively. MM_GBSA study gives the binding free energy of the protein-ligand complex and ADME property analysis explains the pharmacological property of the compounds. The resultant best molecule (CQD15) further subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study which explains the protein stability (RMSD), ligand properties as well as protein-ligand contacts. Outcomes of the present study conclude with the molecule CQD15 which shows better interactions for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison to Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32452375, "title": "[Covid-19: care protocols or research protocols?]", "journal": "Med Sci (Paris)", "authors": ["Amiel, Philippe", "Chneiweiss, Herve", "Dosquet, Christine"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452375", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422078, "title": "Effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant women and their infants: A retrospective study in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Yang, Hui", "Hu, Bin", "Zhan, Sudong", "Yang, Li-Ye", "Xiong, Guoping"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422078", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Context: The pandemic of a novel coronavirus, termed SARS-CoV-2, has created an unprecedented global health burden. Objective: To investigate the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and other poor obstetrical outcomes. Design: All suspected cases of pregnant women with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted into one center of Wuhan from Jan 20, 2020 to March 19, 2020 were included. Detailed clinical data of those pregnancies with COVID-19 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results: Twenty-seven laboratory or clinically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection pregnant women (4 early pregnancies included) and 24 neonates born to the 23 late pregnant mothers were analyzed. On admission, 46.2% (13/27) of the patients had symptoms, including fever (11/27), cough (9/27) and vomiting (1/27). Decreased total lymphocytes count was observed in 81.6% (22/27) patients. Twenty-six patients showed typical viral pneumonia by chest computed tomography (CT) scan, while one patient confirmed with COVID-19 infection showed no abnormality on chest CT. One mother developed severe pneumonia three days after her delivery. No maternal and perinatal death occurred. Moreover, one early preterm newborn, born to a mother with complication of premature rupture of fetal membranes, highly suspected with SARS-CoV-2 infection, was SARS-CoV-2 negative after repeated real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing. Statistical difference was observed between the groups of early pregnant and late pregnant women with COVID-19 in the occurrence of lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia. Conclusions: No major complication were reported among the studied cohort, though one serious case and one perinatal infection were observed. Much effort should be done to reduce the pathogenic effect of COVID-19 infection in pregnancies."}, {"pmid": 32253680, "pmcid": "PMC7133773", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic requires a unified global response.", "journal": "Endocrine", "authors": ["Filetti, Sebastiano"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253680", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484453, "title": "Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes abnormal laboratory results of multiple organs in patients.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Yang, Ai-Ping", "Li, Hui-Ming", "Tao, Wen-Qiang", "Yang, Xue-Jing", "Wang, Min", "Yang, Wen-Juan", "Liu, Jian-Ping"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484453", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the clinical value of abnormal laboratory results of multiple organs in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and to help clinicians perform correct treatment. Elevated neutrophil-to-LYM ratio (NLR), D-dimer(D-D), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-2, interferon-Y, and age were significantly associated with the severity of illness. However, significant and sustained decreases were observed in the LYM subset (p<0.05). D-D, T cell counts, and cytokine levels in severe COVID-19 patients who survived the disease gradually recovered at later time points to levels that were comparable to those of mild cases. Second, D-D increased from 0.5 to 8, and the risk ratio increased from 2.75 to 55, eventually leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Moreover, the acute renal function damage occurred earlier than abnormal heart and liver functions (p<0.05). The degrees of lymphopenia and proinflammatory cytokine storm were higher in severe COVID-19 patients than in mild cases. The degree was associated with the disease severity. Advanced age, NLR, D-D, and cytokine levels may serve as useful prognostic factors for the early identification of severe COVID-19 cases. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 93 confirmed COVID-19 patients. The samples were examined for lymphocyte (LYM) subsets by flow cytometry and cytokine profiles by specific immunoassays. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to determine the best diagnostic thresholds for laboratory results, and principal component analysis was used to screen the major risk factors. The prognostic values were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier curve and univariate and multivariate COX regression models."}, {"pmid": 32334502, "title": "The Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR): Novel Considerations as an Antiviral Treatment", "journal": "Curr Neurovasc Res", "authors": ["Maiese, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334502", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Multiple viral pathogens can pose a significant health risk to individuals. As a recent\nexample, the \u03b2-coronavirus family virion, SARS-CoV-2, has quickly evolved as a pandemic leading\nto coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has been declared by the World Health Organization\nas a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. To date, no definitive treatment or\nvaccine application exists for COVID-19. Although new investigations seek to repurpose existing\nantiviral treatments for COVID-19, innovative treatment strategies not normally considered to\nhave antiviral capabilities may be critical to address this global concern. One such avenue that may\nprove to be exceedingly fruitful and offer exciting potential as new antiviral therapy involves the\nmechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its associated pathways of mTOR Complex 1\n(mTORC1), mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2), and AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). Recent\nwork has shown that mTOR pathways in conjunction with AMPK may offer valuable targets to\ncontrol cell injury, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the onset of hyperinflammation,\na significant disability associated with COVID-19. Furthermore, pathways that can activate\nmTOR may be necessary for anti-hepatitis C activity, reduction of influenza A virus replication,\nand vital for type-1 interferon responses with influenza vaccination. Yet, important considerations\nfor the development of safe and effective antiviral therapy with mTOR pathways exist. Under\nsome conditions, mTOR can act as a double edge sword and participate in virion replication and\nvirion release from cells. Future work with mTOR as a potential antiviral target is highly warranted\nand with a greater understanding of this novel pathway, new treatments against several viral\npathogens may successfully emerge."}, {"pmid": 32424314, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19-like disease in cynomolgus macaques.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Le Bras, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424314", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340995, "title": "Covid-19: protecting patients in hospital for neurorehabilitation and their therapists.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mamo, Jonathan", "Feroz, Beenish", "Mahmood, Sazan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340995", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423908, "title": "Early Outcomes of Outpatient Management of Kidney Transplant Recipients with Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Husain, S Ali", "Dube, Geoffrey", "Morris, Heather", "Fernandez, Hilda", "Chang, Jae-Hyung", "Paget, Kathryn", "Sritharan, Sharlinee", "Patel, Shefali", "Pawliczak, Olga", "Boehler, Mia", "Tsapepas, Demetra", "Crew, R John", "Cohen, David J", "Mohan, Sumit"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423908", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Outcomes of kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 as outpatients have not been described. We obtained clinical data for 41 consecutive outpatient kidney transplant recipients with known or suspected coronavirus disease 2019. Chi-squared and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare characteristics of patients who required hospitalization versus those who did not. Of 41 patients, 22 (54%) had confirmed coronavirus disease 2019, and 19 (46%) were suspected cases. Patients most commonly reported fever (80%), cough (56%), and dyspnea (39%). At the end of follow-up, 13 patients (32%) required hospitalization a median of 8 days (range, 1-16) after symptom onset, and 23 (56%) had outpatient symptom resolution a median of 12 days (4-23) after onset. Patients who required hospitalization were more likely to have reported dyspnea (77% versus 21%, P=0.003) and had higher baseline creatinine (median, 2.0 versus 1.3 mg/dl, P=0.02), but there were no other differences between groups. In an early cohort of outpatient kidney transplant recipients with known or suspected coronavirus disease 2019, many had symptomatic resolution without requiring hospitalization."}, {"pmid": 32275770, "pmcid": "PMC7262274", "title": "Safety testing improvised COVID-19 personal protective equipment based on a modified full-face snorkel mask.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Greig, P R", "Carvalho, C", "El-Boghdadly, K", "Ramessur, S"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452722, "title": "Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery Protocol From the Frontlines: Transnasal Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Spock, Todd", "Kessler, Remi", "Lerner, David", "Filip, Peter", "Del Signore, Anthony", "Colley, Patrick", "Morgenstern, Peter", "Schaberg, Madeleine", "Bederson, Joshua", "Govindaraj, Satish", "Iloreta, Alfred Marc", "Shrivastava, Raj"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452722", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted the standard management paradigms for care of patients with sinus and skull base presentations due to concern for patient and health care provider safety, given the high aerosol-generating potential of endonasal procedures. We reviewed the relevant literature complied from available sources, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and otolaryngology journals providing electronic manuscripts ahead of indexing or publication. Incorporating available evidence and the projected infection control and resource limitations at our institution, we collectively authored a dynamic set of protocols guiding (1) case stratification, (2) preoperative assessment, (3) operative setup, and (4) postoperative care of patients with sinus or skull base presentations. Due to the rapidly evolving nature of COVID-19 publications, lack of rigorous data, and urgent necessity of standardized protocols, strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were not employed. As scarce hospital resources are diverted to COVID-19 care and staff are redeployed to forward-facing roles, endonasal procedures have largely ceased, leaving patients with ongoing sinonasal and skull base complaints untreated. Skull base teams now weigh the urgency of surgery in this population with the regional availability of resources. The COVID-19 pandemic will have an enduring and unpredictable impact on hospital operations and surgical skull base practices and will require a dynamic set of management protocols responsive to new evidence and changing resources. In the current resource-limited environment, clinicians may utilize these protocols to assist with stratifying patients by acuity, performing preoperative assessment, and guiding peri- and postoperative care."}, {"pmid": 32415251, "title": "15 drugs being tested to treat COVID-19 and how they would work.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Shaffer, Leah"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415251", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346963, "pmcid": "PMC7267497", "title": "Infection prevention and control measures during COVID-19 from medical physics perspective: A single institution experience from China.", "journal": "J Appl Clin Med Phys", "authors": ["Li, Dingjie", "Liu, Ru", "Wei, Shengtao", "Li, Tian", "Cai, Jing", "Ge, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346963", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179860, "title": "Don't rush to deploy COVID-19 vaccines and drugs without sufficient safety guarantees.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Jiang, Shibo"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179860", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312733, "title": "Covid-19, prison crowding, and release policies.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Simpson, Paul L", "Butler, Tony G"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312733", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424027, "title": "Response to: 'Antimalarial use and arrhythmias in COVID-19 and rheumatic patients: a matter of dose and inflammation?' by Erre et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Graef, Elizabeth R", "Liew, Jean W", "Kim, Alfred Hj", "Sparks, Jeffrey A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424027", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490936, "title": "Technological Innovation in Outpatient Assistance for Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Transplant Patients During the Coronavirus Disease Outbreak: A Method to Minimize Transmission.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Ono, Suzane Kioko", "Andraus, Wellington", "Terrabuio, Debora Raquel Benedita", "Cobello-Junior, Vilson", "Arai, Lilian", "Ducatti, Liliana", "Haddad, Luciana Bertocco de Paiva", "D'Albuquerque, Luiz Augusto Carneiro", "Carrilho, Flair Jose"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490936", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425467, "pmcid": "PMC7227492", "title": "A Geriatric Psychiatry Virtual Rotation during Covid-19.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Collier, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425467", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222164, "pmcid": "PMC7195153", "title": "CT screening for early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Yongshun", "Cheng, Weibin", "Zhao, Na", "Qu, Hongying", "Tian, Junzhang"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222164", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242340, "pmcid": "PMC7189073", "title": "Robot assisted surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for gynecological cancer: a statement of the Society of European Robotic Gynaecological Surgery (SERGS).", "journal": "J Gynecol Oncol", "authors": ["Kimmig, Rainer", "Verheijen, Rene H M", "Rudnicki, Martin"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242340", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "All surgery performed in an epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, irrespective of the known or suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) status of the patient, should be regarded as high risk and protection of the surgical team at the bedside should be at the highest level. Robot assisted surgery (RAS) may help to reduce hospital stay for patients that urgently need complex-oncological-surgery, thus making room for COVID-19 patients. In comparison to open or conventional laparoscopic surgery, RAS potentially reduces not only contamination with body fluids and surgical gasses of the surgical area but also the number of directly exposed medical staff. A prerequisite is that general surgical precautions under COVID-19 circumstances must be taken, with the addition of prevention of gas leakage: \u2022 Use highest protection level III for bedside assistant, but level II for console surgeon. \u2022 Reduce the number of staff at the operation room. \u2022 Ensure safe and effective gas evacuation. \u2022 Reduce the intra-abdominal pressure to 8 mmHg or below. \u2022 Minimize electrocautery power and avoid use of ultrasonic sealing devices. \u2022 Surgeons should avoid contact outside theater (both in and out of the hospital)."}, {"pmid": 32512362, "title": "Assessing the relationship between surface levels of PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter impact on COVID-19 in Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Zoran, Maria A", "Savastru, Roxana S", "Savastru, Dan M", "Tautan, Marina N"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512362", "countries": ["Italy", "China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly pathogenic, transmittable and invasive pneumococcal disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in December 2019 and January 2020 in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China and fast spread later on the middle of February 2020 in the Northern part of Italy and Europe. This study investigates the correlation between the degree of accelerated diffusion and lethality of COVID-19 and the surface air pollution in Milan metropolitan area, Lombardy region, Italy. Daily average concentrations of inhalable particulate matter (PM) in two size fractions PM2.5, PM10 and maxima PM10 ground level atmospheric pollutants together air quality and climate variables (daily average temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure field and Planetary Boundary Layer-PBL height) collected during 1 January-30 April 2020 were analyzed. In spite of being considered primarily transmitted by indoor bioaerosols droplets and infected surfaces, or direct human-to-human personal contacts, it seems that high levels of urban air pollution, weather and specific climate conditions have a significant impact on the increased rates of confirmed COVID-19 Total number, Daily New and Total Deaths cases, possible attributed not only to indoor but also to outdoor airborne bioaerosols distribution. Our analysis demonstrates the strong influence of daily averaged ground levels of particulate matter concentrations, positively associated with average surface air temperature and inversely related to air relative humidity on COVID-19 cases outbreak in Milan. Being a novel pandemic coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) version, COVID-19 might be ongoing during summer conditions associated with higher temperatures and low humidity levels. Presently is not clear if this protein \"spike\" of the new coronavirus COVID-19 is involved through attachment mechanisms on indoor or outdoor airborne aerosols in the infectious agent transmission from a reservoir to a susceptible host in some agglomerated urban areas like Milan is."}, {"pmid": 32505777, "title": "Brief clinical evaluation of six high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody assays.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Kohmer, Niko", "Westhaus, Sandra", "Ruhl, Cornelia", "Ciesek, Sandra", "Rabenau, Holger F"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505777", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Serological SARS-CoV-2 assays are urgently needed for diagnosis, contact tracing and for epidemiological studies. So far, there is limited data on how recently commercially available, high-throughput immunoassays, using different recombinant SARS-CoV-2 antigens, perform with clinical samples. Focusing on IgG and total antibodies, we demonstrate the performance of four automated immunoassays (Abbott Architect\u2122 i2000 (N protein-based)), Roche cobas\u2122 e 411 analyzer (N protein-based, not differentiating between IgA, IgM or IgG antibodies), LIAISON\u00aeXL platform (S1 and S2 protein-based), VIRCLIA\u00ae automation system (S1 and N protein-based) in comparison to two ELISA assays (Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 IgG (S1 protein-based) and Virotech SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA (N protein-based)) and an in-house developed plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). We tested follow up serum/plasma samples of individuals PCR-diagnosed with COVID-19. When calculating the overall sensitivity, in a time frame of 49 days after first PCR-positivity, the PRNT as gold standard, showed the highest sensitivity with 93.3% followed by the dual-target assay for the VIRCLIA\u00ae automation system with 89%. The overall sensitivity in the group of N protein-based assays ranged from 66.7 to 77.8% and in the S protein-based-assays from 71.1 to 75.6%. Five follow-up samples of three individuals were only detected in either an S and/or N protein-based assay, indicating an individual different immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and the influence of the used assay in the detection of IgG antibodies. This should be further analysed. The specificity of the examined assays was \u2265 97%. However, because of the low or unknown prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, the examined assays in this study are currently primarily eligible for epidemiological investigations, as they have limited information in individual testing."}, {"pmid": 32528113, "title": "Borrow crisis tactics to get COVID-19 supplies to where they are needed.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cramton, Peter", "Ockenfels, Axel", "Roth, Alvin E", "Wilson, Robert B"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528113", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341101, "pmcid": "PMC7236819", "title": "COVID-19 and smoking: is nicotine the hidden link?", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Russo, Patrizia", "Bonassi, Stefano", "Giacconi, Robertina", "Malavolta, Marco", "Tomino, Carlo", "Maggi, Fabrizio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341101", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239736, "pmcid": "PMC7228208", "title": "Response to: Sore throat in COVID-19: comment on \"Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A single arm meta-analysis\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Pengfei", "Ren, Jizhen", "Li, Kun", "Qie, Shuyan", "Liu, Zongjian", "Xi, Jianing"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239736", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521002, "title": "Antibody profiles in mild and severe cases of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Liu, Zhi-Li", "Liu, Yang", "Wan, La-Gen", "Xiang, Tian-Xin", "Le, Ai-Ping", "Liu, Peng", "Peiris, Malik", "Poon, Leo L M", "Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521002", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353526, "pmcid": "PMC7185011", "title": "Continues renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with disposable hemoperfusion cartridge: A promising option for severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Glob Antimicrob Resist", "authors": ["Dastan, Farzaneh", "Saffaei, Ali", "Mortazavi, Seyed Mehdi", "Jamaati, Hamidreza", "Adnani, Nadia", "Samiee Roudi, Sasan", "Kiani, Arda", "Abedini, Atefeh", "Hashemian, Seyed MohammadReza"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353526", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cytokine release syndrome is prevalent in severe cases of COVID-19. In this syndrome, an uncontrolled response of immune system occurs. Extracorporeal blood purification has been proven to effectively remove the released inflammatory cytokines. Here, we reported a successful case to represent our experience of extracorporeal blood purification in a patient with severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32251791, "pmcid": "PMC7195378", "title": "A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Moriguchi, Takeshi", "Harii, Norikazu", "Goto, Junko", "Harada, Daiki", "Sugawara, Hisanori", "Takamino, Junichi", "Ueno, Masateru", "Sakata, Hiroki", "Kondo, Kengo", "Myose, Natsuhiko", "Nakao, Atsuhito", "Takeda, Masayuki", "Haro, Hirotaka", "Inoue, Osamu", "Suzuki-Inoue, Katsue", "Kubokawa, Kayo", "Ogihara, Shinji", "Sasaki, Tomoyuki", "Kinouchi, Hiroyuki", "Kojin, Hiroyuki", "Ito, Masami", "Onishi, Hiroshi", "Shimizu, Tatsuya", "Sasaki, Yu", "Enomoto, Nobuyuki", "Ishihara, Hiroshi", "Furuya, Shiomi", "Yamamoto, Tomoko", "Shimada, Shinji"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251791", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus (SARS-Coronavirus-2:SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in Wuhan, China, has spread to multiple countries rapidly. We report the first case of meningitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 who was brought in by ambulance due to a convulsion accompanied by unconsciousness. He had never been to any foreign countries. He felt generalized fatigue and fever (day 1). He saw doctors nearby twice (day 2 and 5) and was prescribed Laninamivir and antipyretic agents, His family visited his home and found that he was unconsciousness and lying on the floor in his vomit. He was immediately transported to this hospital by ambulance (day 9). Under emergency transport, he had transient generalized seizures that lasted about a minute. He had obvious neck stiffness. The specific SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in the nasopharyngeal swab but was detected in a CSF. Anti- HSV 1 and varicella-zoster IgM antibodies were not detected in serum samples. A brain MRI showed hyperintensity along the wall of right lateral ventricle and hyperintense signal changes in the right mesial temporal lobe and hippocampus, suggesting the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 meningitis. This case warns the physicians of patients who have CNS symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32510261, "title": "Is there any possible link between COVID-19 and human infertility?", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Cavalcante, Marcelo Borges", "Sarno, Manoel", "da Silva, Arlley Cleverson Belo", "Araujo Junior, Edward", "Barini, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510261", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349031, "title": "Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors in Diabetic Patients with Coronavirus-19 Infection.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chen, Chun-Fan", "Chien, Chian-Hsu", "Yang, Yi-Ping", "Chou, Shih-Jie", "Wang, Mong-Lien", "Huo, The-Ia", "Lin, Chih-Ching"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349031", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is widely increasing the patients affiliated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from last December of 2019. It's reported that the entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed to be angiotensin converting enzymes 2 (ACE2). Notably, whether the ACE-related inhibitors or drugs modulated ACE2 activity in affecting with viral activity and disease severity of SARS-CoV-2 is still an open question. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DDP-4), a well-known anti-diabetic drug, has been widely used to control the glycemic condition in diabetic patients. In this article, we are focusing on the impact of ACE inhibitors (ACEI) and DPP4 inhibitors used on SARS-CoV-2 activity and discussions about those drugs that may be related to infectious condition of COVID-19 diseases."}, {"pmid": 32307254, "pmcid": "PMC7136887", "title": "Invasive fungal diseases during COVID-19: We should be prepared.", "journal": "J Mycol Med", "authors": ["Gangneux, J-P", "Bougnoux, M-E", "Dannaoui, E", "Cornet, M", "Zahar, J R"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307254", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460350, "title": "Cold Agglutinin Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Zagorski, Emily", "Pawar, Tushar", "Rahimian, Shoja", "Forman, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460350", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS) is a rare disorder associated with infection, autoimmune disorders, and lymphoid malignancies. We are present a case of CAS associated with SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19. A 46-year-old female presented with severe anemia and positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA PCR. Direct Coombs test was positive to IgG and complement. LDH was elevated and haptoglobin was undetectable. Peripheral smear revealed RBC agglutination, marked polychromasia, and many nucleated RBCs. Unfortunately, as a result of her severe hypoxemia, patient went into pulseless electrical activity before receiving transfusion and subsequently died. We postulate that CAS can be associated with COVID-19, and ongoing surveillance is required for potential association."}, {"pmid": 32406213, "title": "Recommendations for gynecologic cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Gynecol Oncol", "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406213", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312892, "title": "Adapting to a Pandemic - Conducting Oncology Trials during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Cancer Res", "authors": ["Tan, Aaron C", "Ashley, David M", "Khasraw, Mustafa"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312892", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has necessitated changes in cancer care delivery as resources are reallocated. Clinical trials and other research activities are inevitably impacted. Start-up activities for new trials may be deferred and recruitment suspended. For patients already enrolled however, there are challenges in continuing treatment on trial. Regulatory bodies have issued guidance on managing clinical trials during the pandemic, including contingency measures for remote study visits, delivery of investigational product, and site monitoring visits. New cancer clinical trial practices during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic include new risk assessment strategies, decentralized and remote trial coordination, data collection, and delegation of specific therapeutic activities. This experience could provide evidence of more feasible and cost-effective methods for future clinical trial conduct."}, {"pmid": 32344028, "pmcid": "PMC7195005", "title": "Approach to Surgical Interventions during Coronavirus disease Pandemic in Turkey.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Unlu, Cihat", "Ustun, Yusuf"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344028", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32098289, "pmcid": "PMC7073898", "title": "Short-term Forecasts of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Guangdong and Zhejiang, China: February 13-23, 2020.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Roosa, Kimberlyn", "Lee, Yiseul", "Luo, Ruiyan", "Kirpich, Alexander", "Rothenberg, Richard", "Hyman, James M", "Yan, Ping", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32098289", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic continues to spread within and outside of China, despite several social distancing measures implemented by the Chinese government. Limited epidemiological data are available, and recent changes in case definition and reporting further complicate our understanding of the impact of the epidemic, particularly in the epidemic's epicenter. Here we use previously validated phenomenological models to generate short-term forecasts of cumulative reported cases in Guangdong and Zhejiang, China. Using daily reported cumulative case data up until 13 February 2020 from the National Health Commission of China, we report 5- and 10-day ahead forecasts of cumulative case reports. Specifically, we generate forecasts using a generalized logistic growth model, the Richards growth model, and a sub-epidemic wave model, which have each been previously used to forecast outbreaks due to different infectious diseases. Forecasts from each of the models suggest the outbreaks may be nearing extinction in both Guangdong and Zhejiang; however, the sub-epidemic model predictions also include the potential for further sustained transmission, particularly in Zhejiang. Our 10-day forecasts across the three models predict an additional 65-81 cases (upper bounds: 169-507) in Guangdong and an additional 44-354 (upper bounds: 141-875) cases in Zhejiang by February 23, 2020. In the best-case scenario, current data suggest that transmission in both provinces is slowing down."}, {"pmid": 32303016, "title": "The scientific rationale for the use of simple masks or improvised facial coverings to trap exhaled aerosols and possibly reduce the breathborne spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Breath Res", "authors": ["Pleil, Joachim D", "Beauchamp, Jonathan D", "Risby, Terence H", "Dweik, Raed A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278298, "pmcid": "PMC7129277", "title": "COVID-19 and telemedicine: Immediate action required for maintaining healthcare providers well-being.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Moazzami, Bobak", "Razavi-Khorasani, Niloofar", "Dooghaie Moghadam, Arash", "Farokhi, Ermia", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The well-being of the health care workforce is the cornerstone of every well-functioning health system. As a result of the pandemic, medical healthcare providers are under an enormous amount of workload pressure along with increased total health expenditures. The overwhelming burden of COVID-19 illness could lead to caregiver burnout. Direct-to-consumer telemedicine can enable patients to connect with their healthcare provider at a distance. This virtual platform could be used by smartphones or webcam-enabled computers and allows physicians to effectively screen patients with early signs of COVID-19 before they reach to hospital."}, {"pmid": 32531329, "title": "COVID reverse transcriptase PCR in private laboratories: from theory to reality.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Autissier, M", "Guiraud, G", "Levy, Y"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531329", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390786, "pmcid": "PMC7205920", "title": "A multi-region discrete time mathematical modeling of the dynamics of Covid-19 virus propagation using optimal control.", "journal": "J Appl Math Comput", "authors": ["Khajji, Bouchaib", "Kada, Driss", "Balatif, Omar", "Rachik, Mostafa"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390786", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We study in this work a discrete mathematical model that describes the dynamics of transmission of the Corona virus between humans on the one hand and animals on the other hand in a region or in different regions. Also, we propose an optimal strategy to implement the optimal campaigns through the use of awareness campaigns in region j that aims at protecting individuals from being infected by the virus, security campaigns and health measures to prevent the movement of individuals from one region to another, encouraging the individuals to join quarantine centers and the disposal of infected animals. The aim is to maximize the number of individuals subjected to quarantine and trying to reduce the number of the infected individuals and the infected animals. Pontryagin's maximum principle in discrete time is used to characterize the optimal controls and the optimality system is solved by an iterative method. The numerical simulation is carried out using Matlab. The Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio was calculated to investigate the cost-effectiveness of all possible combinations of the four control measures. Using cost-effectiveness analysis, we show that control of protecting susceptible individuals, preventing their contact with the infected individuals and encouraging the exposed individuals to join quarantine centers provides the most cost-effective strategy to control the disease."}, {"pmid": 32400924, "pmcid": "PMC7235469", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid global response for children with cancer from SIOP, COG, SIOP-E, SIOP-PODC, IPSO, PROS, CCI, and St Jude Global.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Sullivan, Michael", "Bouffet, Eric", "Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos", "Luna-Fineman, Sandra", "Khan, Muhammad Saghir", "Kearns, Pam", "Hawkins, Douglas S", "Challinor, Julia", "Morrissey, Lisa", "Fuchs, Jorg", "Marcus, Karen", "Balduzzi, Adriana", "Basset-Salom, Luisa", "Caniza, Miguela", "Baker, Justin N", "Kebudi, Rejin", "Hessissen, Laila", "Sullivan, Richard", "Pritchard-Jones, Kathy"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400924", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most serious global challenges to delivering affordable and equitable treatment to children with cancer we have witnessed in the last few decades. This Special Report aims to summarize general principles for continuing multidisciplinary care during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. With contributions from the leadership of the International Society for Pediatric Oncology (SIOP), Children's Oncology Group (COG), St Jude Global program, and Childhood Cancer International, we have sought to provide a framework for healthcare teams caring for children with cancer during the pandemic. We anticipate the burden will fall particularly heavily on children, their families, and cancer services in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we have brought together the relevant clinical leads from SIOP Europe, COG, and SIOP-PODC (Pediatric Oncology in Developing Countries) to focus on the six most curable cancers that are part of the WHO Global Initiative in Childhood Cancer. We provide some practical advice for adapting diagnostic and treatment protocols for children with cancer during the pandemic, the measures taken to contain it (e.g., extreme social distancing), and how to prepare for the anticipated recovery period."}, {"pmid": 32339019, "title": "Computed tomography manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Br J Hosp Med (Lond)", "authors": ["An, Peng", "Liu, Bo"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339019", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31986259, "pmcid": "PMC7134625", "title": "Emerging understandings of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-01-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31986259", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409486, "pmcid": "PMC7221472", "title": "Clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with covid-19 pneumonia who require oxygen: observational comparative study using routine care data.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahevas, Matthieu", "Tran, Viet-Thi", "Roumier, Mathilde", "Chabrol, Amelie", "Paule, Romain", "Guillaud, Constance", "Fois, Elena", "Lepeule, Raphael", "Szwebel, Tali-Anne", "Lescure, Francois-Xavier", "Schlemmer, Frederic", "Matignon, Marie", "Khellaf, Mehdi", "Crickx, Etienne", "Terrier, Benjamin", "Morbieu, Caroline", "Legendre, Paul", "Dang, Julien", "Schoindre, Yoland", "Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel", "Michel, Marc", "Perrodeau, Elodie", "Carlier, Nicolas", "Roche, Nicolas", "de Lastours, Victoire", "Ourghanlian, Clement", "Kerneis, Solen", "Menager, Philippe", "Mouthon, Luc", "Audureau, Etienne", "Ravaud, Philippe", "Godeau, Bertrand", "Gallien, Sebastien", "Costedoat-Chalumeau, Nathalie"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409486", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine in patients admitted to hospital with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pneumonia who require oxygen. Comparative observational study using data collected from routine care. Four French tertiary care centres providing care to patients with covid-19 pneumonia between 12 March and 31 March 2020. 181 patients aged 18-80 years with documented severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia who required oxygen but not intensive care. Hydroxychloroquine at a dose of 600 mg/day within 48 hours of admission to hospital (treatment group) versus standard care without hydroxychloroquine (control group). The primary outcome was survival without transfer to the intensive care unit at day 21. Secondary outcomes were overall survival, survival without acute respiratory distress syndrome, weaning from oxygen, and discharge from hospital to home or rehabilitation (all at day 21). Analyses were adjusted for confounding factors by inverse probability of treatment weighting. In the main analysis, 84 patients who received hydroxychloroquine within 48 hours of admission to hospital (treatment group) were compared with 89 patients who did not receive hydroxychloroquine (control group). Eight additional patients received hydroxychloroquine more than 48 hours after admission. In the weighted analyses, the survival rate without transfer to the intensive care unit at day 21 was 76% in the treatment group and 75% in the control group (weighted hazard ratio 0.9, 95% confidence interval 0.4 to 2.1). Overall survival at day 21 was 89% in the treatment group and 91% in the control group (1.2, 0.4 to 3.3). Survival without acute respiratory distress syndrome at day 21 was 69% in the treatment group compared with 74% in the control group (1.3, 0.7 to 2.6). At day 21, 82% of patients in the treatment group had been weaned from oxygen compared with 76% in the control group (weighted risk ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval 0.9 to 1.3). Eight patients in the treatment group (10%) experienced electrocardiographic modifications that required discontinuation of treatment. Hydroxychloroquine has received worldwide attention as a potential treatment for covid-19 because of positive results from small studies. However, the results of this study do not support its use in patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 who require oxygen."}, {"pmid": 32232552, "pmcid": "PMC7103900", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and anti-rheumatic drugs.", "journal": "Rheumatol Int", "authors": ["Georgiev, Tsvetoslav"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232552", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500431, "pmcid": "PMC7271142", "title": "Continuing our work: transplant surgery and surgical oncology in a tertiary referral COVID-19 center.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Berardi, Giammauro", "Colasanti, Marco", "Levi Sandri, Giovanni Battista", "Del Basso, Celeste", "Ferretti, Stefano", "Laurenzi, Andrea", "Guglielmo, Nicola", "Meniconi, Roberto Luca", "Antonini, Mario", "D'Offizi, Gianpiero", "Ettorre, Giuseppe Maria"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500431", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is rapidly spreading worldwide. Healthcare systems are struggling to properly allocate resources while ensuring cure for diseases outside of the infection. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how surgical activity was affected by the virus outbreak and show the changes in practice in a tertiary referral COVID-19 center. The official bulletins of the Italian National Institute for the Infectious Diseases \"L. Spallanzani\" were reviewed to retrieve the number of daily COVID-19 patients. Records of consecutive oncological and transplant procedures performed during the outbreak were reviewed. Patients with a high probability of postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission were considered as high risk and defined by an ASA score\u2009\u2265\u2009III and/or a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)\u2009\u2265\u20096 and/or a Revised Cardiac Risk Index for Preoperative Risk (RCRI)\u2009\u2265\u20093. 72 patients were operated, including 12 (16.6%) liver and kidney transplantations. Patients had few comorbidities (26.3%), low ASA score (1.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5), CCI (3.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3), and RCRI (1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6) and had overall a low risk of postoperative ICU admission. Few patients had liver cirrhosis (12.5%) or received preoperative systemic therapy (16.6%). 36 (50%) high-risk surgical procedures were performed, including major hepatectomies, pancreaticoduodenectomies, total gastrectomies, multivisceral resections, and transplantations. Despite this, only 15 patients (20.8%) were admitted to the ICU. Only oncologic cases and transplantations were performed during the COVID-19 outbreak. Careful selection of patients allowed to perform major cancer surgeries and transplantations without further stressing hospital resources, meanwhile minimizing collateral damage to patients."}, {"pmid": 32348046, "title": "[Rheumatology and COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Dumusc, Alexandre", "Dan, Diana"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348046", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current pandemic implies changes in patient care in rheumatology to reduce the risk of coronavirus transmission to patients visiting health-care facilities, by organizing less frequent blood tests, using teleconsultations, and switching from intravenous to subcutaneous drug administration. Patients under immunosuppressive treatment are considered at high risk of severe outcome and are protected accordingly by the Swiss authorities. However, current, scarce scientific evidence suggests that patients under immunosuppressive therapy do not necessarily develop severe COVID-19 presentations. Therefore, the current guidelines recommend pursuing the treatment throughout the pandemic. In case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, immunosuppressive drugs should be temporarily stopped, except for glucocorticoids, hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine."}, {"pmid": 32389352, "pmcid": "PMC7190490", "title": "[Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on requests for initial care for breast cancer].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Hequet, Delphine", "Rodrigues, Manuel", "Tardivon, Anne", "Langer, Adriana", "Dahan, Meryl", "Rouzier, Roman", "Takanen, Silvia", "Kirova, Yulia", "Bidard, Francois-Clement", "Cottu, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389352", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448633, "pmcid": "PMC7211659", "title": "[COVID-19 and cardiovascular and kidney disease: Where are we? Where are we going?]", "journal": "Semergen", "authors": ["Pallares Carratala, V", "Gorriz-Zambrano, C", "Morillas Arino, C", "Llisterri Caro, J L", "Gorriz, J L"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448633", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a global health emergency and we need to know more about it. Patients with cardiovascular risk and previous kidney risk have been identified as especially vulnerable for greater morbidity and mortality when they suffer from COVID-19. A considerable proportion of patients can develop a vascular lesion in the context of the disease that entails a greater lethality. Cardiovascular and renal complications represent a problem and, probably in the near future, may pose a threat to patients who have survived COVID-19. As physicians, we cannot forget that during an epidemic like this, other chronic diseases are present, and patients continue to require care. We are obliged to monitor even more intensely their treatments and control degree. Furthermore, we must not forget that urgent situations continue to arise in this pandemic situation and require prompt attention. In this current situation, it is very likely that many patients, out of fear, have not sought medical attention. The situation during the epidemic and the uncertainty of the post-COVID-19 period, requires intensification in the control and monitoring of cardiovascular and kidney disease in our patients. Primary care constitutes a key level of care for the care of the population with cardiovascular disease. Likewise, and in the face of this new health scenario, we need to promote the prevention and control measures that emanate from the studies currently underway. Now, more than ever, we need research, crucial to improve the cardiovascular and renal prognosis of our patients."}, {"pmid": 32374457, "pmcid": "PMC7267418", "title": "The anti-HIV drug nelfinavir mesylate (Viracept) is a potent inhibitor of cell fusion caused by the SARSCoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein warranting further evaluation as an antiviral against COVID-19 infections.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Musarrat, Farhana", "Chouljenko, Vladimir", "Dahal, Achyut", "Nabi, Rafiq", "Chouljenko, Tamara", "Jois, Seetharama D", "Kousoulas, Konstantin G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374457", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Coronaviruses enter cells via fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane and/or via fusion of the viral envelope with endosomal membranes after virion endocytosis. The spike (S) glycoprotein is a major determinant of virus infectivity. Herein, we show that the transient expression of the SARS CoV-2 S glycoprotein in Vero cells caused extensive cell fusion (formation of syncytia) in comparison to limited cell fusion caused by the SARS S glycoprotein. Both S glycoproteins were detected intracellularly and on transfected Vero cell surfaces. These results are in agreement with published pathology observations of extensive syncytia formation in lung tissues of patients with COVID-19. These results suggest that SARS CoV-2 is able to spread from cell-to-cell much more efficiently than SARS effectively avoiding extracellular neutralizing antibodies. A systematic screening of several drugs including cardiac glycosides and kinase inhibitors and inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry revealed that only the FDA-approved HIV protease inhibitor, nelfinavir mesylate (Viracept) drastically inhibited S-n- and S-o-mediated cell fusion with complete inhibition at a 10-\u03bcM concentration. In-silico docking experiments suggested the possibility that nelfinavir may bind inside the S trimer structure, proximal to the S2 amino terminus directly inhibiting S-n- and S-o-mediated membrane fusion. Also, it is possible that nelfinavir may act to inhibit S proteolytic processing within cells. These results warrant further investigations of the potential of nelfinavir mesylate to inhibit virus spread at early times after SARS CoV-2 symptoms appear."}, {"pmid": 32517294, "title": "Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Stanton, Robert", "To, Quyen G", "Khalesi, Saman", "Williams, Susan L", "Alley, Stephanie J", "Thwaite, Tanya L", "Fenning, Andrew S", "Vandelanotte, Corneel"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517294", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has enforced dramatic changes to daily living including economic and health impacts. Evidence for the impact of these changes on our physical and mental health and health behaviors is limited. We examined the associations between psychological distress and changes in selected health behaviors since the onset of COVID-19 in Australia. An online survey was distributed in April 2020 and included measures of depression, anxiety, stress, physical activity, sleep, alcohol intake and cigarette smoking. The survey was completed by 1491 adults (mean age 50.5 \u00b1 14.9 years, 67% female). Negative change was reported for physical activity (48.9%), sleep (40.7%), alcohol (26.6%) and smoking (6.9%) since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Significantly higher scores in one or more psychological distress states were found for females, and those not in a relationship, in the lowest income category, aged 18-45 years, or with a chronic illness. Negative changes in physical activity, sleep, smoking and alcohol intake were associated with higher depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Health-promotion strategies directed at adopting or maintaining positive health-related behaviors should be utilized to address increases in psychological distress during the pandemic. Ongoing evaluation of the impact of lifestyle changes associated with the pandemic is needed."}, {"pmid": 32394275, "pmcid": "PMC7214096", "title": "Rising evidence for neurological involvement in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Calcagno, Narghes", "Colombo, Eleonora", "Maranzano, Alessio", "Pasquini, Jacopo", "Keller Sarmiento, Ignacio Juan", "Trogu, Francesca", "Silani, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394275", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461911, "pmcid": "PMC7242198", "title": "Progression of CXR features on a COVID-19 survivor.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Abdelnour, Loay H", "Abdalla, Mohammed E"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461911", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 causes consolidations or ground glass opacities that are predominantly peripheral, basal, and bilateral on chest x-ray (CXR). There are no published case reports that present over ten serial CXRs on the same patient. We present a case report of a 68-year-old patient with confirmed COVID-19 and a prolonged course of admission, receiving nasal and humidified oxygen, non-invasive and then mechanical ventilation. She self-extubated, but remained stable on nasal oxygen only and was transferred for rehabilitation. We present 12 of her serial CXRs over six weeks, showing progression from subtle changes to overt widespread pneumonitis to slow resolution. She is also an example of a rare case of COVID-19 pneumonitis causing persistent hypoxia for over six weeks."}, {"pmid": 32312021, "title": "[Thoughts of the COVID-19 outbreak phases changed from emergency response to combination of emergency response and regular prevention and control].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, W Z"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312021", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the scope and speed of virus spread, the COVID-19 pandemic is complex and dangerous. Complicated objective factors such as the long-term existence of source of infection, difficulty in completely blocking the transmission route and a large susceptible population determined that the COVID-19 pandemic might stay with us for long term. Therefore, we should be ready for a tough and long battle against the COVID-19 epidemic. The strategy should adhere to the principle of combining emergency response with regular prevention and control measures, and all efforts should be well harnessed in a coordinated way to keep the epidemic under control while securing the economic and social development."}, {"pmid": 32341616, "pmcid": "PMC7182752", "title": "Exploration of alternative supply chains and distributed manufacturing in response to COVID-19; a case study of medical face shields.", "journal": "Mater Des", "authors": ["Shokrani, Alborz", "Loukaides, Evripides G", "Elias, Edward", "Lunt, Alexander J G"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341616", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Quarantine conditions arising as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) have had a significant impact on global production-rates and supply chains. This has coincided with increased demands for medical and personal protective equipment such as face shields. Shortages have been particularly prevalent in western countries which typically rely upon global supply chains to obtain these types of device from low-cost economies. National calls for the repurposing of domestic mass-production facilities have the potential to meet medical requirements in coming weeks, however the immediate demand associated with the virus has led to the mobilisation of a diverse distributed workforce. Selection of appropriate manufacturing processes and underused supply chains is paramount to the success of these operations. A simplified medical face shield design is presented which repurposes an assortment of existing alternative supply chains. The device is easy to produce with minimal equipment and training. It is hoped that the methodology and approach presented is of use to the wider community at this critical time."}, {"pmid": 32242095, "pmcid": "PMC7117554", "title": "Cancer, COVID-19 and the precautionary principle: prioritizing treatment during a global pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Rev Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Hanna, Timothy P", "Evans, Gerald A", "Booth, Christopher M"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242095", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32210421, "title": "COVID-19 in intensive care. Some necessary steps for health care workers.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Malhotra, Nipun", "Gupta, Nitesh", "Ish, Somya", "Ish, Pranav"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210421", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the nature of their profession, health care personnel (HCP) have always been easy targets for transmission of communicable diseases like COVID-19. Shielding HCPs is of consequential significance in ensuring continued health care for the whole population in addition to reducing further spread. Close contact, repeated contact and prolonged contact are unavoidable in the intensive care (IC) environment. It is not uncommon for IC-HCPs to get carried away during an emergent situation, such as that posed by a suddenly deteriorating patient, and forgo the protective barriers that protect them from contracting a communicable infection. Some notable precautionary measures are mentioned below. This is by no means an exhaustive list."}, {"pmid": 32358303, "title": "\"Daily Work in the Fever Clinics of Wuhan Union Hospital During the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic: A Special Spring Festival in Wuhan, China\".", "journal": "Spine (Phila Pa 1976)", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358303", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463127, "title": "The effect of lockdown following COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol use and help seeking behaviour: Observations and insights from a sample of alcohol use disorder patients under treatment from a tertiary care centre.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Balhara, Yatan Pal Singh", "Singh, Swarndeep", "Narang, Parul"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463127", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416989, "pmcid": "PMC7184001", "title": "Failure modes and effect analysis to develop transfer protocols in the management of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Sevastru, Stefan", "Curtis, Sam", "Emanuel Kole, Lola", "Nadarajah, Premala"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416989", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346145, "title": "Let Africa into the market for COVID-19 diagnostics.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Nkengasong, John"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346145", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449770, "title": "The impact of having inadequate safety equipment on mental health.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Simms, A", "Fear, N T", "Greenberg, N"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449770", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Concerns are being raised about the impact of inadequate safety equipment on the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 medical response. To assess the impact of inadequate safety equipment on the mental health of service personnel deployed on operations in order to better understand the impact on those working under the similarly demanding conditions of the COVID-19 medical response. Self-report surveys were conducted in four operational environments with 3435 personnel providing data. Surveys recorded data on socio-demographic, military and operational characteristics, mental health measures and specific occupational stressors. Analysis through logistic regression explored the association between inadequate equipment and all other factors. A total of 3401 personnel provided data on their perceptions of the adequacy of their equipment, of which 532 (15%) stated that they had a lot of concerns that they did not have the right equipment in working order. Analysis found significantly greater odds of reporting symptoms of common mental health disorders (CMD), 2.49 (2.03-3.06), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 2.99 (2.11-4.24), poorer global health 2.09 (1.62-2.70) and emotional problems 1.69 (1.38-2.06) when individuals reported working with inadequate equipment. Analyses remained significant when adjusted for confounding factors such as rank, sex and operational environment. An individual's perception of having inadequate equipment is significantly associated with symptoms of CMD, probable PTSD, poorer global health and increased reporting of emotional problems. This in turn may impact on their ability to safely carry out their duties and may have longer-term mental health consequences."}, {"pmid": 32302707, "pmcid": "PMC7194796", "title": "Could IL-17 represent a new therapeutic target for the treatment and/or management of COVID-19-related respiratory syndrome?", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Casillo, Gian Marco", "Mansour, Adel Abo", "Raucci, Federica", "Saviano, Anella", "Mascolo, Nicola", "Iqbal, Asif Jilani", "Maione, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302707", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32054045, "pmcid": "PMC7073724", "title": "Initial Cluster of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections in Wuhan, China Is Consistent with Substantial Human-to-Human Transmission.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Nishiura, Hiroshi", "Linton, Natalie M", "Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32054045", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reanalysis of the epidemic curve from the initial cluster of cases with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in December 2019 indicates substantial human-to-human transmission. It is possible that the common exposure history at a seafood market in Wuhan originated from the human-to-human transmission events within the market, and the early, strong emphasis that market exposure indicated animal-to-human transmission was potentially the result of observer bias. To support the hypothesis of zoonotic origin of 2019-nCoV stemming from the Huanan seafood market, the index case should have had exposure history related to the market and the virus should have been identified from animals sold at the market. As these requirements remain unmet, zoonotic spillover at the market must not be overemphasized."}, {"pmid": 32466757, "pmcid": "PMC7255908", "title": "Ethnic and socioeconomic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection: prospective cohort study using UK Biobank.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Niedzwiedz, Claire L", "O'Donnell, Catherine A", "Jani, Bhautesh Dinesh", "Demou, Evangelia", "Ho, Frederick K", "Celis-Morales, Carlos", "Nicholl, Barbara I", "Mair, Frances S", "Welsh, Paul", "Sattar, Naveed", "Pell, Jill P", "Katikireddi, S Vittal"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466757", "countries": ["United Kingdom", "Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Understanding of the role of ethnicity and socioeconomic position in the risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 infection is limited. We investigated this in the UK Biobank study. The UK Biobank study recruited 40-70-year-olds in 2006-2010 from the general population, collecting information about self-defined ethnicity and socioeconomic variables (including area-level socioeconomic deprivation and educational attainment). SARS-CoV-2 test results from Public Health England were linked to baseline UK Biobank data. Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to assess risk ratios (RRs) between the exposures and dichotomous variables for being tested, having a positive test and testing positive in hospital. We also investigated whether ethnicity and socioeconomic position were associated with having a positive test amongst those tested. We adjusted for covariates including age, sex, social variables (including healthcare work and household size), behavioural risk factors and baseline health. Amongst 392,116 participants in England, 2658 had been tested for SARS-CoV-2 and 948 tested positive (726 in hospital) between 16 March and 3 May 2020. Black and south Asian groups were more likely to test positive (RR 3.35 (95% CI 2.48-4.53) and RR 2.42 (95% CI 1.75-3.36) respectively), with Pakistani ethnicity at highest risk within the south Asian group (RR 3.24 (95% CI 1.73-6.07)). These ethnic groups were more likely to be hospital cases compared to the white British. Adjustment for baseline health and behavioural risk factors led to little change, with only modest attenuation when accounting for socioeconomic variables. Socioeconomic deprivation and having no qualifications were consistently associated with a higher risk of confirmed infection (RR 2.19 for most deprived quartile vs least (95% CI 1.80-2.66) and RR 2.00 for no qualifications vs degree (95% CI 1.66-2.42)). Some minority ethnic groups have a higher risk of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK Biobank study, which was not accounted for by differences in socioeconomic conditions, baseline self-reported health or behavioural risk factors. An urgent response to addressing these elevated risks is required."}, {"pmid": 32283269, "pmcid": "PMC7146674", "title": "Rural Healthcare Center Preparation and Readiness Response to Threat of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Brown, Jennifer", "Guru, Swadha", "Williams, Karen", "Florentino, Reyna", "Miner, Jean", "Cagir, Burt"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283269", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32098616, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 4 (Reporting week ending 19:00 AEDT 22 February 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32098616", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is the fourth epidemiological report for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reported in Australia as at 19:00 Australian Eastern Daylight Time [AEDT] 22 February 2020. It includes data on COVID-19 cases diagnosed in Australia, the international situation and a review of current evidence."}, {"pmid": 32480211, "pmcid": "PMC7253998", "title": "The importance of COVID-19 screening and testing in the obstetric patient population.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Hoyler, Marguerite M", "Abramovitz, Sharon", "Aaronson, Jaime", "White, Robert S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480211", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283162, "pmcid": "PMC7195072", "title": "Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Yuwei", "Du, Xuebei", "Chen, Jing", "Jin, Yalei", "Peng, Li", "Wang, Harry H X", "Luo, Mingqi", "Chen, Ling", "Zhao, Yan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283162", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several studies have described the clinical characteristics of patients with novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infected pneumonia (COVID-19), indicating severe patients tended to have higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Whether baseline NLR could be an independent predictor of in-hospital death in Chinese COVID-19 patients remains to be investigated. A cohort of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 1 to February 29 was retrospectively analyzed. The baseline data of laboratory examinations, including NLR, were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were developed to assess the independent relationship between the baseline NLR and in-hospital all-cause death. A sensitivity analysis was performed by converting NLR from a continuous variable to a categorical variable according to tertile. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted as well. 245 COVID-19 patients were included in the final analyses, and the in-hospital mortality was 13.47%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that there was 8% higher risk of in-hospital mortality for each unit increase in NLR (Odds ratio [OR]\u202f=\u202f1.08; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.01 to 1.14; P\u202f=\u202f0.0147). Compared with patients in the lowest tertile, the NLR of patients in the highest tertile had a 15.04-fold higher risk of death (OR\u202f=\u202f16.04; 95% CI, 1.14 to 224.95; P\u202f=\u202f0.0395) after adjustment for potential confounders. Notably, the fully adjusted OR for mortality was 1.10 in males for each unit increase of NLR (OR\u202f=\u202f1.10; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.19; P\u202f=\u202f0.016). NLR is an independent risk factor of the in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 patients especially for male. Assessment of NLR may help identify high risk individuals with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32209381, "pmcid": "PMC7118636", "title": "Comparisons of viral shedding time of SARS-CoV-2 of different samples in ICU and non-ICU patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Fang, Zhixiong", "Zhang, Yi", "Hang, Changfa", "Ai, Jingwen", "Li, Shaojie", "Zhang, Wenhong"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209381", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447019, "pmcid": "PMC7242181", "title": "Plans to Reactivate Gastroenterology Practices Following the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of North American Centers.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Kushnir, Vladimir M", "Berzin, Tyler M", "Elmunzer, B Joseph", "Mendelsohn, Robin B", "Patel, Vaishali", "Pawa, Swati", "Smith, Zachary L", "Keswani, Rajesh N"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447019", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Practices dramatically reduced endoscopy services due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As practices are now considering reintroduction of elective endoscopy, we conducted a survey of North American practices to identify reactivation barriers and strategies. We designed and electronically distributed a web-based survey to North American gastroenterologists consisting of seven domains: institutional demographics, impact of COVID-19 on endoscopy practice, elective endoscopy resumption plans, anesthesia modifications, personal protective equipment (PPE) policies, fellowship training and telemedicine use. Responses were stratified by practice type: ambulatory surgery center (ASC) or hospital-based. In total, 123 practices (55% ASC-based and 45% hospital-based) responded. At the pandemic's peak (as reported by the respondent), practices saw a 90% drop in endoscopy volume with most centers planning to resume elective endoscopy a median of 55 days after initial restrictions. Declining community prevalence of COVID-19, PPE availability, and pre-procedure SARS-CoV-2 testing availability were ranked as the three primary factors influencing reactivation timing. ASC-based practices were more likely to identify pre-procedure testing availability as a major factor limiting elective endoscopy resumption (p=0.001). Pre-procedure SARS-CoV-2 testing was planned by only 49.2% of practices overall; when testing is performed and negative, 52.9% of practices will continue to utilize N95 masks. This survey highlights barriers and variable strategies for reactivation of elective endoscopy services following the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results suggest that more widespread access to pre-procedure SARS-CoV-2 tests with superior performance characteristics is needed to increase provider and patient comfort in proceeding with elective endoscopy."}, {"pmid": 32343996, "pmcid": "PMC7194680", "title": "Rising Concern on Damaged Testis of COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Chen, Fangping", "Lou, Didong"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343996", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32031481, "pmcid": "PMC7233358", "title": "CT Manifestations of Two Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Fang, Yicheng", "Zhang, Huangqi", "Xu, Yunyu", "Xie, Jicheng", "Pang, Peipei", "Ji, Wenbin"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32031481", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315724, "pmcid": "PMC7166038", "title": "Viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 across a spectrum of disease severity in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Lui, Grace", "Ling, Lowell", "Lai, Christopher Kc", "Tso, Eugene Yk", "Fung, Kitty Sc", "Chan, Veronica", "Ho, Tracy Hy", "Luk, Fion", "Chen, Zigui", "Ng, Joyce Kc", "Chow, Kai-Ming", "Cheng, Peter Kc", "Chan, Rickjason Cw", "Tsang, Dominic Nc", "Gomersall, Charles D", "Hui, David Sc", "Chan, Paul Ks"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315724", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474553, "title": "Analysis of RNA sequences of 3636 SARS-CoV-2 collected from 55 countries reveals selective sweep of one virus type.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Biswas, Nidhan K", "Majumder, Partha P"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474553", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) is evolving with the progression of the pandemic. This study was aimed to investigate the diversity and evolution of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 with progression of the pandemic over time and to identify similarities and differences of viral diversity and evolution across geographical regions (countries). Publicly available data on type definitions based on whole-genome sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 sampled during December and March 2020 from 3636 infected patients spread over 55 countries were collected. Phylodynamic analyses were performed and the temporal and spatial evolution of the virus was examined. It was found that (i) temporal variation in frequencies of types of the coronavirus was significant; ancestral viruses of type O were replaced by evolved viruses belonging to type A2a; (ii) spatial variation was not significant; with the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the dominant virus was the A2a type virus in every geographical region; (iii) within a geographical region, there was significant micro-level variation in the frequencies of the different viral types, and (iv) the evolved coronavirus of type A2a swept rapidly across all continents. SARS-CoV-2 belonging to the A2a type possesses a non-synomymous variant (D614G) that possibly eases the entry of the virus into the lung cells of the host. This may be the reason why the A2a type has an advantage to infect and survive and as a result has rapidly swept all geographical regions. Therefore, large-scale sequencing of coronavirus genomes and, as required, of host genomes should be undertaken in India to identify regional and ethnic variation in viral composition and its interaction with host genomes. Further, careful collection of clinical and immunological data of the host can provide deep learning in relation to infection and transmission of the types of coronavirus genomes."}, {"pmid": 32243567, "title": "Coronavirus Disease19 in Geriatrics and Long-Term Care: An Update.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Ouslander, Joseph G"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243567", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336661, "pmcid": "PMC7166035", "title": "Is there evidence of intra-uterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in samples tested by quantitative RT-PCR?", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Cheruiyot, Isaac", "Henry, Brandon Michael", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336661", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402088, "pmcid": "PMC7239229", "title": "Commentary: COVID in Care Homes-Challenges and Dilemmas in Healthcare Delivery.", "journal": "Age Ageing", "authors": ["Gordon, Adam L", "Goodman, Claire", "Achterberg, Wilco", "Barker, Robert O", "Burns, Eileen", "Hanratty, Barbara", "Martin, Finbarr C", "Meyer, Julienne", "O'Neill, Desmond", "Schols, Jos", "Spilsbury, Karen"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402088", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected care home residents internationally, with 19-72% of COVID-19 deaths occurring in care homes. COVID-19 presents atypically in care home residents and up to 56% of residents may test positive whilst pre-symptomatic. In this article, we provide a commentary on challenges and dilemmas identified in the response to COVID-19 for care homes and their residents. We highlight the low sensitivity of PCR testing and the difficulties this poses for blanket screening and isolation of residents. We discuss quarantine of residents and the potential harms associated with this. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) supply for care homes during the pandemic has been suboptimal and we suggest that better integration of procurement and supply is required. Advance care planning has been challenged by the pandemic and there is a need to for healthcare staff to provide support to care homes with this. Finally, we discuss measures to implement augmented care in care homes, including treatment with oxygen and subcutaneous fluids, and the frameworks which will be required if these are to be sustainable. All of these challenges must be met by healthcare, social care and government agencies if care home residents and staff are to be physically and psychologically supported during this time of crisis for care homes."}, {"pmid": 32127711, "title": "Open peer-review platform for COVID-19 preprints.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Johansson, Michael A", "Saderi, Daniela"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127711", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509256, "pmcid": "PMC7265506", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): What we need to know.", "journal": "Caspian J Intern Med", "authors": ["Javanian, Mostafa", "Masrour-Roudsari, Jila", "Bayani, Masomeh", "Ebrahimpour, Soheil"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509256", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296069, "title": "Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Tan, Li", "Wang, Qi", "Zhang, Duanyang", "Ding, Jinya", "Huang, Qianchuan", "Tang, Yi-Quan", "Wang, Qiongshu", "Miao, Hongming"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296069", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347974, "pmcid": "PMC7267392", "title": "Metformin and COVID-19: A novel deal of an old drug.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["El-Arabey, Amr Ahmed", "Abdalla, Mohnad"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347974", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493331, "pmcid": "PMC7268588", "title": "An evidence mapping and analysis of registered COVID-19 clinical trials in China.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Lu, Liming", "Li, Fan", "Wen, Hao", "Ge, Shuqi", "Zeng, Jingchun", "Luo, Wen", "Wang, Lai", "Tang, Chunzhi", "Xu, Nenggui"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493331", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article aims to summarize the key characteristics of registered trials of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), in terms of their spatial and temporal distributions, types of design and interventions, and patient characteristics among others. A comprehensive search of the registered COVID-19 trials has been performed on platforms including ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP), Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (CHiCTR), Australian Clinical Trials Registry, Britain's National Research Register (BNRR), Current Control Trials (CCT), and Glaxo Smith Kline Register. Trials registered at the first 8\u00a0weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak are included, without language restrictions. For each study, the registration information, study design, and administrator information are collected and summarized. A total of 220 registered trials were evaluated as of February 27, 2020. Hospital-initiated trials were the majority and account for 80% of the sample. Among the trials, pilot studies and phase 4 trials are more common and represent 35% and 19.1% of the sample, respectively. The median sample size of the registered trials is 100, with interquartile range 60-240. Further, 45.9% of the trials mentioned information on a data monitoring committee. 54.5% of the trials did not specify the disease severity among patients they intend to recruit. Four types of interventions are most common in the experimental groups across the registered studies: antiviral drugs, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), biological agents, and hormone drugs. Among them, the TCM and biological agents are frequently used in pilot study and correspond to a variety of primary endpoints. In contrast, trials with antiviral drugs have more targeted primary outcomes such as \"COVID-19 nucleic acid test\" and \"28-day mortality.\" We provide an evidence mapping and analysis of registered COVID-19 clinical trials in China. In particular, it is critical for ongoing and future studies to refine their research hypothesis and better identify their intervention therapies and the corresponding primary outcomes. It is also imperative for multiple public health divisions and research institutions to work together for integrative clinical data capture and sharing, with a common objective of improving future studies that evaluate COVID-19 interventions."}, {"pmid": 32307955, "title": "[COVID-19, THE KIDNEY AND HYPERTENSION].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Angel-Korman, Avital", "Brosh, Tal", "Glick, Karina", "Leiba, Adi"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307955", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, is a new corona virus of the Beta Coronavirus genus which originated in bats. The virus first emerged in China in December 2019 and has rapidly spread since to other areas worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has therefore recently declared it as the source of a pandemic. The disease caused by the virus manifests in most cases as a lower respiratory tract infection leading to fever, cough and dyspnea, while more severe cases can led to respiratory failure and/or multi organ failure. COVID-19 enters the human cell using the ACE2, an enzyme abundant in renal tubular epithelial cells. Theoretically, this may be significant in several ways: acute kidney injury (AKI) as well as proteinuria and/or microhematuria could be associated with the penetration of COVID-19 into the cells. Moreover, medications based on RAAS inhibition, such and ACE inhibitors and ARBs, upregulate the enzyme ACE2 and could therefore hypothetically explain the high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes reported as previous diagnoses in severe cases. In the setting of chronic kidney disease, the risk of infection with COVID-19 is not clear at this time. However, hemodialysis patients represent a unique group of patients, mostly elderly and immunocompromised, for whom dialysis is a life-saving treatment which cannot be stopped. Hence, the COVID-19 pandemic has presented a complex medical and logistic challenge for the medical staff in hospital and community based dialysis units."}, {"pmid": 32524786, "title": "CT Quantitative Analysis and Its Relationship with Clinical Features for Assessing the Severity of Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Sun, Dong", "Li, Xiang", "Guo, Dajing", "Wu, Lan", "Chen, Ting", "Fang, Zheng", "Chen, Linli", "Zeng, Wenbing", "Yang, Ran"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524786", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the value of initial CT quantitative analysis of ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, and total lesion volume and its relationship with clinical features for assessing the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 84 patients with COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed from January 23, 2020 to February 19, 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: severe group (n = 23) and non-severe group (n = 61). Clinical symptoms, laboratory data, and CT findings on admission were analyzed. CT quantitative parameters, including GGO, consolidation, total lesion score, percentage GGO, and percentage consolidation (both relative to total lesion volume) were calculated. Relationships between the CT findings and laboratory data were estimated. Finally, a discrimination model was established to assess the severity of COVID-19. Patients in the severe group had higher baseline neutrophil percentage, increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and procalcitonin levels, and lower baseline lymphocyte count and lymphocyte percentage (p < 0.001). The severe group also had higher GGO score (p < 0.001), consolidation score (p < 0.001), total lesion score (p < 0.001), and percentage consolidation (p = 0.002), but had a lower percentage GGO (p = 0.008). These CT quantitative parameters were significantly correlated with laboratory inflammatory marker levels, including neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, hs-CRP level, and procalcitonin level (p < 0.05). The total lesion score demonstrated the best performance when the data cut-off was 8.2%. Furthermore, the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 93.8% (confidence interval [CI]: 86.8-100%), 91.3% (CI: 69.6-100%), and 91.8% (CI: 23.0-98.4%), respectively. CT quantitative parameters showed strong correlations with laboratory inflammatory markers, suggesting that CT quantitative analysis might be an effective and important method for assessing the severity of COVID-19, and may provide additional guidance for planning clinical treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32277729, "pmcid": "PMC7262159", "title": "Telemedicine: Has the Time Really Finally Arrived?", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Crump, William J"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277729", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510562, "title": "Long-term and herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2: implications from current and past knowledge.", "journal": "Pathog Dis", "authors": ["Papachristodoulou, Eleni", "Kakoullis, Loukas", "Parperis, Konstantinos", "Panos, George"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510562", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 will be determined on many factors: the percentage of the immune population, the length and effectiveness of the immune response and the stability of the viral epitopes. The required percentage of immune individuals has been estimated to be 50-66% of the population which, given the current infection rates, will take long to be achieved. Furthermore, data from SARS-CoV suggest that the duration of immunity may not be sufficiently significant, while the immunity response against SARS-CoV-2 may not be efficiently effective in all patients, as relapses have already been reported. In addition, the development of mutant strains, which has already been documented, can cause the reemergence of the epidemic. In conclusion, the development of an effective vaccine is an urgent necessity, as long-term natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2 may not be sufficient for the control of the current and future outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32343036, "pmcid": "PMC7267559", "title": "Cats under the shadow of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Li, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343036", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353696, "pmcid": "PMC7156944", "title": "A crisis within the crisis: The mental health situation of refugees in the world during the 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Junior, Jucier Goncalves", "de Sales, Jair Paulino", "Moreira, Marcial Moreno", "Pinheiro, Woneska Rodrigues", "Lima, Carlos Kennedy Tavares", "Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353696", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "68.5 million people around the world have been forced to leave their houses. Refugees have mainly to face their adaption in a host country, which involves bureaucracy, different culture, poverty, and racism. The already fragile situation of refugees becomes worrying and challenged in the face of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic. Therefore, we aimed to describe the factors that can worsen the mental health of refugees. The studies were identified in well-known international journals found in three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. The data were cross-checked with information from the main international newspapers. According to the literature, the difficulties faced by refugees with the COVID-19 pandemic are potentiated by the pandemic state. There are several risk factors common to coronavirus and psychiatric illnesses as overcrowding, disruption of sewage disposal, poor standards of hygiene, poor nutrition, negligible sanitation, lack of access to shelter, health care, public services, and safety. These associated with fear and uncertainty create a closed ground for psychological sickness and COVID-19 infection. There should be not only a social mobilization to contain the virus, but also a collective effort on behalf of the most vulnerable populations."}, {"pmid": 32362356, "pmcid": "PMC7129970", "title": "Preparing for a Surge of Coronavirus Cases.", "journal": "Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf", "authors": ["Baker, David W"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362356", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496537, "title": "Thoracic surgeons' insights: Improving thoracic surgery outcomes during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiothorac Surg", "authors": ["Chen, Ke-Neng", "Gao, Shugeng", "Liu, Lunxu", "He, Jianxing", "Jiang, Ge-Ning", "He, Jie"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496537", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502796, "pmcid": "PMC7256546", "title": "Changes in breast cancer management during the Corona Virus Disease 19 pandemic: An international survey of the European Breast Cancer Research Association of Surgical Trialists (EUBREAST).", "journal": "Breast", "authors": ["Gasparri, Maria Luisa", "Gentilini, Oreste Davide", "Lueftner, Diana", "Kuehn, Thorsten", "Kaidar-Person, Orit", "Poortmans, Philip"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502796", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) had a worldwide negative impact on healthcare systems, which were not used to coping with such pandemic. Adaptation strategies prioritizing COVID-19 patients included triage of patients and reduction or re-allocation of other services. The aim of our survey was to provide a real time international snapshot of modifications of breast cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was developed by a multidisciplinary group on behalf of European Breast Cancer Research Association of Surgical Trialists and distributed via breast cancer societies. One reply per breast unit was requested. In ten days, 377 breast centres from 41 countries completed the questionnaire. RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 prior to treatment was reported by 44.8% of the institutions. The estimated time interval between diagnosis and treatment initiation increased for about 20% of institutions. Indications for primary systemic therapy were modified in 56% (211/377), with upfront surgery increasing from 39.8% to 50.7% (p\u00a0<\u00a00.002) and from 33.7% to 42.2% (p\u00a0<\u00a00.016) in T1cN0 triple-negative and ER-negative/HER2-positive cases, respectively. Sixty-seven percent considered that chemotherapy increases risks for developing COVID-19 complications. Fifty-one percent of the responders reported modifications in chemotherapy protocols. Gene-expression profile used to evaluate the need for adjuvant chemotherapy increased in 18.8%. In luminal-A tumours, a large majority (68%) recommended endocrine treatment to postpone surgery. Postoperative radiation therapy was postponed in 20% of the cases. Breast cancer management was considerably modified during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our data provide a base to investigate whether these changes impact oncologic outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32241520, "pmcid": "PMC7270774", "title": "International Guidelines on Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Coles, C E", "Aristei, C", "Bliss, J", "Boersma, L", "Brunt, A M", "Chatterjee, S", "Hanna, G", "Jagsi, R", "Kaidar Person, O", "Kirby, A", "Mjaaland, I", "Meattini, I", "Luis, A M", "Marta, G N", "Offersen, B", "Poortmans, P", "Rivera, S"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241520", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330477, "pmcid": "PMC7194905", "title": "Characteristics and prognosis of patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the Basque Country (Spain).", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Lago, Iago", "Ramirez de la Piscina, Patricia", "Elorza, Ainara", "Merino, Olga", "Ortiz de Zarate, Jone", "Cabriada, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330477", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514432, "pmcid": "PMC7273707", "title": "COVID-19 and its effects on the digestive system and endoscopy practice.", "journal": "JGH Open", "authors": ["Aguila, Enrik John T", "Cua, Ian Homer Y", "Dumagpi, Joseph Erwin L", "Francisco, Carlos Paolo D", "Raymundo, Nikko Theodore V", "Sy-Janairo, Marianne Linley L", "Cabral-Prodigalidad, Patricia Anne I", "Lontok, Marie Antoinette Dc"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has been classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Several studies have demonstrated that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is also a potential route. As the pandemic is continuously evolving, and more data are made available, this article highlights the best evidence and practices regarding the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus relevant to GI practice. Published clinical studies have supported that SARS-CoV-2 affects the GI tract and the liver. The largest published dataset comprised of 4243 patients and showed a pooled prevalence of GI symptoms at 17.6%. GI symptoms varied and usually preceded pulmonary symptoms by 1-2\u2009days. These include anorexia (26.8%), nausea and vomiting (10.2%), diarrhea (12.5%), and abdominal pain (9.2%). Incidence of liver injury ranges from 15 to 53%. Evidence shows that the severity of COVID-19 infection is compounded by its effects on nutrition, most especially for the critically ill. As such, nutrition societies have recommended optimization of oral diets and oral nutritional supplements followed by early enteral nutrition if nutritional targets are not met, and parenteral nutrition in the distal end of the spectrum. In addition to possible fecal-oral transmission, GI endoscopy procedures, which are considered to be aerosol-generating procedures, contribute to increased risk to GI health-care professionals. Infection prevention measures and guidelines are essential in protecting both patients and personnel."}, {"pmid": 32445249, "title": "How did we get here? A short history of COVID-19 and other coronavirus-related epidemics.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Lango, Miriam N"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445249", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic was not the first coronavirus epidemic of this century and represents one of the increasing number of zoonoses from wildlife to impact global health. SARS CoV-2, the virus causing the COVID-19 epidemic is distinct from, but closely resembles SARS CoV-1, which was responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2002. SARS CoV-1 and 2 share almost 80% of genetic sequences and use the same host cell receptor to initiate viral infection. However, SARS predominantly affected individuals in close contact with infected animals and health care workers. In contrast, CoV-2 exhibits robust person to person spread, most likely by means of asymptomatic carriers, which has resulted in greater spread of disease, overall morbidity and mortality, despite its lesser virulence. We review recent coronavirus-related epidemics and distinguish clinical and molecular features of CoV-2, the causative agent for COVID-19, and review the current status of vaccine trials."}, {"pmid": 32329975, "pmcid": "PMC7200055", "title": "Covid-19 and Kidney Transplantation.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Akalin, Enver", "Azzi, Yorg", "Bartash, Rachel", "Seethamraju, Harish", "Parides, Michael", "Hemmige, Vagish", "Ross, Michael", "Forest, Stefanie", "Goldstein, Yitz D", "Ajaimy, Maria", "Liriano-Ward, Luz", "Pynadath, Cindy", "Loarte-Campos, Pablo", "Nandigam, Purna B", "Graham, Jay", "Le, Marie", "Rocca, Juan", "Kinkhabwala, Milan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329975", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221635, "pmcid": "PMC7100457", "title": "[Dealing with psychological distress by healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemia].", "journal": "Nervenarzt", "authors": ["Petzold, Moritz Bruno", "Plag, Jens", "Strohle, Andreas"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221635", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current COVID-19 pandemia, health workers from all professions are facing great challenges in coping with the crisis. In this situation health professionals are confronted with specific stressors and risks not only for the physical but also for the mental health. This article summarizes the first recommendations for the reduction of stress and psychological burden in health professionals during the current COVID-19 pandemia. The recommendations of the World Health Organization, the United Nations and the International Red Cross Society are summarized. Recommendations for the reduction of stress and psychological distress in health professionals as well as important factors that team leaders can consider in order to reduce psychological distress in employees are presented. The normalization of strong emotions and stress, the fulfillment of basic needs, social support, clear communication and distribution of tasks, flexible working hours and the utilization of psychosocial and psychological help without stigmatization seem to be particularly important measures. This article presents guidelines for health professionals and team leaders in healthcare that help to maintain mental health during the COVID-19 pandemia."}, {"pmid": 32382877, "pmcid": "PMC7204189", "title": "[Acute Neurointerventions, Covid-19 and Chest-CT: SOP and Literature Review].", "journal": "Clin Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Urbach, Horst", "Janssen, Hendrik", "Linn, Jennifer", "Hoffmann, Titus", "Tritt, Stephanie", "Weber, Werner", "Wiesmann, Martin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382877", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze standard operating procedures (SOP) of acute stroke imaging and interventions during COVID-19 pandemic with special emphasis on chest CT within a multimodal stroke protocol. A questionnaire was distributed via email to members of the Professional Organization of German Neuroradiologists (Berufsverband Deutscher Neuroradiologen e.V.). Answers were received from 25 units: eleven of them acquire chest CT, three in any patient and eight, when COVID-19 is suspected due to body temperature increase, patient's history or when the latter cannot be sufficiently obtained. Preliminary data indicate a high sensitivity and moderate negative predictive value. Different SOP reflect an uncertainty whether chest CT should be acquired as part of a multimodal stroke protocol. Accuracy of low dose chest CT cannot be determined yet. The strengths and limitations of chest CT are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32466833, "pmcid": "PMC7247503", "title": "COVID-19: We All Have a Role.", "journal": "Arch Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Raj, Vishwa S"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466833", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32191350, "pmcid": "PMC7228243", "title": "COVID-2019 and pregnancy: A plea for transparent reporting of all cases.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Lal, Amos", "Mishra, Ajay Kumar"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191350", "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424734, "pmcid": "PMC7232589", "title": "Buffering reproductive science in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Assist Reprod Genet", "authors": ["Albertini, David F"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424734", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242828, "title": "Decreased \"WBC*LYM\" was observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients from a fever clinic in Wuhan.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Chi", "Zhang, Linjing", "Chen, Xing", "Zhang, Hui", "Fei, Yang"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242828", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371047, "pmcid": "PMC7194036", "title": "Changes in medication adherence among patients with asthma and COPD during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Kaye, Leanne", "Theye, Benjamin", "Smeenk, Ian", "Gondalia, Rahul", "Barrett, Meredith A", "Stempel, David A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371047", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32043982, "pmcid": "PMC7133594", "title": "2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Bao, Yanping", "Sun, Yankun", "Meng, Shiqiu", "Shi, Jie", "Lu, Lin"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32043982", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294345, "title": "Not a Perfect Storm - Covid-19 and the Importance of Language.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Brandt, Allan M", "Botelho, Alyssa"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294345", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391445, "pmcid": "PMC7205662", "title": "Management of a COVID-19 patient in the endoscopy suite.", "journal": "VideoGIE", "authors": ["Feuerstein, Joseph D", "Levy, Nadav", "Zucco, Liana", "Levy, Lior A", "Sawhney, Mandeep", "Ramachandran, Satya Krishna"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391445", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311314, "pmcid": "PMC7164889", "title": "ADHD management during the COVID-19 pandemic: guidance from the European ADHD Guidelines Group.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Cortese, Samuele", "Asherson, Philip", "Sonuga-Barke, Edmund", "Banaschewski, Tobias", "Brandeis, Daniel", "Buitelaar, Jan", "Coghill, David", "Daley, David", "Danckaerts, Marina", "Dittmann, Ralf W", "Doepfner, Manfred", "Ferrin, Maite", "Hollis, Chris", "Holtmann, Martin", "Konofal, Eric", "Lecendreux, Michel", "Santosh, Paramala", "Rothenberger, Aribert", "Soutullo, Cesar", "Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph", "Taylor, Eric", "Van der Oord, Saskia", "Wong, Ian", "Zuddas, Alessandro", "Simonoff, Emily"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311314", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511751, "title": "SARS-CoV-2: what is known and what there is to know. Focus on coagulation and lipids.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Carbone, F", "Montecucco, F", "Twickler, ThB"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511751", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the SARS-CoV2 pandemic is still progressing, dissemination of information has become of paramount importance. However, the rapid influx of SARS-CoV-2 patients in our hospitals has overwhelmed the time needed for appropriate information interpretation and its application. Noteworthy, awareness among clinicians is growing about the systemic involvement triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we focused on two emerging clinical feature associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection with potential long-term relevance."}, {"pmid": 32375787, "pmcid": "PMC7201390", "title": "Ensuring adequate health financing to prevent and control the COVID-19 in Iran.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Behzadifar, Masoud", "Ghanbari, Mahboubeh Khaton", "Bakhtiari, Ahad", "Behzadifar, Meysam", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375787", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On February 19th 2020, the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME) has announced the first 2 cases of SARS-CoV-2, a novel emerging coronavirus which causes an infection termed as COVID-19, in Qom city. As such, the Iranian government, through the establishment of the \"National Headquarters for the management and control of the novel Coronavirus\", has started implementing policies and programs for the prevention and control of the virus. These measures include schools and universities closure, reduced working hours, and increased production and delivery of equipment such as masks, gloves and hygienic materials for sterile environments. The government has also made efforts to divulge high-quality information concerning the COVID-19 and to provide laboratories and hospitals with diagnostic kits and adequate resources to treat patients. However, despite such efforts, the number of cases and deaths has progressively increased with rising\u00a0trends in total confirmed cases\u00a0and deaths, as well as in\u00a0new daily cases and deaths associated with the COVID-19. Iran is a developing country and its economic infrastructure has been hit hardly by embargo and sanctions. While developed countries have allocated appropriate funding and are responding adequately to the COVID-19 pandemics, Iran has experienced a serious surge of cases and deaths and should strive to provide additional resources to the health system to make healthcare services more accessible\u00a0and to increase the fairness of that access. All relevant actors and stakeholders should work together to fight this disease."}, {"pmid": 32480207, "pmcid": "PMC7250772", "title": "Perianesthetic concerns for the non-COVID-19 patients requiring surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak: An observational study.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Boccara, Gilles", "Cassagnol, David", "Bargues, Laurent", "Guenoun, Thierry", "Aubier, Benjamin", "Goldstein, Ivan", "Romano, Stephane", "Longrois, Dan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420959, "title": "Major sports events and the transmission of SARS-CoV-2: analysis of seven case-studies in Europe.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Signorelli, Carlo", "Odone, Anna", "Ricco, Matteo", "Bellini, Lorenzo", "Croci, Roberto", "Oradini-Alacreu, Aurea", "Fiacchini, Daniel", "Burioni, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420959", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "letter without abstract."}, {"pmid": 32455512, "title": "[Application and thinking of health standards related to public health in prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, X", "Jiang, Y C", "Yang, Y Q", "Zheng, Y M", "Sun, N L", "Tian, C W", "Yao, M J", "Bing, P F", "Li, J", "Lei, S W"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455512", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To systematically analyze the basic characteristics and contents of the current health standards for infectious disease, environmental health, school health and disinfection in the context of COVID-19 prevention and control, and provide support for the further optimization of epidemic prevention and control guidelines and reference for the revision and improvement of related health standards. Methods: Public health standards used in COVID-19 prevention and control were selected for a systematic comparison with \"The Plan of COVID19 Prevention and Control\" (the 6th Edition) and other epidemic prevention and control guidelines from the perspectives of application scope and technical elements. Results: The current standards of public health are with scientificity, timeliness and feasibility. The application scope and technical elements of the current public health standards basically meet the needs of the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, but the public health standardization system still needs improvement, and some public health standards need to be revised. Conclusions: The implementation of current public health standards can provide strong technical support for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. The experience obtained from COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control might promote the further improvement of the health standardization system."}, {"pmid": 32305046, "title": "Severe COVID-19 during Pregnancy and Possible Vertical Transmission.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Alzamora, Maria Claudia", "Paredes, Tania", "Caceres, David", "Webb, Camille M", "Valdez, Luis M", "La Rosa, Mauricio"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305046", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are few cases of pregnant women with novel corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) in the literature, most of them with a mild illness course. There is limited evidence about in utero infection and early positive neonatal testing. A 41-year-old G3P2 with a history of previous cesarean deliveries and diabetes mellitus presented with a 4-day history of malaise, low-grade fever, and progressive shortness of breath. A nasopharyngeal swab was positive for COVID-19, COVID-19 serology was negative. The patient developed respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation on day 5 of disease onset. The patient underwent a cesarean delivery, and neonatal isolation was implemented immediately after birth, without delayed cord clamping or skin-to-skin contact. The neonatal nasopharyngeal swab, 16\u2009hours after delivery, was positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunoglobulin (Ig)-M and IgG for SARS-CoV-2 were negative. Maternal IgM and IgG were positive on postpartum day 4 (day 9 after symptom onset). We report a severe presentation of COVID-19 during pregnancy. To our knowledge, this is the earliest reported positive PCR in the neonate, raising the concern for vertical transmission. We suggest pregnant women should be considered as a high-risk group and minimize exposures for these reasons. KEY POINTS: \u00b7 We report a severe presentation of COVID-19 in pregnancy requiring invasive ventilatory support.. \u00b7 This is a case of positive RT-PCR in first day of life, suggesting possible vertical transmission.. \u00b7 There were no detectable maternal antibodies for COVID-19 until after delivery.."}, {"pmid": 32425297, "pmcid": "PMC7227538", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in very preterm pregnancy: experiences from two cases.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Cooke, William R", "Billett, Anne", "Gleeson, Suzie", "Jacques, Andrew", "Place, Kelly", "Siddall, Jane", "Walden, Andrew", "Soulsby, Kim"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425297", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498762, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019: Clinical Review.", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Gouveia, Cristina Carvalho", "Campos, Luis"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498762", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus occurred in Wuhan, the capital of Central\u00a0China's Hubei Province and has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization\u00a0since January 2020. A comprehensive search using the PubMed database was carried out to summarize the latest published\u00a0information about the epidemiology, definition, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, treatment options, prognosis and prevention of\u00a0coronavirus disease 2019. This new strain of coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, enters human cells that express\u00a0angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptors, which exist in the respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts and heart, causing\u00a0coronavirus disease. Transmission occurs essentially through the respiratory tract and the main symptoms are fever, cough and dyspnea.\u00a0Diagnosis is based on epidemiological, clinical and imaging features and confirmed by nucleic acid testing. Despite intensive research, the exact origin of the virus and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease is not yet completely\u00a0known, and clinically approved vaccines and drugs that target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are lacking."}, {"pmid": 32325096, "pmcid": "PMC7169929", "title": "COVID-19 in cardiac arrest and infection risk to rescuers: A systematic review.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Couper, Keith", "Taylor-Phillips, Sian", "Grove, Amy", "Freeman, Karoline", "Osokogu, Osemeke", "Court, Rachel", "Mehrabian, Amin", "Morley, Peter T", "Nolan, Jerry P", "Soar, Jasmeet", "Perkins, Gavin D"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325096", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There may be a risk of COVID-19 transmission to rescuers delivering treatment for cardiac arrest. The aim of this review was to identify the potential risk of transmission associated with key interventions (chest compressions, defibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation) to inform international treatment recommendations. We undertook a systematic review comprising three questions: (1) aerosol generation associated with key interventions; (2) risk of airborne infection transmission associated with key interventions; and (3) the effect of different personal protective equipment strategies. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the World Health Organization COVID-19 database on 24th March 2020. Eligibility criteria were developed individually for each question. We assessed risk of bias for individual studies, and used the GRADE process to assess evidence certainty by outcome. We included eleven studies: two cohort studies, one case control study, five case reports, and three manikin randomised controlled trials. We did not find any direct evidence that chest compressions or defibrillation either are or are not associated with aerosol generation or transmission of infection. Data from manikin studies indicates that donning of personal protective equipment delays treatment delivery. Studies provided only indirect evidence, with no study describing patients with COVID-19. Evidence certainty was low or very low for all outcomes. It is uncertain whether chest compressions or defibrillation cause aerosol generation or transmission of COVID-19 to rescuers. There is very limited evidence and a rapid need for further studies. Review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020175594."}, {"pmid": 32340979, "title": "Online management of rheumatoid arthritis during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Yang", "Wang, Jian", "Zhao, Liang", "Xiao, Jun", "Shi, Zhanjun"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507110, "title": "Pattern of liver injury in adult patients with COVID-19: a retrospective analysis of 105 patients.", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Wang, Qi", "Zhao, Hong", "Liu, Li-Gai", "Wang, Yan-Bin", "Zhang, Ting", "Li, Ming-Hui", "Xu, Yan-Li", "Gao, Gui-Ju", "Xiong, Hao-Feng", "Fan, Ying", "Cao, Ying", "Ding, Rui", "Wang, Jing-Jing", "Cheng, Cheng", "Xie, Wen"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507110", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent studies reported that patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) might have liver injury. However, few data on the combined analysis and change patterns of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBil) have been shown. This is a single-center retrospective study. A total of 105 adult patients hospitalized for confirmed COVID-19 in Beijing Ditan Hospital between January 12, and March 17, 2020 were included, and divided into mild group (n\u2009=\u200979) and severe group(n\u2009=\u200926). We compared liver functional test results between the two groups. Category of ALT change during the disease course was also examined. 56.2% (59/105) of the patients had unnormal ALT, AST, or total TBil throughout the course of the disease, but in 91.4% (96/105) cases the level of ALT, AST or TBil \u22643 fold of the upper limit of normal reference range (ULN). The overall distribution of ALT, AST, and TBil were all significantly difference between mild and severe group (P\u2009<\u2009\u00a00.05). The percentage of the patients with elevated both ALT and AST was 12.7% (10/79) in mild cases vs. 46.2% (12/26) in severe cases (P\u2009=\u20090.001). 34.6% (9/26) severe group patients started to have abnormal ALT after admission, and 73.3% (77/105) of all patients had normal ALT before discharge. Elevated liver function index is very common in patients with COVID-19 infection, and the level were less than 3\u2009\u00d7\u2009ULN, but most are reversible. The abnormality of 2 or more indexes is low in the patients with COVID-19, but it is more likely to occur in the severe group."}, {"pmid": 32449171, "title": "COVID-19: are neutralizing antibodies neutralizing enough?", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Kadkhoda, Kamran"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449171", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462566, "pmcid": "PMC7251799", "title": "Online Crowdfunding Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Rajwa, Pawel", "Hopen, Philip", "Mu, Lin", "Paradysz, Andrzej", "Wojnarowicz, Jakub", "Gross, Cary P", "Leapman, Michael S"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462566", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395829, "pmcid": "PMC7273074", "title": "Surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: operating room suggestions from an international Delphi process.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Abdelrahman, T", "Beamish, A J", "Brown, C", "Egan, R J", "Evans, T", "Ryan Harper, E", "Harries, R L", "Hopkins, L", "James, O", "Lewis, S", "Lewis, W G", "Luton, O", "Mellor, K", "Robinson, D", "Thomas, R", "Williams, A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395829", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Operating room (OR) practice during the COVID-19 pandemic is driven by basic principles, shared experience, and nascent literature. This study aimed to identify the knowledge needs of the global OR workforce, and characterise supportive evidence to establish consensus. A rapid, modified Delphi exercise was performed, open to all stakeholders, informed via an online international collaborative evaluation. The consensus exercise was completed by 339 individuals from 41 countries (64% UK). Consensus was reached on 71/100 statements, predominantly standardisation of OR pathways, OR staffing, and pre-operative screening or diagnosis. The highest levels of consensus were observed in statements relating to appropriate personal and protective equipment (PPE) and risk distribution (96-99%), clear consent processes (96%), multidisciplinary decision-making and working (97%). Statements yielding equivocal responses predominantly related to technical and procedure choices, including: decontamination (40-68%), laminar flow systems (13-61%), PPE reuse (58%), risk stratification of patients (21-48%), open vs. laparoscopic surgery (63%), preferential cholecystostomy in biliary disease (48%), and definition of aerosol generating procedures (19%). High levels of consensus existed for many statements within each domain, supporting much of the initial guidance issued by professional bodies, yet several contentious areas arose, which represent urgent targets for investigation to delineate safe COVID-19 related OR practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32359177, "pmcid": "PMC7267515", "title": "Longitudinal association between markers of liver injury and mortality in COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Hepatology", "authors": ["Lei, Fang", "Liu, Ye-Mao", "Zhou, Feng", "Qin, Juan-Juan", "Zhang, Peng", "Zhu, Lihua", "Zhang, Xiao-Jing", "Cai, Jingjing", "Lin, Lijin", "Ouyang, Shan", "Wang, Xiaoming", "Yang, Chengzhang", "Cheng, Xu", "Liu, Weifang", "Li, Haomiao", "Xie, Jing", "Wu, Bin", "Luo, Huiming", "Xiao, Fei", "Chen, Jing", "Tao, Liang", "Cheng, Gang", "She, Zhi-Gang", "Zhou, Jianghua", "Wang, Haitao", "Lin, Jun", "Luo, Pengcheng", "Fu, Shouzhi", "Zhou, Jihui", "Ye, Ping", "Xiao, Bing", "Mao, Weiming", "Liu, Liming", "Yan, Youqin", "Liu, Ling", "Chen, Guohua", "Li, Hongliang", "Huang, Xiaodong", "Zhang, Bing-Hong", "Yuan, Yufeng"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359177", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease. To reveal the hepatic injury related to this disease and its clinical significance, we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study that included 5,771 adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Hubei Province. We reported the distributional and temporal patterns of liver injury indicators in these patients and determined their associated factors and death risk. Longitudinal liver function tests were retrospectively analyzed and correlated with the risk factors and death. Liver injury dynamic patterns differed in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBIL). AST elevated first, followed by ALT, in severe patients. ALP modestly increased during hospitalization and largely remained in the normal range. The fluctuation in TBIL levels was mild in the non-severe and the severe group. AST abnormality was associated with the highest mortality risk compared to other indicators of liver injury during hospitalization. Common factors associated with elevated liver injury indicators were lymphocyte count decrease, neutrophil count increase, and male gender. CONCLUSION: The dynamic patterns of liver injury indicators and their potential risk factors may provide an important explanation for the COVID-19-associated liver injury. Because elevated liver injury indicators, particularly AST, are strongly associated with the mortality risk, our study indicates that these parameters should be monitored during hospitalization."}, {"pmid": 32345618, "title": "Response to 'Is there a future for hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine in prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)?' by Moiseev et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Spinelli, Francesca Romana", "Ceccarelli, Fulvia", "Di Franco, Manuela", "Conti, Fabrizio"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345618", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514101, "title": "First antibody against COVID-19 spike protein enters phase I.", "journal": "Nat Rev Drug Discov", "authors": ["Mullard, Asher"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514101", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245396, "pmcid": "PMC7125052", "title": "Updating the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19 \"suspected case\" and \"confirmed case\" is necessary.", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Wang, Yun-Yun", "Jin, Ying-Hui", "Ren, Xue-Qun", "Li, Yi-Rong", "Zhang, Xiao-Chun", "Zeng, Xian-Tao", "Wang, Xing-Huan"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245396", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 6 February 2020, our team had published a rapid advice guideline for diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection, and this guideline provided our experience and make well reference for fighting against this pandemic worldwide. However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease, our awareness and knowledge are gradually increasing based on the ongoing research findings and clinical practice experience; hence, the strategies of diagnosis and treatment are also continually updated. In this letter, we answered one comment on our guideline and provided the newest diagnostic criteria of \"suspected case\" and \"confirmed case\" according to the latest Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for COVID-19 (seventh version) that issued by the National Health Committee of the People's Republic of China."}, {"pmid": 32508390, "title": "Planning for Epidemics and Pandemics: Assessing the Potential Impact of Extended Use and Reuse Strategies on Respirator Usage Rates to Support Supply-and-Demand Planning Efforts.", "journal": "J Int Soc Respir Prot", "authors": ["Yorio, Patrick L", "Fisher, Edward M", "Kilinc-Balci, F Selcen", "Rottach, Dana", "Harney, Joshua", "Seaton, Melissa", "Dahm, Matthew M", "Niemeier, Todd"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508390", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During epidemics and pandemics healthcare personnel (HCP) are on the front line of disease containment and mitigation. Personal protective equipment (PPE), such as NIOSH-approved N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs), serve an important role in minimizing HCP risks and are in high demand during public health emergencies. Because PPE demand can exceed supply, various public health strategies have been developed to reduce the rate of PPE consumption as supply dwindles. Extended use and limited reuse of N95 FFRs are strategies advocated by many governmental agencies used to increase the number of times a device can be used. Increased use of respirators designed for reuse-such as powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) and elastomeric half-mask and full facepiece air-purifying respirators- is another option designed to reduce the continuous need for new devices as the daily need for respirator use increases. Together, these strategies are designed to reduce the number of PPE units that must be discarded daily and, therefore, extend the longevity of available supply. The purpose of this paper is to theoretically estimate the impact of extended use and limited reuse strategies for N95 FFRs and the increased use of reusable respirator options on PPE consumed. The results suggest that a considerable reduction in PPE consumption would result from extended use and limited reuse of N95 FFRs and the increased use of respirators designed for reuse; however, the practical benefits must be balanced with the risks and economic costs. In addition, extended use and reuse strategies must be accompanied by proper procedures to reduce risk. The study is designed to support epidemic and pandemic PPE supply and demand planning efforts."}, {"pmid": 32192278, "title": "WHO International Health Regulations Emergency Committee for the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "authors": ["Jee, Youngmee"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192278", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), World Health Organization (WHO) organized the 15-member International Health Regulations Emergency Committee (EC). On January 22-23 and January 30, 2020, EC convened and discussed whether the situation in China and other countries would constitute PHEIC and issued recommendations for WHO, China and the international community. Based on the recommendations of EC, WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a PHEIC. One of the purposes of the declaration of PHEIC was to alarm countries with weak public health infrastructures to prepare promptly for emerging infectious diseases (EID) and provide WHO with a framework for proactively supporting those countries. On February 3, 2020, WHO proposed the 2019 COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan, which includes accelerating research and development (R&D) processes as one of three major strategies. On February 11-12, 2020, WHO held the Global Research and Innovation Forum: Towards a Research Roadmap for COVID-19. The fact that a COVID-19 R&D forum was the first meeting convened after the PHEIC declaration testifies to the importance of R&D in response to EID. Korea has demonstrated a remarkable capacity in its laboratory response by conducting high-throughput COVID-19 testing and utilizing innovative drive-through samplings. These measures for early detection and screening of cases should be followed by full efforts to produce research-based evidence by thoroughly analyzing epidemiological, clinical and immunological data, which will facilitate the development of vaccines and therapeutics for COVID-19. It is expected that Korea plays a global partner for COVID-19 research by actively participating in immediate and mid/long-term priorities jointly led by WHO and global partners."}, {"pmid": 32345311, "pmcid": "PMC7187660", "title": "Clinical determinants for fatality of 44,672 patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Deng, Guangtong", "Yin, Mingzhu", "Chen, Xiang", "Zeng, Furong"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345311", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509285, "pmcid": "PMC7242882", "title": "Reaching further by Village Health Collaborators: The informal health taskforce of Vietnam for COVID-19 responses.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Tran, Bach Xuan", "Phan, Hai Thanh", "Nguyen, Thao Phuong Thi", "Hoang, Men Thi", "Vu, Giang Thu", "Thi Lei, Huong", "Latkin, Carl A", "Ho, Cyrus Sh", "Ho, Roger Cm"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509285", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401043, "title": "Conserved High Free Energy Sites in Human Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein Backbones.", "journal": "J Comput Biol", "authors": ["Penner, Robert C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401043", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    Methods previously developed by the author are applied to uncover several sites of interest in the spike glycoproteins of all known human coronaviruses (hCoVs), including SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19. The sites comprise three-dimensional neighborhoods of peptides characterized by four key properties: (1) they pinpoint regions of high free energy in the backbone whose obstruction might interrupt function; (2) by their very definition, they occur rarely in the universe of all gene-encoded proteins that could obviate host response to compounds designed for their interference; (3) they are common to all known hCoV spikes, possibly retaining activity in light of inevitable viral mutation; and (4) they are exposed in the molecular surface of the glycoprotein. These peptides in SARS-CoV-2 are given by the triples of residues (131, 117, 134), (203, 227, 228), and (1058, 730, 731) in its spike.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32336835, "pmcid": "PMC7180641", "title": "From the Editor of Sexuality and Disability: The Impact of COVID-19 on Sexuality and Disability-Are We Closer or More Isolated?", "journal": "Sex Disabil", "authors": ["Hough, Sigmund"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336835", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437224, "title": "Disparities In Outcomes Among COVID-19 Patients In A Large Health Care System In California.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Azar, Kristen M J", "Shen, Zijun", "Romanelli, Robert J", "Lockhart, Stephen H", "Smits, Kelly", "Robinson, Sarah", "Brown, Stephanie", "Pressman, Alice R"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437224", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic spreads throughout the United States, evidence is mounting that racial and ethnic minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups are bearing a disproportionate burden of illness and death. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of COVID-19 patients at Sutter Health, a large integrated health care system in northern California, to measure potential disparities. We used Sutter's integrated electronic health record to identify adults with suspected and confirmed COVID-19, and used multivariable logistic regression to assess risk of hospitalization, adjusting for known risk factors, such as race/ethnicity, sex, age, health, and socioeconomic variables. We analyzed 1,052 confirmed cases of COVID-19 from January 1-April 8, 2020. Among our findings, we observed that, compared with non-Hispanic white patients, African Americans had 2.7 times the odds of hospitalization, after adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and income. We explore possible explanations for this, including societal factors that either result in barriers to timely access to care or create circumstances in which patients view delaying care as the most sensible option. Our study provides real-world evidence that there are racial and ethnic disparities in the presentation of COVID-19. [Editor's Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the peer-reviewed manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.]."}, {"pmid": 32396627, "pmcid": "PMC7239196", "title": "Successful percutaneous thrombectomy in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia and acute pulmonary embolism supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Schmiady, Martin O", "Sromicki, Juri", "Kucher, Nils", "Ouda, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396627", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450475, "pmcid": "PMC7236678", "title": "Using a pre-procedure COVID-19 huddle to improve operating room safety.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Pimentel, Marc Philip T", "Pimentel, Camilla B", "Wheeler, Kimberly", "Dehmer, Emily", "Vacanti, Joshua C", "Urman, Richard D"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450475", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321009, "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia and the reversed halo sign.", "journal": "J Bras Pneumol", "authors": ["Farias, Lucas de Padua Gomes de", "Strabelli, Daniel Giunchetti", "Sawamura, Marcio Valente Yamada"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321009", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406356, "title": "Storytelling and Poetry in the time of Coronavirus.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Barrett, Elizabeth", "Dickson, Melissa", "Hayes-Brady, Clare", "Wheelock, Harriet"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406356", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus crisis occurs at a time when many clinicians have already experienced burnout. One in three Irish doctors were suffering from burnout in the 2019 National Study of Wellbeing of Hospital Doctors in Ireland; rates are also high in Irish Psychiatry. We present a perspective on the use of Narrative in Medicine, and recognise that storytelling, and the patient history, are very much at the heart of medicine. Clinician storytelling, such as Schwartz Rounds and Balint group work, have very much come to the fore in Irish Psychiatry and in training. Projects such as Mind Reading have explored overlaps between clinicians, humanities experts and experts by experience. We give an overview of some approaches from the movement around narrative in medicine to bolster this. We explore why clinicians write- as ways to support identification, catharsis and a way to process experiences. Clinicians and patients may also use literature and poetry to promote coping. The historic context and practical strategies are highlighted, particularly with reference to Poetry use during the current crisis."}, {"pmid": 32359846, "title": "Managing the COVID-19 Pandemic as a National Radiation Oncology Centre in Singapore.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Tan, B F", "Tuan, J K L", "Yap, S P", "Ho, S Z", "Wang, M L C"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359846", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a global pandemic in March 2020. It has impacted the world medically, financially, politically and socially, with countries such as China and Italy adopting a full lockdown of their cities to mitigate the transmission. The current mortality rate is 5.4%, with 1\u00a0056\u00a0159 people infected worldwide. The disease is reminiscent of SARS in 2002, from which the healthcare system of Singapore has garnered many lessons and applied them in the current climate. As a result of the high transmissibility of the virus, hospitals in Singapore have reduced clinic loads and elective treatments to halt propagation of the virus and also to allow redistribution of healthcare workforce to the frontline. Cancer patients, who are often immunocompromised, are at risk of contracting the disease and becoming seriously ill. At the same time, delaying treatment such as radiotherapy in cancer patients can be detrimental. Here, we describe our experience as a large radiation oncology department in Singapore, including the challenges we encountered and how we managed our patient flow."}, {"pmid": 32348556, "pmcid": "PMC7267445", "title": "Maximising application of the aerosol box in protecting healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Malik, J S", "Jenner, C", "Ward, P A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348556", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418675, "pmcid": "PMC7203060", "title": "Radiotherapy and Systemic Treatment for Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Rembielak, A", "Sykes, A J", "Fife, K", "Challapalli, A", "Nobes, J P"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276453, "pmcid": "PMC7226793", "title": "Exploring the Relevance of Senotherapeutics for the Current SARS-CoV-2 Emergency and Similar Future Global Health Threats.", "journal": "Cells", "authors": ["Malavolta, Marco", "Giacconi, Robertina", "Brunetti, Dario", "Provinciali, Mauro", "Maggi, Fabrizio"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276453", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The higher death rate caused by COVID-19 in older people, especially those with comorbidities, is a challenge for biomedical aging research. Here we explore the idea that an exacerbated inflammatory response, in particular that mediated by IL-6, may drive the deleterious consequences of the infection. Data shows that other RNA viruses, such as influenza virus, can display enhanced replication efficiency in senescent cells, suggesting that the accumulation of senescent cells with aging and age-related diseases may play a role in this phenomenon. However, at present, we are completely unaware of the response to SARS-CoV and SARS-COV-2 occurring in senescent cells. We deem that this is a priority area of research because it could lead to the development of several therapeutic strategies based on senotherapeutics or prevent unsuccessful attempts. Two of these senotherapeutics, azithromycin and ruxolitinib, are currently undergoing testing for their efficacy in treating COVID-19. The potential of these strategies is not only for ameliorating the consequences of the current emergence of SARS-CoV-2, but also for the future emergence of new viruses or mutated ones for which we are completely unprepared and for which no vaccines are available."}, {"pmid": 32500571, "title": "Reduction in skin cancer diagnosis, and overall cancer referrals, during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Earnshaw, C H", "Hunter, H J A", "McMullen, E", "Griffiths, C E M", "Warren, R B"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500571", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a marked reduction in the number of patients accessing the UK's National Health Service (NHS) for emergency reasons1 . The cause for this decline is as yet unknown, and likely to be multifactorial. We investigated whether there had been a similar reduction in urgent cancer referrals (known in England as the Two Week Wait (TWW) pathway) and subsequent diagnosis of skin cancer in our dermatology service."}, {"pmid": 32436317, "pmcid": "PMC7267079", "title": "The fear of COVID-19 infection is the main cause of the new diagnoses of hand eczema: Report from the frontline in Milan.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Giacalone, Serena", "Bortoluzzi, Paolo", "Nazzaro, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436317", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534013, "title": "One-step multiplex TaqMan probe-based method for real-time PCR detection of four canine diarrhea viruses.", "journal": "Mol Cell Probes", "authors": ["Wang, Ruyi", "Zhang, Wenyan", "Ye, Rui", "Pan, Zhongzhou", "Li, Gairu", "Su, Shuo"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534013", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral canine diarrhea has high morbidity and mortality and is prevalent worldwide, resulting in severe economic and spiritual losses to pet owners. However, diarrhea pathogens have similar clinical symptoms and are difficult to diagnose clinically. Thus, fast and accurate diagnostic methods are of great significance for prevention and accurate treatment. In this study, we developed a one-step multiplex TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR for the differential diagnosis of four viruses causing canine diarrhea including, CPV (Canine Parvovirus 2), CCoV (Canine Coronavirus), CAstV (Canine Astrovirus), and CaKoV (Canine Kobuviruses). The limit of detection was up to 102copies/\u03bcL and performed well with high sensitivity and specificity. This assay was optimized and used to identify possible antagonistic relationships between viruses. From this, artificial pre-experiments were performed for mixed infections, and a total of 82 canine diarrhea field samples were collected from different animal hospitals in Zhejiang, China to assess the method. The virus prevalence was significantly higher than what previously reported based on RT-PCR(Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction). Taken together, these results suggest that the method can be used as a preferred tool for monitoring laboratory epidemics, timely prevention, and effective monitoring of disease progression."}, {"pmid": 32139464, "pmcid": "PMC7098482", "title": "The clinical dynamics of 18 cases of COVID-19 outside of Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Wang, Lei", "Gao, Yong-H", "Lou, Li-Li", "Zhang, Guo-Jun"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32139464", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417756, "title": "Covid-19: Mental health services must be boosted to deal with \"tsunami\" of cases after lockdown.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417756", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299683, "pmcid": "PMC7151296", "title": "Preparedness and proactive infection control measures of Pakistan during COVID-19 pandemic outbreak.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Sonia"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299683", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470088, "pmcid": "PMC7259495", "title": "Initial psychological impact of COVID-19 and its correlates in Indian Community: An online (FEEL-COVID) survey.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Varshney, Mohit", "Parel, Jithin Thomas", "Raizada, Neeraj", "Sarin, Shiv Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470088", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of Corona Virus (COVID-19) hit India recently; and the associated uncertainty is increasingly testing psychological resilience of the masses. When the global focus has mostly been on testing, finding a cure and preventing transmission; people are going through a myriad of psychological problems in adjusting to the current lifestyles and fear of the disease. Since there is a severe dearth of researches on this issue, we decided to conduct an online survey to evaluate its psychological impact. From 26th to 29th March an online survey (FEEL-COVID) was conducted using principles of snowballing, and by invitation through text messages to participate. The survey collected data on socio-demographic and clinical variables related to COVID-19 (based on the current knowledge); along with measuring psychological impact with the help of Impact of Event-revised (IES-R) scale. There were a total of 1106 responses from around 64 cities in the country. Out of these 453 responses had at least one item missing; and were excluded from the analysis. The mean age of the respondents was around 41 years with a male female ratio of 3:1 and around 22% respondents were health care professionals. Overall approximately one third of respondents had significant psychological impact (IES-R score > 24). Higher psychological impact was predicted with younger age, female gender and comorbid physical illness. Presence of physical symptoms and contact history predicted higher psychological impact, but did not reach statistical significance. During the initial stages of COVID-19 in India, almost one-third respondents had a significant psychological impact. This indicates a need for more systematic and longitudinal assessment of psychological needs of the population, which can help the government in formulating holistic interventions for affected individuals."}, {"pmid": 32361935, "pmcid": "PMC7195906", "title": "Traditional Chinese and Western Medicines Jointly Beat COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Chin J Integr Med", "authors": ["Qing, Guang-Chao", "Zhang, Hong", "Bai, Yang", "Luo, Yang"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361935", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282419, "pmcid": "PMC7197340", "title": "A Review of State Guidelines for Elective Orthopaedic Procedures During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Sarac, Nikolas J", "Sarac, Benjamin A", "Schoenbrunner, Anna R", "Janis, Jeffrey E", "Harrison, Ryan K", "Phieffer, Laura S", "Quatman, Carmen E", "Ly, Thuan V"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282419", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in widespread cancellation of elective orthopaedic procedures. The guidance coming from multiple sources frequently has been difficult to assimilate as well as dynamic, with constantly changing standards. We seek to communicate the current guidelines published by each state, to discuss the impact of these guidelines on orthopaedic surgery, and to provide the general framework used to determine which procedures have been postponed at our institution. An internet search was used to identify published state guidelines regarding the cancellation of elective procedures, with a publication cutoff of March 24, 2020, 5:00 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time. Data collected included the number of states providing guidance to cancel elective procedures and which states provided specific guidance in determining which procedures should continue being performed as well as to orthopaedic-specific guidance. Thirty states published guidance regarding the discontinuation of elective procedures, and 16 states provided a definition of \"elective\" procedures or specific guidance for determining which procedures should continue to be performed. Only 5 states provided guidelines specifically mentioning orthopaedic surgery; of those, 4 states explicitly allowed for trauma-related procedures and 4 states provided guidance against performing arthroplasty. Ten states provided guidelines allowing for the continuation of oncological procedures. Few states have published guidelines specific to orthopaedic surgery during the COVID-19 outbreak, leaving hospital systems and surgeons with the responsibility of balancing the benefits of surgery with the risks to public health."}, {"pmid": 32503058, "title": "Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: What is the Optimal Definition?", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Blumberg, Dean A", "Underwood, Mark A", "Hedriana, Herman L", "Lakshminrusimha, Satyan"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503058", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427529, "title": "Digital Translucence: Adapting Telemedicine Delivery Post-COVID-19.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Kannampallil, Thomas", "Ma, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427529", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    In nearly 1 month, with a rapidly expanding corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), telemedicine has been transformed into an essential service for delivering routine clinical care. This transformation occurred as a crisis management response-driven by the need to provide care for patients with physical distancing measures in place. However, the current rapid adoption of telemedicine presents a transitional state between one that existed before the pandemic and one that could potentially be better aligned with the delivery of a personalized model of care. Using the conceptual framework of digital translucence-situating virtual encounters with more nuanced information regarding patients-we describe the role of integrated remote monitoring and virtual care tools aligned with the patient's electronic health record for adapting telemedicine delivery post-COVID-19.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32504251, "pmcid": "PMC7274516", "title": "COVID-19 and Food Insecurity: an Uneven Patchwork of Responses.", "journal": "J Urban Health", "authors": ["Kinsey, Eliza W", "Kinsey, Dirk", "Rundle, Andrew G"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331401, "pmcid": "PMC7215275", "title": "COVID-19 Factors and Psychological Factors Associated with Elevated Psychological Distress among Dentists and Dental Hygienists in Israel.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Shacham, Maayan", "Hamama-Raz, Yaira", "Kolerman, Roni", "Mijiritsky, Ori", "Ben-Ezra, Menachem", "Mijiritsky, Eitan"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331401", "countries": ["Israel"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of COVID-19 factors and psychological factors with psychological distress among dental staff during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 338 Israeli dentists and dental hygienists, who provided their demographic data; answered questions about COVID-19-related factors; and were assessed by subjective overload, self-efficacy, and psychological distress scales. Data were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression. Results revealed that elevated psychological distress was found among those who have background illness, fear of contracting COVID-19 from patient, and a higher subjective overload. Lower psychological distress was associated with being in a committed relationship and having higher scores for self-efficacy. Given these results, gathered during times of an infectious disease outbreak, exploring psychological distress among dental staff is warranted as the effects may be long-term."}, {"pmid": 32372817, "pmcid": "PMC7195033", "title": "Concerns over UK advice.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Adam, David"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372817", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Key scientific data and advice to the UK government won't be published until the coronavirus pandemic ends, reports David Adam."}, {"pmid": 32496864, "title": "Incarceration And Its Disseminations: COVID-19 Pandemic Lessons From Chicago's Cook County Jail.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Reinhart, Eric", "Chen, Daniel"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496864", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Jails and prisons are major sites of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Many jurisdictions in the United States have therefore accelerated release of low-risk offenders. Early release, however, does not address how arrest and pre-trial detention practices may be contributing to disease spread. Using data from Cook County Jail, in Chicago, Illinois, one of the largest known nodes of SARS-CoV-2 spread, we analyze the relationship between jailing practices and community infections at the zip-code level. We find that jail cycling is a significant predictor of SARS-CoV-2 infection, accounting for 55\u00a0percent of the variance in case rates across zip codes in Chicago and 37\u00a0percent in Illinois. By comparison, jail cycling far exceeds race, poverty, public transit utilization, and population density as a predictor of variance. The data suggest that cycling through Cook County Jail alone is associated with 15.7\u00a0percent of all documented novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Illinois and 15.9\u00a0percent in Chicago as of April 19, 2020. Our findings support arguments for reduced reliance on incarceration and for related justice reforms both as emergency measures during the present pandemic and as sustained structural changes vital for future pandemic preparedness and public health. [Editor's Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the peer-reviewed manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.]."}, {"pmid": 32279462, "pmcid": "PMC7262108", "title": "Dead Body Management in Times of Covid-19 and its Potential Impact on the Availability of Cadavers for Medical Education in India.", "journal": "Anat Sci Educ", "authors": ["Ravi, Kumar Satish"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279462", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517815, "title": "COVID-19 and the re-opening of schools: a policy maker's dilemma.", "journal": "Ital J Pediatr", "authors": ["Fantini, Maria Pia", "Reno, Chiara", "Biserni, Giovanni Battista", "Savoia, Elena", "Lanari, Marcello"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517815", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and rapidly spread across the world. In order to counter this epidemic, several countries put in place different restrictive measures, such as the school's closure and a total lockdown. However, as the knowledge on the disease progresses, clinical evidence showed that children mainly have asymptomatic or mild disease and it has been suggested that they are also less likely to spread the virus. Moreover, the lockdown and the school closure could have negative consequences on children, affecting their social life, their education and their mental health. As many countries have already entered or are planning a phase of gradual lifting of the containment measures of social distancing, it seems plausible that the re-opening of nursery schools and primary schools could be considered a policy to be implemented at an early stage of recovery efforts, putting in place measures to do it safely, such as the maintenance of social distance, the reorganisation of classes into smaller groups, the provision of adequate sanitization of spaces, furniture and toys, the prompt identification of cases in the school environment and their tracing. Therefore, policy makers have the task of balancing pros and cons of the school re-opening strategy, taking into account psychological, educational and social consequences for children and their families. Another issue to be considered is represented by socio-economic disparities and inequalities which could be amplified by school's closure."}, {"pmid": 32463477, "title": "[Serological tests should be related to the aim of the testing, as well as the population].", "journal": "Lakartidningen", "authors": ["Modig, Karin", "Gemes, Katalin", "Feychting, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463477", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Expectations are high on serological tests for SARS-CoV-2. Further knowledge of the immunity is needed, but also evaluation of the reliability of the tests. Important for the latter is for which purpose the test is conducted and how common the outcome to be identified is (antibodies). For the determination of immunity at the individual level, the specificity of the test must be very high, preferably 100%. Even tests where the specificity is perceived as high, e.g. 95% or 99%, can lead to a large proportion of false positives, if the proportion of the population actually infected is small."}, {"pmid": 32403911, "title": "Clinical implications and economic effects of the corona virus pandemic on gynaecology, obstetrics and reproductive medicine in Germany-learning from Italy.", "journal": "Minerva Ginecol", "authors": ["Findeklee, Sebastian", "Morinello, Emanuela"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403911", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The infection with the novel SARS Cov-2 corona virus, the cause of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, possessing its origin in the Chinese province Hubei, has reached the extent of a global pandemic within a few months. After aerosol infection, most people experience mild respiratory infection with cold symptoms such as cough and fever, and healing within two weeks. In about 5% of those infected, however, a severe course develops with the occurrence of multiple sub pleural bronchopulmonary infiltrates and even death as a result of respiratory failure. The corona virus pandemic has multiple impacts on social life that have not been seen before. For example, the government adopted measures to curb the exponential spread of the virus, which included a significant reduction in social contacts. Furthermore, the specialist societies recommended that no elective treatments be carried out during the pandemic period. This review article considers epidemiological aspects of novel corona virus infection and presents both the clinical as well the possible economic effects of the pandemic on gynaecology, obstetrics and reproductive medicine in Germany in the past, present and future. In addition, useful preventive measures for daily clinical work and the previously known scientific findings dealing with the impact of corona virus on pregnancy and birth are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32327295, "pmcid": "PMC7158835", "title": "COVID-19 or Pulmonary Contusion? A Diagnostic Dilemma.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Rouhezamin, Mohammad Reza", "Paydar, Shahram", "Haseli, Sara"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327295", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334904, "pmcid": "PMC7141468", "title": "A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Sun, Niuniu", "Wei, Luoqun", "Shi, Suling", "Jiao, Dandan", "Song, Runluo", "Ma, Lili", "Wang, Hongwei", "Wang, Chao", "Wang, Zhaoguo", "You, Yanli", "Liu, Shuhua", "Wang, Hongyun"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334904", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly, bringing pressure and challenges to nursing staff. To explore the psychology of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients. Using a phenomenological approach, we enrolled 20 nurses who provided care for COVID-19 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from January 20, to February 10, 2020. The interviews were conducted face-to-face or by telephone and were analysed by Colaizzi's 7-step method. The psychological experience of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients can be summarized into 4 themes. First, negative emotions present in early stage consisting of fatigue, discomfort, and helplessness was caused by high-intensity work, fear and anxiety, and concern for patients and family members. Second, self-coping styles included psychological and life adjustment, altruistic acts, team support, and rational cognition. Third, we found growth under pressure, which included increased affection and gratefulness, development of professional responsibility, and self-reflection. Finally, we showed that positive emotions occurred simultaneously with negative emotions. During an epidemic outbreak, positive and negative emotions of the front-line nurses interweaved and coexisted. In the early stage, negative emotions were dominant and positive emotions appeared gradually. Self-coping styles and psychological growth played an important role in maintaining mental health of nurses."}, {"pmid": 32449766, "title": "An AI approach to COVID-19 infection risk assessment in virtual visits: a case report.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Obeid, Jihad S", "Davis, Matthew", "Turner, Matthew", "Meystre, Stephane M", "Heider, Paul M", "Lenert, Leslie A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449766", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to improve the efficiency of computer algorithms applied to screening for COVID-19 testing, we used natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods with unstructured patient data collected through telehealth visits. After segmenting and parsing documents, we conducted analysis of overrepresented words in patient symptoms. We then developed a word embedding-based convolutional neural network for predicting COVID-19 test results based on patients' self-reported symptoms. Text analytics revealed that concepts such as \"smell\" and \"taste\" were more prevalent than expected in patients testing positive. As a result, screening algorithms were adapted to include these symptoms. The deep learning model yielded an AUC of 0.729 for predicting positive results and was subsequently applied to prioritize testing appointment scheduling. Informatics tools such as NLP and AI methods can have significant clinical impacts when applied to data streams early in the development of clinical systems for outbreak response."}, {"pmid": 32356569, "pmcid": "PMC7267567", "title": "Challenges in Drug Development Posed by the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Opportunity for Clinical Pharmacology.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Venkatakrishnan, Karthik", "Yalkinoglu, Oezkan", "Dong, Jennifer Q", "Benincosa, Lisa J"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356569", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The unprecedented challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlight the urgency for applying clinical pharmacology and model-informed drug development in (i) dosage optimization for COVID-19 therapies, (ii) approaching therapeutic dilemmas in clinical trial settings, and (iii) maximizing value of information from impacted non-COVID-19 trials. More than ever, we have a responsibility for adaptive evidence synthesis with a Totality of Evidence mindset in this race against time across biomedical research, clinical practice, drug development, and regulation."}, {"pmid": 32376137, "pmcid": "PMC7183974", "title": "European Association of Urology Guidelines Office Rapid Reaction Group: An Organisation-wide Collaborative Effort to Adapt the European Association of Urology Guidelines Recommendations to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Ribal, Maria J", "Cornford, Philip", "Briganti, Alberto", "Knoll, Thomas", "Gravas, Stavros", "Babjuk, Marek", "Harding, Christopher", "Breda, Alberto", "Bex, Axel", "Rassweiler, Jens J", "Gozen, Ali S", "Pini, Giovannalberto", "Liatsikos, Evangelos", "Giannarini, Gianluca", "Mottrie, Alex", "Subramaniam, Ramnath", "Sofikitis, Nikolaos", "Rocco, Bernardo M C", "Xie, Li-Ping", "Witjes, J Alfred", "Mottet, Nicolas", "Ljungberg, Borje", "Roupret, Morgan", "Laguna, Maria P", "Salonia, Andrea", "Bonkat, Gernot", "Blok, Bertil F M", "Turk, Christian", "Radmayr, Christian", "Kitrey, Noam D", "Engeler, Daniel S", "Lumen, Nicolaas", "Hakenberg, Oliver W", "Watkin, Nick", "Hamid, Rizwan", "Olsburgh, Jonathon", "Darraugh, Julie", "Shepherd, Robert", "Smith, Emma-Jane", "Chapple, Christopher R", "Stenzl, Arnulf", "Van Poppel, Hendrik", "Wirth, Manfred", "Sonksen, Jens", "N'Dow, James"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376137", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is unlike anything seen before by modern science-based medicine. Health systems across the world are struggling to manage it. Added to this struggle are the effects of social confinement and isolation. This brings into question whether the latest guidelines are relevant in this crisis. We aim to support urologists in this difficult situation by providing tools that can facilitate decision making, and to minimise the impact and risks for both patients and health professionals delivering urological care, whenever possible. We hope that the revised recommendations will assist urologist surgeons across the globe to guide the management of urological conditions during the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32334041, "pmcid": "PMC7174980", "title": "Infection Prevention and Control in Perioperative Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol from a Tertiary General Hospital.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Du, Zhe", "Wang, Tianbing"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334041", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32150752, "title": "Annals On Call - Understanding the Spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Centor, Robert M", "Fisman, David N"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32150752", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398343, "title": "Should azithromycin be used to treat COVID-19? A rapid review.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Gbinigie, Kome", "Frie, Kerstin"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398343", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are no established effective treatments for COVID-19. While novel drugs are being developed, azithromycin has been identified as a candidate treatment in the interim. To review the evidence for the effectiveness and safety of azithromycin in treating COVID-19. A rapid review of the literature was conducted. Electronic searches were conducted on 16 April 2020 of PubMed, TRIP, EPPI COVID Living Map, MedRxiv, GoogleScholar, and Google. In vivo and in vitro studies were included assessing the safety and effectiveness of azithromycin for treatment of COVID-19, and/or the activity of azithromycin against SARS-CoV-2. In vivo studies needed to include a comparator group. Three studies were identified, two in vitro and one in vivo, which were suitable for inclusion. All three were published as pre-prints. The in vitro studies revealed conflicting results, with one finding anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity for azithromycin alone, while the other found activity against SARS-CoV-2 only when azithromycin was combined with hydroxychloroquine. A small trial of 36 patients, with high risk of bias, found superior viral clearance in patients with COVID-19 treated with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine combined, compared with hydroxychloroquine alone. There is no evidence to support the use of azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 outside of the context of clinical trials, unless it is used to treat bacterial super-infection. There is extremely limited evidence of a possible synergy between azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. The adverse events profile of azithromycin in the context of COVID-19 has not yet been established. Well-conducted clinical trials are urgently needed in this area."}, {"pmid": 32531626, "pmcid": "PMC7260512", "title": "Domestic Abuse during COVID-19: What about the boys?", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Warburton, Emma", "Raniolo, Georgia"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531626", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348588, "pmcid": "PMC7267177", "title": "COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review.", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Pascarella, Giuseppe", "Strumia, Alessandro", "Piliego, Chiara", "Bruno, Federica", "Del Buono, Romualdo", "Costa, Fabio", "Scarlata, Simone", "Agro, Felice Eugenio"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348588", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, a novel coronavirus from the same family as SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, has spread worldwide leading the World Health Organization to declare a pandemic. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), presents flu-like symptoms which can become serious in high-risk individuals. Here, we provide an overview of the known clinical features and treatment options for COVID-19. We carried out a systematic literature search using the main online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, UpToDate, Embase and Web of Science) with the following keywords: 'COVID-19', '2019-nCoV', 'coronavirus' and 'SARS-CoV-2'. We included publications from 1 January 2019 to 3 April 2020 which focused on clinical features and treatments. We found that infection is transmitted from human to human and through contact with contaminated environmental surfaces. Hand hygiene is fundamental to prevent contamination. Wearing personal protective equipment is recommended in specific environments. The main symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, fatigue, slight dyspnoea, sore throat, headache, conjunctivitis and gastrointestinal issues. Real-time PCR is used as a diagnostic tool using nasal swab, tracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Computed tomography findings are important for both diagnosis and follow-up. To date, there is no evidence of any effective treatment for COVID-19. The main therapies being used to treat the disease are antiviral drugs, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and respiratory therapy. In conclusion, although many therapies have been proposed, quarantine is the only intervention that appears to be effective in decreasing the contagion rate. Specifically designed randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the most appropriate evidence-based treatment modality."}, {"pmid": 32159234, "pmcid": "PMC7228230", "title": "Identification of coronavirus sequences in carp cDNA from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Conway, Michael J"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159234", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus sequences were identified in two separate complementary DNA (cDNA) pools. The first pool was from a Carassius auratus (crusian carp) cell line and the second was from Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) head kidney tissue. BLAST analysis suggests that these sequences belong to SARS-like coronaviruses, and that they are not evolutionarily conserved in other species. Investigation of the submitting laboratories revealed that two laboratories from the Institute of Hydrobiology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Wuhan, China performed the research and submitted the cDNA libraries to GenBank. This institution is very close in proximity to the Wuhan South China Seafood Wholesale Market where SARS-CoV-2 first amplified in the human population. It is possible that these sequences are an artifact of the bioinformatics pipeline that was used. It is also possible that SARS-like coronaviruses are a common environmental pathogen in the region that may be in aquatic habitats."}, {"pmid": 32473603, "title": "Maternal mortality from COVID-19 in Mexico.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Lumbreras-Marquez, Mario Isaac", "Campos-Zamora, Melissa", "Lizaola-Diaz de Leon, Heriberto", "Farber, Michaela Kristina"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473603", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the deadliest pandemic to occur in this century. Common symptoms of COVID-19 include cough, myalgia, fever, chest pain, and headache. However, its clinical presentation ranges from completely asymptomatic to acute respiratory distress syndrome.[1] Pregnant women are susceptible to community spread of COVID-19 because they cannot postpone interactions with healthcare professionals and other women receiving obstetric care."}, {"pmid": 32475831, "title": "Clinical course of COVID-19 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus under long-term treatment with hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Carbillon, Lionel", "Benbara, Amelie", "Boujenah, Jeremy"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475831", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379308, "pmcid": "PMC7239194", "title": "Multivessel spontaneous coronary artery dissection presenting in a patient with severe acute SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Fernandez Gasso, Lucia", "Maneiro Melon, Nicolas M", "Sarnago Cebada, Fernando", "Solis, Jorge", "Garcia Tejada, Julio"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379308", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317277, "pmcid": "PMC7234275", "title": "Redesign of a rural emergency department to prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Patey, Christopher", "Asghari, Shabnam", "Norman, Paul", "Hurley, Oliver"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317277", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386473, "title": "Postoperative fever in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Surg", "authors": ["Bourget-Murray, Jonathan", "Heard, Bryan J", "Bansal, Rohit", "Johnson, Andrew S", "Powell, James"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386473", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Postoperative fever is common following orthopedic trauma surgery. As the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection increases in the community, migration into the acute care hospital setting intensifies, creating confusion when fever develops postoperatively. The transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 make it difficult to adequately gauge and pinpoint risk groups with questionnaires at the time of hospital admission. This is particularly problematic when asymptomatic or presymptomatic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 require urgent surgery and cannot be screened effectively. One approach is to treat every patient as though they were SARS-CoV-2-positive in preparation for surgery, but doing so could exacerbate shortages of personal protective equipment and staffing limitations. Uncertainty regarding the etiology of postoperative fever could be significantly reduced by universal SARS-CoV-2 testing of all surgical patients at the time of hospital admission in addition to routine screening, but testing capacity and a rapid turnaround time would be required."}, {"pmid": 32343767, "pmcid": "PMC7192360", "title": "This Time Must Be Different: Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343767", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519664, "title": "Reply to a Comment about the Article Published in Acta Med Port 2020; Apr 27; doi:10.20344/amp.13928.", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Nogueira, Paulo Jorge", "De Araujo Nobre, Miguel", "Nicola, Paulo Jorge", "Furtado, Cristina", "Vaz Carneiro, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519664", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372811, "pmcid": "PMC7194715", "title": "Concern coronavirus may trigger post-viral fatigue syndromes.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Wilson, Clare"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372811", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32195699, "pmcid": "PMC7155907", "title": "Perioperative Management of Patients Infected with the Novel Coronavirus: Recommendation from the Joint Task Force of the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology and the Chinese Association of Anesthesiologists.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Chen, Xiangdong", "Liu, Yanhong", "Gong, Yahong", "Guo, Xiangyang", "Zuo, Mingzhang", "Li, Jun", "Shi, Wenzhu", "Li, Hao", "Xu, Xiaohan", "Mi, Weidong", "Huang, Yuguang"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195699", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the new Coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has been involved in 77,262 cases in China as well as in 27 other countries as of February 24, 2020. Because the virus is novel to human beings, and there is no vaccine yet available, every individual is susceptible and can become infected. Healthcare workers are at high risk, and unfortunately, more than 3,000 healthcare workers in China have been infected. Anesthesiologists are among healthcare workers who are at an even higher risk of becoming infected because of their close contact with infected patients and high potential of exposure to respiratory droplets or aerosol from their patients' airways. In order to provide healthcare workers with updated recommendations on the management of patients in the perioperative setting as well as for emergency airway management outside of the operating room, the two largest anesthesia societies, the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology (CSA) and the Chinese Association of Anesthesiologists (CAA) have formed a task force to produce the recommendations. The task force hopes to help healthcare workers, particularly anesthesiologists, optimize the care of their patients and protect patients, healthcare workers, and the public from becoming infected. The recommendations were created mainly based on the practice and experience of anesthesiologists who provide care to patients in China. Therefore, adoption of these recommendations outside of China must be done with caution, and the local environment, culture, uniqueness of the healthcare system, and patients' needs should be considered. The task force will continuously update the recommendations and incorporate new information in future versions."}, {"pmid": 32371477, "pmcid": "PMC7200009", "title": "Rapid implementation of mobile technology for real-time epidemiology of COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Drew, David A", "Nguyen, Long H", "Steves, Claire J", "Menni, Cristina", "Freydin, Maxim", "Varsavsky, Thomas", "Sudre, Carole H", "Cardoso, M Jorge", "Ourselin, Sebastien", "Wolf, Jonathan", "Spector, Tim D", "Chan, Andrew T"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371477", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid pace of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic (COVID-19) presents challenges to the robust collection of population-scale data to address this global health crisis. We established the COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) consortium to bring together scientists with expertise in big data research and epidemiology to develop a COVID-19 Symptom Tracker mobile application that we launched in the UK on March 24, 2020 and the US on March 29, 2020 garnering more than 2.8 million users as of May 2, 2020. This mobile application offers data on risk factors, herald symptoms, clinical outcomes, and geographical hot spots. This initiative offers critical proof-of-concept for the repurposing of existing approaches to enable rapidly scalable epidemiologic data collection and analysis which is critical for a data-driven response to this public health challenge."}, {"pmid": 32503062, "title": "Will We Miss the Opportunity Again?", "journal": "Homeopathy", "authors": ["Oberbaum, Menachem"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503062", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a new coronavirus, first appeared in late 2019. What initially seemed to be a mild influenza quickly revealed itself as a serious and highly contagious disease, and the planet was soon faced with a significant morbidity and mortality associated with this pathogen. For homeopathy, shunned during its 200 years of existence by conventional medicine, this outbreak is a key opportunity to show potentially the contribution it can make in treating COVID-19 patients. This should be done through performance of impeccably controlled, prospective, randomized clinical trials, with publication of their findings in well-ranked conventional medicine journals. If the homeopathy community fails to take advantage of this rare opportunity, it might wait another century for the next major pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32317306, "title": "Increased Risk for Family Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Humphreys, Kathryn L", "Myint, Myo Thwin", "Zeanah, Charles H"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405418, "pmcid": "PMC7219377", "title": "Report of 5 nurses infecting COVID-19 during patient care: case Series.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Gheysarzadeh, Ali", "Sadeghifard, Nourkhoda", "Safari, Maryam", "Balavandi, Firooz", "Falahi, Shahab", "Kenarkoohi, Azra", "Tavan, Hamed"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405418", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The high prevalence of COVID-19 has been paied lots of attention all over the world. Nurses are in the first line against this infection and they placed in a high-risk situation. This study aimed to report COVID-19 infection during patients care among nures in the Mostafa Khomini Hospital, Ilam, Iran. In this hospital 125 nurses were enrolled in COVID-19 center. In the present study 5 out of 125 nurses (4%) who enrolled in COVID-19 infection center, were infected with COVID-19. They were first positive for real-time PCR but the CT scan was positive for just one of them. None of the infected nurses were hospitalized and all of them preferred to be quarantine at home and receive the necessary care and treatment (Oseltamivir, Azithromycin and Kaletra. This study showed that regardless of self caring, the nurses were exposed to COVID-19. Because at the the beginning of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Iran, there were no special protection against this infection.Therfore they were at risk for the COVID-19.This study also reported that receiving the necessary care and treatment at home was a good experience for nurses that can be used in some cases."}, {"pmid": 32400235, "title": "The role of lower respiratory tract samples in the diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Williams, Tom G S", "Snell, Luke B", "Taj, Usman", "Douthwaite, Sam T"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400235", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436743, "title": "Family planning: an essential health activity in the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care", "authors": ["Bahamondes, Luis", "Makuch, Maria Y"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436743", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518072, "title": "Culture-based virus isolation to evaluate potential infectivity of clinical specimens tested for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Huang, Chung-Guei", "Lee, Kuo-Ming", "Hsiao, Mei-Jen", "Yang, Shu-Li", "Huang, Peng-Nien", "Gong, Yu-Nong", "Hsieh, Tzu-Hsuan", "Huang, Po-Wei", "Lin, Ya-Jhu", "Liu, Yi-Chun", "Tsao, Kuo-Chien", "Shih, Shin-Ru"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518072", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR is currently the most sensitive method to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the correlation between detectable viral RNA and culturable virus in clinical specimens remains unclear. Here, we performed virus culture for 60 specimens that were confirmed to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by real-time RT-PCR. The virus could be successfully isolated from 12 throat and nine nasopharyngeal swabs, and two from sputum specimens. The lowest copy number required for virus isolation was determined to be 5.4, 6.0, and 5.7 log10 genome copies/mL sample for detecting the nsp12, E, and N gene, respectively. We further examined the correlation of genome copy number and virus isolation in different regions of the viral genome, demonstrating that culturable specimens are characterized by high copy numbers with a linear correlation observed between copy numbers of amplicons targeting structural and non-structural regions. Overall, these results indicate that in addition to the copy number, the integrity of the viral genome should be considered when evaluating the infectivity of clinical SARS-CoV-2 specimens."}, {"pmid": 32395494, "pmcid": "PMC7210135", "title": "Deep learning for detecting corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on high-resolution computed tomography: a pilot study.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Yang, Shuyi", "Jiang, Longquan", "Cao, Zhuoqun", "Wang, Liya", "Cao, Jiawang", "Feng, Rui", "Zhang, Zhiyong", "Xue, Xiangyang", "Shi, Yuxin", "Shan, Fei"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395494", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Densely Connected Convolutional Networks (DenseNet) for detection of COVID-19 features on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). The Ethic Committee of our institution approved the protocol of this study and waived the requirement for patient informed consent. Two hundreds and ninety-five patients were enrolled in this study (healthy person: 149; COVID-19 patients: 146), which were divided into three separate non-overlapping cohorts (training set, n=135, healthy person, n=69, patients, n=66; validation set, n=20, healthy person, n=10, patients, n=10; test set, n=140, healthy person, n=70, patients, n=70). The DenseNet was trained and tested to classify the images as having manifestation of COVID-19 or as healthy. A radiologist also blindly evaluated all the test images and rechecked the misdiagnosed cases by DenseNet. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and areas under the curve (AUCs) were used to assess the model performance. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of DenseNet model and radiologist were also calculated. The DenseNet algorithm model yielded an AUC of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.958-1.0) in the validation set and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.972-0.995) in the test set. The threshold value was selected as 0.8, while for validation and test sets, the accuracies were 95% and 92%, the sensitivities were 100% and 97%, the specificities were 90% and 87%, and the F1 values were 95% and 93%, respectively. The sensitivity of radiologist was 94%, the specificity was 96%, while the accuracy was 95%. Deep learning (DL) with DenseNet can accurately classify COVID-19 on HRCT with an AUC of 0.98, which can reduce the miss diagnosis rate (combined with radiologists' evaluation) and radiologists' workload."}, {"pmid": 32427018, "title": "Several neonates reported positive for COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Jones, Joshua", "Jones, Stephen", "Jones, Vinci"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427018", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383762, "pmcid": "PMC7239125", "title": "COVID-19 and congenital heart disease in perspective.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Gatzoulis, Michael A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383762", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368797, "pmcid": "PMC7267416", "title": "Rethinking the role of senior medical students in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Wang, Jim H-S", "Tan, Sarah", "Raubenheimer, Kyle"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368797", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500828, "title": "Preparation for attending delivery of a positive/suspected COVID-19 mother - practical tips for neonatal teams.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Buchiboyina, Ashok", "Trawber, Rory", "Mehta, Shailender"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500828", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345001, "title": "Recommendations to the government following the declaration of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345001", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515570, "title": "Guidance for anticoagulation management in venous thromboembolism during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Poland: an expert opinion of the Section on Pulmonary Circulation of the Polish Cardiac Society.", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Kosior, Dariusz A", "Undas, Anetta", "Kopec, Grzegorz", "Hryniewiecki, Tomasz", "Torbicki, Adam", "Mularek-Kubzdela, Tatiana", "Windyga, Jerzy", "Pruszczyk, Piotr"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515570", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID -19 pandemic affects anticoagulantion not only for those infected with SARS-CoV-2, but also for most patients who require daily anticoagulant therapy and are facing substantial limitations in medical care these days. Concomitant venous thromboembolism (VTE), a potential cause of unexplained deaths, has frequently been reported in COVID-19 cases, but its management is still challenging due to the complexity between antithrombotic therapy and hematological alterations. In the era of COVID-19 pandemic is strongly recommended for patients who require chronic anticoagulation to continue therapy to prevent thromboembolic events. To avoid regular and frequent blood tests and unnecessary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during contacts with medical personnel DOACs should be strongly preferred whenever possible. Current evidence is insufficient to recommend routine pharmacological antithrombotic prophylaxis in all hospitalized patients with COVID-19. In COVID-19 patients suspected for VTE or in whom the diagnosis is confirmed parenteral therapy with LMWH should be initiated in the absence of contraindications. If heparin induced thrombocytopenia is suspected, nonheparin anticoagulants should be used such as bivalirudin or fondaparinux. When acute pulmonary embolism is confirmed, treatment should be guided by risk stratification as defined in the current guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32162081, "pmcid": "PMC7080075", "title": "Chest computed tomography in children with COVID-19 respiratory infection.", "journal": "Pediatr Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Wei", "Cui, Huaqian", "Li, Kunwei", "Fang, Yijie", "Li, Shaolin"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162081", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with COVID-19 is currently rare in children. To describe chest CT findings in children with COVID-19. We studied children at a large tertiary-care hospital in China, during the period from 28 January 2019 to 8 February 2020, who had positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for COVID-19. We recorded findings at any chest CT performed in the included children, along with core clinical observations. We included five children from 10\u00a0months to 6\u00a0years of age (mean 3.4\u00a0years). All had had at least one CT scan after admission. Three of these five had CT abnormality on the first CT scan (at 2\u00a0days, 4\u00a0days and 9\u00a0days, respectively, after onset of symptoms) in the form of patchy ground-glass opacities; all normalised during treatment. Compared to reports in adults, we found similar but more modest lung abnormalities at CT in our small paediatric cohort."}, {"pmid": 32464272, "pmcid": "PMC7247991", "title": "Uganda's First 100 COVID-19 Cases: Trends and Lessons.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Olum, Ronald", "Bongomin, Felix"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464272", "countries": ["Uganda"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293555, "pmcid": "PMC7205546", "title": "Coronavirus disease: challenges for psychiatry.", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kelly, Brendan D"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293555", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents two urgent health problems: the illness caused by the virus itself and the anxiety, panic and psychological problems associated with the pandemic. Both problems present substantial challenges for our patients, their families, our multidisciplinary teams and our psychiatrist colleagues. We need good psychiatry, now more than ever."}, {"pmid": 32311136, "title": "All People.", "journal": "Hastings Cent Rep", "authors": ["Kaebnick, Greg"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311136", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early March 2020, the March-April Hastings Center Report was very nearly assembled and contained nothing about Covid-19, which was still just beginning to make itself publicly known in the United States. Two weeks later, the editorial line-up was undergoing a remix, and essays that lay out sweeping agendas for the response to the worldwide crisis were in preparation. The central theme in the agenda that Lawrence O. Gostin and colleagues develop is that the pandemic requires a sharp break from usual ethical norms yet simultaneously demands a return to core ethical commitments. A similar theme is sounded by Mildred Z. Solomon and colleagues in a commentary calling for federal actions to keep the health care system functioning. Other essays in the issue take up an assortment of topical issues-including international patient dumping-that were simmering along prior to the pandemic, and the two articles take up foundational questions about the nature of moral reasoning."}, {"pmid": 32296817, "pmcid": "PMC7184504", "title": "Importance of inclusion of pregnant and breastfeeding women in COVID-19 therapeutic trials.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["LaCourse, Sylvia M", "John-Stewart, Grace", "Adams Waldorf, Kristina M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296817", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Investigators are employing unprecedented innovation in the design of clinical trials to rapidly and rigorously assess potentially promising therapies for COVID-19; this is in stark contrast to the continued near universal regressive practice of exclusion of pregnant and breastfeeding women from these trials. The few trials which allow their inclusion focus on post-exposure prophylaxis or outpatient treatment of milder disease, limiting the options available to pregnant women with severe COVID-19 to compassionate use of remdesivir, or off-label drug use of hydroxychloroquine or other therapies. These restrictions were put in place despite experience with these drugs in pregnant women. In this Viewpoint, we call attention to the need and urgency to engage pregnant women in COVID-19 treatment trials now in order to develop data-driven recommendations regarding the risks and benefits of therapies in this unique but not uncommon population."}, {"pmid": 32426068, "pmcid": "PMC7230141", "title": "Mechanisms of neurological injury in COVID -19.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Lal, Amos", "Sahu, Kamal Kant", "George, Anu Anna", "Sargent, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426068", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395012, "pmcid": "PMC7212734", "title": "Planning and pandemics COVID 19 illuminates why urban planners should have listened to food advocates all along.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Raja, Samina"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395012", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499160, "pmcid": "PMC7260564", "title": "Resilience in the time of pandemic: The experience of community pharmacists during COVID-19.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Austin, Zubin", "Gregory, Paul"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499160", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant disruption of the practice of pharmacy. Importantly, in many parts of the world, this disruption occurred literally overnight, requiring pharmacists to demonstrate significant adaptability and resiliency in order to manage continuing and in some cases expanding needs of patients. The objective of this research was to characterize how community pharmacy in Ontario (Canada) responded to the COVID-19 pandemic of winter/spring 2020, in particula in understanding what factors may influence or predict resiliency of individual practitioners and their workplaces. One-on-one interviews mediated through technology (Microsoft Teams) were used, following a semi-structured interview protocol. Verbatim transcripts were produced and analyzed by two independent researchers, using an inductive coding process to identify and characterize themes. A total of 21 pharmacists participated in this study. Six themes were identified: a) use of and comfort with technology; b) early adoption of corporate and professional guidance; c) workplaces that emphasized task-focus rather than multi-tasking were more resilient; d) scheduling methods and practices in the workplace are important for personal resilience; e) dedicated specialty staff allowed pharmacists to focus on their work; and f) provision of personal protective equipment was essential. Traditionally, resilience in professional practice has been characterized as a personal, not a workplace, issue. This study suggests that personal resiliency for pharmacists requires substantial workplace support; further work in this area is required to better understand how pharmacists adapt to complex and difficult situations such as pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32510164, "title": "A novel risk score to predict diagnosis with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in suspected patients: A retrospective, multi-center, observational study.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Huang, Dong", "Wang, Ting", "Chen, Zhu", "Yang, Huan", "Yao, Rong", "Liang, Zongan"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510164", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the study was to explore a novel risk score to predict diagnosis with COVID-19 among all suspected patients at admission. This was a retrospective, multi-center, observational study. The clinical data of all suspected patients were analyzed. Independent risk factors were identified via multivariate logistic regression analysis. Finally, 336 confirmed COVID-19 patients and 139 control patients were included. We found nine independent risk factors for diagnosis with COVID-19 at admission to hospital: epidemiological exposure histories (OR:13.32, 95%CI 6.39-27.75), weakness/fatigue (OR:4.51, 95%CI 1.70-11.96), heart rate <100 beat/min (OR:3.80, 95%CI 2.00-7.22), bilateral pneumonia (OR:3.60, 95%CI 1.83-7.10), neutrophil count \u22646.3\u00d7109 /L (OR: 6.77, 95%CI 2.52-18.19), eosinophil count \u22640.02\u00d7109 /L (OR:3.14, 95%CI 1.58-6.22), glucose \u22656 mmol/L (OR:2.43, 95%CI 1.04-5.66), D-dimer \u22650.5 mg/L (OR:3.49, 95%CI 1.22-9.96), and C-reactive protein <5 mg/L (OR:3.83, 95%CI 1.86-7.92). As for the performance of this risk score, a cut-off value of 20 (specificity: 0.866, sensitivity: 0.813) was identified to predict COVID-19 according to ROC curve and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.921 (95%CI: 0.896-0.945, p<0.01). We designed a novel risk score which might have a promising predictive capacity for diagnosis with COVID-19 among suspected patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32403159, "pmcid": "PMC7272996", "title": "Comment on: Coronavirus 2019 in Geriatrics and Long-Term Care: The ABCDs of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Lopez, Ruth Palan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403159", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447373, "title": "Construction of 5G all-wireless network and information system for cabin hospitals.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Zhou, Bin", "Wu, Qing", "Zhao, Xuefei", "Zhang, Wenchao", "Wu, Wenjun", "Guo, Zi"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447373", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, China, in early 2020. In an effort to curb the spread of the epidemic, the government has requisitioned a variety of venues and plant buildings and built more than 20 cabin hospitals to receive patients with mild symptoms within 48 hours. Under this circumstance, we worked out a 5G all-wireless solution to divide the overall network system of the cabin hospital into multiple network units by function. While ensuring good signal coverage of the local unit, each network unit was independently connected to the host hospital's data center over a virtual private network (VPN) tunnel built on the 5G wireless network. Our successful experience with the application of this 5G + VPN all-wireless network system well points to the bright prospect of 5G wireless network. In addition, the 5G + VPN solution can also be used for multihospital network interconnection and rapid network recovery during the failure of wired network."}, {"pmid": 32488235, "title": "House Calls for Stem Cell Transplants During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Blood", "authors": ["Sung, Anthony D", "R Nichols, Krista", "Chao, Nelson J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488235", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416527, "pmcid": "PMC7211739", "title": "Coping with diabetes during the COVID - 19 lockdown in India: Results of an online pilot survey.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Nachimuthu, Sukanya", "Vijayalakshmi, R", "Sudha, M", "Viswanathan, Vijay"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416527", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The management of diabetes has become a challenge due to the COVID 19 lockdown. An online-based pilot survey was conducted to study how people with diabetes were coping with their Diabetes during the COVID - 19 lockdown. The questions were designed in an online survey, Survey Monkey, to conduct this cross-sectional study. The link was generated and sent to 100 registered patients of the MV Hospital for Diabetes Royapuram who had not contacted the hospital after the lockdown announcement. The survey was done between April 1 and April 15, 2020.Oral consent was obtained through telephone before the link was sent by Whatsapp to them.The questionnaire consisted of questions on home blood glucose monitoring, regularity in doing their physical activity and dietary compliance and anxiety about the viral infection. 92% of the participants had Type 2 diabetes. Only 28% of the participants were checking their blood glucose levels regularly. 80% of the participants mentioned that they were following regular exercise and diet control during the lockdown period. 40% of the participants were anxious about the Covid infection. SMBG needs to be practiced on regular basis, especially among the patients with diabetes on insulin therapy. Most of the people surveyed were coping well with their Diabetes. Patients have reported that they were able to maintain proper dietary compliance and be more physically active at home during this lockdown. These findings need to be ascertained in larger sample of patients."}, {"pmid": 32402207, "title": "Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19: Interpreting the Current Epidemiology.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Wunsch, Hannah"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402207", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426171, "pmcid": "PMC7229466", "title": "Physical activity recommendations during the coronavirus disease-2019 virus outbreak.", "journal": "J Sport Health Sci", "authors": ["Jurak, Gregor", "Morrison, Shawnda A", "Leskosek, Bojan", "Kovac, Marjeta", "Hadzic, Vedran", "Vodicar, Janez", "Truden, Polonca", "Starc, Gregor"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426171", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442422, "pmcid": "PMC7237364", "title": "Horizontal transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to a premature infant: multiple organ injury and association with markers of inflammation.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Cook, James", "Harman, Katharine", "Zoica, Bogdana", "Verma, Anita", "D'Silva, Pam", "Gupta, Atul"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442422", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343504, "pmcid": "PMC7207073", "title": "Large-Vessel Stroke as a Presenting Feature of Covid-19 in the Young.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Oxley, Thomas J", "Mocco, J", "Majidi, Shahram", "Kellner, Christopher P", "Shoirah, Hazem", "Singh, I Paul", "De Leacy, Reade A", "Shigematsu, Tomoyoshi", "Ladner, Travis R", "Yaeger, Kurt A", "Skliut, Maryna", "Weinberger, Jesse", "Dangayach, Neha S", "Bederson, Joshua B", "Tuhrim, Stanley", "Fifi, Johanna T"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343504", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449648, "title": "Caregiving in Times of Uncertainty: Helping Adult Children of Aging Parents Find Support during the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Lightfoot, Elizabeth", "Moone, Rajean P"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449648", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, which is especially dangerous to older people, has disrupted the lives of older people and their family caregivers. This commentary outlines the adaptive and emerging practices in formal supportive services for family caregivers, the changing types of support that family caregivers are providing to their older relatives, and the ways family caregivers are seeking informal caregiving support during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32283073, "pmcid": "PMC7151436", "title": "Care of the pregnant woman with coronavirus disease 2019 in labor and delivery: anesthesia, emergency cesarean delivery, differential diagnosis in the acutely ill parturient, care of the newborn, and protection of the healthcare personnel.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Ashokka, Balakrishnan", "Loh, May-Han", "Tan, Cher Heng", "Su, Lin Lin", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Lye, David Chien", "Biswas, Arijit", "Illanes, Sebastian E", "Choolani, Mahesh"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283073", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. As the pandemic evolves rapidly, there are data emerging to suggest that pregnant women diagnosed as having coronavirus disease 2019 can have severe morbidities (up to 9%). This is in contrast to earlier data that showed good maternal and neonatal outcomes. Clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 include features of acute respiratory illnesses. Typical radiologic findings consists of patchy infiltrates on chest radiograph and ground glass opacities on computed tomography scan of the chest. Patients who are pregnant may present with atypical features such as the absence of fever as well as leukocytosis. Confirmation of coronavirus disease 2019 is by reverse transcriptase-polymerized chain reaction from upper airway swabs. When the reverse transcriptase-polymerized chain reaction test result is negative in suspect cases, chest imaging should be considered. A pregnant woman with coronavirus disease 2019 is at the greatest risk when she is in labor, especially if she is acutely ill. We present an algorithm of care for the acutely ill parturient and guidelines for the protection of the healthcare team who is caring for the patient. Key decisions are made based on the presence of maternal and/or fetal compromise, adequacy of maternal oxygenation (SpO2 >93%) and stability of maternal blood pressure. Although vertical transmission is unlikely, there must be measures in place to prevent neonatal infections. Routine birth processes such as delayed cord clamping and skin-to-skin bonding between mother and newborn need to be revised. Considerations can be made to allow the use of screened donated breast milk from mothers who are free of coronavirus disease 2019. We present management strategies derived from best available evidence to provide guidance in caring for the high-risk and acutely ill parturient. These include protection of the healthcare workers caring for the coronavirus disease 2019 gravida, establishing a diagnosis in symptomatic cases, deciding between reverse transcriptase-polymerized chain reaction and chest imaging, and management of the unwell parturient."}, {"pmid": 32347963, "title": "An independent appraisal and re-analysis of hydroxychloroquine treatment trial for COVID-19.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Intson, Katheron", "Kumar, Sachin", "Botta, Amy", "Neckles, Rachael", "Leung, Connie", "Jawaid, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347963", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522814, "title": "The good, the bad and the ugly: pandemic priority decisions and triage.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Flaatten, Hans", "Van Heerden, Vernon", "Jung, Christian", "Beil, Michael", "Leaver, Susannah", "Rhodes, Andrew", "Guidet, Bertrand", "deLange, Dylan W"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522814", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this analysis we discuss the change in criteria for triage of patients during three different phases of a pandemic like COVID-19, seen from the critical care point of view. Availability of critical care beds has become a hot topic, and in many countries, we have seen a huge increase in the provision of temporary intensive care bed capacity. However, there is a limit where the hospitals may run out of resources to provide critical care, which is heavily dependent on trained staff, just-in-time supply chains for clinical consumables and drugs and advanced equipment. In the first (good) phase, we can still do clinical prioritisation and decision-making as usual, based on the need for intensive care and prognostication: what are the odds for a good result with regard to survival and quality of life. In the next (bad phase), the resources are mostly available, but the system is stressed by many patients arriving over a short time period and auxiliary beds in different places in the hospital being used. We may have to abandon admittance of patients with doubtful prognosis. In the last (ugly) phase, usual medical triage and priority setting may not be sufficient to decrease inflow and there may not be enough intensive care unit beds available. In this phase different criteria must be applied using a utilitarian approach for triage. We argue that this is an important transition where society, and not physicians, must provide guidance to support triage that is no longer based on medical priorities alone."}, {"pmid": 32302675, "pmcid": "PMC7156246", "title": "Comparative computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein epitopes in taxonomically related coronaviruses.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Tilocca, Bruno", "Soggiu, Alessio", "Sanguinetti, Maurizio", "Musella, Vincenzo", "Britti, Domenico", "Bonizzi, Luigi", "Urbani, Andrea", "Roncada, Paola"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302675", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several research lines are currently ongoing to address the multitude of facets of the pandemic COVID-19. In line with the One-Health concept, extending the target of the studies to the animals which humans are continuously interacting with may favor a better understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 biology and pathogenetic mechanisms; thus, helping to adopt the most suitable containment measures. The last two decades have already faced severe manifestations of the coronavirus infection in both humans and animals, thus, circulating epitopes from previous outbreaks might confer partial protection from SARS-CoV-2 infections. In the present study, we provide an in-silico survey of the major nucleocapsid protein epitopes and compare them with the homologues of taxonomically-related coronaviruses with tropism for animal species that are closely inter-related with the human beings population all over the world. Protein sequence alignment provides evidence of high sequence homology for some of the investigated proteins. Moreover, structural epitope mapping by homology modelling revealed a potential immunogenic value also for specific sequences scoring a lower identity with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins. These evidence provide a molecular structural rationale for a potential role in conferring protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and identifying potential candidates for the development of diagnostic tools and prophylactic-oriented strategies."}, {"pmid": 32410238, "pmcid": "PMC7272875", "title": "Readaptation of surgical practice during COVID-19 outbreak: what has been done, what is missing and what to expect.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Berardi, G", "Levi Sandri, G B", "Colasanti, M", "Ettorre, G M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410238", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275784, "pmcid": "PMC7262294", "title": "Telemedicine in Liver Disease and Beyond: Can the COVID-19 Crisis Lead to Action?", "journal": "Hepatology", "authors": ["Serper, Marina", "Cubell, Allen W", "Deleener, Mary Elisabeth", "Casher, Tara K", "Rosenberg, Dale J", "Whitebloom, Dale", "Rosin, Roy M"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275784", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evidence strongly supports that access to specialty gastroenterology or hepatology care in cirrhosis is associated with higher adherence to guideline-recommended care and improves clinical outcomes. Presently, only about one half of acute care hospitalizations for cirrhosis-related complications result in inpatient specialty care and the current hepatology workforce cannot meet the demand of patients with liver disease nationwide, particularly in less densely populated areas and in community-based practices not affiliated with academic centers. Telemedicine, defined as the delivery of health care services at a distance using electronic means for diagnosis and treatment, holds tremendous promise to increase access to broadly specialty care. The technology is cheap and easy to use, however, is presently limited in scale by interstate licensing restrictions and reimbursement barriers. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has, in the short-term, accelerated the growth of telemedicine delivery as a public health and social distancing measure. Herein, we examine whether this public health crisis can accelerate the national conversation about broader adoption of telemedicine for routine medical care in non-crisis situations using a case series from our telehepatology program as a pragmatic example."}, {"pmid": 32486403, "title": "Spatial Statistics and Influencing Factors of the COVID-19 Epidemic at Both Prefecture and County Levels in Hubei Province, China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Xiong, Yongzhu", "Wang, Yunpeng", "Chen, Feng", "Zhu, Mingyong"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486403", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has had a crucial influence on people's lives and socio-economic development throughout China and across the globe since December 2019. An understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of the COVID-19 epidemic on multiple scales could benefit the control of the outbreak. Therefore, we used spatial autocorrelation and Spearman's rank correlation methods to investigate these two topics, respectively. The COVID-19 epidemic data reported publicly and relevant open data in Hubei province were analyzed. The results showed that (1) at both prefecture and county levels, the global spatial autocorrelation was extremely significant for the cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases (CCC) in Hubei province from 30 January to 18 February 2020. Further, (2) at both levels, the significant hotspot and cluster/outlier area was observed solely in Wuhan city and most of its districts/sub-cities from 30 January to 18 February 2020. (3) At the prefecture level in Hubei province, the number of CCC had a positive and extremely significant correlation (p < 0.01) with the registered population (RGP), resident population (RSP), Baidu migration index (BMI), regional gross domestic production (GDP), and total retail sales of consumer goods (TRS), respectively, from 29 January to 18 February 2020 and had a negative and significant correlation (p < 0.05) with minimum elevation (MINE) from 2 February to 18 February 2020, but no association with the land area (LA), population density (PD), maximum elevation (MAXE), mean elevation (MNE), and range of elevation (RAE) from 23 January to 18 February 2020. (4) At the county level, the number of CCC in Hubei province had a positive and extremely significant correlation (p < 0.01) with PD, RGP, RSP, GDP, and TRS, respectively, from 27 January to 18 February 2020, and was negatively associated with MINE, MAXE, MNE, and RAE, respectively, from 26 January to 18 February 2020, and negatively associated with LA from 30 January to 18 February 2020. It suggested that (1) the COVID-19 epidemic at both levels in Hubei province had evident characteristics of significant global spatial autocorrelations and significant centralized high-risk outbreaks, and had an extremely significant association with social and economic factors. (2) The COVID-19 epidemics were significantly associated with the natural factors, such as LA, MAXE, MNE, and RAE, -only at the county level, not at the prefecture level, from 2 February to 18 February 2020. (3) The COVID-19 epidemics were significantly related to the socioeconomic factors, such as RGP, RSP, TRS, and GDP, at both levels from 26 January to 18 February 2020. It is desired that this study enrich our understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of the COVID-19 epidemic and benefit classified prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic for policymakers."}, {"pmid": 32512241, "title": "Telemedicine in Neurosurgery: Lessons Learned and Transformation of Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Mouchtouris, Nikolaos", "Lavergne, Pascal", "Montenegro, Thiago S", "Gonzalez, Glenn", "Baldassari, Michael", "Sharan, Ashwini", "Jabbour, Pascal", "Harrop, James", "Rosenwasser, Robert", "Evans, James J"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512241", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine utilization was mostly used for postoperative visits only in neurosurgery. The shelter-in-place measures led the rapid expansion of telemedicine to address the needs of the neurosurgical patient population. Our goal is to determine the extent of adoption of telemedicine across tumor, vascular, spine and function neurosurgery and utilization for new patient visits. Single-center retrospective cohort study of patients who received neurosurgical care at a tertiary academic center from February to April 2020 was conducted. Patients evaluated from March to April 2019 were included for comparison. A total of 10,746 patients were included: 1247 patients underwent surgery, 8,742 were seen in clinic via an in-person outpatient visit and 757 were assessed via telemedicine during the study period. A 40-fold increase in the use of telemedicine was noted after the shelter-in-place measures were initiated with a significant increase in the mean number of patients evaluated via telemedicine per week across all divisions of neurosurgery (4.5\u00b10.9 to 180.4\u00b113.9, p<0.001). The majority of telemedicine appointments were established patient visits (61.2%), but the proportion of new patient visits also significantly increased to an average of 8.2\u00b15.3 per week across all divisions. Use of telemedicine drastically increased across all four divisions within neurosurgery with a significant increase in online-first encounters in order to meet the needs of our patients once the shelter-in-place measures were implemented. We provide a detailed account of the lessons learned and discuss the anticipated role of telemedicine in surgical practices once the shelter-in-place measures are lifted."}, {"pmid": 32382220, "pmcid": "PMC7177084", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: A pragmatic plan for Ayurveda Intervention.", "journal": "J Ayurveda Integr Med", "authors": ["Rastogi, Sanjeev", "Pandey, Deep Narayan", "Singh, Ram Harsh"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382220", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378276, "title": "To resume outpatient dermatologic surgery safely during stabilized period of coronavirus disease-2019: Experiences from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Yang, Liu", "Song, Zexing", "Qian, Yue", "Tao, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378276", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510756, "title": "Hyponatremia: A Possible Immuno-Neuroendocrine Interface with COVID-19 in a Kidney Transplant Recipient.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tantisattamo, Ekamol", "Reddy, Uttam G", "Duong, Dang K", "Ferrey, Antoney J", "Ichii, Hirohito", "Dafoe, Donald C", "Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510756", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is fast-emerging, cumulative clinical data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in kidney transplant recipients. Although respiratory tract symptoms are often the initial presentation among kidney transplant recipients who contract COVID-19, other clinical features which may indicate underlying SARS-CoV-2-related inflammation, such as gastrointestinal symptoms, are not uncommon. Hyponatremia can develop and may reflect underlying inflammation. Interferon-6 is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 complications and may play a role in the inappropriately higher secretion of antidiuretic hormone leading to hyponatremia. This pathway is the so-called immuno-neuroendocrine interface. Hyponatremia in COVID-19 has been reported in a few case series of non-kidney transplant patients and only one reported kidney transplant recipient. However, the clinical course and prognostic value of hyponatremia in this population is not described in detail. We report a kidney transplant recipient who was infected with COVID-19 and exhibited severe hyponatremia secondary to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Hyponatremia is one of the clinical presentations of COVID-19, although less common, and may occur more frequently in kidney transplant recipients. Thus the possible underlying immuno-neuroendocrine relationship related to the inflammatory process of COVID-19 leading to hyponatremia, and its prognostic value, are reviewed."}, {"pmid": 32259288, "pmcid": "PMC7262200", "title": "Caring for patients with pain during the COVID-19 pandemic: consensus recommendations from an international expert panel.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Shanthanna, H", "Strand, N H", "Provenzano, D A", "Lobo, C A", "Eldabe, S", "Bhatia, A", "Wegener, J", "Curtis, K", "Cohen, S P", "Narouze, S"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chronic pain causes significant suffering, limitation of daily activities and reduced quality of life. Infection from COVID-19 is responsible for an ongoing pandemic that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, leading to systemic complications and death. Led by the World Health Organization, healthcare systems across the world are engaged in limiting the spread of infection. As a result, all elective surgical procedures, outpatient procedures and patient visits, including pain management services, have been postponed or cancelled. This has affected the care of chronic pain patients. Most are elderly with multiple comorbidities, which puts them at risk of COVID-19 infection. Important considerations that need to be recognised during this pandemic for chronic pain patients include: ensuring continuity of care and pain medications, especially opioids; use of telemedicine; maintaining biopsychosocial management; use of anti-inflammatory drugs; use of steroids; and prioritising necessary procedural visits. There are no guidelines to inform physicians and healthcare providers engaged in caring for patients with pain during this period of crisis. We assembled an expert panel of pain physicians, psychologists and researchers from North America and Europe to formulate recommendations to guide practice. As the COVID-19 situation continues to evolve rapidly, these recommendations are based on the best available evidence and expert opinion at this present time and may need adapting to local workplace policies."}, {"pmid": 32521358, "title": "Protocol for a partially nested randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the scleroderma patient-centered intervention network COVID-19 home-isolation activities together (SPIN-CHAT) program to reduce anxiety among at-risk scleroderma patients.", "journal": "J Psychosom Res", "authors": ["Thombs, Brett D", "Kwakkenbos, Linda", "Carrier, Marie-Eve", "Bourgeault, Angelica", "Tao, Lydia", "Harb, Sami", "Gagarine, Maria", "Rice, Danielle", "Bustamante, Laura", "Ellis, Kelsey", "Duchek, Delaney", "Wu, Yin", "Bhandari, Parash Mani", "Neupane, Dipika", "Carboni-Jimenez, Andrea", "Henry, Richard S", "Krishnan, Ankur", "Sun, Ying", "Levis, Brooke", "He, Chen", "Turner, Kimberly A", "Benedetti, Andrea", "Culos-Reed, Nicole", "El-Baalbaki, Ghassan", "Hebblethwaite, Shannon", "Bartlett, Susan J", "Dyas, Laura", "Patten, Scott", "Varga, John"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521358", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Contagious disease outbreaks and related restrictions can lead to negative psychological outcomes, particularly in vulnerable populations at risk due to pre-existing medical conditions. No randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have tested interventions to reduce mental health consequences of contagious disease outbreaks. The primary objective of the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network COVID-19 Home-isolation Activities Together (SPIN-CHAT) Trial is to evaluate the effect of a videoconference-based program on symptoms of anxiety. Secondary objectives include evaluating effects on symptoms of depression, stress, loneliness, boredom, physical activity, and social interaction. The SPIN-CHAT Trial is a pragmatic RCT that will be conducted using the SPIN-COVID-19 Cohort, a sub-cohort of the SPIN Cohort. Eligible participants will be SPIN-COVID-19 Cohort participants without a positive COVID-19 test, with at least mild anxiety (PROMIS Anxiety 4a v1.0 T-score\u202f\u2265\u202f55), not working from home, and not receiving current counselling or psychotherapy. We will randomly assign 162 participants to intervention groups of 7 to 10 participants each or waitlist control. We will use a partially nested RCT design to reflect dependence between individuals in training groups but not in the waitlist control. The SPIN-CHAT Program includes activity engagement, education on strategies to support mental health, and mutual participant support. Intervention participants will receive the 4-week (3 sessions per week) SPIN-CHAT Program via videoconference. The primary outcome is PROMIS Anxiety 4a score immediately post-intervention. The SPIN-CHAT Trial will test whether a brief videoconference-based intervention will improve mental health outcomes among at-risk individuals during contagious disease outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32060789, "pmcid": "PMC7091198", "title": "The First Disease X is Caused by a Highly Transmissible Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Jiang, Shibo", "Shi, Zheng-Li"], "date": "2020-02-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32060789", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on the announcement of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018, the Wuhan pneumonia caused by an unknown etiology should be recognized as the first Disease X. Later, the pathogen was identified to be a novel coronavirus denoted 2019-nCoV, which has 79.5% and 96% whole genome sequence identify to SARS-CoV and bat SARS-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV-RaTG13), respectively, suggesting its potential bat origin. With high human-to-human transmission rate (R0), 2019-nCoV has quickly spread in China and other countries, resulting in 34,953 confirmed cases and 725 deaths as of 8 February 2020, thus calling for urgent development of therapeutics and prophylactics. Here we suggest renaming 2019-nCoV as \"transmissible acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (TARS-CoV)\" and briefly review the advancement of research and development of neutralizing antibodies and vaccines targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and viral fusion inhibitors targeting the heptad repeat 1 (HR1) domain in spike protein of 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32343686, "pmcid": "PMC7188196", "title": "Pandemic responses: Planning to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and prepare for future outbreaks.", "journal": "PLoS Med", "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343686", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The PLOS Medicine Editors discuss the current SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and implications for global health."}, {"pmid": 32528234, "pmcid": "PMC7262732", "title": "Nigeria and Italy Divergences in Coronavirus Experience: Impact of Population Density.", "journal": "ScientificWorldJournal", "authors": ["Amoo, Emmanuel O", "Adekeye, Olujide", "Olawole-Isaac, Adebanke", "Fasina, Fagbeminiyi", "Adekola, Paul O", "Samuel, Gbemisola W", "Akanbi, Moses A", "Oladosun, Muyiwa", "Azuh, Dominic E"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528234", "countries": ["Italy", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The reports and information on coronavirus are not conspicuously emphasising the possible impact of population density on the explanation of difference in rapid spread and fatality due to the disease and not much has been done on bicountry comparisons. The study examined the impact of population density on the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in two sociodemographic divergent countries. The study conducted a scoping review of published and unpublished articles including blogs on incidences and fatalities of COVID-19. The analysis followed qualitative description and quantitative presentation of the findings using only frequency distribution, percentages, and graphs. The two countries shared similar experience of \"importation\" of COVID-19, but while different states ordered partial lockdown in Nigeria, it was an immediate total lockdown in Italy. The physician/patient ratio is high in Italy (1\u2009:\u2009328) but low in Nigeria (1\u2009:\u20092500), while population density is 221 in Nigeria and 206 in Italy. Daily change in incidence rate reduced to below 20% after 51 and 30 days of COVID-19 first incidence in Italy and Nigeria, respectively. Fatality rate has plummeted to below 10% after the 66th day in Italy but has not been stabilised in Nigeria. The authors upheld both governments' recommending measures that tilted towards personal hand-hygienic practices and social distancing. Authors suggested that if Italy with its high physician/patient ratio and lower population density compared to Nigeria could suffer high fatality from COVID-19 pandemic under four weeks, then Nigeria with its low physician/patient ratio and higher population density should prepare to face harder time if the pandemic persists."}, {"pmid": 32506482, "title": "One-lung ventilation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Ponnaiah, V", "Bailey, C R"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506482", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507360, "title": "Delirium, sleep, COVID-19 and melatonin.", "journal": "Sleep Med", "authors": ["Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507360", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427428, "title": "Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Lubel, John", "Garg, Mayur"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427428", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267828, "pmcid": "PMC7197961", "title": "Prioritizing systemic therapies for genitourinary malignancies: Canadian recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Can Urol Assoc J", "authors": ["Lalani, Aly-Khan A", "Chi, Kim N", "Heng, Daniel Y C", "Kollmannsberger, Christian K", "Sridhar, Srikala S", "Blais, Normand", "Canil, Christina", "Czaykowski, Piotr", "Hotte, Sebastien J", "Iqbal, Nayyer", "Soulieres, Denis", "Bosse, Dominick", "Alimohamed, Nimira S", "Basappa, Naveen S", "Mukherjee, Som D", "Winquist, Eric", "Wood, Lori A", "North, Scott A"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267828", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32244776, "pmcid": "PMC7226467", "title": "Handle the Autism Spectrum Condition During Coronavirus (COVID-19) Stay At Home period: Ten Tips for Helping Parents and Caregivers of Young Children.", "journal": "Brain Sci", "authors": ["Narzisi, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244776", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become pandemic [...]."}, {"pmid": 32275498, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection among Returnees to Japan from Wuhan, China, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Arima, Yuzo", "Shimada, Tomoe", "Suzuki, Motoi", "Suzuki, Tadaki", "Kobayashi, Yusuke", "Tsuchihashi, Yuuki", "Nakamura, Haruna", "Matsumoto, Kaoru", "Takeda, Asuka", "Kadokura, Keisuke", "Sato, Tetsuro", "Yahata, Yuichiro", "Nakajima, Noriko", "Tobiume, Minoru", "Takayama, Ikuyo", "Kageyama, Tsutomu", "Saito, Shinji", "Nao, Naganori", "Matsui, Tamano", "Sunagawa, Tomimasa", "Hasegawa, Hideki", "Ohnishi, Makoto", "Wakita, Takaji"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275498", "countries": ["Japan", "China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early 2020, Japan repatriated 566 nationals from China. Universal laboratory testing and 14-day monitoring of returnees detected 12 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection; initial screening results were negative for 5. Common outcomes were remaining asymptomatic (n = 4) and pneumonia (n = 6). Overall, screening performed poorly."}, {"pmid": 32528040, "pmcid": "PMC7288260", "title": "Holding CoVID in check through JAK? The MPN-approved compound ruxolitinib as a potential strategy to treat SARS-CoV-2 induced systemic hyperinflammation.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Heidel, F", "Hochhaus, A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528040", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359155, "pmcid": "PMC7197564", "title": "COVID-19: opportunity to learn from necessity.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Nicholson, Paul J"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359155", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32195703, "pmcid": "PMC7155910", "title": "Precautions for Intubating Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Luo, Mengqiang", "Cao, Shumei", "Wei, Liqun", "Tang, Rundong", "Hong, Shu", "Liu, Renyu", "Wang, Yingwei"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195703", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32132379, "pmcid": "PMC7147276", "title": "Editorial: The explosive epidemic outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the persistent threat of respiratory tract infectious diseases to global health security.", "journal": "Curr Opin Pulm Med", "authors": ["Zumla, Alimuddin", "Niederman, Michael S"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132379", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220243, "pmcid": "PMC7101882", "title": "Special attention to nurses' protection during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Huang, Lishan", "Lin, Guanwen", "Tang, Li", "Yu, Lingna", "Zhou, Zhilai"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220243", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 8, 2020, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had caused 80,815 human infections and 3073 deaths in China, including more than 3000 infections among medical staff. Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital (Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China), a provincial emergency hospital, has treated more than 35 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and more than 260 suspected cases. Most of nurses' work involves direct contact with patients. As nurses have high vulnerability to COVID-19, it is necessary to establish hospital-specific protocols to reduce the risk of nurses' infection in interactions with COVID-19 patients. Our hospital has maintained a \"zero nurse infection\" rate while battling SARS in 2003 and during the present COVID-19 epidemic. The following are the key measures implemented in our hospital."}, {"pmid": 32520728, "title": "Anesthesiologists' and intensive care providers' exposure to COVID-19 infection in a New York City academic center: a prospective cohort study assessing symptoms and COVID-19 antibody testing.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Morcuende, Miguel", "Guglielminotti, Jean", "Landau, Ruth"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520728", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Protecting first-line healthcare providers against work-related COVID-19 infection at the onset of the pandemic has been a crucial challenge in the United States. Anesthesiologists in particular are considered at risk, since aerosol-generating procedures, such as intubation and extubation, have been shown to significantly increase the odds for respiratory infections during severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreaks. This study assessed the incidence of COVID-19-like symptoms and presence of COVID-19 antibodies after work-related COVID-19 exposures, among physicians working in a large academic hospital in New York City (NYC). An e-mail survey was addressed to anesthesiologists and affiliated intensive care providers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center on April 15, 2020. The survey assessed 4 domains: 1) demographics and medical history, 2) community exposure to COVID-19 (e.g., use of NYC subway), 3) work-related exposure to COVID-19, and 4) development of COVID-19-like symptoms after work exposure. The first 100 survey responders were invited to undergo a blood test to assess antibody status (presence of IgM/IgG specific to COVID-19). Work-related exposure was defined as any episode where the provider was not wearing adequate personal protective equipment (airborne or droplet/contact protection depending on the exposure type). Based on the clinical scenario, work exposure was categorized as high-risk (e.g., exposure during intubation) or low-risk (e.g., exposure during doffing). 205 healthcare providers were contacted and 105 completed the survey (51%); 91 completed the serological test. Sixty-one of the respondents (58%) reported at least one work-related exposure and 54% of the exposures were high-risk. Among respondents reporting a work-related exposure, 16 (26.2%) reported post-exposure COVID-19-like symptoms. The most frequent symptoms were myalgia (9 cases), diarrhea (8 cases), fever (7 cases), and sore throat (7 cases). COVID-19 antibodies were detected in 11 of the 91 tested respondents (12.1%), with no difference between respondents with (11.8%) or without (12.5%) a work- related exposure, including high-risk exposure. Compared with antibody negative respondents, antibody positive respondents were more likely to use NYC subway to commute to work and report COVID-19-like symptoms in the last 90 days. In the epicenter of the United States' pandemic and within 6-8 weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak, a small proportion of anesthesiologists and affiliated intensive care providers reported COVID-19-like symptoms after a work-related exposure and even fewer had detectable COVID-19 antibodies. Presence of COVID-19 antibodies appeared to be associated with community/environmental transmission rather than secondary to work-related exposures involving high risk procedures."}, {"pmid": 32222251, "pmcid": "PMC7138155", "title": "A UK-wide British Society of Thoracic Imaging COVID-19 imaging repository and database: design, rationale and implications for education and research.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Hare, S S", "Rodrigues, J C L", "Jacob, J", "Edey, A", "Devaraj, A", "Johnstone, A", "McStay, R", "Nair, A", "Robinson, G"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222251", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353224, "title": "Home ventilators for invasive ventilation of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care Resusc", "authors": ["Monti, Giacomo", "Cremona, George", "Zangrillo, Alberto", "Lombardi, Gaetano", "Sartini, Chiara", "Sartorelli, Marianna", "Colombo, Sergio", "Serpa Neto, Ary", "Landoni, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353224", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32288418, "pmcid": "PMC7137902", "title": "D(2)EA: Depict the Epidemic Picture of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci", "authors": ["Liu, Chenzhengyi", "Zhao, Jingwei", "Liu, Guohang", "Gao, Yuanning", "Gao, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288418", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has aroused a global alert. To release social panic and guide future schedules, this article proposes a novel mathematical model, the Delay Differential Epidemic Analyzer (D2EA), to analyze the dynamics of epidemic and forecast its future trends. Based on the traditional Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model, the D2EA model innovatively introduces a set of quarantine states and applies both ordinary differential equations and delay differential equations to describe the transition between two states. Potential variations of practical factors are further considered to reveal the true epidemic picture. In the experiment part, we use the D2EA model to simulate the epidemic in Hubei Province. Fitting to the collected real data as non-linear optimization, the D2EA model forecasts that the accumulated confirmed infected cases in Hubei Province will reach the peak at the end of February and then steady down. We also evaluate the effectiveness of the quarantine measures and schedule the date to reopen Hubei Province."}, {"pmid": 32333601, "pmcid": "PMC7188157", "title": "Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the Gut of Patients With IBD.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Burgueno, Juan F", "Reich, Adrian", "Hazime, Hajar", "Quintero, Maria A", "Fernandez, Irina", "Fritsch, Julia", "Santander, Ana M", "Brito, Nivis", "Damas, Oriana M", "Deshpande, Amar", "Kerman, David H", "Zhang, Lanyu", "Gao, Zhen", "Ban, Yuguang", "Wang, Lily", "Pignac-Kobinger, Judith", "Abreu, Maria T"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333601", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have intestinal inflammation and are treated with immune-modulating medications. In the face of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic, we do not know whether patients with IBD will be more susceptible to infection or disease. We hypothesized that the viral entry molecules angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) are expressed in the intestine. We further hypothesized that their expression could be affected by inflammation or medication usage. We examined the expression of Ace2 and Tmprss2 by quantitative polymerase chain reacion in animal models of IBD. Publicly available data from organoids and mucosal biopsies from patients with IBD were examined for expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. We conducted RNA sequencing for CD11b-enriched cells and peripheral and lamina propria T-cells from well-annotated patient samples. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were abundantly expressed in the ileum and colon and had high expression in intestinal epithelial cells. In animal models, inflammation led to downregulation of epithelial Ace2. Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was not increased in samples from patients with compared with those of control patients. In CD11b-enriched cells but not T-cells, the level of expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the mucosa was comparable to other functional mucosal genes and was not affected by inflammation. Anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and steroids were linked to significantly lower expression of ACE2 in CD11b-enriched cells. The viral entry molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed in the ileum and colon. Patients with IBD do not have higher expression during inflammation; medical therapy is associated with lower levels of ACE2. These data provide reassurance for patients with IBD."}, {"pmid": 32379077, "pmcid": "PMC7202125", "title": "COVID-19: POSTMORTEM DIAGNOSTIC AND BIOSAFETY CONSIDERATIONS.", "journal": "Am J Forensic Med Pathol", "authors": ["Lacy, J Matthew", "Brooks, Erin G", "Akers, Joshua", "Armstrong, Danielle", "Decker, Lauren", "Gonzalez, Adam", "Humphrey, William", "Mayer, Romana", "Miller, Matthew", "Perez, Catherine", "Arango, Jose Antonio Ruiz", "Sathyavagiswaran, Lakshmanan", "Stroh, Wendy", "Utley, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379077", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a result of the 2019 novel human coronavirus (COVID-19) global spread, medical examiner/coroner offices will inevitably encounter increased numbers of COVID-19-infected decedents at autopsy. While in some cases a history of fever and/or respiratory distress (e.g. cough or shortness of breath) may suggest the diagnosis, epidemiologic studies indicate that the majority of individuals infected with COVID-19 develop mild to no symptoms. Those dying with-but not of-COVID-19 may still be infectious, however. While multiple guidelines have been issued regarding autopsy protocol in cases of suspected COVID-19 deaths, there is some variability in the recommendations. Additionally, limited recommendations to date have been issued regarding scene investigative protocol, and there are a paucity of publications characterizing COVID-19 postmortem gross and histologic findings. A case of sudden unexpected death due to COVID-19 is presented as a means of illustrating common autopsy findings, as well as diagnostic and biosafety considerations. We also review and summarize the current COVID-19 literature in an effort to provide practical evidence-based biosafety guidance for ME/C offices encountering COVID-19 at autopsy."}, {"pmid": 32292239, "pmcid": "PMC7151317", "title": "Unpacking the black box: How to promote citizen engagement through government social media during the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Comput Human Behav", "authors": ["Chen, Qiang", "Min, Chen", "Zhang, Wei", "Wang, Ge", "Ma, Xiaoyue", "Evans, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292239", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During times of public crises, governments must act swiftly to communicate crisis information effectively and efficiently to members of the public; failure to do so will inevitably lead citizens to become fearful, uncertain and anxious in the prevailing conditions. This pioneering study systematically investigates how Chinese central government agencies used social media to promote citizen engagement during the COVID-19 crisis. Using data scraped from 'Healthy China', an official Sina Weibo account of the National Health Commission of China, we examine how citizen engagement relates to a series of theoretically relevant factors, including media richness, dialogic loop, content type and emotional valence. Results show that media richness negatively predicts citizen engagement through government social media, but dialogic loop facilitates engagement. Information relating to the latest news about the crisis and the government's handling of the event positively affects citizen engagement through government social media. Importantly, all relationships were contingent upon the emotional valence of each Weibo post."}, {"pmid": 32295322, "title": "[Clinical analysis of 150 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Nanyang City, Henan Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Sun, C", "Zhang, X B", "Dai, Y", "Xu, X Z", "Zhao, J"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295322", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of the patients with 2019-nCoV infection in Nanyang City, so as to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The epidemiology, clinical symptoms, atory and radiologic data of 150 patients with 2019-nCoV infection admitted to the designated hospitals in Nanyang City from January 24,2020 to February 16, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The 150 patients with 2019 nCov infection consisted of 67 men and 83 women, and the median age was (45\u00b116) years; 69 of them were the first generation case,60 of them were the second generation case, 6 of them were the third generation case,the median incubation period of the first generation case was (5.4\u00b12.2) days, and the second generation case was (6.7\u00b13.1) days, and the first-generation cases are the majority in severe patients (69%) . The most common basic disease was hypertension (13 cases, 9%), diabetes (9 cases, 6%), and the most common symptom is fever(142 cases, 95%, 63% showed moderate fever) , cough and sputum(108 cases,72%), fatigue(23 cases,15%), anorexia(20 cases, 13%), headache, diarrhea, muscle soreness, sore throat as the first symptoms. The average time from onset of symptoms to consultation was (4.2\u00b12.2) days for all patients. The changes in peripheral blood cells were mainly lymphonpenia (83 cases, 55%) and eosinophilia (95 cases, 63%), The lymphocyte count of the severe and critically ill patients was more significantly reduced, and some patients had increased myocardial enzymes, mainly LDH (47 cases, 31%), and a few patients had liver function damage, mainly manifested in ALT and AST. High, very few patients have renal impairment. Among the inflammation-related indicators, the main manifestations are increased CRP (66 cases, 43%) and ESR (86 cases, 57%), elevated D-Dimer in 29% of patients. 144 cases have different degrees of infective lesions in chest CT examination, with 30 cases (21%) on one side and 144 cases (79%) on both sides. Morphologically, most of the lesions were patchy ground glass lesions, which could be accompanied by air bronchus signs and some consolidation and paving stone signs. Of the cases showing \"white lung\", 87% were sever ill or critically ill. After active treatment, 45% of patients were discharged according to discharge standards. 33% of sever and critically ill patients were discharged, 49% of them were degraded hospitalization.The average length of hospitalization was (12\u00b14) days. Conclusion: A history of epidemiological exposure, fever, chest CT with signs of pneumonia, normal or decreased WBC, and lymphocytopenia, eosinophilia are the clinical basis for the diagnosis of this disease, and most of the sever patients were the first generation cases. The degree of lymphocytopenia is related to the severity of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32485970, "title": "A Review on SARS-CoV-2 Virology, Pathophysiology, Animal Models, and Anti-Viral Interventions.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Neerukonda, Sabari Nath", "Katneni, Upendra"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485970", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly pathogenic and transmissible CoV that is presently plaguing the global human population and economy. No proven effective antiviral therapy or vaccine currently exists, and supportive care remains to be the cornerstone treatment. Through previous lessons learned from SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV studies, scientific groups worldwide have rapidly expanded the knowledge pertaining to SARS-CoV-2 virology that includes in vitro and in vivo models for testing of antiviral therapies and randomized clinical trials. In the present narrative, we review SARS-CoV-2 virology, clinical features, pathophysiology, and animal models with a specific focus on the antiviral and adjunctive therapies currently being tested or that require testing in animal models and randomized clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32239445, "pmcid": "PMC7110266", "title": "Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Lu, Renfei", "Wu, Xiuming", "Wan, Zhenzhou", "Li, Yingxue", "Zuo, Lulu", "Qin, Jianru", "Jin, Xia", "Zhang, Chiyu"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239445", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516064, "title": "Acute Stroke in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Study.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Hoyer, Carolin", "Ebert, Anne", "Huttner, Hagen B", "Puetz, Volker", "Kallmunzer, Bernd", "Barlinn, Kristian", "Haverkamp, Christian", "Harloff, Andreas", "Brich, Jochen", "Platten, Michael", "Szabo, Kristina"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516064", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to assess the number of patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular events seeking in-patient medical emergency care since the implementation of social distancing measures in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this retrospective multicenter study, data on the number of hospital admissions due to acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and numbers of reperfusion therapies performed in weeks 1 to 15 of 2020 and 2019 were collected in 4 German academic stroke centers. Poisson regression was used to test for a change in admission rates before and after the implementation of extensive social distancing measures in week 12 of 2020. The analysis of anonymized regional mobility data allowed for correlations between changes in public mobility as measured by the number and length of trips taken and hospital admission for stroke/transient ischemic attack. Only little variation of admission rates was observed before and after week 11 in 2019 and between the weeks 1 and 11 of 2019 and 2020. However, reflecting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant decrease in the number of admissions for transient ischemic attack was observed (-85%, -46%, -42%) in 3 of 4 centers, while in 2 of 4 centers, stroke admission rates decreased significantly by 40% and 46% after week 12 in 2020. A relevant effect on reperfusion therapies was found for 1 center only (thrombolysis, -60%; thrombectomy, -61%). Positive correlations between number of ischemic events and mobility measures in the corresponding cities were identified for 3 of 4 centers. These data demonstrate and quantify decreasing hospital admissions due to ischemic cerebrovascular events and suggest that this may be a consequence of social distancing measures, in particular because hospital resources for acute stroke care were not limited during this period. Hence, raising public awareness is necessary to avoid serious healthcare and economic consequences of undiagnosed and untreated strokes and transient ischemic attacks."}, {"pmid": 32436303, "title": "Covid-19 and exacerbation of psoriasis.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Ozaras, Resat", "Berk, Ahmet", "Ucar, Dilek Hasman", "Duman, Habibe", "Kaya, Fatma", "Mutlu, Huseyin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436303", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306369, "pmcid": "PMC7166096", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: a Call to Action to Identify and Address Racial and Ethnic Disparities.", "journal": "J Racial Ethn Health Disparities", "authors": ["Laurencin, Cato T", "McClinton, Aneesah"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306369", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted and devastated the world. As the infection spreads, the projected mortality and economic devastation are unprecedented. In particular, racial and ethnic minorities may be at a particular disadvantage as many already assume the status of a marginalized group. Black Americans have a long-standing history of disadvantage and are in a vulnerable position to experience the impact of this crisis and the myth of Black immunity to COVID-19 is detrimental to promoting and maintaining preventative measures. We are the first to present the earliest available data in the peer-reviewed literature on the racial and ethnic distribution of COVID-19-confirmed cases and fatalities in the state of Connecticut. We also seek to explode the myth of Black immunity to the virus. Finally, we call for a National Commission on COVID-19 Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities to further explore and respond to the unique challenges that the crisis presents for Black and Brown communities."}, {"pmid": 32246822, "pmcid": "PMC7184485", "title": "Potential False-Negative Nucleic Acid Testing Results for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 from Thermal Inactivation of Samples with Low Viral Loads.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Pan, Yang", "Long, Luyao", "Zhang, Daitao", "Yuan, Tingting", "Cui, Shujuan", "Yang, Peng", "Wang, Quanyi", "Ren, Simei"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246822", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely throughout the world since the end of 2019. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) has played an important role in patient diagnosis and management of COVID-19. In some circumstances, thermal inactivation at 56\u00b0C has been recommended to inactivate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) before NAT. However, this procedure could theoretically disrupt nucleic acid integrity of this single-stranded RNA virus and cause false negatives in real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests. We investigated whether thermal inactivation could affect the results of viral NAT. We examined the effects of thermal inactivation on the quantitative RT-PCR results of SARS-CoV-2, particularly with regard to the rates of false-negative results for specimens carrying low viral loads. We additionally investigated the effects of different specimen types, sample preservation times, and a chemical inactivation approach on NAT. Our study showed increased Ct values in specimens from diagnosed COVID-19 patients in RT-PCR tests after thermal incubation. Moreover, about half of the weak-positive samples (7 of 15 samples, 46.7%) were RT-PCR negative after heat inactivation in at least one parallel testing. The use of guanidinium-based lysis for preservation of these specimens had a smaller impact on RT-PCR results with fewer false negatives (2 of 15 samples, 13.3%) and significantly less increase in Ct values than heat inactivation. Thermal inactivation adversely affected the efficiency of RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Given the limited applicability associated with chemical inactivators, other approaches to ensure the overall protection of laboratory personnel need consideration."}, {"pmid": 32361966, "pmcid": "PMC7195824", "title": "A safe flight for children through COVID-19 disaster: keeping our mind open!", "journal": "Eur J Pediatr", "authors": ["de Winter, J Peter", "de Winter, Derek", "Bollati, Valentina", "Milani, Gregorio P"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361966", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318916, "pmcid": "PMC7171599", "title": "Imaging characteristics of initial chest computed tomography and clinical manifestations of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Fan, Na", "Fan, WenHui", "Li, Zhen", "Shi, Min", "Liang, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318916", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the chest CT imaging characteristics and clinical manifestations of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This study included 150 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosed from January 10 to February 12, 2020 to analyze their clinical and CT imaging characteristics. The period between symptom onset and initial CT examination ranged from 1 to 8\u00a0days. There were 83 cases (55.33%) involving both lungs, 67 cases (44.67%) involving a single lung (left 25 cases and right 42 cases). There were 49 cases (32.67%) of single intrapulmonary lesion, 33 cases (22.00%) of multiple intrapulmonary lesions, 68 cases (44.00%) of diffused intrapulmonary lesions, 67 cases (44.67%) of subpleural lesions, 24 cases (16.00%) of lesions localizing along the bronchovascular bundles, and 59 cases (39.33%) with lesions in both locations. There were 18 cases (12.00%) exhibiting ground-glass nodules of\u2009<\u200910\u00a0mm, 124 cases (82.67%) of patchy ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation, 8 cases (5.33%) of cord-like lesions, 6 cases (4.00%) of pleural effusion, and 2 cases (1.33%) of enlarged lymph nodes. The main manifestations of initial chest CT in COVID-19 pneumonia patients was ground-glass opacities, commonly involving single site in patients\u2009<\u200935\u00a0years old and multiple sites and extensive area in patients\u2009>\u200960\u00a0years old. The common lesion sites were the subpleural region and the posterior basal segments of the lower lobes, mostly showing thickening of the interlobular septum and mixed with consolidation."}, {"pmid": 32333104, "pmcid": "PMC7181963", "title": "A child confirmed COVID-19 with only symptoms of conjunctivitis and eyelid dermatitis.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Wu, Ping", "Liang, Liang", "Chen, ChunBao", "Nie, ShengQiong"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333104", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463318, "title": "Improving Health Literacy Critical to Optimize Global Telemedicine During COVID-19 (Re: Telemed J E Health [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2020.0105).", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Nair, Satish C", "Satish, Karthyayani P", "Sreedharan, Jayadevan", "Muttappallymyalil, Jayakumary", "Ibrahim, Halah"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463318", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478290, "pmcid": "PMC7251272", "title": "Epidemiologic character of COVID-19 in Kazakhstan: A preliminary report.", "journal": "North Clin Istanb", "authors": ["Maukayeva, Saule", "Karimova, Saya"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478290", "countries": ["China", "Kazakhstan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), named the etiological agent of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently emerged in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. Kazakhstan's border proximity to China has led to preventive measures in the country since January. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiologic characters of the first recorded cases in Kazakhstan. Here, we reviewed the preparedness of the infection control and prevention procedures in Kazakhstan and evaluated the epidemiological characters of confirmed cases in Kazakhstan. The data for COVID-19 cases recorded from March 13 to April 6, 2020, were obtained from the Sanitary Epidemiological Service. Age, gender and their living place were recorded. The severity of infection, geographical distribution, gender and age group of cases were analyzed. Four phases of preventive measures used in respiratory infections have been implemented in Kazakhstan since January 6, 2020. The first case was recorded on March 13. During the period of March 13 and April 06, 629 cases with COVID-19 were recorded in Kazakhstan. Of these, 45 patients recovered, six had resulted in death; 535 (85%) of cases were mild and/or asymptomatic, 72 (11.5%) - moderate, 22 (3.5%) - severe. Of these, 7.5% of the cases were registered as children and course was mild. The cases are increasing in Kazakhstan as seen in other countries. Currently, the strict implication of respiratory infection control measurement in public and health care services are still very important."}, {"pmid": 32530507, "title": "Can steroids reverse the severe COVID-19 induced 'cytokine storm'?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kolilekas, Lykourgos", "Loverdos, Konstantinos", "Giannakaki, Styliani", "Vlassi, Lamprini", "Levounets, Anastasia", "Zervas, Eleftherios", "Gaga, Mina"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530507", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe COVID-19 is characterized by an excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, resulting in acute lung injury and development of ARDS. The role of corticosteroids is controversial in severe COVID-19 pneumonia and associated hyper-inflammatory syndrome. We reported a case series of six consecutive COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia, ARDS and laboratory indices of hyper-inflammatory syndrome. All patients were treated early with a short course of corticosteroids, and clinical outcomes were compared before and after corticosteroids administration. All patients evaded intubation and intensive care admission, ARDS resolved within 11.8 days (median), viral clearance was achieved in 4 patients within 17.2 days (median), and all patients were discharged from the hospital in 16.8 days (median). Early administration of short course corticosteroids improves clinical outcome of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and evidence of immune hyper-reactivity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32377857, "pmcid": "PMC7202461", "title": "Nasal, pharyngeal and laryngeal endoscopy procedures during COVID-19 pandemic: available recommendations from national and international societies.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["De Luca, Pietro", "Scarpa, Alfonso", "Ralli, Massimo", "De Vincentiis, Marco", "Cassandro, Ettore", "Chiarella, Giuseppe", "Cassandro, Claudia"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377857", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209231, "pmcid": "PMC7094376", "title": "Computers and viral diseases. Preliminary bioinformatics studies on the design of a synthetic vaccine and a preventative peptidomimetic antagonist against the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV, COVID-19) coronavirus.", "journal": "Comput Biol Med", "authors": ["Robson, B"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209231", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper concerns study of the genome of the Wuhan Seafood Market isolate believed to represent the causative agent of the disease COVID-19. This is to find a short section or sections of viral protein sequence suitable for preliminary design proposal for a peptide synthetic vaccine and a peptidomimetic therapeutic, and to explore some design possibilities. The project was originally directed towards a use case for the Q-UEL language and its implementation in a knowledge management and automated inference system for medicine called the BioIngine, but focus here remains mostly on the virus itself. However, using Q-UEL systems to access relevant and emerging literature, and to interact with standard publically available bioinformatics tools on the Internet, did help quickly identify sequences of amino acids that are well conserved across many coronaviruses including 2019-nCoV. KRSFIEDLLFNKV was found to be particularly well conserved in this study and corresponds to the region around one of the known cleavage sites of the SARS virus that are believed to be required for virus activation for cell entry. This sequence motif and surrounding variations formed the basis for proposing a specific synthetic vaccine epitope and peptidomimetic agent. The work can, nonetheless, be described in traditional bioinformatics terms, and readily reproduced by others, albeit with the caveat that new data and research into 2019-nCoV is emerging and evolving at an explosive pace. Preliminary studies using molecular modeling and docking, and in that context the potential value of certain known herbal extracts, are also described."}, {"pmid": 32434610, "title": "Forensic Psychiatry and Covid-19: Accelerating Transformation in Forensic Psychiatry.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Kennedy, Harry G", "Mohan, Damian", "Davoren, Mary"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434610", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Swift medically led scientifically informed responses to the Covid-19 epidemic nationally have been demonstrably superior to other, non-scientific approaches. In forensic psychiatry and across all psychiatric services, urgent and clinically led responses have underlined redundancies and confusions in the governance of mental health services and a vacuum in policy makers. For the future, a greater emphasis on services for patients with schizophrenia and other severe, enduring mental disorders must aim at reducing standardised mortality ratios, managing risk of violence and improving hard outcomes such as symptomatic remission, functional recovery and forensic recovery of autonomy. This will require more use of information technology at service level and at national level where Scandinavian-style population based data linkage research must now become legally sanctioned and necessary. A national research and development centre for medical excellence in forensic psychiatry is urgently required and is complimentary to and different from quality management."}, {"pmid": 32491091, "title": "Adults at high-risk of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) in Brazil.", "journal": "Rev Saude Publica", "authors": ["Rezende, Leandro F M", "Thome, Beatriz", "Schveitzer, Mariana Cabral", "Souza-Junior, Paulo Roberto Borges de", "Szwarcwald, Celia Landmann"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491091", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE To estimate the proportion and total number of the general adult population who may be at higher risk of severe Covid-19 in Brazil. METHODS We included 51,770 participants from a nationally representative, household-based health survey (PNS) conducted in Brazil. We estimated the proportion and number of adults (\u2265 18 years) at risk of severe Covid-19 by sex, educational level, race/ethnicity, and state based on the presence of one or more of the following risk factors: age \u2265 65 years or medical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic respiratory disease, cancer, stroke, chronic kidney disease and moderate to severe asthma, smoking status, and obesity. RESULTS Adults at risk of severe Covid-19 in Brazil varied from 34.0% (53 million) to 54.5% (86 million) nationwide. Less-educated adults present a 2-fold higher prevalence of risk factors compared to university graduated. We found no differences by sex and race/ethnicity. S\u00e3o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and Rio Grande do Sul were the most vulnerable states in absolute and relative terms of adults at risk. CONCLUSIONS Proportion and total number of adults at risk of severe Covid-19 are high in Brazil, with wide variation across states and adult subgroups. These findings should be considered while designing and implementing prevention measures in Brazil. We argue that these results support broad social isolation measures, particularly when testing capacity for SARS-CoV-2 is limited."}, {"pmid": 32454003, "title": "What should primary care look like after the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Aust J Prim Health", "authors": ["Duckett, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454003", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The response to COVID-19 transformed primary care: new telehealth items were added to the Medicare Benefits Schedule, and their use quickly escalated, general practices and community health centres developed new ways of working and patients embraced the changes. As new coronavirus infections plummet and governments contemplate lifting spatial distancing restrictions, attention should turn to the transition out of pandemic mode. Some good things happened during the pandemic, including the rapid introduction of the new telehealth items. The post-pandemic health system should learn from the COVID-19 changes and create a new normal."}, {"pmid": 32335514, "title": "The Question of Whether to Remain on Therapy for Chronic Rheumatic Diseases in the Setting of the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Cron, Randy Q", "Chatham, W Winn"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335514", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We appreciate our Italian colleagues' interest in our editorial denoting the rheumatologist's role in helping to diagnose and treat cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) in the setting of the Covid-19 panemic (1). It is encouraging that none of the 123 pediatric rheumatology patients (primarily juvenile idiopathic arthritis) on background biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (bDMARD) therapies in Milan, Italy surveyed over a 7-week period from February 25 through April 14, 2020 (during which time Covid-19 was hyper-endemic there) had either confirmed or suspected Covid-19 (2)."}, {"pmid": 32360773, "pmcid": "PMC7191282", "title": "May drug-related cardiovascular toxicities persist after hospital discharge in COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Kara, Emre", "Inkaya, Ahmet Cagkan", "Demirkan, Kutay"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360773", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372791, "pmcid": "PMC7194693", "title": "Tackling two crises at once.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Figueres, Christiana", "Rivett-Carnac, Tom"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372791", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We can't lose sight of the climate emergency when dealing with the covid-19 pandemic, say Christiana Figueres and Tom Rivett-Carnac."}, {"pmid": 32446187, "pmcid": "PMC7212980", "title": "The time scale of asymptomatic transmission affects estimates of epidemic potential in the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Epidemics", "authors": ["Park, Sang Woo", "Cornforth, Daniel M", "Dushoff, Jonathan", "Weitz, Joshua S"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446187", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of asymptomatic carriers in transmission poses challenges for control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Study of asymptomatic transmission and implications for surveillance and disease burden are ongoing, but there has been little study of the implications of asymptomatic transmission on dynamics of disease. We use a mathematical framework to evaluate expected effects of asymptomatic transmission on the basic reproduction number R0 (i.e., the expected number of secondary cases generated by an average primary case in a fully susceptible population) and the fraction of new secondary cases attributable to asymptomatic individuals. If the generation-interval distribution of asymptomatic transmission differs from that of symptomatic transmission, then estimates of the basic reproduction number which do not explicitly account for asymptomatic cases may be systematically biased. Specifically, if asymptomatic cases have a shorter generation interval than symptomatic cases, R0 will be over-estimated, and if they have a longer generation interval, R0 will be under-estimated. Estimates of the realized proportion of asymptomatic transmission during the exponential phase also depend on asymptomatic generation intervals. Our analysis shows that understanding the temporal course of asymptomatic transmission can be important for assessing the importance of this route of transmission, and for disease dynamics. This provides an additional motivation for investigating both the importance and relative duration of asymptomatic transmission."}, {"pmid": 32492529, "pmcid": "PMC7261362", "title": "Addressing a National Crisis: The Spine Hospital and Department's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City.", "journal": "Spine J", "authors": ["Lombardi, J M", "Bottiglieri, T", "Desai, N", "Riew, K D", "Boddapati, V", "Weller, M", "Bourgois, C", "McChrystal, S", "Lehman, R A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492529", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a very brief period, the COVID-19 pandemic has swept across the planet leaving governments, societies and healthcare systems unprepared and under-resourced. New York City now represents the global viral epicenter with roughly one third of all mortalities in the United States. To date, our hospital has treated thousands of COVID-19 positive patients and sits at the forefront of the United States response to this pandemic. The goal of this paper is to share the lessons learned by our spine division during a crisis when hospital resources and personnel are stretched thin. Such experiences include management of elective and emergent cases, outpatient clinics, physician redeployment and general health and wellness. As peak infections spread across the United States, we hope this article will serve as a resource for other spine departments on how to manage patient care and healthcare worker deployment during the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32329404, "title": "Pharmacy's Call for Authorities to Aggressively Enforce Laws Addressing Price Gouging.", "journal": "J Manag Care Spec Pharm", "authors": ["Mattingly, T Joseph 2nd", "Hogue, Michael D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329404", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early reports of potential treatment for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have raised concerns related to pharmaceutical distribution. Despite the lack of high-quality evidence, the mere hope of effectiveness of potential treatments, such as hydroxychloroquine, has led to surges in demand for these products, and many pharmacists are already informally reporting shortages through social channels. As manufacturers and wholesale distributors struggle to fulfill orders for drugs such as hydroxychloroquine, short-term price increases may seem reasonable in a free market when demand increases. However, any price increases by manufacturers, wholesale distributors, and pharmacies might be seen as exploitive gouging of consumers during a declared emergency. In addition to concerns of price gouging, increases in prescription drug utilization during the pandemic may lead to increases in spending for all payers as members may be treated for COVID-19. This article explores pharmaceutical supply chain and drug pricing nuances that may cause problems for payers and pharmacies as the country battles this global pandemic. DISCLOSURES: No funding supported the writing of this article. Mattingly reports unrelated consulting fees from the National Health Council, Bristol Myers Squibb, G&W Laboratories, Allergy and Asthma Foundation of American, and the Massachusetts Health Policy Commission. Hogue has nothing to disclose."}, {"pmid": 32380086, "pmcid": "PMC7198405", "title": "Caring for patients with venous insufficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary care center.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord", "authors": ["Skeik, Nedaa", "Manunga, Jesse", "Mirza, Aleem"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380086", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266419, "pmcid": "PMC7138655", "title": "COVID-19 and drug-induced liver injury: a problem of plenty or a petty point?", "journal": "Arch Toxicol", "authors": ["Boeckmans, Joost", "Rodrigues, Robim M", "Demuyser, Thomas", "Pierard, Denis", "Vanhaecke, Tamara", "Rogiers, Vera"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266419", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495390, "title": "Should we be concerned about COVID-19 with nonhuman primates?", "journal": "Am J Primatol", "authors": ["Santos, Wesley Jose", "Guiraldi, Livia Maisa", "Lucheis, Simone Baldini"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495390", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has radically changed the human activities worldwide. Although we are still learning about the disease, it is necessary that primatologists, veterinarians, and all that are living with nonhuman primates (NHP) be concerned about the probable health impacts as these animals face this new pandemic. We want to increase discussion with the scientific community that is directly involved with these animals, because preliminary studies report that NHP may become infected and develop symptoms similar to those in human beings."}, {"pmid": 32192561, "title": "Pharmacy Services and the Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "Sr Care Pharm", "authors": ["Alderman, Chris"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192561", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pharmacists around the world can expect to be affected by the coronavirus, especially those who provide care for older people who are at a much higher risk for grave consequences from the virus. It is critical that pharmacists maintain awareness of the evolving pandemic and access reliable information to remain familiar with developments."}, {"pmid": 32357950, "title": "Covid-19: Home testing programme across England aims to help define way out of lockdown.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357950", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451239, "pmcid": "PMC7211671", "title": "No Participant Left Behind: Conducting Science During COVID-19.", "journal": "Trends Cogn Sci", "authors": ["Lourenco, Stella F", "Tasimi, Arber"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451239", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cognitive scientists have ramped up online testing in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although research conducted online solves the problem of data collection, the paucity of internet access among low-income and minority communities may reduce the diversity of study samples, and thus have an impact on the generalizability of scientific findings."}, {"pmid": 32418196, "title": "A word of caution and call for cross-society collaboration to develop surgical guidance about COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Pellino, G", "Pata, F", "Lui, R", "Espin-Basany, E"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418196", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251729, "pmcid": "PMC7194546", "title": "The Greek study in the effects of colchicine in COvid-19 complications prevention (GRECCO-19 study): Rationale and study design.", "journal": "Hellenic J Cardiol", "authors": ["Deftereos, Spyridon G", "Siasos, Gerasimos", "Giannopoulos, Georgios", "Vrachatis, Dimitrios A", "Angelidis, Christos", "Giotaki, Sotiria G", "Gargalianos, Panagiotis", "Giamarellou, Helen", "Gogos, Charalampos", "Daikos, Georgios", "Lazanas, Marios", "Lagiou, Pagona", "Saroglou, Georgios", "Sipsas, Nikolaos", "Tsiodras, Sotirios", "Chatzigeorgiou, Dimitrios", "Moussas, Nikolaos", "Kotanidou, Anastasia", "Koulouris, Nikolaos", "Oikonomou, Evangelos", "Kaoukis, Andreas", "Kossyvakis, Charalampos", "Raisakis, Konstantinos", "Fountoulaki, Katerina", "Comis, Mihalis", "Tsiachris, Dimitrios", "Sarri, Eleni", "Theodorakis, Andreas", "Martinez-Dolz, Luis", "Sanz-Sanchez, Jorge", "Reimers, Bernhard", "Stefanini, Giulio G", "Cleman, Michael", "Filippou, Dimitrios", "Olympios, Christoforos D", "Pyrgakis, Vlasios N", "Goudevenos, John", "Hahalis, George", "Kolettis, Theofilos M", "Iliodromitis, Efstathios", "Tousoulis, Dimitrios", "Stefanadis, Christodoulos"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251729", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Colchicine has been utilized safely in a variety of cardiovascular clinical conditions. Among its potential mechanisms of action is the non-selective inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome which is thought to be a major pathophysiologic component in the clinical course of patients with COVID-19. GRECCO-19 will be a prospective, randomized, open-labeled, controlled study to assess the effects of colchicine in COVID-19 complications prevention. Patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (under RT PCR) and clinical picture that involves temperature >37.5 oC and at least two out of the: i. sustained coughing, ii. sustained throat pain, iii. Anosmia and/or ageusia, iv. fatigue/tiredness, v. PaO2<95 mmHg will be included. Patients will be randomised (1:1) in colchicine or control group. Trial results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. GRECCO-19 trial aims to identify whether colchicine may positively intervene in the clinical course of COVID-19. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04326790)."}, {"pmid": 32449007, "pmcid": "PMC7245992", "title": "In and Beyond COVID-19: US Academic Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering Community Must Engage to Meet Critical National Needs.", "journal": "AAPS PharmSciTech", "authors": ["Gurvich, Vadim J", "Hussain, Ajaz S"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449007", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The supply of affordable, high-quality pharmaceuticals to US patients has been on a critical path for decades. In and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, this critical path has become tortuous. To regain reliability, reshoring of the pharmaceutical supply chain to the USA is now a vital national security need. Reshoring the pharmaceutical supply with old know-how and outdated technologies that cause inherent unpredictability and adverse environmental impact will neither provide the security we seek nor will it be competitive and affordable. The challenge at hand is complex akin to redesigning systems, including corporate and public research and development, manufacturing, regulatory, and education ones. The US academic community must be engaged in progressing solutions needed to counter emergencies in the COVID-19 pandemic and in building new methods to reshore the pharmaceutical supply chain beyond the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32345687, "title": "Sheltering in Place in a Xenophobic Climate: COVID-19 and Children in Immigrant Families.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Cholera, Rushina", "Falusi, Olanrewaju O", "Linton, Julie M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345687", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312113, "pmcid": "PMC7188060", "title": "Update on COVID-19 From the Journal.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Gropler, Robert J", "Davila-Roman, Victor G"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312113", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266381, "pmcid": "PMC7184423", "title": "PCR Assays Turned Positive in 25 Discharged COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yuan, Jing", "Kou, Shanglong", "Liang, Yanhua", "Zeng, JianFeng", "Pan, Yanchao", "Liu, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266381", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the observation that 14.5% of COVID-19 patients had positive RT-PCR testing again after discharge. We describe correlations between laboratory parameters and treatment duration (r= -0.637; p=0.002) and time to virus recrudescence (r= 0.52; p=0.008) respectively, suggesting the need for additional measures to confirm illness resolution in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32324441, "title": "Use of Disinfectant Wipes to Sanitize Milk's Containers of Human Milk Bank During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Hum Lact", "authors": ["De Rose, Domenico Umberto", "Reposi, Maria Paola", "Amadio, Patrizia", "Auriti, Cinzia", "Dall'Oglio, Immacolata", "Corsetti, Tiziana", "Dotta, Andrea", "Salvatori, Guglielmo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324441", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360932, "pmcid": "PMC7252010", "title": "Telephonic triage before surgical ward admission and telemedicine during COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Effective and easy procedures to reduce in-hospital positivity.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Tolone, Salvatore", "Gambardella, Claudio", "Brusciano, Luigi", "Del Genio, Gianmattia", "Lucido, Francesco Saverio", "Docimo, Ludovico"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360932", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369103, "pmcid": "PMC7239226", "title": "Sacubitril/valsartan in COVID-19 patients: the need for trials.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Acanfora, Domenico", "Ciccone, Marco Matteo", "Scicchitano, Pietro", "Acanfora, Chiara", "Casucci, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369103", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463308, "title": "Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: Is Cardiotoxicity a Concern?", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Kamp, Timothy J", "Hamdan, Mohamed H", "January, Craig T"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463308", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398214, "title": "Impact of the global COVID-19 outbreak on the management of other communicable diseases.", "journal": "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis", "authors": ["Ong, C W M", "Goletti, D"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398214", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283118, "pmcid": "PMC7194990", "title": "Taipei Azalea - Supraglottic airways (SGA) preassembled with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to simplify prehospital airway management for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Yang, Wen-Shuo", "Hou, Sheng-Wen", "Lee, Bin-Chou", "Chiang, Wen-Chu", "Chien, Yu-Chun", "Chen, Shey-Ying", "Ma, Matthew Huei-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283118", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366580, "title": "Respiratory advice for the non-respiratory physician in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Bennett, Jonathan", "Munavvar, Mohammmed", "Walker, Paul", "Phillips, Gerrard"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366580", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 beta-coronavirus, has changed clinical practice in a matter of weeks. Among the physician specialties, respiratory physicians have been at the forefront of the response to this new challenge. Here we provide advice for non-respiratory physicians on the ward-based care of patients with this disease. This includes recommendations on hydration, thromboprophylaxis, nutritional support and on the importance of the early detection of deterioration, setting ceilings of care and use of anticipatory drugs where appropriate. We also discuss oxygen support modalities, proning, safe working practices and a new approach to multi-professional working. We include references to a number of important research studies."}, {"pmid": 32534094, "title": "Antiviral activity of the high-molecular-weight plant polysaccharides (Panavir(R)).", "journal": "Int J Biol Macromol", "authors": ["Kalinina, Tatiana S", "Zlenko, Dmitry V", "Kiselev, Aleksei V", "Litvin, Alexander A", "Stovbun, Sergey V"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534094", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This short report is dedicated to the description of the wide antiviral and antibacterial activity of the immune-modulating agent Panavir\u00ae. Panavir\u00ae is a high-molecular-weight fraction of the polysaccharides extracted from the shoots of the Solanum tuberosum. It demonstrates activity against many types of viruses, including animal coronavirus and also against bacterial infections. These properties look very promising considering the COVID-19 epidemy and allow propose that Panavir\u00ae would be effective in the therapy of the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32238221, "pmcid": "PMC7156578", "title": "Declining Public Health Protections within Autocratic Regimes: Impact on Global Public Health Security, Infectious Disease Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Burkle, Frederick M"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238221", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health emergencies of international concern, in the form of infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics, represent an increasing risk to the world's population. Management requires coordinated responses, across many disciplines and nations, and the capacity to muster proper national and global public health education, infrastructure, and prevention measures. Unfortunately, increasing numbers of nations are ruled by autocratic regimes which have characteristically failed to adopt investments in public health infrastructure, education, and prevention measures to keep pace with population growth and density. Autocratic leaders have a direct impact on health security, a direct negative impact on health, and create adverse political and economic conditions that only complicate the crisis further. This is most evident in autocratic regimes where health protections have been seriously and purposely curtailed. All autocratic regimes define public health along economic and political imperatives that are similar across borders and cultures. Autocratic regimes are seriously handicapped by sociopathic narcissistic leaders who are incapable of understanding the health consequences of infectious diseases or the impact on their population. A cross section of autocratic nations currently experiencing the impact of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) are reviewed to demonstrate the manner where self-serving regimes fail to manage health crises and place the rest of the world at increasing risk. It is time to re-address the pre-SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) global agendas calling for stronger strategic capacity, legal authority, support, and institutional status under World Health Organization (WHO) leadership granted by an International Health Regulations Treaty. Treaties remain the most successful means the world has in preventing, preparing for, and controlling epidemics in an increasingly globalized world.\"Honesty is worth a lot more than hope\u2026\" The Economist, February 17, 2020."}, {"pmid": 31992554, "title": "Chinese premier rallies medics in coronavirus fight.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Moberly, Tom"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31992554", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458422, "pmcid": "PMC7267048", "title": "Patients with bullous disorders during COVID-19 period: management and adherence to treatment.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["De Fata Salvatores, Gaia", "Villani, Alessia", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Di Guida, Adriana"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458422", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32149049, "pmcid": "PMC7052559", "title": "Fear can be more harmful than the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in controlling the corona virus disease 2019 epidemic.", "journal": "World J Clin Cases", "authors": ["Ren, Shi-Yan", "Gao, Rong-Ding", "Chen, Ye-Lin"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149049", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current corona virus disease 2019 outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 started in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has put the world on alert. To safeguard Chinese citizens and to strengthen global health security, China has made great efforts to control the epidemic. Many in the global community have joined China to limit the epidemic. However, discrimination and prejudice driven by fear or misinformation have been flowing globally, superseding evidence and jeopardizing the anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 efforts. We analyze this phenomenon and its underlying causes and suggest practical solutions."}, {"pmid": 32392354, "pmcid": "PMC7273103", "title": "#Med StudentCovid - How social media is supporting students during COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Huddart, Daniel", "Hirniak, Johnathan", "Sethi, Rajiv", "Hayer, Gursharun", "Dibblin, Connor", "Rao, Biyyam Meghna", "Zaman, Mohammed Ehsaanuz", "Jenkins, Cameron", "Hueso, Benjamin", "Sethi, Sunil"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392354", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has disrupted medical education on an international scale with clinical attachments cancelled, assessments and teaching moved online, and numerous universities graduating their final year medical students early to assist pressured health systems. As a result, several innovative educational projects and volunteering opportunities have been established to help care delivery and enhance remote medical education."}, {"pmid": 32531804, "title": "Academic Coaching of Medical Students During COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Lee, Irene Cheng Jie", "Koh, Huishan", "Lai, Siang Hui", "Hwang, Nian Chih"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531804", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic has required many medical schools to adapt existing on-site medical education activities to delivery via online platforms. The sudden switch to a new, unfamiliar model of learning led to additional challenges for students. We observed that students requiring academic support often had ineffective learning strategies, poor motivation, and suboptimal communication skills, all of which were magnified by home-based learning. We therefore established a virtual academic coaching programme to engage these students and to address specific challenges that arose from an adapted educational programme."}, {"pmid": 32466477, "title": "Research Progress of Coronavirus Based on Bibliometric Analysis.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Zhai, Fei", "Zhai, Yuxuan", "Cong, Chuang", "Song, Tingyan", "Xiang, Rongwu", "Feng, Tianyi", "Liang, Zhengxuan", "Zeng, Ya", "Yang, Jing", "Yang, Jie", "Liang, Jiankun"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466477", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become one of the most serious global epidemics in the 21st Century. This study aims to explore the distribution of research capabilities of countries, institutions, and researchers, and the hotspots and frontiers of coronavirus research in the past two decades. In it, references for funding support of urgent projects and international cooperation among research institutions are provided. the Web of Science core collection database was used to retrieve the documents related to coronavirus published from 2003 to 2020. Citespace.5.6.R2, VOSviewer1.6.12, and Excel 2016 were used for bibliometric analysis. 11,036 documents were retrieved, of which China and the United States have contributed the most coronavirus studies, Hong Kong University being the top contributor. Regarding journals, the JournalofVirology has contributed the most, while in terms of researchers, Yuen Kwok Yung has made the most contributions. The proportion of documents published by international cooperation has been rising for decades. Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 are under development, and clinical trials of several drugs are ongoing. international cooperation is an important way to accelerate research progress and achieve success. Developing corresponding vaccines and drugs are the current hotspots and research directions."}, {"pmid": 32387088, "pmcid": "PMC7252075", "title": "Leadership Lessons From Prior Pandemics: Turning the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Into an Opportunity.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Georgiades, Christos"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387088", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425431, "pmcid": "PMC7233258", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and the Olympic Games.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Vaishya, Raju"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425431", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442516, "pmcid": "PMC7236709", "title": "Racial Inequalities in Mortality from Coronavirus: The Tip of the Iceberg.", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Levine, Robert S", "Johnson, Heather M", "Maki, Dennis G", "Hennekens, Charles H"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283139, "pmcid": "PMC7151261", "title": "Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wang, Zhongliang", "Ma, Wanli", "Zheng, Xin", "Wu, Gang", "Zhang, Ruiguang"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283139", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused an epidemic in China and many other countries. Many infected clusters have been found within familial households, but the data about secondary transmission among household contacts is limited. In this retrospective case series, we enrolled 85 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and their household members in Wuhan. Patients were confirmed infected with SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays on throat swabs. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data of the household members were collected. There were 155 close contacts in total. 104 contacts received RT-PCR assays, with 47 (30%) positive cases and 57 (37%) negative cases. 51 (33%) cases did not received RT-PCR tests for they showed no symptoms of pneumonia during the 2 weeks of quarantine. The infection rate of close contacts was 38% for households with 1 contact, 50% for households with 2 contacts, and 31% for households with 3 contacts. The rate of secondary transmission among household contacts of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 30%. Our data provide insight into the rate of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in home."}, {"pmid": 32491094, "pmcid": "PMC7190094", "title": "Covid-19 and the pandemic of fear: reflections on mental health.", "journal": "Rev Saude Publica", "authors": ["Silva, Dandara Almeida Reis da", "Pimentel, Rodrigo Fernandes Weyll", "Merces, Magno Conceicao das"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491094", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32054740, "title": "Labs scramble to produce new coronavirus diagnostics.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon", "Kupferschmidt, Kai"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32054740", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437870, "pmcid": "PMC7211605", "title": "Covid-19 digestive system involvement and clinical outcomes in a large academic hospital in Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Aghemo, Alessio", "Piovani, Daniele", "Parigi, Tommaso Lorenzo", "Brunetta, Enrico", "Pugliese, Nicola", "Vespa, Edoardo", "Omodei, Paolo Dario", "Preatoni, Paoletta", "Lleo, Ana", "Repici, Alessandro", "Voza, Antonio", "Cecconi, Maurizio", "Malesci, Alberto", "Bonovas, Stefanos", "Danese, Silvio"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437870", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497749, "pmcid": "PMC7262520", "title": "COVID-19 and SIC (!).", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Nevzorov, Ilja", "Tulamo, Riikka", "Alback, Anders", "Lassila, Riitta"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497749", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386725, "pmcid": "PMC7252048", "title": "[How to approach follow-up of glaucoma patients during COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Giraud, J-M", "Fenolland, J-R"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330077, "title": "Reply to \"Vascular Changes Detected With Thoracic CT in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Might Be Significant Determinants for Accurate Diagnosis and Optimal Patient Management\".", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Salehi, Sana", "Abedi, Aidin", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330077", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525093, "title": "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by hydroxychloroquine prescribed for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Delaleu, Jeremie", "Deniau, Benjamin", "Battistella, Maxime", "de Masson, Adele", "Bensaid, Benoit", "Jachiet, Marie", "Lazaridou, Ingrid", "Bagot, Martine", "Bouaziz, Jean-David"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525093", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287039, "pmcid": "PMC7175788", "title": "Top Concerns of Tweeters During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infoveillance Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Abd-Alrazaq, Alaa", "Alhuwail, Dari", "Househ, Mowafa", "Hamdi, Mounir", "Shah, Zubair"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287039", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is taking a toll on the world's health care infrastructure as well as the social, economic, and psychological well-being of humanity. Individuals, organizations, and governments are using social media to communicate with each other on a number of issues relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. Not much is known about the topics being shared on social media platforms relating to COVID-19. Analyzing such information can help policy makers and health care organizations assess the needs of their stakeholders and address them appropriately. This study aims to identify the main topics posted by Twitter users related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Leveraging a set of tools (Twitter's search application programming interface (API), Tweepy Python library, and PostgreSQL database) and using a set of predefined search terms (\"corona,\" \"2019-nCov,\" and \"COVID-19\"), we extracted the text and metadata (number of likes and retweets, and user profile information including the number of followers) of public English language tweets from February 2, 2020, to March 15, 2020. We analyzed the collected tweets using word frequencies of single (unigrams) and double words (bigrams). We leveraged latent Dirichlet allocation for topic modeling to identify topics discussed in the tweets. We also performed sentiment analysis and extracted the mean number of retweets, likes, and followers for each topic and calculated the interaction rate per topic. Out of approximately 2.8 million tweets included, 167,073 unique tweets from 160,829 unique users met the inclusion criteria. Our analysis identified 12 topics, which were grouped into four main themes: origin of the virus; its sources; its impact on people, countries, and the economy; and ways of mitigating the risk of infection. The mean sentiment was positive for 10 topics and negative for 2 topics (deaths caused by COVID-19 and increased racism). The mean for tweet topics of account followers ranged from 2722 (increased racism) to 13,413 (economic losses). The highest mean of likes for the tweets was 15.4 (economic loss), while the lowest was 3.94 (travel bans and warnings). Public health crisis response activities on the ground and online are becoming increasingly simultaneous and intertwined. Social media provides an opportunity to directly communicate health information to the public. Health systems should work on building national and international disease detection and surveillance systems through monitoring social media. There is also a need for a more proactive and agile public health presence on social media to combat the spread of fake news."}, {"pmid": 32156677, "title": "Covid-19: UK trade talks with EU must not hinder cooperation in tackling threat, BMA warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156677", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513503, "title": "COVID-19: The Waterloo of governments, healthcare systems, and large health organizations.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Douma, Michael", "Imprialos, Konstantinos P", "Patoulias, Dimitrios", "Katsimardou, Alexandra", "Stavropoulos, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513503", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501789, "title": "Psoriasis-COVID 19 Infection: Treatment Options.", "journal": "Skinmed", "authors": ["Tampouratzi, Eleftheria", "Kanni, Theodora", "Katsantonis, John", "Douvali, Theodora"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501789", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433100, "title": "24th Collegium Ramazzini Statement: Prevention of Work-Related Infection in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Landrigan, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433100", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Workers whose occupations put them in contact with infected persons and the public are at increased risk of COVID-19 infection. The Collegium Ramazzini calls on governments at all levels to protect worker health by strengthening public health systems; maintaining comprehensive social insurance systems; establishing policies that presume all COVID-19 infections in high-risk workers are work-related; enforcing all occupational health standards; and developing pandemic preparedness plans.The Collegium Ramazzini calls on all employers - large and small, public and private - to protect the health of all workers by developing disease preparedness plans; implementing basic infection control measures; establishing disease identification and isolation policies; reducing hazardous exposures; supporting personal protective equipment (PPE) programs; and restricting unnecessary travel. Governments and employers have legal obligations to protect worker health. They are not relieved of these duties during pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32247379, "pmcid": "PMC7269714", "title": "COVID-19 will not leave behind refugees and migrants.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247379", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321722, "title": "To consider or not antimalarials as a prophylactic intervention in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Parperis, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321722", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427184, "pmcid": "PMC7228234", "title": "Restructuring the inpatient advanced pharmacy practice experience to reduce the risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019: Lessons from Saudi Arabia.", "journal": "J Am Coll Clin Pharm", "authors": ["Badreldin, Hisham A", "Alshaya, Omar", "Saleh, Khalid Bin", "Alshaya, Abdulrahman I"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427184", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization announced the rapidly spreading epidemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Almost all countries started to take proactive precautionary measures to reduce the risk of contracting the virus. The education sector, including pharmacy education, has been drastically impacted by this pandemic. During the outbreak, many hospitals instructed the health profession's schools to restrict or prevent the presence of their students and interns in their hospitals in an effort to limit the spread of the virus. Constraining the presence of interns in the affiliated hospital has impacted the integrity of delivering the learning outcomes of each clinical rotation. In this paper, we present the experience of four faculty preceptors in restructuring the advanced pharmacy practice experience in different clinical settings, including critical care, infectious diseases, cardiology, and internal medicine, in order to reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19 at a large academic medical institution in Saudi Arabia. We believe that this experience could provide guidance and insights for other pharmacy schools dealing with this issue during this global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32371551, "title": "The COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) Consortium: A Call to Action.", "journal": "Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev", "authors": ["Chan, Andrew T", "Drew, David A", "Nguyen, Long H", "Joshi, Amit D", "Ma, Wenjie", "Guo, Chuan-Guo", "Lo, Chun-Han", "Mehta, Raaj S", "Kwon, Sohee", "Sikavi, Daniel R", "Magicheva-Gupta, Marina V", "Fatehi, Zahra S", "Flynn, Jacqueline J", "Leonardo, Brianna M", "Albert, Christine M", "Andreotti, Gabriella", "Beane Freeman, Laura E", "Balasubramanian, Bijal A", "Brownstein, John S", "Bruinsma, Fiona", "Cowan, Annie N", "Deka, Anusila", "Ernst, Michael E", "Figueiredo, Jane C", "Franks, Paul W", "Gardner, Christopher D", "Ghobrial, Irene M", "Haiman, Christopher A", "Hall, Janet E", "Deming-Halverson, Sandra L", "Kirpach, Brenda", "Lacey, James V", "Le Marchand, Loic", "Marinac, Catherine R", "Martinez, Maria Elena", "Milne, Roger L", "Murray, Anne M", "Nash, Denis", "Palmer, Julie R", "Patel, Alpa V", "Rosenberg, Lynn", "Sandler, Dale P", "Sharma, Shreela V", "Schurman, Shepherd H", "Wilkens, Lynne R", "Chavarro, Jorge E", "Eliassen, A Heather", "Hart, Jaime E", "Kang, Jae Hee", "Koenen, Karestan C", "Kubzansky, Laura D", "Mucci, Lorelei A", "Ourselin, Sebastien", "Rich-Edwards, Janet W", "Song, Mingyang", "Stampfer, Meir J", "Steves, Claire J", "Willett, Walter C", "Wolf, Jonathan", "Spector, Tim"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371551", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid pace of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19) pandemic presents challenges to the real-time collection of population-scale data to inform near-term public health needs as well as future investigations. We established the COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) consortium to address this unprecedented crisis on behalf of the epidemiology research community. As a central component of this initiative, we have developed a COVID-19 Symptom Tracker mobile application as a common data collection tool for epidemiologic cohort studies with active study participants. This mobile application collects information on risk factors, daily symptoms, and outcomes through a user-friendly interface that minimizes participant burden. Combined with our efforts within the general population, data collected from nearly 3 million participants in the United States and United Kingdom are being used to address critical needs in the emergency response, including identifying potential hotspots of disease and clinically actionable risk factors. The linkage of symptom data collected in the app with information and biospecimens already collected in epidemiology cohorts will position us to address key questions related to diet, lifestyle, environmental and socioeconomic factors on susceptibility to COVID-19, clinical outcomes related to infection, and long-term physical, mental health, and financial sequalae. We call upon additional epidemiology cohorts to join this collective effort to strengthen our impact on the current health crisis and generate a new model for a collaborative and nimble research infrastructure that will lead to more rapid translation of our work for the betterment of public health."}, {"pmid": 32342122, "pmcid": "PMC7184543", "title": "[BK 3101: COVID-19 infection of the ENT physician is an occupational disease, not an occupational accident].", "journal": "HNO", "authors": ["Michel, O"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342122", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284245, "pmcid": "PMC7151479", "title": "The Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Urological Practice in the COVID-19 Era: Is \"Safe Better than Sorry\"?", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Pradere, Benjamin", "Ploussard, Guillaume", "Catto, James W F", "Roupret, Morgan", "Misrai, Vincent"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284245", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448876, "title": "[Another effect of CoViD-19: turning on the lights on the Italian prison situation.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Camposeragna, Antonella"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448876", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some violence related to CoViD-19 counteracting measures occurred in some Italian prison last month. Epidemic CoViD-19 reflects the higher risk of infections among inmates and personnel, due to closed proximity, prison overcrowding and structural conditions of Italian prisons. In the world, the higher risk infections among prisoners has been investigated in many studies, showing that, compared with the general public, people in prisons have a higher prevalence of infection such as HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and tuberculosis. This is recognized as a major issue for the health of people in prisons, as well as the general population, because the majority of people who have been incarcerated will subsequently return to their communities. In Italy there are no enough available data to know the sanitary impact of such epidemic, so that preventive measures are extremely urgent."}, {"pmid": 32338320, "pmcid": "PMC7183928", "title": "Covid-19 treatment update: follow the scientific evidence.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Becker, Richard C"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338320", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524266, "title": "Management of Structural Heart Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Curr Atheroscler Rep", "authors": ["Giordano, Arturo", "Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe", "Frati, Giacomo", "Bartorelli, Antonio L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524266", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Transcatheter interventions for structural heart disease (SHD) now represent an effective alternative to surgery in selected patients. A clear premise is that delay in or neglect of treating patients in need of SHD intervention is associated with unavoidable morbidity and mortality because many of them have life-threatening conditions. However, the recent outbreak of coronavirus-associated disease-2019 (COVID-19) is placing an unprecedented strain on patients, physicians and world healthcare systems that resulted in deferral of elective and semi-elective procedures, such as SHD, and delay in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We hereby present the case for a focused resumption of transcatheter SHD interventions in selected centers, in order to preserve patient safety and avoid that death rate will extend far beyond that directly associated with COVID-19. A similar approach should be applied to the invasive management of ACS. Indeed, a proactive and vigilant stance on managing SHD and ACS is crucial, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the risk of overlooking severely sick patients or postponing life-saving treatments is high. If such corrective measures are not put into effect, we may expect in the near future an excess of avoidable fatalities indirectly due to COVID-19 but truly caused by cardiovascular diseases, as well as an exceedingly large number of patients with severe heart failure leading to shorter life expectancy, reduced quality of life and increased healthcare cost."}, {"pmid": 32301809, "pmcid": "PMC7188054", "title": "A Low Cost, Safe and Effective Method for Smoke Evacuation in Laparoscopic Surgery for Suspected Coronavirus Patients.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Mintz, Yoav", "Arezzo, Alberto", "Boni, Luigi", "Chand, Manish", "Brodie, Ronit", "Fingerhut, Abe"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301809", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486811, "title": "Real-time observations of the impact of COVID-19 on underwater noise.", "journal": "J Acoust Soc Am", "authors": ["Thomson, Dugald J M", "Barclay, David R"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486811", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A slowdown in global trade activity due to COVID-19 has led to a reduction in commercial shipping traffic into the Port of Vancouver. The Ocean Networks Canada observatory system provides researchers real-time access to oceanographic data from a wide range of instruments including hydrophones located along the offshore and inshore approaches to Vancouver. Measurements of power spectral density at 100\u2009Hz from four of these bottom mounted hydrophones are presented, along with AIS data and shipping and trade statistics to assess to what extent the economic impact of COVID-19 can be observed acoustically and in near real-time. The quarterly trend in median weekly noise power in the shipping band of frequencies shows that a reduction in noise commensurate with the economic slowdown has been observed at three of the four hydrophone stations."}, {"pmid": 32297983, "pmcid": "PMC7262321", "title": "Case fatality rate analysis of Italian COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Giangreco, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297983", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Italian outbreak of COVID-19 cases is a public health emergency and there is a worldwide tremendous interest in the evaluation of the Italian epidemic evolution. Indeed, from February 2020, Italy is facing an explosion of COVID-19 cases. In particular, the Italian observed case fatality rate (CFR) is much higher than the other countries. Recently, it has been hypothesized that the extensive number of intergenerational contacts-typical of Italian culture-could contribute to explain the high number of deaths observed in Italy. However, through an analysis performed for all the Italian regions, here it is shown that the deaths are localized in specific regions and that the CFRs of different Italian regions are overlapping with the rates of European countries. Moreover, through correlation analyses between CFRs and different social habits, it is shown that no positive correlation is observed between social behaviors and CFRs. In conclusion, this analysis clearly rejects the possibility that social habits and intergenerational contacts can contribute to explaining such a profound effect on the number of deaths observed in Italy during the COVID-19 outbreak and more effort should be addressed to evaluate the real amount of positive cases."}, {"pmid": 32333437, "pmcid": "PMC7267513", "title": "Cardiac surgery in the time of the coronavirus.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Fudulu, Daniel P", "Angelini, Gianni D"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333437", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current Covid-19 pandemic is a significant global health threat. The outbreak has profoundly affected all healthcare professionals, including heart surgeons. To adapt to these exceptional circumstances, cardiac surgeons had to change their practice significantly. We herein discuss the challenges and broad implications of the Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of the heart surgeons."}, {"pmid": 32474033, "pmcid": "PMC7255758", "title": "Markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Kunutsor, Setor K", "Laukkanen, Jari A"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474033", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269082, "title": "Covid-19: Testing times for the government-but not for NHS staff.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Cowper, Andy"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269082", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386576, "pmcid": "PMC7251993", "title": "COVID-19 in Brazil: \"So what?\"", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386576", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335607, "title": "Understanding COVID-19 in Nepal.", "journal": "J Nepal Health Res Counc", "authors": ["Pun, Sher Bahadur", "Mandal, Shrawan", "Bhandari, Lilanath", "Jha, Santoshananda", "Rajbhandari, Sagar", "Mishra, Abdhesh Kumar", "Sharma Chalise, Bimal", "Shah, Rajesh"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335607", "countries": ["China", "Nepal"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in 31 December 2019 in Wuhan City, China. The first case of COVID-19 was officially announced on 24 January, 2020, in Nepal. Nine COVID-19 cases have been reported in Nepal. We aim to describe our experiences of COVID-19 patients in Nepal. Keywords: COVID-19; experience; Nepal."}, {"pmid": 32512110, "title": "Perceived Impact of Urologic Surgery Training Program Modifications due to COVID-19 in the United States.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Fero, Katherine E", "Weinberger, James M", "Lerman, Steven", "Bergman, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512110", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Significant healthcare disruption due to pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has implications across all aspects of clinical care in the United States (US). In this study, we aim to assess urology residency program modifications in the context of COVID-19, and perceptions of the impact on urology trainees. A cross-sectional survey of program leadership and residents at accredited US urology residencies was administered between April 28, 2020 - March 11, 2020. Total cohort responses are reported, and sub-analyses were preformed comparing responses between those in in high vs low COVID-19 geographic regions, and between program leaders vs residents. Program leaders from 43% of programs and residents from 18% of programs responded. Respondents reported decreased surgical volume (83%-100% varying by subspecialty), increased use of telehealth (99%), a transition to virtual educational platforms (95%) and decreased size of inpatient resident teams (90%). Most residents are participating in care of COVID-19 patients (83%) and 20% endorsed that urology residents have been re-deployed. 79% of respondents perceive a negative impact of recent events on urology surgery training and anxiety regarding competency upon completion of residency training was more pronounced among respondents in high COVID-19 regions. Major modifications to urology training programs were implemented in response to COVID-19. Attention must be paid to the downstream effects of the training disruption on urology residents."}, {"pmid": 32196544, "pmcid": "PMC7106065", "title": "Supporting Clinicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Dewey, Charlene", "Hingle, Susan", "Goelz, Elizabeth", "Linzer, Mark"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196544", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294271, "pmcid": "PMC7262075", "title": "COVID-19 and Cutaneous manifestations.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294271", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407329, "pmcid": "PMC7224512", "title": "Herd immunity and a vaccination game: An experimental study.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Lim, Wooyoung", "Zhang, Pengfei"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407329", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Would the affected communities voluntarily obtain herd immunity if a cure for COVID-19 was available? This paper experimentally investigates people's vaccination choices in the context of a nonlinear public good game. A \"vaccination game\" is defined in which costly commitments (vaccination) are required of a fraction of the population to reach the critical level needed for herd immunity, without which defectors are punished by the natural contagion of epidemics. Our experimental implementation of a vaccination game in a controlled laboratory setting reveals that endogenous epidemic punishment is a credible threat, resulting in voluntary vaccination to obtain herd immunity, for which the orthodox principle of positive externalities fails to account. The concave nature of the infection probability plays a key role in facilitating the elimination of an epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32463422, "title": "Conducting Clinical Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protecting Scientific Integrity.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Fleming, Thomas R", "Labriola, Dominic", "Wittes, Janet"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463422", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484380, "title": "Time for a Paradigm Shift in Head and Neck Cancer Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Han, Albert Y", "Miller, Jessa E", "Long, Jennifer L", "St John, Maie A"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484380", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused physicians and surgeons to consider restructuring traditional cancer management paradigms. We aim to review the current evidence regarding the diagnosis and management of head and neck cancer, with an emphasis on the role of the multidisciplinary team (MDT) during a pandemic. COVID-19 resources from PubMed, Google Scholar, the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and the American Head and Neck Society were examined. Studies and guidelines related to the multidisciplinary management of head and neck cancer in the COVID-19 setting were reviewed. A total of 54 studies were included. Given the continuously evolving body of literature, the sources cited include the latest statements from medical and dental societies. The unpredictable fluctuation of hospital resources and the risk of the nosocomial spread of SARS-CoV-2 have direct effects on head and neck cancer management. Using an MDT approach to help define \"essential surgery\" for immediately life- or function-threatening disease processes in the context of available hospital resources will help to maximize outcomes. Early enrollment in an MDT is often critical for considering nonsurgical options to protect patients and health care workers. The role of the MDT continues after cancer treatment, if delivered, and the MDT plays an essential role in surveillance and survivorship programs in these challenging times. Head and neck cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic poses a unique challenge for all specialists involved. Early MDT involvement is important to maximize patient outcomes and satisfaction in the context of public and community safety."}, {"pmid": 32385186, "title": "Preserving stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Potential issues and solutions.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Leira, Enrique C", "Russman, Andrew N", "Biller, Jose", "Brown, Devin L", "Bushnell, Cheryl D", "Caso, Valeria", "Chamorro, Angel", "Creutzfeldt, Claire J", "Cruz-Flores, Salvador", "Elkind, Mitchell S V", "Fayad, Pierre", "Froehler, Michael T", "Goldstein, Larry B", "Gonzales, Nicole R", "Kaskie, Brian", "Khatri, Pooja", "Livesay, Sarah", "Liebeskind, David S", "Majersik, Jennifer J", "Moheet, Asma", "Romano, Jose G", "Sanossian, Nerses", "Sansing, Lauren H", "Silver, Brian", "Simpkins, Alexis N", "Smith, Wade", "Tirschwell, David L", "Wang, David Z", "Yavagal, Dileep R", "Worrall, Bradford B"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385186", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires drastic changes in allocation of resources which can affect the delivery of stroke care, and many providers are seeking guidance. As caregivers, we are guided by 3 distinct principles that will occasionally conflict during the pandemic: (1) We must ensure the best care for those stricken with COVID-19, (2) We must provide excellent care and advocacy for patients with cerebrovascular disease and their families, and (3) We must advocate for the safety of healthcare personnel managing patients with stroke, with particular attention to those most vulnerable, including trainees. This descriptive review by a diverse group of experts in stroke care aims to provide advice by specifically addressing the potential impact of this pandemic on: (1) the quality of the stroke care delivered, (2) ethical considerations in stroke care, (3) safety & logistic issues for providers of stroke patients, and (4) stroke research. Our recommendations on these issues represent our best opinions given the available information, but are subject to revision as the situation related to the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve. We expect that ongoing emergent research will offer additional insights that will provide evidence that could prompt the modification or removal of some of these recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32384387, "title": "A Postpartum Death Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Vallejo, Victoria", "Ilagan, John G"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384387", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Limited U.S. reports of pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection describe a few critical cases and no maternal mortality. A 36-year-old patient at 37 weeks of gestation presented with shortness of breath, fever, cough, and sore throat for 1 week. Within 3 hours of admission, she experienced respiratory distress, required intubation, and underwent cesarean delivery and transfer to the intensive care unit. She subsequently decompensated, with multiorgan failure, sepsis, and cardiopulmonary arrest within 36 hours, despite aggressive supportive care and investigational therapies. A pregnant patient with COVID-19 infection can experience a rapid onset of critical complications that may prove fatal, despite an indolent presentation. The pathogenesis leading to rapid deterioration is unknown."}, {"pmid": 32445723, "pmcid": "PMC7239790", "title": "Water scarcity and COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Anim, Desmond Ofosu", "Ofori-Asenso, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445723", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242113, "title": "Is the coronavirus airborne? Experts can't agree.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Lewis, Dyani"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242113", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321004, "title": "[What is urgent and necessary to inform policies to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil?]", "journal": "Rev Bras Epidemiol", "authors": ["Barreto, Mauricio Lima", "Barros, Aluisio Jardim Dornellas de", "Carvalho, Marilia Sa", "Codeco, Claudia Torres", "Hallal, Pedro Rodrigues Curi", "Medronho, Roberto de Andrade", "Struchiner, Claudio Jose", "Victora, Cesar Gomes", "Werneck, Guilherme Loureiro"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321004", "countries": ["Brazil"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388705, "pmcid": "PMC7211049", "title": "A Unique Presentation of COVID-19 in a Patient Post Sleeve Gastrectomy.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Taube, Catharine", "Mansour, Sami", "Hakky, Sherif"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388705", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443202, "pmcid": "PMC7194566", "title": "Disinfection technology of hospital wastes and wastewater: Suggestions for disinfection strategy during coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China.", "journal": "Environ Pollut", "authors": ["Wang, Jiao", "Shen, Jin", "Ye, Dan", "Yan, Xu", "Zhang, Yujing", "Yang, Wenjing", "Li, Xinwu", "Wang, Junqi", "Zhang, Liubo", "Pan, Lijun"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443202", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hospitals are important sources of pollutants resulted from diagnostic, laboratory and research activities as well as medicine excretion by patients, which include active component of drugs and metabolite, chemicals, residues of pharmaceuticals, radioactive markers, iodinated contrast media, etc. The discharge of hospital wastes and wastewater, especially those without appropriate treatment would expose the public in danger of infection. In particular, under the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic context in China, it is of great significance to reduce the health risks to the public and environment. In this study, technologies of different types of hospital wastes and wastewater disinfection have been summarized. Liquid chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet irradiation disinfection are commonly used for hospital wastewater disinfection. While incineration, chemical disinfection, and physical disinfection are commonly used for hospital wastes disinfection. In addition, considering the characteristics of various hospital wastes, the classification and selection of corresponding disinfection technologies are discussed. On this basis, this study provides scientific suggestions for management, technology selection, and operation of hospital wastes and wastewater disinfection in China, which is of great significance for development of national disinfection strategy for hospital wastes and wastewater during COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32507368, "title": "SARS-COV-2 associated acute pancreatitis: Cause, consequence or epiphenomenon?", "journal": "Pancreatology", "authors": ["Bonney, Glenn Kunnath", "Gao, Yujia", "Chew, Claire Alexandra", "Windsor, John Albert"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507368", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497778, "pmcid": "PMC7263237", "title": "A pharmacological interactome between COVID-19 patient samples and human sensory neurons reveals potential drivers of neurogenic pulmonary dysfunction.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Ray, Pradipta R", "Wangzhou, Andi", "Ghneim, Nizar", "Yousuf, Muhammad S", "Paige, Candler", "Tavares-Ferreira, Diana", "Mwirigi, Juliet M", "Shiers, Stephanie", "Sankaranarayanan, Ishwarya", "McFarland, Amelia J", "Neerukonda, Sanjay V", "Davidson, Steve", "Dussor, Gregory", "Burton, Michael D", "Price, Theodore J"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497778", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 virus infects cells of the airway and lungs in humans causing the disease COVID-19. This disease is characterized by cough, shortness of breath, and in severe cases causes pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which can be fatal. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma from mild and severe cases of COVID-19 have been profiled using protein measurements and bulk and single cell RNA sequencing. Onset of pneumonia and ARDS can be rapid in COVID-19, suggesting a potential neuronal involvement in pathology and mortality. We hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection drives changes in immune cell-derived factors that then interact with receptors expressed by the sensory neuronal innervation of the lung to further promote important aspects of disease severity, including ARDS. We sought to quantify how immune cells might interact with sensory innervation of the lung in COVID-19 using published data from patients, existing RNA sequencing datasets from human dorsal root ganglion neurons and other sources, and a genome-wide ligand-receptor pair database curated for pharmacological interactions relevant for neuro-immune interactions. Our findings reveal a landscape of ligand-receptor interactions in the lung caused by SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and point to potential interventions to reduce the burden of neurogenic inflammation in COVID-19 pulmonary disease. In particular, our work highlights opportunities for clinical trials with existing or under development rheumatoid arthritis and other (e.g. CCL2, CCR5 or EGFR inhibitors) drugs to treat high risk or severe COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32361446, "title": "SutteARIMA: Short-term forecasting method, a case: Covid-19 and stock market in Spain.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ahmar, Ansari Saleh", "Del Val, Eva Boj"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361446", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to predict the short-term of confirmed cases of covid-19 and IBEX in Spain by using SutteARIMA method. Confirmed data of Covid-19 in Spanish was obtained from Worldometer and Spain Stock Market data (IBEX 35) was data obtained from Yahoo Finance. Data started from 12 February 2020-09 April 2020 (the date on Covid-19 was detected in Spain). The data from 12 February 2020-02 April 2020 using to fitting with data from 03 April 2020 - 09 April 2020. Based on the fitting data, we can conducted short-term forecast for 3 future period (10 April 2020 - 12 April 2020 for Covid-19 and 14 April 2020 - 16 April 2020 for IBEX). In this study, the SutteARIMA method will be used. For the evaluation of the forecasting methods, we applied forecasting accuracy measures, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Based on the results of ARIMA and SutteARIMA forecasting methods, it can be concluded that the SutteARIMA method is more suitable than ARIMA to calculate the daily forecasts of confirmed cases of Covid-19 and IBEX in Spain. The MAPE value of 0.036 (smaller than 0.03 compared to MAPE value of ARIMA) for confirmed cases of Covid-19 in Spain and was in the amount of 0.026 for IBEX stock. At the end of the analysis, this study used the SutteARIMA method, this study calculated daily forecasts of confirmed cases of Covid-19 in Spain from 10 April 2020 until 12 April 2020 i.e. 158925; 164390; and 169969 and Spain Stock Market from 14 April 2020 until 16 April 2020 i.e. 7000.61; 6930.61; and 6860.62."}, {"pmid": 32418652, "pmcid": "PMC7203052", "title": "Perinatal mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Women Birth", "authors": ["Matvienko-Sikar, Karen", "Meedya, Shahla", "Ravaldi, Claudia"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418652", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317316, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine reduces the risk of covid-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases: myth or reality?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Xie, Wenhui", "Wang, Yu", "Zhang, Zhuoli"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317316", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455491, "title": "Low prevalence of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease among intensive care unit patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Avdeev, Sergey", "Moiseev, Sergey", "Brovko, Michail", "Yavorovskiy, Andrey", "Umbetova, Karina", "Akulkina, Larisa", "Tsareva, Natalya", "Merzhoeva, Zamira", "Gainitdinova, Viliya", "Fomin, Victor"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455491", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350571, "pmcid": "PMC7190393", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 will continue to circulate in the human population: an opinion from the point of view of the virus-host relationship.", "journal": "Inflamm Res", "authors": ["Oberemok, Volodymyr V", "Laikova, Kateryna V", "Yurchenko, Kseniya A", "Fomochkina, Irina I", "Kubyshkin, Anatolii V"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350571", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the population level, the virus-host relationship is not set up to end with the complete elimination of either or both. Pathogen-resistant individuals will always remain in the host population. In turn, the virus can never completely eliminate the host population, because evolutionarily such an event is a dead end for the virus as an obligate intracellular parasite. A certain existential balance exists in the virus-host relationship. Against this backdrop, viral epidemics and pandemics only become manifest and egregious to human beings when tens and hundreds of thousands of people die and the question emerges what caused the high mortality peaks on the death chart. The answer seems clear; the emerging strain of the virus is new to the host population, and new mutations of the virus and natural selection will lead to a survival of only genetically resistant individuals in a host population. The dangers inherent to a novel virus are due to new features generally inthe molecular structure of proteins, which enable the virus to infect the cells of the host organism more intensively, dramatically challenging host immunity, and thus be transmitted more readily in the host population. In this article, we will concentrate on the facts currently available about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic and try to predict its development and consequences based on the virus-host relationship. In fact, only two scenarios will occur simultaneously in the very near future: people who are genetically resistant to the virus will get sick, recover, and develop immunity, while people who are sensitive to the virus will need drugs and vaccines, which will have to be researched and developed if they are to recover. If the pandemic does not stop, in a few decades it is anticipated that SARS-CoV-2 will become as safe as the four non-severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E) currently circulating but causing low mortality in the human population."}, {"pmid": 32503853, "title": "COVID-19 infection in a patient with FMF: does colchicine have a protective effect?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Kobak, Senol"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503853", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437226, "title": "Covid-19: A new challenge for forensic medicine.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Stefania, Zerbo", "Ginevra, Malta", "Elvira, Ventura Spagnolo", "Antonina, Argo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437226", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425316, "pmcid": "PMC7229736", "title": "Hand sanitisers amid CoViD-19: A critical review of alcohol-based products on the market and formulation approaches to respond to increasing demand.", "journal": "Int J Pharm", "authors": ["Berardi, Alberto", "Perinelli, Diego R", "Merchant, Hamid A", "Bisharat, Lorina", "Basheti, Iman A", "Bonacucina, Giulia", "Cespi, Marco", "Palmieri, Giovanni F"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425316", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32423249, "title": "Physical activity/inactivity and COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Crisafulli, Antonio", "Pagliaro, Pasquale"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423249", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273141, "pmcid": "PMC7138186", "title": "Abdominal and testicular pain: An atypical presentation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Kim, Jesi", "Thomsen, Todd", "Sell, Naomi", "Goldsmith, Andrew J"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273141", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32007643, "pmcid": "PMC7110798", "title": "Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Lin, Qianyin", "Ran, Jinjun", "Musa, Salihu S", "Yang, Guangpu", "Wang, Weiming", "Lou, Yijun", "Gao, Daozhou", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai", "Wang, Maggie H"], "date": "2020-02-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32007643", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia hit a major city in China, Wuhan, December 2019 and subsequently reached other provinces/regions of China and other countries. We present estimates of the basic reproduction number, R0, of 2019-nCoV in the early phase of the outbreak. Accounting for the impact of the variations in disease reporting rate, we modelled the epidemic curve of 2019-nCoV cases time series, in mainland China from January 10 to January 24, 2020, through the exponential growth. With the estimated intrinsic growth rate (\u03b3), we estimated R0 by using the serial intervals (SI) of two other well-known coronavirus diseases, MERS and SARS, as approximations for the true unknown SI. The early outbreak data largely follows the exponential growth. We estimated that the mean R0 ranges from 2.24 (95%CI: 1.96-2.55) to 3.58 (95%CI: 2.89-4.39) associated with 8-fold to 2-fold increase in the reporting rate. We demonstrated that changes in reporting rate substantially affect estimates of R0. The mean estimate of R0 for the 2019-nCoV ranges from 2.24 to 3.58, and is significantly larger than 1. Our findings indicate the potential of 2019-nCoV to cause outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32396655, "pmcid": "PMC7262012", "title": "Dermatological procedures amidst Covid-19: when and how to resume.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Jindal, Anuradha", "Noronha, Malcom", "Mysore, Venkataram"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396655", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of covid-19 has captivated more than 3 Million people across the globe affecting the dermatology practice as well. Due to the novel nature of the virus and concomitant lack of research, standard guidelines have not been set in place regarding the procedures. Currently, due to fear and spread of coronavirus aesthetic practice has taken a seat back. Dermatologic surgeon/aesthetician have to be prepared for the forthcoming alterations in the practice and adjust to the necessary precautionary methods. This articles aims to prepare dermatologist for the upcoming difficulties and precautions to be taken for conducting procedures in amidst of coronavirus. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32339708, "pmcid": "PMC7195376", "title": "Telemedicine for inpatient dermatology consultations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Trinidad, John", "Kroshinsky, Daniela", "Kaffenberger, Benjamin H", "Rojek, Nathan W"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265036, "pmcid": "PMC7128118", "title": "A British Society of Thoracic Imaging statement: considerations in designing local imaging diagnostic algorithms for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Nair, A", "Rodrigues, J C L", "Hare, S", "Edey, A", "Devaraj, A", "Jacob, J", "Johnstone, A", "McStay, R", "Denton, Erika", "Robinson, G"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265036", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429536, "title": "Emerging Adults and COVID-19: The Role of Individualism-Collectivism on Perceived Risks and Psychological Maladjustment.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Germani, Alessandro", "Buratta, Livia", "Delvecchio, Elisa", "Mazzeschi, Claudia"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429536", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatically changed our habits and routines. Uncertainty, insecurity, instability for the present and future, and reduced autonomy and self-directedness, are common feelings at the time of COVID-19. These aspects are very important during emerging adulthood. In spite of the fact that medical reports suggest that youth are less prone to experience COVID-19 infections, emerging adults might be at higher risk for their psychological adjustment. Emerging adults showed higher concerns about their role as a possible asymptomatic carrier than being positive with COVID-19 themselves. Both worries and concerns about COVID-19 and psychological maladjustment may be related to cultural factors. Individualism, collectivism, equality, and hierarchy seem to be meaningful perspectives to take into account. A total of 1183 Italian emerging adults were asked to fill out an online survey during the second week of the national lockdown in Italy. Results showed they reported an accurate perceived knowledge about COVID-19. At the same time, they showed higher worries and concerns about COVID-19 for their relatives, followed by more general/social worries. The lowest score included worries about COVID-19 related to themselves. State anxiety and stress levels were above the normal cutoff, confirming the challenges that emerging adults are facing during the pandemic. On one hand, emerging adults' collectivistic orientation was related to higher perceived risks of infection; on the other hand, it predicted lower psychological maladjustment, controlling for socio-demographic variables. The study suggests that to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and decrease levels of psychological maladjustment in emerging adulthood, individuals' cultural orientation such as the wish of sharing common goals with others, interdependence, and sociability, have to be emphasized and promoted as protective factors."}, {"pmid": 32451324, "title": "Covid-19: Public health must be \"at the core\" of global recovery plans, say doctors.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451324", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243296, "pmcid": "PMC7173035", "title": "The Essential Role of Patient Blood Management in a Pandemic: A Call for Action.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Shander, Aryeh", "Goobie, Susan Marie", "Warner, Matthew A", "Aapro, Matti", "Bisbe, Elvira", "Perez-Calatayud, Angel A", "Callum, Jeannie", "Cushing, Melissa M", "Dyer, Wayne B", "Erhard, Jochen", "Faraoni, David", "Farmer, Shannon", "Fedorova, Tatyana", "Frank, Steven M", "Froessler, Bernd", "Gombotz, Hans", "Gross, Irwin", "Guinn, Nicole R", "Haas, Thorsten", "Hamdorf, Jeffrey", "Isbister, James P", "Javidroozi, Mazyar", "Ji, Hongwen", "Kim, Young-Woo", "Kor, Daryl J", "Kurz, Johann", "Lasocki, Sigismond", "Leahy, Michael F", "Lee, Cheuk-Kwong", "Lee, Jeong Jae", "Louw, Vernon", "Meier, Jens", "Mezzacasa, Anna", "Munoz, Manuel", "Ozawa, Sherri", "Pavesi, Marco", "Shander, Nina", "Spahn, Donat R", "Spiess, Bruce D", "Thomson, Jackie", "Trentino, Kevin", "Zenger, Christoph", "Hofmann, Axel"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243296", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pandemic. Global health care now faces unprecedented challenges with widespread and rapid human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and high morbidity and mortality with COVID-19 worldwide. Across the world, the medical care is hampered by a critical shortage of not only hand sanitizers, personal protective equipment, ventilators and hospital beds, but also impediments to the blood supply. Blood donation centers in many areas around the globe have mostly closed. Donors, practicing social distancing, some either with illness or undergoing self-quarantine, are quickly diminishing. Drastic public health initiatives have focused on containment and \"flattening the curve\" while invaluable resources are being depleted. In some countries, the point is reached at which demand for such resources, including donor blood outstrips supply. Questions as to the safety of blood persist. Although it does not appear very likely that the virus can be transmitted through allogeneic blood transfusion, this still remains to be fully determined. As options dwindle, we must enact regional and national shortage plans worldwide, and more vitally disseminate the knowledge of and immediately implement Patient Blood Management (PBM). PBM is an evidence-based bundle of care to optimize medical and surgical patient outcomes by clinically managing and preserving a patient's own blood. This multinational and diverse group of authors issue this \"Call to Action\" underscoring \"The Essential Role of Patient Blood Management in the Management of Pandemics\" and urging all stakeholders and providers to implement the practical and common-sense principles of PBM and its multi-professional and multimodality approaches."}, {"pmid": 32445237, "pmcid": "PMC7267137", "title": "Management of telogen effluvium during the COVID-19 emergency: Psychological implications.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Rivetti, Nicolo", "Barruscotti, Stefania"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445237", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498078, "title": "Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in the COVID-19 pandemic: consequences of antihypertensive drugs.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Ruilope, Luis M", "Tamargo, Juan", "Ruiz-Hurtado, Gema"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498078", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32016738, "pmcid": "PMC7100724", "title": "Coronavirus: Stehen wir am Beginn einer neuen Pandemie?", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Bogner, Johannes R"], "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32016738", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423895, "title": "Managing Ramadan queries in COVID-19.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Waqar, Salman", "Ghouri, Nazim"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423895", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497149, "title": "In silico veritas? Potential limitations for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development based on T-cell epitope prediction.", "journal": "PLoS Pathog", "authors": ["Silva-Arrieta, Sandra", "Goulder, Philip J R", "Brander, Christian"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497149", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284037, "title": "Perspective on the COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreak.", "journal": "Comb Chem High Throughput Screen", "authors": ["Lushington, Gerald H"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284037", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32170800, "pmcid": "PMC7228211", "title": "Consensus of Chinese experts on protection of skin and mucous membrane barrier for health-care workers fighting against coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Yan, Yicen", "Chen, Hui", "Chen, Liuqing", "Cheng, Bo", "Diao, Ping", "Dong, Liyun", "Gao, Xinghua", "Gu, Heng", "He, Li", "Ji, Chao", "Jin, Hongzhong", "Lai, Wei", "Lei, Tiechi", "Li, Li", "Li, Liuyi", "Li, Ruoyu", "Liu, Dongxian", "Liu, Wei", "Lu, Qianjin", "Shi, Ying", "Song, Jiquan", "Tao, Juan", "Wang, Baoxi", "Wang, Gang", "Wu, Yan", "Xiang, Leihong", "Xie, Jun", "Xu, Jinhua", "Yao, Zhirong", "Zhang, Furen", "Zhang, Jianzhong", "Zhong, Shaomin", "Li, Hengjin", "Li, Hang"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32170800", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health professions preventing and controlling Coronavirus Disease 2019 are prone to skin and mucous membrane injury, which may cause acute and chronic dermatitis, secondary infection and aggravation of underlying skin diseases. This is a consensus of Chinese experts on protective measures and advice on hand-cleaning- and medical-glove-related hand protection, mask- and goggles-related face protection, UV-related protection, eye protection, nasal and oral mucosa protection, outer ear, and hair protection. It is necessary to strictly follow standards of wearing protective equipment and specification of sterilizing and cleaning. Insufficient and excessive protection will have adverse effects on the skin and mucous membrane barrier. At the same time, using moisturizing products is highly recommended to achieve better protection."}, {"pmid": 32474101, "pmcid": "PMC7255756", "title": "Neurosurgery Practice During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Ozoner, Baris", "Gungor, Abuzer", "Hasanov, Teyyup", "Toktas, Zafer Orcun", "Kilic, Turker"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474101", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious, life-threatening condition with unprecedented impacts for worldwide societies and healthcare systems. Since the first detection in China, it has spread rapidly worldwide. The increased burden has substantially impacted the neurosurgery practice and intensive modifications were required in surgical scheduling, inpatient and outpatient clinics, management of emergency cases, and even academic activities. In some systems, non-overlapping teams were created to minimize transmission among healthcare workers. In case of a massive burden, neurosurgeons may be needed to reassign to the COVID-19 wards, or teams from other regions may be needed to send to severely affected areas. In outpatient practice, if possible, appointments should be turned into telemedicine. All staff assigned in the non-COVID treatment unit should be clothed in level 1 personal protective equipment. If possible, postponement is recommended for operations that do not require urgent or emergent intervention. All patients indicated for surgery must receive a COVID-19 screening, including nasopharyngeal swab, and thorax computed tomography. Level 2 protection measures would be appropriate during COVID-19 negative patients' operations. Operations of COVID-19 positive patients, and emergency cases, where screening can not be obtained, should be performed following level 3 protective measures. During surgery, the use of high-speed drills and electrocautery should be reduced to minimize aerosol production. Screening is crucial in all patients since the surgical outcome is highly mortal in COVID-19 patients. All educational and academic conferences can be turned into virtual webinars."}, {"pmid": 32369827, "title": "Every cloud: how the COVID-19 pandemic may benefit child health.", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Roland, Damian", "Stansfield, Brian K"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369827", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387968, "pmcid": "PMC7191278", "title": "Clinical evaluation of an immunochromatographic IgM/IgG antibody assay and chest computed tomography for the diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Imai, Kazuo", "Tabata, Sakiko", "Ikeda, Mayu", "Noguchi, Sakiko", "Kitagawa, Yutaro", "Matuoka, Masaru", "Miyoshi, Kazuyasu", "Tarumoto, Norihito", "Sakai, Jun", "Ito, Toshimitsu", "Maesaki, Shigefumi", "Tamura, Kaku", "Maeda, Takuya"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387968", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We evaluated the clinical performance of an immunochromatographic (IC) IgM/IgG antibody assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and chest computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We examined 139 serum specimens collected from 112 patients with COVID-19 and 48 serum specimens collected from 48 non-COVID-19 patients. The presence of IgM/IgG antibody for SARS-COV2 was determined using the One Step Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) IgM/IgG Antibody Test. Chest CT was performed in COVID-19 patients on admission. Of the139 COVID-19 serum specimens, IgM was detected in 27.8 %, 48.0 %, and 95.8 % of the specimens collected within 1 week, 1-2 weeks, and >2 weeks after symptom onset and IgG was detected in 3.3 %, 8.0 %, and 62.5 %, respectively. Among the 48 non-COVID-19 serum specimens, 1 generated a false-positive result for IgM. Thirty-eight of the 112 COVID-19 patients were asymptomatic, of whom 15 were positive for IgM, and 74 were symptomatic, of whom 22 were positive for IgM and 7 were positive for IgG. The diagnostic sensitivity of CT scan alone and in combination with the IC assay was 57.9 % (22/38) and 68.4 % (26/38) for the asymptomatic patients and 74.3 % (55/74) and 82.4 % (61/74) for the symptomatic patients, respectively. The IC assay had low sensitivity during the early phase of infection, and thus IC assay alone is not recommended for initial diagnostic testing for COVID-19. If RT-qPCR is not available, the combination of chest CT and IC assay may be useful for diagnosing COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32303885, "pmcid": "PMC7164839", "title": "Summary of 20 tracheal intubation by anesthesiologists for patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: retrospective case series.", "journal": "J Anesth", "authors": ["Zhang, Li", "Li, Jiyong", "Zhou, Mingxing", "Chen, Zhijun"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303885", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is announced and it is very important to share our experience to the critical care community in the early stage. Urgent intubation team was organized by anesthesiologists and was dispatched upon request. We have retrospectively reviewed medical charts of 20 critically ill patients with Covid-19 pneumonia who required tracheal intubation from February 17 to March 19 in Wuhan No.1 hospital, China. We collected their demographics, vital signs, blood gas analysis before and after tracheal intubation, and 7-day outcome after tracheal intubation. Out of 20 patients, 90% were over 60\u00a0years old and 15 were with at least one comorbidity. All meet the indication for tracheal intubation announced by treatment expert group. We had successfully intubated all patients using personal protective equipment without circulatory collapse during tracheal intubation. During the observational period, none of 17 anesthesiologists were infected. Although intubation improved SPO2, reduced PaCO2 and blood lactate, seven of 20 patients died within 7-days after tracheal intubation. Non-survivors showed significantly lower SPO2 and higher PaCO2 and blood lactate compared to survivors. For those who are anticipated to deteriorate severe pneumonia with poor prognosis, earlier respiratory support with tracheal intubation may be advised to improve outcome."}, {"pmid": 32381427, "pmcid": "PMC7186200", "title": "Pre- and post-operative screening in limited-term elective cancer surgery patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Zizzo, M", "Bollino, R", "Annessi, V"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381427", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346356, "pmcid": "PMC7186194", "title": "Innovative \"Bring-Service-Near-Your-Home\" Operations under Corona-Virus (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: Can Logistics Become the Messiah?", "journal": "Transp Res E Logist Transp Rev", "authors": ["Choi, Tsan-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346356", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The corona virus (COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has created serious disruptions to many business operations. Among them, many service operations, which require customers to travel and visit a place indoor, become almost infeasible to run in a crowded city like Hong Kong. Motivated by a recent reported real case on an innovative service operation in Hong Kong, we build analytical models to explore how logistics and technologies together can transform the \"static service operations\" to become the \"bring-service-near-your-home\" mobile service operations. We also highlight how the government may provide the subsidy to support the above mentioned mobile service operation (MSO) to make it financially viable. We specifically show that the government may adopt the fixed-cost-subsidy (FCS) scheme, operations-cost-subsidy (OCS) scheme or safety-technology-support (STS) scheme to help. We further uncover that the OCS scheme would bring a larger consumer surplus than the FCS scheme and is hence more preferable. In the extended models, we first study the case when service fee cannot be changed because of corona virus outbreak (CVO). We then explore the feasibility of adopting MSO in the long run as a financially self-sustainable service operation and derive the analytical conditions under which MSO is a win-win business model for both the service provider and consumers. Finally, we study the optimal safety technology investment problem."}, {"pmid": 32401219, "pmcid": "PMC7238862", "title": "Measuring the Outreach Efforts of Public Health Authorities and the Public Response on Facebook During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Early 2020: Cross-Country Comparison.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Sesagiri Raamkumar, Aravind", "Tan, Soon Guan", "Wee, Hwee Lin"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401219", "countries": ["Singapore", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic presents one of the most challenging global crises at the dawn of a new decade. Public health authorities (PHAs) are increasingly adopting the use of social media such as Facebook to rapidly communicate and disseminate pandemic response measures to the public. Understanding of communication strategies across different PHAs and examining the public response on the social media landscapes can help improve practices for disseminating information to the public. This study aims to examine COVID-19-related outreach efforts of PHAs in Singapore, the United States, and England, and the corresponding public response to these outreach efforts on Facebook. Posts and comments from the Facebook pages of the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Singapore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States, and Public Health England (PHE) in England were extracted from January 1, 2019, to March 18, 2020. Posts published before January 1, 2020, were categorized as pre-COVID-19, while the remaining posts were categorized as peri-COVID-19 posts. COVID-19-related posts were identified and classified into themes. Metrics used for measuring outreach and engagement were frequency, mean posts per day (PPD), mean reactions per post, mean shares per post, and mean comments per post. Responses to the COVID-19 posts were measured using frequency, mean sentiment polarity, positive to negative sentiments ratio (PNSR), and positive to negative emotions ratio (PNER). Toxicity in comments were identified and analyzed using frequency, mean likes per toxic comment, and mean replies per toxic comment. Trend analysis was performed to examine how the metrics varied with key events such as when COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. The MOH published more COVID-19 posts (n=271; mean PPD 5.0) compared to the CDC (n=94; mean PPD 2.2) and PHE (n=45; mean PPD 1.4). The mean number of comments per COVID-19 post was highest for the CDC (mean CPP 255.3) compared to the MOH (mean CPP 15.6) and PHE (mean CPP 12.5). Six major themes were identified, with posts about prevention and safety measures and situation updates being prevalent across the three PHAs. The themes of the MOH's posts were diverse, while the CDC and PHE posts focused on a few themes. Overall, response sentiments for the MOH posts (PNSR 0.94) were more favorable compared to response sentiments for the CDC (PNSR 0.57) and PHE (PNSR 0.55) posts. Toxic comments were rare (0.01%) across all PHAs. PHAs' extent of Facebook use for outreach purposes during the COVID-19 pandemic varied among the three PHAs, highlighting the strategies and approaches that other PHAs can potentially adopt. Our study showed that social media analysis was capable of providing insights about the communication strategies of PHAs during disease outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32225177, "title": "Methanol Mass Poisoning Outbreak: A Consequence of COVID-19 Pandemic and Misleading Messages on Social Media.", "journal": "Int J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Soltaninejad, Kambiz"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225177", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412544, "pmcid": "PMC7220622", "title": "In silico fight against novel coronavirus by finding chromone derivatives as inhibitor of coronavirus main proteases enzyme.", "journal": "Struct Chem", "authors": ["Sepay, Nayim", "Sepay, Nadir", "Al Hoque, Ashique", "Mondal, Rina", "Halder, Umesh Chandra", "Muddassir, Mohd"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412544", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV is a danger to the world and is spreading rapidly. Very little structural information about 2019-nCoV make this situation more difficult for drug designing. Benzylidenechromanones, naturally occurring oxygen heterocyclic compounds, having capability to inhibit various protein and receptors, have been designed here to block mutant variety of coronavirus main protease enzyme (SARC-CoV-2 Mpro) isolated from 2019-nCoV with the assistance of molecular docking, bioinformatics and molecular electrostatic potential. (Z)-3-(4'-chlorobenzylidene)-thiochroman-4-one showed highest binding affinity to the protein. Binding of a compound to this protein actually inhibits the replication and transcription of the virus and, ultimately, stop the virus multiplication. Incorporation of any functional groups to the basic benzylidenechromanones enhances their binding ability. Chloro and bromo substitutions amplify the binding affinity. ADME studies of all these compounds indicate they are lipophilic, high gastro intestine absorbable and blood-brain barrier permeable. The outcome reveals that the investigated benzylidenechromanones can be examined in the case of 2019-nCoV as potent inhibitory drug of SARC-CoV-2 Mpro, for their strong inhibition ability, high reactivity and effective pharmacological properties."}, {"pmid": 32412708, "title": "Compassionate Use of Remdesivir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Wu, Jiayuan", "Wu, Bin", "Lai, Tianwen"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412708", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32093458, "pmcid": "PMC7047003", "title": "Mental Health Care Measures in Response to the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in Korea.", "journal": "Psychiatry Investig", "authors": ["Park, Seon-Cheol", "Park, Yong Chon"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32093458", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446335, "pmcid": "PMC7241984", "title": "Food insecurity will be the sting in the tail of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["The Lancet Global Health"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446335", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284004, "title": "Navigating the Ethics of COVID-19 in Otolaryngology.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Shuman, Andrew G"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284004", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered how otolaryngologists contemplate and assume their roles in health care delivery. The ethical implications of this pandemic upon our practice are formidable and distinct from other surgical fields. The salient ethical issues of public health stewardship and safety, distributive justice, and nonabandonment are distilled for the practicing otolaryngologist."}, {"pmid": 32132744, "pmcid": "PMC7047033", "title": "Data sharing for novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Bull World Health Organ", "authors": ["Moorthy, Vasee", "Henao Restrepo, Ana Maria", "Preziosi, Marie-Pierre", "Swaminathan, Soumya"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132744", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360432, "pmcid": "PMC7188652", "title": "Acute Thrombosis of an Aortic Prosthetic Graft in a Patient with Severe COVID-19-Related Pneumonia.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Giacomelli, Elena", "Dorigo, Walter", "Fargion, Aaron", "Calugi, Gianmarco", "Cianchi, Giovanni", "Pratesi, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360432", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 infection has been reported to be related with an increased risk of thrombotic complications because of the hypercoagulability state and inflammation. At the moment, no reports are available regarding thrombosis of prosthetic vascular grafts. We present the case of a patient with COVID-19-related pneumonia, who suffered from the acute thrombosis of a previously implanted aortic graft. A 67-year-old male patient, who had undergone open repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with a bifurcated graft 6 years before, was admitted to the emergency department with high fever for a week without cough or dyspnea. Thoracic ultrasound showed signs of bilateral interstitial pneumonia, and the Sars-Cov-2 swab was positive. Antiretroviral therapy and prophylactic low molecular weight heparin treatment were initiated. Owing to the progressive impairment of the respiratory function, the patient was intubated after eight days from the admission, the day after he showed signs of bilateral acute limb ischemia. A duplex ultrasound demonstrated the complete thrombosis of the aortic graft without flow at the femoral level. An urgent angio-computed tomography scan for revascularization purpose was requested, but the patient died on the arrival in the radiological suite. Acute thrombosis of vascular prosthetic grafts is a possible, catastrophic complication of COVID-19 infection. In COVID-19 patients with prosthetic graft, an aggressive antithrombotic treatment could be considered to prevent such an event."}, {"pmid": 32361118, "title": "A spatio-temporal analysis for exploring the effect of temperature on COVID-19 early evolution in Spain.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Briz-Redon, Alvaro", "Serrano-Aroca, Angel"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361118", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which causes the COVID-19 disease, was reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. This new pathogen has spread rapidly around more than 200 countries, in which Spain has one of the world's highest mortality rates so far. Previous studies have supported an epidemiological hypothesis that weather conditions may affect the survival and spread of droplet-mediated viral diseases. However, some contradictory studies have also been reported in the same research line. In addition, many of these studies have been performed considering only meteorological factors, which can limit the reliability of the results. Herein, we report a spatio-temporal analysis for exploring the effect of daily temperature (mean, minimum and maximum) on the accumulated number of COVID-19 cases in the provinces of Spain. Non-meteorological factors such as population density, population by age, number of travellers and number of companies have also been considered for the analysis. No evidence suggesting a reduction in COVID-19 cases at warmer mean, minimum and maximum temperatures has been found. Nevertheless, these results need to be interpreted cautiously given the existing uncertainty about COVID-19 data, and should not be extrapolated to temperature ranges other than those analysed here for the early evolution period."}, {"pmid": 32474220, "pmcid": "PMC7251406", "title": "COVID-19-associated mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Hayashi, Misayo", "Sahashi, Yuki", "Baba, Yasutomo", "Okura, Hiroyuki", "Shimohata, Takayoshi"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474220", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496339, "title": "Lipase Elevation in Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["McNabb-Baltar, Julia", "Jin, David X", "Grover, Amit S", "Redd, Walker D", "Zhou, Joyce C", "Hathorn, Kelly E", "McCarty, Thomas R", "Bazarbashi, Ahmad N", "Shen, Lin", "Chan, Walter W"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496339", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been associated with gastrointestinal manifestations, its effect on the pancreas remains unclear. We aimed to assess the frequency and characteristics of hyperlipasemia in patients with COVID-19. A retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients across 6 US centers with COVID-19. Of 71 patients, 9 (12.1%) developed hyperlipasemia, with 2 (2.8%) greater than 3 times upper limit of normal. No patient developed acute pancreatitis. Hyperlipasemia was not associated with poor outcomes or symptoms. Although a mild elevation in serum lipase was observed in some patients with COVID-19, clinical acute pancreatitis was not seen."}, {"pmid": 32517567, "title": "What Diabetes Can Teach us About Dealing With COVID-19 and Could it Be a Catalyst for Change in Diabetes?", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Stuhr, Andreas", "Furber, Sabina"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517567", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32091395, "pmcid": "PMC7060038", "title": "Estimated effectiveness of symptom and risk screening to prevent the spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Gostic, Katelyn", "Gomez, Ana Cr", "Mummah, Riley O", "Kucharski, Adam J", "Lloyd-Smith, James O"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32091395", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Traveller screening is being used to limit further spread of COVID-19 following its recent emergence, and symptom screening has become a ubiquitous tool in the global response. Previously, we developed a mathematical model to understand factors governing the effectiveness of traveller screening to prevent spread of emerging pathogens (Gostic et al., 2015). Here, we estimate the impact of different screening programs given current knowledge of key COVID-19 life history and epidemiological parameters. Even under best-case assumptions, we estimate that screening will miss more than half of infected people. Breaking down the factors leading to screening successes and failures, we find that most cases missed by screening are fundamentally undetectable, because they have not yet developed symptoms and are unaware they were exposed. Our work underscores the need for measures to limit transmission by individuals who become ill after being missed by a screening program. These findings can support evidence-based policy to combat the spread of COVID-19, and prospective planning to mitigate future emerging pathogens."}, {"pmid": 32289168, "pmcid": "PMC7184389", "title": "Cardiac drugs and outcome in COVID - 19.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Sargent, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289168", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422077, "pmcid": "PMC7249506", "title": "COVID-19 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker Therapy.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Kussmaul, William G 3rd"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422077", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501335, "pmcid": "PMC7255185", "title": "How accurate is self-testing?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Brooks, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501335", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The UK has embarked on a programme of self-testing for coronavirus, but can swabs taken at home be trusted? Michael Brooks reports."}, {"pmid": 32277763, "pmcid": "PMC7262302", "title": "Practical Guidance for Managing EMG Requests and Testing during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Kassardjian, Charles D", "Desai, Urvi", "Narayanaswami, Pushpa"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277763", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated cancelation of elective or non-urgent contact with the healthcare system, including non-urgent nerve conduction studies and electromyography (electrodiagnostic [EDX] studies). The definitions of elective and non-urgent are physician judgments, and often are not straightforward. Clinical care must be provided to help our patients in a timely manner, while keeping them, health care personnel and the community safe. Benefit/risk stratification is an important part of this process. We have stratified EDX studies into 3 categories: Urgent, Non-urgent and Possibly Urgent, in an effort to help clinicians triage these referrals. For each category, we provide a rationale and some examples. However, each referral must be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, and the clinical situation will evolve over time, necessitating flexibility in managing EDX triaging. Engaging the referring clinician and, at times, the patient, may be useful in the triage process. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32423922, "title": "More advice on the use of ibuprofen for COVID-19.", "journal": "Drug Ther Bull", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423922", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Every month, DTB scans sources of information on treatments, disease management and other healthcare topics for key items to bring to our readers' attention and help them keep up to date. To do this, we produce succinct, contextualised summaries of the information concerned."}, {"pmid": 32277486, "title": "Testing for coverage from personal protective equipment.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Heij, R", "Steel, A G", "Young, P J"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277486", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235387, "title": "Progress and Prospects on Vaccine Development against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Vaccines (Basel)", "authors": ["Zhang, Jinyong", "Zeng, Hao", "Gu, Jiang", "Li, Haibo", "Zheng, Lixin", "Zou, Quanming"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235387", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a serious pandemic in China and other countries worldwide. So far, more than 460,000 confirmed cases were diagnosed in nearly 190 countries, causing globally over 20,000 deaths. Currently, the epidemic is still spreading and there is no effective means to prevent the infection. Vaccines are proved to be the most effective and economical means to prevent and control infectious diseases. Several countries, companies, and institutions announced their programs and progress on vaccine development against the virus. While most of the vaccines are under design and preparation, there are some that have entered efficacy evaluation in animals and initial clinical trials. This review mainly focused on the progress and our prospects on field of vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32454575, "pmcid": "PMC7241604", "title": "Urgent and Emergent Eye Care Strategies to Protect Against COVID-19.", "journal": "Fed Pract", "authors": ["Scheer, Lisette", "Hillsgrove, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454575", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article presents additional strategies to the medical professional and support tactics to keep both the health care provider and patient as safe as possible during the COVID-19 pandemic. Follicular conjunctivitis has been reported as an early sign of infection or during hospitalization for severe COVID-19 disease. It has been confirmed that COVID-19 is transmitted through both respiratory droplets and direct contact. Another possible route of viral transmission is entry through aerosolized droplets into the tears, which then pass through the nasolacrimal ducts and into the respiratory tract. For nonemergent care, eye care providers should use telehealth. Eye care providers should prioritize patient care in order of absolute necessity, such as sudden vision loss, sudden onset flashes and floaters, and eye trauma. In those cases, exposure should be minimized. The close proximity between eye care providers and their patients during slit-lamp examination may require further precautions, such as shields, barriers, and mask use to lower the risk of transmission via droplets or through hand to eye contact. All nonemergent eye care appointments should be delayed or conducted remotely. For emergent in-person appointments, careful and appropriate adherence to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations may minimize exposure for both the health care provider and patient."}, {"pmid": 32525364, "title": "Collective trauma and community support: Lessons from Detroit.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Duane, Addison M", "Stokes, Kimberly L", "DeAngelis, Christina L", "Bocknek, Erika L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525364", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 crisis can be defined as a collective trauma, which contributes to an upheaval of community connection and functioning. The current pandemic has also illuminated disparities in mental health supports. In this commentary, we highlight one community organization, located in metro Detroit, that has responded to the trauma by bolstering resources and supports for residents, many of whom are ethnoracial minorities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32434776, "pmcid": "PMC7246107", "title": "Legal preparedness as part of COVID-19 response: the first 100 days in Taiwan.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Lee, Tsung-Ling"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434776", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174054, "pmcid": "PMC7183823", "title": "Evolution of Computed Tomography Manifestations in Five Patients Who Recovered from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Sun, Qiulian", "Xu, Xinjian", "Xie, Jicheng", "Li, Jingjing", "Huang, Xiangzhong"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174054", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496229, "title": "Second joint statement of the IPHA, IAPSM and IAE- Public health approach for COVID-19 pandemic control in India.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496229", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427430, "title": "Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Birnbaum, Ron A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427430", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373409, "pmcid": "PMC7195203", "title": "Frequent Hand Washing for COVID-19 Prevention Can Cause Hand Dermatitis: Management Tips.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Beiu, Cristina", "Mihai, Mara", "Popa, Liliana", "Cima, Luiza", "Popescu, Marius N"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373409", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread globally, outpacing the capacity and resources of health systems worldwide. A therapeutic vaccine is not yet on the rise, and preventive measures are the current approach to restraint the transmission of cases. As the virus is highly contagious via respiratory route (droplets from infected persons, widely spread by coughing or sneezing) and via contact with contaminated surfaces, community transmission and spread can be decreased through the practice of regular and diligent hand hygiene. Frequent hand washing implies a prolonged exposure to water and other chemical or physical agents and may induce several pathophysiologic changes, such as epidermal barrier disruption, impairment of keratinocytes, the subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines, activation of the skin immune system, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Adverse dermatologic effects, such as excessive skin dryness or even contact dermatitis (particularly the irritant subtype and, to a lesser extent, the allergic subtype), can occur, especially in individuals with a history of atopic dermatitis. These skin conditions are perfectly manageable, and applying a moisturizer immediately after washing hands or after using a portable hand sanitizer is the cornerstone in preventing the development of eczematous changes in the hands. In the current global context, the potential occurrence of these dermatological adverse events should in no way cause people to deviate from strict hand hygiene rules."}, {"pmid": 32317269, "title": "Managing high clinical suspicion COVID-19 inpatients with negative RT-PCR: a pragmatic and limited role for thoracic CT.", "journal": "Thorax", "authors": ["Tavare, Aniket N", "Braddy, Aaron", "Brill, Simon", "Jarvis, Hannah", "Sivaramakrishnan, Anand", "Barnett, Joseph", "Creer, Dean D", "Hare, Samanjit S"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317269", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485332, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Molecular and Phylogenetic analysis in COVID-19 patients: A preliminary report from Iran.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Tabibzadeh, Alireza", "Zamani, Farhad", "Laali, Azadeh", "Esghaei, Maryam", "Safarnezhad Tameshkel, Fahimeh", "Keyvani, Hossein", "Jamshidi Makiani, Mahin", "Panahi, Mahshid", "Motamed, Nima", "Perumal, Dhayaneethie", "Khoonsari, Mahmoodreza", "Ajdarkosh, Hossein", "Sohrabi, Masuodreza", "Ghanbari, Behrooz", "Savaj, Shokoufeh", "Mosavi-Jarrahi, Alireza", "Karbalaie Niya, Mohammad Hadi"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485332", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the current study was to investigate and track the SARS-CoV-2 in Iranian Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients using molecular and phylogenetic methods. We enrolled seven confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients for the phylogenetic assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 in Iran. The nsp-2, nsp-12, and S genes were amplified using one-step RT-PCR and sequenced using Sanger sequencing method. Popular bioinformatics software were used for sequences alignment and analysis as well as phylogenetic construction. The mean age of the patients in the present study was 60.42\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.94\u00a0years and 57.1% (4/7) were male. The results indicated high similarity between Iranian and Chinese strains. We could not find any particular polymorphisms in the assessed regions of the three genes. Phylogenetic trees by neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood method of nsp-2, nsp-12, and S genes showed that there are not any differences between Iranian isolates and those of other countries. As a preliminary phylogenetic study in Iranian SARS-CoV-2 isolates, we found that these isolates are closely related to the Chinese and reference sequences. Also, no sensible differences were observed between Iranian isolates and those of other countries. Further investigations are recommended using more comprehensive methods and larger sample sizes."}, {"pmid": 32354664, "pmcid": "PMC7141638", "title": "After corona: there is life after the pandemic.", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Tesarik, Jan"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354664", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has focused the attention of medical-care providers away from non-life-threatening diseases, including infertility. Although infertility does not jeopardize the physical survival of infertile couples, it does jeopardize their future quality of life. Human infertility can be caused by a number of factors, some of which are age-dependent, and their effects may become irreversible if appropriate measures are not taken in time to prevent irreversible childlessness. Accordingly, each case of infertility should be evaluated comprehensively to establish its position of priority. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) makes it possible to separate fertilization and pregnancy in time. Whereas pregnant women infected with coronavirus may have an increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes, gametes do not transmit COVID-19. Thus, performing ovarian stimulation and fertilization without delay, freezing the resulting embryos and delaying embryo transfer until the end of the pandemic appears to be the best strategy at present."}, {"pmid": 32360995, "pmcid": "PMC7191298", "title": "No evidence for an increased liver uptake of SARS-CoV-2 in metabolic associated fatty liver disease.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Biquard, Louise", "Valla, Dominique", "Rautou, Pierre-Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360995", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425461, "pmcid": "PMC7228700", "title": "Regional COVID-19 Network for Coordination of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Veneto, Italy.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Pasin, Laura", "Sella, Nicolo", "Correale, Christelle", "Boscolo, Annalisa", "Rosi, Paolo", "Saia, Mario", "Mantoan, Domenico", "Navalesi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425461", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379934, "pmcid": "PMC7267480", "title": "Response to 'What does monitoring platelet counts in COVID-19 teach us?'", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Yang, Xiaobo", "Shang, You"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379934", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531304, "pmcid": "PMC7283051", "title": "Analysis of availability, types, and implementation of teledermatology services during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Gorrepati, Pavane L", "Smith, Gideon P"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531304", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247754, "pmcid": "PMC7194597", "title": "Use of a modified ventilation mask to avoid aerosolizing spread of droplets for short endoscopic procedures during coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Marchese, Michele", "Capannolo, Annalisa", "Lombardi, Loreto", "Di Carlo, Michela", "Marinangeli, Franco", "Fusco, Pierfrancesco"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303403, "pmcid": "PMC7152884", "title": "Ways of Protecting Religious Older Adults from the Consequences of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Koenig, Harold G"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303403", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387345, "pmcid": "PMC7199703", "title": "At the height of the storm: Healthcare staff's health conditions and job satisfaction and their associated predictors during the epidemic peak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Zhang, Stephen X", "Liu, Jing", "Afshar Jahanshahi, Asghar", "Nawaser, Khaled", "Yousefi, Ali", "Li, Jizhen", "Sun, Shuhua"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387345", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study reports the physical health, mental health, anxiety, depression, distress, and job satisfaction of healthcare staff in Iran when the country faced its highest number of total active COVID-19 cases. In a sample of 304 healthcare staff (doctors, nurses, radiologists, technicians, etc.), we found a sizable portion reached the cutoff levels of disorders in anxiety (28.0%), depression (30.6%), and distress (20.1%). Age, gender, education, access to PPE (personal protective equipment), healthcare institutions (public vs. private), and individual status of COVID-19 infection each predicted some but not all the outcome variables of SF-12, PHQ-4, K6, and job satisfaction. The healthcare workers varied greatly in their access to PPE and in their status of COVID-19 infection: negative (69.7%), unsure (28.0%), and positive (2.3%). The predictors were also different from those identified in previous studies of healthcare staff during the COVID-19 crisis in China. This study helps to identify the healthcare staff in need to enable more targeted help as healthcare staff in many countries are facing peaks in their COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32399522, "title": "Ultrasonography and SARS-CoV 2 infection: a review of what we know and do not yet know.", "journal": "Med Ultrason", "authors": ["Dudea, Sorin M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399522", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "."}, {"pmid": 32339478, "pmcid": "PMC7182509", "title": "COVID-19 deaths in Lombardy, Italy: data in context.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Odone, Anna", "Delmonte, Davide", "Scognamiglio, Thea", "Signorelli, Carlo"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339478", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462783, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of surgeons and coping strategies.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Balasubramanian, Anusha", "Paleri, Vigneshwar", "Bennett, Robin", "Paleri, Vinidh"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462783", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Unprecedented times call for extraordinary measures. While surgeons across the globe try to comprehend the evolving facade of the COVID-19 pandemic and improvise surgical practice to the best of their ability, the psychological impact of the stress on their own mental health and well-being has been underestimated. This paper aims to review the indirect and overt factors that may affect the mental health of a surgeon in the present circumstances. Furthermore, it will aim to highlight key coping mechanisms at an individual and institutional level, so as to mitigate the negative psychological impact on surgeons."}, {"pmid": 32451272, "pmcid": "PMC7187810", "title": "Perioperative Preparations for COVID-19: The Pediatric Cardiac Team Perspective.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Ing, Richard J", "Barrett, Cindy", "Chatterjee, Debnath", "Twite, Mark", "Whitney, Gina M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201449, "pmcid": "PMC7074424", "title": "Drug targets for corona virus: A systematic review.", "journal": "Indian J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Prajapat, Manisha", "Sarma, Phulen", "Shekhar, Nishant", "Avti, Pramod", "Sinha, Shweta", "Kaur, Hardeep", "Kumar, Subodh", "Bhattacharyya, Anusuya", "Kumar, Harish", "Bansal, Seema", "Medhi, Bikash"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201449", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a major source of disaster in the 21th century. However, the lack of specific drugs to prevent/treat an attack is a major need at this current point of time. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review to identify major druggable targets in coronavirus (CoV). We searched PubMed and RCSB database with keywords HCoV, NCoV, corona virus, SERS-CoV, MERS-CoV, 2019-nCoV, crystal structure, X-ray crystallography structure, NMR structure, target, and drug target till Feb 3, 2020. The search identified seven major targets (spike protein, envelop protein, membrane protein, protease, nucleocapsid protein, hemagglutinin esterase, and helicase) for which drug design can be considered. There are other 16 nonstructural proteins (NSPs), which can also be considered from the drug design perspective. The major structural proteins and NSPs may serve an important role from drug design perspectives. However, the occurrence of frequent recombination events is a major deterrent factor toward the development of CoV-specific vaccines/drugs."}, {"pmid": 32334535, "pmcid": "PMC7183387", "title": "Headache medication and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Headache Pain", "authors": ["MaassenVanDenBrink, Antoinette", "de Vries, Tessa", "Danser, A H Jan"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently dominated by the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Besides the obvious concerns about limitation of virus spread and providing the best possible care to infected patients, a concomitant concern has now arisen in view of a putative link between the use of certain drugs, such as Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) inhibitors and ibuprofen, and an increased risk for COVID-19 infection. We here discuss this concern in relation to headache treatment and conclude that, based on current evidence, there is no reason to abandon treatment of headache patients with RAS inhibitors or ibuprofen."}, {"pmid": 32521041, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: implications on the surgical treatment of gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary tumours in Europe.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Nevermann, N F", "Hillebrandt, K H", "Knitter, S", "Ritschl, P V", "Krenzien, F", "Benzing, C", "Bahra, M", "Biebl, M", "Sauer, I M", "Ollinger, R", "Schoning, W", "Schmelzle, M", "Pratschke, J"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521041", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473100, "pmcid": "PMC7255215", "title": "COVID-19 testing delays and pathology services in the UK.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Banatvala, Jangu"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473100", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472216, "pmcid": "PMC7256336", "title": "Cancer treatment during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Med Oncol", "authors": ["Jindal, Vishal", "Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Gaikazian, Susanna", "Siddiqui, Ahmad Daniyal", "Jaiyesimi, Ishmael"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently world is fighting with global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At this time of uncertainty, oncologists are struggling to provide appropriate care to cancer patients. They have to weigh risk and benefit of giving cancer treatment vs chances of getting them infected with COVID-19. As cancer patients are immunocompromised and there are high chances of exposure during hospital visits and if they get infected, outcome can be fatal. So through the column of this article, we would like to provide basic guideline in management of cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32415727, "pmcid": "PMC7267153", "title": "COVID-19 knowledge prevents biologics discontinuation: Data from an Italian multicenter survey during RED-ZONE declaration.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Ricco, Matteo", "Pacifico, Alessia", "Malagoli, Piergiorgio", "Kridin, Khalaf", "Pigatto, Paolo", "Damiani, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415727", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 become pandemics and there is still a dearth of data about its the potentially among dermatological patients under biologics. We aimed to assess health literacy, disease knowledge, treatment dissatisfaction and biologics attitudes toward COVID-19. We performed a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey on 98/105 consecutive dermatological patients treated with biologics-51 suffering from plaque psoriasis, 22 from atopic dermatitis, and 25 from hidradenitis suppurativa. An ad hoc, validated questionnaire has 44 items investigating the following domains: knowledge of COVID-19 related to (a) epidemiology, (b) pathogenesis, (c) clinical symptoms, (d) preventive measures, and (e) attitudes. Patients data and questionnaires were collected. Despite only 8.1% thought that biologics may increase the risk of COVID-19, 18.4% and 21.4% of the patients were evaluating the possibility to discontinue or modify the dosage of the current biologic therapy, respectively. Globally, male patients (P = .001) with higher scholarity level (P = .005) displayed higher knowledge of COVID-19. Patients with lower DLQI (P = .006), longer disease duration (P = .051) and lower scholarity (P = .007) have thought to discontinue/modify autonomously their biologic therapy. At the multivariate logistic regression, only the knowledge of epidemiology and preventive measures resulted independent predictors of continuation vs discontinuation and modification vs no modification, respectively. Dermatologists should promote COVID-19 knowledge to prevent biologics disruption."}, {"pmid": 32371556, "title": "Hyperglycemia management in the critically ill patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Al-Jaghbeer, Mohammed J", "Lansang, M Cecilia"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371556", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hyperglycemia is common in critically ill patients and is associated with worse outcomes in those admitted to an intensive care unit. Glucose control helps prevent and control infections and their complications. For critically ill patients with COVID-19, management of hyperglycemia must consider caregiver protection and the frequency of monitoring glucose based on patient safety and the use of personal protective equipment. If steroids are used in the management plan, be aware of steroid-induced hyperglycemia. An endocrinology consult may be beneficial to help manage drip rate and frequency of glucose checks."}, {"pmid": 32375150, "title": "Fulminant Acute Kidney Injury in a Young Patient with Novel Coronavirus 2019.", "journal": "Cardiorenal Med", "authors": ["Gopalakrishnan, Akshaya", "Mossaid, Ali", "Lo, Kevin Bryan", "Vasudevan, Viswanath", "McCullough, Peter A", "Rangaswami, Janani"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375150", "countries": ["United States", "Italy", "China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting more than 200 countries and 180,000 cases in the United States. While the outbreak began in China, the number of cases outside of China exceeded those in China on March 15, 2020 and are currently rising at an exponential rate. The number of fatalities in the United States are expected to exceed more than Italy and China. The disease is characterized predominantly as an acute respiratory illness. However, preliminary data suggests that kidney is a target for the virus and deterioration of renal function was associated with poor outcomes including in-hospital mortality. We pre-sent a report of a patient with COVID-19 who presented with acute onset of symptoms and normal renal function at baseline but rapidly deteriorated resulting in death. The timing of decline in renal function correlated with his worsening clinical status. He was started on continuous veno-venous hemofiltration without signs of clinical benefit. We also present the possible mechanisms for acute kidney injury in these patients. We performed a review of the emerging literature by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE for studies and/or case series published on this topic. Acute kidney injury might help risk stratify critically ill patients on a fatal course of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32274342, "pmcid": "PMC7132016", "title": "COVID-19 and Liver Dysfunction: Current Insights and Emergent Therapeutic Strategies.", "journal": "J Clin Transl Hepatol", "authors": ["Feng, Gong", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Yan, Qin-Qin", "Rios, Rafael S", "Targher, Giovanni", "Byrne, Christopher D", "Poucke, Sven Van", "Liu, Wen-Yue", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274342", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has attracted increasing worldwide attention. Cases of liver damage or dysfunction (mainly characterized by moderately elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase levels) have been reported among patients with COVID-19. However, it is currently uncertain whether the COVID-19-related liver damage/dysfunction is due mainly to the viral infection per se or other coexisting conditions, such as the use of potentially hepatotoxic drugs and the coexistence of systemic inflammatory response, respiratory distress syndrome-induced hypoxia, and multiple organ dysfunction. Based on the current evidence from case reports and case series, this review article focuses on the demographic and clinical characteristics, potential mechanisms, and treatment options for COVID-19-related liver dysfunction. This review also describes the geographical and demographic distribution of COVID-19-related liver dysfunction, as well as possible underlying mechanisms linking COVID-19 to liver dysfunction, in order to facilitate future drug development, prevention, and control measures for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32386188, "title": "No significant correlation between ACE Ins/Del genetic polymorphism and COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Saadat, Mostafa"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386188", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32178768, "pmcid": "PMC7158585", "title": "First known person-to-person transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the USA.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Ghinai, Isaac", "McPherson, Tristan D", "Hunter, Jennifer C", "Kirking, Hannah L", "Christiansen, Demian", "Joshi, Kiran", "Rubin, Rachel", "Morales-Estrada, Shirley", "Black, Stephanie R", "Pacilli, Massimo", "Fricchione, Marielle J", "Chugh, Rashmi K", "Walblay, Kelly A", "Ahmed, N Seema", "Stoecker, William C", "Hasan, Nausheen F", "Burdsall, Deborah P", "Reese, Heather E", "Wallace, Megan", "Wang, Chen", "Moeller, Darcie", "Korpics, Jacqueline", "Novosad, Shannon A", "Benowitz, Isaac", "Jacobs, Max W", "Dasari, Vishal S", "Patel, Megan T", "Kauerauf, Judy", "Charles, E Matt", "Ezike, Ngozi O", "Chu, Victoria", "Midgley, Claire M", "Rolfes, Melissa A", "Gerber, Susan I", "Lu, Xiaoyan", "Lindstrom, Stephen", "Verani, Jennifer R", "Layden, Jennifer E"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178768", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first detected in China in December, 2019. In January, 2020, state, local, and federal public health agencies investigated the first case of COVID-19 in Illinois, USA. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 were defined as those with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Contacts were people with exposure to a patient with COVID-19 on or after the patient's symptom onset date. Contacts underwent active symptom monitoring for 14 days following their last exposure. Contacts who developed fever, cough, or shortness of breath became persons under investigation and were tested for SARS-CoV-2. A convenience sample of 32 asymptomatic health-care personnel contacts were also tested. Patient 1-a woman in her 60s-returned from China in mid-January, 2020. One week later, she was hospitalised with pneumonia and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Her husband (Patient 2) did not travel but had frequent close contact with his wife. He was admitted 8 days later and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Overall, 372 contacts of both cases were identified; 347 underwent active symptom monitoring, including 152 community contacts and 195 health-care personnel. Of monitored contacts, 43 became persons under investigation, in addition to Patient 2. These 43 persons under investigation and all 32 asymptomatic health-care personnel tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurred between two people with prolonged, unprotected exposure while Patient 1 was symptomatic. Despite active symptom monitoring and testing of symptomatic and some asymptomatic contacts, no further transmission was detected. None."}, {"pmid": 32456650, "pmcid": "PMC7250537", "title": "Correction to: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH): a key issue in the emergency response to the coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) outbreak.", "journal": "Reprod Health", "authors": ["Tang, Kun", "Gaoshan, Junjian", "Ahonsi, Babatunde", "Ali, Moazzam", "Bonet, Mercedes", "Broutet, Nathalie", "Kara, Edna", "Kim, Caron", "Thorson, Anna", "Thwin, Soe Soe"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456650", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article."}, {"pmid": 32393453, "title": "Death in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Thomas, George"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393453", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lockdown of the country, imposed by the government of India, has resulted in additional suffering for the poor without any tangible benefit. The germ theory of disease is an important contribution to human welfare. However, disease has social determinants. Responses to infectious epidemics should be based on social conditions, not only from considerations of equity, but also because they are important for success. Advice from the World Health Organisation has to be tailored to the social realities in India. Current response by the government of India has confined the poor to ghettos. They have lost the means of livelihood without a proper social security net. It is not possible for them to practise social distancing or proper hygiene. The lockdown has the effect of making conditions worse for the poor. Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, resource allocation, social origins of disease, unplanned lockdown, diversion of resources, lack of social security."}, {"pmid": 32463076, "title": "Asymptomatic transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic and implications for public health strategies.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huff, Hanalise V", "Singh, Avantika"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463076", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 spread rapidly within months despite global public health strategies to curb transmission by testing symptomatic patients and encouraging social distancing. Here, we summarize rapidly emerging evidence highlighting transmission by asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals. Viral load of asymptomatic carriers is comparable to symptomatic patients, viral shedding is highest before symptom onset suggesting high transmissibility before symptoms. Within universally tested subgroups, surprisingly high percentages of COVID-19 positive asymptomatic individuals were found. Asymptomatic transmission was reported in several clusters. A Wuhan study showed an alarming rate of intrahospital transmission, and several countries reported higher prevalence among healthcare workers than the general population. This raises concern that health workers could act as silent disease vectors. Therefore, current public health strategies relying solely on 'symptom onset' for infection identification need urgent reassessment. Extensive universal testing irrespective of symptoms may be considered with priority placed on groups with high frequency exposure to positive patients."}, {"pmid": 32342849, "pmcid": "PMC7253087", "title": "Case Report: Viral Shedding for 60 Days in a Woman with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Li, Junyao", "Zhang, Lin", "Liu, Baihui", "Song, Debiao"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342849", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a public health emergency of international concern. This was first noted in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and since then has become widespread globally. We report a 71-year-old woman with documented viral shedding (based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing) of SARS-CoV-2 for 60 days from the onset of symptoms (55 days from her first positive test and 36 days after complete resolution of symptoms). This is to our knowledge the longest duration of viral shedding reported to date. This case demonstrates that viral shedding after COVID-19 diagnosis can be prolonged."}, {"pmid": 32275264, "title": "2019-novel coronavirus survey: knowledge and attitudes of hospital staff of a large Italian teaching hospital.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Moro, Matteo", "Vigezzi, Giacomo Pietro", "Capraro, Michele", "Biancardi, Anna", "Nizzero, Paola", "Signorelli, Carlo", "Odone, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275264", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One week after the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak a global health emergency we conducted a survey to explore knowledge and attitudes on 2019-nCoV, recently renamed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in a large cohort of hospital staff. A representative sample of 2,046 hospital staff of a large university hospital in northern Italy (54% healthcare workers and 46% administrative staff, overall response rate: 25%) was administered an online questionnaire: overall there is good knowledge on 2019-nCoV control measures. The mean of correct answers for questions on general aspects of 2019-nCoV epidemic was 71.6% for HCWs and 61.2% for non-HCWs. The mean of correct answers for questions on 2019-nCoV patient management was 57.8% among HCWs. Nevertheless, on recommended precautions, also among healthcare workers there is still much to do in order to promote effective control measures and correct preventive behaviours at the individual level."}, {"pmid": 32462996, "title": "Molecular Docking, Simulation and MM-PBSA Studies of Nigella Sativa Compounds: A Computational Quest to identify Potential Natural Antiviral for COVID-19 Treatment.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Ahmad, Sajjad", "Abbasi, Hyder Wajid", "Shahid, Sara", "Gul, Sana", "Abbasi, Sumra Wajid"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462996", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nigella sativa or black seed is used as a medicinal plant around the globe. Oil and seeds have a long tradition of folklore use in various medicinal and food systems. The conventional therapeutic use of Nigella sativa, in different ways, has been reported in several studies to treat different diseases including influenza, headache, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, eczema, fever, cough, asthma, bronchitis, and fever. Based on previously reported potential therapeutic uses of N. sativa compounds, and keeping in mind the dire need of time for the development of potent antiviral, a combined docking, ADMET properties calculation, molecular dynamics, and MM-PBSA approaches were applied in the current study to check the therapeutic potentials of N. sativa chief constituents against COVID-19. Among the studied compounds, we found that dithymoquinone (DTQ), with binding affinity of -8.6\u2009kcal/mol compared to a positive control (chloroquine, -7.2\u2009kcal/mol) , has the high potential of binding at SARS-CoV-2:ACE2 interface and thus could be predicted as a plausible inhibitor to disrupt viral-host interactions. Molecular dynamics simulation of 100\u2009ns well complemented binding affinity of the compound and revealed strong stability of DTQ at the docked site. Additionally, MM-PBSA also affirms the docking results. Compound DTQ of the present study, if validated in wet lab experiments, could be used to treat COVID-19 and could serve as a lead in the future for development of more effective natural antivirals against COVID-19. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32301206, "title": "'Let us Help'-Why senior medical students are the next step in battling the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Thomson, Emily", "Lovegrove, Sally"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301206", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As senior medical students in the UK, we read Dr Stein's letter on the novel coronavirus (COVID-19)2 and began wondering where we fit in, in this pandemic. As the government heads into a 'war footing',13 there is an increased need for medical staff. There is speculation of bringing back retired doctors, many of who fall into at-risk categories. With clinical placement and exams cancelled, we are determined to use our hard-earned skills in some way, to help in what is the biggest global emergency of our lifetime."}, {"pmid": 32518133, "title": "Interhospital transport of patients with COVID-19: Cleveland Clinic approach.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Brown, Abigail S", "Hustey, Fredric M", "Reddy, Anita J"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518133", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hospital-to-hospital transportation of patients in the COVID-19 era presents unique challenges to ensuring the safety of both patients and health care providers. Crucial factors to address include having adequate supplies of protective equipment and ensuring their appropriate use, defining patient care procedures during transport, and decontamination post-transport. Transport vehicles need to have adequate physical space, an isolated driver compartment, NS HEPA filtration of air. Having a standardized intake process can help identify patients who would benefit from transport to another facility."}, {"pmid": 32174128, "title": "Clinical Features and Chest CT Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Single-Center Study in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Cheng, Zenghui", "Lu, Yong", "Cao, Qiqi", "Qin, Le", "Pan, Zilai", "Yan, Fuhua", "Yang, Wenjie"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174128", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. Confronting the new coronavirus infection known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is challenging and requires excluding patients with suspected COVID-19 who actually have other diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical features and CT manifestations of COVID-19 by comparing patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with patients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia who presented at a fever observation department in Shanghai, China. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Patients were retrospectively enrolled in the study from January 19 through February 6, 2020. All patients underwent real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. RESULTS. Eleven patients had RT-PCR test results that were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, whereas 22 patients had negative results. No statistical difference in clinical features was observed (p > 0.05), with the exception of leukocyte and platelet counts (p < 0.05). The mean (\u00b1 SD) interval between onset of symptoms and admission to the fever observation department was 4.40 \u00b1 2.00 and 5.52 \u00b1 4.00 days for patients with positive and negative RT-PCR test results, respectively. The frequency of opacifications in patients with positive results and patients with negative results, respectively, was as follows: ground-glass opacities (GGOs), 100.0% versus 90.9%; mixed GGO, 63.6% versus 72.7%; and consolidation, 54.5% versus 77.3%. In patients with positive RT-PCR results, GGOs were the most commonly observed opacification (seen in 100.0% of patients) and were predominantly located in the peripheral zone (100.0% of patients), compared with patients with negative results (31.8%) (p = 0.05). The median number of affected lung lobes and segments was higher in patients with positive RT-PCR results than in those with negative RT-PCR results (five vs 3.5 affected lobes and 15 vs nine affected segments; p < 0.05). Although the air bronchogram reticular pattern was more frequently seen in patients with positive results, centrilobular nodules were less frequently seen in patients with positive results. CONCLUSION. At the point during the COVID-19 outbreak when this study was performed, imaging patterns of multifocal, peripheral, pure GGO, mixed GGO, or consolidation with slight predominance in the lower lung and findings of more extensive GGO than consolidation on chest CT scans obtained during the first week of illness were considered findings highly suspicious of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32505756, "title": "Almitrine as a non-ventilatory strategy to improve intrapulmonary shunt in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Marie-Reine, Losser", "Coline, Lapoix", "Matthieu, Delannoy", "Benoit, Champigneulle", "Didier, Payen"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505756", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343342, "pmcid": "PMC7197583", "title": "The COVID-19 Global Pandemic: Implications for People With Schizophrenia and Related Disorders.", "journal": "Schizophr Bull", "authors": ["Kozloff, Nicole", "Mulsant, Benoit H", "Stergiopoulos, Vicky", "Voineskos, Aristotle N"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343342", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) global pandemic has already had an unprecedented impact on populations around the world, and is anticipated to have a disproportionate burden on people with schizophrenia and related disorders. We discuss the implications of the COVID-19 global pandemic with respect to: (1) increased risk of infection and poor outcomes among people with schizophrenia, (2) anticipated adverse mental health consequences for people with schizophrenia, (3) considerations for mental health service delivery in inpatient and outpatient settings, and (4) potential impact on clinical research in schizophrenia. Recommendations emphasize rapid implementation of measures to both decrease the risk of COVID-19 transmission and maintain continuity of clinical care and research to preserve safety of both people with schizophrenia and the public."}, {"pmid": 32236913, "title": "[Legal Issues of Resource Allocation in the COVID-19 Pandemic - Between Utilitarianism and Life Value Indifference].", "journal": "Dtsch Med Wochenschr", "authors": ["Hubner, Joachim", "Schewe, Denis M", "Katalinic, Alexander", "Frielitz, Fabian-S"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236913", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges for the German health care system. What is already the case in some other countries, may occur in Germany in the near future also: Faced with limited ICU resources, doctors will be forced to decide which patients to treat and which to let die. This paper examines the legal implications of such decisions. It takes up arguments from the general discussion on prioritization in medicine. A constitutional hurdle for the application of utilitarian criteria (in particular patients' age or social role) comes from the principle that every human life is of equal value and must not be traded off against others (\"life value indifference\"). However, the limits that the Grundgesetz (German Basic Law) sets for state actions do not apply directly to doctors. According to the Musterberufsordnung (professional code of conduct), doctors act based on their conscience and the requirements of medical ethics and humanity. The implications of this normative standard for the prioritizing in an exceptional situation as the COVID 19 pandemic have not been sufficiently clarified. This uncertainty leads to emotional and moral burdens for doctors. The authors conclude that the German law grants a limited freedom of choice that allows physicians to apply utilitarian criteria in addition to purely medical decision algorithms."}, {"pmid": 32339038, "title": "ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Care and COVID-19: The Value Proposition of Fibrinolytic Therapy and the Pharmacoinvasive Strategy.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Bainey, Kevin R", "Bates, Eric R", "Armstrong, Paul W"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339038", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208987, "pmcid": "PMC7225046", "title": "Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers and the COVID-19 Pandemic: At Present There Is No Evidence to Abandon Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers.", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["Danser, A H Jan", "Epstein, Murray", "Batlle, Daniel"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208987", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, some reports of data still emerging and in need of full analysis indicate that certain groups of patients are at risk of COVID-19. This includes patients with hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and clearly the elderly. Many of those patients are treated with renin-angiotensin system blockers. Because the ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) protein is the receptor that facilitates coronavirus entry into cells, the notion has been popularized that treatment with renin-angiotensin system blockers might increase the risk of developing a severe and fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. The present article discusses this concept. ACE2 in its full-length form is a membrane-bound enzyme, whereas its shorter (soluble) form circulates in blood at very low levels. As a mono-carboxypeptidase, ACE2 contributes to the degradation of several substrates including angiotensins I and II. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors do not inhibit ACE2 because ACE and ACE2 are different enzymes. Although angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers have been shown to upregulate ACE2 in experimental animals, the evidence is not always consistent and differs among the diverse angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers and differing organs. Moreover, there are no data to support the notion that ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker administration facilitates coronavirus entry by increasing ACE2 expression in either animals or humans. Indeed, animal data support elevated ACE2 expression as conferring potential protective pulmonary and cardiovascular effects. In summary, based on the currently available evidence, treatment with renin-angiotensin system blockers should not be discontinued because of concerns with coronavirus infection."}, {"pmid": 32284222, "pmcid": "PMC7151365", "title": "The active role of a blood center in outpacing the transfusion transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "Transfus Clin Biol", "authors": ["Raturi, Manish", "Kusum, Anuradha"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284222", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382214, "pmcid": "PMC7203725", "title": "Plastic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic times.", "journal": "Eur J Plast Surg", "authors": ["Mayer, Horacio F", "Persichetti, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382214", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527819, "title": "Can existing live vaccines prevent COVID-19?", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Chumakov, Konstantin", "Benn, Christine S", "Aaby, Peter", "Kottilil, Shyamasundaran", "Gallo, Robert"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527819", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339340, "pmcid": "PMC7267617", "title": "Changes in emergency service access after spread of COVID-19 across Italy.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Tartari, F", "Guglielmo, A", "Fuligni, F", "Pileri, A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339340", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32155105, "pmcid": "PMC7233414", "title": "Performance of radiologists in differentiating COVID-19 from viral pneumonia on chest CT.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Bai, Harrison X", "Hsieh, Ben", "Xiong, Zeng", "Halsey, Kasey", "Choi, Ji Whae", "Tran, Thi My Linh", "Pan, Ian", "Shi, Lin-Bo", "Wang, Dong-Cui", "Mei, Ji", "Jiang, Xiao-Long", "Zeng, Qiu-Hua", "Egglin, Thomas K", "Hu, Ping-Feng", "Agarwal, Saurabh", "Xie, Fangfang", "Li, Sha", "Healey, Terrance", "Atalay, Michael K", "Liao, Wei-Hua"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32155105", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Despite its high sensitivity in diagnosing COVID-19 in a screening population, chest CT appearances of COVID 19 pneumonia are thought to be non-specific. Purpose To assess the performance of United States (U.S.) and Chinese radiologists in differentiating COVID-19 from viral pneumonia on chest CT. Methods A total of 219 patients with both positive COVID-19 by RT-PCR and abnormal chest CT findings were retrospectively identified from 7 Chinese hospitals in Hunan Providence, China from January 6 to February 20, 2020. A total of 205 patients with positive Respiratory Pathogen Panel for viral pneumonia and CT findings consistent with or highly suspicious for pneumonia by original radiology interpretation within 7 days of each other were identified from Rhode Island Hospital in Providence, RI. Three Chinese radiologists blindly reviewed all chest CTs (n=424) to differentiate COVID-19 from viral pneumonia. A sample of 58 age-matched cases was randomly selected and evaluated by 4 U.S. radiologists in a similar fashion. Different CT features were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results For all chest CTs, three Chinese radiologists correctly differentiated COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 pneumonia 83% (350/424), 80% (338/424), and 60% (255/424) of the time, respectively. The seven radiologists had sensitivities of 80%, 67%, 97%, 93%, 83%, 73% and 70% and specificities of 100%, 93%, 7%, 100%, 93%, 93%, 100%. Compared to non-COVID-19 pneumonia, COVID-19 pneumonia was more likely to have a peripheral distribution (80% vs. 57%, p<0.001), ground-glass opacity (91% vs. 68%, p<0.001), fine reticular opacity (56% vs. 22%, p<0.001), and vascular thickening (59% vs. 22%, p<0.001), but less likely to have a central+peripheral distribution (14.% vs. 35%, p<0.001), pleural effusion (4.1 vs. 39%, p<0.001) and lymphadenopathy (2.7% vs. 10.2%, p<0.001). Conclusion Radiologists in China and the United States distinguished COVID-19 from viral pneumonia on chest CT with high specificity but moderate sensitivity. A translation of this abstract in Farsi is available in the supplement. - \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a."}, {"pmid": 32515084, "title": "Caring for the carers: Advice for dealing with sleep problems of hospital staff during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Sleep Res", "authors": ["Ballesio, Andrea", "Lombardo, Caterina", "Lucidi, Fabio", "Violani, Cristiano"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515084", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hospital staff are at the frontline in the COVID-19 outbreak. The stressors they experience may induce sleep problems in a population already at risk. Sleep deprivation, long shifts and insomnia in hospital staff have been associated with individual, organizational and public health hazards. These include increased risk of mental and somatic disorders, altered immune responses, medical errors, misunderstandings, drowsy driving and burnout. In March 2020, the World Health Organization called for providing access to mental health and counselling for health professionals involved in the COVID-19 outbreak. To answer this call, we propose practical advice for the management of sleep problems (sleep deprivation, insomnia and shift work) that can be included in supportive interventions. The advice is based on psychobiological principles of sleep regulation and on guidelines for the treatment of insomnia and was implemented within an initiative offering psychological support to the staff of three university hospitals in Rome."}, {"pmid": 32445784, "pmcid": "PMC7238971", "title": "Rescue fibrinolysis in suspected massive pulmonary embolism during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Ly, Andre", "Alessandri, Claire", "Skripkina, Elena", "Meffert, Arnaud", "Clariot, Simon", "de Roux, Quentin", "Langeron, Olivier", "Mongardon, Nicolas"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445784", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32007143, "pmcid": "PMC7135076", "title": "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chen, Nanshan", "Zhou, Min", "Dong, Xuan", "Qu, Jieming", "Gong, Fengyun", "Han, Yang", "Qiu, Yang", "Wang, Jingli", "Liu, Ying", "Wei, Yuan", "Xia, Jia'an", "Yu, Ting", "Zhang, Xinxin", "Zhang, Li"], "date": "2020-02-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32007143", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December, 2019, a pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan, China. We aimed to further clarify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. In this retrospective, single-centre study, we included all confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital from Jan 1 to Jan 20, 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and were analysed for epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and radiological features and laboratory data. Outcomes were followed up until Jan 25, 2020. Of the 99 patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia, 49 (49%) had a history of exposure to the Huanan seafood market. The average age of the patients was 55\u00b75 years (SD 13\u00b71), including 67 men and 32 women. 2019-nCoV was detected in all patients by real-time RT-PCR. 50 (51%) patients had chronic diseases. Patients had clinical manifestations of fever (82 [83%] patients), cough (81 [82%] patients), shortness of breath (31 [31%] patients), muscle ache (11 [11%] patients), confusion (nine [9%] patients), headache (eight [8%] patients), sore throat (five [5%] patients), rhinorrhoea (four [4%] patients), chest pain (two [2%] patients), diarrhoea (two [2%] patients), and nausea and vomiting (one [1%] patient). According to imaging examination, 74 (75%) patients showed bilateral pneumonia, 14 (14%) patients showed multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity, and one (1%) patient had pneumothorax. 17 (17%) patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and, among them, 11 (11%) patients worsened in a short period of time and died of multiple organ failure. The 2019-nCoV infection was of clustering onset, is more likely to affect older males with comorbidities, and can result in severe and even fatal respiratory diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. In general, characteristics of patients who died were in line with the MuLBSTA score, an early warning model for predicting mortality in viral pneumonia. Further investigation is needed to explore the applicability of the MuLBSTA score in predicting the risk of mortality in 2019-nCoV infection. National Key R&D Program of China."}, {"pmid": 32331979, "pmcid": "PMC7158843", "title": "Response to the editorial \"COVID-19 in patients with cardiovascular diseases\": Covid-19 treatment with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine and azithromycin: A potential risk of Torsades de Pointes.", "journal": "Arch Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Funck-Brentano, Christian", "Salem, Joe-Elie", "Nguyen, Lee S", "Drici, Milou-Daniel", "Roden, Dan M"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331979", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325095, "pmcid": "PMC7169898", "title": "New Early Warning Score: off-label approach for Covid-19 outbreak patient deterioration in the community.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Semeraro, Federico", "Scquizzato, Tommaso", "Scapigliati, Andrea", "Ristagno, Giuseppe", "Gamberini, Lorenzo", "Tartaglione, Marco", "Dell'Arciprete, Oscar", "Mora, Fabio", "Cordenons, Fiorella", "Del Giudice, Donatella", "Picoco, Cosimo", "Gordini, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325095", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32160451, "title": "Virtually Perfect? Telemedicine for Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hollander, Judd E", "Carr, Brendan G"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160451", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345392, "pmcid": "PMC7218185", "title": "Universal masking in hospitals in the COVID-19 era: Is it time to consider shielding?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Advani, Sonali D", "Smith, Becky A", "Lewis, Sarah S", "Anderson, Deverick J", "Sexton, Daniel J"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With concerns for presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 and increasing burden of contact tracing and employee furloughs, several hospitals have supplemented pre-existing infection prevention measures with universal masking of all personnel in hospitals. Other hospitals are currently faced with the dilemma of whether or not to proceed with universal masking in a time of critical mask shortages. We summarize the rationale behind a universal masking policy in healthcare settings, important considerations before implementing such a policy and the challenges with universal masking. We also discusses proposed solutions such as universal face shields."}, {"pmid": 32198713, "pmcid": "PMC7091172", "title": "A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Wang, Qiong", "Qiu, Ye", "Li, Jin-Yan", "Zhou, Zhi-Jian", "Liao, Ce-Heng", "Ge, Xing-Yi"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198713", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423094, "title": "COVID-19 and Individual Genetic Susceptibility/Receptivity: Role of ACE1/ACE2 Genes, Immunity, Inflammation and Coagulation. Might the Double X-chromosome in Females Be Protective against SARS-CoV-2 Compared to the Single X-Chromosome in Males?", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Gemmati, Donato", "Bramanti, Barbara", "Serino, Maria Luisa", "Secchiero, Paola", "Zauli, Giorgio", "Tisato, Veronica"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423094", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was recognized in the city of Wuhan, China. Rapidly, it became an epidemic in China and has now spread throughout the world reaching pandemic proportions. High mortality rates characterize SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19), which mainly affects the elderly, causing unrestrained cytokines-storm and subsequent pulmonary shutdown, also suspected micro thromboembolism events. At the present time, no specific and dedicated treatments, nor approved vaccines, are available, though very promising data come from the use of anti-inflammatory, anti-malaria, and anti-coagulant drugs. In addition, it seems that males are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 than females, with males 65% more likely to die from the infection than females. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Chinese scientists show that of all cases about 1.7% of women who contract the virus will die compared with 2.8% of men, and data from Hong Kong hospitals state that 32% of male and 15% of female COVID-19 patients required intensive care or died. On the other hand, the long-term fallout of coronavirus may be worse for women than for men due to social and psychosocial reasons. Regardless of sex- or gender-biased data obtained from WHO and those gathered from sometimes controversial scientific journals, some central points should be considered. Firstly, SARS-CoV-2 has a strong interaction with the human ACE2 receptor, which plays an essential role in cell entry together with transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2); it is interesting to note that the ACE2 gene lays on the X-chromosome, thus allowing females to be potentially heterozygous and differently assorted compared to men who are definitely hemizygous. Secondly, the higher ACE2 expression rate in females, though controversial, might ascribe them the worst prognosis, in contrast with worldwide epidemiological data. Finally, several genes involved in inflammation are located on the X-chromosome, which also contains high number of immune-related genes responsible for innate and adaptive immune responses to infection. Other genes, out from the RAS-pathway, might directly or indirectly impact on the ACE1/ACE2 balance by influencing its main actors (e.g., ABO locus, SRY, SOX3, ADAM17). Unexpectedly, the higher levels of ACE2 or ACE1/ACE2 rebalancing might improve the outcome of COVID-19 in both sexes by reducing inflammation, thrombosis, and death. Moreover, X-heterozygous females might also activate a mosaic advantage and show more pronounced sex-related differences resulting in a sex dimorphism, further favoring them in counteracting the progression of the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32395696, "pmcid": "PMC7211979", "title": "Lung involvement in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): a retrospective study based on quantitative CT findings.", "journal": "Chin J Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Yu, Nan", "Shen, Cong", "Yu, Yong", "Dang, Minghai", "Cai, Shubo", "Guo, Youmin"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395696", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore lung involvement in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) using quantitative computed tomography (QCT). A total of 52 patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to three hospitals in China from January 23, 2020 to February 1, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed using QCT. The accuracy of QCT segmentation was assessed. The relationship between the time from symptom onset to initial CT and QCT parameters acquired on the initial CT were explored. First, the ability of QCT to detect and segment lesions was investigated and it was unveiled that results of segmentation of the majority of cases (42/52) were satisfactory and for 8 out of 52 patients, the images depicted lesions with miss-segmentation; besides, 2 out of 52 cases had negative finding on chest CT achieved by both radiologists and QCT. QCT-related parameters showed to have a relationship with the time from symptom onset to initial CT. In the early-stage (0-3 days), the percentage of lung involvement was 4%, with a mean density of -\u2009462\u2009\u00b1\u200999 HU. The peak density of lesions appeared at the range of -\u00a0500 to -\u2009700 HU on density histogram. In the intermediate-stage (4-6 days), the mean percentage of lung involvement noticeably increased compared with that in early stage (7%, p\u2009<\u20090.05). In late stage (7-14 days), the percentage of lung involvement decreased to 5%. The mean density of lesions was the highest (-\u2009430\u2009\u00b1\u200980), and heterogeneity density distribution showed a dual-peak on density histogram. COVID-19 can be promptly detected by QCT. In addition, the QCT-related parameters can highly facilitate assessment of pulmonary involvement."}, {"pmid": 32473029, "title": "Covido-pedago-phobia.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Prashanti, Eachempati", "Ramnarayan, Komattil"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473029", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Breathlessness, aches and pains, abdominal discomfort and hoarse voice! These may sound like the clinical presentation of COVID-19, but Nay! These are the symptoms experienced by the countless health professions education (HPE) teachers who have suddenly been thrust into the online world to engage learners."}, {"pmid": 32478620, "title": "Wet Nurses to Donor Milk Banks and Back Again: The Continuum of Sharing Our Milk to Save Lives.", "journal": "J Hum Lact", "authors": ["Marinelli, Kathleen A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478620", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31996345, "title": "China coronavirus: partial border closures into Hong Kong are not enough, say doctors.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Parry, Jane"], "date": "2020-01-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31996345", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451830, "pmcid": "PMC7247914", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: The Way Forward.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Lodha, Rakesh", "Kabra, S K"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451830", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513289, "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 Ivermectin Navarra-ISGlobal Trial (SAINT) to Evaluate the Potential of Ivermectin to Reduce COVID-19 Transmission in low risk, non-severe COVID-19 patients in the first 48 hours after symptoms onset: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized control pilot trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Chaccour, Carlos", "Ruiz-Castillo, Paula", "Richardson, Mary-Ann", "Moncunill, Gemma", "Casellas, Aina", "Carmona-Torre, Francisco", "Giraldez, Miriam", "Mota, Juana Schwartz", "Yuste, Jose Ramon", "Azanza, Jose Ramon", "Fernandez, Miriam", "Reina, Gabriel", "Dobano, Carlota", "Brew, Joe", "Sadaba, Belen", "Hammann, Felix", "Rabinovich, Regina"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513289", "countries": ["Gabon", "Spain", "Ethiopia", "Cameroon", "Chad", "Nigeria", "Congo", "Angola", "Sudan", "Guinea"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The primary objective is to determine the efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin, administered to low risk, non-severe COVID-19 patients in the first 48 hours after symptom onset to reduce the proportion of patients with detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test from nasopharyngeal swab at day 7 post-treatment. The secondary objectives are: 1.To assess the efficacy of ivermectin to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the nasopharyngeal swab at day 7 post treatment.2.To assess the efficacy of ivermectin to improve symptom progression in treated patients.3.To assess the proportion of seroconversions in treated patients at day 21.4.To assess the safety of ivermectin at the proposed dose.5.To determine the magnitude of immune response against SARS-CoV-2.6.To assess the early kinetics of immunity against SARS-CoV-2. SAINT is a single centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, superiority trial with two parallel arms. Participants will be randomized to receive a single dose of 400 \u03bcg/kg ivermectin or placebo, and the number of patients in the treatment and placebo groups will be the same (1:1 ratio). The population for the study will be patients with a positive nasopharyngeal swab PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, with non-severe COVID-19 disease, and no risk factors for progression to severity. Vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, minors (i.e.; under 18 years old), and seniors (i.e.; over 60 years old) will be excluded. Inclusion criteria 1. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the emergency room of the Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra (CUN) with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR. 2. Residents of the Pamplona basin (\"Cuenca de Pamplona\"). 3. The patient must be between the ages of 18 and 60 years of age. 4. Negative pregnancy test for women of child bearing age*. 5. The patient or his/her representative, has given informed consent to participate in the study. 6. The patient should, in the PI's opinion, be able to comply with all the requirements of the clinical trial (including home follow up during isolation). Exclusion criteria 1. Known history of ivermectin allergy. 2. Hypersensitivity to any component of ivermectin. 3. COVID-19 pneumonia. Diagnosed by the attending physician.Identified in a chest X-ray. 4. Fever or cough present for more than 48 hours. 5. Positive IgG against SARS-CoV-2 by rapid diagnostic test. 6. Age under 18 or over 60 years. 7. The following co-morbidities (or any other disease that might interfere with the study in the eyes of the PI): Immunosuppression.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Diabetes.Hypertension.Obesity.Acute or chronic renal failure.History of coronary disease.History of cerebrovascular disease.Current neoplasm. 8. Recent travel history to countries that are endemic for Loa loa (Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Equatorial, Guinea, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Nigeria and Sudan). 9. Current use of CYP 3A4 or P-gp inhibitor drugs such as quinidine, amiodarone, diltiazem, spironolactone, verapamil, clarithromycin, erythromycin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, indinavir, ritonavir or cobicistat. Use of critical CYP3A4 substrate drugs such as warfarin. *Women of child bearing age may participate if they use a safe contraceptive method for the entire period of the study and at least one month afterwards. A woman is considered to not have childbearing capacity if she is post-menopausal (minimum of 2 years without menstruation) or has undergone surgical sterilization (at least one month before the study). The trial is currently planned at a single center, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, in Navarra (Spain), and the immunology samples will be analyzed at the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), in Barcelona (Spain). Participants will be recruited by the investigators at the emergency room and/or COVID-19 area of the CUN. They will remain in the trial for a period of 28 days at their homes since they will be patients with mild disease. In the interest of public health and to contain transmission of infection, follow-up visits will be conducted in the participant's home by a clinical trial team comprising nursing and medical members. Home visits will assess clinical and laboratory parameters of the patients. Ivermectin will be administered to the treatment group at a 400\u03bcg/Kg dose (included in the EU approved label of Stromectol and Scabioral). The control group will receive placebo. There is no current data on the efficacy of ivermectin against the virus in vivo, therefore the use of placebo in the control group is ethically justified. Primary Proportion of patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR from a nasopharyngeal swab at day 7 post-treatment. Secondary 1.Mean viral load as determined by PCR cycle threshold (Ct) at baseline and on days 4, 7, 14, and 21.2.Proportion of patients with fever and cough at days 4, 7, 14, and 21 as well as proportion of patients progressing to severe disease or death during the trial.3.Proportion of patients with seroconversion at day 21.4.Proportion of drug-related adverse events during the trial.5.Median levels of IgG, IgM, IgA measured by Luminex, frequencies of innate and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells assessed by flow cytometry, median levels of inflammatory and activation markers measured by Luminex and transcriptomics.6.Median kinetics of IgG, IgM, IgA levels during the trial, until day 28. Eligible patients will be allocated in a 1:1 ratio using a randomization list generated by the trial statistician using blocks of four to ensure balance between the groups. A study identification code with the format \"SAINT-##\" (##: from 01 to 24) will be generated using a sequence of random numbers so that the randomization number does not match the subject identifier. The sequence and code used will be kept in an encrypted file accessible only to the trial statistician. A physical copy will be kept in a locked cabinet at the CUN, accessible only to the person administering the drug who will not enrol or attend to patient care. A separate set of 24 envelopes for emergency unblinding will be kept in the study file. The clinical trial team and the patients will be blinded. The placebo will not be visibly identical, but it will be administered by staff not involved in the clinical care or participant follow up. The sample size is 24 patients: 12 participants will be randomised to the treatment group and 12 participants to the control group. Current protocol version: 1.0 dated 16 of April 2020. Recruitment is envisioned to begin by May 14th and end by June 14th. EudraCT number: 2020-001474-29, registered April 1st. Clinicaltrials.gov: submitted, pending number FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32400366, "title": "[Ichthyosis vulgaris].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Dorf, Inger Lily", "Sommerlund, Mette", "Koppelhus, Uffe"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400366", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ichthyosis \u2013 also called fish scale disease \u2013 is a group of skin diseases, which are characterised by xerosis and scaling. Most commonly, the diseases are genetically inherited, but an acquired type also exists. Ichthyosis vulgaris (IV), is the most common type, affecting 1:250 individuals. Diagnosing IV can be challenging, because its clinical features are subject to great variation, ranging from mild cases with slight xerosis to severe cases with marked scaling and formation of fissures. In this review, IV and its most relevant differential diagnoses, X-linked ichthyosis, autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis and acquired ichthyosis are reviewed."}, {"pmid": 32404476, "pmcid": "PMC7223792", "title": "Estimating the burden of SARS-CoV-2 in France.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Salje, Henrik", "Tran Kiem, Cecile", "Lefrancq, Noemie", "Courtejoie, Noemie", "Bosetti, Paolo", "Paireau, Juliette", "Andronico, Alessio", "Hoze, Nathanael", "Richet, Jehanne", "Dubost, Claire-Lise", "Le Strat, Yann", "Lessler, Justin", "Levy-Bruhl, Daniel", "Fontanet, Arnaud", "Opatowski, Lulla", "Boelle, Pierre-Yves", "Cauchemez, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404476", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "France has been heavily affected by the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and went into lockdown on the 17 March 2020. Using models applied to hospital and death data, we estimate the impact of the lockdown and current population immunity. We find 3.6% of infected individuals are hospitalized and 0.7% die, ranging from 0.001% in those <20 years of age (ya) to 10.1% in those >80ya. Across all ages, men are more likely to be hospitalized, enter intensive care, and die than women. The lockdown reduced the reproductive number from 2.90 to 0.67 (77% reduction). By 11 May 2020, when interventions are scheduled to be eased, we project 2.8 million (range: 1.8-4.7) people, or 4.4% (range: 2.8-7.2) of the population, will have been infected. Population immunity appears insufficient to avoid a second wave if all control measures are released at the end of the lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32501021, "title": "Community-based screening and testing for Coronavirus in Cape Town, South Africa: Short report.", "journal": "Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med", "authors": ["David, Neal", "Mash, Robert"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501021", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Cape Town in March 2020 and the transmission was soon observed in local communities. Cape Town has many vulnerable communities because of poverty, overcrowding and comorbidities, although it has a relatively small elderly population. Amongst the unique and early responses to the pandemic in South Africa has been the strategy of community screening and testing (CST). This process has been drawn from health department's prior adoption of a community-orientated primary care (COPC) approach, which relies on teams of community health workers working in delineated communities to prevent disease and provide early interventions for those at higher risk. The COPC principles were applied in the CST programme, which involved collaboration between facility and community-based teams, linking public health and primary care approaches, careful mapping of cases in highly vulnerable communities, targeted screening around cases, testing of those that screened positive, health education and linkage to primary care. The overall aim was to slow down transmission through early identification and isolation of diagnosed cases. Key challenges involved the designing of a screening tool with appropriate sensitivity and specificity as well as the logistics of staffing, transport, consumables, data collection and capture, security, ablutions and personal protective equipment. Key opportunities included synergies between CST and evolving commitment to COPC in the health system. Key threats were the deteriorating security situation in the most vulnerable communities because of loss of income, food insecurity and CST distrust as well as increasing turn-around-times for test results."}, {"pmid": 32470172, "title": "Recurrent positive SARS-CoV-2: Immune certificate may not be valid.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Tao", "Wu, Sanyun", "Zeng, Guang", "Zhou, Fuling", "Li, Yirong", "Guo, Fangjian", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470172", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379731, "title": "COVID-19 Among Workers in Meat and Poultry Processing Facilities - 19 States, April 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Dyal, Jonathan W", "Grant, Michael P", "Broadwater, Kendra", "Bjork, Adam", "Waltenburg, Michelle A", "Gibbins, John D", "Hale, Christa", "Silver, Maggie", "Fischer, Marc", "Steinberg, Jonathan", "Basler, Colin A", "Jacobs, Jesica R", "Kennedy, Erin D", "Tomasi, Suzanne", "Trout, Douglas", "Hornsby-Myers, Jennifer", "Oussayef, Nadia L", "Delaney, Lisa J", "Patel, Ketki", "Shetty, Varun", "Kline, Kelly E", "Schroeder, Betsy", "Herlihy, Rachel K", "House, Jennifer", "Jervis, Rachel", "Clayton, Joshua L", "Ortbahn, Dustin", "Austin, Connie", "Berl, Erica", "Moore, Zack", "Buss, Bryan F", "Stover, Derry", "Westergaard, Ryan", "Pray, Ian", "DeBolt, Meghan", "Person, Amy", "Gabel, Julie", "Kittle, Theresa S", "Hendren, Pamela", "Rhea, Charles", "Holsinger, Caroline", "Dunn, John", "Turabelidze, George", "Ahmed, Farah S", "deFijter, Siestke", "Pedati, Caitlin S", "Rattay, Karyl", "Smith, Erica E", "Luna-Pinto, Carolina", "Cooley, Laura A", "Saydah, Sharon", "Preacely, Nykiconia D", "Maddox, Ryan A", "Lundeen, Elizabeth", "Goodwin, Bradley", "Karpathy, Sandor E", "Griffing, Sean", "Jenkins, Mary M", "Lowry, Garry", "Schwarz, Rachel D", "Yoder, Jonathan", "Peacock, Georgina", "Walke, Henry T", "Rose, Dale A", "Honein, Margaret A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379731", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Congregate work and residential locations are at increased risk for infectious disease transmission including respiratory illness outbreaks. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is primarily spread person to person through respiratory droplets. Nationwide, the meat and poultry processing industry, an essential component of the U.S. food infrastructure, employs approximately 500,000 persons, many of whom work in proximity to other workers (1). Because of reports of initial cases of COVID-19, in some meat processing facilities, states were asked to provide aggregated data concerning the number of meat and poultry processing facilities affected by COVID-19 and the number of workers with COVID-19 in these facilities, including COVID-19-related deaths. Qualitative data gathered by CDC during on-site and remote assessments were analyzed and summarized. During April 9-27, aggregate data on COVID-19 cases among 115 meat or poultry processing facilities in 19 states were reported to CDC. Among these facilities, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 4,913 (approximately 3%) workers, and 20 COVID-19-related deaths were reported. Facility barriers to effective prevention and control of COVID-19 included difficulty distancing workers at least 6 feet (2 meters) from one another (2) and in implementing COVID-19-specific disinfection guidelines.* Among workers, socioeconomic challenges might contribute to working while feeling ill, particularly if there are management practices such as bonuses that incentivize attendance. Methods to decrease transmission within the facility include worker symptom screening programs, policies to discourage working while experiencing symptoms compatible with COVID-19, and social distancing by workers. Source control measures (e.g., the use of cloth face covers) as well as increased disinfection of high-touch surfaces are also important means of preventing SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Mitigation efforts to reduce transmission in the community should also be considered. Many of these measures might also reduce asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission (3). Implementation of these public health strategies will help protect workers from COVID-19 in this industry and assist in preserving the critical meat and poultry production infrastructure (4)."}, {"pmid": 32513790, "title": "Teamwork, A Novel Concept During an Infectious Pandemic?", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Cron, Randy Q", "Chatham, W Winn"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513790", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We value Drs. Caricchio's and Criner's appreciation of our commentary on the role of rheumatologists in the Covid-19 pandemic (1). We applaud Temple University for collaborating in the care of hospitalized patients with Covid-19, many of whom are suffering a cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) (2)."}, {"pmid": 32267769, "title": "Legal aspects of COVID-19 pandemic management for community nurses.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Finch, John"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267769", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432783, "title": "Internet+ and COVID-19 - A short report.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Chen, J", "Guo, Y-C", "Ye, L", "Zhou, M-Y", "Cheng, Y-R", "Wang, M-W", "Feng, Z-H"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432783", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 broke out in China at the end of 2019 and spread rapidly around the world. The World Health Organization designated COVID-19 as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. China has adopted its own country-specific comprehensive prevention and control measures, and, as a result, the domestic COVID-19 epidemic became effectively controlled in China in mid-March 2020. During the COVID-19 epidemic, remarkable changes have taken place in China's domestic learning, living, and working methods, primarily in terms of the synergy between the Internet Plus (Internet+) strategy and the leadership of the Chinese government."}, {"pmid": 32360944, "pmcid": "PMC7192113", "title": "The accuracy of \"Preliminary estimation of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Iran: A modelling analysis based on overseas cases and air travel data\".", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ahmadi, Ali", "Kheiril, Soleiman", "Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah", "Raeisi, Hadi", "Mosavi, Masoumeh", "Sharifi, Hamid"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360944", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300260, "pmcid": "PMC7151455", "title": "Editorial: Studying the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on intercultural relations.", "journal": "Int J Intercult Relat", "authors": ["Schwartz, Seth J"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300260", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322988, "pmcid": "PMC7175829", "title": "[Handling of COVID-19 in the emergency department : Field report of the emergency ward of the University Hospital Munster].", "journal": "Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed", "authors": ["Wennmann, D O", "Dlugos, C P", "Hofschroer, A", "Hennies, M", "Kuhn, J", "Hafezi, W", "Kampmeier, S", "Mellmann, A", "Triphaus, S", "Sackarnd, J", "Tepasse, P", "Keller, M", "Van Aken, H", "Pavenstadt, H", "Kumpers, P"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322988", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the COVID-19 pandemic, emergency rooms are faced with major challenges because they act as the interface between outpatient and inpatient care. The dynamics of the pandemic forced emergency care at the University Hospital M\u00fcnster to extensively adjust their processes, which had to be carried out in the shortest time possible. This included the establishment of an outpatient coronavirus test center and a medical student-operated telephone hotline. Inside the hospital, new isolation capacities in the emergency room and a dedicated COVID-19 ward were set up. The patient flow was reorganized using flow diagrams for both the outpatient and inpatient areas. The general and special emergency management was optimized for the efficient treatment of COVID-19-positive patients and the staff were trained in the use of protective equipment. This report of our experience is intended to support other emergency departments in their preparation for the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32279081, "pmcid": "PMC7184388", "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Chen, TieLong", "Dai, Zhe", "Mo, Pingzheng", "Li, Xinyu", "Ma, Zhiyong", "Song, Shihui", "Chen, Xiaoping", "Luo, Mingqi", "Liang, Ke", "Gao, Shicheng", "Zhang, Yongxi", "Deng, Liping", "Xiong, Yong"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279081", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city and spread rapidly throughout China and the world. In this study, we aimed to describe the clinical course and outcomes of older patients with COVID-19. This is a retrospective investigation of hospitalized older patients with confirmed COVID-19 at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 1, 2020, to February 10, 2020. In total, 203 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, with a median age of 54 years (interquartile range, 41-68; range, 20-91 years). Men accounted for 108 (53.2%) of the cases, and 55 patients (27.1%) were >65 years of age. Among patients who were 65 years and older, the mortality rate was 34.5% (19/55), which was significantly higher than that of younger patients at 4.7% (7/148). Common symptoms of older patients with COVID-19 included fever (94.5%; n=52), dry cough (69.1%; n=38), and chest distress (63.6%; n=35). Compared with young patients, older patients had more laboratory abnormalities and comorbidities. Through a multivariate analysis of the causes of death in older patients, we found that males, comorbidities, time from disease onset to hospitalization, abnormal kidney function, and elevated procalcitonin levels were all significantly associated with death. In the recent outbreak of COVID-19, our local hospital in Wuhan found that patients aged 65 and older had greater initial comorbidities, more severe symptoms, and were more likely to experience multi-organ involvement and death, as compared with younger patients."}, {"pmid": 32393801, "title": "Supporting the UK National Health Service during the COVID-19 crisis from an academic perspective.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Trost, Matthias"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393801", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377642, "pmcid": "PMC7200136", "title": "Initial data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance provider registries - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Gianfrancesco, Milena A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377642", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357377, "pmcid": "PMC7267608", "title": "Performing the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab for 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) safely: How to dress, undress, and technical notes.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Di Maio, Pasquale", "Iocca, Oreste", "Cavallero, Antonio", "Giudice, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357377", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To show how to safely perform nasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal swabs for 2019-novel coronavirus. The video describes in detail the dressing and undressing procedures of health personnel, with the appropriate personal protective equipment. Technical notes for the execution of the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab are also provided to avoid sampling errors. The undressing phase is the procedure with the highest risk of self-contamination for the health worker. Following the various steps as shown in the video, there were no cases of contagion among the otolaryngology team appointed to perform the swabs for SARS-CoV-2 testing. This study demonstrates the technical feasibility of safely performing nasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal swabs for identification of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA."}, {"pmid": 32473123, "pmcid": "PMC7255254", "title": "Small droplet aerosols in poorly ventilated spaces and SARS-CoV-2 transmission.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Somsen, G Aernout", "van Rijn, Cees", "Kooij, Stefan", "Bem, Reinout A", "Bonn, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473123", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324653, "pmcid": "PMC7255403", "title": "Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19. Endorsed by the Society of Thoracic Radiology, the American College of Radiology, and RSNA.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Simpson, Scott", "Kay, Fernando U", "Abbara, Suhny", "Bhalla, Sanjeev", "Chung, Jonathan H", "Chung, Michael", "Henry, Travis S", "Kanne, Jeffrey P", "Kligerman, Seth", "Ko, Jane P", "Litt, Harold"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324653", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Routine screening CT for the identification of COVID-19 pneumonia is currently not recommended by most radiology societies. However, the number of CTs performed in persons under investigation (PUI) for COVID-19 has increased. We also anticipate that some patients will have incidentally detected findings that could be attributable to COVID-19 pneumonia, requiring radiologists to decide whether or not to mention COVID-19 specifically as a differential diagnostic possibility. We aim to provide guidance to radiologists in reporting CT findings potentially attributable to COVID-19 pneumonia, including standardized language to reduce reporting variability when addressing the possibility of COVID-19. When typical or indeterminate features of COVID-19 pneumonia are present in endemic areas as an incidental finding, we recommend contacting the referring providers to discuss the likelihood of viral infection. These incidental findings do not necessarily need to be reported as COVID-19 pneumonia. In this setting, using the term \"viral pneumonia\" can be a reasonable and inclusive alternative. However, if one opts to use the term \"COVID-19\" in the incidental setting, consider the provided standardized reporting language. In addition, practice patterns may vary, and this document is meant to serve as a guide. Consultation with clinical colleagues at each institution is suggested to establish a consensus reporting approach. The goal of this expert consensus is to help radiologists recognize findings of COVID-19 pneumonia and aid their communication with other healthcare providers, assisting management of patients during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32455503, "title": "Face coverings for the public: Laying straw men to rest.", "journal": "J Eval Clin Pract", "authors": ["Greenhalgh, Trisha"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455503", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background This article responds to one by Graham Martin and colleagues, who offered a critique of my previous publications on face coverings for the lay public in the Covid-19 pandemic. Their paper reflects criticisms that have been made of face coverings policies more generally. Method Narrative rebuttal. Results I address charges that my coauthors and I had misapplied the precautionary principle; drawn conclusions that were not supported by empirical research; and failed to take account of potential harms But before that, I remind my critics that the evidence on face coverings goes beyond the contested trials and observational studies they place centre stage. I set out some key findings from basic science, epidemiology, mathematical modelling, case studies, and natural experiments, and use this rich and diverse body of evidence as the backdrop for my rebuttal of their narrowly framed objections. I challenge my critics' apparent assumption that a particular kind of systematic review should be valorised over narrative and real-world evidence, since stories are crucial to both our scientific understanding and our moral imagination. Conclusion I conclude by thanking my academic adversaries for the intellectual sparring match, but exhort them to remember our professional accountability to a society in crisis. It is time to lay straw men to rest and embrace the full range of evidence in the context of the perilous threat the world is now facing."}, {"pmid": 32348064, "title": "Hearing the Call of Duty: What We Must Do to Allow Medical Students to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "WMJ", "authors": ["Kalet, Adina L", "Jotterand, Fabrice", "Muntz, Martin", "Thapa, Bipin", "Campbell, Bruce"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348064", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234368, "pmcid": "PMC7270524", "title": "Considering the challenge of the Covid-19 pandemic, is there a need to adapt the guidelines for basic life support resuscitation?", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Savary, Dominique", "Morin, Francois", "Fadel, Marc", "Metton, Pierre", "Richard, J C", "Descatha, Alexis"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234368", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434823, "title": "Rheumatic diseases in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Moiseev, Sergey", "Avdeev, Sergey", "Brovko, Michail", "Yavorovskiy, Andrey", "Novikov, Pavel I", "Umbetova, Karina", "Akulkina, Larisa", "Tsareva, Natal'ya", "Fomin, Victor"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434823", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437596, "title": "Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Ackermann, Maximilian", "Verleden, Stijn E", "Kuehnel, Mark", "Haverich, Axel", "Welte, Tobias", "Laenger, Florian", "Vanstapel, Arno", "Werlein, Christopher", "Stark, Helge", "Tzankov, Alexandar", "Li, William W", "Li, Vincent W", "Mentzer, Steven J", "Jonigk, Danny"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437596", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Progressive respiratory failure is the primary cause of death in the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Despite widespread interest in the pathophysiology of the disease, relatively little is known about the associated morphologic and molecular changes in the peripheral lung of patients who die from Covid-19. We examined 7 lungs obtained during autopsy from patients who died from Covid-19 and compared them with 7 lungs obtained during autopsy from patients who died from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to influenza A(H1N1) infection and 10 age-matched, uninfected control lungs. The lungs were studied with the use of seven-color immunohistochemical analysis, micro-computed tomographic imaging, scanning electron microscopy, corrosion casting, and direct multiplexed measurement of gene expression. In patients who died from Covid-19-associated or influenza-associated respiratory failure, the histologic pattern in the peripheral lung was diffuse alveolar damage with perivascular T-cell infiltration. The lungs from patients with Covid-19 also showed distinctive vascular features, consisting of severe endothelial injury associated with the presence of intracellular virus and disrupted cell membranes. Histologic analysis of pulmonary vessels in patients with Covid-19 showed widespread thrombosis with microangiopathy. Alveolar capillary microthrombi were 9 times as prevalent in patients with Covid-19 as in patients with influenza (P<0.001). In lungs from patients with Covid-19, the amount of new vessel growth - predominantly through a mechanism of intussusceptive angiogenesis - was 2.7 times as high as that in the lungs from patients with influenza (P<0.001). In our small series, vascular angiogenesis distinguished the pulmonary pathobiology of Covid-19 from that of equally severe influenza virus infection. The universality and clinical implications of our observations require further research to define. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.)."}, {"pmid": 32310015, "title": "Cerebrovascular disease is associated with an increased disease severity in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A pooled analysis of published literature.", "journal": "Int J Stroke", "authors": ["Aggarwal, Gaurav", "Lippi, Giuseppe", "Michael Henry, Brandon"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310015", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an urgent need to identify patients at high risk during the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Whether a history of stroke is associated with increased severity of disease or mortality is unknown. We pooled studies from published literature to assess the association of a history of stroke with outcomes in patients with COVID-19. A pooled analysis of 4 studies showed a \u223c2.5-fold increase in odds of severe COVID-19. While a trend was observed, there was no statistically significant association of stroke with mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection. Our findings are limited by a small number of studies and sample size. There is a \u223c2.5-fold increase in odds of severe COVID-19 illness with a history of cerebrovascular disease."}, {"pmid": 32335078, "pmcid": "PMC7177128", "title": "Deep impact of COVID-19 in the healthcare of Latin America: the case of Brazil.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cimerman, Sergio", "Chebabo, Alberto", "Cunha, Clovis Arns da", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335078", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265049, "pmcid": "PMC7270421", "title": "[Taking preventive measures immediately: evidence from China on COVID-19].", "journal": "Gac Sanit", "authors": ["Zhao, Guanlan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265049", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334084, "pmcid": "PMC7194665", "title": "Incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and countries affected by malarial infections.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ahmed, Anwar E"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328594, "title": "Editorial: COVID-19: an opportunity to lead.", "journal": "Quintessence Int", "authors": ["Levin, Liran"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328594", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271458, "title": "A classifier prediction model to predict the status of Coronavirus COVID-19 patients in South Korea.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Al-Najjar, H", "Al-Rousan, N"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271458", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus COVID-19 further transmitted to several countries globally. The status of the infected cases can be determined basing on the treatment process along with several other factors. This research aims to build a classifier prediction model to predict the status of recovered and death coronavirus CovID-19 patients in South Korea. Artificial neural network principle is used to classify the collected data between February 20, 2020 and March 9, 2020. The proposed classifier used different seven variables, namely, country, infection reason, sex, group, confirmation date, birth year, and region. The most effective variables on recovered and fatal cases are analyzed based on the neural network model. The results found that the proposed predictive classifier efficiently predicted recovered and death cases. Besides, it is found that discovering the infection reason would increase the probability to recover the patient. This indicates that the virus might be controllable based on infection reasons. In addition, the earlier discovery of the disease affords better control and a higher probability of being recovered. Our recommendation is to use this model to predict the status of the patients globally."}, {"pmid": 32500586, "title": "Disruptions during a pandemic: Gaps identified and lessons learned.", "journal": "J Dent Educ", "authors": ["Elangovan, Satheesh", "Mahrous, Ahmed", "Marchini, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500586", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Global disruptions caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects all walks of life, and dentistry and dental education are no exceptions. Dental education uniquely blends didactic courses and hands-on clinical training seamlessly to prepare oral healthcare providers of the future. Apart from economical and access to care implications, closure of all the dental institutions in the United States affects their educational mission greatly, equally disturbing pre-doctoral and graduate training. Efforts are ongoing to continue the educational mission in dental institutions by delivering scheduled course content remotely using multiple online tools. In spite of those efforts, since clinical experiences cannot be completely replaced by any available alternative method of instruction that is delivered remotely, students are missing out on valuable patient-based clinical experiences. In this perspective article, we briefly discuss the several implications of COVID-19, in the context of dental education. We then highlight some of the lessons we can learn from this pandemic which we hope will have several positive implications, including curricular changes, increased public health awareness and preparedness for future public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32405838, "pmcid": "PMC7218703", "title": "[Challenges of COVID-19 for nursing care in nursing homes].", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Halek, Margareta", "Reuther, Sven", "Schmidt, Jorg"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405838", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423996, "title": "Susceptible supply limits the role of climate in the early SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Baker, Rachel E", "Yang, Wenchang", "Vecchi, Gabriel A", "Metcalf, C Jessica E", "Grenfell, Bryan T"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423996", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Preliminary evidence suggests that climate may modulate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Yet it remains unclear whether seasonal and geographic variations in climate can substantially alter the pandemic trajectory, given high susceptibility is a core driver. Here, we use a climate-dependent epidemic model to simulate the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic probing different scenarios based on known coronavirus biology. We find that while variations in weather may be important for endemic infections, during the pandemic stage of an emerging pathogen the climate drives only modest changes to pandemic size. A preliminary analysis of non-pharmaceutical control measures indicates that they may moderate the pandemic-climate interaction via susceptible depletion. Our findings suggest, without effective control measures, strong outbreaks are likely in more humid climates and summer weather will not substantially limit pandemic growth."}, {"pmid": 32060933, "pmcid": "PMC7165814", "title": "2019_nCoV/SARS-CoV-2: rapid classification of betacoronaviruses and identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine as potential origin of zoonotic coronaviruses.", "journal": "Lett Appl Microbiol", "authors": ["Wassenaar, T M", "Zou, Y"], "date": "2020-02-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32060933", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus, 2019_nCoV\u00a0(now named SARS-CoV-2), illustrated difficulties in identifying a novel coronavirus and its natural host, as the coding sequences of various Betacoronavirus species can be highly diverse. By means of whole-genome sequence comparisons, we demonstrate that the noncoding flanks of the viral genome can be used to correctly separate the recognized four betacoronavirus subspecies. The conservation would be sufficient to define target sequences that could, in theory, classify novel virus species into their subspecies. Only 253 upstream noncoding sequences of Sarbecovirus are sufficient to identify genetic similarities between species of this subgenus. Furthermore, it was investigated which bat species have commercial value in China, and would thus likely be handled for trading purposes. A number of coronavirus genomes have been published that were obtained from such bat species. These bats are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and their handling poses a potential risk to cause zoonotic coronavirus epidemics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The noncoding upstream and downstream flanks of coronavirus genomes allow for rapid classification of novel Betacoronavirus species and correct identification of genetic relationships. Although bats are the likely natural host of 2019_nCoV, the exact bat species that serves as the natural host of the virus remains as yet unknown. Chinese bat species with commercial value were identified as natural reservoirs of coronaviruses and are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Since their trading provides a potential risk for spreading zoonoses, a change in these practices is highly recommended."}, {"pmid": 32213506, "title": "Covid-19: experts question analysis suggesting half UK population has been infected.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sayburn, Anna"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213506", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348232, "title": "A Patient with COVID-19 Disease in a Referral Hospital in Iran: A Typical Case.", "journal": "Infect Disord Drug Targets", "authors": ["Ghiasvand, Fereshteh", "Miandoab, Sepideh Zahak", "Harandi, Hamid", "Golestan, Fereshteh Shahmari", "Alinaghi, Seyed Ahmad Seyed"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348232", "countries": ["Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Japan", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the initial Wuhan outbreak in the end of December 2019, many new cases were found in other provinces of China and also many other countries over the world, including South Korea, Italy, Iran, Japan, and 68 other countries. We presented a 61-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus was referred to the emergency department of a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. The patient presented with fever, chills, and myalgia within three days. Laboratory analysis showed increased levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and mild leukopenia. SARSCoV-2 PCR test -under Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoH&ME) guidelines - result was positive and the chest X-ray shows bilateral ground glass opacity. O2 saturation was 87% (without O2 therapy). The patient was hospitalized and treated with Oseltamivir 75 mg every 12 hours, Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) 400/100 mg every 12 hours and hydroxychloroquine 400 mg stat. The patient last O2 saturation measured was 93% and had no fever in the 10th day of hospitalization. So she has been discharged from hospital and homeisolated according to Iran Ministry of Health protocol."}, {"pmid": 32320999, "pmcid": "PMC7176336", "title": "CHALLENGES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS.", "journal": "Rev Paul Pediatr", "authors": ["Medeiros, Eduardo Alexandrino Servolo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320999", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32148173, "pmcid": "PMC7144200", "title": "Is SARS-CoV-2 originated from laboratory? A rebuttal to the claim of formation via laboratory recombination.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Hao, Pei", "Zhong, Wu", "Song, Shiyang", "Fan, Shiyong", "Li, Xuan"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32148173", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366616, "title": "Onsite telemedicine strategy for coronavirus (COVID-19) screening to limit exposure in ED.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Chou, Eric", "Hsieh, Yu-Lin", "Wolfshohl, Jon", "Green, Fonda", "Bhakta, Toral"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366616", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) outbreak is a public health emergency and a global pandemic. During the present coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis, telemedicine has been recommended to screen suspected patients to limit risk of exposure and maximise medical staff protection. We constructed the protective physical barrier with telemedicine technology to limit COVID-19 exposure in ED. Our hospital is an urban community hospital with annual ED volume of approximately 50\u2009000 patients. We equipped our patient exam room with intercom and iPad for telecommunication. Based on our telemedicine screening protocol, physician can conduct a visual physical examination on stable patients via intercom or videoconference. Telemedicine was initially used to overcome the physical barrier between patients and physicians. However, our protocol is designed to create a protective physical barrier to protect healthcare workers and enhance efficiency in ED. The implementation can be a promising protocol in making ED care more cost-effective and efficient during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond."}, {"pmid": 32375459, "title": "Emergency Management of Mental Hospitals during the Outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Investig", "authors": ["Hu, Nannan", "Mao, Hongjing"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375459", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32178970, "pmcid": "PMC7270568", "title": "Composition of human-specific slow codons and slow di-codons in SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV are lower than other coronaviruses suggesting a faster protein synthesis rate of SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Yang, Chu-Wen", "Chen, Mei-Fang"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178970", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Translation of a genetic codon without a cognate tRNA gene is affected by both the cognate tRNA availability and the interaction with non-cognate isoacceptor tRNAs. Moreover, two consecutive slow codons (slow di-codons) lead to a much slower translation rate. Calculating the composition of host specific slow codons and slow di-codons in the viral protein coding sequences can predict the order of viral protein synthesis rates between different virus strains. Comparison of human-specific slow codon and slow di-codon compositions in the genomes of 590 coronaviruses infect humans revealed that the protein synthetic rates of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) may be much faster than other coronaviruses infect humans. Analysis of host-specific slow codon and di-codon compositions provides links between viral genomic sequences and capability of virus replication in host cells that may be useful for surveillance of the transmission potential of novel viruses."}, {"pmid": 32381308, "pmcid": "PMC7252078", "title": "How 3D Printing Can Prevent Spread of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Professionals During Times of Critical Shortage of Protective Personal Equipment.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Maracaja, Luiz", "Blitz, Daina", "Maracaja, Danielle L V", "Walker, Caroline A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381308", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283138, "pmcid": "PMC7151530", "title": "A cluster of pneumonia associated with the SARS-Cov-2 outside of Wuhan related to a house-warming banquet.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Luxiang", "Quan, Jingjing", "Lv, Jiaojian", "Long, Siqin", "Hu, Wei", "Zhuge, Huang", "Zhou, Zhihui", "Zhao, Dongdong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283138", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342112, "pmcid": "PMC7185267", "title": "A guide for urogynecologic patient care utilizing telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: review of existing evidence.", "journal": "Int Urogynecol J", "authors": ["Grimes, Cara L", "Balk, Ethan M", "Crisp, Catrina C", "Antosh, Danielle D", "Murphy, Miles", "Halder, Gabriela E", "Jeppson, Peter C", "Weber LeBrun, Emily E", "Raman, Sonali", "Kim-Fine, Shunaha", "Iglesia, Cheryl", "Dieter, Alexis A", "Yurteri-Kaplan, Ladin", "Adam, Gaelen", "Meriwether, Kate V"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342112", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic and the desire to \"flatten the curve\" of transmission have significantly affected the way providers care for patients. Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgeons (FPMRS) must provide high quality of care through remote access such as telemedicine. No clear guidelines exist on the use of telemedicine in FPMRS. Using expedited literature review methodology, we provide guidance regarding management of common outpatient urogynecology scenarios during the pandemic. We grouped FPMRS conditions into those in which virtual management differs from direct in-person visits and conditions in which treatment would emphasize behavioral and conservative counseling but not deviate from current management paradigms. We conducted expedited literature review on four topics (telemedicine in FPMRS, pessary management, urinary tract infections, urinary retention) and addressed four other topics (urinary incontinence, prolapse, fecal incontinence, defecatory dysfunction) based on existing systematic reviews and guidelines. We further compiled expert consensus regarding management of FPMRS patients in the virtual setting, scenarios when in-person visits are necessary, symptoms that should alert providers, and specific considerations for FPMRS patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Behavioral, medical, and conservative management will be valuable as first-line virtual treatments. Certain situations will require different treatments in the virtual setting while others will require an in-person visit despite the risks of COVID-19 transmission. We have presented guidance for treating FPMRS conditions via telemedicine based on rapid literature review and expert consensus and presented it in a format that can be actively referenced."}, {"pmid": 32312064, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): two case reports from a family cluster.", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "authors": ["Tang, Lei", "Ye, Zheng", "Huang, Zixing", "Zeng, Xianchun", "Wang, Tao", "Xu, Rui", "Wang, Rongpin", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312064", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease, firstly appeared in Wuhan city and has rapidly spread to 114 countries outside China, which is receiving worldwide attention. As two important means of examination, computed tomography (CT) and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have always been controversial in the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Here, we report a family cluster case of a father and a son diagnosed as COVID-19 at our hospital, and described the clinical manifestations, laboratory results, CT changes, diagnosis and treatment strategy of these two patients. Focus on the value of these two methods in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, as well as their respective deficiencies. For patient 1 (father), the efficacy of RT-PCR is not satisfactory either in terms of diagnosis or follow-up, which may cause misdiagnosis and delay treatment. For patient 2 (son), the clinical symptoms were not obvious, but CT imaging clearly displayed dynamic changes of the lung lesions. Meanwhile, the two patients respectively underwent five chest CT examinations during their hospitalization and discharge follow-up, showing the potential harm of radiation. Therefore, in clinical work, doctors should make full use of the advantages of CT and RT-PCR, and take other measures to make up for their disadvantages."}, {"pmid": 32272153, "pmcid": "PMC7194625", "title": "ASE Statement on Protection of Patients and Echocardiography Service Providers During the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Kirkpatrick, James N", "Mitchell, Carol", "Taub, Cynthia", "Kort, Smadar", "Hung, Judy", "Swaminathan, Madhav"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272153", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478942, "title": "Covid-19 infection in psoriasis patients treated with cyclosporin.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Di Lernia, V", "Goldust, M", "Feliciani, C"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299783, "pmcid": "PMC7271256", "title": "The association between international and domestic air traffic and the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lau, Hien", "Khosrawipour, Veria", "Kocbach, Piotr", "Mikolajczyk, Agata", "Ichii, Hirohito", "Zacharski, Maciej", "Bania, Jacek", "Khosrawipour, Tanja"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299783", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the current outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) a global pandemic. Many countries are facing increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases, which are, in their origin mostly attributed to regular international flight connections with China. This study aims to investigate this relation by analyzing available data on air traffic volume and the spread of COVID-19 cases. and findings: We analyzed available data on current domestic and international passenger volume and flight routes and compared these to the distribution of domestic and international COVID-19 cases. Our data indicate a strong linear correlation between domestic COVID-19 cases and passenger volume for regions within China (r2\u00a0=\u00a00.92, p\u00a0=\u00a00.19) and a significant correlation between international COVID-19 cases and passenger volume (r2\u00a0=\u00a00.98, p\u00a0<\u00a00.01). The number of flight routes as well as total passenger volume are highly relevant risk factors for the spread of current COVID-19. Multiple regions within Asia, as well as some in North America and Europe are at serious risk of constant exposure to COVID-19 from China and other highly infected countries. Risk for COVID-19 exposure remains relatively low in South America and Africa. If adequate measures are taken, including on-site disease detection and temporary passenger quarantine, limited but not terminated air traffic can be a feasible option to prevent a long-term crisis. Reasonable risk calculations and case evaluations per passenger volume are crucial aspects which must be considered when reducing international flights."}, {"pmid": 32432895, "title": "COVID-19 Lung Injury and \"Typical\" ARDS: The Danger of Presumed Equivalency.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Kyle-Sidell, Cameron"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432895", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324102, "pmcid": "PMC7233397", "title": "Acute Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Patients on CT Angiography and Relationship to D-Dimer Levels.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Leonard-Lorant, Ian", "Delabranche, Xavier", "Severac, Francois", "Helms, Julie", "Pauzet, Coralie", "Collange, Olivier", "Schneider, Francis", "Labani, Aissam", "Bilbault, Pascal", "Moliere, Sebastien", "Leyendecker, Pierre", "Roy, Catherine", "Ohana, Mickael"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324102", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335167, "pmcid": "PMC7177146", "title": "The role of community-wide wearing of face mask for control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic due to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Wong, Shuk-Ching", "Chuang, Vivien Wai-Man", "So, Simon Yung-Chun", "Chen, Jonathan Hon-Kwan", "Sridhar, Siddharth", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Ho, Pak-Leung", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335167", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Germany", "Singapore", "Korea, Republic of", "Spain", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Face mask usage by the healthy population in the community to reduce risk of transmission of respiratory viruses remains controversial. We assessed the effect of community-wide mask usage to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). Patients presenting with respiratory symptoms at outpatient clinics or hospital wards were screened for COVID-19 per protocol. Epidemiological analysis was performed for confirmed cases, especially persons acquiring COVID-19 during mask-off and mask-on settings. The incidence of COVID-19 per million population in HKSAR with community-wide masking was compared to that of non-mask-wearing countries which are comparable with HKSAR in terms of population density, healthcare system, BCG vaccination and social distancing measures but not community-wide masking. Compliance of face mask usage in the HKSAR community was monitored. Within first 100 days (31 December 2019 to 8 April 2020), 961 COVID-19 patients were diagnosed in HKSAR. The COVID-19 incidence in HKSAR (129.0 per million population) was significantly lower (p<0.001) than that of Spain (2983.2), Italy (2250.8), Germany (1241.5), France (1151.6), U.S. (1102.8), U.K. (831.5), Singapore (259.8), and South Korea (200.5). The compliance of face mask usage by HKSAR general public was 96.6% (range: 95.7% to 97.2%). We observed 11 COVID-19 clusters in recreational 'mask-off' settings compared to only 3 in workplace 'mask-on' settings (p\u202f=\u202f0.036 by Chi square test of goodness-of-fit). Community-wide mask wearing may contribute to the control of COVID-19 by reducing the amount of emission of infected saliva and respiratory droplets from individuals with subclinical or mild COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32409210, "pmcid": "PMC7200342", "title": "Coexistence of COVID-19 and acute ischemic stroke report of four cases.", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Tunc, Abdulkadir", "Unlubas, Yonca", "Alemdar, Murat", "Akyuz, Enes"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409210", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are revealed to target the human respiratory system mainly. However, they also have neuro-invasive abilities and might spread from the respiratory system to the central nervous system. Herein, we report four patients with COVID-19 simultaneously diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke. There were four stroke cases with simultaneously diagnosis of Covid-19 till the April 14, 2020 in the city of Sakarya, Turkey. They were aged between 45 and 77\u00a0years. All four cases were likely to have contracted the virus in Sakarya. The patients had all commonly reported symptoms of Covid-19. Three patients have elevated D-dimer levels, and two of them had high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. They were managed symptomatically for both the infection and the stroke. Our findings suggest that ischemic cerebrovascular diseases may simultaneously develop in the course of Covid-19 independently of the critical disease process. Increased inflammation predicted by CRP and D-dimer levels may play a role in the formation of ischemia. In particular, elder patients with prothrombotic risk factors should also be considered for the signs of cerebrovascular events in addition to infectious symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32255359, "title": "Clinical utility of cardiac troponin measurement in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Ann Clin Biochem", "authors": ["Gaze, David C"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255359", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes the disease COVID-19, a severe acute respiratory syndrome. COVID-19 is now a global pandemic and public health emergency due to rapid human-to-human transmission. The impact is far-reaching, with enforced social distancing and isolation, detrimental effects on individual physical activity and mental wellbeing, education in the young and economic impact to business. Whilst most COVID-19 patients demonstrate mild-to-moderate symptoms, those with severe disease progression are at a higher risk of mortality. As more is learnt about this novel disease, it is becoming evident that comorbid cardiovascular disease is associated with a greater severity and increased mortality. Many patients positive for COVID-19 demonstrate increased concentrations of cardiac troponin, creating confusion in clinical interpretation. While myocardial infarction is associated with acute infectious respiratory disease, the majority of COVID-19 patients demonstrate stable cTn rather than the dynamically changing values indicative of an acute coronary syndrome. Although full understanding of the mechanism of cTn release in COVID-19 is currently lacking, this mini-review assesses the limited published literature with a view to offering insight to pathophysiological mechanisms and reported treatment regimens."}, {"pmid": 32446539, "pmcid": "PMC7214295", "title": "Vascular Life During the COVID-19 Pandemic Reminds Us to Prepare for the Unexpected.", "journal": "Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg", "authors": ["Reyes Valdivia, Andres", "Gandarias Zuniga, Claudio", "Riambau, Vicente"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446539", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340093, "title": "[Investigation on a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 in a supermarket in Liaocheng, Shandong province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, J Z", "Zhou, P", "Han, D B", "Wang, W C", "Cui, C", "Zhou, R", "Xu, K X", "Liu, L", "Wang, X H", "Bai, X H", "Jiang, X K"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340093", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To explore clustered epidemic of COVID-19 in Liaocheng city and analyze infection status and chain of transmission of the cases. Methods: A joint investigation team of emergency response for COVID-19 epidemic by CDC professional workers of Liaocheng city and district at two levels on January 30, 2020. According to a indicator case from ZH supermarkets, close contacts and related subjects were tracked and screened on February 1, including ZH supermarket employees, family members having contact history with related cases during January 13-26, supermarket clients during January 16-30 and family members of related cases. an epidemiological investigation was carried on and their swab of nose /throat were collected and were sent to Liaocheng CDC laboratory, real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect nucleic acids of SARS-CoV-2. Results: a total of 8 437 people were screened during January 30 to February 9, 2020 (120 employees of supermarket, 93 family members, and 8224 clients of supermarket). The epidemic was caused by ZH cases and brought clustered cases in four families. A total 25 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the total infection rate of subjects was 0.30% (25/8 437) with 22 confirmed cases (0.26%, 22/8 437) and 3 asymptomatic patients (0.04%, 3/8 437), asymptomatic patients accounted for 12.00% (3/25) of all infection cases. The infection rates of supermarket employees, family members of confirmed cases and supermarket clients were 9.17% (11/120), 12.90% (12/93) and 0.02% (2/8 224). Conclusions: This was a cluster epidemic caused by one imported case of COVID-19 in a supermarket of Liaocheng city. Prevention and control of cluster epidemic should be focused on chain of community transmission and family cluster cases. It must also be an attention for transmission risk of asymptomatic patients."}, {"pmid": 32504925, "pmcid": "PMC7261103", "title": "What would Sergio Ferreira say to your physician in this war against COVID-19: How about kallikrein/kinin system?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Nicolau, Lucas A D", "Magalhaes, Pedro J C", "Vale, Mariana L"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504925", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with fast spreading all over the world caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus which can culminate in a severe acute respiratory syndrome by the injury caused in the lungs. However, other organs can be also damaged. SARS-CoV-2 enter into the host cells using the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as receptor, like its ancestor SARS-CoV. ACE2 is then downregulated in lung tissues with augmented serum levels of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Interestingly, ACE2+ organs reveal the symptomatic repercussions, which are signals of the infection such as dry cough, shortness of breath, heart failure, liver and kidney damage, anosmia or hyposmia, and diarrhea. ACE2 exerts a chief role in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by converting angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7) that activates Mas receptor, inhibits ACE1, and modulates bradykinin (BK) receptor sensitivity, especially the BK type 2 receptor (BKB2R). ACE2 also hydrolizes des-Arg9-bradykinin (DABK), an active BK metabolite, agonist at BK type 1 receptors (BKB1R), which is upregulated by inflammation. In this opinion article, we conjecture a dialogue by the figure of S\u00e9rgio Ferreira which brought together basic science of classical pharmacology and clinical repercussions in COVID-19, then we propose that in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection: i) downregulation of ACE2 impairs the angiotensin II and DABK inactivation; ii) BK and its metabolite DABK seems to be in elevated levels in tissues by interferences in kallikrein/kinin system; iii) BK1 receptor contributes to the outbreak and maintenance of the inflammatory response; iv) kallikrein/kinin system crosstalks to RAS and coagulation system, linking inflammation to thrombosis and organ injury. We hypothesize that targeting the kallikrein/kinin system and BKB1R pathway may be beneficial in SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially on early stages. This route of inference should be experimentally verified by SARS-CoV-2 infected mice."}, {"pmid": 32259899, "title": "Urgent need for individual mobile phone and institutional reporting of at home, hospitalized, and intensive care unit cases of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection.", "journal": "Rev Cardiovasc Med", "authors": ["McCullough, Peter A", "Eidt, John", "Rangaswami, Janani", "Lerma, Edgar", "Tumlin, James", "Wheelan, Kevin", "Katz, Nevin", "Lepor, Norman E", "Vijay, Kris", "Soman, Sandeep", "Singh, Bhupinder", "McCullough, Sean P", "McCullough, Haley B", "Palazzuoli, Alberto", "Ruocco, Gaetano M", "Ronco, Claudio"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259899", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Approximately 90 days of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spreading originally from Wuhan, China, and across the globe has led to a widespread chain of events with imminent threats to the fragile relationship between community health and economic health. Despite near hourly reporting on this crisis, there has been no regular, updated, or accurate reporting of hospitalizations for COVID-19. It is known that many test-positive individuals may not develop symptoms or have a mild self-limited viral syndrome consisting of fever, malaise, dry cough, and constitutional symptoms. However some individuals develop a more fulminant syndrome including viral pneumonia, respiratory failure requiring oxygen, acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation, and in substantial fractions leading to death attributable to COVID-19. The pandemic is evolving in a clustered, non-inform fashion resulting in many hospitals with preparedness but few or no cases, and others that are completely overwhelmed. Thus, a considerable risk of spread when personal protection equipment becomes exhausted and a large fraction of mortality in those not offered mechanical ventilation are both attributable to a crisis due to maldistribution of resources. The pandemic is amenable to self-reporting through a mobile phone application that could obtain critical information on suspected cases and report on the results of self testing and actions taken. The only method to understand the clustering and the immediate hospital resource needs is mandatory, uniform, daily reporting of hospital censuses of COVID-19 cases admitted to hospital wards and intensive care units. Current reports of hospitalizations are delayed, uncertain, and wholly inadequate. This paper urges all the relevant stakeholders to take up self-reporting and reporting of hospitalizations of COVID-19 as an urgent task in combating this devastating pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32403201, "pmcid": "PMC7273012", "title": "Increased severity of COVID-19 in people with obesity: are we overlooking plausible biological mechanisms?", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Tibirica, Eduardo", "De Lorenzo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403201", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The relationship between obesity and more severe disease in patients with COVID-19 is intriguing. Recent articles published in Obesity (1-3) discuss the possible effects of increased proinflammatory cytokines and disturbances of lung function in people with obesity, but we believe that they overlook an important player in this scenario, which is endothelial dysfunction."}, {"pmid": 32350584, "pmcid": "PMC7190279", "title": "Epidemiologic characteristics of traumatic fractures in elderly patients during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in China.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Zhu, Yanbin", "Chen, Wei", "Xin, Xing", "Yin, Yingchao", "Hu, Jinglve", "Lv, Hongzhi", "Li, Weixu", "Deng, Xiangtian", "Zhu, Chao", "Zhu, Jian", "Zhang, Jinli", "Ye, Fagang", "Chen, Aimin", "Wu, Zhanyong", "Ma, Zhanbei", "Zhang, Xinhu", "Gao, Fengmei", "Li, Jidong", "Wang, Conglin", "Zhang, Yingze", "Hou, Zhiyong"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350584", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of fracture in the elderly during the COVID-19. This was a retrospective multi-centre study, which included patients who sustained fractures between 20 January and 19 February 2020. The collected data included patients' demographics (age and gender), injury-related (injury type, fracture location, injury mechanism, places where fracture occurred), and treatment modality. SPSS 23.0 was used to describe the data and perform some analysis. A total of 436 patients with 453 fractures were included; there were 153 males and 283 females, with an average age of 76.2\u00a0years (standard deviation, SD, 7.7\u00a0years; 65 to 105). For either males or females, 70-74\u00a0years was the most commonly involved age group. A total of 317 (72.7%) patients had their fractures occurring at home. Among 453 fractures, there were 264 (58.3%) hip fractures, accounting for 58.3%. Fall from standing height was the most common cause of fracture, making a proportion of 89.4% (405/453). Most fractures (95.8%, 434/453) were treated surgically, and 4.2% (19/453) were treated by plaster fixation or traction. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) was the most used surgical method, taking a proportion of 49.2% (223/453). These findings highlighted the importance of primary prevention (home prevention) measures and could be used for references for individuals, health care providers, or health administrative department during the global pandemic of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32522762, "title": "Treating asthma in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Thorax", "authors": ["Wang, Ran", "Bikov, Andras", "Fowler, Stephen J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522762", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434385, "title": "Cardiac Arrhythmias in COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Kochav, Stephanie M", "Coromilas, Ellie", "Nalbandian, Ani", "Ranard, Lauren S", "Gupta, Aakriti", "Chung, Mina K", "Gopinathannair, Rakesh", "Biviano, Angelo B", "Garan, Hasan", "Wan, Elaine Y"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434385", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473948, "pmcid": "PMC7255717", "title": "Key highlights from the Canadian Thoracic Society's Position Statement on the Optimization of Asthma Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Licskai, Christopher", "Yang, Connie L", "Ducharme, Francine M", "Radhakrishnan, Dhenuka", "Podgers, Delanya", "Ramsey, Clare", "Samanta, Tania", "Cote, Andreanne", "Mahdavian, Masoud", "Lougheed, M Diane"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473948", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298525, "pmcid": "PMC7231513", "title": "A Policy to Do Better Next Time: Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "ACR Open Rheumatol", "authors": ["Yelin, Edward", "Katz, Patti", "Banks, Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298525", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512589, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 Coagulopathy: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Thrombotic Microangiopathy-Either, Neither, or Both.", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Levi, Marcel", "Thachil, Jecko"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512589", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437017, "title": "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of discharged patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 on the Qinghai plateau.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Xi, Aiqi", "Zhuo, Ma", "Dai, Jingtao", "Ding, Yuehe", "Ma, Xiuzhen", "Ma, Xiaoli", "Wang, Xiaoyi", "Shi, Lianmeng", "Bai, Huanying", "Zheng, Hongying", "Nuermberger, Eric", "Xu, Jian"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437017", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, a series of confirmed cases of COVID-19 were found on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. We aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of all confirmed cases in Qinghai, a province at high altitude. The region had no sustained local transmission. Of all 18 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15 patients comprising 4 transmission clusters were identified. Three patients were infected by direct contact without travel history to Wuhan. Of 18 patients, 10 patients showed bilateral pneumonia and 2 patients showed no abnormalities. Three patients with comorbidities such as hypertension, liver diseases or diabetes developed severe illness. High C-reactive protein levels and elevations of both ALT and AST were observed in 3 severely ill patients on admission. All 18 patients were eventually discharged, including the 3 severe patients who recovered after treatment with non-invasive mechanical ventilation, convalescent plasma and other therapies. Our findings confirmed human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in clusters. Patients with comorbidities are more likely to develop severe illness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32471815, "title": "Epinephrine use in COVID-19: friend or foe?", "journal": "Eur J Hosp Pharm", "authors": ["Luo, Pan", "Liu, Dong", "Li, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471815", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473127, "pmcid": "PMC7237901", "title": "Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Grifoni, Alba", "Weiskopf, Daniela", "Ramirez, Sydney I", "Mateus, Jose", "Dan, Jennifer M", "Moderbacher, Carolyn Rydyznski", "Rawlings, Stephen A", "Sutherland, Aaron", "Premkumar, Lakshmanane", "Jadi, Ramesh S", "Marrama, Daniel", "de Silva, Aravinda M", "Frazier, April", "Carlin, Aaron F", "Greenbaum, Jason A", "Peters, Bjoern", "Krammer, Florian", "Smith, Davey M", "Crotty, Shane", "Sette, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473127", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Understanding adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is important for vaccine development, interpreting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis, and calibration of pandemic control measures. Using HLA class I and II predicted peptide \"megapools,\" circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T\u00a0cells were identified in \u223c70% and 100% of COVID-19 convalescent patients, respectively. CD4+ T\u00a0cell responses to spike, the main target of most vaccine efforts, were robust and correlated with the magnitude of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA titers. The M, spike, and N proteins each accounted for 11%-27% of the total CD4+ response, with additional responses commonly targeting nsp3, nsp4, ORF3a, and ORF8, among others. For CD8+ T\u00a0cells, spike and M were recognized, with at least eight SARS-CoV-2 ORFs targeted. Importantly, we detected SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T\u00a0cells in \u223c40%-60% of unexposed individuals, suggesting cross-reactive T\u00a0cell recognition between circulating \"common cold\" coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32198988, "title": "Safety protection of forensic examination during the epidemic of COVID-19.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Qiu, H", "Wang, H J", "Chen, Q L", "Yue, X"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198988", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220276, "title": "[Clinical and coagulation characteristics of 7 patients with critical COVID-2019 pneumonia and acro-ischemia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Y", "Cao, W", "Xiao, M", "Li, Y J", "Yang, Y", "Zhao, J", "Zhou, X", "Jiang, W", "Zhao, Y Q", "Zhang, S Y", "Li, T S"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220276", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the clinical and coagulation characteristics of the critical Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with acro-ischemia in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: The retrospective study included 7 critical COVID-19 patients with acro-ischemia in a single center in Wuhan, from Feb 4 to Feb 15, 2020. The clinical and laboratory data before and during the ICU stay were analyzed. Results: The median age of 7 patients was 59 years and 4 of them were men. 3 of them were associated with underlying comorbidities. Fever, cough, dyspnea and diarrhea were common clinical symptoms. All patients had acro-ischemia presentations including finger/toe cyanosis, skin bulla and dry gangrene. D-dimer, fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) were significantly elevated in most patients. Prothrombin time (PT) were prolonged in 4 patients. D-dimer and FDP levels increased progressively when COVID-2019 exacerbated, and 4 patients were diagnosed with definite disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). 6 patients received low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) treatment, after which their D-dimer and FDP decreased, but there was no significant improvement in clinical symptoms. 5 patients died finally and the median time from acro-ischemia to death was 12 days. Conclusions: The existence of hypercoagulation status in critical COVID-2019 patients should be monitored closely, and anticoagulation therapy can be considered in selected patients. More clinical data is needed to investigate the role of anticoagulation in COVID-2019 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32301745, "title": "Comparison of throat swabs and sputum specimens for viral nucleic acid detection in 52 cases of novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2)-infected pneumonia (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Lin, Chenyao", "Xiang, Jie", "Yan, Mingzhe", "Li, Hongze", "Huang, Shuang", "Shen, Changxin"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301745", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, China. Laboratory-based diagnostic tests utilized real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on throat samples. This study evaluated the diagnostic value to analyzing throat and sputum samples in order to improve accuracy and detection efficiency. Methods Paired specimens of throat swabs and sputum were obtained from 54 cases, and RNA was extracted and tested for 2019-nCoV (equated with SARS-CoV-2) by the RT-PCR assay. Results The positive rates of 2019-nCoV from sputum specimens and throat swabs were 76.9% and 44.2%, respectively. Sputum specimens showed a significantly higher positive rate than throat swabs in detecting viral nucleic acid using the RT-PCR assay (p\u2009=\u20090.001). Conclusions The detection rates of 2019-nCoV from sputum specimens were significantly higher than those from throat swabs. We suggest that sputum would benefit for the detection of 2019-nCoV in patients who produce sputum. The results can facilitate the selection of specimens and increase the accuracy of diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32314700, "pmcid": "PMC7253143", "title": "Reflections on Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Six Lessons from Working in Resource-Denied Settings.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Ratner, Leah", "Martin-Blais, Rachel", "Warrell, Clare", "Narla, Nirmala P"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic highlights the experience of communities in the global South that have grappled with vulnerability and scarcity for decades. In the global North, many frontline workers are now being similarly forced to provide and ration care in unprecedented ways, with minimal guidance. We outline six reflections gained as Western practitioners working in resource-denied settings which inform our current experience with COVID-19. The reflections include the following: managing trauma, remaining flexible in dynamic situations, and embracing discomfort to think bigger about context-specific solutions to collectively build back our systems. Through this contextualized reflection on resilience, we hope to motivate strength and solidarity for providers, patients, and health systems, while proposing critical questions for our response moving forward."}, {"pmid": 32340588, "title": "Best Practice Recommendations for Pediatric Otolaryngology during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Bann, Darrin V", "Patel, Vijay A", "Saadi, Robert", "Goyal, Neerav", "Gniady, John P", "McGinn, Johnathan D", "Goldenberg, David", "Isildak, Huseyin", "May, Jason", "Wilson, Meghan N"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340588", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To review the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on pediatric otolaryngology and provide recommendations for the management of children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical data were derived from peer-reviewed primary literature and published guidelines from national or international medical organizations. Preprint manuscripts and popular media articles provided background information and illustrative examples. Included manuscripts were identified via searches using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, while organizational guidelines and popular media articles were identified using Google search queries. Practice guidelines were developed via consensus among all authors based on peer-reviewed manuscripts and national or international health care association guidelines. Strict objective criteria for inclusion were not used due to the rapidly changing environment surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic and a paucity of rigorous empirical evidence. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical care must be judiciously allocated to treat the most severe conditions while minimizing the risk of long-term sequelae and ensuring patient, physician, and health care worker safety. The COVID-19 pandemic will have a profound short- and long-term impact on health care worldwide. Although the full repercussions of this disease have yet to be realized, the outlined recommendations will guide otolaryngologists in the treatment of pediatric patients in the face of an unprecedented global health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32392333, "pmcid": "PMC7239255", "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Zimbabwe: Quo vadis?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Katsidzira, Leolin", "Gwaunza, Lenon", "Hakim, James G"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392333", "countries": ["Zimbabwe"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The trajectory, and impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa is unclear, but it is seemingly varied between different countries, with most reporting low numbers. We use the situation in Zimbabwe to build an argument that the epidemic is likely to be attenuated in some countries with similar socio-economic and cultural structures. However, even an attenuated epidemic may overwhelm weak health systems, emphasising the importance of prevention. These prevention strategies should be tailored to the unique social and cultural networks of individual countries which may facilitate the spread of SARS-CoV 2. It is also equally important to maintain services for the major infectious diseases in the region such as tuberculosis and malaria. A breakdown of treatment and prevention services for these conditions may even overshadow the projected morbidity and mortality from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32288414, "pmcid": "PMC7137855", "title": "Demand Analysis and Management Suggestion: Sharing Epidemiological Data Among Medical Institutions in Megacities for Epidemic Prevention and Control.", "journal": "J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci", "authors": ["Cai, Qinyi", "Mi, Yiqun", "Chu, Zhaowu", "Zheng, Yuanyi", "Chen, Fang", "Liu, Yicheng"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288414", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), epidemiological data is essential for controlling the source of infection, cutting off the route of transmission, and protecting vulnerable populations. Following Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and other related regulations, medical institutions have been authorized to collect the detailed information of patients, while it is still a formidable task in megacities because of the significant patient mobility and the existing information sharing barrier. As a smart city which strengthens precise epidemic prevention and control, Shanghai has established a multi-department platform named \"one-net management\" on dynamic information monitoring. By sharing epidemiological data with medical institutions under a safe environment, we believe that the ability to prevent and control epidemics among medical institutions will be effectively and comprehensively improved."}, {"pmid": 32339473, "pmcid": "PMC7182525", "title": "Probiotics and COVID-19: one size does not fit all.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Mak, Joyce W Y", "Chan, Francis K L", "Ng, Siew C"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339473", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331291, "pmcid": "PMC7219337", "title": "Human Interaction Smart Subsystem-Extending Speech-Based Human-Robot Interaction Systems with an Implementation of External Smart Sensors.", "journal": "Sensors (Basel)", "authors": ["Podpora, Michal", "Gardecki, Arkadiusz", "Beniak, Ryszard", "Klin, Bartlomiej", "Vicario, Jose Lopez", "Kawala-Sterniuk, Aleksandra"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331291", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper presents a more detailed concept of Human-Robot Interaction systems architecture. One of the main differences between the proposed architecture and other ones is the methodology of information acquisition regarding the robot's interlocutor. In order to obtain as much information as possible before the actual interaction took place, a custom Internet-of-Things-based sensor subsystems connected to Smart Infrastructure was designed and implemented, in order to support the interlocutor identification and acquisition of initial interaction parameters. The Artificial Intelligence interaction framework of the developed robotic system (including humanoid Pepper with its sensors and actuators, additional local, remote and cloud computing services) is being extended with the use of custom external subsystems for additional knowledge acquisition: device-based human identification, visual identification and audio-based interlocutor localization subsystems. These subsystems were deeply introduced and evaluated in this paper, presenting the benefits of integrating them into the robotic interaction system. In this paper a more detailed analysis of one of the external subsystems-Bluetooth Human Identification Smart Subsystem-was also included. The idea, use case, and a prototype, integration of elements of Smart Infrastructure systems and the prototype implementation were performed in a small front office of the Weegree company as a decent test-bed application area."}, {"pmid": 32303504, "title": "PPE guidance for covid-19: be honest about resource shortages.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Sullivan, Eoin D"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303504", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443442, "title": "Intensive Care Risk Estimation in COVID-19 Pneumonia Based on Clinical and Imaging Parameters: Experiences from the Munich Cohort.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Burian, Egon", "Jungmann, Friederike", "Kaissis, Georgios A", "Lohofer, Fabian K", "Spinner, Christoph D", "Lahmer, Tobias", "Treiber, Matthias", "Dommasch, Michael", "Schneider, Gerhard", "Geisler, Fabian", "Huber, Wolfgang", "Protzer, Ulrike", "Schmid, Roland M", "Schwaiger, Markus", "Makowski, Marcus R", "Braren, Rickmer F"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443442", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The evolving dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the increasing infection numbers require diagnostic tools to identify patients at high risk for a severe disease course. Here we evaluate clinical and imaging parameters for estimating the need of intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. We collected clinical, laboratory and imaging data from 65 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Two radiologists evaluated the severity of findings in computed tomography (CT) images on a scale from 1 (no characteristic signs of COVID-19) to 5 (confluent ground glass opacities in over 50% of the lung parenchyma). The volume of affected lung was quantified using commercially available software. Machine learning modelling was performed to estimate the risk for ICU treatment. Patients with a severe course of COVID-19 had significantly increased interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and leukocyte counts and significantly decreased lymphocyte counts. The radiological severity grading was significantly increased in ICU patients. Multivariate random forest modelling showed a mean \u00b1 standard deviation sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 0.72 \u00b1 0.1, 0.86 \u00b1 0.16 and 0.80 \u00b1 0.1 and a receiver operating characteristic-area under curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.79 \u00b1 0.1. The need for ICU treatment is independently associated with affected lung volume, radiological severity score, CRP, and IL-6."}, {"pmid": 32415882, "title": "Managing care for patients with sinonasal and anterior skull base cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Turri-Zanoni, Mario", "Battaglia, Paolo", "Karligkiotis, Apostolos", "Locatelli, Davide", "Castelnuovo, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has rapidly transformed health care delivery around the globe. Because of the heavy impact of COVID-19 spread, cancer treatments have necessarily been de-prioritized, thus exposing patients to increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to delayed care. In this scenario, cancer specialists need to assess critical oncology patients case by case to carefully balance risk vs benefit in treating tumors and preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we report early insights into how the management of patients with sinonasal and anterior skull base cancer might be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We provide recommendations for preoperative tests, indications for immediate care vs possible delayed treatment, and warnings relating to dural resection and intracranial dissection, given the potential neurotropism of SARS-CoV2 and practical suggestions for managing cancer care in a period of limited resources. We also postulate some thoughts on the promising role of telemedicine in multidisciplinary case discussions and posttreatment surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32528622, "pmcid": "PMC7266478", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: do we need systematic screening of patients with cardiovascular risk factors in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) for preventing death?", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Temgoua, Mazou Ngou", "Kuate, Liliane Mfeukeu", "Ngatchou, William", "Sibetcheu, Aurelie", "Toupendi, Zouliatou Nzina", "Belobo, Grace", "Ossa, Alice", "Kingue, Samuel"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528622", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is an emergent cardiovascular risk factor and a major cause of mortality worldwide. Thromboembolism is highly suspected as a leading cause of death in these patients through vascular inflammation caused by SARS COV2. Until now there is no real treatment of COVID-19 and many proposed drugs are under clinical trials. Considering the high incidence of thromboembolic events in critically ill patients with COVID-19, prevention of this disorder should be essential in order to reduce mortality in these patients."}, {"pmid": 32405087, "pmcid": "PMC7218667", "title": "Continue ACE inhibitors/ ARB'S till further evidence in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Indian Heart J", "authors": ["Bansal, Sandeep", "Agstam, Sourabh", "Gupta, Anunay", "Gupta, Preeti", "Isser, H S"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405087", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445421, "title": "Conversion of Positive Pressure Cardiac Catheterization and Electrophysiology Laboratories to a Novel 2-Zone Negative Pressure System during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Truesdell, Monica", "Guttman, Paul", "Clarke, Barbara", "Wagner, Sherryl", "Bloom, Jim", "DuShane, Jeff", "Richardson, Linda", "VanderElzen, Kristen", "Chetcuti, Stanley", "Oral, Hakan"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445421", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During COVID-19 pandemic, there continues to be a need to utilize cardiac catheterization and electrophysiology laboratories for emergent and urgent procedures. Per infection prevention guidelines, and hospital codes, catheterization and electrophysiology laboratories are usually built as positive pressure ventilation rooms to minimize the infection risk. However, patients with highly transmissible airborne diseases such as COVID-19 are best cared in negative ventilation rooms to minimize the risk of transmission. From mechanical and engineering perspective, positive pressure ventilation rooms cannot be readily converted to negative pressure ventilation rooms. In this report, we describe a novel, quick, readily implantable and resource friendly approach on how to secure air quality in catheterization and electrophysiology laboratories by converting a positive pressure ventilation room to a 2-zone negative ventilation system to minimize the risk of transmission. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32308218, "pmcid": "PMC7144709", "title": "MSMA Urges Congress Independent Physician Financial Stability in Economic COVID-19 Relief Legislation.", "journal": "Mo Med", "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308218", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470153, "title": "Characteristics of inflammatory factors and lymphocyte subsets in patients with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ni, Ming", "Tian, Fang-Bing", "Xiang, Dan-Dan", "Yu, Bing"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470153", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the inflammatory factors and lymphocyte subsets which play an important role in the course of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 27 patients with severe COVID-19 who were admitted to Tongji Hospital in Wuhan from 1 to 21 February 2020 were recruited to the study. The characteristics of interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), IL-2 receptor (IL-2R), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF)-\u03b1, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin and procalcitonin (PCT), and lymphocyte subsets of these patients were retrospectively compared before and after treatment. Before treatment, there was no significant difference in most inflammatory factors (IL-1\u03b2, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CRP, and serum ferritin) between male and female patients. Levels of IL-2R, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and CRP decreased significantly after treatment, followed by IL-8, IL-10, and PCT. Serum ferritin was increased in all patients before treatment but did not decrease significantly after treatment. IL-1\u03b2 was normal in most patients before treatment. Lymphopenia was common among these patients with severe COVID-19. Analysis of lymphocyte subsets showed that CD4+ and particularly CD8+ T lymphocytes increased significantly after treatment. However, B lymphocytes and natural killer cells showed no significant changes after treatment. A pro-inflammatory response and decreased level of T lymphocytes were associated with severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32471251, "title": "Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Iddir, Mohammed", "Brito, Alex", "Dingeo, Giulia", "Fernandez Del Campo, Sofia Sosa", "Samouda, Hanen", "La Frano, Michael R", "Bohn, Torsten"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Challenges arise concerning how to optimally support the immune system in the general population, especially under self-confinement. An optimal immune response depends on an adequate diet and nutrition in order to keep infection at bay. For example, sufficient protein intake is crucial for optimal antibody production. Low micronutrient status, such as of vitamin A or zinc, has been associated with increased infection risk. Frequently, poor nutrient status is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which in turn can impact the immune system. Dietary constituents with especially high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity include vitamin C, vitamin E, and phytochemicals such as carotenoids and polyphenols. Several of these can interact with transcription factors such as NF-kB and Nrf-2, related to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, respectively. Vitamin D in particular may perturb viral cellular infection via interacting with cell entry receptors (angiotensin converting enzyme 2), ACE2. Dietary fiber, fermented by the gut microbiota into short-chain fatty acids, has also been shown to produce anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we highlight the importance of an optimal status of relevant nutrients to effectively reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby strengthening the immune system during the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32423917, "title": "COVID-19 as an Acute Inflammatory Disease.", "journal": "J Immunol", "authors": ["Manjili, Rose H", "Zarei, Melika", "Habibi, Mehran", "Manjili, Masoud H"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423917", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created an unprecedented global crisis for the infrastructure sectors, including economic, political, healthcare, education, and research systems. Although over 90% of infected individuals are asymptomatic or manifest noncritical symptoms and will recover from the infection, those individuals presenting with critical symptoms are in urgent need of effective treatment options. Emerging data related to mechanism of severity and potential therapies for patients presenting with severe symptoms are scattered and therefore require a comprehensive analysis to focus research on developing effective therapeutics. A critical literature review suggests that the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with dysregulation of inflammatory immune responses, which in turn inhibits the development of protective immunity to the infection. Therefore, the use of therapeutics that modulate inflammation without compromising the adaptive immune response could be the most effective therapeutic strategy."}, {"pmid": 32530505, "title": "Environmental and Decontamination Issues for Human Coronaviruses and Their Potential Surrogates.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cimolai, Nevio"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530505", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pandemic COVID-19 gives ample reason to generally review coronavirus (CoV) containment. For establishing some preliminary views on decontamination and disinfection, surrogate CoVs have commonly been assessed. This review serves to examine the existing science in regards to CoV containment generically and then to translate these findings into timely applications for COVID-19. There is widespread dissemination of CoVs in the immediate patient environment, and CoVs can potentially be spread via respiratory secretions, urine, and stool. Interpretations of the spread however must consider whether studies examine for viral RNA, virus viability by culture, or both. Pre-symptomatic, asymptomatic, and post-fourteen day virus excretion from patients may complicate the epidemiology. Whereas droplet spread is accepted, there continues to be controversy over the extent of possible airborne spread and especially now for SARS-CoV-2. CoVs are stable in body secretions and sewage at reduced temperatures. In addition to temperature, dryness or relative humidity, initial viral burden, concomitant presence of bioburden, and the type of surface can all affect stability. Generalizing, CoVs can be susceptible to radiation, temperature extremes, pH extremes, peroxides, halogens, aldehydes, many solvents, and several alcohols. Whereas detergent surfactants can have some direct activity, these agents are better used as complements to a complex disinfectant solution. Disinfectants with multiple agents and adverse pH are more likely to be best active at higher water temperatures. Real-life assessments should be encouraged with working dilutions. The use of decontamination and disinfection should be balanced with considerations of patient and caregiver safety. Processes should also be balanced with considerations for other potential pathogens that must be targeted. Given some CoV differences and given that surrogate testing provides experimental correlates at best, direct assessments with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 are required. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32448674, "pmcid": "PMC7211755", "title": "Ischaemic stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A causal or incidental association?", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Barrios-Lopez, J M", "Rego-Garcia, I", "Munoz Martinez, C", "Romero-Fabrega, J C", "Rivero Rodriguez, M", "Ruiz Gimenez, J A", "Escamilla-Sevilla, F", "Minguez-Castellanos, A", "Fernandez Perez, M D"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448674", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ischaemic stroke has been reported in patients with COVID-19, particularly in more severe cases. However, it is unclear to what extent this is linked to systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability secondary to the infection. We describe the cases of 4 patients with ischaemic stroke and COVID-19 who were attended at our hospital. Patients are classified according to the likelihood of a causal relationship between the hypercoagulable state and ischaemic stroke. We also conducted a review of studies addressing the possible mechanisms involved in the aetiopathogenesis of ischaemic stroke in these patients. The association between COVID-19 and stroke was probably causal in 2 patients, who presented cortical infarcts and had no relevant arterial or cardioembolic disease, but did show signs of hypercoagulability and systemic inflammation in laboratory analyses. The other 2 patients were of advanced age and presented cardioembolic ischaemic stroke; the association in these patients was probably incidental. Systemic inflammation and the potential direct action of the virus may cause endothelial dysfunction, resulting in a hypercoagulable state that could be considered a potential cause of ischaemic stroke. However, stroke involves multiple pathophysiological mechanisms; studies with larger samples are therefore needed to confirm our hypothesis. The management protocol for patients with stroke and COVID-19 should include a complete aetiological study, with the appropriate safety precautions always being observed."}, {"pmid": 32472653, "title": "Cell-based therapy to reduce mortality from COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies on acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "Stem Cells Transl Med", "authors": ["Qu, Wenchun", "Wang, Zhen", "Hare, Joshua M", "Bu, Guojun", "Mallea, Jorge M", "Pascual, Jorge M", "Caplan, Arnold I", "Kurtzberg, Joanne", "Zubair, Abba C", "Kubrova, Eva", "Engelberg-Cook, Erica", "Nayfeh, Tarek", "Shah, Vishal P", "Hill, James C", "Wolf, Michael E", "Prokop, Larry J", "Murad, M Hassan", "Sanfilippo, Fred P"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472653", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe cases of COVID-19 infection, often leading to death, have been associated with variants of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Cell therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a potential treatment for COVID-19 ARDS based on preclinical and clinical studies supporting the concept that MSCs modulate the inflammatory and remodeling processes and restore alveolo-capillary barriers. The authors performed a systematic literature review and random-effects meta-analysis to determine the potential value of MSC therapy for treating COVID-19-infected patients with ARDS. Publications in all languages from 1990 to March 31, 2020 were reviewed, yielding 2691 studies, of which nine were included. MSCs were intravenously or intratracheally administered in 117 participants, who were followed for 14\u2009days to 5\u2009years. All MSCs were allogeneic from bone marrow, umbilical cord, menstrual blood, adipose tissue, or unreported sources. Combined mortality showed a favorable trend but did not reach statistical significance. No related serious adverse events were reported and mild adverse events resolved spontaneously. A trend was found of improved radiographic findings, pulmonary function (lung compliance, tidal volumes, PaO2 /FiO2 ratio, alveolo-capillary injury), and inflammatory biomarker levels. No comparisons were made between MSCs of different sources."}, {"pmid": 32392400, "title": "Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on female sexual behavior.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Yuksel, Bahar", "Ozgor, Faruk"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392400", "countries": ["Turkey"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on female sexual behavior in women in Turkey. An observational study using data from a previous study conducted prior to the pandemic. We compared frequency of sexual intercourse, desire for pregnancy, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score, contraception type, and menstrual abnormalities among women during the pandemic with 6-12\u00a0months prior to the pandemic. Participants were contacted by telephone for questioning. Average frequency of sexual intercourse was significantly increased during the pandemic compared with 6-12\u00a0months prior (2.4 vs 1.9, P=0.001). Before the pandemic 19 (32.7%) participants desired to become pregnant, whereas during the pandemic it had decreased to 3 (5.1%) (P=0.001). Conversely, use of contraception during the pandemic significantly decreased among participants compared with prior (24 vs 10, P=0.004). Menstrual disorders were more common during the pandemic than before (27.6% vs 12.1%, P=0.008). Participants had significantly better FSFI scores before the pandemic compared with scores during the pandemic (20.52 vs 17.56, P=0.001). Sexual desire and frequency of intercourse significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas quality of sexual life significantly decreased. The pandemic is associated with decreased desire for pregnancy, decreased female contraception, and increased menstrual disorders."}, {"pmid": 32327745, "title": "Without food, there can be no exit from the pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Torero, Maximo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327745", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518460, "pmcid": "PMC7271083", "title": "A cause for concern.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Hamzelou, Jessica"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518460", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The UK government has released the scientific advice it has received on covid-19, and independent experts aren't impressed, reports Jessica Hamzelou."}, {"pmid": 32429991, "pmcid": "PMC7235434", "title": "The Italian paediatric society raccomandations on children and adolescents extra-domestic activities during the SARS COV-2 emergency phase 2.", "journal": "Ital J Pediatr", "authors": ["Villani, Alberto", "Bozzola, Elena", "Siani, Paolo", "Corsello, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429991", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to novel coronavirus infection emergency, restricting measures have been imposed in Italy. As well as adults, also children are limited in their daily routine. As the lockdown period is expected to end on 3rd May 2020, we discuss the opportunity for children to practice safely recreational or physical activity outdoor. The Italian Paediatric Society recommends specific recreational and physical activities according to the age of the children and respecting social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32531754, "title": "Covid-19 in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab: May the blockade of integrins have a protective role?", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Aguirre, Clara", "Meca-Lallana, Virginia", "Barrios-Blandino, Ana", "Del Rio, Beatriz", "Vivancos, Jose"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531754", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is currently spread worldwide . Recent data supports SARS-CoV-2 may use integrins to enter human cells. Therefore, anti-integrins therapies might be an alternative against the infection . Natalizumab, approved for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) treatment, acts blocking \u03b14-integrin. We report a MS patient treated with natalizumab who develops COVID-19, with excellent recovery and repeated negative results in 5 consecutive microbiological studies. We postulate this may be due to the blockade of integrins induced by natalizumab."}, {"pmid": 32500850, "title": "Erroneous Communication Messages on COVID-19 in Africa.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Seytre, Bernard"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Adherence of the population to COVID-19 prevention recommendations is crucial to control the epidemic. However, a study of communication messages around COVID-19 in 15 West African countries showed a number of unfounded messages, as well as a lack of communication on critical information to understand the prevention measures being promoted. Incidents of violence that have taken place recently suggest that general mistrust and hostility could grow, similar to the events that occurred during the previous Ebola epidemics. It is therefore urgent to review and revise the COVID-19 communication messages currently used in sub-Saharan Africa."}, {"pmid": 32314329, "title": "[ACE2 and coronavirus - a question of balance and dynamics?]", "journal": "Lakartidningen", "authors": ["Lundstrom, Annika", "Sanden, Per"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314329", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new SARS-CoV-2 virus enters cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 counteracts ACE and angiotensin II in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and has critical functions in the lung and cardiovascular system. SARS-CoV was found to down-regulate ACE2, leaving angiotensin II unbalanced in affected organs.\u00a0 A similar effect of SARS-CoV-2 could partly explain risk factors and symptoms, and could potentially be treatable."}, {"pmid": 32331964, "pmcid": "PMC7167566", "title": "CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Haen, Pierre", "Caruhel, Jean-Baptiste", "Laversanne, Sophie", "Cordier, Pierre-Yves"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331964", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315883, "pmcid": "PMC7194889", "title": "Psychological preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic, perspectives from India.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Banerjee, Dr Debanjan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315883", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234127, "title": "[Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Gansu province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Gou, F X", "Zhang, X S", "Yao, J X", "Yu, D S", "Wei, K F", "Zhang, H", "Yang, X T", "Yang, J J", "Liu, H X", "Cheng, Y", "Jiang, X J", "Zheng, Y H", "Wu, B", "Liu, X F", "Li, H"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234127", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in different epidemic stages in Gansu province. Methods: Epidemiological investigation was conducted to collect the information of confirmed COVID-19 cases, including demographic, epidemiological and clinical information. Results: As of 25 February 2020, a total of 91 confirmed COVID-19 cases had been reported in Gansu. The epidemic of COVID-19 in Gansu can be divided as three different stages, i.e. imported case stage, imported-case plus indigenous case stage, and indigenous case stage. A total of 63 cases were clustered cases (69.23%), 3 cases were medical staff infected with non-occupational exposure. The initial symptoms included fever (54.95%, 50/91), cough (52.75%, 48/91), or fatigue (28.57%, 26/91), the proportion of each symptom showed a decreasing trend along with the three epidemic stages, but only the differences in proportions of fever (trend \u03c72=2.20, P<0.05) and fatigue (trend \u03c72=3.18, P<0.05) among the three epidemic stages were statistically significant. The cases with critical severe symptoms accounted for 42.85% (6/14), 23.73% (14/59) and 16.67% (3/18), respectively, in three epidemic stages, showed a decreasing trend (H=6.45, P<0.05). Also, the incubation period prolonged along with the epidemic stage (F=51.65, P<0.01), but the intervals between disease onset and hospital visit (F=5.32, P<0.01), disease onset and diagnosis (F=5.25, P<0.01) became shorter along with the epidemic stage. Additionally, the basic reproduction number (R0) had decreased from 2.61 in imported case stage to 0.66 in indigenous case stage. Conclusions: The COVID-19 epidemic in Gansu was caused by the imported cases, and about 2/3 cases were clustered ones. No medical worker was observed to be infected by occupational exposure. With the progression of COVID-19 epidemic in Gansu, the change in initial symptom and incubation period suggests, the early screening cannot only depend on body temperature monitoring."}, {"pmid": 32414666, "pmcid": "PMC7211581", "title": "A severe-type COVID-19 case with prolonged virus shedding.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Liu, Yijie", "Chen, Xu", "Zou, Xuan", "Luo, Hong"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414666", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279693, "pmcid": "PMC7156579", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy outcomes and the risk of maternal-to-neonatal intrapartum transmission of COVID-19 during natural birth.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Khan, Suliman", "Peng, Liangyu", "Siddique, Rabeea", "Nabi, Ghulam", "Nawsherwan", "Xue, Mengzhou", "Liu, Jianbo", "Han, Guang"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279693", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286539, "title": "People power: How India is attempting to slow the coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Vaidyanathan, Gayathri"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286539", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289376, "pmcid": "PMC7151263", "title": "Collaborative Multidisciplinary Incident Command at Seattle Children's Hospital for Rapid Preparatory Pediatric Surgery Countermeasures to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Parikh, Sanjay R", "Avansino, Jeffrey R", "Dick, Andre As", "Enriquez, Brianna K", "Geiduschek, Jeremy M", "Martin, Lynn D", "McDonald, Ruth A", "Yandow, Suzanne M", "Zerr, Danielle M", "Ojemann, Jeffrey G"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289376", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Washington was the first US state to have a patient test positive for COVID-19. Before this, our children's hospital proactively implemented an incident command structure that allowed for collaborative creation of safety measures, policies, and procedures for patients, families, staff, and providers. Although the treatment and protective standards are continuously evolving, this commentary shares our thoughts on how an institution, and specifically, surgical services, may develop collaborative process improvement to accommodate for rapid and ongoing change. Specific changes outlined include early establishment of incident command; personal protective equipment conservation; workforce safety; surgical and ambulatory patient triage; and optimization of trainee education. Please note that the contents of this manuscript are shared in the interest of providing collaborative information and are under continuous development as our regional situation changes. We recognize the limitations of this commentary and do not suggest that our approaches represent validated best practices."}, {"pmid": 32436629, "title": "High COVID-19 virus replication rates, the creation of antigen-antibody immune complexes and indirect haemagglutination resulting in thrombosis.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Roe, Kevin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436629", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205870, "title": "Coronavirus puts drug repurposing on the fast track.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Harrison, Charlotte"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205870", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243607, "title": "The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the feces of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Yifei", "Chen, Liangjun", "Deng, Qiaoling", "Zhang, Guqin", "Wu, Kaisong", "Ni, Lan", "Yang, Yibin", "Liu, Bing", "Wang, Wei", "Wei, Chaojie", "Yang, Jiong", "Ye, Guangming", "Cheng, Zhenshun"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243607", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan, China, and has spread globally. However, the transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 has not been fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate\u00a0SARS-CoV-2 shedding in the excreta of COVID-19 patients. Electronical medical records, including demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory and radiological findings\u00a0of enrolled patients were extracted and analyzed. Pharyngeal swab, stool, and urine specimens were collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Viral shedding at multiple time points in specimens was recorded, and its correlation analyzed with clinical manifestations and the severity of illness. A total of 42 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled, 8 (19.05%) of whom had gastrointestinal symptoms. A total of 28 (66.67%) patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool specimens, and this\u00a0was not associated with the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the severity of illness. Among them, 18 (64.29%) patients remained positive for viral RNA in the feces after the pharyngeal swabs turned negative. The duration of viral shedding from the feces after negative conversion in pharyngeal swabs was 7 (6-10) days, regardless of COVID-19 severity. The demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory and radiologic findings did not differ between patients who tested positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the feces. Viral RNA was not detectable in urine specimens from 10 patients. Our results demonstrated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the feces of COVID-19 patients\u00a0and suggested the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via the fecal-oral route."}, {"pmid": 32293449, "pmcid": "PMC7156898", "title": "Prognostic value of NT-proBNP in patients with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Respir Res", "authors": ["Gao, Lei", "Jiang, Dan", "Wen, Xue-Song", "Cheng, Xiao-Cheng", "Sun, Min", "He, Bin", "You, Lin-Na", "Lei, Peng", "Tan, Xiao-Wei", "Qin, Shu", "Cai, Guo-Qiang", "Zhang, Dong-Ying"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293449", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. The cardiac injury is a common condition among the hospitalized patients with COVID-19. However, whether N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) predicted outcome of severe COVID-19 patients was unknown. The study initially enrolled 102 patients with severe COVID-19 from a continuous sample. After screening out the ineligible cases, 54 patients were analyzed in this study. The primary outcome was in-hospital death defined as the case fatality rate. Research information and following-up data were obtained from their medical records. The best cut-off value of NT-proBNP for predicting in-hospital death was 88.64\u2009pg/mL with the sensitivity for 100% and the specificity for 66.67%. Patients with high NT-proBNP values (>\u200988.64\u2009pg/mL) had a significantly increased risk of death during the days of following-up compared with those with low values (\u226488.64\u2009pg/mL). After adjustment for potential risk factors, NT-proBNP was independently correlated with in-hospital death. NT-proBNP might be an independent risk factor for in-hospital death in patients with severe COVID-19. ClinicalTrials, NCT04292964. Registered 03 March 2020."}, {"pmid": 32292012, "title": "[Application of tracheotomy in the treatment of severe cases of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Deng, Z F", "Zhu, T", "Ding, Y J", "Zhou, C L", "Kang, Y", "Qu, J N", "Hua, Q Q", "Xu, Y"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292012", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: Todiscuss the the effects, indications and protective measures of tracheotomy for severe cases of 2019 novel corona virus disease(COVID-19)patients. Methods: A retrospectively analyze was conducted to explore the clinical data of ofCOVID-19 patients who received tracheotomy in February to March 2020,descriptive statistics were used to analyze the indication of tracheotomy, particularity of intraoperative treatment and protective measures. Results: A total of 4 cases were included in this article, 3 cases were successfully operated, 1 case of postoperative incision continuous bleeding, there were not other complications and nosocomial infection among the medical staff.the patient's condition was relieved in different degrees after the operation, who remain hospitalized. Conclusion: Tracheotomy for severe cases of COVID-19 can achieve certain curative effect, but the occurrence of tracheotomy related complicationsand nosocomial infection should be effectively controlled, and the risk benefit ratio of tracheotomy should be carefully weighed before surgery."}, {"pmid": 32221852, "pmcid": "PMC7101597", "title": "Simulation as a tool for assessing and evolving your current personal protective equipment: lessons learned during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lockhart, Shannon L", "Naidu, Justen J", "Badh, Charanjit S", "Duggan, Laura V"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247725, "pmcid": "PMC7155244", "title": "Cleveland Clinic Akron General Urology Residency Program's COVID-19 Experience.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Vargo, Ethan", "Ali, Marwan", "Henry, Fabrice", "Kmetz, Daniel", "Drevna, David", "Krishnan, Jayram", "Bologna, Raymond"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247725", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474690, "pmcid": "PMC7261048", "title": "Pediatric endoscopic procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Italian center experience.", "journal": "Pediatr Surg Int", "authors": ["Duci, Miriam", "Antoniello, Luca Maria", "Trovalusci, Emanuele", "Tognon, Costanza", "Gamba, Piergiorgio"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474690", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463289, "title": "When chaos is the norm: How some veterans with PTSD are continuing to engage in trauma-focused treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Sciarrino, Nicole A", "Myers, Ursula S", "Wangelin, Bethany C"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463289", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many Veterans Healthcare Administration providers working with veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder to question the feasibility and appropriateness of continuing to provide trauma-focused treatment during this crisis. The Veterans Healthcare Administration is in a unique position to continue to provide trauma-informed care because of its capacity to offer telemental health services. Data from a Veterans Affairs medical center's posttraumatic stress disorder clinical team suggest that not only are veterans interested in continuing with treatment but also that the treatments can be modified to accommodate the current climate. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32525468, "title": "EXPRESS: Impact of COVID-19 outbreak in ischemic stroke admissions and in-hospital mortality in North-West Spain.", "journal": "Int J Stroke", "authors": ["Tejada Meza, Herbert", "Lambea, Alvaro", "Sancho Saldana, Agustin", "Martinez-Zabaleta, Maria T", "de la Riva, Patricia", "Lopez-Cancio, Elena", "Castanon Apilanez, Maria", "Herrera, Maria", "Marta-Enguita, Juan", "De Lera, Mercedes", "Arenillas, Juan F", "Segurola Olaizola, Jon", "Timiraos Fernandez, Juan Jose", "Sanchez, Joaquin", "Macineiras Montero, Jose Luis", "Castellanos, Mar", "Roel Garcia, Alexia", "Casado Menendez, Ignacio", "Freijo, Mar", "Luna Rodriguez, Alain", "Palacio Portilla, Enrique Jesus", "Jimenez Lopez, Yesica", "Rodriguez-Castro, Emilio", "Arias Rivas, Susana", "Tejada, Javier", "Beltran Rodriguez, Iria", "Julian-Villaverde, Francisco", "Moreno Garcia, Maria Pilar", "Trejo-Gabriel-Galan, Jose M", "Echevarria Iniguez, Ana", "Tejero Juste, Carlos", "Perez Lazaro, Cristina", "Marta Moreno, Javier"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525468", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529284, "pmcid": "PMC7288620", "title": "Recurrence of immune thrombocytopenia at the time of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Merli, Michele", "Ageno, Walter", "Sessa, Fausto", "Salvini, Marco", "Caramazza, Domenica", "Mora, Barbara", "Rossi, Agostino", "Rovelli, Cristina", "Passamonti, Francesco", "Grossi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529284", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496967, "title": "Experimental Aerosol Survival of SARS-CoV-2 in Artificial Saliva and Tissue Culture Media at Medium and High Humidity.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Smither, Sophie J", "Eastaugh, Lin S", "Findlay, James S", "Lever, Mark S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496967", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32079638, "pmcid": "PMC7033275", "title": "Complete Genome Sequences of Five Human Coronavirus NL63 Strains Causing Respiratory Illness in Hospitalized Children in China.", "journal": "Microbiol Resour Announc", "authors": ["Zhang, Lu", "Gan, Mian", "Zhang, Zhaoyong", "Li, Xin", "Liu, Wenkuan", "Zhu, Airu", "Sun, Jing", "Li, Fang", "Wang, Yanqun", "Zhang, Fuchun", "Zhao, Jingxian", "Zhou, Rong", "Zhao, Jincun"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32079638", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the complete genome sequences of five human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) strains obtained using next-generation sequencing. The five HCoV-NL63 strains were obtained from hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infection detected in Guangdong, China. This study provides several complete genomes of HCoV-NL63 and improves our understanding of HCoV-NL63 evolution in China."}, {"pmid": 32427924, "title": "Artificial intelligence-enabled rapid diagnosis of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Mei, Xueyan", "Lee, Hao-Chih", "Diao, Kai-Yue", "Huang, Mingqian", "Lin, Bin", "Liu, Chenyu", "Xie, Zongyu", "Ma, Yixuan", "Robson, Philip M", "Chung, Michael", "Bernheim, Adam", "Mani, Venkatesh", "Calcagno, Claudia", "Li, Kunwei", "Li, Shaolin", "Shan, Hong", "Lv, Jian", "Zhao, Tongtong", "Xia, Junli", "Long, Qihua", "Steinberger, Sharon", "Jacobi, Adam", "Deyer, Timothy", "Luksza, Marta", "Liu, Fang", "Little, Brent P", "Fayad, Zahi A", "Yang, Yang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427924", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a SARS-CoV-2 virus-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is routinely used. However, this test can take up to 2\u2009d to complete, serial testing may be required to rule out the possibility of false negative results and there is currently a shortage of RT-PCR test kits, underscoring the urgent need for alternative methods for rapid and accurate diagnosis of patients with COVID-19. Chest computed tomography (CT) is a valuable component in the evaluation of patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nevertheless, CT alone may have limited negative predictive value for ruling out SARS-CoV-2 infection, as some patients may have normal radiological findings at early stages of the disease. In this study, we used artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to integrate chest CT findings with clinical symptoms, exposure history and laboratory testing to rapidly diagnose patients who are positive for COVID-19. Among a total of 905 patients tested by real-time RT-PCR assay and next-generation sequencing RT-PCR, 419 (46.3%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. In a test set of 279 patients, the AI system achieved an area under the curve of 0.92 and had equal sensitivity as compared to a senior thoracic radiologist. The AI system also improved the detection of patients who were positive for COVID-19 via RT-PCR who presented with normal CT scans, correctly identifying 17 of 25 (68%) patients, whereas radiologists classified all of these patients as COVID-19 negative. When CT scans and associated clinical history are available, the proposed AI system can help to rapidly diagnose COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32305442, "pmcid": "PMC7162755", "title": "Teledermatology in the era of COVID-19: Experience of an academic department of dermatology.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Perkins, Sara", "Cohen, Jeffrey M", "Nelson, Caroline A", "Bunick, Christopher G"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484907, "title": "Prevalence of Venous Thromboembolism in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Hippensteel, Joseph A", "Burnham, Ellen L", "Jolley, Sarah E"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484907", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in January 2020 (1, 2). It has become apparent that coagulopathy is a hallmark of the disease (3, 4). Additionally, thrombotic complications, including venous thromboembolism (VTE), have been reported to occur in 27-69% of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 (5-9). As a result of these reports and other anecdotal evidence, many critically ill patients are receiving empiric therapeutic anticoagulation. Yet, experts generally recommend against the use of therapeutic anticoagulation prior to the development of VTE or another clinical indication (4, 10, 11)."}, {"pmid": 32527379, "title": "Epidemiological Measures in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dtsch Arztebl Int", "authors": ["Gianicolo, Emilio", "Riccetti, Nicola", "Blettner, Maria", "Karch, Andre"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527379", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The various epidemiological indicators used to communicate the impact of COVID-19 have different strengths and limitations. We conducted a selective literature review to identify the indicators used and to derive appropriate definitions. We calculated crude and age-adjusted indicators for selected countries. The proportion of deaths (case fatality proportion [CFP]; number of deaths/ total number of cases) is commonly used to estimate the severity of a disease. If the CFP is used for purposes of comparison, the existence of heterogeneity in the detection and registration of cases and deaths has to be taken into account. In the early phase of an epidemic, when case numbers rise rapidly, the CFP suffers from bias. For these reasons, variants have been proposed: the \"confirmed CFP\" (number of deaths/total number of confirmed cases), and the \"delay-adjusted CFP,\" which considers the delay between infection with the disease and death from the disease. The indicator mortality (number of deaths/total population) has at first sight the advantage of being based on a defined denominator, the total population. During the outbreak of a disease, however, the cumulative deaths rise while the total population remains stable. The phase of the epidemic therefore has to be considered when using this indicator. In this context, R0 and R(t) are important indicators. R0 estimates the maximum rate of spread of a disease in a population, while R(t) describes the dynamics of the epidemic at a given time. Age-adjusted analysis of the CFP shows that the differences between countries decrease but do not dis - appear completely. If the test strategies depend on age or symptom severity, however, the bias cannot be entirely eliminated. Various indicators of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic at population level are used in daily communication. Considering the relevance of the pandemic and the importance of relevant communications, however, the strengths and the limitations of each parameter must be considered carefully."}, {"pmid": 32458005, "pmcid": "PMC7248457", "title": "Are disease-related pulmonary perfusion abnormalities detectable in COVID-19 patients? Suspicious findings in a lung perfusion SPECT performed for ruling out classical pulmonary embolism.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Sciagra, Roberto", "Rubino, Federica", "Malandrino, Danilo", "Bernardeschi, Nicoletta", "Pignone, Alberto Moggi", "Berni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458005", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179701, "pmcid": "PMC7164387", "title": "Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Li, Ruiyun", "Pei, Sen", "Chen, Bin", "Song, Yimeng", "Zhang, Tao", "Yang, Wan", "Shaman, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179701", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Estimation of the prevalence and contagiousness of undocumented novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] infections is critical for understanding the overall prevalence and pandemic potential of this disease. Here, we use observations of reported infection within China, in conjunction with mobility data, a networked dynamic metapopulation model, and Bayesian inference, to infer critical epidemiological characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2, including the fraction of undocumented infections and their contagiousness. We estimate that 86% of all infections were undocumented [95% credible interval (CI): 82-90%] before the 23 January 2020 travel restrictions. The transmission rate of undocumented infections per person was 55% the transmission rate of documented infections (95% CI: 46-62%), yet, because of their greater numbers, undocumented infections were the source of 79% of the documented cases. These findings explain the rapid geographic spread of SARS-CoV-2 and indicate that containment of this virus will be particularly challenging."}, {"pmid": 32444270, "pmcid": "PMC7195092", "title": "Considerations for ventilator triage during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Feinstein, Max M", "Niforatos, Joshua D", "Hyun, Insoo", "Cunningham, Thomas V", "Reynolds, Alexandra", "Brodie, Daniel", "Levine, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444270", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445775, "pmcid": "PMC7238988", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic - Let's not forget surfaces.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Rawlinson, Stacey"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445775", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513552, "title": "Adaptive neurology in COVID-19 times.", "journal": "Parkinsonism Relat Disord", "authors": ["Moro, Elena", "Fernandez, Hubert H"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513552", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431759, "pmcid": "PMC7221331", "title": "[COVID-19: a new challenge].", "journal": "J Asthet Chir", "authors": ["Muggenthaler, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431759", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454489, "title": "JAK Inhibition with Methotrexate as Treatment for COVID-19 Is a Double-Edged Sword.", "journal": "Int Arch Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Khan, Sujoy", "Durairaj, Senthil"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454489", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346873, "pmcid": "PMC7267538", "title": "Epidemiological and clinical features of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Xu, Tianmin", "Huang, Rui", "Zhu, Li", "Wang, Jian", "Cheng, Juan", "Zhang, Biao", "Zhao, Haiyan", "Chen, Kang", "Shao, Huaping", "Zhu, Chuanwu", "Wu, Chao", "Liu, Longgen"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346873", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few studies reported the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients with completely asymptomatic throughout the disease course. We investigated the epidemiological and clinical features of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 without any symptoms. Patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were retrospectively recruited. The demographic characteristics, clinical data, treatment, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients without any symptoms were analyzed. Fifteen (4.4%) of 342 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients did not develop any symptom during the course of the disease. The median time from exposure to diagnosis was 7.0 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.0-15.0 days). Of the 15 patients, 14 patients were diagnosed by tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in throat swabs, while one patient was only tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in anal swabs. During hospitalization, only 1 (6.7%) patient developed lymphopenia. Abnormalities of chest computed tomography examinations were detected in 8 (53.4%) patients on admission. As of 8 March 2020, all patients have been discharged. The median time of SARS-CoV-2 tested negative from admission was 7.0 days (IQR: 4.0-9.0 days). Patients without any symptoms but with SARS-CoV-2 exposure should be closely monitored and tested for SARS-CoV-2 both in anal and throat swabs to excluded the infection. Asymptomatic patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 have favorable outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32449179, "title": "Mortality in Older Patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Zhao, Hai-Lu", "Huang, Yan-Mei", "Huang, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449179", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443101, "title": "Nurses: Courageous, Committed, and Fed Up.", "journal": "Am J Nurs", "authors": ["Kennedy, Maureen Shawn"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443101", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a watershed moment for nurses."}, {"pmid": 32393837, "title": "Controlling COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Schiffer, Anne-Marike"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393837", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425472, "pmcid": "PMC7227591", "title": "Electroconvulsive therapy for geriatric depression in the COVID-19 era: reflection on the ethics.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Burhan, Amer M", "Safi, Ajmal", "Blair, Mervin", "O'Reilly, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425472", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437227, "title": "The role of forensic pathologists in coronavirus disease 2019 infection: The importance of an interdisciplinary research.", "journal": "Med Sci Law", "authors": ["Barranco, Rosario", "Ventura, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437227", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492607, "pmcid": "PMC7258804", "title": "Temperature and precipitation associate with Covid-19 new daily cases: A correlation study between weather and Covid-19 pandemic in Oslo, Norway.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Menebo, Mesay Moges"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492607", "countries": ["Norway"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to analyze the correlation between weather and covid-19 pandemic in the capital city of Norway, Oslo. This study employed a secondary data analysis of covid-19 surveillance data from the Norwegian public health institute and weather data from the Norwegian Meteorological institute. The components of weather include minimum temperature (\u00b0C), maximum temperature (\u00b0C), temperature average (\u00b0C), normal temperature (\u00b0C), precipitation level (mm) and wind speed (m/s). Since normality was not fulfilled, a non-parametric correlation test was used for data analysis. Maximum temperature (r\u00a0=\u00a00.347; p\u00a0=\u00a0.005), normal temperature(r\u00a0=\u00a00.293; p\u00a0=\u00a0.019), and precipitation level (r\u00a0=\u00a0-0.285; p\u00a0=\u00a0.022) were significantly correlated with covid-19 pandemic. The finding might serve as an input to a strategy making in the prevention of covid-19 as the country prepare to enter into a new weather season."}, {"pmid": 32363046, "pmcid": "PMC7195097", "title": "A new approach to modeling the fade-out threshold of coronavirus disease.", "journal": "Sci Bull (Beijing)", "authors": ["Yue, TianXiang", "Fan, ZeMeng", "Fan, Bin", "Du, ZhengPing", "Wilson, John P", "Yin, XiaoZhe", "Zhao, Na", "Wang, YingAn", "Zhou, ChengHu"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363046", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196678, "pmcid": "PMC7228397", "title": "Eleven faces of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Dong, Xiang", "Cao, Yi-Yuan", "Lu, Xiao-Xia", "Zhang, Jin-Jin", "Du, Hui", "Yan, You-Qin", "Akdis, Cezmi A", "Gao, Ya-Dong"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196678", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has recently spread worldwide and been declared a pandemic. We aim to describe here the various clinical presentations of this disease by examining eleven cases. Electronic medical records of 11 patients with COVID-19 were collected, and demographics, clinical manifestations, outcomes, key laboratory results, and radiological images are discussed. The clinical course of the eleven cases demonstrated the complexity of the COVID-19 profile with different clinical presentations. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic cases to patients with mild and severe symptoms, with or without pneumonia. Laboratory detection of the viral nucleic acid can yield false-negative results, and serological testing of virus-specific IgG and IgM antibodies should be used as an alternative for diagnosis. Patients with common allergic diseases did not develop distinct symptoms and severe courses. Cases with a pre-existing condition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or complicated with a secondary bacterial pneumonia were more severe. All different clinical characteristics of COVID-19 should be taken into consideration to identify patients that need to be in strict quarantine for the efficient containment of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32251568, "pmcid": "PMC7154984", "title": "Covid-19 in South Korea - Challenges of Subclinical Manifestations.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Song, Joon-Young", "Yun, Jin-Gu", "Noh, Ji-Yun", "Cheong, Hee-Jin", "Kim, Woo-Joo"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251568", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437502, "title": "Building an \"Army of Disease Detectives\" to Trace COVID-19 Contacts.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rubin, Rita"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437502", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327405, "title": "COVID-19 - does exercise prescription and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) have a role in risk-stratifying patients?", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Ahmed, Irfan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327405", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the UK shields 'high risk' patients and enforces social distancing measures, patients will be at risk of significantly reducing physical activity levels. We explore the evidence base for COVID-19-specific recommendations and exercise interventions to 'precondition' patients prior to infection and appraise the role of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) as a risk-stratifying triage tool. We conclude that structured exercise programmes can be used to maintain physical activity levels and prevent deconditioning and that VO2 max has the potential to be used as a clinically relevant triage tool during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32283245, "pmcid": "PMC7151476", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is likely to be androgen mediated.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Wambier, Carlos Gustavo", "Goren, Andy"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283245", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255197, "pmcid": "PMC7262186", "title": "Adverse skin reactions among healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: a survey in Wuhan and its surrounding regions.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Lin, P", "Zhu, S", "Huang, Y", "Li, L", "Tao, J", "Lei, T", "Song, J", "Liu, D", "Chen, L", "Shi, Y", "Jiang, S", "Liu, Q", "Xie, J", "Chen, H", "Duan, Y", "Xia, Y", "Zhou, Y", "Mei, Y", "Zhou, X", "Wu, J", "Fang, M", "Meng, Z", "Li, H"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255197", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530284, "title": "Decoding SARS-CoV-2 transmission, evolution and ramification on COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccine, and medicine.", "journal": "J Chem Inf Model", "authors": ["Wang, Rui", "Hozumi, Yuta", "Yin, Changchuan", "Wei, Guowei"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530284", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tremendous effort has been given to the development of diagnostic tests, preventive vaccines, and therapeutic medicines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Much of this development has been based on the reference genome collected on January 5, 2020. Based on the genotyping of 6156 genome samples collected up to April 24, 2020 (this will be updated during the revision!), we report that SARS-CoV-2 has had 4459 mutations which can be clustered into five subtypes. We introduce mutation ratio and mutation $h$-index to characterize the protein conservativeness and unveil that SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein, main protease, and endoribonuclease protein are relatively conservative, while SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, spike protein, and papain-like protease are relatively non-conservative. In particular, the nucleocapsid protein has more than half its codons changed in the past few months, signaling potential impacts on the ongoing development of COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccines, and drugs."}, {"pmid": 32297900, "title": "Finding Effective Treatments for COVID-19: Scientific Integrity and Public Confidence in a Time of Crisis.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Goodman, Jesse L", "Borio, Luciana"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297900", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32176272, "pmcid": "PMC7081176", "title": "Estimation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Burden and Potential for International Dissemination of Infection From Iran.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Tuite, Ashleigh R", "Bogoch, Isaac I", "Sherbo, Ryan", "Watts, Alexander", "Fisman, David", "Khan, Kamran"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176272", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519174, "title": "What can we learn about corticosteroid therapy as a treatment for COVID-19?", "journal": "Osteoporos Int", "authors": ["Tang, J"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519174", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320556, "pmcid": "PMC7207075", "title": "Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis in a Patient with Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Coronado Munoz, Alvaro", "Nawaratne, Upulie", "McMann, David", "Ellsworth, Misti", "Meliones, Jon", "Boukas, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320556", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413619, "pmcid": "PMC7211630", "title": "beta-Glucan extracts from the same edible shiitake mushroom Lentinus edodes produce differential in-vitro immunomodulatory and pulmonary cytoprotective effects - Implications for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) immunotherapies.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Murphy, Emma J", "Masterson, Claire", "Rezoagli, Emanuele", "O'Toole, Daniel", "Major, Ian", "Stack, Gary D", "Lynch, Mark", "Laffey, John G", "Rowan, Neil J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413619", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus pneumonia is accompanied by rapid virus replication, where a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine storm may lead to acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. The uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-6, is associated with ARDS. This constituted the first study to report on the variability in physicochemical properties of \u03b2-glucans extracts from the same edible mushroom Lentinus edodes on the reduction of these pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Specifically, the impact on the immunomodulatory and cytoprotective properties of our novel in 'house' (IH-Lentinan, IHL) and a commercial (Carbosynth-Lentinan, CL) Lentinan extract were investigated using in vitro models of lung injury and macrophage phagocytosis. CL comprised higher amounts of \u03b1-glucans and correspondingly less \u03b2-glucans. The two lentinan extracts demonstrated varying immunomodulatory activities. Both Lentinan extracts reduced cytokine-induced NF-\u03baB activation in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells, with the IHL extract proving more effective at lower doses. In contrast, in activated THP-1 derived macrophages, the CL extract more effectively attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-\u03b1, IL-8, IL-2, IL-6, IL-22) as well as TGF-\u03b2 and IL-10. The CL extract attenuated oxidative stress-induced early apoptosis, while the IHL extract attenuated late apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate significant physicochemical differences between Lentinan extracts, which produce differential in vitro immunomodulatory and pulmonary cytoprotective effects that may also have positive relevance to candidate COVID-19 therapeutics targeting cytokine storm."}, {"pmid": 32408336, "title": "Proteomics of SARS-CoV-2-infected host cells reveals therapy targets.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Bojkova, Denisa", "Klann, Kevin", "Koch, Benjamin", "Widera, Marek", "Krause, David", "Ciesek, Sandra", "Cinatl, Jindrich", "Munch, Christian"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408336", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus was recently discovered and termed SARS-CoV-2. Human infection can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has been rapidly spreading around the globe1,2. SARS-CoV-2 shows some similarities to other coronaviruses. However, treatment options and a cellular understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection are lacking. Here we identify the host cell pathways modulated by SARS-CoV-2 infection and show that inhibition of these pathways prevent viral replication in human cells. We established a human cell culture model for infection with SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolate. Employing this system, we determined the SARS-CoV-2 infection profile by translatome3 and proteome proteomics at different times after infection. These analyses revealed that SARS-CoV-2 reshapes central cellular pathways, such as translation, splicing, carbon metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism. Small molecule inhibitors targeting these pathways prevented viral replication in cells. Our results reveal the cellular infection profile of SARS-CoV-2 and led to the identification of drugs inhibiting viral replication. We anticipate our results to guide efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying host cell modulation upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, our findings provide insight for the development of therapy options for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32497443, "title": "Risk-Informed Decision Making: More Critical Today Than Ever Before.", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Watson, Crystal", "Mullen, Lucia"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497443", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383234, "pmcid": "PMC7267263", "title": "Cutaneous manifestations of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A brief review.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Tang, Keyun", "Wang, Yuanzhuo", "Zhang, Hanlin", "Zheng, Qingyue", "Fang, Rouyu", "Sun, Qiuning"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383234", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has been spreading quickly throughout the world. We reviewed the evidence on cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 based on PubMed database. The searching strategy was (COVID* or coronavirus*) and (dermatol* or skin* or cutaneous*). The publication time was limited to 2019 onward. After independent review by two authors, 14 studies with 228 confirmed cases were included in the analysis. A total of 60 patients developed skin rashes, and the age ranged from 8 to 84. Exanthematous eruptions potentially related to COVID-19 infection were highly variable and heterogeneous. Skin lesions mainly appeared erythematous, urticarial, and vesicular (chicken pox-like or varicelliform). Petechiae rash, livedo reticularis, and reactivation of oral HSV-1 were also observed in single cases. Newly reported eruptions like vascular lesions and peculiar (perniosis-like) skin lesions caused concern among dermatologists. Exanthems were widely distributed and were primarily located on the trunk. Associated symptoms, latency time, treatment, and prognosis were also carefully summarized. This study reviewed the recently published COVID-19 studies with skin manifestations, which may pave the way for further research."}, {"pmid": 32395943, "title": "Acute pericarditis secondary to COVID-19.", "journal": "Emergencias", "authors": ["Marschall, Alexander", "Concepcion Suarez, Ricardo", "Dejuan Bitria, Carmen", "Fernandez Pascual, Maria Concepcion"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395943", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521222, "title": "Clusters of Coronavirus Disease in Communities, Japan, January-April 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Furuse, Yuki", "Sando, Eiichiro", "Tsuchiya, Naho", "Miyahara, Reiko", "Yasuda, Ikkoh", "Ko, Yura K", "Saito, Mayuko", "Morimoto, Konosuke", "Imamura, Takeaki", "Shobugawa, Yugo", "Nagata, Shohei", "Jindai, Kazuaki", "Imamura, Tadatsugu", "Sunagawa, Tomimasa", "Suzuki, Motoi", "Nishiura, Hiroshi", "Oshitani, Hitoshi"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521222", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analyzed 3,184 cases of coronavirus disease in Japan and identified 61 case-clusters in healthcare and other care facilities, restaurants and bars, workplaces, and music events. We also identified 22 probable primary case-patients for the clusters; most were 20-39 years of age and presymptomatic or asymptomatic at virus transmission."}, {"pmid": 32399093, "pmcid": "PMC7212217", "title": "Lipid-lowering therapy and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Med Sci", "authors": ["Katsiki, Niki", "Banach, Maciej", "Mikhailidis, Dimitri P"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399093", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389492, "pmcid": "PMC7198169", "title": "[Recommendations of the Urolithiasis Committee of the French Urology Association for the management and the treatment of the stone formers patients during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis].", "journal": "Prog Urol", "authors": ["Almeras, C", "Denis, E", "Meria, P", "Estrade, V", "Raynal, G", "Hoznek, A", "Malval, B", "Dominique, S", "Bart, S", "Gautier, J R", "Abid, N"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389492", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For the first time, faced with a crisis with an exceptional magnitude due to the COVID-19 pandemic responsible for saturation of emergency services and intensive care units, the urolithiasis committee of the French Urology Association designed the recommendations for care and treatment of stone-forming patients and their treatment during crisis."}, {"pmid": 32425199, "pmcid": "PMC7228893", "title": "Cardiovascular Safety of Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Am J Cardiol", "authors": ["Aggarwal, Gaurav", "Henry, Brandon Michael", "Aggarwal, Saurabh", "Bangalore, Sripal"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425199", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. It is still uncontrolled in most countries and no therapies are currently available. Various drugs are under investigation for its treatment. The disease is known to have worse outcomes in patients who have underlying cardiovascular disease. Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, remdesivir and lopinavir/ritonavir are currently being studied in trials and show some promise. Conduction disorders, heart failure and mortality have been reported with the use of these drugs. It is important to have a knowledge of potential cardiotoxic effects of these drugs before using them for COVID-19 patients for better allocation of healthcare resources and improvement in clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32183941, "pmcid": "PMC7142693", "title": "A Sequence Homology and Bioinformatic Approach Can Predict Candidate Targets for Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Grifoni, Alba", "Sidney, John", "Zhang, Yun", "Scheuermann, Richard H", "Peters, Bjoern", "Sette, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183941", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective countermeasures against the recent emergence and rapid expansion of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) require the development of data and tools to understand and monitor its spread and immune responses to it. However, little information is available about the targets of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. We used the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB) to catalog available data related to other coronaviruses. This includes SARS-CoV, which has high sequence similarity to SARS-CoV-2 and is the best-characterized coronavirus in terms of epitope responses. We identified multiple specific regions in SARS-CoV-2 that have high homology to the SARS-CoV virus. Parallel bioinformatic predictions identified a priori potential B and T\u00a0cell epitopes for SARS-CoV-2. The independent identification of the same regions using two approaches reflects the high probability that these regions are promising targets for immune recognition of SARS-CoV-2. These predictions can facilitate effective vaccine design against this virus of high priority."}, {"pmid": 32458019, "pmcid": "PMC7250252", "title": "The Decreasing Incidence of Acute Appendicitis During COVID-19: A Retrospective Multi-centre Study.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Tankel, James", "Keinan, Aner", "Blich, Ori", "Koussa, Michael", "Helou, Brigitte", "Shay, Shahaf", "Zugayar, Diaa", "Pikarsky, Alon", "Mazeh, Haggi", "Spira, Ram", "Reissman, Petachia"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458019", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) spreads, a decrease in the number of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) has been noted in our institutions. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and severity of AA before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective cohort analysis was performed between December 2019 and April 2020 in the four high-volume centres that provide health care to the municipality of Jerusalem, Israel. Two groups were created. Group A consisted of patients who presented in the 7\u00a0weeks prior to COVID-19 first being diagnosed, whilst those in the 7\u00a0weeks after were allocated to Group B. A comparison was performed between the clinicopathological features of the patients in each group as was the changing incidence of AA. A total of 378 patients were identified, 237 in Group A and 141 in Group B (62.7% vs. 37.3%). Following the onset of COVID-19, the\u00a0weekly incidence of AA decreased by\u00a040.7% (p\u2009=\u20090.02). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of\u00a0the length of preoperative symptoms or surgery, need for postoperative peritoneal drainage or the distribution of complicated versus uncomplicated appendicitis. The significant decrease in the number of patients admitted with AA during the onset of COVID-19 possibly represents successful resolution of mild appendicitis treated symptomatically by patients at home. Further research is needed to corroborate this assumption and identify those patients who may benefit from this treatment pathway."}, {"pmid": 32302078, "pmcid": "PMC7182018", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in New York City.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Goyal, Parag", "Choi, Justin J", "Pinheiro, Laura C", "Schenck, Edward J", "Chen, Ruijun", "Jabri, Assem", "Satlin, Michael J", "Campion, Thomas R Jr", "Nahid, Musarrat", "Ringel, Joanna B", "Hoffman, Katherine L", "Alshak, Mark N", "Li, Han A", "Wehmeyer, Graham T", "Rajan, Mangala", "Reshetnyak, Evgeniya", "Hupert, Nathaniel", "Horn, Evelyn M", "Martinez, Fernando J", "Gulick, Roy M", "Safford, Monika M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302078", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298149, "title": "Chest CT and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Critical Review of the Literature to Date.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Raptis, Constantine A", "Hammer, Mark M", "Short, Ryan G", "Shah, Amar", "Bhalla, Sanjeev", "Bierhals, Andrew J", "Filev, Peter D", "Hope, Michael D", "Jeudy, Jean", "Kligerman, Seth J", "Henry, Travis S"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298149", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Studies in the radiology literature have suggested that CT might be sufficiently sensitive and specific in diagnosing COVID-19 when used in lieu of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test; however, this suggestion runs counter to current society guidelines. The purpose of this article is to critically review some of the most frequently cited studies on the use of CT for detecting COVID-19. CONCLUSION. To date, the radiology literature on COVID-19 has consisted of limited retrospective studies that do not substantiate the use of CT as a diagnostic test for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32292810, "pmcid": "PMC7128296", "title": "[Covid-19 and some ethical issues in France].", "journal": "Ethics Med Public Health", "authors": ["Charlier, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292810", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463088, "title": "Detecting Early Signals of COVID-19 Global Pandemic from Network Density.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Chu, Amanda M Y", "Tiwari, Agnes", "So, Mike K P"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463088", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel use of network analysis in public health Developing a quantitative assessment method for the COVID-19 pandemic risk Exploring the time series of network density for early warning signals of pandemic risk Tracking the evolution of pandemic risk through the degree of connectedness."}, {"pmid": 32453426, "title": "Physical Therapy in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Forging a Paradigm Shift for Rehabilitation in Acute Care.", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Keeney, Tamra"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453426", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233163, "pmcid": "PMC7105506", "title": "Understanding and Interpretation of Case Fatality Rate of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Dong Hyun", "Choe, Young June", "Jeong, Jin Young"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233163", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408119, "pmcid": "PMC7199697", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan: The first report characterizing epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings of the disease.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Merza, Muayad A", "Haleem Al Mezori, Azad A", "Mohammed, Hakar Mustafa", "Abdulah, Deldar Morad"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408119", "countries": ["Iraq"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the novel coronavirus was declared a global pandemic. The disease was named COVID-19 standing for coronavirus disease 2019. The objectives were to determine the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients. In this prospective descriptive study, 15 confirmed hospitalized cases of COVID-19 between 18th March and April 7, 2020 were followed-up till discharge. There were 15 reported patients infected by 3 imported index cases from Europe. The mean age of the patients was 28.06 (SD: 16.42 years). The patients' age stratification was as follows: 0-5 (2, 13.3%); 6-18 (2, 13.3); 19-50 (10, 66.7%), and 51-64 years (1, 6.7%). The patients were male (9, 60.0%) and female (6, 40.0%). Most of the patients had mild disease severity (13, 86.7%), followed by mild-moderate (1, 6.7%) and moderate-severe (1, 6.7%). The study revealed that 6 patients were asymptomatic, and 9 patients were symptomatic. The most common symptoms were: fever (n\u00a0=\u00a08; 53.3%), cough (n\u00a0=\u00a07; 46.7%), shortness of breath (n\u00a0=\u00a03; 20.0%), fatigue (n\u00a0=\u00a03; 20.0%), and taste and smell disorders (n\u00a0=\u00a04; 26.7%). All patients were recovered and discharged over a median of 8 between 8 and 21 days. The mean and Std. deviation values of the hematological were: WBC: 6.57 (1.86); neutrophil count: 3.75 (1.26); lymphocyte count: 1.87 (0.41); Hb: 13.89 (1.26); platelet count: 207.67 (52.21). All COVID-19 cases were linked to foreign visits with few local transmissions to close contacts without community transmission. The majority of cases were mild illnesses with full recovery."}, {"pmid": 32294562, "pmcid": "PMC7152904", "title": "A search for medications to treat COVID-19 via in silico molecular docking models of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and 3CL protease.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hall, Donald C Jr", "Ji, Hai-Feng"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294562", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 has now been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. There is an emergent need to search for possible medications. Utilization of the available sequence information, homology modeling, and in slico docking a number of available medications might prove to be effective in inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 two main drug targets, the spike glycoprotein, and the 3CL protease. Several compounds were determined from the in silico docking models that might prove to be effective inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2. Several antiviral medications: Zanamivir, Indinavir, Saquinavir, and Remdesivir show potential as and 3CLPRO main proteinase inhibitors and as a treatment for COVID-19. Zanamivir, Indinavir, Saquinavir, and Remdesivir are among the exciting hits on the 3CLPRO main proteinase. It is also exciting to uncover that Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) Adeflavin, B2 deficiency medicine, and Coenzyme A, a coenzyme, may also be potentially used for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The use of these off-label medications may be beneficial in the treatment of the COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32276754, "pmcid": "PMC7144862", "title": "CT Manifestation of COVID-19 Pneumonia; Role of Multiplanar Imaging.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Ostad, S P", "Haseli, S", "Iranpour, P"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276754", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327314, "pmcid": "PMC7161497", "title": "COVID-19, mobile health and serious mental illness.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Torous, John", "Keshavan, Matcheri"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327314", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304743, "pmcid": "PMC7159847", "title": "Modelling the epidemic spread of COVID-19 virus infection in Northern African countries.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Daw, Mohamed A", "El-Bouzedi, Abdallah H"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304743", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502522, "pmcid": "PMC7265831", "title": "Use of Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Early Guidance and Evolving Evidence.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Turgeon, Ricky D", "Zieroth, Shelley", "Bewick, David", "Chow, Chi-Ming", "Clarke, Brian", "Cowan, Simone", "Fordyce, Christopher B", "Fournier, Anne", "Gin, Kenneth", "Gupta, Anil", "Hardiman, Sean", "Jackson, Simon", "Lau, Benny", "Leong-Poi, Howard", "Mansour, Samer", "Marelli, Ariane", "Quraishi, Ata Rehman", "Roifman, Idan", "Ruel, Marc", "Sapp, John", "Singh, Gurmeet", "Small, Gary", "Virani, Sean", "Wood, David A", "Krahn, Andrew"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502522", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497522, "pmcid": "PMC7237932", "title": "Respiratory Virus Infections: Understanding COVID-19.", "journal": "Immunity", "authors": ["Subbarao, Kanta", "Mahanty, Siddhartha"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497522", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory viruses affect us throughout our lives, from infancy to old age, causing illnesses ranging from a common cold to severe pneumonia. They belong to several virus families, and although many features of infection with these diverse viruses are shared, some have unique characteristics. Here we explain what happens when we are infected by respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32031583, "pmcid": "PMC7108203", "title": "Molecular Diagnosis of a Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Causing an Outbreak of Pneumonia.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Chu, Daniel K W", "Pan, Yang", "Cheng, Samuel M S", "Hui, Kenrie P Y", "Krishnan, Pavithra", "Liu, Yingzhi", "Ng, Daisy Y M", "Wan, Carrie K C", "Yang, Peng", "Wang, Quanyi", "Peiris, Malik", "Poon, Leo L M"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32031583", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin (2019-nCoV) has recently been identified in patients with acute respiratory disease. This virus is genetically similar to SARS coronavirus and bat SARS-like coronaviruses. The outbreak was initially detected in Wuhan, a major city of China, but has subsequently been detected in other provinces of China. Travel-associated cases have also been reported in a few other countries. Outbreaks in health care workers indicate human-to-human transmission. Molecular tests for rapid detection of this virus are urgently needed for early identification of infected patients. We developed two 1-step quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR assays to detect two different regions (ORF1b and N) of the viral genome. The primer and probe sets were designed to react with this novel coronavirus and its closely related viruses, such as SARS coronavirus. These assays were evaluated using a panel of positive and negative controls. In addition, respiratory specimens from two 2019-nCoV-infected patients were tested. Using RNA extracted from cells infected by SARS coronavirus as a positive control, these assays were shown to have a dynamic range of at least seven orders of magnitude (2x10-4-2000 TCID50/reaction). Using DNA plasmids as positive standards, the detection limits of these assays were found to be below 10 copies per reaction. All negative control samples were negative in the assays. Samples from two 2019-nCoV-infected patients were positive in the tests. The established assays can achieve a rapid detection of 2019n-CoV in human samples, thereby allowing early identification of patients."}, {"pmid": 32498376, "title": "Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Drive Necroinflammation in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cells", "authors": ["Tomar, Bhawna", "Anders, Hans-Joachim", "Desai, Jyaysi", "Mulay, Shrikant R"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498376", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is progressing worldwide with an alarming death toll. There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to combat potentially fatal complications. Distinctive clinical features of severe COVID-19 include acute respiratory distress syndrome, neutrophilia, and cytokine storm, along with severe inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis. Here, we propose the putative role of enhanced neutrophil infiltration and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps, complement activation and vascular thrombosis during necroinflammation in COVID-19. Furthermore, we discuss how neutrophilic inflammation contributes to the higher mortality of COVID-19 in patients with underlying co-morbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This perspective highlights neutrophils as a putative target for the immunopathologic complications of severely ill COVID-19 patients. Development of the novel therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophils may help reduce the overall disease fatality rate of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32324365, "title": "Airway management of coronavirus-infected patients", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Laszlo, Istvan", "Molnar, Csilla", "Koszta, Gyorgy", "Vegh, Tamas", "Fabian, Akos", "Berhes, Mariann", "Juhasz, Marianna", "Fulesdi, Bela"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324365", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic is a serious challenge for healthcare workers worldwide. The virus is spread through the air by droplets of moisture when people cough or sneeze and it has a very high virulence. Procedures generating airway aerosols are dangerous for every participant of patient care. The serious form of coronavirus infection can cause progressive respiratory failure. The best treatment is early endotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation. Intubation is an aerosol-generating process and thus carries the risk of contamination. Additionally the airway management of this patient population is usually difficult. The goal of this article is to give a practice-based overview of the peculiarities of airway management in coronavirus-infected patients with special regard to infection control and patient safety considerations. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 696\u2013703."}, {"pmid": 32414522, "pmcid": "PMC7211689", "title": "Weakness and elevated creatinine kinase as the initial presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Chan, Kok Hoe", "Farouji, Iyad", "Abu Hanoud, Amany", "Slim, Jihad"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414522", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a global public health emergency with more than one million positive cases across the globe. COVID-19 has a multifaceted presentation. We are herein to report two cases of SARS-CoV-2 induced rhabdomyolysis with an initial presentation of weakness and elevated creatinine kinase (CK). Both patients had no respiratory symptoms, they only complained of generalized weakness and were found to have elevated CK. Routine chest X-ray showed bilateral infiltrates in both cases and subsequently reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. To the best of our knowledge, there was only one literature to date documented SARS-CoV-2 induced rhabdomyolysis as a late complication of COVID-19 patient. Our cases showed that elevated CK and rhabdomyolysis can be the sole initial presentation of patients with COVID-19 and total CK should be ordered in every patient on admission."}, {"pmid": 32178593, "pmcid": "PMC7103712", "title": "Emerging WuHan (COVID-19) coronavirus: glycan shield and structure prediction of spike glycoprotein and its interaction with human CD26.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Vankadari, Naveen", "Wilce, Jacqueline A"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178593", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of pneumonia-causing COVID-19 in China is an urgent global public health issue with an increase in mortality and morbidity. Here we report our modelled homo-trimer structure of COVID-19 spike glycoprotein in both closed (ligand-free) and open (ligand-bound) conformation, which is involved in host cell adhesion. We also predict the unique N- and O-linked glycosylation sites of spike glycoprotein that distinguish it from the SARS and underlines shielding and camouflage of COVID-19 from the host the defence system. Furthermore, our study also highlights the key finding that the S1 domain of COVID-19 spike glycoprotein potentially interacts with the human CD26, a key immunoregulatory factor for hijacking and virulence. These findings accentuate the unique features of COVID-19 and assist in the development of new therapeutics."}, {"pmid": 32330303, "pmcid": "PMC7264659", "title": "Characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) confirmed using an IgM-IgG antibody test.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Xie, Jiajia", "Ding, Chengchao", "Li, Jing", "Wang, Yulan", "Guo, Hui", "Lu, Zhaohui", "Wang, Jinquan", "Zheng, Changcheng", "Jin, Tengchuan", "Gao, Yong", "He, Hongliang"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330303", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by a novel betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly developed into a pandemic since it was first reported in December 2019. Nucleic acid testing is the standard method for the diagnosis of viral infections. However, this method reportedly has a low positivity rate. To increase the sensitivity of COVID-19 diagnoses, we developed an IgM-IgG combined assay and tested it in patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. In total, 56 patients were enrolled in this study and SARS-CoV-2 was detected by using both IgM-IgG antibody and nucleic acid tests. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. Our findings suggest that patients who develop severe illness might experience longer virus exposure times and develop a more severe inflammatory response. The IgM-IgG test is an accurate and sensitive diagnostic method. A combination of nucleic acid and IgM-IgG testing is a more sensitive and accurate approach for diagnosis and early treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32305075, "pmcid": "PMC7162648", "title": "Endoscopy in inflammatory bowel diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic period.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Iacucci, Marietta", "Cannatelli, Rosanna", "Labarile, Nunzia", "Mao, Ren", "Panaccione, Remo", "Danese, Silvio", "Kochhar, Gursimran S", "Ghosh, Subrata", "Shen, Bo"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is changing the management of many chronic diseases, including that of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In particular, the performance of routine endoscopy is temporarily suspended, and only emergency endoscopy is allowed in many countries where severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread. We highlight different scenarios in which endoscopy should still be performed urgently in patients with IBD, as well as recommendations regarding the use of personal protective equipment. We suggest a pathway for performing safe endoscopy and discuss the potential risks of postponing endoscopy in IBD. Finally, we propose a post-pandemic plan for access to endoscopy."}, {"pmid": 32022502, "title": "Coronavirus : rester proactif.", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Gardier, Stephany", "Petignat, Christiane"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32022502", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503877, "title": "Inhibition of Bruton tyrosine kinase in patients with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Sci Immunol", "authors": ["Roschewski, Mark", "Lionakis, Michail S", "Sharman, Jeff P", "Roswarski, Joseph", "Goy, Andre", "Monticelli, M Andrew", "Roshon, Michael", "Wrzesinski, Stephen H", "Desai, Jigar V", "Zarakas, Marissa A", "Collen, Jacob", "Rose, Keith", "Hamdy, Ahmed", "Izumi, Raquel", "Wright, George W", "Chung, Kevin K", "Baselga, Jose", "Staudt, Louis M", "Wilson, Wyndham H"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503877", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with severe COVID-19 have a hyperinflammatory immune response suggestive of macrophage activation. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) regulates macrophage signaling and activation. Acalabrutinib, a selective BTK inhibitor, was administered off-label to 19 patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 (11 on supplemental oxygen; 8 on mechanical ventilation), 18 of whom had increasing oxygen requirements at baseline. Over a 10-14 day treatment course, acalabrutinib improved oxygenation in a majority of patients, often within 1-3 days, and had no discernable toxicity. Measures of inflammation - C-reactive protein and IL-6 - normalized quickly in most patients, as did lymphopenia, in correlation with improved oxygenation. At the end of acalabrutinib treatment, 8/11 (72.7%) patients in the supplemental oxygen cohort had been discharged on room air, and 4/8 (50%) patients in the mechanical ventilation cohort had been successfully extubated, with 2/8 (25%) discharged on room air. Ex vivo analysis revealed significantly elevated BTK activity, as evidenced by autophosphorylation, and increased IL-6 production in blood monocytes from patients with severe COVID-19 compared with blood monocytes from healthy volunteers. These results suggest that targeting excessive host inflammation with a BTK inhibitor is a therapeutic strategy in severe COVID-19 and has led to a confirmatory international prospective randomized controlled clinical trial."}, {"pmid": 32473964, "pmcid": "PMC7255092", "title": "Towards individualized and optimalized positioning of non-ventilated COVID-19 patients: Putting the affected parts of the lung(s) on top?", "journal": "Diabetes Metab", "authors": ["Froelich, Sebastien", "Mandonnet, Emmanuel", "Julla, Jean-Baptiste", "Touchard, Cyril", "Laloi-Michelin, Marie", "Kevorkian, Jean-Philippe", "Gautier, Jean-Francois"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473964", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 led to an unprecedented inflow of hospitalised patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), requiring high-flow non-invasive oxygenation, if not invasive mechanical ventilation. While the best option in terms of non-invasive systems of oxygen delivery is still a matter of debate, it also remains unclear as to whether or not the optimal in-bed positioning of patients might also help to improve their oxygen saturation levels. On the basis of three representative cases, it is possible to propose the following hypotheses: (i) how patients are positioned has a strong influence on their oxygen saturation levels; (ii) saturation-optimalised positions are patient-specific; (iii) prone positions require ergonomic devices; and (iv) saturation-optimalised positions should aim to place the most affected part(s) of the lung(s) on top. Considered together, these hypotheses have led us to recommend that COVID-19 patients should undergo a specific assessment at admission to determine their saturation-optimalised in-bed position. However, further studies are still needed to assess the benefits of such a strategy on clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32522617, "title": "Outbreak of SARS-CoV2: Pathogenesis of infection and cardiovascular involvement.", "journal": "Hellenic J Cardiol", "authors": ["Amirfakhryan, Hamideh", "Safari, Fatemeh"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522617", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the new coronavirus SARS (SARS-CoV2) has emerged from china, the infection (COVID-19) has affected many countries and led to many deaths worldwide. Like SARS-CoV, ACE2 as a functional receptor for SARS-CoV2 is essential for virus to entry to the cell. ACE2 is a part of RAS which is expressed in several organs that opposes the AngII functions by converting Ang II to Ang (1-7), the one with vasodilation effects. The death rate of COVID-19 is estimated about 3.4%, however, some comorbid conditions like underlying cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes increase the risk of mortality. In addition, cardiovascular involvement by SARS-CoV2 could be direct through either ACE2 receptors which are expressed tremendously in heart, or by the surge of different cytokines or by ARDS-induced hypoxia. Traditional risk factors could aggravate the process of COVID-19 infection that urges the triage of these high risk patients for SARS-CoV2. Currently, there is no effective, proven treatment or vaccination for COVID-19, but many investigators are struggling to find a treatment strategy as soon as possible. Some potential medications like chloroquine by itself or in combination with azithromycin, and some protease inhibitors used for the treatment of COVID-19 have cardiovascular adverse effects that should be kept in mind in order to close monitor of the patients receiving these medications."}, {"pmid": 32502334, "title": "False Negative Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Infection - Challenges and Implications.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Woloshin, Steven", "Patel, Neeraj", "Kesselheim, Aaron S"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502334", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526370, "title": "What is the potential function of microRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in COVID-19?", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Guterres, Alexandro", "de Azeredo Lima, Carlos Henrique", "Miranda, Renan Lyra", "Gadelha, Monica Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526370", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337151, "pmcid": "PMC7180684", "title": "On the global trends and spread of the COVID-19 outbreak: preliminary assessment of the potential relation between location-specific temperature and UV index.", "journal": "Z Gesundh Wiss", "authors": ["Gunthe, Sachin S", "Swain, Basudev", "Patra, Satya S", "Amte, Aneesh"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337151", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, since its first outbreak in December, has, up till now, affected approximately 114,542 people across 115 countries. Many international agencies are devoting efforts to enhance the understanding of the evolving COVID-19 outbreak on an international level, its influences, and preparedness. At present, COVID-19 appears to affect individuals through person-to-person means, like other commonly found cold or influenza viruses. It is widely known and acknowledged that viruses causing influenza peak during cold temperatures and gradually subside in the warmer temperature, owing to their seasonality. Thus, COVID-19, due to its regular flu-like symptoms, is also expected to show similar seasonality and subside as the global temperatures rise in the northern hemisphere with the onset of spring. Despite these speculations, however, the systematic analysis in the global perspective of the relation between COVID-19 spread and meteorological parameters is unavailable. Here, by analyzing the region- and city-specific affected global data and corresponding meteorological parameters, we show that there is an optimum range of temperature and UV index strongly affecting the spread and survival of the virus, whereas precipitation, relative humidity, cloud cover, etc. have no effect on the virus. Unavailability of pharmaceutical interventions would require greater preparedness and alert for the effective control of COVID-19. Under these conditions, the information provided here could be very helpful for the global community struggling to fight this global crisis. It is, however, important to note that the information presented here clearly lacks any physiological evidences, which may merit further investigation. Thus, any attempt for management, implementation, and evaluation strategies responding to the crisis arising due to the COVID-19 outbreak must not consider the evaluation presented here as the foremost factor."}, {"pmid": 32432781, "title": "Awake laparotomy: is locoregional anesthesia a functional option for major abdominal surgeries in the COVID-19 era?", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Romanzi, A", "Galletti, M", "Macchi, L", "Putorti, A", "Rossi, F", "Scolaro, R", "Vannelli, A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432781", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the demand for critical care beds among medical services has rapidly exceeded its supply. Elective surgery has comprehensively been drastically limited and allocating intensive care beds to emergency cases or to high risk scheduled elective cases has become an even more difficult task. Here we present our experience which could help to handle undelayable surgical procedures during this emergency. In 2019, eight patients (4 men, 4 women) with a mean age of 88 years, needing emergency abdominal surgery underwent awake open surgery at our Department of Surgery. All of them were identified as fragile patients at preoperative evaluation by the anesthesiologist. In all cases, locoregional anesthesia (spinal, epidural or combined spinal-epidural anesthesia) was performed. Intraoperative and postoperative pain has been monitored and regularly assessed. None of the patients was intubated. Mean operative time was 80 minutes (minimum 30 minutes, maximum 130 minutes). Intraoperative and postoperative pain were both well controlled. None of them required postoperative intensive care support. No perioperative complications were observed. Based on our preliminary case series, awake open surgery has resulted feasible and safe. This approach has allowed to perform undelayable major abdominal surgeries on fragile patients when intensive care beds were not available. Surely, it represents a helpful alternative in the COVID-19 era. A streamlining of workflows would fast-track both fragile patients management, as well as healthcare workers' tasks and activity."}, {"pmid": 32212516, "title": "Critical Supply Shortages - The Need for Ventilators and Personal Protective Equipment during the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Ranney, Megan L", "Griffeth, Valerie", "Jha, Ashish K"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212516", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416410, "pmcid": "PMC7189199", "title": "Is it fair to hope that patients with Type 1 Diabetes (autoimmune) may be spared by the infection of Covid-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Tatti, Patrizio", "Tonolo, Giancarlo", "Zanfardino, Angela", "Iafusco, Dario"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416410", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The CoV-19 infection appears to be unusual among patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, although they are considered a fragile population. We think that this in part due to the peculiar immune condition that leads to the destruction of the Beta cells."}, {"pmid": 32529040, "pmcid": "PMC7255913", "title": "Adoption and impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19.", "journal": "Wellcome Open Res", "authors": ["Imai, Natsuko", "Gaythorpe, Katy A M", "Abbott, Sam", "Bhatia, Sangeeta", "van Elsland, Sabine", "Prem, Kiesha", "Liu, Yang", "Ferguson, Neil M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529040", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Several non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been implemented across the world to control the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Social distancing (SD) interventions applied so far have included school closures, remote working and quarantine. These measures have been shown to have large impacts on pandemic influenza transmission. However, there has been comparatively little examination of such measures for COVID-19. Methods: We examined the existing literature, and collated data, on implementation of NPIs to examine their effects on the COVID-19 pandemic so far. Data on NPIs were collected from official government websites as well as from media sources. Results: Measures such as travel restrictions have been implemented in multiple countries and appears to have slowed the geographic spread of COVID-19 and reduced initial case numbers. We find that, due to the relatively sparse information on the differences with and without interventions, it is difficult to quantitatively assess the efficacy of many interventions. Similarly, whilst the comparison to other pandemic diseases such as influenza can be helpful, there are key differences that could affect the efficacy of similar NPIs. Conclusions: The timely implementation of control measures is key to their success and must strike a balance between early enough application to reduce the peak of the epidemic and ensuring that they can be feasibly maintained for an appropriate duration. Such measures can have large societal impacts and they need to be appropriately justified to the population. As the pandemic of COVID-19 progresses, quantifying the impact of interventions will be a vital consideration for the appropriate use of mitigation strategies."}, {"pmid": 32456716, "title": "Prisons and the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Gulati, Gautam", "Dunne, Colum P", "Kelly, Brendan D"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456716", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470687, "pmcid": "PMC7194057", "title": "Asymmetric nexus between temperature and COVID-19 in the top ten affected provinces of China: A current application of quantile-on-quantile approach.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Shahzad, Farrukh", "Shahzad, Umer", "Fareed, Zeeshan", "Iqbal, Najaf", "Hashmi, Shujahat Haider", "Ahmad, Fayyaz"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470687", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present study examines the asymmetrical effect of temperature on COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease) from 22 January 2020 to 31 March 2020 in the 10 most affected provinces in China. This study used the Sim & Zhou' quantile-on-quantile (QQ) approach to analyze how the temperature quantities affect the different quantiles of COVID-19. Daily COVID-19 and, temperature data collected from the official websites of the Chinese National Health Commission and Weather Underground Company (WUC) respectively. Empirical results have shown that the relationship between temperature and COVID-19 is mostly positive for Hubei, Hunan, and Anhui, while mostly negative for Zhejiang and Shandong provinces. The remaining five provinces Guangdong, Henan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, and Heilongjiang are showing the mixed trends. These differences among the provinces can be explained by the differences in the number of COVID-19 cases, temperature, and the province's overall hospital facilitations. The study concludes that maintaining a safe and comfortable atmosphere for patients while COVID-19 is being treated may be rational."}, {"pmid": 32427517, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Hopes from Proteomics and Multiomics Research.", "journal": "OMICS", "authors": ["Ray, Sandipan", "Srivastava, Sanjeeva"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427517", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The successful sequencing of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid paved the way for exploration of omics systems science and integrative biology research approaches for combating this unprecedented planetary health challenge. Omics-scale studies on this viral infection are emerging rapidly and offer a tremendous potential to unravel the puzzles of the SARS-CoV-2 pathobiology, and ways forward for diagnostic and therapeutic innovation."}, {"pmid": 32277533, "pmcid": "PMC7262343", "title": "Emergency measures for acute oral mucosa diseases during the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Guo, Yiqing", "Yuan, Changqing", "Wei, Changlei"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277533", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514427, "pmcid": "PMC7272234", "title": "Social isolation and loneliness among older adults in the context of COVID-19: a global challenge.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Wu, Bei"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514427", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are experiencing a historical moment with an unprecedented challenge of the COVID-19 global pandemic. The outbreak of COVID-19 will have a long-term and profound impact on older adults' health and well-being. Social isolation and loneliness are likely to be one of the most affected health outcomes. Social isolation and loneliness are\u00a0major risk factors that have been linked with poor physical and mental health status. This paper discusses several approaches that may address the issues of social isolation and loneliness. These approaches include promoting social connection as public health messaging, mobilizing the resources from family members, community-based networks and resources, developing innovative technology-based interventions to improve social connections, and engaging the health care system to begin the process of developing methods to identify social isolation and loneliness in health care settings."}, {"pmid": 32398833, "title": "Include the true value of nature when rebuilding economies after coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398833", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319847, "title": "Special Issue: Digital Health in Times of COVID-19.", "journal": "OMICS", "authors": ["Ozdemir, Vural"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319847", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512587, "title": "Bleeding and Bleeding Risk in COVID-19.", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Dorgalaleh, Akbar"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512587", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400997, "title": "Esophageal detection method may be a good choice to confirm endotracheal tube placement for patients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Minerva Anestesiol", "authors": ["Wang, Yong", "Ma, Wu-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400997", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505246, "title": "Indigenous populations: left behind in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Curtice, Kaitlin", "Choo, Esther"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505246", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275073, "pmcid": "PMC7262116", "title": "Response to Ribeiro da Silva et al,\"Role of nonstructural proteins in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ciccozzi, Massimo", "Benvenuto, Domenico", "Giovanetti, Marta", "Bianchi, Martina", "Pascarella, Stefano", "Angeletti, Silvia"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275073", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405519, "pmcid": "PMC7217776", "title": "Just a little bit more patience....", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Montravers, Philippe", "de Tymowski, Christian", "Assadi, Maksud", "Yung, Sonia", "Kantor, Elie"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405519", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513811, "title": "Assessment and management of adults with asthma during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Beaney, Thomas", "Salman, David", "Samee, Tahseen", "Mak, Vincent"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513811", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498752, "title": "Public interest in preventative measures of COVID-19 associated with timely issuance of state-wide Stay-at-Home orders.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Greiner, Benjamin", "Ottwell, Ryan", "Vassar, Matt", "Hartwell, Micah"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One method of monitoring public preparedness is through measuring public interest in preventive measures. The objective of this study was to analyze public interest in COVID-19 preventive measures and to identify variables associated with timely Stay-At-Home (SAH) orders issued by Governors. State-level search volume was collected from Google Trends. Average preventative measure interest was calculated for the queries \"Hand Sanitizer\", \"Hand Washing\", \"Social Distancing\" and \"COVID Testing\". We then calculated the delay in state-wide SAH orders from March 1st, 2020 to the date of issuance and by-state presidential voting percentage. Bivariate correlations were computed to assess the relationship between interest in preventive measures and SAH order delay. The correlation between average preventative measure interest and length of time before a SAH order was placed was -0.47. Average preventive measure interest was also inversely related to voting for Republican presidential nominee in the 2016 election (R= -0.75); the latter of which was positively associated with longer delays in SAH orders (R= 0.48). States with greater public interest in COVID-19 preventive measures were inversely related to Governor issuance of timely SAH orders. Increasing public interest in preventive measures may slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by improving preparedness."}, {"pmid": 32454456, "title": "Endocrinology in the time of COVID-19: Diagnosis and Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.", "journal": "Eur J Endocrinol", "authors": ["Thangaratinam, Shakila", "Cooray, Shamil D", "Sukumar, Nithya", "Huda, Mohammed S", "Devlieger, Roland", "Benhalima, Katrien", "McAuliffe, Fionnuala", "Saravanan, Ponnusamy", "Teede, Helena"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454456", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has required rapid transformation and adaptation of healthcare services. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are one of the largest high-risk groups accessing antenatal care. In reformulating the care offered to those with GDM, there is a need to balance the sometimes competing requirement of lowering the risk of direct viral transmission against the potential adverse impact of service changes. We suggest pragmatic options for screening of GDM in a pandemic setting based on blood tests, and risk calculators applied to underlying risk factors. Alternative models for antenatal care provision for women with GDM, including targeting high-risk groups, early lifestyle interventions and remote monitoring are provided. Testing options and their timing for postpartum screening in women who had GDM are also considered. Our suggestions are only applicable in a pandemic scenario; usual guidelines and care pathways should be re-implemented as soon as possible and appropriate."}, {"pmid": 32530162, "title": "Exploring On-site Biological Evidence Collection during the Epidemic Period of COVID-19.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Lin, J F", "Song, D L", "Zheng, X K", "Pang, H B"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530162", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422181, "pmcid": "PMC7228686", "title": "Notes from the Eye of the Storm: Trainees at the Frontlines of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Berookhim, Joshua", "Correa, Ashish", "Tamis-Holland, Jacqueline E"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422181", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317345, "title": "Covid-19 and mental health: a transformational opportunity to apply an evidence-based approach to clinical practice and research.", "journal": "Evid Based Ment Health", "authors": ["Smith, Katharine", "Ostinelli, Edoardo", "Cipriani, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317345", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342126, "pmcid": "PMC7186113", "title": "COVID-19: A primer for Neuroradiologists.", "journal": "Neuroradiology", "authors": ["Mankad, Kshitij", "Perry, Michael D", "Mirsky, David M", "Rossi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342126", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The potential for central nervous system (CNS) involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a matter of grave concern and there is a relevant body of evidence in the basic sciences to support this possibility. A neuroradiologist should be aware of the potential mechanisms involved in the neuropathogenesis of this virus, as we begin to see cases with abnormal brain scans emerging from all parts of the world."}, {"pmid": 32345583, "title": "Risks to children and young people during covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Green, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345583", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471302, "title": "Spatial-Temporal Variations in Atmospheric Factors Contribute to SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Fronza, Raffaele", "Lusic, Marina", "Schmidt, Manfred", "Lucic, Bojana"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471302", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached over five million confirmed cases worldwide, and numbers are still growing at a fast rate. Despite the wide outbreak of the infection, a remarkable asymmetry is observed in the number of cases and in the distribution of the severity of the COVID-19 symptoms in patients with respect to the countries/regions. In the early stages of a new pathogen outbreak, it is critical to understand the dynamics of the infection transmission, in order to follow contagion over time and project the epidemiological situation in the near future. While it is possible to reason that observed variation in the number and severity of cases stems from the initial number of infected individuals, the difference in the testing policies and social aspects of community transmissions, the factors that could explain high discrepancy in areas with a similar level of healthcare still remain unknown. Here, we introduce a binary classifier based on an artificial neural network that can help in explaining those differences and that can be used to support the design of containment policies. We found that SARS-CoV-2 infection frequency positively correlates with particulate air pollutants, and specifically with particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), while ozone gas is oppositely related with the number of infected individuals. We propose that atmospheric air pollutants could thus serve as surrogate markers to complement the infection outbreak anticipation."}, {"pmid": 32463703, "title": "We're Not All in This Together: On COVID-19, Intersectionality, and Structural Inequality.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Bowleg, Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463703", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432433, "title": "Severity of COVID-19: The importance of being hypertensive.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Angeli, Fabio", "Masnaghetti, Sergio", "Visca, Dina", "Rossoni, Alessandra", "Taddeo, Sara", "Biagini, Filippo", "Verdecchia, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432433", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a cluster of pneumonia cases in China at the end of 2019. After few months, it led to a pandemic that has spread throughout most countries of the world (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html)."}, {"pmid": 32426560, "pmcid": "PMC7229720", "title": "Atypical COVID -19 presentation in patient undergoing staged TAAA repair.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech", "authors": ["Resch, Tim", "Vogt, Katja", "Md, Nikolaj Eldrup"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426560", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This report outlines a case of atypical presentation of Covid 19 viral infection. A 65-year old male was planned for a two staged repair of a Crawford type 3 thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. The first stage, TEVAR in descending aorta, was uneventful and patient was discharged on postoperative day 2. He was readmitted 10 days later, presenting with diarrhea, lower limb pain and weakness after 25 meters walking. The patient displayed no fever or upper respiratory tract signs or symptoms. Computer tomography and MR of the spinal cord were normal. Patient was tested positive for Covid 19 virus and later during hospitalization developed more typical fever and respiratory symptoms that were managed medically."}, {"pmid": 32528138, "title": "COVID-19 and the liver-related deaths to come.", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528138", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291207, "pmcid": "PMC7141178", "title": "Suspected myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19: Evidence from front-line clinical observation in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Deng, Qing", "Hu, Bo", "Zhang, Yao", "Wang, Hao", "Zhou, Xiaoyang", "Hu, Wei", "Cheng, Yuting", "Yan, Jie", "Ping, Haiqin", "Zhou, Qing"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291207", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan has caused an outbreak and become a major public health issue in China and great concern from international community. Myocarditis and myocardial injury were suspected and may even be considered as one of the leading causes for death of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we focused on the condition of the heart, and sought to provide firsthand evidence for whether myocarditis and myocardial injury were caused by COVID-19. We enrolled patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 retrospectively and collected heart-related clinical data, mainly including cardiac imaging findings, laboratory results and clinical outcomes. Serial tests of cardiac markers were traced for the analysis of potential myocardial injury/myocarditis. 112 COVID-19 patients were enrolled in our study. There was evidence of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients and 14 (12.5%) patients had presented abnormalities similar to myocarditis. Most of patients had normal levels of troponin at admission, that in 42 (37.5%) patients increased during hospitalization, especially in those that died. Troponin levels were significantly increased in the week preceding the death. 15 (13.4%) patients have presented signs of pulmonary hypertension. Typical signs of myocarditis were absent on echocardiography and electrocardiogram. The clinical evidence in our study suggested that myocardial injury is more likely related to systemic consequences rather than direct damage by the 2019 novel coronavirus. The elevation in cardiac markers was probably due to secondary and systemic consequences and can be considered as the warning sign for recent adverse clinical outcomes of the patients."}, {"pmid": 32315229, "title": "COVID-19 and the CRISPR Community Response.", "journal": "CRISPR J", "authors": ["Davies, Kevin", "Barrangou, Rodolphe"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315229", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292622, "pmcid": "PMC7102575", "title": "Preventing intra-hospital infection and transmission of COVID-19 in healthcare workers.", "journal": "Saf Health Work", "authors": ["Hoe Gan, Wee", "Wah Lim, John", "Koh, David"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292622", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses an occupational health risk to healthcare workers. Several thousand healthcare workers have already been infected, mainly in China. Preventing intra-hospital transmission of the communicable disease is therefore a priority. Based on the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model, the strategies and measures to protect healthcare workers in an acute tertiary hospital are described along the domains of work task, technologies and tools, work environmental factors, and organizational conditions. The principle of zero occupational infection remains an achievable goal that all healthcare systems need to strive for in the face of a potential pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32307956, "title": "[Ethical decision-making framework for the allocation of scarce mechanical ventilators during the COVID-19 crisis].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Peled Raz, Maya"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307956", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446500, "pmcid": "PMC7203042", "title": "Ultra-portable low-cost improvised powered air-purifying respirator: feasibility study.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Khoo, Deborah", "Yen, Ching-Chiuan", "Chow, Wai Tung", "Jain, Pravar", "Loh, Ne-Hooi Will", "Teo, Wei Wei", "Koh, Calvin"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446500", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478959, "title": "Topical rh-aFGF: An effective therapeutic agent for facemask wearing-induced pressure sores.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Luo, Pan", "Liu, Dong", "Li, Juan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478959", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Protecting healthcare workers is crucial during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and facemask wearing is considered an effective measure to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, long-time use of a facemask can cause pressure sores on the ears and nose bridge and increase the risk of infection. The topical recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor (rh-aFGF) was used to cure pressure sores for healthcare workers at Zhongfaxincheng campus of Tongji Hospital. The results from a small sample size survey conducted in Zhongfaxincheng campuses of Tongji Hospital showed that treatment with topical rh-aFGF could significantly inhibit the progression of pressure sores and accelerate the wound healing with no apparent ill-effects. Therefore, we propose that topical rh-aFGF is an effective therapeutic agent for facemask wearing-induced pressure sores and worth of popularizing and applying. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32348051, "title": "[Anosmia and COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Reinhard, Antoine", "Ikonomidis, Christos", "Broome, Martin", "Gorostidi, Francois"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348051", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Anosmia associated or not with dysgeusia seems to be a frequent symptom in cases of infection with SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19. It can be the initial symptom of the disease or remain isolated in pauci-symptomatic patients. Waiting for scientific confirmation and in the context of the current pandemic, it seems essential to consider any patient with a new anosmia as being infected with SARS-CoV-2 until proven otherwise. These patients should therefore isolate themselves and remain alert to the occurrence of other symptoms suggestive of the infection and/or be tested. Topical and systemic corticosteroids and nose washes are contraindicated. The natural course of anosmia seems to be favorable in most cases."}, {"pmid": 32346568, "pmcid": "PMC7178485", "title": "COVID-19 in Italy: Dataset of the Italian Civil Protection Department.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Italian Civil Protection Department", "Morettini, Micaela", "Sbrollini, Agnese", "Marcantoni, Ilaria", "Burattini, Laura"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346568", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The database here described contains data of integrated surveillance for the \"Coronavirus disease 2019\" (abbreviated as COVID-19 by the World Health Organization) in Italy, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The database, included in a main folder called COVID-19, has been designed and created by the Italian Civil Protection Department, which currently manages it. The database consists of six folders called 'aree' (containing charts of geographical areas interested by containment measures), 'dati-andamento-nazionale' (containing data relating to the national trend of SARS-CoV-2 spread), 'dati-json' (containing data that summarize the national, provincial and regional trends of SARS-CoV-2 spread), 'dati-province' (containing data relating to the provincial trend of SARS-CoV-2 spread), 'dati-regioni' (containing data relating to the regional trend of SARS-CoV-2 spread) and 'schede-riepilogative' (containing summary sheets relating to the provincial and regional trends of SARS-CoV-2 spread). The Italian Civil Protection Department daily receives data by the Italian Ministry of Health, analyzes them and updates the database. Thus, the database is subject to daily updates and integrations. The database is freely accessible (CC-BY-4.0 license) at https://github.com/pcm-dpc/COVID-19. This database is useful to provide insight on the spread mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, to support organizations in the evaluation of the efficiency of current prevention and control measures, and to support governments in the future prevention decisions."}, {"pmid": 32504761, "pmcid": "PMC7267792", "title": "Medical Waste Management Practice during the 2019-2020 Novel Coronavirus Pandemic: Experience in a General Hospital.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Peng, Jie", "Wu, Xunlian", "Wang, Rongli", "Li, Cui", "Zhang, Qing", "Wei, Daiqing"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504761", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is currently a critical period for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the medical waste disposal could be an important way to control the source of infection, standardization and strict implementation of the management of COVID-19 related medical waste should be with careful consideration to reduce the risk of epidemic within hospitals. This study illustrates the practice of medical waste disposal responding to the 2019-2020 novel coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32348989, "title": "Infection Control Measures for COVID-19 in the Labour Suite and Neonatal Unit.", "journal": "Neonatology", "authors": ["Ng, Pak Cheung"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348989", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333836, "pmcid": "PMC7181998", "title": "Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Engineered Human Tissues Using Clinical-Grade Soluble Human ACE2.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Monteil, Vanessa", "Kwon, Hyesoo", "Prado, Patricia", "Hagelkruys, Astrid", "Wimmer, Reiner A", "Stahl, Martin", "Leopoldi, Alexandra", "Garreta, Elena", "Hurtado Del Pozo, Carmen", "Prosper, Felipe", "Romero, Juan Pablo", "Wirnsberger, Gerald", "Zhang, Haibo", "Slutsky, Arthur S", "Conder, Ryan", "Montserrat, Nuria", "Mirazimi, Ali", "Penninger, Josef M"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333836", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have previously provided the first genetic evidence that angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the critical receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and ACE2 protects the lung from injury, providing a molecular explanation for the severe lung failure and death due to SARS-CoV infections. ACE2 has now also been identified as a key receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infections, and it has been proposed that inhibiting this interaction might be used in treating patients with COVID-19. However, it is not known whether human recombinant soluble ACE2 (hrsACE2) blocks growth of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show that clinical grade hrsACE2 reduced SARS-CoV-2 recovery from Vero cells by a factor of 1,000-5,000. An equivalent mouse rsACE2 had no effect. We also show that SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect engineered human blood vessel organoids and human kidney organoids, which can be inhibited by hrsACE2. These data demonstrate that hrsACE2 can significantly block early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32360317, "pmcid": "PMC7164878", "title": "CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Ferreli, Fabio", "Gaino, Francesca", "Cecconi, Maurizio", "Costantini, Elena", "Spriano, Giuseppe", "Mercante, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360317", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363809, "pmcid": "PMC7267242", "title": "Smell and taste symptom-based predictive model for COVID-19 diagnosis.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Roland, Lauren T", "Gurrola, Jose G 2nd", "Loftus, Patricia A", "Cheung, Steven W", "Chang, Jolie L"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363809", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The presentation of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) overlaps with common influenza symptoms. There is limited data on whether a specific symptom or collection of symptoms may be useful to predict test positivity. An anonymous electronic survey was publicized through social media to query participants with COVID-19 testing. Respondents were questioned regarding 10 presenting symptoms, demographic information, comorbidities, and COVID-19 test results. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify predictors for COVID-19 positivity. Selected classifiers were assessed for prediction performance using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A total of 145 participants with positive COVID-19 testing and 157 with negative results were included. Participants had a mean age of 39 years, and 214 (72%) were female. Smell or taste change, fever, and body ache were associated with COVID-19 positivity, and shortness of breath and sore throat were associated with a negative test result (p < 0.05). A model using all 5 diagnostic symptoms had the highest accuracy with a predictive ability of 82% in discriminating between COVID-19 results. To maximize sensitivity and maintain fair diagnostic accuracy, a combination of 2 symptoms, change in sense of smell or taste and fever was found to have a sensitivity of 70% and overall discrimination accuracy of 75%. Smell or taste change is a strong predictor for a COVID-19-positive test result. Using the presence of smell or taste change with fever, this parsimonious classifier correctly predicts 75% of COVID-19 test results. A larger cohort of respondents will be necessary to refine classifier performance."}, {"pmid": 32466164, "title": "The Mental Health Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Therapists.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yang, Seoyon", "Kwak, Sang Gyu", "Ko, Eun Jae", "Chang, Min Cheol"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466164", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We evaluated the mental health burden of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on physical therapists, including their stress and anxiety levels, who were at risk of developing psychological distress and other mental health symptoms. A questionnaire survey was conducted with physical therapists of three university hospitals in South Korea on 10 April 2020. The questionnaires evaluated the presence of anxiety and depression in the respondents. Among the 65 physical therapists who completed our survey, 21 (32.3%) and 12 (18.5%) physical therapists reported having symptoms of anxiety and depression, respectively. If a physical therapist was living with a \u22646-year-old infant or child, the possibility of the presence of anxiety was significantly higher. The risk of depression among those who were in their 30 s and 50 s was significantly higher than among those in their 20 s. Thus, physical therapists living with a \u22646-year-old infant or child and those in their 30 s and 50 s need special attention."}, {"pmid": 32493181, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical postgraduate training in the United States.", "journal": "Med Educ Online", "authors": ["Edigin, Ehizogie", "Eseaton, Precious Obehi", "Shaka, Hafeez", "Ojemolon, Pius Ehiremen", "Asemota, Iriagbonse Rotimi", "Akuna, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493181", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308272, "pmcid": "PMC7161346", "title": "Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): Leveraging Telemedicine to Optimize Care While Minimizing Exposures and Viral Transmission.", "journal": "J Emerg Trauma Shock", "authors": ["Chauhan, Vivek", "Galwankar, Sagar", "Arquilla, Bonnie", "Garg, Manish", "Somma, Salvatore Di", "El-Menyar, Ayman", "Krishnan, Vimal", "Gerber, Joel", "Holland, Reuben", "Stawicki, Stanislaw P"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424489, "title": "Data Analysis of Infection Rates Among Exposed Healthcare Workers Could Reveal Effective Prophylactics Against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Adv Exp Med Biol", "authors": ["Nunez-Mujica, Guido", "Kichuk, Therese", "Carrasco-Lopez, Cesar"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424489", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global crisis provoked by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and the economic and social consequences associated to the essential policies applied to contain it, necessitates the expedited development of therapeutic solutions. It is a priority to produce data both rapidly and accurately in order to identify current therapies that can be repurposed to offer protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. As healthcare workers are both at high risk for infection and able to be readily diagnosed, they offer a potential wealth of data to be analyzed. A systematic data analysis of exposure and infection rates among healthcare workers could yield patterns identifying common protective factors, such as medications with prophylactic potential against SARS-CoV-2, that can be fast-tracked into available therapies. With results suggesting their activity against other coronaviruses and their widespread adoption, Antiretroviral cocktails could be a promising initial target for such large-scale data analysis approach."}, {"pmid": 32504449, "pmcid": "PMC7274566", "title": "Diagnosis of venous and arterial thromboembolic events in COVID-19 virus-infected patients.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Betoule, Anna", "Martinet, Camille", "Gasperini, Guillaume", "Muller, Pauline", "Foucher, Stephane", "Benner, Patrick", "Renard, Aurelien"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504449", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393966, "pmcid": "PMC7239128", "title": "Not all world leaders use Twitter in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: impact of the way of Angela Merkel on psychological distress, behaviour and risk perception.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Teufel, Martin", "Schweda, Adam", "Dorrie, Nora", "Musche, Venja", "Hetkamp, Madeleine", "Weismuller, Benjamin", "Lenzen, Henrike", "Stettner, Mark", "Kohler, Hannah", "Bauerle, Alexander", "Skoda, Eva-Maria"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393966", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At a time of growing governmental restrictions and 'physical distancing' in order to decelerate the spread of COVID-19, psychological challenges are increasing. Social media plays an important role in maintaining social contact as well as exerting political influence. World leaders use it not only to keep citizens informed but also to boost morale and manage people's fears. However, some leaders do not follow this approach; an example is the German Chancellor. In a large online survey, we aimed to determine levels of COVID-19 fear, generalized anxiety, depression, safety behaviour, trust in government and risk perception in Germany. A total of 12\u00a0244 respondents participated during the period of restraint and the public shutdown in March 2020. Concurrent with the German Chancellor's speech, a reduction of anxiety and depression was noticeable in the German population. It appears that, in addition to using social media platforms like Twitter, different-and sometimes more conservative-channels for providing information can also be effective."}, {"pmid": 32360083, "pmcid": "PMC7195129", "title": "Modulation of Hb-O2 affinity to improve hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Woyke, Simon", "Rauch, Simon", "Strohle, Mathias", "Gatterer, Hannes"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360083", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This opinion paper aims at discussing the potential impact of modulating the Hb-O2 affinity by the nutritional supplement 5-HMF on patients affected by COVID-19. The paper describes the critical role of the oxygen affinity in hypoxemic COVID-19 patients and the potential positive effect of 5-HMF, a compound shown to increase the Hb-O2 affinity."}, {"pmid": 32422054, "title": "Web Exclusive. Annals On Call - Clinical Reasoning and Testing for COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Centor, Robert M", "Geha, Rabih", "Manesh, Reza"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422054", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428809, "pmcid": "PMC7217113", "title": "Cytokine Storm: Is it the only major death factor in COVID-19 patients? Coagulation role.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Magro, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428809", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449265, "pmcid": "PMC7267080", "title": "Apremilast as a potential treatment option for COVID-19: no symptoms of infection in a psoriatic patient.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Yu Olisova, O", "Anpilogova, E M", "Svistunova, D A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449265", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459667, "pmcid": "PMC7273948", "title": "Considerations for Pediatric Heart Programs during Coronavirus Disease 2019: Recommendations from the Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Faraoni, David", "Caplan, Lisa A", "DiNardo, James A", "Guzzetta, Nina A", "Miller-Hance, Wanda C", "Latham, Gregory", "Momeni, Mona", "Nicolson, Susan C", "Spaeth, James P", "Taylor, Katherine", "Twite, Mark", "Vener, David F", "Zabala, Luis", "Nasr, Viviane G"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459667", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480061, "pmcid": "PMC7263276", "title": "Increased ozone levels during the COVID-19 lockdown: Analysis for the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Siciliano, Bruno", "Dantas, Guilherme", "da Silva, Cleyton M", "Arbilla, Graciela"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480061", "countries": ["Brazil"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first COVID-19 case in Brazil was confirmed on February 25, 2020. Partial lockdown measures came into force in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on March 23. While CO and NO2 levels showed significant reductions, PM10 levels were only reduced in the first partial lockdown week. By contrast, ozone levels increased in all studied locations. In this study, the factors leading to this behavior were analyzed. Monitoring data obtained at two automatic monitoring stations showed higher ratios between non-methane hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides (NMHC/NOx) during the partial lockdown (up to 37.3%). The increase in ozone concentrations during the social distancing measures could be attributed to the increase in NMHC/NOx ratios since atmospheric chemistry in Rio de Janeiro is under VOC-controlled conditions. However, the increase was higher when air masses arrived from the industrial areas, not only because of the higher NMHC/NOx ratios, but also because the reactivity of VOC was highly increased by these air masses, which are rich in aromatic compounds."}, {"pmid": 32301632, "title": "Reply to \"CT Is Not a Screening Tool for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia\".", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Lin, Yueli", "Zhao, Wei", "Liu, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301632", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399845, "pmcid": "PMC7217616", "title": "Are Patients Suffering from Severe Obesity Getting a Raw Deal During COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Bhasker, Aparna Govil", "Greve, Jan Willem"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399845", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426441, "pmcid": "PMC7230138", "title": "Prioritisation of ICU treatments for critically ill patients in a COVID-19 pandemic with scarce resources.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Leclerc, Thomas", "Donat, Nicolas", "Donat, Alexis", "Pasquier, Pierre", "Libert, Nicolas", "Schaeffer, Elodie", "D'Aranda, Erwan", "Cotte, Jean", "Fontaine, Bruno", "Perrigault, Pierre-Francois", "Michel, Fabrice", "Muller, Laurent", "Meaudre, Eric", "Veber, Benoit"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426441", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Relying on capacity increases and patient transfers to deal with the huge and continuous inflow of COVID-19 critically ill patients is a strategy limited by finite human and logistical resources. Prioritising both critical care initiation and continuation is paramount to save the greatest number of lives. It enables to allocate scarce resources in priority to those with the highest probability of benefiting from them. It is fully ethical provided it relies on objective and widely shared criteria, thus preventing arbitrary decisions and guaranteeing equity. Prioritisation seeks to fairly allocate treatments, maximise saved lives, gain indirect life benefits from prioritising exposed healthcare and similar workers, give priority to those most penalised as a last resort, and apply similar prioritisation schemes to all patients. Prioritisation schemes and their criteria are adjusted to the level of resource scarcity: strain (level A) or saturation (level B). Prioritisation yields a four level priority for initiation or continuation of critical care: P1-high priority, P2-intermediate priority, P3-not needed, P4-not appropriate. Prioritisation schemes take into account the patient's wishes, clinical frailty, pre-existing chronic condition, along with severity and evolution of acute condition. Initial priority level must be reassessed, at least after 48h once missing decision elements are available, at the typical turning point in the disease's natural history (ICU days 7 to 10 for COVID-19), and each time resource scarcity levels change. For treatments to be withheld or withdrawn, a collegial decision-making process and information of patient and/or next of kin are paramount. Prioritisation strategy is bound to evolve with new knowledge and with changes within the epidemiological situation."}, {"pmid": 32327413, "title": "Genetic Roadmap for Kidney Involvement of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Zhang, Yue-Miao", "Zhang, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327413", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512826, "title": "The Prevention and Management of COVID-19: Seeking a Practical and Timely Solution.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Jindal, Charulata", "Kumar, Sandeep", "Sharma, Sunil", "Choi, Yuk Ming", "Efird, Jimmy T"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512826", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interest several manuscripts recently published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) on the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. While these articles provide a well-rounded overview on the risk and current status of this virus, we herein add some relevant information on its etiology, prevention and management, especially for resource-limited healthcare systems. The use of protective actions is both complex and expensive. Affordable options are essential to respond to this and future viral outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32420935, "title": "WHO International Health Regulations (IHR) vs COVID-19 Uncertainty.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Stuckelberger, Astrid", "Urbina, Manuel"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420935", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One of WHO primary function is to control and monitor internationally the spread of infectious diseases of the common killers. After SARS-COV, the International Health Regulations (IHR) was adopted in 2005 by all 194 member states to set up national preparedness for an efficient \"early alert and response system\". COVID-19 is a novel virus with an unpredictable course and many uncertainties about its biological, clinical and epidemiological characteristics. COVID-19 is a game changer and calls for a revision of IHR as well as a more biological, clinical and community-cantered preparedness strategy."}, {"pmid": 32118533, "pmcid": "PMC7258480", "title": "COVID-19 in 2 Persons with Mild Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms on a Cruise Ship, Japan.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Arashiro, Takeshi", "Furukawa, Keiichi", "Nakamura, Akira"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118533", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe 2 cases of coronavirus disease in patients with mild upper respiratory symptoms. Both patients worked on a cruise ship quarantined off the coast of Japan. One patient had persistent, low-grade upper respiratory tract symptoms without fever. The other patient had rapid symptom cessation but persistent viral RNA detection."}, {"pmid": 32425470, "pmcid": "PMC7227566", "title": "Altered Mental Status as a Novel Initial Clinical Presentation for COVID-19 Infection in the Elderly.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Ward, Christine F", "Figiel, Gary S", "McDonald, William M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425470", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease of 2019 or COVID-19 was first identified in Hubei Province in China in November of 2019 and quickly spread to become a global pandemic. The virus, SARS-Coronavirus-2 (2-SARS-CoV-2), is particularly virulent in the elderly who can develop symptoms and become mortally ill within days of contracting the virus. The virus is easily transmitted by droplets (e.g., sneezing, coughing) and communal living settings such as personal care homes can be vulnerable to the spread of the virus. Identifying patients early in the disease process is important to providing appropriate medical interventions. To date, most of the medical literature, including Center for Disease Control guidelines, has relied on three necessary symptoms in making the diagnosis of COVID-19: fever, cough and shortness of breath. We present four cases of elderly patients who developed altered mental status as their presenting symptom without associated fever or respiratory symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32175637, "pmcid": "PMC7228265", "title": "Clinical features of deaths in the novel coronavirus epidemic in China.", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Leung, Char"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175637", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the recent novel coronavirus outbreak originating in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, observations concerning novel coronavirus mortality are of urgent public health importance. The present work presents the first review of the fatal novel coronavirus cases in China. Clinical data of fatal cases published by the Chinese Government were studied. As of 2 February 2020, the clinical data of 46 fatal cases were identified. The case fatality rate was significantly higher in Hubei province than the rest of China. While 67% of all deceased patients were male, gender was unlikely to be associated with mortality. Diabetes was likely to be associated with mortality. There is, however, not yet sufficient evidence to support the association between hypertension and mortality as similar prevalence of hypertension was also observed in the Hubei population."}, {"pmid": 32350006, "title": "Covid-19: Scotland recommends face coverings, but England does not follow suit.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350006", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401274, "pmcid": "PMC7221856", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Rates in BCG-Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Young Adults.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Hamiel, Uri", "Kozer, Eran", "Youngster, Ilan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401274", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32194152, "pmcid": "PMC7156117", "title": "Aminoquinolines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Sahraei, Zahra", "Shabani, Minoosh", "Shokouhi, Shervin", "Saffaei, Ali"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194152", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372026, "pmcid": "PMC7199650", "title": "Impact of corticosteroid therapy on outcomes of persons with SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, or MERS-CoV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Li, Huan", "Chen, Chongxiang", "Hu, Fang", "Wang, Jiaojiao", "Zhao, Qingyu", "Gale, Robert Peter", "Liang, Yang"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372026", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We performed a meta-analysis to determine safety and efficacy of corticosteroids in SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV infections. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, WanFang Chinese database, and ZhiWang Chinese database using Boolean operators and search terms covering SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, OR MERS-CoV AND corticosteroids to find appropriate studies. Review Manager 5.3 was used to analyze results of meta-analysis. Observational studies were analyzed for quality using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale and randomized clinical trials, using the Jadad scale. Subjects were divided into those with severe-only and other (severe and not severe) cohorts based on published criteria. Efficacy endpoints studied included mortality, hospitalization duration, rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, use of mechanical ventilation, and a composite endpoint (death, ICU admission, or mechanical ventilation). We included 11 reports including 10 cohort studies and 1 randomized clinical trial involving 5249 subjects (2003-2020). Two discussed the association of corticosteroids and virus clearing and 10 explored how corticosteroids\u00a0impacted mortality, hospitalization duration, use of mechanical ventilation, and a composite endpoint. Corticosteroid use was associated with delayed virus clearing with a mean difference (MD)\u2009=\u20093.78 days (95% confidence Interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.16, 6.41 days; I2\u2009=\u20090%). There was no significant reduction in deaths with relative Risk Ratio (RR)\u2009=\u20091.07 (90% CI\u2009=\u20090.81; 1.42; I2\u2009=\u200980%). Hospitalization duration was prolonged and use of mechanical ventilation increased. In conclusion, corticosteroid use in subjects with SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV infections delayed virus clearing and did not convincingly improve survival, reduce hospitalization duration or ICU admission rate\u00a0and/or use of mechanical ventilation. There were several adverse effects. Because of a preponderance of observational studies in the dataset and selection and publication biases our conclusions, especially regarding SARS-CoV-2, need confirmation in a randomized clinical trial. In the interim we suggest caution using corticosteroids in persons with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32502702, "pmcid": "PMC7265859", "title": "An Invited Commentary on Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice- -Part 1.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Abbaszadeh-Kasbi, Ali"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502702", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403182, "pmcid": "PMC7272921", "title": "How to Effectively Support Patients with Rheumatic Conditions Now and Beyond COVID-19.", "journal": "ACR Open Rheumatol", "authors": ["Decary, Simon", "Barton, Jennifer L", "Proulx, Laurie", "Richards, Dawn P", "Paterson, Gail", "de Wit, Maarten", "Toupin-April, Karine"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403182", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "May 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold. Governments are investing in public health, clinical and research efforts to avoid the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, reduce the number of deaths and prevent the collapse of health care systems. However, this pandemic will have unprecedented consequences for people who live with chronic conditions for the months and even years to come without coordinated actions."}, {"pmid": 32298732, "pmcid": "PMC7153520", "title": "PCCM at the Battlefront Against COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Wu, Sinan", "Qiao, Renli", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298732", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367527, "pmcid": "PMC7262013", "title": "Reorganization of a large academic hospital to face COVID-19 outbreak: The model of Parma, Emilia-Romagna region, Italy.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Meschi, Tiziana", "Rossi, Sandra", "Volpi, Annalisa", "Ferrari, Carlo", "Sverzellati, Nicola", "Brianti, Ettore", "Fabi, Massimo", "Nouvenne, Antonio", "Ticinesi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367527", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396997, "pmcid": "PMC7272864", "title": "First Impressions of Performing Bedside Cognitive Assessment of COVID-19 Inpatients.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Coetzer, Rudi"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437712, "pmcid": "PMC7211716", "title": "GUIDANCE FOR RESUMING GI ENDOSCOPY AND PRACTICE OPERATIONS AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Hennessy, Bruce", "Vicari, Joseph", "Bernstein, Brett", "Chapman, Frank", "Khaykis, Inessa", "Littenberg, Glenn", "Robbins, David"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437712", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449121, "pmcid": "PMC7245638", "title": "Detailed hemodynamics of fulminant myocarditis caused by COVID-19.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Imamura, Teruhiko"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449121", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520158, "title": "Recommendations for radiotherapy during the novel coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)", "authors": ["Starling, Maria Thereza Mansur", "Silva, Alice Roxo Nobre de Souza E", "Pereira, Ana Paula Alves", "Ferreira Neto, David Rodrigues", "Restini, Felipe Cicci Farinha", "Brito, Leticia Hernandes de", "Souza, Tomas Yokoo Teodoro de", "Hanna, Samir Abdallah"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520158", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410196, "pmcid": "PMC7224128", "title": "Elective, Non-urgent Procedures and Aesthetic Surgery in the Wake of SARS-COVID-19: Considerations Regarding Safety, Feasibility and Impact on Clinical Management.", "journal": "Aesthetic Plast Surg", "authors": ["Kaye, K", "Paprottka, F", "Escudero, R", "Casabona, G", "Montes, J", "Fakin, R", "Moke, L", "Stasch, T", "Richter, D", "Benito-Ruiz, J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410196", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide spread of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to a near total stop of non-urgent, elective surgeries across all specialties in most affected countries. In the field of aesthetic surgery, the self-imposed moratorium for all aesthetic surgery procedures recommended by most international scientific societies has been adopted by many surgeons worldwide and resulted in a huge socioeconomic impact for most private practices and clinics. An important question still unanswered in most countries is when and how should elective/aesthetic procedures be scheduled again and what kind of organizational changes are necessary to protect patients and healthcare workers when clinics and practices reopen. Defining manageable, evidence-based protocols for testing, surgical/procedural risk mitigation and clinical flow management/contamination management will be paramount for the safety of non-urgent surgical procedures. We conducted a MEDLINE/PubMed research for all available publications on COVID-19 and surgery and COVID-19 and anesthesia. Articles and referenced literature describing possible procedural impact factors leading to exacerbation of the clinical evolution of COVID-19-positive patients were identified to perform risk stratification for elective surgery. Based on these impact factors, considerations for patient selection, choice of procedural complexity, duration of procedure, type of anesthesia, etc., are discussed in this article and translated into algorithms for surgical/anesthesia risk management and clinical management. Current recommendations and published protocols on contamination control, avoidance of cross-contamination and procedural patient flow are reviewed. A COVID-19 testing guideline protocol for patients planning to undergo elective aesthetic surgery is presented and recommendations are made regarding adaptation of current patient information/informed consent forms and patient health questionnaires. The COVID-19 crisis has led to unprecedented challenges in the acute management of the crisis, and the wave only recently seems to flatten out in some countries. The adaptation of surgical and procedural steps for a risk-minimizing management of potential COVID-19-positive patients seeking to undergo elective aesthetic procedures in the wake of that wave will present the next big challenge for the aesthetic surgery community. We propose a clinical algorithm to enhance patient safety in elective surgery in the context of COVID-19 and to minimize cross-contamination between healthcare workers and patients. New evidence-based guidelines regarding surgical risk stratification, testing, and clinical flow management/contamination management are proposed. We believe that only the continuous development and broad implementation of guidelines like the ones proposed in this paper will allow an early reintegration of all aesthetic procedures into the scope of surgical care currently performed and to prepare the elective surgical specialties better for a possible second wave of the pandemic. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266."}, {"pmid": 32320508, "pmcid": "PMC7264557", "title": "Acute-onset smell and taste disorders in the context of COVID-19: a pilot multicentre polymerase chain reaction based case-control study.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Beltran-Corbellini, A", "Chico-Garcia, J L", "Martinez-Poles, J", "Rodriguez-Jorge, F", "Natera-Villalba, E", "Gomez-Corral, J", "Gomez-Lopez, A", "Monreal, E", "Parra-Diaz, P", "Cortes-Cuevas, J L", "Galan, J C", "Fragola-Arnau, C", "Porta-Etessam, J", "Masjuan, J", "Alonso-Canovas, A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320508", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Specific respiratory tract infections, including COVID-19, may cause smell and/or taste disorders (STDs) with increased frequency. The aim was to determine whether new-onset STDs are more frequent amongst COVID-19 patients than influenza patients. This was a case-control study including hospitalized patients of two tertiary care centres. Consecutive patients positive for COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (cases) and patients positive for influenza polymerase chain reaction (historical control sample) were assessed during specific periods, employing a self-reported STD questionnaire. Seventy-nine cases and 40 controls were included. No significant differences were found in basal features between the two groups. New-onset STDs were significantly more frequent amongst cases (31, 39.2%) than in the control group (5, 12.5 %) [adjusted odds ratio 21.4 (2.77-165.4, P\u00a0=\u00a00.003)]. COVID-19 patients with new-onset STDs were significantly younger than COVID-19 patients without STDs (52.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.2 vs. 67.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015.1, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Amongst COVID-19 patients who presented STDs, 22 (70.9%) recalled an acute onset and it was an initial manifestation in 11 (35.5%). Twenty-five (80.6%) presented smell disorders (mostly anosmia, 14, 45.2%) and 28 (90.3%) taste disorders (mostly ageusia, 14, 45.2%). Only four (12.9 %) reported concomitant nasal obstruction. The mean duration of STD was 7.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.2\u00a0days and 12 patients (40%) manifested complete recovery after 7.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.3\u00a0days of onset. New-onset STDs were significantly more frequent amongst COVID-19 patients than influenza patients; they usually had an acute onset and were commonly an initial manifestation. The use of STD assessment in anamnesis as a hint for COVID-19 and to support individuals' self-isolation in the current epidemic context is suggested."}, {"pmid": 32350060, "pmcid": "PMC7199529", "title": "Changes in contact patterns shape the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Zhang, Juanjuan", "Litvinova, Maria", "Liang, Yuxia", "Wang, Yan", "Wang, Wei", "Zhao, Shanlu", "Wu, Qianhui", "Merler, Stefano", "Viboud, Cecile", "Vespignani, Alessandro", "Ajelli, Marco", "Yu, Hongjie"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350060", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Intense non-pharmaceutical interventions were put in place in China to stop transmission of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). As transmission intensifies in other countries, the interplay between age, contact patterns, social distancing, susceptibility to infection, and COVID-19 dynamics remains unclear. To answer these questions, we analyze contact surveys data for Wuhan and Shanghai before and during the outbreak and contact tracing information from Hunan Province. Daily contacts were reduced 7-8-fold during the COVID-19 social distancing period, with most interactions restricted to the household. We find that children 0-14 years are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than adults 15-64 years of age (odds ratio 0.34, 95%CI 0.24-0.49), while in contrast, individuals over 65 years are more susceptible to infection (odds ratio 1.47, 95%CI: 1.12-1.92). Based on these data, we build a transmission model to study the impact of social distancing and school closure on transmission. We find that social distancing alone, as implemented in China during the outbreak, is sufficient to control COVID-19. While proactive school closures cannot interrupt transmission on their own, they can reduce peak incidence by 40-60% and delay the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32311043, "pmcid": "PMC7188117", "title": "'COVID-19 Pandemic' Anxiety induced Tako-tsubo Cardiomyopathy.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Chadha, Sameer"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311043", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492105, "title": "A Randomized Trial of Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19-Potentially Hopeful Signals.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Casadevall, Arturo", "Joyner, Michael J", "Pirofski, Liise-Anne"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492105", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229574, "pmcid": "PMC7165470", "title": "News Feature: Avoiding pitfalls in the pursuit of a COVID-19 vaccine.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Peeples, Lynne"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229574", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523080, "title": "The 2020 coronavirus lockdown and seismic monitoring of anthropic activities in Northern Italy.", "journal": "Sci Rep", "authors": ["Poli, Piero", "Boaga, Jacopo", "Molinari, Irene", "Cascone, Valeria", "Boschi, Lapo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523080", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March/April 2020 the Italian government drastically reduced vehicle traffic and interrupted all non-essential industrial activities over the entire national territory. Italy thus became the first country in the world, with the exception of Hubei, to enact lockdown measures as a consequence of the COVID-19 outbreak and the need to contain it. Italy is also a seismically active area, and as such is monitored by a dense permanent network of seismic stations. We analyse continuous seismic data from many stations in northern and central Italy, and quantify the impact of the lockdown on seismic ambient noise, as a function of time and location. We find that the lockdown reduces ambient noise significantly in the 1-10\u2009Hz frequency range; because natural sources of seismic noise are not affected by the lockdown, the seismic signature of anthropic noise can be characterised with unprecedented clarity, by simply comparing the signal recorded before and after the lockdown. Our results correlate well with independent evaluations of the impact of the lockdown (e.g., cell phone displacements), and we submit that ambient-noise seismology is a useful tool to monitor containment measures such as the coronavirus lockdowns."}, {"pmid": 32508329, "title": "COVID-19 in Refractory Myasthenia Gravis- A Case Report of Successful Outcome.", "journal": "J Neuromuscul Dis", "authors": ["Ramaswamy, Swathi Beladakere", "Govindarajan, Raghav"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508329", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a brief report of a patient who has refractory Myasthenia Gravis, on multiple long-term immunosuppressive therapies and contracted COVID-19 during this 2020 pandemic. She was quarantined for total of 14 days and recovered successfully without any complications (no myasthenia exacerbation or crisis, no COVID-19 related complications), with no changes to her immunosuppressive therapy. Treatment of MG patients with COVID-19 needs to be tailored to individual patient."}, {"pmid": 32292802, "pmcid": "PMC7138902", "title": "Emergence of deadly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 during 2019-2020.", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Islam, Arshi", "Ahmed, Anwar", "Naqvi, Irshad H", "Parveen, Shama"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292802", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Wuhan, the city in Hubei province in China is in the focus of global community due to the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused\u00a0by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), formerly known as 2019-nCoV. The virus emerged in humans from Wuhan seafood market probably via zoonotic transmission. Within a few days the virus spread its tentacles rapidly to neighboring cities in China and to different geographical regions through travelers and to some extent by human to human transmission leading to significant disease burden globally. More than 2,00,000 people (including more than 8000 deaths) have been infected with this respiratory illness across 167 countries and territories\u00a0worldwide\u00a0leading to a pandemic. The present review provides an outline about emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 from Wuhan, China in 2019-2020. We have also provided information about the classification, genome, proteins, clinical presentation of COVID-19, type of clinical specimens to be collected and diagnostic methods adopted to identify the respiratory illness. In addition we have also provided information about transmission dynamics, prevention measures and treatment options that are available at the present. Subsequently, we have given a comprehensive overview of the spread of this infection from China to the other parts of the globe. Management of the ongoing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 encompassing surveillance, clinical, immunological, genetic and evolutionary investigations are likely to provide the desired results. Joint efforts of global scientific community are needed at this hour in terms of enhancement of research on development of accurate diagnostics, antiviral therapeutics and finally into formation of an effective vaccine against the emerging novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32291858, "pmcid": "PMC7262269", "title": "Waiting for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Paediatr Child Health", "authors": ["Francis, Trudy J"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291858", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I wrote this as a narrative piece for school, but it is a very honest description of how I'm feeling at this time. I just wanted to reassure people that I am ok. For anyone else who is feeling the same as I am, it's ok. I think it is good for us to be honest about how we are feeling, and it is perfectly reasonable for us to feel confusion during this time. I also think it is good for us to not let any anxiety overwhelm us. So let it out. Talk to someone. Write it down. And breathe. For me, watching the sunrise this morning was a good way to focus on something other than the chaos, other than my feelings."}, {"pmid": 32522684, "title": "Inimical effects of COVID-19 on surgical residency: Correspondence.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Yelamanchi, Raghav", "Gupta, Nikhil", "Durga, C K"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522684", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346679, "pmcid": "PMC7118363", "title": "Editorial: Geriatric medicine in Italy in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Cesari, M", "Proietti, M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346679", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469074, "title": "Paying Participants in COVID-19 Trials.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Largent, Emily A", "Lynch, Holly Fernandez"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469074", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A variety of trials are in development and underway to examine potential interventions for the treatment and prophylaxis of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). How should we think about offering payment to participants in these trials? Payment for research participation is ethically contentious even under ideal circumstances, and pandemics are far from ideal. Here, we review the three functions of research payment-reimbursement, compensation, and incentive-and identify heightened and novel ethical concerns in the context of a global pandemic. We argue that COVID-19 trial participants should usually be offered reimbursement for research-related expenses, as well as compensation for their time and effort, as is true for other types of research under usual circumstances. Given increased risk of undue influence against pandemic background conditions, incentive payment should be avoided unless essential to recruitment and retention in important trials whose social value outweighs this risk. Where essential, however, incentives can be ethically permissible, so long as reasonable efforts are made to minimize the possibility of undue influence."}, {"pmid": 32328716, "pmcid": "PMC7179372", "title": "COVID-19-What we know and what we need to know: There are more questions than answers.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Maisch, Bernhard", "Dorr, Rolf"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328716", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277967, "pmcid": "PMC7141628", "title": "Serum Amyloid A is a biomarker of severe Coronavirus Disease and poor prognosis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Li, Huan", "Xiang, Xiaochen", "Ren, Hongwei", "Xu, Lingli", "Zhao, Lisha", "Chen, Xiaoqiong", "Long, Hui", "Wang, Qiang", "Wu, Qingming"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277967", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the significance of SAA in evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. A total of 132 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to a designated COVID-19 hospital in Wuhan, China from January 18, 2020 to February 26, 2020 were collected. The dynamic changes of blood SAA, CRP, PCT, WBC, Lymphocyte (L), PLT, CT imaging, and disease progression were studied. All patients completed at least twice laboratory data collection and clinical condition assessment at three time points indicated for this study; The length of hospital stay was longer than 14 days prior to February 26, 2020. COVID-19 patients had significantly increased SAA and CRP levels, while L count decreased, and PCT, WBC, and PLT were in the normal range. As disease progressed from mild to critically severe, SAA and CRP gradually increased, while L decreased, and PLT, WBC, and PCT had no significant changes; ROC curve analysis suggests that SAA/L, CRP, SAA, and L count are valuable in evaluating the severity of COVID-19 and distinguishing critically ill patients from mild ones; Patients with SAA consistently trending down during the course of disease have better prognosis, compared with the patients with SAA continuously rising; The initial SAA level is positively correlated with the dynamic changes of the serial CT scans. Patient with higher initial SAA level are more likely to have poor CT imaging. SAA and L are sensitive indicators in evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. Monitoring dynamic changes of SAA, combined with CT imaging could be valuable in diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32291968, "pmcid": "PMC7262202", "title": "Recommendations of individualized medical treatment and common adverse events management for lung cancer patients during the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Thorac Cancer", "authors": ["Zhao, Zhe", "Bai, Hua", "Duan, Jianchun", "Wang, Jie"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291968", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its outbreak in December 2019 in China, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly spread and affected several countries. It has resulted in a difficult situation for cancer patients owing to the risks of the epidemic situation outbreak as well as cancer. Patients with cancer are more likely than the general population to contract COVID-19 because of the systemic immunosuppressive status caused by malignant diseases or anticancer treatment. Lung cancer has the highest morbidity and mortality in China and the world. Most patients with lung cancer are smokers with poor underlying lung conditions and low immunity, thus it is vital to protect them from epidemic diseases during cancer treatment. It is necessary to provide individualized medical treatment and management of treatment-related adverse events for patients with lung cancer based on patients' conditions and regional epidemic patterns. KEY POINTS: Significant findings of the study During the outbreak of COVID-19, taking patients' conditions and regional epidemic patterns into consideration, providing appropriate individualized treatment strategies for lung cancer patients with different stages is an urgent requirement. What this study adds Based on the characteristics of lung cancer, this article aims to provide recommendations and suggestions of individualized treatment strategies and management of common adverse events for patients with lung cancer during the epidemic period of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32221117, "pmcid": "PMC7188030", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak and Surgical Practice: Unexpected Fatality in Perioperative Period.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Aminian, Ali", "Safari, Saeed", "Razeghian-Jahromi, Abdolali", "Ghorbani, Mohammad", "Delaney, Conor P"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221117", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": Little is known about surgical practice in the initial phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global crisis. This is a retrospective case series of 4 surgical patients (cholecystectomy, hernia repair, gastric bypass, and hysterectomy) who developed perioperative complications in the first few weeks of COVID-19 outbreak in Tehran, Iran in the month of February 2020. COVID-19 can complicate the perioperative course with diagnostic challenge and a high potential fatality rate. In locations with widespread infections and limited resources, the risk of elective surgical procedures for index patient and community may outweigh the benefit."}, {"pmid": 32438945, "title": "Psychiatrist experience of remote consultations by telephone in an outpatient psychiatric department during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Olwill, C", "Mc Nally, D", "Douglas, L"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438945", "countries": ["Ireland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a shift globally from face-to-face consultations to remote consultations. In our department, remote consultations have taken in the form of telephone consultations. In this paper, we set out to study a group of Irish psychiatrists' experience of these consultations. We identified recurrent themes in the existing literature on doctors' experience of telephone consultations with a view to determining the applicability of these themes to a group of Irish psychiatrists. A questionnaire was developed based on themes in the literature. This was sent to all psychiatrists working in a busy psychiatric service in Dublin. The questionnaire response rate was 72% (n = 26/35). Diagnostic challenges, the effect of phone consultation on the therapeutic alliance, challenges associated with the use of technology and ethical concerns were identified as issues. Flexibility in the working day and convenience were identified as possible benefits to telephone consultations. The group that participated in this research study identified a number of challenges to carrying out successful phone consultations. This study highlights the need at our clinical site for interventions to address the issues identified by staff. The findings also highlight the requirement for larger studies with stronger methodologies to determine the generalisability of our results."}, {"pmid": 32433300, "pmcid": "PMC7268852", "title": "Domestic Violence and Safe Storage of Firearms in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Duncan, Thomas K", "Weaver, Jessica L", "Zakrison, Tanya L", "Joseph, Bellal", "Campbell, Brendan T", "Christmas, A Britton", "Stewart, Ronald M", "Kuhls, Deborah A", "Bulger, Eileen M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433300", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232648, "pmcid": "PMC7105967", "title": "Diagnostic performance of chest CT to differentiate COVID-19 pneumonia in non-high-epidemic area in Japan.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Himoto, Yuki", "Sakata, Akihiko", "Kirita, Mitsuhiro", "Hiroi, Takashi", "Kobayashi, Ken-Ichiro", "Kubo, Kenji", "Kim, Hyunjin", "Nishimoto, Azusa", "Maeda, Chikara", "Kawamura, Akira", "Komiya, Nobuhiro", "Umeoka, Shigeaki"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232648", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the diagnostic performance of chest CT to differentiate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in non-high-epidemic area in Japan. This retrospective study included 21 patients clinically suspected COVID-19 pneumonia and underwent chest CT more than 3\u00a0days after the symptom onset: six patients confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 15 patients proved uninfected. Using a Likert scale and its receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, two radiologists (R1/R2) evaluated the diagnostic performance of the five CT criteria: (1) ground glass opacity (GGO)-predominant lesions, (2) GGO- and peripheral-predominant lesions, (3) bilateral GGO-predominant lesions; (4) bilateral GGO- and peripheral-predominant lesions, and (5) bilateral GGO- and peripheral-predominant lesions without nodules, airway abnormalities, pleural effusion, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. All patients confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia had bilateral GGO- and peripheral-predominant lesions without airway abnormalities, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and pleural effusion. The five CT criteria showed moderate to excellent diagnostic performance with area under the curves (AUCs) ranging 0.77-0.88 for R1 and 0.78-0.92 for R2. The criterion (e) showed the highest AUC. Chest CT would play a supplemental role to differentiate COVID-19 pneumonia from other respiratory diseases presenting with similar symptoms in a clinical setting."}, {"pmid": 32308732, "pmcid": "PMC7156896", "title": "Treatment efficacy analysis of traditional Chinese medicine for novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): an empirical study from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.", "journal": "Chin Med", "authors": ["Luo, Erdan", "Zhang, Daiyan", "Luo, Hua", "Liu, Bowen", "Zhao, Keming", "Zhao, Yonghua", "Bian, Ying", "Wang, Yitao"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308732", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus was identified in December, 2019 in Wuhan, China, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) played an active role in combating the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) caused by this fast-spreading virus COVID-19. Thus, we aimed to explore TCM characteristics of clinical efficacy to NCP, as well as to optimize Qingfei Paidu decoction (QFPDD) and the recommended formulas to NCP by National Health Commission (NHC). Chinese medical sciences theory and clinical application of TCM were analyzed. A total of 54 NCP patients were observed in a hospital from Wuhan, whose clinical characteristics and utilization of Chinese Medicines (CMs) were described. Paired t test was used to measure the change of patients' hemogram during hospitalization period, indicating the effect of CMs. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to explore the factors affecting the length of hospital stay. Network pharmacology analysis was applied to figure out the performance of NHC-recommended formulas of five disease stages at levels of compounds, targets and pathways. The average length of hospital stay was 8.96\u00a0days. Patients over 45 stayed 9.79\u00a0days in hospital in average, longer than 7.64\u00a0days of patients under 45. Comparing the hemograms between admission and discharge of hospital, the number of leukocytes, neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet increased, while the numbers of erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit decreased. According to the standard coefficients of regression, the factor affecting the length of stay for the most was CMs in category of invigorating spleen and removing dampness (ISRD), followed by administrating CMs, male, and cough. Thirty-two CMs were screened after deleting duplication from QFPDD and NHC-recommended formulas. Compound quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, acacetin etc., were all involved in the treatment of various disease stages on the compound level both in generality and individuality. TCM has a systemic theoretical understanding on the pathological evolution and a positive clinical efficacy on NCP. The CMs of ISRD improved patients' recovery, suggesting the importance of regulating intestinal function and keeping microenvironmental balance in TCM treatment of NCP. The active compounds from QFPDD and NHC-recommended formulas contribute to recovery of varied disease progresses during TCM treating NCP."}, {"pmid": 32106462, "pmcid": "PMC7143804", "title": "Disposable DNA Amplification Chips with Integrated Low-Cost Heaters.", "journal": "Micromachines (Basel)", "authors": ["Veltkamp, Henk-Willem", "Akegawa Monteiro, Fernanda", "Sanders, Remco", "Wiegerink, Remco", "Lotters, Joost"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32106462", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fast point-of-use detection of, for example, early-stage zoonoses, e.g., Q-fever, bovine tuberculosis, or the Covid-19 coronavirus, is beneficial for both humans and animal husbandry as it can save lives and livestock. The latter prevents farmers from going bankrupt after a zoonoses outbreak. This paper describes the development of a fabrication process and the proof-of-principle of a disposable DNA amplification chip with an integrated heater. Based on the analysis of the milling process, metal adhesion studies, and COMSOL MultiPhysics heat transfer simulations, the first batch of chips has been fabricated and successful multiple displacement amplification reactions are performed inside these chips. This research is the first step towards the development of an early-stage zoonoses detection device. Tests with real zoonoses and DNA specific amplification reactions still need to be done."}, {"pmid": 32239800, "pmcid": "PMC7228309", "title": "Teaching in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Biochem Mol Biol Educ", "authors": ["Ortiz, Phillip A"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239800", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334693, "pmcid": "PMC7180038", "title": "COVID-19 fault lines.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Choo, Esther K"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334693", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282874, "pmcid": "PMC7184447", "title": "Limits of Detection of Six Approved RT-PCR Kits for the Novel SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Wang, Xueliang", "Yao, Hangping", "Xu, Xing", "Zhang, Pengyin", "Zhang, Minmin", "Shao, Junbin", "Xiao, Yanqun", "Wang, Hualiang"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282874", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32149771, "title": "A case of 2019 novel coronavirus infected pneumonia with twice negative 2019-nCoV nucleic acid testing within 8 days.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Ruan, Zhong-Rui", "Gong, Peng", "Han, Wei", "Huang, Min-Qiang", "Han, Ming"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149771", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394238, "pmcid": "PMC7213545", "title": "Fibrinolysis in COVID-19 patients with hemodynamic unstable acute pulmonary embolism: yes or no?", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Roncon, Loris", "Zuin, Marco", "Zonzin, Pietro"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394238", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529634, "title": "Haemophagocytosis in bone marrow aspirates in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Debliquis, Agathe", "Harzallah, Ines", "Mootien, Joy Y", "Poidevin, Antoine", "Labro, Guylaine", "Mejri, Amira", "Lamarque, Mathilde", "Kuteifan, Khaldoun", "Drenou, Bernard"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529634", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300070, "title": "Counterpoint: Twice-Weekly Hemodialysis Should Be an Approach of Last Resort Even in Times of Dialysis Unit Stress.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Mehrotra, Rajnish"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300070", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215807, "pmcid": "PMC7100393", "title": "COVID-19: opportunity arises from a world health crisis.", "journal": "J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn", "authors": ["Bonate, Peter L"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215807", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507751, "title": "Association between time from SARS-CoV-2 onset to case confirmation and time to recovery across sociodemographic strata in Singapore.", "journal": "J Epidemiol Community Health", "authors": ["Lai, Francisco Tsz Tsun"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507751", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419770, "pmcid": "PMC7225707", "title": "[MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP OF NURSING SERVICES IN THE EMERGENCY PLAN FOR THE PANDEMIC COVID-19: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE CLINIC HOSPITAL OF BARCELONA].", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Estalella, Gemma Martinez", "Zabalegui, Adelaida", "Guerra, Sonia Sevilla"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419770", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the international level, the enormous demand to manage the COVID-19 pandemic has posed a challenge both in the provision of personnel and in supplies and sanitary material. There is no precedent or publication related to the management and leadership of nursing services in Spain within the emergency plan for the COVID-19 pandemic. This article describes the experience of the Hospital Clinico de Barcelona in the current extraordinary circumstances that undoubtedly constitute a nursing management of enormous magnitude and unprecedented due to the high number of people affected and the extraordinary risk of healthcare personnel. Following national and international guidelines to alleviate the pandemic, protect health and prevent the spread of the outbreak. The ability to work as a team, emotional management and respect for organizational decisions have made it possible to face the challenges that the pandemic has put in place and that the Nursing Department can lead in a calm and orderly manner the different actions to perform. Lastly, it will be necessary to continue with an in-depth analysis of the situation and of the actions carried out in order to identify the areas for improvement as well as to evaluate the overall nature of the process."}, {"pmid": 32220289, "pmcid": "PMC7159059", "title": "Early in the epidemic: impact of preprints on global discourse about COVID-19 transmissibility.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Majumder, Maimuna S", "Mandl, Kenneth D"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220289", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292902, "pmcid": "PMC7104131", "title": "Outcome of Coronavirus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID 1 -19) during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Di Mascio, Daniele", "Khalil, Asma", "Saccone, Gabriele", "Rizzo, Giuseppe", "Buca, Danilo", "Liberati, Marco", "Vecchiet, Jacopo", "Nappi, Luigi", "Scambia, Giovanni", "Berghella, Vincenzo", "D'Antonio, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292902", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this systematic review was to report pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of Coronavirus (CoV) spectrum infections, and particularly COVID-19 disease due to SARS-COV-2 infection during pregnancy. Medline, Embase, Cinahl and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched electronically utilizing combinations of word variants for \"coronavirus\" or \"severe acute respiratory syndrome\" or \"SARS\" or \"Middle East respiratory syndrome\" or \"MERS\" or \"COVID-19\" and \"pregnancy\". The search and selection criteria were restricted to English language. Inclusion criteria were pregnant women with a confirmed Coronavirus related illness, defined as either SARS, MERS or COVID-19. We used meta-analyses of proportions to combine data and reported pooled proportions. The pregnancy outcomes observed included miscarriage, preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, fetal growth restriction, and mode of delivery. The perinatal outcomes observed were fetal distress, Apgar score < 7 at five minutes, neonatal asphyxia, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, perinatal death, and evidence of vertical transmission. 19 studies including 79 women were eligible for this systematic review: 41 pregnancies (51.9%) affected by COVID-19, 12 (15.2%) by MERS, and 26 (32.9%) by SARS. An overt diagnosis of pneumonia was made in 91.8% and the most common symptoms were fever (82.6%), cough (57.1%) and dyspnea (27.0%). For all CoV infections, the rate of miscarriage was 39.1% (95% CI 20.2-59.8); the rate of preterm birth < 37 weeks was 24.3% (95% CI 12.5-38.6); premature prelabor rupture of membranes occurred in 20.7% (95% CI 9.5-34.9), preeclampsia in 16.2% (95% CI 4.2-34.1), and fetal growth restriction in 11.7% (95% CI 3.2-24.4); 84% were delivered by cesarean; the rate of perinatal death was 11.1% (95% CI 84.8-19.6) and 57.2% (95% CI 3.6-99.8) of newborns were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. When focusing on COVID-19, the most common adverse pregnancy outcome was preterm birth < 37 weeks, occurring in 41.1% (95% CI 25.6-57.6) of cases, while the rate of perinatal death was 7.0% (95% CI 1.4-16.3). None of the 41 newborns assessed showed clinical signs of vertical transmission. In mothers infected with coronavirus infections, including COVID-19, >90% of whom also had pneumonia, PTB is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome. Miscarriage, preeclampsia, cesarean, and perinatal death (7-11%) were also more common than in the general population. There have been no published cases of clinical evidence of vertical transmission. Evidence is accumulating rapidly, so these data may need to be updated soon. The findings from this study can guide and enhance prenatal counseling of women with COVID-19 infection occurring during pregnancy."}, {"pmid": 32205937, "pmcid": "PMC7075061", "title": "Is A Problem Shared, A Problem Halved? Not Always! The Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Indian J Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Bhosale, Shilpushp", "Kulkarni, Atul P"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205937", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "How to cite this article: Bhosale S, Kulkarni AP. Is A Problem Shared, A Problem Halved? Not Always! The Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Outbreak. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(2):88-89."}, {"pmid": 32375455, "title": "Prediction of COVID-19 transmission dynamics using a mathematical model considering behavior changes in Korea.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "authors": ["Kim, Soyoung", "Seo, Yu Bin", "Jung, Eunok"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375455", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the report of the first confirmed case in Daegu on February 18, 2020, local transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea has continued. In this study, we aimed to identify the pattern of local transmission of COVID-19 using mathematical modeling and predict the epidemic size and the timing of the end of the spread. We modeled the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea by applying a mathematical model of transmission that factors in behavioral changes. We used the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data of daily confirmed cases in the country to estimate the nationwide and Daegu/Gyeongbuk area-specific transmission rates as well as behavioral change parameters using a least-squares method. The number of transmissions per infected patient was estimated to be about 10 times higher in the Daegu/Gyeongbuk area than the average of nationwide. Using these estimated parameters, our models predicts that about 13,800 cases will occur nationwide and 11,400 cases in the Daegu/Gyeongbuk area until mid-June. We mathematically demonstrate that the relatively high per-capita rate of transmission and the low rate of changes in behavior have caused a large-scale transmission of COVID-19 in the Daegu/Gyeongbuk area in Korea. Since the outbreak is expected to continue until May, non-pharmaceutical interventions that can be sustained over the long term are required."}, {"pmid": 32023686, "title": "[Early detection and disease assessment of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhou, L", "Liu, H G"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023686", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV) in wuhan, China, attracting attention worldwidely. The novel coronavirus has the characteristics of rapid transmission, atypical clinical symptoms, and easy to affect both lungs, leading to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, as well as difficult to detection and assessment at early stage. Fever, cough, myalgia, weakness, dyspnea and imagings may be helpful for the early detection of novel coronavirus pneumonia. At the same time, the rate of disease progression, fever, CT manifestations, hypoxia degree, age, basic diseases, and laboratory indicators can also be used to evaluate the severity of the novel coronavirus pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32461285, "title": "Comparison of the Accula SARS-CoV-2 Test with a Laboratory-Developed Assay for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Clinical Nasopharyngeal Specimens.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Hogan, Catherine A", "Garamani, Natasha", "Lee, Andrew S", "Tung, Jack K", "Sahoo, Malaya K", "Huang, ChunHong", "Stevens, Bryan", "Zehnder, James", "Pinsky, Benjamin A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461285", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Several point-of-care (POC) molecular tests have received emergency use authorization (EUA) from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. The test performance characteristics of the Accula (Mesa Biotech) SARS-CoV-2 POC test need to be evaluated to inform its optimal use.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess test performance of the Accula SARS-CoV-2 test.Study design: The performance of the Accula test was assessed by comparing results of 100 nasopharyngeal swab samples previously characterized by the Stanford Health Care EUA laboratory-developed test (SHC-LDT) targeting the envelope (E) gene. Assay concordance was assessed by overall percent agreement, positive percent agreement (PPA), negative percent agreement (NPA), and Cohen's kappa coefficient.Results: Overall percent agreement between the assays was 84.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 75.3 to 90.6%), PPA was 68.0% (95% CI 53.3 to 80.5%) and the kappa coefficient was 0.68 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.82). Sixteen specimens detected by the SHC-LDT were not detected by the Accula test, and showed low viral load burden with a median cycle threshold value of 37.7. NPA was 100% (95% CI 94.2 to 100%).Conclusion: Compared to the SHC-LDT, the Accula SARS-CoV-2 test showed excellent negative agreement. However, positive agreement was low for samples with low viral load. The false negative rate of the Accula POC test calls for a more thorough evaluation of POC test performance characteristics in clinical settings, and for confirmatory testing in individuals with moderate to high pre-test probability of SARS-CoV-2 who test negative on Accula."}, {"pmid": 32167538, "title": "Critical Care Utilization for the COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: Early Experience and Forecast During an Emergency Response.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Grasselli, Giacomo", "Pesenti, Antonio", "Cecconi, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167538", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268358, "pmcid": "PMC7184355", "title": "Spread of Novel coronavirus by returning pilgrims from Iran to Pakistan.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Badshah, Syed Lal", "Ullah, Asad", "Badshah, Syed Hilal", "Ahmad, Irshad"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268358", "countries": ["Pakistan", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241793, "pmcid": "PMC7211079", "title": "Clinical course of COVID-19 in a series of patients with chronic arthritis treated with immunosuppressive targeted therapies.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Balduzzi, Silvia", "Delvino, Paolo", "Bellis, Elisa", "Quadrelli, Verdiana Serena", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241793", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387540, "pmcid": "PMC7204712", "title": "How To Maximize Trainee Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from Around the World.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Keswani, Rajesh N", "Sethi, Amrita", "Repici, Alessandro", "Messman, Helmut", "Chiu, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387540", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327626, "title": "Management of inflammatory bowel disease during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol", "authors": ["Ribaldone, Davide G", "Astegiano, Marco", "Actis, Giovanni C", "Pellicano, Rinaldo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525226, "title": "Oxygen: under or over a surgical facemask for COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Binks, A C", "Parkinson, S M", "Sabbouh, V"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525226", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372820, "pmcid": "PMC7194711", "title": "Can breathing exercises help protect you from covid-19?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Hamzelou, Jessica"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372820", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508257, "title": "Patients with cancer in the COVID-19 era: the clinical trial issue.", "journal": "Tumori", "authors": ["Scarcia, Marcello", "Ludovico, Giuseppe Mario", "Fortunato, Angela", "Fiorentino, Alba"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508257", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospital reorganization may result in reduced ability for the hospital to fully use its armamentarium for battling cancer. Thus different therapeutic modalities have been recommended. During the pandemic, despite regulatory agencies' recommendations, several considerations and doubts remain for oncologic clinical trials. Considering patients who had been enrolled before the pandemic, and who plan to take the study medication, the situation becomes complicated. These patients should undergo monitoring visits, blood sampling, questionnaire, physical examination, and drug and radiation administration. To avoid deviations from the protocol and trial discontinuation, follow-up should be performed regularly, in concordance with safety guidelines. Here we report several considerations."}, {"pmid": 32366488, "pmcid": "PMC7236818", "title": "Nosocomial outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Wang, Xiaorong", "Zhou, Qiong", "He, Yukun", "Liu, Lingbo", "Ma, Xinqian", "Wei, Xiaoshan", "Jiang, Nanchuan", "Liang, Limei", "Zheng, Yali", "Ma, Ling", "Xu, Yu", "Yang, Dong", "Zhang, Jianchu", "Yang, Bohan", "Jiang, Ning", "Deng, Tao", "Zhai, Bingbing", "Gao, Yang", "Liu, Wenxuan", "Bai, Xinghua", "Pan, Tao", "Wang, Guoqing", "Chang, Yujun", "Zhang, Zhi", "Shi, Huanzhong", "Ma, Wan-Li", "Gao, Zhancheng"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366488", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), infected over 3300 healthcare workers in early 2020 in China. Little information is known about nosocomial infections of healthcare workers in the initial period. We analysed data from healthcare workers with nosocomial infections in Wuhan Union Hospital (Wuhan, China) and their family members. We collected and analysed data on exposure history, illness timelines and epidemiological characteristics from 25 healthcare workers with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and two healthcare workers in whom COVID-19 was highly suspected, as well as 10 of their family members with COVID-19, between 5 January and 12 February 2020. The demographics and clinical features of the 35 laboratory-confirmed cases were investigated and viral RNA of 12 cases was sequenced and analysed. Nine clusters were found among the patients. All patients showed mild to moderate clinical manifestation and recovered without deterioration. The mean period of incubation was 4.5\u2005days, the mean\u00b1sd clinical onset serial interval (COSI) was 5.2\u00b13.2\u2005days, and the median virus shedding time was 18.5\u2005days. Complete genomic sequences of 12 different coronavirus strains demonstrated that the viral structure, with small irrelevant mutations, was stable in the transmission chains and showed remarkable traits of infectious traceability. SARS-CoV-2 can be rapidly transmitted from person to person, regardless of whether they have symptoms, in both hospital settings and social activities, based on the short period of incubation and COSI. The public health service should take practical measures to curb the spread, including isolation of cases, tracing close contacts, and containment of severe epidemic areas. Besides this, healthcare workers should be alert during the epidemic and self-quarantine if self-suspected of infection."}, {"pmid": 32396683, "pmcid": "PMC7273096", "title": "The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic and challenges in stroke care in India.", "journal": "Ann N Y Acad Sci", "authors": ["Sylaja, P N", "Srivastava, M V Padma", "Shah, Sudhir", "Bhatia, Rohit", "Khurana, Dheeraj", "Sharma, Arvind", "Pandian, Jeyaraj D", "Kalia, Kiran", "Sarmah, Deepaneeta", "Nair, Sruthi S", "Yavagal, Dileep R", "Bhattacharya, Pallab"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396683", "countries": ["United States", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Stroke care in India has evolved rapidly in the last decade with a focus on stroke awareness, prevention, rapid triage, treatment, and rehabilitation. But acute stroke care and poststroke rehabilitation in the country have limitations owing to the economic constraints and poor access to health care. The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has made stroke care even more challenging. We outline the unfavorable circumstances in stroke care induced by the pandemic; propose mitigating measures; crisis management; and provide a comparative evaluation of stroke care between India and the United States during the pandemic. There is a need for public health systems in both developed and developing countries to improve awareness, implement proper strategies of triage, acute treatment, well-defined rehabilitation plans, telemedicine services, and virtual check-ins."}, {"pmid": 32491223, "title": "COVID-19: how it can look on the skin. Clinical and pathological features in twenty COVID-19 patients observed in Bologna, northeastern Italy.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Gaspari, Valeria", "Neri, Iria", "Misciali, Cosimo", "Patrizi, Annalisa"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491223", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Global public health is currently dealing with the explosive spread of the novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. This new type of viral pneumonia, spread from its first focus in Wuhan (Hubei, China) to across all the world, until a pandemic condition was declared. Clinically. the most common symptoms of the disease are cough and fever. More than 80% of patients have asymptomatic to moderate disease, but about 15% get severe pneumonia and 5% develope a multi-organ failure [2]."}, {"pmid": 32472684, "title": "Seroconversion rate and diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nagappa, Bharathnag", "Marimuthu, Yamini"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472684", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358120, "title": "How related is SARS-CoV-2 to other coronaviruses?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Chen, Nanhua", "Li, Xinshuai", "Li, Shubin", "Xiao, Yanzhao", "Ye, Mengxue", "Yan, Xilin", "Li, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358120", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425051, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine vs. Azithromycin for Hospitalized Patients with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 (HAHPS): Protocol for a Pragmatic, Open Label, Active Comparator Trial.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Brown, Samuel M", "Peltan, Ithan D", "Webb, Brandon", "Kumar, Naresh", "Starr, Nathan", "Grissom, Colin", "Buckel, Whitney R", "Srivastava, Raj", "Harris, Estelle S", "Leither, Lindsay", "Johnson, Stacy A", "Paine, Robert 3rd", "Greene, Tom"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425051", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a potentially fatal illness with no proven therapy beyond excellent supportive care. Treatments are urgently sought. Adaptations to traditional trial logistics and design to allow rapid implementation, evaluation of trials within a global trials context, flexible interim monitoring, and access outside traditional research hospitals (even in settings where formal placebos are unavailable) may be helpful. Thoughtful adaptations to traditional trial designs-especially within the global context of related studies-may also foster collaborative relationships among government, community, and the research enterprise. We describe here the protocol for a pragmatic, active comparator trial in as many as 300 patients comparing two current \"off-label\" treatments for COVID-19-hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin-in academic and non-academic hospitals in Utah. We developed the trial in response to local pressures for widespread, indiscriminate off-label use of these medications. We employ a hybrid Bayesian-frequentist design for interim monitoring to allow rapid, contextual assessment of the available evidence. We also developed an inference grid for the interpretation of the range of possible results from this trial within the context of parallel trials and prepared for network meta-analysis of the resulting data. This trial was prospectively registered (NCT04329832) before enrollment of the first patient."}, {"pmid": 32442693, "pmcid": "PMC7236701", "title": "An invited commentary on \"The Surgeon and the COVID-19 pandemic\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Choudhury, Ehsanul Karim", "Wakefield, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442693", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361677, "pmcid": "PMC7174174", "title": "Epilepsy and COVID-19: Associations and important considerations.", "journal": "Epilepsy Behav", "authors": ["Kuroda, Naoto"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361677", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505438, "title": "The Association Between Symptom Onset and Length of Hospital Stay in 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Cases Without Epidemiological Trace.", "journal": "J Natl Med Assoc", "authors": ["Li, BinBin"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505438", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Compared to COVID-19 cases with established epidemiological trace, little is known about the patients without one. This study reports an association between time of symptom onset (TOS) and length of hospital stay (LOS) in COVID-19 infection without epidemiological link. Generalized linear regression models were used to examine the association between symptom onset and primary outcome LOS. A group of patients with established epidemiological link in same medical facility during that period of time were used as controls. A total of 38 COVID-19 patients were admitted, 26 of which were found without travel history to infected area or direct contact with a case-patient. TOS was negatively associated with LOS in patients without epidemiological trace (IRR\u00a0=\u00a00.980; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.967 to 0.993; P\u00a0=\u00a00.003). In COVID-19 cases without typical epidemiological links, patients with later symptom onset had relatively shorter LOS."}, {"pmid": 32211831, "title": "Postacute Care Preparedness for COVID-19: Thinking Ahead.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Grabowski, David C", "Joynt Maddox, Karen E"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211831", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387493, "pmcid": "PMC7200325", "title": "Declining Cirrhosis Hospitalizations in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Cohort Study.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Mahmud, Nadim", "Hubbard, Rebecca A", "Kaplan, David E", "Serper, Marina"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387493", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393111, "title": "COVID-19: animals, veterinary and zoonotic links.", "journal": "Vet Q", "authors": ["Tiwari, Ruchi", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Sharun, Khan", "Iqbal Yatoo, Mohd", "Malik, Yashpal Singh", "Singh, Rajendra", "Michalak, Izabela", "Sah, Ranjit", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393111", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread over 210 countries and territories beyond China shortly. On February 29, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) denoted it in a high-risk category, and on March 11, 2020, this virus was designated pandemic, after its declaration being a Public Health International Emergency on January 30, 2020. World over high efforts are being made to counter and contain this virus. The COVID-19 outbreak once again proves the potential of the animal-human interface to act as the primary source of emerging zoonotic diseases. Even though the circumstantial evidence suggests the possibility of an initial zoonotic emergence, it is too early to confirm the role of intermediate hosts such as snakes, pangolins, turtles, and other wild animals in the origin of SARS-CoV-2, in addition to bats, the natural hosts of multiple coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The lessons learned from past episodes of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV are being exploited to retort this virus. Best efforts are being taken up by worldwide nations to implement effective diagnosis, strict vigilance, heightened surveillance, and monitoring, along with adopting appropriate preventive and control strategies. Identifying the possible zoonotic emergence and the exact mechanism responsible for its initial transmission will help us to design and implement appropriate preventive barriers against the further transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This review discusses in brief about the COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 with a particular focus on the role of animals, the veterinary and associated zoonotic links along with prevention and control strategies based on One-health approaches."}, {"pmid": 32147496, "pmcid": "PMC7132364", "title": "Of chloroquine and COVID-19.", "journal": "Antiviral Res", "authors": ["Touret, Franck", "de Lamballerie, Xavier"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147496", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent publications have brought attention to the possible benefit of chloroquine, a broadly used antimalarial drug, in the treatment of patients infected by the novel emerged coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The scientific community should consider this information in light of previous experiments with chloroquine in the field of antiviral research."}, {"pmid": 32521068, "title": "COVID-19 is milder in children possibly due to cross immunity.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Sekhar Devulapalli, Chandra"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521068", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been unclear why the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-CoV-2) hits a small minority hard, while the vast majority of children appear to be protected and develop mild or no disease (1,2). The editorial by Brodin suggests some possible mechanisms why it is so (1). I would like to emphasize the significance of cross immunity due to previous exposure to seasonal coronavirus; it may be a plausible explanation for why children appear to be protected (2,3)."}, {"pmid": 32417025, "pmcid": "PMC7189870", "title": "Addressing Skilled Nursing Facilities' COVID-19 Psychosocial Needs Via Staff Training and a Process Group Intervention.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["DeCaporale-Ryan, Lauren", "Goodman, Jessica", "Simning, Adam", "Press-Ellingham, Lara", "Williams, Linda", "Hasselberg, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417025", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488360, "pmcid": "PMC7266423", "title": "Androgenic hormones and the excess male mortality observed in COVID-19 patients: new convergent data.", "journal": "World J Urol", "authors": ["Lamy, Pierre-Jean", "Rebillard, Xavier", "Vacherot, Francis", "de la Taille, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488360", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398839, "pmcid": "PMC7216571", "title": "Amniotic membrane harvesting during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Yeung, Tiffany L M", "Liu, Shasha", "Li, Brian C Y", "Mok, K M", "Li, Kenneth K W"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398839", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242829, "title": "One disease, different features: COVID-19 laboratory and radiological findings in three Italian patients.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Tosato, Francesca", "Giraudo, Chiara", "Pelloso, Michela", "Musso, Giulia", "Piva, Elisa", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242829", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438839, "title": "Is there a role for blood purification therapies targeting cytokine storm syndrome in critically severe COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Ren Fail", "authors": ["Chen, Gang", "Zhou, Yangzhong", "Ma, Jie", "Xia, Peng", "Qin, Yan", "Li, Xuemei"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438839", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has spread over many countries and regions since the end of 2019, becoming the most severe public health event at present. Most of the critical cases developed multiple organ dysfunction, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) may complicate the process of severe COVID-19 patients. This manuscript reviews the different aspects of blood purification in critically ill patients with AKI and increased inflammatory factors, and examines its potential role in severe COVID-19 treatment. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been practiced in many sepsis patients with AKI. Still, the timing and dosing need further robust evidence. In addition to the traditional CRRT, the high-throughput membrane with adsorption function and cytokine adsorption column are two representatives of recently emerging novel membrane technologies. Their potential in removing inflammatory factors and other toxins prospects for the treatment of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32104884, "pmcid": "PMC7107523", "title": "Nepal's first case of COVID-19 and public health response.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Shrestha, Ranish", "Shrestha, Sunil", "Khanal, Pratik", "Kc, Bhuvan"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32104884", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449881, "title": "Correction: Should Clinicians Use Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin for the Prophylaxis or Treatment of COVID-19?", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449881", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389131, "title": "A Case of COVID-19 with Ultra-Long Incubation Period.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wang, Yujin", "Wang, Qingwen", "Wang, Kai", "Song, Congkuan", "Guo, ZiXin", "Hu, Weidong"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389131", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409466, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on academic mothers.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Staniscuaski, Fernanda", "Reichert, Fernanda", "Werneck, Fernanda P", "de Oliveira, Leticia", "Mello-Carpes, Pamela B", "Soletti, Rossana C", "Almeida, Camila Infanger", "Zandona, Eugenia", "Ricachenevsky, Felipe Klein", "Neumann, Adriana", "Schwartz, Ida Vanessa D", "Tamajusuku, Alessandra Sayuri Kikuchi", "Seixas, Adriana", "Kmetzsch, Livia"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409466", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292908, "pmcid": "PMC7144509", "title": "Meeting the Potential Emergency Global Drug Supply Challenge of Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Zhang, Tony Y", "Zhong, Boyu"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292908", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper provides an overview of the current global market and manufacturing landscape for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). The capacity and capabilities of global producers to meet the potential demand for treating patients inflicted with COVID-19 by the novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2, should HCQ's efficacy be established by more definitive clinical trials, is also assessed. Given the large existing manufacturing base and abundance of raw materials for HCQ, the supply challenge can be met with considerable efforts and international cooperation. Preemptive and coordinated emergency efforts among global governments, regulatory agencies, chemical and pharmaceutical industries are imperative for meeting the surge in demand."}, {"pmid": 32357582, "title": "Ageing and COVID-19: What is the Role for Elderly People?", "journal": "Geriatrics (Basel)", "authors": ["Petretto, Donatella Rita", "Pili, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357582", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is one of the oldest countries in Europe and in the world and now it is also one of the first countries that are fighting against COVID-19. In our country, the increasing life expectancy (80.5 for males and 84.9 for females, with a total life expectancy of 82.9) has led to very positive consequences for health and the well-being of elderly people: a very high number of older adults lives and acts independently in their daily life, even if they have one or more than one chronic disease. In the time of COVID-19's outbreak in Italy, the focus of the media was on elderly people for two main reasons. First, many older people demonstrated a very high civic sense and they were helping society to fight against the pandemic. Second, also in Italy, like in China, the older adults are at higher risk in being infected with COVID-19 and if they get ill, they have a higher risk of death. The balance previously achieved between age-related disorders and a good quality of life and good health is now under high pressure. It is very important to protect elderly people from infection, but also it is important to respect them and to support them in this complex situation. There is a great risk of \"ageism\". In agreement with Lloyd-Sherlock and colleagues (2020), in this editorial we propose some hints of analysis, starting from the ongoing experience in Italy."}, {"pmid": 32328364, "pmcid": "PMC7170017", "title": "Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Encephalopathy.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Filatov, Asia", "Sharma, Pamraj", "Hindi, Fawzi", "Espinosa, Patricio S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328364", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic. Neurological complications of COVID-19 have not been reported. Encephalopathy has not been described as a presenting symptom or complication of COVID-19. We report a case of a 74-year-old patient who traveled from Europe to the United States and presented with encephalopathy and COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32418307, "title": "Persistent viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in faeces - a rapid review.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Gupta, S", "Parker, J", "Smits, S", "Underwood, J", "Dolwani, S"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418307", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In addition to respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 can present with gastrointestinal complaints suggesting possible faeco-oral transmission. The primary aim of this review was to establish the incidence and timing of positive faecal samples for SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. A systematic literature review identified studies describing COVID-19 patients tested for faecal virus. Search terms for MEDLINE included 'clinical', 'faeces', 'gastrointestinal secretions', 'stool', 'COVID-19', 'SARS-CoV-2' and '2019-nCoV'. Additional searches were done in the American Journal of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology, Gut, Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the World Health Organization Database, the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, New England Journal of Medicine, social media and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, bioRxiv and medRxiv preprints. Data were extracted concerning the type of test, number and timing of positive samples, incidence of positive faecal tests after negative nasopharyngeal swabs and evidence of viable faecal virus or faeco-oral transmission of the virus. Twenty-six relevant articles were identified. Combining study results demonstrated that 53.9% of those tested for faecal RNA were positive. The duration of faecal viral shedding ranged from 1 to 33\u00a0days after a negative nasopharyngeal swab with one result remaining positive 47\u00a0days after onset of symptoms. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that COVID-19 is transmitted via faecally shed virus. There is a high rate of positive polymerase chain reaction tests with persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in faecal samples of patients with COVID-19. Further research is needed to confirm if this virus is viable and the degree of transmission through the faeco-oral route. This may have important implications on isolation, recommended precautions and protective equipment for interventional procedures involving the gastrointestinal tract."}, {"pmid": 32472459, "pmcid": "PMC7255973", "title": "Treatment algorithm for COVID-19: a multidisciplinary point of view.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Galluccio, Felice", "Ergonenc, Tolga", "Garcia Martos, Alvaro", "Allam, Abdallah El-Sayed", "Perez-Herrero, Maria", "Aguilar, Ricardo", "Emmi, Giacomo", "Spinicci, Michele", "Terrancle Juan, Ignacio", "Fajardo-Perez, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472459", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (Sars-CoV-2) pandemic has spread rapidly, from December to the end of March, to 185 countries, and there have been over 3,000,000 cases identified and over 200,000 deaths. For a proportion of hospitalized patients, death can occur within a few days, mainly for adult respiratory distress syndrome or multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. In these patients, clinical signs and symptoms, as well as laboratory abnormalities, suggest a cytokine storm syndrome in response to the viral infection. No current targeted treatment is yet available for COVID-19, an unknown disease up to 2\u00a0months ago, which challenges doctors and researchers to find new drugs or reallocate other treatments for these patients. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, a growing body of information on diagnostic and therapeutic strategies has emerged, mainly based on preliminary experience on retrospective studies or small case series. Antivirals, antimalarials, corticosteroids, biotechnological and small molecules, convalescent plasma and anticoagulants are among the drugs proposed for the treatment or in tested for COVID-19. Given the complexity of this new condition, a multidisciplinary management seems to be the best approach. Sharing and integrating knowledge between specialists, to evaluate the correct timing and setting of every treatment, could greatly benefit our patients. We reviewed the literature, combining it with our experiences and our specialist knowledge, to propose a management algorithm, correlating the clinical features with laboratory and imaging findings to establish the right timing for each treatment.Key Points\u2022 Critically ill COVID-19 patients show signs of cytokine storm syndrome.\u2022 No current targeted therapy is available, but a lot of drugs are in tested.\u2022 A multidisciplinary approach is crucial to manage COVID-19.\u2022 Choosing the correct timing of treatment is of pivotal importance to avoid the most severe complications."}, {"pmid": 32171193, "title": "Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by Coronavirus-19 (COVI-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies.", "journal": "J Biol Regul Homeost Agents", "authors": ["Conti, P", "Ronconi, G", "Caraffa, A", "Gallenga, C", "Ross, R", "Frydas, I", "Kritas, S"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171193", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus-19 (COVI-19) involves humans as well as animals and may cause serious damage to the respiratory tract, including the lung: coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This pathogenic virus has been identified in swabs performed on the throat and nose of patients who suffer from or are suspected of the disease. When COVI-19 infect the upper and lower respiratory tract it can cause mild or highly acute respiratory syndrome with consequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-6. \n\nThe binding of COVI-19 to the Toll Like Receptor (TLR) causes the release of pro-IL-1\u03b2 which is cleaved by caspase-1, followed by inflammasome activation and production of active mature IL-1\u03b2 which is a mediator of lung inflammation, fever and fibrosis. Suppression of pro-inflammatory IL-1 family members and IL-6 have been shown to have a therapeutic effect in many inflammatory diseases, including viral infections. \n\nCytokine IL-37 has the ability to suppress innate and acquired immune response and also has the capacity to inhibit inflammation by acting on IL-18R\u03b1 receptor. IL-37 performs its immunosuppressive activity by acting on mTOR and increasing the adenosine monophosphate (AMP) kinase. This cytokine inhibits class II histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and inflammation in inflammatory diseases by suppressing MyD88 and subsequently IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF and CCL2. The suppression of IL-1\u03b2 by IL-37 in inflammatory state induced by coronavirus-19 can have a new therapeutic effect previously unknown. Another inhibitory cytokine is IL-38, the newest cytokine of the IL-1 family members, produced by several immune cells including B cells and macrophages. \n\nIL-38 is also a suppressor cytokine which inhibits IL-1\u03b2 and other pro-inflammatory IL-family members. IL-38 is a potential therapeutic cytokine which inhibits inflammation in viral infections including that caused by coronavirus-19, providing a new relevant strategy."}, {"pmid": 32505211, "title": "Lung ventilation function characteristics of survivors from severe COVID-19: a prospective study.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Li, Xianyong", "Wang, Changsong", "Kou, Shengjie", "Luo, Peiyao", "Zhao, Mingyan", "Yu, Kaijiang"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505211", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289516, "pmcid": "PMC7194109", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Perioperative Period of Lung Resection: A Brief Report From a Single Thoracic Surgery Department in Wuhan, People's Republic of China.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Cai, Yixin", "Hao, Zhipeng", "Gao, Yi", "Ping, Wei", "Wang, Qi", "Peng, Shu", "Zhao, Bo", "Sun, Wei", "Zhu, Min", "Li, Kaiyan", "Han, Ying", "Kuang, Dong", "Chu, Qian", "Fu, Xiangning", "Zhang, Ni"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289516", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that was first reported in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, and has subsequently spread worldwide. Clinical information on patients who contracted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the perioperative period is limited. Here, we report seven cases with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the perioperative period of lung resection. Retrospective analysis suggested that one patient had been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 infection before the surgery and the other six patients contracted the infection after the lung resection. Fever, lymphopenia, and ground-glass opacities revealed on computed tomography are the most common clinical manifestations of the patients who contracted COVID-19 after the lung resection. Pathologic studies of the specimens of these seven patients were performed. Pathologic examination of patient 1, who was infected with the SARS-CoV-2 infection before the surgery, revealed that apart from the tumor, there was a wide range of interstitial inflammation with plasma cell and macrophage infiltration. High density of macrophages and foam cells in the alveolar cavities, but no obvious proliferation of pneumocyte, was found. Three of seven patients died from COVID-19 pneumonia, suggesting lung resection surgery might be a risk factor for\u00a0death in patients with COVID-19 in the perioperative period."}, {"pmid": 32342020, "pmcid": "PMC7182742", "title": "Departments of Radiation Oncology Must Prepare for COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Park, Jaehyeon", "Yea, Ji Woon", "Park, Jae Won"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342020", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436445, "pmcid": "PMC7243039", "title": "Potential specific therapies in COVID-19.", "journal": "Ther Adv Respir Dis", "authors": ["Gul, Muhammad Hamdan", "Htun, Zin Mar", "Shaukat, Nauman", "Imran, Muhammad", "Khan, Ahmad"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436445", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has grown into a global pandemic that has strained healthcare throughout the world. There is a sense of urgency in finding a cure for this deadly virus. In this study, we reviewed the empiric options used in common practice for COVID-19, based on the literature available online, with an emphasis on human experiences with these treatments on severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-COV-1) and other viruses. Convalescent blood products are the most promising potential treatment for use in COVID-19. The use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), remdesivir, and tocilizumab are some of the other promising potential therapies; however, they are yet to be tested in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The use of lopinavir-ritonavir did not prove beneficial in a large RCT. The use of corticosteroids should be avoided in COVID-19 pneumonia unless used for other indications, based on the suggestion of harm in patients with SARS-COV-1 and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) infection. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section."}, {"pmid": 32412790, "title": "Diagnostic Tools for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Comparing CT and RT-PCR Viral Nucleic Acid Testing.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Waller, Joseph V", "Kaur, Parveer", "Tucker, Amy", "Lin, Keldon K", "Diaz, Michael J", "Henry, Travis S", "Hope, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412790", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. Multiple studies suggest CT should be a primary diagnostic tool for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) because they reported sensitivities with CT far superior to that of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. This review aimed to assess these reports and found chest CT to have a clinical utility that is limited, particularly for patients who show no symptoms and patients who are screened early in disease progression. CONCLUSION. CT has limited sensitivity for COVID-19 and a lower specificity than RT-PCR testing, and it carries a risk of exposing providers to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Chest CT should be considered a supplemental diagnostic tool, particularly for patients who show symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32247383, "pmcid": "PMC7270551", "title": "Offline: COVID-19-what countries must do now.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247383", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371574, "pmcid": "PMC7228486", "title": "Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Garcia Godoy, Laura R", "Jones, Amy E", "Anderson, Taylor N", "Fisher, Cameron L", "Seeley, Kylie M L", "Beeson, Erynn A", "Zane, Hannah K", "Peterson, Jaime W", "Sullivan, Peter D"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages, requiring mask reuse or improvisation. We provide a review of medical-grade facial protection (surgical masks, N95 respirators and face shields) for healthcare workers, the safety and efficacy of decontamination methods, and the utility of alternative strategies in emergency shortages or resource-scarce settings. We conducted a scoping review of PubMed and grey literature related to facial protection and potential adaptation strategies in the setting of PPE shortages (January 2000 to March 2020). Limitations included few COVID-19-specific studies and exclusion of non-English language articles. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the evidence based on relevant healthcare settings to increase practical utility in decision-making. We retrieved 5462 peer-reviewed articles and 41 grey literature records. In total, we included 67 records which met inclusion criteria. Compared with surgical masks, N95 respirators perform better in laboratory testing, may provide superior protection in inpatient settings and perform equivalently in outpatient settings. Surgical mask and N95 respirator conservation strategies include extended use, reuse or decontamination, but these strategies may result in inferior protection. Limited evidence suggests that reused and improvised masks should be used when medical-grade protection is unavailable. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to critical shortages of medical-grade PPE. Alternative forms of facial protection offer inferior protection. More robust evidence is required on different types of medical-grade facial protection. As research on COVID-19 advances, investigators should continue to examine the impact on alternatives of medical-grade facial protection."}, {"pmid": 32314861, "pmcid": "PMC7264509", "title": "Obesity is Associated with Severe Forms of COVID-19.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Caussy, Cyrielle", "Wallet, Florent", "Laville, Martine", "Disse, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314861", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220877, "title": "Covid-19: \"Illogical\" lack of testing is causing healthy staff to self-isolate, BMA chief warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220877", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470605, "pmcid": "PMC7250090", "title": "COVID-19: How to make between-country comparisons.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Middelburg, Rutger A", "Rosendaal, Frits R"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470605", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Different countries have adopted different containment and testing strategies for SARS-CoV-2. The difference in testing makes it difficult to compare the effect of different containment strategies. This study proposes methods to allow a direct comparison and presents the results. Publicly available data on the numbers of reported COVID-19-related deaths between 01 January and 17 April 2020 were compared between countries. The numbers of cases or deaths per 100,000 inhabitants gave severely biased comparisons between countries. Only the number of deaths expressed as a percentage of the number of deaths on day 25 after the first reported COVID-19-related death allowed a direct comparison between countries. From this comparison clear differences were observed between countries, associated with the timing of the implementation of containment measures. Comparisons between countries are only possible when simultaneously taking into account that the virus does not arrive in all countries simultaneously, absolute numbers are incomparable due to different population sizes, rates per 100,000 of the population are incomparable because not all countries are affected homogeneously, susceptibility to death by COVID-19 can differ between populations, and a death is only reported as a COVID-19-related death if the patient was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. With the current methods, all these factors were accounted for and an unbiased direct comparison between countries was established. This comparison confirmed that early adoption of containment strategies is key in flattening the curve of the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32502333, "title": "Practical Guidelines for Collection, Manipulation and Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Clinical Specimens.", "journal": "Curr Protoc Cytom", "authors": ["Bain, William", "Lee, Janet S", "Watson, Alan M", "Stitt-Fischer, Molly S"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502333", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that causes the acute respiratory disease-Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-which has led to a global health crisis. Currently, no prophylactics or therapies exist to control virus spread or mitigate the disease. Thus, the risk of infection for physicians and scientists is high, requiring work to be conducted in Biosafety Level-3 (BSL-3) facilities if virus will be isolated or propagated. However, inactivation of the virus can enable safe handling at a reduced biosafety level, making samples accessible to a diverse array of institutions and investigators. Institutions of all types have an immediate need for guidelines that outline safe collection, handling, and inactivation of samples suspected to contain active virus. Here we provide a practical guide for physicians and researchers wishing to work with materials from patients who are COVID-19 positive or suspected positive. \u00a9 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Practical guidelines for the safe collection and handling of specimens collected from COVID-19 and suspected COVID-19 patients Basic Protocol 2: Inactivating SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32233018, "pmcid": "PMC7228318", "title": "Covid-19 and diabetes mellitus: unveiling the interaction of two pandemics.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Res Rev", "authors": ["Maddaloni, Ernesto", "Buzzetti, Raffaella"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233018", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel RNA betacoronavirus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has now been declared pandemic disease by WHO. Guo et al published the first report of biochemical features in patients with diabetes and the further risk that this disease can determine to the progression of Covid-19. Among different cytokines found significantly higher in patients with diabetes compared to those without, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is already increased in conditions of chronic inflammation, may play a more deleterious role in Covid-19 infection. Targeting the overexpression of Il-6 effects with a monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptor or using Janus Kinase inhibitors may be particularly helpful for treatment of Covid-19 pneumonia in diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32420106, "pmcid": "PMC7225419", "title": "An 'asymptomatic' driver with COVID-19: atypical suspected myocarditis by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Diagn Ther", "authors": ["Yuan, Wei-Feng", "Tang, Xi", "Zhao, Xin-Xiang"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420106", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375201, "pmcid": "PMC7267598", "title": "'All In': a pragmatic framework for COVID-19 testing and action on a global scale.", "journal": "EMBO Mol Med", "authors": ["Pettit, Syril D", "Jerome, Keith R", "Rouquie, David", "Mari, Bernard", "Barbry, Pascal", "Kanda, Yasunari", "Matsumoto, Mineo", "Hester, Susan", "Wehmas, Leah", "Botten, Jason W", "Bruce, Emily A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375201", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current demand for SARS-CoV-2 testing is straining material resource and labor capacity around the globe. As a result, the public health and clinical community are hindered in their ability to monitor and contain the spread of COVID-19. Despite broad consensus that more testing is needed, pragmatic guidance toward realizing this objective has been limited. This paper addresses this limitation by proposing a novel and geographically agnostic framework (the 4Ps framework) to guide multidisciplinary, scalable, resource-efficient, and achievable efforts toward enhanced testing capacity. The 4Ps (Prioritize, Propagate, Partition, and Provide) are described in terms of specific opportunities to enhance the volume, diversity, characterization, and implementation of SARS-CoV-2 testing to benefit public health. Coordinated deployment of the strategic and tactical recommendations described in this framework has the potential to rapidly expand available testing capacity, improve public health decision-making in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and/or to be applied in future emergent disease outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32330482, "pmcid": "PMC7172803", "title": "Ivermectin and COVID-19: A report in Antiviral Research, widespread interest, an FDA warning, two letters to the editor and the authors' responses.", "journal": "Antiviral Res", "authors": ["Bray, Mike", "Rayner, Craig", "Noel, Francois", "Jans, David", "Wagstaff, Kylie"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330482", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518141, "title": "Disappearing act: COVID-19 and paediatric emergency department attendances.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Dann, Lisa", "Fitzsimons, John", "Gorman, Kathleen M", "Hourihane, Jonathan", "Okafor, Ikechukwu"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500928, "title": "COVID-19 breakthroughs: separating fact from fiction.", "journal": "FEBS J", "authors": ["Dhillon, Paraminder", "Breuer, Manuel", "Hirst, Natasha"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500928", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The newly recognised coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causative agent of COVID-19, has caused a pandemic with huge ramifications for human interactions around the globe. As expected, research efforts to understand the virus and curtail the disease are moving at a frantic pace alongside the spread of rumours, speculations and falsehoods. In this article, we aim to clarify the current scientific view behind several claims or controversies related to COVID-19. Starting with the origin of the virus, we then discuss the effect of ibuprofen and nicotine on the severity of the disease. We highlight the knowledge on fomites and SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the evidence and explications for a disproportionately stronger impact of COVID-19 on ethnic minorities, including a potential protective role for vitamin D. We further review what is known about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, including their role in transmission of the disease, and conclude with the science on different mortality rates between different countries and whether this hints at the existence of more pathogenic cohorts of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32407757, "pmcid": "PMC7212962", "title": "Age but not sex may explain the negative effect of arterial hypertension and diabetes on COVID-19 prognosis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Pirola, Carlos J", "Sookoian, Silvia"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407757", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327901, "pmcid": "PMC7177179", "title": "SBDiEM: A new Mathematical model of Infectious Disease Dynamics.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Bekiros, Stelios", "Kouloumpou, Dimitra"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327901", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A worldwide multi-scale interplay among a plethora of factors, ranging from micro-pathogens and individual or population interactions to macro-scale environmental, socio-economic and demographic conditions, entails the development of highly sophisticated mathematical models for robust representation of the contagious disease dynamics that would lead to the improvement of current outbreak control strategies and vaccination and prevention policies. Due to the complexity of the underlying interactions, both deterministic and stochastic epidemiological models are built upon incomplete information regarding the infectious network. Hence, rigorous mathematical epidemiology models can be utilized to combat epidemic outbreaks. We introduce a new spatiotemporal approach (SBDiEM) for modeling, forecasting and nowcasting infectious dynamics, particularly in light of recent efforts to establish a global surveillance network for combating pandemics with the use of artificial intelligence. This model can be adjusted to describe past outbreaks as well as COVID-19. Our novel methodology may have important implications for national health systems, international stakeholders and policy makers."}, {"pmid": 32426207, "pmcid": "PMC7228884", "title": "COVID-19 in persons with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab - A pharmacovigilance case series.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Hughes, Richard", "Pedotti, Rosetta", "Koendgen, Harold"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426207", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391065, "pmcid": "PMC7199720", "title": "Traditional Chinese medicine contributes to the treatment of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Chin Herb Med", "authors": ["Liu, Liang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391065", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438942, "title": "The Performance of the Iranian Red Crescent by Launching Testing Centers for the Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Seddighi, Hamed"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438942", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) screening project has been conducted by the Red Crescent Society for 17 days with the aim of identifying and treating people with COVID-19, reducing road trips, and sensitizing people to the problem. Due to the shortage of testing devices, passengers were screened by measuring skin temperature. In 851 screening posts, 95 371 volunteers of Red Crescent monitored 21 640 866 people.Besides screening people, the stations have had other functions, including urging people to stay at home, restricting road trips, especially during the Iranian New Year holidays, reassuring the people that all relevant organizations are doing their best to respond to COVID-19, and the like. However, future research is still needed to analyze the cost-benefit of this plan and other possible options."}, {"pmid": 32356857, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine, Coronavirus Disease 2019, and QT Prolongation.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Bonow, Robert O", "Hernandez, Adrian F", "Turakhia, Mintu"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356857", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462418, "pmcid": "PMC7253232", "title": "A recommendation for IVF lab practice in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Assist Reprod Genet", "authors": ["Arav, Amir"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462418", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450915, "pmcid": "PMC7247433", "title": "The COVIRL-001 Trial: A multicentre, prospective, randomised trial comparing standard of care (SOC) alone, SOC plus hydroxychloroquine monotherapy or SOC plus a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in the treatment of non- critical, SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive population not requiring immediate resuscitation or ventilation but who have evidence of clinical decline: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Feeney, Eoin", "Wallace, Deborah", "Cotter, Aoife", "Tinago, Willard", "McCarthy, Cormac", "Keane, David", "Hussain, Rabia", "Alvarez Barco, Elena", "Doran, Peter", "Mallon, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450915", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376613, "title": "Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection by the cyclophilin inhibitor Alisporivir (Debio 025).", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Softic, Laurent", "Brillet, Rozenn", "Berry, Francois", "Ahnou, Nazim", "Nevers, Quentin", "Morin-Dewaele, Margot", "Hamadat, Sabah", "Bruscella, Patrice", "Fourati, Slim", "Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel", "Ahmed-Belkacem, Abdelhakim"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376613", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cyclophilins play a key role in the lifecycle of coronaviruses. Alisporivir (Debio 025) is a non-immunosuppressive analogue of cyclosporin A with potent cyclophilin inhibition properties. Alisporivir reduced SARS-CoV-2 RNA production in a dose-dependent manner in VeroE6 cell line, with an EC50 of 0.46\u00b10.04 \u03bcM. Alisporivir inhibited a post-entry step of the SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle. These results justify that a proof-of-concept Phase 2 trial be rapidly conducted with alisporivir in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32352308, "title": "Pediatric SARS, H1N1, MERS, EVALI, and Now Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: What Radiologists Need to Know.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Foust, Alexandra M", "Winant, Abbey J", "Chu, Winnie C", "Das, Karuna M", "Phillips, Grace S", "Lee, Edward Y"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352308", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to review new pediatric lung disorders-including disorders that have occurred in recent years years such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), swine-origin influenza A (H1N1), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI), and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia-to enhance understanding of the characteristic imaging findings. CONCLUSION. Although the clinical symptoms of SARS, H1N1, MERS, EVALI, and COVID-19 pneumonia in pediatric patients may be nonspecific, some characteristic imaging findings have emerged or are currently emerging. It is essential for radiologists to have a clear understanding of the characteristic imaging appearances of these lung disorders in pediatric patients to ensure optimal patient care."}, {"pmid": 32394688, "title": "[Chronic granulocytic leukemia with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Sheng, L S", "Li, D J", "Zhou, J F", "Huang, W"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394688", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32146924, "pmcid": "PMC7129403", "title": "Toning down the 2019-nCoV media hype-and restoring hope.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Hui, David S", "Ntoumi, Francine", "Maeurer, Markus", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32146924", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475003, "title": "The Clinics of HHV-6 infection in COVID-19 pandemic: Pityriasis rosea and Kawasaki disease.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Dursun, Recep", "Temiz, Selami Aykut"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475003", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new type of coronavirus family (SARS-CoV-2), which can be found in humans and animals, with many varieties and clinical symptoms, was first seen in Wuhan, China in late 2019, under the name novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the literature, cutaneous symptoms related to the disease are generally emphasized. However, it is not yet known whether this new SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has entered our lives, plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of dermatological diseases. The patients who were admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic between 1 April and May 15, 2019, and on 1 April and May 15, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed by searching the hospital automation system and patient files. The reason for the same months to be included in the study was to exclude seasonal effects on the diseases. After pandemic, the number of patients with Pityriasis rosea and Kawasaki disease increased significantly in patients who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic. Our study is the first study showing pityriasis rosea increase during the pandemic period. We think that this increase is related to HHV-6 reactivation. Herein, we wanted to draw attention to two diseases in which Human Herpes 6 (HHV-6) was accused in etiopathogenesis: Kawasaki disease and Pityriasis rosea. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32340627, "pmcid": "PMC7184547", "title": "Recommendations from the CSO-HNS taskforce on performance of tracheotomy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Sommer, D D", "Engels, P T", "Weitzel, E K", "Khalili, S", "Corsten, M", "Tewfik, M A", "Fung, K", "Cote, D", "Gupta, M", "Sne, N", "Brown, T F E", "Paul, J", "Kost, K M", "Witterick, I J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340627", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The performance of tracheotomy is a common procedural request by critical care departments to the surgical services of general surgery, thoracic surgery and otolaryngology - head & neck surgery. A Canadian Society of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (CSO-HNS) task force was convened with multi-specialty involvement from otolaryngology-head & neck surgery, general surgery, critical care and anesthesiology to develop a set of recommendations for the performance of tracheotomies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The tracheotomy procedure is highly aerosol generating and directly exposes the entire surgical team to the viral aerosol plume and secretions, thereby increasing the risk of transmission to healthcare providers. As such, we believe extended endotracheal intubation should be the standard of care for the entire duration of ventilation in the vast majority of patients. Pre-operative COVID-19 testing is highly recommended for any non-emergent procedure. The set of recommendations in this document highlight the importance of avoiding tracheotomy procedures in patients who are COVID-19 positive if at all possible. Recommendations for appropriate PPE and environment are made for COVID-19 positive, negative and unknown patients requiring consideration of tracheotomy. The safety of healthcare professionals who care for ill patients and who keep critical infrastructure operating is paramount."}, {"pmid": 32513664, "title": "Change in practice in gynecologic oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic: a social media survey.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Martinelli, Fabio", "Garbi, Annalisa"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513664", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has affected gynecologic cancer management. The goal of this survey was to evaluate changes that occurred in gynecologic oncology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. A anonymous survey consisting of 33 questions (https://sites.google.com/view/gyncacovidfmartinelli) regarding interaction between gynecologic cancers and COVID-19 was distributed online via social media from April 9 to April 30, 2020. Basic descriptive statistics were applied. Analytics of survey-diffusion and generated-interest (visualizations, engagement rates, response rate) were analyzed. The survey received 20\u2009836 visualizations, generating an average engagement rates by reach of 4.7%. The response rate was 30%. A total of 86% of respondents completed the survey, for a total of 187 physicians surveyed across 49 countries. The majority (143/187; 76%) were gynecologic oncologists, and most were \u226450\u2009years old (146/187; 78%). A total of 49.7% (93/187) were facing the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, while 26.7% (50/187) and 23.5% (44/187) were in the peak and plateau phases, respectively. For 97.3% (182/187) of respondents COVID-19 affected or changed their respective clinical practice. Between 16% (27/165) (before surgery) and 25% (26/102) (before medical treatment) did not perform any tests to rule out COVID-19 infection among patients. The majority of respondents did not alter indications of treatment if patients were COVID-19-negative, while treatments were generally postponed in COVID-19-positive patients. Treatments were considered priority for: early stage high-risk uterine cancers (85/187; 45%), newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer (76/187; 41%), and locally advanced cervical cancer (76/187; 41%). Treatment of early stage low-grade endometrioid endometrial cancer was deferred according to 49% (91/187) of respondents, with hormonal treatment as the option of therapy (31%; 56/178). A total of 77% (136/177) of respondents reported no changes in (surgical) treatment for early stage cervical cancer in COVID-19-negative patients, while treatment was postponed by 54% (96/177) of respondent, if the patient tested COVID-19-positive. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancers was considered by over one-third of respondents as well as hypofractionation of radiation treatment for locally advanced cervical cancers. COVID-19 affected the treatment of gynecologic cancers patients, both in terms of prioritization and identification of strategies to reduce hospital access and length of stay. Social media is a reliable tool to perform fast-tracking, worldwide surveys."}, {"pmid": 32510901, "title": "SARS-COV-2 and Male Reproductive Health.", "journal": "JBRA Assist Reprod", "authors": ["Fraietta, Renato", "Pasqualotto, Fabio Firmbach", "Roque, Matheus", "Taitson, Paulo Franco"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510901", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Critical challenges for the public and private health, research, and medical communities have been posed by the COVID-19 outbreak. Some of these challenges are related to the possible adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male reproductive health, and whether other potential modes of transmission may occur, such as sexual transmission. Moreover, concerns have been raised in terms of whether the COVID-19 outbreak may have an impact on fertility worldwide. In this study, we will discuss the origins of SARS-CoV-2. We will further describe its mechanism of action, diagnosis, symptoms, and potential effects on the male reproductive system."}, {"pmid": 32353326, "pmcid": "PMC7185921", "title": "Atypical presentation of COVID-19 in young infants.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Nathan, Nadia", "Prevost, Blandine", "Corvol, Harriet"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353326", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434820, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Mendel, Arielle", "Bernatsky, Sasha", "Thorne, J Carter", "Lacaille, Diane", "Johnson, Sindhu R", "Vinet, Evelyne"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434820", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422204, "pmcid": "PMC7228715", "title": "Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 among patients in the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre primary care network: a cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["de Lusignan, Simon", "Dorward, Jienchi", "Correa, Ana", "Jones, Nicholas", "Akinyemi, Oluwafunmi", "Amirthalingam, Gayatri", "Andrews, Nick", "Byford, Rachel", "Dabrera, Gavin", "Elliot, Alex", "Ellis, Joanna", "Ferreira, Filipa", "Lopez Bernal, Jamie", "Okusi, Cecilia", "Ramsay, Mary", "Sherlock, Julian", "Smith, Gillian", "Williams, John", "Howsam, Gary", "Zambon, Maria", "Joy, Mark", "Hobbs, F D Richard"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422204", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are few primary care studies of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to identify demographic and clinical risk factors for testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre primary care network. We analysed routinely collected, pseudonymised data for patients in the RCGP Research and Surveillance Centre primary care sentinel network who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 between Jan 28 and April 4, 2020. We used multivariable logistic regression models with multiple imputation to identify risk factors for positive SARS-CoV-2 tests within this surveillance network. We identified 3802 SARS-CoV-2 test results, of which 587 were positive. In multivariable analysis, male sex was independently associated with testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 (296 [18\u00b74%] of 1612 men vs 291 [13\u00b73%] of 2190 women; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1\u00b755, 95% CI 1\u00b727-1\u00b789). Adults were at increased risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared with children, and people aged 40-64 years were at greatest risk in the multivariable model (243 [18\u00b75%] of 1316 adults aged 40-64 years vs 23 [4\u00b76%] of 499 children; adjusted OR 5\u00b736, 95% CI 3\u00b728-8\u00b776). Compared with white people, the adjusted odds of a positive test were greater in black people (388 [15\u00b75%] of 2497 white people vs 36 [62\u00b71%] of 58 black people; adjusted OR 4\u00b775, 95% CI 2\u00b765-8\u00b751). People living in urban areas versus rural areas (476 [26\u00b72%] of 1816 in urban areas vs 111 [5\u00b76%] of 1986 in rural areas; adjusted OR 4\u00b759, 95% CI 3\u00b757-5\u00b790) and in more deprived areas (197 [29\u00b75%] of 668 in most deprived vs 143 [7\u00b77%] of 1855 in least deprived; adjusted OR 2\u00b703, 95% CI 1\u00b751-2\u00b771) were more likely to test positive. People with chronic kidney disease were more likely to test positive in the adjusted analysis (68 [32\u00b79%] of 207 with chronic kidney disease vs 519 [14\u00b74%] of 3595 without; adjusted OR 1\u00b791, 95% CI 1\u00b731-2\u00b778), but there was no significant association with other chronic conditions in that analysis. We found increased odds of a positive test among people who are obese (142 [20\u00b79%] of 680 people with obesity vs 171 [13\u00b72%] of 1296 normal-weight people; adjusted OR 1\u00b741, 95% CI 1\u00b704-1\u00b791). Notably, active smoking was linked with decreased odds of a positive test result (47 [11\u00b74%] of 413 active smokers vs 201 [17\u00b79%] of 1125 non-smokers; adjusted OR 0\u00b749, 95% CI 0\u00b734-0\u00b771). A positive SARS-CoV-2 test result in this primary care cohort was associated with similar risk factors as observed for severe outcomes of COVID-19 in hospital settings, except for smoking. We provide evidence of potential sociodemographic factors associated with a positive test, including deprivation, population density, ethnicity, and chronic kidney disease. Wellcome Trust."}, {"pmid": 32324055, "title": "A safe method to evacuate pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgery in suspected COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Ann R Coll Surg Engl", "authors": ["Hanbali, N", "Herrod, Pjj", "Patterson, J"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324055", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224277, "pmcid": "PMC7156805", "title": "COVID-19 and immunomodulator/immunosuppressant use in dermatology.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Price, Kyla N", "Frew, John W", "Hsiao, Jennifer L", "Shi, Vivian Y"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224277", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500648, "title": "Global Coronavirus Pandemic (SARS CoV-2): Past, Present, And Future Of Pediatric Dermatology.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Simonetti, O", "Diotallevi, F", "Campanati, A", "Brisigotti, V", "Radi, G", "Molinelli, E", "Bobyr, I", "Martina, E", "Paolinelli, M", "Sapigni, C", "Offidani, A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500648", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Two months have passed since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the pandemic of the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus, on March 11, 2020. Medical and healthcare workers have continued to be on the frontline to defeat this disease, however, continual changes are being made to their working habits which are proving to be difficult. Although the skin is not the main target of the SARS CoV-2 infection, it is strongly involved both directly and indirectly, in many aspects of dermatological disease management, and particularly in pediatric dermatology. In this manuscript, our goal was to provide a \"up-to-date\" account on this topic, through analysis of current literature and sharing our experiences during this pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32427597, "title": "Schrodinger's Resident: Redeployment in the Age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Sindhu, Kunal K"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427597", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515390, "title": "Obstetrics and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Sharma, J B", "Sharma, Eshani"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515390", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), an RNA virus which has caused pandemic in the whole world. It has put an unprecedented burden on healthcare system globally, and neither obstetricians nor labour rooms are spared as deliveries and caesarean sections cannot be postponed. There is a threat of collapse of healthcare system in maternity wards and labour rooms due to risk for transmission to healthy patients, obstetricians, midwives and other staff. It is not possible to screen all pregnant women especially in developing countries but due to asymptomatic cases, risk of infection looms large. Many countries including India have declared lockdown to stop the transmission but delivery services have to continue. Proper planning and division of the healthcare system into COVID-positive and negative areas with separate staff can help minimise the spread and preserve precious resources. Hospital staff must protect themselves by wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) in COVID-positive and suspected cases."}, {"pmid": 32360605, "pmcid": "PMC7189861", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak and Google searches: Is it really the time to worry about global mental health?", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Misiak, Blazej", "Szczesniak, Dorota", "Koczanowicz, Leszek", "Rymaszewska, Joanna"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360605", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474397, "pmcid": "PMC7187811", "title": "Venous thromboembolism and COVID-19.", "journal": "Respir Med Res", "authors": ["Bertoletti, L", "Couturaud, F", "Montani, D", "Parent, F", "Sanchez, O"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474397", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302995, "pmcid": "PMC7164325", "title": "Editorial. Neurosurgical priority setting during a pandemic: COVID-19.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Bernstein, Mark"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302995", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526051, "title": "Acute maculopapular eruption in Covid-19 patient: a case report.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Rossi, E", "Lasagni, C", "Trakatelli, M", "Wertzberger Rowan, S", "Magnoni, C"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526051", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266498, "pmcid": "PMC7137858", "title": "Management of orthodontic emergencies during 2019-NCOV.", "journal": "Prog Orthod", "authors": ["Caprioglio, Alberto", "Pizzetti, Giulia B", "Zecca, Piero Antonio", "Fastuca, Rosamaria", "Maino, Giuliano", "Nanda, Ravindra"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266498", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439870, "pmcid": "PMC7240244", "title": "COVID-19: the vasculature unleashed.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Teuwen, Laure-Anne", "Geldhof, Vincent", "Pasut, Alessandra", "Carmeliet, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439870", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452447, "pmcid": "PMC7179480", "title": "Corrigendum to \"COVID-19 in forensic medicine unit personnel: Observation from Thailand\" [J Forensic Legal Med 72 May 2020, 101964].", "journal": "J Forensic Leg Med", "authors": ["Sriwijitalai, Won", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452447", "countries": ["Thailand"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234468, "pmcid": "PMC7138178", "title": "The epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Zhai, Pan", "Ding, Yanbing", "Wu, Xia", "Long, Junke", "Zhong, Yanjun", "Li, Yiming"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234468", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China spread worldwide, becoming an emergency of major international concern. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Human-to-human transmission via droplets, contaminated hands or surfaces has been described, with incubation times of 2-14 days. Early diagnosis, quarantine, and supportive treatments are essential to cure patients. This paper reviews the literature on all available information about the epidemiology, diagnosis, isolation and treatments of COVID-19. Treatments, including antiviral agents, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, antibodies, convalescent plasma transfusion and vaccines, are discussed in this article. In addition, registered trials investigating treatment options for COVID-19 infection are listed."}, {"pmid": 32437946, "pmcid": "PMC7211607", "title": "LGBTQ+ Inclusive Palliative Care in the Context of COVID-19: Pragmatic Recommendations for Clinicians.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Rosa, William E", "Shook, Alic", "Acquaviva, Kimberly D"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437946", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to impact the seriously ill and their families on a global scale, considerations given to marginalized groups amid the pandemic are essential to ensure the provision of high-quality and dignified care. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender-nonconforming, and queer/questioning-identified (LGBTQ+) persons are particularly vulnerable to health inequities across settings, including palliative care and at the end of life. There is a crucial gap in the literature pertaining to palliative care for LGBTQ+ populations during COVID-19. We aim to fill this gap by providing essential health inequity and social support background pertaining to LGBTQ+ persons and practical recommendations for immediate implementation that support inclusive and respectful care for these populations. Using these recommendations is a pragmatic pathway to promote trust, transparency, patient and family engagement, and value concordant care amid the health system strain caused by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32384397, "title": "The Risk of Children Hospitalized With Severe COVID-19 in Wuhan.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Wang, Yanli", "Zhu, Feng", "Wang, Cheng", "Wu, Jing", "Liu, Jie", "Chen, Xue", "Xiao, Han", "Liu, Zhisheng", "Wu, Zubo", "Lu, Xiaoxia", "Ma, Jiehui", "Zeng, Ye", "Peng, Hua", "Sun, Dan"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384397", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading globally. Little is known about the risk factors for the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in children. A retrospective case-control study was taken in children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronary virus-2 infection in Wuhan Children's Hospital. Risk factors associated with the development of COVID-19 and progression were collected and analyzed. Eight of 260 children diagnosed with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were included in the study. Thirty-five children with COVID-19 infection matched for age, sex and date of admission, and who classified as non-severe type, were randomly selected from the hospital admissions. For cases with severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19, the most common symptoms were dyspnea (87.5%), fever (62.5%) and cough (62.5%). In laboratory, white blood cells count was significantly higher in severe children than non-severe children. Levels of inflammation bio-makers such as hsCRP, IL-6, IL-10 and D-dimer elevated in severe children compared with non-severe children on admission. The level of total bilirubin and uric acid clearly elevated in severe children compared with non-severe children on admission. All of severe children displayed the lesions on chest CT, more lung segments were involved in severe children than in non-severe children, which was only risk factor associated with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in multivariable analysis. More than 3 lung segments involved were associated with greater risk of development of severe COVID-19 in children. Moreover, the possible risk of the elevation of IL-6, high total bilirubin and D-dimer with univariable analysis could identify patients to be severe earlier."}, {"pmid": 32212409, "title": "Considerations for cardiac catheterization laboratory procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic perspectives from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Emerging Leader Mentorship (SCAI ELM) Members and Graduates.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Szerlip, Molly", "Anwaruddin, Saif", "Aronow, Herbert D", "Cohen, Mauricio G", "Daniels, Matthew J", "Dehghani, Payam", "Drachman, Douglas E", "Elmariah, Sammy", "Feldman, Dmitriy N", "Garcia, Santiago", "Giri, Jay", "Kaul, Prashant", "Kapur, Navin", "Kumbhani, Dharam J", "Meraj, Perwaiz M", "Morray, Brian", "Nayak, Keshav R", "Parikh, Sahil A", "Sakhuja, Rahul", "Schussler, Jeffrey M", "Seto, Arnold", "Shah, Binita", "Swaminathan, Rajesh V", "Zidar, David A", "Naidu, Srihari S"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212409", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is highly infectious, carries significant morbidity and mortality, and has rapidly resulted in strained health care system and hospital resources. In addition to patient-related care concerns in infected individuals, focus must also relate to diminishing community spread, protection of staff, case selection, and concentration of resources. The current document based on available data and consensus opinion addresses appropriate catheterization laboratory preparedness for treating these patients, including procedure-room readiness to minimize external contamination, safe donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) to eliminate risk to staff, and staffing algorithms to minimize exposure and maximize team availability. Case selection and management of both emergent and urgent procedures are discussed in detail, including procedures that may be safely deferred or performed bedside."}, {"pmid": 32504020, "title": "The biggest mystery: what it will take to trace the coronavirus source.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504020", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512021, "title": "Anormal pulmonary function and residual CT abnormalities in rehabilitating COVID-19 patients after discharge: a prospective cohort study.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["You, Jingjing", "Zhang, Lu", "Ni-Jia-Ti, Ma-Yi-di-Li", "Zhang, Jue", "Hu, Fuyin", "Chen, Luyan", "Dong, Yuhao", "Yang, Ke", "Zhang, Bin", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512021", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495850, "title": "The impact of heroin illicit market in the framework of COVID 19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Marinelli, E"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317050, "pmcid": "PMC7175649", "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a scoping review.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Lv, Meng", "Luo, Xufei", "Estill, Janne", "Liu, Yunlan", "Ren, Mengjuan", "Wang, Jianjian", "Wang, Qi", "Zhao, Siya", "Wang, Xiaohui", "Yang, Shu", "Feng, Xixi", "Li, Weiguo", "Liu, Enmei", "Zhang, Xianzhuo", "Wang, Ling", "Zhou, Qi", "Meng, Wenbo", "Qi, Xiaolong", "Xun, Yangqin", "Yu, Xuan", "Chen, Yaolong", "On Behalf Of The Covid-Evidence And Recommendations Working Group"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317050", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BackgroundIn December 2019, a pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China and has rapidly spread around the world since then.AimThis study aims to understand the research gaps related to COVID-19 and propose recommendations for future research.MethodsWe undertook a scoping review of COVID-19, comprehensively searching databases and other sources to identify literature on COVID-19 between 1 December 2019 and 6 February 2020. We analysed the sources, publication date, type and topic of the retrieved articles/studies.ResultsWe included 249 articles in this scoping review. More than half (59.0%) were conducted in China. Guidance/guidelines and consensuses statements (n\u202f=\u202f56; 22.5%) were the most common. Most (n\u202f=\u202f192; 77.1%) articles were published in peer-reviewed journals, 35 (14.1%) on preprint servers and 22 (8.8%) posted online. Ten genetic studies (4.0%) focused on the origin of SARS-CoV-2 while the topics of molecular studies varied. Nine of 22 epidemiological studies focused on estimating the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 infection (R0). Of all identified guidance/guidelines (n\u202f=\u202f35), only ten fulfilled the strict principles of evidence-based practice. The number of articles published per day increased rapidly until the end of January.ConclusionThe number of articles on COVID-19 steadily increased before 6 February 2020. However, they lack diversity and are almost non-existent in some study fields, such as clinical research. The findings suggest that evidence for the development of clinical practice guidelines and public health policies will be improved when more results from clinical research becomes available."}, {"pmid": 32427173, "pmcid": "PMC7228264", "title": "Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): Emergence and implications for emergency care.", "journal": "J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open", "authors": ["Yee, Jane", "Unger, Lucy", "Zadravecz, Frank", "Cariello, Paloma", "Seibert, Allan", "Johnson, Michael Austin", "Fuller, Matthew Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427173", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) causing acute illness with severe symptoms has been isolated in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Since its emergence, cases have been found worldwide, reminiscent of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreaks over the past 2 decades. Current understanding of this epidemic remains limited due to its rapid development and available data. While occurrence outside mainland China remains low, the likelihood of increasing cases globally continues to rise. Given this potential, it is imperative that emergency clinicians understand the preliminary data behind the dynamics of this disease, recognize possible presentations of patients, and understand proposed treatment modalities."}, {"pmid": 32291274, "title": "Covid-19: Third of surgeons do not have adequate PPE, royal college warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291274", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283185, "pmcid": "PMC7194895", "title": "Graft Cryopreservation Does Not Impact Overall Survival after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Using Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide for Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis.", "journal": "Biol Blood Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Hamadani, Mehdi", "Zhang, Mei-Jie", "Tang, Xiao-Ying", "Fei, Mingwei", "Brunstein, Claudio", "Chhabra, Saurabh", "D'Souza, Anita", "Milano, Filippo", "Phelan, Rachel", "Saber, Wael", "Shaw, Bronwen E", "Weisdorf, Daniel", "Devine, Steven M", "Horowitz, Mary M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283185", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant barriers to timely donor evaluation, cell collection, and graft transport for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). To ensure availability of donor cells on the scheduled date of infusion, many sites now collect cryopreserved grafts before the start of pretransplantation conditioning. Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (ptCY) is an increasingly used approach for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, but the impact of graft cryopreservation on the outcomes of allo-HCT using ptCY is not known. Using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) database, we compared the outcomes of HCT using cryopreserved versus fresh grafts in patients undergoing HCT for hematologic malignancy with ptCY. We analyzed 274 patients with hematologic malignancy undergoing allo-HCT between 2013 and 2018 with cryopreserved grafts and ptCY. Eighteen patients received bone marrow grafts and 256 received peripheral blood stem cell grafts. These patients were matched for age, graft type, disease risk index (DRI), and propensity score with 1080 patients who underwent allo-HCT with fresh grafts. The propensity score, which is an assessment of the likelihood of receiving a fresh graft versus a cryopreserved graft, was calculated using logistic regression to account for the following: disease histology, Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS), HCT Comorbidity Index, conditioning regimen intensity, donor type, and recipient race. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), non-relapse mortality (NRM), relapse/progression and disease-free survival (DFS). Because of multiple comparisons, only P values <.01 were considered statistically significant. The 2 cohorts (cryopreserved and fresh) were similar in terms of patient age, KPS, diagnosis, DRI, HCT-CI, donor/graft source, and conditioning intensity. One-year probabilities of OS were 71.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.3% to 73.8%) with fresh grafts and 70.3% (95% CI, 64.6% to 75.7%) with cryopreserved grafts (P\u00a0=\u00a0.81). Corresponding probabilities of OS at 2 years were 60.6% (95% CI, 57.3% to 63.8%) and 58.7% (95% CI, 51.9% to 65.4%) (P\u00a0=\u00a0.62). In matched-pair regression analysis, graft cryopreservation was not associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] for cryopreserved versus fresh, 1.05; 95% CI, .86 to 1.29; P\u00a0=\u00a0.60). Similarly, rates of neutrophil recovery (HR, .91; 95% CI, .80 to 1.02; P\u00a0=\u00a0.12), platelet recovery (HR, .88; 95% CI, .78 to 1.00; P\u00a0=\u00a0.05), grade III-IV acute GVHD (HR, .78; 95% CI, .50 to 1.22; P\u00a0=\u00a0.27), NRM (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, .86 to 1.55; P\u00a0=\u00a0.32) and relapse/progression (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, .97 to 1.50; P\u00a0=\u00a0.09) were similar with cryopreserved grafts versus fresh grafts. There were somewhat lower rates of chronic GVHD (HR, 78; 95% CI, .61 to .99; P\u00a0=\u00a0.04) and DFS (HR for treatment failure, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.29; P\u00a0=\u00a0.04) with graft cryopreservation that were of marginal statistical significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Overall, our data indicate that graft cryopreservation does not significantly delay hematopoietic recovery, increase the risk of acute GVHD or NRM, or decrease OS after allo-HCT using ptCY."}, {"pmid": 32294574, "pmcid": "PMC7151430", "title": "Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The world should face the reality.", "journal": "Environ Int", "authors": ["Morawska, Lidia", "Cao, Junji"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294574", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hand washing and maintaining social distance are the main measures recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to avoid contracting COVID-19. Unfortunately, these measured do not prevent infection by inhalation of small droplets exhaled by an infected person that can travel distance of meters or tens of meters in the air and carry their viral content. Science explains the mechanisms of such transport and there is evidence that this is a significant route of infection in indoor environments. Despite this, no countries or authorities consider airborne spread of COVID-19 in their regulations to prevent infections transmission indoors. It is therefore extremely important, that the national authorities acknowledge the reality that the virus spreads through air, and recommend that adequate control measures be implemented to prevent further spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, in particularly removal of the virus-laden droplets from indoor air by ventilation."}, {"pmid": 32417612, "pmcid": "PMC7212956", "title": "Modification of non-invasive ventilation for the advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient during the COVID-19 pandemic - do it now.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Young, Eufrosina I", "Manta, Dragos", "Sah, Birendra P", "Brooks, Benjamin Rix"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347972, "pmcid": "PMC7267262", "title": "Elevations of serum cancer biomarkers correlate with severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wei, Xiuqi", "Su, Jingyu", "Yang, Kunyu", "Wei, Jiazhou", "Wan, Huimin", "Cao, Xiaoling", "Tan, Wenbin", "Wang, Hui"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347972", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this retrospective study, we evaluated the levels of a series of serum biomarkers in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients (mild: 131; severe: 98; critical: 23). We found that there were significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) (73.6\u2009\u00b1\u200938.3 vs 46.5\u2009\u00b1\u200914.7 pmol/L; P\u2009<\u2009.001), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) (2.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 vs 1.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 \u03bcg/L; P\u2009<\u2009.001), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (3.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2 vs 2.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2 \u03bcg/L; P\u2009<\u2009.001), carbohydrate antigens (CA) 125 (18.1\u2009\u00b1\u200913.5 vs 10.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6 \u03bcg/L; P\u2009<\u2009.001), and 153 (14.4\u2009\u00b1\u20098.9 vs 10.1\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4 \u03bcg/L; P\u2009<\u2009.001) in COVID-19 mild cases as compared to normal control subjects; their levels showed continuous and significant increases in severe and critical cases (HE4, CYFRA21-1, and CA125: P\u2009<\u2009.001; CEA and CA153: P\u2009<\u2009.01). Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly only in critical cases of COVID-19 as compared with mild and severe cases and normal controls (P\u2009<\u2009.01). There were positive associations between levels of C-reactive protein and levels of HE4 (R\u2009=\u2009.631; P\u2009<\u2009.001), CYFRA21-1 (R\u2009=\u2009.431; P\u2009<\u2009.001), CEA (R\u2009=\u2009.316; P\u2009<\u2009.001), SCC (R\u2009=\u2009.351; P\u2009<\u2009.001), CA153 (R\u2009=\u2009.359; P\u2009<\u2009.001) and CA125 (R\u2009=\u2009.223; P\u2009=\u2009.031). We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32146248, "pmcid": "PMC7133679", "title": "The psychiatric impact of the novel coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Carvalho, Poliana Moreira de Medeiros", "Moreira, Marcial Moreno", "de Oliveira, Matheus Nogueira Arcanjo", "Landim, Jose Marcondes Macedo", "Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32146248", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32104917, "pmcid": "PMC7228300", "title": "Development and clinical application of a rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Zhengtu", "Yi, Yongxiang", "Luo, Xiaomei", "Xiong, Nian", "Liu, Yang", "Li, Shaoqiang", "Sun, Ruilin", "Wang, Yanqun", "Hu, Bicheng", "Chen, Wei", "Zhang, Yongchen", "Wang, Jing", "Huang, Baofu", "Lin, Ye", "Yang, Jiasheng", "Cai, Wensheng", "Wang, Xuefeng", "Cheng, Jing", "Chen, Zhiqiang", "Sun, Kangjun", "Pan, Weimin", "Zhan, Zhifei", "Chen, Liyan", "Ye, Feng"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32104917", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) quickly spread all over China and to more than 20 other countries. Although the virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a0[SARS-Cov-2]) nucleic acid real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test has become the standard method for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, these real-time PCR test kits have many limitations. In addition, high false-negative rates were reported. There is an urgent need for an accurate and rapid test method to quickly identify a large number of infected patients and asymptomatic carriers to prevent virus transmission and assure timely treatment of patients. We have developed a rapid and simple point-of-care lateral flow immunoassay that can detect immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies simultaneously against SARS-CoV-2 virus in human blood within 15 minutes which can detect patients at different infection stages. With this test kit, we carried out clinical studies to validate its clinical efficacy uses. The clinical detection sensitivity and specificity of this test were measured using blood samples collected from 397 PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients and 128 negative patients at eight different clinical sites. The overall testing sensitivity was 88.66% and specificity was 90.63%. In addition, we evaluated clinical diagnosis results obtained from different types of venous and fingerstick blood samples. The results indicated great detection consistency among samples from fingerstick blood, serum and plasma of venous blood. The IgM-IgG combined assay has better utility and sensitivity compared with a single IgM or IgG test. It can be used for the rapid screening of SARS-CoV-2 carriers, symptomatic or asymptomatic, in hospitals, clinics, and test laboratories."}, {"pmid": 32394872, "pmcid": "PMC7270482", "title": "Tackling the Burden of Neurological Diseases in Canada with Virtual Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Appireddy, Ramana", "Jalini, Shirin", "Shukla, Garima", "Boisse Lomax, Lysa"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394872", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473022, "title": "Coronavirus disease-2019 in pregnancy with neurological manifestations versus pregnancy with eclampsia: Need for liberal testing to rule out the masquerades.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Singh, Sweta"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473022", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487005, "title": "Smartphone-Based Self-Testing of COVID-19 Using Breathing Sounds.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Faezipour, Miad", "Abuzneid, Abdelshakour"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487005", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    Telemedicine could be a key to control the world-wide disruptive and spreading novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The COVID-19 virus directly targets the lungs, leading to pneumonia-like symptoms and shortness of breath with life-threatening consequences. Despite the fact that self-quarantine and social distancing are indispensable during the pandemic, the procedure for testing COVID-19 contraction is conventionally available through nasal swabs, saliva test kits, and blood work at healthcare settings. Therefore, devising personalized self-testing kits for COVID-19 virus and other similar viruses is heavily admired. Many e-health initiatives have been made possible by the advent of smartphones with embedded software, hardware, high-performance computing, and connectivity capabilities. A careful review of breathing sounds and their implications in identifying breathing complications suggests that the breathing sounds of COVID-19 contracted users may reveal certain acoustic signal patterns, which is worth investigating. To this end, acquiring respiratory data solely from breathing sounds fed to the smartphone's microphone strikes as a very appealing resolution. The acquired breathing sounds can be analyzed using advanced signal processing and analysis in tandem with new deep/machine learning and pattern recognition techniques to separate the breathing phases, estimate the lung volume, oxygenation, and to further classify the breathing data input into healthy or unhealthy cases. The ideas presented have the potential to be deployed as self-test breathing monitoring apps for the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, where users can check their breathing sound pattern frequently through the app.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32246121, "title": "Safely conducting essential research in the face of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Gewin, Virginia"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246121", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415955, "pmcid": "PMC7239214", "title": "COVID-19: The New Caledonia experience.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kerbaj, Jad", "Cazorla, Cecile", "De Greslan, Thierry", "Serie, Mathieu", "Gourinat, Ann-Claire", "Marot, Benoit"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415955", "countries": ["New Caledonia", "France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New Caledonia is a French associated territory in the South Pacific Ocean. While COVID-19 is expanding over the world, we seem to be well preserved with a total of 18 documented cases. We report the measures implemented on our island that probably helped containing an epidemic spread."}, {"pmid": 32455796, "title": "Optimization of the CDC Protocol of Molecular Diagnosis of COVID-19 for Timely Diagnosis.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Chen, Chao-Ju", "Hsieh, Li-Ling", "Lin, Shu-Kai", "Wang, Chu-Feng", "Huang, Yi-Hui", "Lin, Shang-Yi", "Lu, Po-Liang"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455796", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the current uncontrolled outbreak of infectious disease, has caused significant challenges throughout the world. A reliable rapid diagnostic test for COVID-19 is demanded worldwide. The real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain was one of the most quickly established methods in the novel viral pandemic and was considered as the gold standard for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this report, we illustrate our experience of applying a protocol from the Taiwan CDC and achieving assay optimization in the immediate circumstances to meet the urgent medical and public health needs."}, {"pmid": 32201125, "pmcid": "PMC7102601", "title": "Novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wu, Na", "Zhang, Yi", "Yu, Yong-Sheng"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201125", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483515, "pmcid": "PMC7255081", "title": "What Do We Need to Know to Improve Diagnostic Testing Methods for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus?", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Mustafa, Zahid", "Ghaffari, Masoumeh"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483515", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is widespread agreement that reliable, fast, and easy-to-produce diagnostic testing methods that have high sensitivity and specificity are essential for guiding appropriate responses to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak. At the present time, there are important unanswered questions about testing methods for SARS-CoV-2. This review article interprets recent findings related to the principal testing methods used to diagnose SARS-CoV-2, including reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), chest imaging, and immunoassay. We discuss the value and limitations of these approaches and\u00a0suggest directions for future research that can advance the understanding of diagnostic methods. Addressing areas of uncertainty will improve clinical outcomes\u00a0and allow more effective policies to be implemented to control the disease."}, {"pmid": 32425201, "pmcid": "PMC7229717", "title": "Anti-Asian sentiment in the United States - COVID-19 and history.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Chen, H Alexander", "Trinh, Jessica", "Yang, George P"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425201", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359035, "title": "Pilot prospective open, single-arm multicentre study on off-label use of tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Sciascia, Savino", "Apra, Franco", "Baffa, Alessandra", "Baldovino, Simone", "Boaro, Daniela", "Boero, Roberto", "Bonora, Stefano", "Calcagno, Andrea", "Cecchi, Irene", "Cinnirella, Giacoma", "Converso, Marcella", "Cozzi, Martina", "Crosasso, Paola", "De Iaco, Fabio", "Di Perri, Giovanni", "Eandi, Mario", "Fenoglio, Roberta", "Giusti, Massimo", "Imperiale, Daniele", "Imperiale, Gianlorenzo", "Livigni, Sergio", "Manno, Emilpaolo", "Massara, Carlo", "Milone, Valeria", "Natale, Giuseppe", "Navarra, Mauro", "Oddone, Valentina", "Osella, Sara", "Piccioni, Pavilio", "Radin, Massimo", "Roccatello, Dario", "Rossi, Daniela"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359035", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No agent has yet been proven to be effective for the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19. We conducted a pilot prospective open, single-arm multicentre study on off-label use of tocilizumab (TCZ) involving 63 hospitalised adult patients (56 males, age 62.6\u00b112.5) with severe COVID-19. Clinical and laboratory parameters were prospectively collected at baseline, day 1, 2, 7 and 14. No moderate-to-severe adverse events attributable to TCZ were recorded. We observed a significant improvement in the levels of ferritin, C-reactive protein, D-dimer. The ratio of the partial pressure of oxygen (Pa02) to the fraction of inspired oxygen (Fi02) improved (mean\u00b1SD Pa02/Fi02 at admission: 152\u00b153; at day 7: 283.73\u00b1115.9, at day 14: 302.2\u00b1126, p<0.05). The overall mortality was 11%; D-dimer level at baseline, but not IL-6 levels were predictors of mortality. TCZ administration within 6 days from admission in the hospital was associated with an increased likelihood of survival (HR 2.2 95%CI 1.3-6.7, p<0.05). In hospitalised adult patients with severe COVID-19, TCZ could be a safe option. An improvement in respiratory and laboratory parameters was observed. Future controlled trials in patients with severe illness are urgently needed to confirm the definite benefit with IL-6 target therapy."}, {"pmid": 32046816, "pmcid": "PMC7014668", "title": "Effectiveness of airport screening at detecting travellers infected with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Quilty, Billy J", "Clifford, Sam", "Flasche, Stefan", "Eggo, Rosalind M"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32046816", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We evaluated effectiveness of thermal passenger screening for 2019-nCoV infection at airport exit and entry to inform public health decision-making. In our baseline scenario, we estimated that 46% (95% confidence interval: 36 to 58) of infected travellers would not be detected, depending on incubation period, sensitivity of exit and entry screening, and proportion of asymptomatic cases. Airport screening is unlikely to detect a sufficient proportion of 2019-nCoV infected travellers to avoid entry of infected travellers."}, {"pmid": 32419941, "pmcid": "PMC7223291", "title": "EAHP launches COVID-19 resource centre for hospital pharmacists.", "journal": "Eur J Hosp Pharm", "authors": ["Kohl, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419941", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479815, "pmcid": "PMC7258844", "title": "COVID-19 and the impact on malaria.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chiodini, Jane"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479815", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524962, "title": "Case report: COVID-19 Masquerading as an Acute Surgical Abdomen.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Ahmed, Ashraf O E", "Badawi, Mohamed", "Ahmed, Khalid", "Mohamed, Mouhand F H"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524962", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection can present with various clinical features, among which gastrointestinal manifestations such as nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and mild abdominal pain have been reported. Recognition of rare presentations of SARS-CoV-2 infection has increased over time. These atypical and rare presentations may lead to difficulties in establishing the diagnosis in a timely manner; furthermore, they may lead to unnecessary investigations, extended hospital stays, adverse outcomes, and more strain on healthcare resources. We present three cases admitted to our hospital with a picture that mimicked an acute abdomen, necessitating surgical assessment and evaluation. All cases turned out to be SARS-CoV-2 positive and did not require surgical management. We discuss the management course, highlight the importance of abdominal symptoms in the setting of COVID-19, and discuss the implications of this association for medical practice amid the current pandemic in both resource-rich and resource-limited settings."}, {"pmid": 32358311, "title": "Failure of free flaps in head and neck oncology surgery in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Plast Reconstr Surg", "authors": ["Benmoussa, Nadia", "de Kerangal, Quitterie", "Leymarie, Nicolas", "Breuskin, Ingrid", "Rigal, Tiffany", "Alkhashnam, Heba", "Tendron, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358311", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522412, "title": "A Snapshot from the Department of Urology in Bergamo Evaluating the Timeline of the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: Which Patients Are We Missing?", "journal": "Eur Urol Focus", "authors": ["Roscigno, Marco", "Naspro, Richard", "Picciche, Antonio", "Muttin, Fabio", "Angiolilli, Diego", "Deiana, Gianfranco", "Pezzoli, Fabio", "Da Pozzo, Luigi F"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522412", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The province of Bergamo in Italy and in particular Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital was one of the first areas to be hit by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and experience firsthand all the different phases of the crisis. We describe the timeline of the changes in overall urological workload during the outbreak period from lockdown to the slow reopening of activities. We sought to compare the 2020 hospital scenario with normality in the same period in 2019, highlighting the rationale behind decision-making when guidelines were not yet available. While we focus on the changes in surgical volumes for both elective (oncological and noncancer) and urgent cases, we have still to confront the risk of untreated and underdiagnosed patients. PATIENT SUMMARY: We present a snapshot of changes in urology during the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in our hospital in Bergamo, Italy. The effect of medical lockdown on outcomes for untreated or underdiagnosed patients is still unknown."}, {"pmid": 32499922, "pmcid": "PMC7248455", "title": "ACE2 expression and sex disparity in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell Death Discov", "authors": ["Gagliardi, Maria Cristina", "Tieri, Paolo", "Ortona, Elena", "Ruggieri, Anna"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499922", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287786, "pmcid": "PMC7131298", "title": "Coronavirus spreads.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Hamzelou, Jessica"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287786", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The deadly virus that emerged in Wuhan, China, may be much more contagious than initially thought. Jessica Hamzelou reports."}, {"pmid": 32305252, "pmcid": "PMC7128762", "title": "Smartphone-enabled wireless otoscope-assisted online telemedicine during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Meng, Xiangming", "Dai, Zhiyong", "Hang, Chao", "Wang, Yangyang"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305252", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207541, "title": "COVID-19, Urologists and Hospitals.", "journal": "Urol J", "authors": ["Kashi, Amir Hossein"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207541", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398350, "title": "Covid-19 and decarceration.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sivashanker, Karthik", "Rossman, Jessie", "Resnick, Andrew", "Berwick, Donald M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398350", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270770, "title": "The research community must meet the coronavirus disease 2019 challenge.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Singh, Poonam Khetrapal"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270770", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451932, "pmcid": "PMC7246971", "title": "Google trends and COVID-19 in Italy: could we brace for impact?", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ciaffi, Jacopo", "Meliconi, Riccardo", "Landini, Maria Paola", "Ursini, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451932", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370466, "title": "[Characteristics of peripheral blood leukocyte differential counts in patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Y X", "Wu, W", "Yang, T", "Zhou, W", "Fu, Y M", "Feng, Q M", "Ye, J M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370466", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the early changes of peripheral blood leukocyte differential counts in patients with COVID-19. Ten patients with COVID-19 and 30 patients with other viral pneumonia (non-COVID-19) admitted to The Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Jinshan Branch Hospital from January 22 to February 17, 2020 were enrolled in this study. The differential counts of white blood cells (WBC) were analyzed. Patients in COVID-19 group showed relatively lower absolute WBC count 4.95(3.90,6.03)\u00d710(9)/L, lymphocyte absolute count 1.20(0.98,1.50)\u00d710(9)/L and eosinophil absolute count 0.01(0.01,0.01)\u00d710(9)/L. Leukopenia developed in two patients(2/10), lymphocytopenia also in two patients(2/10). Seven over ten patients presented with eosinophil cytopenia. In non-COVID-19 group, absolute WBC count was 8.20(6.78,9.03)\u00d710(9)/L (P<0.001), lymphocyte absolute count 1.75(1.20,2.53)\u00d710(9)/L(P=0.036), eosinophil absolute count 0.02(0.01,0.03)\u00d710(9)/L(P=0.005). Lymphocytopenia occurred in 16.7% patients, eosinophil cytopenia in 16.7% patients too. In conclusion, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia and eosinophil cytopenia are more common in COVID-19 patients than those in non-COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32425708, "pmcid": "PMC7229914", "title": "La batalla contra la enfermedad del Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): Manejo de Emergencia y Control de Infecciones en un Departamento de Radiologia.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Huang, Zixing", "Zhao, Shuang", "Li, Zhenlin", "Chen, Weixia", "Zhao, Lihong", "Deng, Lipeng", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425708", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Describir las estrategias, manejo de emergencias y los procedimientos de control de infecciones de nuestro departamento durante el brote de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Creamos un equipo de manejo de emergencias. El equipo estableci\u00f3 varias medidas: Reconfiguraci\u00f3n del flujo de trabajo en el departamento de radiolog\u00eda, distribuci\u00f3n de material de protecci\u00f3n personal y adiestramiento del personal, procedimientos para la obtenci\u00f3n de im\u00e1genes en pacientes sospechosos o confirmados con COVID-19, as\u00ed como para pacientes sin historial de exposici\u00f3n o s\u00edntomas. Aquellos con sospecha o confirmaci\u00f3n de COVID-19 fueron escaneados en una unidad dedicada para ello. ados: Del 21 de enero del 2020 hasta el 9 de marzo del 2020, 3,083 personas con sospecha o confirmaci\u00f3n de COVID-19 recibieron CT de torax. Incluyendo los ex\u00e1menes iniciales y repetidos, el n\u00famero total de CT fue 3,340. Como resultado de nuestras medidas de precauci\u00f3n, ninguno de los miembros del personal del departamento de radiolog\u00eda fue infectado con COVID-19. Las estrategias de planificaci\u00f3n y las protecciones adecuadas pueden ayudar a proteger a los pacientes y al personal contra una enfermedad altamente infecciosa. Y a la misma vez ayudar a mantener la capacidad de atender un volumen alto de pacientes."}, {"pmid": 32502430, "pmcid": "PMC7266576", "title": "COVID-19 and essential pregnant worker policies.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["McDonald, Elizabeth S"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502430", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401684, "title": "Virtual Cancer Care During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic: We Need to Get It Right.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Meti, Nicholas", "Rossos, Peter G", "Cheung, Matthew C", "Singh, Simron"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401684", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452455, "pmcid": "PMC7165088", "title": "Professional autonomy and liability of the resident doctor: Between the hammer and the anvil.", "journal": "J Forensic Leg Med", "authors": ["Cioffi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452455", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Within the regime of professional liability of doctors in training, the limits and the medico-legal aspects of their professional duties are not well-defined. The Italian Court of Cassation established in its sentence no. 26311/2019 that resident doctors do not work at hospitals just to receive their professional training. They are, indeed, licensed physicians and therefore bear full responsibility for the acts performed within the compass of their professional activity. The purpose of this article is to briefly define the possible consequences of this judgment."}, {"pmid": 32252591, "title": "COVID-19 and the Heart.", "journal": "Circ Res", "authors": ["Akhmerov, Akbarshakh", "Marban, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252591", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus produces a clinical syndrome known as 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). When severe, COVID-19 is a systemic illness characterized by hyperinflammation, cytokine storm, and elevations of cardiac injury biomarkers. Here, we review what is known about the pathophysiology of COVID-19, its cardiovascular manifestations, and emerging therapeutic prospects. In this rapidly moving field, this review was comprehensive as of April 3, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32503846, "title": "Safely restarting GI endoscopy in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Hayee, Bu'Hussain", "Thoufeeq, Mo", "Rees, Colin J", "Penman, Ian", "East, James"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503846", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462412, "pmcid": "PMC7253233", "title": "Acute Symptomatic Seizures in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: Is There an Association?", "journal": "Neurocrit Care", "authors": ["Hepburn, Madihah", "Mullaguri, Naresh", "George, Pravin", "Hantus, Stephen", "Punia, Vineet", "Bhimraj, Adarsh", "Newey, Christopher R"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462412", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a global pandemic. Historically, the group of human coronaviruses can also affect the central nervous system leading to neurological symptoms; however, the causative mechanisms of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 disease are not well known. Seizures have not been directly reported as a part of COVID-19 outside of patients with previously known brain injury or epilepsy. We report two cases of acute symptomatic seizures, in non-epileptic patients, associated with severe COVID-19 disease. Two advanced-age, non-epileptic, male patients presented to our northeast Ohio-based health system with concern for infection in Mid-March 2020. Both had a history of lung disease and during their hospitalization tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. They developed acute encephalopathy days into their hospitalization with clinical and electrographic seizures. Resolution of seizures was achieved with levetiracetam. Patients with COVID-19 disease are at an elevated risk for seizures, and the mechanism of these seizures is likely multifactorial. Clinical (motor) seizures may not be readily detected in this population due to the expansive utilization of sedatives and paralytics for respiratory optimization strategies. Many of these patients are also not electrographically monitored for seizures due to limited resources, multifactorial risk for acute encephalopathy, and the risk of cross-contamination. Previously, several neurological symptoms were seen in patients with more advanced COVID-19 disease, and these were thought to be secondary to multi-system organ failure and/or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy-related brain injury. However, these patients may also have an advanced breakdown of the blood-brain barrier precipitated by pro-inflammatory cytokine reactions. The neurotropic effect and neuroinvasiveness of\u00a0SARS-Coronavirus-2 have not been directly established. Acute symptomatic seizures are possible in patients with COVID-19 disease. These seizures are likely multifactorial in origin, including cortical irritation due to blood-brain barrier breakdown, precipitated by the cytokine reaction as a part of the viral infection. Patients with clinical signs of seizures or otherwise unexplained encephalopathy may benefit from electroencephalography monitoring and/or empiric anti-epileptic therapy. Further studies are needed to elucidate the risk of seizures and benefit of monitoring in this population."}, {"pmid": 32349014, "pmcid": "PMC7202103", "title": "Medical Students Are Not Essential Workers: Examining Institutional Responsibility During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Menon, Anitha", "Klein, Edwin J", "Kollars, Kate", "Kleinhenz, Alissa L W"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349014", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the evolving COVID-19 pandemic, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) released a joint statement in March 2020 recommending an immediate suspension of medical student participation in direct patient contact. As graduating medical students who will soon begin residency, the authors fully support this recommendation. Though paid health care workers, like residents, nurses, and environmental services staff, are essential to the management of COVID-19 patients, medical students are not. Students' continued involvement in direct patient care will contribute to SARS-CoV-2 exposures and transmissions and will waste already limited personal protective equipment. By decreasing non-essential personnel in health care settings, including medical students, medical schools will contribute to national and global efforts to \"flatten the curve.\"The authors also assert that medical schools are responsible for ensuring medical student safety. Without the protections provided to paid health care workers, students are uniquely disadvantaged within the medical hierarchy; these inequalities must be addressed before medical students are safely reintegrated into clinical roles. Although graduating medical students and institutional leadership may worry that suspending clinical rotations might prevent students from completing graduation requirements, the authors argue the ethical obligation to \"flatten the curve\" supersedes usual teaching responsibilities. Therefore, the authors request further guidance from the LCME and AAMC regarding curricular exemptions/alternatives and adjusted graduation timelines. The pool of graduating medical students affected by this pause in direct patient contact represents a powerful reserve, which may soon need to be utilized as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to challenge the U.S. health care infrastructure."}, {"pmid": 32175719, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on rehabilitation services and Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) physicians' activities in Italy. An official document of the Italian PRM Society (SIMFER).", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Boldrini, Paolo", "Bernetti, Andrea", "Fiore, Pietro"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175719", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363254, "pmcid": "PMC7192214", "title": "Effectiveness of Ultraviolet-C Light and a High-Level Disinfection Cabinet for Decontamination of N95 Respirators.", "journal": "Pathog Immun", "authors": ["Cadnum, Jennifer L", "Li, Daniel F", "Redmond, Sarah N", "John, Amrita R", "Pearlmutter, Basya", "Donskey, Curtis J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363254", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) including N95 respirators are an urgent concern in the setting of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Decontamination of PPE could be useful to maintain adequate supplies, but there is uncertainty regarding the efficacy of decontamination technologies. A modification of the American Society for Testing and Materials standard quantitative carrier disk test method (ASTM E-2197-11) was used to examine the effectiveness of 3 methods, including ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light, a high-level disinfection cabinet that generates aerosolized peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, and dry heat at 70\u00b0C for 30 minutes. We assessed the decontamination of 3 commercial N95 respirators inoculated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and bacteriophages MS2 and Phi6; the latter is an enveloped RNA virus used as a surrogate for coronaviruses. Three and 6 log10 reductions on respirators were considered effective for decontamination and disinfection, respectively. UV-C administered as a 1-minute cycle in a UV-C box or a 30-minute cycle by a room decontamination device reduced contamination but did not meet criteria for decontamination of the viruses from all sites on the N95s. The high-level disinfection cabinet was effective for decontamination of the N95s and achieved disinfection with an extended 31-minute cycle. Dry heat at 70\u00b0C for 30 minutes was not effective for decontamination of the bacteriophages. UV-C could be useful to reduce contamination on N95 respirators. However, the UV-C technologies studied did not meet pre-established criteria for decontamination under the test conditions used. The high-level disinfection cabinet was more effective and met criteria for disinfection with an extended cycle."}, {"pmid": 32487460, "pmcid": "PMC7256518", "title": "Outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for patients with COVID-19: A pooled analysis of 331 cases.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Melhuish, Thomas M", "Vlok, Ruan", "Thang, Christopher", "Askew, Judith", "White, Leigh"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487460", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433388, "title": "COVID-19 Prevention and Control Public Health Strategies in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Zhang, Ni", "Shi, Tianqin", "Zhong, Heng", "Guo, Yijia"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433388", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. This research aims to analyze the public health strategies to prevent and control COVID-19 in Shanghai, China, and provide recommendations for public health policy and interventions in the United States. Based on the Social-Ecological Model, this research collected information for public health strategies from the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission and various Chinese websites. The daily confirmed new cases of COVID-19 decreased from 27 to 0 in 53 days since the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Shanghai on January 20, 2020. The pattern of daily confirmed new cases suggests the effectiveness of public health strategies. This research also provides recommendations on the development and improvements of public health strategies in the U.S. by acknowledging the differences in political and social systems between the two countries."}, {"pmid": 32161968, "pmcid": "PMC7108162", "title": "A comparative study on the clinical features of COVID-19 pneumonia to other pneumonias.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Dahai", "Yao, Feifei", "Wang, Lijie", "Zheng, Ling", "Gao, Yongjun", "Ye, Jun", "Guo, Feng", "Zhao, Hui", "Gao, Rongbao"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161968", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has raised world concern since it emerged in Wuhan Hubei China in December, 2019. The infection may result into severe pneumonia with clusters illness onsets. Its impacts on public health make it paramount to clarify the clinical features with other pneumonias. Nineteen 2019-nCoV pneumonia (NCOVID-19) and fifteen other pneumonia patients (NON-NCOVID-19) in out of Hubei places were involved in this study. Both NCOVID-19 and NON-NCOVID-19 patients were confirmed to be infected in throat swabs or/and sputa with or without 2019-nCoV by real-time RT-PCR. We analyzed the demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and radiological features from those patients, and compared the difference between NCOVID-19 and NON-NCOVID-19. All patients had a history of exposure to confirmed case of 2019-nCoV or travel to Hubei before illness. The median duration, respectively, was 8 (IQR:6~11) and 5 (IQR:4~11) days from exposure to onset in NCOVID-19 and NON-NCOVID-19. The clinical symptoms were similar between NCOVID-19 and NON-NCOVID-19. The most common symptoms were fever and cough. Fifteen (78.95%) NCOVID-19 but 4 (26.67%) NON-NCOVID-19 patients had bilateral involvement while 17 (89.47%) NCOVID-19 but 1 (6.67%) NON-NCOVID-19 patients had multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity of chest CT images. Compared to NON-NCOVID-19, NCOVID-19 present remarkably more abnormal laboratory tests including AST, ALT, \u03b3-GT, LDH and \u03b1-HBDH. The 2019-nCoV infection caused similar onsets to other pneumonias. CT scan may be a reliable test for screening NCOVID-19 cases. Liver function damage is more frequent in NCOVID-19 than NON-NCOVID-19 patients. LDH and \u03b1-HBDH may be considerable markers for evaluation of NCOVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32388706, "pmcid": "PMC7211046", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Obesity and Bariatric Surgery.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Hussain, Abdulzahra", "Mahawar, Kamal", "El-Hasani, Shamsi"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388706", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425430, "pmcid": "PMC7233223", "title": "Out Patient Department practices in orthopaedics amidst COVID-19: The evolving model.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Lal, Hitesh", "Sharma, Deepak Kumar", "Patralekh, Mohit Kumar", "Jain, Vijay Kumar", "Maini, Lalit"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425430", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic on 11th March 2020 by the World Health Organization and consequent lockdown imposed in several areas resulted in a marked reduction in orthopaedic practice. Although some guidelines for patient care in orthopaedic practice have been published, overall, publications focusing exclusively on guidelines on starting orthopaedic outpatient departments (OPD) after the COVID-19 lockdown amidst the on-going pandemic are lacking. We hereby propose the evolving knowledge in changes in OPD management practices for orthopaedic surgeons in the COVID- 19 era. The emphasis on online registration (e-registration) should be given impetus and become the new norm supplemented by telephonic and spot registration for the uneducated patients. The review highlights the safety of patient and orthopaedic surgeons in OPD by screening and maintaining hygiene at various levels. The article also mentions the duties of the help desk, OPD hall supervisor and the new norms of Air Conditioning, ventilation, safe use of elevators, sanitization of OPD premises and biomedical waste disposal. The optimum and safe utilization of human & material resources, DO's and DON'Ts for patients & health staff have also been proposed. The reorganization of plaster room, the precaution during plastering, fracture clinic, dressing and injection room services are discussed as per evolving guidelines. This article will give deep insight into the OPD plan &telemedicine graphically also. The authors suggest updating and downward permeation of existing e-infrastructure of government health services that is up-gradation of existing tertiary level online registration services, a paperless model of OPD Consultation & dispensation. The future updating of Aarogya Setu App (https://mygov.in/aarogya-setu-app/). for convenient online OPD registration and dispensation has been discussed and proposed. This review will help in containing the spread of COVID 19 and build upon the health gains achieved after lockdown. The easy concept of CCCATTT has been introduced, and the OPD Plan has also been suggested. We have endeavoured to holistically detail an orthopaedic OPD setup and its upkeep in COVID-19 pandemic, but since the knowledge of COVID 19 is ever-evolving it needs replenishment by regular education for health staff."}, {"pmid": 32342861, "pmcid": "PMC7194592", "title": "International expert consensus statement regarding radiotherapy treatment options for rectal cancer during the COVID 19 pandemic.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Marijnen, C A M", "Peters, F P", "Rodel, C", "Bujko, K", "Haustermans, K", "Fokas, E", "Glynne-Jones, R", "Valentini, V", "Spindler, K-L G", "Guren, M G", "Maingon, Philippe", "Calvo, F A", "Pares, O", "Glimelius, B", "Sebag-Montefiore, D"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342861", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393463, "title": "Covid-19: EU states report 60% rise in emergency calls about domestic violence.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393463", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417235, "pmcid": "PMC7200390", "title": "Stroke priorities during COVID-19 outbreak: acting both fast and safe.", "journal": "J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis", "authors": ["Pedicelli, Alessandro", "Valente, Iacopo", "Pilato, Fabio", "Distefano, Marisa", "Colosimo, Cesare"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417235", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spreads all over the world, the healthcare systems are facing the dramatic challenge of simultaneously fight against the outbreak and life-threating emergencies. In this biological setting, emergency departments and neurovascular teams are exposed to high risk of infection and should therefore be prepared to deal with neurological emergencies safely. The purpose of this article is to analyze the current evidence on COVID-19 in the context of acute ischemic stroke and to describe the model of behavior we are putting into action to maintain the stroke pathway both rapid for the patient and safe for the healthcare professionals. We reserve a specific focus on personal protection equipment, dress code and healthcare professional behavior."}, {"pmid": 32492142, "title": "Utilising Point of Care Diagnostics to Minimise Nosocomial Infection in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["McDermott, J H", "Stoddard, D", "Ellingford, J M", "Gokhale, D", "Reynard, C", "Black, G", "Body, R", "Newman, W G"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492142", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461251, "title": "Emergency department preparation for COVID-19: accelerated care units.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Noble, Jeanne", "Degesys, Nida Felicija", "Kwan, Elizabeth", "Grom, Edward", "Brown, Cortlyn", "Fahimi, Jahan", "Raven, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461251", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By 11 February 2020 when the WHO named the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease it causes (COVID-19), it was evident that the virus was spreading rapidly outside of China. Although San Francisco did not confirm its first locally transmitted cases until the first week of March, our ED and health system began preparing for a potential COVID-19 surge in late February 2020.In this manuscript, we detail how the above responses were instrumental in the rapid deployment of two military-grade negative-pressure medical tents, named accelerated care units (ACU). We describe engagement of our workforce, logistics of creating new care areas, ensuring safety through personal protective equipment access and conservation, and the adaptive leadership challenges that this process posed.We know of no other comprehensive examples of how EDs have prepared for COVID-19 in the peer-reviewed literature. Many other EDs both in and outside of California have requested access to the details of how we operationalised our ACUs to facilitate their own planning. This demonstrates the urgent need to disseminate this information to our colleagues. Below we describe the process of developing and launching our ACUs as a potential model for other EDs around the country."}, {"pmid": 32318643, "pmcid": "PMC7169880", "title": "Thoracic radiation therapy during COVID-19: provisional guidelines from a comprehensive cancer center within a pandemic epicenter.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Wu, Abraham J", "Rimner, Andreas", "Shepherd, Annemarie F", "Gelblum, Daphna Y", "Shaverdian, Narek", "Yorke, Ellen", "Simone, Charles B 2nd", "Gomez, Daniel R"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411313, "pmcid": "PMC7221383", "title": "FAVORABLE ANAKINRA RESPONSES IN SEVERE COVID-19 PATIENTS WITH SECONDARY HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Dimopoulos, George", "de Mast, Quirijn", "Markou, Nikolaos", "Theodorakopoulou, Maria", "Komnos, Apostolos", "Mouktaroudi, Maria", "Netea, Mihai G", "Spyridopoulos, Themistoklis", "Verheggen, Rebecca J", "Hoogerwerf, Jacobien", "Lachana, Alexandra", "van de Veerdonk, Frank L", "Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411313", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dysregulation of inflammation is hypothesized to play a crucial role in the severe complications of COVID-19, with IL-1/IL-6 pathway being central. Here, we report on the treatment of eight severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients-- seven hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) in Greece and one non-ICU patient in the Netherlands-- with the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist Anakinra. All patients scored positive for the hemophagocytosis score (HScore) and were diagnosed with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (sHLH) characterized by pancytopenia, hyper-coagulation, acute kidney injury and hepatobiliary dysfunction. At the end-of-treatment, ICU patients had less need for vasopressors, significantly improved respiratory function and lower HScore. Although three patients died, the mortality was lower than historical series of patients with sHLH in sepsis. These data suggest that administration of Anakinra may be beneficial for treating severe COVID-19 patients with sHLH as determined by the HScore and support the need for larger clinical studies to validate this concept."}, {"pmid": 32420942, "title": "COVID19: potential cardiovascular issues in pediatric patients.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Bertoncelli, Deborah", "Guidarini, Marta", "Della Greca, Anna", "Ratti, Chiara", "Falcinella, Francesca", "Iovane, Brunella", "Dutto, Mauro Luigi", "Caffarelli, Carlo", "Tchana, Bertrand"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420942", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV 2) has rapidly spread worldwide with increasing hospitalization and mortality rate. Ongoing studies and accumulated data are de- tailing the features and the effects of the new coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) in the adult population, and cardiovascular involvement is emerging as the most significant and life-threatening complication, with an in- creased risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. At present, though the limited data on the effects of COVID 19 in pediatric patients, children seem to count for a little proportion of SARS-COV 2 infection, and present with less severe disease and effects However infants and toddlers are at risk of developing critical course. The disease has a range of clinical presentations in children, for which the potential need for further investigation of myocardial injury and cardiovascular issues should be kept in mind to avoid misdiagnosing severe clinical entities. Overlapping with Kawasaki disease is a concern, particularly the incomplete and atypical form. We aim to summarize the initial considerations and potential cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 for children and patients with congenital heart disease."}, {"pmid": 32328927, "pmcid": "PMC7179793", "title": "COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Ultrason (2001)", "authors": ["Hirooka, Yoshiki"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328927", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327427, "title": "Myositis as a manifestation of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Beydon, Maxime", "Chevalier, Kevin", "Al Tabaa, Omar", "Hamroun, Sabrina", "Delettre, Anne-Sophie", "Thomas, Marion", "Herrou, Julia", "Riviere, Elodie", "Mariette, Xavier"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327427", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303697, "pmcid": "PMC7186928", "title": "Will we see protection or reinfection in COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Ota, Miyo"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303697", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456845, "pmcid": "PMC7245243", "title": "Effectiveness of Clinical Examination in Cancer Surveillance: New Paradigm to Cancer Survivorship Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Boon, I S", "Au Yong, T P T", "Boon, C S"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456845", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277387, "pmcid": "PMC7146012", "title": "Management of COVID-19 in patients after liver transplantation: Beijing working party for liver transplantation.", "journal": "Hepatol Int", "authors": ["Liu, Hongling", "He, Xi", "Wang, Yudong", "Zhou, Shuangnan", "Zhang, Dali", "Zhu, Jiye", "He, Qiang", "Zhu, Zhijun", "Li, Guangming", "Sun, Libo", "Wang, Jianli", "Cheng, Gregory", "Liu, Zhenwen", "Lau, George"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277387", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Annually, around 850 liver transplantation is performed in Beijing, China. Recently, the new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has affected nearly 200 countries worldwide. 2019-nCov can cause severe lung disease, multiple-organ damage, and significant mortalities. Liver transplant recipients, because of long-term oral immunosuppressant effects, may be more susceptible to 2019-nCoV infection and have a worse prognosis than the general population. It is urgent to set up guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients. In this article, we reviewed the clinical aspects of 2019-nCoV infection, characteristics of liver transplant recipients, immunosuppressant usage, and potential drug interactions to provide recommendations to clinical staff managing liver transplant recipients during the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32268020, "title": "\"We Signed Up for This!\" - Student and Trainee Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Gallagher, Thomas H", "Schleyer, Anneliese M"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268020", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397530, "title": "Safety Recommendations and Medical Liability in Ocular Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Unsolved Dilemma.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Napoli, Pietro Emanuele", "Nioi, Matteo", "d'Aloja, Ernesto", "Fossarello, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397530", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ocular surgery is one of the most performed medical procedures in the world. Its limitation or suspension, recursively extended over time, could be associated with a significant increase in the number of blind people worldwide. Indeed, cataract causes more than half of all cases of visual impairment in those countries with limited availability of means for performing eye operations (e.g., Africa or India). In this scenario, the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quickly resulted in the suspension or sharp reduction of various ophthalmic activities considered non-urgent, including lens replacement surgery or some intraocular injections. Despite the imperative need to continuously practice eye operations to avoid the abovementioned problems, there are currently little-shared and vague recommendations among the various countries on safety in operating rooms (for health care workers and patients) and poor legal protection for surgeons (potentially transmitting the COVID-19 infectious agent). Herein, we individuated and discussed some critical points in safety recommendations and medical liability. A paradigm shift for ocular surgery during the COVID-19 era is now mandatory. While telemedicine has been able to solve some problems in clinical ophthalmology, the lack of adequate health and legal protection for surgeons and patients may result in an excessive reduction in the volume of surgical interventions during a pandemic era and the immediately following period, thus determining inability to ensure health care to all patients."}, {"pmid": 32238897, "title": "Coronavirus can infect cats - dogs, not so much.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238897", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320562, "title": "First Case of Covid-19 in the United States.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Wen, Qianjun", "Yang, Jing", "Luo, Tianyong"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320562", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324223, "pmcid": "PMC7188138", "title": "Switching antihypertensive therapy in times of COVID-19: why we should wait for the evidence.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Kuster, Gabriela M", "Osswald, Stefan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324223", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393542, "title": "The price of being a doctor during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Imperatore, Nicola", "Rispo, Antonio", "Lombardi, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393542", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360909, "pmcid": "PMC7184970", "title": "Follow-up studies in COVID-19 recovered patients - is it mandatory?", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Balachandar, Vellingiri", "Mahalaxmi, Iyer", "Subramaniam, Mohandevi", "Kaavya, Jayaramayya", "Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu", "Laldinmawii, Gracy", "Narayanasamy, Arul", "Janardhana Kumar Reddy, Patur", "Sivaprakash, Palanisamy", "Kanchana, Sivaprakash", "Vivekanandhan, Govindasamy", "Cho, Ssang-Goo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360909", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness caused due to Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared this outbreak a global health emergency and as on April 24, 2020, it has spread to 213 countries, with 25,91,015 confirmed cases and 742,855 cases have been recovered from COVID-19. In this dreadful situation our team has already published an article in the Science of the Total Environment, which elaborates the various aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this situation, it is imperative to understand the possible outcome of COVID-19 recovered patients and determine if they have any other detrimental illnesses by longitudinal analysis to safeguard their life in future. It is necessary to follow-up these recovered patients and performs comprehensive assessments for detection and appropriate management towards their psychological, physical, and social realm. This urges us to suggest that it is highly important to provide counselling, moral support as well as a few recommended guidelines to the recovered patients and society to restore to normalcy. Epidemiological, clinical and immunological studies from COVID-19 recovered patients are particularly important to understand the disease and to prepare better for potential outbreaks in the future. Longitudinal studies on a larger cohort would help us to understand the in-depth prognosis as well as the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Also, follow-up studies will help us provide more information for the development of vaccines and drugs for these kinds of pandemics in the future. Hence, we recommend more studies are required to unravel the possible mechanism of COVID-19 infection and the after-effects of it to understand the characteristics of the virus and to develop the necessary precautionary measures to prevent it."}, {"pmid": 32503802, "title": "Risky Business: lessons from covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Looi, Mun-Keat", "Coombes, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503802", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32191691, "title": "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Surveillance and Containment Measures for the First 100 Patients with COVID-19 in Singapore - January 2-February 29, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Ng, Yixiang", "Li, Zongbin", "Chua, Yi Xian", "Chaw, Wei Liang", "Zhao, Zheng", "Er, Benjamin", "Pung, Rachael", "Chiew, Calvin J", "Lye, David C", "Heng, Derrick", "Lee, Vernon J"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191691", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and has since spread globally, resulting in >95,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide by March 5, 2020 (1). Singapore adopted a multipronged surveillance strategy that included applying the case definition at medical consults, tracing contacts of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, enhancing surveillance among different patient groups (all patients with pneumonia, hospitalized patients in intensive care units [ICUs] with possible infectious diseases, primary care patients with influenza-like illness, and deaths from possible infectious etiologies), and allowing clinician discretion (i.e., option to order a test based on clinical suspicion, even if the case definition was not met) to identify COVID-19 patients. Containment measures, including patient isolation and quarantine, active monitoring of contacts, border controls, and community education and precautions, were performed to minimize disease spread. As of March 5, 2020, a total of 117 COVID-19 cases had been identified in Singapore. This report analyzes the first 100 COVID-19 patients in Singapore to determine the effectiveness of the surveillance and containment measures. COVID-19 patients were classified by the primary means by which they were detected. Application of the case definition and contact tracing identified 73 patients, 16 were detected by enhanced surveillance, and 11 were identified by laboratory testing based on providers' clinical discretion. Effectiveness of these measures was assessed by calculating the 7-day moving average of the interval from symptom onset to isolation in hospital or quarantine, which indicated significant decreasing trends for both local and imported COVID-19 cases. Rapid identification and isolation of cases, quarantine of close contacts, and active monitoring of other contacts have been effective in suppressing expansion of the outbreak and have implications for other countries experiencing outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32432330, "title": "Research Goals During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic: Reframing Older Adults as Essential and Priceless.", "journal": "Res Gerontol Nurs", "authors": ["Schutte, Debra L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432330", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478949, "title": "Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalizations at the tertiary dermatology department in south-west Poland.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Bialynicki-Birula, Rafal", "Siemasz, Iga", "Otlewska, Agnieszka", "Matusiak, Lukasz", "Szepietowski, Jacek C"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478949", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New virus SARS-Cov-2 infection has spread over the world affecting all daily activities, including functioning of health services. Due to pandemic many hospitals were ordered to re-organize their work. The aim of the current report was to evaluate the influence of COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitalizations at the tertiary dermatology department in south-west Poland. Two corresponding periods of 2019 and 2020 were compared in aspect of number of hospitalizations, sex and age profile of inpatients. We clearly showed a significant reduction of hospitalized patients during the pandemic period, with marked reduction of female patients. Moreover, the significant decrease of admissions to dermatology ward was observed within children and patients older than 70\u2009years. Patients with chronic inflammatory dermatoses (eg, atopic dermatitis, eczemas, lichen planus, pityriasis rubra pilaris) were less often hospitalized during the pandemic period. In contrast, patients suffering from dermatitis due to substances taken internally, erysipelas, syphilis and primary cutaneous lymphomas constituted significantly higher rate of hospitalized subjects in 2020\u2009year. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32441229, "title": "Idle medical students review emerging COVID-19 research.", "journal": "Med Educ Online", "authors": ["Boodman, Carl", "Lee, Santina", "Bullard, Jared"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441229", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is causing wide-spread interruptions in medical education. With little warning, clinical rotations were cancelled and medical students were sent home. While pre-clinical students transitioned to online curricula, clinical students were left without discreet educational goals. Simultaneously, medical doctors were scrambling to maintain competence in the face of rapidly evolving COVID-19 information. Here, we describe an education program that integrates medical students into interdisciplinary teams to review emerging COVID-19 research that directly answers questions sent in by medical doctors."}, {"pmid": 32326998, "pmcid": "PMC7211799", "title": "Ethical considerations of the duty to care and physician safety in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Bakewell, Francis", "Pauls, Merril A", "Migneault, David"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345635, "title": "Covid-19: benefit for death in service may not go far enough, warns BMA.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345635", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371168, "pmcid": "PMC7252030", "title": "The Topic of COVID-19-Related Liver Injury Needs More Rigorous Research.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Lv, Xiu-He", "Yang, Jin-Lin", "Deng, Kai"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371168", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412631, "pmcid": "PMC7239145", "title": "Reduction of hospitalizations for myocardial infarction in Italy in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["De Rosa, Salvatore", "Spaccarotella, Carmen", "Basso, Cristina", "Calabro, Maria Pia", "Curcio, Antonio", "Filardi, Pasquale Perrone", "Mancone, Massimo", "Mercuro, Giuseppe", "Muscoli, Saverio", "Nodari, Savina", "Pedrinelli, Roberto", "Sinagra, Gianfranco", "Indolfi, Ciro"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412631", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient admissions to Italian cardiac care units (CCUs). We conducted a multicentre, observational, nationwide survey to collect data on admissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at Italian CCUs throughout a 1 week period during the COVID-19 outbreak, compared with the equivalent week in 2019. We observed a 48.4% reduction in admissions for AMI compared with the equivalent week in 2019 (P < 0.001). The reduction was significant for both ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI; 26.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 21.7-32.3; P = 0.009] and non-STEMI (NSTEMI; 65.1%, 95% CI 60.3-70.3; P < 0.001). Among STEMIs, the reduction was higher for women (41.2%; P = 0.011) than men (17.8%; P = 0.191). A similar reduction in AMI admissions was registered in North Italy (52.1%), Central Italy (59.3%), and South Italy (52.1%). The STEMI case fatality rate during the pandemic was substantially increased compared with 2019 [risk ratio (RR) = 3.3, 95% CI 1.7-6.6; P < 0.001]. A parallel increase in complications was also registered (RR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.8; P = 0.009). Admissions for AMI were significantly reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic across Italy, with a parallel increase in fatality and complication rates. This constitutes a serious social issue, demanding attention by the scientific and healthcare communities and public regulatory agencies."}, {"pmid": 32522304, "title": "Impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on mental health in the elderly: perspective from a psychogeriatric clinic at a tertiary hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Forlenza, O V", "Stella, F"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522304", "countries": ["Brazil"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333972, "pmcid": "PMC7177108", "title": "Letter to the editor in response to the article \"COVID-19 and diabetes: Can DPP4 inhibition play a role?\"", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Kokic Males, Visnja"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333972", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419753, "pmcid": "PMC7213035", "title": "COVID 19: Neuromuscular Manifestations.", "journal": "Ann Indian Acad Neurol", "authors": ["Benny, Rajesh", "Khadilkar, Satish V"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419753", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing and information on the neurological aspects of this viral infection is being gathered. Neuromuscular manifestations have been reported uncommonly in these early stages of the analysis. This manuscript studies the available information on the neuromuscular manifestations of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32240282, "pmcid": "PMC7143152", "title": "Communication Skills in the Age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Back, Anthony", "Tulsky, James A", "Arnold, Robert M"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240282", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433292, "pmcid": "PMC7268847", "title": "Coronavirus Threatens Blood Supply: Patient Blood Management Now!", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Schlesinger, Tobias", "Kranke, Peter", "Zacharowski, Kai", "Meybohm, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403894, "title": "Addressing Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Spine Surgery: A Rapid National Consensus Using the Delphi Method via Teleconference.", "journal": "Asian Spine J", "authors": ["Tan, Kimberly-Anne", "Thadani, Vishaal Nanik", "Chan, Daniel", "Oh, Jacob Yoong-Leong", "Liu, Gabriel Ka-Po"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403894", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The magnitude and potential duration of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is something that most doctors currently in practice have yet to experience. While considerable information regarding COVID-19 is being published every day, it is challenging to filter out the most relevant or appropriate information for our individual practice. The Spine Society of Singapore convened via a teleconference on April 24, 2020 to collaborate on a national level and share collective wisdom in order to tackle the ongoing crisis. In the teleconference, 13 spine surgeons from across various hospitals in Singapore constituted the panel of experts. The following topics were discussed: repurposing of surgeons, continuity of spine services, introduction of telemedicine, triaging of spinal surgeries, preoperative testing, new challenges in performing spine surgery, and preparing for the post-pandemic era. While some issues required only the sharing of best practices, the Delphi panel method was adopted to form a consensus on others. Existing spine specific triage guidelines were debated and a locally accepted set of guidelines was established. Although preoperative testing is currently not performed routinely, the panel voted in favor of its implementation because they concluded that it is vital to protect themselves, their colleagues, and their patients. Solutions to operating room specific concerns were also discussed. This article reflects the opinions and insights shared during this meeting and reviews the evidence relevant to the issues that were raised. The rapid consensus reached during the teleconference has enabled us to be concerted, and thus stronger, in our national efforts to provide the best standard of care via our spine services in these challenging times. We believe that this article will provide some guidance for addressing COVID-19 in spine surgery and encourage other national/regional societies to conduct similar discussions that would help their navigation of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32329590, "title": "Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak on rehabilitation services and physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) physicians' activities: perspectives from the Spanish experience.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Chaler, Joaquim", "Gil-Fraguas, Lourdes", "Gomez-Garcia, Arturo", "Laxe, Sara", "Luna-Cabrera, Francisco", "Llavona, Ricardo", "Miangolarra Page, Juan C", "Del Pino-Algarrada, Rogelio", "Salaverria Izaguirre, Natalia", "Sanchez-Tarifa, Pilar", "Santandreu, Maria Elvira", "Garreta-Figuera, Roser"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329590", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381129, "pmcid": "PMC7231665", "title": "Dealing with skin reactions to gloves during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Tabary, Mohammadreza", "Araghi, Farnaz", "Nasiri, Soheila", "Dadkhahfar, Sahar"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259477, "pmcid": "PMC7144857", "title": "Infection and Rapid Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ferrets.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Kim, Young-Il", "Kim, Seong-Gyu", "Kim, Se-Mi", "Kim, Eun-Ha", "Park, Su-Jin", "Yu, Kwang-Min", "Chang, Jae-Hyung", "Kim, Eun Ji", "Lee, Seunghun", "Casel, Mark Anthony B", "Um, Jihye", "Song, Min-Suk", "Jeong, Hye Won", "Lai, Van Dam", "Kim, Yeonjae", "Chin, Bum Sik", "Park, Jun-Sun", "Chung, Ki-Hyun", "Foo, Suan-Sin", "Poo, Haryoung", "Mo, In-Pil", "Lee, Ok-Jun", "Webby, Richard J", "Jung, Jae U", "Choi, Young Ki"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259477", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and rapidly spread worldwide. To prevent SARS-CoV-2 dissemination, understanding the in\u00a0vivo characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 is a high priority. We report a ferret model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission that recapitulates aspects of human disease. SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets exhibit elevated body temperatures and virus replication. Although fatalities were not observed, SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets shed virus in nasal washes, saliva, urine, and feces up to 8\u00a0days post-infection. At 2\u00a0days post-contact, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in all naive direct contact ferrets. Furthermore, a few naive indirect contact ferrets were positive for viral RNA, suggesting airborne transmission. Viral antigens were detected in nasal turbinate, trachea, lungs, and intestine with acute bronchiolitis present in infected lungs. Thus, ferrets represent an infection and transmission animal model of COVID-19 that may facilitate development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32325129, "pmcid": "PMC7169899", "title": "The profile of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and serum cytokines in children with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Li, Hui", "Chen, Kailan", "Liu, Maochang", "Xu, Hua", "Xu, Qiong"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325129", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The study was aimed at investigating the characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and serum cytokines in children with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia. Children with 2019-nCoV pneumonia or with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia were included. Data including lymphocyte subsets and serum cytokines were collected and analyzed. 56 patients were included in the study, 40 children with 2019-nCoV pneumonia and 16 children with RSV pneumonia. Compared with children with RSV pneumonia, patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia had higher count of CD3+8+ lymphocyte, higher percentages of CD3+, CD3+8+ lymphocytes and a lower percentage of CD19+ lymphocyte. The serum IL-10 level was significantly higher in children with RSV pneumonia. One 2019-nCoV pneumonia child who was with an obvious increase of IL-10 developed severe pneumonia. Immune response played a very important role in the development of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. The effective CD8+ T cell response might influence the severity of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. The adaptable change in IL-10 level might contribute to the relatively mild pneumonia symptoms in children with 2019-nCoV pneumonia and bacterial co-infection might be a risk factor of severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32325930, "pmcid": "PMC7232522", "title": "Nipah Virus: Past Outbreaks and Future Containment.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Soman Pillai, Vinod", "Krishna, Gayathri", "Valiya Veettil, Mohanan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325930", "countries": ["India", "Bangladesh", "Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral outbreaks of varying frequencies and severities have caused panic and havoc across the globe throughout history. Influenza, small pox, measles, and yellow fever reverberated for centuries, causing huge burden for economies. The twenty-first century witnessed the most pathogenic and contagious virus outbreaks of zoonotic origin including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Ebola virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Nipah virus. Nipah is considered one of the world's deadliest viruses with the heaviest mortality rates in some instances. It is known to cause encephalitis, with cases of acute respiratory distress turning fatal. Various factors contribute to the onset and spread of the virus. All through the infected zone, various strategies to tackle and enhance the surveillance and awareness with greater emphasis on personal hygiene has been formulated. This review discusses the recent outbreaks of Nipah virus in Malaysia, Bangladesh and India, the routes of transmission, prevention and control measures employed along with possible reasons behind the outbreaks, and the precautionary measures to be ensured by private-public undertakings to contain and ensure a lower incidence in the future."}, {"pmid": 32294583, "pmcid": "PMC7195079", "title": "Remote consultations in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: Preliminary experience in a regional Australian public acute mental health care setting.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Kavoor, Anjana Rao", "Chakravarthy, Kripa", "John, Thomas"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294583", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the wake of the recent pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), with confirmed cases having crossed 750,000, health systems across the world are getting overwhelmed; making it strenuous to maintain essential health services. Several changes were implemented in our acute mental health care service using a collaborative approach to maintain a balance between preventive measures to 'flatten the curve' and to provide care to those who were in need. Mode of service delivery was changed predominantly to tele-medicine, amongst others. It was found to be a workable model, albeit further follow up will be required to better understand its viability and feasibility to withstand the COVID-19 cataclysm."}, {"pmid": 32472688, "title": "Low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among pregnant and postpartum patients with universal screening in Seattle, Washington.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["LaCourse, Sylvia M", "Kachikis, Alisa", "Blain, Michela", "Simmons, LaVone E", "Mays, James A", "Pattison, Amber D", "Salerno, Carol C", "McCartney, Stephen A", "Kretzer, Nicole M", "Resnick, Rebecca", "Shay, Rosemary L", "Savitsky, Leah M", "Curtin, Anna C", "Huebner, Emily M", "Ma, Kimberly K", "Delaney, Shani", "Delgado, Carlos", "Schippers, Adrienne", "Munson, Jeff", "Pottinger, Paul S", "Cohen, Seth", "Neme, Santiago", "Bourassa, Lori", "Bryan, Andrew", "Greninger, Alex", "Jerome, Keith R", "Roxby, Alison C", "Lokken, Erica", "Cheng, Edith", "Adams Waldorf, Kristina M", "Hitti, Jane"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472688", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We found a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (2.7% [5/188]) among pregnant and postpartum patients after initiating universal testing. Prevalence among symptomatic patients (22.2% [4/18]) was similar to initial targeted screening approaches (19.1% [8/42]). Among 170 asymptomatic patients, two were positive or inconclusive, respectively; repeat testing at 24 hours was negative."}, {"pmid": 32257058, "pmcid": "PMC7103835", "title": "Contributions and challenges of general practitioners in China fighting against the novel coronavirus crisis.", "journal": "Fam Med Community Health", "authors": ["Li, Donald Kwok Tung", "Zhu, Shanzhu"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257058", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496102, "title": "Commentary on the coronavirus pandemic: Anticipating a fourth wave in the opioid epidemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["McCann Pineo, Molly", "Schwartz, Rebecca M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496102", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic simultaneously with the U.S. opioid epidemic is anticipated to have a profound mental health impact on some of our most vulnerable populations. Recent federal and state regulatory changes have been made under the state of emergency in order to ameliorate the some of the challenges faced in maintaining access to substance use and addiction services during such times. There are currently considerable limitations in quantifying the impact of COVID-19 among those with substance use disorders, however, it is imperative that health care systems continue to serve this population in order to prevent associated morbidity and mortality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32380881, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic, psychological stress during pregnancy, and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: a neglected consequence.", "journal": "J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol", "authors": ["Abdoli, Amir", "Falahi, Shahab", "Kenarkoohi, Azra", "Shams, Morteza", "Mir, Hamed", "Jahromi, Mirza Ali Mofazzal"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380881", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498230, "title": "Acute Coronary Syndromes and Covid-19: Exploring the Uncertainties.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Schiavone, Marco", "Gobbi, Cecilia", "Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe", "D'Ascenzo, Fabrizio", "Palazzuoli, Alberto", "Gasperetti, Alessio", "Mitacchione, Gianfranco", "Viecca, Maurizio", "Galli, Massimo", "Fedele, Francesco", "Mancone, Massimo", "Forleo, Giovanni Battista"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498230", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since an association between myocardial infarction (MI) and respiratory infections has been described for influenza viruses and other respiratory viral agents, understanding possible physiopathological links between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is of the greatest importance. The initial data suggest an underestimation of ACS cases all over the world, but acute MI still represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and should not be overshadowed during the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic. No common consensus regarding the most adequate healthcare management policy for ACS is currently available. Indeed, important differences have been reported between the measures employed to treat ACS in China during the first disease outbreak and what currently represents clinical practice across Europe and the USA. This review aims to discuss the pathophysiological links between MI, respiratory infections, and Covid-19; epidemiological data related to ACS at the time of the Covid-19 pandemic; and learnings that have emerged so far from several catheterization labs and coronary care units all over the world, in order to shed some light on the current strategies for optimal management of ACS patients with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32420607, "title": "The association between severe COVID-19 and low platelet count: evidence from 31 observational studies involving 7613 participants.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Jiang, Shi-Qin", "Huang, Qiu-Fen", "Xie, Wei-Ming", "Lv, Chao", "Quan, Xiao-Qing"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420607", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358176, "title": "SNMMI COVID-19 Resource Center.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358176", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374427, "pmcid": "PMC7267303", "title": "Expression of the COVID-19 receptor ACE2 in the human conjunctiva.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lange, Clemens", "Wolf, Julian", "Auw-Haedrich, Claudia", "Schlecht, Anja", "Boneva, Stefaniya", "Lapp, Thabo", "Horres, Ralf", "Agostini, Hansjurgen", "Martin, Gottfried", "Reinhard, Thomas", "Schlunck, Gunther"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374427", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is assumed to use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and other auxiliary proteins for cell entry. Recent studies have described conjunctival congestion in 0.8% of patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2, and there has been speculation that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through the conjunctiva. However, it is currently unclear whether conjunctival epithelial cells express ACE2 and its cofactors. In this study, a total of 38 conjunctival samples from 38 patients, including 12 healthy conjunctiva, 12 melanoma, 7 squamous cell carcinoma and 7 papilloma samples, were analyzed using high-throughput RNA sequencing to assess mRNA expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and its cofactors including TMPRSS2, ANPEP, DPP4, and ENPEP. ACE2 protein expression was assessed in eight healthy conjunctival samples using immunohistochemistry. Our results show that the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is not substantially expressed in conjunctival samples on the mRNA (median 0.0 transcripts per million (TPM), min 0.0 TPM, max 1.7 TPM) and protein levels. Similar results were obtained for the transcription of other auxiliary molecules. In conclusion, this study finds no evidence for a significant expression of ACE2 and its auxiliary mediators for cell entry in conjunctival samples, making conjunctival infection with SARS-CoV-2 via these mediators unlikely. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32271511, "title": "Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int Braz J Urol", "authors": ["Sampaio, Francisco J B"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271511", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253351, "title": "Ethics in the time of COVID: What remains the same and what is different.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Kim, Scott Y H", "Grady, Christine"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253351", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530503, "title": "Change of the diagnostic distribution in applicants to dermatology after COVID-19 pandemic: What it whispers to us?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Turan, Cagri", "Metin, Nurcan", "Utlu, Zeynep", "Oner, Umran", "Kotan, Ozgur Sadik"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530503", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aim to evaluate the change in the diagnostic spectrum in dermatology outpatient applications compared to before COVID-19. All patients were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology between February 12 and May 8, 2020, the duration of 4\u2009weeks before COVID-19 and eight weeks after were analyzed in 3 parts consisting of 4\u2009weeks. Data obtained from the database such as age, gender, diagnoses were anonymized. Repeated applications with the same diagnosis in ten days after the first presentation were ignored. Compared to the pre-outbreak, there was a 3.5-fold decrease in dermatology applications in the first month after COVID-19 and an 8.8-fold in the second month. We found a significant increase in the frequency of diagnoses such as generalized pruritus, pityriasis rosea, alopecia areata, bacterial skin/mucosa diseases, and zona zoster after COVID-19. The frequency declined in diseases such as verruca vulgaris, hyperpigmentation, skin tag, melanocytic nevus, seborrheic keratosis/solar lentigo. It has been found that the frequencies of most diseases, including acne (\u205325% of patients), did not change. We think that many factors, such as affecting the quality of life, risk perception, increased stress burden may cause a change in the diagnostic distribution of the dermatology applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32503169, "title": "Crafting Jobs for Occupational Satisfaction and Innovation among Manufacturing Workers Facing the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Ren, Tianzhou", "Cao, Lele", "Chin, Tachia"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503169", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "China's manufacturing employees are confronted with unprecedent occupational and innovation challenges caused by the ongoing COVID-19 crisis coupled with the pressure of being replaced by digital technologies. To gain a better understanding of the rising occupational uncertainty during this critical time, based on the job demands-resources (JD-R) theory, we examined the associations of employees' job crafting behaviors (JCB) with their occupational satisfaction and innovation workplace behavior (IWB), as well as the mediating effect of work engagement on the above relationships. The final usable data were obtained from the formal survey of 311 employees of six manufacturing companies that have returned to work amid COVID-19. Structural equation modelling was adopted to analyze the data. Results show that employees' JCB strengthens their occupational satisfaction and IWB via work engagement. Theoretically, our research enriches the existing body of knowledge about JCB from a cross-disciplinary angle integrating the perspectives of career and psychology. Practically, we offer valuable first-hand evidence about how manufacturing employees conducted JCB to re-orient their careers and to innovate in the face of the high unemployment situation."}, {"pmid": 32484908, "title": "Oncology Treatment in the Era of COVID-19: We Cannot Afford to Hit the Pause Button.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Holstein, Sarah A", "Vose, Julie M"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484908", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has far-reaching ramifications for patients undergoing cancer treatment. Oncologists and institutions have adjusted treatment practices and, in many cases, significantly curtailed clinical trial conduct. Whether these adjustments mitigate the risk of COVID-19 complications without jeopardizing treatment of the cancer is unknown. Given the expected duration of the pandemic, it is imperative that treatment of the patient's cancer remain the priority and that advances in drug development continue through appropriately designed clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32328338, "pmcid": "PMC7167876", "title": "Anal swab findings in an infant with COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Investig", "authors": ["Fan, Qihong", "Pan, Yan", "Wu, Qingcui", "Liu, Shan", "Song, Xu", "Xie, Zhongguo", "Liu, Yang", "Zhao, Liang", "Wang, Zhonghong", "Zhang, Yifei", "Wu, Zuchuang", "Guan, Lei", "Lv, Xiaolong"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328338", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The transmission pathways of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain not completely clear. In this case study the test for the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in pharyngeal swab and anal swab were compared. A 3-month-old girl was admitted to our hospital with COVID-19. Her parents had both been diagnosed with COVID-19. The results of pharyngeal swab and anal swab of the little girl were recorded and compared during the course of the disease. The oropharyngeal specimen showed negative result for SARS-CoV-2 on the 14th day after onset of the illness. However, the anal swab was still positive for SARS-CoV-2 on the 28th day after the onset of the illness. The possibility of fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 should be assessed. Personal hygiene during home quarantine merits considerable attention."}, {"pmid": 32486188, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Liver.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Morgan, Katie", "Samuel, Kay", "Vandeputte, Martin", "Hayes, Peter C", "Plevris, John N"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486188", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel strain of coronoviridae (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan China in December 2019. Initially, infection presented with a broad spectrum of symptoms which typically included muscle aches, fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. SARS-CoV-2 enters cells via ACE2 receptors which are abundant throughout the respiratory tract. However, there is evidence that these receptors are abundant throughout the body, and just as abundant in cholangiocytes as alveolar cells, posing the question of possible direct liver injury. While liver enzymes and function tests do seem to be deranged in some patients, it is questionable if the injury is due to direct viral damage, drug-induced liver injury, hypoxia, or microthromboses. Likely, the injury is multifactoral, and management of infected patients with pre-existing liver disease should be taken into consideration. Ultimately, a vaccine is needed to aid in reducing cases of SARS-CoV-2 and providing immunity to the general population. However, while considering the types of vaccines available, safety concerns, particularly of RNA- or DNA-based vaccines, need to be addressed."}, {"pmid": 32436736, "title": "Visual Dermatology: Acral Erythemato-purpuric Lesions During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Cutan Med Surg", "authors": ["Ferrara, Giuseppe", "Morgado-Carrasco, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436736", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371558, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine use in the COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Littlejohn, Emily"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371558", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has multiple potential antiviral mechanisms of action that differ according to the pathogen studied (eg, Chikungunya, Dengue virus, human immunodeficiency virus, poliovirus, Zika virus). Data on HCQ for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are rapidly evolving. To date there is no evidence from randomized controlled trials that any single therapy improves outcomes in patients infected with COVID-19. There are also no clinical trial data supporting prophylactic HCQ therapy in COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use in patients with COVID-19 is being investigated examining prophylaxis, postexposure prophylaxis, and treatment regimens."}, {"pmid": 32388336, "pmcid": "PMC7196375", "title": "Prolonged social isolation of the elderly during COVID-19: Between benefit and damage.", "journal": "Arch Gerontol Geriatr", "authors": ["Plagg, Barbara", "Engl, Adolf", "Piccoliori, Giuliano", "Eisendle, Klaus"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498128, "title": "Position statement of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Task Force on Quality of Life and Patient Oriented Outcomes on quality of life issues in dermatologic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Chernyshov, P V", "Tomas-Aragones, L", "Augustin, M", "Svensson, A", "Bewley, A", "Poot, F", "Szepietowski, J C", "Marron, S E", "Manolache, L", "Pustisek, N", "Suru, A", "Salavastru, C M", "Blome, C", "Salek, M S", "Abeni, D", "Sampogna, F", "Dalgard, F", "Linder, D", "Ewers, A", "Finlay, A Y"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498128", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19 is a global challenge for health care and dermatologists are not standing apart from trying to meet this challenge. The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) has collected recommendations from its Task Forces (TFs) related to COVID-19. The Journal of the EADV has established a COVID-19 Special Forum giving free access to related articles. The psychosocial effects of the pandemic, an increase in contact dermatitis and several other skin diseases because of stress, disinfectants and protective equipment use, especially in health care workers, the temporary limited access to dermatologic care, the dilemma whether or not to pause immunosuppressive therapy, and, finally, the occurrence of skin lesions in patients infected by COVID-19 all contribute to significant quality of life (QoL) impairment. Here we present detailed recommendations of the EADV TF on QoL and Patient Oriented Outcomes on how to improve QoL in dermatologic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic for several different groups of patients and for the general population."}, {"pmid": 32394605, "pmcid": "PMC7272881", "title": "COVID-19: The Immediate Response of European Academic Dental Institutions and Future Implications for Dental Education.", "journal": "Eur J Dent Educ", "authors": ["Quinn, Barry", "Field, James", "Gorter, Ronald", "Akota, Ilze", "Manzanares, Maria-Cristina", "Paganelli, Corrado", "Davies, Julia", "Dixon, Jonathan", "Gabor, Gerber", "Amaral Mendes, Rui", "Hahn, Petra", "Vital, Sibylle", "O'Brien, Judith", "Murphy, Denis", "White, Deborah", "Tubert-Jeannin, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394605", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had an immediate and dramatic impact on dental education. The Association of Dental Education in Europe decided to carry out an investigation to assess the immediate response of European Academic Dental Institutions. An online survey was sent to both member and non-member dental schools to investigate the impact on non-clinical and clinical education, assessment and the well-being/pastoral care measures implemented. The preliminary findings and discussion are presented in this paper, for the responses collected between the 25th March and 5th April 2020. The survey at this time of publication is ongoing and detailed results can be accessed https://adee.org/covid-19-european-dental-education%E2%80%99s-immediate-response."}, {"pmid": 32510283, "title": "EXPRESS: COVID-19 and stroke in Iran; a case series, and effects on stroke admissions.", "journal": "Int J Stroke", "authors": ["Mehrpour, Masoud", "Shuaib, Ashfaq", "Farahani, Mehrdad", "Hatamabadi, Hamid Reza", "Fatehi, Zahra", "Ghaffari, Mehran", "Beladi Moghadam, Nahid", "Agha Miri, Hossein", "Mansouri, Behnam", "Assarzadegan, Farhad", "Safarpour Lima, Behnam", "Hesami, Omid"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510283", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414623, "pmcid": "PMC7205701", "title": "\"This is our next problem\": Cleaning up from the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Waste Manag", "authors": ["Kalina, Marc", "Tilley, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this discussion is to highlight the essential role that solid waste management must play in a humanitarian response towards disasters, in particular the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. We highlight a number of potential avenues for scholarly investigation into the waste impacts of our response to Covid-19, but in particular, briefly unpacks the relationship between disasters, consumption and disposability as one potential research topic. The discussion is intended to start a conversation that is, at the moment, critically relevant, and to contribute to a more inclusive, and less normatively Western waste management studies discourse."}, {"pmid": 32439209, "pmcid": "PMC7180376", "title": "Characteristics and prognostic factors of disease severity in patients with COVID-19: The Beijing experience.", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Sun, Ying", "Dong, Yanli", "Wang, Lifeng", "Xie, Huan", "Li, Baosen", "Chang, Christopher", "Wang, Fu-Sheng"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become one of the worst infectious disease outbreaks of recent times, with over 2.1 million cases and 120,000 deaths so far. Our study investigated the demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging features of 63 patients with COVID-19 in Beijing. Patients were classified into four groups, mild, moderate, severe and critically ill. The mean age of our patients was 47 years of age (range 3-85) and there was a slight male predominance (58.7%). Thirty percent of our patients had severe or critically ill disease, but only 20% of severe and 33% of critically ill patients had been to Wuhan. Fever was the most common presentation (84.1%), but cough was present in only slightly over half of the patients. We found that lymphocyte and eosinophils count were significantly decreased in patients with severe disease (p\u00a0=\u00a00.001 and p\u00a0=\u00a00.000, respectively). Eosinopenia was a feature of higher levels of severity. Peripheral CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes were significantly decreased in severe and critically ill patients, but there was only a non-statistically significant downward trend in NK cell numbers with severity. Of note is that liver function tests including AST, ALT, GGT and LDH were elevated, and albumin was decreased. The inflammatory markers CRP, ESR and ferritin were elevated in patients with severe disease or worse. IL-6 levels were also higher, indicating that the presence of a hyperimmune inflammatory state portends higher morbidity and mortality. In a binary logistic regression model, C-reactive protein level (OR 1.073, [CI, 1.013-1.136]; p\u00a0=\u00a00.017), CD8 T lymphocyte counts (OR 0.989, [CI, 0.979-1.000]; p\u00a0=\u00a00.043), and D-dimer (OR 5.313, [CI, 0.325-86.816]; p\u00a0=\u00a00.241) were independent predictors of disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32283098, "pmcid": "PMC7195152", "title": "COVID-19 and the liver: the perils of non-peer reviewed science in times of a pandemic.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Debes, Jose D"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283098", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504465, "title": "Letter: A Guide to the Prioritization of Neurosurgical Cases After the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Thomas, Justin G", "Gandhi, Shashank", "White, Timothy G", "Jocelyn, Christian", "Soo, Teck M", "Eisenberg, Mark", "Schulder, Michael", "Narayan, Raj K"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504465", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522407, "title": "[How do children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience lockdown during the COVID-19 outbreak?]", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Bobo, E", "Lin, L", "Acquaviva, E", "Caci, H", "Franc, N", "Gamon, L", "Picot, M-C", "Pupier, F", "Speranza, M", "Falissard, B", "Purper-Ouakil, D"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522407", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, the French government has decided a general lockdown. This unprecedented situation has raised concerns about children's and adolescent's mental health. Children and adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may find this context of restrained activity particularly tricky. The objectives of our study are to gather information about the well-being and global life conditions of children and adolescents with ADHD during the COVID-19 outbreak in France. We designed a survey including both open-ended questions and questionnaire items for parents of children and adolescents with ADHD. Parents responded to the following open-ended questions: 1) \"How is your child doing since the lockdown?\" 2) \"How is life at home since the lockdown?\" 3) \"If you had a remote service provision with a mental health professional (e.g. by telephone or video technology), please share your thoughts and any suggestions with us\" 4) \"Please share any other items that you think are important about ADHD symptoms of your child and the lockdown situation\". This survey was posted on social media on the 6th of April and disseminated by French ADHD-parent and patient organizations. The present article reports the descriptive, qualitative and textometrical analyses of the survey. Between day 20 and 30 of lockdown, 538 parents responded to the survey, and we included 533 responses in the final analysis. The vast majority of responders were women 95\u00a0% (95\u00a0% CI 93,50; 97,18) with children whose mean age was 10,5 (95\u00a0% CI 7.58; 13.44). Since the lockdown, 34.71\u00a0% (95\u00a0% CI 30.70; 38.94) of children experienced a worsening in well-being, 34.33\u00a0% (95\u00a0% CI 30.34; 38.56) showed no significant changes and 30.96\u00a0% (95\u00a0% CI 27.09; 35.10) were doing better according to their parents. The thematic analysis showed that an improvement of their children's anxiety was one of the main topics addressed by parents. This improvement related to less school-related strain and flexible schedules that respected their children's rhythm. Improved self-esteem was another topic that parents linked with a lesser exposure of their children to negative feed-back. Parents repeatedly reported both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. However, optimal lockdown life conditions seemed to compensate for the impact of ADHD symptoms (e.g. sufficient space at home, presence of a garden). Some parents reported worsening of general well-being in their children, and this manifested as oppositional/defiant attitudes and emotional outbursts. Parents also cited sleep problems and anxiety in this context. As regards everyday life during lock-down, at-home schooling was another major topic-parents described that their children struggled to complete school-related tasks and that teachers seemed to have forgotten about academic accommodations. The lockdown situation seems to have raised parents' awareness of the role of inattention and ADHD symptoms in their children's learning difficulties. Due to potential selection biases, the results of our survey may not be generalizable to all children and adolescents with ADHD. The main strengths of this rapid survey-based study lies in the reactivity of the participants and the quality and diversity of their responses to the open-ended questions. According to their parents, most children and adolescents with ADHD experience stability or improvement of their well-being. An improvement in school-related anxiety and the flexible adjustment to the children's' rhythms as well as parents' increased awareness of the difficulties their children experience are among the key topics in parents' descriptions."}, {"pmid": 32379032, "title": "Implementing Physical Distancing in the Hospital: A Key Strategy to Prevent Nosocomial Transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Arora, Vineet M", "Chivu, Marius", "Schram, Andrew", "Meltzer, David"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379032", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292915, "pmcid": "PMC7142699", "title": "The Imperfect Cytokine Storm: Severe COVID-19 with ARDS in Patient on Durable LVAD Support.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Chau, Vinh Q", "Oliveros, Estefania", "Mahmood, Kiran", "Singhvi, Aditi", "Lala, Anuradha", "Moss, Noah", "Gidwani, Umesh", "Mancini, Donna M", "Pinney, Sean P", "Parikh, Aditya"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292915", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As health systems worldwide grapple with the COVID-19 pandemic, patients on durable LVAD support represent a unique population at risk for the disease. We outline such a patient who developed COVID-19 complicated by \"cytokine storm\" with severe ARDS and myocardial injury; and describe the challenges that arose during management."}, {"pmid": 32396859, "pmcid": "PMC7212941", "title": "Cancer Research after COVID-19: Where Do We Go from Here?", "journal": "Cancer Cell", "authors": ["Colbert, Lauren E", "Kouzy, Ramez", "Abi Jaoude, Joseph", "Ludmir, Ethan B", "Taniguchi, Cullen M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396859", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489508, "pmcid": "PMC7239585", "title": "Simultaneous Treatment of COVID-19 With Serine Protease Inhibitor Camostat and/or Cathepsin L Inhibitor?", "journal": "J Clin Med Res", "authors": ["Bittmann, Stefan", "Weissenstein, Anne", "Villalon, Gloria", "Moschuring-Alieva, Elena", "Luchter, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489508", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503851, "title": "Telemedicine will not keep us apart in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Perniola, Simone", "Alivernini, Stefano", "Varriano, Valentina", "Paglionico, Annamaria", "Tanti, Giacomo", "Rubortone, Pietro", "Lanzo, Lucia", "Melpignano, Fabrizio", "Tur, Carlo", "De Lorenzis, Enrico", "Peluso, Giusy", "Capacci, Annunziata", "Gremese, Elisa"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362392, "pmcid": "PMC7102567", "title": "Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of heart transplant recipients during the 2019 coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China: A descriptive survey report.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Ren, Zong-Li", "Hu, Rui", "Wang, Zhi-Wei", "Zhang, Min", "Ruan, Yong-Le", "Wu, Zhi-Yong", "Wu, Hong-Bing", "Hu, Xiao-Ping", "Hu, Zhi-Peng", "Ren, Wei", "Li, Luo-Cheng", "Dai, Fei-Feng", "Liu, Huan", "Cai, Xin"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362392", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of heart transplant (HTx) recipients during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic remains unclear. We studied the characteristics of HTx recipients from December 20, 2019, to February 25, 2020, in an effort to understand their risk and outcomes. All accessible HTx recipients were included in this single-center retrospective study. We collected information on the recipients using a web-based questionnaire as well as the hospital database. We followed 87 HTx recipients (72.4% were men, and the average age was 51 years). A total of 79 recipients resided in Hubei, and 57 recipients had a Wuhan-related history of travel or contact. Most took precautionary measures while in contact with suspicious crowds, and 96.6% of the families and communities undertook prevention and quarantine procedures. Four upper airway infections were reported, and 3 of them tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (the fourth recovered and was not tested). All cases were mild and successfully recovered after proper treatment. Laboratory results of 47 HTx cases within the last 2 months were extracted. Of these, 21.3% of recipients had pre-existing lymphopenia, and 87.2% of recipients had a therapeutic concentration of tacrolimus (5-12 ng/ml). Liver and kidney insufficiency was seen in 5 and 6 recipients, respectively. HTx recipients who practiced appropriate prevention measures had a low rate of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and transition to the associated disease COVID-19. These early data will require confirmation as the pandemic establishes around the world."}, {"pmid": 32306214, "pmcid": "PMC7166094", "title": "Maximizing Digital Interventions for Youth in the Midst of Covid-19: Lessons from the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV Interventions.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Hightow-Weidman, Lisa", "Muessig, Kate", "Claude, Kristina", "Roberts, Jessica", "Zlotorzynska, Maria", "Sanchez, Travis"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306214", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292817, "pmcid": "PMC7128742", "title": "Coalition: Advocacy for prospective clinical trials to test the post-exposure potential of hydroxychloroquine against COVID-19.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Picot, Stephane", "Marty, Aileen", "Bienvenu, Anne-Lise", "Blumberg, Lucille H", "Dupouy-Camet, Jean", "Carnevale, Pierre", "Kano, Shigeyuki", "Jones, Malcolm K", "Daniel-Ribeiro, Claudio Tadeu", "Mas-Coma, Santiago"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292817", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our coalition of public health experts, doctors, and scientists worldwide want to draw attention to the need for high-quality evaluation protocols of the potential beneficial effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as a post-exposure drug for exposed people, meaning people with close contact with positive tested patients, including home and medical caregivers. We have reviewed the mechanisms of antiviral effect of HCQ, the risk-benefit ratio taking into consideration the PK/PD of HCQ and the thresholds of efficacy. We have studied its use as an antimalarial, an antiviral, and an immunomodulating drug and concluded that the use of HCQ at does matching that of the standard treatment of Systemic Lupus erythematous, which has proven safety and efficacy in terms of HCQ blood and tissue concentration adapted to bodyweight (2,3), at 6\u202fmg/kg/day 1 (loading dose) followed by 5\u202fmg/kg/day, with a maximum limit of 600\u202fmg/day in all cases should swiftly be clinically evaluated as a post-exposure drug for exposed people."}, {"pmid": 32515258, "title": "Spring in London with Covid-19: a personal view.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Brahams, Diana"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515258", "countries": ["Spain", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a personal view from London as the Covid-19 pandemic continues to spread here and the situation changes from day to day. As such it can only be a snapshot caught in time; it is not a diary of events. The Coronavirus Act 2020 gives Government enormous powers and was passed by Parliament in one day of debate immediately before it closed early for the Easter break. In March, the government imposed a \"lockdown: the closure of all\" but \"essential\" businesses and people other than essential workers must work from home but are allowed out for exercise and food shopping but must maintain 2 m apart, the \"social distancing rule\". The aim is to suppress the spread of the virus, reduce the death toll and \"protect the National Health Service (NHS)\" which needed time to empty wards and expand its intensive care unit (ICU) capability to deal with an expected influx of thousands of very sick patients. I discuss whether this strategy is working, how and why it has rapidly been altered to respond to criticism. Why was the Government so slow to seek the help of private laboratories to assist with testing? Why was the personal protective equipment (PPE) guidance altered only after criticism? I look at the impact of the lockdown on the UK economy, the changes to practice of medicine and speeding of scientific research. Cooperating with the lockdown has its price; is it harming the health and mental health of children, people living in households with potentially abusive partners or parents and those who are disabled or financially desperate? Is the cure worse than the disease? The Economy is being devastated by the lockdown and each day of lockdown it is worse. Is litigation being seeded even now by the pandemic? Notwithstanding unprecedented Government financial help many businesses are on the edge of collapse, people will lose their jobs and pensioners income. The winners include pharmacies, supermarkets, online food retailers, Amazon, online apps, providers of video games, services, streaming and scientific research laboratories, manufacturers of testing kits, ventilators, hand sanitisers, coffins, undertakers, etc. The British public is cooperating with lockdown but are we less productive at home? Parents with babies and children often child minders, school, grandparents or paid help which is not now available. Will current reliance on video-conferencing and video calls permanently change the way we work and will we need smaller city offices? Will we travel less? Will medical and legal practice and civil and criminal trials be generally carried out remotely? Will social distancing with self-isolation and job losses and business failures fuel depression? Is Covid-19 comparable to past epidemics like the Plague and Spanish flu?"}, {"pmid": 32478308, "pmcid": "PMC7251262", "title": "Responding to COVID-19 in Istanbul: Perspective from genomic laboratory.", "journal": "North Clin Istanb", "authors": ["Doganay, Levent", "Agaoglu, Nihat Bugra", "Irvem, Arzu", "Alkurt, Gizem", "Yildiz, Jale", "Kose, Betsi", "Demirkol, Yasemin Kendir", "Dogan, Ozlem Akgun", "Doganay, Gizem Dinler"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478308", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454807, "pmcid": "PMC7241573", "title": "COVID-19 and newborn health: systematic review.", "journal": "Rev Panam Salud Publica", "authors": ["Duran, Pablo", "Berman, Stephen", "Niermeyer, Susan", "Jaenisch, Thomas", "Forster, Thais", "Gomez Ponce de Leon, Rodolfo", "De Mucio, Bremen", "Serruya, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454807", "countries": ["China", "Australia", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe perinatal and neonatal outcomes in newborns exposed to SARS-CoV-2. A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed Central, LILACS, and Google Scholar using the keywords 'covid ' AND 'newborn' OR 'child' OR 'infant,' on 18 March 2020, and again on 17 April 2020. One researcher conducted the search and extracted data on demographics, maternal outcomes, diagnostic tests, imaging, and neonatal outcomes. Of 256 publications identified, 20 met inclusion criteria and comprised neonatal outcome data for 222 newborns whose mothers were suspected or confirmed to be SARS-CoV-2 positive perinatally (17 studies) or of newborns referred to hospital with infection/pneumonia (3 studies). Most (12 studies) were case-series reports; all were from China, except three (Australia, Iran, and Spain). Of the 222 newborns, 13 were reported as positive for SARS-CoV-2; most of the studies reported no or mild symptoms and no adverse perinatal outcomes. Two papers among those from newborns who tested positive reported moderate or severe clinical characteristics. Five studies using data on umbilical cord blood, placenta, and/or amniotic fluid reported no positive results. Nine studies reported radiographic imaging, including 5 with images of pneumonia, increased lung marking, thickened texture, or high-density nodular shadow. Minor, non-specific changes in biochemical variables were reported. Studies that tested breast milk reported negative SARS-CoV-2 results. Given the paucity of studies at this time, vertical transmission cannot be confirmed or denied. Current literature does not support abstaining from breastfeeding nor separating mothers and newborns. Further evidence and data collection networks, particularly in the Americas, are needed for establishing definitive guidelines and recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32451846, "pmcid": "PMC7247778", "title": "Does SARS-CoV-2 infection cause chronic neurological complications?", "journal": "Geroscience", "authors": ["Hascup, Erin R", "Hascup, Kevin N"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451846", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has created an unparalleled health crisis. Besides the acute respiratory infection, CoVs are neuroinvasive causing additional inflammation and neurodegeneration. This is likely also true of SARS-CoV-2 given reports of neurological manifestations in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive patients. Older adults >\u200965\u00a0years of age constitute a high-risk group prone to severe infection and death. Despite the higher mortality rate, a majority of cases are expected to recover and survive from this viral outbreak. But, the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinfection are unknown. We discuss these potential chronic changes to the central nervous system (CNS) in relation to accelerated brain aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders."}, {"pmid": 32220991, "title": "In other Covid-19 news.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220991", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344199, "pmcid": "PMC7172604", "title": "Sedating ventilated COVID-19 patients with inhalational anesthetic drugs.", "journal": "EBioMedicine", "authors": ["Orser, Beverley A", "Wang, Dian-Shi", "Lu, Wei-Yang"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344199", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266995, "pmcid": "PMC7262272", "title": "Reply to Comments on 'Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV in a patient in Wuhan city, China'.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhu, Feng", "Cao, Yang", "Xu, Shuyun", "Zhou, Min"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266995", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519779, "title": "Circulating Levels of IL-2, IL-4, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and C reactive protein Are Not Associated with Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Luo, Wen", "Zhang, Jia-Wen", "Zhang, Wei", "Lin, Yuan-Long", "Wang, Qi"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519779", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of May 5, 2020, the total number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases had reached over 3.5 million worldwide. The outbreak of COVID-19 has been officially declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization because of global spread and severity. Accumulating evidence has been showed that patients with severe COVID-19 have a cytokine storm syndrome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32380041, "pmcid": "PMC7198144", "title": "COVID-19 immunity passports and vaccination certificates: scientific, equitable, and legal challenges.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Phelan, Alexandra L"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380041", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221132, "title": "In Silico assessment of the impact of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) genomic variation on published real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection assays.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Fan, Hang", "Zhang, Xiang-Li-Lan", "Zhang, Ya-Wei", "Huang, Yong", "Teng, Yue", "Guo, Yan", "Mi, Zhi-Qiang", "Yang, Rui-Fu", "Song, Ya-Jun", "Cui, Yu-Jun"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221132", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239781, "title": "What use are words at a time like this?", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Darbyshire, Philip"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239781", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242121, "pmcid": "PMC7117553", "title": "The COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance: collecting data in a pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Rev Rheumatol", "authors": ["Robinson, Philip C", "Yazdany, Jinoos"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242121", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455107, "pmcid": "PMC7236748", "title": "Prone positioning to improve oxygenation and relieve respiratory symptoms in awake, spontaneously breathing non-intubated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Sztajnbok, Jaques", "Maselli-Schoueri, Jean Henri", "Cunha de Resende Brasil, Lucas Mendes", "Farias de Sousa, Lucilene", "Cordeiro, Camila Muniz", "Sansao Borges, Luciana Marques", "Malaque, Ceila Maria Sant' Ana"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455107", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergency departments are facing an unprecedented challenge in dealing with patients who have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The massive number of cases evolving to respiratory failure are leading to a rapid depletion of medical resources such as respiratory support equipment, which is more critical in low- and middle-income countries. In this context, any therapeutic and oxygenation support strategy that conserves medical resources should be welcomed. Prone positioning is a well-known ventilatory support strategy to improve oxygenation levels. Self-proning can be used in the management of selected patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Here, we describe our experience with two COVID-19-positive patients who were admitted with respiratory failure. The patients were successfully managed with self-proning and noninvasive oxygenation without the need for intubation."}, {"pmid": 32534129, "title": "Urgent Peritoneal Dialysis in Patients With COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury: A Single-Center Experience in a Time of Crisis in the United States.", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Sourial, Maryanne Y", "Sourial, Mina H", "Dalsan, Rochelle", "Graham, Jay", "Ross, Michael", "Chen, Wei", "Golestaneh, Ladan"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534129", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At Montefiore Medical Center, in The Bronx, NY, the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was admitted on March 11, 2020. At the height of the pandemic, there were 855 patients with COVID-19 admitted on April 13, 2020. Due to high demand for dialysis and shortages of staff and supplies, we started an urgent peritoneal dialysis (PD) program. From April 1st to April 22nd, 30 patients were started on PD. Of those 30 patients, 14 died during their hospitalization, 8 were discharged, and 8 were still hospitalized as of May 14, 2020. Although the PD program was successful in its ability to provide much-needed kidney replacement therapy (KRT) when hemodialysis was not available, challenges to delivering adequate PD dosage included difficulties in providing nurse training and availability of supplies. Providing adequate clearance and ultrafiltration for patients in intensive care units was especially difficult due to high prevalence of hypercatabolic state, volume overload, and prone positioning. PD was more easily performed in non-critically ill patients outside the intensive care unit. Despite these challenges, we demonstrate that urgent PD is a feasible alternative to hemodialysis in situations with critical resource shortages."}, {"pmid": 32273142, "pmcid": "PMC7194652", "title": "Strategic planning and recommendations for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ehrlich, Haley", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273142", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389499, "pmcid": "PMC7252014", "title": "Inflamm-aging: Why older men are the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 complicated outcomes.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Bonafe, Massimiliano", "Prattichizzo, Francesco", "Giuliani, Angelica", "Storci, Gianluca", "Sabbatinelli, Jacopo", "Olivieri, Fabiola"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389499", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by a high mortality of elderly men with age-related comorbidities. In most of these patients, uncontrolled local and systemic hyperinflammation induces severe and often lethal outcomes. The aging process is characterized by the gradual development of a chronic subclinical systemic inflammation (inflamm-aging) and by acquired immune system impairment (immune senescence). Here, we advance the hypothesis that four well-recognized features of aging contribute to the disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 mortality suffered by elderly men: i. the presence of subclinical systemic inflammation without overt disease, ii. a blunted acquired immune system and type I interferon response due to the chronic inflammation; iii. the downregulation of ACE2 (i.e. the SARS-CoV-2 receptor); and iv. accelerated biological aging. The high mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests that clarification of the mechanisms of inflamm-aging and immune senescence can help combat not only age-related disorders but also SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32522816, "title": "Covid-19: Clinicians must be able to access all test results, pathologists say.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522816", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325386, "pmcid": "PMC7194871", "title": "Geographical distance to the epicenter of Covid-19 predicts the burnout of the working population: Ripple effect or typhoon eye effect?", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Stephen X", "Huang, Hao", "Wei, Feng"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325386", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 originated in Wuhan and rippled across China. We investigate how the geographical distance of working adults to the epicenter of Wuhan predicts their burnout - emotional, physical and mental exhaustion due to excessive and prolonged stress. Preliminary results of a survey of 308 working adults in 53 cities showed working adults' distance to the epicenter of Wuhan had an inverted U-shaped relationship with their burnout. Such results help to identify regions where people may need more psychiatric assistance, with direct implications for healthcare practitioners and policymakers."}, {"pmid": 32467809, "pmcid": "PMC7250521", "title": "Successful Conservative Management of Acute Appendicitis in a Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patient.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Suwanwongse, Kulachanya", "Shabarek, Nehad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467809", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Appendectomy is the gold standard of treatment for acute appendicitis; however, recent evidence suggests conservative management with intravenous antibiotics may provide similar outcomes and can be used as an alternative in selected patients. Performing appendectomy in acute appendicitis patients with 2019 novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)\u00a0is challenging, as it involves considerable operative risks for the patients and risks for health care professionals (HCPs) exposed to COVID-19. Medical management eliminates the morbidity and mortality associated with surgery but involves significant risks of treatment failures that, in turn, may lead to perforation, peritonitis, and death.\u00a0We are reporting a case of a middle-aged man with multiple co-morbidities, who was diagnosed with COVID-19 and acute appendicitis. Our patient received intravenous antibiotics for seven days with a significant improvement in symptoms. Our case report illustrates the implementation of successful conservative treatment for acute appendicitis in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32518921, "pmcid": "PMC7270630", "title": "Rheumatologists rapidly adjust patient care during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Kirby, Tony"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518921", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495468, "title": "Laser Safety Measures for The Treatment of Genital Warts in Hiv+ Patients During The Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Cameli, Norma", "Mariano, Maria", "Latini, Alessandra", "Morrone, Aldo", "Cristaudo, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495468", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462468, "pmcid": "PMC7252416", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan.", "journal": "Surg Today", "authors": ["Watanabe, Manabu"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462468", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its initial outbreak in China, in December, 2019, COVID-19 has spread rapidly across the globe. At the time of writing, on April 29, 2020, infections had been confirmed in more than 200 countries and regions and 3,018,681 infections and 207,973 deaths had been recorded. In Japan, the first confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported on January 16, 2020, since when, the number of domestic infections and the death toll have reached 13,852 and 389, respectively, representing exponential increases. Moreover, both domestically and internationally, the shortage of medical resources and the spread of infection among medical personnel, caused by nosocomial transmissions have become problematic. The pathology of COVID-19, including the exact infection route, remains largely unknown. Given the unavailability of an effective cure and vaccine, people are required to respond to this adversity without becoming complacent. The global efforts against the COVID-19 pandemic are ongoing endeavors, far from over. New epidemiological data and clinical findings are emerging on a daily basis, making it critical to always refer to the latest information."}, {"pmid": 32245738, "pmcid": "PMC7270511", "title": "[First case of neonatal infection due to SARS-CoV-2 in Spain].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Alonso Diaz, Clara", "Lopez Maestro, Maria", "Moral Pumarega, Maria Teresa", "Flores Anton, Beatriz", "Pallas Alonso, Carmen Rosa"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245738", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349111, "pmcid": "PMC7227197", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Ways Forward.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)", "authors": ["Wong, Raymond L M", "Lai, Kenny H W", "Huang, Suber S", "Jonas, Jost B", "Lam, Dennis S C"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349111", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323460, "pmcid": "PMC7264649", "title": "Solid organ transplantation programs facing lack of empiric evidence in the COVID-19 pandemic: A By-proxy Society Recommendation Consensus approach.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Ritschl, Paul V", "Nevermann, Nora", "Wiering, Leke", "Wu, Helen H", "Moroder, Philipp", "Brandl, Andreas", "Hillebrandt, Karl", "Tacke, Frank", "Friedersdorff, Frank", "Schlomm, Thorsten", "Schoning, Wenzel", "Ollinger, Robert", "Schmelzle, Moritz", "Pratschke, Johann"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has a drastic impact on national health care systems. Given the overwhelming demand on facility capacity, the impact on all health care sectors has to be addressed. Solid organ transplantation represents a field with a high demand on staff, intensive care units, and follow-up facilities. The great therapeutic value of organ transplantation has to be weighed against mandatory constraints of health care capacities. In addition, the management of immunosuppressed recipients has to be reassessed during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In addressing these crucial questions, transplant physicians are facing a total lack of scientific evidence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to offer an approach of consensus-based guidance, derived from individual information of 22 transplant societies. Key recommendations were extracted and the degree of consensus among different organizations was calculated. A high degree of consensus was found for temporarily suspending nonurgent transplant procedures and living donation programs. Systematic polymerase chain reaction-based testing of donors and recipients was broadly recommended. Additionally, more specific aspects (eg, screening of surgical explant teams and restricted use of marginal donor organs) were included in our analysis. This study offers a novel approach to informed guidance for health care management when a priori no scientific evidence is available."}, {"pmid": 32425307, "pmcid": "PMC7232064", "title": "Mesenchymal Stem Cells -Bridge Catalyst Between Innte And Adaptive Immunity In Covid 19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Rao Us, Vishal", "Thakur, Shalini", "Rao, Jyothsna", "Arakeri, Gururaj", "Brennan, Peter A", "Jadhav, Sachin", "Suhail Sayeed, Mufti", "Rao, Gururaj"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425307", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Majority of patients infected with the COVID 19 virus display a mild to moderate course of disease and spontaneously recover at 14 - 20 days,. However, about 15 % of patients progress to severe stages and 2.5% of these patients succumb to this illness. Most patients with severe disease belong to the elderly age group (< 65 years of age) and have multiple associated co-morbidities. The immune responses induced by the COVID 19 virus, during the incubation and non-severe stages, requires the early initiation of a specific adaptive immune response to eliminate the virus and prevent the progress to severe stages. In patients with a dysfunctional bridge adaptive immunity, the innate immune response becomes exaggerated due to the lack of feedback from the adaptive immune cells. The resultant cytokine storm is responsible for the severe lung injury leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome seen in COVID 19 patients. Mesenchymal stem cells are known to suppress overactive immune responses as well as bring about tissue regeneration and repair. This immuno-modulatory effect of MSCs could hold potential to manage a patient with severe symptoms of COVID 19 infection due to a dysfunctional adaptive immune system."}, {"pmid": 32341141, "title": "Evaluation of Transport Media and Specimen Transport Conditions for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Real Time Reverse Transcription PCR.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Rogers, Amy A", "Baumann, Russell E", "Borillo, Gwynngelle A", "Kagan, Ron M", "Batterman, Hollis J", "Galdzicka, Marzena", "Marlowe, Elizabeth M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341141", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a worldwide shortage of viral transport media and raised questions about specimen stability. The objective of this study was to determine the stability of SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA in specimen transport media under various storage conditions. Transport medium tested included: VCM, UTM\u00ae-RT, ESwab\u2122, M4 and saline (0.9% NaCl). Specimen types tested included Nasopharyngeal/Oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs in the above transport media, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and Sputum. A high-titer SARS-CoV-2 remnant patient specimen was spiked into pooled SARS-CoV-2 RNA-negative specimen remnants for the various media types. Aliquots of samples were stored at 18\u00b0C to 25\u00b0C, 2\u00b0C to 8\u00b0C and -10\u00b0C to -30\u00b0C and then tested at time points up to 14 days. Specimens consistently yielded amplifiable RNA with mean Ct differences of <3 over the various conditions assayed, thus supporting the use and transport of alternative collection media and specimen types under a variety of temperature storage conditions."}, {"pmid": 32437687, "pmcid": "PMC7211611", "title": "Proposed Changes to the Inpatient Services for the Disabled in the United States Post-COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Meythaler, Jay M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437687", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496414, "title": "Thinking Outside the Box.: A Low-cost and Pragmatic Alternative to Aerosol Boxes for Endotracheal Intubation of COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Brown, Huong", "Preston, David", "Bhoja, Ravi"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496414", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255475, "pmcid": "PMC7184462", "title": "Denominator matters in estimating COVID-19 mortality rates.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Gaye, Bamba", "Fanidi, Anouar", "Jouven, Xavier"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255475", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212512, "title": "Retrospective Analysis of 61 Cases of Children Died of Viral Pneumonia.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, X B", "Du, S H", "Lu, J C", "Tan, X H", "Li, D R", "Yue, X", "Wang, Q", "Wang, H J", "Qiao, D F"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212512", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chloroquines are the long-established prescription drug, which are often used clinically to treat malaria and connective tissue diseases. Since December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 \uff08COVID-19\uff09 outbreaks caused by 2019 novel coronavirus \uff082019-nCoV\uff09 has occurred in China and many countries around the world. Due to the lack of drugs against COVID-19, the disease spreads rapidly and the mortality rate is relatively high. Therefore, specific drugs against 2019-nCoV need to be quickly screened. The antimalarial drug chloroquine phosphate which has already been approved is confirmed to have an anti-2019-nCoV effect and has been included in diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines. However, awareness of the risk of chloroquine phosphate causing acute poisoning or even death should be strengthened. The current dosage recommended in clinical treatment is larger than that in previous treatment of malaria and the period of treatment is longer. Many provinces have required close clinical monitoring of adverse reactions. This paper reviews the pharmacological effects, poisoning and toxicological mechanisms, in vivo metabolism and distribution, and forensic issues of chloroquine drugs, in order to provide help to forensic practice and clinical work."}, {"pmid": 32334082, "pmcid": "PMC7194639", "title": "ACE2 Expression in Pancreas May Cause Pancreatic Damage After SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Liu, Furong", "Long, Xin", "Zhang, Bixiang", "Zhang, Wanguang", "Chen, Xiaoping", "Zhang, Zhanguo"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334082", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in human beings, has caused a serious public health issue.1 Attention to pancreatic injury is lacking, which may impact patients' prognosis. In this study, we explored the expression and distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, in the pancreas. Combined with clinical data, we showed that pancreatic injury can occur in some COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32245840, "title": "Regional anesthesia in patients with suspected COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Altiparmak, Basak", "Korkmaz Toker, Melike", "Uysal, Ali Ihsan", "Gumus Demi Rbi Lek, Semra"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245840", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519636, "title": "Credibility of self-reported health parameters in elderly population.", "journal": "Prim Health Care Res Dev", "authors": ["Amster, Roi", "Reychav, Iris", "McHaney, Roger", "Zhu, Lin", "Azuri, Joseph"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519636", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Examining the credibility of self-reported height, weight, and blood pressure by the elderly population using a tablet in a retirement residence, and examining the influence of health beliefs on the self-reporting credibility. Obesity is a major problem with rising prevalence in the western world. Hypertension is also a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Self-report, remotely from the clinic, becomes even more essential when patients are encouraged to avoid visiting the clinic as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-reporting of height and weight is suspected of leading to underestimation of obesity prevalence in the population; however, it has not been well studied in the elderly population.The Health Belief Model tries to predict and explain decision making of patients based on the patient's health beliefs. Residents of a retirement home network filled a questionnaire about their health beliefs regarding hypertension and obesity and self-reported their height, weight, and blood pressure. Blood pressure, height, and weight were then measured and compared to the patients' self-reporting. Ninety residents, aged 84.90\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.88, filled the questionnaire. From a clinical perspective, the overall gap between the measured and the self-reported BMI (M\u00a0=\u00a01.43, SD\u00a0=\u00a02.72), which represents an absolute gap of 0.74\u00a0kilograms and 2.95\u00a0centimeters, is expected to have only a mild influence on the physician's clinical evaluation of the patient's medical condition. This can allow the physician to estimate their patient's BMI status before the medical consultation and physical examination upon the patient's self-reporting. Patients' dichotomous (normal/abnormal) self-report of their blood pressure condition was relatively credible: positive predictive value (PPV) of 77.78% for normal blood pressure (BP) and 78.57% for abnormal BP. The relatively high PPV of BP self-reporting demonstrates an option for the physician to recognize patients at risk. Regression analysis found no correlation between the anthropometric parameters and the Health Belief Model."}, {"pmid": 32181904, "pmcid": "PMC7228327", "title": "Under the epidemic situation of COVID-19, should special attention to pregnant women be given?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Jiao, Jian"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181904", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354798, "title": "Acute myocardial injury is common in patients with covid-19 and impairs their prognosis.", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Wei, Jia-Fu", "Huang, Fang-Yang", "Xiong, Tian-Yuan", "Liu, Qi", "Chen, Hong", "Wang, Hui", "Huang, He", "Luo, Yi-Chun", "Zhou, Xuan", "Liu, Zhi-Yue", "Peng, Yong", "Xu, Yuan-Ning", "Wang, Bo", "Yang, Ying-Ying", "Liang, Zong-An", "Lei, Xue-Zhong", "Ge, Yang", "Yang, Ming", "Zhang, Ling", "Zeng, Ming-Quan", "Yu, He", "Liu, Kai", "Jia, Yu-Heng", "Prendergast, Bernard D", "Li, Wei-Min", "Chen, Mao"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354798", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We sought to explore the prevalence and immediate clinical implications of acute myocardial injury in a cohort of patients with covid-19 in a region of China where medical resources are less stressed than in Wuhan (the epicentre of the pandemic). We prospectively assessed the medical records, laboratory results, chest CT images and use of medication in a cohort of patients presenting to two designated covid-19 treatment centres in Sichuan, China. Outcomes of interest included death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), need for mechanical ventilation, treatment with vasoactive agents and classification of disease severity. Acute myocardial injury was defined by a value of high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) greater than the normal upper limit. A total of 101 cases were enrolled from January to 10 March 2020 (average age 49 years, IQR 34-62 years). Acute myocardial injury was present in 15.8% of patients, nearly half of whom had a hs-TnT value fivefold greater than the normal upper limit. Patients with acute myocardial injury were older, with a higher prevalence of pre-existing cardiovascular disease and more likely to require ICU admission (62.5% vs 24.7%, p=0.003), mechanical ventilation (43.5% vs 4.7%, p<0.001) and treatment with vasoactive agents (31.2% vs 0%, p<0.001). Log hs-TnT was associated with disease severity (OR 6.63, 95% CI 2.24 to 19.65), and all of the three deaths occurred in patients with acute myocardial injury. Acute myocardial injury is common in patients with covid-19 and is associated with adverse prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32420073, "pmcid": "PMC7225133", "title": "Challenges and countermeasures of thoracic oncology in the epidemic of COVID-19.", "journal": "Transl Lung Cancer Res", "authors": ["Guo, Haoyue", "Chen, Xiaoxia", "Su, Chunxia", "Liu, Yu", "Wang, Hao", "Sun, Chenglong", "Chen, Peixin", "Jiang, Minlin", "Xu, Yi", "Wu, Shengyu", "Jia, Keyi", "Zhao, Sha", "Li, Wei", "Chen, Bin", "Wang, Lei", "Yu, Jia", "Xiong, Anwen", "Gao, Guanghui", "Wu, Fengying", "Li, Jiayu", "Ye, Lingyun", "Bo, Bing", "Chen, Shen", "Ren, Shengxiang", "He, Yayi", "Zhou, Caicun"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420073", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December, 2019, a 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, and the epidemic situation has continued to spread globally. The epidemic spread of COVID-19 has brought great challenges to the clinical practice of thoracic oncology. Outpatient clinics need to strengthen the differential diagnosis of initial symptoms, pulmonary ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, interstitial and/or interlobular septal thickening, and crazy paving appearance. In the routine of oncology, the differential diagnosis of adverse events from COVID-19 is also significant, including radiation pneumonitis, checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP), neutropenic fever, and so on. During the epidemic, indications of transbronchial biopsy (TBB) and CT-guided percutaneous thoracic biopsy are strictly controlled. For patients who are planning to undergo biopsy operation, screening to exclude the possibility of COVID-19 should be carried out. For confirmed or suspected patients, three-level protection should be performed during the operation. Disinfection and isolation measures should be strictly carried out during the operation. At last, more attention to the protection of cancer patients and give priority to the treatment of infected cancer patients."}, {"pmid": 32188308, "pmcid": "PMC7140782", "title": "We Need Strong Public Health Care to Contain the Global Corona Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Health Serv", "authors": ["De Ceukelaire, Wim", "Bodini, Chiara"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188308", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The corona virus (COVID-19) outbreak has spread from China to over a hundred countries in less than 2 months. Now is the time to take stock and to assess the responses of different countries to the outbreak so far. What we can learn from the global Corona pandemic so far is that strong public health systems have the resilience to address massive health threats with the collective responses they require. Privatization of health services and individualization of risks might further undermine our ability to address this and future global pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32386911, "pmcid": "PMC7177100", "title": "Anti-cancer therapy and clinical trial considerations for gynecologic oncology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.", "journal": "Gynecol Oncol", "authors": ["Pothuri, Bhavana", "Alvarez Secord, Angeles", "Armstrong, Deborah K", "Chan, John", "Fader, Amanda N", "Huh, Warner", "Kesterson, Joshua", "Liu, Joyce F", "Moore, Kathleen", "Westin, Shannon N", "Naumann, R Wendel"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has consumed considerable resources and has impacted the delivery of cancer care. Patients with cancer may have factors which place them at high risk for COVID 19 morbidity or mortality. Highly immunosuppressive chemotherapy regimens and possible exposure to COVID-19 during treatment may put patients at additional risk. The Society of Gynecologic Oncology convened an expert panel to address recommendations for best practices during this crisis to minimize risk to patients from deviations in cancer care and from COVID-19 morbidity. An expert panel convened to develop initial consensus guidelines regarding anti-neoplastic therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic with respect to gynecologic cancer care and clinical trials. COVID-19 poses special risks to patients who are older, have medical co-morbidities, and cancer. In addition, this pandemic will likely strain resources, making delivery of cancer care or conduct of clinical trials unpredictable. Recommendations are to limit visits and contact with health care facilities by using telemedicine when appropriate, and choosing regimens which require less frequent visits and which are less immunosuppressive. Deviations will occur in clinical trials as a result of limited resources, and it is important to understand regulatory obligations to trial sponsors as well as to the IRB to ensure that clinical trial and patient safety oversight are maintained. The ongoing crisis will strain resources needed to deliver cancer care. When alterations to the delivery of care are mandated, efforts should be taken to minimize risks and maximize safety while approximating standard practice."}, {"pmid": 32271507, "title": "Psychiatry's Niche Role in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Psychiatry", "authors": ["Goldberg, Joseph F"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271507", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419705, "pmcid": "PMC7225690", "title": "COVID-19: COMO TRANSFORMAR UN VENTILADOR DE NO INVASIVA EN UN VENTILADOR DE CRITICOS.", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Tusman, Gerardo", "Campos, Marcelo", "Gogniat, Emiliano"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419705", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic caused not only many deaths around the world but also made evident technical limitations of hospital and intensive care units (ICU). The growing demand of ICU ventilators in a short lapse of time constitutes one of the main community concerns. The main goal of this communication is to give simple solutions to transform a noninvasive ventilator in an invasive one for intubated patients. The proposal can be applied in two well defined strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic: To replace anesthesia workstations, leaving those machines to be used in patients. To apply this option in COVID-19 patients by way of a therapeutic \"bridge\", waiting for the release of a ventilator in the ICU."}, {"pmid": 32366490, "pmcid": "PMC7236832", "title": "Reply to: \"Current smoking is not associated with COVID-19\".", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Leung, Janice M", "Yang, Chen Xi", "Sin, Don D"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366490", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384045, "title": "Prognostic Value of Leukocytosis and Lymphopenia for Coronavirus Disease Severity.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Glen", "Kovalic, Alex J", "Graber, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384045", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate lymphopenia as a marker for coronavirus disease severity, we conducted a meta-analysis of 10 studies. Severe illness was associated with lower lymphocyte and higher leukocyte counts. Using these markers for early identification of patients with severe disease may help healthcare providers prioritize the need to obtain therapy."}, {"pmid": 32398379, "title": "Convalescent plasma for patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Zeng, Furong", "Chen, Xiang", "Deng, Guangtong"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398379", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460349, "title": "Further evidence that chilblains are a cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Hughes, M", "Rogers, S", "Lepri, G", "Bruni, C", "Matucci-Cerinic, M"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460349", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A range of cutaneous conditions including chilblain-like lesions have been reported in patients with Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2). Using clinical data and images, the authors of a recent nationwide Spanish survey identified 5 clinical patterns which were associated with different patient demographics, onset (timing), and prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32359869, "pmcid": "PMC7151470", "title": "Brief guideline for the prevention of COVID-19 infection in head and neck and otolaryngology surgeons.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Boccalatte, L A", "Larranaga, J J", "Perez Raffo, G M", "Teijido, C A", "Garcia Fornari, G", "Staneloni, M I", "Figari, M F"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359869", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Anatomically, viral density is greater in the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx. It is to be expected that instrumentation in or through those areas will entail a higher risk of transmission. That's why head and neck and otolaryngologist surgeons are among the most vulnerable health professionals. Surgeons should essentially perform procedures they require. Surgeries should be performed with personal protective equipment suitable for the high risk of aerosolization: goggles, N95 face mask, facial mask, blood-repelling gown and gloves. It is advisable to have the cooperative COVID-19 test in all patients. Telemedicine is a useful resource if resources allow it. Otolaryngologists and related specialists are among the groups at higher risk when performing surgeries and upper airway examinations. There are no emergencies in a pandemic. The care of health professionals is crucial to combating this health situation."}, {"pmid": 32340737, "pmcid": "PMC7160057", "title": "Can You Catch It? Lessons Learned and Modification of ED Triage Symptom- and Travel-Screening Strategy.", "journal": "J Emerg Nurs", "authors": ["Schwedhelm, Michelle M", "Herstein, Jocelyn J", "Watson, Suzanne M", "Mead, Amy L", "Maddalena, Leo", "Liston, Devon D", "Hewlett, Angela L"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340737", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Efficient identification and isolation of patients with communicable diseases limits exposure to health care workers, other patients, and visitors. In August 2014, our team developed and implemented an algorithm to triage suspected cases of Ebola virus disease in a midwestern United States emergency department and outpatient clinics based on patient travel history and symptoms. Here, we present the lessons learned and modifications to update the tool. Two strategies were developed and utilized to properly identify, isolate, and inform on patients with suspected highly hazardous communicable diseases: 1) a robust electronic symptom and travel screen with decision support tools in the electronic medical record, and 2) the availability of workflow protocols for Ebola virus disease, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) once a person under investigation is identified. After action reports provided opportunities to modify the algorithm and improve the identification and isolation processes. Since our screening and travel electronic medical record inception 5 years ago, modifications changed iteratively to further enhance the screening process. Since 2018, staff have identified 5 patients at risk for MERS; in all cases, identification occurred during the check-in process. Exposure investigations in the emergency department decreased significantly after algorithm implementation in January 2019, from 30 in 2018 to 0 in 2019. Although highly hazardous communicable diseases like Ebola virus disease and MERS are of concern due to their mortality rates and limited treatment options, these same concepts may be applied to the early identification and isolation of patients suspected of having more common communicable diseases like measles and influenza, emphasizing the importance of protocol-based screening in the healthcare environment."}, {"pmid": 32336564, "pmcid": "PMC7130643", "title": "SEPAR-AEER Consensus Recommendations on the Usefulness of the Thoracic Ultrasound in the Management of the Patient with Suspected or Confirmed Infection with COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Perez Pallares, Javier", "Flandes Aldeyturriaga, Javier", "Cases Viedma, Enrique", "Cordovilla Perez, Rosa"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336564", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The great pulmonary affectation produced by the COVID-19 infection, requires a fast diagnostic tool that complements the diagnostic test by PCR and which is also useful in evaluating the progression of lung lesions. Since most of these are peripheral, in this consensus document we propose the use of thoracic ultrasound for early diagnosis and for the daily evaluation of the progression of lung lesions by a single explorer without the need to use the chest CT. In this consensus, it is proposed to carry out a systematic ultrasound examination of the thorax dividing it by quadrants and therefore identifying the ultrasound signs that are related to the type of parenchymal or pleural affectation that the patient has: A lines, B lines, parenchymal condensation, pleural line and pleural effusion. These findings will facilitate the decision making regarding the patient management, both when deciding the place of admission of the patient and the type of treatment to be prescribed."}, {"pmid": 32484731, "title": "Telemedicine and the Interdisciplinary Clinic Model: During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Zughni, Lisa A", "Gillespie, Amanda I", "Hatcher, Jeanne L", "Rubin, Adam D", "Giliberto, John Paul"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484731", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the subsequent need for physical distancing have necessitated a swift change in health care delivery. Prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, many institutions utilized an interdisciplinary clinic model including both a laryngologist and a speech-language pathologist for the evaluation of patients with voice, swallowing, and upper airway disorders. To improve access, many providers are pursuing the use of interdisciplinary telemedicine to provide individualized patient-centered care while allowing for physical distancing. The purpose of this commentary is to review the current literature regarding telemedicine in laryngology and speech-language pathology as well as the current and future states of practice for interdisciplinary tele-evaluations."}, {"pmid": 32385523, "pmcid": "PMC7206216", "title": "IL-6 may be a good biomarker for earlier detection of COVID-19 progression.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Wang, Changsong", "Fei, Dongsheng", "Li, Xueting", "Zhao, Mingyan", "Yu, Kaijiang"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385523", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32182130, "pmcid": "PMC7147271", "title": "Be Prepared.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Ardati, Amer K", "Mena Lora, Alfredo J"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32182130", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445105, "pmcid": "PMC7243953", "title": "Global Consortium Study of Neurological Dysfunction in COVID-19 (GCS-NeuroCOVID): Study Design and Rationale.", "journal": "Neurocrit Care", "authors": ["Frontera, Jennifer", "Mainali, Shraddha", "Fink, Ericka L", "Robertson, Courtney L", "Schober, Michelle", "Ziai, Wendy", "Menon, David", "Kochanek, Patrick M", "Suarez, Jose I", "Helbok, Raimund", "McNett, Molly", "Chou, Sherry H-Y"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445105", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic developed, reports of neurological dysfunctions spanning the central and peripheral nervous systems have emerged. The spectrum of acute neurological dysfunctions may implicate direct viral invasion, para-infectious complications, neurological manifestations of systemic diseases, or co-incident neurological dysfunction in the context of high SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. A rapid and pragmatic approach to understanding the prevalence, phenotypes, pathophysiology and prognostic implications of COVID-19 neurological syndromes is urgently needed. The Global Consortium to Study Neurological dysfunction in COVID-19 (GCS-NeuroCOVID), endorsed by the Neurocritical Care Society (NCS), was rapidly established to address this need in a tiered approach. Tier-1 consists of focused, pragmatic, low-cost, observational common data element (CDE) collection, which can be launched immediately at many sites in the first phase of this pandemic and is designed for expedited ethical board review with waiver-of-consent. Tier 2 consists of prospective functional and cognitive outcomes assessments with more detailed clinical, laboratory and radiographic data collection that would require informed consent. Tier 3 overlays Tiers 1 and 2 with experimental molecular, electrophysiology, pathology and imaging studies with longitudinal outcomes assessment and would require centers with specific resources. A multicenter pediatrics core has developed and launched a parallel study focusing on patients ages <18 years. Study sites are eligible for participation if they provide clinical care to COVID-19 patients and are able to conduct patient-oriented research under approval of an internal or global ethics committee. Hospitalized pediatric and adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 and with acute neurological signs or symptoms are eligible to participate. The primary study outcome is the overall prevalence of neurological complications among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, which will be calculated by pooled estimates of each neurological finding divided by the average census of COVID-19 positive patients over the study period. Secondary outcomes include: in-hospital, 30 and 90-day morality, discharge modified Rankin score, ventilator-free survival, ventilator days, discharge disposition, and hospital length of stay. In a one-month period (3/27/20-4/27/20) the GCS-NeuroCOVID consortium was able to recruit 71 adult study sites, representing 17 countries and 5 continents and 34 pediatrics study sites. This is one of the first large-scale global research collaboratives urgently assembled to evaluate acute neurological events in the context of a pandemic. The innovative and pragmatic tiered study approach has allowed for rapid recruitment and activation of numerous sites across the world-an approach essential to capture real-time critical neurological data to inform treatment strategies in this pandemic crisis."}, {"pmid": 32330521, "pmcid": "PMC7194626", "title": "COVID-19 coronavirus research has overall low methodological quality thus far: case in point for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Alexander, Paul Elias", "Debono, Victoria Borg", "Mammen, Manoj J", "Iorio, Alfonso", "Aryal, Komal", "Deng, Dianna", "Brocard, Eva", "Alhazzani, Waleed"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330521", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prior epidemics of high-mortality human coronaviruses, such as the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV or SARS-1) in 2003, have driven the characterization of compounds that could be possibly active against the currently emerging novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Presently, no approved treatment or prophylaxis is available for COVID-19. We comment on the existing COVID-19 research methodologies in general and the published reporting. Given the media attention and claims of effectiveness, we chose chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, in combination with azithromycin, as an area of COVID-19 research to examine. MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases were searched from 2019 to present (April 3rd, 2020) using a mix of keywords such as COVID-19 and chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. We also searched the largest clinical medicine preprint repository, medRxiv.org. We found 6 studies, 3 randomized control trials and 3 observational studies, focusing on chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (with azithromycin). We critically appraised the evidence. We found that the COVID-19 research methodology is very poor in the area of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine research. In screening the literature, we observed the same across COVID-19 research in relation to potential treatments. The reporting is very poor and sparse, and patient-important outcomes needed to discern decision-making priorities are not reported. We do understand the barriers to perform rigorous research in health care settings overwhelmed by a novel deadly disease. However, this emergency pandemic situation does not transform flawed methods and data into credible results. The adequately powered, comparative, and robust clinical research that is needed for optimal evidence-informed decision-making remains absent in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32287083, "pmcid": "PMC7179057", "title": "Five Questions for Residency Leadership in the Time of COVID-19: Reflections of Chief Medical Residents From an Internal Medicine Program.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Rakowsky, Shana", "Flashner, Bess M", "Doolin, Jim", "Reese, Zachary", "Shpilsky, Jason", "Yang, Shu", "Smith, C Christopher", "Graham, Kelly"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically affected the traditional methods residency programs use to train their residents. Chief residents serve a unique role as part of the residency leadership to foster the education and development of the residents. Given the rapid shift in demands on physicians in the face of the pandemic, the responsibilities of the chief residents have also shifted to help prepare the residents to meet these demands as front-line providers. There is not a precedent for how residency programs respond to this crisis while maintaining their primary role to develop and train physicians. The authors have identified 5 questions chief residents can ask to guide their program's response to the demands of COVID-19 during this uncertain time in health care."}, {"pmid": 32459647, "title": "Intra-Rater and Inter-Rater Reliability of Tongue Coating Diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine Using Smartphones: Quasi-Delphi Study.", "journal": "JMIR Mhealth Uhealth", "authors": ["Wang, Zhi Chun", "Zhang, Shi Ping", "Yuen, Pong Chi", "Chan, Kam Wa", "Chan, Yi Yi", "Cheung, Chun Hoi", "Chow, Chi Ho", "Chua, Ka Kit", "Hu, Jun", "Hu, Zhichao", "Lao, Beini", "Leung, Chun Chuen", "Li, Hong", "Zhong, Linda", "Liu, Xusheng", "Liu, Yulong", "Liu, Zhenjie", "Lun, Xin", "Mo, Wei", "Siu, Sheung Yuen", "Xiong, Zhoujian", "Yeung, Wing Fai", "Zhang, Run Yun", "Zhang, Xuebin"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459647", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a growing trend in the use of mobile health (mHealth) technologies in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and telemedicine, especially during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Tongue diagnosis is an important component of TCM diagnosis. However, the procedure of obtaining tongue images has not been standardized and the reliability of tongue diagnosis by smartphone tongue images has yet to be evaluated. The first objective of this study was to develop an operating classification scheme for tongue coating diagnosis. The second and main objective of this study was to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of tongue coating diagnosis using the operating classification scheme. An operating classification scheme for tongue coating was developed using a stepwise approach and a quasi-Delphi method. First, tongue images (n=2023) were analyzed by 2 groups of assessors to develop the operating classification scheme for tongue coating diagnosis. Based on clinicians' (n=17) own interpretations as well as their use of the operating classification scheme, the results of tongue diagnosis on a representative tongue image set (n=24) were compared. After gathering consensus for the operating classification scheme, the clinicians were instructed to use the scheme to assess tongue features of their patients under direct visual inspection. At the same time, the clinicians took tongue images of the patients with smartphones and assessed tongue features observed in the smartphone image using the same classification scheme. The intra-rater agreements of these two assessments were calculated to determine which features of tongue coating were better retained by the image. Using the finalized operating classification scheme, clinicians in the study group assessed representative tongue images (n=24) that they had taken, and the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of their assessments was evaluated. Intra-rater agreement between direct subject inspection and tongue image inspection was good to very good (Cohen K range 0.69-1.0). Additionally, when comparing the assessment of tongue images on different days, intra-rater reliability was good to very good (K range 0.7-1.0), except for the color of the tongue body (K=0.22) and slippery tongue fur (K=0.1). Inter-rater reliability was moderate for tongue coating (Gwet AC2 range 0.49-0.55), and fair for color and other features of the tongue body (Gwet AC2=0.34). Taken together, our study has shown that tongue images collected via smartphone contain some reliable features, including tongue coating, that can be used in mHealth analysis. Our findings thus support the use of smartphones in telemedicine for detecting changes in tongue coating."}, {"pmid": 32316233, "pmcid": "PMC7235997", "title": "Geographical Accessibility to Glucose-6-Phosphate Dioxygenase Deficiency Point-of-Care Testing for Antenatal Care in Ghana.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Kuupiel, Desmond", "Adu, Kwame M", "Bawontuo, Vitalis", "Adogboba, Duncan A", "Drain, Paul K", "Moshabela, Mosa", "Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani P"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316233", "countries": ["Ghana"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency screening test is essential for malaria treatment, control, and elimination programs. G6PD deficient individuals are at high risk of severe hemolysis when given anti-malarial drugs such as primaquine, quinine, other sulphonamide-containing medicines, and chloroquine, which has recently been shown to be potent for the treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We evaluated the geographical accessibility to POC testing for G6PD deficiency in Ghana, a malaria-endemic country. We obtained the geographic information of 100 randomly sampled clinics previously included in a cross-sectional survey. We also obtained the geolocated data of all public hospitals providing G6PD deficiency testing services in the region. Using ArcGIS 10.5, we quantified geographical access to G6PD deficiency screening test and identified clinics as well as visualize locations with poor access for targeted improvement. The travel time was estimated using an assumed speed of 20 km per hour. Of the 100 clinics, 58% were Community-based Health Planning and Services facilities, and 42% were sub-district health centers. The majority (92%) were Ghana Health Service facilities, and the remaining 8% were Christian Health Association of Ghana facilities. Access to G6PD deficiency screening test was varied across the districts, and G6PD deficiency screening test was available in all eight public hospitals. This implies that the health facility-to-population ratio for G6PD deficiency testing service was approximately 1:159,210 (8/1,273,677) population. The spatial analysis quantified the current mean distance to a G6PD deficiency testing service from all locations in the region to be 34 \u00b1 14 km, and travel time (68 \u00b1 27 min). The estimated mean distance from a clinic to a district hospital for G6PD deficiency testing services was 15 \u00b1 11 km, and travel time (46 \u00b1 33 min). Access to POC testing for G6PD deficiency in Ghana was poor. Given the challenges associated with G6PD deficiency, it would be essential to improve access to G6PD deficiency POC testing to facilitate administration of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine to pregnant women, full implementation of the malaria control program in Ghana, and treatment of COVID-19 patients with chloroquine in malaria-endemic countries. To enable the World Health Organization include appropriate G6PD POC diagnostic tests in its list of essential in-vitro diagnostics for use in resource-limited settings, we recommend a wider evaluation of available POC diagnostic tests for G6PD deficiency, particularly in malaria-endemic countries."}, {"pmid": 32269046, "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Ferner, Robin E", "Aronson, Jeffrey K"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269046", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267494, "pmcid": "PMC7184392", "title": "CAPACITY-COVID: a European Registry to determine the role of cardiovascular disease in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Linschoten And, Marijke", "Asselbergs, Folkert W"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267494", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387238, "pmcid": "PMC7252011", "title": "Covid-19, induced activation of hemostasis, and immune reactions: Can an auto-immune reaction contribute to the delayed severe complications observed in some patients?", "journal": "Transfus Apher Sci", "authors": ["Amiral, Jean", "Vissac, Anne Marie", "Seghatchian, Jerard"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387238", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is characterized by weak symptoms in most affected patients whilst severe clinical complications, with frequent fatal issues, occur in others. Disease severity is associated with age and comorbidities. Understanding of viral infectious mechanisms, and antibody immune response, can help to better control disease progression. SARS-CoV-2 has a major impact on the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS), through its binding to the membrane cellular glycoprotein, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2), then infecting cells for replication. This report hypothesizes the possible implication of an autoimmune response, induced by generation of allo- or autoantibodies to ACE-2, or to its complexes with viral spike protein. This could contribute to some delayed severe complications occurring in affected patients. We also propose a strategy for investigating this eventuality."}, {"pmid": 32474041, "pmcid": "PMC7255725", "title": "Cancer in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Moiseev, Sergey", "Avdeev, Sergey", "Brovko, Michail", "Akulkina, Larisa", "Fomin, Victor"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474041", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461193, "pmcid": "PMC7246018", "title": "Potential antigenic cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and human tissue with a possible link to an increase in autoimmune diseases.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Vojdani, Aristo", "Kharrazian, Datis"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461193", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246849, "title": "Personal protective equipment during the coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 pandemic - a narrative review.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Cook, T M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246849", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Personal protective equipment has become an important and emotive subject during the current coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic. Coronavirus disease 2019 is predominantly caused by contact or droplet transmission attributed to relatively large respiratory particles which are subject to gravitational forces and travel only approximately 1 metre from the patient. Airborne transmission may occur if patient respiratory activity or medical procedures generate respiratory aerosols. These aerosols contain particles that may travel much longer distances and remain airborne longer, but their infective potential is uncertain. Contact, droplet and airborne transmission are each relevant during airway manoeuvres in infected patients, particularly during tracheal intubation. Personal protective equipment is an important component, but only one part, of a system protecting staff and other patients from coronavirus disease 2019 cross-infection. Appropriate use significantly reduces risk of viral transmission. Personal protective equipment should logically be matched to the potential mode of viral transmission occurring during patient care - contact, droplet or airborne. Recommendations from international organisations are broadly consistent, but equipment use is not. Only airborne precautions include a fitted high-filtration mask, and this should be reserved for aerosol generating procedures. Uncertainty remains around certain details of personal protective equipment including use of hoods, mask type and the potential for re-use of equipment."}, {"pmid": 32324359, "title": "Diagnostic consideration and bedside estimation of the prognosis in COVID-19 patients", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Korsos, Anita", "Kupcsulik, Szilvia", "Lovas, Andras", "Hankovszky, Peter", "Molnar, Tamas", "Szabo, Zsolt", "Babik, Barna"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324359", "countries": ["China", "Hungary"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown origin occured in Wuhan, China. The identified infective agent is a novel corona virus called \u201csevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\u201d (SARS-CoV-2) and the respiratory disease caused by this agent aquired the name \u201ccoronavirus disease 2019\u201d (COVID-19). In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. We reviewed the international literature regarding the novel coronavirus outbreak. Here below, we focus mainly on the diagnostic issues of COVID-19 and on the estimation of the prognosis. We detail the relevant anamnestic factors and initial examination results which serve as basics for the clinical suspicion of COVID-19. We also focus on the proper method of microbiological sampling and the relevant informations regarding diagnostic tests like the gold standard real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. We also cite the current national epidemiologic regulations of testing for novel coronavirus. In the last section, we emphasize the importance and the potential way of early identification of high-risk patients. The COVID-19 pandemic may cause substantial epidemiological and healthcare burden even in Hungary. In addition to the epidemiologic interventions aiming the deceleration of the outbreak, the early identification and the correct hospital treatment remain key issues since these may influence mortality. The chances of the critically ill patients could be improved solely by a high-quality and careful critical care. It is prudent to meet the experiences of colleagues working hard with these patients in the already heavily infected countries. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 667\u2013671."}, {"pmid": 32313884, "pmcid": "PMC7164919", "title": "COVID-19 complicated by Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Right-Sided Heart Failure.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Ullah, Waqas", "Saeed, Rehan", "Sarwar, Usman", "Patel, Rajesh", "Fischman, David L"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313884", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A patient with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) developed sudden shortness of breath and hypoxia. She was diagnosed with a massive pulmonary embolism (PE) complicated by right sided heart failure, which was successfully managed conservatively. This marks the first report of COVID-19 induced PE in association with acute heart failure."}, {"pmid": 32526273, "title": "A plea for the pathogenic role of immune complexes in severe Covid-19.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Vuitton, Dominique A", "Vuitton, Lucine", "Seilles, Estelle", "Galanaud, Pierre"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526273", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419703, "pmcid": "PMC7224675", "title": "Protocol for a partially nested randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the scleroderma patient-centered intervention network COVID-19 home-isolation activities together (SPIN-CHAT) program to reduce anxiety among at-risk scleroderma patients.", "journal": "J Psychosom Res", "authors": ["Thombs, Brett D", "Kwakkenbos, Linda", "Carrier, Marie-Eve", "Bourgeault, Angelica", "Tao, Lydia", "Harb, Sami", "Gagarine, Maria", "Rice, Danielle", "Bustamante, Laura", "Ellis, Kelsey", "Duchek, Delaney", "Wu, Yin", "Bhandari, Parash Mani", "Neupane, Dipika", "Carboni-Jimenez, Andrea", "Henry, Richard S", "Krishnan, Ankur", "Sun, Ying", "Levis, Brooke", "He, Chen", "Turner, Kimberly A", "Benedetti, Andrea", "Culos-Reed, Nicole", "El-Baalbaki, Ghassan", "Hebblethwaite, Shannon", "Bartlett, Susan J", "Dyas, Laura", "Patten, Scott", "Varga, John"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419703", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Contagious disease outbreaks and related restrictions can lead to negative psychological outcomes, particularly in vulnerable populations at risk due to pre-existing medical conditions. No randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have tested interventions to reduce mental health consequences of contagious disease outbreaks. The primary objective of the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network COVID-19 Home-isolation Activities Together (SPIN-CHAT) Trial is to evaluate the effect of a videoconference-based program on symptoms of anxiety. Secondary objectives include evaluating effects on symptoms of depression, stress, loneliness, boredom, physical activity, and social interaction. The SPIN-CHAT Trial is a pragmatic RCT that will be conducted using the SPIN-COVID-19 Cohort, a sub-cohort of the SPIN Cohort. Eligible participants will be SPIN-COVID-19 Cohort participants without a positive COVID-19 test, with at least mild anxiety (PROMIS Anxiety 4a v1.0 T-score\u202f\u2265\u202f55), not working from home, and not receiving current counselling or psychotherapy. We will randomly assign 162 participants to intervention groups of 7 to 10 participants each or waitlist control. We will use a partially nested RCT design to reflect dependence between individuals in training groups but not in the waitlist control. The SPIN-CHAT Program includes activity engagement, education on strategies to support mental health, and mutual participant support. Intervention participants will receive the 4-week (3 sessions per week) SPIN-CHAT Program via videoconference. The primary outcome is PROMIS Anxiety 4a score immediately post-intervention. The SPIN-CHAT Trial will test whether a brief videoconference-based intervention will improve mental health outcomes among at-risk individuals during contagious disease outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32396670, "pmcid": "PMC7272901", "title": "Symptom Criteria for COVID-19 Testing of Heath Care Workers.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Clemency, Brian M", "Varughese, Renoj", "Scheafer, Danielle K", "Ludwig, Brian", "Welch, Jacob V", "McCormack, Robert F", "Ma, Changxing", "Nan, Nan", "Giambra, Theresa", "Raab, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396670", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Symptom criteria for COVID-19 testing of heath care workers (HCWs) limitations on testing availability have been challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic. An evidence-based symptom criteria for identifying HCWs for testing, based on the probability of positive COVID-19 test results, would allow for a more appropriate use of testing resources. This was an observational study of outpatient COVID-19 testing of HCWs. Prior to testing, HCWs were asked about the presence of 10 symptoms. Their responses were then compared to their subsequent pharyngeal swab COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test results. These data were used to derive and evaluate a symptom-based testing criteria. A total of 961 HCWs were included in the analysis, of whom 225 (23%) had positive test results. Loss of taste or smell was the symptom with the largest positive likelihood ratio (3.33). Dry cough, regardless of the presence or absence of other symptoms, was the most sensitive (74%) and the least specific (32%) symptom. The existing testing criteria consisting of any combination of one or more of three symptoms (fever, shortness of breath, dry cough) was 93% sensitive and 9% specific (area unce the curve [AUC]\u00a0=\u00a00.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a00.59 to 0.67). The derived testing criteria consisting of any combination of one or more of two symptoms (fever, loss of taste or smell) was 89% sensitive and 48% specific (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.75, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.71 to 0.78). The hybrid testing criteria consisting of any combination of one or more of four symptoms (fever, shortness of breath, dry cough, loss of taste or smell) was 98% sensitive and 8% specific (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.77, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.73 to 0.80). An evidence-based approach to COVID-19 testing that at least includes fever and loss of taste or smell should be utilized when determining which HCWs should be tested."}, {"pmid": 32368701, "pmcid": "PMC7196556", "title": "COVID-19-Associated Collapsing Glomerulopathy: An Emerging Entity.", "journal": "Kidney Int Rep", "authors": ["Nasr, Samih H", "Kopp, Jeffrey B"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368701", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273335, "title": "COVID-19: community CPAP and NIV should be stopped unless medically necessary to support life.", "journal": "Thorax", "authors": ["Barker, Joseph", "Oyefeso, Oluwatobiloba", "Koeckerling, David", "Mudalige, Nadeesha Lakmal", "Pan, Daniel"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273335", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354786, "title": "Coronavirus pandemic stirs fight over abortion rights in US.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354786", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299528, "pmcid": "PMC7198458", "title": "Early phases of COVID-19 management in a low-income country: Bangladesh.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Monjur, Mohammad R", "Hassan, Md Zakiul"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299528", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446466, "pmcid": "PMC7236708", "title": "COVID-19: The road to recovery.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Diaz, Adrian", "Rahmanian, Armin", "Pawlik, Timothy M"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446466", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425320, "pmcid": "PMC7229475", "title": "Nitrous oxide inhalant abuse and massive pulmonary embolism in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Molina, Melanie F", "Al Saud, Ahad A", "Al Mulhim, Abdullah A", "Liteplo, Andrew S", "Shokoohi, Hamid"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425320", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A patient presented to the emergency department with altered mental status and lower extremity weakness in the setting of nitrous oxide inhalant abuse and Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. He subsequently developed hypotension and severe hypoxia, found to have a saddle pulmonary embolus (PE) with right heart strain requiring alteplase (tPA)."}, {"pmid": 32223349, "title": "How could artificial intelligence aid in the fight against coronavirus?", "journal": "Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther", "authors": ["Yassine, Hadi M", "Shah, Zubair"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223349", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360327, "pmcid": "PMC7252084", "title": "Potential repurposing of Favipiravir in COVID-19 outbreak based on current evidence.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Khambholja, Kapil", "Asudani, Deepak"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360327", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530030, "title": "Plastic Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Space, Equipment, Expertise Approach.", "journal": "Aesthet Surg J", "authors": ["Wu, Mengfan", "Wang, Jing", "Panayi, Adriana C"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530030", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314050, "pmcid": "PMC7170707", "title": "Recommendation of a practical guideline for safe tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Takhar, Arunjit", "Walker, Abigail", "Tricklebank, Stephen", "Wyncoll, Duncan", "Hart, Nicholas", "Jacob, Tony", "Arora, Asit", "Skilbeck, Christopher", "Simo, Ricard", "Surda, Pavol"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314050", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is placing unprecedented demand upon critical care services for invasive mechanical ventilation. There is current uncertainty regarding the role of tracheostomy for weaning ventilated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This is due to a number of factors including prognosis, optimal healthcare resource utilisation, and safety of healthcare workers when performing such a high-risk aerosol-generating procedure. Literature review and proposed practical guideline based on the experience of a tertiary healthcare institution with 195 critical care admissions for COVID-19 up until 4th April 2020. A synthesis of the current international literature and reported experience is presented with respect to prognosis, viral load and staff safety, thus leading to a pragmatic recommendation that tracheostomy is not performed until at least 14\u00a0days after endotracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients. Practical steps to minimise aerosol generation in percutaneous tracheostomy are outlined and we describe the process and framework for setting up a dedicated tracheostomy team. In selected COVID-19 patients, there is a role for tracheostomy to aid in weaning and optimise healthcare resource utilisation. Both percutaneous and open techniques can be performed safely with careful modifications to technique and appropriate enhanced personal protective equipment. ORL-HNS surgeons can play a valuable role in forming tracheostomy teams to support critical care teams during this global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32404808, "title": "Perfusion-ventilation imaging in an era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nucl Med Commun", "authors": ["Voo, Stefan", "Neriman, Deena", "Henry, Marc", "Kayani, Irfan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404808", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32149035, "pmcid": "PMC7045877", "title": "Effectiveness for the Response to COVID-19: The MERS Outbreak Containment Procedures.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "authors": ["Cho, Hae-Wol"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149035", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401079, "title": "Adapting to the impact of COVID-19: Sharing stories, sharing practice.", "journal": "Med Teach", "authors": ["Cleland, Jennifer", "McKimm, Judy", "Fuller, Richard", "Taylor, David", "Janczukowicz, Janusz", "Gibbs, Trevor"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401079", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health Professions' Educators (HPEs) and their learners have to adapt their educational provision to rapidly changing and uncertain circumstances linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper reports on an AMEE-hosted webinar: Adapting to the impact of COVID-19: Sharing stories, sharing practice. Attended by over 500 colleagues from five continents, this webinar focused on the impact of the virus across the continuum of education and training. Short formal presentations on teaching and learning, assessment, selection and postgraduate training generated wide-ranging questions via the Chatbox. A thematic analysis of the Chatbox thread indicated the most pressing concerns and challenges educators were experiencing in having to adapt programmes and learning across the continuum of medical education and training. The main areas of concern were: campus-based teaching and learning; clinical teaching; selection and assessment, and educator needs. While there is clearly no one simple solution to the unprecedented issues medical education and training face currently, there were two over-arching messages. First, this is a time for colleagues across the globe to help and support each other. Second, many local responses and innovations could have the potential to change the shape of medical education and training in the future."}, {"pmid": 32498267, "title": "The Psychological Impacts of a COVID-19 Outbreak on College Students in China: A Longitudinal Study.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Li, Hong Yan", "Cao, Hui", "Leung, Doris Y P", "Mak, Yim Wah"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498267", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak in Wuhan, China in late 2019 of a highly infectious new coronary pneumonia (COVID-19) led to the imposition of countrywide confinement measures from January to March 2020. This is a longitudinal study on changes in the mental health status of a college population before and after their COVID-19 confinement for the first two weeks, focusing on states of psychological distress, depression, anxiety and affectivity. The influence of possible stressors on their mental health were investigated, including inadequate supplies and fears of infection. Five hundred and fifty-five undergraduate students were recruited from Hebei Agricultural University in Baoding, China. The participants completed two online surveys-on anxiety and depression, and on positive and negative affect. One survey was conducted before the confinement and the other was conducted 15-17 days after the start of the confinement. Increases in negative affect and symptoms of anxiety and depression (p-values < 0.001) were observed after 2 weeks of confinement. Inadequate supplies of hand sanitizers, a higher year of study, and higher scores on anxiety and depression were common predictors of increased negative affect, anxiety, and depression across the confinement period. The results suggest that healthcare policymakers should carefully consider the appropriate confinement duration, and ensure adequate supplies of basic infection-control materials."}, {"pmid": 32513320, "title": "Health-protective behaviour, social media usage, and conspiracy belief during the COVID-19 public health emergency.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Allington, Daniel", "Duffy, Bobby", "Wessely, Simon", "Dhavan, Nayana", "Rubin, James"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513320", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427160, "pmcid": "PMC7227525", "title": "Covid-19 pandemic: Dangers of discontinuing treatment without medical advice.", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427160", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413378, "pmcid": "PMC7217097", "title": "Health status of patients with autoimmune liver disease during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in northern Italy.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Di Giorgio, Angelo", "Nicastro, Emanuele", "Speziani, Camilla", "De Giorgio, Massimo", "Pasulo, Luisa", "Magro, Bianca", "Fagiuoli, Stefano", "D' Antiga, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413378", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302285, "pmcid": "PMC7234688", "title": "Alternative Care Sites: An Option in Disasters.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Iserson, Kenneth V"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the limited surge capacity of the healthcare system is being quickly overwhelmed. Similar scenarios play out when an institution's systems fail, or when local or regional disasters occur. In these situations, it becomes necessary to use one or more alternative care sites (ACS). Situated in a variety of non-healthcare structures, ACS may be used for ambulatory, acute, subacute, or chronic care. Developing alternative care facilities is the disaster-planning step that moves communities from talking to doing. This commitment pays real dividends if a disaster of any magnitude strikes. This paper discusses the basic criteria for selecting, establishing and ultimately closing an ACS, difficulties of administration, staffing, security, and providing basic supplies and equipment."}, {"pmid": 32368252, "pmcid": "PMC7192402", "title": "Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy for luminal breast cancer treatment: a first-choice alternative in times of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ecancermedicalscience", "authors": ["Marti, Covadonga", "Sanchez-Mendez, Jose I"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368252", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemiological emergency caused by CoV-2 (COVID-19) has changed priorities in breast cancer management. In those places where the pandemic has had the greatest effect, it is of paramount importance for most patients to be at home, reducing or postponing their attendance at clinics, as well as avoiding surgeries. In this scenario, neoadjuvant endocrine treatment could be an appropriate alternative treatment for hormone receptor positive breast cancer (luminal-like tumours) in order to minimise hospital admissions and to delay elective surgeries. Accordingly, we present a simple protocol that can be applied to most cases of luminal-like breast cancer and is appropriate for the majority of secondary or tertiary medical centres, or even primary care."}, {"pmid": 32365207, "pmcid": "PMC7239091", "title": "Combined treatment of tocilizumab and chloroquine on severe COVID-19: a case report.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Xu, Chun-Yang", "Lu, Sheng-Dong", "Ye, Xun", "Cao, Meng-Yi", "Xu, Gui-Dong", "Yu, Qiang", "Qian, Jin-Xian", "Zeng, Gang"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365207", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399457, "pmcid": "PMC7213833", "title": "Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis as a Presentation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Hughes, Christopher", "Nichols, Tom", "Pike, Martin", "Subbe, Christian", "Elghenzai, Salah"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399457", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We describe the case of a 59-year-old man who presented with headache, hypertension and a single episode of fever with no other symptoms. He subsequently developed unilateral weakness. Computer tomography identified a cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). A subsequent test for COVID-19 was positive. This is the first report of CVST as a presenting symptom of COVID-19 infection. Thrombotic events may be the initial presenting symptom of COVID-19.These thrombotic events include stroke, venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism and cardiac complications.Clinicians should carefully consider the risk of thrombosis in patients positive for COVID-19, including prophylaxis and treatment beyond discharge."}, {"pmid": 32162604, "pmcid": "PMC7204580", "title": "How Is the World Responding to the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Compared with the 2014 West African Ebola Epidemic? The Importance of China as a Player in the Global Economy.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Maffioli, Elisa M"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162604", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article describes similarities and differences in the response of governments and the international community to the current 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the 2014 West African Ebola epidemic. It expresses the opinion that the speed and scale of the response to COVID-19 are affected by the important role that China plays in the global economy. By contrast, insufficient and less timely action was initially undertaken in West African countries during the 2014 Ebola epidemic. It concludes by stating why preparedness for and response to all disease outbreaks, also in countries of lower economic importance, should become a priority in the global health agenda."}, {"pmid": 32369283, "title": "A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Havlichek, Daniel Jr"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369283", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345594, "title": "Patients with Cancer Appear More Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2: A Multicenter Study during the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "authors": ["Dai, Mengyuan", "Liu, Dianbo", "Liu, Miao", "Zhou, Fuxiang", "Li, Guiling", "Chen, Zhen", "Zhang, Zhian", "You, Hua", "Wu, Meng", "Zheng, Qichao", "Xiong, Yong", "Xiong, Huihua", "Wang, Chun", "Chen, Changchun", "Xiong, Fei", "Zhang, Yan", "Peng, Yaqin", "Ge, Siping", "Zhen, Bo", "Yu, Tingting", "Wang, Ling", "Wang, Hua", "Liu, Yu", "Chen, Yeshan", "Mei, Junhua", "Gao, Xiaojia", "Li, Zhuyan", "Gan, Lijuan", "He, Can", "Li, Zhen", "Shi, Yuying", "Qi, Yuwen", "Yang, Jing", "Tenen, Daniel G", "Chai, Li", "Mucci, Lorelei A", "Santillana, Mauricio", "Cai, Hongbing"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345594", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel COVID-19 outbreak has affected more than 200 countries and territories as of March 2020. Given that patients with cancer are generally more vulnerable to infections, systematic analysis of diverse cohorts of patients with cancer affected by COVID-19 is needed. We performed a multicenter study including 105 patients with cancer and 536 age-matched noncancer patients confirmed with COVID-19. Our results showed COVID-19 patients with cancer had higher risks in all severe outcomes. Patients with hematologic cancer, lung cancer, or with metastatic cancer (stage IV) had the highest frequency of severe events. Patients with nonmetastatic cancer experienced similar frequencies of severe conditions to those observed in patients without cancer. Patients who received surgery had higher risks of having severe events, whereas patients who underwent only radiotherapy did not demonstrate significant differences in severe events when compared with patients without cancer. These findings indicate that patients with cancer appear more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. SIGNIFICANCE: Because this is the first large cohort study on this topic, our report will provide much-needed information that will benefit patients with cancer globally. As such, we believe it is extremely important that our study be disseminated widely to alert clinicians and patients.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 747."}, {"pmid": 32533563, "title": "Disinfection of corona virus in histopathology laboratories.", "journal": "Clin Anat", "authors": ["Luqman, Zubair", "Iqbal, Nasir", "Ali, Hafiz Muhammad", "Mustafa, Zahid", "Sikandar, Arbab", "Kausar, Razia"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533563", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS CoV-2/COVID-19) is a highly contagious and deadly disease caused by a virus belonging to the coronaviridae family. Researchers working in histopathology laboratories, dealing with morbid samples, are particularly vulnerable to infection unless they have very strong immunity. Hence, a proper precautionary protocol is required for the safety of the laboratory staff. The current review highlights the biological and physical agents that can be used to inactivate the virus and disinfect the surrounding environment in the laboratory. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32345337, "pmcid": "PMC7186947", "title": "Is a more aggressive COVID-19 case detection approach mitigating the burden on ICUs? Some reflections from Italy.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Lorenzoni, Giulia", "Lanera, Corrado", "Azzolina, Danila", "Berchialla, Paola", "Gregori, Dario"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345337", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476380, "title": "SARS-CoV-2, which induces COVID-19, causes kawasaki-like disease in children: role of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.", "journal": "J Biol Regul Homeost Agents", "authors": ["Ronconi, G", "Tete, G", "Kritas, S K", "Gallenga, C E", "Caraffa, Al", "Ross, R", "Conti, P"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476380", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In humans, SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome which presents edema, hemorrhage, intra-alveolar fibrin deposition, and vascular changes characterized by thrombus formation, micro-angiopathy and thrombosis. These clinical signs are mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. In recent studies it has been noted that COVID-19 pandemic can affect patients of all ages, including children (even if less severely) who were initially thought to be immune. Kawasaki disease is an autoimmune acute febrile inflammatory condition, which primarily affects young children. The disease can present immunodeficiency with the inability of the immune system to fight inflammatory pathogens and leads to fever, rash, alterations of the mucous membranes, conjunctiva infection, pharyngeal erythema, adenopathy, and inflammation. In the COVID-19 period, virus infection aggravates the condition of Kawasaki disease, but it has also been noted that children affected by SARS-V-2 may develop a disease similar to Kawasaki's illness. However, it is uncertain whether the virus alone can give Kawasaki disease-like forms. As in COVID-19, Kawasaki disease and its similar forms are mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by innate immunity cells such as macrophages and mast cells (MCs). In light of the above, it is therefore pertinent to think that by blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines with new anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-37 and IL-38, it is possible to alleviate the symptoms of the disease and have a new available therapeutic tool. However, since Kawasaki and Kawasaki-like diseases present immunodeficiency, treatment with anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressant molecules must be applied very carefully."}, {"pmid": 32220650, "pmcid": "PMC7158906", "title": "Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qiu, Haiyan", "Wu, Junhua", "Hong, Liang", "Luo, Yunling", "Song, Qifa", "Chen, Dong"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220650", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December, 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally. Little is known about the epidemiological and clinical features of paediatric patients with COVID-19. We retrospectively retrieved data for paediatric patients (aged 0-16 years) with confirmed COVID-19 from electronic medical records in three hospitals in Zhejiang, China. We recorded patients' epidemiological and clinical features. From Jan 17 to March 1, 2020, 36 children (mean age 8\u00b73 [SD 3\u00b75] years) were identified to be infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The route of transmission was by close contact with family members (32 [89%]) or a history of exposure to the epidemic area (12 [33%]); eight (22%) patients had both exposures. 19 (53%) patients had moderate clinical type with pneumonia; 17 (47%) had mild clinical type and either were asymptomatic (ten [28%]) or had acute upper respiratory symptoms (seven [19%]). Common symptoms on admission were fever (13 [36%]) and dry cough (seven [19%]). Of those with fever, four (11%) had a body temperature of 38\u00b75\u00b0C or higher, and nine (25%) had a body temperature of 37\u00b75-38\u00b75\u00b0C. Typical abnormal laboratory findings were elevated creatine kinase MB (11 [31%]), decreased lymphocytes (11 [31%]), leucopenia (seven [19%]), and elevated procalcitonin (six [17%]). Besides radiographic presentations, variables that were associated significantly with severity of COVID-19 were decreased lymphocytes, elevated body temperature, and high levels of procalcitonin, D-dimer, and creatine kinase MB. All children received interferon alfa by aerosolisation twice a day, 14 (39%) received lopinavir-ritonavir syrup twice a day, and six (17%) needed oxygen inhalation. Mean time in hospital was 14 (SD 3) days. By Feb 28, 2020, all patients were cured. Although all paediatric patients in our cohort had mild or moderate type of COVID-19, the large proportion of asymptomatic children indicates the difficulty in identifying paediatric patients who do not have clear epidemiological information, leading to a dangerous situation in community-acquired infections. Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Diseases, Ningbo Reproductive Medicine Centre, and Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Wenzhou."}, {"pmid": 32340996, "title": "Managing patients with rheumatic conditions during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Caporali, Roberto", "Favalli, Ennio Giulio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340996", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478553, "title": "COVID-19 has united patients and providers against institutional betrayal in health care: A battle to be heard, believed, and protected.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Klest, Bridget", "Smith, Carly P", "May, Collin", "McCall-Hosenfeld, Jennifer", "Tamaian, Andreea"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478553", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this commentary, researchers, health care consumers, and medical providers reflect on institutional betrayal during the COVID-19 pandemic in American and Canadian health care systems. Examples of institutional betrayal experienced by patients and their family members, as well as medical providers, are described. Although such examples may be more evident to the general public during the current pandemic, they do not represent new problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32385187, "title": "Training in neurology: Flexibility and adaptability of a neurology training program at the epicenter of COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Agarwal, Shashank", "Sabadia, Sakinah", "Abou-Fayssal, Nada", "Kurzweil, Arielle", "Balcer, Laura J", "Galetta, Steven L"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385187", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To outline changes made to a neurology residency program in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In early March 2020, the first cases of COVID-19 were announced in the United States. New York City quickly became the epicenter of a global pandemic, and our training program needed to rapidly adapt to the increasing number of inpatient cases while being mindful of protecting providers and continuing education. Many of these changes unfolded over days, including removing residents from outpatient services, minimizing the number of residents on inpatient services, deploying residents to medicine services and medical intensive care units, converting continuity clinic patient visits to virtual options, transforming didactics to online platforms only, and maintaining connectedness in an era of social distancing. We have been able to accomplish this through daily virtual meetings among leadership, faculty, and residents. Over time, our program has successfully rolled out initiatives to service the growing number of COVID-related inpatients while maintaining neurologic care for those in need and continuing our neurologic education curriculum. It has been necessary and feasible for our residency training program to undergo rapid structural changes to adapt to a medical crisis. The key ingredients in doing this successfully have been flexibility and teamwork. We suspect that many of the implemented changes will persist long after the COVID-19 crisis has passed and will change the approach to neurologic and medical training."}, {"pmid": 32503117, "title": "Lassa Fever: Viral Replication, Disease Pathogenesis, and Host Immune Modulations.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Ly, Hinh"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503117", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite major discoveries made in the last few decades about Lassa fever, there are still many unresolved key issues that hamper the development of effective vaccines and therapies against this deadly disease that is endemic in several West African countries. Some of these issues include the lack of a detailed understanding of the viral and participating host factors in completing the virus life cycle, in mediating disease pathogenesis or protection from disease, and in activating or suppressing host innate and cellular immunity against virus infection, as well as of the animal models required for testing vaccines and therapeutics. This Special Issue is devoted to understanding some of these important issues and to exploring the current status of the research and development in combating Lassa fever."}, {"pmid": 32438521, "title": "Update on clinical outcomes of women with COVID-19 during pregnancy.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Zeng, Yingchun", "Lin, Lin", "Yan, Qiaoyuan", "Wei, Wei", "Xiang Yang, Bing", "Huang, Run", "He, Fang", "Chen, Dunjin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438521", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389734, "pmcid": "PMC7204752", "title": "Spine Surgery in Atlantic Canada in the COVID-19 era: lessons learned so far.", "journal": "Spine J", "authors": ["El Helou, Antonios"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389734", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505834, "title": "Would ACEIs/ARBs be beneficial for COVID-19 patients without hypertension?", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Huang, Ying", "Xie, Changming", "Chen, Xiaoke", "Hong, Qianhui", "Huang, Hui"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505834", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332039, "title": "Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Quinn, Kieran L", "Fralick, Michael", "Zipursky, Jonathan S", "Stall, Nathan M"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332039", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464084, "title": "The first two months of COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Single-center experience.", "journal": "Bosn J Basic Med Sci", "authors": ["Arapovic, Jurica", "Skocibusic, Sinisa"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still progressing and has been recorded in more than 210 countries and territories worldwide. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the first cases of COVID-19 were detected on 5th of March 2020 in the entity of Republic of Srpska and 9th of March 2020 in the entity of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Up until the 16th of May 2020, more than 2,200 COVID-19 cases were recorded in both entities, with a mortality rate of 5.8% (131 out of 2231 cases). The aim of this ongoing study is to present the current epidemiological and sociodemographic parameters of 380 COVID-19 patients diagnosed at the University Clinical Hospital Mostar (UCH Mostar) during the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Out of 380 patients, 60 (15.8%) of them required hospitalization. The mortality rate was 5% (19/380). The highest mortality rate of 15.2% (12/79) was recorded in the patients age \u226565 years. In addition to this single-centre experience of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we discuss the epidemiological measures imposed in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with emphasis on the restrictive ones. The COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing in Bosnia and Herzegovina."}, {"pmid": 32003000, "pmcid": "PMC7163647", "title": "The novel Chinese coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections: Challenges for fighting the storm.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Bassetti, Matteo", "Vena, Antonio", "Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto"], "date": "2020-02-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32003000", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470167, "title": "Early risk factors of the exacerbation of Coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Chang-Zheng", "Hu, Shun-Lin", "Wang, Lin", "Li, Min", "Li, Huan-Tian"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470167", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to investigate the early risk factors for the exacerbation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Restrospective analysis of clinical data of 85 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, including gender, age, comorbidities, symptoms, blood routine, clotting profile, biochemical examination, albumin, myocardial enzyme profile, inflammatory markers, and chest CT. All laboratory examination were measured within first 24 hours after admission, and chest CT were performed before admission. 56 (65.9%) patients had a history of exposure to Huanan seafood market in Wuhan. Fever and dry cough accounted for the highest percentage of all symptoms. Male COVID-2019 patients were more likely to develop severe pneumonia. Patients with severe and critical conditions are older and have higher rates of hypertension (p=0.003) and coronary heart disease (p=0.017). All severe and critical patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed bilateral lung involvement and have more multiple lobes involvement than common patients (p<0.001). Severe and critical patients showed higher WBC count (p=0.006), NEU count (p=0.001), NEU% (p=0.002), PCT (p=0.011), CRP (p=0.003), PT (p=0.035), D-dimer (p=0.025), AST (p=0.006), and lower LYM count (p=0.019), LYM% (p=0.001), ALB (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed NEU count is a independent risk factor for deterioration, with the threshold of 6.5\u00d7109 \u00b7L-1 . We concluded that the laboratory independent risk factor for the progression of COVID-19 pneumonia is NEU count. In addition, COVID-19 patients with bilateral lung involvement or multiple lobes involvement should be taken seriously and actively treated to prevent deterioration of the disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32362314, "pmcid": "PMC7194065", "title": "A Multibasic Cleavage Site in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Is Essential for Infection of Human Lung Cells.", "journal": "Mol Cell", "authors": ["Hoffmann, Markus", "Kleine-Weber, Hannah", "Pohlmann, Stefan"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362314", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 threatens public health worldwide. The viral spike protein mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells and harbors a S1/S2 cleavage site containing multiple arginine residues (multibasic) not found in closely related animal coronaviruses. However, the role of this multibasic cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown. Here, we report that the cellular protease furin cleaves the spike protein at the S1/S2 site and that cleavage is essential for S-protein-mediated cell-cell fusion and entry into human lung cells. Moreover, optimizing the S1/S2 site increased cell-cell, but not virus-cell, fusion, suggesting that the corresponding viral variants might exhibit increased cell-cell spread and potentially altered virulence. Our results suggest that acquisition of a S1/S2 multibasic cleavage site was essential for SARS-CoV-2 infection of humans and identify furin as a potential target for therapeutic intervention."}, {"pmid": 32501349, "pmcid": "PMC7255348", "title": "When is it safe to ease lockdowns?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Hamzelou, Jessica"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501349", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Contact tracing and a low number of new cases are crucial before lifting coronavirus restrictions, reports Jessica Hamzelou."}, {"pmid": 32243911, "pmcid": "PMC7146693", "title": "C-reactive protein levels in the early stage of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Wang, L"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243911", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a new infectious disease, for which there is currently no treatment. It is therefore necessary to explore biomarkers to determine the extent of lung lesions and disease severity. We aimed to assess the usefulness of CRP levels in the early stage of COVID-19 and to correlate them with lung lesions and severe presentation. Confirmed cases of COVID-19 were selected at the Fever Unit in two regions of Guizhou, China. On admission CRP levels were collected, and the diameter of the largest lung lesion was measured in the most severe lung lesion by lung CT scan. Differences in the diameter and CRP levels were compared in the following groups of patients: mild group, moderate group, severe group, and critical group. CRP levels and the diameter of the largest lung lesion in the moderate group were higher than those in the mild group (Mann-Whitney test=-2.647, -2.171, P\u02c20.05), those in the severe group were higher than those in the moderate group (Mann-Whitney test=0.693, -2.177, P\u02c20.05), and those in the critical group were higher than those in the severe group (Mann-Whitney test=-0.068, -1.549, P\u02c20.05). The difference was statistically significant. CRP levels were positively correlated with the diameter of lung lesion and severe presentation (correlation coefficient=0.873, 0.734, P\u02c20.001). In the early stage of COVID-19 CRP levels were positively correlated with lung lesions and could reflect disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32458550, "title": "COVID-19-related anxiety predicts somatic symptoms in the UK population.", "journal": "Br J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Shevlin, Mark", "Nolan, Emma", "Owczarek, Marcin", "McBride, Orla", "Murphy, Jamie", "Gibson Miller, Jilly", "Hartman, Todd K", "Levita, Liat", "Mason, Liam", "Martinez, Anton P", "McKay, Ryan", "Stocks, Thomas V A", "Bennett, Kate M", "Hyland, Philip", "Bentall, Richard P"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458550", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to estimate the association between anxiety associated with COVID-19 and somatic symptoms, using data from a large, representative sample (N = 2,025) of the UK adult population. Results showed that moderate to high levels of anxiety associated with COVID-19 were significantly associated with general somatic symptoms and in particular with gastrointestinal and fatigue symptoms. This pattern of associations remained significant after controlling for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), pre-existing health problems, age, gender, and income. This is the first evidence that anxiety associated with COVID-19 makes a unique contribution to somatization, above and beyond the effect of GAD."}, {"pmid": 32377597, "pmcid": "PMC7199721", "title": "Need for Caution in the Diagnosis of Radiation Pneumonitis in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Shaverdian, Narek", "Shepherd, Annemarie", "Rimner, Andreas", "Wu, Abraham J", "Simone, Charles B 2nd", "Gelblum, Daphna Y", "Gomez, Daniel R"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377597", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with cancer are at high-risk for mortality from coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19). Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is a common toxicity of thoracic radiotherapy with overlapping clinical and imaging features with COVID-19, however, RP is treated with high-dose corticosteroids, which may exacerbate COVID-19-associated lung injury. We reviewed patients who presented with symptoms of RP during the intensification of a regional COVID-19 epidemic to report on their clinical course and COVID-19 testing results. The clinical course and chest computed tomography (CT) imaging findings of consecutive patients who presented with symptoms of RP in March 2020 were reviewed. The first regional COVID-19 case was diagnosed on 3/1/2020. All patients underwent COVID-19 qualitative RNA testing. Four patients with clinical suspicion for RP were assessed. Three out of four patients tested positive for COVID-19. All patients presented with symptoms of cough and dyspnea. Two patients had a fever, of whom only one tested positive for COVID-19. Two patients started on an empiric high-dose corticosteroid taper for presumed RP, but both had clinical deterioration, and ultimately tested positive for COVID-19 and required hospitalization. Chest CT findings in patients suspected of RP, but ultimately diagnosed with COVID-19 showed ground-glass opacities mostly pronounced outside the radiation field. As this pandemic continues, patients with symptoms of RP require diagnostic attention. We recommend that patients suspected of RP be tested for COVID-19 before starting empiric corticosteroids and for careful attention be paid to chest CT imaging in order to prevent potential exacerbation of COVID-19 in these high-risk patients."}, {"pmid": 32295405, "title": "Pediatric Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Review of Available Published Literature.", "journal": "Clin Pediatr (Phila)", "authors": ["Yagnik, Priyank J", "Umscheid, Jacob", "Khan, Abdul Wasay", "Ali, Mazahir", "Bhatt, Parth", "Desai, Pooja H"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295405", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32134800, "pmcid": "PMC7147282", "title": "Clinical and High-Resolution CT Features of the COVID-19 Infection: Comparison of the Initial and Follow-up Changes.", "journal": "Invest Radiol", "authors": ["Xiong, Ying", "Sun, Dong", "Liu, Yao", "Fan, Yanqing", "Zhao, Lingyun", "Li, Xiaoming", "Zhu, Wenzhen"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32134800", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China was caused by a novel coronavirus, newly named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We aimed to quantify the severity of COVID-19 infection on high-resolution chest computed tomography (CT) and to determine its relationship with clinical parameters. From January 11, 2020, to February 5, 2020, the clinical, laboratory, and high-resolution CT features of 42 patients (26-75 years, 25 males) with COVID-19 were analyzed. The initial and follow-up CT, obtained a mean of 4.5 days and 11.6 days from the illness onset were retrospectively assessed for the severity and progression of pneumonia. Correlations among clinical parameters, initial CT features, and progression of opacifications were evaluated with Spearman correlation and linear regression analysis. Thirty-five patients (83%) exhibited a progressive process according to CT features during the early stage from onset. Follow-up CT findings showed progressive opacifications, consolidation, interstitial thickening, fibrous strips, and air bronchograms, compared with initial CT (all P < 0.05). Before regular treatments, there was a moderate correlation between the days from onset and sum score of opacifications (R = 0.68, P < 0.01). The C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and lactate dehydrogenase showed significantly positive correlation with the severity of pneumonia assessed on initial CT (Rrange, 0.36-0.75; P < 0.05). The highest temperature and the severity of opacifications assessed on initial CT were significantly related to the progression of opacifications on follow-up CT (P = 0.001-0.04). Patients with the COVID-19 infection usually presented with typical ground glass opacities and other CT features, which showed significant correlations with some clinical and laboratory measurements. Follow-up CT images often demonstrated progressions during the early stage from illness onset."}, {"pmid": 32467284, "pmcid": "PMC7256271", "title": "Coding-Complete Genome Sequences of Two SARS-CoV-2 Isolates from Egypt.", "journal": "Microbiol Resour Announc", "authors": ["Kandeil, Ahmed", "Mostafa, Ahmed", "El-Shesheny, Rabeh", "Shehata, Mahmoud", "Roshdy, Wael H", "Ahmed, Shymaa Showky", "Gomaa, Mokhtar", "Taweel, Ahmed El", "Kayed, Ahmed E", "Mahmoud, Sara H", "Moatasim, Yassmin", "Kutkat, Omnia", "Kamel, Mina Nabil", "Mahrous, Noura", "Sayes, Mohamed El", "Guindy, Nancy M El", "Naguib, Amal", "Ali, Mohamed A"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467284", "countries": ["Egypt"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This report announces the complete genome sequences of two severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) isolates detected in Egypt. The isolates were obtained from oropharyngeal swab specimens from two Egyptians in Upper and Lower Egypt. Sequence analysis showed mutations that differentiate Egyptian strains from the reference strain 2019-nCoV WHU01."}, {"pmid": 32484990, "title": "First Case of Focal Epilepsy Associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Elgamasy, Sara", "Kamel, Mohamed Gomaa", "Ghozy, Sherief", "Khalil, Adham", "Morra, Mostafa Ebraheem", "Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484990", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A healthy patient presented to Klinikum Altm\u00fchlfranken Wei\u00dfenburg Hospital, Germany, with two-morning attacks of painful muscle spasm in left upper and lower limbs, without altered consciousness. Full examinations, radiological imaging, electroencephalography, lumbar puncture, and autoimmune profile were either normal or not consistent. Subsequent epileptic episodes were observed on admission day and following days; thus, the patient was diagnosed with focal epilepsy. The patient started to develop a fever and severe cough at day 4, and SARS-Coronavirus-2 was confirmed through a nasopharyngeal swap. She received anticonvulsants and symptomatic treatments and completely recovered. This report emphasizes on potential nervous system involvement in SARS-Coronavirus-2 pathogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32457165, "title": "Covid-19: Deadline for roll out of UK's tracing app will be missed.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Armstrong, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457165", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429004, "title": "First organ donation in Wuhan after ending of the coronavirus lockdown.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Shi, Huibo", "Xu, Jing", "Li, Xiaoqin", "Zhao, Yuanyuan", "Wei, Lai", "Jiang, Jipin", "Chen, Zhishui"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429004", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Organ donation has been suspended for almost 3 months in Wuhan due to COVID-19 outbreak. Donation and transplantation were performed on 8th April, the very day Wuhan lifted its lockdown. Two weeks after donation, COVID-19 screenings of the liver recipient and medical staffs present negative."}, {"pmid": 32393401, "title": "'Scientific Strabismus' or Two Related Pandemics: COVID-19 & Vitamin D Deficiency.", "journal": "Br J Nutr", "authors": ["Kara, Murat", "Ekiz, Timur", "Ricci, Vincenzo", "Kara, Ozgur", "Chang, Ke-Vin", "Ozcakar, Levent"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393401", "countries": ["France", "Sweden", "Norway", "Chile", "Qatar", "Austria", "Denmark", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Finland", "Portugal", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "World Health Organization announced the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak to be a global pandemic. The distribution of community outbreaks shows seasonal patterns along certain latitude, temperature, and humidity i.e. similar to the behavior of seasonal viral respiratory tract infections. COVID-19 displays significant spread in northern midlatitude countries with an average temperature of 5-11 \u00b0C and low humidity. Vitamin D deficiency has also been described as pandemic, especially in the Europe.Regardless of age, ethnicity, and latitude; recent data showed that 40% of the Europeans are vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L), and 13% are severely deficient (25(OH)D <30 nmol/L).A quadratic relationship was found between the prevalences of vitamin D deficiency in most commonly affected countries by COVID-19 and the latitudes. Vitamin D deficiency is more common in the subtropical and midlatitude countries than the tropical and high latitude countries. The most commonly affected countries with severe vitamin D deficiency are from the subtropical (Saudi Arabia; 46%, Qatar; 46%, Iran; 33.4%, Chile; 26.4%) and midlatitude (France; 27.3%, Portugal; 21.2% and Austria; 19.3%) regions. Severe vitamin D deficiency was found to be nearly 0% in some high latitude countries (e.g. Norway, Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Netherlands).Accordingly, we would like to call attention to the possible association between severe vitamin D deficiency and mortality pertaining to COVID-19. Given its rare side effects and relatively wide safety, prophylactic vitamin D supplementation and/or food fortification might reasonably serve as a very convenient adjuvant therapy for these two worldwide public health problems alike."}, {"pmid": 32406348, "title": "The benefits of Meditation and Mindfulness practices during times of crisis such as Covid-19.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Behan, C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Meditation and mindfulness are practices that can support healthcare professionals, patients, carers and the general public during times of crisis such as the current global pandemic caused by COVID-19. While there are many forms of meditation and mindfulness, of particular interest to healthcare professionals are those with an evidence base such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Systematic reviews of such practices have shown improvements in measures of anxiety, depression and pain scores. Structural and functional brain changes have been demonstrated in the brains of people with a long-term traditional meditation practice, and in people who have completed a MBSR programme. Mindfulness and meditation practices translate well to different populations across the lifespan and range of ability. Introducing a mindfulness and meditation practice during this pandemic has the potential to complement treatment and is a low-cost beneficial method of providing support with anxiety for all."}, {"pmid": 32302815, "pmcid": "PMC7151272", "title": "Psychological status of surgical staff during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Xu, Jian", "Xu, Qian-Hui", "Wang, Chang-Ming", "Wang, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302815", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which appeared in early December 2019, had an atypical viral pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei, China. And there is a high risk of global proliferation and impact. The sudden increase in confirmed cases has brought tremendous stress and anxiety to frontline surgical staff. The results showed that the anxiety and depression of surgical staff during the outbreak period were significantly higher and mental health problems appeared, so psychological interventions are essential."}, {"pmid": 32312919, "title": "Guidelines for the management of surgical departments in non-uniform hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pol Przegl Chir", "authors": ["Mitura, Kryspin", "Mysliwiec, Piotr", "Rogula, Wojciech", "Solecki, Michal", "Furtak, Jaroslaw Piotr", "Kazanowski, Michal", "Klek, Stanislaw", "Nowakowski, Michal", "Pedziwiatr, Michal", "Zawadzki, Marek", "Wallner, Grzegorz", "Sobocki, Jacek"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312919", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the last several weeks we have been witnessing the exponentially progressing pandemic SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. As the number of people infected with SARS-CoV2 escalates, the problem of surgical management of patients requiring urgent surgery is increasing. Patients infected with SARS-CoV2 virus but with negative test results will appear in general hospitals and may pose a risk to other patients and hospital staff. Health care workers constitutes nearly 17% of infected population in Poland, therefore early identification of infected people becomes a priority to protect human resources and to ensure continuity of the access to a surgical care. Both surgical operations, and endoscopic procedures are considered as interventions with an increased risk of infection. Therefore, determining the algorithm becomes crucial for qualifying patients for surgical treatment, but also to stratify the risk of personnel being infected during surgery and to adequately protect staff. Each hospital should be logistically prepared for the need to perform urgent surgery on a patient with suspected or confirmed infection, including personal protective equipment. Limited availability of the equipment, working under pressure and staff shortages in addition to a highly contagious pathogen necessitate a pragmatic management of human resources in health care. Instant synchronized action is needed, and clear uniform guidelines are essential for the healthcare system to provide citizens with the necessary surgical care while protecting both patients, and staff. This document presents current recommendations regarding surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland."}, {"pmid": 32427192, "pmcid": "PMC7232599", "title": "[Statement of the Austrian Society of Pneumology (ASP)].", "journal": "Wien Klin Mag", "authors": ["Flick, H", "Arns, B M", "Bolitschek, J", "Bucher, B", "Cima, K", "Gingrich, E", "Handzhiev, S", "Hochmair, M", "Horak, F", "Idzko, M", "Jaksch, P", "Kovacs, G", "Kropfmuller, R", "Lamprecht, B", "Loffler-Ragg, J", "Meilinger, M", "Olschewski, H", "Pfleger, A", "Puchner, B", "Puelacher, C", "Prior, C", "Rodriguez, P", "Salzer, H", "Schenk, P", "Schindler, O", "Stelzmuller, I", "Strenger, V", "Taubl, H", "Urban, M", "Wagner, M", "Wimberger, F", "Zacharasiewicz, A", "Zwick, R H", "Eber, E"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427192", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is currently a\u00a0challenge worldwide. In Austria, a crisis within the health care system has so far been avoided. The treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), including SARS-CoV\u20112 infections, should continue to be based on evidence-based CAP guidelines during the pandemic. However, COVID-19-specific adjustments are useful. The treatment of patients with chronic lung diseases must be adapted during the pandemic, but must still be guaranteed."}, {"pmid": 32395092, "pmcid": "PMC7211737", "title": "Reflections of a COVID-19 Graduate Nurse Student.", "journal": "J Nurse Pract", "authors": ["d'Aquin, Vanessa N"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395092", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of pandemic and chaos, the world did not cease. Although shelter-in-place was mandated, advance practice nursing students did not waiver. The Class of 2021 advance practice nurses will enter preventive and tertiary care with patience and resiliency. While healthcare facilities were limiting non-essential staff and visitors, the Class of 2021 did not stop. While working as full-time nurses and preparing our families for the worse care scenarios, we did not deter from our goals. Rather we found new goals through reflection and will be better prepared to face the unknown."}, {"pmid": 32363386, "pmcid": "PMC7239173", "title": "Smoking Cessation During the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Eisenberg, Sarah-Leah", "Eisenberg, Mark J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363386", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450756, "title": "An Otolaryngologist Redeployed to a COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit: Lessons Learned.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Dhar, Shumon Ian"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a significant personnel burden on intensive care units across the globe. Physicians from various specialties, including otolaryngology, have heeded the call and been redeployed to provide support, serving in a capacity outside their usual scope of practice. The author shares personal experience from redeployment and provides a framework for otolaryngologists to maximize their impact while providing high-quality patient care and preserving their personal safety."}, {"pmid": 32220929, "title": "Guidance needed for singlehanded GPs to deal with covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Dowd, Adrian"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220929", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400860, "pmcid": "PMC7239089", "title": "Quality & Safety in the time of Coronavirus-Design Better, Learn Faster.", "journal": "Int J Qual Health Care", "authors": ["Fitzsimons, John"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400860", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has required health systems to change much faster than normal. Many staff have experienced training in quality improvement and patient safety methods which can be used to support the design of new systems and to accelerate learning about new and adapted practices. This article sets out the principles of quality improvement and patient safety science, applying them in a selection of approaches, methods and tools which may be useful in crisis situations such as the current pandemic. The article also makes reference to several resources which may be of use to those keen to advance their knowledge."}, {"pmid": 32446791, "pmcid": "PMC7242194", "title": "Resuscitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learnt from high-fidelity simulation.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Lim, Wan Yen", "Wong, Patrick", "Teo, Li-Ming", "Ho, Vui Kian"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446791", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380154, "pmcid": "PMC7198432", "title": "Personal Protective Equipment for Common Urologic Procedures Before and During the United States COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Institution Study.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Sobel, David", "Gn, Martus", "O'Rourke, Timothy K Jr", "Tucci, Chris", "Pareek, Gyan", "Golijanin, Dragan", "Elsamra, Sammy"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380154", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the personal protective equipment (PPE) utilized in common urologic procedures before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States. As elective urologic procedures are being reduced to conserve resources, we sought to quantify the PPE used per case to determine the impact on potentially limited resources needed for protecting healthcare providers treating COVID-19 patients. An IRB approved retrospective analysis of all urologic procedures in March 2019 and March 2020 was performed. Additionally, all urologic procedures performed by vascular interventional radiology (VIR) in May 2019 and March 2020 were included in the analysis. Case length, surgical and operating room staff present and number of articles of PPE were quantified. Articles of PPE were defined as surgical bonnet/hat and mask, and disposable or reusable gown with 1 pair of surgical gloves. Four hundred and thirty-seven urologic and VIR procedures were included in the analysis. The mean PPE per case varied significantly between endoscopic and robotic categories. Robotic assisted laparoscopic cystectomy required the most hats and masks (14.5 per case in March 2019) whereas percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement by VIR required the fewest (3.1 in May 2019 and March 2020). PPE consumption varied significantly across urologic procedures. Robotic-assisted cases require the most PPE and percutaneous nephrostomy placement by VIR requires the fewest. While PPE shortages are currently being addressed national and internationally, our results provide a baseline benchmark for articles of PPE required should another pandemic or global disaster requiring careful attention to resource allocation occur in the future."}, {"pmid": 32369610, "title": "Severe COVID-19 infection and thrombotic microangiopathy: success does not come easily.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Gavriilaki, Eleni", "Brodsky, Robert A"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369610", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32151714, "pmcid": "PMC7135736", "title": "COVID-19 Therapeutic and Prevention.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Raoult, Didier", "Hsueh, Po-Ren", "Stefani, Stefania", "Rolain, Jean-Marc"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151714", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296910, "pmcid": "PMC7156897", "title": "Mechanism of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Xu, Panyang", "Zhou, Qi", "Xu, Jiancheng"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296910", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus has spread throughout China and across the world, causing a continuous increase in confirmed cases within a short period of time. Some studies reported cases of thrombocytopenia, but hardly any studies mentioned how the virus causes thrombocytopenia. We propose several mechanisms by which coronavirus disease 2019 causes thrombocytopenia to better understand this disease and provide more clinical treatment options."}, {"pmid": 32118640, "pmcid": "PMC7147279", "title": "Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Liu, Wei", "Tao, Zhao-Wu", "Wang, Lei", "Yuan, Ming-Li", "Liu, Kui", "Zhou, Ling", "Wei, Shuang", "Deng, Yan", "Liu, Jing", "Liu, Hui-Guo", "Yang, Ming", "Hu, Yi"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118640", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since early December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused pneumonia epidemic in Wuhan, Hubei province of China. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the progression of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. Associated results will be used to evaluate the prognosis and to find the optimal treatment regimens for COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients tested positive for the COVID-19 based on nucleic acid detection were included in this study. Patients were admitted to 3 tertiary hospitals in Wuhan between December 30, 2019, and January 15, 2020. Individual data, laboratory indices, imaging characteristics, and clinical data were collected, and statistical analysis was performed. Based on clinical typing results, the patients were divided into a progression group or an improvement/stabilization group. Continuous variables were analyzed using independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors for disease progression. Seventy-eight patients with COVID-19-induced pneumonia met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Efficacy evaluation at 2 weeks after hospitalization indicated that 11 patients (14.1%) had deteriorated, and 67 patients (85.9%) had improved/stabilized. The patients in the progression group were significantly older than those in the disease improvement/stabilization group (66 [51, 70] vs. 37 [32, 41] years, U\u200a=\u200a4.932, P\u200a=\u200a0.001). The progression group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with a history of smoking than the improvement/stabilization group (27.3% vs. 3.0%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a9.291, P\u200a=\u200a0.018). For all the 78 patients, fever was the most common initial symptom, and the maximum body temperature at admission was significantly higher in the progression group than in the improvement/stabilization group (38.2 [37.8, 38.6] vs. 37.5 [37.0, 38.4]\u00b0C, U\u200a=\u200a2.057, P\u200a=\u200a0.027). Moreover, the proportion of patients with respiratory failure (54.5% vs. 20.9%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a5.611, P\u200a=\u200a0.028) and respiratory rate (34 [18, 48] vs. 24 [16, 60] breaths/min, U\u200a=\u200a4.030, P\u200a=\u200a0.004) were significantly higher in the progression group than in the improvement/stabilization group. C-reactive protein was significantly elevated in the progression group compared to the improvement/stabilization group (38.9 [14.3, 64.8] vs. 10.6 [1.9, 33.1] mg/L, U\u200a=\u200a1.315, P\u200a=\u200a0.024). Albumin was significantly lower in the progression group than in the improvement/stabilization group (36.62\u200a\u00b1\u200a6.60 vs. 41.27\u200a\u00b1\u200a4.55\u200ag/L, U\u200a=\u200a2.843, P\u200a=\u200a0.006). Patients in the progression group were more likely to receive high-level respiratory support than in the improvement/stabilization group (\u03c7\u200a=\u200a16.01, P\u200a=\u200a0.001). Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that age (odds ratio [OR], 8.546; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.628-44.864; P\u200a=\u200a0.011), history of smoking (OR, 14.285; 95% CI: 1.577-25.000; P\u200a=\u200a0.018), maximum body temperature at admission (OR, 8.999; 95% CI: 1.036-78.147, P\u200a=\u200a0.046), respiratory failure (OR, 8.772, 95% CI: 1.942-40.000; P\u200a=\u200a0.016), albumin (OR, 7.353, 95% CI: 1.098-50.000; P\u200a=\u200a0.003), and C-reactive protein (OR, 10.530; 95% CI: 1.224-34.701, P\u200a=\u200a0.028) were risk factors for disease progression. Several factors that led to the progression of COVID-19 pneumonia were identified, including age, history of smoking, maximum body temperature at admission, respiratory failure, albumin, and C-reactive protein. These results can be used to further enhance the ability of management of COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32266767, "pmcid": "PMC7262238", "title": "EDITORIAL: COVID-19 and Anxiety and Depression in 2020.", "journal": "Depress Anxiety", "authors": ["Stein, Murray B"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266767", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409440, "title": "The role of cardiac imaging in hospitalized COVID-19-positive patients.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Wang, Tom Kai Ming", "Tang, W H Wilson", "Flamm, Scott D", "Griffin, Brian", "Dugar, Siddharth", "Grimm, Richard A", "Kwon, Deborah H"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409440", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 infection is associated with several cardiac complications with high rates of adverse outcomes. Cardiac imaging has different utility in different clinical scenarios, and the importance of minimizing healthcare worker exposure should be considered. Cardiac imaging should only be ordered if its benefits outweigh its risks, with anticipated changes in acute treatment and outcomes, and no suitable alternative of sufficient adequacy is available. Indications for advanced cardiac imaging for COVID-19 patients in the acute phase are limited, although follow-up imaging in the convalescent stage may provide prognostic importance in recovered COVID-19 patients with positive troponin or decompensated heart failure."}, {"pmid": 32406181, "pmcid": "PMC7272978", "title": "Mild COVID-19 in a pediatric renal transplant recipient.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Bush, Rachel", "Johns, Felicia", "Acharya, Ratna", "Upadhyay, Kiran"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406181", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of mid-April 2020, the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected more than 2 million people and caused 135\u00a0000 deaths worldwide. Not much is known about the effect of this disease in immunosuppressed children with renal transplantation (RT). Here we report a 13-year-old child with multiple comorbidities who acquired COVID-19 5\u00a0years post-RT in the United States. Maintenance immunosuppression (IS) consisted of sirolimus and mycophenolate. There was no history of travel or exposure to sick contacts. The presenting features were fever, cough, rhinorrhea, and hypoxemia. Diarrhea was the only extrapulmonary manifestation. Chest X-ray was normal. He did not require intensive care unit care or ventilation. There was a transient rise in his serum creatinine without change in urine output; dialysis was not required. Slight reduction in IS was done. He had an excellent clinical recovery within 4\u00a0days and was able to be discharged home. His respiratory symptoms resolved but the diarrhea persisted during a 4-week follow-up period. This report provides a brief perspective on the short-term COVID-19 clinical course in an immunosuppressed child. More reports will add valuable information on the potential variety of spectrum of the illness in this subset of children."}, {"pmid": 32432704, "title": "Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system dysregulation and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["John, Thadathilankal-Jess", "John, Kiran"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432704", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426242, "pmcid": "PMC7229956", "title": "Novel coronavirus-related acute respiratory distress syndrome in a patient with twin pregnancy: A case report.", "journal": "Case Rep Womens Health", "authors": ["Mehta, Harsh", "Ivanovic, Sasa", "Cronin, Amanda", "VanBrunt, Lindsey", "Mistry, Nirav", "Miller, Richard", "Yodice, Paul", "Rezai, Fariborz"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426242", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the case of a 39-year-old woman, G1P0, who had conceived twins via in-vitro fertilization, who presented at 27\u202fweeks of gestation with nasal congestion and dry cough for 7\u202fdays. On presentation, her physical examination was benign, except for sinus tachycardia, and she was oxygenating adequately on room air. Laboratory studies were unremarkable, except a PCR test positive for SARS-COV2, and a CT scan of her chest showed bilateral multi-focal ground-glass opacities. A fetal non-stress test was reassuring. She was treated with intravenous fluids, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, and hydroxychloroquine. During her hospital stay, she developed progressively worsening respiratory failure, initially requiring non-invasive ventilation, and subsequently progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation. She then suffered from sudden hypoxemia and hemodynamic collapse, on maximal ventilatory support, prompting an emergency cesarean section at bedside. This led to rapid stabilization of hemodynamic parameters, and of her overall respiratory status. Both the twins were born prematurely, and one of them tested positive for SARS-COV2."}, {"pmid": 32372832, "pmcid": "PMC7195334", "title": "Monitor sewage to track spread of the coronavirus.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Barras, Colin"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372832", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520086, "title": "COVID-19 and benign intracranial hypertension: A case report.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Noro, Fabio", "Cardoso, Fernando de Mendonca", "Marchiori, Edson"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520086", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333850, "pmcid": "PMC7175871", "title": "BEDSIDE TRANSCERVICAL-TRANSTRACHEAL POST-INTUBATION INJURY REPAIR IN A COVID-19 PATIENT.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Bassi, Massimiliano", "Anile, Marco", "Pecoraro, Ylenia", "Ruberto, Franco", "Martelli, Sabina", "Piazzolla, Mario", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Venuta, Federico", "De Giacomo, Tiziano"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333850", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-Co-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide since December 2019. A relevant rate of patients develops an acute respiratory distress syndrome that require hospitalization. Among them, a non-negligible rate (9.8%-15.2%) requires tracheal intubation for invasive ventilation. We report the case of a COVID-19 patient developing pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema secondary to post-intubation tracheal injury. The management of COVID-19 patient can be challenging due to the risk of disease transmission to caregivers and epidemic spread. We performed a bedside tracheal injury surgical repair, after failure of conservative management, with resolution of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema and improvement of patient's conditions."}, {"pmid": 32255510, "pmcid": "PMC7262046", "title": "COVID-19 and the use of immunomodulatory and biologic agents for severe cutaneous disease: An Australian/New Zealand consensus statement.", "journal": "Australas J Dermatol", "authors": ["Wang, Charlie", "Rademaker, Marius", "Baker, Christopher", "Foley, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255510", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients on immunomodulators, including biologic agents and new small molecular inhibitors, for cutaneous disease, represent a potentially vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is currently insufficient evidence to determine whether patients on systemic immunomodulators are at increased risk of developing COVID-19 disease or more likely to have severe disease. As such, clinicians need to assess the benefit-to-risk ratio on a case-by-case basis. In patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 disease, all immunomodulators used for skin diseases should be immediately withheld, with the possible exception of systemic corticosteroid therapy, which needs to be weaned. In patients who develop symptoms or signs of an upper respiratory tract infection, but COVID-19 is not yet confirmed, consider dose reduction or temporarily cessation for 1-2\u00a0weeks. In otherwise well patients, immunomodulators and biologics should be continued. In all patients, and their immediate close contacts, the importance of preventative measures to minimise human-to-human transmission cannot be overemphasised."}, {"pmid": 32360677, "pmcid": "PMC7194690", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on vascular training.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Mousa, Albeir Y", "Broce, Mike"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360677", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255735, "title": "Role and Management of a Head and Neck Department during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Saibene, Alberto Maria", "Allevi, Fabiana", "Biglioli, Federico", "Felisati, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255735", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent Italian outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 led to an unprecedented burden on our health care system. Despite head and neck-otolaryngology not being a front-line specialty in dealing with this disease, our department had to face several specific issues. Despite a massive reallocation of resources in the hospital, we managed to keep the service active, improving safety measures for our personnel, specifically during common otolaryngologic maneuvers known to produce aerosols. Furthermore, we strived to maintain our teaching role, giving residents an inclusive role in managing the response to the emergency state, and we progressively integrated our inactive specialists into other service rotations to relieve front-line colleagues' burden. Specific issues and management decisions are discussed in detail in the article."}, {"pmid": 32464641, "title": "Does epicardial fat contribute to COVID-19 myocardial inflammation?", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Malavazos, Alexis Elias", "Goldberger, Jeffrey J", "Iacobellis, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464641", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425474, "pmcid": "PMC7233242", "title": "Geriatric mental health and COVID-19: An eye-opener to the situation of the Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa Region.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Hayek, Samer El", "Cheaito, Mohamad Ali", "Nofal, Marwa", "Abdelrahman, Doaa", "Adra, Ali", "Shamli, Siham Al", "AlHarthi, Mansour", "AlNuaimi, Nawaf", "Aroui, Chaimaa", "Bensid, Lynda", "Emberish, Alkhansa Mahdi", "Larnaout, Amine", "Radwan, Ahmed", "Slaih, Mohammad", "Sinawi, Hamed Al"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425474", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the detrimental ramifications of the COVID-19 outbreak on the mental wellbeing of the general public continue to unravel, older adults seem to be at high risk. As the geriatric population continues to grow in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, it is essential to explore the influence of this outbreak on geriatric mental health, a topic often neglected. In this review, we depict the status of geriatric psychiatry in the Arab countries of the MENA region, exploring the variations from one nation to another. While some have a null exposure to the field, resources and expertise in other countries range from very limited to extensive. Furthermore, we highlight the measures implemented in the Arab region to address mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak; these tend to be insufficient when targeting the geriatric population. Finally, we provide short- and long-term recommendations to stakeholders that aim at enhancing the mental healthcare of older adults in the Arab countries of the MENA region, particularly during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32387494, "pmcid": "PMC7201226", "title": "Striving to protect patients and healthcare professionals in endoscopy units during pandemics: from SARS to COVID-19.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Lui, Rashid N", "Tang, Raymond Sy", "Chiu, Philip Wy"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387494", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268125, "pmcid": "PMC7138379", "title": "Keeping the Wheels of the Scientific Endeavor Turning during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Cell Syst", "authors": ["Justman, Quincey"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268125", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468632, "title": "Olfactory dysfunction in recovered COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Li, Jingwen", "Long, Xi", "Zhu, Chunli", "Wang, Hengmin", "Wang, Tao", "Lin, Zhicheng", "Li, Jinghong", "Xiong, Nian"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468632", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527378, "title": "Estimated Use of Intensive Care Beds Due to COVID-19 in Germany Over Time.", "journal": "Dtsch Arztebl Int", "authors": ["Stang, Andreas", "Stang, Maximilian", "Jockel, Karl-Heinz"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527378", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is concern in Germany that the capacity of intensive care unit (ICU) beds may not be sufficient for the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim was to determine the maximum daily number of COVID-19 cases requiring intensive care from 11 April through 30 June 2020. We assumed three non-exponential scenarios for the development of the cumulative case numbers up to 30 June 2020 (linear, slow quadratic, and fast quadratic). We assumed that 3-10% of of patients would require intensive care, that 8 days would elapse from a positive test to the need for intensive care, and that intensive care would be necessary for 14 or 20 days. Extrapolation of the maximum registered daily COVID-19 cases reveals a range of 4133 to 12 233 cases. Assuming that 3-10% of newly detected COVID-19 cases become intensive care patients and the average length of ICU stay is between 14 and 20 days, we arrive at a maximum daily number of ICU cases between 1989 (linear extrapolation, 3% ICU, 14 days in ICU) and 20 966 (fast quadratic extrapolation, 10% ICU, 20 days in ICU). Our results give no rise for concern that triage of COVID-19 patients may become necessary in Germany. However, the occupancy of ICU beds should be managed centrally to ensure optimal use of bed capacity. If, contrary to expectations, an exponential increase in case numbers should occur after all, our results will become invalid."}, {"pmid": 32293709, "pmcid": "PMC7262314", "title": "Could HIV infection alter the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection? When less is better.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Mascolo, Silvia", "Romanelli, Antonio", "Carleo, Maria Aurora", "Esposito, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293709", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the first case of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in the literature. With this letter, we proposed a hypothesis that could explain the interaction between HIV infection and the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32430442, "title": "Skin-to-Skin Care and COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Boscia, Carolyn"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487489, "pmcid": "PMC7261225", "title": "Critical Reflections on COVID-19 Communication Efforts Targeting Adolescents and Young Adults.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Abbott, Anne", "Askelson, Natoshia", "Scherer, Aaron M", "Afifi, Rima A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487489", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345478, "pmcid": "PMC7129813", "title": "Is schizophrenia research relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Cowan, Henry R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345478", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Schizophrenia researchers may ask themselves-or be asked by others-whether their research is relevant in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. This letter argues that schizophrenia research is more relevant than ever during this public health crisis, because of the likelihood that the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to increased incidence of psychotic disorders."}, {"pmid": 32360326, "title": "Prevalence and fatality rates of COVID-19: What are the reasons for the wide variations worldwide?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A", "Leonardi, Roberto", "Fasoli, Gino", "Rigamonti, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360326", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295769, "pmcid": "PMC7199912", "title": "Radiation therapy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic in Italy: a view of the nation's young oncologists.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Meattini, Icro", "Franco, Pierfrancesco", "Belgioia, Liliana", "Boldrini, Luca", "Botticella, Angela", "De Santis, Maria Carmen", "Marvaso, Giulia", "Montesi, Giampaolo", "Parisi, Silvana", "Triggiani, Luca", "Lambertini, Matteo", "Livi, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295769", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400303, "title": "Medically Vulnerable Clinicians and Unnecessary Risk During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Janvier, Annie", "Lantos, John D"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530790, "title": "Ellen Grass Lecture: Wellness for Allied Healthcare Professionals in the Age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurodiagn J", "authors": ["Hall, Ara S"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530790", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295787, "title": "SLE, hydroxychloroquine and no SLE patients with COVID-19: a comment.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295787", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298018, "pmcid": "PMC7262175", "title": "Head and neck virtual medicine in a pandemic era: Lessons from COVID-19.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Prasad, Aman", "Carey, Ryan M", "Rajasekaran, Karthik"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298018", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has presented the world and physicians with a unique public health challenge. In light of its high transmissibility and large burden on the health care system, many hospitals and practices have opted to cancel elective surgeries in order to mobilize resources, ration personal protective equipment and guard patients from the virus. Head and neck cancer physicians are particularly affected by these changes given their scope of practice, complex patient population, and interventional focus. In this viewpoint, we discuss some of the many challenges faced by head and neck surgeons in this climate. Additionally, we outline the utility of telemedicine as a potential strategy for allowing physicians to maintain an effective continuum of care."}, {"pmid": 32265180, "pmcid": "PMC7138183", "title": "Genotype and phenotype of COVID-19: Their roles in pathogenesis.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Mousavizadeh, Leila", "Ghasemi, Sorayya"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265180", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus with an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China, and then pandemic. Based on its phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures the COVID-19 belongs to genera Betacoronavirus. Human Betacoronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV) have many similarities, but also have differences in their genomic and phenotypic structure that can influence their pathogenesis. COVID-19 is containing single-stranded (positive-sense) RNA associated with a nucleoprotein within a capsid comprised of matrix protein. A typical CoV contains at least six ORFs in its genome. All the structural and accessory proteins are translated from the sgRNAs of CoVs. Four main structural proteins are encoded by ORFs 10, 11 on the one-third of the genome near the 3'-terminus. The genetic and phenotypic structure of COVID-19 in pathogenesis is important. This article highlights the most important of these features compared to other Betacoronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32239213, "pmcid": "PMC7184450", "title": "Critical health literacy and the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Health Promot Int", "authors": ["Abel, Thomas", "McQueen, David"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239213", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328297, "pmcid": "PMC7171815", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: A New Chapter in the History of Infectious Diseases.", "journal": "Oman Med J", "authors": ["Balkhair, Abdullah A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328297", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468219, "title": "Excess mortality from COVID-19: a commentary on the Italian experience.", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Pasquariello, Paolo", "Stranges, Saverio"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468219", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428783, "pmcid": "PMC7214316", "title": "COVID-19 and individuals with mental illness in psychiatric facilities.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Sonia", "Rana, Waleed"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428783", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350003, "title": "Covid-19: balancing personal risk and professional duty.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Harkin, Denis W"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350003", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32093043, "pmcid": "PMC7073711", "title": "Risk Assessment of Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Outbreaks Outside China.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Boldog, Peter", "Tekeli, Tamas", "Vizi, Zsolt", "Denes, Attila", "Bartha, Ferenc A", "Rost, Gergely"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32093043", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We developed a computational tool to assess the risks of novel coronavirus outbreaks outside of China. We estimate the dependence of the risk of a major outbreak in a country from imported cases on key parameters such as: (i) the evolution of the cumulative number of cases in mainland China outside the closed areas; (ii) the connectivity of the destination country with China, including baseline travel frequencies, the effect of travel restrictions, and the efficacy of entry screening at destination; and (iii) the efficacy of control measures in the destination country (expressed by the local reproduction number R loc ). We found that in countries with low connectivity to China but with relatively high R loc , the most beneficial control measure to reduce the risk of outbreaks is a further reduction in their importation number either by entry screening or travel restrictions. Countries with high connectivity but low R loc benefit the most from policies that further reduce R loc . Countries in the middle should consider a combination of such policies. Risk assessments were illustrated for selected groups of countries from America, Asia, and Europe. We investigated how their risks depend on those parameters, and how the risk is increasing in time as the number of cases in China is growing."}, {"pmid": 32389592, "pmcid": "PMC7151453", "title": "Practical Steps to Improve Air Flow in Long-Term Care Resident Rooms to Reduce COVID-19 Infection Risk.", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Lynch, Richard M", "Goring, Reginald"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389592", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The potential for spread of COVID-19 infections in skilled nursing facilities and other long-term care sites poses new challenges for nursing home administrators to protect patients and staff. It is anticipated that as acute care hospitals reach capacity, nursing homes may retain COVID-19 infected residents longer prior to transferring to an acute care hospital. This article outlines 5 pragmatic steps that long-term care facilities can take to manage airflow within resident rooms to reduce the potential for spread of infectious airborne droplets into surrounding areas, including hallways and adjacent rooms, using strategies adapted from negative-pressure isolation rooms in acute care facilities."}, {"pmid": 32226291, "pmcid": "PMC7098037", "title": "Progression of Mental Health Services during the COVID-19 Outbreak in China.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Li, Wen", "Yang, Yuan", "Liu, Zi-Han", "Zhao, Yan-Jie", "Zhang, Qinge", "Zhang, Ling", "Cheung, Teris", "Xiang, Yu-Tao"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226291", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been rapidly transmitted in China, Macau, Hong Kong, and other Asian and European counterparts. This COVID-19 epidemic has aroused increasing attention nationwide. Patients, health professionals, and the general public are under insurmountable psychological pressure which may lead to various psychological problems, such as anxiety, fear, depression, and insomnia. Psychological crisis intervention plays a pivotal role in the overall deployment of the disease control. The National Health Commission of China has summoned a call for emergency psychological crisis intervention and thus, various mental health associations and organizations have established expert teams to compile guidelines and public health educational articles/videos for mental health professionals and the general public alongside with online mental health services. In addition, mental health professionals and expert groups are stationed in designated isolation hospitals to provide on-site services. Experts have reached a consensus on the admission of patients with severe mental illness during the COVID-19 outbreak in mental health institutions. Nevertheless, the rapid transmission of the COVID-19 has emerged to mount a serious challenge to the mental health service in China."}, {"pmid": 32525374, "title": "Living under the shadow of a pandemic: The psychological challenges underlying social distancing and awareness raising.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Zaidi, Aelia", "Ali, Amena Zehra"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525374", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The efforts of containing the novel virus (COVID-19) have now begun to show signs of psychological impact on societies across the globe. Social distancing and awareness campaigns can be double-edged sword, if handled inadequately. Herein, authors have shed light on the favorable and unfavorable aspects of living under lockdown. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32417316, "pmcid": "PMC7228739", "title": "Dyspnea rather than fever is a risk factor for predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Shi, Li", "Wang, Ying", "Wang, Yadong", "Duan, Guangcai", "Yang, Haiyan"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417316", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205822, "pmcid": "PMC7180130", "title": "Deep Learning Localization of Pneumonia: 2019 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Hurt, Brian", "Kligerman, Seth", "Hsiao, Albert"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205822", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400087, "pmcid": "PMC7272824", "title": "Use of SARS-CoV-2 infected deceased organ donors: Should we always \"just say no?\"", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Kates, Olivia S", "Fisher, Cynthia E", "Rakita, Robert M", "Reyes, Jorge D", "Limaye, Ajit P"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400087", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of a rapidly evolving pandemic, multiple organizations have released guidelines stating that all organs from potential deceased donors with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection should be deferred, including from otherwise medically eligible donors found to have mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 discovered on routine donor screening. In this article, we critically examine the available data on the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through organ transplantation. The isolation of SARS-CoV-2 from nonlung clinical specimens, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in autopsy specimens, previous experience with the related coronaviruses SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and the vast experience with other common RNA respiratory viruses are all addressed. Taken together, these data provide little evidence to suggest the presence of intact transmissible SARS-CoV in organs that can potentially be transplanted, specifically liver and heart. Other considerations including ethical, financial, societal, and logistical concerns are also addressed. We conclude that, for selected patients with high waitlist mortality, transplant programs should consider accepting heart or liver transplants from deceased donors with SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32427194, "pmcid": "PMC7232931", "title": "COVID-19 places Iran's nomadic pastoralists at a crossroads.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Rahmanian, Maryam", "Naghizadeh, Nahid"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427194", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268900, "pmcid": "PMC7141929", "title": "Medical education during pandemics: a UK perspective.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Mian, Areeb", "Khan, Shujhat"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268900", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412361, "title": "Service Needs of Older Adults with Serious Mental Illness.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Dell, Nathaniel A", "Sasaki, Natsuki", "Stewart, Madeline", "Murphy, Allison M", "Klier, Marina"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412361", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic places older adults with serious mental illness with medical comorbidity at greater risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes. Social workers can play an important role in promoting well-being by working collaboratively with clients to address loneliness and to develop chronic disease self-management skills. Integration of physical and behavioral healthcare is even more essential now for promoting well-being among older adults with schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar, and major depressive disorders."}, {"pmid": 32311380, "pmcid": "PMC7165117", "title": "Reducing antibiotic prescribing and addressing the global problem of antibiotic resistance by targeted hygiene in the home and everyday life settings: A position paper.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Maillard, Jean-Yves", "Bloomfield, Sally F", "Courvalin, Patrice", "Essack, Sabiha Y", "Gandra, Sumanth", "Gerba, Charles P", "Rubino, Joseph R", "Scott, Elizabeth A"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311380", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to threaten global health. Although global and national AMR action plans are in place, infection prevention and control is primarily discussed in the context of health care facilities with home and everyday life settings barely addressed. As seen with the recent global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, everyday hygiene measures can play an important role in containing the threat from infectious microorganisms. This position paper has been developed following a meeting of global experts in London, 2019. It presents evidence that home and community settings are important for infection transmission and also the acquisition and spread of AMR. It also demonstrates that the targeted hygiene approach offers a framework for maximizing protection against colonization and infections, thereby reducing antibiotic prescribing and minimizing selection pressure for the development of antibiotic resistance. If combined with the provision of clean water and sanitation, targeted hygiene can reduce the circulation of resistant bacteria in homes and communities, regardless of a country's Human Development Index (overall social and economic development). Achieving a reduction of AMR strains in health care settings requires a mirrored reduction in the community. The authors call upon national and international policy makers, health agencies, and health care professionals to further recognize the importance of targeted hygiene in the home and everyday life settings for preventing and controlling infection, in a unified quest to tackle AMR."}, {"pmid": 32439817, "title": "Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) in a SARS-CoV-2 Positive Pediatric Patient.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["See Tsao, Hoi", "M Chason, Hannah", "M Fearon, Deirdre"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439817", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456560, "title": "Advanced Digital Health Technologies for COVID-19 and Future Emergencies.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Scott, Benjamin K", "Miller, Geoffrey T", "Fonda, Stephanie J", "Yeaw, Ronald E", "Gaudaen, James C", "Pavliscsak, Holly H", "Quinn, Matthew T", "Pamplin, Jeremy C"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456560", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    \n                        Background:\n                    \n                    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a national health care emergency in the United States and exposed resource shortages, particularly of health care providers trained to provide critical or intensive care. This article describes how digital health technologies are being or could be used for COVID-19 mitigation. It then proposes the National Emergency Tele-Critical Care Network (NETCCN), which would combine digital health technologies to address this and future crises.\n                    \n                        Methods:\n                    \n                    Subject matter experts from the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center examined the peer-reviewed literature and science/technology news to see what digital health technologies have already been or could be implemented to (1) support patients while limiting COVID-19 transmission, (2) increase health care providers' capability and capacity, and (3) predict/prevent future outbreaks.\n                    \n                        Results:\n                    \n                    Major technologies identified included telemedicine and mobile care (for COVID-19 as well as routine care), tiered telementoring, telecritical care, robotics, and artificial intelligence for monitoring. Several of these could be assimilated to form an interoperable scalable NETCCN. NETCCN would assist health care providers, wherever they are located, by obtaining real-time patient and supplies data and disseminating critical care expertise. NETCCN capabilities should be maintained between disasters and regularly tested to ensure continual readiness.\n                    \n                        Conclusions:\n                    \n                    COVID-19 has demonstrated the impact of a large-scale health emergency on the existing infrastructures. Short term, an approach to meeting this challenge is to adopt existing digital health technologies. Long term, developing a NETCCN may ensure that the necessary ecosystem is available to respond to future emergencies.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32467591, "pmcid": "PMC7254971", "title": "Endovascular stroke treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Rev Neurol", "authors": ["Ospel, Johanna M", "Goyal, Mayank"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467591", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437016, "title": "Obesity predisposes to the risk of higher mortality in young COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Fengqin", "Xiong, Ying", "Wei, Yanqiu", "Hu, Yi", "Wang, Feng", "Li, Gang", "Liu, Kui", "Du, Ronghui", "Wang, Cong-Yi", "Zhu, Wenzhen"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437016", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although emerging data demonstrated mortality of young COVID-19 patients, but no data reported the risk factors of mortality for those young patients, and whether obesity is a risk for young COVID-19 patients remains unknown. We conducted a retrospective study including 13 young patients died of COVID-19 and 40 matched survivors. Logistic regression was employed to characterize the risk factors of mortality in young obese COVID-19 patients. Most of the young deceased COVID-19 patients were mild cases at the time of admission, but the disease progressed rapidly featured by the higher severity of Patchy shadows (100.00% vs. 48.70%, P = 0.006), pleural thickening (61.50% vs. 12.80%, P = 0.012), mild pericardial effusion (76.90% vs. 0.00%, P < 0.001). Most importantly, the deceased patients manifested higher BMI (OR = 1.354, 95% CI = 1.075-1.704, P = 0.010), inflammatory-related index CRP (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.003-1.025, P = 0.014), cardiac injury biomarker hs-cTnI (OR = 1.420, 95% CI = 1.112-1.814, P = 0.005), and increased coagulation activity biomarker D-Dimer (OR = 418.7, P = 0.047), as compared to that of survivors. Our data support that obesity could be a risk factor associated with high mortality in young COVID-19 patients, while aggravated inflammatory response, enhanced cardiac injury and increased coagulation activity are likely to be the mechanisms contributing to the high mortality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32273247, "pmcid": "PMC7129338", "title": "Challenges with the management of older patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Geriatr Oncol", "authors": ["Falandry, Claire", "Filteau, Cynthia", "Ravot, Christine", "Le Saux, Olivia"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273247", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348943, "pmcid": "PMC7194795", "title": "Could India be the origin of next COVID-19 like epidemic?", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Minhas, Sachin"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348943", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic is not even over yet but it has already taught us a lot of lessons - the hard way. The vast majority of the global community has blamed the Chinese Illegal wildlife markets for the origin of this pandemic. Through careful scientific analysis, I have explained in this article that we don't need such wildlife markets for these kinds of outbreaks to occur in the future. I have also explained how India which is the second-most populous country in the world, could be the origin of the next outbreak, even though such wildlife markets are either very rare or do not exist at all in India."}, {"pmid": 32429769, "title": "Evidence of a Rapid Shift in Outpatient Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Telemedicine.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Punia, Vineet", "Nasr, Gaelle", "Zagorski, Victoria", "Lawrence, George", "Fesler, Jessica", "Nair, Dileep", "Najm, Imad"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429769", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    \n                        Introduction:\n                    \n                    During the current pandemic, measures for preventing SARS-CoV-2 virus exposure has severely impacted the delivery of outpatient clinical care to patients with a chronic neurological condition. Telemedicine has emerged as an obvious choice to counter these impediments. However, its potential for maintaining outpatient care at pre-pandemic levels during these rapidly changing times is untested. Therefore, we analyzed our experience in a tertiary care epilepsy center.\n                    \n                        Methods:\n                    \n                    We divided the study period from March 1, 2020 to April 15, 2020 into a baseline, transition (to telemedicine), and current phase. We divided outpatient encounters into clinic, virtual (using Cleveland Clinic Express Care Online platform), and telephone (including commercial video conferencing platforms).\n                    \n                        Results:\n                    \n                    Completed outpatient visits during baseline and current period were 595 and 590, respectively. Nearly 1 out of 4 patients missed outpatient visits during the transition period. The virtual visits accounted for 19.7% of completed visits during baseline and increased to 66.8% during the current period. There were no telephone visits during the baseline phase but accounted for 26.1% of completed visits during the current phase. Less than 1 percent of completed visits in the current phase were in the clinic.\n                    \n                        Conclusion:\n                    \n                    We provide evidence that telemedicine's robust and rapid scalability can help maintain a seamless transition of outpatient care during the pandemic.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32458703, "pmcid": "PMC7255427", "title": "Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation dilemma during the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Samaha, Ramy", "Kattan, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458703", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325475, "title": "The post-lockdown period should be used to acquire effective therapies for future resurgence in SARS-Cov-2 infections.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Krause, Kurt L", "Furneaux, Richard", "Benjes, Paul", "Brimble, Margaret", "Davidson, Tony", "Denny, William", "Harris, Lawrence", "Hinkley, Simon", "Tyler, Peter", "Ussher, James E", "Ward, Vernon"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325475", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 will be with us through the remainder of 2020 and almost certainly beyond. New Zealand needs a viable strategy to protect its populace until a vaccine is developed and in wide use. Until that time, it makes sense to protect the population by putting in place treatments that will be safe and effective, such as the use of convalescent sera and the use of direct-acting anti-virals. These treatments should be sourced externally or made locally, but steps in this direction must now begin as the lockdown ends. New Zealand has the scientists, the facilities and the will to make this happen, but the support of the government and the population will be needed if this plan is to succeed."}, {"pmid": 32412693, "pmcid": "PMC7272798", "title": "Personalized Risk-Benefit Ratio Adaptation of Breast Cancer Care at the Epicenter of COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Viale, Giulia", "Licata, Luca", "Sica, Lorenzo", "Zambelli, Stefania", "Zucchinelli, Patrizia", "Rognone, Alessia", "Aldrighetti, Daniela", "Di Micco, Rosa", "Zuber, Veronica", "Pasetti, Marcella", "Di Muzio, Nadia", "Rodighiero, Mariagrazia", "Panizza, Pietro", "Sassi, Isabella", "Petrella, Giovanna", "Cascinu, Stefano", "Gentilini, Oreste Davide", "Bianchini, Giampaolo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412693", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Northern Italy has been one of the European regions reporting the highest number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. The pandemic spread has challenged the National Health System, requiring reallocation of most of the available health care resources to treat COVID-19-positive patients, generating a competition with other health care needs, including cancer. Patients with cancer are at higher risk of developing critical illness after COVID-19 infection. Thus, mitigation strategies should be adopted to reduce the likelihood of infection in all patients with cancer. At the same time, suboptimal care and treatments may result in worse cancer-related outcome. In this article, we attempt to estimate the individual risk-benefit balance to define personalized strategies for optimal breast cancer management, avoiding as much as possible a general untailored approach. We discuss and report the strategies our Breast Unit adopted from the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak to ensure the continuum of the best possible cancer care for our patients while mitigating the risk of infection, despite limited health care resources. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Managing patients with breast cancer during the COVID-19 outbreak is challenging. The present work highlights the need to estimate the individual patient risk of infection, which depends on both epidemiological considerations and individual clinical characteristics. The management of patients with breast cancer should be adapted and personalized according to the balance between COVID-19-related risk and the expected benefit of treatments. This work also provides useful suggestions on the modality of patient triage, the conduct of clinical trials, the management of an oncologic team, and the approach to patients' and health workers' psychological distress."}, {"pmid": 32447846, "title": "[Feasibility analysis on acupuncture therapy for the treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 and the exploration on the application scheme].", "journal": "Zhen Ci Yan Jiu", "authors": ["Wang, Rui-Qing", "Liu, Jing-Xuan", "Zhang, Zi-di", "Wen, Jing", "Han, Peng", "Wu, Hui-Hui", "Jia, Ye-Juan", "Jia, Chun-Sheng", "Pan, Li-Jia"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447846", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The situation of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still severe at present. In order to better fight against the epidemic and give full play to the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine, we explored the feasibility of acupuncture therapy in the intervention of COVID-19 through analyzing the relevant literature in both ancient and modern time. Additionally, we analyzed the intervention scheme of acupuncture for COVID-19 developed by China Association of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and supplemented the protocol of the intervention with auricular acupuncture. It was proposed that the advantages of acupuncture and moxibustion should be fully displayed while Chinese herbal medications have been applied in the treatment of COVID-19. During treatment, acupuncture physicians should be rationally allocated to a certain proportion so as to adequately utilize comprehensive therapeutic approaches and guarantee people's safety to the greatest extent. Eventually, the clinical therapeutic effect may be improved, the national resources be economized on and the COVID-19 epidemic be conquered early."}, {"pmid": 32514763, "title": "Ovarian vein thrombosis after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection in a pregnant woman: case report.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Mohammadi, Susan", "Abouzaripour, Morteza", "Hesam Shariati, Nastaran", "Hesam Shariati, Mohammad Bakhtiar"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514763", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus outbreak started in December 2019, and the disease has been defined by the World Health Organization as a public health emergency. Coronavirus is a source of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) due to complications such as over-coagulation, blood stasis, and endothelial damage. In this study, we report a 26-year-old pregnant woman with coronavirus who was hospitalized with a right ovarian vein thrombosis at Besat Hospital in Sanandaj. Risk classification for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) disease is of crucial importance for the forecast of coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32393442, "title": "The Covid-19 panic and the global North-South divide - A perspective.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Krishna, Sushma"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "J Krishnamurti, a renowned philosopher, describes fear as the transition from the convictions of the Known to the flux of the Unknown1. The weakening of the interspecies transmission barrier between the animal and human interface has strengthened this fear. Consequently, our impulsive selves have taken precedence over our reflective voices."}, {"pmid": 32362588, "title": "High-resolution computed tomography in a patient with COVID-19 with non-diagnostic serial radiographs.", "journal": "Hong Kong Med J", "authors": ["Kwok, H M", "Wong, S C", "Ng, T F", "Yung, K S", "Luk, W H", "Ma, K F", "Chik, T S H"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362588", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513515, "title": "Amid COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges with access to care for COPD patients.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Elbeddini, Ali", "Tayefehchamani, Yasamin"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513515", "countries": ["China", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammation in the lungs that causes obstruction in the airway, poor airflow, and irreversible loss of lung function. In clinical practice, comprehensive care for COPD patients includes the diagnosis using spirometry, clinical examination and comprehensive pharmacological and non-pharmacological management. The diagnosis is based on symptoms, dyspnea and lung function impairment and can be mild to very severe. Symptoms are examined using the COPD assessment test (CAT) score, and dyspnea grade are examined using a modified MRC from GOLD guidelines. When mild, the care includes self-management education, smoking cessation, lifestyle modifications, vaccination, and short-acting bronchodilators. Self-management education involves inhaler device training, breathing technique, early recognition of acute exacerbations and writing action plans. As the disease progresses, other care measures are added. These measures include the addition of long-acting inhaler therapies, pulmonary rehabilitation, oral therapies, oxygen and lung transplantation. During the final stages of COPD, patients receive end-of-life care (Bourbeau et al., 2019).1 The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is spread through respiratory droplets. This infectious disease has led to a pandemic and is affecting the lives of many around the world, including Canadians. During this pandemic, the non-essential health services, including caring for patients with COPD, have been put on hold to reduce the risk of spread. Other implications of this pandemic for COPD patients include the health risk in case of infection. A meta-analysis including studies from January to March 2020 in Wuhan showed that pre-existing COPD worsens the risk of COVID-19 progression and leads to poorer prognostics. The sub-group analysis showed a significantly higher risk of ICU requirements and death in COPD patients who are infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Studies suggest strong efforts to mitigate the risk of infection in this population (Zhao et al., May 2020).2 This makes caring for this population even more critical during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32527344, "title": "[Clinical study of artesunate in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Lin, Yanrong", "Wu, Fengyao", "Xie, Zhouhua", "Song, Xiaoling", "Zhu, Qingdong", "Wei, Jing", "Tan, Shiji", "Liang, Lianshao", "Gong, Beibei"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527344", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss the effective of artesunate in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Using prospective method, the 43 cases of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Nanning Fourth People's Hospital from January 22nd to February 15th in 2020 were enrolled and divided into routine treatment group (n = 25) and artesunate treatment group (n = 18) by odd-even rule after admission. According to the guidelines, the routine treatment group was recommended to receive lopinavir/ritonavir 500 mg + \u03b1-aerosolized interferon 500\u00d7104 U, twice daily; the artesunate treatment group was given artesunate 60 mg, twice daily besides the routine treatment, for 10 days in both groups. During the treatment period, the pharynx swab test of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid was carried out every 2 days, and the routine blood test, liver and kidney functions, blood coagulation function and myocardial enzymes were re-examined. Chest CT was checked every 3 days after the treatment, and re-examined every 5 days after the condition was improved. The routine blood test and biochemical results of two groups were observed, and the efficacy evaluation was performed by monitoring the time for significant improvement of symptoms, negative conversion time of throat swab virus nucleic acid, lung lesion absorption time, adverse drug reactions and the length of hospital stay of the two groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, body weight, routine blood test and biochemical results before treatment. In artesunate treatment group, the time for significant improvement of symptoms (days: 3.33\u00b11.91 vs. 4.84\u00b12.19), negative conversion time of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid (days: 4.72\u00b12.16 vs. 6.68\u00b13.76), lung lesion absorption starting time (days: 5.39\u00b12.36 vs. 7.48\u00b13.78), lung lesion absorption greater than 70% time (days: 14.11\u00b14.16 vs. 17.04\u00b14.42) and the length of hospital stay (days: 16.56\u00b13.71 vs. 18.04\u00b13.97) were significantly shorter than those in routine treatment group, with significant differences (all P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in two groups had no significant difference (72.2% vs. 80.0%, P > 0.05). Artesunate can shorten the treatment time of COVID-19, improve prognosis and eliminate pathogens, with fewer adverse reactions and a good application prospect."}, {"pmid": 32378132, "pmcid": "PMC7201109", "title": "COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Infection) and Children: Pediatric Neurologist's Perspective.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Panda, Prateek Kumar", "Sharawat, Indar Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378132", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526560, "title": "A three-generation family cluster with COVID-19 infection: should quarantine be prolonged?", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Yang, M-C", "Hung, P-P", "Wu, Y-K", "Peng, M-Y", "Chao, Y-C", "Su, W-L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526560", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Families are a transmission route for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of the close contact. Monitoring of the viral load will be a valuable method to reduce the optimal number of quarantine days, especially in presymptomatic and symptomatic carriers of their households. The traditional three-generation families living together are seen frequently in East Asia, including in Taiwan. We report on a family cluster with six individuals infected with coronavirus disease in Taiwan. The current public policy in Taiwan is quarantine for at least 14 days, based on the incubation period, or until the patient has tested negative three days in a row using the SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Details on the onset date of clinical symptoms, throat swab conversion, and course of disease were collected from medical records retrospectively. In the household of this three-generation Taiwanese family, the infection rate was 60%. The ratio of males to females was 4:2, and the age range was 11-85 years. The prevalence of asymptomatic disease was 33.3% (2/6). The longest throat swab conversion time was 37 days, and the estimated course of disease from symptoms to first conversion of throat swab was 59 days. Large families, including three-generation families in a single dwelling, should be monitored when the index case is found. Presymptomatic and symptomatic family members could be quarantined for an appropriate duration which, in our experience, is 2 months."}, {"pmid": 32469164, "title": "Clinical recommendations on lung cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Thorac Cancer", "authors": ["Xu, Yan", "Liu, Hongsheng", "Hu, Ke", "Wang, Mengzhao"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469164", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading worldwide, and has been declared as an international public health concern. Patients with lung cancer are highly susceptible to infection compared to healthy individuals because of systemic immunosuppression induced by malignancy and anticancer therapy. Furthermore, patients with cancer demonstrate poorer outcomes following infection. Hence, patients with lung cancer should be considered a priority group for COVID-19 prevention. Furthermore, the routine treatment of patients with cancer has been affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, and patients may not have been able to undergo timely and effective antitumor treatment, thereby indicating a poor prognosis. Here, we provide some suggestions for early identification of COVID-19 and differential diagnosis in patients with lung cancer who have fever and respiratory symptoms. Our medical team also provide clinical recommendations on lung cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic, for carrying out meticulous and individualized clinical management of lung cancer patients and maximum protection to effectively prevent COVID-19. KEY POINTS: Significant findings of the study This article provides suggestions for early identification of COVID-19 and differential diagnosis in patients with lung cancer with fever and respiratory symptoms. What this study adds This article makes clinical recommendations on lung cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32283116, "pmcid": "PMC7195282", "title": "Collateral consequences of COVID-19 epidemic in Greater Paris.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Lapostolle, F", "Agostinucci, J M", "Alheritiere, A", "Petrovic, T", "Adnet, F"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283116", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525856, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Department Visits - United States, January 1, 2019-May 30, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Hartnett, Kathleen P", "Kite-Powell, Aaron", "DeVies, Jourdan", "Coletta, Michael A", "Boehmer, Tegan K", "Adjemian, Jennifer", "Gundlapalli, Adi V"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525856", "countries": ["United States", "Austria", "China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As the number of persons hospitalized with COVID-19 increased, early reports from Austria (1), Hong Kong (2), Italy (3), and California (4) suggested sharp drops in the numbers of persons seeking emergency medical care for other reasons. To quantify the effect of COVID-19 on U.S. emergency department (ED) visits, CDC compared the volume of ED visits during four weeks early in the pandemic March 29-April 25, 2020 (weeks 14 to 17; the early pandemic period) to that during March 31-April 27, 2019 (the comparison period). During the early pandemic period, the total number of U.S. ED visits was 42% lower than during the same period a year earlier, with the largest declines in visits in persons aged \u226414 years, females, and the Northeast region. Health messages that reinforce the importance of immediately seeking care for symptoms of serious conditions, such as myocardial infarction, are needed. To minimize SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, transmission risk and address public concerns about visiting the ED during the pandemic, CDC recommends continued use of virtual visits and triage help lines and adherence to CDC infection control guidance."}, {"pmid": 32381148, "pmcid": "PMC7231667", "title": "Chaos theory applied to the outbreak of COVID-19: an ancillary approach to decision making in pandemic context.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Mangiarotti, S", "Peyre, M", "Zhang, Y", "Huc, M", "Roger, F", "Kerr, Y"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381148", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Japan", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While predicting the course of an epidemic is difficult, predicting the course of a pandemic from an emerging virus is even more so. The validity of most predictive models relies on numerous parameters, involving biological and social characteristics often unknown or highly uncertain. Data of the COVID-19 epidemics in China, Japan, South Korea and Italy were used to build up deterministic models without strong assumptions. These models were then applied to other countries to identify the closest scenarios in order to foresee their coming behaviour. The models enabled to predict situations that were confirmed little by little, proving that these tools can be efficient and useful for decision making in a quickly evolving operational context."}, {"pmid": 32407797, "pmcid": "PMC7214309", "title": "Today's actions shape tomorrow's world: is the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) eroding our privacy?", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Abbas, Abdul-Rahman", "Alsafi, Zaid", "Rahman, Adil", "Syed, Sabeeh"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407797", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519894, "title": "Heparin as a Therapy for COVID-19: Current Evidence and Future Possibilities.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Hippensteel, Joseph Alan", "LaRiviere, Wells B", "Colbert, James F", "Langouet-Astrie, Christophe J", "Schmidt, Eric P"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519894", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the clinical syndrome associated with infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has impacted nearly every country in the world. Despite an unprecedented focus of scientific investigation, there is a paucity of evidence-based pharmacotherapies against this disease. Due to this lack of data-driven treatment strategies, broad variations in practice patterns have emerged. Observed hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients has created debate within the critical care community on the therapeutic utility of heparin. We seek to provide an overview of the data supporting the therapeutic use of heparin, both unfractionated and low molecular weight, as an anticoagulant for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, we review preclinical evidence establishing biological plausibility for heparin and synthetic heparin-like drugs as therapies for COVID-19 through anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, we discuss known adverse effects and theoretical off-target effects that may temper enthusiasm for the adoption of heparin as a therapy in COVID-19 without confirmatory prospective randomized controlled trials. Despite previous failures of anticoagulants in critical illness, plausibility of heparin for COVID-19 is sufficiently robust to justify urgent randomized controlled trials to determine the safety and effectiveness of this therapy."}, {"pmid": 32493070, "title": "Comparative impacts of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors versus angiotensin II receptor blockers on the risk of COVID-19 mortality.", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["Zhou, Feng", "Liu, Ye-Mao", "Xie, Jing", "Li, Haomiao", "Lei, Fang", "Yang, Huilin", "Qin, Juan-Juan", "Cai, Jingjing", "Zhang, Xiao-Jing", "Wu, Bin", "Xia, Meng", "Xiang, Da", "Yang, Chengzhang", "Ma, Xin-Liang", "Xu, Qingbo", "Lu, Zhigang", "Lu, Haofeng", "Xia, Xigang", "Wang, Daihong", "Liao, Xiaofeng", "Peng, Gang", "Yang, Jun", "Huang, Xiaodong", "Zhang, Bing-Hong", "Yuan, Yufeng", "Wei, Xiang", "Liu, Peter P", "Wang, Yibin", "Zhang, Peng", "She, Zhi-Gang", "Xia, Jiahong", "Li, Hongliang"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493070", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "N/A."}, {"pmid": 32302444, "pmcid": "PMC7264802", "title": "Skin Reactions to Non-glove Personal Protective Equipment: An Emerging Issue in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Gheisari, Mehdi", "Araghi, Farnaz", "Moravvej, Hamideh", "Tabary, Mohammadreza", "Dadkhahfar, Sahar"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302444", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Protecting healthcare workers (HCWs) is crucial during Corona Virus Disease 2019 pandemic and requires wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) [1]. While most of the studies have focused on the skin reactions caused by gloves, other PPE such as gowns, respirator masks, face shields and goggles are also worn by HCWs for long hours during the current epidemic and skin irritations caused by these equipment may cause discouragement of health workers from using them [2]. In this letter we have focused on the reaction caused by non-glove PPE."}, {"pmid": 32380026, "pmcid": "PMC7196893", "title": "Rapid Implementation of an Adult Coronavirus Disease 2019 Unit in a Children's Hospital.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Philips, Kaitlyn", "Uong, Audrey", "Buckenmyer, Tara", "Cabana, Michael D", "Hsu, Daphne", "Katyal, Chhavi", "O'Connor, Katherine", "Shiminski-Maher, Tania", "Hametz, Patricia"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380026", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the rapid implementation of an adult coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) unit using pediatric physician and nurse providers in a children's hospital and to examine the characteristics and outcomes of the first 100 adult patients admitted. We describe our approach to surge-in-place at a children's hospital to meet the local demands of the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead of redeploying pediatric providers to work with internist-led teams throughout a medical center, pediatric physicians and nurses organized and staffed a 40-bed adult COVID-19 treatment unit within a children's hospital. We adapted internal medicine protocols, developed screening criteria to select appropriate patients for admission, and reorganized staffing and equipment to accommodate adult patients with COVID-19. We used patient counts and descriptive statistics to report sociodemographic, system, and clinical outcomes. The median patient age was 46\u00a0years; 69% were male. On admission, 78 (78%) required oxygen supplementation. During hospitalization, 13 (13%) eventually were intubated. Of the first 100 patients, 14 are still admitted to a medical unit, 6 are in the intensive care unit, 74 have been discharged, 4 died after transfer to the intensive care unit, and 2 died on the unit. The median length of stay for discharged or deceased patients was 4\u00a0days (IQR 2, 7). Our pediatric team screened, admitted, and cared for hospitalized adults by leveraging the familiarity of our system, adaptability of our staff, and high-quality infrastructure. This experience may be informative for other healthcare systems that will be redeploying pediatric providers and nurses to address a regional COVID-19 surge elsewhere."}, {"pmid": 32198983, "title": "From SARS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2: The response and challenge of forensic infectious disease autopsy.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, H J"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198983", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344568, "pmcid": "PMC7215906", "title": "RT-qPCR Testing of SARS-CoV-2: A Primer.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Bustin, Stephen A", "Nolan, Tania"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344568", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Testing for the presence of coronavirus is an essential diagnostic tool for monitoring and managing the current COVID-19 pandemic. The only reliable test in current use for testing acute infection targets the genome of SARS-CoV-2, and the most widely used method is quantitative fluorescence-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Despite its ubiquity, there is a significant amount of uncertainty about how this test works, potential throughput and reliability. This has resulted in widespread misrepresentation of the problems faced using this test during the current COVID-19 epidemic. This primer provides simple, straightforward and impartial information about RT-qPCR."}, {"pmid": 32185921, "title": "[Challenges and countermeasures on Chinese malaria elimination programme during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak].", "journal": "Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhu, G D", "Cao, J"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185921", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the end of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been extensively epidemic in China, which not only seriously threatens the safety and health of Chinese people, but also challenges the management of other infectious diseases. Currently, there are still approximately three thousand malaria cases imported into China every year. If the diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases as well as the investigation and response of the epidemic foci are not carried out timely, it may endanger patients'lives and cause the possible of secondary transmission, which threatens the achievements of malaria elimination in China. Due to the extensive spread and high transmission ability of the COVID-19, there is a possibility of virus infections among malaria cases during the medical care-seeking behaviors and among healthcare professionals during clinical diagnosis and treatment, sample collection and testing and epidemiological surveys. This paper analyzes the challenges of the COVID-19 for Chinese malaria elimination programme, and proposes the countermeasures in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, so as to provide the reference for healthcare professionals."}, {"pmid": 32386882, "pmcid": "PMC7187849", "title": "How Has COVID-19 Affected Our Orthopedic Implant Industry Partners? Implications for the Surgeon-Industry Relationship in 2020 and Beyond.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Warth, Lucian C", "Noiseux, Nicolas O", "Duncan, Stephen T", "Daines, S Bradley", "Mahoney, Craig R"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching societal and financial consequences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how COVID-19 has affected AAHKS industry partners and the surgeon-industry relationship, emphasizing education, resource allocation, and strategic direction for the 2nd half of\u00a02020. AAHKS industry partners were contacted to participate in a blinded survey and optional interview with the AAHKS Industry Relations Committee. Based on the results, a group of AAHKS member surgeons with disparate practice types were asked to postulate on how the COVID-19 pandemic has and will affect their practice and relationship with Industry. AAHKS industry partner responses indicated decreased resource allocation for regional, \"other national,\" and AAHKS annual meetings (67%, 55%, and 30%, respectively). Web-based educational content was expected to increase in 2020 and will likely remain a point of emphasis in 2021 (100% and 70% of responders). For Q3/Q4 2020, a significant emphasis was placed on site of service/outpatient TJA and COVID-19-related safety measures (70% and 90% of responders), as well as increased availability of instrumentation and implants (40% and 60%, respectively). The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the orthopedic landscape for the foreseeable future. Survey responses by AAHKS industry partners demonstrate a continued commitment to surgeon education with and increasing shift to a web-based platform. Increased resource allocation for outpatient TJA and COVID-19-related safety measures were significant. Articulating optimal mechanisms to aid industry in supporting surgeons with different practice models to meet demand during the second half of fiscal year 2020 will be critical."}, {"pmid": 32501411, "pmcid": "PMC7249039", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection serology: a useful tool to overcome lockdown?", "journal": "Cell Death Discov", "authors": ["Nuccetelli, Marzia", "Pieri, Massimo", "Grelli, Sandro", "Ciotti, Marco", "Miano, Roberto", "Andreoni, Massimo", "Bernardini, Sergio"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501411", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly, inducing a progressive growth in infected patients number. Social isolation (lockdown) has been assessed to prevent and control virus diffusion, leading to a worldwide financial and political crisis. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in nasopharyngeal swab takes place by real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). However, molecular tests can give some false-negative results. In this context, serological assays can be useful to detect IgG/IgM antibodies, to assess the degree of immunization, to trace the contacts, and to support the decision to re-admit people at work. A lot of serological diagnostic kits have been proposed on the market but validation studies have not been published for many of them. The aim of our work was to compare and to evaluate different assays analytical performances (two different immunochromatographic cards, an immunofluorescence chromatographic card, and a chemiluminescence-automated immunoassay) on 43 positive samples with RT-qPCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 40 negative control subjects. Our data display excellent IgG/IgM specificities for all the immunocromatographic card tests (100% IgG and 100% IgM) and for the chemiluminescence-automated assay (100% IgG and 94% IgM); IgG/IgM sensitivities are moderately lower for all methods, probably due to the assay viral antigen's nature and/or to the detection time of nasopharyngeal swab RT-qPCR, with respect to symptoms onset. Given that sensitivities (around 94% and 84% for IgG and IgM, respectively) implicate false-negative cases and given the lack of effective vaccines or treatments, the only currently available procedure to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission is to identify and isolate persons who are contagious. For this reason, we would like to submit a flowchart in which serological tests, integrated with nasopharyngeal swab RT-qPCR, are included to help social and work activities implementation after the pandemic acute phase and to overcome lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32299202, "title": "COVID-19, immune system response, hyperinflammation and repurposing antirheumatic drugs", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Tufan, Abdurrahman", "Avanoglu Guler, Aslihan", "Matucci-Cerinic, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299202", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the Wuhan Province of China, in December 2019, the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a severe involvement of the lower respiratory tract leading to an acute respiratory syndrome. Subsequently, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provoked a pandemic which is considered a life-threatening disease. The SARS-CoV-2, a family member of betacoronaviruses, possesses single-stranded positive-sense RNA with typical structural proteins, involving the envelope, membrane, nucleocapsid and spike proteins that are responsible for the viral infectivity, and nonstructural proteins. The effectual host immune response including innate and adaptive immunity against SARS-Cov-2 seems crucial to control and resolve the viral infection. However, the severity and outcome of the COVID-19 might be associated with the excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines \u201ccytokine storm\u201d leading to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Regretfully, the exact pathophysiology and treatment, especially for the severe COVID-19, is still uncertain. The results of preliminary studies have shown that immune-modulatory or immune-suppressive treatments such as hydroxychloroquine, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 antagonists, commonly used in rheumatology, might be considered as treatment choices for COVID-19, particularly in severe disease. In this review, to gain better information about appropriate anti-inflammatory treatments, mostly used in rheumatology for COVID-19, we have focused the attention on the structural features of SARS-CoV-2, the host immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and its association with the cytokine storm."}, {"pmid": 32343362, "pmcid": "PMC7267170", "title": "COVID-19 Preparedness in Nursing Homes in the Midst of the Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Quigley, Denise D", "Dick, Andrew", "Agarwal, Mansi", "Jones, Karen M", "Mody, Lona", "Stone, Patricia W"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343362", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366975, "title": "COVID-19 mental-health responses neglect social realities.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Burgess, Rochelle"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366975", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32093461, "pmcid": "PMC7047000", "title": "A Novel Approach of Consultation on 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)-Related Psychological and Mental Problems: Structured Letter Therapy.", "journal": "Psychiatry Investig", "authors": ["Xiao, Chunfeng"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32093461", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417321, "pmcid": "PMC7227495", "title": "Steam treatment for rapid decontamination of N95 respirators and medical face masks.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Li, Daniel F", "Cadnum, Jennifer L", "Redmond, Sarah N", "Jones, Lucas D", "Pearlmutter, Basya", "Haq, Muhammed F", "Donskey, Curtis J"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417321", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32186661, "title": "Presidential Powers and Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Gostin, Lawrence O", "Hodge, James G Jr", "Wiley, Lindsay F"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32186661", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352081, "pmcid": "PMC7189194", "title": "Perspectives for the use of therapeutic Botulinum toxin as a multifaceted candidate drug to attenuate COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Kandasamy, Mahesh"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352081", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) resulting from a distinctive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve in many countries and pose life-threatening clinical issues to global public health. While the lungs are the primary target for the SARS-CoV-2-mediated pathological consequence, SARS-CoV-2 appear to invade the brain and cause neurological deficits. In the later stage, COVID-19 can progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, neurological deficits and multi-organ dysfunctions leading to death. Though a significant portion of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals has been recovering from pathological symptoms, the impact of the COVID-19 on the structural and functional properties of the lungs, heart, brain and other organs at the post-recovery state remains unknown. Presently, there is an urgent need for a remedial measure to combat this devastating COVID-19. Botulinum toxins (BoNTs) are potent neurotoxins that can induce paralysis of muscle and acute respiratory arrest in human. However, a mild dose of the purified form of BoNT has been known to attenuate chronic cough, dyspnoea, pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, abnormal circulation, cardiac defects and various neurological deficits that have been recognised as the prominent clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Considering the fact, this review article provides 1) an overview on the SARS-CoV-2 mediated pathological impact on the lungs, heart and brain, 2) signifies the therapeutic uses of BoNTs against pulmonary failure, cardiac arrest and neurological deficits, and 3) emphasize the rationality for the possible use of BoNT to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and manage COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32404211, "pmcid": "PMC7225210", "title": "UK medical students graduating early to work during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Sharif, Shazia P"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404211", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531181, "title": "Immersion in an emergency department triage center during the Covid-19 outbreak: first report of the Liege University hospital experience.", "journal": "Acta Clin Belg", "authors": ["Gilbert, Allison", "Brasseur, Edmond", "Petit, Meredith", "Donneau, Anne Francoise", "Diep, AnhNguyet", "Hetzel Campbell, Suzanne", "Servotte, Jean-Christophe", "Piazza, Justine", "Ancion, Aurore", "Gensburger, Mathieu", "D'Orio, Vincent", "Ghuysen, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531181", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of the novel coronavirus outbreak, different strategies have been explored to stem the spread of the disease and appropriately manage patient flow. Triage, an effective solution proposed in disaster medicine, also works well to manage Emergency Department (ED) flow. The aim of this study was to describe the role of an ED Triage Center for patients with suspected novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19) and characterize the patient flow. Methods. In March 2020, we established a Covid-19 triage center close to the Li\u00e8ge University EDs. From March 2 to March 23, we planned to analyze the specific flow of patients admitted to this triage zone and their characteristics in terms of inner specificities, work-up and management. During this period, all patients presented to the ED with symptoms suggestive of Covid-19 were included in the study. A total amount of 1071 patients presented to the triage center during the study period. 41.50% of the patients presented with flu-like symptoms. In 82.00% of the cases, no risk factor of virus transmission was found. The SARS-Cov2 positive patients represented 29.26% of the screened patients. 83.00% of patients were discharged home while 17.00% were admitted to the hospital. Our experience suggests that triage centers for the assessment and management of Covid-19 suspected patients is an essential key strategy to prevent the spread of the disease among non-symptomatic patients who present to the EDs for care. This allows for a disease-centered work-up and safer diversion of Covid-19 patients to specific hospital units."}, {"pmid": 32163661, "pmcid": "PMC7228218", "title": "Surveillance and taxonomic analysis of the coronavirus dominant in pigeons in China.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Zhuang, Qingye", "Liu, Shuo", "Zhang, Xiaochun", "Jiang, Wenming", "Wang, Kaicheng", "Wang, Suchun", "Peng, Cheng", "Hou, Guangyu", "Li, Jinping", "Yu, Xiaohui", "Yuan, Liping", "Wang, Jingjing", "Li, Yang", "Liu, Hualei", "Chen, Jiming"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32163661", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are found in humans and a wide variety of wild and domestic animals, and of substantial impact on human and animal health. In poultry, the genetic diversity, evolution, distribution and taxonomy of CoVs dominant in birds other than chickens remain enigmatic. In our previous study, we proposed that the CoVs dominant (i.e. mainly circulating) in ducks (DdCoVs) should represent a novel species, which was different from the one represented by the CoVs dominant in chickens (CdCoVs). In this study, we conducted a large-scale surveillance of CoVs in chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons and other birds (quails, sparrows and partridges) using a conserved RT-PCR assay. The surveillance demonstrated that CdCoVs, DdCoVs and the CoVs dominant in pigeons (PdCoVs) belong to different lineages, and they are all prevalent in live poultry markets and the backyard flocks in some regions of China. We further sequenced seven Coronaviridae-wide conserved domains in their replicase polyprotein pp1ab of seven PdCoVs and found that the genetic distances in these domains between PdCoVs and DdCoVs or CdCoVs are large enough to separate PdCoVs into a novel species, which were different from the ones represented by DdCoVs or CdCoVs within the genus Gammacoronavirus, per the species demarcation criterion of International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. This report shed novel insight into the genetic diversity, distribution, evolution and taxonomy of avian CoVs."}, {"pmid": 32421367, "title": "Is there an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on male fertility? The ACE2 connection.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Younis, Johnny S", "Abassi, Zaid", "Skorecki, Karl"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421367", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The viral pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), generated by a novel mutated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has become a serious worldwide public health emergency, evolving exponentially. While the main organ targeted in this disease is the lungs, other vital organs, such as the heart and kidney, may be implicated. The main host receptor of the SARS-CoV-2 is angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a major component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The ACE2 is also involved in testicular male regulation of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. As the SARS-CoV-2 may have the potential to infect the testis via ACE2 and adversely affect male reproductive system, it is essential to commence with targeted studies to learn from the current pandemic, with the possibility of preemptive intervention, depending on the findings and time course of the continuing pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32113504, "pmcid": "PMC7129560", "title": "Retraction-Chinese medical staff request international medical assistance in fighting against COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["The Editors Of The Lancet Global Health"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113504", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407306, "title": "Preliminary Estimate of Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Outbreak - New York City, March 11-May 2, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407306", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has since spread worldwide. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic (1). That same day, the first confirmed COVID-19-associated fatality occurred in New York City (NYC). To identify confirmed COVID-19-associated deaths, defined as those occurring in persons with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, on March 13, 2020, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) initiated a daily match between all deaths reported to the DOHMH electronic vital registry system (eVital) (2) and laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19. Deaths for which COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, or an equivalent term is listed on the death certificate as an immediate, underlying, or contributing cause of death, but that do not have laboratory-confirmation of COVID-19 are classified as probable COVID-19-associated deaths. As of May 2, a total of 13,831 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-associated deaths, and 5,048 probable COVID-19-associated deaths were recorded in NYC (3). Counting only confirmed or probable COVID-19-associated deaths, however, likely underestimates the number of deaths attributable to the pandemic. The counting of confirmed and probable COVID-19-associated deaths might not include deaths among persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection who did not access diagnostic testing, tested falsely negative, or became infected after testing negative, died outside of a health care setting, or for whom COVID-19 was not suspected by a health care provider as a cause of death. The counting of confirmed and probable COVID-19-associated deaths also does not include deaths that are not directly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The objective of this report is to provide an estimate of all-cause excess deaths that have occurred in NYC in the setting of widespread community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Excess deaths refer to the number of deaths above expected seasonal baseline levels, regardless of the reported cause of death. Estimation of all-cause excess deaths is used as a nonspecific measure of the severity or impact of pandemics (4) and public health emergencies (5). Reporting of excess deaths might provide a more accurate measure of the impact of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32369204, "title": "Hepatic involvement in COVID-19 patients: Pathology, pathogenesis, and clinical implications.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Yueying", "Xiao, Shu-Yuan"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369204", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it has been observed that hepatic injury occurs in a significant proportion of patients, particularly in those with severe or critical illness. Mild increase in sinusoidal lymphocytic infiltration, sinusoidal dilatation, steatosis and multifocal hepatic necrosis are the pathologic changes reported. Direct viral-induced cellular injuries and potential hepatotoxicity from therapeutic drugs are two likely underlying mechanisms. In addition, the pre-existing chronic liver disease exacerbated during COVID-19, and COVID-19-related hyperinflammatory reactions may contribute to liver injury as well. Further studies of additional autopsy cases will help clarifying these possibilities."}, {"pmid": 32463802, "title": "New York City COVID-19 resident physician exposure during exponential phase of pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Breazzano, Mark P", "Shen, Junchao", "Abdelhakim, Aliaa H", "Dagi Glass, Lora", "Horowitz, Jason", "Xie, Sharon X", "De Moraes, C Gustavo", "Chen-Plotkin, Alice", "Chen, Royce Ws"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463802", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BackgroundFrom March 2-April 12, 2020, New York City (NYC) experienced exponential growth of the COVID-19 pandemic due to novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Little is known regarding how physicians have been affected. We aimed to characterize COVID-19 impact on NYC resident physicians.MethodsIRB-exempt and expedited cross-sectional analysis through survey to NYC residency program directors (PDs) April 3-12, 2020, encompassing events from March 2-April 12, 2020.ResultsFrom an estimated 340 residency programs around NYC, recruitment yielded 91 responses, representing 24 specialties and 2,306 residents. 45.1% of programs reported at least one resident with confirmed COVID-19: 101 resident physicians were confirmed COVID-19-positive, with an additional 163 residents presumed positive for COVID-19 based on symptoms but awaiting or unable to obtain testing. Two COVID-19-positive residents were hospitalized, with one in intensive care. Among specialties with >100 residents represented, negative binomial regression indicated that infection risk differed by specialty (p=0.039). 80% of programs reported quarantining a resident. 90/91 programs reported reuse or extended mask use, and 43 programs reported that personal protective equipment (PPE) was suboptimal. 65 programs (74.7%) have redeployed residents elsewhere to support COVID-19 efforts.ConclusionMany resident physicians around NYC have been affected by COVID-19 through direct infection, quarantine, or redeployment. Lack of access to testing and concern regarding suboptimal PPE are common among residency programs. Infection risk may differ by specialty.FundingAHA, MPB, RWSC, CGM, LRDG, JDH: NEI Core Grant P30EY019007, RPB Unrestricted Grant. ACP and JS: Parker Family Chair. SXX: University of Pennsylvania."}, {"pmid": 32239514, "pmcid": "PMC7228227", "title": "Comments on Zhang et al: Clinical trial analysis of 2019-nCoV therapy registered in China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yu, Yang", "Shi, Qianling", "Chen, Hao"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239514", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427340, "title": "Influence of storage conditions on SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection in throat swabs.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Lin", "Li, Xiao", "Guo, Zhengdong", "Wang, Zhongyi", "Zhang, Ke", "Li, Chao", "Wang, Changjun", "Zhang, Shoufeng"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427340", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the premise of quarantine. In many countries or areas, samples need to be shipped or inactivated before SARS-CoV-2 testing. In this study, we checked the influence of sample storage conditions on SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing results, including sample inactivation time, storage temperature and the time. All of these conditions caused an increase in the Ct values of the nucleic acid tests and led to the misclassification of at least 10.2% of positive cases as negative or suspected. The results highlight the importance of immediate testing of samples for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and detection."}, {"pmid": 32312574, "pmcid": "PMC7141630", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia with hemoptysis: Acute segmental pulmonary emboli associated with novel coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Casey, Kyla", "Iteen, Alexander", "Nicolini, Reese", "Auten, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312574", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent retrospective studies from Wuhan, China suggest Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be associated with a hypercoagulable state and increased risk for venous thromboembolism. The overlap in the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19 with concurrent pulmonary embolism creates a diagnostic challenge for emergency medicine physicians in patients already at risk for renal impairment. However, identifying features atypical for COVID-19 alone may play a role in the judicious use of Computed Tomography Angiography among these patients. Hemoptysis is seen in roughly 13% of pulmonary embolism cases and infrequently reported among COVID-19 infections. Additionally, the presence of right heart strain on electrocardiography (EKG) is a well described clinical presentations of pulmonary embolism not reported commonly with COVID-19 infections."}, {"pmid": 32302081, "pmcid": "PMC7182015", "title": "ST-Segment Elevation in Patients with Covid-19 - A Case Series.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Bangalore, Sripal", "Sharma, Atul", "Slotwiner, Alexander", "Yatskar, Leonid", "Harari, Rafael", "Shah, Binita", "Ibrahim, Homam", "Friedman, Gary H", "Thompson, Craig", "Alviar, Carlos L", "Chadow, Hal L", "Fishman, Glenn I", "Reynolds, Harmony R", "Keller, Norma", "Hochman, Judith S"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302081", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32132096, "title": "Covid-19: hoarding and misuse of protective gear is jeopardising the response, WHO warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132096", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369429, "title": "The Prevalence of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Tong, Jane Y", "Wong, Amanda", "Zhu, Daniel", "Fastenberg, Judd H", "Tham, Tristan"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369429", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the pooled global prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Literature searches of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were conducted on April 19, 2020, to include articles written in English that reported the prevalence of olfactory or gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Search strategies developed for each database contained keywords such as anosmia, dysgeusia, and COVID-19. Resulting articles were imported into a systematic review software and underwent screening. Data from articles that met inclusion criteria were extracted and analyzed. Meta-analysis using pooled prevalence estimates in a random-effects model were calculated. Ten studies were analyzed for olfactory dysfunction (n = 1627), demonstrating 52.73% (95% CI, 29.64%-75.23%) prevalence among patients with COVID-19. Nine studies were analyzed for gustatory dysfunction (n = 1390), demonstrating 43.93% (95% CI, 20.46%-68.95%) prevalence. Subgroup analyses were conducted for studies evaluating olfactory dysfunction using nonvalidated and validated instruments and demonstrated 36.64% (95% CI, 18.31%-57.24%) and 86.60% (95% CI, 72.95%-95.95%) prevalence, respectively. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are common symptoms in patients with COVID-19 and may represent early symptoms in the clinical course of infection. Increased awareness of this fact may encourage earlier diagnosis and treatment, as well as heighten vigilance for viral transmission. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to report on the prevalence of these symptoms in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32353521, "pmcid": "PMC7185018", "title": "Potentially irreversible olfactory and gustatory impairments in COVID-19: Indolent vs. fulminant SARS-CoV-2 neuroinfection.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Vavougios, George D"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353521", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445420, "title": "Can thrombotic events be a major concern in hepatocellular carcinoma patients under systemic treatment during SARS-Cov-2?", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["da Fonseca, Leonardo", "Carrilho, Flair Jose"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445420", "topics": ["NONE", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507114, "title": "Air and environmental sampling for SARS-CoV-2 around hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Wong, Shuk-Ching", "Chan, Veronica Wing-Man", "So, Simon Yung-Chun", "Chen, Jonathan Hon-Kwan", "Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Chu, Hin", "Chung, Tom Wai-Hin", "Sridhar, Siddharth", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Ho, Pak-Leung", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507114", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of severe respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-laden aerosols in the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains uncertain. Discordant findings of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in air samples were noted in early reports. Sampling of air close to 6 asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients with and without surgical masks was performed with sampling devices using sterile gelatin filters. Frequently-touched environmental surfaces near 21 patients were swabbed before daily environmental disinfection. The correlation of viral load of patients' clinical samples and environmental samples were analyzed. All the air samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the 6 patients singly isolated inside airborne infection isolation rooms (AIIR) with 12 air change per hour. Nineteen (5.0%) of 377 environmental samples near 21 patients were RT-PCR positive with a median viral load of 9.2x102 copies/ml (range: 1.1x102 to 9.4x104 copies/ml). The contamination rate was highest on patients' mobile phone (7.8%, 6/77), followed by bed rail (5.4%, 4/74) and toilet door handle (5.3%, 4/76). There was a significant correlation between viral load ranges in clinical samples and positivity rate of environmental samples (p < 0.001). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detectable by air sampler which suggests that airborne route is not the predominant mode of transmission of COVID-19. Wearing of surgical mask, appropriate hand hygiene and thorough environmental disinfection are sufficient infection control measures for COVID-19 patients isolated singly in AIIR. But this may not apply during aerosol generating procedures or in cohort wards with large number of COVID-19 patients nursed together."}, {"pmid": 32441773, "title": "COVID-19 in a patient with HIV infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Patel, Raj H", "Pella, Pablo M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441773", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516704, "title": "Cancer and COVID-19: Unmasking their ties.", "journal": "Cancer Treat Rev", "authors": ["Addeo, A", "Friedlaender, A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516704", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and its clinical manifestation, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) have rapidly spread across the globe, leading to the declaration of a pandemic. While most present mild symptoms, it appears as though nearly 20% of confirmed patients develop significant complications. These include acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock and multi-organ failure, with a 3-6% mortality. A plethora of treatments has been or is being assessed, but to date, none has been proven effective. Management is mainly symptomatic, with organ support for the critically ill. Several reports, mainly case series, from across the world have concluded that patients with malignancy appear more susceptible to severe infection and mortality from COVID-19. This could be attributed to immunosuppression, co-existing medical conditions and underlying pulmonary compromise which is often the case in lung malignancy. Patients with haematological cancer and those who are receiving active chemotherapy treatment may be at greatest risk due to increased immunosuppression. This pandemic tested the resilience of worldwide health-care systems in an unprecedented manner. It has forced oncologists to rethink the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process, based on the local prevalence and impact of COVID-19. In this review we will discuss the impact of COVID-19 on patients affected by cancer, their diagnosis and management, as well as the pathophysiology of COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress symptoms and currently investigated treatment approaches."}, {"pmid": 32301766, "pmcid": "PMC7219856", "title": "Cardiovascular Pharmacology in the Time of COVID-19: A Focus on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Pharmacol", "authors": ["Buckley, Leo F", "Cheng, Judy W M", "Desai, Akshay"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301766", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a pandemic affecting millions of adults. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2019 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus of COVID-19, infects host cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Preclinical models suggest that ACE2 upregulation confers protective effects in acute lung injury. In addition, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors reduce adverse atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease outcomes, but may increase ACE2 levels. We review current knowledge of the role of ACE2 in cardiovascular physiology and SARS-CoV-2 virology, as well as clinical data to inform the management of patients with or at risk for COVID-19 who require renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor therapy."}, {"pmid": 32418880, "pmcid": "PMC7205650", "title": "The ethics (mis)used for filling the voids or harm of harm reduction ethics.", "journal": "J Geriatr Oncol", "authors": ["Curkovic, Marko", "Kosec, Andro"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418880", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425000, "pmcid": "PMC7205601", "title": "An overview of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Shi, Yu", "Wang, Gang", "Cai, Xiao-Peng", "Deng, Jing-Wen", "Zheng, Lin", "Zhu, Hai-Hong", "Zheng, Min", "Yang, Bo", "Chen, Zhi"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425000", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection emerged in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. By Feb. 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially named the disease resulting from infection with SARS-CoV-2 as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 represents a spectrum of clinical manifestations that typically include fever, dry cough, and fatigue, often with pulmonary involvement. SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and most individuals within the population at large are susceptible to infection. Wild animal hosts and infected patients are currently the main sources of disease which is transmitted via respiratory droplets and direct contact. Since the outbreak, the Chinese government and scientific community have acted rapidly to identify the causative agent and promptly shared the viral gene sequence, and have carried out measures to contain the epidemic. Meanwhile, recent research has revealed critical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 biology and disease pathogenesis; other studies have focused on epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, as well as drug and vaccine development. This review aims to summarize the latest research findings and to provide expert consensus. We will also share ongoing efforts and experience in China, which may provide insight on how to contain the epidemic and improve our understanding of this emerging infectious disease, together with updated guidance for prevention, control, and critical management of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32333712, "pmcid": "PMC7267390", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the need for transplant-oriented trials.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Zaza, Gianluigi", "Benedetti, Claudia", "Fribourg, Miguel", "Maggiore, Umberto", "Azzi, Jamil", "Riella, Leonardo V", "Cravedi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333712", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333379, "title": "COVID-19 and Semen: An Unanswered Area of Research.", "journal": "Urol J", "authors": ["Kashi, Amir Hossein"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333379", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441318, "title": "Delayed benign surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: the other side of the coin.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["La Torre, M", "Pata, F", "Gallo, G"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441318", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454157, "pmcid": "PMC7245231", "title": "Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and anti-viral activities: A novel therapeutic target for COVID-19.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Banerjee, Aditi", "Czinn, Steven J", "Reiter, Russel J", "Blanchard, Thomas G"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454157", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by 2019-nCov/SARS-CoV-2 has become a pandemic with an urgent need for understanding the mechanisms and identifying a treatment. Viral infections including SARS-CoV are associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species, disturbances of Ca++ caused by unfolded protein response (UPR) mediated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and is due to the exploitation of virus's own protein i.e., viroporins into the host cells. Several clinical trials are on-going including testing Remdesivir (anti-viral), Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine derivatives (anti-malarial drugs) etc. Unfortunately, each drug has specific limitations. Herein, we review the viral protein involvement to activate ER stress transducers (IRE-1, PERK, ATF-6) and their downstream signals; and evaluate combination therapies for COVID-19 mediated ER stress alterations. Melatonin is an immunoregulator, anti-pyretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and ER stress modulator during viral infections. It enhances protective mechanisms for respiratory tract disorders. Andrographolide, isolated from Andrographis paniculata, has versatile biological activities including immunomodulation and determining SARS-CoV-2 binding site. Considering the properties of both compounds in terms of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-pyrogenic, anti-viral and ER stress modulation and computational approaches revealing andrographolide docks with the SARS-CoV2 binding site, we predict that this combination therapy may have potential utility against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32409499, "title": "Obesity Is a Risk Factor for Greater COVID-19 Severity.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Gao, Feng", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Wang, Xiao-Bo", "Sun, Qing-Feng", "Pan, Ke-Hua", "Wang, Ting-Yao", "Chen, Yong-Ping", "Targher, Giovanni", "Byrne, Christopher D", "George, Jacob", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409499", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315758, "pmcid": "PMC7165285", "title": "The immediate mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among people with or without quarantine managements.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Zhu, Shen", "Wu, Yue", "Zhu, Chun-Yan", "Hong, Wan-Chu", "Yu, Zhi-Xi", "Chen, Zhi-Ke", "Chen, Zhen-Lei", "Jiang, De-Guo", "Wang, Yong-Guang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315758", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506600, "title": "Safety Measures in Dermatology Help Minimize Spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Goren, Andy", "Rathod, Dipali", "Kroumpouzos, George", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506600", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31953166, "pmcid": "PMC7128332", "title": "The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health - The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hui, David S", "I Azhar, Esam", "Madani, Tariq A", "Ntoumi, Francine", "Kock, Richard", "Dar, Osman", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Mchugh, Timothy D", "Memish, Ziad A", "Drosten, Christian", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Petersen, Eskild"], "date": "2020-01-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31953166", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335339, "pmcid": "PMC7194654", "title": "One case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a patient co-infected by HIV with a low CD4(+) T-cell count.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Maomao", "Luo, Limin", "Bu, Haiji", "Xia, Hu"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335339", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 that began in Wuhan, China, become an emergency of international concern when thousands of people were infected around the world. This study reports a case simultaneously infected by SARS-Cov-2 and HIV, which showed a longer disease course and slower generation of specific antibodies. This case highlights that a co-infection of SARS-Cov-2 and HIV may severely impair the immune system."}, {"pmid": 32433251, "title": "Response to COVID-19: Minimizing Risks, Addressing Challenges and Maintaining Operations in a Complex Academic Radiology Department.", "journal": "J Comput Assist Tomogr", "authors": ["Pedrosa, Ivan", "Browning, Travis", "Kwon, Jeannie K", "Morriss, Michael", "Matsler, Lacy", "Pinho, Marco C", "Lamus, Daniel", "Pillai, Anil", "Karow, Sweta Patel", "Garinn, Jon", "Brewington, Cecelia", "Zeikus, Eric", "Rofsky, Neil M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated rapid response plans to minimize risks of infection in the workforce while ensuring maintenance of essential functions of radiology departments. Plan adoption is, however, challenged by the need to coordinate with institutional efforts, a rapidly expanding number of patients, and the diversity of clinical and administrative functions in the department. Here, we describe the implementation of a response plan in an academic radiology department, challenges encountered, and tactics used to address these challenges."}, {"pmid": 32392382, "title": "COVID-19: A message of hope from a young girl with severe cystic fibrosis.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Blanchon, Sylvain", "Fernandez, Clara", "Guerin, Sophie", "Crisinel, Pierre-Alex", "Rochat, Isabelle"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392382", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232420, "title": "Medical Student Education in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rose, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232420", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242382, "title": "Audio Interview: Lessons from Covid-19 Hotspots.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242382", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32160997, "title": "Covid-19: China's president Xi visits Wuhan amid confidence that virus is under control.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160997", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450314, "pmcid": "PMC7244435", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Neurosurgical Practice at an Academic Tertiary Referral Center: A Comparative Study.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Noureldine, Mohammad Hassan A", "Pressman, Elliot", "Krafft, Paul R", "Greenberg, Mark S", "Agazzi, Siviero", "van Loveren, Harry", "Alikhani, Puya"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450314", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neurosurgical services have been affected by the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and several departments have reported their experiences and responses to the COVID-19 crisis in an attempt to provide insights from which other impacted departments can benefit. The goals of this study were to report the load and variety of emergent/urgent neurosurgical cases after implementing the \"Battle Plan\" at an academic tertiary referral center during the COVID-19 pandemic and to compare these variables with previous practice at the same institution. The clinical data of all patients who underwent a neurosurgical intervention between March 23, 2020, and April 20, 2020, were obtained from a prospectively maintained database. Data of the control group were retrospectively collected from the medical records to compare the types of surgeries/interventions performed by the same neurosurgical service before the COVID-19 pandemic started. Over a 4-week period during the COVID-19 pandemic, 91 patients underwent emergent, urgent, and essential neurosurgical interventions. Patient screening at teleclinics identified 11 urgent surgical cases. The implementation of the Battle Plan led to a significant decrease in the caseload, and the variation of cases by subspecialty was evident when compared with a control group comprising 214 patients. Delivery of optimal care and safe practice and education at an academic neurosurgical department can be well maintained with proper execution of crisis protocols. Teleclinics proved to be efficient in screening patients for urgent neurosurgical conditions, but in-person clinic visits may still be necessary for some cases in the immediate postoperative period."}, {"pmid": 32441430, "title": "COVID-19 and its implications for Dermatology and Venereology.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Ring, J"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441430", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366457, "title": "Covid-19 in South Korea.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Choi, Jun Yong"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366457", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2) that initially originated from Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has already caused a pandemic. While this novel coronavirus disease (covid-19) frequently induces mild diseases, it has also generated severe diseases among certain populations, including older-aged individuals with underlying diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. As of 31 March 2020, a total of 9786 confirmed cases with covid-19 have been reported in South Korea. South Korea has the highest diagnostic rate for covid-19, which has been the major contributor in overcoming this outbreak. We are trying to reduce the reproduction number of covid-19 to less than one and eventually succeed in controlling this outbreak using methods such as contact tracing, quarantine, testing, isolation, social distancing and school closure. This report aimed to describe the current situation of covid-19 in South Korea and our response to this outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32427657, "pmcid": "PMC7258761", "title": "Can pediatric COVID-19 testing sensitivity be improved with sequential tests?", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Soneru, Codruta N", "Petersen, Timothy R", "Bajracharya, Manish", "Hadid, Senan", "Demeter, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427657", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528621, "pmcid": "PMC7266474", "title": "Thromboembolic risks in patients with COVID-19: major concern to consider in our management.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Temgoua, Mazou Ngou", "Kuate, Liliane Mfeukeu", "Ngatchou, William", "Sibetcheu, Aurelie", "Toupendi, Zouliatou Nzina", "Belobo, Grace", "Ossa, Alice", "Kingue, Samuel"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528621", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is an emergent cardiovascular risk factor and a major cause of mortality worldwide. Thromboembolism is highly suspected as a leading cause of death in these patients through vascular inflammation caused by SARS COV2. Until now there is no real treatment of COVID-19 and many proposed drugs are under clinical trials. Considering the high incidence of thromboembolic events in critically ill patients with COVID-19, prevention of this disorder should be essential in order to reduce mortality in these patients."}, {"pmid": 32522067, "title": "Autophagy as an emerging target for COVID-19: lessons from an old friend, chloroquine.", "journal": "Autophagy", "authors": ["Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy", "Muller, Sylviane", "Bayry, Jagadeesh", "Klionsky, Daniel J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522067", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the last week of December 2019, Wuhan (China) was confronted with the first case of respiratory tract disease 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to the rapid outbreak of the transmission (~3.64 million positive cases and high mortality as of May 5, 2020), the world is looking for immediate and better therapeutic options. Still, much information is not known, including origin of the disease, complete genomic characterization, mechanism of transmission dynamics, extent of spread, possible genetic predisposition, clinical and biological diagnosis, complete details of disease-induced pathogenicity, and possible therapeutic options. Although several known drugs are already under clinical evaluation with many in repositioning strategies, much attention has been paid to the aminoquinoline derivates, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). These molecules are known regulators of endosomes/lysosomes, which are subcellular organelles central to autophagy processes. By elevating the pH of acidic endosomes/lysosomes, CQ/HCQ inhibit the autophagic process. In this short perspective, we discuss the roles of CQ/HCQ in the treatment of COVID-19 patients and propose new ways of possible treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection based on the molecules that selectivity target autophagy."}, {"pmid": 32445713, "pmcid": "PMC7239623", "title": "A future vaccination campaign against COVID-19 at risk of vaccine hesitancy and politicisation.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445713", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516622, "title": "Protecting health workers' mental health during COVID-19.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Armitage, R", "Nellums, L B"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516622", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279674, "pmcid": "PMC7205553", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak: The issue of face masks.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wang, Ming-Wei", "Cheng, Yong-Ran", "Ye, Lan", "Zhou, Meng-Yun", "Chen, Juan", "Feng, Zhan-Hui"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279674", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315261, "title": "Information Overload: A Method to Share Updates among Frontline Staff during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Poonia, Seerat K", "Rajasekaran, Karthik"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315261", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since COVID-19 was classified as a pandemic, the stream of important information from multiple sources is constant and always changing. As the pandemic evolves, the need to report relevant information to frontline providers remains crucial. A 1-page centralized document termed a \"quicksheet\" was developed to include guidelines, policies, and practical information and to serve as a reference tool for our clinicians. It was updated and distributed frequently, up to once daily. It was initially embraced as an important resource for resident physicians and then quickly adopted by the entire department as a necessary reference and communication tool during the ongoing crisis. The quicksheet has been a beneficial tool to distill and organize the most important and relevant information for frontline staff, and we hope that it can serve as a template for departments and health care workers in other hospital systems to adopt."}, {"pmid": 32478546, "title": "COVID-19 in Malta: The mental health impact.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Grech, Paulann", "Grech, Reuben"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478546", "countries": ["Malta"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on health, economies, and other societal pillars. The Maltese archipelago has also been affected by this viral threat. Due to Malta's characteristics as one of the smallest islands in Europe, the picture, which shall be portrayed in this article, may have some unique features, especially in terms of mental health and societal well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32470944, "title": "Letter to the Editor. Utilization of health personnel in developing countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Ansari, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470944", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479759, "pmcid": "PMC7256545", "title": "Successful use of methylprednisolone for treating severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Liu, Jing", "Zheng, Xiaobin", "Huang, Yiying", "Shan, Hong", "Huang, Jin"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479759", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Timely and appropriate application of methylprednisolone in severe and critical COVID-19 patients could effectively avoid invasive mechanical ventilation and reduce the mortality."}, {"pmid": 32471817, "title": "Covid-19: Millions of women and children at risk as visits to essential services plummet.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Thornton, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471817", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466326, "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourist Satisfaction with B&B in Zhejiang, China: An Importance-Performance Analysis.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Hong, Yan", "Cai, Gangwei", "Mo, Zhoujin", "Gao, Weijun", "Xu, Lei", "Jiang, Yuanxing", "Jiang, Jinming"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466326", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the outbreak of COVID-19 (especially in the stage of tourism recovery), the bed and breakfast (B&B) tourism industry faced big challenges in improving its health strategies. B&Bs are very important for the tourism industry in China and many other countries. However, few studies have studied the impact of B&Bs, under COVID-19, on tourism in China. Our paper is among one of the first studies to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on tourist satisfaction with B&Bs in China. The work/travel restrictions started from 20 January 2020, and work/after travel resumed from 20 February 2020 in Zhejiang, China. Data were collected from 588 tourists (who experienced B&Bs in Zhejiang, China) from a WeChat online survey, from 1 March to 15 March 2020. The current study attempted to fill the gap by studying the changing tourist satisfaction levels with B&Bs before/after COVID-19. Moreover, some suggestions are given to the B&B industry for tourism resumption after COVID-19 by an importance-performance analysis (IPA)."}, {"pmid": 32445875, "pmcid": "PMC7240266", "title": "Ion torrent-based nasopharyngeal swab metatranscriptomics in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Virol Methods", "authors": ["Campos, Gubio S", "Sardi, Silvia I", "Falcao, Melissa B", "Belitardo, Emilia M M A", "Rocha, Danilo J P G", "Rolo, Carolina A", "Menezes, Aline D", "Pinheiro, Carina S", "Carvalho, Rejane H", "Almeida, Joao P P", "Aguiar, Eric R G R", "Pacheco, Luis G C"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445875", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Herein, we describe the detection of a SARS-CoV-2 genome through metatranscriptome next-generation sequencing directly from the nasopharyngeal swab of a suspected case of local transmission of Covid-19, in Brazil. Depletion of human ribosomal RNA and use of an optimized in-house developed bioinformatics strategy contributed to successful detection of the virus."}, {"pmid": 32492292, "title": "Two hits to the renin-angiotensin system may play a key role in severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Kaohsiung J Med Sci", "authors": ["Tseng, Yu-Hsin", "Yang, Rei-Cheng", "Lu, Tzong-Shi"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492292", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spike glycoprotein on the virion surface docking onto the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 dimer is an essential step in the process of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in human cells-involves downregulation of ACE2 expression with systemic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance and promotion of multi-organ damage. In general, the RAS induces vasoconstriction, hypertension, inflammation, fibrosis, and proliferation via the ACE/Ang II/Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) axis and induces the opposite effects via the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis. The RAS may be activated by chronic inflammation in hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. SARS-CoV-2 induces the ACE2 internalization and shedding, leading to the inactivation of the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis. Therefore, we hypothesize that two hits to the RAS drives COVID-19 progression. In brief, the first hit originates from chronic inflammation activating the ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis, and the second originates from the COVID-19 infection inactivating the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis. Moreover, the two hits to the RAS may be the primary reason for increased mortality in patients with COVID-19 who have comorbidities and may serve as a therapeutic target for COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32451162, "pmcid": "PMC7252049", "title": "The management of surgical patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Surgery", "authors": ["Spolverato, Gaya", "Capelli, Giulia", "Restivo, Angelo", "Bao, Quoc Riccardo", "Pucciarelli, Salvatore", "Pawlik, Timothy M", "Gronchi, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451162", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised several issues regarding the management of surgical patients. The aim of the current study was to clarify the management of oncologic and surgical patients during the pandemic. Relevant publications reporting on the epidemiology of the pandemic, the diagnosis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and the clinical management of cancer and surgical patients, as well as studies concerning health care workers' safety, were included. The last date of research for this study was April 4,\u00a02020. We analyzed 28 papers. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19, and computed tomography scans were considered useful for cases of diagnostic uncertainty. Cancer patients and surgical patients were confirmed to be particularly at risk of infection and negative outcome. To guarantee adequate care to these patients, while minimizing the risk for infection, the early postponing of elective surgery, the creation of COVID-free facilities and the identification of COVID- dedicated operating theaters and teams have been proposed. The correct use of personal protective equipment was also strongly advocated, along with the institution of facilities for the psychologic support of health care workers. Clinicians should be aware of the importance of providing adequate care to patients with urgent and nondeferrable clinical issues, such as cancer. Every effort should be made to contain the virus spread in the hospital setting. Also, clinicians should value the importance of self-protection and mental health care."}, {"pmid": 32490829, "title": "Utility of chest CT in diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Luo, Ning", "Zhang, Han", "Zhou, Yang", "Kong, ZiXuan", "Sun, WeiHang", "Huang, Nan", "Zhang, AoDan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490829", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to explore the imaging findings of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its clinical value for further evaluation of suspected cases. Files of 155 patients visiting the fever clinics at our hospital and affiliated hospitals from January 20th to February 9th, 2020 were searched. Among them, 140 cases (including 82 males and 58 females) were included as suspected COVID-19 cases based on clinical and epidemiological history; the CT image features of 70 cases with suggestive findings on CT, confirmed by positive nucleic acid test were analyzed and evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of CT in diagnosing COVID-19 were evaluated in patients with epidemiological history. Of the 70 patients, 84.3% showed bilateral lung involvement on CT; 27 cases (38.6%) showed ground-glass opacity (GGO), which was mostly distributed in the subpleural area (55.7%), and this sign was mainly observed in early COVID-19 patients. In addition, 41 cases (58.6%) manifested GGO combined with focal consolidation opacity, 2 (2.8%) had flake-like consolidation opacity, with involvements of the periphery of lung field and the central zone (44.3%), and this sign was mostly observed in severe or critical patients. Concomitant signs such as pleural effusion and mediastinal lymph node enlargement were rare. Among patients with epidemiological history, the sensitivity of CT in diagnosing COVID-19 was 89.7% (70/78), and the specificity was 88.7% (55/62). CT shows high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing COVID-19. CT is an important examination method in evaluation of suspected cases and assessment of disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32516031, "title": "Tele-rounding in a university hospital pulmonary ward during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Renner, Andreas", "Paajanen, Juuso", "Reijula, Jere"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516031", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32109444, "pmcid": "PMC7102581", "title": "Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: A brief perspective from the front line.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Han, Qingmei", "Lin, Qingqing", "Jin, Shenhe", "You, Liangshun"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32109444", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, designated as 2019-nCoV, hit the central Chinese city of Wuhan in late December 2019, and subsequently spread rapidly to all provinces of China and multiple countries. As of 0:00 am February 9, 2020, a total of 37,287 cases have been confirmed infection of 2019-nCoV in China mainland, and 302 cases have also been cumulatively reported from 24 countries. According to the latest data, a total of 813 deaths occurred in China mainland, with the mortality reaching approximately 2.2%. At present, there is no vaccine or specific drugs for the human coronavirus. Therefore, it is critical to understand the nature of the virus and its clinical characteristics, in order to respond to the 2019-nCoV outbreak. Thus, the present study briefly but comprehensively summarizes the not much but timely reports on the 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32398427, "title": "Modified Wake Forest Type Protective Shield for an Asymptomatic, COVID-19 Non-Confirmed Patient for Intubation Undergoing Urgent Surgery.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Kinjo, Sakura", "Dudley, Matthew", "Sakai, Norihiro"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398427", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370848, "pmcid": "PMC7252024", "title": "Empowering Communication in Emergency Contexts: Reflections From the Italian Coronavirus Outbreak.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Brivio, Eleonora", "Oliveri, Serena", "Pravettoni, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370848", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237159, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemics: The lack of critical reflection addressing short- and long-term challenges.", "journal": "Int J Health Plann Manage", "authors": ["Correia, Tiago"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237159", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407668, "pmcid": "PMC7213957", "title": "Organ procurement and transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Loupy, Alexandre", "Aubert, Olivier", "Reese, Peter P", "Bastien, Olivier", "Bayer, Florian", "Jacquelinet, Christian"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407668", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325098, "pmcid": "PMC7169930", "title": "Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Moccia, Lorenzo", "Janiri, Delfina", "Pepe, Maria", "Dattoli, Luigi", "Molinaro, Marzia", "De Martin, Valentina", "Chieffo, Daniela", "Janiri, Luigi", "Fiorillo, Andrea", "Sani, Gabriele", "Di Nicola, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325098", "countries": ["Italy", "France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 is severely affecting mental health worldwide, although individual response may vary. This study aims to investigate the psychological distress perceived by the Italian general population during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyze affective temperament and adult attachment styles as potential mediators. Through an online survey, we collected sociodemographic and lockdown-related information and evaluated distress, temperament, and attachment using the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire short version (TEMPS-A) and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). In our sample (n\u00a0=\u00a0500), 62% of the individuals reported no likelihood of psychological distress, whereas 19.4% and 18.6% displayed mild and moderate-to-severe likelihood. Cyclothymic (OR: 1.24; p\u00a0<\u00a00.001), depressive (OR: 1.52; p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and anxious (OR: 1.58; p\u00a0=\u00a00.002) temperaments, and the ASQ \"Need for approval\" (OR: 1.08; p\u00a0=\u00a00.01) were risk factors for moderate-to-severe psychological distress compared to no distress, while the ASQ \"Confidence\" (OR: 0.89; p\u00a0=\u00a00.002) and \"Discomfort with closeness\" were protective (OR: 0.92; p\u00a0=\u00a00.001). Cyclothymic (OR: 1.17; p\u00a0=\u00a00.008) and depressive (OR: 1.32; p\u00a0=\u00a00.003) temperaments resulted as risk factors in subjects with moderate-to-severe psychological distress compared to mild distress, while the ASQ \"Confidence\" (OR: 0.92; p\u00a0=\u00a00.039) and \"Discomfort with closeness\" (OR: 0.94; p\u00a0=\u00a00.023) were protective. Our data indicated that a relevant rate of individuals may have experienced psychological distress following the COVID-19 outbreak. Specific affective temperament and attachment features predict the extent of mental health burden. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first data available on the psychological impact of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on a sizeable sample of the Italian population. Moreover, our study is the first to investigate temperament and attachment characteristics in the psychological response to the ongoing pandemic. Our results provide further insight into developing targeted intervention strategies."}, {"pmid": 32267002, "pmcid": "PMC7262254", "title": "Mask is the possible key for self-isolation in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhou, Zhiguo", "Yue, Dongsheng", "Mu, Chenlu", "Zhang, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267002", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376764, "title": "Covid-19: Woman with terminal cancer should be released from care home to die with family, says judge.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376764", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364597, "title": "Ophthalmology After Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Transition Back to Patient Care.", "journal": "JAMA Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Parke, David W 2nd"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364597", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406929, "pmcid": "PMC7273046", "title": "Reduction in emergency surgery activity during COVID-19 pandemic in three Spanish hospitals.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Cano-Valderrama, O", "Morales, X", "Ferrigni, C J", "Martin-Antona, E", "Turrado, V", "Garcia, A", "Cunarro-Lopez, Y", "Zarain-Obrador, L", "Duran-Poveda, M", "Balibrea, J M", "Torres, A J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406929", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461493, "title": "Sanitization of glaucoma clinic instruments in COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Parikh, Rajul S", "George, Ronnie", "Parikh, Shefali R"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461493", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394513, "pmcid": "PMC7272900", "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: A word of caution.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Annangi, Srinadh"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394513", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472461, "pmcid": "PMC7256179", "title": "COVID-19, chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease and anti-rheumatic treatments.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Ouedraogo, Dieu-Donne", "Tiendrebeogo, Wendlassida Joelle Stephanie", "Kabore, Fulgence", "Ntsiba, Honore"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472461", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises a real public health problem. COVID-19 appeared in Wuhan (Hubei province) in China. Drugs that have been used in rheumatology for decades seem to be effective in this infection and are for the most part being studied. The rational use of these anti-rheumatic drugs is based on the cytokinic storm (hyperproduction of IL1, IL6, TNF \u03b1) in the body by COVID-19 in its severe form. In this review, the authors make the difference between the infectious and auto-inflammatory part of COVID-19; the disease does not seem to be a risk factor for admission to the intensive care unit for patients suffering from inflammatory rheumatism; however, the poverty of studies on this subject should be noted. The authors also review anti-rheumatic drugs while studying COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32234466, "pmcid": "PMC7139247", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current status and future perspectives.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Li, Heng", "Liu, Shang-Ming", "Yu, Xiao-Hua", "Tang, Shi-Lin", "Tang, Chao-Ke"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234466", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, Central China, and has spread quickly to 72 countries to date. COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [previously provisionally known as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)]. At present, the newly identified SARS-CoV-2 has caused a large number of deaths with tens of thousands of confirmed cases worldwide, posing a serious threat to public health. However, there are no clinically approved vaccines or specific therapeutic drugs available for COVID-19. Intensive research on the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms and epidemiological characteristics and to identify potential drug targets, which will contribute to the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies. Hence, this review will focus on recent progress regarding the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and the characteristics of COVID-19, such as the aetiology, pathogenesis and epidemiological characteristics."}, {"pmid": 32487093, "pmcid": "PMC7266426", "title": "The urgency of utilizing COVID-19 biospecimens for research in the heart of the global pandemic.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Osman, Iman", "Cotzia, Paolo", "Moran, Una", "Donnelly, Douglas", "Arguelles-Grande, Carolina", "Mendoza, Sandra", "Moreira, Andre"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487093", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and consequent social distancing practices have disrupted essential clinical research functions worldwide. Ironically, this coincides with an immediate need for research to comprehend the biology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the pathology of COVID-19. As the global crisis has already led to over 15,000 deaths out of 175,000 confirmed cases in New York City and Nassau County, NY alone, it is increasingly urgent to collect patient biospecimens linked to active clinical follow up. However, building a COVID-19 biorepository amidst the active pandemic is a complex and delicate task. To help facilitate rapid, robust, and regulated research on this novel virus, we report on the successful model implemented by New York University Langone Health (NYULH) within days of outbreak in the most challenging hot spot of infection globally. Using an amended institutional biobanking protocol, these efforts led to accrual of 11,120 patients presenting for SARS-CoV-2 testing, 4267 (38.4%) of whom tested positive for COVID-19. The recently reported genomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in the New York City Region, which is a crucial development in tracing sources of infection and asymptomatic spread of the novel virus, is the first outcome of this effort. While this growing resource actively supports studies of the New York outbreak in real time, a worldwide effort is necessary to build a collective arsenal of research tools to deal with the global crisis now, and to exploit the virus's biology for translational innovation that outlasts humanity's current dilemma."}, {"pmid": 32401343, "pmcid": "PMC7272832", "title": "Evaluating the efficiency of specimen pooling for PCR-based detection of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn", "Kaewpom, Thongchai", "Ampoot, Weenassarin", "Ghai, Siriporn", "Khamhang, Worrawat", "Worachotsueptrakun, Kanthita", "Wanthong, Phanni", "Nopvichai, Chatchai", "Supharatpariyakorn, Thirawat", "Putcharoen, Opass", "Paitoonpong, Leilani", "Suwanpimolkul, Gompol", "Jantarabenjakul, Watsamon", "Hemachudha, Pasin", "Krichphiphat, Artit", "Buathong, Rome", "Plipat, Tanarak", "Hemachudha, Thiravat"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401343", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the age of a pandemic, such as the ongoing one caused by SARS-CoV-2, the world faces a limited supply of tests, personal protective equipment, and factories and supply chains are struggling to meet the growing demands. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of specimen pooling for testing of SARS-CoV-2 virus, to determine whether costs and resource savings could be achieved without impacting the sensitivity of the testing. Ten previously tested nasopharyngeal and throat swab specimens by real-time PCR, were pooled for testing, containing either one or two known positive specimens of varying viral concentrations. Specimen pooling did not affect the sensitivity of detecting SARS-CoV-2 when the PCR cycle threshold (Ct) of original specimen was lower than 35. In specimens with low viral load (Ct>35), 2 out of 15 pools (13.3%) were false negative. Pooling specimens to test for COVID-19 infection in low prevalence (\u22641%) areas or in low risk populations can dramatically decrease the resource burden on laboratory operations by up to 80%. This paves the way for large-scale population screening, allowing for assured policy decisions by governmental bodies to ease lockdown restrictions in areas with a low incidence of infection, or with lower risk populations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32447637, "pmcid": "PMC7245575", "title": "Perforated Marginal Ulcer in a COVID-19 Patient. Laparoscopy in these Trying Times?", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Galvez, A", "King, K", "El Chaar, M", "Claros, L"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447637", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333914, "pmcid": "PMC7175894", "title": "A possible role for B cells in COVID-19? Lesson from patients with agammaglobulinemia.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Quinti, Isabella", "Lougaris, Vassilios", "Milito, Cinzia", "Cinetto, Francesco", "Pecoraro, Antonio", "Mezzaroma, Ivano", "Mastroianni, Claudio Maria", "Turriziani, Ombretta", "Bondioni, Maria Pia", "Filippini, Matteo", "Soresina, Annarosa", "Spadaro, Giuseppe", "Agostini, Carlo", "Carsetti, Rita", "Plebani, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333914", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344168, "pmcid": "PMC7182747", "title": "Early diagnosis and rapid isolation: response to COVID-19 outbreak in Korea.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Peck, K R"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344168", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360389, "pmcid": "PMC7187822", "title": "Programmatic Responses to the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Survey of 502 Cardiac Surgeons.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Seese, Laura", "Aranda-Michel, Edgar", "Sultan, Ibrahim", "Morell, Victor O", "Mathier, Michael A", "Mulukutla, Suresh R", "Saba, Samir", "Dueweke, Eric J", "Levenson, Joshua E", "Kilic, Arman"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360389", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366299, "pmcid": "PMC7196882", "title": "Early recovery following new onset anosmia during the COVID-19 pandemic - an observational cohort study.", "journal": "J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Hopkins, Claire", "Surda, Pavol", "Whitehead, Emily", "Kumar, B Nirmal"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366299", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A rapidly evolving evidence suggests that smell and taste disturbance are common symptoms in COVID-19 infection. As yet there are no reports on duration and recovery rates. We set out to characterise patients reporting new onset smell and taste disturbance during the COVID-19 pandemic and report on early recovery rates. Online Survey of patients reporting self-diagnosed new onset smell and taste disturbance during the COVID-19 pandemic, with 1 week follow-up. Three hundred eighty-two patents completed bot an initial and follow-up survey. 86.4% reported complete anosmia and a further 11.5% a very severe loss of smell at the time of completing the first survey. At follow-up 1 week later, there is already significant improvement in self-rating of severity of olfactory loss. 80.1% report lower severity scores at follow-up, 17.6% are unchanged and 1.9% are worse. 11.5% already report compete resolution at follow up, while 17.3% report persistent complete loss of smell, with reported duration being 1 to over 4\u2009weeks. This is reflected in the overall cumulative improvement rate of 79% patients overall in the interval between surveys. A review of the growing evidence base supports the likelihood that out cohort have suffered olfactory loss as part of COVID-19 infection. While early recovery rates are encouraging, long term rates will need to be further investigated and there may be an increase in patients with persistent post-viral loss as a result of the pandemic. We further call for loss of sense of smell to be formerly recognised as a marker of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32414646, "pmcid": "PMC7201239", "title": "ACE2 receptor polymorphism: Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, hypertension, multi-organ failure, and COVID-19 disease outcome.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Devaux, Christian A", "Rolain, Jean-Marc", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414646", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged in Chinese people in December 2019 and has currently spread worldwide causing the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 150,000 deaths. In order for a SARS-CoV like virus circulating in wild life for a very long time to infect the index case-patient, a number of conditions must be met, foremost among which is the encounter with humans and the presence in homo sapiens of a cellular receptor allowing the virus to bind. Recently it was shown that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, binds to the human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This molecule is a peptidase expressed at the surface of lung epithelial cells and other tissues, that regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Humans are not equal with respect to the expression levels of the cellular ACE2. Moreover, ACE2 polymorphisms were recently described in human populations. Here we review the most recent evidence that ACE2 expression and/or polymorphism could influence both the susceptibility of people to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the outcome of the COVID-19 disease. Further exploration of the relationship between the virus, the peptidase function of ACE2 and the levels of angiotensin II in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients should help to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease and the multi-organ failures observed in severe COVID-19 cases, particularly heart failure."}, {"pmid": 32515337, "title": "[Remdesivir til behandling af COVID-19-pneumoni].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Benfiels, Thomas", "Jensen, Thomas Ostergaard", "Johansen, Isik Somuncu", "Nielsen, Henrik", "Wiese, Lothar", "Ostergaard, Lars", "Lundgren, Jens"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515337", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489175, "pmcid": "PMC7268274", "title": "Letter to the editor: SARS-CoV-2 detection by real-time RT-PCR.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Pillonel, Trestan", "Scherz, Valentin", "Jaton, Katia", "Greub, Gilbert", "Bertelli, Claire"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489175", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488726, "pmcid": "PMC7266411", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: a potential trigger for subacute thyroiditis? Insights from a case report.", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Ippolito, S", "Dentali, F", "Tanda, M L"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488726", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520286, "title": "Factors associated with people's behavior in social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Bezerra, Anselmo Cesar Vasconcelos", "Silva, Carlos Eduardo Menezes da", "Soares, Fernando Ramalho Gameleira", "Silva, Jose Alexandre Menezes da"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520286", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper presents the results of an opinion poll conducted in Brazil on the perception of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire was prepared on Google Forms, disseminated through social networks, with questions about the socioeconomic profile and factors associated with isolation. A non-probabilistic sample was obtained with 16,440 respondents. Data were analyzed using the Stata 13 software. Social interaction was the most affected aspect among people with higher education and income (45.8%), and financial problems caused a more significant impact (35%) among people with low income and education. Those who practice some physical activity showed lower levels of stress 13%, as well as greater normality in sleep 50.3%. People who reported living in worse habitability conditions reported willingness to remain isolated for less time, 73.9%. Among non-isolated people (10.7% of the total sample), 75.8% believe that social isolation will reduce the number of victims of COVID-19. We conclude, based on this sample, that the perception about social isolation as a pandemic mitigation action varies by income, education, age, and gender. However, most believe that it is the most appropriate control measure and are willing to wait as long as necessary to contribute to the fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32407151, "title": "Recovery of Elective Facial Plastic Surgery in the Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era: Recommendations from the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery Task Force.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Unadkat, Samit N", "Andrews, Peter J", "Bertossi, Dario", "D'Souza, Alwyn", "Joshi, Anil", "Shandilya, Munish", "Saleh, Hesham A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407151", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread disruption to routine surgical services across the globe. As the peak of the initial pandemic passes, surgeons will increasingly resume elective work to address the backlog. Whilst urgent cases such as cancer work will be prioritized, the safe resumption of facial plastic surgery will remain an ongoing challenge; particularly if there are secondary waves of infection. Rhinoplasty and nasal reconstructive surgery in particular poses a unique challenge to address due to the due to the potential for aerosolizing the virus. A task force of facial plastic surgeons from the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery has collaborated to create this document detailing recommendations for resuming a safe facial plastic surgery practice. These include the need to embrace telemedicine, advice on surgical prioritization, planning of clinical area flow plans, advice on pre-/peri- and postoperative care as well as recommendations on training for residents and well-being for surgeons. The recommendations have been made in line with the best available evidence in the literature and are applicable to facial plastic surgery colleagues from around the world in order to resume a safe practice."}, {"pmid": 32052064, "pmcid": "PMC7052000", "title": "Outbreak of COVID-19 - an urgent need for good science to silence our fears?", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Lum, Lionel Hon Wai", "Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32052064", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353349, "pmcid": "PMC7185934", "title": "Estimation of COVID-19 burden in Egypt.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Negida, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353349", "countries": ["Egypt"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302994, "pmcid": "PMC7164324", "title": "Editorial. A neurosurgery resident's response to COVID-19: anything but routine.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Choi, Bryan D"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302994", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268458, "pmcid": "PMC7142000", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Infectivity, and the Incubation Period.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268458", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383530, "pmcid": "PMC7267365", "title": "Cognitive-behavioral therapy in the time of coronavirus: Clinician tips for working with eating disorders via telehealth when face-to-face meetings are not possible.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Waller, Glenn", "Pugh, Matthew", "Mulkens, Sandra", "Moore, Elana", "Mountford, Victoria A", "Carter, Jacqueline", "Wicksteed, Amy", "Maharaj, Aryel", "Wade, Tracey D", "Wisniewski, Lucene", "Farrell, Nicholas R", "Raykos, Bronwyn", "Jorgensen, Susanne", "Evans, Jane", "Thomas, Jennifer J", "Osenk, Ivana", "Paddock, Carolyn", "Bohrer, Brittany", "Anderson, Kristen", "Turner, Hannah", "Hildebrandt, Tom", "Xanidis, Nikos", "Smit, Vera"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383530", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic has led to a dramatically different way of working for many therapists working with eating disorders, where telehealth has suddenly become the norm. However, many clinicians feel ill equipped to deliver therapy via telehealth, while adhering to evidence-based interventions. This article draws together clinician experiences of the issues that should be attended to, and how to address them within a telehealth framework. Seventy clinical colleagues of the authors were emailed and invited to share their concerns online about how to deliver cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders (CBT-ED) via telehealth, and how to adapt clinical practice to deal with the problems that they and others had encountered. After 96\u2009hr, all the suggestions that had been shared by 22 clinicians were collated to provide timely advice for other clinicians. A range of themes emerged from the online discussion. A large proportion were general clinical and practical domains (patient and therapist concerns about telehealth; technical issues in implementing telehealth; changes in the environment), but there were also specific considerations and clinical recommendations about the delivery of CBT-ED methods. Through interaction and sharing of ideas, clinicians across the world produced a substantial number of recommendations about how to use telehealth to work with people with eating disorders while remaining on track with evidence-based practice. These are shared to assist clinicians over the period of changed practice."}, {"pmid": 32473107, "pmcid": "PMC7241370", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Precautions: What the MRI Suite Should Know.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Kooraki, Soheil", "Hosseiny, Melina", "Raman, Steven S", "Myers, Lee", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473107", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277171, "title": "For Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the end will have to wait.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277171", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320535, "pmcid": "PMC7264790", "title": "Mesenchymal stem cells as a potential treatment for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Stem Cells Transl Med", "authors": ["Ji, Fanpu", "Li, Liya", "Li, Zongfang", "Jin, Yan", "Liu, Wenjia"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320535", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391877, "pmcid": "PMC7239100", "title": "Characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Shi, Shaobo", "Qin, Mu", "Cai, Yuli", "Liu, Tao", "Shen, Bo", "Yang, Fan", "Cao, Sheng", "Liu, Xu", "Xiang, Yaozu", "Zhao, Qinyan", "Huang, He", "Yang, Bo", "Huang, Congxin"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391877", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We enrolled 671 eligible hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 from 1 January to 23 February 2020, with a median age of 63 years. Clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected and compared between patients who died and survivors. Risk factors of death and myocardial injury were analysed using multivariable regression models. A total of 62 patients (9.2%) died, who more often had myocardial injury (75.8% vs. 9.7%; P < 0.001) than survivors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of initial cardiac troponin I (cTnI) for predicting in-hospital mortality was 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87-0.96; sensitivity, 0.86; specificity, 0.86; P < 0.001]. The single cut-off point and high level of cTnI predicted risk of in-hospital death, hazard ratio (HR) was 4.56 (95% CI, 1.28-16.28; P = 0.019) and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.07-1.46; P = 0.004), respectively. In multivariable logistic regression, senior age, comorbidities (e.g. hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic renal failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and high level of C-reactive protein were predictors of myocardial injury. The risk of in-hospital death among patients with severe COVID-19 can be predicted by markers of myocardial injury, and was significantly associated with senior age, inflammatory response, and cardiovascular comorbidities."}, {"pmid": 32134861, "pmcid": "PMC7153464", "title": "The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Wu, Yi-Chi", "Chen, Ching-Sung", "Chan, Yu-Jiun"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32134861", "countries": ["Thailand", "Korea, Republic of", "Philippines", "China", "Japan", "Viet Nam", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, a previous unidentified coronavirus, currently named as the 2019 novel coronavirus#, emerged from Wuhan, China, and resulted in a formidable outbreak in many cities in China and expanded globally, including Thailand, Republic of Korea, Japan, United States, Philippines, Viet Nam, and our country (as of 2/6/2020 at least 25 countries). The disease is officially named as Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19, by WHO on February 11, 2020). It is also named as Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens on January 15, 2019 by the Taiwan CDC, the Ministry of Health and is a notifiable communicable disease of the fifth category. COVID-19 is a potential zoonotic disease with low to moderate (estimated 2%-5%) mortality rate. Person-to-person transmission may occur through droplet or contact transmission and if there is a lack of stringent infection control or if no proper personal protective equipment available, it may jeopardize the first-line healthcare workers. Currently, there is no definite treatment for COVID-19 although some drugs are under investigation. To promptly identify patients and prevent further spreading, physicians should be aware of the travel or contact history of the patient with compatible symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32307780, "pmcid": "PMC7264772", "title": "Children may be less affected than adults by novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Paediatr Child Health", "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307780", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376901, "pmcid": "PMC7201395", "title": "Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Merad, Miriam", "Martin, Jerome C"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376901", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 has led to more than 200,000 deaths worldwide. Several studies have now established that the hyperinflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2 is a major cause of disease severity and death in infected patients. Macrophages are a population of innate immune cells that sense and respond to microbial threats by producing inflammatory molecules that eliminate pathogens and promote tissue repair. However, a dysregulated macrophage response can be damaging to the host, as is seen in the macrophage activation syndrome induced by severe infections, including in infections with the related virus SARS-CoV. Here we describe the potentially pathological roles of macrophages during SARS-CoV-2 infection and discuss ongoing and prospective therapeutic strategies to modulate macrophage activation in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32173574, "pmcid": "PMC7194638", "title": "Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yang, Jing", "Zheng, Ya", "Gou, Xi", "Pu, Ke", "Chen, Zhaofeng", "Guo, Qinghong", "Ji, Rui", "Wang, Haojia", "Wang, Yuping", "Zhou, Yongning"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173574", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, China; the epidemic is more widespread than initially estimated, with cases now confirmed in multiple countries. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of comorbidities in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients and the risk of underlying diseases in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. A literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science through February 25, 2020. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models. Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 1 576 infected patients. The results showed the most prevalent clinical symptom was fever (91.3%, 95% CI: 86-97%), followed by cough (67.7%, 95% CI: 59-76%), fatigue (51.0%, 95% CI: 34-68%) and dyspnea (30.4%, 95% CI: 21-40%). The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (21.1%, 95% CI: 13.0-27.2%) and diabetes (9.7%, 95% CI: 7.2-12.2%), followed by cardiovascular disease (8.4%, 95% CI: 3.8-13.8%) and respiratory system disease (1.5%, 95% CI: 0.9-2.1%). When compared between severe and non-severe patients, the pooled OR of hypertension, respiratory system disease, and cardiovascular disease were 2.36 (95% CI: 1.46-3.83), 2.46 (95% CI: 1.76-3.44) and 3.42 (95% CI: 1.88-6.22) respectively. We assessed the prevalence of comorbidities in the COVID-19 patients and found that underlying disease, including hypertension, respiratory system disease and cardiovascular disease, may be risk factors for severe patients compared with non-severe patients."}, {"pmid": 32375574, "pmcid": "PMC7232887", "title": "Repurposing of chloroquine and some clinically approved antiviral drugs as effective therapeutics to prevent cellular entry and replication of coronavirus.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Adeoye, Akinwunmi O", "Oso, Babatunde Joseph", "Olaoye, Ige Francis", "Tijjani, Habibu", "Adebayo, Ahmed I"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375574", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The reemergence of coronavirus prompts the need for the development of effective therapeutics to prevent the cellular entry and replication of coronavirus. This study demonstrated the putative inhibitory potential of lopinavir, remdesivir, oseltamir, azithromycin, ribavirin, and chloroquine towards V-ATPase, protein kinase A, SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein/ACE-2 complex and viral proteases. The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties were predicted through the pkCSM server while the corresponding binding affinity of the selected drugs towards the proteins was computed using AutodockVina Screening tool. The ADMET properties revealed all the drugs possess drug-like properties. Lopinavir has the highest binding affinities to the pocket site of SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein/ACE-2 complex, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A and 3-Chymotrypsin like protease while redemsivir has the highest binding affinities for vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) and papain-like proteins. The amino acids Asp269, Leu370, His374, and His345 were predicted as the key residues for lopinavir binding to human SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein/ACE-2 complex while His378, Tyr515, Leu73, Leu100, Phe32 and Phe40 for remdesivir and Tyr510, Phe504, Met62, Tyr50, and His378 were predicted for azithromycin as the key residues for binding to SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein/ACE-2 complex. Moreover, it was also observed that chloroquine has appreciable binding affinities for 3-Chymotrpsin- like protease and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A when compared to Oseltamivir and ribavirin. The study provided evidence suggesting putative repurposing of the selected drugs for the development of valuable drugs for the prevention of cellular entry and replication of coronavirus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32113991, "pmcid": "PMC7154515", "title": "Trend and forecasting of the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Li, Qiang", "Feng, Wei", "Quan, Ying-Hui"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113991", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444743, "pmcid": "PMC7243239", "title": "Why re-invent the wheel if you've run out of road?", "journal": "Br Dent J", "authors": ["Hurley, Sara"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444743", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 disruption to 'business as usual' presents an opportunity for a profound change in oral healthcare experience for our patients and our profession. While the prospect of change has dominated professional dialogue for years, the post-COVID-19 era offers choices with respect to pace, proximity, preparedness, protection and equity. There is potential for a determined revision of the current activity-driven clinical approach, with the adoption of the minimally invasive oral care philosophy into routine practice and use of technology to remotely support our patients. Throughout COVID-19, the whole of the dental profession has demonstrated adaptability in redeployment and compassion in delivering care in a variety of settings. These vital traits and bold clinical leadership, prepared to make timely choices and act fast, will underpin our successful transition towards the safe resumption of routine dental services. In making the right choices, we have at hand a future integrated dental team care model with time to concentrate on personalised prevention advice, as well as the provision of effective, highly skilled treatment."}, {"pmid": 32453411, "title": "The effectiveness of full and partial travel bans against COVID-19 spread in Australia for travellers from China during and after the epidemic peak in China.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Costantino, Valentina", "Heslop, David J", "MacIntyre, C Raina"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453411", "countries": ["China", "Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Australia implemented a travel ban on China on February 1st 2020, while COVID-19 was largely localised to China. We modelled three scenarios to test the impact of travel bans on epidemic control. Scenario one was no ban, scenario two and three were the current ban followed by a full or partial lifting (allow over 100\u2009000 university students to enter Australia, but not tourists) from the 8th of March 2020. We used disease incidence data from China and air travel passenger movements between China and Australia during and after the epidemic peak in China, derived from incoming passenger arrival cards. We used the estimated incidence of disease in China, using data on expected proportion of under-ascertainment of cases, and an age specific deterministic model to model the epidemic in each scenario. The modelled epidemic with the full ban fitted the observed incidence of cases well, predicting 57 cases on March 6th in Australia, compared to 66 observed on this date, however we did not account for imported cases from other countries. The modelled impact without a travel ban results in more than 2000 cases and about 400 deaths, if the epidemic remained localised to China and no importations from other countries occurred. The full travel ban reduced cases by about 86%, while the impact of a partial lifting of the ban is minimal, and may be a policy option. Travel restrictions were highly effective for containing the COVID-19 epidemic in Australia during the epidemic peak in China and averted a much larger epidemic at a time when COVID-19 was largely localised to China. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of travel bans applied to countries with high disease incidence. This research can inform decisions on placing or lifting travel bans as a control measure for the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32414693, "pmcid": "PMC7198182", "title": "Interleukin-6 levels in children developing SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Pediatr Neonatol", "authors": ["Soraya, Gita Vita", "Ulhaq, Zulvikar Syambani"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414693", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331795, "pmcid": "PMC7129789", "title": "[Clinical involvement and symptoms of patients older than 65 years with COVID-19].", "journal": "Aten Primaria", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Silva, Yolanda", "Bahillo Marcos, Esther", "Martin Gutierrez, Ruperto", "Merino, Mateo Martin"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331795", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374537, "title": "[SARS-CoV-2, a point in the storm].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Tadini, Eliana", "Papamidimitriou-Olivgeris, Matthaios", "Opota, Onya", "Moulin, Estelle", "Lamoth, Frederic", "Manuel, Oriol", "Lhopitallier, Loic", "Jaton, Katia", "Croxatto, Antony", "Grandbastien, Bruno", "Senn, Laurence", "Guery, Benoit"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374537", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its emergence in December 2019, scientific knowledge about the SARS-CoV-2 virus has evolved rapidly but, due to the complexity and novelty of this infection and its political and economic stakes, much remains to be clarified. Thousands of studies have already been published and scientific research is constantly evolving. In this multitude of information, we offer an update of the knowledge currently available. A limitation of the propagation, the understanding of the functioning of the virus and its clinical manifestations, the administration of specific treatments, rapid and reliable diagnostic tools are the basis of the fight against this germ, which is still little known today."}, {"pmid": 32437244, "title": "Let's talk about sex in the context of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Appl Physiol (1985)", "authors": ["Gargaglioni, Luciane H", "Marques, Danuzia A"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437244", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In recent months, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has sent many countries into crisis. Studies have shown that this virus causes worse outcomes and a higher mortality in men than in women. It has been recognized that sex can affect the immune response to a pathogenic agent, as well as the susceptibility for some respiratory diseases. These different responses in males and females may be related to the actions of sex hormones. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) acts as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19. The expression of ACE2 is influenced by sex hormones; therefore, we discuss in this article that this could be one of the reasons why COVID-19 is more prevalent in men than in women."}, {"pmid": 32392377, "title": "COVID-19: Generate and apply local modelled Transmission and Morbidity effects to provide an estimate of the variation in overall Relative Healthcare Resource Impact at General Practice Granularity.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Stedman, Mike", "Lunt, Mark", "Davies, Mark", "Gibson, Martin", "Heald, Adrian"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392377", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the name given to the 2019 novel coronavirus. COVID-19 is the name given to the disease associated with the virus. SARS-CoV-2 is a new strain of coronavirus not been previously identified in humans. Two key factors, case incidence and case morbidity were analysed for England. When taken together they give an estimate of relative demand on healthcare utilisation. To analyse case incidence, the latest values for indicators that could be associated with infection transmission rates were collected from the Office of National Statistics (ONS) and Quality Outcome Framework (QOF) sources. These included population density, %age>16, at fulltime work/education, %age over 60, %BME ethnicity, social deprivation as IMD2019, location as latitude/longitude, and patient engagement as %self-confident in their own long-term condition management. Average case morbidity was calculated. To provide a comparative measure of overall healthcare resource impact, individual GP practice impact scores were compared against the median practice. The case incidence regression is a dynamic situation but it currently shows that Urban, %Working and age>60 were the strongest determinants of case incidence. The local population comorbidity remains unchanged. The range of relative healthcare impact was wide with 80% of practices falling at 20%-250% of the national median. Once practice population numbers were included we found that the top 33% of GP practices supporting 45% of the patient population would require 68% of COVID-19 healthcare resources. The model provides useful information about the relative impact of Covid-19 on healthcare workload at GP practice granularity in all parts of England. Covid-19 is impacting on the utilisation of health/social care resources across the world. This model provides a way of predicting relative local levels of disease burden based on defined criteria, thereby providing a method for targeting limited care resources to optimise national/regional/local responses to the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32279554, "title": "Leadership in the time of crisis.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Foster, Sam"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279554", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, considers what leaders need to do in this time of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32393591, "title": "COVID-19 and lung transplant patients.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Tsuang, Wayne M", "Budev, Marie M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393591", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a novel respiratory disease leading to high rates of acute respiratory failure requiring hospital admission. It is unclear if specific patient populations such as lung transplant patients are at higher risk for COVID-19. Some reports suggest that transplant patients may not be at higher risk if proper social distancing and preventive measures are employed. Efforts to ensure the safety of wait-listed patients, transplant recipients, and healthcare workers are underway. Recommendations for the care of lung transplant patients during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed and will likely change as the pandemic evolves."}, {"pmid": 32301749, "title": "Analytical performances of a chemiluminescence immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG and antibody kinetics.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Padoan, Andrea", "Cosma, Chiara", "Sciacovelli, Laura", "Faggian, Diego", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301749", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Coronavirus disease 2019, abbreviated to COVID-19, represents an emerging health threat worldwide as, after initial reports in China, it has continued to spread rapidly. The clinical spectrum of the disease varies from mild to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Moreover, many patients can be asymptomatic, thus increasing the uncertainty of the diagnostic work-up. Laboratory tests play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19, the current gold standard being real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) on respiratory tract specimens. However, the diagnostic accuracy of rRT-PCR depends on many pre-analytical and analytical variables. The measurement of specific COVID-19 antibodies (both IgG and IgM) should serve as an additional, non-invasive tool for disease detection and management. Methods The imprecision of the MAGLUMI\u2122 2000 Plus 2019-nCov IgM and IgG assays (Snibe, Shenzhen, China) was assessed by adopting the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP15-A3 protocol. Linearity of dilution and recovery was evaluated by means of mixes of high-level pools and low-level pools of serum samples. Immunoglobulin time kinetics were evaluated using a series of serum samples, repeatedly collected from COVID-19-positive patients at different times, from <5 days up to 26-30 days. Results Findings at the analytical validation of the assay carried out according to the CLSI EP15-A3 guideline demonstrated that imprecision and repeatability were acceptable (repeatability was <4% and <6% for IgM and IgG, respectively, whilst intermediate imprecision was <6%). In addition, results of dilution and recovery studies were satisfactory. The kinetics of COVID-19 antibodies confirmed previously reported findings, showing a rapid increase of both IgM and IgG after 6-7 days from the symptom onset. IgG had 100% sensitivity on day 12, whilst 88% was the higher positive rate achieved for IgM after the same time interval. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrate the validity of the MAGLUMI 2000 Plus CLIA assay for the measurement of specific IgM and IgG in sera of COVID-19 patients, and for obtaining valuable data on the kinetics of both (IgM and IgG) COVID-19 antibodies. These data represent a pre-requisite for the appropriate utilization of specific antibodies for the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32310689, "title": "How Cyberpsychology and Virtual Reality Can Help Us to Overcome the Psychological Burden of Coronavirus.", "journal": "Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw", "authors": ["Riva, Giuseppe", "Wiederhold, Brenda K"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310689", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450109, "pmcid": "PMC7255131", "title": "Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: why might they be hazardous?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Funck-Brentano, Christian", "Salem, Joe-Elie"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450109", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271728, "pmcid": "PMC7147903", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children - United States, February 12-April 2, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271728", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 2, 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in >890,000 cases and >45,000 deaths worldwide, including 239,279 cases and 5,443 deaths in the United States (1,2). In the United States, 22% of the population is made up of infants, children, and adolescents aged <18 years (children) (3). Data from China suggest that pediatric COVID-19 cases might be less severe than cases in adults and that children might experience different symptoms than do adults (4,5); however, disease characteristics among pediatric patients in the United States have not been described. Data from 149,760 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in the United States occurring during February 12-April 2, 2020 were analyzed. Among 149,082 (99.6%) reported cases for which age was known, 2,572 (1.7%) were among children aged <18 years. Data were available for a small proportion of patients on many important variables, including symptoms (9.4%), underlying conditions (13%), and hospitalization status (33%). Among those with available information, 73% of pediatric patients had symptoms of fever, cough, or shortness of breath compared with 93% of adults aged 18-64 years during the same period; 5.7% of all pediatric patients, or 20% of those for whom hospitalization status was known, were hospitalized, lower than the percentages hospitalized among all adults aged 18-64 years (10%) or those with known hospitalization status (33%). Three deaths were reported among the pediatric cases included in this analysis. These data support previous findings that children with COVID-19 might not have reported fever or cough as often as do adults (4). Whereas most COVID-19 cases in children are not severe, serious COVID-19 illness resulting in hospitalization still occurs in this age group. Social distancing and everyday preventive behaviors remain important for all age groups as patients with less serious illness and those without symptoms likely play an important role in disease transmission (6,7)."}, {"pmid": 32253352, "title": "Preparing a neurology department for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): Early experiences at Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital in New York City.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Waldman, Genna", "Mayeux, Richard", "Claassen, Jan", "Agarwal, Sachin", "Willey, Joshua", "Anderson, Emily", "Punzalan, Patricia", "Lichtcsien, Ryan", "Bell, Michelle", "Przedborski, Serge", "Ulane, Christina", "Roberts, Kirk", "Williams, Olajide", "Lassman, Andrew B", "Lennihan, Laura", "Thakur, Kiran T"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253352", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499910, "pmcid": "PMC7256627", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Italy: ethical and organizational considerations.", "journal": "Multidiscip Respir Med", "authors": ["Nardini, Stefano", "Sanguinetti, Claudio M", "De Benedetto, Fernando", "Baccarani, Claudio", "Del Donno, Mario", "Polverino, Mario", "Annesi-Maesano, Isabella"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499910", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still raging in Italy. The country is currently plagued by a huge burden of virusrelated cases and deaths. So far, the disease has highlighted a number of problems, some in common with other Countries and others peculiar to Italy which has suffered from a mortality rate higher than that observed in China and in most Countries in the world. The causes must be sought not only in the average age of the population (one of the oldest in the world), but also in the inconsistencies of the regional health systems (into which the National Health System is divided) and their delayed response, at least in some areas. Ethical issues emerged from the beginning, ranging from restrictions on freedom of movements and restrictions on personal privacy due to the lockdown, further to the dilemma for healthcare professionals to select people for ICU hospitalization in a shortage of beds in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Organizational problems also emerged, although an official 2007 document from the Ministry of Health had planned not only what measures had to be taken during an epidemic caused by respiratory viruses, but also what had to be done in the inter-epidemic period (including the establishment of DPIs stocks and ventilators), vast areas of Italy were totally unprepared to cope with the disease, as a line of that document was not implemented. Since organizational problems can worsen (and even cause) ethical dilemmas, every effort should be made in the near future to prepare the health system to respond to a similar emergency in a joint, coherent, and homogeneous way across the Country, as planned in the 2007 document. In this perspective, Pulmonary Units and specialists can play a fundamental role in coping with the disease not only in hospitals, as intermediate care units, but also at a territorial level in an integrated network with GPs."}, {"pmid": 32455942, "title": "Potential Therapeutic Targeting of Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein Priming.", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Barile, Elisa", "Baggio, Carlo", "Gambini, Luca", "Shiryaev, Sergey A", "Pellecchia, Alex Y Strongin And Maurizio"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455942", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Processing of certain viral proteins and bacterial toxins by host serine proteases is a frequent and critical step in virulence. The coronavirus spike glycoprotein contains three (S1, S2, and S2') cleavage sites that are processed by human host proteases. The exact nature of these cleavage sites, and their respective processing proteases, can determine whether the virus can cross species and the level of pathogenicity. Recent comparisons of the genomes of the highly pathogenic SARS-CoV2 and MERS-CoV, with less pathogenic strains (e.g., Bat-RaTG13, the bat homologue of SARS-CoV2) identified possible mutations in the receptor binding domain and in the S1 and S2' cleavage sites of their spike glycoprotein. However, there remains some confusion on the relative roles of the possible serine proteases involved for priming. Using anthrax toxin as a model system, we show that in vivo inhibition of priming by pan-active serine protease inhibitors can be effective at suppressing toxicity. Hence, our studies should encourage further efforts in developing either pan-serine protease inhibitors or inhibitor cocktails to target SARS-CoV2 and potentially ward off future pandemics that could develop because of additional mutations in the S-protein priming sequence in coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32490801, "title": "How to Prevent and Manage Hospital-Based Infections During Coronavirus Outbreaks: Five Lessons from Taiwan.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Wang, C Jason", "Bair, Henry", "Yeh, Ching-Chuan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490801", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362721, "pmcid": "PMC7194741", "title": "Cyberpsychology research and COVID-19.", "journal": "Comput Human Behav", "authors": ["Guitton, Matthieu J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362721", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022Research in cyberpsychology is needed during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u2022COVID-19 elicits new challenges for cyrberpsychology research.\u2022Online technologies will be part of the solution to mitigate the crisis."}, {"pmid": 32081569, "pmcid": "PMC7129623", "title": "Community pharmacist in public health emergencies: Quick to action against the coronavirus 2019-nCoV outbreak.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Ung, Carolina Oi Lam"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32081569", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019-nCoV infection that is caused by a novel strain of coronavirus was first detected in China in the end of December 2019 and declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization on January 30, 2020. Community pharmacists in one of the first areas that had confirmed cases of the viral infection, Macau, joined the collaborative force in supporting the local health emergency preparedness and response arrangements. This paper aimed to improve the understanding of community pharmacists' role in case of 2019-CoV outbreak based on the practical experiences in consultation with the recommendations made by the International Pharmaceutical Federation on the Coronavirus 2019-nCoV outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32361070, "title": "Cardiovascular examination should also include peripheral arterial evaluation for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Reyes Valdivia, Andres", "Gomez Olmos, Cristina", "Ocana Guaita, Julia", "Gandarias Zuniga, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361070", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503918, "title": "Enhanced receptor binding of SARS-CoV-2 through networks of hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Wang, Yingjie", "Liu, Meiyi", "Gao, Jiali"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503918", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Molecular dynamics and free energy simulations have been carried out to elucidate the structural origin of differential protein-protein interactions between the common receptor protein angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the receptor binding domains of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [A. E. Gorbalenya et al., Nat. Microbiol. 5, 536-544 (2020)] that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [P. Zhou et al., Nature 579, 270-273 (2020)] and the SARS coronavirus in the 2002-2003 (SARS-CoV) [T. Kuiken et al., Lancet 362, 263-270 (2003)] outbreak. Analysis of the dynamic trajectories reveals that the binding interface consists of a primarily hydrophobic region and a delicate hydrogen-bonding network in the 2019 novel coronavirus. A key mutation from a hydrophobic residue in the SARS-CoV sequence to Lys417 in SARS-CoV-2 creates a salt bridge across the central hydrophobic contact region, which along with polar residue mutations results in greater electrostatic complementarity than that of the SARS-CoV complex. Furthermore, both electrostatic effects and enhanced hydrophobic packing due to removal of four out of five proline residues in a short 12-residue loop lead to conformation shift toward a more tilted binding groove in the complex in comparison with the SARS-CoV complex. On the other hand, hydrophobic contacts in the complex of the SARS-CoV-neutralizing antibody 80R are disrupted in the SARS-CoV-2 homology complex model, which is attributed to failure of recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by 80R."}, {"pmid": 32520122, "title": "Internet searches for measures to address COVID-19 in Brazil: a description of searches in the first 100 days of 2020.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Garcia Filho, Carlos", "Vieira, Luiza Jane Eyre de Souza", "Silva, Raimunda Magalhaes da"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520122", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "to describe profiles of interest of web search queries related to the Covid-19 epidemic in Brazil. this was a quantitative and exploratory study using Google Health Trends. We analyzed daily data of interest, defined as search probability (Pr), in 23 terms in searches performed by users connected in Brazil from January 1 to April 9, 2020. the peak in interest (Pr=0.0651) on the theme of coronavirus occurred on March 21. Interest in use of face masks (Pr=0.0041), social distancing (Pr=0.0043) and hand hygiene with alcohol gel (Pr=0.0037) was greater than interest in respiratory etiquette (Pr=0.0010) and hand hygiene with soap and water (Pr=0.0005). the difference in interest in issues related to combating Covid-19 was substantial and can guide new strategies for disseminating health information."}, {"pmid": 32335697, "pmcid": "PMC7183254", "title": "Management of orthopaedic and traumatology patients during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in northern Italy.", "journal": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "authors": ["Randelli, Pietro Simone", "Compagnoni, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335697", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article aims to share northern Italy's experience in hospital re-organization and management of clinical pathways for traumatic and orthopaedic patients in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Authors collected regional recommendations to re-organize the healthcare system during the initial weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in March, 2020. The specific protocols implemented in an orthopaedic hospital, selected as a regional hub for minor trauma, are analyzed and described in this article. Two referral centres were identified as the hubs for minor trauma to reduce the risk of overload in general hospitals. These two centres have specific features: an emergency room, specialized orthopaedic surgeons for joint diseases and trauma surgeons on-call 24/7. Patients with trauma without the need for a multi-disciplinary approach or needing non-deferrable elective orthopaedic surgery were moved to these hospitals. Authors report the internal protocols of one of these centres. All elective surgery was stopped, outpatient clinics limited to emergencies and specific pathways, ward and operating theatre dedicated to COVID-19-positive patients were implemented. An oropharyngeal swab was performed in the emergency room for all patients needing to be admitted, and patients were moved to a specific ward with single rooms to wait for the results. Specific courses were organized to demonstrate the correct use of personal protection equipment (PPE). The structure of the orthopaedic hubs, and the internal protocols proposed, could help to improve the quality of assistance for patients with musculoskeletal disorders and reduce the risk of overload in general hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32375234, "title": "Temperature Decreases Spread Parameters of the New Covid-19 Case Dynamics.", "journal": "Biology (Basel)", "authors": ["Demongeot, Jacques", "Flet-Berliac, Yannis", "Seligmann, Herve"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375234", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "(1) Background: The virulence of coronavirus diseases due to viruses like SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV decreases in humid and hot weather. The putative temperature dependence of infectivity by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 or covid-19 has a high predictive medical interest. (2) Methods: External temperature and new covid-19 cases in 21 countries and in the French administrative regions were collected from public data. Associations between epidemiological parameters of the new case dynamics and temperature were examined using an ARIMA model. (3) Results: We show that, in the first stages of the epidemic, the velocity of contagion decreases with country- or region-wise temperature. (4) Conclusions: Results indicate that high temperatures diminish initial contagion rates, but seasonal temperature effects at later stages of the epidemy remain questionable. Confinement policies and other eviction rules should account for climatological heterogeneities, in order to adapt the public health decisions to possible geographic or seasonal gradients."}, {"pmid": 32382146, "pmcid": "PMC7205026", "title": "Expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in human primary conjunctival and pterygium cell lines and in mouse cornea.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Ma, Di", "Chen, Chong-Bo", "Jhanji, Vishal", "Xu, Ciyan", "Yuan, Xiang-Ling", "Liang, Jia-Jian", "Huang, Yuqiang", "Cen, Ling-Ping", "Ng, Tsz Kin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382146", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the expressions of SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and type II transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) genes in human and mouse ocular cells and comparison to other tissue cells. Human conjunctiva and primary pterygium tissues were collected from pterygium patients who underwent surgery. The expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes was determined in human primary conjunctival and pterygium cells, human ocular and other tissue cell lines, mesenchymal stem cells as well as mouse ocular and other tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and SYBR green PCR. RT-PCR analysis showed consistent expression by 2 ACE2 gene primers in 2 out of 3 human conjunctival cells and pterygium cell lines. Expression by 2 TMPRSS2 gene primers could only be found in 1 out of 3 pterygium cell lines, but not in any conjunctival cells. Compared with the lung A549 cells, similar expression was noted in conjunctival and pterygium cells. In addition, mouse cornea had comparable expression of Tmprss2 gene and lower but prominent Ace2 gene expression compared with the lung tissue. Considering the necessity of both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 for SARS-CoV-2 infection, our results suggest that conjunctiva would be less likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, whereas pterygium possesses some possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection. With high and consistent expression of Ace2 and Tmprss2 in cornea, cornea rather than conjunctiva has higher potential to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. Precaution is necessary to prevent possible SARS-CoV-2 infection through ocular surface in clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32310688, "pmcid": "PMC7215091", "title": "Biological plausibility for interactions between dietary fat, resveratrol, ACE2, and SARS-CoV illness severity.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Horne, Justine R", "Vohl, Marie-Claude"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310688", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) cellular receptor is responsible for the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), thus impacting the entrance and clearance of the virus. Studies demonstrate that upregulation of ACE2 has a protective effect on SARS-CoV-2 illness severity. Moreover, animal studies demonstrate that dietary intake can modulate ACE2 gene expression and function. A high intake of resveratrol may have a protective role, upregulating ACE2, whereas a high intake of dietary fat may have a detrimental role, downregulating ACE2. As such, we postulate on the biological plausibility of interactions between dietary fat and/or resveratrol and ACE2 gene variations in the modulation of SARS-CoV-2 illness severity. We call to action the research community to test this plausible interaction in a sample of human subjects."}, {"pmid": 32412606, "pmcid": "PMC7229533", "title": "Respiratory Parameters in Patients With COVID-19 After Using Noninvasive Ventilation in the Prone Position Outside the Intensive Care Unit.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Sartini, Chiara", "Tresoldi, Moreno", "Scarpellini, Paolo", "Tettamanti, Andrea", "Carco, Francesco", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Zangrillo, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412606", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425479, "pmcid": "PMC7229929", "title": "MRI evaluation of the olfactory clefts in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection revealed an unexpected mechanism for olfactory function loss.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Eliezer, Michael", "Hautefort, Charlotte"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425479", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253178, "title": "Covid-19 and the rise of racism.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Coates, Melanie"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253178", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375200, "pmcid": "PMC7267505", "title": "Pneumomediastinum following intubation in COVID-19 patients: a case series.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Wali, A", "Rizzo, V", "Bille, A", "Routledge, T", "Chambers, A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375200", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of patients requiring tracheal intubation rose dramatically in March and April 2020 with the COVID-19 outbreak. Our thoracic surgery department has seen an increased incidence of severe pneumomediastinum referred for surgical opinion in intubated patients with COVID-19 pneumonitis. Here we present a series of five patients with severe pneumomediastinum requiring decompression therapy over a 7-day period in the current COVID-19 outbreak. We hypothesise that the mechanism for this is the aggressive disease pathophysiology with an increased risk of alveolar damage and tracheobronchial injury, along with the use of larger-bore tracheal tubes and higher ventilation pressures. We present this case series in order to highlight the increased risk of this potentially life-threatening complication among the COVID-19 patient cohort and offer guidance for its management to critical care physicians."}, {"pmid": 32456696, "pmcid": "PMC7250249", "title": "COVID-19 patients exhibit less pronounced immune suppression compared with bacterial septic shock patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Kox, Matthijs", "Frenzel, Tim", "Schouten, Jeroen", "van de Veerdonk, Frank L", "Koenen, Hans J P M", "Pickkers, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456696", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304491, "title": "COVID-19: guidance for infection prevention and control in nuclear medicine.", "journal": "Nucl Med Commun", "authors": ["Buscombe, John R", "Notghi, Alp", "Croasdale, Jilly", "Pandit, Manish", "O'Brien, Joseph", "Graham, Richard", "Redman, Stewart", "Vinjamuri, Sobhan"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304491", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This guidance document is a brief consensus document covering the range and breadth of nuclear medicine practice in the UK, and identifies a few steps individual nuclear medicine practitioners and departments can take in the best interests of their patients. This guidance document should be used to inform local practice and does not replace local Trust policies or any relevant legislation. At all times, the best interests of the patients should be paramount. Please read this guidance in conjunction with previous editorial (COVID-19- Nuclear Medicine Departments, be prepared! by Huang HL, Allie R, Gnanasegaran G, Bomanji. J Nucl Med Commun 2020; 41:297-299). Although some aspects of this guidance are time-sensitive due to the nature of the global emergency, we believe that there is still sufficient information to provide some key guiding principles."}, {"pmid": 32479164, "title": "COVID-19, Prison Visits, and the Value of a Cup of Coffee.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Doyle, Thomas J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479164", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497386, "title": "Reverse quarantine: Management of COVID-19 by Kerala with its higher number of aged population.", "journal": "Psychogeriatrics", "authors": ["Gulia, Kamalesh K", "Kumar, Velayudhan Mohan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497386", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467027, "pmcid": "PMC7242974", "title": "COVID-19 risk contagion: Organization and procedures in a South Italy geriatric oncology ward.", "journal": "J Geriatr Oncol", "authors": ["Gambardella, Claudio", "Pagliuca, Raffaele", "Pomilla, Giuseppe", "Gambardella, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467027", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492787, "title": "Reply: \"Vitamin D Supplementation in Influenza and COVID-19 Infections. Comment on: Evidence That Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths Nutrients 2020, 12(4), 988\".", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Grant, William B", "Baggerly, Carole A", "Lahore, Henry"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492787", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We thank Dr [...]."}, {"pmid": 32496914, "pmcid": "PMC7265881", "title": "Response by Zhang et al to Letter Regarding Article, \"Association of Inpatient Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers With Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized With COVID-19\".", "journal": "Circ Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Peng", "Zhu, Lihua", "Cai, Jingjing", "Lei, Fang", "Qin, Juan-Juan", "Wang, Yibin", "Yuan, Yufeng", "Rohit, Loomba", "Liu, Peter P", "Li, Hongliang"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496914", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342878, "pmcid": "PMC7194719", "title": "Recommendations for the use of radiation therapy in managing patients with gastrointestinal malignancies in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Tchelebi, Leila T", "Haustermans, Karin", "Scorsetti, Marta", "Hosni, Ali", "Huguet, Florence", "Hawkins, Maria A", "Dawson, Laura A", "Goodman, Karyn A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 6, 2020, there are over 1,200,000 reported cases and 70,000 deaths worldwide due to COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and these numbers rise exponentially by the day [1]. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the most effective means of minimizing the spread of the virus is through reducing interactions between individuals [2]. We performed a review of the literature, as well as national and international treatment guidelines, seeking data in support of the RADS principle (Remote visits, Avoid radiation, Defer radiation, Shorten radiation) [3] as it applies to gastrointestinal cancers. The purpose of the present work is to guide radiation oncologists managing patients with gastrointestinal cancers during the COVID-19 crisis in order to maintain the safety of our patients, while minimizing the impact of the pandemic on cancer outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32406778, "title": "Ultra-shortwave diathermy - a new purported treatment for management of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Physiother Theory Pract", "authors": ["Yu, Homer Peng-Ming", "Jones, Alice Ym", "Dean, E", "Liisa Laakso, E-"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406778", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has driven efforts to address the global threat to public health and there is increasing pressure to exploit interventions to manage the pneumonic inflammation manifested in this disease. Ultra-shortwave diathermy (USWD) is proposed by some rehabilitation professions in China, purportedly to minimise pneumonic inflammation. However, treatment of any symptomatic pneumonia should be evidence-based. There is no valid evidence, published in English, which establishes any benefit of USWD in pulmonary conditions, let alone COVID-19. The need for rigorous research and evidence-based practice is discussed in this article. Novel interventions require a solid physiological basis and must undergo rigorous testing prior to clinical adoption even during a pandemic. We are of the view that deployment of USWD in patients with COVID-19 must be prudent and supported by a logical scientific basis."}, {"pmid": 32307298, "pmcid": "PMC7162634", "title": "Severe cerebral involvement in adult-onset hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Radmanesh, Farid", "Rodriguez-Pla, Alicia", "Pincus, Michael D", "Burns, Joseph D"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307298", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) with cerebral involvement is challenging given the rarity of HLH and its resemblance to the much more common severe sepsis. Timely diagnosis and treatment may be lifesaving. We report two cases demonstrating different and rare forms of severe brain involvement in adult patients with HLH: acute necrotizing encephalopathy, and diffuse hemorrhagic disease due to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Severe HLH with brain involvement in adults is rare. HLH with cerebral involvement should be considered in patients presenting with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) but negative cultures and unusual or unexpectedly severe clinical and/or radiologic signs of cerebral dysfunction. Similar brain injury may occur in patients with cytokine storm syndrome due to COVID-19. BACKGROUND: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) presents with fevers, rash, organomegaly, cytopenia, and increased triglycerides and ferritin (Ramos-Casals et al., 2014) [1]. Neurologic abnormalities are reported in about one-third of patients (Cai et al., 2017), including a few cases of acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) (Xiujuan et al., 2015). Coagulation abnormalities are frequent in HLH patients (Valade et al., 2015). OBJECTIVE: To raise awareness about the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of HLH with neurological involvement to prevent serious complications and demise."}, {"pmid": 32315205, "title": "The Obstacle Course of Reperfusion for STEMI in the COVID-19 Pandemics.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Roffi, Marco", "Guagliumi, Giulio", "Ibanez, Borja"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315205", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234837, "title": "COVID-19 and non-communicable diseases.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Pal, Rimesh", "Bhadada, Sanjay K"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234837", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346358, "pmcid": "PMC7187843", "title": "COVID-19: When Leadership Calls.", "journal": "Nurse Lead", "authors": ["Shingler-Nace, Autum"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346358", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From the minute our organization received our first presumptive positive COVID-19 patient, and throughout our journey, many challenges and obstacles have been presented for health care leadership. Priorities are rapidly shifting, anxiety and fear are present, and knowing where to focus support is a challenge. As I sit and reflect on lessons learned throughout this experience, I can't help but continue to focus on frontline leadership and their important role in this entire process."}, {"pmid": 32516144, "title": "Low-cost Double Protective Barrier for Intubating Patients amid COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Marquez-GdeV, Javier A", "Lopez Bascope, Alberto", "Valanci-Aroesty, Sofia"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516144", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368569, "pmcid": "PMC7197239", "title": "The molecular biology of intracellular events during Coronavirus infection cycle.", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Jain, Juhi", "Gaur, Sharad", "Chaudhary, Yash", "Kaul, Rajeev"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368569", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "CoV-2 which is the causative agent of COVID-19 belongs to genus betacoronaviruses. The sequence analysis of S protein of CoV-2 has shown that it has acquired a 'polybasic cleavage site' consisting of 12 aminoacids that has been predicted to enable its cleavage by other cellular proteases possibly increasing its transmissibility. The aminoacids present in receptor binding domain of S protein of SARS CoV which are critical for its binding to cellular receptor are different in CoV-2. The presence of heptanucleotide slippery sequence in ORF1 resulting in ribosomal frameshifting, and presence of transcription regulatory sequences between ORFs resulting in discontinuous transcription, are peculiar features of Coronavirus infection cycle. The exonuclease activity of nsp14 provides possible proofreading ability to RNA polymerase makes coronaviruses different from other RNA viruses allowing coronaviruses to maintain their relatively large genome size. This mini-review summarizes the peculiar features of Coronaviruses genome and the critical events during the infection cycle with focus on CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32425663, "pmcid": "PMC7233246", "title": "Evidence and possible mechanisms of rare maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Egloff, Charles", "Vauloup-Fellous, Christelle", "Picone, Olivier", "Mandelbrot, Laurent", "Roques, Pierre"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425663", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread rapidly worldwide, data remains scarce about the natural history of infection in pregnant women and the risk of mother-to-fetal transmission. Current data indicates that viral RNA levels in maternal blood are low and there is no evidence of placental infection with SARS-CoV-2. Published reports to date suggest that perinatal transmission of SARSCoV- 2 can occur but is rare. Among 179 newborns tested for SARS-CoV2 at birth from mothers with COVID-19, transmission was suspected in 8 cases, 5 with positive nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and 3 with SARS-CoV-2 IgM. However, these cases arise from maternal infection close to childbirth and there are no information about exposition during first or second trimester of pregnancy. Welldesigned prospective cohort studies with rigorous judgement criteria are needed to determine the incidence and risk factors for perinatal transmission of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32313382, "pmcid": "PMC7164876", "title": "Can Global Pharmaceutical Supply Chains Scale Up Sustainably for the COVID-19 Crisis?", "journal": "Resour Conserv Recycl", "authors": ["Yu, Derrick Ethelbhert C", "Razon, Luis F", "Tan, Raymond R"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313382", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473074, "title": "Coronavirus confinement: a chance to learn on oral cancer. The Spanish experience.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Varela-Centelles, Pablo", "Lopez-Jornet, Pia", "Gonzalez-Mourelle, Alicia", "Seoane, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473074", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388011, "pmcid": "PMC7167577", "title": "Has there been an increased interest in smoking cessation during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic? A Google Trends study.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Heerfordt, C", "Heerfordt, I M"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388011", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402128, "pmcid": "PMC7273091", "title": "Telehealth in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Veteran and Military Beneficiaries.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Shura, Robert D", "Brearly, Timothy W", "Tupler, Larry A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402128", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332087, "title": "COVID-19 Hits Cancer Research Funding.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332087", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic stretches on, investigators are becoming increasingly concerned about longer-term effects on grants and funding for cancer research. Institutions and philanthropic organizations are especially likely to be hit hard by the economic crisis, with effects that will be particularly acute for early-career investigators."}, {"pmid": 32238000, "title": "Teledermatology: a useful tool to fight COVID-19.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Villani, Alessia", "Scalvenzi, Massimiliano", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238000", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308273, "pmcid": "PMC7161345", "title": "Winning Together: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infographic.", "journal": "J Emerg Trauma Shock", "authors": ["Stawicki, Stanislaw P", "Galwankar, Sagar C"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308273", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32102621, "pmcid": "PMC7054935", "title": "No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Shan-Lu", "Saif, Linda J", "Weiss, Susan R", "Su, Lishan"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32102621", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359930, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: A stress test for interventional radiology.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Imaging", "authors": ["Barral, M", "Dohan, A", "Marcelin, C", "Carteret, T", "Zurlinden, O", "Pialat, J-B", "Kastler, A", "Cornelis, F H"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359930", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505805, "title": "A snapshot of the Covid-19 pandemic among pregnant women in France.", "journal": "J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod", "authors": ["Kayem, Gilles", "Alessandrini, Vivien", "Azria, Elie", "Blanc, Julie", "Bohec, Caroline", "Bornes, Marie", "Bretelle, Florence", "Ceccaldi, Pierre-Francois", "Chalet, Yasmine", "Chauleur, Celine", "Cordier, Anne-Gael", "Deruelle, Philippe", "Desbriere, Raoul", "Doret, Muriel", "Dreyfus, Michel", "Driessen, Marine", "Fermaut, Marion", "Gallot, Denis", "Garabedian, Charles", "Huissoud, Cyril", "Lecarpentier, Edouard", "Luton, Dominique", "Morel, Olivier", "Perrotin, Franck", "Picone, Olivier", "Rozenberg, Patrick", "Schmitz, Thomas", "Sentilhes, Loic", "Sroussi, Jeremy", "Vayssiere, Christophe", "Verspyck, Eric", "Vivanti, Alexandre J", "Winer, Norbert"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505805", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the course over time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in French women from the beginning of the pandemic until mid-April, the risk profile of women with respiratory complications, and short-term pregnancy outcomes. We collected a case series of pregnant women with COVID-19 in a research network of 33 French maternity units between March 1 and April 14, 2020. All cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by a positive result on real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests of a nasal sample and/or diagnosed by a computed tomography chest scan were included and analyzed. The primary outcome measures were COVID-19 requiring oxygen (oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation) and critical COVID-19 (requiring invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMO). Demographic data, baseline comorbidities, and pregnancy outcomes were also collected. Active cases of COVID-19 increased exponentially during March 1-31, 2020; the numbers fell during April 1-14, after lockdown was imposed on March 17. The shape of the curve of active critical COVID-19 mirrored that of all active cases. By April 14, among the 617 pregnant women with COVID-19, 93 women (15.1%; 95%CI 12.3-18.1) had required oxygen therapy and 35 others (5.7%; 95%CI 4.0-7.8) had had a critical form of COVID-19. The severity of the disease was associated with age older than 35 years and obesity, as well as preexisting diabetes, previous preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. One woman with critical COVID-19 died (0.2%; 95%CI 0-0.9). Among the women who gave birth, rates of preterm birth in women with non-severe, oxygen-requiring, and critical COVID-19 were 13/123 (10.6%), 14/29 (48.3%), and 23/29 (79.3%) before 37 weeks and 3/123 (2.4%), 4/29 (13.8%), and 14/29 (48.3%) before 32 weeks, respectively. One neonate in the critical group died from prematurity. COVID-19 can be responsible for significant rates of severe acute, potentially deadly, respiratory distress syndromes. The most vulnerable pregnant women, those with comorbidities, may benefit particularly from prevention measures such as a lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32392945, "title": "[Comparison of pathological changes and pathogenic mechanisms caused by H1N1 influenza virus, highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and 2019-nCoV].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, M", "Feng, R E", "Li, Q", "Zhang, H K", "Wang, Y G"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392945", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466862, "pmcid": "PMC7211692", "title": "Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19, a review of the evidence and implications for pandemic management.", "journal": "Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp", "authors": ["Lop Gros, Joan", "Iglesias Coma, Mar", "Gonzalez Farre, Monica", "Serra Pujadas, Consol"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466862", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is debate as to whether olfactory dysfunction should be considered a symptom of COVID-19 infection. We undertook a systematic literature review of the articles indexed in PubMed on olfactory disorders in viral respiratory tract conditions, with special emphasis on COVID-19. The main objective was to find evidence of clinical interest to support the relationship between anosmia and COVID-19. Olfactory disorders in upper respiratory tract infections are frequent, most caused by obstruction due to oedema of the nasal mucosa. Occasionally, post-viral sensorineural olfactory dysfunction occurs, with a variable prognosis. The evidence on anosmia in COVID-19 patients is extremely limited, corresponding to a level 5 or D of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. According to the available evidence, it seems reasonable to apply isolation, hygiene and social distancing measures in patients with recent olfactory disorders as the only symptom, although the usefulness of diagnostic tests for this type of patient should be studied."}, {"pmid": 32423738, "pmcid": "PMC7183979", "title": "Fatal outcome of COVID-19 disease in a 5-month infant with comorbidities.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Climent, Francisco Jose", "Calvo, Cristina", "Garcia-Guereta, Luis", "Rodriguez-Alvarez, Diego", "Buitrago, Nelson Mauricio", "Perez-Martinez, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423738", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416787, "pmcid": "PMC7255139", "title": "Emergency ambulance services for heart attack and stroke during UK's COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Holmes, Jenny Lumley", "Brake, Simon", "Docherty, Mark", "Lilford, Richard", "Watson, Sam"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416787", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420954, "title": "Smell and taste dysfunction during the COVID-19 outbreak: a preliminary report.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Gelardi, Matteo", "Trecca, Eleonora", "Cassano, Michele", "Ciprandi, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420954", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, in Wuhan (China), health authorities reported several clusters of pneumo- nia of unknown cause, subsequently attributed to a novel coronavirus, identified as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2. Anosmia and dysgeusia have been reported as particular symptoms.4,5\u00a0 Notably, these sensory symptoms seem to have a peculiar trend, such as usually precede the onset of respiratory symp- toms. So, they have been defined as \"sentinel\" symptoms. We presented a series of COVID-19 patients. Anos- mia and dysgeusia frequently preceded respiratory complaints. Anosmia and dysgeusia seem to be short-lived and self-resolving in COVID-19, thus a neurotoxic effect swiftly disappearing and/or cytopathic damage could be hypothesized similarly to other viral infections."}, {"pmid": 32265510, "pmcid": "PMC7136748", "title": "Survey of ophthalmology practitioners in A&E on current COVID-19 guidance at three Major UK Eye Hospitals.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Minocha, Amal", "Sim, Sing Yue", "Than, Jonathan", "Vakros, Georgios"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265510", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360482, "title": "NSAIDs in patients with viral infections, including Covid-19: Victims or perpetrators?", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Capuano, Annalisa", "Scavone, Cristina", "Racagni, Giorgio", "Scaglione, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360482", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Taking anti-inflammatory drugs, including non-steroidal (NSAIDs), during Covid-19 infection, how much is risky? The French Minister of Health, who has raised an alarm on a possible risk deriving from the use of ibuprofen for the control of fever and other symptoms during the disease, opened the debate a few days ago. In this paper we examine available evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that had analysed the role of COX in the inflammatory process and the effects of NSAIDs in patients with infections. Most of the published studies that suggested not protective effects of NSAIDs were mainly performed in vitro or on animals. Therefore, their meaning in humans is to be considered with great caution. Based also on data suggesting protective effects of NSAIDs, we concluded that currently there is no evidence suggesting a correlation between NSAIDs and a worsening of infections. Further studies will be certainly needed to better define the role of NSAIDs and particularly COX2 inhibitors in patients with infections. In the meantime, we must wait for results of the revision started by the PRAC on May 2019 on the association ibuprofen/ketoprofen\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b and worsening of infections. Since nowadays no scientific evidence establishes a correlation between NSAIDS and worsening of COVID-19, patients should be advice against any NSAIDs self-medication when COVID-19 like symptoms are present."}, {"pmid": 32173287, "pmcid": "PMC7128649", "title": "Potential inhibitors against 2019-nCoV coronavirus M protease from clinically approved medicines.", "journal": "J Genet Genomics", "authors": ["Liu, Xin", "Wang, Xiu-Jie"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173287", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503817, "title": "Potential Antiviral Drugs for SARS-Cov-2 Treatment: Preclinical Findings and Ongoing Clinical Research.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Bimonte, Sabrina", "Crispo, Anna", "Amore, Alfonso", "Celentano, Egidio", "Cuomo, Arturo", "Cascella, Marco"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503817", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), initially termed 2019-new CoV (2019-nCoV), is a novel coronavirus responsible for the severe respiratory illness currently ongoing worldwide from the beginning of December 2019. This beta gene virus, very close to bat coronaviruses (bat-CoV-RaTG13) and bat-SL-CoVZC45, causes a severe disease, similar to those caused by Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and SARS-CoV viruses, featured by low to moderate mortality rate. Unfortunately, the antiviral drugs commonly used in clinical practice to treat viral infections, are not applicable to SARS-Cov-2 and no vaccine is available. Thus, it is extremely necessary to identify new drugs suitable for the treatment of the 2019-nCoV outbreak. Different preclinical studies conducted on other coronaviruses suggested that promising clinical outcomes for 2019-nCoV should be obtained by using alpha-interferon, chloroquine phosphate, arabinol, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Moreover, clinical trials with these suitable drugs should be performed on patients affected by SARS-Cov-2 to prove their efficacy and safety. Finally, a very promising therapeutic drug, tocilizumab, is discussed; it is currently used to treat patients presenting COVID-19 pneumonia. Herein, we recapitulate these experimental studies to highlight the use of antiviral drugs for the treatment of SARS-Cov-2 disease."}, {"pmid": 32511099, "title": "Human Factors Considerations in Using Personal Protective Equipment in the COVID-19 Pandemic Context: A Bi-national Survey Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Parush, Avi", "Wacht, Oren", "Gomes, Ricardo", "Frenkel, Amit"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511099", "countries": ["Portugal", "Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Full personal protective equipment (level 1 PPE) is used in various domains and contexts. Prior research has shown positive influences of such equipment on performance, comfort, and contamination levels. The COVID-19 pandemic forced a pervasive requirement of PPE, with little preparation, rushed deployment, inadequate time for training, and massive use by personnel who are inexperienced or not qualified in its effective use. This study aimed to examine the key human factors: physical and ergonomic, perceptual and cognitive, that influence the use of level 1 PPE when attending to suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. The research approach consisted of a short survey disseminated to healthcare professionals in two countries, Israel and Portugal, with similar demographics and healthcare systems. The survey included 10 items with a 5-point Likert Scale, regarding the key human factors involved in level 1 PPE, as identified in prior research. A total of 722 respondents from Israel and 301 respondents from Portugal were included in the analysis. All the respondents reported using level 1 PPE with COVID-19 patients in the range of several hours daily to several hours weekly. Cronbach's alpha was .73 for Israel, and .75 for Portugal. Responses showed high levels of difficulty, with medians of 4 for items related to discomfort, hearing and seeing, and doffing. A factor analysis showed a set of strongly related variables consisting of hearing, understanding speech, and understanding the situation. This suggests that degradation in communication was strongly associated with degradation in situational awareness. A subsequent mediation analysis showed a direct effect of PPE discomfort on situational awareness (P<.01); this was also influenced (mediated) by difficulties in communicating, namely in hearing and understanding speech. In 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic is paving the way for updating PPE design. The use of already deployed technology affords ample opportunities to improve, adapt, and overcome caveats. The findings here suggest that the use of level 1 PPE with COVID-19 patients has perceptual and cognitive effects, in addition to physical and ergonomic influences. Efforts should be taken to mitigate harmful effects of such influences, both regarding the performance of medical actions and the risk of contamination to healthcare workers. Such efforts involve the design of PPE; the introduction of technologies to enhance vision, hearing, and communicating during use of PPE; and training staff in using the equipment, and in effective communication and teamwork protocols. "}, {"pmid": 32358691, "pmcid": "PMC7194500", "title": "Radiographic severity index in COVID-19 pneumonia: relationship to age and sex in 783 Italian patients.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Borghesi, Andrea", "Zigliani, Angelo", "Masciullo, Roberto", "Golemi, Salvatore", "Maculotti, Patrizia", "Farina, Davide", "Maroldi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358691", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To improve the risk stratification of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an experimental chest X-ray (CXR) scoring system for quantifying lung abnormalities was introduced in our Diagnostic Imaging Department. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate correlations between the CXR score and the age or sex of Italian patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Between March 4, 2020, and March 18, 2020, all CXR reports containing the new scoring system were retrieved. Only hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. For each patient, age, sex, and the CXR report containing the highest score were considered for the analysis. Patients were also divided into seven groups according to age. Nonparametric statistical tests were used to examine the relationship between the severity of lung disease and the age or sex. 783 Italian patients (532 males and 251 females) with SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. The CXR score was significantly higher in males than in females only in groups aged 50 to 79\u00a0years. A significant correlation was observed between the CXR score and age in both males and females. Males aged 50\u00a0years or older and females aged 80\u00a0years or older with coronavirus disease 2019 showed the highest CXR score (median\u2009\u2265\u20098). Males aged 50\u00a0years or older and females aged 80\u00a0years or older showed the highest risk of developing severe lung disease. Our results may help to identify the highest-risk patients and those who require specific treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32405281, "pmcid": "PMC7219352", "title": "Sars-CoV-2 and black population: ACE2 as shield or blade?", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Vinciguerra, Mattia", "Greco, Ernesto"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405281", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267209, "pmcid": "PMC7233383", "title": "Policies and Guidelines for COVID-19 Preparedness: Experiences from the University of Washington.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Mossa-Basha, Mahmud", "Medverd, Jonathan", "Linnau, Kenneth", "Lynch, John B", "Wener, Mark H", "Kicska, Gregory", "Staiger, Thomas", "Sahani, Dushyant"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267209", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic initially presented in the United States in the greater Seattle area, and has rapidly progressed across the nation in the past 2 months, with the United States having the highest number of cases in the world. Radiology departments play a critical role in policy and guideline development both for the department and for the institutions, specifically in planning diagnostic screening, triage, and management of patients. In addition, radiology workflows, volumes and access must be optimized in preparation for the expected COVID-19 patient surges. This article discusses the processes that have been implemented at the University of Washington in managing the COVID-19 pandemic as well in preparing for patient surges, which may provide important guidance for other radiology departments who are in the early stages of preparation and management."}, {"pmid": 32427964, "title": "To set coronavirus policy, model lives and livelihoods in lockstep.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Haldane, Andy"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427964", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452746, "title": "Implementation of Preoperative Screening Protocols in Otolaryngology During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Urban, Matthew J", "Patel, Tirth R", "Raad, Richard", "LoSavio, Phillip", "Stenson, Kerstin", "Al-Khudari, Samer", "Nielsen, Thomas", "Husain, Inna", "Smith, Ryan", "Revenaugh, Peter C", "Wiet, R Mark", "Papagiannopoulos, Peter", "Batra, Pete S", "Tajudeen, Bobby A"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To highlight emerging preoperative screening protocols and document workflow challenges and successes during the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a large urban tertiary care medical center. Thirty-two patients undergoing operative procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic were placed into 2 preoperative screening protocols. Early in the pandemic a \"high-risk case protocol\" was utilized to maximize available resources. As information and technology evolved, a \"universal point-of-care protocol\" was implemented. Of 32 patients, 25 were screened prior to surgery. Three (12%) tested positive for COVID-19. In all 3 cases, the procedure was delayed, and patients were admitted for treatment or discharged under home quarantine. During this period, 86% of operative procedures were indicated for treatment of oncologic disease. There was no significant delay in arrival to the operating room for patients undergoing point-of-care screening immediately prior to their procedure (P = .92). Currently, few studies address preoperative screening for COVID-19. A substantial proportion of individuals in this cohort tested positive, and both protocols identified positive cases. The major strengths of the point-of-care protocol are ease of administration, avoiding subsequent exposures after testing, and relieving strain on \"COVID-19 clinics\" or other community testing facilities. Preoperative screening is a critical aspect of safe surgical practice in the midst of the widespread pandemic. Rapid implementation of universal point-of-care screening is possible without major workflow adjustments or operative delays."}, {"pmid": 32495575, "title": "[Analysis of 131 cases of COVID-19 treated with Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Ling", "Cheng, Zhi-Qiang", "Liu, Fang", "Xia, Yang", "Chen, Yong-Gang"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495575", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, Donghua Hospital information management system and Meikang clinical pharmacy management system were used to collect medical records of all inpatients diagnosed as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) in Wuhan Third Hospital. The statistics was based on the data of the cases treated with Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction, including demographic statistics, clinical cha-racteristics before medication, outcome of after medication and efficacy of drug combination. Excel 2003 and SPSS Clementine 12.0 software were used to conduct statistics on the included cases, and Apriori algorithm and association rules were used for the association analysis on drug combination. A total of 131 cases of COVID-19 were treated with Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction combined with Chinese and Western medicine. All of the patients were cured and discharged. The drug combination mainly included Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction, abidor, Lianhua Qingwen, moxifloxacin, Qiangli Pipa Lu, vitamin C, glycyrrhizinate diammonium, pantoprazole and Shufeng Jiedu. There is a certain regularity and effectiveness in the treatment of COVID-19 infection patients with the combination of Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction and other drugs, but the rationality and safety still need to be further verified."}, {"pmid": 32461412, "title": "Psychological impact of COVID-19 on ophthalmologists-in-training and practising ophthalmologists in India.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Khanna, Rohit C", "Honavar, Santosh G", "Metla, Asha Latha", "Bhattacharya, Amritendu", "Maulik, Pallab K"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461412", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the psychological impact of the COVID 19 crisis on ophthalmologists-in-training and practising ophthalmologists during lockdown in India. An online survey was completed by ophthalmologists and ophthalmology trainees during the lockdown. The information collected included demographics (age, gender), domicile (state, union territory), current professional status (in training or practising), type of practice (solo, group, institutional, governmental, non-governmental), marital status (married, single), impact of COVID-19 on their training or practice, and impact on income and ability to meet living expenses. Psychological distress was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). In all, 2,355 ophthalmologists responded. Mean age was 42.5 (range, 25-82 years; SD, 12.05) years. Of these, 1,332 (56.7%) were males; 475 (20.2%) were still not in practice; 366 (15.5%) were single; 1,244 (52.8%) felt that COVID-19 would impact on their training or professional work; and 869 (37%) had difficulty in meeting their living expenses. The mean PHQ-9 score was 3.98 (range, 0-27; SD, 4.65). In terms of psychological impact, 768 (32.6%) had some degree of depression; mild in 504 (21.4%), moderate in 163 (6.9%), and severe in 101 (4.3%). Multivariable analysis showed that depression was significantly higher at younger age. The odds of depression decreased by 3% with 1 year increase in age. It was higher in non-practicing ophthalmologists, especially those who were considerably worried about their training or professional growth, and those with difficulty in meeting living expenses. A strikingly high proportion of ophthalmologists are psychologically affected and may require personalized mental health care."}, {"pmid": 32399894, "pmcid": "PMC7216859", "title": "A journey through and beyond a \"perfect storm\": the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Endocrine", "authors": ["Filetti, Sebastiano"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399894", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412914, "title": "Using Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Mahajan, Vidushi", "Singh, Tanvi", "Azad, Chandrika"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412914", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Telemedicine is the delivery of health care services using information or communication technology. In the current pandemic scenario, telemedicine can supplement health-care delivery in the absence of in-person visit. The Government of India has recently launched the e-sanjeevani OPD, a National teleconsultation service, which has been adopted by many state governments as mandatory for health-care providers. With Indian Medical Association issuing an advisory against the use of telemedicine except in few situations, a lot of confusion exists in the mind of a pediatrician. Despite the uncertain situation, we have to remember that other diseases shall not stall in the face of a pandemic. Since telemedicine is an evolving subject, training of medical professionals, clear guidelines and good quality internet service systems will go a long way in increasing the acceptability of telemedicine in the Indian population. We herein discuss issues related to using telemedicine during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32355546, "pmcid": "PMC7191168", "title": "Clinical evaluation of a rapid colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for SARS-Cov-2 IgM/IgG.", "journal": "Am J Transl Res", "authors": ["Shen, Bo", "Zheng, Yufen", "Zhang, Xiaoyan", "Zhang, Weituo", "Wang, Donglian", "Jin, Jie", "Lin, Rong", "Zhang, Ying", "Zhu, Guangjun", "Zhu, Hongguo", "Li, Jun", "Xu, Jiaqin", "Ding, Xianhong", "Chen, Shiyong", "Lu, Ruyue", "He, Zebao", "Zhao, Haihong", "Ying, Lingjun", "Zhang, Chao", "Lv, Dongqing", "Chen, Baofu", "Chen, Jiya", "Zhu, Jiansheng", "Hu, Bingjie", "Hong, Chenliang", "Xu, Xiangyu", "Chen, Jiaxi", "Liu, Chong", "Zhou, Kai", "Li, Jing", "Zhao, Guoling", "Shen, Weixiang", "Chen, Chunfeng", "Shao, Chunyan", "Shen, Xiaoying", "Song, Jingjing", "Wang, Zhipeng", "Meng, Ying", "Wang, Chao", "Han, Junsong", "Chen, Aojun", "Lu, Daru", "Qian, Biyun", "Chen, Haixiao", "Gao, Hengjun"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355546", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, there had been an outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. At present, diagnosis COVID-19 were based on real-time RT-PCR, which have to be performed in biosafe laboratory and is unsatisfactory for suspect case screening. Therefore, there is an urgent need for rapid diagnostic test for COVID-19. To evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of the colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for SARS-Cov-2 specific IgM/IgG anti-body detection in suspected COVID-19 cases. In the prospective cohort, 150 patients with fever or respiratory symptoms were enrolled in Taizhou Public Health Medical Center, Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang province, China, between January 20 to February 2, 2020. All patients were tested by the colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for COVID-19. At least two samples of each patient were collected for RT-PCR assay analysis, and the PCR results were performed as the reference standard of diagnosis. Meanwhile 26 heathy blood donor were recruited. The sensitivity and specificity of the immunochromatography assay test were evaluated. Subgroup analysis were performed with respect to age, sex, period from symptom onset and clinical severity. The immunochromatography assay test had 69 positive result in the 97 PCR-positive cases, achieving sensitivity 71.1% [95% CI 0.609-0.797], and had 2 positive result in the 53 PCR-negative cases, achieving specificity 96.2% [95% CI 0.859-0.993]. In 26 healthy donor blood samples, the immunochromatography assay had 0 positive result. In subgroup analysis, the sensitivity was significantly higher in patients with symptoms more than 14 days 95.2% [95% CI 0.741-0.998] and patients with severe clinical condition 86.0% [95% CI 0.640-0.970]. The colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for SARS-Cov-2 specific IgM/IgG anti-body had 71.1% sensitivity and 96.2% specificity in this population, showing the potential for a useful rapid diagnosis test for COVID-19. Further investigations should be done to evaluate this assay in variety of clinical settings and populations."}, {"pmid": 32420519, "pmcid": "PMC7224167", "title": "Endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic: simple construction of a single-use, disposable face shield using inexpensive and readily available materials.", "journal": "VideoGIE", "authors": ["Skamnelos, Alexandros", "Murino, Alberto", "Lazaridis, Nikolaos", "Cunado, Lloyd", "Despott, Edward J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420519", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335465, "pmcid": "PMC7152901", "title": "Medical personnel, COVID-19 and emotional impact.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335465", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527255, "title": "Predictors of fatality including radiographic findings in adults with COVID-19.", "journal": "Respir Res", "authors": ["Li, Kaiyan", "Chen, Dian", "Chen, Shengchong", "Feng, Yuchen", "Chang, Chenli", "Wang, Zi", "Wang, Nan", "Zhen, Guohua"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527255", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older age and elevated d-dimer are reported risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, whether early radiographic change is a predictor of fatality remains unknown. We retrospectively reviewed records of all laboratory-confirmed patients admitted to a quarantine unit at Tongji Hospital, a large regional hospital in Wuhan, China, between January 31 and March 5, 2020. Confirmed cases were defined by positive RT-PCR detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in throat-swab specimens. Chest CT images were reviewed independently by two radiologists. The Tongji Hospital ethics committee approved this study. A total of 102 patients were confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection. As of March 25, 85 confirmed patients were discharged, 15 died, and 2 remained hospitalized. When compared with survivors, non-survivors were older (median age, 69 [interquartile range, 58-77] vs. 55 [44-66], p\u2009=\u20090.003), and more likely to have decreased lymphocyte count (0.5 vs. 0.9\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u00a0109/L, p\u2009=\u20090.006), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (569.0 vs. 272.0\u2009U/L, p\u2009<\u20090.001), elevated d-dimer (>\u20091\u2009\u03bcg/mL, 86% vs. 37%, p\u2009=\u20090.002) on admission. Older age and elevated LDH were independent risk factors for fatality in a multivariate regression model included the above variables. In a subset of patients with CT images within the first week, higher total severity score, and more involved lung lobes (5 involved lobes) in CT images within the first week were significantly associated with fatality. Moreover, in this subset of patients, higher total severity score was the only independent risk factor in a multivariate analysis incorporating the above mentioned variables. Older age, elevated LDH on admission, and higher severity score of CT images within the first week are potential predictors of fatality in adults with COVID-19. These predictors may help clinicians identify patients with a poor prognosis at an early stage."}, {"pmid": 32448641, "pmcid": "PMC7161518", "title": "[Renin-angiotensin system blockers and COVID-19 infection].", "journal": "Hipertens Riesgo Vasc", "authors": ["Ruilope, L M", "Garcia Donaire, J A", "de la Sierra, A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448641", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507706, "title": "Managing Hand Trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic using a One-Stop Clinic.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Sadr, Mr A H", "Gardiner, Miss S", "Burr, Mrs Nikki", "Nikkhah, Mr D", "Jemec, Miss Barbara"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507706", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300971, "pmcid": "PMC7160614", "title": "A diagnostic model for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on radiological semantic and clinical features: a multi-center study.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Chen, Xiaofeng", "Tang, Yanyan", "Mo, Yongkang", "Li, Shengkai", "Lin, Daiying", "Yang, Zhijian", "Yang, Zhiqi", "Sun, Hongfu", "Qiu, Jinming", "Liao, Yuting", "Xiao, Jianning", "Chen, Xiangguang", "Wu, Xianheng", "Wu, Renhua", "Dai, Zhuozhi"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300971", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid and accurate diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical during the epidemic. We aim to identify differences in CT imaging and clinical manifestations between pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19, and to develop and validate a diagnostic model for COVID-19 based on radiological semantic and clinical features alone. A consecutive cohort of 70 COVID-19 and 66 non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients were retrospectively recruited from five institutions. Patients were divided into primary (n\u2009=\u200998) and validation (n\u2009=\u200938) cohorts. The chi-square test, Student's t test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test were performed, comparing 1745 lesions and 67 features in the two groups. Three models were constructed using radiological semantic and clinical features through multivariate logistic regression. Diagnostic efficacies of developed models were quantified by receiver operating characteristic curve. Clinical usage was evaluated by decision curve analysis and nomogram. Eighteen radiological semantic features and seventeen clinical features were identified to be significantly different. Besides ground-glass opacities (p\u2009=\u20090.032) and consolidation (p\u2009=\u20090.001) in the lung periphery, the lesion size (1-3\u00a0cm) is also significant for the diagnosis of COVID-19 (p\u2009=\u20090.027). Lung score presents no significant difference (p\u2009=\u20090.417). Three diagnostic models achieved an area under the curve value as high as 0.986 (95% CI 0.966~1.000). The clinical and radiological semantic models provided a better diagnostic performance and more considerable net benefits. Based on CT imaging and clinical manifestations alone, the pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19 can be distinguished. A model composed of radiological semantic and clinical features has an excellent performance for the diagnosis of COVID-19. \u2022 Based on CT imaging and clinical manifestations alone, the pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19 can be distinguished. \u2022 A diagnostic model for COVID-19 was developed and validated using radiological semantic and clinical features, which had an area under the curve value of 0.986 (95% CI 0.966~1.000) and 0.936 (95% CI 0.866~1.000) in the primary and validation cohorts, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32301302, "pmcid": "PMC7167407", "title": "COVID-19 Screening Center: How to Balance between the Speed and Safety?", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lee, Jacob"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301302", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361250, "pmcid": "PMC7165294", "title": "Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.", "journal": "EBioMedicine", "authors": ["Liu, Jing", "Li, Sumeng", "Liu, Jia", "Liang, Boyun", "Wang, Xiaobei", "Wang, Hua", "Li, Wei", "Tong, Qiaoxia", "Yi, Jianhua", "Zhao, Lei", "Xiong, Lijuan", "Guo, Chunxia", "Tian, Jin", "Luo, Jinzhuo", "Yao, Jinghong", "Pang, Ran", "Shen, Hui", "Peng, Cheng", "Liu, Ting", "Zhang, Qian", "Wu, Jun", "Xu, Ling", "Lu, Sihong", "Wang, Baoju", "Weng, Zhihong", "Han, Chunrong", "Zhu, Huabing", "Zhou, Ruxia", "Zhou, Helong", "Chen, Xiliu", "Ye, Pian", "Zhu, Bin", "Wang, Lu", "Zhou, Wenqing", "He, Shengsong", "He, Yongwen", "Jie, Shenghua", "Wei, Ping", "Zhang, Jianao", "Lu, Yinping", "Wang, Weixian", "Zhang, Li", "Li, Ling", "Zhou, Fengqin", "Wang, Jun", "Dittmer, Ulf", "Lu, Mengji", "Hu, Yu", "Yang, Dongliang", "Zheng, Xin"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361250", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines profiles of patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and their correlation with the disease severity remain unclear. Peripheral blood samples were longitudinally collected from 40 confirmed COVID-19 patients and examined for lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry and cytokine profiles by specific immunoassays. Of the 40 COVID-19 patients enrolled, 13 severe cases showed significant and sustained decreases in lymphocyte counts [0\u00b76 (0\u00b76-0\u00b78)] but increases in neutrophil counts [4\u00b77 (3\u00b76-5\u00b78)] than 27 mild cases [1.1 (0\u00b78-1\u00b74); 2\u00b70 (1\u00b75-2\u00b79)]. Further analysis demonstrated significant decreases in the counts of T cells, especially CD8+ T cells, as well as increases in IL-6, IL-10, IL-2 and IFN-\u03b3 levels in the peripheral blood in the severe cases compared to those in the mild cases. T cell counts and cytokine levels in severe COVID-19 patients who survived the disease gradually recovered at later time points to levels that were comparable to those of the mild cases. Moreover, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (AUC=0\u00b793) and neutrophil-to-CD8+ T cell ratio (N8R) (AUC =0\u00b794) were identified as powerful prognostic factors affecting the prognosis for severe COVID-19. The degree of lymphopenia and a proinflammatory cytokine storm is higher in severe COVID-19 patients than in mild cases, and is associated with the disease severity. N8R and NLR may serve as a useful prognostic factor for early identification of severe COVID-19 cases. The National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Science and Technology Major Project, the Health Commission of Hubei Province, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and the Medical Faculty of the University of Duisburg-Essen and Stiftung Universitaetsmedizin, Hospital Essen, Germany."}, {"pmid": 32282964, "pmcid": "PMC7262182", "title": "A Commentary on Rural-Urban Disparities in COVID-19 Testing Rates per 100,000 and Risk Factors.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Souch, Jacob M", "Cossman, Jeralynn S"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282964", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273489, "pmcid": "PMC7240233", "title": "Serial Computed Tomography Findings in a Child with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["He, Guiqing", "Sun, Wenjie", "Wu, Jing", "Cai, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273489", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271506, "title": "\"What Were You Before the War?\" Repurposing Psychiatry During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Psychiatry", "authors": ["Nicol, Ginger E", "Karp, Jordan F", "Reiersen, Angela M", "Zorumski, Charles F", "Lenze, Eric J"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271506", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407221, "title": "Ensuring safe practice during the pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Foster, Sam"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407221", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, considers the range of issues that needs to be considered to enable retired nurses and those redeployed from other areas to care for patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32247050, "pmcid": "PMC7118633", "title": "Insight into 2019 novel coronavirus - An updated interim review and lessons from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xie, Mingxuan", "Chen, Qiong"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247050", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a zoonotic beta-coronavirus entitled 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), has become a global threat. Awareness of the biological features of 2019-nCoV should be updated in time and needs to be comprehensively summarized to help optimize control measures and make therapeutic decisions. Based on recently published literature, official documents and selected up-to-date preprint studies, we reviewed the virology and origin, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathology and treatment of 2019-nCoV infection, in comparison with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. The genome of 2019-nCoV partially resembled SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and indicated a bat origin. The COVID-19 generally had a high reproductive number, a long incubation period, a short serial interval and a low case fatality rate (much higher in patients with comorbidities) than SARS and MERS. Clinical presentation and pathology of COVID-19 greatly resembled SARS and MERS, with less upper respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, and more exudative lesions in post-mortems. Potential treatments included remdesivir, chloroquine, tocilizumab, convalescent plasma and vaccine immunization (when possible). The initial experience from the current pandemic and lessons from the previous two pandemics can help improve future preparedness plans and combat disease progression."}, {"pmid": 32526937, "title": "Analysis of the Hosts and Transmission Paths of SARS-CoV-2 in the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Genes (Basel)", "authors": ["Dong, Rui", "Pei, Shaojun", "Yin, Changchuan", "He, Rong Lucy", "Yau, Stephen S-T"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526937", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe respiratory disease COVID-19 was initially reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and spread into many provinces from Wuhan. The corresponding pathogen was soon identified as a novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 (formerly, 2019-nCoV). As of 2 May, 2020, over 3 million COVID-19 cases had been confirmed, and 235,290 deaths had been reported globally, and the numbers are still increasing. It is important to understand the phylogenetic relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and known coronaviruses, and to identify its hosts for preventing the next round of emergency outbreak. In this study, we employ an effective alignment-free approach, the Natural Vector method, to analyze the phylogeny and classify the coronaviruses based on genomic and protein data. Our results show that SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to, but distinct from the SARS-CoV branch. By analyzing the genetic distances from the SARS-CoV-2 strain to the coronaviruses residing in animal hosts, we establish that the most possible transmission path originates from bats to pangolins to humans."}, {"pmid": 32473937, "pmcid": "PMC7256528", "title": "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Urology Residency Program in Singapore.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Tan, Yi Quan", "Wang, Ziting", "Tiong, Ho Yee", "Chiong, Edmund"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473937", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514428, "pmcid": "PMC7273810", "title": "Survivors of COVID-19 are at high risk of posttraumatic stress disorder.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Xiao, Shuiyuan", "Luo, Dan", "Xiao, Yang"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514428", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental disorder caused by major psychological trauma. It could result in serious distress and disability. Previous epidemic studies report high prevalence rates among people exposed to the trauma resulted from an infectious disease epidemic. While the control of the epidemic and care of patients with COVID-19 are still the dominant task of the whole world, this commentary calls for attention to early intervention and prevention of PTSD among huge numbers of COVID-19 survivors, their family members, health care professionals and other first-line helpers."}, {"pmid": 32517962, "title": "Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in Males with Covid-19.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Giustino, Gennaro", "Croft, Lori B", "Oates, Connor P", "Rahman, Karishma", "Lerakis, Stamatios", "Reddy, Vivek Y", "Goldman, Martin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517962", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371647, "title": "Editorial: Obstetric anesthesia and COVID 19 times.", "journal": "Curr Opin Anaesthesiol", "authors": ["Guasch, Dr Emilia"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371647", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517786, "title": "Revisiting hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for patients with chronic immunity-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases.", "journal": "Adv Rheumatol", "authors": ["Dos Reis Neto, Edgard Torres", "Kakehasi, Adriana Maria", "de Medeiros Pinheiro, Marcelo", "Ferreira, Gilda Aparecida", "Marques, Claudia Diniz Lopes", "da Mota, Licia Maria Henrique", "Dos Santos Paiva, Eduardo", "Pileggi, Gecilmara Cristina Salviato", "Sato, Emilia Inoue", "Reis, Ana Paula Monteiro Gomides", "Xavier, Ricardo Machado", "Provenza, Jose Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517786", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, also known as antimalarial drugs, are widely used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases and have recently become the focus of attention because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Rheumatologists have been using antimalarials to manage patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases for decades. It is an appropriate time to review their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms impact on disease activity and survival of systemic lupus erythematosus patient, including antiplatelet effect, metabolic and lipid benefits. We also discuss possible adverse effects, adding a practical and comprehensive approach to monitoring rheumatic patients during treatment with these drugs."}, {"pmid": 32283150, "pmcid": "PMC7151280", "title": "Nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection among nurses in Wuhan at a single centre.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Sun, Huimin", "Lu, Mengxin", "Chen, Song", "Cheng, Zhenshun", "Xiong, Yong", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283150", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439072, "pmcid": "PMC7252174", "title": "Obesity as a risk factor for poor outcome in COVID-19-induced lung injury: the potential role of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Memtsoudis, Stavros G", "Ivascu, Natalia S", "Pryor, Kane O", "Goldstein, Peter A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439072", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520107, "title": "COVID-19 in the city of Rio de Janeiro: spatial analysis of first confirmed cases and deaths.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Cavalcante, Joao Roberto", "Abreu, Ariane de Jesus Lopes de"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520107", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "to describe the spatial distribution of the first confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in Rio de Janeiro. this was an ecological study of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and deaths between March 6thand April 10th, 2020. Incidence, mortality, lethality, excess risk and global and local Moran rates were calculated. 1,808 confirmed cases and 92 confirmed deaths were recorded. The COVID-19 incidence rate was 26.8/100,000 inhab., the mortality rate was 1.36/100,000 inhab. and lethality rate 5%. The incidence rate in eight neighborhoods was 4-12 times higher than the overall rate for the municipality: Jo\u00e1, in the city's Western Zone; Cosme Velho, G\u00e1vea, Ipanema, Jardim Bot\u00e2nico, Lagoa, Leblon and S\u00e3o Conrado, in its Southern Zone. high risk of COVID-19 infection and deaths was found in neighborhoods in the Southern Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Neighborhoods in the Northern Zone of the city also stand out in relation to high risk of death."}, {"pmid": 32493415, "pmcid": "PMC7267749", "title": "COVID-19 and informal settlements: an urgent call to rethink urban governance.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Van Belle, S", "Affun-Adegbulu, C", "Soors, W", "Srinivas, Prashanth N", "Hegel, G", "Van Damme, W", "Saluja, D", "Abejirinde, I", "Wouters, E", "Masquillier, C", "Tabana, H", "Chenge, F", "Polman, K", "Marchal, B"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493415", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534109, "title": "Involvement of Cardiovascular System As The Critical Point in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prognosis and Recovery.", "journal": "Hellenic J Cardiol", "authors": ["Lazaridis, Charalampos", "Vlachogiannis, Nikolaos I", "Bakogiannis, Constantinos", "Spyridopoulos, Ioakim", "Stamatelopoulos, Kimon", "Kanakakis, Ioannis", "Vassilikos, Vassilios", "Stellos, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534109", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has already caused more than 300,000 deaths worldwide. Several studies have elucidated the central role of cardiovascular complications in the disease course. Herein, we provide a concise review of current knowledge regarding the involvement of cardiovascular system in the pathogenesis and prognosis of COVID-19. We summarize data from 21 studies involving in total more than 21,000 patients from Asia, Europe and the USA indicating that severe disease is associated with the presence of myocardial injury, heart failure and arrhythmias. Additionally, we present the clinical and laboratory differences between recovered and deceased patients highlighting the importance of cardiac manifestations. For the infected patients, underlying cardiovascular comorbidities and especially existing cardiovascular disease seem to predispose to the development of cardiovascular complications, which are in turn associated with higher mortality rates. We provide mechanistic insights into the underlying mechanisms including direct myocardial damage by the virus and the consequences of the hyperinflammatory syndrome developed later in the disease course. Finally, we summarize current knowledge on therapeutic modalities and recommendations by scientific societies and experts regarding the cardiovascular management of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32418475, "title": "Who are the Most At-Risk Older Adults in the COVID-19 Era? It's Not Just Those in Nursing Homes.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Cohen, Marc A", "Tavares, Jane"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418475", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has taken a terrible toll on the nursing home population. Yet, there are five times the number of seniors living in the community who are also extremely vulnerable because they suffer from respiratory illnesses. Using the 2018 wave of the Health and Retirement Study we analyze this group of roughly 7 million seniors living in the community and find that they have multiple risk factors that make them particularly exposed. We also show how current strategies for protecting this population may be exacerbating risks and suggest concrete steps for better protecting this group."}, {"pmid": 32487547, "title": "Chief coroner's guidance on covid-19 deaths: workers outside the NHS are also vulnerable to risk.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Watterson, Andrew E"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487547", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518785, "pmcid": "PMC7262723", "title": "Appendectomy in patient with suspected COVID-19 with negative COVID-19 results: A case report.", "journal": "World J Clin Cases", "authors": ["Kim, Changho", "Kim, Jong Kun", "Yeo, In Hwan", "Choe, Jae Young", "Lee, Jeong Eun", "Kang, So Jeong", "Park, Chan Sub", "Kwon, Ki Tae", "Hwang, Soyoon"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518785", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Even at present, we are in the middle of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and are facing challenges in trial and error. Presently, emergency surgery for patients with suspected COVID-19 is burdensome not only for patients but also for healthcare workers. Therefore, we established a surveillance system in the emergency room and established principles for managing patients suspected of COVID-19 who require emergency surgery. A 67-year-old man was diagnosed with appendicitis in March 2020. His wife was diagnosed with COVID-19 10 d earlier, and the patient was in close contact with her. The patient tested negative twice on an upper respiratory COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction screening test, but chest X-ray and chest computed tomography revealed patchy ground-glass opacity in both upper lobes of the patient's lungs. The same emergency surgery procedure for patients with confirmed COVID-19 was applied to this patient suspected of having the disease to ensure that surgery was not delayed while waiting for the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results. A few hours after surgery, the upper respiratory tract specimen taken in the emergency room was negative for COVID-19 but the lower respiratory tract specimen was found to be positive for the disease. When COVID-19 is suspected, emergency surgery should be performed as for confirmed COVID-19 without delay."}, {"pmid": 32397688, "title": "SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Viral Genomics, Epidemiology, Vaccines, and Therapeutic Interventions.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Uddin, Mohammed", "Mustafa, Farah", "Rizvi, Tahir A", "Loney, Tom", "Suwaidi, Hanan Al", "Al-Marzouqi, Ahmed H Hassan", "Eldin, Afaf Kamal", "Alsabeeha, Nabeel", "Adrian, Thomas E", "Stefanini, Cesare", "Nowotny, Norbert", "Alsheikh-Ali, Alawi", "Senok, Abiola C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397688", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is due to infection caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus that impacts the lower respiratory tract. The spectrum of symptoms ranges from asymptomatic infections to mild respiratory symptoms to the lethal form of COVID-19 which is associated with severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, and fatality. To address this global crisis, up-to-date information on viral genomics and transcriptomics is crucial for understanding the origins and global dispersion of the virus, providing insights into viral pathogenicity, transmission, and epidemiology, and enabling strategies for therapeutic interventions, drug discovery, and vaccine development. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 epidemiology, genomic etiology, findings from recent transcriptomic map analysis, viral-human protein interactions, molecular diagnostics, and the current status of vaccine and novel therapeutic intervention development. Moreover, we provide an extensive list of resources that will help the scientific community access numerous types of databases related to SARS-CoV-2 OMICs and approaches to therapeutics related to COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32379708, "title": "Sustainable health promotion for the seniors during COVID-19 outbreak: a lesson from Tokyo.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Aung, Myo Nyein", "Yuasa, Motoyuki", "Koyanagi, Yuka", "Aung, Thin Nyein Nyein", "Moolphate, Saiyud", "Matsumoto, Hiromichi", "Yoshioka, Takashi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379708", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is novel corona virus infection outbreak that has gone global in 2020. Current prevention policies consist of hand hygiene and social distancing. Emergencies overloaded health services and shocked the logistics chains in many countries, especially Italy and China. Having more than a quarter of its population being elderly, Japan is at high risk for COVID-19 induced morbidity and mortality. This situation cancelled schedules of all routine group exercise activities for the seniors in Japan. While the outbreak is ongoing, staying at home is safe. However, successive days of being house-ridden and limited movement can lead to excessive physical inactivity. Some elderly who are not moving much can lose a significant amount of muscle strength, flexibility and aerobic capacity. It can accelerate the frailty and dependency of the seniors, and subsequently, claiming of care and health services. Moreover, existing and new evidences showed that physical activity can promote antiviral immunity. An alternative to usual group exercise activities is crucial to keep seniors active without affecting social distancing. While staying at home for long, functional exercises maintaining basic level of physical activity and movements are urgently required to be introduced to the seniors in Tokyo and around the world to prevent functional decline. Home exercise is a practical option. Therefore, we made a home-version of the functional training exercise video with different sets of 10-minutes exercise for 7 days a week. This breakthrough alternative may sustain health promotion for the elderly persons to preserve their active aging and maintain optimal health."}, {"pmid": 32513216, "title": "The Saudi Spine Society guidelines on spinal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Orthop Surg Res", "authors": ["Alturkistany, Ahmed", "Abduljabbar, Fahad H", "Alhelal, Fahad", "Dajim, Nayef Bin", "Khalifah, Salahaddeen", "Konbaz, Faisal", "Aleissa, Sami", "Al-Habib, Amro", "Kattan, Maan", "Alqahtani, Yahya", "Alatassi, Raheef"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513216", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289183, "title": "Global surge in measles and major international survey reinforce the need for greater awareness and uptake of all vaccinations.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Whibley, Annette"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289183", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416766, "pmcid": "PMC7255203", "title": "An appeal for practical social justice in the COVID-19 global response in low-income and middle-income countries.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Kelley, Maureen", "Ferrand, Rashida A", "Muraya, Kui", "Chigudu, Simukai", "Molyneux, Sassy", "Pai, Madhukar", "Barasa, Edwine"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341604, "pmcid": "PMC7184980", "title": "Spinal anesthesia in COVID-19 patients, more research is needed.", "journal": "Braz J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Hashemi, Masoud", "Taheri, Mehrdad", "Aminnejad, Reza"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341604", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32175814, "pmcid": "PMC7233387", "title": "Radiology Department Preparedness for COVID-19: Radiology Scientific Expert Panel.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Mossa-Basha, Mahmud", "Meltzer, Carolyn C", "Kim, Danny C", "Tuite, Michael J", "Kolli, K Pallav", "Tan, Bien Soo"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175814", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233064, "title": "Coronavirus pandemic and colorectal surgery: practical advice based on the Italian experience.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Di Saverio, S", "Pata, F", "Gallo, G", "Carrano, F", "Scorza, A", "Sileri, P", "Smart, N", "Spinelli, A", "Pellino, G"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233064", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic is challenging healthcare systems at a global level. We provide a practical strategy to reorganize pathways of emergency and elective colorectal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors, all from areas affected by the COVID-19 emergency, brainstormed remotely to define the key-points to be discussed. Tasks were assigned, concerning specific aspects of colorectal surgery during the pandemic, including the administrative management of the crisis in Italy. The recommendations (based on experience and on the limited evidence available) were collated and summarized. Little is known about the transmission of COVID-19, but it has shown a rapid spread. It is prudent to stop non-cancer procedures and prioritize urgent cancer treatment. Endoscopy and proctological procedures should be performed highly selectively. When dealing with colorectal emergencies, a conservative approach is advised. Specific procedures should be followed when operating on COVID-19-patients, using dedicated personal protective equipment and adhering to specific rules. Some policies are described, including minimally-invasive surgery. These policies outline the strict regulation of entry/ exit into theatres and operating building as well as advice on performing procedures safely to reduce risk of spreading the virus. It is likely that a reorganization of health system is required, both at central and local levels. A description of the strategy adopted in Italy is provided. Evidence on the management of patients needing surgery for colorectal conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic is currently lacking. Lessons learnt from healthcare professionals that have managed high volumes of surgical patients during the pandemic could be useful to mitigate some risks and reduce exposure to other patients, public and healthcare staff."}, {"pmid": 32376989, "pmcid": "PMC7201909", "title": "The VODAN IN: support of a FAIR-based infrastructure for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Hum Genet", "authors": ["Mons, Barend"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376989", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199470, "pmcid": "PMC7138255", "title": "The global community needs to swiftly ramp up the response to contain COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Fisher, Dale", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199470", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461245, "title": "Ethical guidelines for deliberately infecting volunteers with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Richards, Adair D"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461245", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Global fatalities related to COVID-19 are expected to be high in 2020-2021. Developing and delivering a vaccine may be the most likely way to end the pandemic. If it were possible to shorten this development time by weeks or months, this may have a significant effect on reducing deaths. Phase II and phase III trials could take less long to conduct if they used human challenge methods-that is, deliberately infecting participants with COVID-19 following inoculation. This article analyses arguments for and against such methods and provides suggested broad guidelines for regulators, researchers and ethics committees when considering these matters. It concludes that it may be possible to maintain current ethical standards yet still permit human challenge trials in a context where delay is critical. The implications are that regulators and researchers need to work together now to design robust but short trials and streamline ethics approval processes so that they are in place when applications for trials are made."}, {"pmid": 32312365, "title": "[Research advances in cardiovascular system damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 in children].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xiao, Hai-Hui", "Wang, Xin", "Xu, Yi", "Wang, Cheng"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312365", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in December 2019 in China and the epidemic is still going on at present. Since children are the susceptible population, the number of cases is gradually increasing. In addition to the typical respiratory symptoms, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection also has the clinical symptoms of cardiovascular system damage. Based on a literature review, this article discusses the possible cardiovascular system damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 in children and related mechanisms, in order to provide help for the timely treatment and prevention of cardiovascular system damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 in children."}, {"pmid": 32034659, "pmcid": "PMC7090771", "title": "Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts' consensus statement.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Shen, Kunling", "Yang, Yonghong", "Wang, Tianyou", "Zhao, Dongchi", "Jiang, Yi", "Jin, Runming", "Zheng, Yuejie", "Xu, Baoping", "Xie, Zhengde", "Lin, Likai", "Shang, Yunxiao", "Lu, Xiaoxia", "Shu, Sainan", "Bai, Yan", "Deng, Jikui", "Lu, Min", "Ye, Leping", "Wang, Xuefeng", "Wang, Yongyan", "Gao, Liwei"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32034659", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan City, China, by January 30, 2020, a total of 9692 confirmed cases and 15,238 suspected cases have been reported around 31 provinces or cities in China. Among the confirmed cases, 1527 were severe cases, 171 had recovered and been discharged at home, and 213 died. And among these cases, a\u00a0total of 28 children aged from 1\u00a0month to 17\u00a0years have been reported in China. For standardizing prevention and management of 2019-nCoV infections in children, we called up an experts' committee to formulate this experts' consensus statement. This statement is based on the Novel Coronavirus Infection Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Standards (the fourth edition) (National Health Committee) and other previous diagnosis and treatment strategies for pediatric virus infections. The present consensus statement summarizes current strategies on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019-nCoV infection in children."}, {"pmid": 32440021, "title": "How coronavirus lockdowns stopped flu in its tracks.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Jones, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440021", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454090, "pmcid": "PMC7245683", "title": "The preventive strategy for pandemics in the elderly is to collect in advance samples & data to counteract chronic inflammation (inflammaging).", "journal": "Ageing Res Rev", "authors": ["Fuellen, Georg", "Liesenfeld, Oliver", "Kowald, Axel", "Barrantes, Israel", "Bastian, Manuela", "Simm, Andreas", "Jansen, Ludger", "Tietz-Latza, Alexander", "Quandt, Dagmar", "Franceschi, Claudio", "Walter, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454090", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fighting the current COVID-19 pandemic, we must not forget to prepare for the next. Since elderly and frail people are at high risk, we wish to predict their vulnerability, and intervene if possible. For example, it would take little effort to take additional swabs or dried blood spots. Such minimally-invasive sampling, exemplified here during screening for potential COVID-19 infection, can yield the data to discover biomarkers to better handle this and the next respiratory disease pandemic. Longitudinal outcome data can then be combined with other epidemics and old-age health data, to discover the best biomarkers to predict (i) coping with infection & inflammation and thus hospitalization or intensive care, (ii) long-term health challenges, e.g. deterioration of lung function after intensive care, and (iii) treatment & vaccination response. Further, there are universal triggers of old-age morbidity & mortality, and the elimination of senescent cells improved health in pilot studies in idiopathic lung fibrosis & osteoarthritis patients alike. Biomarker studies are needed to test the hypothesis that resilience of the elderly during a pandemic can be improved by countering chronic inflammation and/or removing senescent cells. Our review suggests that more samples should be taken and saved systematically, following minimum standards, and data be made available, to maximize healthspan & minimize frailty, leading to savings in health care, gains in quality of life, and preparing us better for the next pandemic, all at the same time."}, {"pmid": 32247642, "pmcid": "PMC7136869", "title": "Tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, to treat COVID-19-related respiratory failure: a case report.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Michot, J-M", "Albiges, L", "Chaput, N", "Saada, V", "Pommeret, F", "Griscelli, F", "Balleyguier, C", "Besse, B", "Marabelle, A", "Netzer, F", "Merad, M", "Robert, C", "Barlesi, F", "Gachot, B", "Stoclin, A"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247642", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237212, "pmcid": "PMC7228389", "title": "COVID 19 and the Patient with Obesity - The Editors Speak Out.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Ryan, Donna H", "Ravussin, Eric", "Heymsfield, Steven"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521569, "title": "Reply to letter to the editor.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Bayrakdar, Ibrahim Sevki", "Kurt Bayrakdar, Sevda", "Guneri, Pelin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521569", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We congratulate Mart\u00edn Carreras-Presas et al (2020) for their instructive article presenting cases of oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS-COV-2 infection (Mart\u00edn Carreras-Presas et al., 2020). Furthermore, an irregular ulcer on the tongue (Chaux-Bodard, Deneuve & Desoutter, 2020) and reactivation of oral herpes simplex virus type-1 were reported as intraoral findings of COVID-19 patients, recently (Tang et al., 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32202646, "pmcid": "PMC7090843", "title": "Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Lai, Jianbo", "Ma, Simeng", "Wang, Ying", "Cai, Zhongxiang", "Hu, Jianbo", "Wei, Ning", "Wu, Jiang", "Du, Hui", "Chen, Tingting", "Li, Ruiting", "Tan, Huawei", "Kang, Lijun", "Yao, Lihua", "Huang, Manli", "Wang, Huafen", "Wang, Gaohua", "Liu, Zhongchun", "Hu, Shaohua"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202646", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be psychologically stressed. To assess the magnitude of mental health outcomes and associated factors among health care workers treating patients exposed to COVID-19 in China. This cross-sectional, survey-based, region-stratified study collected demographic data and mental health measurements from 1257 health care workers in 34 hospitals from January 29, 2020, to February 3, 2020, in China. Health care workers in hospitals equipped with fever clinics or wards for patients with COVID-19 were eligible. The degree of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress was assessed by the Chinese versions of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, the 7-item Insomnia Severity Index, and the 22-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with mental health outcomes. A total of 1257 of 1830 contacted individuals completed the survey, with a participation rate of 68.7%. A total of 813 (64.7%) were aged 26 to 40 years, and 964 (76.7%) were women. Of all participants, 764 (60.8%) were nurses, and 493 (39.2%) were physicians; 760 (60.5%) worked in hospitals in Wuhan, and 522 (41.5%) were frontline health care workers. A considerable proportion of participants reported symptoms of depression (634 [50.4%]), anxiety (560 [44.6%]), insomnia (427 [34.0%]), and distress (899 [71.5%]). Nurses, women, frontline health care workers, and those working in Wuhan, China, reported more severe degrees of all measurements of mental health symptoms than other health care workers (eg, median [IQR] Patient Health Questionnaire scores among physicians vs nurses: 4.0 [1.0-7.0] vs 5.0 [2.0-8.0]; P\u2009=\u2009.007; median [interquartile range {IQR}] Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale scores among men vs women: 2.0 [0-6.0] vs 4.0 [1.0-7.0]; P\u2009<\u2009.001; median [IQR] Insomnia Severity Index scores among frontline vs second-line workers: 6.0 [2.0-11.0] vs 4.0 [1.0-8.0]; P\u2009<\u2009.001; median [IQR] Impact of Event Scale-Revised scores among those in Wuhan vs those in Hubei outside Wuhan and those outside Hubei: 21.0 [8.5-34.5] vs 18.0 [6.0-28.0] in Hubei outside Wuhan and 15.0 [4.0-26.0] outside Hubei; P\u2009<\u2009.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed participants from outside Hubei province were associated with lower risk of experiencing symptoms of distress compared with those in Wuhan (odds ratio [OR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.88; P\u2009=\u2009.008). Frontline health care workers engaged in direct diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with COVID-19 were associated with a higher risk of symptoms of depression (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.11-2.09; P\u2009=\u2009.01), anxiety (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.22-2.02; P\u2009<\u2009.001), insomnia (OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.92-4.60; P\u2009<\u2009.001), and distress (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.25-2.04; P\u2009<\u2009.001). In this survey of heath care workers in hospitals equipped with fever clinics or wards for patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan and other regions in China, participants reported experiencing psychological burden, especially nurses, women, those in Wuhan, and frontline health care workers directly engaged in the diagnosis, treatment, and care for patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32149768, "title": "A confirmed asymptomatic carrier of 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Luo, Si-Hui", "Liu, Wei", "Liu, Zhen-Jun", "Zheng, Xue-Ying", "Hong, Chang-Xing", "Liu, Zhi-Rong", "Liu, Jian", "Weng, Jian-Ping"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149768", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321159, "pmcid": "PMC7188181", "title": "Preparedness and Rapid Implementation of External Quality Assessment Helped Quickly Increase COVID-19 Testing Capacity in the Republic of Korea.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Sung, Heungsup", "Yoo, Cheon-Kwon", "Han, Myung-Guk", "Lee, Sang-Won", "Lee, Hyukmin", "Chun, Sail", "Lee, Wee Gyo", "Min, Won-Ki"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321159", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460364, "title": "Delayed diagnosis of paediatric appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Snapiri, Ori", "Rosenberg Danziger, Chen", "Krause, Irit", "Kravarusic, Dragan", "Yulevich, Alon", "Balla, Uri", "Bilavsky, Efraim"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460364", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To present seven paediatric patients with appendicitis, all with late diagnosis resulting from different aspects of the fear from the current global COVID-19 pandemic. Cases were collected from three paediatric surgical wards. Comparison between complicated appendicitis rates in the COVID-19 era and similar period in previous year was performed. All seven children presented with complicated appendicitis. Main reasons for the delayed diagnosis during the COVID-19 era were parental concern, telemedicine use and insufficient evaluation. Higher complication rates were found during the COVID-19 era compared to similar period in previous year (22% vs 11%, P-value .06). The fear from COVID-19 pandemic may result in delayed diagnosis and higher complication rates in common paediatric medical conditions. We believe caregivers and healthcare providers should not withhold necessary medical care since delay in diagnosis and treatment in these routinely seen medical emergencies may become as big of a threat as COVID-19 itself."}, {"pmid": 32503590, "pmcid": "PMC7273812", "title": "The challenge of ventilator-associated pneumonia diagnosis in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Francois, Bruno", "Laterre, Pierre-Francois", "Luyt, Charles-Edouard", "Chastre, Jean"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503590", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460632, "title": "Viral Infections in Burns.", "journal": "Surg Infect (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Kiley, John L", "Chung, Kevin K", "Blyth, Dana M"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460632", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                     Viral infections after burns are less common than bacterial infections but usually occur in the more severely burned patients and have been associated with poor outcomes. \n                        Methods:\n                     Retrospective reviews and case series were examined to provide an overview of the management of viral infections in the burn patient. \n                        Results:\n                     The most common viral pathogens in these patients are the herpesviruses, which include herpes simplex, varicella zoster, cytomegalovirus, and human herpesvirus 6. Established viral infections that may complicate patient management include human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C, and, more recently, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Herpesvirus infections can occur as primary or nosocomial pathogens but clinical manifestations most commonly are re-activation of latent viral infection. Because of the paucity of data in the burn population, much of the evidence for specific treatments is extrapolated from patients with severe immunosuppression or critical illness. Antiviral therapy is employed for the burn patient with herpesvirus infections. This is an area of active study, and further research is needed to better understand the risks, clinical manifestations, and attributable morbidity and mortality of viral infections. \n                        Conclusions:\n                     Major burn injury results in immunosuppression and viral infection in a small number of patients. Recognition and antiviral therapy are employed, but additional studies are necessary to improve outcomes in these patients."}, {"pmid": 32516482, "title": "COVID-19 and telemedicine in hemophilia in a patient with severe hemophilia A and orthopedic surgery.", "journal": "Haemophilia", "authors": ["Alvarez-Roman, Maria Teresa", "De la Corte-Rodriguez, Hortensia", "Rodriguez-Merchan, Emerito Carlos", "Martin-Salces, Monica", "Rivas-Pollmar, Maria Isabel", "Butta, Nora V", "Garcia-Barcenilla, Sara", "Acuna, Paula", "Cebanu, Tamara", "Gonzalez, Elena", "Monzon-Manzano, Elena", "Jimenez-Yuste, Victor"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516482", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the case of a patient with severe hemophilia A who underwent major orthopedic surgery managed postoperatively by telemedicine (TM). The case is a splendid example of the implementation of TM and good collaboration between a Comprehensive Hemophilia Treatment Center (CHTC) and a local hospital."}, {"pmid": 32474983, "title": "Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Leadership During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Kameg, Brayden N"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474983", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This editorial presents a commentary on the impacts of COVID-19 on patient and nurse mental wellness. Implications for the psychiatric-mental health nursing workforce are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32056235, "pmcid": "PMC7166592", "title": "Does SARS-CoV-2 has a longer incubation period than SARS and MERS?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Jiang, Xuan", "Rayner, Simon", "Luo, Min-Hua"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32056235", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) since December 2019 in Wuhan, the major transportation hub in central China, became an emergency of major international concern. While several etiological studies have begun to reveal the specific biological features of this virus, the epidemic characteristics need to be elucidated. Notably, a long incubation time was reported to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to adjustments in screening and control policies. To avoid the risk of virus spread, all potentially exposed subjects are required to be isolated for 14 days, which is the longest predicted incubation time. However, based on our analysis of a larger dataset available so far, we find there is no observable difference between the incubation time for SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), highlighting the need for larger and well-annotated datasets."}, {"pmid": 32335307, "pmcid": "PMC7179493", "title": "Early experience in Paris with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vascular surgery.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Ben Abdallah, Iannis"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335307", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312528, "pmcid": "PMC7194933", "title": "Early reflection on the global impact of COVID19, and implications for physiotherapy.", "journal": "Physiotherapy", "authors": ["Landry, Michel D", "Landry, Michel D", "Geddes, Lauren", "Park Moseman, Annie", "Lefler, James P", "Raman, Sudha R", "Wijchen, Joost van"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312528", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474034, "pmcid": "PMC7256595", "title": "Chronic conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs masking severe SARS-CoV-2 manifestations in an elderly rheumatic patient.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Sagnelli, Caterina", "Gentile, Valeria", "Tirri, Rosella", "Macera, Margherita", "Cappabianca, Salvatore", "Ciccia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474034", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294152, "pmcid": "PMC7169475", "title": "Clinician Education and Adoption of Preventive Measures for COVID-19: A Survey of a Convenience Sample of General Practitioners in Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Fiorino, Gionata", "Colombo, Matteo", "Natale, Carmela", "Azzolini, Elena", "Lagioia, Michele", "Danese, Silvio"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294152", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443834, "title": "Specific EEG Encephalopathy Pattern in SARS-CoV-2 Patients.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Pastor, Jesus", "Vega-Zelaya, Lorena", "Martin Abad, Elena"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443834", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We used quantified electroencephalography (qEEG) to define the features of encephalopathy in patients released from the intensive care unit after severe illness from COVID-19. Artifact-free 120-300 s epoch lengths were visually identified and divided into 1 s windows with 10% overlap. Differential channels were grouped by frontal, parieto-occipital, and temporal lobes. For every channel and window, the power spectrum was calculated and used to compute the area for delta (0-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), and beta (13-30 Hz) bands. Furthermore, Shannon's spectral entropy (SSE) and synchronization by Pearson's correlation coefficient () were computed; cases of patients diagnosed with either infectious toxic encephalopathy (ENC) or post-cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) encephalopathy were used for comparison. Visual inspection of EEGs of COVID patients showed a near-physiological pattern with scarce anomalies. The distribution of EEG bands was different for the three groups, with COVID midway between distributions of ENC and CRA; specifically, temporal lobes showed different distribution for EEG bands in COVID patients. Besides, SSE was higher and hemispheric connectivity lower for COVID. We objectively identified some numerical EEG features in severely ill COVID patients that can allow positive diagnosis of this encephalopathy."}, {"pmid": 32223317, "title": "Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China.", "journal": "Psychol Health Med", "authors": ["Wang, Yenan", "Di, Yu", "Ye, Junjie", "Wei, Wenbin"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223317", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: As COVID-19 occurs suddenly and is highly contagious, this will inevitably cause people anxiety, depression, etc. The study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the COVID-19 outbreak is of practical significance.Methods:\u00a0600 valid questionnaires were received. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-Rating Depression Scale\u00a0(SDS) were used.Results:\u00a0Females' anxiety risk was 3.01 times compared to males (95%\u00a0CI\u00a01.39-6.52). Compared with people below 40\u00a0years old, the anxiety risk of people above 40\u00a0years old was 0.40 times (95%\u00a0CI\u00a00.16-0.99). SDS results indicated that\u00a0the difference between education level and occupation was statistically significant (p\u00a0=\u00a00.024, 0.005). Compared to people with a master's degree or above, those with a bachelor's degree group had a depression risk of 0.39 times (95%\u00a0CI\u00a00.17-0.87). Compared with professionals, industrial service workers and other staff had a depression risk of 0.31 times (95%\u00a0CI\u00a00.15-0.65) and 0.38 times (95%\u00a0CI\u00a00.15-0.93).Conclusions:\u00a0600 questionnaire participants were psychologically stable. Non-anxiety and non-depression rates were 93.67% and 82.83%, respectively. There were anxiety in 6.33% and depression in 17.17%. Therefore, we should pay attention to the psychological states of the public."}, {"pmid": 32228364, "pmcid": "PMC7233380", "title": "Radiology Department Preparedness for COVID-19: Facing an Unexpected Outbreak of the Disease.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Orsi, Marcello Alessandro", "Oliva, Antonio Giancarlo", "Cellina, Michaela"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228364", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432015, "pmcid": "PMC7234017", "title": "Neonatal Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Infection: A Case Report and Review of Literature.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Dumpa, Vikramaditya", "Kamity, Ranjith", "Vinci, Alexandra N", "Noyola, Estela", "Noor, Asif"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432015", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a global pandemic affecting 213 countries as of April 26, 2020.\u00a0Although this disease is affecting all age groups, infants and children seem to be at a lower risk of severe infection, for reasons unknown at this time. We report a case of neonatal infection in New York, United States, and provide a review of the published cases. A 22-day-old, previously healthy, full-term neonate was hospitalized after presenting with a one-day history of fever and poor feeding. Routine neonatal sepsis evaluation was negative. SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was obtained, given rampant community transmission, which returned positive. There were no other laboratory or radiographic abnormalities. The infant recovered completely and was discharged home in two days once his feeding improved. The family was advised to self-quarantine to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. We believe that the mode of transmission was horizontal spread from his caregivers. This case highlights the milder presentation of COVID-19 in otherwise healthy, full-term neonates. COVID-19 must be considered in the evaluation of a febrile infant. Infants and children may play an important role in the transmission of COVID-19 in the community. Hence, with an understanding of the transmission patterns, parents and caregivers would be better equipped to limit the spread of the virus and protect the more vulnerable population."}, {"pmid": 32428242, "title": "Covid-19 and Myeloma: what are the implications for now and in the future?", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Freeman, Ciara L", "Mikhael, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428242", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic has affected every aspect of myeloma care. Immediate focus is minimizing risk of contracting COVID-19 and the sequelae of infection. However, what does the future hold for our patients? What lessons will be taken forward to tackle myeloma in the fiscally constrained future? If we embrace the challenges that will emerge in the post-pandemic environment, the treatment delivered to patients could be more cost effective and better tailored than before. Healthcare delivery post-COVID will not return to how it was, and now is the time to invest in novel strategies to deliver the best possible outcomes for patients."}, {"pmid": 32049463, "title": "2019-nCoV : lecons d'incertitudes et de mondialisation.", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Matter, Michel"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32049463", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304912, "pmcid": "PMC7158832", "title": "Optical techniques for fast screening - towards prevention of the coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther", "authors": ["de Carvalho, Luis Felipe das Chagas E Silva", "Nogueira, Marcelo Saito"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447002, "pmcid": "PMC7241367", "title": "COVID-19: Results of a national survey of United Kingdom healthcare professionals' perceptions of current management strategy - A cross-sectional questionnaire study.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih", "Chaudhuri, Arindam"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447002", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has caused a global healthcare crisis with increasing number of people getting infected and dying each day. Different countries have tried to control its spread by applying the basic principles of social distancing and testing. Healthcare professionals have been the frontline workers globally with different opinions regarding the preparation and management of this pandemic. We aim to get the opinion of healthcare professionals in United Kingdom regarding their perceptions of preparedness in their workplace and general views of current pandemic management strategy. A questionnaire survey, drafted using Google Forms, was distributed among healthcare professionals working in the National Health Service (NHS) across the United Kingdom. The study was kept open for the first 2 weeks of April 2020. A total of 1007 responses were obtained with majority of the responses from England (n\u00a0=\u00a0850, 84.40%). There were 670 (66.53%) responses from doctors and 204 (20.26%) from nurses. Most of the respondents (95.23%) had direct patient contact in day to day activity. Only one third of the respondents agreed that they felt supported at their trust and half of the respondents reported that adequate training was provided to the frontline staff. Two-thirds of the respondents were of the view that there was not enough Personal Protective Equipment available while 80% thought that this pandemic has improved their hand washing practice. Most of the respondents were in the favour of an earlier lockdown (90%) and testing all the NHS frontline staff (94%). Despite current efforts, it would seem this is not translating to a sense of security amongst the UK NHS workforce in terms of how they feel trained and protected. It is vital that healthcare professionals have adequate support and protection at their workplace and that these aspects be actively monitored."}, {"pmid": 32243893, "pmcid": "PMC7174823", "title": "A segregated-team model to maintain cancer care during the COVID-19 outbreak at an academic center in Singapore.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243893", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340751, "pmcid": "PMC7142670", "title": "Management of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus epidemic in hemodialysis units.", "journal": "Nefrologia", "authors": ["Arenas, Maria Dolores", "Villar, Judit", "Gonzalez, Cristina", "Cao, Higinio", "Collado, Silvia", "Crespo, Marta", "Horcajada, Juan Pablo", "Pascual, Julio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 represents a special risk for renal patients due to their comorbidities and advanced age. The usual performance of hemodialysis treatments in collective rooms increases the risk. The specific information at this time in this regard is very limited. This manuscript includes a proposal for action to prevent infection in the Nephrology Services, and in particular in Hemodialysis Units, with the objective of early identification of patients who meet the definition of a suspected case of infection by SARS-CoV-2 and propose circuits and mechanisms to carry out hemodialysis treatments. They are recommendations in continuous review and can be modified if the epidemiological situation, the diagnostic and therapeutic options so require."}, {"pmid": 32366745, "title": "Battling against the novel coronavirus: control strategies for and clinical management of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Zhao, Jing-Ya", "Zhang, Jing", "Xu, Yan-Ping", "Yan, Jia-Yang", "Xu, Jin-Fu", "Qu, Jie-Ming"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366745", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503958, "title": "Surgical practice recommendations for minimal access surgeons during COVID 19 pandemic - Indian inter-society directives.", "journal": "J Minim Access Surg", "authors": ["Srivastava, Amit", "Nasta, Amrit Manik", "Pathania, Bhupinder Singh", "Sundaram, Easwaramoorthy", "Jani, Kalpesh V", "Manickavasagam, Kanagavel", "Asuri, Krishna", "Lal, Pawanindra", "Goel, Ramen G", "Chaudhari, Tamonas", "Bansal, Virinder Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503958", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "These are inter-society guidelines for performance of laparoscopic surgery during COVID-19 pandemic that has affected the way of surgical practice. The safety of healthcare workers and patients is being challenged. It is prudent that our surgical practice should adapt to this rapidly changing health environment. The guidance issued is based on global practices and national governmental directives. The Inter-Society Group urges you to be updated with the developing situation and evolving changes."}, {"pmid": 32255370, "title": "NYC Innocence Lost: Cardiology in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Narula, Nupoor", "Singh, Harsimran S"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255370", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339267, "pmcid": "PMC7267447", "title": "An address to the European immunology community concerning the Coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Immunol", "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339267", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292911, "pmcid": "PMC7118643", "title": "1,000,000 cases of COVID-19 outside of China: The date predicted by a simple heuristic.", "journal": "Glob Epidemiol", "authors": ["Koczkodaj, W W", "Mansournia, M A", "Pedrycz, W", "Wolny-Dominiak, A", "Zabrodskii, P F", "Strzaska, D", "Armstrong, T", "Zolfaghari, A H", "Debski, M", "Mazurek, J"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292911", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We forecast 1,000,000 COVID-19 cases outside of China by March 30, 2020 based on a heuristic and WHO situation reports. We do not model the COVID-19 pandemic; we model only the number of cases. The proposed heuristic is based on a simple observation that the plot of the given data is well approximated by an exponential curve. The exponential curve is used for forecasting the growth of new cases. It has been tested for the last situation report of the last day. Its accuracy has been 1.29% for the last day added and predicted by the 57 previous WHO situation reports (the date 18 March 2020). Prediction, forecast, pandemic, COVID-19, coronavirus, exponential growth curve parameter, heuristic, epidemiology, extrapolation, abductive reasoning, WHO situa- tion report."}, {"pmid": 32434297, "title": "[COVID-19 in Spanish and immigrant patients in a sanitary district of Madrid].", "journal": "Rev Esp Quimioter", "authors": ["Jaqueti Aroca, J", "Molina Esteban, L M", "Garcia-Arata, I", "Garcia-Martinez, J"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434297", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391666, "title": "[Roles of multidisciplinary team in diagnosis and treatment of suspected cases of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Ding, Shubo", "Yu, Shi'an", "Chen, Haijun", "Zhang, Dehe", "Xu, Yejin", "Zhu, Dan", "Cheng, Kun"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391666", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the roles of multidisciplinary team (MDT) in the diagnosis and treatment of suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical data of 48 patients with suspected COVID-19 admitted in Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital from January 21, 2020 to March 20, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. In the 48 suspected cases, 18 were diagnosed with COVID-19, and 30 were excluded. Each of the confirmed cases were discussed among MDT for 2 to 12 times with an average of (4.7\u00b13.2) times; while for non-COVID-19 patients were discussed for 2 to 4 times with an average of (2.3\u00b10.6) times. With the guidance of MDT, one COVID-19 patient was transferred to designated provincial hospital after effective treatment; one patient complicated with acute cholecystitis underwent gallbladder puncture and drainage; and COVID-19 was excluded in a highly suspected patient after alveolar lavage fluid examination. Except one transferred patient, all 17 confirmed COVID-19 patients were cured and discharged. There was no cross-infection occurred in suspected patients during the hospitalization. There were no deaths and no medical staff infections. The efficiency of diagnosis and treatment for suspected COVID-19 patients can be improved with MDT, particularly for complicated cases."}, {"pmid": 32395222, "pmcid": "PMC7202334", "title": "Delivery in Asymptomatic Italian Woman with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis", "authors": ["De Socio, Giuseppe Vittorio", "Malincarne, Lisa", "Arena, Saverio", "Troiani, Stefania", "Benedetti, Sara", "Camilloni, Barbara", "Epicoco, Giorgio", "Mencacci, Antonella", "Francisci, Daniela"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395222", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32119083, "pmcid": "PMC7108126", "title": "A case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in a pregnant woman with preterm delivery.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Xiaotong", "Zhou, Zhiqiang", "Zhang, Jianping", "Zhu, Fengfeng", "Tang, Yongyan", "Shen, Xinghua"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119083", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We presented a case of a 30-week pregnant woman with COVID-19 delivering a healthy baby with no evidence of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32374000, "title": "An update on the status of COVID-19: a comprehensive review.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Zhao, N", "Zhou, Z-L", "Wu, L", "Zhang, X-D", "Han, S-B", "Bao, H-J", "Shu, Y", "Shu, X-G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374000", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The last two decades have witnessed two large-scale pandemics caused by coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). At the end of 2019, another novel coronavirus, designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), hit Wuhan, a city in the center of China, and subsequently spread rapidly to the whole world. Latest reports revealed that more than 800 thousand people in over 200 countries are involved in the epidemic disease by SARS-CoV-2. Due to the high mortality rate and the lack of optimum therapeutics, it is crucial to understand the biological characteristics of the virus and its possible pathogenesis to respond to the SARS-CoV-2. Rapid diagnostics and effective therapeutics are also important interventions for the management of infection control. However, the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 exerted tremendous challenges on its diagnostics and therapeutics. Therefore, there is an urgent need to summarize the existing research results to guide decision-making on the prioritization of resources for research and development. In this review, we focus on our current understanding of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32391861, "title": "Telepsychiatry and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic-Current and Future Outcomes of the Rapid Virtualization of Psychiatric Care.", "journal": "JAMA Psychiatry", "authors": ["Shore, Jay H", "Schneck, Christopher D", "Mishkind, Matthew C"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391861", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425010, "pmcid": "PMC7210095", "title": "Analysis of an improved workflow of endoscope reprocessing for bedside endoscopic diagnosis and treatment on COVID-19 patients().", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Gu, Qing", "Wang, Hua-Fen", "Fang, Ying", "Lu, Ye", "Shen, Zhe", "Wang, Yan", "Wu, Xin", "Cen, Li", "Chen, Yi-Shu"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425010", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe cases infected with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), named by the World Health Organization (WHO) on Feb. 11, 2020, tend to present a hypercatabolic state because of severe systemic consumption, and are susceptible to stress ulcers and even life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment constitute an irreplaceable part in the handling of severe COVID-19 cases. Endoscopes, as reusable precision instruments with complicated structures, require more techniques than other medical devices in cleaning, disinfection, sterilization, and other reprocessing procedures. From 2016 to 2019, health care-acquired infection caused by improper endoscope reprocessing has always been among the top 5 on the list of top 10 health technology hazards issued by the Emergency Care Research Institute. Considering the highly infective nature of COVID-19 and the potential aerosol contamination therefrom, it is of pivotal significance to ensure that endoscopes are strictly reprocessed between uses. In accordance with the national standard \"Regulation for Cleaning and Disinfection Technique of Flexible Endoscope (WS507-2016),\" we improved the workflow of endoscope reprocessing including the selection of chemicals in an effort to ensure quality control throughout the clinical management towards COVID-19 patients. Based on the experience we attained from the 12 severe COVID-19 cases in our hospital who underwent endoscopy 23 times in total, the article provides an improved version of endoscopic reprocessing guidelines for bedside endoscopic diagnosis and treatment on COVID-19 patients for reference."}, {"pmid": 32242896, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Children: What Pediatric Health Care Clinicians Need to Know.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Rasmussen, Sonja A", "Thompson, Lindsay A"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242896", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400024, "pmcid": "PMC7272907", "title": "More on COVID-19 coagulopathy in Caucasian patients.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Fogarty, Helen", "Townsend, Liam", "Ni Cheallaigh, Cliona", "Bergin, Colm", "Martin-Loeches, Ignacio", "Browne, Paul", "Bacon, Christopher L", "Gaule, Richard", "Gillett, Alexander", "Byrne, Mary", "Ryan, Kevin", "O'Connell, Niamh", "O'Sullivan, Jamie M", "Conlon, Niall", "O'Donnell, James S"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400024", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343368, "pmcid": "PMC7267661", "title": "Is the use of laparoscopy in a COVID-19 epidemic free of risk?", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Schwarz, L", "Tuech, J J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343368", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418736, "pmcid": "PMC7211570", "title": "Why are women better protected from COVID-19: Clues for men? Sex and COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Elgendy, Islam Y", "Pepine, Carl J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418736", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468357, "title": "An unresponsive COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Nepal, Pankaj", "Batchala, Prem Pradeep", "Songmen, Swachchhanda", "Parashar, Kalind", "Sapire, Joshua"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468357", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neurological manifestations and complications are increasingly reported in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients. Although pulmonary manifestations are more common, patients with severe disease may present with neurological symptoms such as in our case. We describe a case report of a 50-year-old male without previous known comorbidity who was found unresponsive due to COVID-19-related neurological complications. During this pandemic, an emergency radiologist should be well acquainted with various neurological manifestations of COVID-19. In this article, we will discuss the pathogenesis, imaging findings, and differentials of this disease."}, {"pmid": 32487432, "pmcid": "PMC7203036", "title": "Rural and Remote Cardiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) Consensus Statement.", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Arnold, Ruth H", "Tideman, Philip A", "Devlin, Gerard P", "Carroll, Gerard E", "Elder, Alex", "Lowe, Harry", "Macdonald, Peter S", "Bannon, Paul G", "Juergens, Craig", "McGuire, Mark", "Mariani, Justin A", "Coffey, Sean", "Faddy, Steven", "Brown, Alex", "Inglis, Sally", "Wang, William Y S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487432", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rural and remote Australians and New Zealanders have a higher rate of adverse outcomes due to acute myocardial infarction, driven by many factors. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is also higher in regional and remote populations, and people with known CVD have increased morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition, COVID-19 is associated with serious cardiac manifestations, potentially placing additional demand on limited regional services at a time of diminished visiting metropolitan support with restricted travel. Inter-hospital transfer is currently challenging as receiving centres enact pandemic protocols, creating potential delays, and cardiovascular resources are diverted to increasing intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency department (ED) capacity. Regional and rural centres have limited staff resources, placing cardiac services at risk in the event of staff infection or quarantine during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32355014, "title": "The coronavirus czar.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Kupferschmidt, Kai"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355014", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279447, "pmcid": "PMC7262237", "title": "The Evolving Pandemic of COVID-19 and Interventional Cardiology.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Mahmud, Ehtisham"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279447", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367166, "pmcid": "PMC7196630", "title": "\"No dose\" lung ultrasound correlation with \"low dose\" CT scan for early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Duclos, Gary", "Lopez, Alexandre", "Leone, Marc", "Zieleskiewicz, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367166", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520312, "title": "Safety of drugs during previous and current coronavirus pandemics: Lessons for IBD.", "journal": "J Crohns Colitis", "authors": ["Sebastian, S", "Gonzalez, H A", "Peyrin-Biroulet, L"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520312", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed challenges in the routine care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. One of the key challenges needing addressing is the quantification of the risks of immunosuppressive and biologic therapies in IBD patients during the pandemic. The similarities and differences between the previous coronavirus outbreaks and the pathobiology of the infections can give useful information in understanding the risks, and perhaps potential beneficial aspects of drugs used in IBD. Although clinical, immunological and pharmacological data from the experience with the previous coronavirus outbreaks cannot be automatically translated to predict the safety of IBD therapies during COVID-19 pandemic, the signals so far from these outbreaks on IBD patients who are on immunomodulators and biologics are reassuring to patients and clinicians alike."}, {"pmid": 32498152, "pmcid": "PMC7169901", "title": "Factors determining the diffusion of COVID-19 and suggested strategy to prevent future accelerated viral infectivity similar to COVID.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Coccia, Mario"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498152", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study has two goals. The first is to explain the geo-environmental determinants of the accelerated diffusion of COVID-19 that is generating a high level of deaths. The second is to suggest a strategy to cope with future epidemic threats similar to COVID-19 having an accelerated viral infectivity in society. Using data on sample of N\u00a0=\u00a055 Italian province capitals, and data of infected individuals at as of April 7th, 2020, results reveal that the accelerate and vast diffusion of COVID-19 in North Italy has a high association with air pollution of cities measured with days exceeding the limits set for PM10 (particulate matter 10\u00a0\u03bcm or less in diameter) or ozone. In particular, hinterland cities with average high number of days exceeding the limits set for PM10 (and also having a low wind speed) have a very high number of infected people on 7th April 2020 (arithmetic mean is about 2200 infected individuals, with average polluted days greater than 80 days per year), whereas coastal cities also having days exceeding the limits set for PM10 or ozone but with high wind speed have about 944.70 average infected individuals, with about 60 average polluted days per year; moreover, cities having more than 100\u00a0days of air pollution (exceeding the limits set for PM10), they have a very high average number of infected people (about 3350 infected individuals, 7th April 2020), whereas cities having less than 100\u00a0days of air pollution per year, they have a lower average number of infected people (about 1014 individuals). The findings here also suggest that to minimize the impact of future epidemics similar to COVID-19, the max number of days per year that Italian provincial capitals or similar industrialized cities can exceed the limits set for PM10 or for ozone, considering their meteorological conditions, is about 48\u00a0days. Moreover, results here reveal that the explanatory variable of air pollution in cities seems to be a more important predictor in the initial phase of diffusion of viral infectivity (on 17th March 2020, b1\u00a0=\u00a01.27, p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) than interpersonal contacts (b2\u00a0=\u00a00.31, p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). In the second phase of maturity of the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, air pollution reduces intensity (on 7th April 2020 with b'1\u00a0=\u00a00.81, p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) also because of the indirect effect of lockdown, whereas regression coefficient of transmission based on interpersonal contacts has a stable level (b'2\u00a0=\u00a00.31, p\u00a0<\u00a00.01). This result reveals that accelerated transmission dynamics of COVID-19 is due to mainly to the mechanism of \"air pollution-to-human transmission\" (airborne viral infectivity) rather than \"human-to-human transmission\". Overall, then, transmission dynamics of viral infectivity, such as COVID-19, is due to systemic causes: general factors that are the same for all regions (e.g., biological characteristics of virus, incubation period, etc.) and specific factors which are different for each region and/or city (e.g., complex interaction between air pollution, meteorological conditions and biological characteristics of viral infectivity) and health level of individuals (habits, immune system, age, sex, etc.). Lessons learned for COVID-19 in the case study here suggest that a proactive strategy to cope with future epidemics is also to apply especially an environmental and sustainable policy based on reduction of levels of air pollution mainly in hinterland and polluting cities- (having low wind speed, high percentage of moisture and number of fog days) -that seem to have an environment that foster a fast transmission dynamics of viral infectivity in society. Hence, in the presence of polluting industrialization in regions that can trigger the mechanism of air pollution-to-human transmission dynamics of viral infectivity, this study must conclude that a comprehensive strategy to prevent future epidemics similar to COVID-19 has to be also designed in environmental and socioeconomic terms, that is also based on sustainability science and environmental science, and not only in terms of biology, medicine, healthcare and health sector."}, {"pmid": 32501452, "pmcid": "PMC7252101", "title": "Should COVID-19 take advice from rheumatologists?", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Kernan, Kate F", "Canna, Scott W"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501452", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403209, "title": "The Anxiety Status of Chinese Medical Workers During the Epidemic of COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Psychiatry Investig", "authors": ["Pan, Rong", "Zhang, Liqing", "Pan, Jiyang"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403209", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analysis the anxiety status of Chinese medical workers during the epidemic of COVID-19 by meta-analysis method. CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar and other databases were searched to collect literature on the anxiety status of Chinese medical workers during the epidemic of COVID-19. The retrieval time is from the database construction to 11/03/2020. Meta-analysis was performed on the included articles by using Stata 16.0 software. A total of 7 articles were included, with a total sample size of 7,741 people. Meta-analysis using the random effects model showed that the anxiety score of Chinese medical during the epidemic of COVID-19 was significantly higher than that of the national norm in each study, the difference was statistically significant [SMD (95% CI)=1.145 (0.705-1.584), p<0.001]. The anxiety level of Chinese medical workers has increased significantly during the epidemic of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32359412, "pmcid": "PMC7190305", "title": "South America prepares for the impact of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Kirby, Tony"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359412", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523146, "title": "Cardiac imaging studies in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Perez-Soriano, Patricia", "Herrera-Gomar, Magali", "Lozoya-Del Rosal, Jose J", "Fajardo-Juarez, Armando I", "Olmos-Temois, Sergio G", "Carbajal-Juarez, Isabel"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS COV2). The different cardiac imaging methods have issued specific recommendations for the different imaging methods in this pandemic, so it is essential to emphasize the recommendations for carrying out these studies."}, {"pmid": 32444880, "title": "Clinical Features and Outcomes of 105 Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Seattle, Washington.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Buckner, Frederick S", "McCulloch, Denise J", "Atluri, Vidya", "Blain, Michela", "McGuffin, Sarah A", "Nalla, Arun K", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Greninger, Alex L", "Jerome, Keith R", "Cohen, Seth A", "Neme, Santiago", "Green, Margaret L", "Chu, Helen Y", "Kim, H Nina"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444880", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Washington State served as the initial epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United States. An understanding of the risk factors and clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 may provide guidance for management. All laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in adults admitted to an academic medical center in Seattle, WA between March 2 and March 26, 2020 were included. We evaluated individuals with and without severe disease, defined as admission to the intensive care unit or death. One-hundred-five COVID-19 patients were hospitalized. Thirty-five percent were admitted from a senior home or skilled nursing facility. The median age was 69 years and half were women.Three or more comorbidities were present in 55% of patients, with hypertension (59%), obesity (47%), cardiovascular disease (38%) and diabetes (33%) being the most prevalent. Most (63%) had symptoms for 5 days or longer prior to admission. Only 39% had fever in the first 24 hours, whereas 41% had hypoxia at admission. Seventy-three percent of patients had lymphopenia. Of 50 samples available for additional testing, no viral coinfections were identified. Severe disease occurred in 49%. Eighteen percent of patients were placed on mechanical ventilation and the overall mortality rate was 33%. During the early days of the COVID-19 epidemic in Washington State, the disease had its greatest impact on elderly patients with medical comorbidities. We observed high rates of severe disease and mortality in our hospitalized patients."}, {"pmid": 32361428, "pmcid": "PMC7194802", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 partial lockdown on the air quality of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Dantas, Guilherme", "Siciliano, Bruno", "Franca, Bruno Boscaro", "da Silva, Cleyton M", "Arbilla, Graciela"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361428", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first COVID-19 case in Brazil was confirmed on February 25, 2020. On March 16, the state's governor declared public health emergency in the city of Rio de Janeiro and partial lockdown measures came into force a week later. The main goal of this work is to discuss the impact of the measures on the air quality of the city by comparing the particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone concentrations determined during the partial lockdown with values obtained in the same period of 2019 and also with the weeks prior to the virus outbreak. Concentrations varied with substantial differences among pollutants and also among the three studied monitoring stations. CO levels showed the most significant reductions (30.3-48.5%) since they were related to light-duty vehicular emissions. NO2 also showed reductions while PM10 levels were only reduced in the first lockdown week. In April, an increase in vehicular flux and movement of people was observed mainly as a consequence of the lack of consensus about the importance and need of social distancing and lockdown. Ozone concentrations increased probably due to the decrease in nitrogen oxides level. When comparing with the same period of 2019, NO2 and CO median values were 24.1-32.9 and 37.0-43.6% lower. Meteorological interferences, mainly the transport of pollutants from the industrial areas might have also impacted the results."}, {"pmid": 32525365, "title": "Role of focusing on the positive side during COVID-19 outbreak: Mental health perspective from positive psychology.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Yamaguchi, Keiko", "Takebayashi, Yoshitake", "Miyamae, Mitsuhiro", "Komazawa, Asami", "Yokoyama, Chika", "Ito, Masaya"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525365", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper discusses how positive emotions can help maintain and improve mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak, taking into account examples of social interaction and positive psychology research efforts in Japanese context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32005657, "title": "Coronavirus shows how UK must act quickly before being shut out of Europe's health protection systems.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Flear, Mark", "de Ruijter, Anniek", "McKee, Martin"], "date": "2020-02-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32005657", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516861, "title": "Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in COVID-19 patients aged >/=80 years.", "journal": "Geriatr Gerontol Int", "authors": ["Covino, Marcello", "De Matteis, Giuseppe", "Santoro, Michele", "Sabia, Luca", "Simeoni, Benedetta", "Candelli, Marcello", "Ojetti, Veronica", "Franceschi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516861", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the present study was to describe the clinical presentation of patients aged \u226580\u2009years with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and provide insights regarding the prognostic factors and the risk stratification in this population. This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study, carried out in a referral center for COVID-19 in central Italy. We reviewed the clinical records of patients consecutively admitted for confirmed COVID-19 over a 1-month period (1-31 March 2020). We excluded asymptomatic discharged patients. We identified risk factors for death, by a uni- and multivariate Cox regression analysis. To improve model fitting and hazard estimation, continuous parameters where dichotomized by using Youden's index. Overall, 69 patients, aged 80-98\u2009years, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study cohort. The median age was 84\u2009years (82-89\u2009years is interquartile range); 37 patients (53.6%) were men. Globally, 14 patients (20.3%) presented a mild, 30 (43.5%) a severe and 25 (36.2%) a critical COVID-19 disease. A total of 23 (33.3%) patients had died at 30\u2009days' follow up. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that severe dementia, pO2 \u226490 at admission and lactate dehydrogenase >464\u2009U/L were independent risk factors for death. The present data suggest that risk of death could be not age dependent in patients aged \u226580\u2009years, whereas severe dementia emerged is a relevant risk factor in this population. Severe COVID-19, as expressed by elevated lactate dehydrogenase and low oxygen saturation at emergency department admission, is associated with a rapid progression to death in these patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; \u2022\u2022: \u2022\u2022-\u2022\u2022."}, {"pmid": 32259247, "pmcid": "PMC7184417", "title": "Pain Management Best Practices from Multispecialty Organizations during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Public Health Crises.", "journal": "Pain Med", "authors": ["Cohen, Steven P", "Baber, Zafeer B", "Buvanendran, Asokumar", "McLean, L T C Brian C", "Chen, Yian", "Hooten, W Michael", "Laker, Scott R", "Wasan, W Ajay D", "Kennedy, David J", "Sandbrink, Friedhelm", "King, L T C Scott A", "Fowler, C D R Ian M", "Stojanovic, Milan P", "Hayek, Salim M", "Phillips, C D R Christopher R"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259247", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is nearly impossible to overestimate the burden of chronic pain, which is associated with enormous personal and socioeconomic costs. Chronic pain is the leading cause of disability in the world, is associated with multiple psychiatric co-morbidities, and has been causally linked for the opioid crisis. Access to pain treatment has been called a fundamental human right by numerous organizations. The current COVID-19 pandemic has strained medical resources, creating a dilemma for physicians charged with a responsibility to limit spread of the contagion, and their responsibility to treat the patients they are entrusted to care for. To address these issues, an expert panel was convened that included pain management experts from the military, Veterans Health Administration, and academia. Endorsement from stakeholder societies was sought upon completion of the document, with a 1-week suspense period. In these guidelines, we provide a framework for pain practitioners and institutions to balance the often-conflicting goals of risk mitigation for health care providers, risk mitigation for patients, conservation of resources, and access to pain management services. Specific issues discussed include general and interventional-specific risk mitigation, patient flow issues and staffing plans, telemedicine options, triaging recommendations, strategies to reduce psychological sequelae in health care providers, and resource utilization. The COVID-19 public health crisis has strained health care systems, creating a conundrum for patients, pain medicine practitioners, hospital leaders, and regulatory officials. Although this document provides a framework for pain management services, systems-wide and individual decisions must take into account clinical considerations, regional health conditions, government and hospital directives, resource availability, the welfare of health care providers. Video-Abstract link: https://vimeo.com/houpla/review/403517991/6a15e5ff38."}, {"pmid": 32450785, "title": "COVID-19 and digestive health.", "journal": "United European Gastroenterol J", "authors": ["Peck-Radosavljevic, Markus", "Danese, Silvio", "Hartmann, Daniel", "Saftoiu, Adrian", "Van Hootegem, Philippe"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450785", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496264, "title": "Concerns of Frontline Doctors in India during COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Survey.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Singh, Harshvardhan", "Sharma, Shailja"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496264", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A rapid cross-sectional survey was conducted across India among frontline allopathic doctors to know their prime concerns. Four hundred and five responses were received from 16 states and 3 union territories. Among doctors working in COVID-dedicated hospitals, 56.18% are formally trained for the same, and 40.5% of these are satisfied with the training. 47.3% of these have personal protective equipment (PPE) kits, 35.1% have no PPE kits, and 17.6% are not aware of their availability. 31.1% of doctors reported attending to COVID suspects without PPE. 58.1% of institutions have a dedicated task force, 20.3% do not, whereas 21.6% of doctors are not aware of such a task force. Only 21.6% of the participants consider their institution to be fully prepared for COVID. After performing COVID duties, 45.9% are being provided with an alternative place of stay, whereas only 16.2% have been quarantined. In non-COVID institutions, 82.4% of doctors are using protective gear, of these 35.2% procured them on their own."}, {"pmid": 32393819, "title": "COVID-19 outcomes and the human genome.", "journal": "Genet Med", "authors": ["Murray, Michael F", "Kenny, Eimear E", "Ritchie, Marylyn D", "Rader, Daniel J", "Bale, Allen E", "Giovanni, Monica A", "Abul-Husn, Noura S"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393819", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363880, "pmcid": "PMC7235633", "title": "Medical treatment options for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care", "authors": ["Delang, Leen", "Neyts, Johan"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363880", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Therapeutic options for coronavirus disease 2019 are desperately needed to respond to the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. Both antiviral drugs and immunomodulators might have their place in the management of coronavirus disease 2019. Unfortunately, no drugs have been approved yet to treat infections with human coronaviruses. As it will take years to develop new therapies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the current focus is on the repurposing of drugs that have been approved or are in development for other conditions. Several clinical trials have already been conducted or are currently ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of such drugs. Here, we discuss the potential of these therapies for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019."}, {"pmid": 32404493, "title": "COVID-19: some unanswered questions.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Welsby, Philip D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404493", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387547, "pmcid": "PMC7204697", "title": "Response to: RILI model and the Covid-19 pneumonia: The radiation oncologist point of view.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Kirkby, Charles", "Mackenzie, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387547", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389783, "pmcid": "PMC7206420", "title": "Re: Low-dose corticosteroid therapy does not delay viral clearance in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Jung, Jiwon", "Oh, Dong Kyu", "Ahn, Jee Hwan", "Hong, Sang-Bum", "Sung, Heungsup", "Kim, Mi-Na", "Kim, Sung-Han"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389783", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384284, "pmcid": "PMC7268868", "title": "Extracorporeal oxygenation and COVID-19 epidemic: is the membrane fail-safe to cross contamination?", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Squiccimarro, Enrico", "Rociola, Ruggiero", "Haumann, Renard Gerhardus", "Grasso, Salvatore", "Lorusso, Roberto", "Paparella, Domenico"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384284", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356908, "pmcid": "PMC7267673", "title": "Mathematical modeling of interaction between innate and adaptive immune responses in COVID-19 and implications for viral pathogenesis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Du, Sean Quan", "Yuan, Weiming"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356908", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have applied mathematical modeling to investigate the infections of the ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. We first validated our model using the well-studied influenza viruses and then compared the pathogenesis processes between the two viruses. The interaction between host innate and adaptive immune responses was found to be a potential cause for the higher severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Specifically, the timing mismatch between the two immune responses has a major impact on disease progression. The adaptive immune response of the COVID-19 patients is more likely to come before the peak of viral load, while the opposite is true for influenza patients. This difference in timing causes delayed depletion of vulnerable epithelial cells in the lungs in COVID-19 patients while enhancing viral clearance in influenza patients. Stronger adaptive immunity in COVID-19 patients can potentially lead to longer recovery time and more severe secondary complications. Based on our analysis, delaying the onset of adaptive immune responses during the early phase of infections may be a potential treatment option for high-risk COVID-19 patients. Suppressing the adaptive immune response temporarily and avoiding its interference with the innate immune response may allow the innate immunity to more efficiently clear the virus."}, {"pmid": 32370924, "pmcid": "PMC7169903", "title": "Personal Protective Equipment: Current Best Practices for Orthopedic Teams.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Fillingham, Yale A", "Grosso, Matthew J", "Yates, Adolph J", "Austin, Matthew S"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370924", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) virus is challenging healthcare providers across the world. Current best practices for personal protective equipment (PPE) during this time are rapidly evolving and fluid due to the novel and acute nature of the pandemic and the dearth of high-level evidence. Routine infection control practices augmented by airborne precautions are paramount when treating the COVID-19-positive patient. Best practices for PPE use in patients who have unknown COVID-19 status are a highly charged and emotional issue. The variables to be considered include protection of patients and healthcare providers, accuracy and availability of testing, and responsible use of PPE resources. This article also explores the concerns of surgeons regarding possible transmission to their own family members as a result of caring for COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32454585, "pmcid": "PMC7228866", "title": "COVID-19 testing before endoscopy safe, effective in the US.", "journal": "PharmacoEcon Outcomes News", "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454585", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414805, "title": "Prevalence of COVID-19 among patients with rheumatic diseases: the need to await results from large collaborative studies. Response to: 'COVID-19 pneumonia in a large cohort of patients treated with biological and targeted synthetic antirheumatic drugs' by Conticini et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414805", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502116, "title": "Hunting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (2019 novel coronavirus): From laboratory testing back to basic research.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Yang, De-Ming", "Chang, Tai-Jay", "Wang, Mong-Lien", "Tsai, Ping-Hsing", "Lin, Ta-Hsien", "Wang, Chin-Tien", "Liang, Kung-Hao"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502116", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in many countries causes citizens of daily inconvenience and even life-threat for elderly population. The invasion of the main pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; 2019 novel coronavirus [2019-nCoV]), into human body causes different levels of impact to various patients. One of the most important issues for COVID-19 is how to defend this virus with the ability to foresee the infected targets. Thus, we maintain the quarantined essentially as for as others saved from COVID-19. So far, the routine laboratory test to confirm whether infected by SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV or not is through real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR; quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qPCR]) with certain sequence regions that recognize SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV RNA genome. The heavy loading of rRT-PCR (qPCR) machine and handling labor have tight-packed the instruments as well as the manpower almost in every country. Therefore, the alternative approaches are eagerly waiting to be developed. In this review article, we sort out some state-of-the-art novel approaches that might be applied for a fast, sensitive, and precise detection of SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV not only to help the routine laboratory testing but also to improve effective quarantine."}, {"pmid": 32427431, "title": "Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Covid-19. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Vaduganathan, Muthiah", "Solomon, Scott D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427431", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364257, "pmcid": "PMC7267587", "title": "Surgeons' response to COVID-19 - Preparing from the sideline.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Balakumar, C", "Montauban, P", "Rait, J", "Iqbal, S", "Burr, T", "Taleb, K", "Featherstone, B", "Zarsadias, P", "Fernandes, R", "Basnyat, P", "Shah, A"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364257", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533667, "title": "Hospital Pharmacist experience in the Intensive Care Unit: Plan COVID.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Garcia-Gil, Mario", "Velayos-Amo, Carlos"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533667", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the University Hospital of Fuenlabrada\u00a0was\u00a0 forced to critically increase its capacity in the COVID-19 pandemic.\u00a0The objective of this work is to describe the activities promoted by the pharmacist\u00a0in the care\u00a0 of the critically ill patient in this context.\u00a0A new organizational structure was\u00a0 designed, analyzing the tasks necessary\u00a0to make the processes profitable. Two\u00a0 pharmacists joined the critical\u00a0patient care to help the pharmacist who was\u00a0 already integrated in the ICU\u00a0team.\u00a0The development of the operational\u00a0 structure was carried out on three\u00a0levels.\u00a0The healthcare activity highlights the\u00a0 daily participation of pharmacists\u00a0in the two clinical sessions in which the ICU\u00a0 teams evaluated all cases and\u00a0made decisions. This in turn facilitated the\u00a0 pharmaceutical validation that\u00a0was carried out in the critical units themselves. In addition, one of the pharmacists\u00a0created the Immuno-COVID Committee, in\u00a0 which they participated\u00a0together with different specialists for therapeutic\u00a0 decision-making in the most\u00a0complex cases.\u00a0On the other hand, the availability\u00a0 of human and material resources\u00a0allowed the implantation of centralized\u00a0 elaboration in the Pharmacy Service\u00a0of many intravenous mixtures, including\u00a0 antibiotics elastomers Pumps for\u00a0continuous infusion, and non-sterile\u00a0 elaborations.\u00a0In logistics management, in addition to the acquisition of COVID- 19\u00a0therapies, the reconciliation with nursing activity stands out. The physical\u00a0presence of the pharmacist favored the detection of needs, the\u00a0 availability in time of medications in the unit, including sterile and non-sterile\u00a0 preparations, and coordination with the central pharmacy. In knowledge\u00a0 management, the participation of the pharmacist in the working group for the\u00a0 development of the hospital management protocol COVID-19 stands out. The\u00a0 daily presence in the unit and the joint work with the entire multidisciplinary team demonstrate the value that the pharmacist can bring. In addition to\u00a0 efficient resource management, support for clinical decision-making and\u00a0 improvement actions, it provides the climate of inter-professional trust necessary to respond to the complexity of the critical patient and promote joint\u00a0 projects."}, {"pmid": 32515823, "title": "Homeless Shelters Face High COVID-19 Risks.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Kuehn, Bridget M"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515823", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382120, "title": "How swamped preprint servers are blocking bad coronavirus research.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Kwon, Diana"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382120", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302376, "pmcid": "PMC7184498", "title": "Erratum to: COVID-19 Through the Lens of Gerontology.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Le Couteur, David G", "Anderson, Rozalyn M", "Newman, Anne B"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302376", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333839, "pmcid": "PMC7176374", "title": "COVID-19: a need for real-time monitoring of weekly excess deaths.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Leon, David A", "Shkolnikov, Vladimir M", "Smeeth, Liam", "Magnus, Per", "Pechholdova, Marketa", "Jarvis, Christopher I"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333839", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253133, "pmcid": "PMC7270491", "title": "Using Technology to Maintain the Education of Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Surg Educ", "authors": ["Chick, Robert Connor", "Clifton, Guy Travis", "Peace, Kaitlin M", "Propper, Brandon W", "Hale, Diane F", "Alseidi, Adnan A", "Vreeland, Timothy J"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253133", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique challenge to surgical residency programs. Due to the restrictions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other organizations, the educational landscape for surgical residents is rapidly changing. In addition, the time course of these changes is undefined. We attempt to define the scope of the problem of maintaining surgical resident education while maintaining the safety of residents, educators, and patients. Within the basic framework of limiting in-person gatherings, postponing or canceling elective operations in hospitals, and limiting rotations between sites, we propose innovative solutions to maintain rigorous education. We propose several innovative solutions including the flipped classroom model, online practice questions, teleconferencing in place of in-person lectures, involving residents in telemedicine clinics, procedural simulation, and the facilitated use of surgical videos. Although there is no substitute for hands-on learning through operative experience and direct patient care, these may be ways to mitigate the loss of learning exposure during this time. These innovative solutions utilizing technology may help to bridge the educational gap for surgical residents during this unprecedented circumstance. The support of national organizations may be beneficial in maintaining rigorous surgical education."}, {"pmid": 32243949, "pmcid": "PMC7118698", "title": "Ark of Life and Hope: the role of the Cabin Hospital in facing COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Shu, L", "Ji, N", "Chen, X", "Feng, G"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243949", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493600, "pmcid": "PMC7245253", "title": "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19 in the United States.", "journal": "J Sex Med", "authors": ["Shindel, Alan W", "Rowen, Tami S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493600", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32172669, "pmcid": "PMC7103730", "title": "Diagnosis and clinical management of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: an operational recommendation of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (V2.0).", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Li, Taisheng"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32172669", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, China has been experiencing an outbreak of a new infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical features include fever, coughing, shortness of breath, and inflammatory lung infiltration. China rapidly listed SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia as a statutory infectious disease. To standardize the diagnosis and treatment of this new infectious disease, an operational recommendation for the diagnosis and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection is developed by Peking Union Medical College Hospital."}, {"pmid": 32433296, "pmcid": "PMC7268827", "title": "Should This Operation Proceed? When Residents and Faculty Disagree During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Recovery.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Tseng, Jennifer", "Roggin, Kevin K", "Angelos, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433296", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424429, "title": "Neurologically Devastating Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage in COVID-19 Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case Series.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Heman-Ackah, Sabrina M", "Su, YouRong Sophie", "Spadola, Michael", "Petrov, Dmitriy", "Chen, H Isaac", "Schuster, James", "Lucas, Timothy"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424429", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) represents a life-saving therapy in cases of refractory hypoxia and has been utilized in patients suffering from the most severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A strikingly high mortality rate of 94% was described in early reports of patients with COVID-19 transitioned to ECMO. Later case reports and series demonstrating successful recovery from COVID-19 after ECMO have revived interest in this therapeutic modality, including the recent approval of ECMO for COVID-19 patients by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Here, we present the first reports of devastating intracranial hemorrhage as a complication of veno-venous (VV) ECMO in two COVID-19 patients. We performed a retrospective analysis of 2 cases of devastating intracranial hemorrhage in patients on VV-ECMO for the treatment of COVID-19. Collected data included clinical history, laboratory results, treatment, and review of all available imaging. Both patients demonstrated activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTT) within an appropriate therapeutic range. No risk factors that clearly predicted likelihood of this complication were identified. Understanding the complications of ECMO in this cohort and developing therapeutic algorithms to aid in optimal patient selection will be critical in the limited resource setting experienced as a result of global pandemic. We propose the use of head computed tomography (CT) to identify devastating neurological complications as early as possible, aiding in the resource allocation of ECMO machines to the most appropriately selected patients."}, {"pmid": 32449100, "pmcid": "PMC7246084", "title": "Incidentally discovered COVID-19 in low-suspicion patients-a threat to front line health care workers.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Xiao, Nicholas", "Abboud, Samir", "McCarthy, Danielle M", "Parekh, Nishant"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449100", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has been responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide. Testing remains at a premium, and criteria for testing remains reserved for those with lower respiratory infection symptoms and/or a known high-risk exposure. The role of imaging in COVID-19 is rapidly evolving; however, few algorithms include imaging criteria, and it is unclear what should be done in low-suspicion patients with positive imaging findings. From 03/01/2020-03/20/2020, a retrospective review of all patients with suspected COVID-19 on imaging was performed. Imaging was interpreted by a board-certified, fellowship-trained radiologist. Patients were excluded if COVID-19 infection was suspected at the time of presentation, was the reason for imaging, or if any lower respiratory symptoms were present. Eight patients with suspected COVID-19 infection on imaging were encountered. Seven patients received testing due to suspicious imaging findings with subsequent lab-confirmed COVID-19. No patients endorsed prior exposure to COVID-19 or recent international travel. COVID-19 was suggested in six patients incidentally on abdominal CT and two on chest radiography. At the time of presentation, no patients were febrile, and seven endorsed gastrointestinal symptoms. Five COVID-19 patients eventually developed respiratory symptoms and required intubation. Two patients expired during the admission. Patients with imaging findings suspicious for COVID-19 warrant prompt reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing even in low clinical suspicion cases. The prevalence of disease in the population may be underestimated by the current paradigm of RT-PCR testing with the current clinical criteria of lower respiratory symptoms and exposure risk."}, {"pmid": 32269177, "title": "Resource Allocation and Decision Making for Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Catheterization During the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A U.S. Multi-Institutional Perspective.", "journal": "J Invasive Cardiol", "authors": ["Morray, Brian H", "Gordon, Brent M", "Crystal, Matthew A", "Goldstein, Bryan H", "Qureshi, Athar M", "Torres, Alejandro J", "Epstein, Shilpi M", "Crittendon, Ivory", "Ing, Frank F", "Sathanandam, Shyam K"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269177", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has placed severe stress on healthcare systems around the world. There is limited information on current practices in pediatric cardiac catheterization laboratories in the United States (US). To describe current practice patterns and make recommendations regarding potential resource allocation for congenital cardiac catheterization during the COVID-19 pandemic. A web-based survey was distributed regarding case candidacy and catheterization laboratory preparedness. Centers were categorized based on the current degree of disease burden in that community (as of April 1, 2020). Data and consensus opinion were utilized to develop recommendations. Respondents belonged to 56 unique US centers, with 27 (48.2%) located in counties with a high number of COVID-19 cases. All centers have canceled elective procedures. There was relative uniformity (>88% agreement) among centers as to which procedures were considered elective. To date, only three centers have performed a catheterization on a confirmed COVID-19 positive patient. Centers located in areas with a higher number of COVID-9 cases have been more involved in a simulation of donning and doffing personal protective equipment (PPE) than low-prevalence centers (46.7% vs 10.3%, respectively; P<.001). Currently, only a small fraction of operators has been reassigned to provide clinical services outside their scope of practice. At this stage in the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatric/congenital catheterization laboratories have dramatically reduced case volumes. This document serves to define current patterns and provides guidance and recommendations on the preservation and repurposing of resources to help pediatric cardiac programs develop strategies for patient care during this unprecedented crisis."}, {"pmid": 32519791, "title": "Hypoalbuminaemia in COVID-19 infection: a predictor of severity or a potential therapeutic target?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Herlekar, Rahul", "Roy, Akangsha Sur", "Matson, Montgomery"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519791", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interest the findings of Huang's et al.'s retrospective study which revealed an association between hypoalbuminaemia and mortality in COVID-19. In response to their findings we have synthesised a structured summary of the literature in order to discuss conclusions that could be drawn collectively. Furthermore, the authors also discuss a potential therapeutic role for correction of this hypoalbuminaemia. We would like to consider the applicability and relevance of the existing literature concerning albumin infusion in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and severe sepsis, the principal causes of mortality in COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32480073, "pmcid": "PMC7251359", "title": "COVID-19-associated delayed posthypoxic necrotizing leukoencephalopathy.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Radmanesh, Alireza", "Derman, Anna", "Ishida, Koto"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480073", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420817, "title": "The Value and Ethics of Using Technology to Contain the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Dubov, Alex", "Shoptaw, Steven"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420817", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390495, "title": "Balancing the Covid-19-motivated vascular access guidelines and patient-centred care of pre-dialysis candidates.", "journal": "J Vasc Access", "authors": ["Georgiadis, George S", "Argyriou, Christos", "Baktiroglu, Selcuk", "Lazarides, Miltos K", "Mallios, Alexandros", "Tordoir, Jan Hm"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390495", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recommendations recently proposed by the European and American Vascular Societies in this new 'Covid-19' era regarding the triage of various vascular operations into urgent, emergent and programmed based on the nature of their pathology aim at reserving health care expenses and hospital staff towards managing the current unexpected worldwide pandemic to the highest possible degree. The suggestion for implementation of these changes into real-world practice, however, does not come without a cost. In particular, the recommendation for deferral of access creation in pre-dialysis patients, ethical, socio-economic and medico-legal issues arise which should be seriously taken into consideration. At the end of the day, vascular access creation is the lifeline of haemodialysis patients and the indication for surgery warrants patient-specific clinical judgement rather than 'group labelling'."}, {"pmid": 32029660, "title": "China bans sale of wildlife following coronavirus.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32029660", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Josh Loeb reports on the action China is taking to prevent the spread of coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32279697, "pmcid": "PMC7180330", "title": "The largest epicenter of the coronavirus outbreak in Vietnam.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Nguyen, Trang H D", "Vu, Danh C"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279697", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292690, "pmcid": "PMC7128254", "title": "COVID-19 Severity Scoring Tool for low resourced settings.", "journal": "Afr J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Wallis, Lee A"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292690", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417872, "title": "Probable Exit Strategy Against COVID-19 of Low Resource Country like Nepal: Open Floor Discussion.", "journal": "JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc", "authors": ["Rajbhandari, Bibek", "Gurung, Minani", "Poudel, Lisasha", "Shrestha, Archana", "Karmacharya, Biraj Man"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417872", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lockdown is essential for containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. It is the best measure to maintain extreme social distancing which has been effective in controlling the infection and saving lives. But they are causing huge loss economically, disrupting social life and causing distress around the world. Reopening too quickly or too boldly without a goal-oriented strategy could mean a second wave of infection as fierce or even worse as the first. The fundamentals of the virus remain the same - one infected person will, without a lockdown pass it onto three others on average. The consequences of lifting the lockdown are unforeseeable and the stakes are high. Due to the different spectrum of severity with same strain of virus and uncertainty of post lockdown era, lifting the lockdown will be a trial and error approach. Nevertheless, at some point the lockdown has to be lifted. The strategic approach would be innumerable testing, investigations, strong contact tracing, isolation and follow-up. In a low-income country like Nepal, this will mean negotiating a tricky balance between terminating the spread of SARS-CoV-2, and allowing people to recover their livelihoods before they slip into extreme poverty and anguish."}, {"pmid": 32351851, "pmcid": "PMC7187998", "title": "A Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patient with Multifocal Pneumonia Treated with Hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Mukherjee, Aveek", "Ahmad, Mudassar", "Frenia, Douglas"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351851", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After an outbreak in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a pandemic. The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019 nCov), now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes a wide spectrum of illness and patients with underlying comorbidities have a high mortality. Here we present a 49-year-old male patient with comorbid conditions who presented with fever, cough, myalgia and shortness of breath for five days with likely exposure to a COVID-19 contact. A computed tomography scan of the thorax revealed multifocal bilateral ground-glass lung opacities with areas of subpleural sparing. He tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by nucleic acid amplification. Hydroxychloroquine therapy was started, and the patient responded favorably with improvement of symptoms. Early diagnosis and self-isolation or quarantine remain key to stemming the tide of the contagion as there is a real risk of the healthcare system being overwhelmed."}, {"pmid": 32247056, "pmcid": "PMC7270819", "title": "Palliative Care Pandemic Pack: A Specialist Palliative Care Service Response to Planning the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Ferguson, Lana", "Barham, Deborah"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247056", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Specialist palliative care services (SPCS) have a vital role to play in the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Core expertise in complex symptom management, decision making in uncertainty, advocacy and education, and ensuring a compassionate response are essential, and SPCS are well positioned to take a proactive approach in crisis management planning. SPCS resource capacity is likely to be overwhelmed, and consideration needs to be given to empowering and supporting high-quality primary palliative care in all care locations. Our local SPCS have developed a Palliative Care Pandemic Pack to disseminate succinct and specific information, guidance, and resources designed to enable the rapid upskilling of nonspecialist clinicians needing to provide palliative care. It may be a useful tool for our SPCS colleagues to adapt as we face this global challenge collaboratively."}, {"pmid": 32483649, "pmcid": "PMC7263179", "title": "Public health saves lives: sad lessons from COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Public Health", "authors": ["Potvin, Louise"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483649", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320082, "title": "Co-detection of respiratory pathogens in patients hospitalized with Coronavirus viral disease-2019 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Blasco, Maria Luisa", "Buesa, Javier", "Colomina, Javier", "Forner, Maria Jose", "Galindo, Maria Jose", "Navarro, Jorge", "Noceda, Jose", "Redon, Josep", "Signes-Costa, Jaime", "Navarro, David"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320082", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181483, "pmcid": "PMC7184328", "title": "Correlation between travellers departing from Wuhan before the Spring Festival and subsequent spread of COVID-19 to all provinces in China.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Zhong, Ping", "Guo, Songxue", "Chen, Ting"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181483", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467603, "title": "Resistance of children to Covid-19. How?", "journal": "Mucosal Immunol", "authors": ["Fischer, Alain"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467603", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470603, "pmcid": "PMC7250076", "title": "Early network properties of the COVID-19 pandemic - the Chinese scenario.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rivas, Ariel L", "Febles, Jose L", "Smith, Stephen D", "Hoogesteijn, Almira L", "Tegos, George P", "Fasina, Folorunso O", "Hittner, James B"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470603", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To control epidemics, sites more affected by mortality should be identified. Defining epidemic nodes as areas that included both most fatalities per time unit and connections, such as highways, geo-temporal Chinese data on the COVID-19 epidemic were investigated with linear, logarithmic, power, growth, exponential, and logistic regression models. A z-test compared the slopes observed. Twenty provinces suspected to act as epidemic nodes were empirically investigated. Five provinces displayed synchronicity, long-distance connections, directionality and assortativity - network properties that helped discriminate epidemic nodes. The rank I node included most fatalities and was activated first. Fewer deaths were reported, later, by rank II and III nodes While the data from rank I-III nodes exhibited slopes, the data from the remaining provinces did not. The power curve was the best fitting model for all slopes. Because all pairs (rank I vs. rank II, rank I vs. rank III, and rank II vs. rank III) of epidemic nodes differed statistically, rank I-III epidemic nodes were geo-temporally and statistically distinguishable. The geo-temporal progression of epidemics seems to be highly structured. Epidemic network properties can distinguish regions that differ in mortality. This real-time geo-referenced analysis can inform both decision-makers and clinicians."}, {"pmid": 32307086, "pmcid": "PMC7194851", "title": "[Practitioners specialized in oral health and coronavirus disease 2019: Professional guidelines from the French society of stomatology, maxillofacial surgery and oral surgery, to form a common front against the infectious risk].", "journal": "J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg", "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307086", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285929, "title": "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cardiol J", "authors": ["Smereka, Jacek", "Puslecki, Mateusz", "Ruetzler, Kurt", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J", "Jaguszewski, Milosz", "Ladny, Jerzy R", "Szarpak, Lukasz"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285929", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281328, "title": "[Study on screening potential traditional Chinese medicines against 2019-nCoV based on Mpro and PLP].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ma, Jing", "Huo, Xiao-Qian", "Chen, Xi", "Zhu, Wei-Xing", "Yao, Mei-Cun", "Qiao, Yan-Jiang", "Zhang, Yan-Ling"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281328", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the rapid outbreak of COVID-19, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been playing an active role against the epidemic. However, the screening of TCM is limited by the development cycle and laboratory conditions, which greatly limits the screening speed. This study established optimization docking models and virtual screening to discovery potential active herbs for the prevention and treatment of the novel coronavirus based on molecular docking technology. The crystal structures of 3 CL protease(Mpro) and papain-like protease(PLP) were obtained from PDB database and homologous modeling respectively, and were used to conduct virtual screening of TCMD 2009 database by CDOCKER program. The ingredients scored in the top 100 were selected respectively, and the candidate herbs were ranked by the numbers of hit molecules. Based on Mpro inhibitors screening, 12 322 potential active components were obtained, and the representative active components included aster pentapeptide A, ligustrazine, salvianolic acid B, etc., and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Asteris Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Dianthi Herba, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Cistanches Herba were obtained. While 11 294 potential active ingredients were obtained by PLP inhibitor screening, representative active ingredients included gingerketophenol, ginkgol alcohol, ferulic acid, etc., and Codonopsis Radix, Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Ginkgo Semen, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Trichosanthis Fructus, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Psoraleae Fructus, Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix were chosen. By combining the diagnosis and treatment scheme of Hunan province's and angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2) inhibitors screening from literature, present study also discussed the rational application of candidate herbs to this epidemic situation. Trichosanthis Fructus obtained by PLP inhibitors screening and Fritillaria verticillata obtained by ACE2 inhibitors screening were parts of the Sangbei Zhisou Powder and Xiaoxianxiong Decoction, which might be applicable to the syndromes of cough and dyspnea. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma screened by Mpro and Trichosanthis Fructus screened by PLP were contained in Maxing Shigan Decoction and Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction, and could be applied to the syndromes of epidemic virus blocking lung. Mori Folium, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Forsythiae Fructus obtained by ACE2 inhibitors screening were included in the Sangju Decoction and Yinqiaosan, which might be applicable to the syndromes of warm pathogen attacking lung and cough and dyspnea. The results of this study are intended to provide a reference for the further development of traditional Chinese medicine to deal with the new epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32056249, "pmcid": "PMC7166760", "title": "Overlapping and discrete aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the emerging human pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Jia", "Zheng, Xin", "Tong, Qiaoxia", "Li, Wei", "Wang, Baoju", "Sutter, Kathrin", "Trilling, Mirko", "Lu, Mengji", "Dittmer, Ulf", "Yang, Dongliang"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32056249", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "First reported from Wuhan, The\u00a0People's Republic of China, on 31 December 2019, the ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causes great global concerns. Based on the advice of the International Health Regulations Emergency Committee and the fact that to date 24 other countries also reported cases, the WHO Director-General declared that the outbreak of 2019-nCoV constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020. Together with the other two highly pathogenic coronaviruses, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), 2019-nCov and other yet to be identified coronaviruses pose a global threat to public health. In this mini-review, we provide a brief introduction to the pathology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and extrapolate this knowledge to the newly identified 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32495331, "title": "[Exploring the Stress, Psychological Distress, and Stress-relief Strategies of Taiwan Nursing Staffs Facing the Global Outbreak of COVID-19].", "journal": "Hu Li Za Zhi", "authors": ["Feng, Ming-Chu", "Wu, Hsiang-Chun", "Lin, Hui-Tzu", "Lei, Lei", "Chao, Chia-Ling", "Lu, Chun-Mei", "Yang, Wan-Ping"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495331", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began in December 2019. The high levels of stress experienced by nurses during this pandemic may have immediate and long-term effects on their mental health. To explore the stress and psychological problems of nurses during this pandemic and to identify strategies used by these nurses to relieve stress. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted that included a basic information datasheet, stress of nursing staff during COVID-19 outbreak scale, psychological distress scale, and stress relief methods survey form. Convenience sampling was used and a total of 469 practicing nurses participated in this study. Most of the participants expressed concerns about living problems (72.7%). On the stress questionnaire, the facets of \"burden of taking care of patients\" and \"worries about social isolation\" earned the first and second highest scores, respectively. In terms of items, \"worrying about infecting family members and friends\" and \"worrying about being separated from family after being infected\" earned the two highest scores (2.35 \u00b1 0.79 and 2.17 \u00b1 0.92, respectively). Scores for psychological distress averaged 5.49 \u00b1 3.83, with stress anxiety (1.32 \u00b1 0.84) earning the highest mean subscale score followed by distress and irritability (1.17 \u00b1 0.92) and depression (1.12 \u00b1 0.94). Nearly two-thirds (61.8%) of the participants earned psychological and emotional distress scores within the 'normal' range, and 3.4% earned scores indicating severe distress. \"Receiving education and training\" was the most common method used by the participants to relieve stress (2.27 \u00b1 0.51). The following six strategies are proposed based on the above findings: (1) Caring: provide psychological assessment and care; (2) Supporting: create a friendly team atmosphere and provide support; (3) Inquiring: recruit volunteers with relevant experience; (4) Informing: provide timely, open, and transparent epidemic-prevention information; (5) Equipping: provide complete and appropriate epidemic-prevention education and training; (6) Assisting: establish a strategy for family support and caring to reduce the stress and worries of nurses."}, {"pmid": 32387544, "pmcid": "PMC7204656", "title": "Response to: Low dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia a double-edged sword.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Kirkby, Charles", "Mackenzie, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387544", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483586, "title": "Clinical Validation of a SARS-CoV-2 Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR Assay Targeting the Nucleocapsid Gene.", "journal": "J Appl Lab Med", "authors": ["SoRelle, Jeffrey A", "Frame, Ithiel", "Falcon, Alejandra", "Jacob, Jerin", "Wagenfuehr, Jennifer", "Mitui, Midori", "Park, Jason Y", "Filkins, Laura"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483586", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA is important for the diagnosis and management of COVID-19. We present a clinical validation of a RT-PCR assay for the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N1) gene. Offboard lysis on an automated nucleic acid extraction system (EMAG\u00ae) was optimized with endemic Coronaviruses (OC43 and NL63). Genomic RNA and SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a recombinant viral protein coat (Accuplex) were used as control materials and compared for recovery from nucleic acid extraction. Nucleic acid extraction showed decreased recovery of endemic Coronavirus in vitro transcribed RNA (NL63) compared to attenuated virus (OC43). SARS-CoV-2 RNA (Accuplex) had more reliable recovery from extraction through amplification compared to genomic RNA. Recovery of genomic RNA was improved by combining lysis buffer with clinical matrix prior to adding RNA. The RT-PCR assay demonstrated 100% in silico sensitivity and specificity. The accuracy across samples was 100% (75 of 75). Precision studies showed 100% intra-run, inter-run, and inter-technologist concordance. The limit of detection was 264 copies per ml (estimated 5 copies per reaction; 35.56 mean Ct value). This SARS-CoV-2 assay demonstrates appropriate characteristics for use under an emergency use authorization. Endemic Coronavirus controls were useful in optimizing the extraction procedure. In the absence of live or attenuated virus, recombinant virus in a protein coat is an appropriate control specimen type for assay validation during a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32504235, "pmcid": "PMC7274517", "title": "Sexual Behaviors During COVID-19: The Potential Risk of Transmission.", "journal": "Arch Sex Behav", "authors": ["Cipriano, Massimiliano", "Giacalone, Andrea", "Ruberti, Enzo"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504235", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459675, "pmcid": "PMC7268839", "title": "Proposed Changes to the 2021 Residency Application Process in the Wake of COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Gabrielson, Andrew T", "Kohn, Jaden R", "Sparks, Hayley T", "Clifton, Marisa M", "Kohn, Taylor P"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459675", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unique challenges to the delivery of undergraduate medical education, particularly for current third-year medical students who are preparing to apply to residency. In mid-March, medical schools suspended all clinical rotations for the remainder of the 2019-2020 academic year. As such, third-year medical students may not be able to complete sufficient clinical experiences to make important career choices before they have to submit their residency applications. While the decision to suspend clinical rotations was necessary to protect students, specialty organizations and residency programs must mitigate the deficits in students' clinical education caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.In this Perspective, the authors identify potential challenges for third-year medical students and advocate for solutions to improve the residency application process for students and programs. First, they propose delaying the date that programs can access applicant data through the Electronic Residency Application Service, thereby affording students more time to complete clinical experiences, solidify their specialty decision, and strengthen their residency application. Second, the authors recommend a restriction on the number of visiting rotations that students are expected to complete to allow for a more equitable distribution of these important experiences. Third, they suggest that program directors from each specialty agree on a maximum number of applications per applicant (based on historical data) to curb an upsurge in applications that may stem from the unique circumstances created by COVID-19 without causing applicants undue stress. Lastly, the authors advocate that residency programs develop infrastructure to conduct video-based interviews and engage students through virtual networking events.Amidst the unique environment created by COVID-19, the authors urge governing bodies, specialty organizations, and residency programs to consider these recommendations to improve the efficiency and reduce the stress surrounding the 2021 Match."}, {"pmid": 32437740, "pmcid": "PMC7211641", "title": "The immunologic status of newborns born to SARS-CoV2-infected mothers in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Liu, Pin", "Zheng, Junwen", "Yang, Pu", "Wang, Xia", "Wei, Cong", "Zhang, Shiyu", "Feng, Shuwen", "Lan, Jing", "He, Bingyan", "Zhao, Dongchi", "Li, Jiafu", "Zhang, Yuanzhen"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437740", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Immunologic dysfunction due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is closely related to clinical prognosis, and the inflammatory response of pregnant women may affect the directional differentiation and function of fetal immune cells. We sought to analyze the immune status of newborns from mothers with COVID-19 in the third trimester. Along with collecting the clinical data from 51 newborns and their respective mothers, we recorded the immunophenotypes and cytokine and immunoglobulin levels of the newborns. None of the 51 newborns showed fever or respiratory distress during hospitalization. Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid in pharyngeal swabs was negative. Except for the low level of CD16-CD56 cells, the count and proportion of lymphocytes, CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD19 were all in the normal range. Moreover, the serum IgG and IgM levels were within the normal range, whereas IL-6 showed increased levels. There was no correlation between maternal COVID-19 duration and the lymphocyte subsets or cytokine levels (IFN-\u03b3, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-\u03b1). There was a positive correlation between IL-6 and IL-10 levels and CD16-CD56 cells. One (1.96%) infant with an extremely elevated IL-6 concentration developed necrotizing enterocolitis in the third week after birth, and the remaining 50 infants did not show abnormal symptoms through the end of the follow-up period. COVID-19 in the third trimester did not significantly affect the cellular and humoral immunity of the fetus, and there was no evidence that the differentiation of lymphocyte subsets was seriously unbalanced."}, {"pmid": 32297932, "pmcid": "PMC7184486", "title": "Decline of acute coronary syndrome admissions in Austria since the outbreak of COVID-19: the pandemic response causes cardiac collateral damage.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Metzler, Bernhard", "Siostrzonek, Peter", "Binder, Ronald K", "Bauer, Axel", "Reinstadler, Sebastian Johannes"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297932", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282256, "title": "Response to the Letter to the Editor: How to Deal with Suspended Oral Treatment during the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "J Dent Res", "authors": ["Meng, L", "Hua, F", "Bian, Z"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282256", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372803, "pmcid": "PMC7194712", "title": "Children and covid-19.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Ramchandani, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372803", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Children will face many hidden negative effects from the new coronavirus- it's not too late to avert them, says Paul Ramchandani."}, {"pmid": 32468998, "title": "Factors Associated with Resilience Among Medical Staff in Radiology Departments During The Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Cross-Sectional Study.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Huang, Lei", "Wang, Yun", "Liu, Juan", "Ye, Pengfei", "Cheng, Bochao", "Xu, Huayan", "Qu, Haibo", "Ning, Gang"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468998", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that in the face of life adversity, threats, or other major stressful events, resilience is more conducive to individual adaptation and growth. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale were used to evaluate the resilience and perceived stress of 600 medical staff members from the radiology departments in 32 public hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, respectively. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze factors related to resilience. RESULTS The total resilience score was 65.76\u00b117.26, wherein the toughness dimension score was 33.61\u00b19.52, the strength dimension score was 21.25\u00b15.50, and the optimism dimension score was 10.91\u00b13.15. There was a significant negative correlation between perceived stress and resilience (r=-0.635, P<0.001). According to multivariate analysis, the total perceived stress score (\u00df=-1.318, P<0.001), gender (\u00df=-4.738, P<0.001), knowledge of COVID-19 (\u00df=2.884, P=0.043), knowledge of COVID-19 protective measures (\u00df=3.260, P=0.042), and availability of adequate protective materials (\u00df=-1.268, P=0.039) were independent influencing factors for resilience. CONCLUSIONS The resilience level of the medical staff in the radiology departments during the outbreak of COVID-19 was generally low, particularly regarding toughness. More attention should be paid to resilience influence factors such as high perceived stress, female gender, lack of understanding of COVID-19 and protective measures, and lack of protective materials, and targeted interventions should be undertaken to improve the resilience level of the medical staff in the radiology departments during the outbreak of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32191676, "title": "Natural small molecules as inhibitors of coronavirus lipid-dependent attachment to host cells: a possible strategy for reducing SARS-COV-2 infectivity?", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Baglivo, Mirko", "Baronio, Manuela", "Natalini, Giuseppe", "Beccari, Tommaso", "Chiurazzi, Pietro", "Fulcheri, Ezio", "Petralia, Paolo Pietro", "Michelini, Sandro", "Fiorentini, Giovanni", "Miggiano, Giacinto Abele", "Morresi, Assunta", "Tonini, Gerolamo", "Bertelli, Matteo"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191676", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral infectivity depends on interactions between components of the host cell plasma membrane and the virus envelope. Here we review strategies that could help stem the advance of the SARS-COV-2 epidemic. We focus on the role of lipid structures, such as lipid rafts and cholesterol, involved in the process, mediated by endocytosis, by which viruses attach to and infect cells. Previous studies have shown that many naturally derived substances, such as cyclodextrin and sterols, could reduce the infectivity of many types of viruses, including the coronavirus family, through interference with lipid-dependent attachment to human host cells. Certain molecules prove able to reduce the infectivity of some coronaviruses, possibly by inhibiting viral lipid-dependent attachment to host cells. More research into these molecules and methods would be worthwhile as it could provide insights the mechanism of transmission of SARS-COV-2 and, into how they could become a basis for new antiviral strategies."}, {"pmid": 32362244, "title": "Management of acute ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 infection: Report of an international panel.", "journal": "Int J Stroke", "authors": ["Qureshi, Adnan I", "Abd-Allah, Foad", "Alsenani, Fahmi", "Aytac, Emrah", "Borhani-Haghighi, Afshin", "Ciccone, Alfonso", "Gomez, Camilo R", "Gurkas, Erdem", "Hsu, Chung Y", "Jani, Vishal", "Jiao, Liqun", "Kobayashi, Adam", "Lee, Jun", "Liaqat, Jahanzeb", "Mazighi, Mikael", "Parthasarathy, Rajsrinivas", "Steiner, Thorsten", "Suri, M Fareed K", "Toyoda, Kazunori", "Ribo, Marc", "Gongora-Rivera, Fernando", "Oliveira-Filho, Jamary", "Uzun, Guven", "Wang, Yongjun"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362244", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 11 March 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 infection a pandemic. The risk of ischemic stroke may be higher in patients with COVID-19 infection similar to those with other respiratory tract infections. We present a comprehensive set of practice implications in a single document for clinicians caring for adult patients with acute ischemic stroke with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection. The practice implications were prepared after review of data to reach the consensus among stroke experts from 18 countries. The writers used systematic literature reviews, reference to previously published stroke guidelines, personal files, and expert opinion to summarize existing evidence, indicate gaps in current knowledge, and when appropriate, formulate practice implications. All members of the writing group had opportunities to comment in writing on the practice implications and approved the final version of this document. This document with consensus is divided into 18 sections. A total of 41 conclusions and practice implications have been developed. The document includes practice implications for evaluation of stroke patients with caution for stroke team members to avoid COVID-19 exposure, during clinical evaluation and performance of imaging and laboratory procedures with special considerations of intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy in stroke patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. These practice implications with consensus based on the currently available evidence aim to guide clinicians caring for adult patients with acute ischemic stroke who are suspected of, or confirmed, with COVID-19 infection. Under certain circumstances, however, only limited evidence is available to support these practice implications, suggesting an urgent need for establishing procedures for the management of stroke patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32273156, "pmcid": "PMC7270628", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care.", "journal": "J Endod", "authors": ["Ather, Amber", "Patel, Biraj", "Ruparel, Nikita B", "Diogenes, Anibal", "Hargreaves, Kenneth M"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated coronavirus disease has gripped the entire international community and caused widespread public health concerns. Despite global efforts to contain the disease spread, the outbreak is still on a rise because of the community spread pattern of this infection. This is a zoonotic infection, similar to other coronavirus infections, that is believed to have originated in bats and pangolins and later transmitted to humans. Once in the human body, this coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients, and its spread is predominantly thought to be respiratory droplet/contact in nature. Dental professionals, including endodontists, may encounter patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and will have to act diligently not only to provide care but at the same time prevent nosocomial spread of infection. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of the epidemiology, symptoms, and routes of transmission of this novel infection. In addition, specific recommendations for dental practice are suggested for patient screening, infection control strategies, and patient management protocol."}, {"pmid": 32515023, "title": "A call for the appropriate application of clinical pharmacological principles in the search for safe and efficacious COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2) treatments.", "journal": "Br J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Baker, Emma H", "Gnjidic, Danijela", "Kirkpatrick, Carl M J", "Pirmohamed, Sir Munir", "Wright, Daniel F B", "Zecharia, Anna Y"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515023", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216858, "pmcid": "PMC7156570", "title": "Trust in Humanitarian Aid From the Earthquake in 2017 to COVID-19 in Iran: A Policy Analysis.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Seddighi, Hamed"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216858", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The earthquake of November 2017, the great flood of April 2019, and the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 are 3 major emergencies in Iran during the last 3 years. A common issue in all of these crises seems to be the issue of \"trust.\" Official authorities, including the Iranian President, ministers, and the judiciary system, tried to gain people's trust by either changing policies or developing new ones. In August 2019, the new law on crisis management in Iran went into effect and the issue of public donation has been considered, too. Also, in their response to the COVID-19 outbreak, Iranian officials ordered all sectors to cooperate with the Ministry of Health and provide it with all necessary facilities. Therefore, it seems that new policies are still needed to overcome mistrust in Iran at times of emergency. Developing a policy on donation management was the first step, and there are several factors that could have contributed to the perception of the mistrust and failure in emergency missions. Mistrust can be the result of different causes, including but not limited to lack of knowledge on capabilities and efficiencies of humanitarian organizations, engagement of a wide range of organizations from different categories, extension of mistrust of an organization to other emergency organizations in the area or all of operation, lack of unity in emergency response, and poor public relations."}, {"pmid": 32383237, "pmcid": "PMC7262018", "title": "Effects of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors on lung function: A reason for discontinuation during COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kroumpouzos, George"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383237", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378288, "pmcid": "PMC7267281", "title": "Touch in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Mehta-Lee, Shilpi S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378288", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268710, "title": "[Suggestions on delivery management of pregnant women with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268710", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492097, "title": "Potential Implications of COVID-19 for the 2020-2021 Residency Application Cycle.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Hammoud, Maya M", "Standiford, Taylor", "Carmody, J Bryan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492097", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278764, "pmcid": "PMC7144611", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: Knowledge in progress.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Hussain, Akhtar", "Bhowmik, Bishwajit", "do Vale Moreira, Nayla Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278764", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to briefly review the general characteristics of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and provide a better understanding of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in people with diabetes, and its management. We searched for articles in PubMed and Google Scholar databases till 02 April 2020, with the following keywords: \"SARS-CoV-2\", \"COVID-19\", \"infection\", \"pathogenesis\", \"incubation period\", \"transmission\", \"clinical features\", \"diagnosis\", \"treatment\", \"diabetes\", with interposition of the Boolean operator \"AND\". The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is heterogeneous, ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure and death. Older age, diabetes and other comorbidities are reported as significant predictors of morbidity and mortality. Chronic inflammation, increased coagulation activity, immune response impairment, and potential direct pancreatic damage by SARS-CoV-2 might be among the underlying mechanisms of the association between diabetes and COVID-19. No conclusive evidence exists to support the discontinuation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers or thiazolidinediones because of COVID-19 in people with diabetes. Caution should be taken to potential hypoglycemic events with the use of chloroquine in these subjects. Patient tailored therapeutic strategies, rigorous glucose monitoring and careful consideration of drug interactions might reduce adverse outcomes. Suggestions are made on the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19, and its management. No definite conclusions can be made based on current limited evidence. Further research regarding this relationship and its clinical management is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32513657, "title": "Laying straw men to rest: author's reply to \"Urgency and uncertainty: covid-19, face masks, and evidence informed policy\".", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Greenhalgh, Trisha"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513657", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343429, "pmcid": "PMC7267383", "title": "Elevated interleukin-6 and severe COVID-19: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Aziz, Muhammad", "Fatima, Rawish", "Assaly, Ragheb"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343429", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436491, "title": "Uncomfortably Numb: Suicide and the Psychological Undercurrent of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Hughes, Hannah", "Macken, Maria", "Butler, Joseph", "Synnott, Keith"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436491", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265568, "title": "COVID-19: review Indigenous peoples' data.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Zavaleta, Carol"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265568", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449128, "pmcid": "PMC7246222", "title": "Covid-19 transmission, outcome and associated risk factors in cancer patients at the first month of the pandemic in a Spanish hospital in Madrid.", "journal": "Clin Transl Oncol", "authors": ["Rogado, J", "Obispo, B", "Pangua, C", "Serrano-Montero, G", "Martin Marino, A", "Perez-Perez, M", "Lopez-Alfonso, A", "Gullon, P", "Lara, M A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449128", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are no large reported series determining the Covid-19 cancer patient's characteristics. We determine whether differences exist in cumulative incidence and mortality of Covid-19 infection between cancer patients and general population in Madrid. We reviewed 1069 medical records of all cancer patients admitted at Oncology department between Feb 1 and April 7, 2020. We described Covid-19 cumulative incidence, treatment outcome, mortality, and associated risk factors. We detected 45/1069 Covid-19 diagnoses in cancer patients vs 42,450/6,662,000 in total population (p\u2009<\u20090.00001). Mortality rate: 19/45 cancer patients vs 5586/42,450 (p\u2009=\u20090.0001). Mortality was associated with older median age, adjusted by staging and histology (74 vs 63.5\u00a0years old, OR 1.06, p\u2009=\u20090.03). Patients who combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin presented 3/18 deaths, regardless of age, staging, histology, cancer treatment and comorbidities (OR 0.02, p\u2009=\u20090.03). Cancer patients are vulnerable to Covid-19 with an increase in complications. Combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin is presented as a good treatment option."}, {"pmid": 32250388, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic in the US: A Clinical Update.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Omer, Saad B", "Malani, Preeti", "Del Rio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250388", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385976, "title": "Diagnostic role of chest computed tomography in coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Jedrusik, Piotr", "Gaciong, Zbigniew", "Sklinda, Katarzyna", "Sierpinski, Radoslaw", "Walecki, Jerzy", "Gujski, Mariusz"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385976", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a novel strain of coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that appeared in China in December 2019 and spread globally, evolving into the currently observed pandemic. The laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is currently based on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, and imaging cannot replace genetic testing in patients suspected of COVID-19. However, with predominant respiratory manifestations of COVID-19, particularly in more severe cases, chest imaging using computed tomography (CT) plays a major role in detecting viral lung infection, evaluating the nature and extent of pulmonary lesions, and monitoring the disease activity. The role of chest CT as a diagnostic tool may be increased when the laboratory testing capacities using RT-PCR prove inaccurate or insufficient during a major outbreak of the disease. In these settings, a rapid presumptive diagnosis of COVID-19 potentially offered by CT might be an advantage, in addition to obvious benefits of delineating the nature and extent of pulmonary changes. In the present paper, we reviewed the diagnostic role of chest CT in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32359402, "pmcid": "PMC7252177", "title": "Considering BCG vaccination to reduce the impact of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Curtis, Nigel", "Sparrow, Annie", "Ghebreyesus, Tedros A", "Netea, Mihai G"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359402", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343947, "pmcid": "PMC7182755", "title": "Respiratory Muscle Performance Screening for Infectious Disease Management Following COVID-19: A Highly Pressurized Situation.", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Severin, Richard", "Arena, Ross", "Lavie, Carl J", "Bond, Samantha", "Phillips, Shane A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343947", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019-2020 coronavirus pandemic elucidated how a single highly infectious virus can overburden health care systems of even highly economically developed nations. A leading contributor to these concerning outcomes is a lack of available intensive care unit (ICU) beds and mechanical ventilation support. Poorer health is associated with a higher risk for severe respiratory complications from the coronavirus. We hypothesize that impaired respiratory muscle performance is an underappreciated factor contributing to poor outcomes unfolding during the coronavirus pandemic. Although impaired respiratory muscle performance is considered to be rare, it is more frequently encountered in patients with poorer health, in particular obesity. However, measures of respiratory muscle performance are not routinely performed in clinical practice, including those with symptoms such as dyspnea. The purpose of this article is to discuss the potential role of respiratory muscle performance from the perspective of the coronavirus pandemic. We also provide a theoretical patient management model to screen for impaired respiratory muscle performance and intervention, if identified, with the goal of unburdening health care systems during future pandemic crises."}, {"pmid": 32513639, "title": "COVID-19 The Great Disruptor.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Nikkhah, Mr Dariush"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513639", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365944, "title": "SARS Unique Domain (SUD) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent CXCL10-Mediated Pulmonary Inflammation.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Chang, Young-Sheng", "Ko, Bo-Han", "Ju, Jyh-Cherng", "Chang, Hsin-Hou", "Huang, Su-Hua", "Lin, Cheng-Wen"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365944", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) initiates the cytokine/chemokine storm-mediated lung injury. The SARS-CoV unique domain (SUD) with three macrodomains (N, M, and C), showing the G-quadruplex binding activity, was examined the possible role in SARS pathogenesis in this study. The chemokine profile analysis indicated that SARS-CoV SUD significantly up-regulated the expression of CXCL10, CCL5 and interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 in human lung epithelial cells and in the lung tissues of the mice intratracheally instilled with the recombinant plasmids. Among the SUD subdomains, SUD-MC substantially activated AP-1-mediated CXCL10 expression in vitro. In the wild type mice, SARS-CoV SUD-MC triggered the pulmonary infiltration of macrophages and monocytes, inducing CXCL10-mediated inflammatory responses and severe diffuse alveolar damage symptoms. Moreover, SUD-MC actuated NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-dependent pulmonary inflammation, as confirmed by the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor and the NLRP3-/- mouse model. This study demonstrated that SARS-CoV SUD modulated NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent CXCL10-mediated pulmonary inflammation, providing the potential therapeutic targets for developing the antiviral agents."}, {"pmid": 32406543, "pmcid": "PMC7272814", "title": "Ethical reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic: The epidemiology of panic.", "journal": "J Paediatr Child Health", "authors": ["Isaacs, David", "Britton, Philip N", "Preisz, Anne"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406543", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386431, "pmcid": "PMC7272929", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic infection in a patient under treatment with dupilumab.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Caroppo, F", "Biolo, G", "Belloni Fortina, A"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386431", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516733, "title": "B-cell engineering: A promising approach towards vaccine development for COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Faiq, Muneeb A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516733", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the number of cases crossing six million (and more than three hundred and seventy thousand deaths) worldwide, there is a dire need of a vaccine (and repurposing of drugs) for SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19). It can be argued that a vaccine may be the most efficient way to contain the spread of this disease and prevent its future onset. While many attempts are being made to design and develop a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2, pertinent technological hitches do exist. That is perhaps one of the reasons that we don't have vaccine for coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-1 and MERS). Recently developed CRISPR-mediated genome editing approach can be repurposed into a cell-modification endeavor in addition to (and rather than) correcting defective parts of genome. With this premise, B-cells can be engineered into universal donor, antigen specific, perpetually viable, long lasting, non-oncogenic, relatively benign, antibody producing cells which may serve as an effective vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 and, by the same rationale, other viruses and pathogens."}, {"pmid": 32133833, "title": "[The differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients during the outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhu, W J", "Wang, J", "He, X H", "Qin, Y", "Yang, S", "Hu, X S", "Wang, H Y", "Huang, J", "Zhou, A P", "Ma, F", "Shi, Y K", "Zhou, S Y"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133833", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the principles of differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients during the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by analyzing one case of lymphoma who presented pulmonary ground-glass opacities (GGO) after courses of chemotherapy. Methods: Baseline demographics and clinicopathological data of eligible patients were retrieved from medical records. Information of clinical manifestations, history of epidemiology, lab tests and chest CT scan images of visiting patients from February 13 to February 28 were collected. Literatures about pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients were searched from databases including PUBMED, EMBASE and CNKI. Results: Among the 139 cancer patients who underwent chest CT scans before chemotherapy, pulmonary infiltrates were identified in eight patients (5.8%), five of whom were characterized with GGOs in lungs. 2019-nCoV nuclear acid testing was performed in three patients and the results were negative. One case was a 66-year-old man who was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and underwent CHOP chemotherapy regimen. His chest CT scan image displayed multiple GGOs in lungs and the complete blood count showed decreased lymphocytes. This patient denied any contact with confirmed/suspected cases of 2019-nCoV infection, fever or other respiratory symptoms. Considering the negative result of nuclear acid testing, this patient was presumptively diagnosed with viral pneumonia and an experiential anti-infection treatment had been prescribed for him. Conclusions: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) complicates the clinical scenario of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients. The epidemic history, clinical manifestation, CT scan image and lab test should be taken into combined consideration. The 2019-nCoV nuclear acid testing might be applied in more selected patients. Active anti-infection treatment and surveillance of patient condition should be initiated if infectious disease is considered."}, {"pmid": 32460208, "pmcid": "PMC7236677", "title": "Sodium chromo-glycate and palmitoylethanolamide: A possible strategy to treat mast cell-induced lung inflammation in COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Gigante, Antonio", "Aquili, Alberto", "Farinelli, Luca", "Caraffa, Alessandro", "Ronconi, Gianpaolo", "Enrica Gallenga, Carla", "Tete, Giulia", "Kritas, Spyros K", "Conti, Pio"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460208", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (also referred to as CoV-19) that emerged in late 2019 causes Covid-19 disease a respiratory tract infection which provokes about 4 million deaths per year. Unfortunately, to date, there is no specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19. Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells implicated in the pathogenesis of viral infections, where they mediate inflammation. Microbes, including virus, activate MCs through TLR releasing chemical pro-inflammatory compounds and cytokines. Although, in biomedical literature there are only few reports on MCs activation by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by MC viral activation leads to increase pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Sodium Chromo-Glycate (SCG) described as a MC stabilizer, prevents the release of inflammatory chemical compounds, improve mouse survival and respiratory pathological changes in lung viral infection and suppresses inflammation. Furthermore, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) a nuclear factor agonist, an endogenous fatty acid amide, which exerts a variety of biological effects, related to chronic inflammation and pain, is involved also in MCs homeostasis with an inhibitory and protective effect on the respiratory tract during viral infections. Here, we hypothesize for the first time, that SCG and/or PEA suppress MC activation and pro-inflammatory mediators release, playing an anti-inflammatory therapeutic role in the inflamed lung of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32308203, "pmcid": "PMC7151456", "title": "Patients with respiratory symptoms are at greater risk of COVID-19 transmission.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Yang, Rongrong", "Gui, Xien", "Xiong, Yong"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308203", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303837, "pmcid": "PMC7163169", "title": "Multiple sclerosis and the risk of infection: considerations in the threat of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Willis, M D", "Robertson, N P"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303837", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374074, "pmcid": "PMC7262888", "title": "Potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug candidates identified through virtual screening of the ChEMBL database for compounds that target the main coronavirus protease.", "journal": "FEBS Open Bio", "authors": ["Tsuji, Motonori"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374074", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or 2019 novel coronavirus] has been identified as the pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019. The main protease (Mpro , also called 3-chymotrypsin-like protease) of SARS-CoV-2 is a potential target for treatment of COVID-19. A Mpro homodimer structure suitable for docking simulations was prepared using a crystal structure (PDB ID: 6Y2G; resolution 2.20\u00a0\u00c5). Structural refinement was performed in the presence of peptidomimetic \u03b1-ketoamide inhibitors, which were previously disconnected from each Cys145 of the Mpro homodimer, and energy calculations were performed. Structure-based virtual screenings were performed using the ChEMBL database. Through a total of 1\u00a0485\u00a0144 screenings, 64 potential drugs (11 approved, 14 clinical, and 39 preclinical drugs) were predicted to show high binding affinity with Mpro . Additional docking simulations for predicted compounds with high binding affinity with Mpro suggested that 28 bioactive compounds may have potential as effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug candidates. The procedure used in this study is a possible strategy for discovering anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs from drug libraries that may significantly shorten the clinical development period with regard to drug repositioning."}, {"pmid": 32368629, "pmcid": "PMC7196380", "title": "Emergency Medical Services resource capacity and competency amid COVID-19 in the United States: Preliminary findings from a national survey.", "journal": "Heliyon", "authors": ["Gibson, Cody V", "Ventura, Christian A", "Collier, George D"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368629", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to investigate available resources, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) availability, sanitation practices, institutional policies, and opinions among EMS professionals in the United States amid the COVID-19 pandemic using a self-report survey questionnaire. An online 42-question multiple choice survey was randomly distributed between April 1, 2020, and April 16, 2020 to various active Emergency Medical Services (EMS) paid personnel in all 50 U.S. states including the District of Columbia (n=192). We approximate a 95% confidence interval (\u00b1 0.07). An overwhelming number of EMS providers report having limited access to N95 respirators, receiving little or no benefits from COVID-19 related work, and report no institutional policy on social distancing practices despite CDC recommendations. For providers who do have access to N95 respirators, 31% report having to use the same mask for 1 week or longer. Approximately \u2153 of the surveyed participants were unsure of when a COVID-19 patient is infectious. The data suggests regular decontamination of EMS equipment after each patient contact is not a regular practice. Current practices to educate EMS providers on appropriate response to the novel coronavirus may not be sufficient, and future patients may benefit from a nationally established COVID-19 EMS response protocol. Further investigation on whether current EMS practices are contributing to the spread of infection is warranted. The data reveals concerning deficits in COVID-19 related education and administrative protocols which pose as a serious public health concern that should be urgently addressed."}, {"pmid": 32433288, "pmcid": "PMC7268825", "title": "Acute Care Surgeons' Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observations and Strategies from the Epicenter of the American Crisis.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Klein, Michael J", "Frangos, Spiros G", "Krowsoski, Leandra", "Tandon, Manish", "Bukur, Marko", "Parikh, Manish", "Cohen, Steven M", "Carter, Joseph", "Link, Robert Nathan", "Uppal, Amit", "Pachter, Hersch Leon", "Berry, Cherisse"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496248, "title": "Effectiveness of preventive measures against COVID-19: A systematic review of In Silico modeling studies in indian context.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Lahiri, Arista", "Jha, Sweety Suman", "Bhattacharya, Saikat", "Ray, Soumalya", "Chakraborty, Arup"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496248", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the absence of any approved treatment or vaccine against novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) are the cornerstone to prevent the disease, especially in a populous country like India. To understand the effectiveness of NPIs reported in the contemporary literatures describing prediction models for prevention of the ongoing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 specifically in Indian population. Original research articles in English obtained through keyword search in PubMed, WHO Global Database for COVID19, and pre-print servers were included in the review. Thematic synthesis of extracted data from articles were done. Twenty-four articles were found eligible for the review - four published articles and twenty pre-print articles. Compartmental model was found to be the most commonly used mathematical model; along with exponential, time varying, neural network and cluster kinetic models. Social distancing, specifically lockdown, was the most commonly modelled intervention strategy. Additionally, contact tracing using smartphone application, international travel restriction, increasing hospital/ICU beds, changes in testing strategy were also dealt with. Social distancing along with increasing testing seemed to be effective in delaying the peak of the epidemic and reducing the peak prevalence. Although there is mathematical rationality behind implementation of social distancing measures including lockdown, this study also emphasised the importance of other associated measures like increasing tests and increasing the number of hospital and ICU beds. The later components are particularly important during the social mixing period to be observed after lifting of lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32294229, "pmcid": "PMC7262173", "title": "COVID-19 vaginal delivery - A case report.", "journal": "Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol", "authors": ["Lowe, Belinda", "Bopp, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294229", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus termed SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a major public health challenge. Many maternity units around the country are currently considering management protocols for these patients. We report a case from a tertiary Australian hospital describing an uncomplicated vaginal birth in a COVID-19 positive mother. To our knowledge this is also the first case described of a mother with COVID-19 not separated from her infant. Management provided supports the current Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and World Health Organization guidelines suggesting that it is possible to consider rooming in post-delivery for COVID-19 positive parents. Encouragement of breastfeeding appears possible and safe when viral precautions are observed."}, {"pmid": 32479985, "pmcid": "PMC7256549", "title": "Selective CD8 cell reduction by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a worse prognosis and systemic inflammation in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Urra, J M", "Cabrera, C M", "Porras, L", "Rodenas, I"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479985", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lymphopenia exhibited in patients with COVID-19 has been associated with a worse prognosis in the development of the disease. To understand the factors associated with a worse evolution of COVID-19, we analyzed comorbidities, indicators of inflammation such as CRP and the ratio of neutrophils/lymphocytes, as well as the count of blood cells with T-lymphocyte subtypes in 172 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients were grouped according to their needs for mechanical ventilation (ICU care) or not. Within the comorbidities studied, obesity was the only associated with greater severity and ICU admission. Both the percentage and the absolute number of neutrophils were higher in patients needing ICU care than non-ICU patients, whereas absolute lymphocyte count, and especially the percentage of lymphocytes, presented a deep decline in critical patients. There was no difference between the two groups of patients for CD4 T-lymphocytes, neither in percentage of lymphocyte nor in absolute number, however for CD8 T-cells the differences were significant for both parameters which were in decline in ICU patients. There was a firm correlation between the highest values of inflammation indicators with the decrease in percentage of CD8 T-lymphocytes. This effect was not seen with CD4 cells. Obesity together with lymphopenia, especially whether preferentially affects to CD8 T- lymphocytes, are factors that can predict a poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32320517, "pmcid": "PMC7264774", "title": "High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Llitjos, Jean-Francois", "Leclerc, Maxime", "Chochois, Camille", "Monsallier, Jean-Michel", "Ramakers, Michel", "Auvray, Malika", "Merouani, Karim"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320517", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coagulopathy is a common abnormality in patients with COVID-19. However, the exact incidence of venous thromboembolic event is unknown in anticoagulated, severe COVID-19 patients. Systematic assessment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) using complete duplex ultrasound (CDU) in anticoagulated COVID-19 patients. We performed a retrospective study in 2 French intensive care units (ICU) where CDU is performed as a standard of care. A CDU from thigh to ankle at selected sites with Doppler waveforms and images was performed early during ICU stay in patients admitted with COVID-19. Anticoagulation dose was left to the discretion of the treating physician based on the individual risk of thrombosis. Patients were classified as treated with prophylactic anticoagulation or therapeutic anticoagulation. Pulmonary embolism was systematically searched in patients with persistent hypoxemia or secondary deterioration. From March 19 to April 11, 2020, 26 consecutive patients with severe COVID-19 were screened for VTE. Eight patients (31%) were treated with prophylactic anticoagulation, whereas 18 patients (69%) were treated with therapeutic anticoagulation. The overall rate of VTE in patients was 69%. The proportion of VTE was significantly higher in patients treated with prophylactic anticoagulation when compared with the other group (100% vs 56%, respectively, P\u00a0=\u00a0.03). Surprisingly, we found a high rate of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients treated with therapeutic anticoagulation, with 56% of VTE and 6 pulmonary embolisms. Our results suggest considering both systematic screening of VTE and early therapeutic anticoagulation in severe ICU COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32423296, "title": "Algorithm-Based Pediatric Otolaryngology Management During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic: A Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Consensus.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Chorney, Stephen R", "Elden, Lisa M", "Giordano, Terri", "Kazahaya, Ken", "Rizzi, Mark D", "Zur, Karen B", "Dedhia, Kavita"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423296", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires clinicians to explore alternatives to routine patient management. Otolaryngologists caring for children commonly depend on physical examination, laboratory data, and ambulatory surgical procedures. Limiting patient care, mindful allocation of resources, and concern for safety have challenged all aspects of our health care system. This evidence-based clinical consensus is designed to guide practitioners of pediatric otolaryngology for common scenarios during this time. Peer-reviewed literature, published reports, institutional guidelines, and expert consensus. A clinical consensus on 6 common scenarios in pediatric otolaryngology developed with evidence-based strategies. Providers should suspend all in-person nonessential office visits and elective surgical procedures. An emphasis on medical management and caregiver education will provide reasonable approaches to many of the common outpatient concerns. Surgery for chronic otitis media, obstructive sleep apnea, and acute rhinosinusitis should occur only in response to severe complications or failure of medical regimens. The approach to the pediatric neck mass focuses on timely management for oncologic etiologies and cautious surgical intervention for abscess drainage or tissue sampling. Finally, epistaxis and otorrhea must be triaged and addressed without the usual ambulatory procedures. Adaptation of practice patterns during this unprecedented moment for our health care system requires thoughtful planning. The strategies described allow for safe handling of common pediatric otolaryngology diagnoses. Ultimately, otolaryngologists must be stewards of our global health community while advocating for the care of individual pediatric patients."}, {"pmid": 32361193, "pmcid": "PMC7252008", "title": "Re: Patiently waiting for the results of anti-IL 6 therapy in severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["McGonagle, Dennis", "Sharif, Kassem", "O'Regan, Anthony", "Bridgewood, Charlie"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361193", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363045, "pmcid": "PMC7194659", "title": "Recommended prophylactic and management strategies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in transplant recipients.", "journal": "Chronic Dis Transl Med", "authors": ["Ju, Chun-Rong", "Lian, Qiao-Yan", "Zhang, Jian-Heng", "Qiu, Tao", "Cai, Zhi-Tao", "Jiang, Wen-Yang", "Zhang, Jing", "Cheng, Qin", "Chen, Gang", "Li, Ning", "Wang, Chun-Yan", "He, Jian-Xing"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363045", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, increasing attention has been paid to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in Wuhan, China. SARS-CoV-2 primarily invades the respiratory tract and lungs, leading to pneumonia and other systemic disorders. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 in transplant recipients has raised significant concerns, especially because there is a large population of transplant recipients in China. Based on the current epidemic situation, this study reviewed publications on this virus and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), analyzed common features of respiratory viral pneumonias, and presented the currently reported clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in transplant recipients to improve strategies regarding the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in this special population."}, {"pmid": 32378180, "pmcid": "PMC7202264", "title": "Risks Posed to Corneal Transplant Recipients by COVID-19-Affected Donors.", "journal": "Ophthalmol Ther", "authors": ["Desautels, Jordan D", "Moshirfar, Majid", "Martheswaran, Tanisha", "Shmunes, Kathryn M", "Ronquillo, Yasmyne C"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378180", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its resultant human disease, COVID-19, will likely have a significant impact on the corneal tissue donor pool. Current recommendations from the United States and global eye bank associations call for the outright avoidance of tissues from donors recently infected with or exposed to COVID-19. This conservative recommendation is currently appropriate given the reported ocular sequelae, tear film viral detectability, and transmissibility of COVID-19. However, the rapidly increasing global prevalence and mortality of COVID-19 threatens the tenability of current tissue exclusion guidelines, and may necessitate their relaxation in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32501374, "pmcid": "PMC7245288", "title": "COVID-19 spreading in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Do the policies of social isolation really work?", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Crokidakis, Nuno"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501374", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent Coronavirus has been spreading through all the world fastly. In this work we focus on the evolution of the COVID-19 in one of the most populous Brazilian states, namely the Rio de Janeiro state. The first case was reported in March 5, 2020, thus we have a considerable amount of available data to make a good analysis. We study the dynamics of COVID-19 through a Susceptible-Infectious-Quarantined-Recovered (SIQR) model with an additional mechanism that represents the implementation of public policies of social isolation. Based on the data collected from the Rio de Janeiro state Department of Health from March 5, 2020 through April 26, 2020, we observed that the implementation of social distancing policies changed the initial exponential growth to a sub-exponential one. The SIQR model with the above-mentioned mechanism is capable of reproducing the data of confirmed cases in Rio de Janeiro, and it explains how that change occurred. The model also predicts an important mitigation effect, namely the flattening effect, i.e., the considerably decrease of the maximum number of confirmed cases. Through the results of the model, this effect can be directly related to the social isolation policies. Finally, we consider the relaxation of such policies, and discuss about the ideal period of time to release people to return to their activities."}, {"pmid": 32370951, "pmcid": "PMC7196408", "title": "Missed or delayed diagnosis of Kawasaki disease during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Harahsheh, Ashraf S", "Dahdah, Nagib", "Newburger, Jane W", "Portman, Michael A", "Piram, Maryam", "Tulloh, Robert", "McCrindle, Brian W", "de Ferranti, Sarah D", "Cimaz, Rolando", "Truong, Dongngan T", "Burns, Jane C"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370951", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438449, "title": "The Dilemma of Renin Angiotensin System Blockers in Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19): Insights on the Lung Fluid Handling and Gas Exchange in Heart Failure Patients.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["Guazzi, Marco", "Moroni, Alice"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438449", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307326, "pmcid": "PMC7162637", "title": "Continuing education in oral cancer during coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["da Cruz Perez, Danyel Elias", "Passos, Kamilla Karla Mauricio", "Machado, Renato Assis", "Martelli-Junior, Hercilio", "Bonan, Paulo Rogerio Ferreti"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307326", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398377, "title": "Reply to Kesici et al. and Zeng et al.: Blocking the virus and reducing the inflammatory damage in COVID-19.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Duan, Kai", "Liu, Bende", "Li, Cesheng", "Zhang, Huajun", "Yu, Ting", "Qu, Jieming", "Zhou, Min", "Chen, Li", "Chen, Zhu", "Zhang, Xinxin", "Yang, Xiaoming"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398377", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388698, "pmcid": "PMC7210797", "title": "BRCA testing in a genomic diagnostics referral center during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Mol Biol Rep", "authors": ["Minucci, Angelo", "Scambia, Giovanni", "Santonocito, Concetta", "Concolino, Paola", "Urbani, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388698", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first person-to-person transmission of the 2019-novel coronavirus in Italy on 21 February 2020 led to an infection chain that represents one of the largest known COVID-19 outbreaks outside Asia. Hospitals have been forced to reorganized their units in response to prepare for an unforeseen healthcare emergency. In this context, our laboratory (Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS) re-modulated its priorities by temporarily interrupting most of the molecular tests guaranteeing only those considered \"urgent\" and not postponable. In particular, this paper details changes regarding the execution of germline BRCA (gBRCA) testing in our laboratory. A substantial reduction in gBRCA testing (about 60%) compared to the first 2\u00a0months of the current year was registered, but the requests have not been reset. The requesting physicians were mainly gynaecologists and oncologists. These evidences further emphasize the new era of gBRCA testing in the management of cancer patients and confirms definitively the integration of gBRCA testing/Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) into clinical oncology. Finally, a re-organization of gBRCA testing in our Unit, mainly related to delayed and reduced arrival of tests was necessary, ensuring, however, a high-quality standard and reliability, mandatory for gBRCA testing in a clinical setting."}, {"pmid": 32425205, "pmcid": "PMC7232073", "title": "The Thoracic Surgery Social Media Network Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Luc, Jessica G Y", "Archer, Michael A", "Arora, Rakesh C", "Bender, Edward M", "Blitz, Arie", "Cooke, David T", "Elde, Stefan", "Guy, T Sloane", "Halpern, Alison L", "Harrington, Caitlin", "Hlci, Tamara Ni", "Kidane, Biniam", "Olive, Jacqueline K", "Ouzounian, Maral", "Stamp, Nikki", "Vervoort, Dominique", "Varghese, Thomas K Jr", "Antonoff, Mara B"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425205", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310017, "title": "COVID-19 and stroke-A global World Stroke Organization perspective.", "journal": "Int J Stroke", "authors": ["Markus, Hugh S", "Brainin, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310017", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic affecting all parts of the world is having huge implications for stroke care. Not only do stroke patients appear to be more susceptible to severe infection, but the pandemic is having major implications on how we deliver stroke care, while ensuing safety of both our patients and health care professionals. COVID-19 infection itself has also been described as a risk factor for stroke. The World Stroke Organization has been monitoring the impact of the pandemic globally, and has identified an initial marked fall in stroke presentations as well as a widespread impact on stroke services. The pandemic is changing the way we deliver care, and has highlighted the enormous potential of telemedicine in stroke care."}, {"pmid": 32525713, "title": "Critical Care And Emergency Department Response At The Epicenter Of The COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Uppal, Amit", "Silvestri, David M", "Siegler, Matthew", "Natsui, Shaw", "Boudourakis, Leon", "Salway, R James", "Parikh, Manish", "Agoritsas, Konstantinos", "Cho, Hyung J", "Gulati, Rajneesh", "Nunez, Milton", "Hulbanni, Anjali", "Flaherty, Christine", "Iavicoli, Laura", "Cineas, Natalia", "Kanter, Marc", "Kessler, Stuart", "Rhodes, Karin V", "Bouton, Michael", "Wei, Eric K"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525713", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New York City (NYC) has emerged as the global epicenter for the COVID-19 pandemic. The NYC Public Health System (NYC Health +Hospitals, NYC H + H) was key to the city's response because its vulnerable patient population was disproportionately affected by the disease. As cases rose in the city, NYC H+H carried out plans to greatly expand critical care capacity. Primary ICU spaces were identified and upgraded as needed, while new ICU spaces were created in emergency departments (EDs), procedural areas, and other inpatient units. Patients were transferred between hospitals in order to reduce strain. Critical care staffing was supplemented by temporary recruits, volunteers, and military deployments. Supplies to deliver critical care were monitored closely and obtained as needed to prevent interruptions. An ED action team was formed to ensure that the experience of frontline providers was informing network level decisions. The steps taken by NYC H+H greatly expanded its capacity to provide critical care during an unprecedented surge of COVID-19 cases in NYC. These steps, along with lessons learned, could inform preparations for other health systems during a primary or secondary surge of cases. [Editor's Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.]."}, {"pmid": 32463087, "title": "Antimicrobial resistance: the good, the bad, and the ugly.", "journal": "Emerg Top Life Sci", "authors": ["Hardie, Kim R"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463087", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the Royal Society for Biology (RSB) was forming 10 years ago, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was being heralded as the next threat with a magnitude on a par with global warming. Just a few years later, in 2016, Jim O'Neill's report was published laying out recommendations for tackling drug-resistant infections globally. Where are we now, and what are the challenges ahead? As a slow burner, how will the impact of AMR compare against the recent rapid devastation of the COVID-19 pandemic, and how can we channel some of the good things that come from it (like the awareness and technique of effective hand hygiene) to help us combat AMR speedily and definitively?"}, {"pmid": 32511667, "title": "SARS-CoV-2-Related Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome in Children: Different or Shared Etiology and Pathophysiology as Kawasaki Disease?", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["McCrindle, Brian W", "Manlhiot, Cedric"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511667", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443345, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with subcutaneous emphysema, mediastinal emphysema, and pneumothorax: A case report.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Xiang, Chunlin", "Wu, Gang"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443345", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the end of 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has affected more than 1,000,000 population in the world. Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax are uncommon complications of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Herein, we describe a fatal case of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax. Subcutaneous emphysema was found in neck, bilateral chest walls, abdomen wall, groin area, and scrotum of a 67-year-old man. Extensive air-space opacities, subcutaneous emphysema and a small amount of pneumothorax were found in his chest X-ray scan. Echocardiography showed left ventricular enlargement with ejection fraction 20%. This resident of Wuhan with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection had chronic pulmonary and cardiac diseases. Liver dysfunction, myocardial injury, and coagulation disorder were suggested by laboratory findings. Pneumonia, subcutaneous emphysema, and pneumothorax were confirmed with chest X-ray. Heart failure was revealed by echocardiography. He was transferred to intensive care unit, where invasive ventilation was used for him during the whole hospitalization. Prone position ventilation, vasoconstrictor, antibacteria, and antiviral therapy were given. He died on the twelfth day after admission. Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax may occur in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and chronic pulmonary disease. Chronic cardiac disease might be aggravated by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and develop heart failure."}, {"pmid": 32331919, "pmcid": "PMC7142682", "title": "Preparing IR for COVID-19: The Singapore Experience.", "journal": "J Vasc Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Gogna, Apoorva", "Punamiya, Sundeep", "Gopinathan, Anil", "Irani, Farah", "Toh, Luke Han Wei", "Wen Cheong, Lawrence Hsueh", "Babu, Suresh", "Wee, Bernard", "Goh, Peter", "Tan, Bien Peng", "Damodharan, Karthikeyan", "Venkatanarasimha, Nanda", "Chan, Shaun Ju Min", "Chandramohan, Sivanathan", "Too, Chow Wei", "Chung, Raymond", "Ong, Shao Jin", "Tan, Andrew", "Tan, Bien Soo", "Tay, Kiang Hiong"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331919", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper describes country-wide special measures undertaken for interventional radiology staff during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although each interventional radiology service around the world faces unique challenges, the principles outlined in this article will be useful when designing or strengthening individual practices and integrating them within wider hospital and national measures. Moving beyond the current outbreak, these measures will be useful for any future infectious diseases which are likely to arise."}, {"pmid": 32333071, "pmcid": "PMC7182507", "title": "A case of COVID-19 lung infection first detected by [18F]FDG PET-CT.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Amini, H", "Divband, G", "Montahaei, Z", "Dehghani, T", "Kaviani, H", "Adinehpour, Z", "Akbarian Aghdam, R", "Rezaee, A", "Vali, R"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333071", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324879, "pmcid": "PMC7188119", "title": "Non-pharmaceutical interventions used for COVID-19 had a major impact on reducing influenza in China in 2020.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Sun, Jing", "Shi, Zhanli", "Xu, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324879", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Stringent non-pharmaceutical measures to contain the COVID-19 outbreak in China also significantly reduced the spread of influenza in the winter season 2020."}, {"pmid": 32496369, "title": "\"Slowing the Spread and Minimizing the Impact of COVID-19: Lessons from the Past and Recommendations for the Plastic Surgeon\".", "journal": "Plast Reconstr Surg", "authors": ["Mackenzie, Ethan L", "Poore, Samuel O"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496369", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, a novel coronavirus originating in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly throughout the globe over 3 months. On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. COVID-19 represents a nearly unprecedented threat to both the public health and the durability of our healthcare systems and will profoundly affect the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery. The objective of this paper is to provide a natural history of COVID-19 - including virology, epidemiology and transmission patterns - and a guide for plastic surgeons regarding patient and resource management. The authors reviewed existing literature regarding COVID-19, both primary research and secondary reviews, via PubMed queries, and recommendations from relevant professional organizations (e.g., American College of Surgeons and American Society of Plastic Surgeons). The literature and recommendations were summarized to provide a specific guide for plastic surgeons. Internationally, over 5.7 million cases and 357,000 deaths from COVID-19 have been reported at time of writing. No pharmacological treatments have been identified, but epidemiological strategies were identified to prevent viral spread, preserve healthcare resources, and protect patients and surgeons globally. Specific recommendations for plastic and reconstructive surgeons include postponing elective cases and transitioning to telecommunication platforms for patient consultations and education. COVID-19 represents a nearly unprecedented threat to the public health and the durability of healthcare systems in the contemporary era. While plastic and reconstructive surgery may seem relatively remote from the pandemic in direct patient care and exposure, our field can significantly enhance healthcare resource management."}, {"pmid": 32367558, "pmcid": "PMC7261987", "title": "Dermatological diseases presented before COVID-19: Are patients with psoriasis and superficial fungal infections more vulnerable to the COVID-19?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kutlu, Omer", "Metin, Ahmet"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367558", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent studies have focused on the comorbid conditions of the COVID-19. According to the current studies, numerous diseases including lung disease, cardiovascular disease and immunosuppression appear to be at higher risk for severe forms of the COVID-19. To date, there are no data in the literature on the comorbid dermatologic diseases and COVID-19. We tried to analyze the previous dermatological comorbidity of 93 patients with COVID-19 (51 males, 42 females) who presented to the dermatology outpatient clinics for the last 3\u2009years. The most common dermatologic diseases in patients with COVID-19 who have dermatologic diseases for the last 3\u2009years were superficial fungal infections (24, 25.8%), seborrheic dermatitis (11, 11.8%), actinic keratosis (10, 10.8%), psoriasis (6, 6.5%), and eczema (6, 6.5%), respectively. In addition, the number of COVID-19 patients who presented to dermatology in the last 3\u2009months was 17 (11 men, 6 women). The median age of these patients was 58 (minimum 18, maximum 80) years, and the most common dermatologic diseases before diagnosed COVID-19 were superficial fungal infections (5, 25%), psoriasis (4, 20%), and viral skin diseases (3, 15%). The possible similarity between cutaneous and mucosal immunity and immunosuppression suggests that patients with some dermatologic diseases especially superficial fungal infections and psoriasis may be more vulnerable to the COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32509495, "pmcid": "PMC7266123", "title": "The coronavirus spread: the Italian case.", "journal": "Eur Phys J Plus", "authors": ["Bonasera, Aldo", "Bonasera, G", "Zhang, Suyalatu"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509495", "countries": ["Italy", "Germany", "United Kingdom", "China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A model based on population growth, chaotic maps, and turbulent flows is applied to the spread of Coronavirus for each Italian region in order to obtain useful information and help to contrast it. We divide the regions into different risk categories and discuss anomalies. The worst cases are confined between the Appenine and the Alps mountain ranges but the situation seem to improve closer to the sea. The Veneto region gave the most efficient response so far and some of their resources could be diverted to other regions, in particular, more tests to the Lombardia, Liguria, Piemonte, Marche and V. Aosta regions, which seem to be worst affected. We noticed worrying anomalies in the Lazio, Campania and Sicilia regions to be monitored. We stress that the number of fatalities we predicted on March 12 has been confirmed daily by the bulletins. This suggests a change of strategy in order to reduce such number maybe moving the weaker population (and negative to the virus test) to beach resorts, which should be empty presently. The ratio deceased/positives on April 4, 2020 is 5.4% worldwide, 12.3% in Italy, 1.4% in Germany, 2.7% in the USA, 10.3% in the UK and 4.1% in China. These large fluctuations should be investigated starting from the Italian regions, which show similar large fluctuations."}, {"pmid": 32478555, "title": "Safety and services for survivors of intimate partner violence: A researcher-practitioner dialogue on the impact of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Bagwell-Gray, Meredith E", "Bartholmey, Erin"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478555", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This commentary offers a dialogue between a researcher and practitioner on the potential benefits of collaborative research to benefit survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), a population exposed to high levels of violence and trauma. The dialogue occurred in a written, back-and-forth exchange, with the researcher and practitioner taking turns asking and responding to questions. The questions posed and answered in this commentary include: How are clients at an emergency domestic violence shelter experiencing the pandemic? How do you think a researcher or community member can help during a time like this? What should a researcher consider when engaging in collaborative research partnerships with service providers during this time? The answers offer insights into the importance of developing strong researcher-practitioner partnerships to improve services for trauma survivors during a global crisis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32432542, "title": "Revisiting vitamin D and home-based exercises for patients with sleep apnea facing the COVID-19 quarantine.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Ekiz, Timur", "Kara, Murat", "Ozcakar, Levent"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432542", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369251, "pmcid": "PMC7267401", "title": "Changes in liver transplant center practice in response to COVID-19: Unmasking dramatic center-level variability.", "journal": "Liver Transpl", "authors": ["Agopian, Vatche", "Verna, Elizabeth", "Goldberg, David"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369251", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been devastating to health care delivery in many parts of the US and has had a significant impact on organ transplantation. With shelter-in-place orders, outpatient clinics transitioned to telemedicine, and the threat of hospitals being overrun with COVID-19 patients, liver transplant programs have been faced with the challenge of balancing patient and staff safety while operating in a resource limited environment."}, {"pmid": 32287801, "pmcid": "PMC7131107", "title": "Calculating virus spread.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Kucharski, Adam"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287801", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Getting a full picture of the coronavirus outbreak is extremely difficult. Maths can help plug some of the gaps, says Adam Kucharski."}, {"pmid": 32279286, "title": "Recommendations for Minimal Laboratory Testing Panels in Patients with COVID-19: Potential for Prognostic Monitoring.", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Favaloro, Emmanuel J", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279286", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489144, "title": "Intergenerational Relationships, Family Caregiving Policy, and COVID-19 in the United States.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Stokes, Jeffrey E", "Patterson, Sarah E"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489144", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Families and intergenerational relationships are important sources of risk for COVID-19 infection, especially for older adults who are at high risk of complications from the disease. If one family member is exposed to the virus they could serve as a source of transmission or, if they fall ill, the resources they provide to others could be severed. These risks may be especially heightened for family members who work outside the home and provide care, or for those family members who care for multiple generations. Policies have the potential to help families bear the burden of these decisions. This essay argues that policies that address health, employment, and other social issues have implications for families, and that policies aimed at families and caregivers can affect the health, employment, and the general well-being of the nation."}, {"pmid": 32226289, "pmcid": "PMC7098029", "title": "Perspectives on therapeutic neutralizing antibodies against the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Zhou, Guangyu", "Zhao, Qi"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226289", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A newly identified novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is causing pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome across the world. Epidemiology, genomics, and pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 show high homology with that of SARS-CoV. Current efforts are focusing on development of specific antiviral drugs. Therapeutic neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 will be greatly important therapeutic agents for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, the host immune responses against SARS-CoV discussed in this review provide implications for developing NAbs and understanding clinical interventions against SARS-CoV-2. Further, we describe the benefits, challenges and considerations of NAbs against SARS-CoV-2. Although many challenges exist, NAbs still offer a therapeutic option to control the current pandemic and the possible re-emergence of the virus in the future, and their development therefore remains a high priority."}, {"pmid": 32513641, "title": "The effect of the ongoing COVID-19 nationwide lockdown on plastic surgery trauma caseload?", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Sugrue, C M", "Sullivan, P"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513641", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352618, "pmcid": "PMC7267343", "title": "Emergency room neurology in times of COVID-19: malignant ischaemic stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Pinto, T", "Luna-Rodriguez, A", "Moreno-Estebanez, A", "Agirre-Beitia, G", "Rodriguez-Antiguedad, A", "Ruiz-Lopez, M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352618", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419749, "pmcid": "PMC7213027", "title": "Consensus Statement - Suggested Recommendations for Acute Stroke Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Expert Group on Behalf of the Indian Stroke Association.", "journal": "Ann Indian Acad Neurol", "authors": ["Bhatia, Rohit", "Sylaja, P N", "Srivastava, M V Padma", "Khurana, Dheeraj", "Pandian, Jeyaraj Durian", "Suri, Vinit", "Kumar, V G Pradeep", "Kumaravelu, S", "Huded, Vikram", "Surya, Nirmal", "Sharma, Arvind", "Kaul, Subhash"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419749", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 is a global public health emergency. This has led to challenges for healthcare facilities to optimally manage other important medical emergencies. Stroke is an important public health emergency with significant mortality and morbidity. Timely treatment of acute stroke is critical to prevent disability. The current expert consensus statement on behalf of the Indian Stroke Association outlines the issues and suggestions related to the management of stroke during this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32279677, "pmcid": "PMC7180326", "title": "COVID-19 as a psychological contagion: A new Pandora's box to close?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Azim, Dua", "Kumar, Sohail", "Nasim, Sundus", "Arif, Taha Bin", "Nanjiani, Deedar"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279677", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417304, "pmcid": "PMC7224653", "title": "The need to manage the risk of thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Khan, Inayat Hussain", "Savarimuthu, Sugeevan", "Leung, Marco Shiu Tsun", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417304", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 first appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. Thought to be of zoonotic origin, it has been named SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and has spread rapidly. As of April 20, 2020, there have been >2.4 million cases recorded worldwide. The inflammatory process, cytokine storm, and lung injury that are associated with COVID-19 can put patients at an increased risk of thrombosis. The total incidence of thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients is currently uncertain. Those with more severe disease and with other risk factors, including increasing age, male sex, obesity, cancer, comorbidities, and intensive care unit admission, are at higher risk of these events. However, there is little international guidance on managing these risks in COVID-19 patients. In this paper, we explore the current evidence and theories surrounding thrombosis in these unique patients and reflect on experience from our center."}, {"pmid": 32471801, "pmcid": "PMC7241334", "title": "Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2: Implications in Head and Neck Oncology.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Kochhar, Anuraj Singh", "Bhasin, Ritasha", "Kochhar, Gulsheen Kaur", "Dadlani, Himanshu"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471801", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329654, "title": "Telemedicine and e-Health Solutions for COVID-19: Patients' Perspective.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Pappot, Nina", "Taarnhoj, Gry Assam", "Pappot, Helle"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329654", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463755, "title": "COVID-19 and cancer care.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Foulkes, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314559, "pmcid": "PMC7231470", "title": "Zoonotic origins of human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19 / SARS-CoV-2): why is this work important?", "journal": "Zool Res", "authors": ["Wong, Gary", "Bi, Yu-Hai", "Wang, Qi-Hui", "Chen, Xin-Wen", "Zhang, Zhi-Gang", "Yao, Yong-Gang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314559", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19 / SARS-CoV-2 / 2019-nCoV), is a global threat to the human population. Here, we briefly summarize the available data for the zoonotic origins of HCoV-19, with reference to the other two epidemics of highly virulent coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which cause severe pneumonia in humans. We propose to intensify future efforts for tracing the origins of HCoV-19, which is a very important scientific question for the control and prevention of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32442028, "title": "Chest CT and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A More Complete Review.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Fraiman, Joseph B"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442028", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395419, "pmcid": "PMC7212506", "title": "Hot Topic Commentary on COVID-19.", "journal": "Curr Pharmacol Rep", "authors": ["Kong, Ah-Ng", "Lau, Andy T Y", "Brunetti, Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395419", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2) worldwide caught the health care systems in every country around the world by storm and without a proper defense mechanism to cope and control such a pandemic. In this special Theme issue, we would like to discuss the latest treatment modalities available around the world in tackling this dreadful disease."}, {"pmid": 32317311, "title": "Mitigating the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic Response on At-Risk Children.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Wong, Charlene A", "Ming, David", "Maslow, Gary", "Gifford, Elizabeth J"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317311", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393874, "title": "Coronavirus is spreading under the radar in US homeless shelters.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393874", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501423, "pmcid": "PMC7241407", "title": "Developing an ultra-efficient microsatellite discoverer to find structural differences between SARS-CoV-1 and Covid-19.", "journal": "Inform Med Unlocked", "authors": ["Naghibzadeh, Mahmoud", "Savari, Hossein", "Savadi, Abdorreza", "Saadati, Nayyereh", "Mehrazin, Elahe"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501423", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the outbreak of Coronavirus-Covid-19 has forced the World Health Organization to declare a pandemic status. A genome sequence is the core of this virus which interferes with the normal activities of its counterparts within humans. Analysis of its genome may provide clues toward the proper treatment of patients and the design of new drugs and vaccines. Microsatellites are composed of short genome subsequences which are successively repeated many times in the same direction. They are highly variable in terms of their building blocks, number of repeats, and their locations in the genome sequences. This mutability property has been the source of many diseases. Usually the host genome is analyzed to diagnose possible diseases in the victim. In this research, the focus is concentrated on the attacker's genome for discovery of its malicious properties. The focus of this research is the microsatellites of both SARS and Covid-19. An accurate and highly efficient computer method for identifying all microsatellites in the genome sequences is discovered and implemented, and it is used to find all microsatellites in the Coronavirus-Covid-19 and SARS2003. The Microsatellite discovery is based on an efficient indexing technique called K-Mer Hash Indexing. The method is called Fast Microsatellite Discovery (FMSD) and it is used for both SARS and Covid-19. A table composed of all microsatellites is reported. There are many differences between SARS and Covid-19, but there is an outstanding difference which requires further investigation. FMSD is freely available at https://gitlab.com/FUM_HPCLab/fmsd_project, implemented in C on Linux-Ubuntu system. Software related contact: hossein_savari@mail.um.ac.ir."}, {"pmid": 32398607, "title": "Reorganizing the treatment of cardiovascular disease in response to coronavirus disease 2019; time for the polypill?", "journal": "Curr Opin Cardiol", "authors": ["Floyd, Christopher N", "Wierzbicki, Anthony S"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced a redesign of healthcare services. Resource reallocation will have consequences on the routine management of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). We consider how to mitigate potential adverse effects. Combination therapy is well established in hypertension. Many guidelines recommend dual antihypertensive therapy as the initial treatment step as this results in faster blood pressure control, albeit with limited evidence of improved outcomes. Control of CVD risk factors through multiclass combination therapy (the polypill) was proposed many years ago. This approach has not been adopted by Western healthcare systems despite improving surrogate outcomes. Recently, the PolyIran trials have demonstrated improved CVD outcomes without increased adverse events, in both primary and secondary prevention. The COVID-19 pandemic allows models of chronic healthcare to be rethought. Current practices are resource-intensive and there is a need to simplify titration and monitoring protocols in CVD. Moving toward the use of polypill combinations allied with telehealth consultations may be one solution."}, {"pmid": 32437181, "title": "Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am Psychol", "authors": ["Prime, Heather", "Wade, Mark", "Browne, Dillon T"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437181", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic poses an acute threat to the well-being of children and families due to challenges related to social disruption such as financial insecurity, caregiving burden, and confinement-related stress (e.g., crowding, changes to structure, and routine). The consequences of these difficulties are likely to be longstanding, in part because of the ways in which contextual risk permeates the structures and processes of family systems. The current article draws from pertinent literature across topic areas of acute crises and long-term, cumulative risk to illustrate the multitude of ways in which the well-being of children and families may be at risk during COVID-19. The presented conceptual framework is based on systemic models of human development and family functioning and links social disruption due to COVID-19 to child adjustment through a cascading process involving caregiver well-being and family processes (i.e., organization, communication, and beliefs). An illustration of the centrality of family processes in buffering against risk in the context of COVID-19, as well as promoting resilience through shared family beliefs and close relationships, is provided. Finally, clinical and research implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32444493, "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of inpatients with neurologic disease and COVID-19 in Brescia, Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Benussi, Alberto", "Pilotto, Andrea", "Premi, Enrico", "Libri, Ilenia", "Giunta, Marcello", "Agosti, Chiara", "Alberici, Antonella", "Baldelli, Enrico", "Benini, Matteo", "Bonacina, Sonia", "Brambilla, Laura", "Caratozzolo, Salvatore", "Cortinovis, Matteo", "Costa, Angelo", "Piccinelli, Stefano Cotti", "Cottini, Elisabetta", "Cristillo, Viviana", "Delrio, Ilenia", "Filosto, Massimiliano", "Gamba, Massimo", "Gazzina, Stefano", "Gilberti, Nicola", "Gipponi, Stefano", "Imarisio, Alberto", "Invernizzi, Paolo", "Leggio, Ugo", "Leonardi, Matilde", "Liberini, Paolo", "Locatelli, Martina", "Masciocchi, Stefano", "Poli, Loris", "Rao, Renata", "Risi, Barbara", "Rozzini, Luca", "Scalvini, Andrea", "Schiano di Cola, Francesca", "Spezi, Raffaella", "Vergani, Veronica", "Volonghi, Irene", "Zoppi, Nicola", "Borroni, Barbara", "Magoni, Mauro", "Pezzini, Alessandro", "Padovani, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444493", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report clinical and laboratory characteristics, as well as treatment and clinical outcomes of patients admitted for neurologic diseases with and without COVID-19. In this retrospective, single center cohort study, we included all adult inpatients with confirmed COVID-19, admitted to a Neuro-COVID Unit from February 21, 2020, who had been discharged or died by April 5, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data were extracted from medical records and compared (FDR-corrected) to those of neurologic patients without COVID-19 admitted in the same period. One hundred seventy-three patients were included in this study, of whom 56 were positive for COVID-19 while 117 were negative for COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 were older (77.0, IQR 67.0-83.8 vs 70.1, IQR 52.9-78.6, p = 0.006), had a different distribution regarding admission diagnoses, including cerebrovascular disorders (n = 43, 76.8% vs n = 68, 58.1%), and had a higher quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score on admission (0.5, IQR 0.4-0.6 vs 0.9, IQR 0.7-1.1, p = 0.006). In-hospital mortality rates (n = 21, 37.5% vs n = 5, 4.3%, p < 0.001) and incident delirium (n = 15, 26.8% vs n = 9, 7.7%, p = 0.003) were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group. COVID-19 and non-COVID patients with stroke had similar baseline characteristics but patients with COVID-19 had higher modified Rankin scale scores at discharge (5.0, IQR 2.0-6.0 vs 2.0, IQR 1.0-3.0, p < 0.001), with a significantly lower number of patients with a good outcome (n = 11, 25.6% vs n = 48, 70.6%, p < 0.001). In patients with COVID-19, multivariable regressions showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with higher qSOFA scores (OR 4.47, 95% CI 1.21-16.5; p = 0.025), lower platelet count (0.98, 0.97-0.99; p = 0.005) and higher lactate dehydrogenase (1.01, 1.00-1.03; p = 0.009) on admission. COVID-19 patients admitted with neurologic disease, including stroke, have a significantly higher in-hospital mortality, incident delirium and higher disability than patients without COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32323202, "pmcid": "PMC7175820", "title": "COVID-19 and dialysis: why we should be worried.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Rombola, Giuseppe", "Brunini, Francesca"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323202", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487972, "title": "A Patient with Acute Cervical Cord Injury and COVID-19: A First Case Report.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Pattanakuhar, Sintip", "Tangvinit, Chatchai", "Kovindha, Apichana"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487972", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is possible for rehabilitation physicians and personnel to take care of patients with concurrent spinal cord injury (SCI) and COVID-19. Here, we describe a case of acute cervical SCI resulting in complete tetraplegia C5 American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) A with unrecognized, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2) infection. This resulted in large-scale quarantines of related surgical and rehabilitation staff, and the unexpected death of the patient despite receiving the treatments according to the standard guideline. Rehabilitation personnel who take care of acute SCI patients with COVID-19 should consider the effect of SCI on the course of COVID-19, the effect of COVID-19 and its treatments on the course of SCI, and risks of SAR-CoV2 transmission between patients and rehabilitation staff, to continue providing safe and effective rehabilitation programs."}, {"pmid": 32304725, "pmcid": "PMC7159873", "title": "Environmental virus surveillance in the isolation ward of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Wang, H", "Mo, P", "Li, G", "Chen, P", "Liu, J", "Wang, H", "Wang, F", "Zhang, Y", "Zhao, Q"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496658, "title": "Reply to: Psychophysical olfactory testing in COVID-19: Is smell function really impaired in nearly all patients?", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Moein, Shima T", "Hashemian, Seyed Mohammad Reza", "Mansourafshar, Babak", "Khorram-Tousi, Ali", "Tabarsi, Payam", "Doty, Richard L"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496658", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275742, "pmcid": "PMC7184436", "title": "COVID-19 Autopsies, Oklahoma, USA.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Barton, Lisa M", "Duval, Eric J", "Stroberg, Edana", "Ghosh, Subha", "Mukhopadhyay, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275742", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report the methods and findings of two complete autopsies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive individuals who died in Oklahoma (United States) in March 2020. Complete postmortem examinations were performed according to standard procedures in a negative-pressure autopsy suite/isolation room using personal protective equipment, including N95 masks, eye protection, and gowns. The diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing on postmortem swabs. A 77-year-old obese man with a history of hypertension, splenectomy, and 6 days of fever and chills died while being transported for medical care. He tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on postmortem nasopharyngeal and lung parenchymal swabs. Autopsy revealed diffuse alveolar damage and chronic inflammation and edema in the bronchial mucosa. A 42-year-old obese man with a history of myotonic dystrophy developed abdominal pain followed by fever, shortness of breath, and cough. Postmortem nasopharyngeal swab was positive for SARS-CoV-2; lung parenchymal swabs were negative. Autopsy showed acute bronchopneumonia with evidence of aspiration. Neither autopsy revealed viral inclusions, mucus plugging in airways, eosinophils, or myocarditis. SARS-CoV-2 testing can be performed at autopsy. Autopsy findings such as diffuse alveolar damage and airway inflammation reflect true virus-related pathology; other findings represent superimposed or unrelated processes."}, {"pmid": 32340429, "title": "The role of natriuretic peptide estimation in severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Mahajan, Kunal", "Negi, Prakash"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340429", "countries": ["China", "India", "Italy", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its inception in Wuhan in December 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shattered the economies and health-care infrastructures worldwide. Even the best of health-care systems (United States, Italy) have been overwhelmed and collapsed because of this unprecedented pandemic. India is preparing itself for the onslaught of Coronavirus. After recording its first case on January 30th, 2020, the rise was slow until the last week of March. However, since then, the number of cases has increased exponentially, and as on April 14th, 2020, there have been more than 10,000 cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in India, which has resulted in more than 350 deaths."}, {"pmid": 32339895, "pmcid": "PMC7175897", "title": "Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-A review.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Spoorthy, Mamidipalli Sai", "Pratapa, Sree Karthik", "Mahant, Supriya"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339895", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of novel corona virus (COVID-19) across the globe and the associated morbidity and mortality challenged the nations by several means. One such underrecognized and unaddressed area is the mental health issues medical staff develop during the pandemic. This review aimed to review the literature about mental health problems faced by health care workers (HCW) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Embase. All types of articles published in the last 4 months (January 2020-April 2020) which were relevant to the subject of the review were searched. A total of 23 articles were selected by initial screening and 6 articles were included in the final review. Review of all the 6 articles showed that current research focused on assessing several aspects of mental health affected in HCW due to COVID-19. Several sociodemographic variables like gender, profession, age, place of work, department of work and psychological variables like poor social support, self-efficacy were associated with increased stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia in HCW. There is increasing evidence that suggests that COVID-19 can be an independent risk factor for stress in HCW. Regular screening of medical personnel involved in treating, diagnosing patients with COVID-19 should be done for evaluating stress, depression and anxiety by using multidisciplinary Psychiatry teams."}, {"pmid": 32492436, "title": "Covid-19 may be exacerbated by right-to-left interatrial shunt.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Rajendram, Rajkumar", "Kharal, Ghulam A", "Puri, Rishi"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492436", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496284, "title": "How Are Orthopaedic Surgery Residencies Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic? An Assessment of Resident Experiences in Cities of Major Virus Outbreak.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["An, Tonya W", "Henry, Jensen K", "Igboechi, Oduche", "Wang, Pengcheng", "Yerrapragada, Aditya", "Lin, Carol A", "Paiement, Guy D"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496284", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to COVID-19, American medical centers have enacted elective case restrictions, markedly affecting the training of orthopaedic residents. Residencies must develop new strategies to provide patient care while ensuring the health and continued education of trainees. We aimed to describe the evolving impact of COVID-19 on orthopaedic surgery residents. We surveyed five Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited orthopaedic residency programs within cities highly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic about clinical and curricular changes. An online questionnaire surveyed individual resident experiences related to COVID-19. One hundred twenty-one resident survey responses were collected. Sixty-five percent of the respondents have cared for a COVID-19-positive patient. One in three reported being unable to obtain institutionally recommended personal protective equipment during routine clinical work. All programs have discontinued elective orthopaedic cases and restructured resident rotations. Most have shifted schedules to periods of active clinical duty followed by periods of remote work and self-isolation. Didactic education has continued via videoconferencing. COVID-19 has caused unprecedented changes to orthopaedic training; however, residents remain on the front lines of inpatient care. Exposures to COVID-19 are prevalent and residents have fallen ill. Programs currently use a variety of strategies to provide essential orthopaedic care. We recommend continued prioritization of resident safety and necessary training accommodations."}, {"pmid": 32457463, "title": "Scientific networks are helping African countries to access coronavirus lab supplies.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Nordling, Linda"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457463", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427154, "pmcid": "PMC7227585", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine-based treatments in the CoViD-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427154", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425256, "pmcid": "PMC7229444", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection and air pollutants: Correlation or causation?", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ricco, Matteo", "Ranzieri, Silvia", "Balzarini, Federica", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Corradi, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425256", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282312, "pmcid": "PMC7220001", "title": "A Case of COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Young Male with Full Body Rash as a Presenting Symptom.", "journal": "Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med", "authors": ["Hunt, Madison", "Koziatek, Christian"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282312", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019 the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was identified in Wuhan, China. In the ensuing months, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread globally and case load is exponentially increasing across the United States. Emergency departments have adopted screening and triage procedures to identify potential cases and isolate them during evaluation. We describe a case of COVID-19 pneumonia requiring hospitalization that presented with fever and extensive rash as the primary presenting symptoms. Rash has only been rarely reported in COVID-19 patients, and has not been previously described."}, {"pmid": 32071450, "title": "Avoid stigmatizing names for 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Shu, Lele"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32071450", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303395, "pmcid": "PMC7156245", "title": "Response and Operating Room Preparation for the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Perspective From the National Heart Centre in Singapore.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Tan, Zihui", "Phoon, Priscilla Hui Yi", "Zeng, Ling Antonia", "Fu, Jing", "Lim, Xiao Ting", "Tan, Teing Ee", "Loh, Kenny Wei-Tsen", "Goh, Meng Huat"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303395", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease from a novel coronavirus that was first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, is now a public health emergency and pandemic. Singapore, as a major international transportation hub in Asia, has been one of the worst hit countries by the disease. With the advent of local transmission, the authors share their preparation and response planning for the operating room of the National Heart Centre Singapore, the largest cardiothoracic tertiary center in Singapore. Protection of staff and patients, environmental concerns, and other logistic and equipment issues are considered."}, {"pmid": 32493696, "title": "Covid-19: Review of ethnic disparities is labelled \"whitewash\" for lack of recommendations.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493696", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386898, "pmcid": "PMC7192070", "title": "Geospatial analysis of COVID-19 and otolaryngologists above age 60.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Ruthberg, Jeremy S", "Quereshy, Humzah A", "Jella, Tarun K", "Kocharyan, Armine", "D'Anza, Brian", "Maronian, Nicole", "Otteson, Todd D"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386898", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is disproportionately impacting older individuals and healthcare workers. Otolaryngologists are especially susceptible with the elevated risk of aerosolization and corresponding high viral loads. This study utilizes a geospatial analysis to illustrate the comparative risks of older otolaryngologists across the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographic and state population data were extracted from the State Physician Workforce Reports published by the AAMC for the year 2018. A geospatial heat map of the United States was then constructed to illustrate the location of COVID-19 confirmed case counts and the distributions of ENTs over 60\u00a0years for each state. In 2018, out of a total of 9578 practicing U.S. ENT surgeons, 3081 were older than 60\u00a0years (32.2%). The states with the highest proportion of ENTs over 60 were Maine, Delaware, Hawaii, and Louisiana. The states with the highest ratios of confirmed COVID-19 cases to the number of total ENTs over 60 were New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Michigan. Based on our models, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Michigan represent states where older ENTs may be the most susceptible to developing severe complications from nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 due to a combination of high COVID-19 case volumes and a high proportion of ENTs over 60\u00a0years."}, {"pmid": 32532932, "title": "Should lCU COVID-19 patients empirically receive therapeutic doses of anticoagulant?", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Piazza, Ornella"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532932", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "not available."}, {"pmid": 32291154, "pmcid": "PMC7151276", "title": "Social media and telemedicine for oral diagnosis and counselling in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Machado, Renato Assis", "de Souza, Natalia Lins", "Oliveira, Rayane Maria", "Martelli Junior, Hercilio", "Bonan, Paulo Rogerio Ferreti"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291154", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422996, "title": "Highly Conserved Homotrimer Cavity Formed by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Novel Binding Site.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Kalathiya, Umesh", "Padariya, Monikaben", "Mayordomo, Marcos", "Lisowska, Malgorzata", "Nicholson, Judith", "Singh, Ashita", "Baginski, Maciej", "Fahraeus, Robin", "Carragher, Neil", "Ball, Kathryn", "Haas, Juergen", "Daniels, Alison", "Hupp, Ted R", "Alfaro, Javier Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422996", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An important stage in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) life cycle is the binding of the spike (S) protein to the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) host cell receptor. Therefore, to explore conserved features in spike protein dynamics and to identify potentially novel regions for drugging, we measured spike protein variability derived from 791 viral genomes and studied its properties by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The findings indicated that S2 subunit (heptad-repeat 1 (HR1), central helix (CH), and connector domain (CD) domains) showed low variability, low fluctuations in MD, and displayed a trimer cavity. By contrast, the receptor binding domain (RBD) domain, which is typically targeted in drug discovery programs, exhibits more sequence variability and flexibility. Interpretations from MD simulations suggest that the monomer form of spike protein is in constant motion showing transitions between an \"up\" and \"down\" state. In addition, the trimer cavity may function as a \"bouncing spring\" that may facilitate the homotrimer spike protein interactions with the ACE2 receptor. The feasibility of the trimer cavity as a potential drug target was examined by structure based virtual screening. Several hits were identified that have already been validated or suggested to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 virus in published cell models. In particular, the data suggest an action mechanism for molecules including Chitosan and macrolides such as the mTOR (mammalian target of Rapamycin) pathway inhibitor Rapamycin. These findings identify a novel small molecule binding-site formed by the spike protein oligomer, that might assist in future drug discovery programs aimed at targeting the coronavirus (CoV) family of viruses."}, {"pmid": 32386444, "pmcid": "PMC7272825", "title": "Kidney transplantation and the lockdown effect.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Bellini, Maria Irene", "Tortorici, Francesco", "Capogni, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386444", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398890, "pmcid": "PMC7213963", "title": "COVID-19 and digital inequalities: Reciprocal impacts and mitigation strategies.", "journal": "Comput Human Behav", "authors": ["Beaunoyer, Elisabeth", "Dupere, Sophie", "Guitton, Matthieu J"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398890", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With more than three billion people in isolation, the status of digital spaces is switching from an amenity to a necessity, as they become not only the main way to access information and services, but also one of the only remaining vectors for economic, educational, and leisure activities as well as for social interactions to take place. However, not all are equals in terms of access to networks or connected devices, or when it comes to the skills required to navigate computerized spaces optimally. Digital inequalities were already existing, yet the COVID-19 crisis is exacerbating them dramatically. On the one hand, the crisis will worsen digital inequalities within the population. On the other hand, digital inequalities represent a major risk factor of vulnerability for exposure to the virus itself, and for the non-sanitary consequences of the crisis. Therefore, this paper aims at exploring the reciprocal impacts of the COVID-19 crisis and digital inequalities, and to propose operative solutions to help fight the nefarious consequences of the crisis. We first describe how digital inequalities are a determinant of health. We then investigate how COVID-19 can potentiate digital inequalities, and how digital inequalities potentiate vulnerability to COVID-19. Finally, in order to contribute to the mitigation of this crisis, we propose a set of multi-layered strategies focusing on actionability that can be implemented at multiple structural levels, ranging from governmental to corporate and community levels."}, {"pmid": 32361152, "pmcid": "PMC7252059", "title": "The Use of Bronchoscopy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: CHEST/AABIP Guideline and Expert Panel Report.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Wahidi, Momen M", "Shojaee, Samira", "Lamb, Carla R", "Ost, David", "Maldonado, Fabien", "Eapen, George", "Caroff, Daniel A", "Stevens, Michael P", "Ouellette, Daniel R", "Lilly, Craig", "Gardner, Donna D", "Glisinski, Kristen", "Pennington, Kelly", "Alalawi, Raed"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361152", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the globe and is causing significant morbidity and mortality. Given that the virus is transmitted via droplets, open airway procedures such as bronchoscopy pose a significant risk to health-care workers (HCWs). The goal of this guideline was to examine the current evidence on the role of bronchoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic and the optimal protection of patients and HCWs. \u25aa\u25aa\u25aa STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A group of approved panelists developed key clinical questions by using the Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome (PICO) format that addressed specific topics on bronchoscopy related to COVID-19 infection and transmission. MEDLINE (via PubMed) was systematically searched for relevant literature and references were screened for inclusion. Validated evaluation tools were used to assess the quality of studies and to grade the level of evidence to support each recommendation. When evidence did not exist, suggestions were developed based on consensus using the modified Delphi process. The systematic review and critical analysis of the literature based on six PICO questions resulted in six statements: one evidence-based graded recommendation and 5 ungraded consensus-based statements. The evidence on the role of bronchoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic is sparse. To maximize protection of patients and HCWs, bronchoscopy should be used sparingly in the evaluation and management of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infections. In an area where community transmission of COVID-19 infection is present, bronchoscopy should be deferred for nonurgent indications, and if necessary to perform, HCWs should wear personal protective equipment while performing the procedure even on asymptomatic patients."}, {"pmid": 32341008, "title": "Doctors' deaths from covid-19 should be reported to the coroner.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Agius, Raymond M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341008", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361692, "title": "How the COVID-19 Overcomes the Battle? An Approach to Virus Structure.", "journal": "Iran J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Ahmadpour, Doryaneh", "Ahmadpoor, Pedram"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361692", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses primarily cause zoonotic infections, however in the past few decades several interspecies transmissions have occurred, the last one by SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19 pandemic, posing serious threat to global health. The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein plays an important role in viral attachment, fusion and entry. However, other structural and non-structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins are potential influencers in virus pathogenicity. Among these proteins; Orf3, Orf8, and Orf10 show the least homology to SARSCoV proteins and therefore should be further studied for their abilities to modulate antiviral and inflammatory responses. Here, we discuss how SARS-COV-2 interacts with our immune system."}, {"pmid": 32331816, "pmcid": "PMC7153516", "title": "Commentary: Compliance with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery guidelines will prevent sternal wound infections and minimize postoperative complications in cardiac surgery patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Lazar, Harold L"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331816", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426209, "pmcid": "PMC7228888", "title": "Are Type 1 Interferons treatment in Multiple Sclerosis as a potential therapy against COVID-19?", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Gemcioglu, Emin", "Davutoglu, Mehmet", "Ozdemir, Ese Ece", "Erden, Abdulsamet"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32497494, "pmcid": "PMC7242935", "title": "Radiology Department Preparedness in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 COVID-19 Postshutdown Environment.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Mossa-Basha, Mahmud", "Linnau, Ken F", "Sahani, Dushyant V"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497494", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213480, "title": "Covid-19: how to be careful with trust and expertise on social media.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Llewellyn, Sue"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213480", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335456, "pmcid": "PMC7169882", "title": "The old but new: Can unfractioned heparin and low molecular weight heparins inhibit proteolytic activation and cellular internalization of SARS-CoV2 by inhibition of host cell proteases?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Belen-Apak, F B", "Sarialioglu, F"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335456", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, our world is facing the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak and tremendous efforts are made for developing drugs to treat and vaccines to prevent the disease. At present, there is no specific antiviral drug or vaccine for COVID-19. The pathogenic infectivity of the virus requires the S1 subunit of the spike (S) protein to bind the host cell receptor, angiontensin converting enzyme (ACE2). While the binding to host cell receptor is the first step of infection, the entrance of the virus into the cell needs the cleavage of S1-S2 subunits to expose S2 for fusion to cell membrane via host proteases including cathepsins, cell surface transmembrane protease/serine (TMPRSS) proteases, furin, trypsin and factor Xa. Previous in vitro studies have shown that factor Xa inhibition can decrease viral infectivity. We suppose that host cell proteases including furin (as expressed highly in lungs), factor Xa and cathepsin are possible targets to decrease viral burden, therefore unfractioned heparin and low molecular weight heparin-LMWH (specifically dalteparin and tinzaparin for their anti inflammatory action) can be potential inhibitors of multiple endoproteases involved in virus infectivity. Our hypothesis needs to be tested in in vitro and clinical studies, however as we are in an urgent situation as the burden of SARS-CoV2 is increasing all around the world, we recommend the usage of unfractioned heparin or LMWH in intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU hospitalized patients with the risk-benefit judgement of the clinician. Whether our hypothesis is clinically applicable and successful in decreasing viral infection will be evaluated for further studies."}, {"pmid": 32507120, "title": "COVID-19-Defining an invisible enemy within healthcare and the community.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Musa, Saif", "Sivaramakrishnan, Anand", "Paget, Stephanie", "El-Mugamar, Husam"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507120", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448282, "pmcid": "PMC7245622", "title": "Italian pediatric respiratory society recommendations on pediatric pulmonary function testing during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ital J Pediatr", "authors": ["Bignamini, Elisabetta", "Cazzato, Salvatore", "Cutrera, Renato", "Ferrante, Giuliana", "La Grutta, Stefania", "Licari, Amelia", "Lombardi, Enrico", "Midulla, Fabio", "Piacentini, Giorgio", "Pifferi, Massimo", "Santamaria, Francesca", "Tancredi, Giancarlo", "Turchetta, Attilio"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448282", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective prevention and control strategies are mandatory to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The Italian Pediatric Respiratory Society promotes a series of new recommendations that should be followed in pulmonary function testing laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pulmonary function testing should be performed in children with chronic lung disease only if it is needed to guide management and limited to the necessary tests, namely spirometry. When performed, strict infection control measures should be followed due to the potential risk of transmitting SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32142626, "pmcid": "PMC7133583", "title": "Mass masking in the COVID-19 epidemic: people need guidance.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Leung, Chi Chiu", "Lam, Tai Hing", "Cheng, Kar Keung"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398164, "pmcid": "PMC7214852", "title": "Drug repurposing against COVID-19: focus on anticancer agents.", "journal": "J Exp Clin Cancer Res", "authors": ["Ciliberto, Gennaro", "Mancini, Rita", "Paggi, Marco G"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398164", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The very limited time allowed to face the COVID-19 pandemic poses a pressing challenge to find proper therapeutic approaches. However, synthesis and full investigation from preclinical studies to phase III trials of new medications is a time-consuming procedure, and not viable in a global emergency, such as the one we are facing. Drug repurposing/repositioning, a strategy effectively employed in cancer treatment, can represent a valid alternative. Most drugs considered for repurposing/repositioning in the therapy of the COVID-19 outbreak are commercially available and their dosage and toxicity in humans is well known, due to years (or even decades) of clinical use. This can allow their fast-track evaluation in phase II-III clinical trials, or even within straightforward compassionate use. Several drugs being re-considered for COVID-19 therapy are or have been used in cancer therapy. Indeed, virus-infected cells are pushed to enhance the synthesis of nucleic acids, protein and lipid synthesis and boost their energy metabolism, in order to comply to the \"viral program\". Indeed, the same features are seen in cancer cells, making it likely that drugs interfering with specific cancer cell pathways may be effective as well in defeating viral replication. To our knowledge, cancer drugs potentially suitable for facing SARS-CoV-2 infection have not been carefully reviewed. We present here a comprehensive analysis of available information on potential candidate cancer drugs that can be repurposed for the treatment of COIVD-19."}, {"pmid": 32299779, "pmcid": "PMC7195045", "title": "What Is the Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in COVID-19 Infection in Hypertensive Patients With Diabetes?", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["John, Thadathilankal-Jess", "John, Kiran"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299779", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247038, "pmcid": "PMC7118642", "title": "Potential effect of blood purification therapy in reducing cytokine storm as a late complication of critically ill COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Ma, Jie", "Xia, Peng", "Zhou, Yangzhong", "Liu, Zhengyin", "Zhou, Xiang", "Wang, Jinglan", "Li, Taisheng", "Yan, Xiaowei", "Chen, Limeng", "Zhang, Shuyang", "Qin, Yan", "Li, Xuemei"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247038", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529592, "pmcid": "PMC7288252", "title": "The effect of social distance measures on COVID-19 epidemics in Europe: an interrupted time series analysis.", "journal": "Geroscience", "authors": ["Voko, Zoltan", "Pitter, Janos Gyorgy"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529592", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the introduction of unprecedented \"stay-at-home\" national policies, the COVID-19 pandemic recently started declining in Europe. Our research aims were to characterize the changepoint in the flow of the COVID-19 epidemic in each European country and to evaluate the association of the level of social distancing with the observed decline in the national epidemics. Interrupted time series analyses were conducted in 28 European countries. Social distance index was calculated based on Google Community Mobility Reports. Changepoints were estimated by threshold regression, national findings were analyzed by Poisson regression, and the effect of social distancing in mixed effects Poisson regression model. Our findings identified the most probable changepoints in 28 European countries. Before changepoint, incidence of new COVID-19 cases grew by 24% per day on average. From the changepoint, this growth rate was reduced to 0.9%, 0.3% increase, and to 0.7% and 1.7% decrease by increasing social distancing quartiles. The beneficial effect of higher social distance quartiles (i.e., turning the increase into decline) was statistically significant for the fourth quartile. Notably, many countries in lower quartiles also achieved a flat epidemic curve. In these countries, other plausible COVID-19 containment measures could contribute to controlling the first wave of the disease. The association of social distance quartiles with viral spread could also be hindered by local bottlenecks in infection control. Our results allow for moderate optimism related to the gradual lifting of social distance measures in the general population, and call for specific attention to the protection of focal micro-societies enriching high-risk elderly subjects, including nursing homes and chronic care facilities."}, {"pmid": 32501806, "title": "How COVID-19 public interest in the United States fluctuated: A Google Trends Analysis.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Husain, Iltifat", "Briggs, Blake", "Lefebvre, Cedric", "Cline, David M", "Stopyra, Jason P", "O'Brien, Mary Claire", "Vaithi, Ramupriya", "Gilmore, Scott", "Countryman, Chase"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501806", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the absence of vaccines and established treatments, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are fundamental tools to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. NPIs require public interest in order to be successful. In the United States, there is a lack of published research on the factors that influenced public interest in COVID-19. Using Google Trends, we examined the US level of public interest in COVID-19 and how it correlated to testing and other countries. To determine how public interest in COVID-19 in the US changed over time and the key factors driving this change, such as testing. US COVID-19 public interest was compared to countries that have been more successful in their containment and mitigation strategies. In this retrospective study, Google Trends was used to analyze the volume of internet searches within the US relating to COVID-19, focusing on dates between December 31, 2019 to March 24, 2020. Volume of internet searches related to COVID-19 was compared to other countries. Within the US throughout January and February 2020, there was limited search interest in COVID-19. Interest declined for the first 21 days of February. A similar decline was seen in geographical regions that were later found to be experiencing undetected community transmission in February. Between March 9 and March 12, there was a rapid rise in search interest. This rise in search interest was positively correlated with the rise of positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 (6.3, 95% CI -2.9 to 9.7; P\u2009<.001). Within the US, it took 52 days for search interest to rise substantially from first positive case; in countries with more successful outbreak control it took less than 15 days. Containment and mitigation strategies require public interest in order for them to be successful. The initial US level of COVID-19 public interest was limited, and even fell during a time when containment and mitigation strategies were being put in place. A lack of US public interest in COVID-19 existed when containment and mitigation policies were in place. Based on our analysis, it is clear policy makers need to develop novel methods of communicating COVID-19 public health initiatives. "}, {"pmid": 32403895, "title": "Creating Backup Management Resources for Spine Care during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "Asian Spine J", "authors": ["Yadav, Sandeep Kumar", "Kar, Bikram Keshri", "Banta, Aditya", "Kumar, Awkash"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403895", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During this unprecedented time of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic, most countries are struggling to optimize their healthcare resources. Although the prevention and treatment of COVID 19 has become the priority for the majority of the population, most medical professionals are facing the challenge of balancing the management of this pandemic and treating patients with other diseases. Healthcare professionals from all specialties are facing this situation and designing guidelines and recommendations that are contributing to the literature that is crucial for disease management at the current time. We share our experience with two ends of the spectra that we currently observe in spine patients. One group of patients included the non-operative cases that presented with back pain. Further, we discuss our experience with operative precautions and digitally assisted discharge."}, {"pmid": 32510263, "title": "Breastfeeding, Human Milk Collection and Containers, and Human Milk Banking: Hot Topics During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Hum Lact", "authors": ["Moro, Guido E", "Bertino, Enrico"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510263", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448905, "title": "Letter to the Editor: Our Response to Covid-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists.", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Snyder, Steven"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448905", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487664, "title": "Covid-19: 146 researchers raise concerns over chloroquine study that halted WHO trial.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487664", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319209, "pmcid": "PMC7264723", "title": "Challenge of managing patients with COVID-19 and acute behavioural disturbances.", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["Lightfoot, Joshua", "Harris, Daniel", "Haustead, Daniel"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319209", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407459, "pmcid": "PMC7239203", "title": "Risk Factors of Severe Disease and Efficacy of Treatment in Patients Infected with COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, John J Y", "Lee, Keng Siang", "Ang, Li Wei", "Leo, Yee Sin", "Young, Barnaby Edward"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407459", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread globally in the beginning of 2020. At present, predictors of severe disease and the efficacy of different treatments are not well-understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published studies up to March 15, 2020 which reported COVID-19 clinical features and/or treatment outcomes. 45 studies reporting 4203 patients were included. Pooled rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mortality and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were 10.9%, 4.3% and 18.4%, respectively. On meta-regression, ICU admission was predicted by raised leukocyte count (p<0.0001), raised alanine aminotransferase (p=0.024), raised aspartate transaminase (p=0.0040), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p<0.0001) and increased procalcitonin (p<0.0001). ARDS was predicted by elevated LDH (p<0.0001), while mortality was predicted by raised leukocyte count (p=0.0005) and elevated LDH (p<0.0001). Treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir showed no significant benefit in mortality and ARDS rates. Corticosteroids were associated with a higher rate of ARDS (p=0.0003)."}, {"pmid": 32349132, "title": "Pulmonary Embolism or Pulmonary Thrombosis in COVID-19? Is the Recommendation to Use High-Dose Heparin for Thromboprophylaxis Justified?", "journal": "Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Cattaneo, Marco", "Bertinato, Elena M", "Birocchi, Simone", "Brizio, Carolina", "Malavolta, Daniele", "Manzoni, Marco", "Muscarella, Gesualdo", "Orlandi, Michela"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349132", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424891, "title": "Opportunistic virus infections in psoriasis patients: The safer alternative of apremilast in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Armesto, Susana", "Gonzalez Vela, Carmen", "Gonzalez Lopez, Marco Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424891", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427637, "title": "The Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease.", "journal": "Cardiol Rev", "authors": ["Golemi Minga, Iva", "Golemi, Lolita", "Tafur, Alfonso", "Pursnani, Amit"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427637", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed a significant strain on healthcare providers. As the number of patients continue to surge, healthcare workers are now forced to find different approaches to practicing medicine that may affect patient care. In addition, COVID-19 has many cardiovascular complications that affect the clinical course of patients. In this article, we summarize the cardiovascular impact of COVID-19 and some of the challenges that patients and the healthcare system will face during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32504274, "pmcid": "PMC7274508", "title": "Letter to The Editor: COVID-19: Looking South and East in the World for Guidance.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Lakhoo, Kokila", "Farmer, Diana"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504274", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529116, "pmcid": "PMC7243793", "title": "Chemistry and Biology of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Chem", "authors": ["Domling, Alexander", "Gao, Li"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529116", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV or Wuhan coronavirus) caused an unprecedented fast-spreading worldwide pandemic. Although currently with a rather low mortality rate, the virus spread rapidly over the world using the modern world's traffic highways. The coronavirus (CoV) family members were responsible for several deadly outbreaks and epidemics during the last decade. Not only governments but also the scientific community reacted promptly to the outbreak, and information is shared quickly. For example, the genetic fingerprint was shared, and the 3D structure of key proteins was rapidly solved, which can be used for the discovery of potential treatments. An overview is given on the current knowledge of the spread, disease course, and molecular biology of SARS-CoV-2. We discuss potential treatment developments in the context of recent outbreaks, drug repurposing, and development timelines."}, {"pmid": 32251539, "title": "COVID-19 and liver disease.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Sun, Jian", "Aghemo, Alessio", "Forner, Alejandro", "Valenti, Luca"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251539", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328533, "pmcid": "PMC7167363", "title": "Canada's role in strengthening global health security during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Chattu, Vijay Kumar", "Adisesh, Anil", "Yaya, Sanni"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328533", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is confronted by the current pandemic of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), which is a wake-up call for all nations irrespective of their development status or geographical location. Since the start of the century we have seen five big infectious outbreaks which proved that epidemics are no more regarded as historic and geographically confined threats. The Canadian government underlined that these infectious disease outbreaks are threats to global health security and disrupt societal wellbeing and development. In this context, the Public Health Agency of Canada is proactive and has shown its preparedness for outbreaks of emerging and epidemic-prone diseases, and in dealing with these pathogens. Even before the declaration of pandemic, Canada has proved its global health leadership by ensuring collective action and multisectoral coordination which still remains a serious challenge especially for low and middle- income countries with existing poor health systems. In this article we discuss how Canada is addressing the global challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic through its leadership and practice of global health diplomacy."}, {"pmid": 32306036, "pmcid": "PMC7188124", "title": "Profile of RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary study from 56 COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xiao, Ai Tang", "Tong, Yi Xin", "Zhang, Sheng"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306036", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic threatens the world. Here, we first studied the dynamics profile of SARS-CoV-2 from 56 recovered COVID-19 patients. We found virus shedding was up to 6 weeks after onset of symptoms. Prolonged observation period is necessary for older patients."}, {"pmid": 32346683, "pmcid": "PMC7156899", "title": "Prevention of COVID-19 in Older Adults: A Brief Guidance from the International Association for Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG) Asia/Oceania region.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Chhetri, J K", "Chan, P", "Arai, H", "Chul Park, S", "Sriyani Gunaratne, P", "Setiati, S", "Assantachai, P"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346683", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437831, "pmcid": "PMC7212257", "title": "Reply to: 'Younger patients with MAFLD are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 illness: A multicenter preliminary analysis'.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Ji, Dong", "Qin, Enqiang", "Lau, George"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437831", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337505, "pmcid": "PMC7179486", "title": "Peritoneal Dialysis During the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Acute Inpatient and Maintenance Outpatient Experiences.", "journal": "Kidney Med", "authors": ["El Shamy, Osama", "Sharma, Shuchita", "Winston, Jonathan", "Uribarri, Jaime"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337505", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519753, "title": "The potential of cannabidiol in the COVID-19 pandemic: a hypothesis letter.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Esposito, Giuseppe", "Pesce, Marcella", "Seguella, Luisa", "Sanseverino, Walter", "Lu, Jie", "Corpetti, Chiara", "Sarnelli, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519753", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Identifying candidate drugs effective in the new coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is crucial, pending a vaccine against SARS-CoV2. We suggest the hypothesis that Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid, has the potential to limit the severity and progression of the disease for several reasons: 1) High-CBD Cannabis Sativa extracts are able to downregulate the expression of the two key receptors for SARS-CoV2 in several models of human epithelia 2) CBD exerts a wide range of immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and it can mitigate the uncontrolled cytokine production featuring Acute Lung Injury 3) Being a PPAR\u03b3 agonist, it can display a direct antiviral activity 4) PPAR\u03b3 agonists are regulators of fibroblast/myofibroblast activation and can inhibit the development of pulmonary fibrosis, thus ameliorating lung function in recovered patients. We hope our hypothesis, corroborated by several preclinical evidence, will inspire further targeted studies to test CBD as a support drug against the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32494567, "pmcid": "PMC7258884", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak in Malaysia.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "authors": ["Elengoe, Asita"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494567", "countries": ["China", "Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In 2020 a significant threat to public health emerged. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic outbreak emerged in December 2019 from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and spread to the rest of the world. This disease was named COVID-19 by World Health Organization. To date (17th April 2020) a total of 2,230,439 cases of COVID-19; 150,810 cases of deaths and 564,210 recovered cases have been reported worldwide. In this review the SARS-CoV-2 morphology, pathogenic mechanism, similarities and differences between SARS-CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome, transmission mode, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures were investigated. The outbreak of COVID-19 from a Malaysian perspective was explored and mental health care during the COVID-19 outbreak was explored. To date, there is no vaccine or no specific treatment for COVID-19. Therefore, preventive measures are very important to prevent and control the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Preparedness should be a priority for future pandemic outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32345124, "pmcid": "PMC7232888", "title": "An in-silico evaluation of different Saikosaponins for their potency against SARS-CoV-2 using NSP15 and fusion spike glycoprotein as targets.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Sinha, Saurabh K", "Shakya, Anshul", "Prasad, Satyendra K", "Singh, Shashikant", "Gurav, Nilambari S", "Prasad, Rupali S", "Gurav, Shailendra S"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345124", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Public Health Emergency of International Concern declared the widespread outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 as a global pandemic emergency, which has resulted in 1,773,086 confirmed cases including 111,652 human deaths, as on 13 April 2020, as reported to World Health Organization. As of now, there are no vaccines or antiviral drugs declared to be officially useful against the infection. Saikosaponin is a group of oleanane derivatives reported in Chinese medicinal plants and are described for their anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antinephritis and hepatoprotective activities. They have also been known to have anti-coronaviral property by interfering the early stage of viral replication including absorption and penetration of the virus. Thus, the present study was undertaken to screen and evaluate the potency of different Saikosaponins against different sets of SARS-CoV-2 binding protein via computational molecular docking simulations. Docking was carried out on a Glide module of Schrodinger Maestro 2018-1\u2009MM Share Version on NSP15 (PDB ID: 6W01) and Prefusion 2019-nCoV spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6VSB) from SARS-CoV-2. From the binding energy and interaction studies, the Saikosaponins U and V showed the best affinity towards both the proteins suggesting them to be future research molecule as they mark the desire interaction with NSP15, which is responsible for replication of RNA and also with 2019-nCoV spike glycoprotein which manage the connection with ACE2. [Formula: see text] Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32315281, "title": "Possible Bat Origin of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lau, Susanna K P", "Luk, Hayes K H", "Wong, Antonio C P", "Li, Kenneth S M", "Zhu, Longchao", "He, Zirong", "Fung, Joshua", "Chan, Tony T Y", "Fung, Kitty S C", "Woo, Patrick C Y"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315281", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We showed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is probably a novel recombinant virus. Its genome is closest to that of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronaviruses from horseshoe bats, and its receptor-binding domain is closest to that of pangolin viruses. Its origin and direct ancestral viruses have not been identified."}, {"pmid": 32407564, "pmcid": "PMC7272940", "title": "Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: Family cluster of Urticarial Rash.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Cepeda-Valdes, R", "Carrion-Alvarez, D", "Trejo-Castro, A", "Hernandez-Torre, M", "Salas-Alanis, J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407564", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is rapidly spread across the world. Many clinical manifestations of the virus are described, and new symptoms are emerging, only few cases of patients with skin manifestation were described since the pandemic was announced by the WHO on March. Common clinical features of COVID-19 reported include fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue, headache, shortness of breath and diarrhea."}, {"pmid": 32172672, "pmcid": "PMC7103735", "title": "A tug-of-war between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and host antiviral defence: lessons from other pathogenic viruses.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Fung, Sin-Yee", "Yuen, Kit-San", "Ye, Zi-Wei", "Chan, Chi-Ping", "Jin, Dong-Yan"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32172672", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "World Health Organization has declared the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The virus was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Human infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to a wide range of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic, mild, moderate to severe. The severe cases present with pneumonia, which can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The outbreak provides an opportunity for real-time tracking of an animal coronavirus that has just crossed species barrier to infect humans. The outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection is largely determined by virus-host interaction. Here, we review the discovery, zoonotic origin, animal hosts, transmissibility and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in relation to its interplay with host antiviral defense. A comparison with SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, community-acquired human coronaviruses and other pathogenic viruses including human immunodeficiency viruses is made. We summarize current understanding of the induction of a proinflammatory cytokine storm by other highly pathogenic human coronaviruses, their adaptation to humans and their usurpation of the cell death programmes. Important questions concerning the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host antiviral defence, including asymptomatic and presymptomatic virus shedding, are also discussed."}, {"pmid": 32528711, "pmcid": "PMC7276792", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and shortage of personal protective equipment in Tokyo clinics.", "journal": "Acute Med Surg", "authors": ["Inaba, Mototaka", "Naito, Hiromichi", "Sakata, Taizo", "Nakao, Atsunori"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528711", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404314, "title": "Cassandra's curse and covid-19: why do governments listen to businesses over doctors?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Green, Stephen T", "Cladi, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404314", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432810, "title": "Letter: does vitamin D have a potential role against COVID-19?", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Kumar, Deepak", "Gupta, Prakamya", "Banerjee, Dibyajyoti"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432810", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490743, "title": "Is Covid-19 sowing the seeds for future litigation?", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Riley-Smith Qc, Toby", "Heppinstall, Adam", "Foster, Freya"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490743", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We consider various types of litigation that may follow the Covid-19 pandemic, including: claims against National Health Service (NHS) Trusts by patients who have contracted the coronavirus (or by their bereaved families), claims by NHS staff against their employer for a failure to provide any or adequate personal protective equipment or testing, commercial claims arising from the procurement of medical supplies, the potential liabilities to those who suffer adverse reactions to any vaccine and the guidance issued by the regulators in relation to subsequent disciplinary action."}, {"pmid": 32525710, "title": "Response to Elmaraghi et al. re: \"A Guide to Facial Trauma Triage and Precautions in the COVID-19 Pandemic\".", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Hsieh, Tsung-Yen", "Chiao, Whitney", "Hilger, Peter A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525710", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345601, "title": "Covid-19 makes the future of UK clinical research uncertain.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345601", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388748, "pmcid": "PMC7211055", "title": "Reply to Rheumatologists' perspective on coronavirus disease 19: is heparin the dark horse for COVID-19?", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Ahmed, Sakir", "Anirvan, Prajna"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388748", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192816, "pmcid": "PMC7269695", "title": "Stepping Forward: Urologists' Efforts During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Singapore.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Chan, Ming-Chun", "Yeo, Sharon E K", "Chong, Yew-Lam", "Lee, Yee-Mun"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192816", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410003, "pmcid": "PMC7221011", "title": "Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Why Children Fare Better than Adults?", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Dhochak, Nitin", "Singhal, Tanu", "Kabra, S K", "Lodha, Rakesh"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410003", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is facing Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is causing a large number of deaths and burden on intensive care facilities. It is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) originating in Wuhan, China. It has been seen that fewer children contract COVID-19 and among infected, children have less severe disease. Insights in pathophysiological mechanisms of less severity in children could be important for devising therapeutics for high-risk adults and elderly. Early closing of schools and day-care centers led to less frequent exposure and hence, lower infection rate in children. The expression of primary target receptor for SARS-CoV-2,\u00a0i.e. angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), decreases with age. ACE-2 has lung protective effects by limiting angiotensin-2 mediated pulmonary capillary leak and inflammation. Severe COVID-19 disease is associated with high and persistent viral loads in adults. Children have strong innate immune response due to trained immunity (secondary to live-vaccines and frequent viral infections), leading to probably early control of infection at the site of entry. Adult patients show suppressed adaptive immunity and dysfunctional over-active innate immune response in severe infections, which is not seen in children. These could be related to immune-senescence in elderly. Excellent regeneration capacity of pediatric alveolar epithelium may be contributing to early recovery from COVID-19. Children, less frequently, have risk factors such as co-morbidities, smoking, and obesity. But young infants and children with pre-existing illnesses could be high risk groups and need careful monitoring. Studies describing immune-pathogenesis in COVID-19 are lacking in children and need urgent attention."}, {"pmid": 32352397, "title": "The hemocyte counts as a potential biomarker for predicting disease progression in COVID-19: a retrospective study.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Zheng, Yufen", "Zhang, Ying", "Chi, Hongbo", "Chen, Shiyong", "Peng, Minfei", "Luo, Lifei", "Chen, Linping", "Li, Jun", "Shen, Bo", "Wang, Donglian"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352397", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives In December 2019, there was an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, and since then, the disease has been increasingly spread throughout the world. Unfortunately, the information about early prediction factors for disease progression is relatively limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate the risk factors of developing severe disease. The objective of the study was to reveal the risk factors of developing severe disease by comparing the differences in the hemocyte count and dynamic profiles in patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19. Methods In this retrospectively analyzed cohort, 141 confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled in Taizhou Public Health Medical Center, Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China, from January 17, 2020 to February 26, 2020. Clinical characteristics and hemocyte counts of severe and non-severe COVID patients were collected. The differences in the hemocyte counts and dynamic profiles in patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19 were compared. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify potential biomarkers for predicting disease progression. A concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, decision curve and the clinical impact curve were calculated to assess the predictive accuracy. Results The data showed that the white blood cell count, neutrophil count and platelet count were normal on the day of hospital admission in most COVID-19 patients (87.9%, 85.1% and 88.7%, respectively). A total of 82.8% of severe patients had lymphopenia after the onset of symptoms, and as the disease progressed, there was marked lymphopenia. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the neutrophil count (hazard ratio [HR]\u2009=\u20094.441, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.954-10.090, p\u2009=\u20090.000), lymphocyte count (HR\u2009=\u20090.255, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.097-0.669, p\u2009=\u20090.006) and platelet count (HR\u2009=\u20090.244, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.111-0.537, p\u2009=\u20090.000) were independent risk factors for disease progression. The C-index (0.821 [95% CI, 0.746-0.896]), calibration curve, decision curve and the clinical impact curve showed that the nomogram can be used to predict the disease progression in COVID-19 patients accurately. In addition, the data involving the neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and platelet count (NLP score) have something to do with improving risk stratification and management of COVID-19 patients. Conclusions We designed a clinically predictive tool which is easy to use for assessing the progression risk of COVID-19, and the NLP score could be used to facilitate patient stratification management."}, {"pmid": 32363229, "pmcid": "PMC7194722", "title": "The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to pets and other wild and domestic animals strongly mandates a one-health strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Leroy, Eric M", "Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg", "Brugere-Picoux, Jeanne"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363229", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528206, "pmcid": "PMC7282429", "title": "COVID-19 and lessons learned from the pandemic wave of meningococcal meningitis (1985-1990).", "journal": "Sudan J Paediatr", "authors": ["Swar, Mohammed Osman"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528206", "countries": ["China", "Ethiopia", "United States", "Saudi Arabia", "Sudan", "Sweden"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus was first identified in late 2019 to cause an outbreak of acute respiratory illness in Wuhan city in China. The disease was designated COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020. Worldwide, the infection spread affecting more than 3 million confirmed cases, mainly in Europe and USA, and was characterised by the WHO as a pandemic in March 2020. During 1985-1990, a similar pandemic wave of meningococcal (MC) meningitis spread over vast territories in Asia (including Saudi Arabia) and Africa (including Sudan and Ethiopia with more than 70,000 cases). The Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics (SJP) is taking the opportunity to document the history of this pandemic in Sudan, which has been successfully managed within Sudan/Sweden scientific link program involving the University of Khartoum, Sudan and Uppsala University, Sweden. This joint research project evaluated a rapid antigen test for the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis which later proved to be adaptable to the field situation during the 1988 MC epidemic. It also constituted one of the pioneering works in molecular epidemiology and proved to be vital in controlling epidemic meningitis worldwide. Based on this and other bacteriologic and epidemiologic data, a new conjugate vaccine was later developed which put an end to Group A meningococcal epidemics. Lessons learnt from this pandemic, which also applied in case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are also highlighted."}, {"pmid": 32356866, "title": "The Business of Medicine in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Cutler, David M", "Nikpay, Sayeh", "Huckman, Robert S"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356866", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412546, "pmcid": "PMC7221227", "title": "Coronavirus and beyond: empowering social self-organization in urban food systems.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Calori, Andrea", "Federici, Francesca"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412546", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376714, "title": "Gene of the month: the 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus spike protein.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Pillay, Tahir S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376714", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The year 2020 has seen a major and sustained outbreak of a novel betacoronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2) infection that causes fever, severe respiratory illness and pneumonia, a disease called Covid-19. At the time of writing, the death toll was greater than 120 000 worldwide with more than 2 million documented infections. The genome of the CoV encodes a number of structural proteins that facilitate cellular entry and assembly of virions, of which the spike protein S appears to be critical for cellular entry. The spike protein guides the virus to attach to the host cell. The spike protein contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD), a fusion domain and a transmembrane domain. The RBD of spike protein S binds to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) to initiate cellular entry. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 shows more than 90% amino acid similarity to the pangolin and bat CoVs and these also use ACE2 as a receptor. Binding of the spike protein to ACE2 exposes the cleavage sites to cellular proteases. Cleavage of the spike protein by transmembrane protease serine 2 and other cellular proteases initiates fusion and endocytosis. The spike protein contains an addition furin cleavage site that may allow it to be 'preactivated' and highly infectious after replication. The fundamental role of the spike protein in infectivity suggests that it is an important target for vaccine development, blocking therapy with antibodies and diagnostic antigen-based tests. This review briefly outlines the structure and function of the 2019 novel CoV/SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S."}, {"pmid": 32510105, "title": "COVID-19: A Personalized Cardiometabolic Approach for Reducing Complications and Costs. The Role of Aging beyond Topics.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Saban-Ruiz, J", "Ly-Pen, D"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510105", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID 19 is much more than an infectious disease by SARS-CoV-2 followed by a disproportionate immune response. An older age, diabetes and history of cardiovascular disease, especially hypertension, but also chronic heart failure and coronary artery disease among others, are between the most important risk factors. In addition, during the hospitalization both hyperglycaemia and heart failure are frequent. Less frequent are acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmias and stroke. Accordingly, not all prolonged stays or even deaths are due directly to SARS-CoV-2. To our knowledge, this is the first review, focusing both on cardiovascular and metabolic aspects of this dreadful disease, in an integrated and personalized way, following the guidelines of the Cardiometabolic Health/Medicine. Therefore, current personalized aspects such as ACEIs and ARBs, the place of statins and the most appropriate management of heart failure in diabetics are analysed. Aging, better than old age, as a dynamic process, is also considered in this review for the first time in the literature, and not only as a risk factor attributed to cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular comorbidities. Immunosenescence is also approached to build healthier elders, so they can resist present and future infectious diseases, and not only in epidemics or pandemics. In addition, to do this we must start knowing the molecular mechanisms that underlying Aging process in general, and immunosenescence in particular. Surprisingly, the endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy are implicated in both process. Finally, with a training in all the aspects covered in this review, not only the hospital stay, complications and costs of this frightening disease in high-risk population should be reduced. Likely, this paper will open a gate to the future for open-minded physicians."}, {"pmid": 32423027, "title": "COVID-19: An Update About the Discovery Clinical Trial.", "journal": "Pharmaceuticals (Basel)", "authors": ["Vanden Eynde, Jean Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423027", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Finding efficacious and safe treatments for COVID-19 emerges as a crucial need in order to control the spread of the pandemic. Whereas plasma therapy attracts much interest, the European project Discovery focuses on the potentialities of small molecules like remdesivir, the combination of lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and chloroquine. Results recently published on the clinical evaluation of those drugs are compiled in this brief report, although complete data are still impatiently awaited."}, {"pmid": 32211816, "pmcid": "PMC7097841", "title": "Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Shi, Shaobo", "Qin, Mu", "Shen, Bo", "Cai, Yuli", "Liu, Tao", "Yang, Fan", "Gong, Wei", "Liu, Xu", "Liang, Jinjun", "Zhao, Qinyan", "Huang, He", "Yang, Bo", "Huang, Congxin"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211816", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide since December 2019. However, information on cardiac injury in patients affected by COVID-19 is limited. To explore the association between cardiac injury and mortality in patients with COVID-19. This cohort study was conducted from January 20, 2020, to February 10, 2020, in a single center at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; the final date of follow-up was February 15, 2020. All consecutive inpatients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included in this study. Clinical laboratory, radiological, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. Outcomes of patients with and without cardiac injury were compared. The association between cardiac injury and mortality was analyzed. A total of 416 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included in the final analysis; the median age was 64 years (range, 21-95 years), and 211 (50.7%) were female. Common symptoms included fever (334 patients [80.3%]), cough (144 [34.6%]), and shortness of breath (117 [28.1%]). A total of 82 patients (19.7%) had cardiac injury, and compared with patients without cardiac injury, these patients were older (median [range] age, 74 [34-95] vs 60 [21-90] years; P\u2009<\u2009.001); had more comorbidities (eg, hypertension in 49 of 82 [59.8%] vs 78 of 334 [23.4%]; P\u2009<\u2009.001); had higher leukocyte counts (median [interquartile range (IQR)], 9400 [6900-13\u202f800] vs 5500 [4200-7400] cells/\u03bcL) and levels of C-reactive protein (median [IQR], 10.2 [6.4-17.0] vs 3.7 [1.0-7.3] mg/dL), procalcitonin (median [IQR], 0.27 [0.10-1.22] vs 0.06 [0.03-0.10] ng/mL), creatinine kinase-myocardial band (median [IQR], 3.2 [1.8-6.2] vs 0.9 [0.6-1.3] ng/mL), myohemoglobin (median [IQR], 128 [68-305] vs 39 [27-65] \u03bcg/L), high-sensitivity troponin I (median [IQR], 0.19 [0.08-1.12] vs <0.006 [<0.006-0.009] \u03bcg/L), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (median [IQR], 1689 [698-3327] vs 139 [51-335] pg/mL), aspartate aminotransferase (median [IQR], 40 [27-60] vs 29 [21-40] U/L), and creatinine (median [IQR], 1.15 [0.72-1.92] vs 0.64 [0.54-0.78] mg/dL); and had a higher proportion of multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity in radiographic findings (53 of 82 patients [64.6%] vs 15 of 334 patients [4.5%]). Greater proportions of patients with cardiac injury required noninvasive mechanical ventilation (38 of 82 [46.3%] vs 13 of 334 [3.9%]; P\u2009<\u2009.001) or invasive mechanical ventilation (18 of 82 [22.0%] vs 14 of 334 [4.2%]; P\u2009<\u2009.001) than those without cardiac injury. Complications were more common in patients with cardiac injury than those without cardiac injury and included acute respiratory distress syndrome (48 of 82 [58.5%] vs 49 of 334 [14.7%]; P\u2009<\u2009.001), acute kidney injury (7 of 82 [8.5%] vs 1 of 334 [0.3%]; P\u2009<\u2009.001), electrolyte disturbances (13 of 82 [15.9%] vs 17 of 334 [5.1%]; P\u2009=\u2009.003), hypoproteinemia (11 of 82 [13.4%] vs 16 of 334 [4.8%]; P\u2009=\u2009.01), and coagulation disorders (6 of 82 [7.3%] vs 6 of 334 [1.8%]; P\u2009=\u2009.02). Patients with cardiac injury had higher mortality than those without cardiac injury (42 of 82 [51.2%] vs 15 of 334 [4.5%]; P\u2009<\u2009.001). In a Cox regression model, patients with vs those without cardiac injury were at a higher risk of death, both during the time from symptom onset (hazard ratio, 4.26 [95% CI, 1.92-9.49]) and from admission to end point (hazard ratio, 3.41 [95% CI, 1.62-7.16]). Cardiac injury is a common condition among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, and it is associated with higher risk of in-hospital mortality."}, {"pmid": 32305518, "pmcid": "PMC7162781", "title": "COVID-19 travel restrictions and the International Health Regulations - Call for an open debate on easing of travel restrictions.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Petersen, Eskild", "McCloskey, Brian", "Hui, David S", "Kock, Richard", "Ntoumi, Francine", "Memish, Ziad A", "Kapata, Nathan", "Azhar, Esam I", "Pollack, Marjorie", "Madoff, Larry C", "Hamer, Davidson H", "Nachega, Jean B", "Pshenichnaya, N", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305518", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211920, "pmcid": "PMC7095212", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): update for anesthesiologists and intensivists March 2020.", "journal": "Anaesthesist", "authors": ["Thomas-Ruddel, D", "Winning, J", "Dickmann, P", "Ouart, D", "Kortgen, A", "Janssens, U", "Bauer, M"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211920", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has reached Germany. The majority of people infected present with mild disease, but there are severe cases that need intensive care. Unlike other acute infectious diseases progressing to sepsis, the severe courses of COVID19 seemingly show prolonged progression from onset of first symptoms to life-threatening deterioration of (primarily) lung function. Diagnosis relies on PCR using specimens from the respiratory tract. Severe ARDS reflects the hallmark of a critical course of the disease. Preventing nosocomial infections (primarily by correct use of personal protective equipment) and maintenance of hospitals' operational capability are of utmost importance. Departments of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and emergency medicine will envisage major challenges."}, {"pmid": 32380153, "pmcid": "PMC7198398", "title": "Refugees besieged: The lurking threat of COVID-19 in Syrian war refugee camps.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kassem, Issmat I"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380153", "countries": ["Syrian Arab Republic"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425268, "pmcid": "PMC7231758", "title": "Wait-time for hysterectomy and survival of women with early-stage cervical cancer: A clinical implication during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Gynecol Oncol", "authors": ["Matsuo, Koji", "Novatt, Hilary", "Matsuzaki, Shinya", "Hom, Marianne S", "Castaneda, Antonio V", "Licon, Ernesto", "Nusbaum, David J", "Roman, Lynda D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425268", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A global pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus (Covid-19) has created unique challenges to providing timely care for cancer patients. In early-stage cervical cancer, postponing hysterectomy for 6-8\u202fweeks is suggested as a possible option in the Covid-19 burdened hospitals. Yet, literature examining the impact of surgery wait-time on survival in early-stage cervical cancer remains scarce. This study examined the association between surgery wait-time of 8\u202fweeks and oncologic outcome in women with early-stage cervical cancer. This is a single institution retrospective observational study at a tertiary referral medical center examining women who underwent primary hysterectomy or trachelectomy for clinical stage IA-IIA invasive cervical cancer between 2000 and 2017 (N\u202f=\u202f217). Wait-time from the diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer via biopsy to definitive surgery was categorized as: short wait-time (<8\u202fweeks; n\u202f=\u202f110) versus long wait-time (\u22658\u202fweeks; n\u202f=\u202f107). Propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance the measured demographics between the two groups, and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed. A systematic literature review with meta-analysis was performed. In a weighted model (median follow-up, 4.6\u202fyears), women in the long wait-time group had DFS (4.5-year rates, 91.2% versus 90.7%, hazard ratio [HR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47-2.59, P\u202f=\u202f0.818) and OS (95.0% versus 97.4%, HR 1.47, 95%CI 0.50-4.31, P\u202f=\u202f0.487) similar to those in the short wait-time group. Three studies were examined for meta-analysis (median, n\u202f=\u202f217), and a pooled HR for surgery wait-time of \u22658\u202fweeks on DFS was 0.96 (95%CI 0.59-1.55). Our study suggests that wait-time of 8\u202fweeks for hysterectomy may not be associated with short-term disease recurrence in women with early-stage cervical cancer."}, {"pmid": 32273180, "pmcid": "PMC7136874", "title": "What Does COVID-19 Mean for the Pathology-Urology Interaction?", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Comperat, Eva"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273180", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388171, "pmcid": "PMC7196405", "title": "SARS-COV-2 infection in patients with cancer undergoing checkpoint blockade: Clinical course and outcome.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Di Giacomo, Anna M", "Gambale, Elisabetta", "Monterisi, Santa", "Valente, Monica", "Maio, Michele"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388171", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499650, "title": "The online competition between pro- and anti-vaccination views.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Johnson, Neil F", "Velasquez, Nicolas", "Restrepo, Nicholas Johnson", "Leahy, Rhys", "Gabriel, Nicholas", "El Oud, Sara", "Zheng, Minzhang", "Manrique, Pedro", "Wuchty, Stefan", "Lupu, Yonatan"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499650", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Distrust in scientific expertise1-14 is dangerous. Opposition to vaccination with a future vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, for example, could amplify outbreaks2-4, as happened for measles in 20195,6. Homemade remedies7,8 and falsehoods are being shared widely on the Internet, as well as dismissals of expert advice9-11. There is a lack of understanding about how this distrust evolves at the system level13,14. Here we provide a map of the contention surrounding vaccines that has emerged from the global pool of around three billion Facebook users. Its core reveals a multi-sided landscape of unprecedented intricacy that involves nearly 100\u00a0million individuals partitioned into highly dynamic, interconnected clusters across cities, countries, continents and languages. Although smaller in overall size, anti-vaccination clusters manage to become highly entangled with undecided clusters in the main online network, whereas pro-vaccination clusters are more peripheral. Our theoretical framework reproduces the recent explosive growth in anti-vaccination views, and predicts that these views will dominate in a decade. Insights provided by this framework can inform new policies and approaches to interrupt this shift to negative views. Our results challenge the conventional thinking about undecided individuals in issues of contention surrounding health, shed light on other issues of contention such as climate change11, and highlight the key role of network cluster dynamics in multi-species ecologies15."}, {"pmid": 32231322, "title": "Climate vs coronavirus: Why massive stimulus plans could represent missed opportunities.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tollefson, Jeff"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231322", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289019, "pmcid": "PMC7104190", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: The 'black swan' for mental health care and a turning point for e-health.", "journal": "Internet Interv", "authors": ["Wind, Tim R", "Rijkeboer, Marleen", "Andersson, Gerhard", "Riper, Heleen"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289019", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457205, "title": "Clare Gerada: Some good must come out of covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Gerada, Clare"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457205", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531306, "pmcid": "PMC7280821", "title": "Will the guidelines and recommendations for surgery during COVID-19 pandemic still be valid if it becomes endemic?", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Ghai, Suhani"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all the healthcare sectors all over the world. The WHO and various other health organizations have been issuing recommendations and guidelines for surgical practice and patient management during the current pandemic. Some of these guidelines include triaging of the patients, prioritizing emergency surgery and delaying the elective surgical procedures till the COVID-19 pandemic is over. However, it seems that COVID-19 might become endemic in the community and current guidelines might not hold true. Surgical practices cannot remain suspended forever as it will have a deleterious effect on surgeons and patients. Therefore we need novel guidelines so that the surgeons can resume their general surgical practice as soon as possible."}, {"pmid": 32240625, "pmcid": "PMC7146671", "title": "Dementia care during COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wang, Huali", "Li, Tao", "Barbarino, Paola", "Gauthier, Serge", "Brodaty, Henry", "Molinuevo, Jose Luis", "Xie, Hengge", "Sun, Yongan", "Yu, Enyan", "Tang, Yanqing", "Weidner, Wendy", "Yu, Xin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240625", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425697, "pmcid": "PMC7229446", "title": "A family cluster of COVID-19 involving an asymptomatic case with persistently positive SARS-CoV-2 in anal swabs.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Rui", "Zhao, Haiyan", "Wang, Jian", "Yan, Xiaomin", "Shao, Huaping", "Wu, Chao"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425697", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387409, "pmcid": "PMC7199729", "title": "Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Million, Matthieu", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "Gautret, Philippe", "Colson, Philippe", "Fournier, Pierre-Edouard", "Amrane, Sophie", "Hocquart, Marie", "Mailhe, Morgane", "Esteves-Vieira, Vera", "Doudier, Barbara", "Aubry, Camille", "Correard, Florian", "Giraud-Gatineau, Audrey", "Roussel, Yanis", "Berenger, Cyril", "Cassir, Nadim", "Seng, Piseth", "Zandotti, Christine", "Dhiver, Catherine", "Ravaux, Isabelle", "Tomei, Christelle", "Eldin, Carole", "Tissot-Dupont, Herve", "Honore, Stephane", "Stein, Andreas", "Jacquier, Alexis", "Deharo, Jean-Claude", "Chabriere, Eric", "Levasseur, Anthony", "Fenollar, Florence", "Rolain, Jean-Marc", "Obadia, Yolande", "Brouqui, Philippe", "Drancourt, Michel", "La Scola, Bernard", "Parola, Philippe", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387409", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In France, the combination hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZ) is used in the treatment of COVID-19. We retrospectively report on 1061 SARS-CoV-2 positive tested patients treated for at least three days with the following regimen: HCQ (200\u00a0mg three times daily for ten days)\u00a0+\u00a0AZ (500\u00a0mg on day 1 followed by 250\u00a0mg daily for the next four days). Outcomes were death, clinical worsening (transfer to ICU, and >10 day hospitalization) and viral shedding persistence (>10 days). A total of 1061 patients were included in this analysis (46.4% male, mean age 43.6 years - range 14-95 years). Good clinical outcome and virological cure were obtained in 973 patients within 10 days (91.7%). Prolonged viral carriage was observed in 47 patients (4.4%) and was associated to a higher viral load at diagnosis (p\u00a0<\u00a0.001) but viral culture was negative at day 10. All but one, were PCR-cleared at day 15. A poor clinical outcome (PClinO) was observed for 46 patients (4.3%) and 8 died (0.75%) (74-95 years old). All deaths resulted from respiratory failure and not from cardiac toxicity. Five patients are still hospitalized (98.7% of patients cured so far). PClinO was associated with older age (OR 1.11), severity of illness at admission (OR 10.05) and low HCQ serum concentration. PClinO was independently associated with the use of selective beta-blocking agents and angiotensin II receptor blockers (p\u00a0<\u00a0.05). A total of 2.3% of patients reported mild adverse events (gastrointestinal or skin symptoms, headache, insomnia and transient blurred vision). Administration of the HCQ+AZ combination before COVID-19 complications occur is safe and associated with a very low fatality rate in patients."}, {"pmid": 32512054, "title": "Leading Change to Address the Needs and Well-being of Trainees During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Weiss, Pnina G", "Li, Su-Ting T"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512054", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenged program leaders to respond rapidly to changes in healthcare delivery, protect trainee safety, and transform educational activities. The pandemic demanded that program directors prioritize and address myriad threats to trainees' well-being. In this paper, we adapt Maslow's needs framework to systematically address trainee well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify potential interventions to meet trainee needs at the program, institution, and extra-institutional levels. Transforming education to effectively respond to trainee well-being needs requires leadership, and we use Kotter's 8 step change management model as an example of a framework to effectively lead change. Program leaders can take this opportunity to reflect upon their training programs and take the opportunity to improve them. Some of the systems of education we develop during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as telehealth, tele-education, and ways to stay connected may provide advantages and will be important to continue and expand upon post-COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32328218, "pmcid": "PMC7177105", "title": "Salivary diagnostics in COVID-19: Future research implications.", "journal": "J Dent Sci", "authors": ["Vinayachandran, Divya", "Saravanakarthikeyan, Balasubramanian"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328218", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375564, "title": "Human needs in COVID-19 isolation.", "journal": "J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Matias, Thiago", "Dominski, Fabio H", "Marks, David F"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375564", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To reduce the spread of COVID-19, the World Health Organization and the majority of governments have recommended that the entire human population should 'stay-at-home'. A significant proportion of the population live alone or are vulnerable to mental health problems yet, in the vast majority of cases, individuals in social isolation have no access to mental healthcare. The only resource is people themselves using self-help, self-medication and self-care. During prolonged COVID-19 isolation, an in-built system of homeostasis can help rebalance activity, thought and feeling. Increased physical activity enables a reset of physical and mental well-being. During periods of lockdown, it is recommended that exercise should be as vigorously promoted as social distancing itself."}, {"pmid": 32482822, "title": "It is irrational to exclude vets from Covid-19 control.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Roeder, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482822", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188528, "pmcid": "PMC7156577", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 enterocolitis with persisting to excrete the virus for approximately two weeks after recovering from diarrhea: A case report.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Hosoda, Tomohiro", "Sakamoto, Mitsuo", "Shimizu, Hideaki", "Okabe, Nobuhiko"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188528", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501809, "title": "COVID-19 Can Catalyze the Modernization of Medical Education.", "journal": "JMIR Med Educ", "authors": ["Mullen, Alexander Joseph", "Chen, Cathy Hsi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501809", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis, we have witnessed true physicianship as our frontline doctors apply clinical problem-solving to an illness without a textbook algorithm. Yet, for over a century, medical education in the United States has plowed ahead with a system that prioritizes content delivery over problem-solving. As resident trainees, we are acutely aware that memorizing content is not enough. We need a preclinical system designed to steer early learners from \"know\" to \"know how.\" Education leaders have long advocated for such changes to the medical school structure. For what may be the first time, we have a real chance to effect change. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, medical educators have scrambled to conform curricula to social distancing mandates. The resulting online infrastructures are a rare chance for risk-averse medical institutions to modernize how we train our future physicians-starting by eliminating the traditional classroom lecture. Institutions should capitalize on new digital infrastructures and curricular flexibility to facilitate the eventual rollout of flipped classrooms-a system designed to cultivate not only knowledge acquisition but problem-solving skills and creativity. These skills are more vital than ever for modern physicians."}, {"pmid": 32155789, "pmcid": "PMC7084952", "title": "Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Wang, Cuiyan", "Pan, Riyu", "Wan, Xiaoyang", "Tan, Yilin", "Xu, Linkang", "Ho, Cyrus S", "Ho, Roger C"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32155789", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20-24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32365044, "pmcid": "PMC7219721", "title": "Mental Health, Risk Factors, and Social Media Use During the COVID-19 Epidemic and Cordon Sanitaire Among the Community and Health Professionals in Wuhan, China: Cross-Sectional Survey.", "journal": "JMIR Ment Health", "authors": ["Ni, Michael Y", "Yang, Lin", "Leung, Candi M C", "Li, Na", "Yao, Xiaoxin I", "Wang, Yishan", "Leung, Gabriel M", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Liao, Qiuyan"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365044", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The mental health consequences of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, community-wide interventions, and social media use during a pandemic are unclear. The first and most draconian interventions have been implemented in Wuhan, China, and these countermeasures have been increasingly deployed by countries around the world. The aim of this study was to examine risk factors, including the use of social media, for probable anxiety and depression in the community and among health professionals in the epicenter, Wuhan, China. We conducted an online survey via WeChat, the most widely used social media platform in China, which was administered to 1577 community-based adults and 214 health professionals in Wuhan. Probable anxiety and probable depression were assessed by the validated Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (cutoff \u22653) and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (cutoff \u22653), respectively. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with probable anxiety and probable depression. Of the 1577 community-based adults, about one-fifth of respondents reported probable anxiety (n=376, 23.84%, 95% CI 21.8-26.0) and probable depression (n=303, 19.21%, 95% CI 17.3-21.2). Similarly, of the 214 health professionals, about one-fifth of surveyed health professionals reported probable anxiety (n=47, 22.0%, 95% CI 16.6-28.1) or probable depression (n=41, 19.2%, 95% CI 14.1-25.1). Around one-third of community-based adults and health professionals spent \u22652 hours daily on COVID-19 news via social media. Close contact with individuals with COVID-19 and spending \u22652 hours daily on COVID-19 news via social media were associated with probable anxiety and depression in community-based adults. Social support was associated with less probable anxiety and depression in both health professionals and community-based adults. The internet could be harnessed for telemedicine and restoring daily routines, yet caution is warranted toward spending excessive time searching for COVID-19 news on social media given the infodemic and emotional contagion through online social networks. Online platforms may be used to monitor the toll of the pandemic on mental health."}, {"pmid": 32179517, "title": "On the front lines of coronavirus: the Italian response to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Paterlini, Marta"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179517", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402775, "pmcid": "PMC7183286", "title": "[Chilblains in lockdown: An old acquaintance in the context of COVID-19].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Abril-Perez, Carlos", "Sanchez-Arraez, Javier", "Roca-Gines, Juncal", "Torres-Navarro, Ignacio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402775", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295835, "title": "Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery recommendations for the care of emergent neurointerventional patients in the setting of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["Fraser, Justin F", "Arthur, Adam S", "Chen, Michael", "Levitt, Michael", "Mocco, J", "Albuquerque, Felipe C", "Ansari, Sameer A", "Dabus, Guilherme", "Jayaraman, Mahesh V", "Mack, William J", "Milburn, James", "Mokin, Maxim", "Narayanan, Sandra", "Puri, Ajit S", "Siddiqui, Adnan H", "Tsai, Jenny P", "Klucznik, Richard P"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295835", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220284, "pmcid": "PMC7158904", "title": "Clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-centre, descriptive study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yu, Nan", "Li, Wei", "Kang, Qingling", "Xiong, Zhi", "Wang, Shaoshuai", "Lin, Xingguang", "Liu, Yanyan", "Xiao, Juan", "Liu, Haiyi", "Deng, Dongrui", "Chen, Suhua", "Zeng, Wanjiang", "Feng, Ling", "Wu, Jianli"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220284", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December, 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China. The number of affected pregnant women is increasing, but scarce information is available about the clinical features of COVID-19 in pregnancy. This study aimed to clarify the clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19. In this retrospective, single-centre study, we included all pregnant women with COVID-19 who were admitted to Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. Clinical features, treatments, and maternal and fetal outcomes were assessed. Seven patients, admitted to Tongji Hospital from Jan 1, to Feb 8, 2020, were included in our study. The mean age of the patients was 32 years (range 29-34 years) and the mean gestational age was 39 weeks plus 1 day (range 37 weeks to 41 weeks plus 2 days). Clinical manifestations were fever (six [86%] patients), cough (one [14%] patient), shortness of breath (one [14%] patient), and diarrhoea (one [14%] patient). All the patients had caesarean section within 3 days of clinical presentation with an average gestational age of 39 weeks plus 2 days. The final date of follow-up was Feb 12, 2020. The outcomes of the pregnant women and neonates were good. Three neonates were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and one neonate was infected with SARS-CoV-2 36 h after birth. The maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes of patients who were infected in late pregnancy appeared very good, and these outcomes were achieved with intensive, active management that might be the best practice in the absence of more robust data. The clinical characteristics of these patients with COVID-19 during pregnancy were similar to those of non-pregnant adults with COVID-19 that have been reported in the literature. National Natural Science Foundation of China, Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China."}, {"pmid": 32102279, "pmcid": "PMC7073579", "title": "Assessing the Impact of Reduced Travel on Exportation Dynamics of Novel Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Anzai, Asami", "Kobayashi, Tetsuro", "Linton, Natalie M", "Kinoshita, Ryo", "Hayashi, Katsuma", "Suzuki, Ayako", "Yang, Yichi", "Jung, Sung-Mok", "Miyama, Takeshi", "Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R", "Nishiura, Hiroshi"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32102279", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of the drastic reduction in travel volume within mainland China in January and February 2020 was quantified with respect to reports of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infections outside China. Data on confirmed cases diagnosed outside China were analyzed using statistical models to estimate the impact of travel reduction on three epidemiological outcome measures: (i) the number of exported cases, (ii) the probability of a major epidemic, and (iii) the time delay to a major epidemic. From 28 January to 7 February 2020, we estimated that 226 exported cases (95% confidence interval: 86,449) were prevented, corresponding to a 70.4% reduction in incidence compared to the counterfactual scenario. The reduced probability of a major epidemic ranged from 7% to 20% in Japan, which resulted in a median time delay to a major epidemic of two days. Depending on the scenario, the estimated delay may be less than one day. As the delay is small, the decision to control travel volume through restrictions on freedom of movement should be balanced between the resulting estimated epidemiological impact and predicted economic fallout."}, {"pmid": 32438482, "title": "Real-world assessment of the clinical impact of symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID-19 disease) in patients with Multiple Myeloma receiving systemic anti-cancer therapy.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Cook, Gordon", "Ashcroft, A John", "Pratt, Guy", "Popat, Rakesh", "Ramasamy, Karthik", "Kaiser, Martin", "Jenner, Matthew", "Henshaw, Sarah", "Hall, Rachel", "Sive, Jonathan", "Stern, Simon", "Streetly, Matthew", "Bygrave, Ceri", "Soutar, Richard", "Rabin, Neil", "Jackson, Graham H"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438482", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375197, "title": "COVID-19: Ophthalmological Aspects of the SARS-CoV 2 Global Pandemic.", "journal": "Klin Monbl Augenheilkd", "authors": ["Siedlecki, Jakob", "Brantl, Victor", "Schworm, Benedikt", "Mayer, Wolfgang Johann", "Gerhardt, Maximilian", "Michalakis, Stylianos", "Kreutzer, Thomas", "Priglinger, Siegfried"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To perform a systematic analysis of articles on the ophthalmological implications of the global COVID-19 pandemic. PubMed.gov was searched for relevant articles using the keywords \"COVID-19\", \"coronavirus\", and \"SARS-CoV-2\" in conjunction with \"ophthalmology\" and \"eye\". Moreover, official recommendations of ophthalmological societies were systematically reviewed, with a focus on the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) and the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth). As of April 16, 2020, in total, 21 peer-reviewed articles on the ophthalmological aspects of COVID-19 were identified. Of these, 12 (57.1%) were from Asia, 6 (28.6%) from the United States of America, and 3 (14.3%) from Europe. There were 5 (23.8%) original studies, 10 (47.6%) letters, 3 (14.2%) case reports, and 3 (14.2%) reviews. These articles could be classified into the topics \"Modes and prevention of (ocular) transmission\", \"Ophthalmological manifestations of COVID-19\", \"Clinical guidance concerning ophthalmological practice during the COVID-19 pandemic\", and \"Practical recommendations for clinical infrastructure\". Practical recommendations could be extracted from official statements of the AAO and the RCOphth. Within a short period, a growing body of articles has started to elucidate the ophthalmological implications of COVID-19. As the eye can represent a route of infection (actively via tears and passively via the nasoacrimal duct), ophthalmological care has to undergo substantial modifications during this pandemic. In the eye, COVID-19 can manifest as keratoconjunctivitis."}, {"pmid": 32247327, "pmcid": "PMC7270073", "title": "COVID-19: the current situation in Afghanistan.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Shah, Jaffer", "Karimzadeh, Sedighe", "Al-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali", "Mousavi, Sayed Hamid", "Zahid, Shafi Ullah", "Huy, Nguyen Tien"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247327", "countries": ["Afghanistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361688, "pmcid": "PMC7177122", "title": "Can glycopyrrolate come to the airway rescue in Covid-19 patients?", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Garg, Heena"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361688", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393147, "title": "Otolaryngology Community Operating With Collaboration and Productive Resolve During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Denneny, James C 3rd"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393147", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the wake of the tremendous fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic that was mostly negative, I find great optimism and encouragement from the ability of society at all levels to focus on a common problem with a collaborative and productive resolve to address this millennial event. The rapid response was made possible by marshaling the resources available from many sources, not the least of which was the medical association community. It has been particularly gratifying to work hand-in-hand with our specialty societies within and outside the otolaryngology family to produce educational and scientific information that is consistent and that has and will continue to affect policy favorably. The groups that enable these inspirational collaborative accomplishments through their dedication, innovation, and imagination are the practicing physicians who have given freely and generously of their time and talents to help the whole health care community provide the most up-to-date care possible."}, {"pmid": 32305309, "pmcid": "PMC7151295", "title": "Strategic plan for management in oral and maxillofacial surgery during COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Zeng, Liujun", "Su, Tong", "Huang, Long"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496239, "title": "Potential pharmacological agents for COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Kotwani, Anita", "Gandra, Sumanth"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496239", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has become a global pandemic. Currently, the management of COVID-19 infection is mainly supportive. Several clinical trials worldwide are evaluating several drugs approved for other indications, as well as multiple investigational agents for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Here, we give a brief overview of pharmacological agents and other therapies which are under investigation as treatment options or adjunctive agents for patients infected with COVID-19 and for chemoprophylaxis for the prevention of COVID-19 infection. At the time of writing this commentary, there is no peer-reviewed published evidence from randomized clinical trials of any pharmacological agents improving outcomes in COVID-19 patients. However, it was reported that remdesivir an investigational antiviral agent hastens clinical recovery, but a study is yet to be published in peer-reviewed medical journal."}, {"pmid": 32451137, "pmcid": "PMC7198140", "title": "[How to approach intravitreal injections during this COVID-19 pandemic ?]", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Kodjikian, L"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451137", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374799, "title": "Why psychiatric treatment must not be neglected during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Correa, Humberto", "Malloy-Diniz, Leandro F", "da Silva, Antonio G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374799", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420831, "title": "Applying Gerontological Social Work Perspectives to the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Swinford, Emma", "Galucia, Natalie", "Morrow-Howell, Nancy"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420831", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social workers are familiar with the challenges brought on by the coronavirus pandemic; and we apply three gerontological social work perspectives that might increase our chances of minimizing negative outcomes and improving health and quality of life for everyone. First, the reality that the older population is very heterogeneous challenges ageism and age-stereotyping that has surfaced with COVID-19. Second, concepts of cumulative disadvantage and intersectionality offer clear explanations of the disparities that are being illuminated and lead us to advocate for fundamental changes to reduce disparities in later life and for people across the life course. Third, a strength-based perspective highlights the assets of the older population and the opportunities for positive developments coming out of the crisis. We can capitalize on momentum to increase advance care planning, to reduce social isolation, and expand the use of on-line technology for service provision. We can bolster our arguments to support older workers, volunteers, and caregivers. The fact that these social work perspectives are so applicable to the coronavirus situation reminds us of their fundamental relevance. Gerontological social work has much to offer in our roles as researchers, educators, practitioners, and advocates during this crisis, and our foundational principles serve us well."}, {"pmid": 32434800, "title": "World leaders adopt resolution to study WHO's response to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434800", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237199, "pmcid": "PMC7228286", "title": "A New Symptom of COVID-19: Loss of Taste and Smell.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Gautier, Jean-Francois", "Ravussin, Yann"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237199", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245904, "pmcid": "PMC7211064", "title": "How we treat patients with lung cancer during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: primum non nocere.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Banna, Giuseppe", "Curioni-Fontecedro, Alessandra", "Friedlaender, Alex", "Addeo, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245904", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New cases of the novel coronavirus, also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continue to rise worldwide. A few reports have showed that mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 is higher in elderly patients and other active comorbidities including cancer. To date, no effective treatment has been identified and management for critically ill patients relies on management in intensive care units. Patients with lung cancer are at risk of pulmonary complications from COVID-19. Furthermore, the use of chemotherapy might have a negative impact in patient's outcome. Therefore, the risk/benefit ratio of systemic anticancer treatment (SACT) has to be considered. For each patient, several factors including age and comorbidities, as well as the number of hospital visits for treatment, can influence this risk. Each hospital around the world has issued some internal policy guidelines for oncologists, aiming to limit risks during this difficult time. We hereby propose a tool to support oncologists and physicians in treatment decision for patients with lung cancer. There are several variables to consider, including the extent of the epidemic, the local healthcare structure capacity, the risk of infection to the individual, the status of cancer, patients' comorbidities, age and details of the treatment. Given this heterogeneity, we have based our suggestions bearing in mind some general factors There is not easy, universal solution to oncological care during this crisis and, to complicate matters, the duration of this pandemic is hard to predict. It is important to weigh the impact of each of our decisions in these trying times rather than rely on routine automatisms."}, {"pmid": 32336723, "title": "Treatment of SARS-CoV-2: How far have we reached?", "journal": "Drug Discov Ther", "authors": ["Ahsan, Waquar", "Javed, Shamama", "Bratty, Mohammed Al", "Alhazmi, Hassan A", "Najmi, Asim"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336723", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The virus severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently affecting more than 200 countries and territories worldwide. It has been declared as pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) and the whole world is suffering from corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, no treatment for SARS-CoV-2 are approved because of lack of evidence, but a number of clinical trials are in process and we are expecting fruitful results very soon. This review focuses on various approaches of treatment and few of the most recent clinical trials carried out in this field."}, {"pmid": 32241899, "title": "Gastrointestinal symptoms of 95 cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Lin, Lu", "Jiang, Xiayang", "Zhang, Zhenling", "Huang, Siwen", "Zhang, Zhenyi", "Fang, Zhaoxiong", "Gu, Zhiqiang", "Gao, Liangqing", "Shi, Honggang", "Mai, Lei", "Liu, Yuan", "Lin, Xianqi", "Lai, Renxu", "Yan, Zhixiang", "Li, Xiaofeng", "Shan, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241899", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study the GI symptoms in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients. We analysed epidemiological, demographic, clinical and laboratory data of 95 cases with SARS-CoV-2 caused coronavirus disease 2019. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR was used to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in faeces and GI tissues. Among the 95 patients, 58 cases exhibited GI symptoms of which 11 (11.6%) occurred on admission and 47 (49.5%) developed during hospitalisation. Diarrhoea (24.2%), anorexia (17.9%) and nausea (17.9%) were the main symptoms with five (5.3%), five (5.3%) and three (3.2%) cases occurred on the illness onset, respectively. A substantial proportion of patients developed diarrhoea during hospitalisation, potentially aggravated by various drugs including antibiotics. Faecal samples of 65 hospitalised patients were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, including 42 with and 23 without GI symptoms, of which 22 (52.4%) and 9 (39.1%) were positive, respectively. Six patients with GI symptoms were subjected to endoscopy, revealing oesophageal bleeding with erosions and ulcers in one severe patient. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in oesophagus, stomach, duodenum and rectum specimens for both two severe patients. In contrast, only duodenum was positive in one of the four non-severe patients. GI tract may be a potential transmission route and target organ of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32299472, "pmcid": "PMC7160817", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: ARDS or not?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Gattinoni, Luciano", "Chiumello, Davide", "Rossi, Sandra"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299472", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407770, "pmcid": "PMC7213956", "title": "COVID-19, Clinical Trials and QT-Prolonging Prophylactic Therapy in Healthy Subjects: First, Do No Harm.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Gollob, Michael H"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407770", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32114755, "pmcid": "PMC7142009", "title": "A Chinese Case of COVID-19 Did Not Show Infectivity During the Incubation Period: Based on an Epidemiological Survey.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Bae, Jong-Myon"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114755", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Controversy remains over whether the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) virus may have infectivity during the incubation period before the onset of symptoms. The author had the opportunity to examine the infectivity of COVID-19 during the incubation period by conducting an epidemiological survey on a confirmed patient who had visited Jeju Island during the incubation period. The epidemiological findings support the claim that the COVID-19 virus does not have infectivity during the incubation period."}, {"pmid": 32495920, "title": "Is visiting Qom spread CoVID-19 epidemic in the Middle East?", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Al-Rousan, N", "Al-Najjar, H"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495920", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The CoVID-19 epidemic started in Wuhan, China and spread to 217 other countries around the world through direct contact with patients, goods transfer, animal transport, and touching unclean surfaces. In the Middle East, the first confirmed case in both Iran and UAE originated from China. A series of infections since those confirmed cases started in the Middle East originated from Qom, Iran, and other Shi'ite holy places. Thereafter, CoVID-19 has been transmitted to other countries in the Middle East. This report aims to trace all of the confirmed cases in the Middle East until March 6, 2020 and their further spread. This report proves that further transmission of CoVID-19 to the Middle East was because of human mobility, besides engaging in different Jewish and Shi'ite religious rites. This report suggests avoiding several religious rites, closing the borders of infected countries, and supporting the infected countries to prevent further transmission."}, {"pmid": 32474757, "pmcid": "PMC7260472", "title": "Acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 related hypercoagulability.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Lorenzo, Cerruti", "Francesca, Boscaro", "Francesco, Poletto", "Elena, Campello", "Luca, Spiezia", "Paolo, Simioni"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474757", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was confirmed as the etiologic agent of a worldwide outbreak of a pneumonia that can result in severe respiratory failure. This clinical entity seems to be associated with a marked hypercoagulable state that causes both arterial and venous thromboembolic complications. Therefore, an adequate anti-thrombotic prophylaxis is recommended in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Although rapidly worsening respiratory symptoms in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection may correlate with worsening pneumonia itself, it may also mask a pulmonary embolism. We report the case of a 50-year-old man affected by SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, who developed acute pulmonary embolism."}, {"pmid": 32362235, "pmcid": "PMC7212547", "title": "Understanding the binding affinity of noscapines with protease of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 using MD simulations at different temperatures.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Kumar, Durgesh", "Kumari, Kamlesh", "Jayaraj, Abhilash", "Kumar, Vinod", "Kumar, Ramappa Venkatesh", "Dass, Sujata K", "Chandra, Ramesh", "Singh, Prashant"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362235", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of a novel coronavirus, named as SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 occurred in 2019, is in dire need of finding potential therapeutic agents. Recently, ongoing viral epidemic due to coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affected mainland China that now threatened to spread to populations in most countries of the world. In spite of this, there is currently no antiviral drug/ vaccine available against coronavirus infection, COVID-19. In the present study, computer-aided drug design-based screening to find out promising inhibitors against the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) leads to infection, COVID-19. The lead therapeutic molecule was investigated through docking and molecular dynamics simulations. In this, binding affinity of noscapines(23B)-protease of SARS-CoV-2 complex was evaluated through MD simulations at different temperatures. Our research group has established that noscapine is a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of drug resistant cancers; however, noscapine was also being used as anti-malarial, anti-stroke and cough-suppressant. This study suggests for the first time that noscapine exerts its antiviral effects by inhibiting viral protein synthesis."}, {"pmid": 32467283, "pmcid": "PMC7256270", "title": "Complete Genome Sequence of SARS-CoV-2 in a Tiger from a U.S. Zoological Collection.", "journal": "Microbiol Resour Announc", "authors": ["Wang, Leyi", "Mitchell, Patrick K", "Calle, Paul P", "Bartlett, Susan L", "McAloose, Denise", "Killian, Mary Lea", "Yuan, Fangfeng", "Fang, Ying", "Goodman, Laura B", "Fredrickson, Richard", "Elvinger, Francois", "Terio, Karen", "Franzen, Kerrie", "Stuber, Tod", "Diel, Diego G", "Torchetti, Mia Kim"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467283", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This report describes the identification and characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a Malayan tiger in a U.S. zoo."}, {"pmid": 32334648, "pmcid": "PMC7180012", "title": "COVID-19 in Yemen: preparedness measures in a fragile state.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Dureab, Fekri", "Al-Awlaqi, Sameh", "Jahn, Albrecht"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334648", "countries": ["Yemen"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415548, "pmcid": "PMC7226715", "title": "The role of environmental factors to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "AMB Express", "authors": ["Eslami, Hadi", "Jalili, Mahrokh"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415548", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in more than 250 countries has become a serious threat to the health of people around the world. Human-to-human transmission of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)\u00a0occurs most often when people are in the incubation stage of the disease or are carriers and have no symptoms. Therefore, in this study, was discussed the role of environmental factors and conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind speed as well as food, water and sewage, air, insects, inanimate\u00a0surfaces, and hands in COVID-19 transmission. The results of studies on the stability of the SARS-CoV-2 on different levels showed that the resistance of this virus on smooth surfaces was higher than others. Temperature increase and sunlight can facilitate the destruction of SARS-COV-2 and the stability of it on surfaces. When the minimum ambient air temperature increases by 1\u00a0\u00b0C, the cumulative number of cases decreases by 0.86%. According to the latest evidence, the presence of coronavirus in the sewer has been confirmed, but there is no evidence that it is transmitted through sewage or contaminated drinking water. Also, SARS-COV-2 transmission through food, food packages, and food handlers has not been identified as a risk factor for the disease. According to the latest studies, the possibility of transmitting SARS-COV-2 bioaerosol through the air has been reported in the internal environment of ophthalmology. The results additionally show that infectious bio-aerosols can move up to 6 feet. There have been no reports of SARS-COV-2 transmission by blood-feeding arthropods such as mosquitoes."}, {"pmid": 32360303, "pmcid": "PMC7187855", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: the long and difficult way back to work.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Salomao, Bruno Chaves", "Maluf-Filho, Fauze"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432723, "title": "Renin-angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2 infection: there is a before and after.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Kuster, Gabriela M"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432723", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506757, "title": "Facial protection in the era of COVID-19: a narrative review.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Li, Dion Tik Shun", "Samaranayake, Lakshman Perera", "Leung, Yiu Yan", "Neelakantan, Prasanna"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We live in extraordinary times, where COVID-19 pandemic has brought the whole world to a screeching halt. Tensions and contradictions that surround the pandemic ridden world include the availability, and the lack thereof, various facial protection measures to mitigate the viral spread. Here, we comprehensively explore the different type of facial protection measures, including masks, needed both for the pubic and the health care workers (HCW). We discuss the anatomy, the critical issues of disinfection and reusability of masks, the alternative equipment available for the protection of the facial region from airborne diseases, such as face shields and powered air purifying respirators (PAPR), and the skin-health impact of prolonged wearing of facial protection by HCW. Clearly, facial protection, either in the form of masks or alternates, appears to have mitigated the pandemic as seen from the minimal COVID-19 spread in countries where public mask wearing is strictly enforced. On the contrary, the healthcare systems, that appear to have been unprepared for emergencies of this nature, should be appropriately geared to handle the imbalance of supply and demand of personal protective equipment including face masks. These are two crucial lessons we can learn from this tragic experience."}, {"pmid": 32451251, "pmcid": "PMC7196429", "title": "CoVID-19 vs. epilepsy: It is time to move, act, and encourage physical exercise.", "journal": "Epilepsy Behav", "authors": ["Vancini, Rodrigo Luiz", "de Lira, Claudio Andre Barbosa", "Andrade, Marilia Santos", "Arida, Ricardo Mario"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393448, "title": "The ICMR bulletin on targeted hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis for Covid-19: Need to interpret with caution.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["D'Cruz, Migita"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393448", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The National Task Force for Covid-19 of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in a bulletin dated March 21, 2020 recommended the use of hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis in asymptomatic health care workers caring for suspected or confirmed patients and household contacts of confirmed patients. This is cause for concern with regard to bioethics and good clinical practice. The evidence for the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine is currently derived from open label trials and cell culture studies with no conclusive evidence available from randomised clinical trials. Hydroxychloroquine also carries contraindications in the case of conditions such as maculopathy, retinopathy and QTc prolongation and should be used with caution in vulnerable populations such as children, pregnancy, lactation and the elderly. Despite this, there has been a rush to procure and self-medicate with hydroxychloroquine, which has been addressed by the National Task Force. The WHO and the FDA have not found adequate evidence to recommend any specific medication for the treatment of Covid-19. While further evidence is awaited, including from trials registered with the FDA and the ICMR, it is recommended that the administration of hydroxychloroquine for chemo-prophylaxis be considered on a case by case basis with monitoring by a registered medical practitioner including electrocardiography (ECG). The potential for retinal and cardiac toxicity must also be borne in mind. It is further recommended that a public advisory regarding the need for caution in chemo-prophylaxis be made available in the public domain. Keywords: Coronavirus, Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, chemoprophylaxis, bioethics, evidence- based medicine."}, {"pmid": 32312025, "title": "Variable computed tomography appearances of COVID-19.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Lim, Zhan Ye", "Khoo, Hau Wei", "Hui, Terrence Chi Hong", "Kok, Shawn Shi Xian", "Kwan, Kenneth Eng Ling", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Tan, Cher Heng", "Kaw, Gregory Jon Leng"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312025", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is typically diagnosed by specific assays that detect viral nucleic acid from the upper respiratory tract; however, this may miss infections involving only the lower airways. Computed tomography (CT) has been described as a diagnostic modality in the COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment plan. We present a case series with virologically confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. Variable CT features were observed: consolidation with ground-glass opacities, ground-glass opacities with subpleural reticular bands, and an anterior-posterior gradient of lung abnormalities resembling that of acute respiratory distress syndrome. In one patient, we noted evolution of CT findings, where there was interval resolution of bilateral lung consolidation with development of bronchiolectasis and subpleural fibrotic bands. While sensitive for detecting lung parenchymal abnormalities in COVID-19 pneumonia, CT for initial diagnosis is discouraged and should be reserved for specific clinical indications. Interpretation of chest CT findings should be correlated with duration of symptoms to better determine the disease stage and aid in patient management."}, {"pmid": 32381324, "pmcid": "PMC7190484", "title": "Reorganizing Italian Internal Medicine wards for COVID 19.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Mazzone, Antonino", "Mumoli, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381324", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438510, "title": "Demand-capacity modelling and Covid-19 disease: identifying themes for future NHS planning.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Pandit, J J"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438510", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This editorial shows how the principles of demand-capacity modelling lead to the conclusion that COVID-19 disease will require the UK NHS to run its serves at a far higher working capacity (in terms of hospital, intensive care and social care beds, operating theatres and staff) than it has been used to. The analysis leads to key questions that should form the basis for rational planning in a post-COVID NHS."}, {"pmid": 32404652, "pmcid": "PMC7236851", "title": "Innovation During COVID-19: Improving Addiction Treatment Access.", "journal": "J Addict Med", "authors": ["Samuels, Elizabeth A", "Clark, Seth A", "Wunsch, Caroline", "Keeler, Lee Ann Jordison", "Reddy, Neha", "Vanjani, Rahul", "Wightman, Rachel S"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404652", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": During the COVID-19 pandemic, many addiction treatment and harm reduction organizations have had to reduce their hours and services for people with substance use disorders, placing these individuals at increased risk of death. In order to address restricted treatment access during COVID-19, guidance from the Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration, the US Drug Enforcement Administration, and the US Department of Health and Human Services has allowed for use of audio-only telehealth encounters for buprenorphine induction without requiring an in-person evaluation or video interface. This has enabled innovations in order to try to meet the needs of the most vulnerable among us during the current pandemic. In this new regulatory environment, we established the Rhode Island Buprenorphine Hotline, a phone hotline which functions as a \"tele-bridge\" clinic where people with moderate to severe opioid use disorder can be linked with a DATA 2000 waivered provider who can provide an initial assessment and, if appropriate, prescribe buprenorphine for unobserved induction and linkage to outpatient treatment. In this correspondence we briefly share our experience developing this common sense approach to addressing the complex problem of access to treatment only now permissible due to regulatory changes during COVID-19."}]